the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Duchess of Padua (1883)
Lady Windermere's Fan (1892)
A Woman of No Importance (1893)
Salomé (French version) (1893, first performed in Paris 1896)
Salomé: A Tragedy in One Act: Translated from the French of Oscar Wilde by Lord Alfred Douglas, illustrated by Aubrey Beardsley (1894)
An Ideal Husband (1895) (text)
The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) (text)
La Sainte Courtisane and A Florentine Tragedy Fragmentary.
First published 1908 in Methuen's Collected Works
The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays.
Penguin Classics, 2000.
Edited with an Introduction, Commentaries and Notes by Richard Allen Cave.
Contains all from above save the first two.
Salome is in English.
As an appendix there is one excised scene from The Importance of Being Earnest.
1854 births
1900 deaths
Deaths from meningitis
Irish LGBT people
LGBT playwrights
LGBT poets
For the aircraft, see Lockheed U-2.
U2 are an Irish rock band.
The four members of the band are lead singer Bono (born Paul David Hewson), lead guitarist The Edge (born David Howell Evans), bassist Adam Clayton, and drummer Larry Mullen Jr. U2 are a very popular band all over the world and have been since the 1980s.
They have sold more than 170 million albums and have won 22 Grammy Awards.
This is more than any other rock band.
U2 formed in Dublin in 1976, when none of the members were very good musicians.
However, they got better as they got older.
They were more popular for playing live shows than for releasing albums.
This changed with their hit record in 1987, The Joshua Tree.
In 1991, U2 released a new album called Achtung Baby.
This album sounded very different from their other albums because it was inspired by alternative rock and dance music.
Achtung Baby and its worldwide Zoo TV Tour were both very popular.
U2 experimented for the rest of the 1990s, making two other very different albums, Zooropa and Pop.
In the 21st century, U2 returned to a more traditional sound, but they continue to be very popular and successful.
They are involved in charities and helping people with groups such as Amnesty International, Make Poverty History, the ONE Campaign, Live Aid, Live 8, Bono's DATA (Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa) campaign, and Music Rising.
In 2014, the group won a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for their song Ordinary Love which was used in the movie Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom.
Formation (1976-1979)
U2 was formed in the city of Dublin, Ireland on September 25, 1976.
It was founded by 14-year-old drummer Larry Mullen Jr. He posted a note on his school's notice board, asking for musicians to create a new band.
There were seven teenage boys who went to their first practice.
At first, the bandBand", but they later changed their name to "Feedback" and then "The Hype".
The band became smaller over time, eventually becoming just four people, and they finally changed their name to "U2" once Bono, The Edge, Clayton, and Mullen were left.
Boy (1980)
October (1981)
War (1983)
The Unforgettable Fire (1984)
The Joshua Tree (1987)
Rattle and Hum (1988)
Achtung Baby (1991)
Zooropa (1993)
Pop (1997)
All That You Can't Leave Behind (2000)
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2004)
No Line on the Horizon (2009)
Songs of Innocence (2014)
Songs of Experience (2017)
U2 official website
20th-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
1980s Irish music groups
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups from Dublin
1976 establishments in Europe
Paul David Hewson  (born 10 May 1960), known by his stage name Bono, is an Irish singer-songwriter, activist, businessman, and philanthropist.
He is best known as the lead singer of rock band U2.
The name Bono was a type of hearing aid and in Latin means good voice.
Bono married Alison Stewart.
Jordan (b. 1989), Eve (b. 1991), Elijah (b. 1999) and John (b. 2001).
Bono is known for doing a lot of charity work.
For this, he was named Time Person of the Year in 2005.
Bono has even been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, though he did not win it.
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Irish guitarists
Irish rock musicians
Irish singer-songwriters
Musicians from Dublin
Rock guitarists
Adam Clayton (born 13 March 1960 in Chinnor, Oxfordshire, England) is the bassist for the rock band U2.
He lives in County Dublin now, and he has a house in Southern France too.
When Adam was five years old, he and his family moved to Malahide near Dublin.
He started playing guitar when he went to school.
He joined the other members of the future U2 band in the same time.
Their band was first named "Feedback" and then they changed its name to "The Hype".
However, they released their second album on 1981 under the name of U2.
All other U2 members were married by 2006, and Adam was the only member who was still single.
In 2006, it was announced that Adam was going to marry Suzanne "Susie" Smith; they dated for almost 10 years before this news was announced.
They were planning to marry in the summer of 2007, but they split up in February 2007.
In January 2011, Adam revealed that he was the father of a baby boy, born in 2010.
On September 4, 2013, Adam married Mariana Teixeira de Carvalho, in a wedding in Dublin.
She is a fashion model from Brazil.
Bassists
David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961), more widely known as The Edge, is an English-born musician.
He is known best as the guitarist, keyboardist and backing vocalist for the Irish rock band U2.
David Howell Evans was born at the Barking Maternity Hospital, in Essex, England.
His parents, Garvin and Gwenda Evans, are Welsh.
When he was one, his family moved to County Dublin, Ireland.
There, he attended St. Andrew's National School.
He received piano and guitar lessons with his brother, Dik Evans.
At Mount Temple Comprehensive School, they both answered an advertisement posted by Larry Mullen Jr. wanting musicians to form a band.
The band accepted both of them.
This band went through several major changes before emerging as U2 in March 1978.
Dik Evans left the band just before the name change.
U2 began performing in various venues in Ireland and eventually began developing a following.
Their first album, Boy, was released in 1980.
In 1981, Evans came very close to leaving U2 for religious reasons, but he was persuaded to stay.
During this time, he became involved with a group called Shalom Tigers.
Bono and Larry Mullen Jr. were also involved in this group.
Shortly after deciding to remain with the band, he wrote a piece of music that later became "Sunday Bloody Sunday".
The Edge married his high school girlfriend Aislinn O'Sullivan on 12 July 1983.
The couple had three daughters together: Hollie in 1984, Arran in 1985 and Blue Angel in 1989.
The couple separated in 1990, but were unable to get officially divorced until 1996 because of Irish laws regarding marriage; divorce was made legal in 1995.
During U2's Zoo TV Tour, The Edge began to date Morleigh Steinberg.
The couple began dating in 1993, and had their daughter, Sian, and a son, Levi.
They were married on June 22, 2002.
The Edge appeared in the 2009 music documentary film It Might Get Loud.
He is also a Methodist.
Musicians from Essex
People from Barking
Larry Mullen Junior (born 31 October 1961) is an Irish drummer.
He is a member of the rock band U2.
Mullen was born in Dublin, Ireland.
Besides U2, Larry has worked with other musicians, including: Nanci Griffith, Daniel Lanois, Emmylou Harris, Robbie Robertson, Paul Brady and B.B. King.
Because of the Irish National Football team's bid for the World Cup in 1990, Mullen co-wrote and co-produced the anthem "Put 'Em Under Pressure."
He also worked with U2's Adam Clayton on the theme for the 1996 movie Mission: Impossible.
Mullen and Clayton joined with Mike Mills and Michael Stipe of R.E.M. to form the group "Automatic Baby" for Bill Clinton's Presidential inauguration in 1993 at MTV's Inaugural Ball.
Rock drummers
Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actress, philanthropist and author.
She has sold over 200 million copies worldwide and is one of the best-selling artists of all time.
Mariah Carey was born on March 27, 1969, in Huntington, New York.
Her father was of African American and Venezuelan ancestry and her mother is of Irish ancestry.
She practiced playing piano when she was a young girl.
Music career
She released her self-titled debut studio album in 1990.
It was released from Columbia Records.
The album was certified multi-platinum by the RIAA.
Four singles from the album all reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart ("Vision of Love", "Love Takes Time", "Someday", and "I Don't Wanna Cry").
It reached number one on the US Billboard 200.
It was certified 9× platinum.
This means that 9 million copies of the album were shipped in the US.
Carey married Tommy Mottola, the head of Sony Music, in 1993.
Mottola was the executive producer for Carey.
Many critics believed that this helped Carey's musical career.
In 1991, her album Emotions reached number four on the Billboard 200.
It was certified 4× platinum and sold less than her previous album.
Her songs "Emotions" (#1), "Can't Let Go" (#2), and "Make It Happen" (#5) were released as singles from the album.
Carey released her first EP MTV Unplugged (1992).
It reached number three on the Billboard 200.
The songs "I'll Be There" (#1) and "If It's Over" were released as singles from the album.
Carey's third album Music Box (1993) reached number one on the Billboard 200.
As of 2012, the album has sold 10,000,000 copies in the US, according to Nielsen Soundcan, and was certified Diamond because of this.
Worldwide, it sold 32 million copies and became one of the best-selling albums of all time. "
Dreamlover" (#1), "Hero" (#1), "Without You" (#3), "Never Forget You" (#3), and "Anytime You Need a Friend" (#12) helped Carey to become more popular.
Her first holiday album, Merry Christmas (1994), reached number three on the Billboard 200 chart.
Two singles were released:  "All I Want for Christmas Is You" and "Joy to the World".
Carey's fifth album Daydream became her third number-one album in the US.
It was given a diamond award from the RIAA.
This means that 10 million copies of the album were shipped in the US.
There were six singles for the album.
They include "Fantasy" (#1), "One Sweet Day" (#1), "Open Arms", "Always Be My Baby" (#1), "Forever" (#9) and "Underneath the Stars".
On September 16, 1997, Carey released her sixth album Butterfly.
The album reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart.
The album released five singles.
They include "Honey" (#1), "Butterfly" (#16), "The Roof (Back in Time)", "Breakdown" (#53) and "My All" (#1).
On November 2, 1999, her seventh album Rainbow was released.
After selling 323,000 copies the first week, it debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart.
It featured her fifteenth number-one US single, "Thank God I Found You" (with R&B singer Joe and boy band 98°), along with a cover of singer Phil Collins' song "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)".
The cover reached number one in the UK.
Carey starred in the movie Glitter in 2001.
It did not do so well and grossed $5,271,666 out of a $20,000,000 budget.
It was released on the day of the September 11 attacks.
It was nominated for several "worst movie" categories.
The soundtrack did better than the movie.
The single "Loverboy" reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100.
In 2002, her album Charmbracelet was released.
Her 2005 album, The Emancipation of Mimi, became one of her most successful albums.
Many music critics believed it was her "comeback album".
It contained her sixteenth and seventeenth US number-one hits, "We Belong Together" and "Don't Forget About Us".
"We Belong Together" was the number-one song of 2005 and of the 2000s decade in the US.
Her following album, E=MC² (2008), featured her eighteenth number-one song, "Touch My Body".
With this, Carey holds the most US number-ones for a solo artist in history.
However, this album, along with its followups Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel (2009) and Merry Christmas II You (2010), did not sell well.
She played the role of a social worker, Ms. Weiss, in the 2009 movie Precious.
In 2013, she was a judge on the competition series American Idol.
Carey's fourteenth album, Me.
I Am Mariah… The Elusive Chanteuse, was released in 2014 and reached number three on the Billboard 200.
The song "#Beautiful", featuring R&B singer Miguel, was released in May 2013 as the first single from the album.
It reached the top fifteen in the US and was certified platinum.
The next single, "The Art of Letting Go", was released on November 11, 2013.
"You're Mine (Eternal)" was released in time for Valentine's Day in 2014 as the third single from the album.
Carey released a greatest hits collection, #1 to Infinity, in 2015.
It features all eighteen of her US number-one songs along with a new song, "Infinity".
She performed a Las Vegas residency show at Caesars Palace called Mariah Carey #1 to Infinity and completed her Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour across Europe.
She performed at the New Year's Eve countdown show, Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest, on December 31, 2016.
This performance was not received well by viewers.
Her in-ear monitors were not working, which led her to walk around the stage and eventually lip-sync "We Belong Together".
On February 3, 2017, she released a new single, "I Don't", featuring rapper YG.
Footage was shown of Carey recording the song on her docuseries, Mariah's World.
In October 2017, a new song, "The Star", was released for the soundtrack of a film of the same name.
During Christmas 2017, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" reached a new high of #9 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Carey again performed at Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest on New Year's Eve 2017.
This performance was much more acclaimed than the one of the previous year.
The song finally reached number one for the week ending December 19, 2019.
It became Carey's nineteenth US number-one, continuing her record of the most number-ones in the US by a soloist.
In 2020, Carey announced that she would be releasing an autobiography, The Meaning of Mariah Carey, on September 29, 2020.
She is also releasing a compilation album, The Rarities, on October 2, 2020.
During the release of Glitter, Carey suffered a breakdown and was put in the hospital for exhaustion.
Carey married Nick Cannon in April 2008.
They have two children, twins Moroccan and Monroe.
They separated in 2014, with Cannon filing for divorce, which was finalized in 2016.
Carey became engaged to Australian billionaire James Packer in 2016.
However, Carey's E!
docuseries, Mariah's World, showed their breakup while she was on the Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour.
In November 2017, Carey was accused of sexual harassment by a former security official, Michael Anello.
On April 18, 2018, Carey was accused of sexual harassment by a former manager Stella Stolper.
Carey denies the allegations.
Mariah Carey (1990)
Emotions (1991)
Music Box (1993)
Merry Christmas (1994)
Daydream (1995)
Butterfly (1997)
Rainbow (1999)
Glitter (2001)
Charmbracelet (2002)
The Emancipation of Mimi (2005)
E=MC² (2008)
Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel (2009)
Merry Christmas II You (2010)
I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse (2014)
Caution (2018)
Hardy, Phil.
The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music: Fully Revised Third Edition (2001).
UK: Faber and Faber Limited. .
Mulholland, Garry.
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (2003).
UK: Flame Tree Publishing. .
Fred Bronson's Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition ()
Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties ()
Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties ()
Additional information concerning Carey's chart history can be retrieved and verified in Billboard's online archive services and print editions of the magazine.
People from New York
American hip hop singers
Singers from New York
It is similar to the study of women's health, called gynaecology.
Andrology has only been studied since the late 1960s.
The first specialist journal on the subject was the German periodical Andrologie, published from 1969 onwards.
Men are more susceptible to heart disease than women.
They also usually have a slightly shorter natural average life span.
However, men get many conditions, such as osteoporosis, less than women.
International Society of Andrology
The World of Andrology
Medical specialties
Erasmus: Enchiridion militis chritiani ("Handbook of the Christian Soldier").
August 12 – Christian III of Denmark and Norway
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933.
He was a world-famous mining engineer and humanitarian administrator.
As a United States Commerce Secretary in the 1920s under Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted economic modernization.
Soon after he became president, the Great Depression started.
Many people blamed Hoover for not doing enough to help people during that time.
Before the presidency
He was born in West Branch, Iowa.
He is the first president born west of the Mississippi River.
Herbert Hoover was a businessman.
He was the United States Secretary of Commerce.
In 1927, Hoover appeared in the first public demonstration of television broadcast.
Hoover and his wife learned Mandarin Chinese while he worked in China.
They used it in the White House so the White House staff wouldn't understand them.
The federal government received less money in tax revenues because of the bad economy, and the government was spending more money than it was taking in, so Hoover tried to increase the government's revenue to balance the budget.
He signed the Revenue Act of 1932, which was a large tax increase.
He also signed the largest tariff (a tax on goods that are traded between foreign countries and the United States) increase in American history which worsened the Great Depression, even though 1000 economists warned him not to sign that.
Hoover denied giving promised retirement money to poor World War 1 veterans (called the Bonus Army) earlier than what was agreed to, so they went on strike.
Hoover ordered the United States army to force them to leave.
It resulted in a bloody conflict which hurt Hoover's reputation.
Hoover's White House biography
Claus Bernet: Herbert Hoover, in: BBKL, 30, 2009, 644-653: http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/h/hoover_h_c.shtml
1964 deaths
Deaths from gastrointestinal hemorrhage
United States Secretaries of Commerce
Politicians from Iowa
James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831– September 19, 1881) was an American politician.
He was the 20th president of the United States from March to September 1881.
Before he became president, he was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1881.
He was the second president to be assassinated (killed while in office).
Four months into his presidency, on July 2, he was shot by Charles J. Guiteau.
The wound was not immediately fatal, but the infections became worse and he died on September 19, 1881.
For almost half that time he was bedridden as a result of that shot.
Garfield was born in Orange Township, now Moreland Hills, Ohio.
His father died in 1833, when James Abram was 18 months old.
He grew up cared for by his mother and an uncle.
In Orange Township, Garfield attended school, a predecessor of the Orange City Schools.
From 1851 to 1854, he attended the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (later named Hiram College] in Hiram, Ohio.
He then transferred to Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, where he was a brother of Delta Upsilon.
He graduated in 1856 as an outstanding student who enjoyed all subjects except chemistry.
He then taught at the Eclectic Institute.
He was an instructor in classical languages for the 1856-1857 academic year, and was made principal of the Institute from 1857 to 1860.
On November 11, 1858, he married Lucretia Rudolph.
They had seven children (five sons and two daughters): Eliza A. Garfield (1860-63); Harry A. Garfield (1863-1942); James R. Garfield (1865-1950); Mary Garfield (1867-1947); Irvin M. Garfield (1870-1951); Abram Garfield (1872-1958); and Edward Garfield (1874-76).
One son, James Rudolph Garfield, followed him into politics and became Secretary of the Interior under President Theodore Roosevelt.
Garfield could write in Greek with his left hand and Latin with his right hand at the same time.
Garfield decided that the academic life was not for him and studied law privately.
He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1860.
Even before admission to the bar, he entered politics.
He was elected an Ohio state senator in 1859, serving until 1861.
He was a Republican all his political life.
He was a general in the American Civil War, and fought in the Battle of Shiloh and the Chattanooga Campaign.
Garfield became President on March 4, 1881 and was shot in Washington, D.C. on July 2.
Garfield was shot in the back by Charles J. Guiteau at about 9:30 am.
Guiteau helped Garfield's campaign for president, and then asked for a job when he won, but the president told him no.
He was less than four months in term as the 20th President of the United States.
Garfield died eleven weeks later on September 19, 1881, aged 49.
The 31st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives James G. Blaine was at Garfield's side when he was shot down.
At this time, it was not common for the president of the United States to have bodyguards, although Lincoln had protection during the civil war.
Vice President Chester A. Arthur became President when Garfield died.
Guiteau was tried for murder, and many thought he would be found not guilty because he was insane.
He was actually found guilty and hanged for the murder, reading a poem before he walked up the gallows.
It is now believed Garfield was in fact killed because of his doctors, who stuck their fingers inside his wounds while treating him and causing a bad infection.
Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, tried to locate the bullet with a primitive metal detector, but failed because the bed was lined with steel wire (which he did not know).
While Garfield was still alive, news of his condition was broadcasted across the country by telegraph, which was something new.
Garfield's White House biography
1831 births
1881 deaths
United States representatives from Ohio
Robert Reed (October 19, 1932 – May 12, 1992) was an American actor.
He is best known for his role as Mike Brady on The Brady Bunch.
He also played major roles in The Defenders and Rich Man, Poor Man.
He was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards during the 1970s.
Reed was born John Robert Rietz in Highland Park, Illinois.
He also grew up in Muskogee, Oklahoma and Navasota, Texas.
Reed was gay but kept this private.
He died on May 12, 1992, in Pasadena, California.
He was 59 years old.
His death was originally said to have been caused by colon cancer.
It was later revealed to have been hastened by HIV.
Cancer deaths in California
LGBT people from Oklahoma
LGBT people from Texas
People from Highland Park, Illinois
The word dishwasher means either the person who washes (cleans) dishes or a machine that does the same thing.
A person could wash dishes either by hand or by operating a dish washing machine.
John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was the sixth president of the United States.
He was the first president who was a son of a president.
Also, Adams was the first president to be photographed, instead of painted.
Adams was a Federalist and served in the administrations of all the presidents that preceded him.
He was Secretary of State under James Monroe, his predecessor as president.
He began his service when he was just 27 in 1794 when he was named United States Minister to the Netherlands by President Washington.
Adams led the fight against slavery in Congress.
In 1838, at age 71, he spoke for the African slaves of the slave ship Amistad.
He also challenged the constitutionality of the Gag Rule in Congress and saw through its removal in 1844 after an eight-year struggle against it.
He was born in 1767 in Braintree, Massachusetts.
As a child he watched the Battle of Bunker Hill, a fight of the American Revolutionary War, from his family's farm.
When his father, John Adams, traveled to Europe, John Quincy went with him as his secretary.
He became good at speaking other languages.
Aside from English, he was also fluent in Latin and French, and had partial knowledge of Dutch, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish, and Russian.
He went to Harvard College and became a lawyer.
At age 26, he was appointed Minister to the Netherlands and then he went to Berlin.
In 1802, he was elected to the United States Senate.
Six years later, President James Madison appointed him as Minister to Russia.
As Secretary of State when James Monroe was President, Adams organized joint control of Oregon with the United Kingdom and helped get Florida from Spain.
He also helped make the Monroe Doctrine.
Abolitionist
In the 1830s, slavery emerged as an increasingly polarizing issue in the United States.
A longtime opponent of slavery, Adams used his new role in Congress to fight it, and he became the most prominent national leader opposing slavery.
After one of his reelection victories, he said that he must "bring about a day prophesied when slavery and war shall be banished from the face of the earth."
He wrote in his private journal in 1820:The discussion of this Missouri question has betrayed the secret of their souls.
In the abstract they admit that slavery is an evil, they disclaim it, and cast it all upon the shoulder of…Great Britain.
But when probed to the quick upon it, they show at the bottom of their souls pride and vainglory in their condition of masterdom.
They look down upon the simplicity of a Yankee's manners, because he has no habits of overbearing like theirs and cannot treat negroes like dogs.
It is among the evils of slavery that it taints the very sources of moral principle.
It establishes false estimates of virtue and vice: for what can be more false and heartless than this doctrine which makes the first and holiest rights of humanity to depend upon the color of the skin?In 1836, partially in response to Adams's consistent presentation of citizen petitions requesting the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, the House of Representatives imposed a "gag rule" that immediately tabled any petitions about slavery.
The rule was favored by Democrats and Southern Whigs but was largely opposed by Northern Whigs like Adams.
In late 1836, Adams began a campaign to ridicule slave owners and the gag rule.
He frequently attempted to present anti-slavery petitions, often in ways that provoked strong reactions from Southern representatives.
Though the gag rule remained in place, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery.
Adams fought actively against the gag rule for another seven years, eventually moving the resolution that led to its repeal in 1844.
In 1841, at the request of Lewis Tappan and Ellis Gray Loring, Adams joined the case of United States v. The Amistad.
Adams went before the Supreme Court on behalf of African slaves who had revolted and seized the Spanish ship Amistad.
Adams appeared on February 24, 1841, and spoke for four hours.
His argument succeeded; the Court ruled in favor of the Africans, who were declared free and returned to their homes.
Adams was elected president by the United States House of Representatives after the 1824 United States presidential election gave nobody a majority of electoral votes.
People who wanted Andrew Jackson to win said there was a deal between Adams and Speaker of the House Henry Clay; Adams had made Clay his Secretary of State.
Adams passed law for U.S. improvements as part of what he called the "American System."
This means he created roads, canals, and used high tariffs, or taxes on imports.
Among his proposals were the creation of a national university, a naval academy, and a national astronomical observatory.
Adams fought Congress many times as many supporters of Andrew Jackson did not like his support of a national bank and tariffs.
Adams lost the 1828 election to Jackson.
The election was noted for the personal attacks made by the candidates against each other.
Adams returned to Massachusetts for a short time after he was lost.
He returned to Washington D.C. in 1831 after being elected to the United States House of Representatives.
He was a leading opponent of slavery.
He remained in Congress until the day of his death on February 23, 1848.
On February 21, 1848, Adams suffered a stroke in the House chamber.
He collapsed and died in the House two days later on February 23, 1848.
He was eighty years old.
It was the 7th (and arguably the most significant) death of a US president.
Deans of the United States House of Representatives
National Republican party (US) politicians
Whig party (US) politicians
Peter Henry Fonda (February 23, 1940 – August 16, 2019) was an American actor.
He and Dennis Hopper starred in the motorcycle movies, The Wild Angels and Easy Rider.
He appeared in many other movies, including Ulee's Gold, in which he was nominated for an Academy Award, Thomas and the Magic Railroad and The Passion of Ayn Rand.
Fonda wrote an autobiography, Don't Tell Dad: A Memoir, which was published in 1998.
He had a home in Paradise Valley, Montana in 1975.
Fonda died of respiratory failure and lung cancer on August 16, 2019.
Official Website: www.peterfonda.com
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Writers from Nebraska
Dennis Lee Hopper (May 17, 1936 – May 29, 2010) was an American television, movie, stage, and voice actor, artist, photographer, writer, movie director, and an art collector.
He has appeared in many movies and television shows, since the 1950s.
Hopper was born on May 17, 1936 in Dodge City, Kansas.
He spent his life in Kansas City, Missouri and in San Diego, California.
Hopper studied to be an actor at Helix High School and at the Actors' Studio.
Hopper has two brothers.
Hopper is probably best known for directing, co-writing, and starring in the Oscar-nominated movie Easy Rider (1969).
In 1994, Hopper had a role in the thriller movie Speed.
Hopper was married to Brooke Hayward from 1961 until they divorced in 1969.
Hopper was then married to Michelle Phillips from 1970 until they divorced weeks later.
He was married to Daria Halprin from 1972 until they divorced.
He was later married to Katherine LaNasa from 1989 until they divorced in 1992.
Hopper was married to Victoria Duffy from 1998 until they divorced in 2010, months before his death.
Hopper had 3 daughters and a son.
On October 29, 2009, his manager announced that Hopper had prostate cancer.
He was terminally ill.
He died of the disease on May 29, 2010 in Venice, California.
He was 74.
He was buried at Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico.
Alpha and Omega was his last movie and was dedicated to his memory.
Actors from Kansas
American photographers
American sculptors
People from Dodge City, Kansas
Writers from Kansas
Writers from Missouri
Todd Harry Rundgren (born June 22, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer.
Two of his best-known songs are "I Saw The Light" and "Hello It's Me".
Both were on his 1971 album Something/Anything?.
Most of the songs on that album were performed by Rundgren alone, using multitrack recorders and playing many musical instruments.
Apple Records hired Rundgren to produce an album, Straight Up, for the band Badfinger during 1971.
Badfinger had not heard of Rundgren and did not know his music, until they bought copies of some of his records.
They liked what they heard, and when Rundgren met the band, they got along well, and worked well together.
1066 was a year which brought great changes in England.
The land had four kings during the year.
The year started under Anglo-Saxon rule, and ended under Norman rule.
This was the only occasion since Roman Britain when the entire country was successfully invaded.
6 January – Harold II crowned King of England
25 September – Harold II defeats Tostig and Harald Hardraada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
Tostig and Harald Hardraada are killed
14 October – At the Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy) defeats Harold.
Harold is killed.
In England, this heralds the start of the Middle Ages.
The Viking port of Hedeby, a town on the Baltic Sea, is destroyed by Slavs.
4 or 5 January – King Edward the Confessor of England dies
25 September – killed at the Battle of Stamford Bridge:
King Harald III of Norway (b. 1015)
14 October – killed at the Battle of Hastings:
King Harold II of England
Leofwine Godwinson, brother of King Harold II
Gyrth Godwinson, brother of King Harold II
John Scotus (bishop of Mecklenburg (Johannes Skotus) (born around 990)
10 November – Sacrificed to Radegast:
July 8 – Vasco da Gama leaves Lisbon, Portugal for is first trip through the Cape of Good Hope to India.
Spanish Empire: Melilla is captured by Castile.
Girolamo Savonarola, priest and leader of Florence, Italy burns what he believes is immoral art in Piazza della Signoria.
Savonarola is excommunicated and burned alive in that same location later in the same year.
February 6 – Johannes Ockeghem, Belgian composer (b. 1410)
January 15 – Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey.
March 23 – Emperor Gelawdewos of Ethiopia, defending his lands against the invasion of Nur ibn Mujahid, Sultan of Harar, is killed in battle.
His brother Menas succeeds him as king.
April 3 – Peace of Cateau Cambrésis – France makes peace with England and Spain.
France gives up most of its gains in Italy (including Savoy), keeping only Saluzzo, but keeps the three Lorraine bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, and the formerly English town of Calais.
July 10 – Francis II becomes King of France following the death of his father, Henry II in a jousting accident.
End of the Italian Wars.
The Decameron expurgated.
A royal edict in France makes heresy punishable by death.
Elizabeth I establishes the Church of England, with the Act of Uniformity 1559 and the Act of Supremacy 1559.
January 16 – English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
April 4 – After going around the world Sir Francis Drake is knighted by Elizabeth I.
July 26 – The Northern Netherlands becomes free from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration.
January 4 – James Ussher, Anglo-Irish priest and scholar
February 17 – Fausto Poli, Italian Catholic priest
March 16 – Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Dutch historian
October 9 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician
October 21 – Domenico Zampieri, Italian painter
April 25 – Okabe Motonobu, Japanese warrior
May 31 – Jan Kostka, Polish noble
June 2 – James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, regent of Scotland
July 11 – Peder Skram, Danish senator and naval officer
July 22 – Richard Cox, English bishop
August 21 – Sakuma Nobumori, Japanese retainer and samurai
September 1 – Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru
September 30 – Hubert Languet, French diplomat and reformer
October 9 – Saint Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary to Latin-America, patron saint of Colombia
October 23 – Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer
November 7 – Richard Davies, Welsh bishop and scholar
February 2 – Battle of Diu took place near Diu, India.
April 22 – Henry VIII becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry VII.
April 27 – Pope Julius II places Venice under interdict and excommunication for refusing to cede part of Romagna under Papal control
May 14 – Battle of Agnadello – French forces defeat the Venetians.
June 11 – Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon
June 24 – King Henry VIII of England's and Queen consort's Catherine of Aragon coronation ceremony.
April 17 – Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings.
May 17 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
August 13 – The ruler of the Aztec Empire surrenders to Spanish conquistadors.
This ends the Aztec Empire.
August 29 – The Ottoman Turks capture Nándorfehérvár, now known as Belgrade
July – Juan Ponce Enrile (b. 1460)
August 4 – Pope Urban VII (d. 1590)
April 21 – Ferdinand Magellan (b. 1480)
al-Qaeda (, al-qāʿidah, "the base"), is an armed Islamic group that was started between August 1988 and late 1989.p75 It works as a network, as a stateless army, and a radical Sunni Muslim movement calling for global Jihad.
Most of the world thinks it is a Takfiri and a terrorist organization.
Members of al-Qaeda have performed many acts of terrorism.
Most of these have been done against the United States and Shias.
Some of its most well-known attacks have been the September 11 attacks, the bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998, and the attack on the U.S. Navy ship USS Cole in 2000.
al-Qaeda has done suicide attacks and simultaneous (at the same time) bombings of different targets.
Among al-Qaeda's goals is for other countries to stop influencing Muslim countries and for a new Islamic caliphate to be made.
There have been reports that al-Qaeda believes that Christian and Jewish Islamophobia is trying to destroy Islam and that the killing of bystanders and civilians is religiously justified in jihad.
There have been guesses that there are 500–1,000 operatives in Afghanistan and around 5,000 worldwide.
However, there is no confirmation of this.
"...the members of Islamic Jihad and its guiding figure Ayman al-Zawahiri have provided the backbone of [al-Quaeda's] leadership.
According to officials in the C.I.A. and the F.B.I., Zawahiri has been responsible for much of the planning of the terrorist operations against the United States".
Death of Osama Bin Laden Laden and current leadership
Death of Abu Yahya al-Libi
Senior al-Qaeda leader Abu Yahya al-Libi was killed in a drone strike on June 4, 2012.
He ranked second to Ayman al-Zawahiri at the time.
The strike was carried out in the northwest tribal area of Waziristan.
The Pakistan Government has protested to the U.S. about the strike.
Council on Foreign Relations al-Qaeda
1980s establishments
Rebel militia groups
Sunni organizations
Founded Red Cross.
January 17 – David Lloyd George, British politician; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1945)
April 5 – Victoria of the United Kingdom, British royal (died 1950)
June 19 – John Goodall, English footballer (died 1942)
July 30 – Henry Ford, American businessman; founder of Ford Motor Company (died 1947)
October 15 – Little Nemo in Slumberland debuts in American newspapers.
A Little Princess is published
January 22 – "Bloody Sunday" in St. Petersburg (Russia).
First Russian Revolution has started.
April 1 – SOS, the Morse code signal for distress, is created by Germany.
June 7 – Norway becomes an independent country.
October 28 – Cardiff, Wales becomes a city in the United Kingdom.
Albert Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity.
A workers' revolt, supported by the crew of the Russian battleship Potemkin, takes place in Odessa, Russia.
January 2 – Michael Tippett, English composer (d. 1998)
February 2 – Ayn Rand, American writer (d. 1982)
March 9 – Rex Warner, English writer (d. 1986)
May 16 – Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)
June 21 – Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher (d. 1980)
July 29 – Clara Bow, American actress (d. 1965)
July 29 – Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish United Nations Secretary-General (d. 1961)
August 24 – Arthur Crudup, American blues musician (d. 1976)
August 25 – Faustyna Kowalska, Polish nun and mystic (d. 1938)
September 18 – Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)
December 5 – John Whedon, American screenwriter (d. 1991)
December 11 – Erskine Hamilton Childers, 4th President of Ireland (d. 1974)
December 21 – Anthony Powell, English writer (d. 2000)
December 22 – Kenneth Rexroth, American poet (d. 1982)
March 24 – Jules Verne, French writer (b. 1828)
Last year of Tsar Nicolas II of Russia's reign.
Russian Revolutions (Russia goes communist)
The United States declares war on Germany (for World War I)
Influenza pandemic
January 5 - Jane Wyman, American actress (d. 2007)
January 12 - Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Indian spiritual leader (d. 2008)
January 24 - Ernest Borgnine, American actor (d. 2012)
January 25 - Ilya Prigogine, Belgian chemist (d. 2003)
February 4 – Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan, Last President of United Pakistan (d. 1980)
February 6 – Zsa Zsa Gabor, Hungarian American actress
February 14 - Herbert Hauptman, American mathematician and Nobel laureate in Chemistry (d. 2011)
March 20 - Vera Lynn, British singer
March 27 - Cyrus Vance, United States Secretary of State (d. 2002)
April 6 - Leonora Carrington, British-Mexican painter (d. 2011)
April 17 - Bill Clements, Governor of Texas (d. 2011)
April 22 - Sidney Nolan, Australian painter (d. 1992)
April 25 - Ella Fitzgerald, American singer (d. 1996)
April 26 - I. M. Pei, Chinese-American architect
April 26 - Virgil Trucks, American baseball player
April 29 - Celeste Holm, American actress (d. 2012)
May 29 – John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (d. 1963)
June 3 – Leo Gorcey, American actor (d. 1969)
June 6 - Kirk Kerkorian, American businessman
June 9 - Eric Hobsbawm, British historian (d. 2012)
June 30 - Lena Horne, American singer (d. 2010)
July 14 - Arthur Laurents, American playwright (d. 2011)
July 17 - Phyllis Diller, American actress and comedienne (d. 2012)
August 6 - Robert Mitchum, American actor (d. 1997)
August 30 - Denis Healey, British politician
September 11 - Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (d. 2012)
September 11 - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (d. 1989)
September 14 - Ettore Sottsass, Italian architect and designer (d. 2007)
October 2 - Christian de Duve, biochemist
October 20 - Stephane Hessel, French politician (d. 2013)
October 21 - Dizzy Gillespie, American musician (d. 1993)
October 22 - Joan Fontaine, American actress
November 2 - Ann Rutherford, American actress (d. 2012)
November 7 - Helen Suzman, South African political activist (d. 2009)
November 19 - Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1984)
November 20 - Robert Byrd, American politician (d. 2010)
November 22 - Andrew Huxley, British scientist (d. 2012)
December 16 - Arthur C. Clarke, British writer (d. 2008)
December 28 - Ellis Clarke, 1st President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2010)
January 2 – Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (b. 1832)
January 10 – William F. Cody (Buffalo Bill), American frontiersman (b. 1846)
January 16 – George Dewey, U.S. admiral (b. 1837)
February 5 – Jaber II Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1860)
February 10 – John William Waterhouse, Italian-born artist (b. 1849)
March 8 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German inventor (b. 1838)
March 17 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (b. 1838)
March 31 – Emil von Behring, German winner of the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
April 1 – Scott Joplin, American musician and composer (b. 1868)
April 14 – L. L. Zamenhof, Polish creator of Esperanto (b. 1859)
May 17 – Charles Anthoni Johnson Brooke, ruler of Sarawak (b. 1829)
May 20 – Philipp von Ferrary, Italian stamp collector (b. 1850)
June 30 – Antonio de La Gandara, French painter (b. 1861)
July 27 – Emil Kocher, Swiss medical researcher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1841)
August 13 – Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860)
August 20 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835)
August 30 – Alan Leo, British astrologer (b. 1860)
September 27 – Edgar Degas, French painter (b. 1834)
October 13 – Florence La Badie, Canadian actress (b. 1888)
October 15 – Mata Hari, Dutch dancer and spy (executed) (b. 1876)
October 23 – Eugène Grasset, Swiss artist (b. 1845)
October 28 – Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1831)
November 8 – Colin Blythe, English cricketer (b. 1879)
November 11 – Queen Liliuokalani of Hawai'i (b. 1838)
November 17 – Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (b. 1840)
December 8 – Mendele Moykher Sforim, Russian Yiddish and Hebrew writer (b. 1836)
December 10 – Mackenzie Bowell, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1824)
The Birth of a Nation is released.
April 15 – Armenian Genocide
February 1 – Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
April 21 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican-American actor, painter and writer (d. 2001)
April 27 – Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet (d. 1984)
May 6 – Orson Welles, American movie director, screenwriter and actor (d. 1985)
June 4 - Walter Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2006)
June 28 – David Honeyboy Edwards, American blues guitarist and singer
July 28 - Frankie Yankovic, American polka musician (d. 1998)
August 29 – Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
September 6 – Franz Josef Strauß, German politician (d. 1988)
October 7 – Charles Templeton, Canadian cartoonist and television evangelist (d. 2001)
October 24 – Bob Kane, American cartoonist (d. 1998)
November 25 – Augusto Pinochet, Chilean ruler (d. 2006)
December 12 – Frank Sinatra, American singer and actor (d. 1998)
December 19 – Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
April 27 – Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872)
November 14 – Booker T. Washington, American inventor, educator, and writer (b. 1856)
It is on the north-eastern coast of Estonia and borders the Gulf of Finland.
The city is next to many lakes.
The largest of these lakes is called Lake Ülemiste, and most Tallinnites get their drinking water from this lake.
Tallinn first appeared on a map in 1154, when the cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi, calling the city Qlwn, added it to his map of the world.
After being conquered by the Danes, the city was known as Reval until Estonia became an independent nation in the 1920s.
In 1285, the city became a part of the Hanseatic League.
As a result, in the Middle Ages Tallinn was an important stop on the trade routes between Europe and Russia.
During its history Estonia has been ruled at times by Sweden and by Russia.
It became independent in 1918 after World War I, but after World War II it was ruled by the USSR.
In March 1944 Tallinn was bombed by Soviet Air Force, killing 436 civilians and totally destroying 5073 buildings.
Since 1991, Tallinn has been the capital of an independent Estonia.
Today more than 400,000 people live in Tallinn, which is one third of the population of Estonia.
It is a big sea port.
Its food and textile industries are important.
The town has many pretty, old buildings.
World Heritage Sites in Europe
Lombardy (/ˈlɒmbərdi, ˈlʌm-/ LOM-bər-dee, LUM-; Italian: Lombardia [lombarˈdiːa]; Lombard: Lombardia, Western Lombard: [lũbɐ̞rˈdiːɑ], Eastern Lombard: [lombɐ̞rˈdiːɑ, -ˈdeːɑ]) is a region in the northern part of Italy.
It is the most populated region of the country, and has almost 9.4 million people.
The capital is Milan.
Lombardy has provinces within it.
To the north of Lombardy is the country of Switzerland (Canton Ticino e Grigioni).
To the west is the region of Piedmont.
To the east are the regions of Veneto and Trentino - Alto Adige.
To the south is the region of Emilia-Romagna.
In the Italian language, Lombardy is called Lombardia.
This name comes from an old German word: Langbardland and means "country of the Lombards".
In the south of the region flows the Po river, which is the longest river in Italy.
The most important rivers are the Adda river, the Mincio and the Ticino river, all of them end in the Po river.