the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
1925 - Hans Rosenthal, German radio and television presenter (d. 1987)
1926 - Jack Brabham, Australian racing driver (d. 2014)
1927 – Carmen Basilio, American boxer (d. 2012)
1927 – Ferenc Puskas, Hungarian footballer (d. 2006)
1927 - Rembert Weakland, former Archbishop of Milwaukee
1927 - Howard H. Callaway, American politician (d. 2014)
1927 - Ken Sansom, American actor (d. 2012)
1927 - Billy Pierce, American baseball player (d. 2015)
1927 - Rita Gam, American actress (d. 2016)
1928 - Joseph Bernardin, American cardinal (d. 1996)
1928 - Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Senegalese writer
1928 – Serge Gainsbourg, French singer, songwriter, actor and director (d. 1991)
1929 - Hans Koschnick, German politician (d. 2016)
1932 – Edward Egan, American Roman Catholic cardinal and former Archbishop of New York City (d. 2015)
1933 - György Konrád, Hungarian writer (d. 2019)
1934 - Richard Portman, American sound engineer (d. 2017)
1934 - Carl Kasell, American radio journalist and quiz show judge (d. 2018)
1936 - Shaul Ladany, Israeli Olympic race walker
1936 - Cynthia Lynn, American actress (d. 2014)
1938 - John Larsson, Swedish 17th General of the Salvation Army
1938 - Booker Little, American trumpeter and composer (d. 1961)
1939 – Marvin Gaye, American singer (d. 1984)
1939 - Lise Thibault, Quebec politician
1940 – Penelope Keith, British actress
1940 - Donald Jackson, Canadian figure skater
1940 - Mike Hailwood, English motorcycle racer and racing driver (d. 1981)
1941 – Dr. Demento, American radio presenter
1942 – Leon Russell, American pianist and conductor (d. 2016)
1942 - Roshan Seth, Indian-English actor
1943 - Tom Polanic, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2019)
1944 - Francisco Massiani, Venezuelan writer and painter (d. 2019)
1945 - Don Sutton, American baseball player
1945 - Linda Hunt, American actress
1946 - Sue Townsend, English novelist (d. 2014)
1946 - Kurt Winter, Canadian guitarist (d. 1997)
1947 - Emmylou Harris, American singer
1947 - Camille Paglia, American author
1947 - Tua Forsström, Finnish writer
1947 - Paquita la del Barrio, Mexican singer
1948 - Bob Lienhard, American basketball player (d. 2018)
1949 - Paul Gambaccini, American-British radio and television presenter
1952 – Leon Wilkeson, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 2001)
1953 - Krzysztof Krauze, Polish movie director, cinematographer and actor (d. 2014)
1954 - Gregory Abbott, American singer-songwriter and producer
1954 - Donald Petrie, American director
1957 - Barbara Jordan, American tennis player
1959 - David Frankel, American director, screenwriter and producer
1959 - Badou Ezzaki, Moroccan footballer and coach
1959 – Juha Kankkunen, Finnish rally driver
1960 – Linford Christie, British athlete
1961 – Christopher Meloni, American actor
1961 – Keren Woodward, British singer (Bananarama)
1962 - Pierre Carles, French director and producer
1962 - Clark Gregg, American actor, director and screenwriter
1963 - Shane Barbi and Sia Barbi, American models, writers and animal rights activists
1963 - Mike Gascoyne, British engineer
1965 – Rodney King, American victim of police brutality (d. 2012)
1965 - David Gamkrelidze, Georgian politician
1966 – Teddy Sheringham, English footballer
1967 - Greg Camp, American musician
1967 - Renée Estevez, American actress
1969 - Ajay Devgan, Indian actor, director and producer
1971 - Todd Woodbridge, Australian tennis player
1971 – Edmundo, Brazilian footballer
1971 – Zeebra, Japanese rapper
1973 – Tine Wittler, German actress and writer
1975 – Adam Rodriguez, American actor
1977 – Michael Fassbender, German-Irish actor
1977 - Annett Louisan, German singer
1977 - Aiden Turner, British actor
1977 - Nicki Pedersen, Danish speedway rider
1978 - Grisella Siciliani, Argentine actress and singer
1979 - Lindy Booth, Canadian actress
1979 – Jesse Carmichael, American musician (Maroon 5)
1980 – Carlos Salcido, Mexican footballer
1980 – Adam Fleming, Scottish journalist
1981 – Michael Clarke, Australian cricketer
1981 - Kapil Sharma, Indian comedian
1981 - Bethany Joy Lenz, American actress, singer and filmmaker
1982 – Marco Amelia, Italian footballer
1982 – David Ferrer, Spanish tennis player
1982 - Jack Evans, American professional wrestler
1983 - Felix Borja, Ecuadorean footballer
1983 - Arthur Boka, Ivory Coast footballer
1983 - Laura Carmine Puerto, Puerto Rican-Mexican actress
1983 – Paul Capdeville, Chilean tennis player
1984 - Meryl Cassie, South African-New Zealand actress
1985 - Gordon Aikman, Scottish ALS campaigner (d. 2017)
1985 - Thom Evans, Scottish rugby player
1985 – Stéphane Lambiel, Swiss figure skater
1986 – Ibrahim Afellay, Dutch footballer
1986 – Lee DeWyze, American singer
1986 - Drew Van Acker, American actor
1986 - R3hab, Dutch DJ and record producer
1987 - Molly Smitten-Downes, English singer
1987 - Dalma Maradona, Argentine actress
1988 - Francesca Catalano, American actress
1990 - Yevgeniya Kanayeva, Russian gymnast
1990 - Miralem Pjanic, footballer from Bosnia and Herzegovina
1993 - Aaron Kelly, American singer
1993 - Bruno Zuculini, Argentine footballer
1118 – Baldwin I of Jerusalem (b. 1058)
1305 - Joan I of Navarre (b. 1273)
1506 – Prince Arthur Tudor of England (b. 1486)
1507 - Francis of Paola, Italian friar and saint (b. 1416)
1640 - Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, Polish writer and poet (b. 1595)
1657 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1608)
1709 - Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian painter (b. 1639)
1720 - Joseph Dudley, English Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1647)
1742 - James Douglas, Scottish physician and anatomist (b. 1675)
1791 - Henri Gabriel Riqueti, French statesman (b. 1749)
1803 – Sir James Montgomery, 1st Baronet, Scottish politician and judge (b. 1721)
1817 – Johann Heinrich Jung, German writer (b. 1740)
1827 – Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician and naturalist (b. 1776)
1872 – Samuel F. B. Morse, American inventor (b. 1791)
1894 - Achille Vianelli, Italian painter (b. 1803)
1914 – Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse, German writer (b. 1830)
1922 – Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychologist (b. 1884)
1928 – Theodore William Richards, American chemist (b. 1868)
1930 – Empress Zauditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876)
1933 - Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer (b. 1872)
1948 - Sabahattin Ali, Turkish novelist, writer, poet and journalist (b. 1907)
1951 – Simon Barere, Russian pianist (b. 1896)
1958 – Tudor Davies, Welsh operatic tenor (b. 1892)
1972 - Gil Hodges, American baseball player and manager (b. 1924)
1972 – Toshitsugu Takamatsu, Japanese martial arts grandmaster (b. 1887)
1974 – Georges Pompidou, President of France (b. 1911)
1987 – Buddy Rich, American jazz drummer and bandleader (b. 1917)
1992 – Juan Gomez Gonzalez, Spanish footballer (b. 1954)
1994 – Betty Furness, American actress (b. 1916)
1995 – Hannes Alfvén, Swedish physicist (b. 1908)
1998 – Rob Pilatus, American model, dancer and singer (b. 1965)
2001 – Jennifer Syme, American actress (b. 1972)
2005 – Pope John Paul II (b. 1920)
2006 – Nina von Stauffenberg, widow of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (b. 1914)
2007 – Paul Reed, American actor (b. 1909)
2012 - Elizabeth Catlett, American-Mexican artist and sculptor (b. 1915)
2013 - Jesus Franco, Spanish movie director, writer, cinematographer and actor (b. 1930)
2013 - Jane Henson, American puppeteer and voice actress (b. 1934)
2013 - Milo O'Shea, Irish-American actor (b. 1926)
2013 - Maria Redaelli, Italian supercentenarian (b. 1899)
2014 - Urs Widmer, Swiss writer (b. 1938)
2014 - Carl Epting Mundy, Jr., American military officer (b. 1935)
2014 - Richard Brick, American movie producer (b. 1945)
2014 - Glyn Jones, South African actor, writer and director (b. 1931)
2014 - Lucy Hood, American television executive (b. 1958)
2014 - Consuelo Moure, Colombian actress (b. 1947)
2014 - Joseph Willaert, Belgian painter (b. 1936)
2015 - Luis Delgado Aparicio, Peruvian politician (b. 1940)
2015 - Manoel de Oliveira, Portuguese movie director and screenwriter (b. 1908)
2015 - Rudolph R. Perz, American advertising executive (b. 1925)
2015 - Olga Sawicka, Polish dancer and choreographer (b. 1932)
2015 - Robert H. Schuller, American televangelist (b. 1926)
2015 - Steve Stevaert, Belgian politician (b. 1954)
2015 - Doug Sax, American audio engineer (b. 1936)
2015 - Abdelhadi Tazi, Moroccan scholar and diplomat (b. 1921)
2016 - Gato Barbieri, Argentine musician and bandleader (b. 1932)
2016 - Gallieno Ferri, Italian comic book artist (b. 1929)
2016 - Boris Hybner, Czech actor and mime artist (b. 1941)
2016 - Amber Rayne, American pornographic actress (b. 1984)
2017 - Kenneth J. Donnelly, American politician (b. 1950)
2017 - Leonard Litwin, American real estate developer (b. 1914)
2018 - Susan Anspach, American actress (b. 1942)
2018 - Morris Halle, Latvian-American linguist (b. 1923)
2018 - Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, South African activist (b. 1936)
2019 - Jamshid Mashayekhi, Iranian actor (b. 1934)
2019 - J. Mahendran, Indian film director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1939)
2019 - Don Williamson, American businessman and politician (b. 1934)
International Children's Book Day - Birthday of Hans Christian Andersen
Malvinas Day (Argentina)
April 02
1066 – Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings – In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the Norman invasion forces of William the Conqueror defeat the English army and kill King Harold II of England.
1322 - Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.
1582 – Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1586 - Mary, Queen of Scots goes on trial for conspiracy against Queen Elizabeth I of England.
1651 – Laws are passed in Massachusetts forbidding poor people from adopting excessive styles of dress.
1656 – Massachusetts enacts the first punitive legislation against Quakers.
The marriage of church-and-state in Puritanism makes them regard the ritual-free Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically subversive.
1773 – The first recorded ministry of education, the Commission of National Education, is formed in Poland.
1773 – American Revolutionary War: Britain's East India Company tea ships' cargo is burned at Annapolis, Maryland.
1806 – Battle of Jena-Auerstädt.
1808 - The Republic of Ragusa is annexed by France.
1812 – A digest of Pennsylvania laws could not bring itself to print the word "buggery," instead printing it as "B_GG__Y."
1812 – Work on London's Regent's Canal starts.
1813 - Bavaria declares war on France.
1834 – In Philadelphia, Whigs and Democrats stage a gun, stone and brick battle for control of a Moyamensing Township election, resulting in one death, several injuries, and the burning down of a block of buildings.
1835 – John Templeton, John Moore, Stanley Cuthbart and Ellen Ritchie were charged in Wheeling, Virginia with illegally teaching blacks to read.
1840 – Maronite leader Bashir II surrenders to the British forces and goes into exile in Malta.
1843 - The British arrest Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell for conspiracy to commit crimes.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Bristol Station – Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union Army out of Virginia.
1865 – Cheyennes and Arapahos signed a treaty with the U.S. at a camp on the Little Arkansas River in Kansas.
However, none of the parties to the treaty abided by it.
1878 - The first football match under flood lights is played in Sheffield, England.
1881 – 189 fisherman are killed in a storm off Eyemouth, Scotland.
1882 - The University of the Punjab is founded in a part of India that is now part of Pakistan.
1888 - French inventor Louis Le Prince films the "Roundhay Garden Scene", the earliest-surviving motion picture in Roundhay, Leeds, England.
1910 - The English aviator Claude Graham-White lands his Farman biplane on the Executive Avenue near the White House in Washington, DC.
1912 – While campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, former US President Theodore Roosevelt is shot by saloonkeeper William Schrank.
With a fresh flesh wound and the bullet still in him, Roosevelt still delivers his scheduled speech.
1913 - The Senghennydd Colliery disaster kills 439 people in South Wales.
It is the UK's worst mining disaster.
1913 – The New Mexico Supreme Court upholds a sodomy conviction.
Ex Parte DeVore, 136 P. 47.
1915 - World War I: The Kingdom of Bulgaria joins with the Central Powers.
1916 – Sophomore tackle and guard Paul Robeson is excluded from the Rutgers football team when Washington and Lee Universities refuse to play against a black person.
1920 - Part of Petsamo Province is ceded by the Soviet Union to Finland.
1925 - Anti-French uprising in French-occupied Damascus, Syria.
1926 – The children's book Winnie-the-Pooh, by A. A. Milne, is first published.
1927 – The California Court of Appeals, in upholding a sodomy conviction, rules that corroborative evidence could be circumstantial in nature.
1933 - Nazi Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
1939 – World War II: The German U-boat U 47 sinks the battleship HMS Royal Oak in Scapa Flow, Orkney.
1940 - The Balham Underground Station Disaster occurs in London during the Luftwaffe raids on the city.
1942 - Canadian passenger ferry Caribou is torpedoed off Newfoundland by German U-boat U-69.
1943 - José P. Laurel becomes President of the Philippines.
1944 – World War II: Given the choice between a public treason trial and a certain death by firing squad or suicide with honor, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel chooses the latter.
1947 – Chuck Yeager flies a Bell X-1 faster than the speed of sound, the first man to do so in level flight.
1949 – Eleven leaders of the U.S. Communist Party are convicted, after a nine-month trial, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. government.
Ten defendants are sentenced to 5 years in prison each, and the eleventh to 3 years.
The Supreme Court upheld the convictions on June 4, 1951.
1952 - Korean War: UN and South Korean forces launch Operation Showdown against Chinese strongholds in the Iron Triangle, resulting in the deadliest battle of 1952.
1953 – The Qibya massacre was carried out by Israeli troops in a West Bank village.
1955 - Jim Henson creates Kermit the Frog.
1955 - Vienna's Burgtheater theatre re-opens, after World War II.
1957 - Elizabeth II opens an annual session of Canada's parliament.
1958 – The Anshai Emath Reform Jewish Temple in Peoria, Illinois was damaged by a crude bomb.
1958 – The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site.
1958 – The District of Columbia Bar Association votes to accept black Americans as members.
1960 – U.S. presidential candidate John F. Kennedy first suggests the idea for the Peace Corps.
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis begins: A U-2 flight over Cuba takes photos of Soviet nuclear weapons being installed.
1964 – Leonid Brezhnev becomes general secretary of the CPSU and leader of the Soviet Union, ousting Nikita Khrushchev.
1964 – American civil rights movement leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
1966 – The city of Montreal inaugurates its metro system (see Montreal Metro).
1967 – Vietnam War: Folk singer Joan Baez is arrested in a blockade of the military induction center in Oakland, California.
1968 – Vietnam War: 27 soldiers are arrested at the Presidio in San Francisco for their peaceful protest of stockade conditions and the Vietnam War.
Charged with mutiny, their long prison sentences are later reduced to two years.
1968 – Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the United States Army and United States Marines will be sending about 24,000 troops back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours.
1969 - Olof Palme becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
1969 - The United Kingdom introduces the 50 pence coin.
1970 – The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site.
1971 – Two people are killed in a Memphis, Tennessee race riot.
1971 – The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site.
1973 - In the Thammasat Student Uprising over 100,000 people in Thailand protest against the Thanom Kittikachorn military government.
77 are killed and 857 are injured by soldiers.
1979 – The first Gay Rights March on Washington, D.C. demands "an end to all social, economic, judicial, and legal oppression of lesbian and gay people," drawing 200,000 people.
1981 – Citing official misconduct in the investigation and trial, Amnesty International charges the U.S. government with holding Richard Marshall of the American Indian Movement as a political prisoner.
1981 – Vice President Hosni Mubarak is elected President of Egypt one week after Anwar Sadat was assassinated.
1982 - Ronald Reagan declares War on Drugs.
1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and later executed in a military coup d'état.
1985 – U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese says in U.S. News & World Report, "If a person is innocent of a crime, then he is not a suspect."
1987 – 18-month-old Jessica McClure ("Baby Jessica") falls down an abandoned well in Midland, Texas (her nationally televised rescue takes 58 hours).
1991 – Aung San Suu Kyi wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
1994 – Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat win the Nobel Peace Prize.
1998 – Eric Robert Rudolph is charged with 6 bombings including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.
1999 – The South Carolina Supreme Court rules that the video poker machines in the state must be unplugged by June 30, 2000.
2001 – Delta Flight 458 from Atlanta to Newark, New Jersey, is diverted to Charlotte-Douglas International Airport, and passengers are taken off the flight while officials investigate a report of two "Middle Eastern men" making threats in a foreign tongue.
It turned out to be two Orthodox Jews who were praying peacefully.
2003 – Gyude Bryant becomes interim President of Liberia.
2006 - The UN imposes sanctions against North Korea for its nuclear weapons test on October 9.
2010 - Mark Rutte becomes Prime Minister of the Netherlands.
2010 - The 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi end.
2012 - Felix Baumgartner becomes the first person to free-fall faster than the speed of sound, as he jumps from the stratosphere over Roswell, New Mexico.
2017 - A bomb attack in Somalia's capital Mogadishu kills over 350 people.
2017 - The first commercial flight lands on the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, coming from Johannesburg (South Africa) via Windhoek (Namibia).
2019 - Esther Duflo becomes the youngest and second female winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, sharing it with Abhijit Banerjee and Michael Kremer.
2019 - In Spain, long jail sentences are given to several politicians from Catalonia for their part in planning the Catalan independence referendum, 2017.
2019 - 2019 Chilean protests: Major protests begin in Chile over fuel and transport prices and inequality.
1254 – King Przemysl II of Poland (d. 1296)
1404 – Marie of Anjou, Queen of France (d. 1463)
1465 - Konrad Peutinger, German jurist and humanist (d. 1547)
1493 - Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese daimyo (d. 1568)
1542 – Akbar the Great, Mughal Emperor (d. 1605)
1630 – Sophia of Hanover, heir to the British throne (d. 1714)
1633 – King James II of England/James VII of Scotland (d. 1701)
1634 – Emperor Bahadur Shah I of India (d. 1712)
1641 - Joachim Tielke, German instrument maker (d. 1719)
1644 – William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania (d. 1718)
1712 – George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1770)
1784 – King Ferdinand VII of Spain (d. 1833)
1790 - Thursday October Christian I, son of Fletcher Christian (d. 1831)
1801 – Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist and photo pioneer (d. 1883)
1801 - Armand Trousseau, French economist (d. 1867)
1806 - Preston King, American politician (d. 1865)
1824 - Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli, French painter (d. 1886)
1840 - Dmitry Pisarev, Russian author (d. 1868)
1844 - John See, English-Australian politician, 14th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1907)
1853 - Ciprian Porumbescu, Ukrainian-Romanian composer (d. 1883)
1856 - Louis Gustave Binger, French explorer (d. 1936)
1859 - Camille Chevillard, French composer and conductor (d. 1923)
1872 - Reginald Doherty, English tennis player (d. 1910)
1873 - Ray Ewry, American jumper (d. 1937)
1873 – Jules Rimet, French football administrator (d. 1954)
1879 - Miles Franklin, Australian writer (d. 1954)
1882 – Eamon de Valera, Irish statesman, President of Ireland (d. 1975)
1887 - Carlo Grano, Italian cardinal (d. 1976)
1888 – Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand writer (d. 1923)
1890 – Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President of the United States (d. 1969)
1890 - Louis Delluc, French director, screenwriter and author (d. 1924)
1892 – Andrey Yeryomenko, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1970)
1893 - Lillian Gish, American actress (d. 1993)
1894 – Heinrich Lübke, second President of the Federal Republic of Germany (d. 1972)
1894 – E. E. Cummings, American writer and poet (d. 1962)
1900 - W. Edwards Deming, American statistician, educator and author (d. 1993)
1902 - Learco Guerra, Italian cyclist (d. 1963)
1904 - Christian Pineau, French politician (d. 1995)
1905 - Benny Yorston, Scottish footballer (d. 1977)
1906 – Hannah Arendt, German political theorist and writer (d. 1975)
1906 – Imam Hassan al-Banna, Egyptian religious figure (d. 1949)
1908 - Ruth Hale, American actress and playwright (d. 2003)
1909 - Dorothy Kingsley, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1996)
1909 - Bernd Rosemeyer, German racing driver (d. 1938)
1910 – John Wooden, American basketball player and coach (d. 2010)
1911 – Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese politician (d. 1990)
1914 – Raymond Davis, Jr., American physicist (d. 2006)
1915 - Loris Francesco Capovilla, Italian archbishop (d. 2016)
1916 - C. Everett Koop, American politician and spokesperson (d. 2013)
1918 - Thelma Coyne Long, Australian tennis player (d. 2015)
1923 - Joel Barnett, Baron Barnett, English politician (d. 2014)
1924 - Robert Webber, American actor (d. 1989)
1927 – Roger Moore, English actor (d. 2017)
1929 - Norbert Gastell, Argentine-German actor (d. 2015)
1930 - Robert Parker, American singer and saxophonist
1930 - Alan Williams, Welsh politician (d. 2014)
1930 – Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (d. 1997)
1931 - Nikhil Banerjee, Indian sitarist and composer (d. 1986)
1932 - Enrico Di Giuseppe, American tenor (d. 2005)
1932 - Anatoly Larkin, Russian-American physicist (d. 2005)
1936 - Hans Kraay Sr.,
Dutch footballer (d. 2017)
1936 - Jürg Schubiger, Swiss psychotherapist and writer (d. 2014)
1938 - Farah Pahlavi, Empress of Iran
1939 - Litokwa Tomeing, former President of the Marshall Islands
1939 - Ralph Lauren, American fashion designer
1940 – Cliff Richard, English singer
1940 - Christopher Timothy, Welsh actor, director and screenwriter
1941 - Jerry Glanville, American football player and coach
1945 - Colin Hodgkinson, English bass player
1945 - Lesley Joseph, English actress
1946 – Dan McCafferty, Scottish musician
1946 - Craig Venter, American biologist
1946 - François Bozizé, former President of the Central African Republic
1949 - Katy Manning, English-Australian actress
1949 - Dave Schultz, Canadian ice hockey player and referee
1950 - Joey Travolta, American actor, director and producer
1952 - Harry Anderson, American actor and screenwriter
1952 – Nikolai Andrianov, Russian gymnast (d. 2011)
1953 – Aldo Maldera, Italian footballer (d. 2012)
1953 - Shelley Ackermann, American astrologer, actress and singer
1953 - Greg Evigan, American actor
1954 - Carole Malone, English journalist
1954 - Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
1955 - Arleen Sorkin, American actress, screenwriter, presenter and comedian
1956 - Beth Daniel, American golfer
1958 – Thomas Dolby, English musician
1960 – Steve Cram, English athlete
1962 - Jaan Ehlvest, Estonian chess player
1962 - Chris Thomas King, American blues musician and actor
1963 - Yim Jae-beom, South Korean singer
1963 - Lori Petty, American actress, director and screenwriter
1963 - Alessandro Safina, Italian tenor
1965 – Steve Coogan, English actor and comedian
1965 - Alexei Devotchenko, Russian actor and activist (d. 2014)
1967 - Pat Kelly, American baseball player, coach and manager
1967 - Sylvain Lefebvre, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1968 – Matthew Le Tissier, English footballer
1971 – Jorge Costa, Portuguese footballer
1971 - Jyrki Katainen, former Prime Minister of Finland
1972 - Nyomi Banxxx, American radio personality and pornographic actress
1974 – Natalie Maines, American musician (Dixie Chicks)
1975 – Floyd Landis, American cyclist
1975 – Shaznay Lewis, English singer
1977 - Bianca Beauchamp, American model
1978 – Paul Hunter, English snooker player (d. 2006)
1978 – Steven Thompson, Scottish footballer
1978 – Usher, American actor, singer and rapper
1979 - Stacy Keibler, American wrestler and actress
1979 - Rodrigo Tello, Chilean footballer
1980 – Ben Whishaw, English actor
1983 – Lin Dan, Chinese badminton player
1983 – Betty Heidler, German athlete
1984 – Kevin Thomson, Scottish footballer
1984 - Karen Bardsley, American-English footballer
1984 - Alex Scott, English footballer
1986 - Tom Craddock, English footballer
1986 - Skyler Shaye, American actress
1987 - Jay Pharaoh, American comedian and actor
1988 - Glenn Maxwell, Australian cricketer
1988 - Mario Titone, Italian footballer
1988 - Max Thieriot, American actor
1988 - Yusef Ali, Qatari footballer
1989 - Mia Wasikowska, Australian actress
1991 - Shona McGarty, English actress
1991 - Andrea Duro, Spanish actress
1992 - Ahmed Musa, Nigerian footballer
1992 - Savannah Outen, American singer-songwriter
1992 - Khagendra Thapa Magar, Nepalese world's smallest man
1999 - Daniel Roche, English actor
2001 - Rowan Blanchard, American actress
222 - Pope Callixtus I
1066 – Harold Godwinson, English king (b. 1022)
1092 - Nizam al-Mulk, Persian scholar and politician (b. 1018)
1217 – Isabel, Countess of Gloucester (b. 1173)
1318 - Edward Bruce, Irish king (b. 1280)
1552 - Oswald Myconius, Swiss religious reformer (b. 1488)
1565 - Thomas Chaloner, English poet and politician (b. 1521)
1610 – Amago Yoshihisa, Japanese samurai (b. 1540)
1619 - Samuel Daniel, English poet and historian (b. 1562)
1637 - Gabriella Chiabrera, Italian poet (b. 1552)
1669 - Antonio Cesti, Italian organist and composer (b. 1623)
1703 - Thomas Kingo, Danish bishop and poet (b. 1634)
1711 - Tewoflos, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1708)
1758 - James Francis Edward Keith, Scottish-Prussian field marshal (b. 1696)
1758 - Wilhelmine of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (b. 1709)
1792 – Sophie Charlotte Ackermann, German actress (b. 1714)
1831 - Jean-Louis Pons, French astronomer (b. 1761)
1880 - Victorio, Mexican tribal chief (b. 1825)
1911 - John Marshall Harlan, American lawyer and politician (b. 1833)
1923 - Marcellus Emants, Dutch-Swiss author, poet and playwright (b. 1848)
1929 - Henri Berger, German composer and bandleader (b. 1844)
1944 – Erwin Rommel, German military figure (b. 1891)
1950 - Antonio Maria da Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1872)
1953 - Emile Sarrade, French rugby player and tug-of-war competitor (b. 1877)
1958 – Douglas Mawson, Australian Antarctic explorer (b. 1881)
1959 – Errol Flynn, Australian actor (b. 1909)
1961 - Paul Ramadier, 129th Prime Minister of France (b. 1888)
1961 - Harriet Shaw Weaver, English journalist and activist (b. 1876)
1965 - William Hogenson, American sprinter (b. 1884)
1969 - Haguroyama Masaji, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1914)
1977 – Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (b. 1903)
1984 – Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer (b. 1918)
1986 - Keenan Wynn, American actor (b. 1916)
1989 - Michael Carmine, American actor and singer (b. 1959)
1990 – Leonard Bernstein, American composer (b. 1918)
1992 - Willie Waddell, Scottish footballer (b. 1921)
1997 – Harold Robbins, American writer (b. 1916)
1998 - Frankie Yankovic, American polka musician (b. 1915)
1999 – Julius Nyerere, 1st President of Tanzania (b. 1922)
2001 – David Lewis, American philosopher (b. 1941)
2002 - Norbert Schultze, German composer (b. 1911)
2003 – Moktar Ould Daddah, first President of Mauritania (b. 1924)
2004 - Juan Francisco Fresno, Chilean archbishop and cardinal (b. 1872)
2007 – Bob Denard, French mercenary (b. 1929)
2007 - Big Moe, American rapper (b. 1974)
2007 - Raymond Pellegrin, French actor (b. 1925)
2009 – Lou Albano, American professional wrestler (b. 1933)
2010 – Benoit Mandelbrot, French-American mathematician (b. 1924)
2010 – Simon MacCorkindale, English actor (b. 1952)
2010 – Hermann Scheer, German politician (b. 1944)
2012 - Arlen Specter, American politician (b. 1930)
2013 - Bruno Metsu, French footballer and coach (b. 1954)
2014 - Isaiah "Ikey" Owens, American keyboardist (b. 1975)
2014 - Elizabeth Peña, American actress (b. 1959)
2015 - Nurlan Balgimbayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (b. 1948)
2015 - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (b. 1933)
2015 - Jordi Miralles, Spanish politician (b. 1962)
2015 - Robert M. White, American meteorologist (b. 1923)
2016 - Jean Alexander, English actress (b. 1926)
2017 - Wolfgang Bötsch, German politician (b. 1938)
2017 - Richard Wilbur, American poet (b. 1921)
2018 - Robert Bushby, American aircraft designer (b. 1927)
2018 - Per Theodor Haugen, Norwegian actor (b. 1932)
2018 - Mel Ramos, American artist (b. 1935)
2018 - Valeriy Shmarov, Ukrainian politician (b. 1945)
2019 - Harold Bloom, American writer and literary critic (b. 1930)
2019 - Bohdan Butenko, Polish cartoonist (b. 1931)
2019 - Emmett Chappelle, American scientist (b. 1925)
2019 - Louis Frey Jr., American politician (b. 1934)
2019 - Anke Fuchs, German politician (b. 1937)
2019 - Rosemary Harris, English writer (b. 1923)
2019 - Baby Saroja, Indian actress (b. 1931)
2019 - Jeffrey Spalding, Canadian painter (b. 1951)
2019 - Sulli, South Korean singer, actress and model (b. 1994)
National Education Day (Poland)
Nyerere Day (Tanzania)
World Standards Day
Mother's Day (Belarus)
962 – Official founding day of the Holy Roman Empire.
1032 - Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor becomes Duke of Burgundy.
1207 - Terra Mariana, consisting of present-day Estonia and Latvia, is created.
1411 - The Battle of Lincoln takes place, at which King Stephen of England is defeated and captured by the allies of Empress Matilda, presenting her with the unfulfilled opportunity to become the first reigning Queen of Medieval England.
1421 - The Zhu Di Emperor inaugurates the Forbidden City as the centre of China's government.
1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Mortimer's Cross in Herefordshire.
1536 – Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires.
1653 - New Amsterdam, future New York City, is incorporated.
1709 - Alexander Selkirk is rescued after being shipwrecked in the Juan Fernandez Islands in the Pacific Ocean off Chile.
1848 – The US gains large territories at the end of the Mexican-American War.
1848 - California Gold Rush: The first ship with Chinese immigrants arrives in San Francisco, California.
1868 - Pro-Imperial forces capture Osaka Castle from the Tokugawa shogunate and burn it to the ground.
1876 - The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is founded.
1887 – In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, the first American celebration of Groundhog Day takes place.
1899 - The Australian Premiers' Conference is held in Melbourne, coming to the decision that the new national capital city, Canberra, between Sydney and Melbourne.
1901 - Funeral of Queen Victoria.
1913 – Grand Central Terminal in New York City is opened.
1914 - Charlie Chaplin's first movie appearance, Making a Living, is first shown.
1920 - The Tartu Peace Treaty is signed  between Estonia and Russia.
1920 - France occupies Memel.
1922 – Ulysses by James Joyce is first published.
1925 - Serum run to Nome: Dog sleds reach Nome, Alaska with diphtheria serum, inspiring the Iditarod race.
1933 - Working as maids, the sisters Christine and Lea Papin murder their employer's wife and daughter in Le Mans, France.
1934 - The Export-Import Bank of the United States is incorporated.
1935 - Leonarde Keeler tests the first polygraph machine.
1943 – The Battle of Stalingrad ends as German forces surrender.
1946 – The Hungarian Republic is proclaimed.
1959 - Indira Gandhi is nominated as President of the Indian National Congress.
1966 - Pakistan suggests a six-point agenda with Kashmir after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
1971 - The International Ramsar Convention for conservation of wetlands is signed in Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran.
1971 – Idi Amin becomes President of Uganda.
1972 - The British Embassy in Dublin is destroyed in protest against Bloody Sunday.
1974 - The F-16 Fighting Falcon flies for the first time.
1976 – The Groundhog Day gale affects the Northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
1982 – Rifaat al-Assad initiates the massacre in Hama, Syria, a stronghold of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Between 20,000 and 30,000 people are killed.
1987 - After the 1986 People Power Revolution, the Philippines get a new constitution.
1990 – South Africa: F. W. de Klerk announces the end of Apartheid and ends a ban on the African National Congress.
2002 – Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange marries Maxima Zorreguieta Cerruti.
2004 – Roger Federer becomes World number one in men's tennis, holding that position for a record 237 weeks.
2007 - Indonesia's worst flooding in 300 years begins.
2008 – Then-President of France Nicolas Sarkozy marries Carla Bruni.
2011 – Egypt protests: Opponents and supporters of President Hosni Mubarak clash violently in Cairo.
2014 - Award-winning actor Philip Seymour Hoffman is found dead.
He was 46 years old.
1208 – King James of Aragon (d. 1276)
1455 – King John of Denmark (d. 1513)
1457 - Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, Italian-Spanish historian (d. 1526)
1494 – Bona Sforza, Italian princess, Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania (d. 1525)
1522 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (d. 1565)
1596 - Jacob van Campen, Dutch architect and artist (d. 1657)
1616 - Sébastien Bourdon, French painter (d. 1671)
1621 - Johannes Schefferus, Alsatian humanist (d. 1679)
1649 – Pope Benedict XIII (d. 1730)
1650 – Nell Gwyn, British actress and royal mistress (d. 1687)
1669 - Louis Marchand, French organist and harpsichordist (d. 1732)
1677 - Jean-Baptiste Moran, French composer (d. 1745)
1695 - William Borlase, English naturalist (d. 1772)
1700 - Johann Christoph Gottsched, German philosopher and author (d. 1766)
1754 - Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, French diplomat and statesman (d. 1838)
1782 - Henri de Rigny, French admiral and statesman (d. 1835)
1803 - Albert Sidney Johnston, American Confederate general (d. 1862)
1812 - Yevhan Hretinka, Ukrainian writer (d. 1848)
1829 - Alfred Brehm, German zoologist (d. 1884)
1842 - Yulian Vasilyevich Sokhotski, Russian mathematician (d. 1927)
1849 - Pavol Orszagh Hviezdoslav, Slovakian poet, dramatist and translator (d. 1921)
1852 - José Guadalupe Posada, Mexican artist (d. 1913)
1860 - Curtis Guild, Jr., 43rd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1915)
1861 - Solomon R. Guggenheim, American art collector and philanthropist (d. 1949)
1872 - Tome de Barros Queiroz, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1925)
1873 – Konstantin von Neurath, German diplomat and statesman (d. 1956)
1873 - Leo Fall, Austrian operetta composer (d. 1925)
1875 - Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist and composer (d. 1962)
1880 - Frederick Lane, Australian swimmer (d. 1969)
1882 – James Joyce, Irish writer (d. 1941)
1882 - Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (d. 1944)
1885 - Aldo Palazzeschi, Italian writer (d. 1974)
1885 - Mikhail Frunze, Soviet general (d. 1925)
1887 - Pat Sullivan, Australian cartoonist, animator and movie producer (d. 1933)
1887 – Ernst Hanfstaengl, German pianist and politician (d. 1975)
1890 - Charles Correll, American actor (d. 1972)
1891 – Antonio Segni, Italian politician (d. 1972)
1892 - Tochigayama Moriya, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1969)
1892 - Cuno Hoffmeister, German astronomer (d. 1968)
1893 – Cornelius Lanczos, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1974)
1893 – Sukhbaatar Damdin, Mongolian national hero (d. 1924)
1895 - George Halas, American NFL co-founder (d. 1983)
1896 – Kazimierz Kuratowski, Polish mathematician (d. 1980)
1897 - Howard Deering Johnson, American businessman (d. 1972)
1901 - Jascha Heifetz, Russian violinist (d. 1987)
1905 – Ayn Rand, Russian-born writer and philosopher (d. 1982)
1909 - Frank Albertson, American actor (d. 1964)
1912 – Millvina Dean, last Titanic survivor (d. 2009)
1912 - Burton Lane, American composer and songwriter (d. 1997)
1915 - Abba Eban, Israeli politician (d. 2002)
1915 - Khushwant Singh, Indian journalist and author (d. 2014)
1917 - Do Muoi, 5th Prime Minister of Vietnam
1918 – Hella Haasse, Dutch writer (d. 2011)
1918 - Luis Nishizawa, Mexican painter (d. 2014)
1919 - Lisa Della Casa, Swiss operatic soprano (d. 2012)
1923 - Svetozar Gligoric, Serbian chess player (d. 2012)
1923 - Bonita Granville, American actress (d. 1988)
1923 - Red Schoendienst, American baseball player, coach and manager
1923 - Liz Smith, American gossip columnist (d. 2017)
1924 – Elfi von Dassanowsky, Austrian-born producer and musician (d. 2007)
1925 - Elaine Stritch, American actress (d. 2014)
1926 – Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, former President of France (d. 2020)
1926 - Ehsan Naraghi, Iranian sociologist and writer (d. 2012)
1926 - Miguel Obando y Bravo, Nicaraguan cardinal
1927 - Stan Getz, American jazz musician (d. 1991)
1928 – Ciriaco de Mita, Italian politician
1929 – George Band, British mountaineer (d. 2011)
1929 - Vera Chytilova, Czech movie director (d. 2014)
1929 - John Henry Holland, American scientist (d. 2015)
1931 – Walter Burkert, German philologist (d. 2015)
1931 – Les Dawson, British comedian (d. 1993)
1931 – Dries van Agt, former Prime Minister of the Netherlands
1932 - Robert Mandan, American actor
1933 – Than Shwe, Burmese military leader
1934 - Khalil Ullah Khan, Bangladeshi actor (d. 2014)
1935 - Pete Brown, American golfer (d. 2015)
1935 - Evgeni Velikhov, Russian physicist
1936 - Duane Jones, American actor (d. 1988)
1936 - Metin Oktay, Turkish footballer (d. 1991)
1937 - Eric Arturo Delvalle, President of Panama (d. 2015)
1938 - Norman Fowler, English journalist and politician
1939 - Dale Mortensen, American economist (d. 2014)
1940 – David Jason, English actor
1940 - Alan Caddy, English musician
1940 - Thomas M. Disch, American science fiction writer and poet (d. 2008)
1941 - Lee Redmond, former world record holder for the longest finger nails
1942 – Graham Nash, English-American musician
1942 - Jang Sung-taek, North Korean politician (d. 2013)
1944 - Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (d. 2012)
1945 - Robert Atzorn, German actor
1946 - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea
1946 - Alpha Oumar Konaré, former President of Mali
1946 - Blake Clark, American actor
1947 – Farrah Fawcett, American actress (d. 2009)
1948 - Ina Garten, American cookery writer and television presenter
1948 - Al McKay, American guitarist and songwriter
1949 – Duncan Bannatyne, Scottish entrepreneur
1949 - Yasuko Namba, Japanese mountaineer (d. 1996)
1950 - Libby Purves, English journalist and author
1951 - Ken Bruce, Scottish radio presenter
1951 – Valdir Peres, Brazilian footballer
1952 - Park Geunhye, former President of South Korea
1952 - Dave Casper, American football player
1952 - Rick Dufay, American guitarist and songwriter (Aerosmith)
1952 - Carol Ann Susi, American actress (d. 2014)
1954 – Christie Brinkley, American model
1954 – Hansi Hinterseer, Austrian singer and actor
1954 - John Tudor, American baseball player
1955 - Leszek Engelking, Polish poet and author
1955 - Kim Zimmer, American actress
1958 - Fighton Simukonda, Zambian footballer (d. 2016)
1959 - Ildefonso Falcones, Spanish writer
1961 - Lauren Lane, American actress
1961 - Steve Penney, NHL player
1961 - Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, former Prime Minister of Mongolia
1962 - Philippe Claudel, French writer and movie director
1962 - Andy Fordham, English darts player
1963 - Kjell Dahlin, Swedish ice hockey player
1963 – Eva Cassidy, American singer (d. 1996)
1963 - Andrej Kiska, President of Slovakia
1963 - Stephen McGann, English actor
1966 - Michael Misick, former Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
1967 - Laurent Nkunda, Congolese rebel leader
1968 - Thomas Teige, German martial artist, actor and record holder
1969 - Valeri Karpin, Russian footballer
1970 - Jennifer Westfeldt, American actress and screenwriter
1972 – Dana International, Israeli singer
1972 - Melvin Mora, Venezuelan baseball player
1976 - James Hickman, British swimmer
1977 – Shakira, Colombian singer
1977 – Libor Sionko, Czech footballer
1977 - Martin Andresen, Norwegian footballer
1978 – Barry Ferguson, Scottish footballer
1978 - Faye White, English footballer
1978 - Barbara Mori, Uruguayan-Mexican actress
1979 - Shamita Shetty, Indian actress
1979 - Fani Chalkia, Greek athlete
1979 – Christine Bleakley, Northern Irish television presenter
1980 - Teddy Hart, Canadian professional wrestler
1980 - Nina Zilli, Italian singer
1980 - Gavin Newlands, Scottish politician
1981 – Emre Aydin, Turkish singer
1981 - Salem al-Hazmi, Saudi terrorist (d. 2001)
1982 - Han Ga In, South Korean model and actress
1983 – Carolina Klüft, Swedish athlete
1984 - Edgaras Cesnauskas, Lithuanian footballer
1985 - Masoud Azizi, Afghan sprinter
1985 - Silvestre Varela, Portuguese footballer
1985 - Melody Gardot, American jazz singer-songwriter
1986 - Gemma Arterton, English actress
1987 - Anthony Fainga'a, Australian rugby player
1987 - Saia Fainga'a, Australian rugby player
1987 – Giuseppe Rossi, Italian footballer
1987 – Gerard Piqué, Spanish footballer
1987 - Jill Scott, English footballer
1988 - Zosia Mamet, American actress
1989 - Ivan Perisic, Croatian footballer
1990 – Dan Gosling, English footballer
1991 - Nathan Delfouneso, English footballer
1991 - Gregory Mertens, Belgian footballer (d. 2015)
1993 - Ravel Morrison, English footballer
619 - Laurence of Canterbury, English archbishop
1124 - Borivoj II, Duke of Bohemia (b. 1064)
1218 - Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (b. 1186)
1250 – King Eric XI of Sweden (b. 1216)
1294 - Louis II, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1229)
1307 - Oljeitu Temur Khagan, Emperor of the Mongol Empire (b. 1265)
1461 - Owen Tudor, Welsh founder of the Tudor dynasty in England
1512 - Hatuey, Caribbean tribal chief
1529 - Baldassare Castiglione, Italian writer (b. 1478)
1594 – Giovanni Pierluigi de Palestrina, Italian composer (b. 1525)
1660 - Govert Flinck, Dutch painter (b. 1615)
1675 - Ivan Belostenec, Croatian linguist and lexicographer (b. 1594)
1769 – Pope Clement XVI (b. 1693)
1802 - Welbore Ellis, 1st Baron Mendip, British statesman (b. 1713)
1804 - George Walton, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1749)
1836 - Laetitia Ramolino, mother of Napoleon (b. 1750)
1895 - Archduke Albert, Austrian general (b. 1817)
1904 – William C. Whitney, American financier (b. 1841)
1905 - Henri Germain, French banker and politician (b. 1824)
1907 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (b. 1834)
1909 - Carlo Acton, Italian composer and concert pianist (b. 1829)
1913 - Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer (b. 1845)
1925 - Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (b. 1873)
1926 – Vladimir Sukhomlinov, Russian general (b. 1848)
1942 - Ado Birk, 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1883)
1942 - Daniil Kharms, Russian playwright (b. 1905)
1945 - Alfred Delp, German Resistance activist (b. 1907)
1948 - Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (b. 1894)
1952 - Callistratus of Georgia, Georgian Patriarch (b. 1866)
1956 - Charles Grapewin, American actor (b. 1869)
1956 - Pyotr Konchalovsky, Russian painter (b. 1876)
1961 - Anna May Wong, American actress (b. 1905)
1969 – Boris Karloff, English actor (b. 1887)
1970 – Bertrand Russell, British mathematician and philosopher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (b. 1872)
1979 – Sid Vicious, English musician (b. 1957)
1980 – William Howard Stein, American chemist, Nobel Prize winner (b. 1911)
1986 - Gino Hernandez, American wrestler (b. 1957)
1987 – Alistair MacLean, Scottish novelist (b. 1922)
1987 – Carlos José Castilho, Brazilian footballer (b. 1927)
1989 - Ondrej Nepela, Slovakian figure skater (b. 1951)
1989 - Arnold Nordmeyer, New Zealand politician (b. 1901)
1990 - Joe Erskine, Welsh boxer (b. 1934)
1995 – Fred Perry, British tennis player (b. 1909)
1995 – Donald Pleasance, British actor (b. 1919)
1996 – Gene Kelly, American dancer, actor and director (b. 1912)
1997 - Erich Eliskases, Austrian chess player (b. 1913)
1997 - Sanford Meisner, American actor (b. 1904)
1998 - Haroun Tazieff, French volcanologist and geologist (b. 1914)
2003 - Lou Harrison, American composer (b. 1917)
2004 - Bernard McEveety, American movie director (b. 1924)
2005 – Max Schmeling, German boxer (b. 1905)
2007 – Filippo Raciti, Italian police officer (b. 1967)
2008 – Joshua Lederberg, American biochemist (b. 1925)
2009 – Paul Birch, British footballer (b. 1960)
2014 - Gerd Albrecht, German conductor (b. 1935)
2014 - Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor and director (b. 1967)
2014 - Eduardo Coutinho, Brazilian actor, screenwriter and director (b. 1933)
2014 - Bunny Rugs, Jamaican reggae musician (b. 1948)
2015 - Andriy Kuzmenko, Ukrainian singer (b. 1968)
2015 - Anand Shukla, Indian cricketer (b. 1940)
2015 - Stewart Stern, American screenwriter (b. 1922)
2016 - Bob Elliott, American comedian (b. 1923)
2016 - Luiz Felipe Lampreia, Brazilian sociologist and diplomat (b. 1941)
2017 - José Antonio Alonso, Spanish politician (b. 1960)
2017 - Shunichiro Okano, Japanese footballer (b. 1931)
2017 - Jeff Sauer, American ice hockey coach (b. 1943)
2017 - Gordon Aikman, Scottish ALS campaigner (b. 1985)
2017 - Alvin Baldus, American politician (b. 1926)
2017 - Bertram Kostant, American mathematician (b. 1928)
2017 - Max Lüscher, Swiss psychotherapist (b. 1923)
2017 - Miltos Papapostolou, Greek footballer (b. 1935)
2018 - Dave Barrett, Canadian politician, 26th Premier of British Columbia (b. 1930)
2018 - Jon Huntsman Sr.,
American businessman (b. 1937)
2018 - Joseph Polchinski, American theoretical physicist (b. 1954)
2018 - Ole Thestrup, Danish actor (b. 1948)
Groundhog Day - United States, said to determine whether winter weather will continue or whether it will get warmer
Candlemas - Western Christianity
Imbolc - Paganism
Inventor's Day - Thailand
World Wetlands Day
Constitution Day - Philippines
Anniversary of the Treaty of Tartu (Estonia)
A rainbow is an arc of colour in the sky that can be seen when the sun shines through falling rain.
The pattern of colours, called a spectrum, starts with red on the outside and changes through orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet on the inside.
Sometimes a second, larger, dimmer rainbow is seen.
A rainbow is created when white light is bent (refracted) while entering a droplet of water, split into separate colours, and reflected back.
A rainbow is actually round like a circle.
On the ground, the bottom part is hidden, but in the sky, like from a flying airplane, it can be seen as a circle around the point opposite the Sun.
While sunlight is white, all white light is actually a blend of many different colours.
Water and other materials bend the different colours at different angles, some more strongly than others.
This is called dispersion.
By splitting up white light into its separate colours, rainbows appear colourful even though the source of light hitting them is white.
Half of the sky is still dark with draining clouds; and
The observer is at a place with clear sky above.
Another common place to see the rainbow effect is near waterfalls.
Parts of rainbows can be seen some of the time:
at the edges of clouds lit from the back; or
as upright bands of spectrum in far away rain even if it does not fall on the earth.
The seven colours of the rainbow
The rainbow has no definite number of physical colours, but seven are traditionally listed.
Below is a commonly used list of seven colors in the order seen in a rainbow.
Computer screens cannot show them precisely but can make colors that look similar. (
Each color shows the number codes used to tell a computer how to display the color.)
<li style = "background-color: #ff0000;"> Red (Hex: #FF0000) (RGB: 255, 0, 0) </lihtml>
Orange (color wheel Orange) (Hex: #FF7F00) (RGB: 255, 127, 0)  /html/background colour
Yellow (web color) (Hex: #FFFF00) (RGB: 255, 255, 0)
Green (X11) (Electric Green) (HTML/CSS “Lime”) (Color wheel green) (Hex: #00FF00) (RGB: 0, 255, 0)
Blue (web color) (Hex: #0000FF) (RGB: 0, 0, 255)
Indigo (Hex: #2E2B5F) (RGB: 46, 43, 95)
Violet (Electric Violet) (Hex: #8B00FF) (RGB: 139, 0, 255)
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is part of the US federal government and is located at the George Bush Center for Intelligence in Langley, Virginia.