the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
These units were the first express 25 kV alternating current (AC) units to be built by British Rail, and British Rail's first EMUs to be capable of 100 mph.
The British Rail (BR) Class 308 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BR at York, in three batches, from 1961–62.
They were initially classified as AM8 units before the introduction of TOPS.
The British Rail (BR) Class 310 is a slam-door, alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) introduced in 1966 as part of the West Coast Main Line electrification project.
They were initially classified as Class AM10 units before the introduction on the TOPS classification system.
Constructed at BR's Derby Carriage and Wagon Works.
They consisted of four carriages - a second class driving trailer, a second class trailer, a second class motor car (with guard's/luggage compartment above which the pantograph was mounted) and a composite (1st and 2nd class) driving trailer.
The maximum speed was 75 miles per hour.
A glass partition behind the driver's cab enabled passengers in the leading and rear coaches to have an excellent view of the line ahead or behind.
The British Rail Class 311 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by Cravens at Sheffield in 1967.
They were intended for use on the line from Glasgow Central to Gourock and Wemyss Bay, which was electrified in 1967.
The British Rail Class 312 is a type of alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) built in 1966-1974 intended for use on outer-suburban passenger services.
It was the last class of multiple unit to be constructed to the British Rail Mark 2 bodyshell, and also the last with slam doors.
This latter feature contributed to their relatively early withdrawal (between 25–28 years old, compared to a life expectancy of 30 years).
Ironically, the examples withdrawn by First Great Eastern and later 'one' Great Eastern between 2003 and 2004 were slightly newer than most of the carriages the operator is introducing during 2005 for use on its premier express service.
British Rail Class 314 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL at York works from 1978 to 1979.
They were the second variety of British Rail's then-standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, which eventually encompassed 755 vehicles and five Classes (Class 313/314/315/507/508).
Able to operate from 25 kV overhead line current collection only, the fleet worked outer-suburban services on the Strathclyde Passenger Transport rail network in Central Scotland.
British Rail Class 315 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL at York works from 1980 to 1981.
They were the fifth and final variety of British Rail's then-standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, which eventually encompassed 755 vehicles and five Classes (Class 313/314/315/507/508).
Like the Glasgow-based Class 314 units, they are only able to operate from 25 kV overhead line current collection.
The fleet works inner-suburban services on the Great Eastern Main Line run by the train operating company TfL Rail out of London Liverpool Street.
Class 315s also work services from Liverpool Street to Chingford, Enfield Town and Cheshunt operated by London Overground.
Class 316 and Class 457 were two suggested TOPS classifications.
They were given to a single electric multiple unit (EMU) at different stages of its use as a prototype for the Networker series.
The British Rail Class 317 electric multiple units were built by BREL at York Works in two batches, from 1981-82 and 1985-87.
They were the first of several classes of British Rail EMU to be based on the all-steel Mark 3 bodyshell, departing from the "PEP"-aluminium design which had spawned the earlier Class 313 to Class 315.
The Mark 3 bodyshell was also the basis of Class 318, Class 455, and the diesel "sprinters" pioneered by the Class 150.
In Egyptian mythology, Nehebkau (also spelled Nehebu-Kau, and Neheb Ka) guarded the entrance to Duat, the Egyptian underworld.
He was made up of Ka and Ba, the two parts of the soul.
He is pictured as a snake with two heads.
Atum was said to have to keep his finger on Nehebkau to keep him from being out of control.
Since he was a snake, he was believed to heal those bitten by snakes and/or scorpions.
The British Rail Class 318 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train, which operates exclusively in the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport network in West Central Scotland.
The units were introduced fully on 29 September 1986 as part of the electrification of the Ayrshire Coast Line between Glasgow Central and Ayr/Ardrossan with alternating current (AC) overhead lines.
Usage was extended to Largs in January 1987.
They were also used on the Inverclyde Line in small numbers and on rare occasions the Cathcart Circle Lines (including to Neilston and Newton).
Ka is one of the five parts of the Egyptian idea of the soul.
The Ka was the life force and left the body during death.
Ka was believed to be in food and drink and was placed with the dead for offerings.
The Egyptians believed that at death the Ba and the Ka join together through Nehebkau before entering Duat.
it:Anima (religione dell'antico Egitto)#Ka
The British Rail Class 319 dual-voltage electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL York in two batches from 1987–88 and 1990.
The trains were introduced for new north-south cross-London services from Bedford to Brighton, and since privatisation these services have been operated by Thameslink and First Capital Connect, the former franchise having been merged with the Great Northern section of the former WAGN franchise to form the latter train operating company at 0200 BST on 1 April 2006 as a result of re-franchising.
Class 319 units have dual power pick-up, from either 25 kV alternating current (AC) overhead lines for services north of London, or 750 V direct current (DC) third rail to the south.
However, some units were only used on outer suburban services in South London.
The Class 325 postal units were based on the Class 319 units, with the same traction equipment and body design, but are fitted with cabs of the same design as the newer Class 365 and Class 465
Networker units.
Since delivery of new rolling stock for Thameslink services started in 2015, a number of Class 319 units have been redeployed for use on other operators' services, including in the North West of England.
In 2017, the last Thameslink units were withdrawn and were replaced by Class 700s.
2010 Service
What with the introduction of the class 380 dsiros for the Inverclyde line, the class 334s will be put to service on the Airdrie to Bathgate route, the class 320s will be split between the cathcart circle lines and the Argyll line, 14 of the 1990 built EMUs will be put to work on the Glasgow - Newton, Neilston and Cathcart Circle lines, while the remaining units shall work alongside the class 318s on the North Clyde/Argyll lines.
This can not happen without, the class 320s bogies being upgraded, currently, they have a 75 mph top speed, in November 2010 the class will be driven under their own power to WABTEC Doncaster by GBRF drivers where they will be given a full refurbishment scheme which shall include new seats, toilets fitted, painting into the new scotrail saltire livery and their top speed raised to 90 mph.
Ba is one of the five parts of the spirit in Egyptian mythology.
Ba is considered to be the soul.
Ba is believed to have a unique personality based on the person who has it.
The Ba was pictured as a bird that flew from the body to join with the Ka at death.
A Ba was said to return to the sarcophagus if it was properly stored.
In some stories, Bas sometimes act as guardians in the underworld.
lt:Siela egiptiečių mitologijoje#Ba
fi:Egyptiläinen sielu#Ba
The British Rail Class 321 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL York in three batches from 1986–1989.
The design was very successful and led to the development of the similar Class 320 and Class 322 units for use by Strathclyde PTE and Stansted Express (now used by  Greater Anglia) respectively.
The bodyshell design was also used for construction of the Class 456 direct current (DC) units.
The Class 321s were nicknamed 'Dusty Bins', due to the class number sharing the same name as the game show 3-2-1. (
This name has also been given to the diesel multiple unit (DMU) Class 153 no.
153321 for the same reason).
Past operations
Class 321s were originally built for the Bedford services.
However, in 1990, they started being used on Great Eastern Main Line services to Southend Victoria, Braintree and Clacton, to replace the class 302 and 305 EMUs, many of which were approaching 50 years old.
Some 321s (many of the 3214s) were sent to work inter-regional services for Silverlink, and then briefly for London Midland, primarily on Euston to Northampton/Milton Keynes/Tring services.
High-speed rail is a type of passenger rail transport that operates significantly faster than the normal rail traffic.
Early Shinkansen trains had a top speed of , which is the world's first high-speed rail.
Various definitions are used in different countries.
According to the European Union, high-speed trains must run at least  on existing lines, and at least  on newly built ones.
According to the United States Federal Railroad Administration, they should go above  but there is no single standard, and lower speeds can be required by local constraints.
As of 2020, speeds of  to  are common in regular operation.
The InterCity 125 is the brand name of British Rail's High Speed Train (HST) fleet.
The InterCity 125 train is made up of two locomotives, one at each end of a fixed formation of carriages, and is capable of 125 mph in regular service.
British Rail initially used the fleet on the Great Western Main Line, on the East Coast Main Line, on the Cross Country Route and latterly on the Midland Main Line, serving destinations such as London, Bristol, Edinburgh, as far south as Penzance and as far north as Aberdeen and Inverness.
The InterCity 125 took the world record for the fastest diesel-powered train, when it was recorded at an absolute maximum speed of  during 1987.
From 2017, most have been replaced by the British Rail Class 800.
British Rail diesel locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
British Rail diesel multiple units
United Kingdom rolling stock
Ib - Heart
The Egyptians believed the heart held the emotions and thoughts.
Believed to be weighed on the scales of Anubis by the feather of Maat.
The Ib decided what your fate would be after death.
Sheut - Shadow
Believed to be the shadow of the person.
The Sheut was the essence of the person and the person could not exist with them nor could a person exist without their shadow.
Ren - Name
Given at birth.
A person was believed to live as long as their name lasted.
Egyptians often went to great lengths to keep their names talked about and had them carved into monuments and surrounded by cartouche (magical rope).
Ba - Personality and Spirit
Ba is considered the spirit.
The Ba was shown as a bird that flew from the body to unite with the Ka at death.
Ka - Life Force
One of the five parts of the Egyptian idea of the soul.
The Ka was thought of as the life force and left the body during death.
Egyptian Mythology believes that at death the Ba and the Ka unite through Nehebkau before entering Duat.
Purple Mountain Observatory is an observatory that uses telescopes to look at the stars for new objects in space.
It can be found on Purple Mountain in Nanjing, China.
Many asteroids were found at the observatory.
Among the asteroids found are the Trojan asteroids 2223 Sarpedon, 2260 Neoptolemus, 2363 Cebriones, 2456 Palamedes, and 3494 Purple Mountain.
The 1970s proved to be a pivotal period for the anti-nuclear movement in California.
There was confrontation between nuclear power advocates and environmentalists.
In 1981, 1,900 activists were arrested during protests at Diablo Canyon Power Plant.
In 1984, the Davis City Council declared the city to be a nuclear free zone.
Early conflicts
The start of the anti-nuclear movement in California was the controversy over Pacific Gas & Electric's attempt to build the nation's first nuclear power plant in Bodega Bay.
This conflict began in 1958 and ended in 1964, with the forced abandonment of these plans.
Subsequent plans to build a nuclear power plant in Malibu were also abandoned.
Into the seventies
The anti-nuclear movement grew in California between 1964 and 1974.
It was during this period that some scientists and engineers began supporting the positions of the activists.
They were influenced by the non-material philosophy that had inspired activists and had impacted the public consciousness.
While Californian voters failed to pass a 1972 proposal placing a 5-year moratorium on nuclear plant construction, anti-nuclear groups campaigned to stop construction of several proposed plants in the seventies, especially those located on the coast and near fault lines.
These proposals included the Sundesert Nuclear Power Plant, which was never built.
Over a two-week period in 1981, 1,900 activists were arrested at Diablo Canyon Power Plant.
It was the largest arrest in the history of the U.S. anti-nuclear movement.
In this period there were controversies within the Sierra Club about how to lead the anti-nuclear movement, and this led to a split over the Diablo Canyon plant which ended in success for the utilities.
The split led to the formation of Friends of the Earth, led by David Brower.
In 1979, Abalone Alliance members held a 38-day sit-in in the Californian Governor Jerry Brown's office to protest continued operation of Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station, which was a duplicate of the Three Mile Island facility.
In 1989, Sacremento voters voted to shut down the Rancho Seco power plant.
Nuclear-free communities
On November 14th 1984 the Davis, California City Council declared the city to be a nuclear free zone.
Another well-known nuclear-free community is Berkeley, California, whose citizens passed the Nuclear Free Berkeley Act in 1986 which allows the city to levy fines for nuclear weapons-related activity and to boycott companies involved in the United States nuclear infrastructure.
List of anti-nuclear protests in the United States
Nuclear debate
Nuclear free zone
Ondaatje, Elizabeth H. (c1988).
Trends in antinuclear protests in the United States, 1984-1987.
Wellock, Thomas R. (1998).
Critical Masses: Opposition to Nuclear Power in California, 1958-1978.
Wills, John (2006).
Conservation Fallout: Nuclear Protest at Diablo Canyon.
The Struggle over Nuclear Power
Conservation Fallout: Nuclear Protest at Diablo Canyon
Police arrest 64 at California anti-nuclear protest
The British Rail Class 322 electric multiple units were built by BREL between 1988-90.
Five 4-car units were built for the dedicated Stansted Express service from London Liverpool Street to Stansted Airport.
The units are now operated by Greater Anglia.
The British Rail Class 323 electric multiple units were built by Hunslet TPL from 1992-96.
Forty-three 3-car units were built for inner-suburban services around Birmingham and Manchester.
These trains were the last vehicles to be built by the struggling manufacturer Hunslet before it collapsed.
Wrightwood is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California.
About 3,800 people lived in Wrightwood as of the year 2002.
Wrightwood has an area of 5.7 square miles.
Slash Records is a record label in Los Angeles.
It started out producing local punk rock bands.
The label was sold to London Records in 1986.
The Blasters
The BoDeans
Dream Syndicate
GRADUATION DAY
Green on Red
Gun Club
Gun Bunnies
Imperial Teen
Plugz
Soul Coughing
Steel Pole Bath Tub
The Germs
John Macarthur (1766 – 11 April 1834) was a soldier, business man, politician and the man who started the Australian wool industry.
His farmhouse, called Elizabeth Farm after his wife, is still standing in Parramatta, New South Wales, where it is open to the public as a historic house.
Major-General Lachlan Macquaire CB (31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824)  was a British military officer and the fifth Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821.
Macquarie had a leading role in the social, economic and architectural development of Australia.
Historians say he changed New South Wales from a penal colony to a free settlement.
This was very important in making the future of Australian society.
Macquarie was born on the island of Ulva, in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland.
His father had a small farm at Oskamull on Mull.
Macquarie's brother Donald, died as a prisoner of war during the American Revolution.
Macquarie joined the army, the Royal Highland Emigrants.
He was sent to Nova Scotia in 1776, and later served at New York and Charleston.
In 1781 he became a Lieutenant and went to Jamaica for three years.
He went back to Scotland, for a few years on half pay.
He then joined the 77th Regiment and went to India.
He was ordered to arrest John Macarthur and George Johnston who were the leaders of the Rum Rebellion but they had already sailed to England before he got to Australia.
There was a large increase in the number of convicts sent to Australia while Macquaire was governor.
He used the extra convicts to build roads, building, and towns.
He gave tickets of leave to well behaved convicts.
This caused him problems with the free settlers, people who had not been convicts.
They thought they should have special rights, and that the convicts should not be seen as their equals.
They made many complaints about Macquarie's government back to their friends in England.
Clashes between the settlers and the Aboriginal people increased.
Macquarie believed that the best way to treat Aboriginal people was to civilise them.
That meant replacing their traditional way of life with European ways.
He set up a school for children but most left or went back to their families after a short time.
He tried to make a small town to teach the Aborigines how to farm and build houses.
He made laws to place Aborigines under British control.
Macquarie resigned at the end of 1821 because of poor health and the difficulty of the job.
He served longer than any other governor.
When he left 265 major works had been completed, including new army barracks, three convict barracks, roads to Parramatta, a road across the Blue Mountains, stables, a hospital and five towns along the Hawkesbury River, which were out of reach of floodwaters.
Return to Britain
In 1822 and 1823 Macquarie took his family on a holiday to France, Italy and Switzerland.
In 1824 he went back to live in his house on Mull.
In April 1824 he died in London from a bladder and kidney infection.
His body was sent back to his home for burial.
His grave is now looked after by the National Trust of Australia.
"She Wants You" is a single by English singer and actress Billie Piper.
The single reached #3 in the UK becoming her third top three hit in a row.
(SINDXX6; Released 1998)
"She Wants You" (Album version) – 3:38
"It Takes Two" – 3:50
"Last Christmas" – 4:59
(SINDX6; Released 1998)
"She Wants You" (Erick Morillo Double Platinum Vocal mix) – 6:21
"She Wants You" (Cevin Fisher Instinctive Club mix)
"She Wants You" music video
"Honey to the Bee" is a single by Billie Piper released in 1999.
It got to #3 in the UK singles chart.
In January 2007, the song was used by Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles as part of an experiment to test out the new British singles chart rules that came into effect that month, which prompted the song to rise up the iTunes music charts, and reached number 17 in the singles chart on 21 January 2007 and number 11 in the download chart.
(SINCD8; Released )
"Honey to the Bee" (Radio edit) – 3:59
"Call Me" – 3:58
"What's Missing" – 3:46
(SINDX8; Released )
"Honey to the Bee" (Acoustic version) – 4:24
"Honey to the Bee" (Delakota mix) – 5:00
"Honey to the Bee" music video
The British Rail Class 325 is a dual-voltage alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) train used for postal train services.
Their cabs look similar to the Class 365 and Class 465 Networker units built around the same time.
The Class 325 was British Rail's newest unit to take over parcels working on electrified lines.
Non-passenger multiple units
The British Rail Class 332 (originally Class 331) was  electric multiple unit passenger trains used on the Heathrow Express.
These trains went from London Paddington station to Heathrow Airport.
There were 14 trains which had four or five carriages each.
They were built in 1998 by CAF with traction equipment supplied by Siemens Transportation Systems at a factory in Zaragoza, Spain.
The British Rail Class 333 electric multiple units were built by CAF with traction equipment supplied by Siemens Transportation Systems and are based on the Class 332 trains.
The British Rail Class 334 is a suburban electric multiple unit built by the train maker Alstom in Birmingham.
They are part of the Juniper family of trains along with Classes 458 and 460.
They were built for SPT/Abellio ScotRail outer suburban services in Glasgow, UK.
Their introduction saw the withdrawal of the last of Glasgow's old Class 303 "Blue Train" sets which had been in service since 1960.
Their introduction saw the withdrawal of the last of Glasgow's old Class 303 "Blue Train" trains which had been in service since 1960.
Although delivered to Strathclyde in 1999-2002, they did not enter passenger service until 2001 due to a large number of problems (like other newly delivered Juniper trains) and technical issues which plagued the new units at their introduction.
SPT had ordered 38 Juniper units originally, but two were added to the order as a goodwill gesture, because of these problems.
SPT purchased a total of 40 units, although only paying for 38 of the units (2 were given free, with the reason stated above) which can be seen in use daily across the SPT electric network.
On the first running of the units, 334010 and 334020 ran to Gourock.
Initially the units ran Ayrshire Coast Line and Inverclyde Line services but then become a common sight on the Argyle Line and North Clyde Line.
Relivery and Refurbishment
In September 2008, the Scottish Government's agency Transport Scotland announced that all ScotRail trains (including from the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport) would be eventually repainted in a new, blue livery with white Saltire markings on the carriage ends.
Class 334 re-livery began in November 2010 in preparation for the Airdrie to Bathgate reopening.
On 24 August 2011, ScotRail announced plans to refurbish all the fleet, with the project expected to start in November 2011 and take two years to complete.
334020 was the first to be properly refurbished at Kilmarnock's Brodie Rail Works.
It was there for 3 months from 3 February 2012 to 2 May 2012.
The last unit to receive a full refresh was 334006 which left Brodie Works on 8 November 2014.
From early 2015, an extensive overhaul will be carried out by Alstom to the entire fleet to improve passenger conditions, which will include the retrofitting of full air conditioning, at-seat charging points, provision for wi-fi, and reliability improvements to the doors.
Additionally, a new CCTV system for Driver Only Operation will be installed.
The British Rail Class 350 "Desiro" is class of electrical multiple unit built by Siemens Mobility from 2004- present.
Thirty of these units, known as Class 350/1s, were built for use by Central Trains and Silverlink on regional express services and Central Citylink  services on the southern section of the West Coast Main Line.
A further 37 units known as Class 350/2s were delivered to the UK for London Midland.
The "Desiro" family also includes units of Classes 185, 360, 444 and 450.
This train is nearly identical to the 450, as it was originated from that.
The British Rail Class 357 "Electrostar" alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by ADtranz, Derby (now owned by Bombardier Transportation) from 1999 to 2003 at a cost of approximately £350 million.
The Electrostar family also includes Classes 375, 376, 377 and 378, and is the most numerous type of EMU built in the post-privatisation period of Britain's railways.
These units were built in two batches for LTS Rail, since rebranded as c2c.
The British Rail Class 360 electric multiple units were built by Siemens in two sub-types from 2002–2005.
These units are part of the Desiro family.
The British Rail Class 365 "Networker Express" are dual-voltage (25kV AC and 750V DC) electric multiple units built by ABB at York from 1994-95.
These were the last units to be built at York works before it closed.
All Class 365 units received front end cab modifications to equip them with cab air conditioning.
Their final service was on May 15 2021.
British Rail's Class 370 tilting trains, also referred to as APT-P (meaning Advanced Passenger Train Prototype), were the pre-production Advanced Passenger Train units.
Unlike the earlier experimental gas-turbine APT-E unit, these units were powered by 25kV AC overhead electrification and were used on the West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Glasgow Central.
The APT-P is the most powerful domestic train to have operated in Britain, the eight traction motors fitted to the two central Motor Cars giving a total output of 8,000 hp.
This enabled the train to set the UK rail speed record of 162.2 mph in December 1979, a record that stood for 23 years.
Class 371, Class 381 and Class 471 were proposed electric multiple unit classes from the Networker family intended to operate services in the south-east of England.
The British Rail Class 373 or TGV-TMST train is an electric multiple unit that operates Eurostar's high-speed rail service between Britain, France and Belgium via the Channel Tunnel.
Part of the TGV family, it has a smaller cross-section to fit within the constrictive British loading gauge, was originally able to operate on the UK third rail network, and has a lot of fireproofing in case of fire in the tunnel.
This is both the second-longest——and second-fastest train in regular UK passenger service.
In 2015, the new Eurostar class 374 (e320’s) started being rolled out making the class 373’s going for scrap.
As of 2017, 11 sets remain in service.
In 1997, Great North Eastern Railway (GNER) ordered a few trains for use on the ECML and were retired in 2005.
TGV hired these trains on their lines.
As of 2016, all units remain in storage with no plans to return to service.
These trains also ran on third rail towards London Waterloo.
As of 2017, all but a few TGV TMST’s are in new Eurostar Blue livery.
Further information: TGV accidents
On 5 June 2000, 373101/102 on a Paris to London service derailed on LGV Nord near Arras, France at 180 mph (290 km/h).
14 people were treated for light injuries or shock, with no serious injures or fatalities.
The articulated design was credited with maintaining stability during the incident and the train stayed upright.
After investigation, the incident was blamed on a component of the transmission between the motors and axles coming loose.
To reduce the unsprung mass, TGV trains have the motors attached to the train rather than the bogies.
In order for the train to be able to go around curves a sliding "tripod" assembly is used, which became dislodged.
There have been several minor incidents.
In October 1994, there were teething problems relating to the start of operations.
The first preview train, carrying 400 members of the press and media, was delayed for two hours by technical issues.
On 29 May 2002 a set was accidentally routed towards Victoria instead of London Waterloo, causing it to arrive 25 minutes late.
The signalling error that led to the incorrect routeing was stated to have caused "no risk" as a result.
During the night of 18–19 December 2009, there was heavy snow causing widespread disruption to roads, railways and airports across northern Europe.
Five trains (one of which was 373217 + 373218) broke down inside the Channel Tunnel because snow in the engine compartment was melted by warmer temperatures in the tunnel, the resulting water causing electrical and control system faults.
Eurostar commissioned an independent report to evaluate what went wrong and how future events could be prevented or better managed.
The report's recommendations included:
Increased number of diesel rescue locomotives with exhaust filtration to be on standby at each end of the tunnel.
Major changes to the power cars to prevent snow ingress into electrical compartments.
Better staff training.
Improved communication internally and with other stakeholders (Eurotunnel and emergency services).
Better information provision to passengers.
The majority of the recommendations were implemented by 23 October 2012.
Eurostar 373211/373212 on LGV Interconnexion Est, near Chennevières-lès-Louvres, Val d'Oise, France
All Class 373 sets were built as tri-voltage, able to operate on 25 kV 50 Hz AC (LGVs, Eurotunnel, High Speed 1, UK overhead electrified lines) and 3 kV DC (Belgian classic lines) using pantographs, and 750 V DC (UK third rail network) using third-rail pickup shoes.
The shoes were retracted when switching to overhead power.
After the opening of High Speed 1in 2007, overhead electrification is used throughout and the third rail shoes had been removed.
Five of the SNCF-owned sets are quadri-voltage, able to operate from 1,500 V DC (French lignes classiques) in the south of France, used on London–Avignon and ski services.
A Class 373 passes Herne Hill; from 1994 until 2007, Eurostar ran its services to and from London Waterloo/Waterloo International, using the third rail network in Southern England
The trains are powered by asynchronous traction motors.
There are four powered axles in each power car and two powered axles in the outer bogie of the front passenger coach (a layout used on the original SNCF TGV Sud-Est (PSE) sets) giving 12 powered axles.
Each set draws up to 16MW with 12 MW (16,000 hp) of traction power, but the lowest power-to-weight ratio in the TGV family.
The class uses five different standards of overhead: domestic catenary in each of Belgium, France and the United Kingdom; fixed-height catenary on LGV lines and HS1; and taller catenary in the Channel Tunnel, designed to accommodate double-deck car-carrying trains and roll-on roll-off heavy goods vehicle trains.
The driver must manually lower and then raise the pantograph during the transition between catenary systems.
The British Rail Class 375 Electrostar electric multiple unit train was built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Derby Works, from 1999 to 2005.
The Electrostar family, which also includes Classes 357, 376, 377, 378, 379 and 387, is the most numerous type of EMU introduced since the privatisation of British Rail.
The trains are operated by Southeastern, along with their Class 377 fleet, on regional and outer suburban services.
The Class 376 Suburban Electrostar is a model of electric multiple-unit passenger train manufactured by Bombardier Transportation.
It is part of the Electrostar family, which are the most common EMUs introduced since the privatisation of British Rail.
The units were ordered by Connex South Eastern, introduced by South Eastern Trains, and are now operated by Southeastern.
The Class 377 Electrostars are electric multiple units built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Derby Works, from 2001-2014.
The Electrostar family, which also includes Classes 357, 375, 376, 378, 379 and 387 and is the most numerous type of EMU built in the post-privatisation period of Britain's railways.
The Class 378 Capitalstar is a type of electric multiple unit used on the London Overground network.
The class is derived from the Class 376 trains currently used by Southeastern, and are also part of the Electrostar family, but featuring significant differences.
Primarily,  the Class 378 features fully longitudinal seating similar to that used on London Underground rolling stock, which is necessary for the high passenger volume services run on London Overground.
The units were constructed by Bombardier Transportation, and were delivered in two separate batches.
The Class 378/0s were delivered as 3-car units with dual-voltage capability.
They were extended to 4-car units in 2009–2010.
The Class 378/1s were delivered as 4-car units with third rail capability only.
They are used on the East London Line and were previously used on the Watford DC Lines.
In 2014–16, all units had an extra carriage added to increase capacity, making them 5-car units.
During the change, extended units carried a blue square on the front and back of the train saying "5 Car Train".
These were taken off after all the trains were extended.
Class 380 is the designation given to a class of electric multiple unit train that are used on the national railway network in Scotland, in the United Kingdom.
The British Class 390 "Pendolino" electric multiple unit is a tilting train built by Fiat Ferroviaria using Fiat tilt systems.
Fifty-three 9-car units were built for Virgin Trains from 2001 to 2004.
These trains were the last to be assembled at Alstom's Washwood Heath plant, in Birmingham, before it closed in 2005.
Class 395 is the designation of new dual-voltage EMUs being built to operate new high speed domestic services on the High Speed 1 railway line in the United Kingdom.
The trains will be the fastest operating domestic service trains in Britain, running at a maximum speed of  when they are introduced by operator Southeastern in 2009.
The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs in the British television series Doctor Who.
They are one of the greatest and longest enemies of the Doctor.
Cybermen were originally humanoids from the Earth's twin planet Mondas.
The people of Mondas began to put more and more artificial metal parts into their bodies to keep themselves alive, making them cyborgs.
This led to the race starting to think logically and calculating, showing no emotions.
The Cybermen also turning other people into cyborgs.
They were created by Dr. Kit Pedler (the unofficial scientific advisor to the programme) and Gerry Davis in 1966, first appearing in the serial, The Tenth Planet, which was the last to feature William Hartnell as the First Doctor.
They have since been in the show a lot.
A parallel universe version of the Cybermen appeared in the 2006 series in the two-part story, Rise of the Cybermen and The Age of Steel.
They also appear in Army Of Ghosts and Doomsday.
They also appeared in the spin-off series Torchwood in the episode "Cyberwoman".
They would later return to the new series in the 2008 Christmas Special "The Next Doctor", introducing two new types of cyberman; the Cyber-Shades and the Cyber-King.
While the Doctor's other old enemies the Daleks did not change during the original series's twenty-six season run, the Cybermen were seen to change with almost every appearance.
The Cybermen are humanoid, but have replaced their limbs and other body parts with non-living parts to the point where they don't have many flesh parts.
In their first appearance in the series, the only portions of their bodies that still seemed human were their hands, but by their next appearance in The Moonbase (1967), their bodies were entirely covered up in their metal suits, with their hands replaced by two finger claws, but changed back to regular five finger hands in The Invasion (1968).
As there are not many of them, the Cybermen often convert humans to cybermen.
It is assumed(and often implied) that there are still human parts beneath their suits, meaning they are actually cyborgs, not robots: in The Tenth Planet, a Cyberman tells a group of humans that "our brains are just like yours", although by the time of Attack of the Cybermen, their brains seem to have been replaced with electronics.
In Earthshock (1982), the actors' chins were vaguely visible through a clear perspex area on the helmet to suggest some kind of human face.
In The Tomb of the Cybermen (1967), veins were visible through the circular head of the Cyberman Controller and  in Attack of the Cybermen (1985) and "The Age of Steel" (2006), the Cyber-Controller's brain is visible through the dome.
The first is a Mondas Cyber Controller, while the second is an alternative cyberman.
However, in Revenge of the Cybermen (1975), the Doctor says they are "total machine creatures".
Although the Cybermen often claim that they have done away with human emotion, they have exhibited emotions ranging from anger to smug satisfaction in their confrontations with the Doctor (although this is only clearly present during their appearances in the 1980s).
Some Cybermen in the early stories were even given individual names such as "Krang".
Some parallel Earth Cybermen did retain some memories of their pre-conversion lives, although their emotional response varied
This motive behind the removal of emotions is made more clear in "The Age of Steel" where it is done by putting in things that keep them from feeling emotions.
In that episode, the deactivation of their emotional inhibitors drives the converted Cybermen insane when they realise what they have become, killing them.
This motive may also be applicable to Mondas Cybermen, given their forcible conversion of other lifeforms to Cybermen to maintain their numbers, despite the fact the Mondasians appear to have originally willingly converted themselves as a survival mechanism.
Cybermen have a number of weaknesses over the years.
Their biggest weakness is gold.
It was not  mentioned that they did not like gold until their attempt to destroy the planetoid Voga (the so-called "Planet of Gold") in Revenge of the Cybermen (1975).
Initially, it was explained that, because it is very hard to grind up, gold chokes their respiratory systems.
For example, the  However, in later serials, gold appeared to affect them rather like silver affects werewolves, with gold coins or bullets with gold on the edge fired at them having the same effect.
The revived series' Cybermen have no weakness to gold.
Costume details
Nearly all the cyberman costumes were silver in colour and included items and material such as cloth, rubber diving suits, PVC, chest units, tubing, practice golf balls, cricketers' gloves, and silver-painted Doc Martens boots.
A BBC Cyberman costume from the black & white era of TV has recently been discovered.
The 1980s design used converted flight suits painted silver.
Unlike the Doctor's other enemies, the Cybermen have changed a lot in appearance over the years, looking more and more modern, although retaining certain commonalities of design, the most iconic being the "handle bars" attached to Cybermen heads, that were supposed to aid with their hearing, their round eyeholes and their chest units.
Completely black-coloured Cybermen were seen briefly in Attack of the Cybermen.
The Cybermen returned in episodes 5 and 6 of the 2006 season of the new series, in a two-part story set on an alternate Earth.
The new Cybermen were designed by production designer Edward Thomas's team and Neill Gorton at Millennium FX.
The new Cyberman design is tall, in a style reminiscent of Art Deco, with their Cybus Corporation logo on their chests and made to look like burnished steel instead of silver.
The other big changes in the Cyberman design is that the Cyber-Controller  had glowing eyes, a transparent forehead revealing the brain, and sockets on its chest-plate providing connectors to other systems.
Early Cybermen had an unsettling, sing-song voice, created by changing their voices slightly on syllables which a voice does not normally change.
Their mouths opened fully and did not move when they were talking, then their mouths would shut as soon as they stopped talking.
However they stopped doing this after their first few appearances.
The voices for the 2006 return of the Cybermen were provided by Nicholas Briggs (who performed the voices for the Cybermen in Big Finish audio stories as well as the Daleks in both the new series and the audio stories).
Shown in the season 2 DVD special feature "Confidential Cut Downs," the voice was created by processing Brigg's voice through a voice modulator.
The new Cybermen have a blue light in their "mouths" which blinks in synchronisation with their speech.
Cybermats
The Cybermen also use smaller, cybernetic creatures called "cybermats" to attack.
In their first appearance in The Tomb of the Cybermen, they resembled big metal fish and had segmented bodies with hair sensor probes along the base of their heads, which were topped with eyes.
The Second Doctor described them as a "form of metallic life,".
The second model of cybermat seen in The Wheel in Space was used for sabotage, able to listen to human brainwaves.
They were carried to the "Wheel" in small sacs that sank through the walls of the space station, causing drops in air pressure.
The third model, seen in Revenge of the Cybermen, was a much larger, snake-like cybermat that could be remotely controlled and could inject poison into its victims.
Cybermats appear in Blood of the Cybermen.
They look like flat snakes, and can turn living things into Cyber-Slaves with their poison.
They are remote controlled, and are of the new, 3rd race of cybermen.
They are Cyber Cats and Dogs.
Major appearances
The Moonbase
The Tomb of the Cybermen
Revenge of the Cybermen
Attack of the Cybermen
Silver Nemesis
Rise of the Cybermen / The Age of Steel
Army of Ghosts / Doomsday
The Next Doctor
The Pandorica Opens
Stage plays
Doctor Who - The Ultimate Adventure — Wimbledon Theatre, London (premiere 23 March 1989)
Doctor Who - Tomb Of The Cybermen — Oxford Brookes University, Oxford (premiere 25 June 1998)
The Blue Tooth
Kingdom of Silver & Keepsake
Sword of Orion
The Girl Who Never Was
The Crystal of Cantus
Iceberg by David Banks (Virgin New Adventures)
Killing Ground by Steve Lyons (Virgin Missing Adventures)
Illegal Alien by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry (BBC Past Doctor Adventures)
Made of Steel by Terrance Dicks (Quick Reads Initiative)
On the BBC website, the Cybus Cybermen appear in two online games, Cyber Assault and Save Paris, both depicting the war between the Cybermen and Preachers on the parallel Earth.
The Adventure Games has an episode, Blood of the Cybermen, which feature a 3rd, new race of Cybermen.
he:דוקטור הו - דמויות#סייברמן
Marlborough is a town in Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom.
It is the home of a famous school, Marlborough College.
Other notable schools include St. John's Academy and St. Peter's Primary School.
These birds are common and widespread, and live in or near water.
The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, on all the world's continents except Antarctica and on most of the world's islands and island groups.
These are birds that are adapted for swimming, floating on the water surface, and in some cases diving.
The family has about 146 species in 40 genera.
They are usually herbivorous, and are monogamous breeders.
A number of species do annual migrations.
A few species have been domesticated for agriculture, and many others are hunted for food and recreation.
Five species have become extinct since 1600, and others are close to extinction.
They are the dabbling ducks.
They feed mainly at the surface rather than by diving.
The subfamily contains only the dabbling ducks and one relative, the extinct moa-nalos, land ducks which lived on some Hawaiian islands.
The High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is an audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data.
The main use of an HDMI cable is to connect components such as a DVD player to a High-definition television (HDTV).
HDMI is the uncompressed, all-digital standard used for High-Definition (HD) quality for consumer electronics and PC products using a single cable.
It transmits digital video, multi-channel surround sound, and control data through a single cable.
It replaces up to eleven older cables with a single connection.
It uses the same technology as DVI but is more commonly used, especially for consumer electronics and laptops.
An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a ship made for the bulk transport of oil.
There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker.
Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries.
Product tankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move petrochemicals from refineries to points near consuming markets.
Bill Willis.
Supertankers
Intertanko - the society of International Tanker Operators
The International Maritime Organization  - Tanker Safety (for double-hulls)
- Ship photos of tankers, ULCCs, VLCCs, barges
Strehaia is a town in Mehedinţi County, Oltenia, Romania.
Around 10,506 people lived in Strehaia in 2011.
A heritage railway (United Kingdom), preserved railway (United Kingdom), or tourist railroad (United States and Canada) is a term used for a railway which is run as a tourist attraction, is usually but not always run by volunteers, and seeks to re-create railway scenes of the past.
See List of heritage railways.
Chessel is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
It is found in the district of Aigle.
is the Egyptian idea of the underworld (also called Akert, Amenthes, or Neter-khertet).
To the Egyptians, the underworld was divided into sections filled with dangers that the Egyptian Soul had to pass through.
This is the same realm that Ra was believed to pass into each night and battle Apophis.
The Egyptian Underworld is described in many funerary texts that are found in tombs of mummies, believed to help guide them through death.
Duat is where the famous Weighing of the Heart is displayed.
Where the soul, shown as a heart, is weighed on the scales of Anubis against the feather of Ma'at.
Ammut was believed to eat the souls of the people whose heart did not match the exact weight of Ma'at's feather.
It was thought that the heart itself was then eaten by a lion.
Ammit was the Egyptian idea of the punishment of the soul.
The name means "devourer" or "soul-eater.
"Ammit was usually known as 'The Devourer of the Dead' or the 'Eater of Hearts'.
Ammit was believed to eat any souls found to have sinned.
They would then be digested for eternity in acid.
Or, Ammit who was believed to be the guardian of a lake of fire, would place the soul into the liquid fire for all eternity.
Ammit appears as mix of the crocodile, lion, and hippo.
Rather than being worshipped, Ammit was feared.
She was not viewed as a god, but she was viewed as a good force because she destroyed evil.
Although Ammit is seen as a devouring entity, she is neutral and strictly serves at the whim of the other deities to take souls that have sinned against the gods and send them into oblivion.
She was known as the crocodile goddess also known as Estriedia.
Ammit also intermittently appears as Ammit the Devourer in The Kane Chronicles.
In the trilogy, it was kept at bay with Anubis.
Twin Towns - Sister Cities
The National  Selfgovernance  of The Romanians living in Hungary Center
Bistriţa River (Jiu)
Bistriţa River (Someş)
Bistriţa River (Siret)
Bistriţa River (Olt)
Geneva is a city in and the county seat of Geneva County, Alabama, United States.
It is also the largest city of Geneva County.
Gardendale is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States, and a northern suburb of Birmingham.
Akan is a town in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States.
444 people lived there as of the year 2002.
Town of Akan Official Municipal Website
Alban is a town in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States.
897 people lived there as of the year 2000.
Guntersville is a city in Marshall County, Alabama, United States and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.
At the 2000 census, the population of the city was 7,395.
Guin is a city in Marion County, Alabama, United States.
At the 2000 census the population was 2,389.
On April 3, 1974, Guin was devastated by an F5 tornado during the Super Outbreak, the largest tornado outbreak on record.
The death toll in Guin was 30, which, at the time, was 11% of the population.
Greenville is a city in Butler County, Alabama, United States.
At the 2000 census, the population was 7,228.
The city is the county seat of Butler County.
It is called the Camellia City, the state flower of Alabama.
The city of Greenville has an average high temperature of 77.30 degrees and an average low temperature of 53.80 degrees Fahrenheit.
The city averages 4.80 inches of precipitation per month.
The local government of Greenville is run by the Mayor and City Council.
The city council has five members.
Recreation and culture
The city's residents were on the first episode of the ABC reality/game show series My Kind of Town, on Sunday, August 14, 2005.