the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Zoroastrians believe Ahura Mazda created the good spirits (Spenta Mainyu), and Angra Mainyu the demons.
Zoroastrians believe people are free to choose between good and bad.
Choosing good will lead to happiness, and choosing bad will lead to unhappiness.
So it is the best to choose good.
Therefore, the motto of the religion is "Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds".
Zoroastrianism was the state religion of Persia starting in the 6th century BC, including the Sassanid dynasty.
In the 7th century AD, Persia was conquered by Islamic Arabs, and most Persians became Muslims.
Nowadays, there are about 2.6 million Zoroastrians in the world.
Most of them live in Iran, Pakistan or India.
In Pakistan and India, they are called Parsis.
Many Zoroastrians now live in the United States.
Basic beliefs
There is one God, called Ahura Mazda.
He is the one Uncreated Creator.
Zoroastrians worship only him.
Ahura Mazda created everything.
There is a conflict between order (which he created) and chaos (or disorder).
Everything in the universe is part of this conflict, including humans.
Lead an active life;
Do good deeds; and
Have good words and good thoughts for others.
People also need to do these things in order to be happy.
This active life is the basis of what Zoroastrians call free will.
They do not believe people should live on their own to find God (for example, in monasteries).
The conflict will not last forever.
Ahura Mazda will win it in the end.
When this happens, everything that Ahura Mazda created will be together with him again -  even the souls of people who died or who were banished.
All bad things in the world are represented as Angra Mainyu, the "Destructive Principle".
All good things are represented by Spenta Mainyu, the good spirit which Ahura Mazda created.
Through Spenta Maniu, Ahura Mazda is in all humans.
In this way, the Creator interacts with the world.
When Ahura Mazda created everything, he made seven "sparks", called Amesha Spentas ("Bounteous Immortals").
Each of them represents a part of Ahura Mazda's creation.
These seven sparks are helped by many "lesser principles",  the Yazatas.
Each Yazata is "worthy of worship" and also stands for a part of the creation.
Kulke, Eckehard: The Parsees in India: a minority as agent of social change.
München: Weltforum-Verlag (= Studien zur Entwicklung und Politik 3),
Jivanji Jamshedji Modi: A Few Events in The Early History of the Parsis and Their Dates, 2004, 114 p
Rustom C Chothia: Zoroastrian Religion Most Frequently Asked Questions, 2002, 44 p
UNESCO Parsi Zoroastrian Project
http://parsiana.com/
Zoroastrianism -Citizendium
The Science Olympiad is a nationwide event in the United States that tests students' knowledge in science and technology.
It started in 1982, and takes place every year.
Events in the United States
1982 establishments in the United States
A bookstore is a store that sells books, and where people can buy them.
A used bookstore or second-hand bookshop sells and often buys used books.
There are two main types: cloudy, and clear, each known simply as "lemonade" in their home countries.
Cloudy lemonade, generally found in North America and India, is a traditionally homemade drink made with lemon juice, water, and sweetened with cane sugar or honey.
Clear lemonade is a lemon, or lemon-lime flavored, carbonated soft drink.
This type is common in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand.
To make 8 cups of lemonade, mix the juice of 8 freshly squeezed lemons with 1/2 a cup of sugar and 5 cups of water and serve over ice cubes.
A diced (cut up) lemon or lime can also be added to mixture.
The sugar is sometimes replaced by maple syrup.
Pink lemonade can be made by adding some grenadine or another red juice, or using pink lemons.
Some pink lemonades are lightly carbonated, including French brand Lorina lemonade.
In the United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, and New Zealand, the term 'lemonade' refers to a clear, carbonated, sweet lemon-flavored soft drink.
In India it is commonly referred to as 'Nimbu paani' meaning "lemon water" or 'Shikanji'.
It is sold by street vendors, especially in North India.
Melting is the process of changing something from a solid into a liquid (like metal into liquid metal).
It is the opposite of freezing.
The temperature at which something begins to melt is called its melting point.
When an object is heated, the object's particles begin to move faster and faster until the structured particles are freed.
Now it is a liquid.
It is a solid that is turning into a liquid.
Ice takes longer to melt it is in cold water, because the water is near the melting point.
It melts more quickly in warm water, far from the melting point.
The terms "September 11" and "9/11" have been used by the media to refer to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in the United States of America.
9  The Battle of Teutoburg Forest finishes.
1041  Fire destroys most of Bremen's Old Town.
1297  Led by William Wallace, the Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
1390  The Teutonic Knights besiege Vilnius.
1541  Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors led by Michimalonko.
1565  Ottoman Empire forces retreat from Malta, ending the Great Siege of Malta.
1609  Henry Hudson arrives at the island of Manhattan.
1649  Under orders from Oliver Cromwell, the Drogheda Massacre is committed in Ireland.
1708  King Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to Moscow, by halting outside Smolensk, marking a turning point in the Great Northern War.
1714  Siege of Barcelona: Barcelona, capital city of Catalonia, surrenders to French and Spanish Bourbon armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.
1758  Seven Years' War: In the Battle of Saint Cast, France holds off a British invasion.
1775  American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold's expedition leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts, as part of the invasion of Quebec.
1776  A British-American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop the already started American Revolutionary War.
1789  Alexander Hamilton becomes the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.
1802  France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont.
1813  War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march and invade Washington, DC.
1814  War of 1812: Climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major US victory in the war.
1852  The State of Buenos Aires separates from the Argentine federal government, before re-joining on September 17, 1861.
1857  Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
1877  British three-mast sailing boat collides with another vessel off the Isle of Portland, sinking shortly after, killing 106 people.
1897  After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last King of Kaffa, bringing the ancient kingdom of Kaffa to an end.
1906  Mahatma Gandhi coins the term Satyagraha for the non-violent rights movement in South Africa.
1914  World War I: Australia invades the island of New Britain, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka.
1914  World War I: A battle at what is now Lviv, results in a Russian victory over Austria-Hungary, a defeat that the Habsburg monarchy never fully recovers from.
1916  The Quebec Bridge collapses, killing 11 people.
1919  US Marines invade Honduras.
1922  The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia.
1922  The British Mandate for Palestine begins.
1930  The biggest-recorded eruption of the Stromboli volcano in Italy takes place.
1931  Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Lucky Luciano's hitmen.
1941  Ground is broken for the construction of the Pentagon building.
1943  Holocaust: Start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis.
1944  An RAF bombing raid destroys the city of Darmstadt in Germany killing around 11,500 people.
1954  Hurricane Edna strikes New England, killing 29 people.
1961  Hurricane Carla hits Texas.
1961  The World Wide Fund for Nature is founded.
1962  The Beatles record their first single, Love Me Do.
1968  An Air France plane crashes in Nice, France, killing 95 people.
1971  The Egyptian Constitution becomes official.
1972  The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system has its opening day of passenger service.
1973  A military coup in Chile removes President Salvador Allende, who is subsequently killed in the event, from office.
General Augusto Pinochet is installed in his place, and remains in power until March 11, 1990.
1974  An Eastern Airlines plane crashes in Charlotte in North Carolina, killing 69 people.
1974  Charles T. Kowal discovers Jupiter's moon Leda.
1978  Janet Parker becomes the last person to die of smallpox.
1978  Georgi Markov dies four days after being attacked in London.
1985  Pete Rose breaks Ty Cobb's baseball record of most career hits when he hits his 4,192nd hit.
1989  Hungary opens the Iron Curtain for refugees from East Germany to travel to the West.
1990  US President George H. W. Bush proclaims a "New World Order".
1992  Hurricane Iniki hits the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Kauai.
1997  In a referendum, the people of Scotland vote in favour of a new Scottish Parliament.
1997  NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars.
1997  Fourteen Estonian soldiers die in the Kurkse Tragedy, drowning in the Baltic Sea.
1998  Beginning of the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the first time these games are held in Asia.
1999  Tennis player Serena Williams wins her first Grand Slam, at the US Open.
2001  In the September 11 attacks, Islamic extremists destroy the World Trade Center in New York City and part of The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia by crashing passenger planes into them.
Another airliner crashed in a field in Pennsylvania.
Almost 3,000 were killed.
The term "9/11" is often used to refer to these attacks.
2003  Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh dies aged 46, following a knife attack the previous day.
After Olof Palme in 1986, she is the second high-profile Swedish politician to be murdered.
2004  A helicopter crashes in the Aegean Sea, killing 17 people, including Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria.
2006  George Tupou V becomes king of Tonga, after the death of his father Taufa'ahau Tupou IV.
2007  Russia tests a thermobaric weapon.
2012  The US Embassy in Cairo, Egypt and Consulate in Benghazi, Libya are targeted in terrorist attacks by Islamic extremists.
4 Americans are killed in the attacks, including US Ambassador to Libya Christopher Stevens.
2012  A total of 315 people are killed in two garment factory fires in Pakistan.
2015  A crane collapse at Mecca's Central Mosque kills over 100 people.
2017  The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights says that a security operation targeting Rohingya people in Myanmar is a "textbook example of ethnic cleansing".
1182  Minamoto na Yoriie, Japanese shogun (d. 1204).
1470  Martin Waldseemüller, German cartographer (d. 1520).
1476  Louise of Savoy (d. 1531).
1522  Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian physician and naturalist (d. 1605).
1524  Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (d. 1585).
1525  John George, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1598).
1611  Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (d. 1675).
1656  Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, consort of Sweden (d. 1693).
1700  James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748).
1711  William Boyce, English composer (d. 1779).
1724  Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (d. 1790).
1743  Nicolai Abildgaard, Danish painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1809).
1749  Justus Perthes, German publisher (d. 1816).
1764  Valentino Fioravanti, Italian composer (d. 1837).
1771  Mungo Park, Scottish explorer (d. 1806).
1786  Friedrich Kuhlau, German composer (d. 1832).
1798  Franz Ernst Neumann, German physicist (d. 1895).
1816  Carl Zeiss, German lens maker (d. 1888).
1825  Eduard Hanslick, Austrian composer (d. 1904).
1838  John Ireland, American archbishop (d. 1918).
1845  Emile Baudot, French engineer and inventor (d. 1903).
1847  Mary Watson Whitney, American astronomer (d. 1921).
1853  Katharina Schratt, Austrian actress (d. 1940).
1860  James Allan, New Zealand rugby (d. 1934).
1862  O. Henry, American writer (d. 1910).
1862  Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, British field marshal and Governor-General of Canada (d. 1936).
1862  Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, British noblewoman (d. 1938)
1862  Hawley Harvey Crippen, American physician and murder suspect (d. 1910)
1865  Rainis, Latvian writer and politician (d. 1929).
1871  Scipione Borghese, 1st Prince of Sulmona, Italian racing driver, mountaineer and politician (d. 1927)
1877  Felix Dzerzhinsky, Polish-born Bolshevik revolutionary (d. 1926).
1877  James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1946).
1881  Asta Nielsen, Danish actress (d. 1972)
1885  D. H. Lawrence, English novelist (d. 1930).
1892  Pinto Colvig, American actor and cartoonist (d. 1967).
1892  Lucien Buysse, Belgian cyclist (d. 1980).
1895  Vinobe Bhave, Indian activist (d. 1982).
1895  Nur Ali Elahi, Iranian philosopher and musician (d. 1974).
1896  Robert S. Kerr, 12th Governor of Oklahoma (d. 1963).
1899  Jimmie Davis, American country music singer-songwriter and politician, Governor of Louisiana (d. 2000).
1900  Semyon Lavochkin, Russian aircraft engineer (d. 1960).
1903  Theodor W. Adorno, German philosopher and sociologist (d. 1969).
1904  Ludwik Gross, Polish-American cancer researcher and virologist (d. 1999)
1910  Gerhard Schröder, German politician (d. 1989).
1913  Jacinto Convit, Venezuelan physician and scientist (d. 2014).
1913  Bear Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983).
1914  Pavle, Serbian Patriarch (d. 2009).
1915  Raul Alberto Lastiri, Argentine politician and interim President (d. 1978).
1917  Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (d. 1989).
1917  Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (d. 2012).
1917  Jessica Mitford, British writer (d. 1996).
1921  Yidnekatchew Tessema, Ethiopian footballer (d. 1987).
1924  Daniel Akaka, American politician. (
d. 2018)
1924  Tom Landry, American football coach (d. 2000).
1928  Reubin Askew, 37th Governor of Florida (d. 2014).
1928  Earl Holliman, American actor.
1928  William X. Kienzle, American priest and author (d. 2001).
1929  Patrick Mayhew, English lawyer and politician.
1930  Saleh Salim, Egyptian footballer, manager and actor (d. 2002).
1931  Hans-Ulrich Wehler, German historian and academic (d. 2014).
1932  Gavril Dejeu, Romanian politician.
1933  Rachid Sfar, former Prime Minister of Tunisia.
1935  Arvo Part, Estonian composer.
1935  Gherman Titov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2000).
1937  Queen Paola of Belgium.
1937  Robert Crippen, American astronaut.
1937  Joseph Kobzon, Soviet-Ukrainian singer.
1940  Theodore Olsen, American politician.
1940  Nong Duc Manh, Vietnamese Communist politician.
1940  Brian De Palma, American director.
1943  Mickey Hart, American musician.
1943  Jack Ely, American guitarist and singer (d. 2015).
1944  Serge Haroche, French physicist.
1944  Everaldo, Brazilian footballer (d. 1974).
1944  Freddy Thielemans, Belgian politician.
1945  Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer.
1948  John Martyn, British musician (d. 2009).
1950  Amy Madigan, American actress.
1950  Eijun Kiyokumo, Japanese footballer.
1951  Miroslav Dvorak, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2008).
1953  Tommy Shaw, American singer-songwriter and guitarist.
1955  Enzo Ghinazzi, Italian singer, presenter, actor and writer.
1956  Tony Gilroy, American screenwriter and director.
1957  Brad Bird, American actor, animator, director and screenwriter.
1957  Jon Moss, English drummer
1960  Hiroshi Amano, Japanese physicist.
1960  Predrag Nikolic, chess player from Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1961  Virginia Madsen, American actress.
1962  Julio Salinas, Spanish footballer.
1962  Kristy McNichol, American actress.
1963  Pietro Ferrero Jr., Italian businessman (d. 2011).
1965  Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria.
1965  Moby, American musician.
1965  Graeme Obree, British cyclist.
1965  Paul Heyman, American wrestling manager and promoter.
1966  Princess Akishino of Japan.
1967  Harry Connick, Jr., American singer.
1967  Sung Jae-gi, South Korean activist (d. 2013).
1968  Slaven Bilic, Croatian footballer.
1969  Gidget Gein, American musician (d. 2008).
1970  Taraji P. Henson, American actress and singer.
1970  Aaron Dworkin, American violinist.
1971  Richard Ashcroft, English musician.
1971  Johnny Vegas, English comedian.
1972  Sohrab Bakhtiarizadeh, Iranian footballer.
1977  Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player.
1977  Ludacris, American rapper, producer and actor.
1977  Jonny Buckland, English guitarist (Coldplay)
1978  Dejan Stankovic, Serbian footballer.
1978  Pablo Contreras, Chilean footballer.
1979  Eric Abidal, French footballer.
1979  David Pizarro, Chilean footballer.
1979  Ariana Richards, American actress.
1979  Cameron Richardson, American actress.
1981  Andrea Dossena, Italian footballer.
1981  Charles Kelley, American country music singer (Lady Antebellum).
1981  Dylan Klebold, shooter in the Columbine massacre (d. 1999).
1983  Lauryn Williams, American athlete.
1985  Shaun Livingston, American basketball player.
1987  Mai Oshima, Japanese singer (AKB48).
1987  Susianna Kentikian, Armenian-German boxer.
1987  Tyler Hoechlin, American actor.
1988  Lee Yong Dae, South Korean badminton player.
1989  Asuka Kuramochi, Japanese singer (AKB48).
1990  Jo Inge Berget, Norwegian footballer.
1991  Anastasia Rybachenko, Russian activist.
1992  Jordan Ayew, Ghanaian footballer.
1993  Lena Lotzen, German footballer.
1063  King Bela I of Hungary.
1161  Queen Melisende of Jerusalem (b. 1105).
1298  Philip of Artois (b. 1269).
1349  Bonne of Bohemia (b. 1315).
1380  King Haakon VI of Norway (b. 1040).
1677  James Harrington, English political philosopher (b. 1611).
1680  Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (b. 1596).
1721  Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (b. 1665).
1733  Francois Couperin, French composer (b. 1868).
1760  Louis Godin, French astronomer (b. 1704).
1788  José, Prince of Brazil (b. 1761).
1823  David Ricardo, English economist (b. 1772).
1843  Joseph Nicollet, French mathematician and explorer (b. 1786).
1865  Louis Juchault de Lamoriciere, French general and statesman (b. 1806).
1876  Nathaniel B. Baker, 24th Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1818).
1888  Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina (b. 1811).
1911  Louis Henri Boussenard, French explorer (b. 1847).
1915  William Sprague, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1830).
1917  Georges Guynemer, French pilot (b. 1894).
1931  Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American crime figure (b. 1886).
1932  Stanislaw Wigura, Polish pilot (b. 1901).
1932  Franciszek Zwirko, Polish pilot (b. 1895).
1939  Konstantin Korovin, Russian painter (b. 1861).
1941  Christian Rakovsky, Bulgarian-born socialist revolutionary (b. 1873).
1947  Alice Keppel, English socialite and mistress to Edward VII of the United Kingdom (b. 1868).
1948  Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan (b. 1876).
1949  Henri Rabaud, French composer and conductor (b. 1873).
1950  Jan Smuts, South African politician (b. 1870).
1950  Alvaro Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1863).
1956  Herminio Masantonio, Argentine footballer (b. 1910).
1958  Robert W. Service, Scottish-Canadian poet (b. 1874).
1958  Camillien Houde, Canadian politician, 34th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1889).
1971  Nikita Krushchev, Soviet political leader (b. 1894).
1973  Salvador Allende, President of Chile (b. 1908).
1973  E. E. Evans-Pritchard, British anthropologist (b. 1902).
1978  Ronnie Peterson, Swedish racing driver (b. 1944).
1978  Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (b. 1929).
1978  Janet Parker, British smallpox victim (b. 1938).
1986  Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Greek politician and academic (b. 1902).
1987  Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician (b. 1944).
1988  Roger Hargreaves, English writer (The Mr. Men) (b. 1934).
1994  Jessica Tandy, English-American actress (b. 1909).
1997  Camille Henry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1933).
Deaths in the September 11 attacks
2001  People killed in the September 11 attacks, including:
David Angell, American sitcom creator (b. 1946).
Berry Berenson, widow of the actor Anthony Perkins (b. 1948).
Daniel M. Lewin, American technician (b. 1970).
Mychal Judge, American priest (b. 1933).
Garnet Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1948).
Carolyn Beug, American movie maker (b. 1953).
Charles Burlingame, American pilot (b. 1949).
William M. Feeham, American firefighter (b. 1929).
Peter J. Ganci, American firefighter (b. 1946).
Timothy Maude, American military officer (b. 1947).
Barbara Olson, American political commentator (b. 1955).
Mohamed Atta, Egyptian terrorist (b. 1968).
Wail al-Shehri, Saudi terrorist (b. 1973).
Nawaf al-Hazmi, Saudi terrorist (b. 1973).
Majed Moqed, Saudi terrorist (b. 1977).
Abdulaziz al-Omari, Saudi terrorist (b. 1979).
After 2001
2002  Kim Hunter, American actress (b. 1922).
2002  Johnny Unitas, American football player (b. 1933).
2003  Anna Lindh, Swedish foreign minister (b. 1957).
2003  John Ritter, American actor (b. 1948).
2004  Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa (b. 1949).
2006  Joachim Fest, German historian (b. 1926).
2007  Ian Porterfield, British footballer (b. 1945).
2009  Yoshito Usui, Japanese manga artist (b. 1958).
2009  Juan Almeida Bosque, Cuban revolutionary (b. 1927).
2009  Gertrude Baines, American supercentenarian and oldest person in the world at the time of her death (b. 1894).
2010  Kevin McCarthy, American actor (b. 1914).
2011  Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor (b. 1972).
2012  Sergio Livingstone, Chilean footballer (b. 1920).
2012  Sean Smith, American diplomat.
2012  J. Christopher Stevens, American diplomat (b. 1960).
2014  Joachim Fuchsberger, German actor and entertainer (b. 1927).
2014  Donald Sinden, English actor (b. 1923).
2014  Antoine Duhamel, French composer (b. 1925).
2014  Bob Crewe, American songwriter and record producer (b. 1931).
2014  Rudolf Kortokraks, German-Austrian painter (b. 1928).
2014  Kendall Francois, American serial killer (b. 1971).
2014  Hamish McHamish, Scottish celebrity cat (b. 1999).
2015  Alan Purwin, American helicopter pilot and aerial film operator (b. 1961).
2016  Alexis Arquette, American actress (b. 1969).
2016  Ben Idrissa Dermé, Burkinabe footballer (b. 1982).
2017  Abdul Halim of Kedah, former King of Malaysia (b. 1927).
2017  J. P. Donleavy, Irish-American writer (b. 1926).
2017  Alfred Gadenne, Belgian politician (b. 1946).
2017  Peter Hall, English theatre and film director (b. 1930).
National Day of Catalonia.
Patriot Day in the US.
Ethiopian New Year.
Essex is a county in the east of England.
It has a population of around 1,750,000 people.
It is part of the East of England region.
Chelmsford is the county town of Essex, as well as being its only city.
Essex has London and Hertfordshire on its western border and the whole of the east of the county is coast-line.
The north of the county borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire.
The south of the county is on the Thames Estuary.
The Dartford Tunnel can be used to drive under the River Thames between Essex and Kent.
There has been lots of recent debate about whether certain sections of East London should be included as parts of Essex, such as Ilford and Romford.
Due to boundary changes across the years, these areas were historically in Essex but have been dissolved into the Greater London area since.
Kingdom of Essex
A county town is the most important town of any county in Britain and Ireland.
In the United States the town is called the county seat.
It can be the place where the headquarters of the county council is based, or the place where the courts are.
It has usually been the county town for hundreds of years.
It could also be the biggest or most important town in the county.
There is often a university in or near the county town.
Cities can also be county towns, such as Hereford, or Durham City.
Aylesbury of Buckinghamshire
Ipswich of Suffolk
Bedford of Bedfordshire
Chelmsford of Essex
Chester of Cheshire
Exeter of Devon
Guildford of Surrey
Hereford of Herefordshire
Shrewsbury of Shropshire
Stafford of Staffordshire
Truro of Cornwall
Warwick of Warwickshire
Southend-on-Sea is town and unitary authority borough in the East of England.
It is a seaside resort in the south-eastern corner of the county of Essex.
It has a pier which is one of the longest in the world.
The pier is 2,158 meters (1.34 miles) long.
A railway line runs along the pier.
The pier has been badly damaged by fires four times in fifty years, in 1959, 1976, 1993 and 2005.
Near the pier there are arcades, casinos and a theme park called Adventure Island.
Southend Pier
Essex boroughs
Cumbria is a county in England.
It is in the very north-western part of England on the border with Scotland.
The most important and biggest town is Carlisle, in the north of the county.
This is the county town and there is an ancient (very old) castle in the centre of the town.
In 1974, Cumberland, Westmorland and bits of Yorkshire and Lancashire were put into the new county of Cumbria.
The world famous Lake District national park is in Cumbria.
Millions of tourists visit the Lake District to enjoy sailing on the lakes and the impressive mountains that are here.
The highest mountain in England is in the Lake District, it is called Scar Fell.
Cumbria is very popular with people who enjoy walking although the weather is very poor here.
It often rains and is cold.
Many tourists from Japan and China visit Cumbria.
Popular places for them and other tourists to see are the poet William Wordsworth's two houses, the home of the famous children's writer Beatrix Potter and the island and lake where the writer Arthur Ransome based his books about the 'Swallows And Amazons'.
Official Tourist Board Website
Cumbria Tourist and Historical Website
BBC Cumbria Digital Lives Project
Cumbria.uk.com Search Engine
The Cumbria Directory
Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman; May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician.
He is one of the most famous and successful popular singers of the last 50 years.
He was born in 1941 in Minnesota.
His parents were from the Russian Empire in what is now Ukraine.
As a youth he was a big fan of rock and roll, and formed several bands in high school.
However, Dylan first became famous as a folk musician.
In 1962, he released his first album, simply called Bob Dylan.
The next year, he released the folk song "Blowin' in the Wind", which became very popular.
In 1965, he began playing rock and roll.
That year, Dylan released "Like a Rolling Stone", which has been called the greatest popular music song of all time.
He put these two types of music together in a new way, which became very popular.
The next year, Dylan was in a motorcycle crash which broke his neck.
His recovery took many months, and he released no new music or records during this time.
Dylan re-examined his life while he recovered, saw what other musicians were doing, and made changes to his own style.
His comeback album, John Wesley Harding, was different from his earlier work.
While he made many tours to perform during the mid-1960s, he made very few public appearances until the mid-1970s.
Dylan later became a Christian, then drifted away from Christianity, even re-exploring Judaism, which his family followed.
Now, he does not want to talk about his religion.
Since the 1980s, he has concentrated on touring.
Also, Dylan is one of the famous people who appear on the cover of The Beatles's Sgt.
Folk singing
In 1960, Dylan dropped out of college and moved to New York, where his idol, the legendary folk singer Woody Guthrie, was hospitalized with a rare hereditary disease of the nervous system.
Dylan visited with Guthrie regularly in his hospital room.
He also became a regular in the folk clubs and coffeehouses of Greenwich Village.
He met many other musicians, and he began writing songs at an astonishing pace, including "Song to Woody," honoring Woody Guthrie.
In the fall of 1961, after one of his performances received a rave review in The New York Times, Dylan signed a recording contract with Columbia Records.
Released early in 1962, "Bob Dylan" contained only two original songs, but showcased Dylan's gravelly-voiced singing style in a number of traditional folk and blues songs.
The 1963 release of "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" marked Dylan's emergence as one of the most original and poetic voices in the history of American popular music.
The album included two of the most memorable 1960s folk songs, "Blowin' in the Wind" (which later became a huge hit for the folk trio Peter, Paul, and Mary) and "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall."
His next album, "The Times They Are A-Changin'", firmly established Dylan as the definitive songwriter of the 60s protest movement.
This reputation only increased after he became involved with one of the movement's established icons, Joan Baez, in 1963.
While his romantic relationship with Baez lasted only two years, it benefited both performers immensely in terms of their music careers.
Dylan wrote some of Baez's best-known material, and Baez introduced him to thousands of fans through her concerts.
By 1964, Dylan was playing 200 concerts per year, but had become tired of his role as "the" folk singer-songwriter of the protest movement. "
Another Side of Bob Dylan," recorded in 1964, was a much more personal, introspective collection of songs, far less politically charged than Dylan's previous efforts.
Reinventing his image
In 1965, Dylan scandalized many of his folk music fans by recording the half-acoustic, half-electric album "Bringing It All Back Home," backed by a nine-piece band.
On July 25, 1965, he was famously booed at the Newport Folk Festival when he performed electrically for the first time.
The albums that followed, "Highway 61 Revisited" (1965)—which included the seminal rock song "Like a Rolling Stone"—and the two-record set "Blonde on Blonde" (1966) represented Dylan at his most innovative.
With his unmistakable voice and unforgettable lyrics, Dylan brought the worlds of music and literature together as no one else had.
Over the course of the next three decades, Dylan continued to reinvent himself.
Following a near-fatal motorcycle accident in July 1966, Dylan spent almost a year recovering in seclusion.
His next two albums, "John Wesley Harding" (1968)  including "All Along the Watchtower," later recorded by guitar great Jimi Hendrix—and the unabashedly countryish "Nashville Skyline" (1969)  were far more mellow than his earlier works.
Critics blasted the two-record set "Self-Portrait" (1970). "
Tarantula," a long-awaited collection of writings Dylan published in 1971, also met with a poor reception.
In 1973, Dylan appeared in Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, a feature film directed by Sam Peckinpah.
He also wrote the film's soundtrack, which became a hit and included the now-classic song "Knockin' on Heaven's Door."
Touring and religion
In 1974, Dylan began his first full-scale tour since his accident, embarking on a sold-out nationwide tour with his longtime backup band, The Band.
An album he recorded with the Band, "Planet Waves," became his first No.
1 album ever.
He followed these successes with the celebrated 1975 album "Blood on the Tracks" and "Desire" (1976), each of which hit No.
1 as well. "
Desire" included the song "Hurricane," written by Dylan about the boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, then serving life in prison after what many felt was an wrongful conviction of triple homicide in 1967.
Dylan was one of many prominent public figures who helped popularize Carter's cause, leading to a retrial in 1976, when he was again convicted.
After a painful split with his wife, Sara Lowndes—the song "Sara" on "Desire" was Dylan's plaintive but unsuccessful attempt to win Lowndes back—Dylan again reinvented himself, declaring in 1979 that he was a born-again Christian.
The evangelical "Slow Train Coming" was a commercial hit, and won Dylan his first Grammy Award.
The tour and albums that followed were less successful, however, and Dylan's religious leanings soon became less overt in his music.
1980s  Present
Beginning in the 1980s, Dylan began touring full-time, sometimes with fellow legends Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and the Grateful Dead.
Notable albums during this period included Infidels (1983); the five-disc retrospective Biograph (1985); Knocked Out Loaded (1986); and Oh Mercy (1989), which became his best-received album in years.
He recorded two albums with the all-star band the Traveling Wilburys, also featuring George Harrison, the late Roy Orbison, Tom Petty, and Jeff Lynne.
In 1994, Dylan returned to his folk roots, winning the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album for "World Gone Wrong."
In 1989, when Dylan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Bruce Springsteen spoke at the ceremony, declaring that "Bob freed the mind the way Elvis freed the body ... He invented a new way a pop singer could sound, broke through the limitations of what a recording artist could achieve, and changed the face of rock and roll forever."
In 1997, Dylan became the first rock star ever to receive Kennedy Center Honors, considered the nation's highest award for artistic excellence.
Dylan's 1997 album "Time Out of Mind" re-established this one-time folk icon as one of the preeminent of rock's wise men, winning three Grammy Awards.
He continued his vigorous touring schedule, including a memorable performance in 1997 for Pope John Paul II in which he played "Knockin' on Heaven's Door," and a 1999 tour with Paul Simon.
In 2000, he recorded the single "Things Have Changed" for the soundtrack of the film Wonder Boys, starring Michael Douglas.
The song won Dylan a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Original Song.
On August 13, 2021, a woman known as "JC" filed a lawsuit accusing Dylan of sexual assault.
She that, during six weeks in April and May 1965, Dylan drugged and sexually assaulted her when she was 12 years old.
Dylan's spokesman said that "the 56-year-old claim is untrue and will be vigorously defended".
BobDylan.com — Official web site with song lyrics
Expecting Rain — News on Dylan
BobLinks — List of Dylan concerts and set lists
Still on the Road — Information on Bob Dylan's recording sessions
Hear Bob Dylan on the Pop Chronicles
Accordionists
American blues musicians
American country musicians
American folk musicians
American guitarists
American Nobel Prize winners
American rock musicians
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Jewish American musicians
Jews who converted to Christianity
Kennedy Center honorees
Multi-instrumentalists
Musicians from Minnesota
Nobel Prize in Literature winners
People from Duluth, Minnesota
Singers from Minnesota
Diana Ross is a famous American soul and pop singer.
She was born in 1944 in Detroit, Michigan.
Ross worked as a secretary for Motown Records in Detroit.
She first became successful with a Motown group as The Supremes.
The Supremes were the most successful act on Motown in the 1960s.
They sold millions of albums and made it possible for other African American musical acts to become famous with international audiences.
Diana Ross had a successful solo career from the 1970s on.
She is a high-paid concert performer.
She also starred in three movies: Lady Sings The Blues, the story of the blues singer Billie Holiday; Mahogany, a story about a fashion designer; and The Wiz, an African-American version of the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
African American actors
African-American singers
People from Bessemer, Alabama
Singers from Alabama
Actors from Alabama
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Singers from Detroit, Michigan
Enid Blyton (11 August 1897 – 28 November 1968) was an English author.
She was born in Dulwich, South London, England.
She was one of the world's most famous children's writers.
She is also one of the most prolific authors of all time. (
This means that she wrote a great number of books.)
Her most famous stories are the Famous Five stories, about a group of four children (Dick, Julian, Anne, and Georgina, who wanted to be called George) and their dog (Timmy) who have many adventures, and her Noddy books for small children.
Her parents wanted her to become a concert pianist (someone who plays the piano), but Enid wanted to be a teacher.
Her parents agreed to let her train as a teacher.
She began teaching in 1919 in Kent, not far from where she grew up in Beckenham.
As a child and teenager her main interest had been writing poems, stories and other items.
She had sent many of them to magazines but had never had any published.
As she worked as a teacher she began to have her articles, about children and education printed in a magazine called  Teachers' World.
Her first book, called Child Whispers came out in 1922.
It was a book of her poems with illustrations (drawings).
She was married soon after.
She left teaching and began to have more success with her books.
She wrote in and was the editor of magazine for children called Sunny Stories.
The stories she wrote for this magazine were so popular that the magazine was then called Enid Blyton's Sunny Stories.
The magazine came out every two weeks.
Many of Enid's most famous books were first printed in this magazine in parts.
Enid Blyton has been in The Guinness Book of Records as one of the world's biggest selling writers.
She is also included because she wrote more books than almost any other writer (about 700).
Her books were published in many different languages.
She said that she found writing them easy.
In the last few years of her life she had a disease which damaged her mind, called presenile dementia.
Her books still sell in large numbers, and used to be owned by her family.
A few years ago her family sold them, and now her works belong to a private company.
Enid Blyton did a lot of work for charity and had a club for children which helped them to give money to charity.
She was married twice and had two daughters.
She died of Alzheimer's disease in Hampstead, London.
Books: Enid Blyton: a biography (1974).
The official biography, telling the story of Enid Blyton's life
The Enid Blyton Society
EnidBlyton.net
Heather's Blyton Pages
Enid Blyton Collectors' and Enthusiasts' Guide to First Editions
1897 births
1968 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in London
Saint Denis was the first bishop of Paris.
He supposedly went there between 250 and 270.
He was executed in 272.
According to legend, he was beheaded.
After his beheading, he walked away, his head under his arms, along what is today the Rue des Martyrs in Paris.
After about , he gave his head to a pious woman, who had a basilica erected in the spot.
272 deaths
A dragon is a snake-like legendary creature, belonging to mythology and fantasy.
There are stories about dragons in Chinese culture, European culture, South American culture, and many others.
There are many kinds of dragons in the different cultures.
A dragon has none to four legs, claws, scales, spikes or optional wings.
A dragon can look like a reptile.
Some dragons can be heard about in stories, (e.g) George and the Dragon.
Some dragons prefer to nest.
The Chinese dragon is associated with the emperor of China so it can use the symbol of the imperial power.
Some dragons live in Western European and Eastern Asia.
Some dragons prefer to be in caves.
Dragons feature in many stories such as; The Hobbit, Beowulf, How To Train Your Dragon and Harry Potter.
In The Hobbit and Beowulf, dragons are dangerous and attack humans.
Other stories, such as those by Anne McCaffrey, have dragons who are looking for help, or giving help.
A dragon also appears in the Book of Revelation chapters 12-13, where he is seen as the Devil.
Dragons Across Cultures at Draconika
Legendary creatures
Inertia is the resistance of the object to any change in its motion, including a change in direction.
An object will stay still or keep moving at the same speed and in a straight line, unless it is acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
For example, a rubber ball will not start bouncing around unless someone picks it up and throws it.
Basically, if an object is not moving, it will not start moving unless something else acts upon it.
The same idea can be applied to motion: an object in motion will stay in motion unless some outside, opposing force acts upon it.
Inertia is also called Sir Isaac Newton's First Law of Motion.
The First Law of Motion says that:
Every body perseveres in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight ahead, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed. [
Cohen & Whitman 1999 translation]
Every object stays at rest or stays moving at the same speed unless something makes it change.
Johannes Kepler gave inertia its name in Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (published in three parts from 1617–1621)
Sherlock Holmes is a character from books written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
His most famous story was The Hound of the Baskervilles.
Many of the stories were made into movies and television dramas.
He is a detective who tries to find out who committed crimes.
There is a monument in London dedicated to him.
He has a sharp mind and solves even the most difficult and strange cases.
He works with his friend Dr. Watson, a retired army officer.
Holmes plays the violin and smokes a pipe.
Sometimes when he has not got any cases to solve, he uses drugs.
He first appeared in 1887 and is known for his detective skills.
Sometimes  he takes cocaine and morphine.
Sherlock Holmes was "born" on 6th January 1861 , and for more than 100 years his name has been known in every country of the world; and not only his name, but his appearance too.
The hawk-like features and piercing eyes; the dressing-gown and pipe; the unusual cap and magnifying glass - these details are so familiar that if he were to appear amongst us today we should know him at once.
The science of deduction
In the story The Sign of Four, the first part is titled "The Science of Deduction".
Dr. Watson admires Sherlock Holmes attention to detail and Holmes explains the importance of details that appear unimportant but can be crucial in solving a mystery.
This was the first time he met with Dr. Watson, his co-detective in the year 1887.
In the second part of the story A Study in Scarlet, Sherlock Holmes's method is explained in detail.
He is the only Consulting Detective in the world and his "science of detection" is based on analysis and deduction, figuring things out from things he already knows.
He is especially good at backwards reasoning (inference or abduction).
From the scratches around on an old watch, he decides the man drinks a lot; in another case seeing the man's clothes are respectable but worn, he thinks the man was once successful, but has fallen on hard times and taken to drink.
Sherlock Holmes does not know a lot about literature, philosophy, astronomy and politics but he knows a lot about chemistry.
He also seems to know every detail of every horror that took place in the 19th century.
But from the first interaction with Dr. Watson we could infer that he is very good in botany, geology and sensational literature.
Sherlock Holmes' brother
Mycroft Holmes is Sherlock Holmes' brother.
He works for the government and according to Sherlock, his brother Mycroft's powers of deduction are even better than his own, and often Mycroft's word has decided national policy.
Sometimes, Sherlock goes to his brother to ask for advice on some little problem.
In Sherlock's own words, Mycroft is the British government.
Sherlock Holmes' arch enemy
Professor James Moriarty is Sherlock Holmes' arch enemy (chief enemy).
Moriarty commits many crimes.
He is a mathematical genius and worked at a small English university, before he quit and moved to London.
There he became the center of organized crime (the mob) and the object of Sherlock Holmes's investigative power who considered the professor his intellectual equal.
Sherlock Holmes vs (against) Moriarty represents one of the greatest battles of wits (shrewdness, intelligence, smartness) in the history of the world.
Holmes spoke often of Moriarty's genius in admiration in spite of (not considering) the horror of the crimes.
He spoke well of Moriarty without taking into consideration the evil side of his nature.
Among Holmes other foes is Moriarty's Chief assassin Colonel Sebastian Moran ["The Adventure of the Empty House']; Dr Grimesby Roylott; ["The Adventure of the Speckled Band'']; Roger Baskerville aka Jack Stapleton ["The Hound of the Baskervilles"]; Charles Augustus Milverton ["The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton"]; John Clay ["The Adventure of the Red headed League''] and Irene Adler ["A Scandal in Bohemia"]
The women in his life
He showed his attentiveness to Violet Hunter.
He was courteous and considerate to all women.
He was never really involved emotionally with a woman.
In his own words, "I have never loved..."
In ''A Scandal in Bohemia", the only case in which he fails, appears the only woman he considered his equal intellectually and the only woman who ever defeated him.
Her name is Irene Adler.
She was born in New Jersey and was an opera singer.
She had a love affair (romance) with the king of Bohemia.
With the exception of stories published by his assistant Dr John H Watson, Holmes' name rarely appears in newspapers in connection with a case [i.e. A Study in Scarlet being the exception].
He has however accepted several honors during his lifetime.
His most significant award to be received is the Legion of Honor decoration from the French Government for capturing an assassin.
From Queen Victoria he declined a knighthood but accepted an emerald tiepin.
From the Hereditary King of Bohemia he received an antique gold snuffbox.
From the royal family of the Netherlands he received an expensive ring.
Movie: Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon (1943)
Characters in written fiction
Fictional British people
York is a historic walled city in North Yorkshire, England.
The Romans called it Eboracum, and the Vikings called it Jorvik.
The city has been important in many political events in its two millennia of existence.
The city offers many historical attractions, of which York Minster is the most well-known.
There are many cultural and sporting activities making it a popular tourist destination for millions.
The city was founded by the Romans as in 71 AD.
It was later the capital of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik.
In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern province of the Church of England, a role it still has.
About 130,000 people live in York.
It was the traditional county town of Yorkshire but it is no longer.
It is now a unitary authority.
The centre of York is medieval.
It has famous old streets and a cathedral called York Minster.
To the west of York is Leeds, Wetherby and Harrogate.
To the south of York is Selby to the north of York is Easingwold and to the east of York is Scarborough.
Archbishop of York
York is home to the Archbishop of York, a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England who is second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The current Archbishop of York is Stephen Cottrell, who has held the post since July 2020.
North Yorkshire was part of one bigger county called Yorkshire.
The three parts of Yorkshire used to be called the West Riding, the East Riding, and the North Riding.
in 1974, the boundaries and names changed.
The "North Riding" changed to "North Yorkshire".
The other main parts of Yorkshire are now South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, and the East Riding of Yorkshire.
The largest city in North Yorkshire is York.
York is now (since 1996) a unitary authority, it is not officially part of North Yorkshire.
North Yorkshire is the largest county in England.
It has several towns.
It also has many open green areas and hills, so two of the 11 UK national parks (the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales) are in North Yorkshire.
For words that begin with consonants, move the consonant to the end of the word and add "ay."
For words that begin with vowels, simply add "ay" to the end of the word.
Pig Latin that one writes is sometimes written with dashes, between the first part and the "c-ay" letters, and sometimes it is not.
A sentence can be "Is-thay is-ay an-ay example-ay of-ay Ig-pay Atin-lay ith-way ashes-day", or "Isthay isay anay exampleay ofay Igpay Atinlay ithoutway ashesday."
Is-thay is-ay an-way example-ay of-ay Ig-pay Atin-lay.
As-ay ou-yay an-cay ee-say, it-ay is-ay illy-say, ut-bay ots-lay of-ay un-fay or-fay ildren-chay.
This is an example of Pig Latin.
As you can see, it is silly, but lots of fun for children.