the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Željko Kalac (born 16 December 1972) is an Australian football player.
He has played for the Australian national team.
|1989/90||rowspan="4"|Sydney Croatia||rowspan="4"|National Soccer League||11||0||||||||||||||11||0
|1991/92||21||0||||||||||||||21||0
|1992/93||11||0||||||||||||||11||0
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|Sydney United||rowspan="2"|National Soccer League||25||0||||||||||||||25||0
|1994/95||24||0||||||||||||||24||0
|1995/96||Leicester City||First Division||1||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Sydney United||rowspan="2"|National Soccer League||7||0||||||||||||||7||0
|1997/98||15||0||||||||||||||15||0
|1998/99||rowspan="4"|Roda||rowspan="4"|Eredivisie||33||0||||||||||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|1999/00||30||0||||||||||4||0||34||0
|2000/01||20||0||||||||||0||0||20||0
|2001/02||32||0||||||||||7||0||39||0
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Perugia||rowspan="2"|Serie A||22||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||30||0
|2003/04||29||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0||40||0
|2004/05||Serie B||29||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|2005/06||rowspan="4"|Milan||rowspan="4"|Serie A||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||7||0
|2006/07||10||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||16||0
|2007/08||25||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0||32||0
|2008/09||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||1||0
|2009/10||Kavala||Super League||||||||||||||||||||
Quincy Owusu-Abeyie (born 15 April 1986) is a Ghanaian football player.
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Arsenal||rowspan="2"|Premier League||1||0
|2006||rowspan="2"|Spartak Moscow||rowspan="2"|Premier League||15||1
|2007/08||Celta Vigo||Segunda División||21||4
|2008/09||Birmingham City||League Championship||19||2
|2008/09||Cardiff City||League Championship||5||0
|2009||Spartak Moscow||Premier League||8||2
|2009/10||Portsmouth||Premier League||||
The Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy of the United States, proclaimed in 1823 during the presidency of President James Monroe.
It said that European powers do not belong in The Americas, or in the western hemisphere in general.
In particular, most of the Spanish Empire in South America had recently become independent, due to the Napoleonic Wars against France.
Having won the Peninsular War, Spain wanted its empire back, and the Monroe Doctrine said the United States would resist that.
The United Kingdom agreed and helped enforce the Monroe Doctrine.
1820s in the United States
Cynthia Wade is an American movie director.
She makes documentary movies.
She directed a short movie in 2007 called Freeheld which won an Academy Award (Oscar).
She lives in New York City with her husband and children.
1993: America Undercover (TV series)
1995: Almost Home
1999: Grist for the Mill
2003: Shelter Dogs
2007: Freeheld
2009: Living the Legacy: The Untold Story of Milton Hershey School
Cynthia Wade's website
Don Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, Duke of Rivas () (March 10, 1791 - June 22, 1865), was a Spanish poet, dramatist and politician born in Córdoba.
He is best known for his play Don Álvaro; o, La fuerza del sino (1835), the first Spanish Romance romantic success in the Spanish theater.
Duque de Rivas, Obras completas (Madrid 1956).
R. Cardwell, "Don Álvaro or the Force of Cosmic Injustice" in Studies in Romanticism 12 (1973): 559-79.
D. T. Gies The Theater in Nineteenth-Century Spain (Cambridge 1994).
G. H. Lovett, The Duke of Rivas (Boston 1977).
W. T. Pattison, "The secret of Don Álvaro" in Symposium 21 (1967): 67-81.
J. Valero and S. Zighelboim, "Don Álvaro o la fuerza del signo" in Decimononica 3 (2006): 53-71.
Don Álvaro, or the Force of Fate  (description of English translation by Robert G. Trimble)
People from Córdoba, Andalusia
Eastern religions is the name for a number of religions that had originated in South, East and Southeast Asia.
They are grouped together because their ways of thinking, and worship are different from what are called the Western, African and Iranian religions, which originated elsewhere.
pt:Religiões do Extremo Oriente
The solidbody electric guitar Les Paul which is named after him is made by the American company Gibson.
It is one of the most famous guitar models in rock music history.
Musicians from Wisconsin
WarGames is a 1983 American science fiction thriller teen movie starring Matthew Broderick and Ally Sheedy and directed by John Badham.
The movie follows a computer hacker named David Lightman (Broderick) who breaks into a NORAD war games simulation computer that he thinks is really the computer for a computer game company.
Lightman begins a series of events that could start World War III.
The movie was nominated for three Academy Awards and was a big hit.
It continues to be popular.
The movie begins with two air force officers in a nuclear missile silo who are ordered to fire the missiles in the silo.
The officers believe the order to be real and begin to fire the missiles.
One of the officers decides not to fire and so the US government replaces all the men in the missile silos with computer control.
David Lightman (Broderick) is a smart high school student and computer hacker that at first limits himself to changing his and a girl whom he likes a lot, Jennifer's (Sheedy) grades from failing to passing grades: Lightman being smart but not motivated at school.
A little while later David uses his IMSAI 8080 computer to dial many phone numbers and finds a backdoor into a NORAD war games simulation computer called WOPR (nicknamed the Whopper).
At first David is looking for new computer games to download and play and believes that the WOPR is actually the computer of a company that makes new computer games.
After finding a list of games on the computer decides to play a game.
WOPR (who is an Artificial Intelligence computer) asks David for a password and after doing some research on the computer's creator Professor Steven Falken he guesses that the password is named after the creator's dead son, Joshua.
After logging in using the correct password, W.O.P.R. believes David to actually be Dr. Falken whom the computer had believed to be dead.
The computer (which David now calls "Joshua") asks him if he would like to play a game.
David selects the game "Global Thermonuclear War".
Doing so starts off a series of events that will end up taking the World into World War III unless it is stopped.
The television news later reports that the USA went on high-alert due to a computer error leading David and Jennifer to wonder if they had caused the problem.
David throws away the evidence of his calling Joshua but the computer calls David back.
David then asks Joshua if the game it is playing is real or not, Joshua relies "what is the difference?"
At this point David learns that Joshua is not a computer game companies' computer but a government one and is actually is playing the game for real.
He hangs up but Joshua calls him back, leading David to remove the cord from the back of his telephone.
David is then arrested by the FBI and taken to NORAD to answer charges of espionage.
David tries to explain that he was not trying to be a spy, but he is not believed.
Using things found in the medical office in which he is locked, David escapes from NORAD on a bus load of visitors to the facility.
After David escapes he telephones Jennifer (using Phreaking skills) to ask her to buy him an airplane ticket so he can go and see Falken and get his help in stopping Joshua.
Jennifer meets him and together then both go off to convince Falken to help them stop World War III.
Professor Falken has in fact resigned from NORAD because he believes war will happen no matter what any one does.
Jennifer and David try to convince him to help them explain to NORAD that this is just a game that Joshua is playing.
Falken tells them that it is not worth it as it may only buy them a few years but war will still happen.
He explains that they are lucky because he lives only a few miles from a primary target and that they will die in a instant.
David and Jennifer decide to try to stop the game anyway and try to leave the island.
Finding no way off the island since the last ferry has left, Jennifer says that they should "swim for it".
David admits he cannot swim.
Professor Falken shows up with a helicopter and together they all go to NORAD.
Inside NORAD Falken tells them it is all a game and they decide to allow the missiles that the Soviet Union has reportedly fired to land to see if it is real or a game.
The computer screens show the missiles landing but no missiles actually land.
This convinces NORAD that the whole thing was not real.
Joshua, however, decides to crack the launch codes and fire the USA's missiles for real.
David and Falken try to get Joshua to stop the firing and eventually succeed when Jennifer mentions the word "games".
After many tries they get Joshua to play tic-tac-toe against itself in an effort to teach it the meaning of  (a word meaning that there is no point to doing something, or that doing so will not help).
Joshua tries every game of tic-tac-toe possible and then tries the same thing with every scenario within the Global Thermonuclear War game.
Joshua then learns that war can not be won, and stops the game ending the threat of World War III.
The movie was a hit.
It was nominated for three Academy Awards.
The movie had a production budget of $12 million and had gross revenues of over $120 million making it a high earning movie.
Cult status
WarGames has a cult following amongst computer users and fans of the 1980s.
The movie led to the development of the term war dialing (the calling of phone numbers looking for computers to connect to and hack).
Matthew Broderick - David Lightman
Ally Sheedy - Jennifer
Dabney Coleman - McKitrick
John Wood - Steven Falken
Barry Corbin - General Baringer
Michael Madsen - Lt.
Steve Phelps
Artificial intellegence
American teen movies
Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a book about number theory written by the German mathematician and scientist Carl Friedrich Gauss.
The IMSAI 8080 was an early microcomputer begun in late 1975, based on the Intel 8080 and later 8085 and the S-100 bus.
It was compatible with its main competitor, the earlier MITS Altair 8800, by which it was inspired.
The IMSAI is largely thought of as the first "clone" computer.
The IMSAI machine used a highly modified version of the CP/M operating system called IMDOS.
It was designed, made and sold by IMS Associates, Inc. (later renamed IMSAI Manufacturing Corp).
In total, between 17,000 and 20,000 units were produced from 1975 until 1978.
In May 1972, William Millard began business as IMS Associates (IMS) in the area of computer consultancy and engineering, using his home as an office.
By 1973, Millard began IMS Associates, Inc. Millard soon found capital for his business, and received several contracts, all for software.
In 1974, IMS was contacted by a client which wanted a "workstation system" that could do jobs for any General Motors new-car dealership.
IMS planned a system including a terminal, small computer, printer, and special software.
Five of these work stations were to have common access to a hard disk, which would be controlled by a small computer.
Intel had announced the 8080 chip, and compared to the 4004 to which IMS Associates had first used, the 8080 looked like a better idea.
Full scale development of the IMSAI 8080 was begun, and by October 1975 an advertisement was placed in the magazine Popular Electronics, receiving positive reactions.
IMS shipped the first IMSAI 8080 kits on December 16 1975.
In 1976, IMS was renamed to IMSAI Manufacturing Corporation because by then they were a manufacturing company, not a consultancy one.
By October 1979 the IMSAI corporation had gone bankrupt, and the 'IMSAI' trademark was acquired by Thomas "Todd" Fischer and Nancy Freitas (former early employees of IMS Associates), who continued manufacturing the computers under the IMSAI name as a division of Fischer-Freitas Co. Support for early IMSAI systems continues to this day.
Small business data processing applications
Data communications and data entry systems
Scientific applications
Computer sciences education and development
Banking and insurance applications
Military and general government applications
Personal computer systems
IMSAI in popular culture
An IMSAI 8080 and an acoustic coupler type modem were among the hacking tools used by the main character in the 1983 movie WarGames.
However, even by 1983 the acoustic coupler was out of date.
It was selected over a more modern model so that the audience would immediately recognize it as the device that connected to the telephone.
THE HISTORY OF IMSAI: The Path to Excellence, produced 1978
Jonathan Littman, Once Upon a Time in Computerland: The amazing Billion Dollar tale of Bill Millard's Computerland empire, 1987,
Distributor of IMSAI parts, docs and the Series Two model
Short description of the IMSAI 8080 with photos
The History of the IMSAI 8080
Obsolete Technology website - IMSAI 8080
The Computer Science Club - IMSAI 8080
old-computers.com - IMSAI 8080
Collection of old digital and analog computers at oldcomputermuseum.com
Marcus Bennett's IMSAI Documentation resource
The 2009 Romanian bus-train collision (), happened on 14 August 2009 at 14:10pm in Romania.
A bus and train hit each other on a level crossing.
Forteen people were killed.
It happened in Scânteia of Iaşi County in Romania on County Road 248C  It was originally thought that only 10 people died in the accident.
This was the worst accident in Romania in the past fifteen years.
The accident happened when a minibus carrying 16 passengers was moving across a level crossing.
The minibus was hit by a train as it was crossing the level crossing near Scânteia.
Everyone that was killed in the accident was on the bus, which included a child.
Two other people were badly injured.
The bus was hit in the center of it and was pushed a total of 350 meters by the train  The reason why the crash happened in the first place was because the bus driver did not follow the light signals or signs at the level crossing.
Photos and videos  on the accident (please be aware that these images may cause distress).
2009 in Europe
2000s disasters in Europe
2009 bus-train collision
Transport disasters in Europe
Tropical Storm Claudette was the third named storm of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season.
It was also the first tropical cyclone to affect the United States during 2009.
The storm formed on August 16, and it quickly gained strength.
The storm struck Santa Rosa Island, Florida, moved northwest, and dissipated over Alabama.
On August 16, Claudette dropped rainfall in parts of the Florida Panhandle.
The storm spawned a tornado near Cape Coral.
The tornado slammed a car into the side of a home.
One person drowned in high waves along the coast of Panama City.
The National Hurricane Center's Advisory Archive for Tropical Storm Claudette
The Suwannee River is a major river in north Florida and south Georgia in the United States.
It is 266 miles long.
Suwannee River Sill at Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge
US 441 at Fargo, Georgia
CR 6
US 41 at White Springs, Florida (Ed Scott Bridge)
SR 136 at White Springs, Florida
US 129 at Suwannee Springs, Florida
SR 249
US 90 at Ellaville, Florida
CR 250 at Dowling Park, Florida
CR 51 at Luraville, Florida (Hal W. Adams Bridge)
US 27 at Branford, Florida
CR 340 near Bell, Florida
US 19/US 98/Alternate US 27 at Fanning Springs, Florida (Joe H. Anderson Sr.
Bridge)
Suwannee Online
USF page with history
EPA info on Suwannee basin
Suwannee River Wilderness Trail
Info on the Suwannee River and surrounding areas from SRWMD
Suwanee River Watershed - Florida DEP
Recording of "Old Folks at Home" at the 1955 Florida Folk Festival; made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida
Rivers of Florida
Virtua Fighter was the first 3D fighting video game.
The Virtua Fighter game system revolves around three buttons and a directional lever.
The buttons are used for Punch, Kick and Guard.
The Guard button is used to defend against attacks.
Pressing the Guard and Punch buttons at the same time will result in a throw.
Throws only work when the opponent is not attacking.
The four sequels called Virtua Fighter 2, Virtua Fighter 3, Virtua Fighter 4, and Virtua Fighter 5 has been released in every consoles.
Sega video games
State Road A1A is a road in the U.S. State of Florida.
The road starts in Key West and ends in Callahan.
It is the main road through most towns in Florida along the Atlantic Ocean.
Events of death
Till was from Chicago, Illinois.
He went to see his relatives in the Mississippi Delta area when he spoke to 21-year-old Carolyn Bryant.
She was the married owner of a small grocery store.
Several nights later, Bryant's husband Roy and his half-brother J. W. Milam, went to Till's great-uncle's house.
They took Till to a barn.
It is believed that they beat him and removed one of his eyes  .
They then shot him in the head and put his body in the Tallahatchie River.
His body was found in the river three days later.
Till's body was returned to Chicago.
His mother wanted on a public funeral service with an open casket.
She wanted this to show the world how her son had been killed.
Tens of thousands of people went to his funeral or saw his casket.
Images of his body were published in black magazines and newspapers.
This caused support from both black and white people in the United States.
At first, local newspapers and law enforcement officials spoke against the violence and asked for justice.
They soon began dealing with national criticism by defending the people of Mississippi.
This led to support for the people said to be the killers.
The trial of those accused of killing Till had a large amount of press attention.
Bryant and Milam were acquitted of Till's murder.
They were not charged with his kidnapping.
Months later, when they could not be tried again because of double jeopardy, they said they killed him in a magazine interview.
Till's murder is considered an important event leading to the Civil Rights Movement.
Problems proving that the body was Till affected the trial.
This was a part of the reason for Bryant's and Milam's acquittals.
The case was reopened by the United States Department of Justice in 2004.
An autopsy of the body was done.
It was proven to be Till's body.
He was reburied in a new casket.
His old casket was given to the Smithsonian Institution.
Huie, William Bradford (January 1956).
The Shocking Story of Approved Killing in Mississippi, Look Magazine.
Retrieved February 2012.
1990 songs
Drew Bledsoe (14 February 1972)  is a former American football player.
He was a quarterback for the New England Patriots, the Buffalo Bills and the Dallas Cowboys.
Takeo Gerard Spikes (; born December 17, 1976) is an American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL).
Cincinnati Bengals players
is a survival horror video game series and there is a movie based on the same title.
The games are mostly about bad, evil or supernatural things that happen in the cursed town called Silent Hill and a specific person (i.e. the protagonist) whose gets trapped in it.
The series is known for its grotesque monsters, especially Pyramid Head, and for its music.
There have been 8 main games and 4 spin-off games.
There was also an HD Collection released with remastered ports of Silent Hill 2 and Silent Hill 3.
A game titled Silent Hills was in development for the PlayStation 4, with video game designer Hideo Kojima (mostly known as the creator of the Metal Gear series) as the project's director.
On April 27, 2015, it was confirmed by Konami that it had been cancelled.
Silent Hill (1999)
Silent Hill 2 (2001)
Silent Hill 3 (2003)
Silent Hill 4 (2004)
Silent Hill: Origins (2007)
Silent Hill: Homecoming (2008)
Silent Hill: Shattered Memories (2009)
Silent Hill: Downpour (2012)
Silent Hill: The Escape (2007)
Silent Hill: The Arcade (2008)
Silent Hill: Orphan (2007)
Silent Hill: Book of Memories (2012)
Penrith is a town near the M6 motorway in Cumbria, England.
It is to the north of the River Eamont.
In 2001, 14,756 people lived in the town.
Towns in Cumbria
Vijay Singh (born February 22, 1963 in Lautoka, Fiji) is a PGA Tour golfer.
He has won The Masters in 2000 and the PGA Championship in 1998 and 2004 and was the leading PGA Tour money winner in 2003, 2004 and 2008.
He was added to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2006.
Vijay also won the FedEx Cup in 2008.
Little Miss Sunshine is a 2006 American independent comedy-drama road movie that was shown at the Sundance Film Festival.
It is about a family who drives 800 miles from Albuquerque, New Mexico through Arizona to Redondo Beach, California in a Volkswagen Type 2 van so that the daughter to compete in a beauty contest for children.
On the way they have many problems, and learn to assist and help each other.
Movies set in Arizona
Cara Cunningham (formerly Chris Crocker; born December 7, 1987) is an American internet celebrity and singer.
She is best known for her viral video on video sharing website YouTube.
For her video entitled "Leave Britney Alone", she got over 30 million views.
She has also appeared on the Maury Povich TV program.
Prior to beginning her transition, Cunningham felt she could not be open or public about her gender identify and felt she had to present herself as gay, but she is heterosexual.
She often spoken of how hard it was growing up gay or transgender in eastern Tennessee.
In 2008 Crocker released her first single  "Mind in the Gutter".
In 2012 a documentary about Crocker, Me at the Zoo was shown at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival.
LGBT people from Tennessee
Andrea Fortunato (26 July 1971 – 25 April 1995) is a former Italian football player.
|1989/90||rowspan="2"|Como||Serie B||16||0
|1990/91||Serie C1||27||0
|1991/92||Pisa||Serie B||25||0
|1992/93||Genoa||Serie A||33||3
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|Juventus||rowspan="2"|Serie A||27||1
|1994/95||0||0
Neil Mellor (born 4 November 1982) is an English football player.
He plays for Preston North End.
|2002/03||Liverpool||Premier League||3||0||1||0||2||1||0||0||6||1
|2003/04||West Ham United||First Division||16||2||3||0||2||0||0||0||21||2
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Liverpool||rowspan="2"|Premier League||9||2||1||0||4||2||2||1||16||5
|2005/06||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2005/06||Wigan Athletic||Premier League||3||1||1||0||1||0||0||0||5||1
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Preston North End||rowspan="4"|League Championship||5||1||2||0||0||0||0||0||7||1
|2007/08||36||9||3||1||1||0||0||0||40||10
|2008/09||35||10||1||0||2||2||0||0||38||12
Sebastian Deisler (born 5 January 1980) is a former German football player.
|1998/99||Borussia Mönchengladbach||Bundesliga||17||1||2||0||0||0||19||1
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Hertha Berlin||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||20||2||1||0||8||0||29||2
|2000/01||25||4||0||0||4||0||29||4
|2001/02||11||3||1||0||1||0||13||3
|2002/03||rowspan="5"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||8||0||2||0||0||0||10||0
|2003/04||11||4||2||0||1||0||14||4
|2004/05||23||4||4||0||5||0||32||4
|2005/06||16||0||3||0||6||3||25||3
|2006/07||4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|2005||13||0
Adriano Correia Claro (born 26 October 1984) is a Brazilian football player.
He plays for Sevilla.
|2002||rowspan="3"|Coritiba||rowspan="3"|Série A||23||0||||||||||23||0
|2003||31||0||||||||||31||0
|2004||27||2||||||||||27||2
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Sevilla||rowspan="6"|La Liga||16||2||0||0||4||1||20||3
|2005/06||32||3||0||0||13||3||45||6
|2006/07||26||2||3||0||11||1||40||3
|2007/08||27||1||0||0||6||0||35||1
|2008/09||29||3||6||1||5||1||40||5
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
|1985/86||rowspan="5"|Yomiuri||rowspan="5"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|1989/90||4||0||||||0||0||4||0
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|NKK||JSL Division 1||11||0||||||2||0||13||0
|1991/92||JSL Division 2||21||1||colspan="2"|-||2||0||23||1
Soejima was born in Saga on July 26, 1959.
After graduating from Saga Commercial High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Yanmar Diesel in 1978.
After reserve team in 2 season, he was promoted top team in 1980.
In 1980, the club won the champions in Japan Soccer League and he was selected Best Eleven.
The club also won 1983 JSL Cup and 1984 Emperor's Cup.
He played 167 matches for the club until 1991.
In 1991, he moved to Division 2 club Sumitomo Metal and played in 1 season.
On June 9, 1980, Soejima debuted for the Japan national team against Hong Kong.
He played 3 games for Japan in 1980.
After retirement, Soejima started coaching career at Kashima Antlers (former Sumitomo Metal) in 1992.
He moved to Gamba Osaka in 1996.
In 1998, he returned to Cerezo Osaka (former Yanmar Diesel) and became a manager in 2000.
He was sacked in August 2001.
He managed his local club Sagan Tosu in 2002 and Vissel Kobe in 2003.
In 2005, he returned to Cerezo Osaka and managed youth team until 2008.
He moved to Kataller Toyama and became an assistant coach.
In 2010, he moved to Thespa Kusatsu and managed until 2012.
|1980||rowspan="11"|Yanmar Diesel||rowspan="11"|JSL Division 1||18||0
|1986/87||20||1
|1987/88||21||0
|1988/89||19||4
|1989/90||11||0
|1990/91||7||0
|1991/92||Sumitomo Metal||JSL Division 2||15||0
Footballers from Saga Prefecture
Lactic acid is an acid that is very common in nature.
Lactic Acid is a carboxylic acid with a chemical formula of C3H6O3.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered it in milk that had gone sour, in 1780.
Today it is used as an additive to food, to produce a sour taste.
Contrary to popular belief, it is not produced in muscles when a person exercises.
Lactate, on the other hand, is created within the muscles the more you exercise.
An asylum seeker is a person who was forced to flee from their country, due to democide genocide or mass murder. (
endangered) and routed to nearby countries to seek refuge but, is not accepted yet as a refugee.
Refugees and asylum seekers are different.
The decision whether a person is a refugee or not is most often left to certain government agencies with the host country.
This can lead to a situation where the country will see an asylum seeker neither as refugee nor as legitimate migrant.
Then they will be treated as an illegal immigrant (a person who is not a citizen of the country) even if their life was endangered in the country they fled from.
If a person comes to a country to seek asylum, their refugee status will then be assessed.
The government decides whether the person is in danger because of persecution, or if they are just trying to come to that country for free.
If a person is not a refugee, they will not have the rights of a refugee.
In that case, the government does not have to follow the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.
The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is an international agreement that defines who is a refugee.
It lists the rights of people who are granted asylum (allowed to live in another country because it is not safe to live in their home country).
It also lists the responsibilities of countries that give asylum to refugees.
The Convention also says which people are not seen as refugees, like war criminals.
The Convention was approved at a special United Nations conference on 28 July 1951.
At first, it only talked about protecting European refugees after World War II.
There were limits on how long the Convention would last, and who it protected.
But in 1967, a "protocol" (change) to the Convention took away these limits.
This protocol made the Convention apply to all refugees.
Because the convention was approved in Geneva, it is often called "the Geneva Convention."
But it is not one of the more well-known Geneva Conventions that talk about what kind of behavior is allowed during wars.
Denmark was the first state to ratify (agree to) the treaty, on 4 December 1952.
Today, 147 countries have agreed to the Convention, the Protocol, or both. (
See the map on this page.)
Chapter I. Definition of a Refugee
Chapter 1 is made up of Articles from 1 to 11.
Article 1 of the Convention (as updated) by the 1967 Protocol, gives the definition of a refugee:
"A person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.."
Their race;
Their religion;
Their nationality (what country they were born in);
Being in a certain social group; or
Having political beliefs that their government did not like
Chapter II.
Juridical Status
Chapter II is made up of Articles 12 to 16.
These talk about:
People's right to property (things they own)
People's right to freedom of association (the freedom to be part of any social group or political party they want to be)
Refugees' rights to be able to use the courts
Chapter III.
Article 17 says everyone has the right to "wage-earning employment" (the right to work for pay)
Article 18 says people also have the right to "self-employment"
Article 19 says refugees have the right to "liberal professions"
Chapter IV.
Rationing (being given food) (Article 20)
A place to live (Article 21)
Public relief (Article 23)
Good working conditions and social security (Article 24)
Chapter V. Administrative Measure
Chapter V is made of Articles 25 to 34.
These articles talk about the refugees' legal rights:
Article 31 says that a refugee who has entered a country illegally should not be punished, if the refugee did this to escape from a threat to his life or freedom
Article 32 says that a country must not make any refugee leave the country just because of national security or public order.
The country would have to have a specific reason to make that refugee leave the country.
Article 33 talks about "Prohibition of expulsion or return" (called "refoulement" in French).
That means no country can make a refugee leave or send them back to their home country, if in their home country their life or freedom would be in danger.
Article 34 says that when a country takes refugees in, the country has to do everything it can to help the refugees assimilate and become naturalised (change their nationality to their new country).
1951 to Today (UNHCR)
Full text of the Convention (UNHCHR)
States Parties to the Convention and Protocol (UNHCR)
Migration laws
Prenational flags
Subnational flags
Civil flags
Military flags
Coats of Mexican states
Lists of flags
Hurricane Iwa was a hurricane that hit the U.S. state of Hawaii.
Iwa was the 23rd tropical storm of the 1982 Pacific hurricane season.
The hurricane formed on November 1982, and passed near Kauai on November 24.
It died out the next day.
The storm caused very bad damage on the islands of Niihau, Kauai, and Oahu.
Some wind gusts reached 100 mph (160 km/h), and waves were over 30 feet (9 m) high.
Iwa damaged or destroyed 2,345 buildings and left 500 people without homes.
The storm caused four deaths.
Colima, a Mexican state
Colima, Colima, the capital city of Colima
Colima (volcano), a volcano in the state of Colima
Colima (spider), a spider from the Zodarriidae genus
Vinalhaven is a town in Knox County, Maine.
1,235 people live there.
Vassalboro is a town in Kennebec County, Maine.
It was founded in 1771.
4,047 people live there.
Several highways go through the city, U.S. Highway 201, U.S. Highway 202, Maine State Highway 3, Maine State Highway 9, Maine State Highway 32, and Maine State Highway 100.
It is surrounded by several cities, China to the east, Augusta to the south, Winslow to the north, and Sidney to the west.
It is home to the Grand View Topless Coffee Shop, which was featured heavily in the media.
Notable people from the city
Holman Day, author and editor
Henry H. Goddard, psychologist and eugenicist
Alfred Atmore Pope, industrialist and art collector
Jay is a town in Franklin County, Maine.
It was founded in 1785.
4,985 people live there.
Diablada is a typical ceremonial dance from Bolivia, Chile and Perú.
It is a representation of good forces against evil (bad) forces.
It is a mix of catholic and indigenous rites.
It is usually danced on carnival.
Hideki Matsunaga (born 8 February 1963) is a former Japanese football player.
Al-Sadd
Al-Khor
Umm-Salal
Al-Sailiya
Al-Kharitiyath
Al-Shamal
Al-Ahli Doha
Morishita was born in Shizuoka on December 28, 1960.
After graduating from Tokyo University of Agriculture, he joined Japan Soccer League club Yamaha Motors (later Júbilo Iwata) in 1983.
The club won the league champions in 1987/88 and he was selected Best Eleven.
He was also selected "Japanese Footballer of the Year awards" in 1987.
The club won the champions in 1992 and the 2nd place in 1993.
The club was promoted to J1 League from 1994.
He moved to JFL club Kyoto Purple Sanga in 1995.
In 1995 season, the club won the 2nd place and was promoted J1 League.
He played 313 games in the league.
On 4 June 1985, Morishita debuted for Japan national team against Malaysia.
He also played at 1986 World Cup qualification in 1985.
From 1986, he played as regular goalkeeper at 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics qualification in 1987.
From 1988, although he deprived of regular goalkeeper by Shigetatsu Matsunaga, he played all matches included Asian Games in 1990.
He played 28 games for Japan until 1991.
|1983||rowspan=11|Yamaha Motors||rowspan=9|JSL Division 1||14||0||||||||||14||0
|1984||16||0||||||||||16||0
|1985/86||21||0||||||||||21||0
|1988/89||19||0||||||||||19||0
|1989/90||21||0||||||5||0||26||0
|1990/91||20||0||||||2||0||22||0
|1991/92||21||0||||||1||0||22||0
|1992||rowspan=2|Football League||18||0||||||colspan=2|-||18||0
|1993||17||0||1||0||5||0||23||0
|1994||Júbilo Iwata||J1 League||32||0||1||0||4||0||37||0
|1995||rowspan=3|Kyoto Purple Sanga||Football League||28||0||1||0||colspan=2|-||29||0
|1996||rowspan=2|J1 League||29||0||3||0||14||0||46||0
|1997||13||0||2||0||6||0||21||0
Yasuyuki Kishino (born 13 June 1958) is a former Japanese football player.
|1984||rowspan="8"|Mazda||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|1989/90||28||0||||||2||0||30||0
|1990/91||24||3||||||3||0||27||3
|1991/92||JSL Division 1||0||0||||||1||0||1||0
|1992||rowspan="3"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||3||0||3||0
|1993||36||3||2||0||5||0||43||3
|1995||rowspan="2"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|Football League||28||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||31||2
|1996||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
Joaquin Costa (14 September 1846 - 8 February 1911) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and historian.
A mug shot, or booking photograph, is a photographic portrait taken after someone is arrested.
The mug shot is taken to allow law enforcement to have a photographic record of the arrested person to allow for identification by victims and investigators.
Most mug shots are two-part, with one side-view photo, and one front-view.
Antonio de Ulloa (12 January 1716 – 3 July 1795) was a Spanish general, explorer, author, astronomer, colonial administrator and the first Spanish governor of Louisiana.
He was born in Seville, the son of an economist.
In 1771, Richard Arkwright built a water-powered spinning mill at Cromford.
In 1776-1777, a larger mill was built nearby.
The "factory system "evolved from these two cotton mills.
Arkwright's inventions were first put into industrial-scale production.
The workers' housing was near the mills.
The mills and houses make up an architectural record of the development of the area.
Cromford's mills include Masson Mill, Upper Mill (1771) and Lower Mill (1776).
There buildings with various original functions: warehouses, workshops, a loom shop, mill managers' houses, etc.
The Cromford Canal was built in the 1790s as part of a route to Manchester.
Belper's mills were Belper North Mill (1804) and East Mill (1912).
Its houses are built from gritstone or locally made brick and roofed with Welsh slate.
Milford's factory buildings have been taken down, but much of the housing survives.
Many of the houses are in rows because of the hilly nature of the area.
The public buildings established by the Strutts include schools, churches, and public houses.
Darley Abbey had five water-powered mills - a paper mill, a corn mill, two flint mills (for porcelain production) and a leather mill.
Derwent Valley Miils website  at DerwentValleyMills.org
Derwent Valley Mills  at  WorldHeritageSite.org
The Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry or simply the Très Riches Heures (The Very Rich Hours of the Duke of Berry) is a richly decorated Book of Hours.
Such books contained prayers to be said by lay faithful at each of the canonical hours of the day.
The book was commissioned by Jean, Duc de Berry around 1410.
It is probably the most important illuminated manuscript of the 15th century, "le roi des manuscrits enluminés" ("the king of illuminated manuscripts").
The Très Riches Heures has 416 pages.
131 of them have large miniatures, many more have border decorations or historiated initials.
These artworks are among the high points of International Gothic painting, even though they are very small.
There are 300 decorated capital letters.
The book was worked on, over a period of nearly a century, in three main campaigns, led by the Limbourg brothers, Barthélemy van Eyck, and Jean Colombe.
The book is now Ms. 65 in the Musée Condé, Chantilly, France.
Bober, Harry. "
The Zodiacal Miniature of the Tres Riches Heures of the Duke of Berry: Its Sources and Meaning."
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 11, no.
1948 (1948).
Cazelles, Raymond, and Johannes Rathofer.
Book Title Illuminations of heaven and earth : the glories of the Très riches heures du duc de Berry.
New York: H.N. Abrams, 1988.
Longnon, John, Raymond Cazelles, and Millard Meiss.
The Tres Riches Heures of Jean, Duke of Berry.
New York: G. Braziller, 1969.
Manion, Margaret M. "Psalter Illustration in the Très Riches Heures of Jean de Berry."
Gesta (International Center of Medieval Art) 34, no.
2 (1995): 147–161.
Michael Camille.
“The Très Riches Heures: An Illuminated Manuscript in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.”
Critical Inquiry 17 (Autumn 1990).
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a number from 0 to 1 (higher is better) used to compare different countries.
It is published by United Nations Development Programme.
It is used to rank countries into different groups for example developed and developing countries.
Life expectancy at birth.
This is used to see how healthy the people in one country are.
It assumes that healthier people live longer on average.
Literacy is used to look at how educated people are, for example how many adults can read and write.
One third of this is the gross enrollment ratio, which measures how many of children of schooling age attend school.
Standard of living.
This is measured by calculating the gross domestic product with the total population so that it becomes comparable.
An error occurred when updating the data
Formulas used to calculate the data were changed when the data was updated
Thresholds which classify a country's development status changed
They found that 11 %, 21% and 34% of countries are currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error.
The authors suggest that the United Nations should stopthe practice of classifying countries into development bins because  the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.
In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries.
In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al.
The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al.
in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.
The HDI uses a weighted average for the different values.
This means that it can be used - to some extent - to compare countries.
It cannot be used to show the problems inside a country.
Also the index only takes into accounrt people of 20 years or older.
This leaves out problems such as infant mortality and children who do not reach that age.
Economist Bryan Kaplan points out another problem: Things needed in everyday life are underrepresented, education is overrepresented.
Unless the whole population is made of students and pupils, it is not possible to reach the maximum score for the education parameter.
At the moment, a Scandinavian country is at the top of the list.
This means that the HDI measures "how Scandiavian" a country is.
It would also mean that the country at the top of the list has no potential for improvement, which is certainly not the case.
The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011.
Below is the list of the "Very High Human Development" countries:
Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () mean changes in rank when compared to the new 2011 data HDI for 2010 – published in the 2011 report (p. 131).
<li> 0.943 ()
<li> 0.929 ()
<li> 0.910 ()
<li> 0.908 ()
<li> 0.905 ()
<li> 0.904 ()
<li> 0.903 ()
<li> 0.901 ()
<li> 0.898 ( 1)
<li> 0.898 ( -1)
<li> 0.897 ()
<li> 0.895 ()
<li value="17"> 0.888 ()
<li> 0.886 ()
<li> 0.885 ()
<li> 0.884 ()
<li> 0.882 ()
<li> 0.878 ()
<li> 0.874 ()
<li> 0.867 ()
<li> 0.866 ()
<li> 0.865 ()
<li> 0.863 ()
<li> 0.861 ()
<li> 0.846 ()
<li> 0.840 ()
<li> 0.838 ()
<li value="33"> 0.838 ()
<li> 0.835 ()
<li> 0.834 ()
<li> 0.832 ()
<li> 0.831 ()
<li> 0.816 ()
<li> 0.813 ()
<li> 0.810 ( 1)
<li> 0.809 ( -1)
<li> 0.806 ()
<li> 0.805 ()
<li> 0.797 ( 1)
<li> 0.796 ( -1)
<li> 0.793 ()
Shigekazu Nakamura (born 30 July 1958) is a former Japanese football player.
Division/Ligue 1: 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08
Coupe de France: 2007–08
Coupe de la Ligue: 2000–01
Trophée des Champions: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008
FIFA Confederations Cup: 2001, 2003
Ligue 1 Goalkeeper of the Year: 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06
Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06
Tatsuya Mochizuki (born 20 April 1963) is a former Japanese football player.
Caligula is a 1979 Italian-American historical movie.
It was directed by Tinto Brass.
It is about the life of Roman Emperor Caligula.
It stars Malcolm McDowell as Caligula.
Malcolm McDowell as Caligula
Teresa Ann Savoy as Drusilla
Guido Mannari as Macro
John Gielgud as Nerva (son of Marcus Cocceius Nerva (consul 36 BC))
Peter O'Toole as Tiberius
Giancarlo Badessi as Claudius
Bruno Brive as Tiberius Gemellus
Paolo Bonacelli as Cassius Chaerea
John Steiner as Longinus
Helen Mirren as Caesonia
Mirella D'Angelo as Livia
Italian biographical movies
Political movies
Anton Ferdinand (born 18 February 1985) is an English football player.
He plays for Sunderland.
|2003/04||rowspan="5"|West Ham United||First Division||20||0||3||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|2004/05||League Championship||29||1||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||1
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Premier League||33||2||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||38||2
|2006/07||31||0||1||0||1||0||1||0||34||0
|2007/08||24||2||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||28||2
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Sunderland||rowspan="2"|Premier League||31||0||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||36||0
He is best known as an association football player and coach.
Musashi Mizushima (born 10 September 1964) is a former Japanese football player.
|1989/90||rowspan="2"|Hitachi||JSL Division 1||12||0||||||||||12||0
|1990/91||JSL Division 2||7||6||||||0||0||7||6
|1991/92||All Nippon Airways||JSL Division 1||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
|1992||Yokohama Flügels||J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||1||0||1||0
Raúl Bravo (born 14 April 1981) is a Spanish football player.
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Real Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||6||0
|2002/03||2||1
|2002/03||Leeds United||Premier League||5||0
|2003/04||rowspan="4"|Real Madrid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||32||1
|2005/06||15||2
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Olympiacos||rowspan="2"|Super League||7||0
|2008/09||Numancia Soria||La Liga||6||0
|2009/10||Olympiacos||Super League||||
|1981||rowspan="11"|Matsushita Electric||rowspan="5"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|1986/87||JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|1987/88||JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|1990/91||20||0||||||1||0||21||0
|1991/92||20||0||||||3||0||23||0
|1992||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||5||0||5||0
|1993||26||1||2||0||6||1||34||2
|1994||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka||Football League||24||0||5||0||1||0||30||0
|1995||J. League 1||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
Qatar Stars League : 3
1963/64, 1964/65, 1965/66
Qatari football clubs
USL First Division was a football league that was the second division in United States, Canada and Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico Islanders
Carolina RailHawks
Miami FC (now Fort Lauderdale Strikers)
Virginia Beach Mariners
2010 disestablishments in North America
Pablo Gabriel García (born 11 May 1977) is an Uruguayan football player.
He plays for PAOK Thessaloniki.
|1996||rowspan="2"|Montevideo Wanderers||rowspan="2"|Primera División||18||0
|1998||Peñarol||Primera División||9||0
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||0||0
|2000/01||Milan||Serie A||5||0
|2001/02||Venezia||Serie A||14||0
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Osasuna||rowspan="3"|La Liga||22||1
|2004/05||29||1
|2005/06||Real Madrid||La Liga||22||0
|2006/07||Celta Vigo||La Liga||14||0
|2007/08||Real Murcia||La Liga||21||0
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|PAOK Thessaloniki||rowspan="2"|Super League||18||0
Bradley Wright-Phillips (born 12 March 1985) is an English footballer.
He plays for Plymouth Argyle.
He is a son of Ian Wright.
Iwao Yamane (born 31 July 1976) is a Japanese football player.
|1995||rowspan="4"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||6||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|1997||20||3||2||0||0||0||22||3
|1998||11||0||0||0||4||0||15||0
|1998||Oita Trinity||Football League||0||0||3||2||colspan="2"|-||3||2
|1999||rowspan="4"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||32||1||3||0||4||0||39||1
|2000||35||4||0||0||2||0||37||4
|2001||28||3||0||0||1||0||29||3
|2002||26||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||28||4
|2003||rowspan="3"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||39||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||43||1
|2005||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||2||0||5||0
|2006||rowspan="4"|Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 2||45||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||45||2
|2007||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||21||1||1||0||0||0||22||1
|2008||15||0||3||0||3||0||21||0
|2009||12||0||0||0||2||1||14||1
|2010||Zweigen Kanazawa||Football League||||||||||||||||
Zweigen Kanazawa players
|2000||rowspan="6"|Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2001||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||14||1||2||0||2||1||18||2
|2002||14||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|2003||40||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||43||0
|2004||24||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|2005||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|2006||rowspan="4"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||39||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||41||1
|2007||31||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||32||2
|2008||22||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|2009||J. League 1||16||0||0||0||5||0||21||0
|2010||rowspan="2"|Roasso Kumamoto||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||||||||||||||||
|2012||Matsumoto Yamaga|||||||||||||||
Footballers from Fukushima Prefecture
Makoto Kimura (born 10 June 1979) is a Japanese football player.
|2002||rowspan="4"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|2004||23||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|2006||rowspan="4"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||30||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||31||1
|2008||9||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|2009||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
Footballers from Fukui Prefecture
|1996||rowspan="8"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="8"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|2001||18||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|2002||6||0||3||0||3||0||3||0||15||0
|2003||2||0||0||0||0||0||3||0||5||0
|2004||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||4||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|2005||rowspan="3"|Ehime||Football League||30||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|2006||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|2007||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|1996||rowspan="5"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||23||1||2||0||13||2||38||3
|1997||29||4||3||2||6||0||38||3
|1998||28||2||2||1||4||2||34||5
|1999||16||2||2||0||3||1||21||3
|2000||24||0||1||0||3||0||28||0
|2001||rowspan="5"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 2||37||3||4||0||2||0||43||3
|2002||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||26||0||5||0||5||0||36||0