the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Usually, no two tigers have the same pattern of stripes.
There are tigers with different colors.
There are sometimes white tigers that have white fur with black stripes, or that even have pure white fur.
They have orange or red eyes.
Most Bengal tigers have orange fur.
The white coat only appears once in every 100
births.
The Bengal tiger is the national animal of Bangladesh and India.
Tigers vary in size depending on their subspecies.
Siberian tigers are the largest.
Males can grow to at least  long (body length) and weigh about .
Females are a bit smaller.
Record weight for males is claimed as 890 lbs (318 kg), but this cannot be confirmed.
Tigers can live in a variety of habitats.
Mostly they need to hide, to be near a water source, and have enough prey to eat.
Tigers are solitary and they all control large amounts of territory, the size of which depends on the availability of food and prey.
According to Tigers-World, a male tiger may live and hunt in an area of 60 to 100 square kilometers (23 to 39 square miles).
A female tiger may have 20 square kilometers (8 square miles).
According to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, a single tiger can live in a territory as small as 21 square kilometers (8 square miles) to as large as 995 square kilometers (385 square miles).
Bengal tigers in particular live in many types of forests.
These include the wet, evergreen of Assam and eastern Bengal; the swampy mangrove forest of the Ganges Delta; the deciduous forest of Nepal, and the thorn forests of the Western Ghats.
As previously thought, the tiger had five living subspecies.
In this context, 'recently' means in the last two centuries.
Three tiger subspecies are extinct (†).
Subspecies of Tiger (Panthera tigris)
Bali tiger (Panthera tigris balica) †
Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) †
Chinese tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti)
Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) †
Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni)
Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)
South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis)
Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)
However, in 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and recognized the tiger populations in continental Asia as P. t. tigris, and those in the Sunda Islands as P. t. sondaica.
Tigers and humans
Chinese Tigers are becoming rare, because people hunt them for their silk coat skin and destroy the habitats they live in.
The Bengal tiger has the largest population with 3,500 left in the wild.
To help keep the tiger population, tigers are often placed in zoos.
In order for tigers to survive into the next century, governments throughout the tigers’ range must show greater determination and commitment to conserve tigers and their habitats.
Chinese tigers have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine.
Body parts such as their whiskers and bones are used to treat things such as toothaches, malaria, and burns.
Tigers eat many types of prey, mostly other large mammals.
Some examples are deer, monkeys, wild rabbits, wild pigs, tapirs, buffalo and other animals found in Asia.
All are meat eaters.
Some tigers may eat up to  of meat a day.
Tigers kill their prey by clamping down on the prey's throat and suffocating it.
January 8 – George Frideric Handel's opera Ariodante plays at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.
February 14 – The Order of St. Anna is started in Russia.
It is in honour of the daughter of Peter the Great.
April 13 – Emperor Sakuramachi takes the throne of Japan.
Linnaeus publishes his Systema Naturae.
Cobalt is discovered and isolated by Georg Brandt.
First successful Appendectomy by French surgeon Claudius Aymand in London
October 30 – John Adams
A leopard (Panthera pardus) is a big feline of the genus Panthera.
It lives in Africa and Asia.
Unlike lions, it does not live in groups.
The adult males live separately, and the females live only with their cubs.
Leopards live in habitats where there are some trees.
They climb trees well, and do so regularly.
They can carry prey up a tree and keep it safe from hyaenas and lions.
Trees are its main escape from attacks by lions or packs of dogs.
It is an ambush predator, and operates best where it has some cover.
Leopards generally have yellow fur with dark rosettes and spots, and a lighter colored underside.
But there can be a lot of differences in the different leopard subspecies.
There are also often leopards who are completely black, those are also called black panthers.
Male leopards are about 30% larger than female leopards.
Originally the leopard lived in all of Africa (but not in the Sahara) and southern Asia.
But today many leopard subspecies, especially in Asia, are endangered.
Leopards live in a lot of different environments: rainforests, forests, mountains and savannas.
The leopard is mostly active at night.
It is basically an ambush hunter.
It can climb very well, and it stays up in trees a lot of its time.
Leopards usually live alone and try not to meet another leopard.
They only come together to mate.
Young leopards leave their mothers after 13 – 18 months.
Hunting and diet
Leopards hunt at different times, and they also use different methods for hunting.
Most often leopards will secretly move towards their prey and attack it when they are close, or hide and wait for it to come close.
Leopards are versatile, opportunistic hunters, and have a very wide diet.
Leopards are carnivores.
Leopards are apex predators.
They prey on antelope, zebras, warthogs, buffalo, wildebeest, wild boar and deer, but they also prey on rodents, hares, fish, birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, monkeys and even jackals.
Leopards are the only natural predators of adult chimpanzees and gorillas, though probably not the large male silverback gorillas.
Leopards do not usually eat humans, but sometimes leopards that are hurt or sick can eat people when they do not have enough to eat.
A leopard in India is believed to have eaten more than 125 people.
There are nine subspecies of leopards recognized today, one in Africa and eight in Asia.
African leopard P.p pardus
Amur leopard P.p orientalis
Arabian leopard P.p nimr
Indian leopard P.p fusca
Indo Chinese leopard P.p delacouri
Javan leopard P.p melas
North Chinese leopard P.p japonensis
Persian leopard P.p saxicolor
Sri Lankan leopard P.p kotiya
Mammals of Asia
The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a big cat (feline) which lives in South America and Central America.
The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion.
It is also the largest and most powerful feline in the Western Hemisphere.
Because of its spots, jaguars look like leopards, though it is usually larger and stronger, and its behavior is more like that of a tiger.
It likes to stay near water, and like the tiger, it is famous for being a big cat that enjoys swimming.
It usually hunts alone.
The jaguar has a very powerful strong bite, even compared to other big cats.
Because of its strong bite, jaguars can bite through armoured reptiles like caimans, crocodiles, turtles and tortoises.
Jaguars kill their prey in an unusual way: they bite directly through the skull between the ears and into the brain.
Jaguars have yellow or sometimes yellow-orange fur with brown and black rosettes and spots.
They are big and heavy and also have very strong muscles which makes them really powerful.
They cannot climb well, but they can swim.
Sometimes there are jaguars who are completely black, but if you look closely you can still see the spots.
They are called "black panther" or just "panther".
Jaguars live in South America and Central America.
They mostly live in rainforests, but also in savannas, swamps, grasslands, forest, deserts and open areas.
Jaguars are not specialized with their food, but eat almost anything they get: big and small mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and livestock.
It is an ambush predator.
When hunting, they usually try to secretly get very close to the prey, and then the jaguar suddenly jumps at it and throws it down.
The jaguar bites the skull of its prey to kill it.
It then takes the prey to a safe place and eats it.
After a pregnancy of about 100 days the female gives birth to usually 1 - 4 babies.
The young leave their family after 1–2 years, and they become mature at about 3 years.
Jaguars can live up to 10–12 years old in freedom, but in captivity (such as in zoos) they can live to 20–22 years old.
BBC videos on Jaguars
A cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a medium large cat which lives in Africa.
It is the fastest land animal and can run up to 112 kilometers per hour for a short time.
Most cheetahs live in the savannas of Africa.
There are a few in Asia.
Cheetahs are active during the day, and hunt in the early morning or late evening.
The cheetah compared to other big cats is light and slimly built.
Its long thin legs and long spotted tail are necessary for fast running.
Its lightly built, thin form is in sharp contrast with the robust build of other big cats.
The head-and-body length ranges from .
The cheetah stands 70 to 90 cm at the shoulder, and weighs .
The slightly curved claws are only weakly retractable (semi-retractable).
This is a major point of difference between the cheetah and the other big cats, which have fully retractable claws.
Diet and Behavior
Cheetahs are carnivores.
They prey on antelope, wildebeest, zebras, warthogs, hares, birds, rodents, snakes, fish, lizards and even jackals.
When the cheetah hunts, it slowly and secretly moves toward its prey.
When it is close to the prey (about 10–30 meters), it runs after it very quickly.
Cheetahs kill their prey by tripping it during the chase.
To kill medium- to large-sized prey, the cheetah bites the prey's throat to suffocate it to death.
A bite on the back of the neck or the snout is enough to kill smaller prey.
The cheetah cannot defend itself against lions or hyenas who would take the cheetah's prey away.
The prey is taken to a shaded place.
The cheetah, exhausted after the chase, rests beside the kill and pants heavily for some time.
Once they recover, cheetahs eat quickly, and consume large quantities as soon as they can.
Pregnant females give birth to about 3 to 5 cubs or kittens after three months pregnancy.
It takes two years of full-time supervision by the mother before the cubs are ready to live independent lives.
They need to learn how to catch prey, and that takes time.
The young are vulnerable to larger predators: lions especially try to kill cheetahs.
The cheetah has unusually low genetic variability and a very low sperm count.
Their sperms also suffer from deformed flagellae, and so their movement is damaged.
Apparently, cheetahs went through a great reduction in numbers during the last ice age.
Inbreeding after the event further reduced the variation (genetic drift).
Cheetah as a pet
Due to the fact that cheetahs never attack and kill humans they were extremely popular as hunting pets since antiquity and especially in medieval times in the Near and Middle East.
In modern times, cheetahs probably are the most difficult wilds cats to have as pets, due to the necessity for wide open spaces for cheetah for them to run at full speed .
It's very important to feed them properly, because cheetahs in captivity must eat only lean steamed meat so they don't get sick and perish.
The acceleration of a cheetah allows it to reach speeds of up to hundreds of kilometers per hour in three seconds (its maximum speed is 112 kilometers per hour).
The speed that a cheetah can develop from the start in 3 seconds cannot be achieved by any sports racing car.
98 - Trajan becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire.
814 - Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne dies.
1393 - King Charles VI of France narrowly escapes death when several dancers' costumes catch fire during a masquerade ball.
1521 - The Diet of Worms begins.
1547 – As a nine-year-old, Edward VI becomes King of England, following the death of his father, King Henry VIII of England.
1573 - Articles of the Warsaw Confederation are signed, sanctioning freedom of religion in Poland.
1624 – Thomas Warner founds a colony on Saint Kitts.
1724 – The Russian Academy of the Sciences is founded by Tsar Peter I of Russia.
1754 – Horace Walpole coins the word serendipity in a letter to Horace Mann.
1813 – Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is first published.
1820 – A Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen first sights the Antarctic continent.
1821 - Bellingshausen's Antarctic expedition discovers an island just off the coast of Antarctica, which later becomes known as Alexander Island.
1841 – James Clark Ross' Antarctic expedition discovers the Ross Ice Shelf.
1846 - The Battle of Aliwal in India is won by British forces under Harry Smith.
1855 – In Panama, a locomotive travels from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean for the first time.
1870 - After leaving Halifax, Nova Scotia, British passenger steamer City of Boston disappears without trace in the North Atlantic Ocean, along with the 191 people on board.
1871 - Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Paris ends in a French defeat and an armistice.
1878 - The Yale Daily News becomes the first daily (meaning it is published every day) college newspaper in the United States.
1878 - The first telephone box opens in New Haven, Connecticut.
1887 – The world's largest snowflakes are recorded at Fort Keogh, Montana.
1887 – Building of the Eiffel Tower begins.
1896 – Walter Arnold of East Peckham, Kent is the first person convicted of a speeding offence.
1900 - The DFB, German Football Federation, is founded.
1908 - Some members of the Portuguese Republican Party fail in their attempted coup against the dictatorship of Joao Franco.
1909 - US troops leave Cuba, except for Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, having been there since 1898.
1915 - An Act of Congress creates the United States Coast Guard.
1917 - City-owned streetcars take to the streets of San Francisco for the first time.
1918 – Finnish Civil War: Rebels seize Helsinki.
1922 – The Knickerbocker Storm causes Washington, DC's biggest snowfall.
1932 - Japanese forces attack Shanghai.
1933 – Choudhary Rahmat Ali Khan chooses the name "Pakistan" on this date.
Today it is one of the official national holidays of the 'Islamic Republic'.
1933 – Kurt von Schleicher resigns as Chancellor of Germany and suggests to Paul von Hindenburg to name Adolf Hitler as the next Chancellor.
1934 – The first ski tow in the United States begins operation in Vermont.
1935 – Iceland legalises abortion.
1938 - Rudolf Caracciola sets the World Land Speed Record on a public road, with 432.7 kilometers per hour (268.9 miles per hour).
1941 - French-Thai War: A Japanese-mediated armistice goes into effect.
1945 - World War II: Supplies begin to reach the Republic of China over the newly re-opened Burma Road.
1956 - Elvis Presley makes his first appearance on US television.
1958 – The Lego company patents its now-famous toy bricks.
1958 - The last episode of British radio show The Goon Show is broadcast.
1959 – Thailand adopts a new constitution.
1964 - An unarmed United States Air Force T-39 Sabreliner on a training misiion is shot down over Erfurt, then-East Germany, by a Soviet MiG-19.
1965 – The design for the current Flag of Canada is chosen in an Act of Parliament.
1977 – The Great Lakes Blizzard (snowstorm), lasting until February 1, affects parts of upstate New York.
1979 - Pope John Paul II visits Mexico.
1980 - The ship USCGC Blackthorn collides with the tanker Capricorn off Tampa, Florida, killing 23 people.
1982 - United States Army general James L. Dozier is rescued by Italian anti-terrorist forces.
1984 - Tropical Storm Domoina makes landfall in Mozambique, where it causes widespread flooding and kills 214 people.
1985 - Supergroup USA for Africa records the hit single We Are the World to help raise funds for Ethiopian famine relief.
1986 – The Space Shuttle Challenger breaks up 73 seconds after lift off at Cape Canaveral, Florida, killing all 7 astronauts on board.
1987 - Mikhail Gorbachev, in a speech, sets out plans for liberal reforms, including Perestroika and Glasnost.
2002 – TAME Flight 120, a Boeing 727-100, crashes in the Colombian Andes, killing 92 people.
2006 – At the Katowice International Fair in Poland, the roof of one of the buildings collapses, killing 65 people.
2011 – 2011 Egyptian protests: Hundreds of thousands of people take to the streets in Egypt, in protest against Hosni Mubarak, who cuts internet access on the same day.
2013 - Three days before her 75th birthday, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands announces her intention to give up the throne on April 30 of the same year, when Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange becomes the Netherlands' first king since 1890.
2014 - After strong protests, Ukraine withdraws a controversial anti-protest law introduced over a week earlier.
2014 - The United Nations Court in The Hague defines the maritime border between Peru and Chile.
2017 - Serena Williams wins her 23rd Grand Slam tennis Singles title at the Australian Open, surpassing Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22.
2018 - Roger Federer wins his 20th Grand Slam singles tennis title, at the Australian Open.
1225 – Saint Thomas of Aquinas (d. 1274).
1312 - Joan II of Navarre (d. 1349).
1453 - Simonetta Vespucci, Italian Renaissance figure (d. 1476).
1457 – King Henry VII of England (d. 1509).
1507 - Ferrante Gonzaga, Viceroy of Sicily (d. 1557).
1533 - Paul Luther, German physician and son of Martin Luther (d. 1593).
1540 - Ludolph von Ceulen, German mathematician (d. 1610).
1582 - John Barclay, Scottish writer (d. 1621).
1600 – Pope Clement IX (d. 1669).
1608 - Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, Italian physiologist and physicist (d. 1679).
1611 – Johannes Hevelius, Polish astronomer and Mayor of Gdansk (d. 1687).
1622 - Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (d. 1691).
1701 - Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (d. 1774).
1706 – John Baskerville, English writer and printmaker (d. 1775).
1712 – Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (d. 1761).
1717 – Mustafa III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1774).
1719 - Johann Elias Schlegel, German critic and poet (d. 1749).
1768 – King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway (d. 1669).
1784 – George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1860).
1806 - William Aitken, Jr., Governor of South Carolina (d. 1887).
1807 - Robert McClure, Irish seafarer and explorer (d. 1873).
1809 - Theodor Benfey, German philologist (d. 1881).
1815 - Andrew Jackson Hamilton, 12th Governor of Texas (d. 1875).
1818 - George S. Boutwell, 20th Governor of Massachusetts and 28th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1905).
1822 – Alexander Mackenzie, 2nd Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1892).
1833 – Charles George Gordon, British general (d. 1885).
1838 - James Craig Watson, American astronomer (d. 1880).
1841 – Henry Morton Stanley, Welsh-born explorer, journalist and colonialist (d. 1904).
1853 - Jose Marti, Cuban revolutionary (d. 1891).
1853 - Vladimir Solovyov, Russian philosopher (d. 1890).
1858 - Tannatt William Edgworth David, Welsh-born Australian geologist and explorer (d. 1934).
1858 - Stoyan Danev, Prime minister of Bulgaria (d. 1949).
1863 - Ernest William Christmas, Australian painter (d. 1918).
1864 - Charles W. Nash, American automobile entrepreneur (d. 1948).
1864 - Herbert Akroyd Stuart, English inventor (d. 1927).
1865 – Kaarlo Juho Stahlberg, 1st President of Finland (d. 1952).
1865 - Lala Lajpat Rai, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1928).
1872 - Otto Braun, Prussian politician (d. 1955).
1873 – Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette, French writer (d. 1954).
1875 - Julian Carrillo, Mexican composer, conductor, violinist and music theorist (d. 1965).
1884 – Auguste Piccard, Swiss scientist (d. 1962).
1884 – Jean Piccard, Swiss scientist (d. 1963).
1886 – Marthe Bibesco, Romanian writer (d. 1973).
1886 - Hidetsugu Yagi, Japanese electrical engineer (d. 1976).
1887 - Arthur Rubinstein, Polish pianist (d. 1982).
1889 - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Catalan Bishop of Urgel, Spanish Co-Prince Andorra (d. 1972).
1890 - Robert Stroud, American convict, "Birdman of Alcatraz" (d. 1963)
1891 – Bill Doak, American baseball player (d. 1954).
1892 – Ernst Lubitsch, German director (d. 1947).
1897 - Valentin Kataev, Soviet dramatist (d. 1986).
1902 - Alfred H. Barr, Jr., American art historian (d. 1981).
1909 – John Thomson, Scottish footballer (d. 1931).
1910 – John Banner, Austrian-born actor (d. 1973).
1911 - Johan van Hulst, Dutch politician (d. 2018).
1912 – Jackson Pollock, American painter (d. 1956).
1918 - Sandro Puppo, Italian footballer (d. 1986).
1919 - Francis Gobreski, American fighter pilot (d. 2002).
1922 – Robert W. Holley, American biochemist (d. 1993).
1923 – Richard Herrmann, German footballer (d. 1962).
1924 - Marcel Broodthaers, Belgian artist (d. 1976).
1926 - Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili, former Interim President of Iran (d. 2016).
1926 - Harry L. Ettlinger, German-American engineer (d. 2018).
1927 - Hiroshi Teshigahara, Japanese director (d. 2001).
1927 - Per Oscarsson, Swedish actor (d. 2010).
1929 – Acker Bilk, English jazz clarinettist (d. 2014).
1929 - Edith M. Flanigen, American chemist.
1929 – Claes Oldenburg, Swedish-American artist.
1930 – Kurt Biedenkopf, German politician.
1930 - Jasraj, Indian classical singer (d. 2020).
1930 - Roy Clarke, English television scriptwriter.
1934 - Juan Manuel Bordeu, Argentine racing driver (d. 1990).
1935 – David Lodge, British writer.
1936 – Alan Alda, American actor, director and writer.
1936 - Waldyr Boccardo, Brazilian basketball player (d. 2018).
1936 – Ismail Kadare, Albanian writer.
1937 - Donald Crothers, American academic and educator (d. 2014).
1938 - Tomas Lindahl, Swedish biologist and geneticist.
1938 - Leonid Zhabotinsky, Ukrainian weightlifter (d. 2016).
1939 - John M. Fabian, American pilot and astronaut.
1940 – Carlos Slim, Mexican businessman.
1941 - Joel Crothers, American actor (d. 1985).
1941 - King Tubby, Jamaican musician (d. 1989).
1942 - Sjoukje Dijkstra, Dutch figure skater.
1943 - Paul Henderson, Canadian ice hockey player.
1943 – Dick Taylor, British musician.
1944 – Susan Howard, American actress.
1944 – John Tavener, English composer (d. 2013).
1945 - Marthe Keller, Swiss actress.
1945 - Robert Wyatt, English musician.
1947 - Jeanne Shaheen, American politician, United States Senator for New Hampshire
1948 – Charles Taylor, former President of Liberia.
1948 – Heinz Flohe, German footballer (d. 2013).
1949 - Mike Moore, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand.
1949 - Thomas Downey, American politician.
1949 - Gregg Popovich, American basketball coach.
1950 - David C. Hilmers, American astronaut.
1950 – Hamad Ibn Isa al Khalifah, King of Bahrain.
1951 - Leonid Kadeniuk, Ukrainian cosmonaut (d. 2018).
1953 - Richard Anconina, French actor.
1954 - Bruno Metsu, French footballer and coach (d. 2013)
1954 - Robin Smith, Canadian voice actor
1955 – Nicolas Sarkozy, former President of France.
1955 - Vinod Khosla, Indian-American businessman, co-founded Sun Microsystems.
1957 - Frank Skinner, English comedian.
1957 - Nick Price, Zimbabwean golfer.
1961 – Arnaldur Indridason, Icelandic writer.
1961 - Normand Rochefort, Canadian ice hockey player.
1962 - Joan McAlpine, Scottish politician.
1964 - Dave McPherson, Scottish footballer
1964 - Juergen Teller, German artist and photographer.
1966 - Andrea Berg, German singer.
1968 – Sarah McLachlan, Canadian singer/songwriter
1968 – DJ Muggs, American musician
1969 - Kathryn Morris, American actress.
1971 - Anthony Hamilton, American singer
1972 - Nicky Southall, English footballer and manager
1974 – Magglio Ordóñez, Venezuelan baseball player
1975 - Lee Latchford-Evans, English singer (Steps)
1976 - Lee Ingleby, English actor.
1976 - Rick Ross, American rapper.
1977 - Daunte Culpepper, American football player.
1977 – Joey Fatone, American singer (*NSYNC)
1978 – Gianluigi Buffon, Italian footballer
1978 – Jamie Carragher, English footballer
1978 – Papa Bouba Diop, Senegalese footballer
1979 - Ali Boulala, Swedish skateboarder
1980 – Nick Carter, American singer (Backstreet Boys)
1980 – Yasuhito Endo, Japanese footballer
1980 - Michael Hastings, American journalist (d. 2013)
1981 – Elijah Wood, American actor
1984 - Andre Iguodala, American basketball player
1984 - Anne Panter, English field hockey player
1985 - Daniel Carcillo, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 - Arnold Mvuemba, French footballer
1985 - Libby Trickett, Australian swimmer
1985 - J. Cole, American rapper
1985 - Andras Kallay-Saunders, American-Hungarian singer
1986 - Shruti Haasan, Indian actress
1986 – Jessica Ennis-Hill, British athlete
1989 - Siem de Jong, Dutch footballer
1991 - Calum Worthy, Canadian actor
1991 - Carl Klingberg, Swedish ice hockey player
1992 - Andrei Savchenko, Russian footballer
1993 - Richmond Boakye, Ghanaian footballer
1993 - John Anthony Brooks, German-American soccer player
1993 - Will Poulter, English actor
1998 – Ariel Winter, American actress and singer
592 - Guntram, King of the Franks (b. 532)
814 – Charlemagne, King of the Franks (b. early 700s)
1271 – Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France (b. 1247)
1443 - Robert Le Masson, Chancellor of France
1547 – Henry VIII of England (b. 1491)
1596 – Francis Drake, English naval officer, explorer and pirate (b. 1540)
1613 - Thomas Bodley, English diplomat and library founder (b. 1545)
1621 – Pope Paul V (b. 1550)
1672 - Pierre Seguier, Chancellor of France (b. 1588)
1687 – Johannes Hevelius, Polish astronomer and Mayor of Gdansk (b. 1611)
1697 - John Fenwick, English conspirator
1754 - Ludvig Holberg, Norwegian historian and writer (b. 1684)
1859 – Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1782)
1859   - Carl Adolph Agardh, Swedish botanist (b. 1785)
1864 - Emile Chappeyron, English engineer and physicist (b. 1799)
1912 - Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (b. 1819)
1918 – John McCrae, Canadian poet (b. 1872)
1924 - Teofilo Braga, Portuguese statesman (b. 1843)
1928 - Vicente Blasco Ibanez, Spanish writer (b. 1867)
1936 - Oscar K. Allen, Governor of Louisiana (b. 1882)
1937 - Anastasios Metaxas, Greek architect and shooter (b. 1862)
1938 - Bernd Rosemeyer, German racing driver (b. 1909)
1939 – William Butler Yeats, Irish writer (b. 1865)
1947 - Reynaldo Hahn, Venezuelan-French composer, conductor and critic (b. 1875)
1949 - Jean-Pierre Wimille, French racing driver (b. 1908)
1950 - Nicolai Luzin, Russian mathematician (b. 1883)
1951 – Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, President of Finland (b. 1867)
1953 – Derek Bentley, British victim of a miscarriage of justice (b. 1933) (hanged)
1953 – James Scullin, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1876)
1953 - Neyzen Tefvik, Turkish poet and satirist (b. 1879)
1956 - Marie Juchacz, German social reformer (b. 1883)
1959 - Walter Beall, American baseball (b. 1899)
1960 - Zora Neale Hurston, American writer (b. 1891)
1963 – Jean Piccard, Swiss scientist (b. 1884)
1963 - John Farrow, Australian screenwriter and director (b. 1904)
1965 - Maxime Weygand, French military (b. 1867)
1973 – John Banner, Austrian-born actor (b. 1910)
1975 – Ola Raknes, Norwegian psychoanalyst and philologist (b. 1887)
1976 - Marcel Broodthaers, Belgian artist (b. 1924)
1983 – Frank Forde, shortest-serving Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1890)
1983 – Billy Fury, British singer (b. 1940)
1985 - Alfredo Foni, Italian footballer (b. 1911)
1986 - Deaths in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster:
Greg Jarvis, American astronaut (b. 1944)
Christa McAuliffe, American teacher and astronaut (b. 1948)
Ronald McNair, American astronaut (b. 1950)
Ellison Onizuka, American astronaut (b. 1946)
Judith Resnik, American astronaut (b. 1949)
Francis R. Scobee, American astronaut (b. 1939)
Michael J. Smith, American astronaut (b. 1949)
1988 – Klaus Fuchs, German atomic spy (b. 1911)
1989 - Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama, Tibetan religious leader (b. 1938)
1991 – Red Grange, American football player (b. 1903)
1993 - Helen Sawyer Hogg, Canadian astronomer (b. 1905)
1994 - Hal Smith, American actor (b. 1916)
1996 – Joseph Brodsky, Russian poet (b. 1940)
1996 – Jerry Siegel, American cartoonist (b. 1914)
1998 - Shotaro Ishinomori, Japanese writer (b. 1938)
1999 - Torgny Torgnysson Segerstedt, Swedish sociologist and philosopher (b. 1908)
2002 – Astrid Lindgren, Swedish writer (b. 1907)
2005 – Jim Capaldi, British musician (b. 1944)
2007 – Karel Svoboda, Czech composer (b. 1938)
2008 – Christodoulos I, Archbishop of Athens (b. 1939)
2008 – Marie Takvam, Norwegian writer (b. 1926)
2009 – Billy Powell, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (b. 1952)
2009 - Glenn Davis, American athlete (b. 1934)
2011 - Margaret Price, Welsh soprano (b. 1941)
2014 - Jorge Obeid, Argentine politician (b. 1947)
2014 - Dwight Gustafson, American composer and conductor (b. 1930)
2015 - Yves Chauvin, French chemist (b. 1930)
2015 - Suraj Abdurrahman, Nigerian army officer (b. 1954)
2016 - Buddy Cianci, American politician (b. 1941)
2016 - Paul Kantner, American rock musician (b. 1941)
2016 - Signe Toly Anderson, American singer (b. 1941)
2016 - Yisroel Belsky, American rabbi (b. 1938)
2017 - Christopher Bland, British businessman (b. 1938)
2017 - Many Clouds, British racehorse (b. 2007)
2017 - Geoff Nicholls, British musician (b. 1948)
2017 - Lennart Nilsson, Swedish cinematographer (b. 1922)
2017 - Alexander Tikhanovich, Belarusian singer (b. 1952)
2017 - Bobby Freeman, American singer-songwriter and record producer (b. 1940)
2017 - Guitar Gable, American singer-songwriter and record producer (b. 1937)
2017 - Sang Chul Lee, Russian-born Canadian Christian minister (b. 1924)
2017 - John N. Mather, American mathematician (b. 1942)
2017 - Bharati Mukherjee, American writer (b. 1940)
2017 - Richard Portman, American sound engineer (b. 1934)
2017 - Thomas Joseph Simpson, Canadian World War II veteran (b. 1921)
2017 - Dan Spiegle, American comic book artist (b. 1920)
2017 - Darryl Sutton, Australian rules footballer (b. 1952)
2017 - Stuart Timmons, American historian and activist (b. 1957)
2018 - Dharmasena Pathiraja, Sri Lankan movie director and screenwriter (b. 1943)
2018 - Coco Schumann, German jazz guitarist (b. 1924)
2018 - Gene Sharp, American political scientist (b. 1928)
2019 - Jurrie Koolhof, Dutch footballer (b. 1960)
2019 - Mourad Medelci, Algerian politician (b. 1943)
2019 - Pepe Smith, Filipino rock guitarist (b. 1947)
Army Day (Armenia)
EU Data Privacy Day
Unofficial Day commemorating Charlemagne in some Christian groups.
456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.
690 - Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
1590 - Composer Carlo Gesualdo murders his wife, Donna Maria d'Avalos and her lover Fabrizio Carafa, the Duke of Andria, at the Palazzo San Saverio in Naples.
1780 - Great Hurricane of 1780 devastates the Caribbean.
1781 - George Washington captures Yorktown, Virginia, after the Siege of Yorktown.
1793 – Marie Antoinette is executed on the guillotine.
1813 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Leipzig between Napoleon Bonaparte and the forces of the Sixth Coalition.
1834 - Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London burns to the ground.
1843 - William Rowan Hamilton comes up with the idea of quaternions, a non-commutative extension of complex numbers.
1846 - William T. G. Morton demonstrates anesthesia at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
1859 – John Brown leads a raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia).
1875 – Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.
1905 - Partition of Bengal in India.
1909 - William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz hold the first summit meeting between Presidents of the United States and Mexico.
1916 - In Brooklyn, New York, Margaret Sanger opens the first family planning clinic in the United States.
1923 – The Walt Disney Company is founded.
1934 – Chinese Communists begin the Long March.
1939 - World War II: First attack on British territory by the German Luftwaffe.
1940 – Holocaust: The Warsaw Ghetto is established.
1945 - The Food and Agriculture Organization is founded in Quebec City.
1946 – Execution of Nazi war criminals who were sentenced in the Nuremberg Trials.
1949 - East Germany and the Soviet Union form diplomatic relations.
1951 – Pakistan's Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan is assassinated.
1962 - John F. Kennedy is shown photographs of military sites in Cuba.
1963 – Ludwig Erhard is chosen to succeed Konrad Adenauer as Chancellor of Germany.
1964 - The People's Republic of China detonates its first nuclear weapon.
1964 - Leonid Brezhnev is inaugurated as  General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with Alexei Kosygin becoming Premier.
1968 - At the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, US athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos are kicked off the US team for their part in the Black Power Salute.
1970 – In response to the October Crisis, Canada's Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invokes the War Measures Act.
1970 - The University of Augsburg in Bavaria opens.
1973 – Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho are announced as the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.
1975 - Rahima Banu, a two-year-old girl from Bangladesh, is the last person known to be infected with naturally-occurring smallpox.
1978 – Karol Wojtyła becomes Pope John Paul II.
1978 - Wanda Rutkiewicz becomes the first person from Poland, and the first European woman, to climb to the top of Mount Everest.
1984 – Desmond Tutu wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
1984 - The British TV series The Bill is first shown.
1986 – Reinhold Messner reaches the top of Lhotse in the Himalayas with Hans Kammerlander.
Messner becomes the first person to climb all the mountains over 8000 metres high.
1987 – The southern part of the United Kingdom is hit by a major storm which causes a lot of damage, especially with fallen trees, and kills 18 people.
1991 - George Hennard runs amok in Killeen, Texas, killing 23 people.
1994 - The majority of voters in Finland support entry into the EU.
1995 – The Skye Bridge, linking the Isle of Skye to mainland Scotland, is opened.
1995 - Million-Man March on Washington, DC.
1996 – 84 people are crushed to death at the Estadio Mateo Flores in Guatemala.
1998 – Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London after Spain issued an arrest warrant for murder.
2002 - The Bibliotheca Alexandrina library is opened in Alexandria, Egypt.
2006 – A magnitude 6.7 earthquake hits Hawaii, causing widespread damage.
2012 - Planet Alpha Centauri Bb is discovered orbiting a star outside the Solar System.
2013 - Lao Airlines Flight 301 crashes on approach to Pakse International Airport in Laos, killing 49 people.
2013 - Erna Solberg becomes Prime Minister of Norway, succeeding Jens Stoltenberg.
Solberg is Norway's second female Prime Minister, after Gro Harlem Brundtland.
2013 - US politicians agree to end the government shutdown, and narrowly avoid the United States being unable to repay its debts.
2017 - The remainder of Hurricane Ophelia hits the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and Scotland.
2017 - Maltese blogger and journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia is murdered in a car bomb attack.
2020 - Murder of Samuel Paty of Islamist terrorism happens.
1396 – William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English soldier (d. 1450)
1430 – King James II of Scotland (d. 1460)
1483 – Gasparo Contarini, Italian diplomat and cardinal (d. 1542)
1535 – Niwa Nagahide, Japanese warlord (d. 1585)
1620 - Pierre Paul Puget, French painter and sculptor (d. 1694)
1663 – Prince Eugene of Savoy, French-born Austrian general (d. 1736)
1679 - Jan Dismas Zelenka, Bohemian composer (d. 1745)
1710 – Andreas Hadik, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1790)
1714 – Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (d. 1795)
1726 – Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish painter (d. 1801)
1729 - Pierre van Maldere, Flemish violinist and composer (d. 1768)
1751 – Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen of Prussia (d. 1805)
1752 – Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian (d. 1827)
1754 – Morgan Lewis, Governor of New York (1804-07) (d. 1844)
1758 – Noah Webster, American lexicographer (d. 1843)
1760 - Jonathan Dayton, American politician (d. 1824)
1762 – Paul Hamilton, Governor of South Carolina (1804–06) and U.S. Secretary of Navy (1809–12) (d. 1816)
1789 – William Burton, Governor of Delaware (1859–63) (d. 1866)
1795 – William Buell Sprague, American clergyman and writer (d. 1876)
1802 – Isaac Murphy, Governor of Arkansas (1864-68) (d. 1882)
1804 - Benjamin Russell, American artist (d. 1885)
1806 – William Pitt Fessenden, U.S. Secretary of Treasury (1864-65) (d. 1869)
1815 – Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (d. 1905)
1819 – Austin F. Pike, American politician from New Hampshire (d. 1886)
1831 - Lucy Stanton, American abolitionist (d. 1910)
1840 – Kuroda Kiyotaka, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1900)
1841 – Prince Hirobumi Ito, Japanese governor of Korea and 1st Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1909)
1847 - Maria Pia of Savoy (d. 1911)
1849 - George Washington Williams, American jurist, historian and politician (d. 1891)
1854 - Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (d. 1900)
1854 - Karl Kautsky, Czech-born German theoretician (d. 1938)
1855 - Samedbey Mehmandarov, Russian general (d. 1931)
1861 – J. B. Bury, Irish historian (d. 1927)
1863 – Austen Chamberlain, English statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1937)
1876 – Jimmy Sinclair, South African cricketer, rugby union and soccer player (d. 1913)
1878 - Eugenio Canfari, Italian sports official (d. 1962)
1878 - Miguel Llobet, Catalan guitarist and composer (d. 1938)
1878 – Maxie Long, American athlete (d. 1959)
1884 - Rembrandt Bugatti, Italian sculptor (d. 1916)
1885 - Dorando Pietri, Italian marathon runner (d. 1942)
1886 - David Ben-Gurion, first Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1973)
1886 - Armin T. Wegner, German poet (d. 1978)
1888 - Eugene O'Neill, American writer (d. 1953)
1890 - Michael Collins, Irish patriot (d. 1922)
1890 - Maria Goretti, Italian murder victim and saint (d. 1902)
1895 - Ling Hau Shang, Convicted Triad Leader (d. 1954)
1897 - Louis de Cazenave, French World War I veteran (d. 2008)
1900 - Primo Conti, Italian painter and poet (d. 1988)
1901 - Federico Munerati, Italian footballer (d. 1980)
1903 - Big Joe Williams, American blues guitarist (d. 1982)
1905 - Ernst Kuzorra, German footballer (d. 1990)
1908 - Enver Hoxha, Albanian political leader (d. 1985)
1912 - Clifford Hansen, American politician, Governor of Wyoming (d. 2009)
1914 - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (d. 2007)
1918 - Louis Althusser, French Marxist philosopher (d. 1990)
1918 - Géori Boué, French soprano (d. 2017)
1918 - Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician (d. 2013)
1918 - Henri Vernes, Belgian writer and comics creator
1922 - Max Bygraves, English singer, songwriter and entertainer (d. 2012)
1923 - Bill McLaren, Scottish rugby commentator (d. 2010)
1923 - Linda Darnell, American actress (d. 1965)
1925 - Angela Lansbury, British-born actress
1927 - Günter Grass, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
1928 - Mary Daly, American philosopher, theologian and professor (d. 2010)
1928 - Ann Morgan Guilbert, American actress (d. 2016)
1929 - Fernanda Montenegro, Brazilian actress
1929 - Ivor Allchurch, Welsh footballer (d. 1997)
1930 - John Polkinghorne, English physicist, theologian and priest
1930 - Carmen Sevilla, Spanish actress and singer
1931 - Valery Klimov, Ukrainian-Russian violinist
1931 - Charles Colson, American Watergate conspirator (d. 2012)
1932 - Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, German politician and manager (d. 1991)
1932 - Gudbergur Bergsson, Icelandic writer
1936 - Akira Machida, Japanese judge, 15th Chief Justice of Japan
1936 - Peter Bowles, English actor
1936 - Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (d. 1994)
1938 - Nico, German musician, fashion model and actress (d. 1988)
1940 - Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
1941 - Baddeley Devesi, 1st Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (d. 2012)
1941 - Tim McCarver, American baseball player and sportscaster
1941 - Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, English computer programmer and politician
1943 - Fred Turner, Canadian bassist (Bachman–Turner Overdrive)
1946 - Suzanne Somers, American actress
1947 - Bob Weir, American singer and musician
1947 - Terry Griffiths, Welsh snooker player
1947 - David Zucker, American director and screenwriter
1950 - Angry Grandpa, American internet personality (d. 2017)
1952 - Glenys Thornton, Baroness Thornton, English politician
1954 - Corinna Harfouch, German actress
1954 - Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean, Scottish politician
1956 - Marin Alsop, American conductor
1958 - Tim Robbins, American actor, director, and writer
1959 - Tessa Munt, English politician
1959 - John Whittingdale, English politician
1960 - Bob Mould, American singer and guitarist
1960 - Cressida Dick, English police officer, Head of the London Metropolitan Police
1960 - Guy LeBlanc, Canadian keyboardist and composer (d. 2015)
1961 - Yahiro Kazama, Japanese footballer
1962 - Manute Bol, Sudanese basketball player (d. 2010)
1962 - Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian opera singer (d. 2017)
1962 - Flea, Australian-American musician (Red Hot Chilli Peppers)
1964 - James Thompson, American-Finnish author (d. 2014)
1965 - Steve Lamacq, British DJ
1965 - Tom Tolbert, American basketball player
1966 - Stefan Reuter, German footballer
1967 - Davina McCall, English television presenter
1968 - Francesco Libetta, Italian pianist, composer and conductor
1970 - Mehmet Scholl, German footballer
1972 - Adrianne Frost, American comedienne, actress and author
1972 - Tomas Lindberg, Swedish singer-songwriter
1973 - Justin Credible, American wrestler
1973 - Thomas Myhre, Norwegian footballer
1974 - Paul Kariya, Canadian ice hockey player
1975 - Brynjar Gunnarsson, Icelandic footballer
1975 - Kellie Martin, American actress and director
1977 - John Mayer, American singer-songwriter
1979 - Erin Brown, American actress, model, movie maker and musician
1982 - Prithotraj Sukumaran, Indian actor, producer and singer
1982 - Cristian Riveros, Paraguayan footballer
1982 - Frédéric Michalak, French rugby player
1983 - Rémi Ochlik, French photographer (d. 2012)
1983 - Philipp Kohlschreiber, German tennis player
1983 - Loreen, Swedish singer
1984 - Shayne Ward, English singer, winner of the 2005  X Factor
1985 - Verena Sailer, German sprinter
1985 - Casey Stoner, Australian motorcycle racer
1986 - Inna, Romanian singer
1986 - Craig Pickering, British sprinter
1988 - Zoltan Stieber, Hungarian footballer
1988 - Tumua Anae, American water polo player
1989 - Dan Biggar, Welsh rugby player
1990 - Johanna Gudrun Jonsdottir (Yohanna), Icelandic singer
1990 - Amina Sato, Japanese singer (AKB48)
1991 - Jedward, Irish pop singers
1992 - Viktorija Golubic, Swiss tennis player
1992 - Bryce Harper, American baseball player
1994 - Amelia Lily, English singer
1997 - Naomi Osaka, Japanese tennis player
2003 - Princess Kritika of Nepal, Nepalese princess
640 – Saint Gall, monk and missionary (b. around 550)
1333 - Antipope Nicholas V (b. 1260)
1355 - Louis, King of Sicily (b. 1337)
1396 - Agnolo Gaddi, Italian painter
1553 – Lucas Cranach the Elder, German painter (b. 1472)
1591 – Pope Gregory XIV (b. 1535)
1628 - Francois de Malherbe, French poet (b. 1555)
1655 - Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician and theorist (b. 1591)
1730 - Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, French-American explorer and politician (b. 1658)
1750 - Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German composer (b. 1687)
1755 - Gerard Majella, Italian saint (b. 1725)
1791 – Grigory Potemkin, Russian general and statesman (b. 1739)
1793 – Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (b. 1755)
1793 - John Hunter, Scottish anatomist (b. 1728)
1796 – Victor Amadeus III of Savoy (b. 1726)
1799 - Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Indian activist (b. 1760)
1822 – Eva Marie Veigel, Austrian ballet dancer (b. 1724)
1888 – John Wentworth, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1815)
1913 - Ralph Rose, American athlete (b. 1885)
1937 - Jean de Brunhoff, French poet and playwright (b. 1899)
1944 – Jon Sveinsson, Icelandic writer (b. 1857)
1946 - Nazi war criminals executed following Nuremberg trials:
Joachim von Ribbentrop, German politician (b. 1893)
Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian Nazi leader (b. 1892)
Julius Streicher, German propagandist (b. 1884)
Alfred Jodl, German military officer (b. 1890)
Ernst Kaltenbrunner, SS officer (b. 1903)
1947 - Jean de Brunhoff, French poet and playwright (b. 1899)
1951 – Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime Minister of Pakistan (b. 1895)
1952 - Ghulam Bhik Nairang, Indian-Pakistani Muslim leader and poet (b. 1876)
1954 – Jules Rimet, French football administrator (b. 1873)
1959 – George Marshall, United States Secretary of State (b. 1880)
1962 - Gaston Bachelard, French philosopher and poet (b. 1884)
1966 - George O'Hara, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1899)
1971 - Robin Boyd, Australian architect (b. 1919)
1973 - Gene Krupa, American drummer and composer (b. 1909)
1975 - Vittorio Gui, Italian conductor and composer (b. 1885)
1981 - Moshe Dayan, Israeli general (b. 1915)
1982 – Mario del Monaco, Italian tenor (b. 1915)
1983 - Jakob Gotovac, Croatian composer (b. 1895)
1983 - Willi Ritschard, Swiss politician (b. 1918)
1989 - Cornel Wilde, American actor (b. 1915)
1990 – Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (b. 1919)
1991 - Ole Beich, Danish bass player (b. 1955)
1992 - Shirley Booth, American actress and singer (b. 1898)
1997 – James Michener, American writer (b. 1907)
2003 – Laszlo Papp, Hungarian boxer (b. 1926)
2004 - Pierre Salinger, White House Press Secretary (b. 1925)
2006 – Valentin Paniagua Corazao, President of Peru (b. 1936)
2007 – Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (b. 1921)
2007 – Tose Proeski, Macedonian singer (b. 1981)
2010 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (b. 1915)
2011 – Dan Wheldon, British auto racer (b. 1978)
2012 - Eddie Yost, American baseball player (b. 1926)
2013 - Ed Lauter, American actor (b. 1938)
2014 - John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough, English peer (b. 1926)
2014 - Patrick Paul D'Souza, Indian bishop (b. 1928)
2014 - Sumi Haru, American actress (b. 1939)
2014 - Tim Hauser, American musician (b. 1941)
2015 - Ralph Andrews, American television producer (b. 1928)
2015 - Francesc de Paula Burguera, Spanish journalist (b. 1928)
2016 - Anthony Foley, Irish rugby player and coach (b. 1973)
2016 - Kigeli V, former King of Rwanda (b. 1936)
2016 - Arsen Pavlov, Russian soldier (b. 1983)
2017 - Roy Dotrice, English actor (b. 1923)
2017 - Sean Hughes, Irish actor and comedian (b. 1965)
2017 - Daphne Caruana Galizia, Maltese blogger and journalist (b. 1964)
2017 - John Dunsworth, Canadian actor (b. 1946)
Teacher's Day (Poland, Chile)
World Food Day (FAO)
Air Force Day (Bulgaria)
World Anesthesia Day
February 21 – Antonio López de Santa Anna
41 - Tiberius is confirmed as Roman Emperor by the Roman Senate following the natural death of Augustus Caesar on August 19.
96 – Nerva becomes Roman Emperor, after the murder of Domitian.
324 - Constantine I decisively defeats Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing his own control over the whole Roman Empire.
1180 - Philip Augustus becomes King of France.
1502 – Christopher Columbus lands in present-day Costa Rica on his final voyage.
1635 - Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor declares war on France.
1679 - New Hampshire becomes a county of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1714 - George I of Great Britain arrives in Great Britain for the first time since becoming King on August 1.
1739 - The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, giving Belgrade to the Roman Empire.
1759 - Seven Years' War: The British capture Quebec City.
1793 – The first cornerstone for the US Capitol building is laid by George Washington.
1809 - The Royal Opera House in London opens.
1810 – The process towards Chilean independence begins with the formation of the first government junta.
1812 - The 1812 Fire of Moscow dies down after destroying three quarters (75%) of the city.
1814 - The Congress of Vienna begins, with discussions on a new order in Europe.
1851 - First publication of what later becomes The New York Times.
1870 – The Old Faithful Geyser at Yellowstone is first observed by Henry D. Washburn.
1872 – Oscar II of Sweden and Norway becomes King.
1882 - The Pacific Stock Exchange opens.
1895 - Daniel David Palmer gives the first chiropractic adjustment.
1906 – A Typhoon and Tsunami kill around 10,000 people in Hong Kong.
1910 - 25,000 people demonstrate in Amsterdam for equal voting rights.
1911 - Russian Premier Pyotr Stolypin is shot at the Kiev Opera House.
1914 - The Irish Home Rule Act becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
1914 - World War I: South African troops land in what was then German South West Africa (now Namibia).