the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Capital of the Belоstok Province of the Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire from 1842 to 1915
Capital of the Bialystok-Grodno District of the German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost during World War I (1914–1918)
Capital of the Białystok Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic from 1919 to 1939
During World War II it was the capital of the Belastok Voblast, Byelorussian SSR from 1939–1941 and 1944–1945
Capital of Bezirk Białystok during the World War II occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944
Capital of the Białystok Voivodeship, People's Republic of Poland from 1945 to 1999
Białystok is in the Białystok Uplands () of the Podlaskie Plain (), part of what is known collectively as the Green Lungs of Poland.
The Biała River, a left tributary of the Supraśl River, passes through the city.
The landscape of the Białystok Upland is diverse, with high moraine hills in excess of   above sea level.
Vast areas of outwash are occupied by forests, which created a number of nature reserves including Knyszyn Forest, of which a portion exists within the city limits.
The city has a Warm Summer Continental climate (Dfb) according to the Köppen climate classification system, which is characterized by warm temperatures during summer and long and frosty winters.
It is substantially different from most of the other Polish lowlands.
The region is one of the coldest in Poland, with the average temperature in January being .
The average temperature in a year is .
The number of frost days ranges from 50 to 60, with frost from 110 to 138 days and the duration of snow cover from 90 to 110 days.
Mean annual rainfall values oscillate around , and the vegetation period lasts 200 to 210 days.
Districts and Metropolitan Region
The city of Białystok is divided into 28 administrative units (Osiedla).
The first 27 of these were created on October 25, 2004.
The 28th, Dojlidy Górne, was created on October 23, 2006, out of three settlements which had been incorporated into the city: Dojlidy Górne, Kolonia Halickie, and Zagórki.
Metropolitan Białystok was designated by the Voivodeship of the Regulation No.
52/05 of 16 May 2005  in order to help economically develop the region.
In 2006, the metropolitan area population was 450,254 inhabitants.
For one km2, there are about 265 people.
Among urban residents are more women – 100 men for every 108 women on average.
The municipalities adjacent to Białystok are slowly losing their agricultural character, becoming residential suburban neighborhoods.
In June 2009, the population of the city was 294,399.
Historically, Białystok has been a destination for internal and foreign immigration, especially from Central and Eastern Europe.
In addition to the Polish minority, there was a significant Jewish majority in Białystok.
According to the Russian Empire Census of 1897, out of the total population of 66,000, Jews constituted 41,900 (around 63% percent).
Białystok's pre-World War II Jewish population constituted about 63 percent of the city's total population of 107,000.
World War II changed all of this.
In 1939 ca.
107,000 persons lived in Białystok, but in 1946 – only 56,759, and to this day there is much less ethnic diversity than in the previous 300 years of the city's history.
Currently the city's population is 97% Polish, 2.5% Belarusian and 0.5% of a number of minorities including Russians, Lipka Tartars, Ukrainians and Romani.
Most of the modern-day population growth is based on internal migration and urbanization.
Białystok, like other major cities in Poland, is a city county (powiat).
The Białystok City Council has 28 elected members, one of whom is the mayor, or President of Białystok, elected every four years.
The election of the City Council and of the local head of government, which takes place at the same time, is based on legislation introduced on 20 June 2002.
The current President of Białystok, elected for his first term in 2006, is Tadeusz Truskolaski.
It is also the seat of government for the Podlaskie Voivodeship.
The city is represented by several members of both houses of the Polish Parliament (Sejm and Senat).
Białystok is represented by the Podlaskie and Warmian-Masurian constituency of the European Parliament.
Military units
The 18th Reconnaissance Regiment of the Polish Land Forces is based in Białystok.
The heritage of the unit was the former 18th Territorial Defense Battalion and prior to that the former 18th Mechanized Brigade.
The Podlaska Cavalry Brigade was a military unit of the Polish Army, created on April 1, 1937.
Its headquarters was in Białystok.
It was formed from the Cavalry Brigade "Białystok", which existed between February 1929, and March 30, 1937.
After the Soviet invasion of Poland, remnants of the Brigade fought both Wehrmacht and Red Army troops, surrendering on October 6, 1939.
In the 19th century Białystok was an important center for light industry.
This was the reason for the substantial growth of the city's population.
The tradition continued with many garment factories established in the 20th century, such as Fasty in the district of Bacieczki.
However, after the fall of communism in 1989 many of these factories faced severe problems and subsequently closed down.
Currently Białystok is a major center for the developed machine industry (electronics, machinery and metal), wood, alcoholic beverages, building materials, glass factory and power generation.
The city lies close to the Polish border with Lithuania and Belarus, with the nearest border checkpoint with Belarus in Bobrowniki only  away.
Since the border with Belarus is also the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area, the city is a center for trade from countries to the east.
Białystok is the largest cultural center in north-eastern Poland.
Museums include the Historical Museum, the Museum of Sculpture Alfons Karny, and the Białystok Village Museum.
Approximately 32% of the city is occupied by green areas.
Parks and squares and 1,779 ha of forest are located within the city which creates a unique and healthy climate.
Within Białystok, there are two nature reserves with a total area of 105 ha, that are part of the Knyszyn Forest.
Such a location of nature reserves in the immediate vicinity of the city is unique.
The city has a number of sports teams, both professional and amateur, and a number of venues across the city.
Jagiellonia Białystok is a Polish football club, based in Białystok, that plays in Ekstraklasa league at the Białystok City Stadium.
In 2010, Jagiellonia Białystok won the Polish Cup and the Super Cup, and qualified to play in the third round qualification of the UEFA Europa League.
A new 22,500 seat stadium is expected to be completed by the end of 2012.
Białystok has a wide variety of media outlets serving the city and surrounding region.
There are two locally published newspapers in addition to two national papers with local bureaus.
There are a number of national and locally produced television and radio channels available both over-the-air from the nearby RTCN Białystok (Krynice) Mast, the seventh highest structure in Poland, in addition to transmitter sites within the city and on the cable television network within the city.
In the early 1900s, Białystok was reputed to have the largest concentration of Jews of all the cities in the world.
In 1931, 40,000 Jews lived in the city, nearly half the city's inhabitants.
The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Białystok.
Establishment of the Diocese and the Archdiocese and the cities of Białystok ended the period of the temporary church administration in the Białystok region owned lands over the centuries to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vilnius, which after World War II remained in the Polish borders.
The city is also the seat of the Białystok-Gdańsk Diocese of the Polish Orthodox Church.
Białystok is the largest concentration of Orthodox believers in Poland.
The city is, and has been for centuries, the main hub of transportation for the Podlaskie Voivodeship and the entire northeastern section of Poland.
It is a major city on the European Union roadways and railways to the Baltic Republics and Finland.
It is also a main gateway of trade with Belarus due to its proximity to the border and its current and longstanding relationship with Hrodno, Belarus.
Passenger trains connect from Suvalki (Poland), Hrodno and Lithuania to Warsaw and the rest of the European passenger network.
An extensive public transportation system is provided within the city by three bus services, but no tram or subway exists.
A civil airport, Białystok-Krywlany Airport, lies within the city limits, but does not provide regularly scheduled service.
There are plans to build a new regional airport, Białystok-Saniki Airport, in the next few years that will provide flights within Europe.
Higher education in the city can be traced back to the second half of the 18th century when the ownership of the city was inherited by Jan Klemens Branicki.
As a patron of the arts and sciences, Branicki encouraged numerous artists and scientists to settle in Białystok to take advantage of Branicki's patronage.
In 1745 Branicki established Poland's first military college, the School of Civil and Military Engineering, in the city.
Since the fall of communism many private-funded institutions of higher educations were founded and their number is still increasing.
Currently Białystok is home to one principal public university (University of Białystok) and two other public specialist universities (Białystok Technical University and Medical University of Białystok).
Some institutions, such as Musical Academy in Białystok, are branches of their parent institutions in other cities, usually in Warsaw.
Over the centuries Białystok has produced a number of persons who have provided unique contributions to the fields of science, language, politics, religion, sports, visual arts and performing arts.
This environment was created in the mid-18th century by the patronage of Jan Klemens Branicki for the arts and sciences.
A list of recent notable persons includes, but is not limited to:
Ryszard Kaczorowski, last Polish government-in-exile President of the Republic of Poland
L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto
Albert Sabin, co-developer of the polio vaccine
Izabella Scorupco, actress
Max Weber, painter.
Tomasz Frankowski, footballer
Popular culture references
The asteroid 19981 Bialystock was named in the city's honour on 1 June 2007.
The bialy, a bagel-like roll, derives its name from the city.
The protagonist of Mel Brooks' film and musical The Producers is named Max Bialystock.
A large part of the narrative of David Zagier's early memoirs, Botchki: when doomsday was still tomorrow centers on Białystok.
Gdynia  (, ) is a city in northern Poland in Pomeranian Voivodeship, and is an important and seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea.
It has about 248 000 inhabitants and 135 km².
() is a city in Poland in the Silesian Voivodeship.
About 223,000 people live there, and it has an area of .
Mould (or mold) is a type of fungus.
It grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae.
In contrast, fungi that can adopt a single-celled growth habit are called yeasts.
Molds are a large group of fungi.
The growth of their hyphae results in discoloration and a fuzzy appearance, especially on food.
The network of these tubular branching hyphae, called a mycelium, is considered a single organism.
There are thousands of different kinds.
Some molds cause disease or food spoilage.
Sometimes people use them to make some kinds of cheese.
Many antibiotics are developed from natural anti-bacterial substance made by moulds.
Mold or mould, also sometimes referred to as mildew, is a fungal growth that develops on wet materials.
Mold is a natural part of the environment and plays an important part in nature by breaking down dead organic matter such as fallen leaves and dead trees; indoors, mold growth should be avoided and proper inspection should be done for effective mold removal.
David James (born 1 August 1970) is an English retired footballer.
He last played for Kerala Blasters FC and England national team.
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Watford||rowspan="3"|Second Division||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|1990/91||46||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||46||0
|1991/92||43||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||43||0
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Liverpool||rowspan="7"|Premier League||29||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||29||0
|1993/94||14||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||14||0
|1994/95||42||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||43||0
|1995/96||38||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||40||0
|1996/97||38||0||2||0||4||0||0||0||40||0
|1997/98||27||0||1||0||5||0||4||0||37||0
|1998/99||26||0||2||0||0||0||5||0||33||0
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||29||0||5||0||5||0||0||0||39||0
|2000/01||38||0||3||0||1||0||4||0||46||0
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|West Ham United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||0||3||0||0||0||0||0||29||0
|2002/03||38||0||2||0||2||0||0||0||42||0
|2003/04||League Championship||27||0||1||0||3||0||0||0||31||0
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Manchester City||rowspan="3"|Premier League||17||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||17||0
|2004/05||38||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||39||0
|2005/06||38||0||5||0||1||0||0||0||44||0
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Portsmouth||rowspan="4"|Premier League||38||0||2||0||1||0||0||0||41||0
|2007/08||35||0||6||0||1||0||0||0||42||0
|2008/09||34||0||3||0||1||0||5||0||43||0
Total||49||0
Sportspeople from Hertfordshire
Martin Adams (born 1956) is an English professional darts player.
His nickname is Wolfie, referring to his hairy face and the fact that he likes wolves.
Adams is a top-ranked darts player.
He is a three-time BDO World Champion and three-time World Masters champion.
He was on the board of the British Darts Organisation for a short time.
World Championship results
1994: Quarter Final: (lost to Magnus Caris 2-4)
1995: Semi Final: (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 4-5)
1996: Quarter Final: (lost to Steve Beaton 1-4)
1997: 1st Round: (lost to Roger Carter 1-3)
1998: 1st Round: (lost to Robbie Widdows 2-3)
1999: Quarter Final: (lost to Chris Mason 4-5)
2000: 1st Round: (lost to Steve Coote 2-3)
2001: 2nd Round: (lost to Ronnie Baxter 1-3)
2002: Semi Final: (lost to Tony David 4-5)
2003: 2nd Round: (lost to Bob Taylor 1-3)
2004: 1st Round: (lost to Richie Davies 2-3)
2005: Runner Up: (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 2-6)
2006: Semi Final: (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 2-6)
2007: Winner (beat Phill Nixon 7-6)
2008: Semi Final: (lost to Mark Webster 4-6)
2009: Semi Final: (lost to Ted Hankey 4-6)
2010: Winner (beat Dave Chisnall 7-5)
2011: Winner (beat Dean Winstanley 7-5)
2012: Quarter Final: (lost to Tony O'Shea 2-5)
2013: 1st Round: (lost to Jimmy Hendriks 2-3)
Wolfie Darts Official Web Site
A heterotroph (Greek heteros = another and trophe = nutrition) is an organism that requires organic substrates to get its carbon for growth and development.
In food chains
A heterotroph is known as a consumer in the food chain.
Consumers are organisms that cannot make their own food supply.
They use the food that producers make, or they eat other organisms.
Animals are consumers.
To stay alive, consumers must get food from other organisms.
There are three types of consumers:Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores.
Herbivores
Consumers that only eat plants are called herbivores.
The word herbivore comes from the Latin words herba, which means "grass or herb," and vorare, which means "to eat."
A giraffe is an example of a herbivorous consumer.
Consumers that only eat animals are called carnivores.
The word comes from the Latin carnis, which means "flesh", and vorare, which means "to eat."
A tiger is an example of a carnivorous consumer.
Consumers that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores.
The word comes from the Latin omnis, which means "all" and vorare.
Humans are a good example of an omnivorous consumer.
{{NFL team|name=Pittsburgh Steelers
|current=2012 Pittsburgh Steelers season
|logo=Pittsburgh Steelers logo.svg
|founded=1933
|city=Heinz FieldPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
|misc=Headquartered in UPMC Sports Performance ComplexPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
|uniform =
|colors=Black, gold, white
|coach=Mike Tomlin
|owner=The Rooney Family
|chairman= Dan Rooney
|president=Art Rooney II
|general manager=Kevin Colbert
|mascot=Steely McBeam
|hist_yr=1945
|NFL_start_yr=1933
|no_league_champs=6
|no_sb_champs=6
|no_conf_champs=8
|no_div_champs=21
|sb_champs=1974 (IX), 1975 (X), 1978 (XIII), 1979 (XIV), 2005 (XL), 2008 (XLIII)
|div_champs=
AFC Central: 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001
AFC North: 2002, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014
| playoff_appearances = <ul>1947, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2014
| no_playoff_appearances = 28
|stadium_years=
Forbes Field (1933–1963)
Shibe Park (1943)
Comiskey Park (1944)
Pitt Stadium (1958–1969)
Three Rivers Stadium (1970–2000)
Heinz Field (2001–present)
|team_owners = The Rooney family (1933–present)
|team_presidents =
Art Rooney (1933–1975)
Dan Rooney (1975–2002)
Art Rooney II (2002–present)
The Pittsburgh Steelers are an American football team in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.. They have won six Super Bowls in eight appearances.
That is  most that any team has won, tied with the New England Patriots.
They have a rivalry with the Baltimore Ravens.
Pittsburgh plays in the AFC North with Baltimore, the Cincinnati Bengals, and the Cleveland Browns.
The Steelers are most famous for their defense.
In the 1970s, their defense was nicknamed the "Steel Curtain".
It helped the Steelers to four Super Bowl wins.
Other well-known Steelers defenses include the 1990s "Blitzburgh" defense and the 2000s defense (which was not nicknamed).
1933 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in Pennsylvania
Alice Cooper (born February 4, 1948) is an American rock musician and singer.
Originally, there was a band called Alice Cooper led by a singer named Vincent Damon Furnier.
The band was one of the creators of a very theatrical and violent type of heavy metal music that was designed to shock and would come to be known as "shock rock."
In 1974, Furnier legally changed his name to Alice Cooper and started making solo music.
Cooper's solo career began with the 1975 album Welcome to My Nightmare.
Over the years Cooper has played many different musical styles.
Alice Cooper is known for his social and witty persona offstage.
The Rolling Stone Album Guide referred to him as the world's most "beloved" heavy metal entertainer.
He helped to shape the sound and look of heavy metal.
Cooper is also credited as being one of the first to bring movie-like looks to the rock concert stage in the late 1960s.
Substrate (biology), the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached
Substrate (marine biology), the earthy material in the bottom of a marine habitat, like dirt, rocks, sand, or gravel
Substrate (aquarium), the material used in the bottom of an aquarium
The stratum that is covered by another geologic stratum
Substrate (biochemistry), a molecule an enzyme has an effect on
Substrate (chemistry), the catalytic material upon which chemical species react
Wafer (electronics), material upon which integrated circuits are fabricated
Printed circuit board (electronics), or the electrically insulating portion of a PCB structure
Substratum, in linguistics, a language that influences but is supplanted by a second language
Neural substrate, in neuroscience, the set of brain structures that underlies a specific behavior or psychological state
Substrate (printing), the base material to which images will be printed
A diagram is usually a two-dimensional display which communicates using visual relationships.
It is a simplified and structured visual representation of concepts, ideas, constructions, relations, statistical data, anatomy etc.
It may be used for all aspects of human activities to explain or illustrate a topic.
visual information device: Like the term "illustration" the diagram is used as a collective term standing for the whole class of technical genres, including graphs, technical drawings and tables.
specific kind of visual display: This is the genre that shows qualitative data with shapes that are connected by lines, arrows, or other visual links.
In science the term is used in both ways.
For example, Anderson (1997) stated more generally: "diagrams are pictorial, yet abstract, representations of information, and maps, line graphs, bar charts, engineering blueprints, and architects' sketches are all examples of diagrams, whereas photographs and video are not".
On the other hand, Lowe (1993) defined diagrams as specifically "abstract graphic portrayals of the subject matter they represent".
Diagrams affect the mind so that the viewer comes to understand them, but not in the way one understands words.
Visual thinking or problem-solving is very ancient, and largely automatic.
One only has to remember that the brain puts together an image of the world around us based on sensory input, mostly sight.
We do not make any conscious decisions: it is done without conscious thought.
Diagrams most likely "tap in" to some of these ancient – but largely unknown – routines.
In fact these normally hidden brain processes do sometimes become apparent.
When brain damage affects the visual cortex, or when visual illusions are created, are two classic examples.
The way some diagrams affect thinking is quite important.
Mendeleev's periodic table summarised previous research on the elements.
Far more important, though, was the way it suggested the properties of elements which were not yet discovered.
This diagram stimulated creative thought, and other examples from the history of science could be given: see Feynman diagram.
Basic diagram types
Tree diagram
Exploded view
Euler diagram
Gantt chart – shows the timing of tasks or activities (used in project management)
Mind map – used for learning, brainstorming, memory, visual thinking and problem solving
Some main diagram types
Graph-based diagrams: relationships are expressed as connections between the items or overlaps between the items; examples:
Chart-like diagram techniques, which display a relationship between two variables that take either discrete or a continuous ranges of values; examples:
Radom is a city in Poland in Masovian Voivodeship.
About 229,000 people live in the city which covers an area of 111 km².
Kielce is a city in Poland in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship.
It has a population of about 215,000 inhabitants and 109 km² of land area.
Starotoruńskie Przedmieście
Barbarka
Bielany
Bydgoskie Przedmieście
Wrzosy
Koniuchy
Chełmińskie Przedmieście
Rybaki
Katarzynka
Mokre
Jakubskie Przedmieście
Winnica
Grębocin nad Strugą
Bielawy
Na Skarpie
Kaszczorek
Piaski
Podgórz
Glinki
Stawki
Rudak
Czerniewice
Zabrze is a city in Poland in the Silesian Voivodeship.
It has about 188,000 inhabitants and an area about 109 km².
Bytom is a city in Poland in Silesian Voivodeship.
About 193,000 people live there.
The city is 69 km².
Gorzów Wielkopolski is a city in Poland in Lubusz Voivodeship.
It has about 125,000 inhabitants and is  in size.
Zielona Góra  () is a city in Poland in Lubusz Voivodeship.
It has about 118 000 inhabitants and covers 58 km².
Zielona Góra received status of city in 1323.
Opole is the biggest city in Opole Voivodeship in the southwest part of Poland.
The German name of the city is Oppeln, and the Czech name is Opolí.
It has about 128,000 people living in it and is 149 km² in area.
The mayor of the city is Arkadiusz Wiśniewski.
Opole is over 1000 years old.
In 990 it became a Polish city.
During the Middle Ages it became a German city.
It was called Oppeln for a long time.
After the Second World War the city once again became Polish, and the German citizens were forced to leave.
It has been called by its Polish name Opole ever since.
Famous people from Opole
Jerzy Buzek (born 1940), academic and politician, President of the European Parliament, former Prime Minister of Poland
Belgorod (Russia)
Bruntál (Czech Republic)
Carrara (Italy)
Grasse (France)
Ingolstadt (Germany)
Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukraine
Kuopio (Finland)
Alytus (Lithuania)
Mülheim (Germany)
Potsdam (Germany)
Roanoke County (United States)
Székesfehérvár (Hungary)
The Jutes were a Germanic people who are believed to have come from Jutland (called Iutum in Latin) in modern Denmark inclusive Southern Schleswig in Northern Germany and part of the Frisian coast.
The Jutes, along with the Angles, Saxons and Frisians, were mentioned amongst the Germanic tribes who sailed across the North Sea to raid and eventually invade Great Britain.
It is believed that the Jutes settled particularly in Kent and the Isle of Wight.
The land where the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons settled became the country of England.
The Jutes in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight
Were the West Saxons guilty of ethnic cleansing?
Grindcore is a type of heavy metal and hardcore punk music.
It was invented in the 1980s by bands such as Napalm Death.
Grindcore is a lot like black metal and death metal, but the guitar parts are very simple and are played over and over again in a song.
The vocals are usually loud shouts and screams while the drums play fast and loud, around 200bpm.
In most cases, grindcore songs will be very short in length - Napalm Death's song 'You Suffer' is the shortest in the world at 1.316 seconds long.
Their lyrics are similar to death metal and hardcore punk, which usually sing about pain, suffering, blood, gore or politics, injustice and revolution.
One popular grindcore band is Anal Cunt, who go by "A.C." because their name has a sexual meaning.
A.C. sings about racism, violence, and sexism.
They produce very controversial songs such as 'You Were Pregnant So I Kicked You in the Stomach' and lyrics which make jokes of the Third Reich.
Lorette, Loire, a commune in the Loire department, France
Lorette, Manitoba, a community in Manitoba, Canada
Lorette, Pommes, a fried potato dish from French cuisine.
The band was formed in Buffalo, New York in 1988 by Bob Russay, the first guitarist (who left the band in 1993).
The band's lyrics draw heavily on horror fiction themes which consist of necrophilia, gore, rape, and death; and are highly controversial within the media.
The bands' first 3 albums were banned in Europe until 2006 because of their graphic artwork.
They are considered by many to be one of the most influential Death Metal bands in existence.
Since their formation in 1988, they have undergone several line-up changes.
Paul Mazurkiewicz (1988-present) - Drums
Alex Webster (1988-present) - Bass guitar
Rob Barrett (1993-1997, 2005-present) - Rhythm guitar
George "Corpsegrinder" Fisher (1995-present) - Lead vocals
Patrick O'Brien (1997-present) - Lead guitar
Chris Barnes (1988-1995) - Lead vocals
Jack Owen (1988-2004) - Guitars
Bob Rusay (1988-1993) - Guitars
Jeremy Turner (2004-2005) - Guitars (live)
Eaten Back to Life (1990)
Butchered At Birth (1991)
Tomb of the Mutilated (1992)
The Bleeding (1994)
Vile (1996)
Gallery of Suicide (1998)
Bloodthirst (1999)
Gore Obsessed (2002)
The Wretched Spawn (2004)
Kill (2006)
Evisceration Plague (2009)
Torture (2012)
A Skeletal Domain (2014)
Red Before Black (2017)
Violence Unimagined (2021)
Musicians from Buffalo, New York
La Grand-Croix is a town in France.
It is near Lorette and Saint-Paul-en-Jarez.
Communes in Loire
Saint-Paul-en-Jarez is a town in France.
It is near La Grand-Croix and Saint-Chamond.
Saint-Chamond is a town in France.
It is near Saint-Paul-en-Jarez and Saint-Jean-Bonnefonds.
Guayana Esequiba is the name Venezuela gives to a region that it claims in the west of Guyana.
Its area is 159,500 square kilometers.
For Guyana, this area is divided into the six administrative regions of Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo and Essequibo Islands-West Demerara.
It has been stated that the south coast of the Orinoco from the point of Barima, 20 leagues more or less inland, up to the creek of Curucima, is low lying and swampy land and, so, reckoning all this tract as useless, very few patches of fertile land being found therein, and hardly any savannahs and pastures, it is disregarded; so taking as chief base the said creek of Curucima, or the point of the chain and ridge in the great arm of the Imataka, an imaginary line will be drawn running to the south-south-east following the slopes of the ridge of the same name which is crossed by the Rivers Aguire, Arature and Amacuro, and others, in the distance of 20 leagues, direct to the Cuyuni; from there it will run on to the Masaruni and Essequibo, parallel to the sources of the Berbis and Surinama; this is the directing line of the course which the new Settlements and foundations proposed must follow.
In 1840, Venezuela claimed all of Guyana west of the Essequibo River – 62% of what was then British Guiana.
Britain and Venezuela argued over the boundary between British Guiana and Venezuela for much of the 19th century.
On 21 February 1881, in a note to Lord Grenville, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Great Britain at that time, Venezuela suggested a border line starting from a point one mile to the north of the Moruka River, drawn from there westward to the 60th meridian, and running south along that meridian.
This would have given the Barima District to Venezuela.
The Government of Venezuela, in the case it made to the Arbitration Tribunal, changed its claim on the district just west of the Essequibo, and claimed that the boundary should run from the mouth of the Moruka River southwards to the Cuyuni River, near where it meets the Mazaruni River, and then along the east bank of the Essequibo to the Brazilian border.
Britain and Venezuela accepted the decision of the Tribunal in 1899.
Venezuela raised the issue again in 1962, four years before Guyana won independence from Britain.
At a meeting in Geneva in 1966, the two countries agreed to hear ideas from a representative of the UN Secretary General on ways to settle the dispute peacefully.
There are still diplomatic contacts between the two countries and the Secretary General's representative.
Venezuela recognizes as territory of the new State the one which is located on the east of the right bank of the Essequibo River, and reiterates before the new State, and before the international community, that it expressly reserves its rights of territorial sovereignty over all the zone located on the west bank of the above-mentioned river.
Therefore, the Guyana-Essequibo territory over which Venezuela expressly reserves its sovereign rights, limits on the east by the new State of Guyana, through the middle line of the Essequibo River, beginning from its source and on to its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean.
Venezuelan maps drawn since 1970 show all the area from the eastern bank of the Essequibo, including the islands in the river, as Venezuelan territory.
On some maps, the western Essequibo region is called the "Zone of Reclamation".
Sudeley Castle is a castle near Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom.
It was built in 1441 by Ralph Boteler, who had the castle confiscated by Edward IV of England.
Edward gave Sudeley Castle to his brother, who later became Richard III of England, who then gave it to his uncle Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford.
By the time Henry VIII of England succeeded, the castle was the property of the Crown again.
It had been visited by Henry in 1535, with his second wife Anne Boleyn, but had been empty and unattended for some time.
When Henry died the castle became the property of his son, Edward VI of England, who gave it to his uncle, Thomas Seymour.
Thomas was made Lord of Sudeley and married the King's stepmother, Catherine Parr.
During this time Thomas began to regenerate the castle for Catherine's use, but only one room that he had built remains today.
Seymour and Catherine moved into the castle and brought with them ladies to attend on the Queen Dowager, as well as gentlemen of the household and Yeomen of the guard.
The castle was then home to over 100 people.
Another famous figure who came to live in the castle of Lady Jane Grey, who was a ward of Seymour's, as well as the young Elizabeth I of England.
Catherine died after she had given birth to a daughter, Mary, at Sudeley Castle and was buried in its St. Mary's Chapel.
Her grave was discovered in 1728 after the castle and the chapel had been left in ruins by the English Civil War.
She was later reinterred by the Rector of Sudeley in 1817.
Seymour's ambitions led to him being arrested and beheaded, after which Sudeley Castle became the property of Catherine's brother William Parr, who was the Marquess of Nothampton.
Parr was stripped of his property and title after being involved in the failed attempt to make Lady Jane Grey Queen of England.
In 1554 Mary I of England gave Sudeley Castle John Brydges, Lord Chandos and it remained as his property throughout the reign of Elizabeth I of England.
Elizabeth was entertained three times at Sudeley Castle, which including a spectacular feast in 1592 to celebrate the anniversary of the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
The Godfather trilogy refers to the three Mafia movies directed by Francis Ford Coppola about the fictional Corleone crime family;
Crime drama movies
Ham and Evans were members of the rock band Badfinger, and they combined the verse of one unfinished song with the chorus of another, to complete "Without You".
Badfinger included their version of the song on their second album, No Dice, which was released in 1970.
Apple Records was Badfinger's record label, and the song was published by a related company, Apple Music.
The song got little attention at first, but when  Harry Nilsson recorded a  of it, his single became a worldwide hit.
Nilsson, Ham and Evans all reached career peaks, and Nilsson won a Grammy Award for his recording.
"Without You" became, and remains, very popular around the world.
Many other artists have recorded the song, and several have had hits with it, including Mariah Carey.
Apple Music lost the American rights to the song, early in the 21st century.
1970 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Apple Records was a record label founded in 1968, started by The Beatles.
It was a division of the Beatles's company Apple Corps.
EMI served as distributors for Apple.
While the Beatles and their business associates had high hopes for Apple at first, the tensions that caused the Beatles to split also hurt the label.
Many of the records released on Apple failed to become popular, either because they did not go over well with listeners, or were not given the promotion they needed or deserved to become hit records.
James Taylor "walked out" on his Apple Records contract, and signed with Warner Bros., where he began a long string of hits.
Mary Hopkin retired from music after completing her contract.
Billy Preston and Badfinger moved on to other record labels.
Reissues
The label came back into business  in the late 1980s, when the Beatles's music first appeared on compact disc.
In 1992, most of Apple's other music also began to appear on CD.
Yoko Ono's Apple recordings were not reissued by the label, because her husband John Lennon (a member of the Beatles) had to buy them back from Apple as part of a business settlement.
After his death in 1980, Ono became the owner of the recordings.
She later reissued them through another label, called Rykodisc.
The Germanic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples.
They came from Northern Europe and are identified by their use of the Germanic languages.
Migrating Germanic peoples spread throughout Europe, mixing with existing local populations (like Celts, Slavs/Vends, and Romans).
They eventually formed the basis of many nations.
These nations are connected by similar languages, common history, and culture.
The Latin word Germani was first used by Julius Caesar.
The Germanic tribes did not have a name for themselves that described all Germanic-speaking people.
In English, German is first attested in 1520, replacing earlier use of Almain or Dutch.
Today, in English, “Dutch” means the language or people of the Netherlands.
In the 1st century CE, Roman authors like Caesar and Tacitus wrote that Germanic-speaking peoples had divided into tribal groupings.
The different tribes lived in different areas:
The East Germanic tribes lived around the rivers Oder and Vistula, in what is now Poland.
The Istvaeones lived around the lower Rhine River.
The Irminones lived around the Elbe River, in what is now Germany.
The Ingvaeones lived in Jutland and other islands that now belong to Denmark.
The Irminones, Ingvaeones, and Sons of Mannus Istvaeones are called West Germanic tribes.
Germanic people who remained in Scandinavia called North Germanic.
These groups all developed separate dialects.
These eventually developed into different Germanic languages.
Germanic peoples did not call themselves West Germanic, East Germanic, or North Germanic.
These categories were created in modern times.
The Germanic tribes were each politically independent, under a hereditary king (see Germanic king).
Each tribe had a myth about who first created the tribe.
For example, myths said that:
Angul created the Angles
Aurvandil created the Vandals (though historians are not certain this actually happened)
Burgundus created the Burgundians
Cibidus created the Cibidi
Dan created the Danes
Nór created the Norwegians
Gothus created the Goths
Ingve created the Ynglings
Irmin created the Irminones
Longobardus created the Lombards
Saxneat created the Saxons
Valagothus created the Valagoths
Suiones created the Swedes (Svear)
Some Germanic kings claimed that they should have power because they were related to their tribe’s mythical founders.
The early Germanic tribes spoke different dialects, but could understand each other.
They shared a common culture and mythology (see Germanic mythology).
Beowulf and the Volsunga saga make this clear.
At this time, the Romans forced the different peoples of Italy to be part of one big empire.
Unlike Italy, no large empire forced Germanic people to unite.
Because of this, the various tribes remained free, led by their own hereditary or chosen leaders.
Germanic Roots of Great Britain, A Genetic Study
On the origins of Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxons and Britons
May (Fung-Yee) Pang (born October 24, 1950) was a  to former Beatle John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono.
She later became Lennon's companion and lover, when he separated from Ono in the mid-1970s.
Pang was born in New York, New York to Chinese parents.
Pang was a secretary at ABKCO, a management company started by Allen Klein, in New York City.
ABKCO's clients included three of the Beatles: Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr.
When Lennon and wife Ono needed an assistant, Pang was sent to England to work for them.
She dated musician Peter Ham of Badfinger, and helped Lennon and Ono move to the United States, late in 1971.
During 1973, Lennon and Ono began to have problems in their marriage.
Ono trusted Pang, and suggested her as a companion for Lennon, knowing he wanted to see other women.
Lennon surprised Ono by taking Pang with him to Los Angeles, where he planned to record an album with Phil Spector.
Lennon and Pang lived together for over a year, while he worked on new music, and tried to decide whether to divorce Ono or  with her.
Lennon and Ono decided to reconcile early in 1975, and became the parents of Sean Lennon.
Even though Pang had been involved with the marketing of several of Lennon's records, and also records by Harry Nilsson and Ringo Starr, she had a hard time finding a new job.
She later found out the reason was because many companies were afraid Lennon would not want to do business with them, if he knew she worked there.
Pang finally found a job with Island Records, and later worked for RKO.
She married record producer Tony Visconti (the former husband of singer Mary Hopkin), and they started a family.
After Lennon's death in 1980, Pang wrote a , titled Loving John.
She also appeared on many talk shows, to discuss her relationship with Lennon.
Indo-Europeans are those who lived in eastern Europe and central Asia thousands of years ago.
They descended from the Ukrainian steppes, and spread out across Europe, western Asia, central Asia, and India.
An urban area is an area where many people live and work close together.
The population density is higher than in the surrounding area.
It is where buildings are close together.
Urban is the opposite of rural, where farm lands and nature are.
Urban areas are usually cities and towns.
Most of the work available in urban areas is factory and office work.
Agricultural work is rare because buildings are close together and there is no space for farm lands.
There are different urban area definitions for each country.
The definitions mostly depend on how populated the country is and if the definition shows a true percentage of how urbanized the country is.
For example, in Poland an urban area is any place that has the status of a town, whereas in China it is any district, city, or town with a population density higher than 1500 people per square kilometer.
The urban population definition for Canadian and Scandinavian countries depends on density.
If there is a house every 200 meters it is classified as urban.
Mary Hopkin (born 3 May 1950) is a Welsh folk singer.
She was born in Pontardawe.
She was most famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Her first and biggest hit was "Those Were The Days" in 1968.
When The Beatles started their own record label called Apple Records, they were looking for new artists to sign up.
Model Twiggy, a friend of the band, recommended her.
After Hopkin signed with Apple, Beatle Paul McCartney produced many of the songs for her first album, called Post Card.
Singer-songwriters Donovan and Harry Nilsson, and record producer George Martin, also gave her songs to record.
"Those Were The Days" was McCartney's choice for Hopkin's first single.
He chose well, and the song became a hit worldwide.
Hopkin recorded other singles, including "Goodbye", "Temma Harbour", "Knock, Knock, Who's There", and a remake of Doris Day's "Qué Sera, Sera", but they were not as successful as her first record.
McCartney moved on to a solo career after the Beatles disbanded, and no longer worked with her.
Hopkin's second album, Earth Song/Ocean Song, was largely self-produced.
Hopkin disliked the way Apple Records had promoted her, as a kind of "squeaky-clean" schoolgirl.
She left the label after two albums and a best-ofs compilation, also titled Those Were the Days.
She retired from music after marrying producer Tony Visconti, but she did appear as a background singer on a few of his productions.
During the 1990s, Apple Records reissued many of their old records, including Hopkin's two original albums.
She oversaw a new version of Those Were the Days, with bonus tracks and a detailed booklet.
Welsh singers
It links the Arc de Triomphe and the Place de la Concorde.
It is a very popular place: there are many famous cinemas, bars, boutiques, and restaurants.
It is also where the Tour de France ends.
Thomas "Tom" Evans (5 June 1947 – 19 November 1983) was an English guitarist and songwriter, who had several hit records as a member of Badfinger, during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
He was also the cowriter of "Without You", with collaborator Peter Ham, another member of Badfinger.
Evans and Ham wrote most of Badfinger's hits together, including "No Matter What", "Day After Day", and "Baby Blue", which appeared on Apple Records.
After leaving Apple, Badfinger's fortunes dipped.
Ham committed suicide by hanging in 1975.
Evans was devastated, and never got over losing his musical partner.
He also hanged himself, in London in 1983.
"Without You" first became a hit in a cover version by Harry Nilsson in 1971, and the song became a standard as time went on.
Badfinger's music was mostly forgotten by the 1980s, but became popular again in the 1990s when their old records appeared on compact disc.
Solon was a statesman in Ancient Greece.
He is one of Seven Sages (or Wise Men) of Greece, because of his political reforms to the laws of Athens.
Many of these changes helped the poor people.
He lived from 630 B.C.- 560 B.C. He introduced the court and judges.
About 594 B.C., the nobles elected Solon to lead Athens.
He made reforms that helped prevent a revolt by the poor.
First he freed people who had become slaves because of debts.
He made a law that no citizen could be enslaved.
Solon also organized citizens into four classes based on wealth, not birth.
Rich men had more power.
Yet this was still a more fair system than the old one that limited power to nobles.
Solon allowed all citizens to serve in the assembly and help elect leaders.
He also reformed the laws to make them less harsh.
Saint-Jean-Bonnefonds is a village in France near Saint-Paul-en-Jarez and Saint-Priest-en-Jarez.
Saint-Priest-en-Jarez is a town in France near Saint-Jean-Bonnefonds and Villars.
Villars, Dordogne
Villars, Eure-et-Loir
Villars-les-Dombes, Ain
Villars-le-Sec, Territoire de Belfort
In Switzerland
Villars, Jura, Switzerland in the municipality Fontenais
Villars-d'Avry in the municipality Pont-en-Ogoz
Villars-les-Joncs in the municipality Düdingen
Villars-sous-Mont in the municipality Bas-Intyamon
Villars-sur-Marly in the municipality Pierrafortscha
Canton of Vaud
Villars-sur-Ollon in the municipality Ollon
Villars Bozon in the municipality L'Isle
the municipality Bougy-Villars
the municipality Lussery-Villars
the municipality Villars-Bramard
the municipality Villars-Burquin
the municipality Villars-Epeney
the municipality Villars-le-Comte
the municipality Villars-le-Grand
the municipality Villars-le-Terroir
the municipality Villars-Mendraz
the municipality Villars-Sainte-Croix
the municipality Villars-sous-Champvent
the municipality Villars-sous-Yens
the municipality Villars-Tiercelin
Claude Louis Hector de Villars, a Marshal of France
Felix Villars (1921-2002), biophysicist
Villars-Maitre-Chocolatier
Logron is a village in France near Villars and Flacey.
In 1999, about 500 people lived there.
Communes in Eure-et-Loir
Flacey is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
A diet is some form of assembly.
People in the assembly meet (originally they did that daily, hence the name) to discuss and decide things.
Common examples are the Diet of Worms or the Diet of Speyer.
An omelette or omelet  is a type of food that is mainly eggs, with various fillings.
In the United States "omelets" are usually eaten at breakfast.
However omelettes can  be eaten as a light lunch or late evening meal.
Making an Omelette
An omelette is prepared from beaten eggs cooked with butter or oil in a frying pan.
A thin, flat 'heavy' omelette is usually folded around a filling such as cheese, vegetables, meat, or some combination of these ingredients.
In some traditions, omelettes are fried to cook the bottom and then flipped over or in half for final stage of cooking.
However, in other traditions, omelettes is baked to cook it evenly or the top is cooked under a broiler.
When making an omelette, it is best to use several eggs.
Put a little water in with the eggs when you mix them up because the water helps the eggs to produce steam as they cook.
The steam makes them lighter and fluffier.
Using oil in the bottom of a nonstick omelette pan helps prevent the omelette from sticking.
Follow these tips, add your favourite filling, and you will make a tasty omelette quickly and easily.
For a full light and fluffy omolette separate the egg whites and whisk to stiff peaks then fold in the yolks.
Cook by frying in a knob of butter on a medium heat until centre starts to dry then fold in half and cook until its hot in the middle.
"Famous" Omelettes
Arnold Bennett (27 May 1867 - 27 March 1931) was a British writer.
Often after having been to the theatre in London he visited the Savoy Hotel's Grillroom.
The chef added haddock, cream and Parmesan cheese to the basic omelette and called the new dish "Omelette Arnold Bennett" in his customer's honour.
When Napoleon Bonaparte and his army were marching through southern France, they stopped for the night near the town of Bessieres.
A local innkeeper made Napoleon an omelette.
Napoleon was so impressed by the cooking he ordered the townspeople to collect all the eggs in the village and to prepare a huge omelette for his army the next day.
A visa  (short for the Latin carta visa, lit. "
the document having been seen") is a permit given by a country that allows someone to go to that country.
A visa is a document that is stamped on a person's passport by an embassy.