the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
1905  Leo Durocher, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1991)
1906  Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish writer and activist (d. 2000)
1907  Gregory Vlastos, American philosopher (d. 1991)
1908  Joseph Mitchell, American writer (d. 1996)
1910  Julien Gracq, French writer (d. 2007)
1910  Lupita Tovar, Mexican actress (d. 2017)
1915  Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (d. 1982)
1916  Elizabeth Hardwick, novelist (d. 2007)
1916  Keenan Wynn, American character actor (d. 1986)
1916  Amha Selassie, Crown Prince of Ethiopia (d. 1997)
1917  Bourvil, French actor (d. 1970)
1918  Leonard Rose, American cellist (d. 1984)
1919  Jack Goody, English social anthropologist (d. 2015)
1922  Norman Lear, American television writer and producer
1923  Masutatsu Oyama, founder of Kyokushin marshal art (d. 1994)
1924  Vincent Canby, movie critic  (d. 2000)
1927  Heinz Wewers, German footballer (d. 2008)
1927  John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (d. 2014)
1927  Guy Carawan, American folk musician (d. 2015)
1928  Karl Mai, German footballer (d. 1993)
1928  Joe Kittinger, American pilot
1929  Jean Baudrillard, French philosopher (d. 2007)
1930  Shirley Williams, British politician
1931  Jerry Van Dyke, American actor (d. 2018)
1931  Khieu Samphan, Cambodian politician
1937  Don Galloway, American actor (d. 2009)
1938  Isabelle Aubret, French singer
1938  Gary Gygax, American game creator (d. 2008)
1939  Michael Longley, Northern Irish poet
1939  William Eggleston, American photographer
1940  Pina Bausch, German dancer and choreographer (d. 2009)
1940  Gary Kurtz, American film producer (d. 2018)
1942  John Pleshette, American actor, director and screenwriter
1942  Dennis Ralston, American tennis player
1943  Jeremy Greenstock, English diplomat
1943  John Button, English racing driver (d. 2014)
1944  Tony Capstick, English comedian (d. 2003)
1944  Bobbie Gentry, American singer-songwriter
1944  Jean-Marie Leblanc, French cyclist
1944  Barbara Thompson, British musician and composer
1948  Hans Rosling, Swedish physician, academic, statistician and public speaker (d. 2017)
1949  André Dupont, Canadian ice hockey player
1949  Rory MacDonald, Scottish musician (Runrig)
1949  Maureen McGovern, American singer and Broadway actress
1949  Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (d. 2010)
1951  Roseanna Cunningham, Scottish politician
1951  Eduardo Gómez, Spanish actor and comedian (d. 2019)
1952  Roxanne Hart, American actress
1954  Peter L. Allen, actor and musician
1954  Philippe Alliot, French racing driver
1957  Bill Engvall, American comedian
1957  Allan Simmons, English Scrabble player
1958  Christopher Dean, English figure skater
1958  Barbara Rudnik, German actress (d. 2009)
1959  Siobhan Redmond, Scottish actress
1960  Conway Savage, Australian rock singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2018)
1960  Emily Thornberry, English politician
1960  Jo Durie, English tennis player
1961  Daniel C. Burbank, American astronaut
1962  Tony Leung, Chinese actor
1963  Donnie Yen, Chinese-Hong Kong actor, director, producer and martial artist
1965  José Luis Chilavert, Paraguayan footballer
1965  Trifon Ivanov, Bulgarian footballer (d. 2016)
1967  Juliana Hatfield, musician
1967  Monique Sluyter, Dutch model
1967  Kellie Waymire, actress (d. 2003)
1968  Cliff Curtis, New Zealand actor
1969  Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Italian actress
1969  Triple H, American professional wrestler
1969  Jonty Rhodes, South African cricketer
1972  Jill Arrington, American sports reporter
1972  Maya Rudolph, American actress, singer and screenwriter
1972  Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Malaysian surgeon and astronaut
1973  Abe Cunningham, American drummer (Deftones)
1974  Eason Chan, Hong Kong pop singer
1975  Alessandro Pistone, Italian footballer
1975  Shea Hillenbrand, American baseball player
1975  Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player
1976  Fernando Ricksen, Dutch footballer (d. 2019)
1977  Jonathan Rhys-Meyers, British actor
1977  Björn Dreyer, German footballer
1979  Sidney Govou, French footballer
1979  Shannon Moore, American professional wrestler
1980  Nick Nemeth, American professional wrestler
1983  Goran Pandev, Macedonian footballer
1983  Lorik Cana, Albanian footballer
1984  Tsuyoshi Nishioka, Japanese baseball player
1984  Arynne Sherouse, American writer, actor, and singer
1984  Iekeliene Stange, Dutch model
1985  Matteo Pratichetti, Italian rugby player
1986  DeMarre Carroll, American basketball player
1986  Ryan Flaherty, American baseball player
1987  Marek Hamsik, Slovakian footballer
1987  Jordan Hill, American basketball player
1989  Charlotte Arnold, Canadian actress
1989  Mohamed Bangura, Sierra Leonean footballer
1990  Indiana Evans, Australian actress
1990  Nick Hogan, American reality TV personality
1990  Cheyenne Kimball, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1991  Rena Matsui, Japanese singer (AKB48)
1993  Jordan Spieth, American golfer
1994  Winnie Harlow, Canadian model
916  Clement of Ohrid, Slavic archbishop and scholar (b. 840)
1101  Conrad II of Italy (b. 1074)
1276  King James I of Aragon (b. 1208)
1365  Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1339)
1382  Joanna I of Naples (b. 1326)
1656  Salomo Glassius, German theologian (b. 1593)
1675  Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general (b. 1611)
1759  Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician (b. 1698)
1770  Robert Dinwiddie, British colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1693)
1841  Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer, poet and painter (b. 1814)
1844  John Dalton, English physicist and chemist (b. 1776)
1863  William Lowndes Yancey, American journalist and politician (b. 1813)
1873  Fyodor Tyutchev, Russian poet (b. 1803)
1883  Montgomery Blair, American politician (b. 1813)
1917  Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss doctor, won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1841)
1924  Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist (b. 1866)
1946  Gertrude Stein, American writer and publicist (b. 1874)
1948  Joe Tinker, American baseball player (b. 1880)
1962  Richard Herrmann, German footballer (b. 1923)
1962  James H. Kindelberger, American aerospace pioneer (b. 1895)
1970  António de Oliveira Salazar, President of Portugal (b. 1889)
1971  Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1924)
1978  Bob Heffron, Premier of New South Wales (b. 1890)
1978  Willem van Otterloo, Dutch conductor and composer (b. 1907)
1980  Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (b. 1919)
1985  Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (b. 1889)
1987  Travis Jackson, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1903)
1988  Frank Zamboni, American inventor (b. 1901)
1990  Elizabeth Allan, British actress (b. 1908)
1991  Gino Colaussi, Italian footballer (b. 1914)
1995  Miklos Rozsa, Hungarian-American composer (b. 1907)
1995  Melih Esenbel, Turkish politician (b. 1915)
1999  Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician (b. 1912)
2001  Leon Wilkeson, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (b. 1952)
2003  Bob Hope, English-American comedian (b. 1903)
2008  Horst Stein, German conductor (b. 1928)
2010  Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (b. 1949)
2011  Agota Kristof, Hungarian writer (b. 1935)
2012  Jack Taylor, English football referee (b. 1930)
2012  Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (b. 1944)
2012  Norman Alden, American actor (b. 1924)
2012  R. G. Armstrong, American actor (b. 1917)
2012  Tony Martin, American singer (b. 1913)
2012  Russ Mayberry, Scottish-American television director (b. 1926)
2013  Lindy Boggs, American politician (b. 1916)
2013  Jon Leyne, British journalist (b. 1958)
2014  Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (b. 1929)
2014  Kyozan Joshu Sasaki, Japanese-American Rinzai Zen teacher (b. 1907)
2014  Paul Schell, 50th Mayor of Seattle (b. 1937)
2014  George Freese, American baseball player (b. 1926)
2015  A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Indian scientist and politician, 11th President of India (b. 1931)
2015  Samuel Pisar, Polish-born American lawyer and author (b. 1929)
2016  Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (b. 1928)
2016  Jack Davis, American artist (b. 1924)
2016  Richard Thompson, American cartoonist (b. 1957)
2016  James Alan McPherson, American writer (b. 1943)
2016  Jerry Doyle, American actor, broadcaster and political commentator (b. 1956)
2016  Piet de Jong, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1915)
2017  D. L. Menard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1932)
2017  Ovidio Messa, Bolivian footballer (b. 1952)
2017  Sam Shepard, American playwright and actor (b. 1943)
2017  Marty Sklar, American businessman (b. 1934)
2017  Magnus Böcker, Swedish businessman (b. 1961)
2018  Michael P. DeLong, United States Marine Corps Lieutenant General (b. 1945)
2018  Marco Aurelio Denegri, Peruvian sexologist and television presenter (b. 1938)
2018  Bernard Hepton, English actor (b. 1925)
2018  Vladimir Voinovich, Russian novelist and journalist (b. 1932)
2018  Gervase Markham, British computer programmer (b. 1978)
2018  Enrique Verástegui, Peruvian poet, physicist and philosopher (b. 1950)
2019  Carlos Cruz-Diez, Venezuelan artist (b. 1923)
2019  Humphrey Mijnals, Surinamese-Dutch footballer (b. 1930)
2019  Mike Roarke, American baseball player (b. 1930)
2019  John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist (b. 1931)
National Sleepy Head Day (Finland)
Victory Day (North Korea)
José Celso Barbosa Day (Puerto Rico)
1364  Troops of the Republic of Pisa and Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
1540  Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex is executed at the order of King Henry VIII of England, who marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
1566  A storm sinks several ships off the coast of the island of Gotland, Sweden, killing around 6,000 people.
1609  Bermuda is settled by English sailors, after their ship, the Sea Venture, runs aground, on the way to Virginia.
1794  French revolutionary leaders Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Saint-Just are executed on the guillotine.
1800  First successful climb of the Grossglockner in the Austrian Alps by Martin and Sepp Klotz.
1809  Napoleonic Wars: In the Battle of Talavera an army led by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington prevents Joseph Bonaparte from advancing into Portugal.
1821  Peru declares independence from Spain, through Jose de San Martin.
1835  Joseph Fieschi and co-plotters attempt an attack on Louis Philippe of France, who survives with slight injuries, though several people are killed.
1858  Fingerprints are used for the first time to prove identity.
William Herschel, Indian Civil service, used Rajyadhar Konai's print on the back of an envelope.
1864  American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church - Confederate forces fail their third attempt to drive Union forces out of Atlanta.
1865  Welsh settlement of Chubut, Argentina, begins.
1866  At age 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest woman to be commissioned by the United States Government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).
1868  The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans citizenship.
1883  The Italian island of Ischia is struck by a powerful earthquake, killing 2,300 people.
1896  The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated.
1914  World War I starts when Austria-Hungary goes to war with Serbia.
1932  US President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, DC.
1933  Spain and the Soviet Union establish diplomatic relations.
1935  First flight of a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
1938  The Hawaii Clipper disappears  between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in the Trans-Pacific China Clipper service.
1942  World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order Number 227 in response to alarming German advances into the Soviet Union.
Under the order, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions, without orders to do so, are to be executed.
1943  World War II: British bombers bomb the city of Hamburg, causing a firestorm which kills around 42,000 people.
1945  A US Army plane crashes into the Empire State Building in New York, killing 14 people.
1947  An ammonium nitrate-loaded ship, Ocean Liberty, explodes in the harbor of Brest, Brittany, France, killing 21 people and injuring over 100.
1957  Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, Kyushu, Japan, kill 992 people.
1965  US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces the increase of US troops in Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
1973  Summer Jam at Watkins Glen:  600,000 people attend a rock music festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.
1976  A strong earthquake, estimated at magnitude 8.2, strikes Tangshan, China.
It kills 242,769 people.
The estimated number of people injured is 164,851.
1977  Spain applies for membership of the European Community.
1981  An earthquake in Iran kills 1,500 people.
1984  The 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, begin.
1987  A rock fall buries the village of Morignone in upper Valtellina, northern Italy, killing 53 people and making 1,500 homeless.
1990  Alberto Fujimori becomes President of Peru.
1991  Miguel Indurain wins his first Tour de France.
1993  Andorra joins the United Nations.
1996  Ivan Milat is found guilty of 7 murders in the Sydney backpacker trial.
1996  Remains of a prehistoric man are discovered in Kennewick, Washington, later known as the Kennewick Man.
2001  Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win 6 gold medals at a single World Championship.
2001  Alejandro Toledo becomes President of Peru.
2005  Tornadoes hit residential areas of Birmingham and Coventry, England, injuring 14 people.
2005  The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to  its 30-year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.
2006  Alan García becomes President of Peru.
2008  The historic Grand Pier in Weston-super-Mare, England, burns down for the second time in 80 years.
2010  A plane crash in the Margalla Hills, near Islamabad, Pakistan, kills 152 people.
2011  Ollanta Humala becomes President of Peru.
2013  Jewels worth 103 million euros are stolen in Cannes, France.
2013  A coach carrying 50 people crashes into a ravine near Avellino, Campania region, Italy, killing 38 people.
It was travelling to nearby Naples when it crashed.
2014  2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow: Host nation Scotland achieves its highest-ever gold medal total at the Commonwealth Games, winning a 12th one with six days of competition remaining.
2016  Pedro Pablo Kuczynski becomes President of Peru.
2016  Hillary Clinton accepts the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States, becoming the first woman to become the candidate of a major US political party.
2017  Nawaz Sharif resigns as Prime Minister of Pakistan after being ruled unfit for office over his family's involvement in the Panama Papers scandal.
2019  Egan Bernal becomes the first Colombian cyclist to win the Tour de France and, at age 22, the youngest cyclist to win it in 110 years.
1165  Ibn Arabi, Spanish sufi (d. 1240)
1347  Margaret of Durazzo (d. 1412)
1456  Jacopo Sannazzaro, Italian poet (d. 1530)
1522  Margaret of Parma (d. 1586)
1609  Judith Leyster, Dutch painter (d. 1660)
1635  Robert Hooke, English polymath (d. 1703)
1643  Antonio Tarsia, Slovenian composer (d. 1722)
1645  Marguerite Louise d'Orleans, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1721)
1746  Thomas Heyward, Jr., American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1809)
1777  William II, Elector of Hesse (d. 1847)
1804  Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (d. 1872)
1815  Stefan Dunjov, Bulgarian military figure (d. 1889)
1844  Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (d. 1889)
1859  Mary Anderson, American actress (d. 1940)
1860  Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (d. 1922)
1860  Elias M. Ammons, 18th Governor of Colorado (d. 1925)
1863  Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian general (d. 1919)
1866  Beatrix Potter, British writer (d. 1943)
1866  Albertson Van Zo Post, American fencer (d. 1938)
1867  Charles Dillon Perrine, American astronomer (d. 1951)
1872  Albert Sarraut, French politician (d. 1962)
1873  Louisa Garrett Anderson, British physician and suffragette (d. 1943)
1874  Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher (d. 1945)
1879  Lucy Burns, American Women's rights activist (d. 1966)
1879  Stefan Filipkiewicz, Polish painter (d. 1944)
1887  Marcel Duchamp, French painter (d. 1968)
1891  Ron Oxenham, Australian cricketer (d. 1939)
1896  Barbara La Marr, American actress (d. 1926)
1901  Harry Bridges, Australian-American labor leader (d. 1990)
1901  Rudy Vallée, American singer (d. 1986)
1901  Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1979)
1902  Albert Namatjira, Australian artist (d. 1959)
1902  Karl Popper, Austrian-British philosopher (d. 1994)
1903  Roger Mynors, British classical philologist (d. 1989)
1904  Selwyn Lloyd, British politician (d. 1978)
1904  Pavel Cherenkov, Russian physicist (d. 1990)
1907  Earl Tupper, American inventor (d. 1983)
1909  Malcolm Lowry, English writer (d. 1957)
1914  Carmen Dragon, American composer (d. 1984)
1915  Charles Hard Townes, American physicist (d. 2015)
1915  Frankie Yankovic, American polka musician (d. 1998)
1916  David Brown, American producer (d. 2010)
1920  Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American movie and television director (d. 2014)
1922  Jacques Piccard, Belgian-Swiss undersea explorer (d. 2008)
1923  Kent Lee, American Vice Admiral (d. 2017)
1924  Irving Burgie, American songwriter (d. 2019)
1925  Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician (d. 2011)
1925  Harry Haddock, Scottish footballer (d. 1998)
1925  Juan Schiaffino, Uruguayan footballer (d. 2002)
1927  Ermes Muccinelli, Italian footballer (d. 1994)
1927  John Ashbery, American poet (d. 2017)
1929  Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (d. 1994)
1930  Jean Roba, Belgian comics writer (d. 2006)
1930  Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (d. 2014)
1931  Karl-Friedrich Haas, German athlete
1933  Charlie Hodge, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2016)
1934  Bud Luckey, American cartoonist, animator, actor and comedian (d. 2018)
1935  Ernie Bowman, American baseball player (d. 2019)
1937  Francis Veber, French director and screenwriter
1937  John Anthony Walker, American naval officer (d. 2014)
1938  Luis Aragonés, Spanish football manager (d. 2014)
1938  Alberto Fujimori, former President of Peru
1938  Chuan Leekpai, Thai politician
1938  Ian McCaskill, Scottish weather forecaster (d. 2016)
1938  Arsen Dedic, Croatian singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
1939  Gösta Ekman, Swedish actor (d. 2017)
1941  Peter Cullen, Canadian voice actor
1941  Michael Mukasey, 81st Attorney General of the United States
1941  Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor
1943  Bill Bradley, American basketball player and politician
1943  Richard Wright, English keyboardist (Pink Floyd) (d. 2008)
1943  Judy Martz, American politician, 22nd Governor of Montana (d. 2017)
1943  Mike Bloomfield, American blues guitarist
1945  Jim Davis, American cartoonist
1946  Jonathan Edwards, American singer-songwriter
1946  Linda Kelsey, American actress
1947  Peter Cosgrove, 26th Governor-General of Australia
1947  Barbara Ferrell, American athlete
1947  Sally Struthers, American actress
1948  Georgia Engel, American actress (d. 2019)
1950  Isidore Battikha, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Homs, Syria
1950  Tom Cotcher, Scottish actor
1951  Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect
1951  Doug Collins, American basketball player and coach
1951  Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, Spanish politician (d. 2019)
1952  Vajiralongkorn, King of Thailand
1954  Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (d. 2013)
1954  Gerd Faltings, German mathematician
1954  Steve Morse, American guitarist
1954  Bruce Abbott, American actor
1955  Nikolay Zimyatov, Russian cross-country skier
1956  Luca Barbareschi, Italian movie and theatre actor, producer and director
1957  Scott Pelley, American journalist
1958  Terry Fox, Canadian athlete (d. 1981)
1958  Michael Hitchcock, American screenwriter, actor and producer
1960  Alexandre Czerniatynski, Belgian footballer
1960  Yoichi Takahashi, Japanese cartoonist
1960  Harald Lesch, German astrophysicist
1960  Jonathan Gold, American food critic (d. 2018)
1961  Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Brazilian director
1961  Yannick Dalmas, French racing driver
1961  Aleksandr Kurlovich, Soviet weight lifter
1964  Lori Loughlin, American actress
1965  Priscilla Chan, Hong Kong singer
1965  Delfeayo Marsalis, American trombonist
1965  Daniela Mercury, Brazilian singer
1966  Miguel Angel Nadal, Spanish footballer
1967  Brent Saulsbury, American musician and composer
1969  Alexis Arquette, American actress (d. 2016)
1969  Garth Snow, American ice hockey player
1970  Michael Amott, Swedish guitarist and songwriter
1970  Isabelle Brasseur, Canadian ice skater
1971  Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi leader of the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
1972  Elizabeth Berkley, American actress
1973  Clara Ng, Indonesian writer
1973  Marc Dupré, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1974  Justin Lee Collins, British comedian
1974  Alexis Tsipras, Greek politician, former Prime Minister of Greece
1975  Leonor Watling, Spanish actress and singer
1977  Emanuel Ginobili, Argentine basketball player
1977  Pascale Bruderer, Swiss politician
1977  Aki Berg, Finnish ice hockey player
1978  Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer, songwriter and guitarist
1979  Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer
1980  Noel Sullivan, Welsh singer and actor (Hear'Say)
1981  Michael Carrick, English footballer
1981  Willie Green, American basketball player and coach
1982  Agusta Eva Erlendsdottir, Icelandic singer and actress
1983  Dhanush, Indian actor and singer
1983  Juan Guaidó, Venezuelan politician
1984  Ali Krieger, American soccer player
1984  Zach Parise, American ice hockey player
1985  Mathieu Debuchy, French footballer
1985  Darren Murphy, Irish footballer
1987  Pedro Rodríguez Ledesma, Spanish footballer
1987  Sumire, Japanese fashion model (d. 2009)
1988  Ayla Brown, American basketball player and coach
1990  Soulja Boy, American rapper
1992  Spencer Boldman, American actor
1993  Hannah Lochner, Canadian actress
1993  Cher Lloyd, English singer and rapper
1993  Harry Kane, English footballer
450  Theodosius II, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1401)
1057  Pope Victor II (b. 1018)
1230  Leopold VI of Austria (b. 1176)
1285  Keran, Queen of Armenia
1527  Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish conquistador (b. 1460)
1540  Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1495)
1614  Felix Platter, Swiss doctor and autobiographical writer (b. 1536)
1631  Guillen de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish playwright (b. 1569)
1655  Cyrano de Bergerac, French poet (b. 1619)
1677  Abraham Cowley, English poet (b. 1618)
1685  Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English statesman (b. 1618)
1718  Etienne Baluze, French scholar (b. 1630)
1741  Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (b. 1678)
1746  John Peter Zenger, American publicist (b. 1697)
1750  Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (b. 1685)
1762  George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, English politician (b. 1691)
1794  Maximilien Robespierre, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1758)
1794  Louis de Saint-Just, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1867)
1794  Georges Couthon, French politician (b. 1755)
1808  Selim III, Ottoman sultan (b. 1762)
1818  Gaspard Monge, French mathematician (b. 1746)
1835  Edouard Mortier, duc de Trevise, French general and politician (b. 1768)
1836  Nathan Mayer Rothschild, English banker and financier (b. 1777)
1842  Clemens Brentano, German poet (b. 1778)
1844  Joseph Bonaparte, older brother of Napoleon I and King of Naples and Spain (b. 1768)
1849  Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)
1850  Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, Austrian businessman and banker (b. 1774)
1869  Jan Evangelista Purkyne, Czech anatomist and physiologist (b. 1787)
1875  Jean Baptista von Schweitzer, German dramatist (b. 1833)
1878  George Law Curry, American politician (b. 1820)
1895  Edward Beecher, American theologian (b. 1803)
1899  Antonio Guzman Blanco, President of Venezuela (b. 1829)
1917  Waldemar Tietgens, German rower (b. 1879)
1930  Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1862)
1930  John DeWitt, American hammer thrower (b. 1881)
1933  Nishinoumi Kajiro III, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1890)
1934  Marie Dressler, actress (b. 1868)
1935  Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871)
1942  William Matthew Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (b. 1853)
1944  Ralph H. Fowler, British astronomer (b. 1889)
1957  Edith Abbott, social worker, educator, and writer (b. 1876)
1965  Edogawa Ranpo, Japanese writer of detective novels (b. 1894)
1965  Sheikh Attallah Suleimat, Jordanian ruler (b. 1875)
1967  Karl W. Richter, American aviator (b. 1942)
1968  Otto Hahn, German chemist, Nobel Prize winner (b. 1879)
1969  Frank Loesser, composer (b. 1910)
1971  Myril Hoag, baseball player (b. 1908)
1972  Helen Traubel, American soprano (b. 1903)
1982  Keith Green, American gospel singer, songwriter, and pianist (b. 1953)
1996  Marguerite "Marge" Ganser, singer (Shangri-Las) (b. 1948)
1997  Seni Pramoj, Thai politician (b. 1905)
1998  Zbigniew Herbert, Polish poet and writer (b. 1924)
1999  Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist (b. 1911)
2000  Abraham Pais, Dutch-American physicist and historian (b. 1918)
2002  Arthur John Porter Martin, English chemist (b. 1910)
2003  Lady Valerie Goulding, Irish Senator and campaigner for the disabled  (b. 1918)
2004  Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist (b. 1938)
2004  Francis Crick, English chemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1916)
2004  Sam Edwards, American actor (b. 1915)
2006  Patrick Allen, British actor (b. 1927)
2008  Suzanne Tamim, Lebanese actress and singer (b. 1977)
2011  Abdul Fatah Younis, Libyan military commander (b. 1944)
2013  Mustafa Adrisi, 3rd Vice President of Uganda (b. 1922)
2013  Ersilio Tonini, Italian cardinal (b. 1914)
2013  Rita Reys, Dutch jazz singer (b. 1924)
2013  William Scranton, American diplomat and politician, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1917)
2013  Eileen Brennan, American actress (b. 1932)
2014  Margot Adler, American writer and journalist (b. 1946)
2014  James Shigeta, American actor (b. 1930)
2014  Yvette Lebon, French actress (b. 1910)
2014  Paul D. McGowan, American politician (b. 1947)
2014  Theodore Van Kirk, American soldier, pilot and navigator (b. 1921)
2014  Monty M. Wyche, American judge (b. 1926)
2015  Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (b. 1954)
2015  Jan Kulczyk, Polish businessman (b. 1950)
2015  David Faber, Polish Holocaust survivor and author (b. 1928)
2016  Mahasweta Devi, Indian writer (b. 1926)
2016  Emile Derlin Zinsou, President of Benin (b. 1918)
2017  Enzo Bettiza, Croatian-Italian novelist, journalist and politician (b. 1927)
2017  Charlie Gard, British infant, focus of life support and parental rights case (b. 2016)
2017  Inder Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1973)
2017  John G. Morris, American photo editor (b. 1916)
2017  Warren Keith Urbom, American judge (b. 1925)
2018  Kora Jackowska, Polish rock music singer and voice actress (b. 1951)
2018  Bruce Lietzke, American golfer (b. 1951)
2019  Eduardo Gómez, Spanish actor and comedian (b. 1951)
2019  George Hilton, Uruguayan-Italian actor (b. 1934)
2019  Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.,
Russian journalist and television host (b. 1959)
2019  Loek van Mil, Dutch baseball player (b. 1984)
2019  Jaipal Reddy, Indian politician (b. 1942)
2019  Ruth de Souza, Brazilian actress (b. 1921)
Peru: Independence Day
Faroe Islands: Eve of the feast day of Saint Olaf.
San Marino: Liberation Day
World Hepatitis Day (after birthday of Baruch Samuel Blumberg)
238 - The Praetorian Guard storm the palace and capture Pupienus and Balbinus, who are then dragged through the streets of Rome and executed.
904 - Sack of Thessaloniki - Saracen raiders under Leo of Tripoli sack Thessaloniki, the Byzantine Empire's second-largest city after a short siege, and plunder it for a week.
1014 - Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine Emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army.
The way he treats 15,000 prisoners is said to have caused Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria to die of a heart attack just over two months later, on October 6.
1030 - Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II of Norway fights and dies trying to regain his Norwegian throne from the Danes.
1565 - Mary, Queen of Scots marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
1567 - King James VI of Scotland, barely a year old, is crowned in the Church of the Holy Rude in Stirling.
1588 – The Spanish Armada is defeated.
1793 - John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto, having sailed into the bay there.
1836 - Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France.
1848 - Tipperary Revolt during the Irish Potato Famine: An unsuccessful national revolt against British rule is put down by police.
1851 - Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
1864 - American Civil War: Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops and detained in Old Capitol Prison, Washington, DC.
1894 - First Sino-Japanese War: Japanese troops defeat Chinese troops in the Battle of Seonghwan.
1899 - The first Hague Convention is signed.
1900 – King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by anarchist Gaetano Bresci.
1907 - Robert Baden-Powell sets up the Brownsea Island Scout Camp in Dorset on the South coast of England.
This is regarded as the founding of the Scouting movement.
1914 - The first transcontinental telephone service begins with first conversation between New York City and San Francisco.
1921 – Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the Nazi Party.
1937 - Tongzhou Incident: In Tongzhou, China, the East Hopei Army attacks Japanese troops and civilians.
1948 - The 1948 Summer Olympics in London begin.
1954 - J. R. R. Tolkien's novel, Lord of the Rings is first published.
1957 - The International Atomic Energy Agency is founded.
1958 - Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1959 - Hawaii holds its first elections to the United States Congress.
It becomes a state on August 21.
1967 - Off North Vietnam the military ship USS Forrestal catches fire, killing 134 people.
1967 – An earthquake strikes Caracas and kills 500 people.
1968 - The Arenal volcano in Costa Rica erupts, destroying settlements in Pueblo Nuevo and Tabacon.
1973 - Most voters in Greece choose to get rid of their monarchy and become a republic.
1973 - At the Dutch Grand Prix, Roger Williamson is killed in the race, after his car hits the barriers at high speed.
1976 – The first victims of the Son of Sam serial killer are murdered.
1980 - The Flag of Iran is modified.
1981 – Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales marry.
1987 - Margaret Thatcher and Francois Mitterrand sign an agreement to build a tunnel under the English Channel.
1987 - Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan Prime Minister J. R. Jayewardene sign the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord on ethnic issues.
1993 - The Israeli Supreme Court acquits John Demjanjuk, who is later found guilty of war crimes.
2004 - Italy decides to get rid of conscription from July 1, 2005.
2005 – The discovery of the dwarf planet Eris is announced.
2006 - Declaration of Montreal for human rights of LGBT is adopted.
2010 - Start of a major flooding disaster in Pakistan.
2010 - A overloaded passenger ferry capsizes on the Kasai River, Bandundu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing over 80 people.
2014 - Israel-Gaza Conflict: Over 100 people in the Gaza Strip are reported to have been killed in a single day.
2015 - Microsoft Windows 10 launches.
2018 - Geraint Thomas becomes the first Welsh cyclist to win the Tour de France.
2019 - A prison riot in Altamira, Pará, Brazil, results in 57 people being killed.
1166 - Henry II, Count of Champagne, King of Jerusalem (d. 1197)
1356 - Martin of Aragon (d. 1410)
1580 - Francesco Mochi, Italian sculptor (d. 1654)
1605 - Simon Dach, German poet (d. 1659)
1793 - Jan Kollar, Slovakian writer (d. 1852)
1794 - Thomas Corwin, Governor of Ohio (d. 1865)
1796 - Christian Winther, Danish writer and poet (d. 1876)
1801 – George Bradshaw, English publisher (d. 1853)
1805 – Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian and political scientist (d. 1859)
1814 - Hermann Bonitz, German philosopher (d. 1888)
1817 - Ivan Aivazovsky, Armenian-Russian painter (d. 1900)
1817 - Wilhelm Griesinger, German psychiatrist (d. 1868)
1825 - George Pendleton, American legislator (d. 1889)
1836 - Wilhelm Kress, Austrian aviation pioneer (d. 1913)
1841 – Gerhard Armauer Hansen, Norwegian doctor and scientist (d. 1912)
1843 – Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (d. 1901)
1846 - Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (d. 1921)
1846 - Sophie Menter, German pianist and composer (d. 1918)
1849 – Max Nordau, writer, philosopher and Zionist leader (d. 1923)
1860 - Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, Governor of Queensland (d. 1940)
1865 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (d. 1936)
1869 – Booth Tarkington, writer (d. 1946)
1874 – James Shaver Woodsworth, Methodist minister, social worker, and politician (d. 1942)
1876 – Maria Ouspenskaya, actress (d. 1949)
1878 – Don Marquis, writer (d. 1937)
1879 - Giuseppe Garibaldi II, Italian adventurer (d. 1950)
1883 – Benito Mussolini, Italian dictator (d. 1945)
1883 – Porfirio Barba-Jacob, Colombian poet and writer (d. 1942)
1884 – Ralph A. Bard, U.S. Navy Under Secretary (d. 1975)
1885 - Theda Bara, American silent movie actress (d. 1955)
1887 – Sigmund Romberg, composer (d. 1951)
1888 - Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (d. 1982)
1889 - Ernst Reuter, German politician (d. 1953)
1891 - Bernhard Zondek, German-Israeli gynecologist (d. 1966)
1892 – William Powell, actor (d. 1984)
1897 – Sir Neil Ritchie, British general (d. 1983)
1898 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, Hungarian-born American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
1900 – Eyvind Johnson, Swedish writer (d. 1976)
1900 - Don Redman, American composer and bandleader (d. 1964)
1904 - Mahasi Sayadaw, Burmese Buddhist monk and meditation master (d. 1982)
1904 - J. R. D. Tata, French-Indian pilot and businessman (d. 1993)
1905 – Clara Bow, American actress (d. 1965)
1905 – Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish UN Secretary-General (d. 1961)
1905 – Thelma Todd, American actress (d. 1935)
1905 – Stanley Kunitz, American poet (d. 2006)
1906 – Diana Vreeland, fashion editor (d. 1989)
1907 – Melvin Belli, lawyer and actor (d. 1996)
1911 - Foster Furcolo, 60th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1995)
1913 - Erich Priebke, German SS officer (d. 2013)
1914 - Irwin Corey, American comedian, actor and activist (d. 2017)
1915 - Francis W. Sargent, 64th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1998)
1916 - Rupert Hamer, Australian politician, 39th Premier of Victoria (d. 2004)
1917 - Rochus Misch, German SS officer (d. 2013)
1921 - Richard Egan, American actor (d. 1987)
1921 - Chris Marker, French movie maker (d. 2012)
1923 - Edgar Cortright, American scientist and engineer (d. 2014)
1923 - Jim Marshall, English founder of Marshall Amplification (d. 2012)
1924 – Lloyd Bochner, Canadian actor (d. 2005)
1924 - Robert Horton, American actor (d. 2016)
1925 – Mikis Theodorakis, Greek composer and political activist
1926 – Don Carter, bowler
1927 - Harry Mulisch, Dutch writer (d. 2010)
1929 – Julio Botelho, Brazilian footballer (d. 2003)
1930 – Paul Taylor, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2018)
1932 – Nancy Landon Kassebaum Baker, U.S. Senator
1933 - Lou Albano, American professional wrestling manager (d. 2009)
1933 - Robert Fuller, American actor
1934 - Albert Speer Jr., German architect and urban planner (d. 2017)
1935 – Peter Schreier, German tenor
1936 – Elizabeth Dole, former United States Senator
1937 – Daniel McFadden, American economist
1937 – Ryutaro Hashimoto, former Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2006)
1938 – Peter Jennings, Canadian-American television news anchor (d. 2005)
1938 - Klaus Töpfer, German politician
1940 - Ole Lund Kirkegaard, Danish children's book author (d. 1979)
1941 – David Warner, actor
1942 - Fitzhugh Mullan, American physician and medical writer (d. 2019)
1942 – Tony Sirico, American actor
1943 – David Taylor, English snooker player
1945 – Mircea Lucescu, Romanian football manager
1945 - Sharon Creech, American author
1946 - Neal Doughty, American musician
1947 - Bill Forsyth, Scottish movie director
1949 – Vida Blue, American Major League Baseball player
1949 – Jamil Mahuad, former President of Ecuador
1949 – Marilyn Quayle, wife of former US Vice President Dan Quayle
1949 - Sergio Martini, Italian mountaineer
1950 - Jenny Holzer, American conceptual artist
1951 – Susan Blackmore, British writer, lecturer and psychologist
1951 - Jack Blessing, American actor (d. 2017)
1951 - Dean Pitchford, American songwriter, movie maker and journalist
1952 - Norman Blackwell, Baron Blackwell, English businessman and politician
1953 – Ken Burns, American television producer and director
1953 – Geddy Lee, musician (Rush)
1953 - Patti Scialfa, rock singer
1953 - Tim Gunn, American television presenter
1955 - Stephen Timms, English politician
1955 - Eusèbe Jaojoby, Malagasy composer and singer
1956 - Ronnie Musgrove, 62nd Governor of Mississippi
1957 - Liam Davison, Australian novelist (d. 2014)
1957 – Nellie Kim, Soviet-Russian gymnast
1957 - Viktor Gavrikov, Lithuanian-Swiss chess player
1957 - Ulrich Tukur, German actor and musician
1958 - Piero Marazzo, Italian journalist and politician
1959 – Ruud Janssen, teacher, writer, and artist
1959 – Sanjay Dutt, Indian actor
1963 – Graham Poll, English football referee
1965 – Chang-Rae Lee, writer
1966 – Martina McBride, American country singer
1966 – Sally Gunnell, British athlete
1966 - Richard Steven Horvitz, American voice actor
1967 – Matthew C. Henderson, American actor and baseball player
1968 - Paavo Lötjönen, Finnish cellist
1969 - Joel Fan, American pianist
1971 - Lisa Ekdahl, Swedish singer
1972 – Wil Wheaton, American actor
1973 – Stephen Dorff, American actor
1974 - Josh Radnor, American actor
1974 – Steve-O, American musician and actor
1977 – Danger Mouse, American DJ
1979 – Abs Breen, singer
1980 - Rachel Miner, American actress
1980 – Fernando González, Chilean tennis player
1981 - Troy Perkins, American soccer player
1981 – Fernando Alonso, Spanish race car driver
1982 - Allison Mack, American actress
1982 - Prince Azim of Brunei
1983 - Alexei Kaigorodov, Russian ice hockey player
1984 - Oh Beom-Seok, South Korean footballer
1984 – Hanna Bessenova, Ukrainian gymnast
1984 – Wilson Palacios, Honduran footballer
1984 - Viktoria Tolstoy, Swedish jazz singer
1988 - Alexander Lee Eusebio, Hong Kong-South Korean singer
1988 - Sabrina van der Donk, Dutch model
1990 - Shin Se-kyung, South Korean actress
1990 - Valentina Golubenko, Russian-Croatian chess player
1990 - Matt Prokop, American actor
1990 - Joey Essex, English television personality
1993 - Dak Prescott, American football player
1998 - Anna Murashige, Japanese singer
238 – Pupienus and Balbinus, Roman emperors (assassinated)
1030 – King Olaf II of Norway (b. 995)
1099 – Pope Urban II (b. 1042)
1095 - King Ladislaus I of Hungary (b. 1040)
1108 – King Philip I of France (b. 1081)
1507 – Martin Behaim, navigator and geographer (b. 1459)
1573 - John Caius, English physician (b. 1510)
1644 – Pope Urban VIII (b. 1568)
1694 - Sufi, Shah of Persia (b. 1647)
1781 - Johann Kies, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1713)
1833 – William Wilberforce, campaigner against slavery (b. 1759)
1844 – Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer (b. 1791)
1856 – Robert Schumann, German composer (b. 1810)
1857 - Charles Lucien Bonaparte, French zoologist and ornithologist (b. 1803)
1887 - Agostino Depretis, 9th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1813)
1890 – Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (b. 1853)
1895 - Floriano Peixoto, 2nd President of Brazil (b. 1839)
1900 – King Umberto I of Italy (b. 1844)
1913 - Tobias Asser, Dutch writer (b. 1838)
1918 - Ernest William Christmas, Australian painter (b. 1863)
1924 - Sotirios Krokidas, Greek law professor and acting Prime Minister (b. 1852)
1934 - Didier Pitre, French-Canadian ice hockey (b. 1883)
1938 - Nikolai Krylenko, Russian lawyer, jurist and politician (b. 1885)
1951 - Ali Sami Yen, Turkish sports official (b. 1886)
1954 – Coen de Koning, Dutch speed skater (b. 1879)
1956 - Ludwig Klages, German philosopher and psychologist (b. 1872)
1960 - Robert P. Bass, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1873)
1966 - Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, Nigerian military leader (b. 1924)
1970 – John Barbirolli, conductor (b. 1899)
1970 – George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)
1973 - Roger Williamson, racing driver (b. 1948)
1974 – Mama Cass Elliot, American musician (b. 1941)
1974 – Erich Kästner, German writer (b. 1899)
1979 – Bill Todman, American game show producer (b. 1916)
1981 – Robert Moses, New York public works official (b. 1888)
1982 – Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (b. 1889)
1983 – David Niven, British actor (b. 1910)
1983 – Raymond Massey, Canadian actor (b. 1896)
1983 – Luis Buñuel, Spanish director (b. 1900)
1984 – Fred Waring, band leader, inventor (b. 1900)
1990 – Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (b. 1911)
1992 - Michel Larocque, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1952)
1994 - Dorothy Hodgkin, British chemist (b. 1910)
1995 - Severino Varela, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1913)
2001 – Edward Gierek, Polish politician (b. 1913)
2001 – Wau Holland, German hacker (b. 1951)
2003 – Foday Sankoh, Sierra Leonean rebel leader (b. 1937)
2004 – Rena Vlahopoulou, Greek comedienne and actress (b. 1923)
2007 – Mike Reid, British actor (b. 1940)
2007 - Michel Serrault, French actor (b. 1928)
2007 - Tom Snyder, American television personality (b. 1936)
2010 – Zheng Ji, Chinese nutritionist and biochemist (b. 1900)
2013 - Christian Benítez, Ecuadorean footballer (b. 1986)
2014 - M. Caldwell Butler, American politician (b. 1925)
2014 - Giorgio Gaslini, Italian jazz pianist and composer (b. 1929)
2014 - Jon R. Cavaiani, American soldier (b. 1943)
2014 - Idris Muhammad, American jazz musician (b. 1939)
2014 - Péter Kiss, Hungarian politician (b. 1959)
2014 - María Antonia Iglesias, Spanish writer (b. 1945)
2015 - Peter O'Sullevan, Irish-British horse racing commentator (b. 1918)
2016 - Lucille Dumont, Canadian singer and television host (b. 1919)
2017 - Yuri Alekseevich Ryzhov, Soviet-Russian scientist and politician (b. 1930)
2017 - Redha Malek, Algerian politician, Prime Minister of Algeria (b. 1931)
2017 - Charley Marouani, Tunisian impresario and celebrity agent (b. 1926)
2017 - Olivier Strebelle, Belgian sculptor (b. 1927)
2017 - Stephen T. Worland, American economist (b. 1923)
2018 - Hans Kristian Amundsen, Norwegian politician and newspaper editor (b. 1959)
2018 - Brickhouse Brown, American professional wrestler (b. 1960)
2018 - Brian Christopher, American professional wrestler (b. 1972)
2018 - Ron Dellums, American politician (b. 1935)
2018 - Abbas Duzduzani, Iranian politician (b. 1942)
2018 - Vibeke Skofterud, Norwegian cross-country skier (b. 1980)
2018 - Nikolai Volkoff, Croatian-American professional wrestler (b. 1947)
2019 - Egil Danielsen, Norwegian javelin thrower (b. 1933)
2019 - Enrique Lafourcade, Chilean writer, critic and journalist (b. 1927)
2019 - Mona-Liisa Nousiainen, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1983)
2019 - Tuvya Ruebner, Israeli poet and translator (b. 1924)
Olavsoka, feast day of Olaf II of Norway - Faroe Islands
International Tiger Day
National Anthem Day (Romania)
National Thai language Day (Thailand)
811  Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian city of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasure.
1148  Crusades: A Crusader army starts a Siege of Damascus, lasting until July 28.
1793  The Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
1632  300 colonists leave for New France from Dieppe, France.
1677  Scanian War: Denmark-Norway captures the harbour town of Marstrand from Sweden
1783  Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
1829  In the US William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor of the typewriter.
1840  The Province of Canada is created in an Act of Union.
1862  American Civil War: Henry Halleck takes command of the Union army.
1871  Austria-Hungary decides to use the metric system.
The change becomes effective on January 1, 1876.
1881  Chile and Argentina agree on their territories in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia.
1903  The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
1914  World War I: Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Serbia does not meet Austria-Hungary's terms and war is declared on July 28.
1921  The Communist Party of China (CPC) launched the first time of Chinese National Congress, Communist party in China are established.
1927  The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company goes on the air in Bombay.
1929  The Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign words.
1930  A magnitude 6.7 earthquake in Italy kills 1,425 people.
1936  The Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of the Socialist and Communist Parties.
1940  United States Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration that the United States will not recognize the Soviet Union's annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1942  Holocaust: Treblinka Extermination Camp is opened.
1942  World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin.
1942  World War II: Bulgarian poet and Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by a firing squad.
1943  World War II: British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean Sea after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland.
1952  King Farouk I of Egypt is removed in a coup and a Republic is declared.
1961  The Sandinista Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua.
1962  Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted Transatlantic TV programme, featuring Walter Cronkite.
1967  A riot in Detroit leaves 43 people dead and 342 injured.
1968  The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, en route from Lod, Israel.
1970  Sultan Qaboos of Oman removes his father, Sultan Sa'id ibn Taimur, in a bloodless coup.
1972  The United States launches Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources satellite.
1974  Constantine Karamanlis is invited to form the government of Greece after the fall of the military junta.
1976  Mario Soares is elected Prime Minister of Portugal.
1982  The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985 or 1986.
1983  The Sri Lankan Civil War begins.
1985  The Amiga computer is presented for the first time, in New York City.
Celebrities such as Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry are present at the event.
1986  Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson.
Their marriage later ends in divorce.
1988  General Ne Win, effective military ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.
1992  Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
1995  Comet Hale-Bopp is discovered.
1999  Mohammed VI becomes King of Morocco.
1999  ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.
2001  As a result of a finance scandal, President of Indonesia Abdurrahman Wahid is forced out of office.
Megawati Sukarnoputri succeeds him.
2004  The Stari Most (Old Bridge) in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, is re-opened.
It had been destroyed during the Balkan War.
2005  Three bombs explode at Sharm-el-Sheikh in Egypt, killing 88 people.
2011  A train crash on the high-speed rail line between Beijing and Shanghai kills 40 people.
2011  British singer Amy Winehouse is found dead in her London home.
2012  A major solar storm begins, which narrowly misses Earth.
2014  The 2014 Commonwealth Games, taking place in Glasgow, Scotland, begin.
2015  NASA announces the discovery of the planet Kepler 452b by the Kepler probe.
It is believed to be the most Earth-like planet to have been discovered.
2016  A bomb attack on a protest in Kabul, Afghanistan, kills 80 people.
2018  A dam in southern Laos breaks, killing at least 26 people and leaving over 130 missing.
2018  Massive wildfires break out in the Attica region of Greece, killing at least 85 people.
2019  Boris Johnson becomes leader of the British Conservative Party, having defeated Jeremy Hunt in the leadership election; he becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom the next day.
2021  2020 Summer Olympics open in Tokyo.
645  Yazid I, Arabian Caliph (d. 683)
1301  Otto, Duke of Austria (d. 1339)
1339  King Louis I of Naples (d. 1384)
1401  Francesco I Sforza, Italian ruler (d. 1466)
1503  Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1547)
1649  Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)