the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Rocella tinctoria is the source of the pH indicator litmus.
Orcein is got by boiling the lichen, and litmus is produced by adding ammonia and air.
Orcein is also used as a food dye, with the E number E121.
Ahmadjian V. 1993.
The lichen symbiosis.
Wiley, New York. .
Gilbert, Oliver 2000.
Lichens.
New Naturalist series #86, HarperCollins, London.
The age of the Earth is about 4.56 billion years.
Nearly all branches of science have helped us understand the main events of the Earth's past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution.
The geological time scale (GTS), as defined by international convention, depicts the large spans of time from the beginning of the Earth to the present.
The Earth is about, approximately one-third the age of the universe, by accretion from the solar nebula.
The formation of Earth occurred as part of the formation of the Solar System.
It started as a large rotating cloud of dust and gas.
This cloud, the solar nebula, was composed of hydrogen and helium produced in the Big Bang, as well as heavier elements produced in supernovas.
Then, about 4.68 billion years ago, the solar nebula began to contract, rotate and gain angular momentum.
This may have been triggered by a star in the region exploding as a supernova, and sending a shock wave through the solar nebula.
As the cloud rotated, it became a flat disc perpendicular to its axis of rotation.
Most of the mass concentrated in the middle and began to heat up.
Meanwhile, the rest of the disc began to break up into rings, with gravity causing matter to condense around dust particles.
Small fragments collided to become larger fragments, including one collection about  from the center: this would become the Earth.
As the Sun condensed and heated, nuclear fusion started, and the solar wind cleared out most of the material in the disc, which had not yet condensed, into larger bodies.
The same process is expected to produce accretion disks around virtually all newly forming stars in the universe, some of which yield planets.
The Earth's relatively large natural satellite, the Moon, is unique.
During the Apollo program, rocks from the Moon's surface were brought to Earth.
Radiometric dating of these rocks has shown the Moon to be 4527 ± 10 million years old, about 30 to 55 million years younger than other bodies in the solar system.
New evidence suggests the Moon formed even later, 4.48±0.02 Ga, or 70–110 Ma after the start of the Solar System.
Another notable feature is the relatively low density of the Moon, which must mean it does not have a large metallic core, like all other terrestrial bodies in the solar system.
Theories for the formation of the Moon must explain its late formation as well as the following facts.
First, the Moon has a low density (3.3 times that of water, compared to 5.5 for the Earth) and a small metallic core.
Second, there is virtually no water or other volatiles on the Moon.
Third, the Earth and Moon have the same oxygen isotopic signature (relative abundance of the oxygen isotopes).
The Moon has a bulk composition closely resembling the Earth's mantle and crust together, without the Earth's core.
This has led to the giant impact hypothesis: the idea that the Moon was formed by a giant impact of the proto-Earth with another protoplanet.
The impactor, sometimes named Theia, is thought to have been a little smaller than the current planet Mars.
Theia finally collided with Earth about 4.533 Ga.
Models reveal that when an impactor this size struck the proto-Earth at a low angle and relatively low speed (), much material from the mantles (and proto-crusts) of the proto-Earth and the impactor was ejected into space, where much of it stayed in orbit around the Earth.
This material would eventually form the Moon.
However, the metallic cores of the impactor would have sunk through the Earth's mantle to fuse with the Earth's core, depleting the Moon of metallic material.
The giant impact hypothesis thus explains the Moon's abnormal composition.
The ejecta in orbit around the Earth could have condensed into a single body within a couple of weeks.
Under the influence of its own gravity, the ejected material became a more spherical body: the Moon.
The radiometric ages show the Earth existed already for at least 10 million years before the impact, enough time to allow for differentiation of the Earth's primitive mantle and core.
Then, when the impact occurred, only material from the mantle was ejected, leaving the Earth's core of heavy elements untouched.
The impact had some important consequences for the young Earth.
It released an enormous amount of energy, causing both the Earth and Moon to be completely molten.
Immediately after the impact, the Earth's mantle was vigorously convecting, the surface was a large magma ocean.
The planet's first atmosphere must have been completely blown away by the enormous amount of energy released.
The impact is also thought to have changed Earth’s axis to produce the large 23.5° axial tilt that is responsible for Earth’s seasons (a simple, ideal model of the planets’ origins would have axial tilts of 0° with no recognizable seasons).
It may also have sped up Earth’s rotation.
Archean
Archean Earth
At the beginning of the Archean, the Earth's heat flow was nearly three times higher than it is today, and was still twice the current level by the beginning of the Proterozoic.
Thus, plates  and volcanic activity were considerably more active than they are today; the Earth's crust was not only thinner than is today, but probably broken up into many more tectonic plates, with numerous hot spots, rift valleys, and transform faults.
The existence of plate tectonics in this eon is disputed: it is an active area of modern research.p297-302
There were no large continents until late in the Archean; small protocontinents were the norm, prevented from coalescing into larger units by the high rate of geologic activity.
These felsic protocontinents probably formed at hot spots rather than subduction zones, from a variety of sources:  mafic magma melting more felsic rocks, partial melting of mafic rock, and from the metamorphic alteration of felsic sedimentary rocks.p297-301
The Archean atmosphere apparently lacked free oxygen.
Temperatures appear to have been near modern levels, although astronomers think that the sun was about one-third dimmer.
This is thought to reflect larger amounts of greenhouse gases than later in Earth history.
Archean geology
When the Archean began, the Earth's heat flow was nearly three times as high as it is today, and it was still twice the current level at the transition from the Archean to the Proterozoic (2,500 Ma).
The extra heat was the result of a mix of remnant heat from planetary accretion, from the formation of the metallic core, and from the decay of radioactive elements.
The oldest rock formations exposed on the surface of the Earth are Archean or slightly older.
Archean rocks are known from Greenland, the Canadian Shield, western Australia, and southern Africa.
Although the first continents formed during this eon, rock this age makes up only 7% of the world's current cratons; even allowing for erosion and destruction of past formations, evidence suggests that only 5-40% of the present continental crust formed during the Archean.p301
In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as greywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments, and banded iron formations.
Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations: they are made of alternating high and low-grade metamorphic rocks.
The high-grade rocks come from volcanic island arcs, and the low-grade metamorphic rocks come from deep-sea sediments.
These sediments eroded from the island arcs and ended in a forearc basin.
In short, greenstone belts show where protocontinents were stuck together.p302-3
Archean life
The processes that gave rise to life on Earth are not completely understood, but there is substantial evidence that life came into existence either near the end of the Hadean Eon or early in the Archean Eon.
The earliest evidence for life on Earth is graphite of biogenic origin found in 3.7 billion–year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland.
Fossils of cyanobacterial mats (stromatolites) are found throughout the Archean—becoming especially common late in the eon—while a few other probable bacterial fossils are known from chert beds.p307 In addition to bacteria, microfossils of the extremophilic archaea have also been identified.
Life in the Archean was limited to simple single-celled organisms (lacking nuclei), called prokaryotes.
In addition to the domain Bacteria, microfossils of the domain Archaea have also been identified.
There are no known eukaryote fossils.p306, 323 No fossil evidence yet exists for viruses.
Fossilized microbes from terrestrial microbial mats show that life was already established on land 3.22 billion years ago.
The Proterozoic record
The geologic record of the Proterozoic is much better than that for the preceding Archaean.
In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive, shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are less metamorphosed than Archean-age ones, and plenty are in fact unaltered.p315 Study of these rocks show that the eon featured rapid continental accretion (unique to the Proterozoic), supercontinent cycles, and mountain-building (orogeny) activity.p315/8; 329/32
The first known glaciations occurred during the Proterozoic.
One ice age began shortly after the beginning of the eon.
There were at least four during the Neoproterozoic, climaxing with the "Snowball Earth" of the Varangian glaciation.p320; 325
The build-up of oxygen
The Great Oxygenation Event was one of the most important events of the Proterozoic.
Though oxygen was undoubtedly released by photosynthesis well back in Archean times, it could not build up to any significant degree until chemical sinks--unoxidized sulfur and iron—had been filled; until roughly 2.3 billion years ago, oxygen was probably only 1 to 2% of its current level.(Stanley, 323)  Banded iron formations, which provide most of the world's iron ore, were also a prominent chemical sink; most accumulation ceased after 1.9 billion years ago, either due to an increase in oxygen or a more thorough mixing of the oceanic water column.p324
Red beds, which are coloured by haematite, indicate an increase in atmospheric oxygen after 2 billion years ago; they are not found in older rocks.(Stanley, 324)  The oxygen build-up was probably due to two factors:  a filling of the chemical sinks, and an increase in carbon burial, which stored organic compounds which would have otherwise been oxidized by the atmosphere.p325
Proterozoic life
The first advanced single-celled and multi-cellular life roughly coincides with the oxygen accumulation; this may have been due to an increase in the oxidized nitrates that eukaryotes use, as opposed to cyanobacteria.(Stanley, 325)  It was also during the Proterozoic that the first symbiotic relationship between mitochondria (for animals and protists) and chloroplasts (for plants) and their hosts evolved.p321-2
Eukaryotes such as acritarchs blossomed, as did cyanobacteria; in fact, stromatolites reached their greatest abundance and diversity during the Proterozoic, peaking roughly 1.2 billion years ago.321-3
Classically, the boundary between the Proterozoic and the Paleozoic was set at the base of the Cambrian period when the first fossils of animals known as trilobites appeared.
In the second half of the 20th century, a number of fossil forms have been found in Proterozoic rocks, but the boundary of the Proterozoic has remained fixed at the base of the Cambrian—currently placed at 542 Ma.
Paleozoic
The Paleozoic is a time in Earth's history when complex life forms evolved, took their first breath of oxygen on dry land, and when the forerunners of all multicelular life on Earth began to diversify.
There are six periods in the Paleozoic era: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian.
The upper (youngest) boundary is set at a major extinction event 250 million years later, known as the Permian–Triassic extinction event.
Modern practice sets the older boundary at the first appearance of a distinctive trace fossil called Phycodes pedum.
Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Rodinia and at the end of a global ice age (Snowball Earth).
Throughout the early Palaeozoic, the Earth's landmass was broken up into a substantial number of relatively small continents.
Toward the end of the era, the continents gathered together into a supercontinent called Pangaea, which included most of the Earth's land area.
At the start of the era, life was confined to bacteria, algae, sponges and a variety of somewhat enigmatic forms known collectively as the Ediacaran fauna.
A large number of body plans appeared nearly simultaneously at the start of the era—a phenomenon known as the Cambrian Explosion.
There is some evidence that simple life may already have invaded the land at the start of the Palaeozoic, but substantial plants and animals did not take to the land until the Silurian and did not thrive until the Devonian.
Although primitive vertebrates are known near the start of the Palaeozoic, animal forms were dominated by invertebrates until the mid-Palaeozoic.
Fish populations exploded in the Devonian.
During the late Palaeozoic, great forests of primitive plants thrived on land forming the great coal beds of Europe and eastern North America.
By the end of the era, the first large, sophisticated reptiles and the first modern plants (conifers) had developed.
The Mesozoic covers the time when life was dominated by large sophisticated reptiles.
The lower (oldest) boundary is set by the P/Tr extinction event.
The upper (youngest) boundary is set at the K/T extinction event.
Geologically, the Mesozoic starts with almost all the Earth's land collected into a supercontinent called Pangaea.
During the era, Pangaea split into the northern continent Laurasia and the southern continent Gondwana.
Laurasia then split into North America and Eurasia.
Gondwana broke up progressively into continents: South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, Australia and Antarctica.
The Mesozoic is known as the Age of Dinosaurs.
It also saw the development of early birds and mammals and, later, flowering plants (angiosperms).
At the end of the Mesozoic, all the major body plans of modern life were in place, though in some cases  notably the mammals  the forms that existed at the end of the Cretaceous were relatively primitive.
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic is the age of mammals.
During the Cenozoic, mammals diverged from a few small, simple, generalized forms into a diverse collection of terrestrial, marine, and flying animals.
Flowering plants and birds also evolved substantially in the Cenozoic .
Geologically, the Cenozoic is the era when continents moved into their current positions.
Africa and Australasia split from Gondwana to drift north, and India collided with Southeast Asia; Antarctica moved into its current position over the South Pole; the Atlantic Ocean widened and, late in the era, South America became attached to North America.
Earth – Speed through space – about 1 million miles an hour NASA. ("
WP discussion")
|1995||rowspan="4"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||1
|1996||18||1||5||0||14||0||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|1997||20||0||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|1998||12||1||3||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||19||1
|1999||Santos||Série A||1||0||||||||||||||1||0
|2000||rowspan="6"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||22||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|2001||15||0||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|2002||21||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|2003||29||0||3||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|2004||12||0||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|2005||15||1||1||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||22||1
|2006||rowspan="5"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||32||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||33||0
|2007||33||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|2008||J. League 1||23||0||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||18||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||0
Shin Kanazawa (born 9 September 1983) is a Japanese football player.
|2002||rowspan="4"|Omiya Ardija||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||28||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|2003||7||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|2004||41||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||43||4
|2005||J. League 1||17||0||3||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|2006||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||30||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||33||0
|2007||20||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||3
|2008||rowspan="3"|Omiya Ardija||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||22||0||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|2009||29||0||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
Donizete Francisco de Oliveira (born 21 February 1968) is a former Brazilian football player.
|1987||rowspan="3"|Fluminense||rowspan="3"|Série A||7||0
|1988||23||1
|1990||rowspan="2"|Grêmio||rowspan="2"|Série A||19||1
|1992||rowspan="3"|Bragantino||rowspan="3"|Série A||20||1
|1995||São Paulo||Série A||16||0
|1996||rowspan="2"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="2"|Série A||19||0
|1998||Vitória||Série A||19||0
|1999||rowspan="2"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="2"|Série A||18||0
|2000||21||0
|2001||Vasco da Gama||Série A||15||0
|2001||Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 1||7||0
|2001||Palmeiras||Série A||1||0
|2002||Vasco da Gama||Série A||0||0
Harrow School, often called simply Harrow, is a secondary school for boys in Harrow in London, England.
Harrow has educated boys since 1243 but was officially founded by John Lyon under a Royal Charter of Elizabeth I in 1572.
Harrow is located in Harrow on the Hill, now in the London Borough of Harrow.
The school has about 800 students.
They live across twelve boarding houses, and all of them board full time.
Harrow is an independent fee-paying school, of the type known in Britain as public schools.
The equivalent term in the US would probably be private schools (see discussion at public school).
The annual fees at Harrow are at present £41,775 per year, which includes board, tuition and textbooks.
The Harrow Foundation also runs an independent Grammar School in Harrow, called the John Lyon School, and several international schools.
The John Lyon School is also fee-paying and academically selective.
In 2013 66% of pupils got 5 A*-C GCSE grades including English and Maths.
14.1% of students go to Cambridge or Oxford.
In 2013 a TV series called Harrow: a Very British School started.
It follows boys and staff of West Acre of the West Acre boarding house for a year
Harrow (tool), the farm implement
Roger Frederick Wicker (born July 5, 1951 in Pontotoc, Mississippi, United States) is a senior United States Senator from Mississippi.
He took over Mississippi's first congressional district soon after Jamie L. Whitten's death in 1995.
Lawyers from Mississippi
United States senators from Mississippi
The Return of Jafar is a 1994 direct-to-video animated movie, released on VHS by Buena Vista Pictures, and the sequel to the 1992 Disney animated movie Aladdin.
The movie is about Jafar attempting to get revenge on Aladdin.
Aladdin and the King of Thieves is a 1996 Disney animated movie, and the second sequel to the 1992 Disney animated movie Aladdin.
The story is about Aladdin attempting to save his father.
Robin Williams returned to voice the Genie after he turned down the first sequel.
Scott Weigner as Aladdin
Robin Williams as Genie
Jack Angel as Guard
Phil Proctor as Guards
"Ja, vi elsker dette landet" (pron. [
ˈjɑː ʋiə̯ ˈɛ̝̀ls̪kə ˈɖɛ̝̀tːə ˈl̪ɑ̀nːə] "YAH vee EL-sker DET-tuh LAHN-nuh"; lit. '
Yes, we love this country') is the Norwegian title and incipit of a 19th-century patriotic song written in 1859 by Nobel Prize laureate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, and composed by his cousin Rikard Nordraak in 1863.
This song has officially served as the national anthem of Norway since December 2019, though it has been considered a de facto anthem of Norway for roughly a century and a half alongst "Sønner av Norge" and "Norges Skaal".
This song has eight verses in total.
However, only the first, seventh and eighth verses are used for the national anthem.
Metrical English translation
Norway, thine is our devotion,
Land of hearth and home,
Rising storm-scarred from the ocean,
Where the breakers foam.
Often thee our thoughts are wending,
Land that gave us birth,
And to saga nights still sending
Dreams upon our earth.
Dreams upon us on our earth!
Men of Norway, be your dwelling
Cottage, house or farm,
Praise the Lord who all compelling
Saved our land from harm.
Not the valour of a father
On the battlefield
Nor a mother's tears, but rather
God our victory sealed.
God for us our victory sealed.
As our fathers' victory gave it:
"Peace for one and all."
We shall rally, too, to save it
When we hear the call.
When we hear, we hear the call!
The mass number is different for each isotope of a chemical element.
We write a mass number after an element's name or as a superscript to the left of an element's symbol.
For example, the most common isotope of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
We write it as carbon-12 or 12C.
atomic number (symbol: Z), which is the number of protons in a nucleus of an atom
relative atomic mass (symbol: Ar, also called atomic weight), which is the ratio of the average mass per atom of an element from a given sample to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
The difference between the mass number and the atomic number gives the number of neutrons (N) in a given nucleus: N = A − Z.
The mass number is not shown on the periodic table.
For each element, what is shown is the standard atomic weight and the atomic number.
James Caleb Boggs (May 15, 1909 – March 26, 1993) was a Republican U.S. Senator from Delaware from 1961 to 1973.
He was Governor from 1953 to 1960 and a Congressman from 1947 to 1953.
He was defeated in 1972 by future  President of the United States, Joe Biden.
He was born in Cheswold, Delaware.
Governors of Delaware
LazyTown is a television programme for children.
The series is educational and teaches children to be healthy and exercise.
The program was created by people from Iceland.
The series has won multiple awards the American television.
Basis of the program
The show features live-action actors and puppet characters set in a colorful town called LazyTown.
At the start of the series, the town's citizens are very lazy, but the mayor's niece (Stephanie) arrives to change that.
She is aided by an athletic superhero named Sportacus, who teaches the children of the town to eat healthy food and exercise each day.
However, their fun is often stopped by the town's laziest man, Robbie Rotten, who spends large amounts of time attempting to make the children lazy again and trying to remove Sportacus and Stephanie from the town, usually by dressing up in disguises to fool the children.
Robbie's plans often fail.
The show's episodes often involve an educational or important message for viewers, and songs or dance numbers performed by the characters, usually Stephanie being the lead singer or dancer.
Sportacus: Sportacus is the main protagonist, a mustached superhero who is a skilled athlete, often moving around by performing acrobatic flips and moves.
He lives in an airship and can be contacted through letters.
He teaches the children to be fit and healthy.
Like Stephanie, he is a skilled singer and dancer.
Played by Magnús Scheving (the creator of LazyTown).
Stephanie: Stephanie is the deuteragonist, a pink-haired girl who enjoys singing, dancing, and playing sports.
Her favorite color is pink as seen with her hair, clothes, and other accessories.
Played by Julianna Rose Mauriello and later by Chloe Lang.
Robbie Rotten: Robbie is the main antagonist, a lazy man who wants the children of LazyTown to remain indoors and be lazy.
Most of the time, he dresses up in costumes to fool the children and make them eat junk food or be lazy, but his plans often fail.
Robbie devises all sorts of plans to get rid of Sportacus and sometimes comes very close to succeeding, but in the end, is always defeated by Sportacus, with the help of Stephanie and her friends.
He lives in an underground house and spies on LazyTown through a periscope.
Played by Stefán Karl Stefánsson.
Ziggy: A kindhearted boy who eats a lot of sweets and candy.
He looks up to Sportacus and has even created his own superhero identity called "Sportacandy."
Ziggy has a fear of dinosaurs, as revealed in "Cry Dinosaur."
Voiced and puppetry by Guðmundur Þór Kárason and Lorraine Parsloe in UK dub.
Pixel: An intelligent boy who lives in a house filled with robotic gadgets.
He often plays video games and uses devices to perform simple tasks instead of doing them himself.
Voiced by Kobie Powell and Chris Knowings.
Puppetry by Ronald Binion and Julie Westwood and Joanna Ruiz in UK dub.
Stingy: A greedy and possessive boy who often claims that objects belong to him, even if they do not.
He drives around in a car and owns a piggy bank called "Piggy."
The reason for his behavior is most likely due to his spoiled upbringing.
Despite his self-centered attitude, Stingy genuinely cares about his friends and is actually a good person at heart.
Voiced and puppetry by Jodi Eichelberger and Sarah Burgess/Julie Westwood in UK dub.
Trixie: A trouble-making girl who rides around on a scooter.
She is bossy and sometimes rude and often and plays tricks on everyone.
Despite her mischievous nature, Trixie truly means well.
Voiced and puppetry by Sarah Burgess and Aymee Garcia and Joanna Ruiz in UK dub.
Mayor Milford Meanswell: The town's mayor and Stephanie's uncle.
He is bumbling and often worries about his niece and the town.
He is deeply in love with Miss Busybody.
Voiced and puppetry by David Matthew Feldman.
Bessie Busybody: The mayor's assistant.
She is quite bossy, often telling even the mayor what to do.
She can be patronizing, but acts motherly towards the children.
Voiced and puppetry by Julie Westwood.
2014 television series endings
Blockland is a multiplayer computer game made on the Torque Game Engine, where people make things using blocks.
Blockland has around 35,500 players.
People could build up to 128,000 bricks on every server to keep the game running best.
In 2009, Lego were talking to Eric "Badspot" Hartman about selling Blockland.
It has been talked about by The Screen Savers and Shack News.
In 2005, when Blockland was in beta, Blockland was on an article on Globe and Mail in which Eric says 20,000 people downloaded Blockland in the ten days since it "became big".
Right now, the full game costs $20.
Blockland Official Website
Tarzan II is a direct-to-video midquel to the 1999 Disney animated movie Tarzan, released on June 14, 2005.
The movie tells the story of a young Tarzan's adventure to discover who he really is.
It features two new songs from Phil Collins and takes place during the song "Son of Man" from the first movie.
It is the last film in the chronology of Walt Disney's version of Tarzan.
Harrison Chad - Tarzan
Glenn Close - Kala
Brenda Grate - Terk
Harrison Fahn - Tantor
Lance Henriksen - Kerchak
George Carlin - Zugor
Estelle Harris - Mama Gunda
Brad Garrett - Uto
Ron Perlman - Kago
Connor Hutcherson - Tonka
Terminal velocity happens at the moment in time that the force of gravity, called weight, is the same as the opposite force of air resistance or friction.
In other words, terminal velocity is the point at which the velocity (speed of moving of the falling object) is no longer getting greater.
The gravitational force minus the force of drag (or air resistance) equals zero.
An object continues to fall steadily until air resistance becomes so great that it equals the pull of gravity and the object can fall no faster.
Besides weight, terminal velocity depends on other factors such as shape and cross sectional area.
The terminal velocity of a skydiver in a belly-to-earth (i.e., face down) free-fall position is about 195 km/h (122 mph or 54 m/s).
This velocity is the limit of the acceleration process.
The forces on the body balance each other more and more closely as the terminal velocity is approached.
In this example, a speed of 50% of terminal velocity is reached after only about 3 seconds, while it takes 8 seconds to reach 90%, 15 seconds to reach 99% and so on.
Higher speeds are achieved if the skydiver pulls in his or her limbs  (see also freeflying).
In this case, the terminal velocity increases to about 320 km/h (200 mph or 90 m/s), which is almost the terminal velocity  of the Peregrine Falcon diving down on its prey.
Babe is an Australian-American movie which was made in 1995.
It was nominated for seven Academy Awards including the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1996.
It won the Academy Award for Visual Effects.
It tells the story of a pig who learns how to look after sheep and becomes Australia's champion sheep dog.
The movie stars Magda Szubanski, James Cromwell, and Zoe Burton.
Some of the voices used by the animal characters were by Christine Cavanaugh and Hugo Weaving.
Babe was made by Kennedy Miller Productions, the producer was George Miller and the director was Chris Noonan.
Noonan and Miller also wrote the story.
Babe was released by Universal Pictures.
Babe was filmed at Robertson, New South Wales.
A second movie about Babe the sheep pig was made called Babe: Pig in the City.
Academy Award for Best Picture (1990s)
Swedish Empire was, between 1611 and 1718, one of the  great powers of Europe.
In modern historiography this period is known as the Swedish Empire, or stormaktstiden ("the era of great power").
Mountain View is a city in California in the San Francisco Bay Area.
It is north of San Jose and south of San Francisco.
It is the fourth largest city in Santa Clara County behind San Jose, Sunnyvale, and Santa Clara.
Mountain View is located south of the San Francisco Bay and west of the Santa Cruz Mountains.
It is bordered by Palo Alto to the northwest, Los Altos to the south and southwest, and Sunnyvale to the east.
The major highways in Mountain View are California State Route 85, California State Route 82, California State Route 237, and U.S. Route 101.
California State Route 85 terminates at U.S. 101 and California State Route 237 terminates at California State Route 82.
California 82 is known as the El Camino Real and follows the historic route of U.S. 101 through the San Francisco Bay Area.
From Mountain View, tourists can take U.S. 101 North to get to San Francisco, U.S. 101 South to get to San Jose and Los Angeles, California 85 South to get to Los Gatos and Gilroy, California 237 East to get to Milpitas, California 82 North to get to Los Altos and Palo Alto, and California 82 South to get to Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, and San Jose.
Estonians () are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns and inhabiting, primarily, the country of Estonia.
The Estonians speak a Finno-Ugric language, known as Estonian.
Although Estonia is traditionally grouped as one of the Baltic countries, Estonians are linguistically and ethnically unrelated to the Baltic peoples of Latvia and Lithuania.
Menlo Park is a city in California in the San Francisco Bay area.
Menlo Park is on the peninsula between San Jose and San Francisco.
To the south are Stanford and Palo Alto.
To the north is Atherton.
Menlo Park has various school districts.
It has the schools La Entrada, Hillview, Oak Knoll, and Las Lomitas.
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, or Estonian SSR or ESSR, was a republic of the Soviet Union.
It was administered by and subordinated to the Government of the Soviet Union.
The ESSR replaced the Republic of Estonia on 21 July 1940, after the invasion of Soviet troops on 17 June 1940.
A puppet government backed by the Soviet Union, declared Estonia to be a Soviet state.
The Estonian SSR was taken into the USSR on 9 August 1940.
The independence of the Republic of Estonia was reestablished on 20 August 1991.
1940 establishments
1941 disestablishments
1940s establishments in Europe
The National Film  and Sound Archive (NFSA), also known as ScreenSound Australia, is Australia’s audiovisual archive.
This is where all Australia's old movies and sound recordings are kept.
The NFSA is responsible for developing, saving, looking after, promoting and providing access to a national collection of movie and sound materials.
The collection has works made in the late 19th century when the recorded sound and movie industries were just beginning to those made in the present day.
The NFSA started in 1935 as the National Historical Film and Speaking Record Library which was then part of the Commonwealth National Library.
It became an independent statutory authority as the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia in 2008.
National archives
O'Shea Jackson Sr. (
born June 15, 1969), better known by his stage name Ice Cube, is an American rapper and actor.
He was a member of the well-known rap group N.W.A., and is best known for popularizing the gangsta rap genre with Straight Outta Compton (1988).
After leaving N.W.A., he began his solo work.
AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted (1990)
Death Certificate (1991)
The Predator (1992)
Lethal Injection (1993)
War & Peace Vol.
1 (The War Disc) (1998)
2 (The Peace Disc) (2000)
Laugh Now, Cry Later (2006)
Raw Footage (2008)
I Am the West (2010)
Everythang's Corrupt (2018)
West Coast hip hop is a style of hip hop music that originated in California in the early 1980s.
It has since grown into a major force in hip hop and has developed several creative centers.
West Coast hip hop musicians include 2pac, Snoop Dogg, and Xzibit.
Gangsta rap (also called Gangster rap, Gansta rap, G rap Gangsta hip hop) is a subgenre of hip hop that reflects the violent lifestyles of some inner-city youths.
Gangsta is a non-rhotic pronunciation of the word gangster.
The genre was pioneered in the mid 1980s by rappers such as Afroman and Ice Cube, and was popularized in the later part of the 1980s by groups like N.W.A. After the national attention that Ice-T and N.W.A created in the late 1980s and early 1990s, gangsta rap became the most commercially lucrative subgenre of hip hop.
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
Kid Frost
Ganskta N-I-P
Too $hort
B-Real
The LOX
Young Jeezy
C-Murder
1980s in music
1990s in music
Obscenity controversies
Political hip hop (also called political rap, conscious hip hop or conscious rap) is a form of hip hop music that focuses on social issues and politics.
It developed during the 1980s, being inspired by 1970s political preachers such as The Last Poets and Gil Scott-Heron.
Public Enemy were the first political hip hop group.
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five released the first well-known sociopolitical rap song in 1982 called "The Message", which inspired numerous rappers to address social and political subjects.
Conscious hip hop
Conscious hip hop also called Socially Conscious hip hop or Conscious rap is sub-genre of Hip hop that focuses on social issues.
It was created by music critics and fans rather that the artists themselves.
Missy Eliot
"Waltzing Matilda" is one of Australia's best known songs.
The bush ballad, a country folk song, has been called "the unofficial national anthem of Australia".
The song tells the story of a traveling farm worker making a drink of tea at a bush camp and capturing a sheep to eat.
When the sheep's  owner arrives with three policemen to arrest the worker for taking the sheep (a crime punishable by hanging), the worker drowns himself in a small watering hole.
The worker's ghost stays to haunt the site.
The words to the song were written in 1895 by a poet and nationalist Banjo Paterson.
It was first printed as sheet music in 1903.
There are many stories about the song and how it was written.
The song has its own museum, the Waltzing Matilda Centre in Winton, Queensland.
Writing of the song
The music, based on a folk song, was written by Christina Macpherson.
Paterson wrote the words while staying at the Dagworth Homestead, farm in Queensland.
While he was there the owners played him an old Celtic folk tune called "The Craigeelee".
Paterson decided that it would be a good tune to write words for and completed during his stay at the farm.
The tune is probably the Scottish song "Thou Bonnie Wood Of Craigielea", which Macpherson heard played by a band at the Warrnambool steeplechase.
Robert Tannahill wrote the words in 1805 and James Barr wrote the music in 1818.
In 1893 it was arranged for brass band by Thomas Bulch.
The tune may have been based on the melody of "Go to the Devil and Shake Yourself", written by John Field (1782–1837) sometime before 1812.
It is sometimes also called: "When Sick Is It Tea You Want?" (
London 1798) or "The Penniless Traveller" (O'Neill's 1850 collection).
There is also an idea that tune may be similar to "The Bold Fusilier" (also called Marching through Rochester), a song sung to the same tune and dated by some back to the eighteenth century but first printed in 1900.
A bold fusilier came marching back through Rochester
Who'll be a soldier for Marlboro and me?
There are no "official" words to "Waltzing Matilda", and slight differences can be found in the sources.
This version uses the famous "You'll never catch me alive said he" variation introduced by the Billy Tea company.
Paterson's original words use 'drowning', which the tea company felt was too negative.
Australian folklore
Wolfgang Paul (; 10 August 1913 – 7 December 1993) was a German professor awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989.
Paul was born on August 10 of 1913 in the German city of Lorenzkirch, Saxony.
When he was young, his family moved to Munich, where his father taught pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Munich.
In 1932, he began his studies of physics at the Superior School in Munich, and soon moved to the 1934 at the headquarters of Berlin, getting his doctorate in 1939.
Babe: Pig in the City is a 2001 sequel to the 1995 movie Babe.
It takes place in the fictional city of Metropolis.
Because of the unexpected darker and more grown up subject matter (the movie includes a scene in which a dog almost drowns while hanging from a bridge), the movie was not received as well critically as the first Babe movie was, and reviews were generally mixed.
However, it was also praised by some, and gained a cult following.
Elizabeth Daily as Babe
Danny Mann as Ferdinand
Glenne Headly as Zootie
Steven Wright as Bob
James Cosmo as Thelonius
Stanley Ralph Ross as The Pitbull/The Doberman
Russi Taylor as The Pink Poodle/Choir Cat
Myles Jeffrey/Nathan Kress as Easy
Adam Goldberg as Flealick
Eddie Barth as Nigel/Alan
Bill Capizzi as Snoop
Miriam Margolyes as Fly
Hugo Weaving as Rex
Jim Cummings as Pelican
Roscoe Lee Browne as The Narrator
Magda Szubanski as Esme Cordelia Hoggett
Mary Stein as The Landlady
James Cromwell as Arthur Hoggett
Mickey Rooney as Fugly Floom
Paul Livingston as The Hot Headed Chef
Julie Godfrey as The Suspicious Neighbor
The score is again by Nigel Westlake, it also includes sound clips taken from the movie.
There is also a big band classic "Chattanooga Choo Choo" by Glenn Miller, and "That's Amore" by Dean Martin.
More tracks including "That'll Do", the Academy Award-nominated theme song, and a song at the end sung by Babe's voice actress.
That'll Do - performed by Peter Gabriel - 3:51
Babe: A Pig in the City - 1:22
The Returning Hero - 1:16
Non, Je Ne Regrette Rien - performed by Edith Piaf - 2:19
Chattanooga Choo Choo - performed by Glenn Miller, Tex Beneke, and the Modernaires - 3:14
Scram, This Is Not a Farm - 2:27
That's Amore - performed by Dean Martin - 3:07
Three Blind Mice - 0:41
A Pig Gets Wise - 1:17
Are You Lonesome Tonight? -
performed by the Mavericks - 2:59
Protected by Angels - performed by the Chieftains and Black Dyke Mills Band - 3:39
The Big City (Two Step Nadya)- performed by the Terem Quartet - 3:12
Babe's Lament - 2:38
A Heart That's True - performed by Elizabeth Daily and Pat Metheny - 3:58
The End - 1:26
That'll Do (Instrumental) - performed by the Black Dyke Mills Band - 3:57
Everywhere - performed by Michelle Branch - 3:35
September 11, 2001 (VHS and DVD (Note: This DVD was in both widescreen and pan and scan formats.)
September 23, 2003 (DVD - 2-Pack with Babe)
September 23, 2003 (DVD - The Complete Adventure Two-Movie Pig Pack, this DVD box-set was released in separate widescreen and pan and scan formats, due to the DVD re-release of the first film)
February 1, 2005 (DVD - Family Double Feature, this contains Babe) (Note: This DVD shows pan and scan versions of both films and the widescreen version of this movie.)
Rodrigo "Rod" Richard Barajas (born September 5, 1975) is a former professional baseball player.
He played in Major League Baseball for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Texas Rangers, Philadelphia Phillies, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Mets, Los Angeles Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates.
Barajas has also played with the Mexico national baseball team.
Norway is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States.
It is home to Lake Pennesseewassee, a recreation area.
Professional wrestler Scott Garland better known by his ring name, Scotty 2 Hotty was born in Westbrook.
John Loy Rocker (born October 17, 1974) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher.
He played for the Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, Texas Rangers, and Tampa Bay Devil Rays.
Wardell Stephen "Dell" Curry (born June 25, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player.
He played at the shooting guard and the small forward positions.
He went to school at Virginia Tech.
He then played in the National Basketball Association from 1986 until 2002.
Curry was selected 15th overall by the Utah Jazz in the 1986 NBA Draft.
He also played for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Milwaukee Bucks, Charlotte Hornets, and Toronto Raptors.
Franklin most often means Benjamin Franklin, one of the people who started America.
Other things it can refer to:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, former President of the United States
Franklin Pierce, former President of the United States
Franklin (song), a song by Paramore.
Franklin (TV series), Canadian children's TV series
|2001||Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 1||22||6||3||1||25||7
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Zagłębie Sosnowiec||Ekstraklasa||17||1
|1992/93||First League||||
|1993/94||Rapid Wien||Bundesliga||32||9
|1994/95||Austria Wien||Bundesliga||16||2
|1995/96||Legia Warszawa||Ekstraklasa||10||4
|1995/96||Waregem||First Division||15||7
|1996/97||Standard Liège||First Division||10||2
|1996/97||Nice||Division 1||13||2
|1997/98||Standard Liège||First Division||0||0
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Maccabi Tel Aviv||Liga Leumit||30||21
|1999/00||Premier League||26||8
|2000||Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 2||34||11
|2001||Oita Trinita||J. League 2||11||6
|2001/02||Ashdod||Premier League||15||9
|2002/03||Beitar Jerusalem||Premier League||33||12
|2003/04||Maccabi Tel Aviv||Premier League||25||4
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Górnik Łęczna||rowspan="3"|Ekstraklasa||13||5
|2006/07||||
Fernando Picun (born 14 February 1972) is a former Uruguayan football player.
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Feyenoord Rotterdam||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||14||1
|1997/98||22||2
|1999||rowspan="2"|Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 1||4||0
|2000||J. League 2||29||1
Club 2020
Confiança
CRB
Operário-PR
Campeonato Brasileiro
Esporte Clube Vitória, usually known simply as Vitória, is a Brazilian football team from Salvador in Bahia, founded on May 13, 1899.
The team plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B and the Campeonato Baiano.
The club was founded on May 13, 1899, by the brothers Artur and Artêmio Valente, along with seventeen other young fellows.
On the start, the Vitória was a cricket club, named Club de Cricket Victoria, because all of them lived at the Vitória neighborhood, in Salvador.
In 1902, Victory started to have football as a sport, as well as athletics, swimming and rowing.
Still in that year, the club changed its name to Sport Club Victória, as cricket was no longer the only sport practiced, and changed its colors to red and black at the suggestion of Mr. Cesar Godinho Spínola, who came from Rio de Janeiro, who proposed creation of the nautical section in the club.
Rubén Olivera (born 4 May 1983) is an Uruguayan football player.
He has played for the Uruguayan national team.
|2000||rowspan="3"|Danubio||rowspan="3"|Primera División||4||0
|2001||29||12
|2002||17||8
|2002/03||Juventus||Serie A||3||0
|2003/04||Atlético Madrid||La Liga||2||0
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Juventus||rowspan="2"|Serie A||18||4
|2006/07||Sampdoria||Serie A||20||0
|2007/08||Juventus||Serie A||1||0
|2007/08||Peñarol||Primera División||11||6
|2008/09||Genoa||Serie A||20||4
|2009/10||Peñarol||Primera División||||
His father Dido Havenaar and brother Nikki Havenaar are also footballers.
Havenaar was born in Hiroshima on May 20, 1987.
He joined J1 League club Yokohama F. Marinos in 2006.
He also played for Avispa Fukuoka (2008), Sagan Tosu (2009) and Ventforet Kofu (2010-2011).
At Kofu, he became a top scorer with 20 goals in 2010 J2 League and was selected Best Eleven in 2011 J1 League.
In January 2012, he moved to Dutch Eredivisie club Vitesse.
He played 78 matches and scored 26 goals in 3 seasons.
From summer 2014, he played for Córdoba (2014), HJK Helsinki (2015) and Den Haag (2015-2017).
In July 2017, he returned to Japan and joined Vissel Kobe.
However he could not play many matches and moved to Vegalta Sendai in July 2018.
In 2019, he moved to Thai League 1 club Bangkok United.
In 2020, he returned to Japan and joined Ventforet Kofu and played 1 season.
In 2007, Havenaar was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2007 U-20 World Cup.
In 2011, he was selected the Japan national team for 2014 World Cup qualification.
At this qualification, he debuted against North Korea on September 2.
He played 18 games and scored 4 goals for Japan until 2016.
|2006||rowspan="2"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="2"|J1 League||9||0||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|2007||15||0||0||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||19||1
|2008||Avispa Fukuoka||J2 League||26||7||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||7
|2009||Yokohama F. Marinos||J1 League||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2009||Sagan Tosu||J2 League||33||15||2||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||17
|2010||rowspan="2"|Ventforet Kofu||J2 League||31||20||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||20
|2011||J1 League||32||17||0||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||34||18
|2011/12||rowspan="3"|Vitesse||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||15||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||5
|2012/13||32||11||3||1||colspan="2"|-||3||0||38||12
|2013/14||32||10||2||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||35||10
|2014/15||Córdoba||La Liga||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|2015||HJK Helsinki||Veikkausliiga||20||4||1||1||2||2||4||1||27||8
|2015/16||rowspan="2"|Den Haag||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||31||16||1||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||17
|2016/17||28||9||2||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||10
|2017||rowspan="2"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|J1 League||9||2||2||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||13||3
|2018||4||1||0||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||9||2
|2018||Vegalta Sendai||J1 League||6||1||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||1
|2019||Bangkok United||League 1||7||3||0||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||8||4
|2020||Ventforet Kofu||J2 League||14||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||0
1920 establishments in South America
1989 establishments in Brazil
|2004||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||8||2||0||0||2||0||10||2
|2005||Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 1||4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|2006||Tokushima Vortis||J. League 2||34||8||0||0||colspan="2"|-||34||8
|2007||Gifu||Football League||27||8||2||0||colspan="2"|-||29||8
Ryosuke Kijima (born 29 May 1979) is a Japanese football player.
He plays for Roasso Kumamoto.
|1998||Yokohama Marinos||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|1999||rowspan="4"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||2||0||2||0||0||0||4||0
|2000||5||0||3||1||0||0||8||1
|2001||20||0||1||0||7||0||28||0
|2002||3||0||0||0||5||1||8||1
|2002||rowspan="4"|Oita Trinita||J. League 2||15||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|2003||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||4||0||1||0||0||0||5||0
|2004||18||3||1||0||2||1||21||4
|2005||10||0||1||0||4||0||15||0
|2006||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|2008||rowspan="2"|Roasso Kumamoto||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||29||7||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||7
|2009||45||10||1||0||colspan="2"|-||46||10
Željko Milinovič (born 12 October 1969) is a former Slovenian football player.
|1991/92||Slovan||PrvaLiga||17||0||||||||||17||0
|1991/92||rowspan="3"|Olimpija Ljubljana||rowspan="3"|PrvaLiga||10||2||||||||||10||2
|1992/93||20||2||||||||||20||2
|1993/94||20||0||||||||||20||0
|1994/95||Železničar Ljubljana||PrvaLiga||25||1||||||||||25||1