the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Later, other patients with similar damage and amnesia (caused by accident or disease) have also been studied.
Thousands of experiments have studied the physiology of changes in synaptic connections in the hippocampus after activity.
The hippocampi do play an important role in memory.
However, the precise nature of this role remains unclear.
Hippocampus and orientation
Neurons in the rat hippocampus show activity related to the rat's position in its environment.
As with the memory theory, there is now almost universal agreement that spatial coding plays an important role in hippocampal function, but the details are widely debated.
Studies conducted on freely moving rats and mice have shown that many hippocampal neurons have "place fields", that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when a rat passes through a particular part of the environment.
In humans, cells with location-specific firing patterns have been reported in a study.
Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy had diagnostic electrodes put in their hippocampus.
Then a computer was used to move them around in a virtual reality town.
The discovery of place cells in the 1970s led to a theory that the hippocampus might act as a cognitive map a neural representation of the layout of the environment.
The "cognitive map hypothesis" has been further advanced by recent discoveries of direction cells in several parts of the rodent brain which are strongly connected to the hippocampus.
The hippocampus has a generally similar appearance across the mammals from monotremes such as the echidna to primates such as humans.
The hippocampal size to body-size ratio increases: it is about twice as large for primates as for the echidna.
It does not, however, increase at anywhere close to the rate of the neocortex to body-size ratio.
Therefore, the hippocampus takes up a larger fraction of the cortex in rodents than in primates.
Other vertebrates have areas which may be homologous to the hippocampus of mammals.
Some insects, and cephalopods such as the octopus, have strong spatial learning and navigation abilities.
These appear to work differently from the mammalian spatial system, and have evolved independently of the mammalian system.
Superparamagnetism is a form of magnetism.
A superparamagnetic material has many small clusters of magnetic things in its structure, but they are not all pointed the same way, so the material is not magnetic by itself.
If a magnetic field is applied to the material, then the clusters change direction to match the magnetic field and the material becomes magnetic.
Superparamagnetism is like paramagnetism, except it can happen at near room temperature.
It happens when materials are made up of very small parts (1-10 nm).
Safety is a feeling that no bad things will happen.
Security avoids things to happen that you don't want to.
The police keep public safety, which stops crimes happen.
Safety hats protect the head from injury.
Houses provide safety from the weather.
Safety measures are activities and precautions taken to improve safety.
Here are list of common safety measures include:
Chemical analysis
Geological surveys to determine whether land or water sources are polluted, how firm the ground is at a potential building site, etc.
Destructive testing of samples
Road safety measures
Heidi is a book written by Johanna Spyri, published between 1880 and 1881.
It is about a young orphan girl who grows up in the Swiss Alps (mountains in Switzerland) with her grandfather.
When her guardians die, Heidi must live in the mountains with her grandfather, Alm-Uncle, who does not like people.
He slowly changes and becomes more caring because of Heidi.
Then, Heidi must move to Frankfurt, Germany to be the friend of Clara, a girl who is sick and cannot walk.
Clara’s grandmother encourages Heidi to learn to read, and she also learns about God.
She becomes very homesick, and a kind doctor says that she must return home to her grandfather.
Later, Clara visits Heidi in the Alps and becomes strong enough to walk.
Johanna Spyri wrote this story for her son, Berhard Diethelm Spyri.
People and places in the story come from Spyry's own life.
Catherine Eayrs, a literary critic, thinks that the village of Dorfli may come from Jenins in Switzerland, a place that Spyri visited as a child, however Dorfli is an actual town in Switzerland.
Also, the kindly doctor is similar to Spyri's own father, and Klara's grandmother is a good storyteller, just like Spyri's own mother.
Immediately after the book was published, Heidi was popular, both with children and adults.
It continues to be popular, and translations are available in more than fifty languages.
About 50 million books have been sold.
The story has also been told on movie and television.
There is even a musical version.
Visitors to Switzerland can visit a tourist village called Heididorf in Maienfeld.
The name means "Heidi's village" in German.
Some readers think that one problem of Heidi is that the book teaches the Christian religion.
Malcolm Usrey, a literary critic, thinks that nature is as important as Christianity in helping people, because Klara’s paralysis and Heidi’s home sickness are both healed in the “clean air of the Swiss mountains”.
(illustrated)
Hans von Bülow (born Dresden, 8 January 1830 ; died Cairo, 12 February 1894) was a German conductor and pianist.
He was one of the most famous conductors of the 19th century as well as being a famous pianist.
He is especially remembered for his conducting of the operas of Richard Wagner.
Bülow was born in Dresden.
His family belonged to the nobility: he had the title of “Freiherr” (similar to the English Baron).
When he was nine he had music lessons from Friedrich Wieck who was the father of Clara Schumann.
However, his parents said that he had to study law instead of music, and they sent him to Leipzig.
During this time he met Franz Liszt in Weimar and he heard him conduct the music of Wagner.
He decided to study music even though his parents did not want him to.
He went to Zürich where Wagner was living in exile.
Wagner thought he was very talented and got him some conducting jobs.
In 1851 he went to Weimar to study the piano with Liszt.
He worked very hard at his piano technique.
He also wrote articles about music.
Liszt also thought that von Bülow would become a great musician.
In 1853 Bülow made his first concert tour.
He played in Vienna, Pest, Dresden, Karlsruhe, Bremen, Hamburg and Berlin.
He taught the piano in Berlin and gave a lot of support to young composers who had new ideas about music.
He toured as pianist and conductor in Germany and Russia.
In 1857 he married Liszt’s daughter, Cosima.
In 1864 he became the Hofkapellmeister in Munich.
This was a very important conducting job and it made him extremely famous.
He conducted the first performances of two Wagner operas: Tristan und Isolde (1865) and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (1868).
These were extremely successful.
Meanwhile Cosima was having a love affair with Richard Wagner.
In 1868 she left her husband to live with Wagner, taking their daughters with her.
She divorced  Bülow, who went to Florence for a while to recover from the shock.
However, he always continued to show great respect for Wagner and continued to conduct his music.
When Wagner died in 1883 he was terribly sad.
In 1872 Bülow toured again.
He visited England and the USA where, as the solo pianist, he gave the first performance (world premiere) of  Tchaikovsky’s Piano Concerto No.
1 in  Boston in 1875.
From 1878 to 1880 he was conductor in Hanover, but had to leave after a quarrel with a tenor.
In 1880 he went to Meiningen where he conducted the orchestra, making it one of the best orchestras in Germany.
He made the players perform from memory.
He often conducted the music of Johannes Brahms.
He thought about every detail of the pieces he conducted.
He liked to have two pianos on the stage so that he could face the audience or have his back to them, whichever he wanted.
During this time he met Richard Strauss in Berlin.
He helped Strauss, who was a young man at the time, to make his music well known
He did new things with his orchestra, such as introducing a double bass with five strings (this is now normal in most European orchestras).
He also introduced timpani with pedals.
In the late 1880s he settled in Hamburg, but continued to tour, both conducting and performing on the piano.
Bülow had health problems which gave him very bad headaches.
He went to warmer countries to try to get better.
He died in a hotel in Cairo, Egypt,  ten months after his last concert performance.
Bülow was not only a conductor and pianist, but also a composer.
His piano compositions are influenced by Liszt.
They are very difficult to play.
He was also very good at writing about music.
He always wrote what he thought, even if it offended some people.
New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed.
People from Dresden
Sir Augustus Frederick d'Este, KCH (1794-1848) was the son of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex and Lady Augusta Murray and the grandson of George III.
His parents marriage was in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act 1772, which meant that Augustus d'Este was legally considered illegitimate.
Michael Dennis Morgan (born December 19, 1946) is an Australian rower, who has competed in the Olympics.
He attended Newington College (1957-1965).
Roberto Agustín "Rob" Trujillo (born October 23, 1964) is an American musician who is most famous as the bass player for Metallica.
He joined the band in 2003.
Before that Trujillo played bass for Suicidal Tendencies, Infectious Grooves, Black Label Society, Jerry Cantrell and was a member of Ozzy Osbourne's band.
Trujillo has played bass on many albums.
By Black Label Society
2002 1919 Eternal
2002 Boozed, Broozed, and Broken-Boned (DVD)
By Jerry Cantrell
2002 Degradation Trip
2002 Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2
By Infectious Grooves
1991 The Plague That Makes Your Booty Move...It's the Infectious Grooves
1993 Sarsippius' Ark
1994 Groove Family Cyco
2000 Mas Borracho
By Suicidal Tendencies
1989 Controlled By Hatred/Feel Like Shit...Déjà Vu
1990 Lights...Camera...Revolution!
1992 The Art of Rebellion
1993 Still Cyco After All These Years
1994 Suicidal for Life
By Glenn Tipton
1997 Baptizm of Fire
By Ozzy Osbourne
2001 Down to Earth
2002 Blizzard of Ozz-reissue
2002 Diary of a Madman-reissue
2002 Live at Budokan
By Metallica
2008 Death Magnetic
The President of the Indonesia Republic is the head of state of Indonesia.
The current President is Joko Widodo.
Sergiu Celibidache (; 14 August 1996) was a Romanian conductor.
He was one of the great conductors of his time, living in Germany all his adult life.
Celibidache was born in Romania.
He went to Berlin in 1936 and in 1939 studied there at the Hochschule für Musik.
He got a doctorate by writing about the Renaissance composer Josquin Desprez.
He was lucky very early in his career to be appointed as conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.
He stayed with them until 1952 when Wilhelm Furtwängler returned.
He also worked for a time in Britain, as well as touring in Europe and South America.
From 1979 until his death he was music director of the Munich Philharmonic.
He taught at Mainz University in Germany and in 1984 taught at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
He liked teaching and often let students come to his lessons without having to pay.
Celibidache did not like making recordings, although there are a few recordings of his concerts which have survived.
He was well known for asking for lots of rehearsals, and he rehearsed his orchestras in great detail.
He often chose very slow speeds for the slow movements and very fast speeds for the fast movements.
In Munich he had a long argument with the trombone player Abbie Conant because he did not want her in the orchestra.
Conant thought it was because she was a woman that he did not want her.
The argument lasted for 12 years.
He studied at the Leipzig conservatory.
He went to Saint Petersburg to play in the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra.
In 1872 he returned to Germany and conducted an orchestra called the Berlin Symphony Orchestra.
He then started an orchestra called Neue Berliner Symphoniekapelle.
In 1882 he became the first conductor of a new orchestra, the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, which was soon to become one of the world's best orchestras.
Claudio Abbado (26 June 1933 – 20 January 2014), was an Italian conductor.
He conducted many of the world’s greatest orchestras..
Abbado was born in Milan, Italy.
His father played the violin and composed.
He started to learn the piano from his father.
He studied music at the Milan Conservatory and often had the opportunity to listen to famous conductors rehearsing, e.g. Arturo Toscanini, Bruno Walter and Wilhelm Furtwängler.
He did not like the way that Toscanini shouted and yelled at the orchestra.
He knew that he did not want to be like him.
He studied conducting at the Vienna Academy of Music.
In 1958, he won the international Koussevitsky competition for conductors.
Soon he was invited to conduct in many parts of Italy.
In 1963 he won the Dmitri Mitropoulos Competition for conductors.
This allowed him to work for five months with the New York Philharmonic.
He first conducted at La Scala in Milan in 1960.
He was music director there from 1968 to 1986.
He conducted the Vienna Philharmonic for the first time in 1965 in a concert at the Salzburg Festival.
He was music director for the Vienna State Opera from 1986 to 1991, where he conducted traditional operas as well as new, 20th-century operas.
He was principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra from 1979 to 1987.
In the US, he was principal guest conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 1982 to 1986.
With both orchestras, Abbado made a number of recordings for Deutsche Grammophon.
In 1989, the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra chose Abbado to be their conductor, to succeed Herbert von Karajan.
Abbado stayed with them until 2002 when he left because of his bad health, although he returned in 2004 to make several recordings with them.
Abbado has conducted a lot of Romantic music, especially the symphonies of Gustav Mahler.
He has conducted many modern works such as Arnold Schoenberg, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Giacomo Manzoni, Luigi Nono, Bruno Maderna, Thomas Adler, Giovanni Sollima, Roberto Carnevale, Franco Donatoni and George Benjamin.
In 1988, he started the music festival Wien Modern (Vienna Modern).
This festival is now not just for modern music but other forms of modern art as well.
Abbado is also well known for his work with young musicians.
He started the European Union Youth Orchestra in 1978 and the Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester (Gustav Mahler Youth Orchestra) in 1986.
He often conducted the Chamber Orchestra of Europe and has recently worked with the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar of Venezuela.
Abbado was found to have stomach cancer in 2000 and he had a major operation.
After he got better he started the Lucerne Festival Orchestra in 2003.
He is also music director of the Mozart Orchestra of Bologna, Italy.
Abbado's son Daniele is an opera-director.
From his relationship with the violinist Viktoria Mullova, he is the father of her oldest child, Misha.
His nephew Roberto Abbado is also a conductor.
Claudio Abbado at Deutsche Grammophon
Claudio Abbado  at Sony BMG Masterworks
Claudio Abbado discography
Sometimes when measuring things we need to get our measurement as accurate as possible.
Accuracy is important in surveying the land, navigation of ships, making parts for machines like car engines, looking at stars and planets in astronomy and when doing experiments in science.
The working of Vernier scale
Length has been measured with a straight ruler for hundreds of years.
It measures up to 0.01cm.
If the object we are measuring is somewhere in between two of the marks on our ruler then we would have to estimate where between the two marks to take the measurement.
A Vernier scale on our ruler does this last fine piece of measuring between the two marks for us.
We don't need to be sharp eyed to read the Vernier scale because its marks are almost as big as our main measuring scale.
We just count how many marks there are to the next place where there is a mark on both the main and vernier scales that are exactly lined up.
That number of marks tells us the size of the small extra measurement.
Project AWARE Foundation (or Project A.W.A.R.E.) is a nonprofit, worldwide, organization dedicated to "Conserving underwater environments through education, advocacy and action."
Project AWARE Foundation website
EarthEcho International is an environmental nonprofit organization founded in honor of Philippe Cousteau, by his children and widow.
It is based in Washington, D.C..
Non-profit organizations of Washington, D.C.
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge,  (William Arthur Philip Louis; 21 June 1982) is a member of the British royal family.
He is the oldest son of Charles, Prince of Wales and the late Diana, Princess of Wales.
He is the oldest grandson of Queen Elizabeth, II, and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
He is second in line to the British throne.
He married Catherine Middleton, now Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, on 29 April 2011.
Before his wedding, Prince William was made Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus.
Prince William was born at St Mary's Hospital in London, His father is Charles, Prince of Wales and his mother was Diana, Princess of Wales.
He is the third grandchild of the reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
His mother, Diana, tried to shield Prince William and his younger brother, Prince Harry of Wales, from the media.
Prince William began learning at independent schools then Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School, both in London.
Following this, he went to Ludgrove School, and, after passing the entrance exams, he went to Eton College, where he learnt geography, biology, and art history at A-Level.
At Eton, he took part in many sports including Football, basketball, and water polo.
He then took a year away from education (a 'gap year') before going to the University of St Andrews.
He graduated in 2004, with a degree in geography.
William graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 15 December 2006; the graduation parade was attended by the Queen and the Prince of Wales, along with other members of the Royal Family, and William officially received his commission as a lieutenant.
With his rank obtained, the Prince, using the name of William Wales, followed his younger brother into the Blues and Royals as a troop commander in an armoured reconnaissance unit, after which he spent four months in training for the post at Bovington Camp, Dorset.
He also learned to fly, and became a RAF Search and Rescue pilot.
Marriage to Kate Middleton
On 16 November 2010, it was announced by Clarence House that William and Catherine Middleton were to marry.
Catherine Middleton was a commoner (not royalty).
The couple had met at University of St Andrews.
Their engagement began on 16 November 2010.
The wedding took place on 29 April 2011 in Westminster Abbey, London.
That day was made a bank holiday in the UK.
After the wedding, William and Catherine became known as the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.
On 22 July 2013, Catherine gave birth to a baby boy.
On 24 July, it was announced that the baby would be called Prince George of Cambridge, with the full given name George Alexander Louis.
A daughter, Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, was born to William and Catherine on 2 May 2015.
She was given the full name of Charlotte Elizabeth Diana.
On 23 April 2018, a second son was born to William and Catherine.
The baby was given the full name of Louis Arthur Charles.
Royal duties
The Duke of Cambridge is second in line to the throne.
Through his mother's line he is descended from numerous dukes.
He is also a descendant of Charles II of England and James II of England.
If he becomes King, he will be the first monarch descended from Charles I of England since Queen Anne.
He is also related to King Henry IV of England.
Sir Winston Churchill is also distantly related to William.
Sir Simon Denis Rattle CBE,  (born Liverpool, 19 January 1955) is an English conductor.
He became internationally famous as the conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra which he made into a world-class orchestra.
Since 1999 he has been the conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic.
Rattle was born in Liverpool and studied at Liverpool College.
He learned to play the  piano and the violin.
He started to play in orchestras, but as a percussionist.
He went to study at the Royal Academy of Music in London in 1971.
Three years later he won the John Player Conductor Competition.
He organised and conducted a performance of Mahler's Second Symphony whilst still at the Academy.
He spent a year studying English Language and literature at St Anne's College, Oxford.
Career in the UK
He spent 18 years as conductor of the  City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (CBSO), from 1980 to 1998.
During this time he made the orchestra into one of the best European orchestras.
The orchestra used to give their concerts at the Town Hall in Birmingham, but a new concert hall, the Symphony Hall, was opened in 1991.
The BBC made a film about Rattle and the CBSO during his last year with the orchestra.
It was called: Simon Rattle — Moving On.
Rattle was given the award of CBE in 1987 and made a Knight Bachelor in 1994.
In 1992, Rattle was made Principal Guest Conductor of the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment (OAE), together with Frans Brüggen.
Rattle now has the title of Principal Artist with the OAE.
In 2001, Rattle conducted the OAE at Glyndebourne in their first production of Beethoven’s opera Fidelio with a period instrument orchestra.
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
The first time Rattle conducted the Berlin Philharmonic (BPO) was in 1987 when he gave a performance of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No.
In 1999 Rattle was made chief conductor of the orchestra when Claudio Abbado left.
Before he agreed to take the job he insisted on making some changes to make sure that all the orchestral members were paid fairly and that the orchestra could make its own decisions instead of having to do what the Berlin Senate told them.
Before he left England he said some very critical things about the British attitude to culture, especially to music.
He thought that not enough money was being spent on the arts and that the politicians were not interested in music.
He gave his first concert as principal conductor of the BPO on 7 September 2002, leading performances of Thomas Adès' Asyla and Gustav Mahler's Symphony No.
He has done many new things since working in Berlin.
He has continued to conduct the music of many living British composers.
He has formed an educational programme so that young people in Berlin get used to hearing classical music.
Some people have criticised what Rattle has done in Berlin, but many people support him.
Conducting in North America
Rattle has toured to many countries during his career.
He has conducted in North America.
In 1979 he conducted the Los Angeles Philharmonic (LAP) and was their Principal Guest Conductor from 1981–1994.
He also guest-conducted the Cleveland Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony, Toronto Symphony Orchestra, and Boston Symphony Orchestra.
In 1993, Rattle conducted the Philadelphia Orchestra.
They wanted him to be their chief conductor, but Rattle could not take on the job.
Instead, he often performs as their guest conductor.
Musical styles and recordings
Rattle has conducted lots of different music, sometimes old music with period instruments, sometimes music by living composers.
He is very well known for his performances of Mahler.
He has won many awards for his recordings.
Rattle has been married three times.
He is a fan of Liverpool F.C.
Simon Rattle official website
2020 (twenty twenty) (MMXX) was .
The COVID-19 pandemic led to severe global economic and social disruption throughout 2020.
The year was also nominated by Time magazine to be one of "the worst years to be alive" in modern history.
January 2 – The government of New South Wales, Australia, declares a state of emergency and the government of Victoria, Australia declares a state of disaster because of large bushfires that had killed up to 500 million animals
January 3 — A U.S. airstrike near Baghdad International Airport kills Iranian military general Qasem Soleimani, fueling the Persian Gulf crisis.
January 5 – Second Libyan Civil War: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announces that Turkish troops will be deployed to Libya on behalf of the United Nations.
Persian Gulf crisis: 56 people are reported killed and over 200 are crushed on by others at the funeral of Qasem Soleimani in the city of Kerman, Iran.
Sebastian Kurz becomes the Chancellor of Austria for a second time following a coalition agreement with the environmentalist faction of the Austrian Parliament.
January 8 — A plane bound for Ukraine crashes just after taking off from Tehran, Iran, killing all 176 on board.
It was later announced that Iran accidentally shot down the plane.
January 9 — ISIL militants assault a Nigerien military base at Chinagodrar, killing at least 89 Nigerien soldiers.
January 10 — The Sultan of Oman, Qaboos bin Said, dies aged 79.
He is replaced by Haitham bin Tariq.
January 16 – The impeachment trial of the President of the United States, Donald Trump, starts in the U.S. Senate.
January 18 – Yemeni Civil War: 111 Yemeni soldiers and five civilians are killed in a drone and missile attack on a military camp near Ma'rib.
January 26 – Five-time NBA champion Kobe Bryant, his 13 year-old daughter Gianna and seven others are killed in a helicopter crash in Calabasas, California.
January 28 — President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announce the Trump peace plan.
January 30 — The World Health Organization declared the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak a public and national health emergency and concern.
January 31 — The United Kingdom and Gibraltar leave the European Union.
Academy Award-winning actor Kirk Douglas died in Los Angeles, aged 103.
President Donald Trump is found innocent during his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate.
February 11 — 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak: The World Health Organization (WHO) names the disease COVID-19.
February 13 — NASA publishes a detailed study of Arrokoth, the most distant body ever explored by a spacecraft, which New Horizons passed by on its journey through the Kuiper Belt.
February 19 — Shootings in Hanau, Germany, leaves eleven people dead and five others wounded.
February 27 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunges by 1,190.95 points, or 4.4%, to close at 25,766.64, its largest one-day points decline in history.
This follows several days of large falls, marking the worst week for the index since 2008, triggered by fears of the spreading coronavirus.
This would cause a massive global stock market crash.
February 28 – Ambassadors of all 29 NATO Allies meet in the North Atlantic Council expressing solidarity with Turkey after 33 Turkish soldiers were killed in an air strike by the Syrian government forces during the ongoing Syrian civil war.
A truce is signed between American troops, Afghan troops, and the Taliban.
Luxembourg becomes the first country in the world to make all public transport free to use.
Several tornadoes tear through Nashville, Tennessee, killing 25.
Adisumarmo International Airport in Solo (Surakarta), Java, Indonesia, is closed after the eruption of Mount Merapi volcano.
March 4 – Former Secretary-General of the United Nations and Prime Minister of Peru Javier Pérez de Cuéllar dies at the age of 100.
March 5 – The I.C.C. approves the Afghanistan War Crimes Inquiry to begin, allowing for the first time for U.S. citizens to be investigated.
March 8 – Italy places 16 million people in quarantine, more than a quarter of its population, in a bid to stop the spread of coronavirus.
March 9 – Share prices fall sharply around the world due to an oil price war between Russia and Saudi Arabia, caused by the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell more than 2,000 points.
Oil prices fell by as much as 30% in early trading.
March 11 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The World Health Organization declares the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.
March 12 – Global stock markets crash three days after Black Monday due to continued concerns over COVID-19 and the U.S. travel ban on the Schengen Area.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average went into free fall, closing at over -2,300 points.
March 13 – The Government of Nepal announced that Mount Everest would closed off from the public and climbers for the rest of the season over concerns rising from the coronavirus pandemic.
March 14 – Spain goes into lockdown after the country is hard-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic the day before declaring the Alarm Status.
March 15 – New Zealand cancels the mass gathering marking the first anniversary of the 2019 Christchurch Mosque massacre due to 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.
March 16 – Oil prices fall into the $20 range, down 10 percent from the previous day amid the coronavirus pandemic, as The Fed cuts interest rates to zero.
The Iranian government says that "millions" may die from the coronavirus if people keep ignoring health guidelines and continue traveling.
Two major shrines were closed on March 16 after fiathful pushed into the courtyards.
90% of the 18,000 coronavirus cases in the Middle East have taken place in Iran; 988 people have died in the country.
European leaders close the EU's external and Schengen borders for at least 30 days, in an effort to slow the COVID-19 pandemic.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: UEFA postpones the Euro 2020 association football tournament until summer 2021.
March 18 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2020 would be cancelled due to 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in Europe.
It's the first in the history of the contest to be cancelled.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The worldwide death toll from COVID-19 passes 10,000 as the total number of cases reaches a quarter of a million.
Country music singer Kenny Rogers dies at the age of 81.
March 23 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The International Baccalaureate cancels the May 2020 IB Exams, affecting 200,000 students worldwide.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: 2.6 billion people, a third of the world's population, face some form of movement restrictions as India goes into lockdown for 21 days to curb the spread of COVID-19.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Chinese Premier Li Keqiang reports that "the spread of domestically transmitted epidemic has been basically blocked" and the outbreak has been controlled in China.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The United Kingdom goes into lockdown for three weeks to contain COVID-19.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Japan suspends the Summer Olympics until 2021.
March 25 – American FBI official Robert Levinson was declared dead by his family after being missing for nearly thirteen years while on a CIA mission.
It is believed he died while being held captive by the Iranian government.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Global COVID-19 cases reach 500,000, with nearly 23,000 deaths confirmed.
The United States surpasses China and Italy in total number of known COVID-19 cases, with at least 81,321 cases and more than 1,000 deaths.
China temporarily suspends entry for foreign nationals with visas or residence permits, effective midnight March 28.
Militants in the Philippines, Syria, Yemen, and Libya agree to U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres's call for a cease fire; some accept medical aid for themselves and the noncobatants in their communities.
Guterres also asked wealthy countries to provide $2 billion to aid in fighting the virus.
Colombia and Venezuela discussed a common response to the globabl pandemic, and the UAE has airlifted aid to Iran.
North Macedonia becomes the 30th country to join NATO.
Hamed Karoui, who was Prime Minister of Tunisia for ten years, dies at the age of 92.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The number of deaths in Spain, 7,340, passes those in China.
2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war: The price of Brent Crude falls 9% to $23 per barrel, the lowest level since November 2002.
2020 Summer Olympics: The International Olympic Committee announced of rescheduled Olympics will be July 23 to August 8, 2021.
Former Premier of the Republic of China General Hau Pei-tsun dies of multiple organ failure, aged 100.
April 1 – Former Prime Minister of Somalia Nur Hassan Hussein dies of COVID-19, aged 82.
April 2 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Over 1,000,000 cases of COVID-19 are confirmed worldwide.
April 3 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong announced a much stricter set of rules called "Circuit Breaker", starting 7 April until at least 4 May.
All non-essential workplaces will be closed during this period.
Schools will move to home-based learning, and preschools will close.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The first case of COVID-19 in a zoo animal is reported; a four-year-old female Malayan tiger at the Bronx Zoo in New York.
Mahmoud Jibril, interim Libyan Prime Minister who oversaw the 2011 civil war and the fall of Muammar Gaddafi, dies of COVID-19 at aged 67.
April 7 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Japan declares a state of emergency in response to COVID-19, and passes a stimulus package worth 108 trillion yen ($990 billion), equal to 20% of the country's GDP.
April 8 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: China ends the lockdown in Wuhan, with people allowed to leave the city for the first time in 76 days.
April 10 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The death toll from COVID-19 exceeds 100,000 globally, a ten-fold increase from March 20.
April 12–13 – At least thirty people are killed in an Easter Sunday tornado outbreak in the Southeastern United States.
April 13 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Spain partially stops some lockdown rules, allowing around 300,000 non-essential workers, such as construction and manufacturing industries to return to their jobs.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 2 million worldwide.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Denmark partially lift some of its lockdown rules, allowing children up to age 11 returned to school.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: China fixes the coronavirus death toll upward in Wuhan, where the virus originated, adding 1,290 more fatalities to bring the country's reported deaths from COVID-19 to 4,632.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Europe passes the 100,000 deaths mark.
April 18–April 19 – At least 23 people are killed at random at several places in Nova Scotia, Canada.
It was the deadliest attack of its kind in Canadian history.
April 20 – Oil prices reach a record low, falling into negative values, due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and the Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war.
April 24 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Ecuador revises its total confirmed cases to 22,719, doubled from previous day, caused by increased test capacity and presentation of delayed results.
April 25 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The death toll from COVID-19 exceeds 200,000 globally.
The U.K. becomes the fifth country to report 20,000 deaths.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The number of cases in Iran passes 90,000.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Spain further partially eases its lockdown rules, allowing children up to 14 to go outside their home for at most one hour.
April 27 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 3 million worldwide, while the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States passes 1 million.
April 28 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Russia's 87,147 COVID-19 cases passes the 84,341 in China.
In the aftermath of the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks, Canada bans assault-style weapons.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorizes emergency remdesivir use to treat the sickest COVID-19 patients.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The total number of recovered COVID-19 patient reached 1 million worldwide, according data from Johns Hopkins University.
May 2 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Spain further eases the nationwide lockdown, allowing adults to go outside their homes from 6 to 10am and 8 to 11pm.
May 3 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: Brazil reports 100,000 cases of infection and 7,000 deaths.
This is the ninth highest number of cases in the world, passing Iran.
May 4 – COVID-19 pandemic: Italy begins slowing down some of its lockdown measures.
Italians can now exercise outside of their home, visit relatives at the same regions, be part of a funeral with a 15 attendees minimum, and visit bike and scooter shops.
Schools, cinemas, and most shops remain closed.
May 5 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: The UK death toll from COVID-19 becomes the highest in Europe at 32,313 after exceeding the death toll of 29,029 in Italy.
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic: New evidence indicates that an Algerian-born French fishmonger who had not traveled to China and did not have contact with any Chinese nationals was treated for pneumonia from an unknown source, now identified as COVID-19, on December 27, 2019.
Astronomers announce the discovery of the first black hole located in a star system visible to the naked eye.
Several Chinese and Indian soldiers are injured in a cross-border clash at the Nathu La crossing.
About 150 troops participated in the face-off, which involved fistfights and stone-throwing.
Rock and Roll pioneer Little Richard dies at the age of 87.
COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 4 million worldwide.
COVID-19 pandemic: Wuhan, the original epicentre of the panndemic, reports its first coronavirus cases in more than a month.
A 89-year-old man was confirmed positive, but his wife and several member of the community were recorded as asymptomatic cases.
Gunmen storm a maternity hospital and kill 24 people, including two newborn babies in a majority-Shia neighborhood of Kabul, Afghanistan.
Former Laotian Vice President and Prime Minister Sisavath Keobounphanh dies aged 92.
COVID-19 pandemic:
The global death toll from COVID-19 exceeds 300,000.
The UN warns of a global mental health crisis caused by isolation, fear, uncertainty and economic turmoil.
May 16 – Félicien Kabuga, a Rwandan businessman responsible for supporting the Rwandan genocide, is arrested in Asnières-sur-Seine, France after 26 years as a fugitive.
May 21 – COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 5 million worldwide, with 106,000 new cases recorded over the past 24 hours, the highest single-day figure so far.
Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303 crashes in Karachi, killing 97 people, leaving two survivors from the plane and eight injuries on the ground.
COVID-19 pandemic: Brazil overtakes Russia to become the country with the second highest number of COVID-19 cases, with over 330,000 reported.
President Jair Bolsonaro continues to dismiss the threat of the virus.
Same-sex marriage becomes legal in Costa Rica, becoming the first Central American country to do so.
Massive riots and protests break out in the United States following the police killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo says that Hong Kong is "no longer autonomous", as China backs a new security law that would make it a crime to undermine Beijing's authority in the territory.
COVID-19 pandemic: The U.S. death toll passes 100,000 – more Americans then were killed in the Vietnam and Korean wars combined, and approaching that of the First World War, when 116,000 Americans died in combat.
The total number of cases continues to rise, although the rate is slowing.
Taiwan decriminalises adultery.
Abderrahmane Youssoufi, who was Prime Minister of Morocco for four years, dies of lung cancer at aged 96.
May 30 – The first crewed flight of the Dragon 2 (initially scheduled for May 27 but delayed due to weather) is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, the first manned spacecraft to take off from U.S. soil since 2011.
May 31 – COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 6 million worldwide.
COVID-19 pandemic: The annual Tiananmen Square memorial in Hong Kong is banned for the first time since 1990 because of health concerns due to COVID-19.
Kivu Ebola epidemic: The World Health Organization reports six new cases of Ebola, and UNICEF reports five deaths, in a renewed outbreak of the disease the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Killing of George Floyd: After a week of rioting, U.S. President Donald Trump officially labels Antifa as a terrorist organisation.
June 2 – A US$5 billion lawsuit is filed against Alphabet Inc. and Google, saying that the company violates users' right to privacy by tracking them in Chrome's private browsing Incognito mode.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson says the United Kingdom will change immigration laws to offer a pathway to UK citizenship for all Hong Kong citizens.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Nisarga makes landfall south of Mumbai as a Category 1 hurricane.
This is the first time a tropical cyclone has targeted the megacity since 1891.
About 100,000 people have been evacuated.
SpaceX successfully launches and deploys 60 satellites into a low Earth orbit from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
This brings the total number of Starlink satellites in orbit to 482.
Russian President Vladimir Putin declares a state of emergency after 20,000 tons of oil leaked near Siberia within the Arctic Circle on May 26, 2020.
June 4 – The interim government of Libya says they are in full control of the capital, Tripoli, after army forces loyal to Khalifa Haftar retreat from the territory after months of intense fighting in the city.
June 7 – COVID-19 pandemic: The global death toll from COVID-19 exceeds 400,000.
COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 7 million worldwide.
President of Burundi Pierre Nkurunziza, who ruled the country for fifteen years, dies of a heart attack while in office, aged 55.
June 9 – COVID-19 pandemic: A Harvard University study suggests that COVID-19 may have been spreading in China as early as August 2019, based on hospital car park usage and web search trends.
June 15 – At least 20 Indian soldiers and over 40 Chinese forces are killed or injured in skirmishes, the largest escalation along the Sino-Indian border in five decades.
COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 8 million worldwide.
North Korea destroys the Inter-Korean Liaison Office with South Korea in Kaesong, created in 2018 to improve relations.
June 18 – Kenya, Mexico, India, Ireland and Norway are elected as non-permanent members to the United Nations Security Council for the 2021 session.
June 20 – Three people are killed and three more are injured during a terrorist knife attack at Forbury Gardens in Reading, Berkshire.
June 21 – An annular solar eclipse occurs.
It is visible mainly in countries in Asia and Africa.
June 22 – COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 9 million worldwide.
A 7.5-magnitude earthquake strikes the coast of Oaxaca, Mexico and kills at least four people.
It is felt more than  away in Mexico City.
Lazarus Chakwera is elected President of Malawi in a rerun election, defeating incumbent Peter Mutharika.
The 2019 election was found to have been rigged and a new election was ordered.
June 27 – Micheál Martin succeeded Leo Varadkar as Taoiseach of Ireland in a three-party coalition government.
The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 10 million worldwide.
The U.S. continues to have the highest number of any country as it reaches 2.5 million, a quarter of all cases globally.
The global death toll from COVID-19 exceeds 500,000.
June 29 – Four gunmen attack on the Pakistani Stock Exchange killing four people in Karachi.
July 1 – Russian voters support a constitutional amendment that would allow Vladimir Putin to seek two further six-year terms when his current term ends in 2024, potentially allowing him to remain in power until 2036.
July 2 – A landslide in Myanmar results in at least 162 deaths.
July 3 – COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 11 million worldwide.
July 4 – After record breaking rain, a massive flood occurs in the prefectures of Kumamoto and Kagoshima in the southern Japanese island of Kyushu, killing 49 people.
July 7 – In China, 21 people are killed and 16 were injured in a bus crash in Anshun, Guizhou.
COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 12 million worldwide.
At least 180 bodies are found in mass graves in Burkina Faso, where soldiers are fighting jihadists.
It is suspected that the government forces were involved in mass executions.
The European Central Bank accepts Bulgaria and Croatia into the European Exchange Rate Mechanism, a mandatory stage for countries that wish to adopt the euro.
This is the currency bloc's first major expansion in half a decade.
The Turkish government orders the Hagia Sophia to be turned back into a mosque following a supreme court annulment of a 1934 presidential decree that made it a museum.
In Singapore, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong is re-elected with a super majority and 61.24% of the vote.
2020 Polish presidential election: Conservative incumbent President Andrzej Duda narrowly wins re-election against socially liberal challenger Rafał Trzaskowski.
At least sixteen people are killed in border clashes between Armenian and Azerbaijani armed forces.
July 13 – C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) can be seen by the naked eye and becomes one of the brightest visible to observers in the northern hemisphere since Comet Hale–Bopp in 1997.
July 14 – The United States government passes the Hong Kong Autonomy Act.
July 15 – The Twitter accounts of well known political figures, CEOs, and celebrities are hacked to promote a bitcoin scam.
July 19 – Flooding of the Brahmaputra River kills 189 and leaves 4 million homeless in India and Nepal.
July 21 – European leaders agree to create a €750 billion ($858 billion) recovery fund to rebuild EU economies impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
July 22 – COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 15 million worldwide.
July 24 – Television host Regis Philbin dies at the age of 88.
COVID-19 pandemic: North Korean leader Kim Jong-un held an emergency meeting after a suspected case of COVID-19 detected on North Korean town of Kaesong.
Then the city was put on lockdown.
Hurricane Hanna makes 2 landfalls in South Texas with 90 mph winds (145 km/h) mainly in Kennedy County, Texas.
July 26 – Academy Award-winning actress Olivia de Havilland died in Paris, aged 104.
July 28 – Former Prime Minister of Malaysia Najib Razak found guilty on all seven counts of abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption.
July 30 –  Successful launch of NASA's Mars 2020 mission to study the habitability of Mars in preparation for future human missions.
August 3 – Former King of Spain Juan Carlos I goes into voluntary exile following a financial scandal.
August 4 – Multiple explosions caused by unsafely stored ammonium nitrate kill over 220 people, injure thousands, and severely damage the port of Beirut, Lebanon.
Damage is said to be worth at $10–15 billion, and at least 300,000 people are left homeless.
U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar travels to Taiwan, the highest U.S. official visit to the country in 40 years.
The PRC condemns the visit.
COVID-19 pandemic: The worldwide death toll from COVID-19 passes 700,000.
August 7 – Air India Express Flight 1344 crashes after overrunning the runway at Calicut International Airport in Kerala, India killing 19 of the 191 persons on board.
August 9 – President Alexander Lukashenko is controversially re-elected, with many saying the election system was rigged and unfair.
Opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya declared victory, however fled to Lithuania due to fears of being arrested.
Many protest the election results.
COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 20 million worldwide.
In the aftermath of massive explosions in Beirut, Prime Minister Hassan Diab announced his resignation along with his government.
August 11 – COVID-19 pandemic: Russian President Vladimir Putin announces that Russia has approved the world's first COVID-19 vaccine.
It is reported that Britain's gross domestic product (GDP) fell by 20.4% in the second quarter of 2020, the biggest quarterly decline since records began in 1955, and the worst economic figure of any G7 nation.