the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Since 8.04 the code has been merged within Ubuntu and since 8.04 alpha 5, Wubi can also be found in the Ubuntu Live CD.
Wubi was made to help Windows users who are do not know Linux very well to try it out easily without losing data or other problems.
Wubi can also remove Ubuntu from inside Windows.
Chasmosaurus was a rhinoceros-like dinosaur, the order of bird-hipped, herbivorous dinosaurs.
It was a member of the suborder Marginocephalia, and the family of large, horned, herding herbivores, the ceratopsians.
Chasmosaurus was named by paleontologist Lawrence Lambe in 1914.
Xu Xiao-Fei (born 7 March 1982) is a former Chinese football player.
|2005||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 2||11||0||0||0||11||0
|2006||rowspan="2"|Kamatamare Sanuki||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||12||5||1||0||13||5
|2007||8||4||0||0||8||4
|2007||Gainare Tottori||Football League||7||0||2||0||9||0
|2008||Mitsubishi Motors Mizushima||Football League||16||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|2009||Henan Construction||Super League||1||0||0||0||1||0
j-league #23
|2003||Montedio Yamagata||J. League 2||40||2||2||0||42||2
|2006||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 2||35||1||0||0||35||1
Choi Jin-Cheul (born 26 March 1971) is a former South Korean football player.
|1996||Chonbuk Dinos||K-League||27||0||||||2||1||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|1997||rowspan="3"|Chonbuk Hyundai Dinos||rowspan="3"|K-League||9||0||||||12||2||colspan="2"|-||21||2
|1998||11||6||||||16||2||colspan="2"|-||27||8
|1999||26||7||||||9||2||colspan="2"|-||35||9
|2000||rowspan="8"|Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors||rowspan="8"|K-League||25||2||||||7||1||colspan="2"|-||32||3
|2001||21||0||||||4||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|2002||23||0||||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|2003||33||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|2004||17||1||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|2005||19||0||2||0||11||1||colspan="2"|-||32||1
|2006||16||1||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||20||1
|2007||14||0||1||0||1||0||2||1||18||1
|2002||19||1
|2004||15||2
Total||63||4
Andrés D'Alessandro (born 15 April 1981) is an Argentine football player.
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|River Plate||rowspan="4"|Primera División||1||0
|2001/02||36||9
|2002/03||29||10
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||29||3
|2004/05||19||3
|2005/06||Portsmouth||Premier League||13||1
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="2"|La Liga||36||2
|2007/08||San Lorenzo Almagro||Primera División||15||2
|2008||rowspan="3"|Internacional||rowspan="3"|Série A||11||2
|2009||22||5
Albin Pelak (born 9 April 1981) is a Bosnia and Herzegovina football player.
He plays for Olimpik Sarajevo.
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Sarajevo||rowspan="4"|Premier League||8||2
|2000/01||34||12
|2001/02||4||1
|2003||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||3||1
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Sarajevo||rowspan="3"|Premier League||8||1
|2005/06||12||5
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Željezničar Sarajevo||rowspan="2"|Premier League||6||2
|2006/07||13||5
|2007||Zvezda Irkutsk||First Division||6||0
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Željezničar Sarajevo||rowspan="2"|Premier League||11||3
|2008/09||12||3
|2009/10||Olimpik Sarajevo||Premier League||||
Milan Rapaić (born 16 August 1973) is a former Croatian football player.
|1992||rowspan="5"|Hajduk Split||rowspan="5"|Prva HNL||2||0
|1992/93||17||4
|1993/94||25||8
|1994/95||15||2
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Perugia||Serie A||31||4
|1997/98||Serie B||28||5
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Serie A||34||9
|1999/00||28||2
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Fenerbahçe||First League||29||11
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||16||3
|2002/03||Hajduk Split||Prva HNL||11||3
|2003/04||Ancona||Serie A||14||4
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Standard Liège||rowspan="3"|First Division||20||4
|2005/06||18||7
|2006/07||22||3
|2007/08||Trogir||Druga HNL||1||0
|2006||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||7||0||3||0||1||0||11||0
Sakai was born in Nagareyama on August 2, 1975.
He joined his local club Kashiwa Reysol from their youth team in 1994.
He played many matches as right midfielder.
From 2000, his opportunity to play decreased behind Mitsuteru Watanabe.
He moved to Consadole Sapporo in 2002.
|1994||rowspan="8"|Kashiwa Reysol||Football League||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|1995||rowspan="7"|J1 League||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|1996||19||8||1||1||12||3||32||12
|1997||14||0||3||1||6||0||23||1
|1998||27||5||2||3||2||0||31||8
|1999||24||2||4||2||7||0||35||4
|2000||15||0||2||1||0||0||17||1
|2001||12||1||0||0||2||0||14||1
|2002||rowspan="2"|Consadole Sapporo||J1 League||17||1||0||0||3||0||20||1
|2003||J2 League||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|2005||rowspan="8"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|2006||22||1||1||0||4||1||27||2
|2007||11||1||0||0||2||0||13||1
|2008||25||1||2||0||5||0||32||1
|2009||5||0||2||0||3||0||10||0
Albirex Niigata, http://www.albirex.co.jp/topteam/23_tanaka.html
Toshihiro Matsushita (born 17 October 1983) is a Japanese football player.
|2002||rowspan="5"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||5||0||0||0||1||0||6||0
|2003||5||0||0||0||1||0||6||0
|2004||4||0||2||0||1||0||7||0
|2005||14||0||3||0||7||0||24||0
|2006||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|2006||rowspan="4"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||19||3||2||0||0||0||21||3
|2007||25||0||0||0||4||0||29||0
|2008||28||2||0||0||5||0||33||2
|2009||34||4||3||1||6||2||43||7
|2010||Tokyo||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
The Mississippian is the first geological epoch in the Carboniferous geological period.
It began about 359 million years ago and ended 323.
The names Mississippian and Pennsylvanian are used in North America, because they match the strata there.
Geologists from elsewhere mostly use just 'Carboniferous', or they use the official terms for stages, as defined by the International Commission for Stratigraphy.
During the Mississippian the sea level was high, and much of North America was covered by a shallow sea.
The strata are mostly layers of marine limestones.
The Pennsylvanian is the Upper Carboniferous epoch in the strata of North America.
It comes after (above) the Mississippian, and before the Permian.
The Pennsylvanian started about 323 million years ago (mya), and ended about 299 mya.
The coal measures, which give the Carboniferous its name, are the remains of peat formed by dense tropical wetland forests.
They were formed in the Pennsylvanian, from about 315–300 million years years ago.
These forests were on the equator, and the wetlands, which are always low-lying, stretched from North America in the west, through what is now Europe to China in the east, because these continents were all together at the time (Laurussia).
The river plain which was the heart of the wetland stretched 5000km from eastern Canada to Ukraine, and was 700km wide.p6 This would make the Pennsylvanian basin larger than any wetlands on Earth today.
The characteristic vertebrates of the coal measures were amphibia, and the plants were mostly giant clubmosses such as Lepidodendron.
Change of climate
The wetland forests ended when the land level was raised by the pressure of the Gondwana continent against Laurussia, causing the zone of contact to be raised.
The end of the Coal Measures marks the end of the Carboniferous period.
China was too far away to be affected, and there the wetland forests continued for another 50 million years, into the early Permian.p30
As the climate became drier, egg-laying amniotes (Synapsids and Sauropsids) became more common than amphibia.
These are the lines that would lead to reptiles and mammals.
These egg-laying land vertebrates probably split from the early amniotes in the Mississippian.
The Viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a species of butterfly.
It belongs in the family Nymphalidae.
Colour pattern
The wings are orange.
They have black veins and black wing edges.
There is a black band across the hind wing (bottom wing).
This band can sometimes be faint or missing if the butterfly lives in the southwestern United States.
In Florida, the Viceroy is dark reddish brown instead of orange.
The wingspan ranges from 6.6 to 7.6 cm (2.6 to 3 in).
Its significance
The orange Viceroys mimic the Monarch (Danaus plexippus).
The reddish brown Viceroys mimic the Queen (Danaus gilippus) and the Soldier (Danaus eresimus).
The caterpillar feeds on trees in the willow family Salicaceae, including willows (Salix), and poplars and cottonwoods (Populus).
The caterpillars store the salicylic acid in their bodies, which makes them bitter, and upsets predators' stomachs.
As further protection, the caterpillars, as well as their chrysalis stage, resemble bird droppings.
The Viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a North American butterfly with a range from the Northwest Territories along the eastern edges of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada mountains, southwards into central Mexico.
Its wings have an orange and black pattern, and over most of its range it is a Müllerian mimic with the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus).
What this means is that they are both bitter tasting, and they both use the same pattern of colours where they live in the same territory.
Müllerian mimicry is a shared warning advertisement, in this case of foul taste.
The Viceroy can be found from June to July in northern Canada.
It can be found from May to October in southern Canada and the northern United States.
It is found all year in southern Florida.
In the southwestern United States, it is seen from April to November.
The female lays her eggs singly.
They are laid at the tip of the host plant leaf (the host plant is the plant that the caterpillar feeds on).
The egg is pale green or pale yellow.
It turns gray later.
The caterpillar feeds at night.
It is white, brown, black, and olive green.
There are two greenish bumps on the thorax.
There are also two spines near the head.
The chrysalis also mimics a bird dropping.
It is white, brown, and black.
There is a large brownish bump on the abdomen.
The caterpillar hibernates in a leaf shelter.
It lays one set of eggs in northern Canada, and 2-3 more groups in southern Canada and the United States.
USDA PLANTS Database
Naxos Island, island in the Cyclades group
Naxos (Sicily), ancient Greek city in Sicily
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) is a species of plant.
It is native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
It has been introduced to North America, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
It blooms from spring to early fall.
It is found in fields, pastures, and near roadsides.
Red Clover likes to grow in thick, dry soil.
Trifolium pratense at USDA PLANTS Database
Trifolium pratense at Germplasm Resources Information Network
Trifolium pratense at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses
Born in Augusta, New York, Miller graduated from Hamilton College in 1861.
He studied law in the office of Chief Justice Morrison Waite, and was admitted to the bar in Peru, Indiana in 1865.
Miller practiced in that city for a short time, and was also the county school examiner.
For many years, he was an advisor to General Benjamin Harrison.
In 1889, President Harrison made Miller Attorney General.
He was Attorney General until 1893.
Miller died in 1917 in Indianapolis, Indiana, and is buried in Crown Hill Cemetery in that city.
"Bart the General" is the fifth full length episode of the first season of The Simpsons, which was first shown on the Fox network on February 4, 1990.
In this episode, Bart deals with his troubles with the school bully, Nelson Muntz.
Bart chooses to go to war with Nelson using the neighborhood kids as his own army.
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by David Silverman.
"Moaning Lisa" is the sixth episode of the first season of The Simpsons.
It was first shown on February 11, 1990.
The episode was written by Al Jean and Mike Reiss, and was directed by Wes Archer.
Ron Taylor guest stars in the episode as "Bleeding Gums Murphy".
In this episode, Lisa deals with depression and she tries to  it by playing her saxophone.
It got good reviews from television judges.
Anthozoa are a class in the phylum Cnidaria.
It includes the sea anemones and the corals.
It is a monophyletic clade, one of two in the Cnidaria.
The other is the Medusozoa.
The class does not have a medusa larval stage in its development, unlike the rest of the phylum.
Like all Cnidaria, their food-catching and defense are done by nematocysts, which are extremely effective stinging cells.
Over 6,100 species have been described.
Ceriantharia: the tube-dwelling anemones or cerianthids
Hexacorallia: 4,300 species of colonial polyps, usually with 6-fold symmetry.
This includes all of the stony corals, which are vital for coral reef formation, and all sea anemones, and zoanthids.
Octocorallia: 3,000 species of colonial polyps with 8-fold symmetry.
It includes the blue coral, soft corals, sea pens, and gorgonians (sea fans and sea whips).
The cnida is the basic term for the stinging apparatus of the phylum Cnidaria.
The whole life-style of the phylum is based on this device, which enables the animals to catch their prey.
The cnida appears in several forms: the most usual is the nematocyst.
Cnidae are organelle-like capsules with eversible tubules (they shoot the tubule outwards).
They are the diagnostic feature of the phylum.
All cnidarians possess cnidae; no loss of the feature is known.
There are three main types of cnidae: nematocysts, ptychocysts, and spirocysts, with many variations.
Depending on the species, one or more types may be on the organism.
Nematocyst.
This is the main type, present in all Anthozoa.
It is a harpoon-like structure which holds and paralyses small prey.
Ptychocyst.
This puts out a sticky substance.
This is used to hold on to prey, and to help make tubes for burrowing tube anemones.
Spirocyst.
This is a lasso-like string that is fired at prey.
It wraps around the prey.
The cell which produces the cnida is variously called a cnidocyte, cnidoblast, or nematocyte.
It is highly specialised for just one function.
Each nematocyte cell contains an organelle with a hollow, coiled, thread-like structure.
The outside of the cell has a hair-like trigger.
When the trigger is touched, the shaft of the cnidocyst fires like a harpoon.
It penetrates the prey, and the hollow thread comes with it.
This takes no more than a few microseconds.
After penetration, the toxic content of the nematocyst is injected into the target.
The rapid activity of the injected neurotoxins paralyzes the mobile prey, thus allowing the sessile cnidarian to devour it.
Certain types of sea slugs, such as the nudibranch aeolids, store nematocysts from digested jellyfish at the tips of their cerata (body projections).
It is quite common for predators to store useful plastids from their victims.
Goldenrods are any of the about 150 species of weedy herbs that make up the genus Solidago.
Handling the goldenrod many times can make some people have allergies.
Because of this, some florists change their jobs.
Parts of goldenrods are eaten by humans.
They are also eaten by many species of Lepidoptera.
Solidago albopilosa E.L. Braun – Whitehair Goldenrod
Solidago altiplanities C.E.S. Taylor & R.J. Taylor – High Plains Goldenrod
Solidago altissima L. – Canada Goldenrod
Solidago arguta Aiton – Atlantic Goldenrod
Solidago auriculata Shuttlw.
ex S.F. Blake – Eared Goldenrod
Solidago bicolor L. – White Goldenrod
Solidago brachyphylla Chapm.
ex Torr. &
A. Gray – Dixie Goldenrod
Solidago buckleyi Torr. &
A. Gray – Buckley's Goldenrod
Solidago caesia L. – Wreath Goldenrod
Solidago calcicola Fernald – Limestone Goldenrod
Solidago californica Nutt. –
California Goldenrod
Solidago canadensis L. – Canadian Goldenrod
Solidago curtisii Torr. &
A. Gray – Mountain Decumbent Goldenrod
Solidago cutleri Fernald – Cutler's Alpine Goldenrod
Solidago deamii Fernald – Deam's Goldenrod
Solidago discoidea Elliot – Rayless Mock Goldenrod
Solidago erecta Pursh – Showy Goldenrod
Solidago fistulosa Mill. –
Pine Barren Goldenrod
Solidago flaccidifolia Small – Mountain Goldenrod
Solidago flexicaulis L. – Zigzag Goldenrod
Solidago gattingeri Chapm.
ex A. Gray – Gattinger's Goldenrod
Solidago gigantea Aiton – Giant Goldenrod
Solidago glomerata Michx. –
Clustered Goldenrod
Solidago gracillima Torr. &
A. Gray – Virginia Goldenrod
Solidago guiradonis A. Gray – Guirado Goldenrod
Solidago hispida Muhl.
ex Willd. –
Hairy Goldenrod
Solidago juliae G.L. Nesom – Julia's Goldenrod
Solidago juncea Aiton – Early Goldenrod
Solidago lancifolia Torr. &
A. Gray – Lance-leaf Goldenrod
Solidago latissimifolia Mill. –
Elliott's Goldenrod
Solidago leavenworthii Torr. &
A. Gray – Leavenworth's Goldenrod
Solidago ludoviciana (A. Gray) Small – Louisiana Goldenrod
Solidago macrophylla Pursh – Largeleaf Goldenrod
Solidago missouriensis Nutt. –
Missouri Goldenrod
Solidago mollis Bartlett – Velvety Goldenrod
Solidago multiradiata Aiton – Rocky Mountain Goldenrod
Solidago nana Nutt. –
Baby Goldenrod
Solidago nemoralis Aiton – Gray Goldenrod
Solidago odora Aiton – Anisescented Goldenrod
Solidago ouachitensis C.E.S. Taylor & R.J. Taylor – Ouachita Mountain Goldenrod
Solidago patula Muhl.
Roundleaf Goldenrod
Solidago petiolaris Aiton – Downy Ragged Goldenrod
Solidago pinetorum Small – Small's Goldenrod
Solidago plumosa Small – Plumed Goldenrod
Solidago porteri Small – Porter's Goldenrod
Solidago puberula Nutt. –
Downy Goldenrod
Solidago pulchra Small – Carolina Goldenrod
Solidago radula Nutt. –
Western Rough Goldenrod
Solidago roanensis Porter – Roan Mountain Goldenrod
Solidago rugosa Mill. –
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod
Solidago rupestris Raf. –
Rock Goldenrod
Solidago sciaphila Steele – Shadowy Goldenrod
Solidago sempervirens L. – Seaside Goldenrod
Solidago shortii Torr. &
A. Gray – Short's Goldenrod
Solidago simplex Kunth – Mt. Albert Goldenrod
Solidago simulans Fernald – Fall Goldenrod
Solidago speciosa Nutt. –
Showy Goldenrod
Solidago sphacelata Raf. –
Autumn Goldenrod
Solidago spithamaea M.A. Curtis – Blue Ridge Goldenrod
Solidago squarrosa Nutt. –
Stout Goldenrod
Solidago stricta Aiton – Wand Goldenrod
Solidago tortifolia Elliot – Twistleaf Goldenrod
Solidago uliginosa Nutt. –
Bog Goldenrod
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl.
Elmleaf Goldenrod
Solidago velutina DC. –
Threenerve Goldenrod
Solidago verna M.A. Curtis ex Torr. &
A. Gray – Springflowering Goldenrod
Solidago villosicarpa LeBlond – Hairy-seed Goldenrod
Solidago wrightii A. Gray – Wright's Goldenrod
Solidago at USDA PLANTS Database
"The Call of the Simpsons" is the seventh episode of the first season of The Simpsons.
It was first shown on February 18, 1990.
Albert Brooks made his first guest appearance on The Simpsons in this episode as the voice of Cowboy Bob.
In this episode, Homer buys an RV and the Simpsons family set off for a vacation in the wild.
By mistake driving it off the edge of a cliff, the family is trapped in the woods.
As Homer and Bart try to find a way back to home, Homer gets himself covered in mud and is mistakenly taken for Bigfoot by a naturalist.
The news about "Bigfoot" spread quickly and Bigfoot hunters start to close in on the woods to capture Homer.
Brunswick is a town in Rensselaer County, New York, United States that was first settled in the early 1700s.
During its history, it had been part of Albany County, Rensselaerswyck, and Troy, before its incorporation in 1807.
It is bordered on the west by the city of Troy; on the north by Schaghticoke and Pittstown; on the east by Grafton; and on the south by Poestenkill and North Greenbush.
The number of people living there was 11,664 at the 2000 census.
The story of the town's name is fought: some say it comes from the source of its first people who lived in Germany, Brunswick-Lüneburg, while others say that it honors the "Duke of Brunswick (George I).
The town was in the past agricultural, but began experiencing suburban sprawl in the later decades of the 20th century, which continues today.
Historically, most of the developments have happened around the town's two major crowded roads: New York Route 7 and New York Route 2, known locally as Hoosick Road and Brunswick Road.
Brunswick became a popular place to settle in upon the completion of the local highway system in the Capital District, mostly the fix of Route 7 into a four-lane highway in the 1980s.
The town has two listings on the National Register of Historic Places, both schoolhouses: Garfield School and the Little Red Schoolhouse.
And, it is home to a well-known cemetery, Forest Park Cemetery, right now under the power of the town.
It is known by urban legend as being one of the most haunted cemeteries in the United States.
A very small part of the historic Oakwood Cemetery, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and burial place of Samuel Wilson, a possible  namesake of Uncle Sam, remains within the northwestern part of the town.
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician and lawyer.
He was President (1965-1986) and Prime Minister (1978-1981) of the Republic of the Philippines.
He is a polarizing historical figure in both Philippines and the world.
Marcos established an authoritarian regime that came under criticism for corruption and for its suppression of democratic processes and dictatorial nature.
On the other hand, he achieved accomplishments most notably in infrastructure.
Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was born on September 11, 1917, in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
His parents Mariano Marcos and Josefa Edralin, were both teachers from important families.
He studied law at the University of the Philippines and later on top the bar examinations for lawyers.,
during which he was accused of assassinating his father's political rival.
He represented himself as his own lawyer and he was later acquitted by the Supreme Court.
During World War II, Marcos claimed that he had been the leader of Ang Maharlika, guerrilla force in northern Luzon.
After the war, he was Ilocos Norte Representative (1949-1959) and as Senator of the Philippines (1958-1965).
He was also Senate President (1963-1965) and then went on to become the President of the Philippines.
However, in other side, he may be the one of the most corrupt leaders such as Suharto or Kim Il-Sung or Kim Jong Il due to atrocities.
A few years later, national problems like the insurgency by the communist movement and rebellion arose during his presidency: He declared Martial Law in September 1972 to institute peace and order and discipline.
His style of leadership soon became dictatorial.
Government greed, government bullying, despotism, nepotism, and violation of human rights abuses were abundant.
The nation's masses who went against the government were sent to prison, tortured, raped or killed.
People could not express themselves freely unless it was in favor of the Marcos family.
In 1983, he was accused in the assassination of his main rival and challenger, politician Benigno Aquino, Jr. but until today the killer remain unknown.
The death of Benigno Aquino, Jr. caused many events, like a wrongful president vote.
People became angry after and kicked him out with the help of the US during the peaceful EDSA revolution in February 1986.
He and his wife Imelda Marcos were accused to have stolen billions of dollars of government funds and had it secretly sent to bank accounts in the United States, Switzerland, and other countries, as well as into fake companies under his name.
However, until today Imelda Marcos was never sent to prison nor found guilty of stealing billions of dollars of government money and she remains free and was even elected in congress representing her home province of Leyte.
Her son Ferdinand Marcos was back into politics and became a senator of the Philippines while her daughter Imee Marcos is currently the governor of Ilocos Norte.
By 1983 Marcos’s health was beginning to fail, and opposition to his rule was growing.
Hoping to present an alternative to both Marcos and the increasingly powerful New People’s Army, Benigno Aquino, Jr., returned to Manila on August 21, 1983, only to be shot dead as he stepped off the airplane.
The assassination was seen as the work of the government and touched off massive antigovernment protests.
An independent commission appointed by Marcos concluded in 1984 that high military officers were responsible for Aquino’s assassination.
To reassert his mandate, Marcos called for presidential elections to be held in 1986.
But a formidable political opponent soon emerged in Aquino’s widow, Corazon Aquino, who became the presidential candidate of the opposition.
It was widely asserted that Marcos managed to defeat Aquino and retain the presidency in the election of February 7, 1986, only through massive voting fraud on the part of Marcos' supporters.
Deeply discredited at home and abroad by his dubious electoral victory, Marcos held fast to his presidency as the Philippine military split between supporters of his and of Aquino’s legitimate right to the presidency.
A tense standoff that ensued between the two sides ended only when Marcos fled the country on February 25, 1986, at U.S. urging.
He went into exile in Hawaii, where he remained until his death.
Evidence emerged that during his years in power Marcos, his family, and his close associates had looted the Philippines’ economy of billions of dollars through embezzlements and other corrupt practices.
Marcos and his wife were subsequently indicted by the U.S. government on racketeering charges, but in 1990 (after Marcos’s death) Imelda was acquitted of all charges by a federal court.
She was allowed to return to the Philippines in 1991, and in 1993 a Philippine court found her guilty of corruption (the conviction was overturned in 1998).
During the people Power EDSA revolution he was flown to Hawaii by a US plane instead of going to his hometown Paoay, Ilocos Norte.
President Marcos died in Hawaii of heart, kidney and lung diseases.
He was brought back to the Philippines and his remains still lie in a refrigerated crypt in Batac, Ilocos Norte until today because the current administration refuses to grant the former president a burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani where other former presidents of the Philippines who died are buried.
Filipino Roman Catholics
Presidents of the Philippines
Prime Ministers of the Philippines
Charles William Foster, Jr. (April 12, 1828 – January 9, 1904) was a U.S. Republican politician from Ohio.
Foster was the 35th Governor of Ohio, and later the Secretary of the Treasury under Benjamin Harrison.
Foster was born near Tiffin, Ohio, and was raised in Rome.
This town would merge in 1854 with the town of Risdon to become Fostoria in honor of Foster's father.
He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1870, serving from 1871 to 1879.
In 1878, he failed getting re-elected, but was elected to the post of Governor of Ohio one year later.
He served two two-year terms between 1880 and 1884.
In 1890, Foster tried returning to the House, but was unsuccessful.
In 1891, Benjamin Harrison made him Secretary of the Treasury due to the death of William Windom.
Foster served till 1893 in that position.
Jefferson, Alberta
Jefferson, Colorado
Jefferson, Indiana
Jefferson, Kansas
Jeffersontown, Kentucky, originally known as Jefferson
Jefferson, Louisiana
Jefferson, Maine
Jefferson, Maryland
Jefferson, Massachusetts, a village in the town of Holden
Jefferson, Minnesota
Jefferson, New York
Jefferson, Oregon
Jefferson, Pennsylvania:
Jefferson Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Jefferson, York County, Pennsylvania
Jefferson, South Carolina
Jefferson, West Virginia
Jefferson, Wisconsin:
Jefferson, Wisconsin, a city
Jefferson, Green County, Wisconsin, a town
Jefferson, Monroe County, Wisconsin, a town
Jefferson, Vernon County, Wisconsin, a town
Jefferson, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, a town
Jefferson Junction, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
Jefferson (surname)
Jefferson (given name)
The Jeffersons, 1975-1985 American sitcom
Jefferson Ward or Jeffersons, a discount department store chain operated by Montgomery Ward until 1988
Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C.
Jefferson River, a tributary of the Missouri River in North America
Jefferson Township
Jefferson Park
Jefferson Pools, near Warm Springs, Virginia
Jefferson Airplane or Jefferson Starship, a band
Perry Como (May 18, 1912 – May 12, 2001) was an American singer.
He was born to Italian parents in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania.
He hosted a television show The Perry Como Show in the 1950s and 1960s.
Como gave credit to Bing Crosby for his singing style.
The Kennedy Center honored Como in 1987.
This Is Spinal Tap is a 1984 comedy movie.
This movie pretends to be a documentary.
It pretends to tell the story of a rock band called "Spinal Tap."
In the movie, the members of this band are David St. Hubbins, Derek Smalls and Nigel Tufnel.
They are played by actors Michael McKean, Harry Shearer, and  Christopher Guest.
Rob Reiner directed the movie and also acted in it.
He pretended to be Marty DiBergi, director of the documentary.
Michael McKean as David St. Hubbins
Christopher Guest as Nigel Tufnell (Tuffy)
Harry Shearer as Derek Smalls
Rob Reiner as Marty DiBergi
Tony Hendra as Ian Faith
David Kaff as Viv Savage
R.J. Parnell, (drummer for Atomic Rooster), as Mick Shrimpton
June Chadwick as Jeanine Pettibone
Bruno Kirby as limo driver Tommy Pischedda
Ed Begley, Jr. as John "Stumpy" Pepys
Danny Kortchmar as Ronnie Pudding
Fran Drescher as Bobbi Flekman
Patrick Macnee as Sir Denis Eton-Hogg
Julie Payne as mime waitress
Dana Carvey as mime waiter
Sandy Helberg as Angelo DiMentibelio
Zane Buzby as Rolling Stone reporter
Billy Crystal as Morty the Mime
Paul Benedict as Tucker "Smitty" Brown
Howard Hesseman as Terry Ladd
Paul Shortino as Duke Fame
Lara Cody as Duke Fame's groupie
Andrew J. Lederer as student promoter
Russ Kunkel as doomed drummer Eric "Stumpy Joe" Childs
Vicki Blue as Cindy
Joyce Hyser as Belinda
Gloria Gifford as the airport security officer with the wand
Paul Shaffer as incompetent promoter Artie Fufkin (Polymer Records)
Archie Hahn as the room service guy
Charles Levin as Disc 'n' Dat manager
Anjelica Huston as Polly Deutsch
Fred Willard as the Lieutenant on the Air Force base
1984 comedy movies
A documentary is a creative work of non-fiction.
It documents (creates a record of) a true story.
A documentary may be a video or audio recording, such as a movie or radio program.
The purpose of a documentary is to tell the story behind the news.
News programs tell what has happened, documentaries explain why and how something happened.
Compare, for example, the difference between the result of an election (news) with an analysis of how and why that election was won and lost.
Or, between the result of a sporting event and a discussion of how and why the result happened.
The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a buzzard.
Sometimes it is called a chickenhawk,  though it does not normally eat chickens.
It is a bird of prey.
It breeds throughout most of North America, from western Alaska and northern Canada and as far south as Panama and the West Indies.
It weighs from  to  and its wingspan goes from  to .
The red-tailed hawk is a carnivore and eats shrews and mice.
They have keen eyesight to see even the smallest mouse scamper across a field.
It can swoop down at least 80mph per hour.
It will pick up its prey, dig its talons into its body and kill it and eat.
It can swoop down so fast that it can pick up its prey in less than 5 seconds.
Because they are so common and easily trained, most hawks got for falconry in the United States are red-tails.
Falconers may take only 'passage hawks' (which have left the nest, are on their own, but are less than a year old).
This is so not to affect the breeding population.
Adults, which may be breeding or rearing chicks, may not be taken for falconry purposes and it is illegal to do so.
Hurricane Emily was a very strong hurricane that occurred in the month of July in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.
Hurricane Emily is the only known category 5 hurricane in the month of July.
Emily also broke the record for the strongest hurricane, just days after Hurricane Dennis had done so.
Hurricane Emily was also one of four category 5 hurricane in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.
Hurricane Emily affected many countries, this includes: the countries in the Windward Islands, Jamaica, Honduras, Cayman Islands, Mexico (twice), and Texas a state in the United States.
The hurricane caused about $988 million in damage and killed 15 people.
Even though all of this happened, the name Emily was not retired, so it was used again in 2011.
On July 10, Tropical Depression Six started.
Late the next day the depression became a tropical storm, it got the name Emily, making it Tropical Storm Emily.
The storm headed west toward the Windward Islands.
Tropical Storm Emily slowly and then quickly got stronger.
Emily became a hurricane, shortly before striking  Grenada on July 14 with winds at 90 mph.
After Emily left the island, it got stronger, which caused it to became a category 2, and a category 3 not long later.
Over the next day, Hurricane Emily got stronger and weaker.
On July 16, Hurricane Emily reached its highest strength, becoming a category 5 for a short moment and getting winds at 160 mph.
After this, Emily weakened just a little, keeping it at a strong category 4.
Hurricane Emily made landfall in Cozumel and the Yucatan Peninsula on July 18, while still a category 4.
The hurricane weakened a lot over the Yucatan Peninsula, going back into the Gulf of Mexico while barely a category 1.
It slowly got stronger as it crossed the Gulf of Mexico.
The hurricane did not really get any stronger until it was about half way to its next landfall.
Hurricane Emily made its final landfall in Tamaulipas, Mexico as a category 3, on July 20.
The hurricane died the next day over Mexico.
Hurricane Emily caused a lot of damage, nearly $1 billion worth, and about 15 people got killed.
Most of this happened in Mexico, because it got struck twice by Emily.
Damage in Mexico was near $632 million.
While just over $178 million in damage happened in Texas.
Even though all of this happened, the name Emily did not get retired in the spring of 2006.
So, the name Emily was used again in 2011.
Emily is the fourth category 5 hurricane not to get its name retired.
Report from the National Hurricane Center on Hurricane Emily
Born in Pike County, Indiana, and raised in Evansville, he was a lawyer.
During the American Civil War, he was a general officer for the Union.
The Civil war ended in 1865.
Between 1865 and 1869, Foster worked as a journalist for the Evansville Daily Journal.
After that, he was the U.S. Minister to Mexico (1873-1880), Russia (1880-1881) and Spain (1883-1885).
He was U.S. Secretary of State under President Benjamin Harrison from 1892-1893.
In 1895, he helped the Qing Dynasty in drafting the Treaty of Shimonoseki of 1895.
He worked for the Chinese as a legal consultant and commissioner.
His grandchildren included John Foster Dulles, who also became a U.S. Secretary of State, Allen Welsh Dulles, a Director of Central Intelligence, and Eleanor Lansing Dulles, economist and diplomat.
He is also the great-grandfather of the Catholic theologian Cardinal Avery Dulles.
1892-1893: Secretary of State John Watson Foster
John W. Foster profile at Internet Accuracy Project
Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico
Lawyers from Indiana
Politicians from Indiana
Ambassadors of the United States to Russia
Australian trees in the genus Brachychiton;
The plant species Hibiscus tiliaceus;
Kurrajong, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney;
Kurrajong, Western Australia, a ghost town in Western Australia.
Sauropelta was an armoured dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous.
It looked a lot like its more advanced relative Ankylosaurus, but didn't have the bony nodes at the end of its tail.
Anatomically, Sauropelta is one of the best-understood nodosaurids, with fossilized remains recovered in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Montana, and possibly Utah.
It is also the earliest known genus of nodosaurid; most of its remains date to about 115 to 110 million years ago.
It was a medium-sized nodosaurid, measuring about 5 meters (16.5 ft) long.
Sauropelta had a distinctively long tail which made up about half of its body length.
Although its body was smaller than a modern black rhinoceros, Sauropelta was about the same mass, weighing in at about 1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb).
The extra weight was largely due to its extensive armour, including the large spines projecting from its neck.
As in other ankylosaurs, thick triangular scutes projected above and behind the eyes, as well as below and behind the eyes.
More typically for nodosaurids, leaf-shaped teeth lined both upper and lower jaws, used for cutting plant material.
The front end of the skull is unknown, but there would have been a keratinous beak.
Ouranosaurus was a sail-backed, plant-eating, iguanodontid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous period.
It was about 24 feet (7 m) long and may have weighed about 4 tons.
Two almost complete Ouranosaurus fossils were found in the southern Sahara Desert, in northeast Niger, in 1966.
Spinosaurus, a large, sail-backed meat-eater, was one of its contemporaries in the hot, Cretaceous environment of north Africa.
Ouranosaurus was named by the French paleontologist Phillippe Taquet in 1976.
Sun Jihai (born 30 September 1977) is a Chinese football player.
|1995||rowspan="4"|Dalian Wanda||rowspan="4"|Jia-A League||13||0||||||||||||||13||0
|1996||21||0||||||||||||||21||0
|1997||19||0||||||||||||||19||0
|1998||18||1||||||||||||||18||1
|1998/99||Crystal Palace||First Division||23||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|1999||Dalian Wanda||Jia-A League||8||1||||||||||||||8||1
|2000||rowspan="2"|Dalian Shide||rowspan="2"|Jia-A League||21||2||||||||||||||21||2
|2001||23||3||||||||||||||23||3
|2001/02||rowspan="7"|Manchester City||First Division||7||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|2002/03||rowspan="6"|Premier League||28||2||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||31||2
|2003/04||33||1||3||0||1||0||5||1||42||2
|2004/05||6||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|2005/06||29||0||4||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|2006/07||13||0||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|2007/08||14||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|2008/09||Sheffield United||First Division||12||0||4||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|2009||Chengdu Blades||Super League||10||0||||||||||||||10||0
|2010||Shaanxi Zhongjian Chanba||Super League||||||||||||||||||||
Total||76||1
Johan Micoud (born 24 July 1973) is a former French football player.
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|Cannes||Division 2||28||2
|1993/94||rowspan="3"|Division 1||34||3
|1995/96||32||5
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="4"|Division 1||36||8
|1998/99||31||9
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Parma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||29||4
|2001/02||18||5
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||28||5
|2004/05||33||8
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||32||5
|2007/08||29||5
People from Cannes
Péguy Luyindula (born 25 May 1979) is a French football player.
He plays for Paris Saint-Germain and France national team.
|1997/98||Chamois Niortais||Division 2||27||8
|1998/99||rowspan="4"|Strasbourg||rowspan="3"|Division 1||18||0
|2000/01||31||7
|2001/02||Division 2||6||5
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Olympique Lyonnais||Division 1||21||6
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||33||11
|2003/04||37||16
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||35||10
|2005/06||Auxerre||Ligue 1||33||10
|2006/07||Levante||La Liga||10||0
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="4"|Ligue 1||14||3
|2002||Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 2||23||12||0||0||23||12
|1997||rowspan="2"|Flamengo||rowspan="2"|Série A||20||1||||||||||20||1
|1998||12||1||||||||||12||1
|1998||Botafogo||Série A||12||1||||||||||12||1
|1999||Flamengo||Série A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|1999/00||Galatasaray||First League||9||0||||||||||9||0
|2000||rowspan="2"|Flamengo||rowspan="2"|Série A||1||0||||||||||1||0
|2001||0||0||||||||||0||0
|2001||Sport Recife||Série A||3||0||||||||||3||0
|2002||São Caetano||Série A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|2002||rowspan="2"|Guarani||rowspan="2"|Série A||18||1||||||||||18||1
|2003||41||1||||||||||41||1
|2004||Cruzeiro||Série A||14||0||||||||||14||0
|2005||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||33||0||4||1||8||1||45||2
|2006||23||0||1||0||7||0||31||0
|2007||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 2||43||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||43||1
|2008||rowspan="2"|Tokyo||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||4||2||6||2
|2009||23||0||3||1||8||0||34||1
Erison Carlos dos Santos Silva (born 22 May 1980) is a Brazilian football player.
He plays for Avaí.
|2000||rowspan="5"|Corinthians Paulista||rowspan="5"|Série A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|2001||4||0||||||||||4||0
|2002||2||0||||||||||2||0
|2003||18||0||||||||||18||0
|2004||Atlético Paranaense||Série A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|2005||São Caetano||Série A||31||3||||||||||31||3
|2006||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||20||2||1||0||5||1||26||3
|2007||Ponte Preta||Série B||30||5||||||||||30||5
|2008||Busan I'Park||K-League||17||0||||||||||17||0
|2009||Avaí||Série A||||||||||||||||
|1995/96||OFK Beograd||First League||0||0
|1996/97||Espanyol Barcelona||La Liga||3||0
|1996/97||Almería||Segunda División||0||0
|1997/98||Greuther Fürth||2.
|1998/99||Hapoel Petah Tikva||Liga Leumit||11||0
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|OFK Beograd||rowspan="2"|First League||4||2
|1999/00||Sartid||First League||10||7
|2000/01||Antalyaspor||First League||18||3
|2001||Fluminense||Série A||13||3
|2001/02||OFK Beograd||First League||1||0
|2002||Coritiba||Série A||0||0
|2002/03||Widzew Łódź||Ekstraklasa||18||1
|2003/04||OFK Beograd||First League||7||2
|2004||Incheon United||K-League||11||4
|2004||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||4||1
|2005||Irtysh Pavlodar||Premier League||6||1
|2005/06||Metalurh Zaporizhya||Premier League||10||2
|2006/07||Al-Ahli Jeddah||Professional League||||
|2006/07||OFK Beograd||Superliga||||
|2007||Dalian Shide||Super League||||
|2008||Harbin Yiteng||League One||||
|2008/09||Pandurii Târgu Jiu||Liga I||||
|2009/10||Internaţional Curtea Argeş||Liga I||||
|1994||rowspan="4"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||27||1||4||0||3||0||34||1
|1996||12||0||2||0||0||0||14||0
|1998||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||16||0||1||0||1||0||18||0
|1999||rowspan="4"|Mito Hollyhock||Football League||15||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|2000||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||26||0||3||0||0||0||29||0
|2001||27||0||3||0||0||0||30||0
|2002||31||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||34||1
|1998||Yokohama Flügels||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|1999||rowspan="7"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||9||0||2||0||2||0||13||0
|2001||J. League 2||20||2||4||0||1||0||25||2
|2002||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||13||1||0||0||3||0||16||1
|2003||8||0||1||0||2||0||11||0
|2004||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||18||1||1||2||colspan="2"|-||19||3
|2005||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2006||Tokushima Vortis||J. League 2||18||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|2007||rowspan="2"|Sagawa Printing||rowspan="2"|Football League||19||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||1
Michael Rensing (born 14 May 1984) is a German football player.
He is goalkeeper and plays for 1.
|2003/04||rowspan="7"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="7"|Bundesliga||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|2004/05||4||0||2||0||0||0||6||0
|2005/06||6||0||1||0||0||0||7||0
|2006/07||1||0||2||0||1||0||4||0
|2007/08||10||0||1||0||6||0||17||0
|2008/09||26||0||4||0||7||0||37||0
Mehmet Tobias Scholl (born 16 October 1970) is a former German football player.
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Karlsruhe||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||3||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|1990/91||27||6||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||6
|1991/92||28||4||2||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||5
|1992/93||rowspan="15"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="15"|Bundesliga||31||7||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||7
|1993/94||27||11||2||1||colspan="2"|-||4||1||33||13
|1994/95||31||9||1||0||1||0||10||3||43||12
|1995/96||30||10||2||0||colspan="2"|-||11||5||43||15
|1996/97||23||5||3||1||colspan="2"|-||2||0||28||6
|1997/98||32||9||6||2||2||0||8||0||48||11
|1998/99||13||4||2||0||0||0||3||0||18||4
|1999/00||25||6||3||1||2||0||12||3||42||10
|2000/01||29||9||1||1||2||1||16||5||48||16
|2001/02||18||6||3||1||0||0||2||0||23||7
|2002/03||18||4||4||0||1||0||4||0||27||4
|2003/04||5||0||2||1||1||0||1||0||9||1
|2004/05||20||3||2||1||0||0||5||1||27||5
|2005/06||18||3||3||2||0||0||6||0||27||5
|2006/07||14||1||1||0||1||0||4||0||20||1
Rudolf Skácel (born 17 July 1979) is a Czech football player.
He plays for Larissas and Czech Republic national team.
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Hradec Králové||Gambrinus liga||3||0
|2000/01||2.
Liga||16||2
|2001/02||Gambrinus liga||18||6
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Slavia Prague||rowspan="3"|Gambrinus liga||12||3
|2002/03||28||8
|2003/04||5||2
|2003/04||Olympique Marseille||Ligue 1||20||1
|2004/05||Panathinaikos||Super League||16||1
|2005/06||Heart of Midlothian||Premier League||35||16
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Southampton||rowspan="2"|League Championship||35||3
|2007/08||Hertha Berlin||Bundesliga||16||2
|2008/09||Southampton||League Championship||28||1
|2009/10||Slavia Prague||Gambrinus liga||5||3
|2003||1||1
Martin Jørgensen (born 6 October 1975) is a Danish football player.
He plays for Aarhus and Denmark national team.
|1993/94||rowspan="4"|Aarhus||rowspan="4"|Superliga||6||2
|1994/95||21||4
|1997/98||rowspan="7"|Udinese||rowspan="7"|Serie A||21||2
|2001/02||19||6
|2003/04||34||3
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Fiorentina||rowspan="6"|Serie A||30||3
|2005/06||37||7
|2008/09||10||0
|2009/10||13||0
|2009/10||Aarhus||Superliga||||
Total||93||12
Fernando Couto (born 2 August 1969) is a former Portuguese football player.
|1987/88||Porto||Portuguese Liga||1||0
|1988/89||Famalicão||||||
|1989/90||Académica Coimbra||Liga Honra||||
|1990/91||rowspan="4"|Porto||rowspan="4"|Portuguese Liga||25||3
|1991/92||32||2
|1992/93||26||4
|1993/94||23||1
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Parma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||27||4
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||26||0
|1998/99||rowspan="7"|Lazio||rowspan="7"|Serie A||22||2
|2000/01||18||0
|2003/04||23||3
|2004/05||24||3
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Parma||rowspan="3"|Serie A||23||0
|2007/08||17||0
Total||110||8
is a Japanese girl group.
They are what is known as an "idol group", although they have distanced themselves from the "idol" stereotype.
Most of their songs are happy songs with upbeat music, but they have sad and angry songs too.
The group can also be called .
They are the most important group in the Hello!
Project company.
The group is managed by Tsunku, who writes all the lyrics and most of the music the songs, and even produces them.
They were the best-selling female group in Japan for several years, but their sales dropped quite a lot later on, perhaps due to the loss of certain popular members, or because of decisions made by Tsunku or someone else at Hello!
Project or their management company Up-Front Works.
In the past couple of years, however, they have regained some of their popularity in Japan, and they have also gained more foreign fans.
In late 1997, in Japan,a male singer-songwriter called Tsunku, held a contest to find a girl to be the lead singer of the band Sharam Q, which he was the frontman of.
A lot of young girls came to the contest, and some of them became finalists.
There is where Tsunku came up with the idea of making a girl group.
This new group was called Morning Musume (Morning Daughters).
The group was formed by Kaori Iida, Yuko Nakazawa, Asuka Fukuda, Aya Ishiguro and Natsumi Abe.
They became known as the "First Generation" of the group.
There have now been twelve of these "Generations".
Most of these "Generations" have a few members.
But the Third, Seventh and Twelfth Generations only had one member each.
From the start, the songs performed by these girls sold well.
They became very famous in Japan (their fame later reached other countries too, thanks to their fans on the World Wide Web), and Tsunku formed other small groups inspired by Morning Musume.
He created Hello!Project to hold them all.
Over time, when the girls become older and mature, they usually graduate from the group (but they can be kicked out for not behaving in the way that idols are supposed to behave).
After that, they usually become soloists or models.
New girls apply for a spot in the group whenever auditions are held.
Thousands of girls apply, but very few make it in.
Current (as of November 2021)
* All colour values are approximate
First generation (1997)
Yuko Nakazawa (中澤裕子, graduated April 15, 2001) – First leader
Aya Ishiguro (石黒彩, graduated January 7, 2000)
Kaori Iida (飯田圭織, graduated January 30, 2005) – Second leader
Natsumi Abe (安倍なつみ, graduated January 25, 2004) – "Ace"
Asuka Fukuda (福田明日香, graduated April 18, 1999)
Second generation (1998)
Kei Yasuda (保田圭, graduated May 5, 2003)
Mari Yaguchi (矢口真里, left April 14, 2005) – Third leader
Sayaka Ichii (市井紗耶香, graduated May 21, 2000)
Third generation (1999)
Maki Goto (後藤真希, graduated September 23, 2002) – "Ace"
Fourth generation (2000)
Rika Ishikawa (石川梨華, graduated May 7, 2005) – "Ace"
Hitomi Yoshizawa (吉澤ひとみ, graduated May 6, 2007) – Fourth leader