the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
On 29 January 2009, Contostavlos was arrested after he someone said he was saying he would kill someone while he had a gun.
He said this is not true.
The police searched his Camden home looking for a gun.
Three days later (Saturday 31 January) he was taken off a British Airways flight from Edinburgh to London by police after it landed, with fellow N-Dubz performer Fazer, after appearing to be acting disorderly.
A source said: "They were swearing at kids on the plane, being foul and threatening passengers.
Cabin crew called ahead to the police, who were waiting when the plane landed.
They were taken away by armed officers."
His 2008 drunkenness has caused problems in January 2010 when he applied for a visa to the United States.
He has since been allowed a visa.
English rap musicians
Grime music artists
Sepals are one of the four basic parts of a flower.
They are found below the petals.
The sepals are often small and green.
Some flowers do not have petals.
Then the sepals may be big and colorful.
In some flowers, the petals and sepals look the same.
They are both called tepals.
The number of sepals is different for different flowers.
Both petals and sepals surround the reproductive parts inside the flower.
The term for sepals plus petals is the perianth.
The main job of the sepals is to keep the parts of the flower safe before it opens.
They are usually green and leaf-like
A cotyledon, or seed leaf, is a leaf that is stored in a seed.
When the seed sprouts, the cotyledons are the first leaves that the plant has.
Monocot plants have only one cotyledon, and other plants have two.
Cotyledons often look very different from the other leaves, so they are not called true leaves.
Plants use cotyledons to make sugars through photosynthesis.
They use the sugars to keep true leaves growing.
After a while, the cotyledons often die because the plant does not need them anymore.
Arriva Fox County is a bus company which provides bus services in Leicester and Leicestershire.
It is part of Arriva Midlands, and a subsidiary of Arriva.
Arriva UK bus official site
Leicester Linx website
Sede do BankBoston is a skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil.
It is 145 meters (476 feet) tall and has 35 floors.
It was built in 2002, and is a modern skyscraper of Brazil and Latin America.
SkyscraperPage
Skyscrapers in Brazil
2002 establishments in South America
2000s establishments in Brazil
Amygdaloideae (often incorrectly called Prunoideae) is a subfamily of flowering plants.
This subfamily is placed within the family Rosaceae.
Since 2011 there has been a big change in how the name of this subfamily is used.
Before 2011, the only plants in this subfamily were the stone fruits such as plums, peaches, and almonds.
Now the subfamily includes all of the family Rosaceae except the subfamilies Rosoideae and Dryadoideae.
Commercially important members of the Amygdaloideae include plum, apple, spiraea, cherries, :medlars, and many others.
Centrebus operate a network of routes in Leicestershire, England.
Many Centrebus managers came from Arriva's UK and European bus operations.
In September 2008, Centrebus purchased Woods Coaches' and there vehicles
Centrebus website
Vasily Chuykov (February 12, 1900 – March 18, 1982) was a Soviet military leader.
A Power Purchasing Agreement (PPA) is a legal contract between a electricity provider and a land owner.
The contract allows the electricity provider to produce power on the land owner's land or roof and the land owner buys the electricity primarily from the electricity provider.
This deal is often done using solar technology, where the electricity provider will install, operate, and maintain solar panels on the land owner's roof.
Then the land owner will buy the electricity from the solar panels on the roof.
Part of the PPA is to set a price for the electrcity (often lower than the previous price the land owner was paying for power line electrcity).
If the solar panels do not provide enough electricity for the land owner, then he will buy the rest of his electrcity from the power lines.
If the electricity provider creates more electricity than the land owner needs, then he will sell the excess to the power lines.
Schools and government buildings often like to do power purchasing agreements because they do not have the money to install solar panals on their roof.
Large department stores also like to do power purchasing agreements because they have large roofs and do not want to deal with the costs of installing and maintaining panels.
Power Purchasing agreements tend to last 5 – 20 years.
At the end of the PPA, either the contract is extended, the solar panels are removed from the property, or the land owner buys the solar panels from the electricity provider.
Power Purchasing agreements have been very important to the expansion of solar electricity use in the United States.
Investment tax credits from the federal and state governments have helped make the price of solar panels affordable for the providing companies.
The tax credit can help pay for significant percentage of the project cost in some cases.
SunEdison
Tioga Energy
Recurrent Energy
SunRun Inc
SunPower Corporation
The Pioneer plaques were a pair of plaques that were launched into deep space on Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11.
The same image is on both plaques.
The image is made up of many parts.
There is a diagram of the change in spin of the electron of a hydrogen particle.
This diagram is meant to set up a universal unit of length and a universal unit of time for the rest of the image.
There is a crude map of our solar system showing a spacecraft leaving the third planet, Earth.
There have been negative reactions about the arrow showing the trajectory of the spacescraft.
Alien species may not understand the human concept of a line and arrow.
There is pattern of lines that looks like a star burst design.
There are 15 lines.
14 of the lines have a long binary number engraved along it.
The binary numbers are distances.
The distances are not in meters or kilometers, but in the universal unit of distance given by the hydrogen particle diagram.
The 14 lines give the distance from the sun to 14 pulsars.
The 15th line gives the distance from the sun to the center of the galaxy.
Clube Atlético Mineiro is a Brazilian football club.
Atletico Mineiro was founded in 1908 in the city of Belo Horizonte, where the team plays.
The team has Galo (rooster) as its mascot, for this reason the club is also known simply as Galo.
Atletico Mineiro is one of the most traditional football clubs in Brazil, being the first champion of the modern version of the Brazilian Football Championhsip.
The most important achievement of the club was the Copa Libertadores de America in 2013, which is regarded as the most important tournament in South America.
Copa Libertadores 1
CONMEBOL Cup 2
(1992, 1997)
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A 1
Campeonato Mineiro 43
(1915, 1926, 1927, 1931, 1932, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1962, 1963, 1970, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015)
A rooster with plenty to crow about
1908 establishments in South America
Série A : 3
Série A : 1
Clube de Regatas do Flamengo (; English: Flamengo Rowing Club), commonly referred to as Flamengo, is a Brazilian sports club based in Rio de Janeiro, in the neighbourhood of Gávea, best known for their professional football team.
Flamengo is the only team in the World to have 40 million fans within its country, therefore, it is the most popular club in the Americas.
Football honours
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense is a football club which plays in Brazil.
World championship : 1
Copa Libertadores da América : 3
Série A : 2
Copa do Brasil : 5
1903 establishments in South America
Coritiba Foot Ball Club is a football club which plays Curitiba in Paraná state, Brazil.
It was founded in 1909 and currently plays in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.
Coritiba was founded on October 12, 1909.
The team had many state, national and international titles.
The highest moment in Coritiba history was in 1985, when it was champion of Brasileirão.
Although best known for football, Coritiba is first team in South Brazil which supports American Football.
Coritiba and Barigui Crocodiles founded Coritiba Crocodiles.
Coritiba Crocodiles is a four-time state champion and two-time champion of the south conference.
Name: Estádio Major Antônio Couto Pereira
Capacity: 37,182 (biggest in Paraná State)
Address: Rua Ubaldino do Amaral, 37
Record attendance: (General) – 70,000 (Pope John Paul II, 1980) [11], (Game) – The stadium's attendance record in a football match is 65,943, set on May 15, 1983 when Atlético-PR(Coritiba's main rival) beat Flamengo 2–0.
Field dimensions:
Year opened: 1932
The stadium was founded as Belfort Duarte.
Couto Pereira was the president of the club.
He was responsible for the stadium being built.
When he died in 1977, the stadium name was changed to Couto Pereira.
Coritiba's biggest rivals are Atlético Paranaense and Paraná Clube.
They are from the same city.
The games between Coritiba and Atlético-PR are called "Atlé-Tiba".
The games between Coritiba and Paraná is called "Para-Tiba".
The team colors are green and white.
These are the colors of the flag of Paraná state.
Founded on October 12, 1909, Coritiba was the oldest "green and white" team in Brazilian soccer, and one of the oldest of world.
The team kit
The current home kit is composed of a white shirt, with two green parallel horizontal stripes and black shorts and white socks.
The away kit is composed of a green and white vertical stripes shirt, black shorts and green socks.
These kits were adopted in 1976.
The official club anthem lyrics were written by Cláudio Ribeiro.
The music was composed by Homero Rébuli.
There is also an unofficial anthem, called "Coritiba Eterno Campeão" ("Coritiba Eternal Champion"), which was composed (both the lyrics and the music) by Francis Night.
A third anthem, with lyrics by Vinicius Coelho and music by Sebastião Lima, also calls the team the "eternal champion".
The club's mascot is an old man nicknamed Vovô Coxa (Grandpa Coxa).
It represents the club's tradition of being the oldest football club of Curitiba.
First match: Coritibano-Tiro Pontagrossense 0–1 (October 23, 1909)
First official match: Coritiba-Ponta Grossa 5–3 (June 12, 1910)
First goal scorer: Fritz Essenfelter
Biggest win (National Competitions): Coritiba-Ferroviário 7–1 (Couto Pereira, April 16, 1980), Coritiba-Desportiva-ES 7–1 (Couto Pereira, May 4, 1980) & Coritiba-Palmeiras 6–0 (Couto Pereira, May 5, 2011)
Heaviest defeat (national competitions): Grêmio-Coritiba 5–0 (Olímpico, February 29, 1984) & Palmeiras-Coritiba 5–0 (Parque Antártica, August 17, 1996)
Most appearances (any competition): Jairo – 440 (1971–77), (1984–87)
Record goal scorer: Duílio Dias – 202 (1954–64)
10's: Frederico "Fritz" Essenfelder – Maxambomba
20's: Ninho – Pizzatto – Staco
30's: Pizzattinho – Emílio – Rei
40's: Neno – Merlin – Tonico – Breyer
50's: Miltinho – Duílio – Fedato – Lanzoninho
60's: Krüger – Nico – Bequinha – Oberdan – Cláudio – Nilo – Dirceu – Paulo Vecchio
70's: Jairo – Tião Abatiá – Hidalgo – Aladim – Pedro Rocha – Zé Roberto – Paquito – Hermes – Pescuma – Dreyer – Duílio
80's: Rafael – Dida – Tostão – Lela – André – Índio – Toby – Heraldo – Almir – Marildo – Chicão – Ademir Alcântara- Milton- Vavá
90's: Alex – Pachequinho – Ronaldo Lobisomem – Reginaldo Nascimento – Cléber – Basílio – Auri – Paulo Sérgio – Brandão – Claudiomiro
00's: Keirrison – Tcheco – Rafinha – Adriano – Emerson- Edson Bastos – Leandro Donizete – Rafinha
First-team staff
Current technical staff
Blog do Torcedor do Coritiba – Official Supporter's Blog
Coxanautas
Império Alviverde
Copa do Brasil : 1
1905 establishments in South America
1931 establishments in Brazil
1904 establishments in South America
Club Athlético Paranaense is a football club which plays in Curitiba, Brazil.
Série A: 1
Club World Cup : 2
CONMEBOL Libertadores : 3
Série A : 8
Brazil Cup : 1
Santos FC official website
Joseph Karl Stieler (1 November 1781 — 9 April 1858) was a German painter.
He was born in Mainz.
His family were engravers and die-cutters.
He received some artistic training from his father, August Friedrich Stieler (1736-1789).
He began his career as a painter of miniatures.
In 1816, he traveled to Vienna and painted portrait of Emperor Francis I of Austria.
Between February and April 1820, he worked on his portrait of Beethoven, which is probably the most well-known representation of the composer today.
Season 1 (1986)
Ghosts Я Us
Mrs. Roger's Neighborhood
Slimer, Come Home
Troll Bridge
The Boogieman Cometh
Mr. Sandman, Dream Me A Dream
When Halloween Was Forever
Look Homeward, Ray
Citizen Ghost
Janine's Genie
X-mas Marks the Spots
Season 2 (1987)
Play Them Ragtime Boos
Sea Fright
The Spirit Of Aunt Lois
Adventures in Slime and Space
Night Game
Venkman's Ghost Repellers
The Old College Spirit
Ain't NASA-Sarily So
Who're You Calling Two-Dimensional?
A Fright at the Opera
Ghost Busted
Beneath These Streets
Boo-Dunit
Chicken, He Clucked
Banshee Bake a Cherry Pie?
Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Ghost
Hanging By a Thread
No One Comes to Lupusville
Drool, the Dog-Faced Goblin
The Man Who Never Reached Home
The Collect Call of Cathulhu
Bustman's Holiday
The Headless Motorcyclist
The Thing in Mrs. Faversham's Attic
Egon on the Rampage
Haunting!
The Bird of Kildarby
Janine Melnitz, Ghostbuster
Apocalypse—What, Now?
Lost and Foundry
Hard Knight's Day
Cold Cash and Hot Water
The Scaring of the Green
They Call me MISTER Slimer
Last Train to Oblivion
Janine's Day Off
The Ghostbusters in Paris
Ghost Fight at the O.K. Corral
Ghostbuster of the Year
Deadcon I
The Cabinet of Calamari
A Ghost Grows in Brooklyn
The Revenge of Murray the Mantis
Rollerghoster
I Am the City
Moaning Stones
Buster the Ghost
Slimer, Is That You?"
Egon's Ghost
Captain Steel Saves the Day
Victor the Happy Ghost
Egon's Dragon
The Hole in the Wall Gang
Season 3 (1987)
Baby Spookums
It's A Jungle Out There
The Boogeyman Is Back
The Two Faces of Slimer
Sticky Business
Halloween II 1/2
Loathe Thy Neighbor
Big Trouble With Little Slimer
The Copycat
Camping It Up
The Grundel
Transylvanian Homesick Blues
Season 4 (1988)
The Joke's on Ray
Robo-Buster
Short Stuff
Follow The Hearse
The Brooklyn Triangle
Season 5 (1989)
Something's Going Around
Three Men And An Egon
Elementary My Dear Winston
If I Were a Witch Man
Partner in Slime
Jailbusters
The Ghostbuters Live!
from Al Capone's Tomb!
108A. Trading Faces
108B. Transcendental Tourists
109A. Surely You Joust
109B. Kitty-Cornered
110A. Slimer's Curse
110B. Til Death Do Us Part
111A. It's About Time
111B. The Ransom of Greenspud
112A. Revenge of the Ghostmaster
112B. Loose Screws
113A. Venk-Man!
113B. Slimer Streak
The Halloween Door
Season 6 (1990)
Russian About
The Haunting of Heck House
You Can't Teach an Old Demon New Tricks
Janine, You've Changed
Mean Green Teen Machine
Spacebusters
Guess What's Coming to Dinner
Very Beast Friends
Ghostworld
Afterlife in the Fast Lane
The Slob
Busters in Toyland
My Left Fang
Stay Tooned
Deja Boo
Season 7 (1991)
The treasure of Sierra Tamale
Not now, Slimer!
Attack of the B-Movie Monsters
20, 000 leagues under the street
Doctor Dweeb, I Presume
A Mouse in the House
Quickslimer Messenger Service
Cruisin' for a Bruisin
Slimer for Hire
Go-pher It
Cash or Slime
Monkey See, Monkey Don't
Pigeon-Cooped
Slimer's Silly Symphony
The Not-So-Great Outdoors
Dr. Strangedog
Little Green Sliming Hood
Rainy Day Slimer
Tea but not Sympathy
Up Close and Too Personal
Slimer & the Beanstalk
Show Dog Showdown
Unidentified Sliming Object
Don't Tease the Sleaze
Out with Grout
The Dirty Half-Dozen
New Mills is a town in Derbyshire, England.
It is eight miles from Stockport.
It is by the rivers Goyt and Sett.
It is very near the county of Cheshire.
It has a population of 10,000.
New Mills  most known employer is Swizzels Matlow, who make children's sweets.
The company transferred to New Mills from London during the Blitz.
Famous brands include Parma Violets, Refresher chews, Drumstick lollies and - perhaps most famously - Love Hearts
Guido Westerwelle (27 December 1961 – 18 March 2016) was a German politician.
He was Foreign Minister and Vice-Chancellor of Germany.
He was an attorney before he became a politician.
From 1994 to 2001 he was secretary general of the German liberal party, the Freie Demokratische Partei (FDP).
In 2001 he became the leader of the party.
In June 2014, he announced that he had acute myeloid leukemia.
He died of the disease on 18 March 2016 in Cologne, Germany at the age of 54.
Deaths from acute myeloid leukemia
LGBT lawyers
Vancouver, Washington is a United States city, just north of the Columbia River in the state of Washington.
It is directly north of Portland, Oregon and  south of Vancouver, British Columbia.
Both cities were named for George Vancouver, a British explorer and sea captain.
The city of Vancouver includes Fort Vancouver, begun by the British Hudson's Bay Company in 1824.
It was made part of the United States on June 15, 1846, as part of the Oregon Treaty.
It is the fourth largest city in Washington State.
The Vancouver area was home to Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans.
Chinook and Klickitat tribes called this area "land of the mud turtles" before 1775.
Disease killed most natives before the Hudson's Bay Company came in the 1820s.
The Hudson's Bay Company built Fort Vancouver to trade in beaver skins, which were used to make top hats.
Workers at Fort Vancouver came from England, the Sandwich Islands, Scotland and Canada.
Many trappers had native wives and lived outside Fort Vancouver.
Americans began to arrive from the Oregon Trail.
John McLoughlin was head man at Fort Vancouver and helped the Americans with tools and seed.
Fort Vancouver closed in the 1840s.
The city of Vancouver was incorporated in 1857 and was over three times as big by 1909.
In 1917, the first bridge connecting Oregon to Washington over the Columbia River was built from Vancouver.
In 1982 another bridge was built a few miles east for the I-205 freeway.
Columbia Barracks became Vancouver Barracks and was the biggest US military base in Oregon, Washington or Idaho for many years.
During World War I the Vancouver Barracks had a lumber mill to cut spruce wood to make biplanes.
Another ship yard built ships for World War II.
Shipyard workers came and Vancouver grew from 18,000 to over 80,000 people.
Vancouver grew again and in 1997 grew again to almost its present size.
About half as many people live just north of Vancouver as live inside the city.
About one in three Vancouver workers have jobs in  Portland, Oregon.
Vancouver is just north of the Columbia River and west of the volcanic Cascade Range mountains and the Columbia gorge.
Vancouver is about fifty miles from the Pacific Ocean, which gives it rain.
Because it is in a valley between the Pacific Coast and Cascade mountains, there are clouds in winter.
When it is clear one can see  Mount Hood, the Mount Saint Helens volcano and Mount Adams from Vancouver.
Vancouver is north of Portland, Oregon and shares a similar climate: wet from November through June and dry from July through October.
Vancouver has snow once or twice a year, on average.
Vancouver has a total area of .
Abuout 7% is water, including Vancouver Lake to the west.
Architecture and Buildings
The National Register of Historic Places says that Vancouver is a good place to visit.
Because it is the oldest city in the area, Vancouver has a wide variety of buildings, including:
The Covington House at 4201 Main Street is a log cabin built in 1848
Officers Row has many old houses from Vancouver Barracks
Mother Joseph's Providence Academy was built in 1868
Saint James Church had its first Roman Catholic mass in 1885
A Carnegie Library at Sixteenth and Main opened on New Year's Eve, 1909
The 1914 U.S. National Bank is now the Heritage Building at Fifth and Main
A 1916 post office is at 1211 Daniels Street
The 1935 art deco telephone exchange building is at Eleventh and Washington
The 1941 Clark County courthouse was designed by Day Hillborn
Smith Tower, a round apartment building for the elderly was built in 1965, downtown
Modern buildings surround Esther Short Park, the oldest public park in the state
Radiant heating occurs when a hot surface warms other objects around it.
Radiant heating has a long history of use in buildings by the Romans and the Koreans, and is much more efficient than standard ways of heating the air in a building.
Underfloor radiant heating is the most common type of radiant heating used in buildings, but wall and overhead radiant heating systems are also used.
Radiant heating can also be used to heat outdoor areas.
History of Radiant Heating
The Romans were the first people to use underfloor radiant heating systems.
These systems were based on hypocausts, and used warm air for heat.
The floor was set on top of many brick piles, leaving room for the hot air and steam produced by a furnace to pass underneath the floor.
The hot air then went up chimneys on the sides of the walls, so the hot air and steam never actually went into the living rooms.
These systems were very expensive to build and maintain, so only the rich could afford them.
In Korea, radiant underfloor heating has been in use for about 2000 years.
Ondol, which means "warm stone," involves the use of stones and underground ducts to help transport warm air from the kitchen to the rooms in the house.
Most homes and buildings in Korea still use ondol, although they now use hot water and electric systems.
The American architect Frank Lloyd Wright discovered ondol in the early 1900s and used it in many of his building designs.
Wright also invented hot water underfloor systems.
Types of Radiant Heating
Underfloor heating
The most common kind of radiant heating is underfloor heating.
There are three types of underfloor heating: hot air systems, hot water systems and electric systems.
Hot air systems
Hot air systems use hot air to heat the floor, similar to the Romans' systems.
However, air does not hold heat very well, and these systems aren't recommended for residential use.
Hot water systems
Hot water systems are the most popular and cost-effective systems for cold climates.
In this type of system, water is heated by a boiler and pumped through pipes laid underneath the floor.
Hot water systems can also be combined with solar thermal energy to make them more environmentally friendly.
Solar thermal energy uses sunlight to heat water, which can then be used in the underfloor heating system.
Hot water systems can also be run in reverse by running cold water through the pipes to cool the building.
However, this technology is difficult to use properly and can result in condensation on the floor, which can ruin hardwood floors or rugs and make people more likely to fall.
Electric systems
Electric systems are made of electric cables that are laid underneath the floor.
Electricity is then used to heat the cables, and this type of system can be turned on or off much faster than a hot water system.
However, these systems are often more expensive than hot water systems because of the high prices of electricity, especially if the hot water system includes the use of solar thermal energy.
The high cost of an electric heating system can be reduced if the floor can be set to heat during non-peak hours, such as late at night, and is left turned off during the day.
Electric systems are also less environmentally friendly because electricity is usually produced by burning fossil fuels, which increases carbon emissions.
Underfloor installation
Underfloor radiant heating systems can be installed as either wet or dry systems.
Wet systems are laid down and then concrete is poured over them.
Concrete floors hold heat very well, but can take a long time to absorb the heat.
Dry systems run in open air space between the foundation and the floor, but can be less efficient because they have to heat the air too.
However, dry systems are much easier to reach if the system breaks or leaks.
Any kind of flooring can be used with underfloor heating, but ceramic tiles are the most popular floor material because they transfer and store heat well.
Materials like wood, carpet, or linoleum tile decrease the heat transfer from the underfloor system and the system must be set at a higher temperature if any of these materials are used.
Wall and overhead heating
Wall and overhead radiant heating systems are usually made of aluminum panels hung on the walls or ceiling.
Like underfloor radiant heating, these panels can be heated by either hot water or electricity.
However, panels heated by hot water often leak, so electric panels are the most common.
These panels can't heat as much area as an underfloor system, but they can be quickly turned on and off when a person enters or leaves the room.
Electric panels can reduce energy costs if panels are left turned off in empty rooms.
Outdoor heating
Using radiant heating outdoors is much more practical than heating air because the air is always moving outside.
Outdoor radiant heaters are almost always electric devices, and usually portable, although it is possible to have underfloor radiant heating installed under a patio.
Seventy-four is a number.
It comes after seventy-three and before seventy-five.
Top Gear is a television show on the BBC.
The show is all about cars and other vehicles.
They test new cars to see how fast they go.
They also test really old cars and do crazy stuff with them.
They usually rate cars that the normal person wouldn't be able to afford.
The show started as a regular car show but has changed over time to what it is now.
It uses comedy to attract viewers which are now estimated to be 350 million.
The show often has long distance races.
They usually race a fast car against a different form of transportation like trains and boats.
They are called 'epic' races.
The challenge part of the show is about different stunts of the most ridiculous things the show can come up with.
One time they jumped a bus over a row of motorcycles (instead of the motorcycle jumping over buses).
Recently, the show has started using the phrase "How hard can it be?"
for the challenge segment.
They put themselves in different situations that a normal person probably wouldn't get a chance to experience.
Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car
Once during every  episode (except some specials) they bring a celebrity on stage.
They show footage of the celebrity driving an average car around a racetrack.
They put the time it took for them to complete a lap of the track on a board with the names of all of the other celebrities who drove the same course.
Power Laps
Power laps are one lap around the Top Gear Test Track.
They will take any car that can drive and will see how fast it can make it around the track.
The vehicles must be cars and they must be road legal.
Backpacking is hiking in the outdoors with a backpack full of all your food, clothing, water, and shelter.
Usually, backpackers hike in groups to stay safer.
They must think to bring first aid supplies, sleeping bags, tents, rain gear, stoves, food and other camping supplies.
Backpacking may be done on short or long trips.
Sometimes, backpacking groups begin at a trail head with a parking lot and hike over a weekend until they work their way back to the vehicle.
On longer trips, groups may settle in at a base camp and hike for weeks or even months if they are more experienced and prepared.
When following certain rules, backpackers have the chance to leave the outdoors better than they found them.
There are certain practices such as Leave No Trace that teach backpackers and hikers to pack out all waste and help conserve nature in every way possible such as not building fires in dry areas, saving water, and protecting the environment.
When backpackers use these skills, they help preserve nature while getting to explore themselves while outside the influence of the rest of the world.
Châlons-en-Champagne is a commune in the Marne department in the Grand Est region in northeastern France.
Even if Châlons-en-Champagne is the capital of the department, it is only the second largest city in population after Reims.
It should not be confused with Chalon-sur-Saône, a city in the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.
Formerly called Châlons-sur-Marne, the name of the city was changed to Châlons-en-Champagne in 1995 but it was rejected in 1997.
Châlons-en-Champagne is in the centre of the Marne department.
The Marne river flows through the western part of the city.
The commune of Châlons-en-Champagne is surrounded by the communes L'Épine, Saint-Memmie, Sarry, Compertrix, Fagnières and Saint-Martin-sur-le-Pré.
The inhabitants of Châlons-en-Champagne are known, in French, as Châlonnais (women: Châlonnaises ).
With a population of 45,002, Châlons-en-Champagne has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Châlons-en-Champagne forms, with other 4 communes, the urban area of Châlons-en-Champagne with a population of 57,571 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .
This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Châlons-en-Champagne, formed by 66 communes, with a population of 81,486 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .
Châlons-en-Champagne is a prefecture of the Marne department since 1800.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Châlons-en-Champagne and the administrative centre () of three cantons:
Châlons-en-Champagne-1 formed by 3 communes and part of Châlons-en-Champagne, with 26,915 inhabitants (2014).
Châlons-en-Champagne-2 formed by 18 communes and part of Châlons-en-Champagne, with 25,837 inhabitants (2014).
Châlons-en-Champagne-3 formed by 41 communes and part of Châlons-en-Champagne, with 25,430 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Châlons Agglo ().
Ilkeston, United Kingdom, since 1957
Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, since 1970
Neuss, Germany, since 1972
Wittenberge, Germany, since 1978
Mirabel, Quebec, Canada, since 2000
Razgrad, Bulgaria, since 2005
The Mâcon Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Vincent de Mâcon) in the town centre
The Saint-Pierre Church (Èglise Saint-Pierre) in the Place Saint-Pierre
The Museum of Fine Arts (former Ursuline Convent)
Hôtel Senecé (Lamartine museum)
People from or related to Mâcon
Alphonse de Lamartine (1790-1869), poet
Georges Duby (1919–1996), historian
Ville de Châlons-en-Champagne - official website
Châlons Agglo website
Appert-Aina
The Schulze method is a way of voting that is used to fill a single vacant position in an election.
It was developed in 1997 by Markus Schulze.
It is also known as Schwartz Sequential Dropping (SSD), Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential Dropping (CSSD), Beatpath Method, Beatpath Winner, Path Voting, and Path Winner.
It is used by several organizations including Wikimedia, Debian, Gentoo, BerryTube, and the KDE.
Voters rank the candidates in the order from the one that they most want to win to the one they least want to win.
The same preference (how much the voters want the candidate to win or lose) can be given to more than one candidate, and candidates can be given no number (they are interpreted as the worst).
Next, for every pair of two candidates, the two are compared: ignoring all other candidates, which of the two in the pair is preferred by most voters?
How many voters agree with the majority decision is noted.
More calculations take place.
Given two candidates A and K, A is said to beat K with strength t if t voters prefer A to B, t voters prefer B to C, and so on, and t voters prefer J to K. The winner W is the candidate which beats any other candidate X with strength t, but X does not beat W with strength t.
Markus Schulze, A new monotonic, clone-independent, reversal symmetric, and condorcet-consistent single-winner election method , Social Choice and Welfare, volume 36, number 2, page 267–303, 2011.
Preliminary version in Voting Matters, 17:9-19, 2003.
Proposed Statutory Rules for the Schulze Single-Winner Election Method by Markus Schulze
A New Monotonic, Clone-Independent, Reversal Symmetric, and Condorcet-Consistent Single-Winner Election Method by Markus Schulze
Christoph Börgers (2009), Mathematics of Social Choice: Voting, Compensation, and Division, SIAM,
Saul Stahl and Paul E. Johnson (2006), Understanding Modern Mathematics, Sudbury:  Jones and Bartlett Publishers,
Nicolaus Tideman (2006), Collective Decisions and Voting: The Potential for Public Choice, Burlington: Ashgate,
A Continuous Rating Method for Preferential Voting by Rosa Camps, Xavier Mora, and Laia Saumell
Voting Systems by Paul E. Johnson
Test Run: Group Determination in Software Testing by James D. McCaffrey
Distance from Consensus: a Theme and Variations  by Tommi Meskanen and Hannu Nurmi
Descriptions of voting systems by Warren D. Smith
Election Systems by Peter A. Taylor
Personalisierung der Verhältniswahl durch Varianten der Single Transferable Vote  by Martin Wilke
Objective Measures of Preferential Ballot Voting Systems by Barry Wright
Approaches to Constructing a Stratified Merged Knowledge Base by Anbu Yue, Weiru Liu, and Anthony Hunter
Schulze-Methode  A tutorial by the University of Stuttgart
The movie tells the story of John Oldman.
All of the movie takes place in a small house and its porch, where Oldman tells his friends that he is a 14,000 year old Cro-Magnon caveman.
The movie begins with the protagonist John Oldman packing up his belongings onto his truck.
John Oldman is getting ready to move to a different place to live.
This is when his friends come over to give him a farewell party.
From their conversations it becomes evident that John Oldman and his friends are all professors in a university.
After a bit of conversation, the group of friends moves into John Oldman’s house.
John’s friends keep asking why he decided to “run off” so quickly.
John Oldman does not answer clearly at first, but gradually becomes drawn to telling his friends what is really on his mind.
He begins to tell his friends about who he really is, a 14,000 year old Cro-Magnon caveman who has survived until the present.
His friends aren’t convinced, but rather constantly question John Oldman in order to prove him wrong.
The talk goes on as John Oldman’s friends try to prove him wrong, in biological, historical, and religious terms.
The conversations are driven by John Oldman’s claims of his past.
His claims include the following:
That he moves on every ten years or so, when people start to notice that he doesn’t age.
This, he says, is the reason why he decided to leave his friends so suddenly.
That he had a chance to sail with Christopher Columbus, but did not, because he then still believed that the world was flat, and was afraid of falling off the edge of the world.
That he was a friend of Vincent van Gogh and even received a picture from him as a present.
That he studied with the Buddha in India.
That he came back to Europe and attempted to teach what he learned from the Buddha.
Such attempt became the roots of Christianity, and John Oldman is the Jesus of the Christian Bible.
Afterwards Christianity became distorted and was manipulated by churches.
Ultimately, today, Christianity has become something that he has never intended it to become.
That he has ten doctorates, including that of everyone in the conversation except for Dr. Will Gruber, the psychologist.
David Lee Smith as John Oldman
Tony Todd as Dan
John Billingsley as Harry
Ellen Crawford as Edith
Annika Peterson as Sandy
William Katt as Art Jenkins
Alexis Thorpe as Linda Murphy
Richard Riehle as Dr. Will Gruber
Robbie Bryan as Police Officer
Liberal online magazine Fadewblogs included the film in their list of must-watch films for atheists.
IGN gave it an 8 out of 10 score.
Film Trailer
The Man from Earth on Myspace
Movies directed by Richard Schenkman
Movies about religion
The Shaolin Monastery or Shaolin Temple is a temple at Song mountain of Dengfeng, near Zhengzhou City,Henan Province, China.
Now it is led by abbot Venerable abbot Shi Yǒngxìn.
It was founded in the 6th century and became the Holy Ground of Kung Fu.
Now it is the Mahayana Buddhist monastery perhaps best known to the Western world.
The Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) is a small Old World vulture.
It is found from southwestern Europe and northern Africa to southern Asia.
It is the only living member of the genus Neophron, and there are three subspecies.
In Southern Asia this species is called the scavenger vulture.
When they feed on the eggs of other birds, they break larger ones by tossing a large pebble onto them.
The use of tools is rare in birds, but Egyptian vultures also use twigs to roll up wool for use in their nest.
Henan is a province of the People's Republic of China.
It is in the central eastern part of China.
The name Henan means "south of the Yellow River."
The capital of Henan is Zhengzhou.
Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American crime drama movie set in Los Angeles.
It was directed by Quentin Tarantino.
The movie stars John Travolta, Bruce Willis, Uma Thurman and Samuel L. Jackson.
It is a very popular movie.
Pulp Fiction is rated R for strong graphic violence and drug use, profanity and some sexuality.
Soju is a distilled drink.
Soju literally means "burned liquor".
This kind of distilled beverage was first found in Persia, where the distillation methods of producing alcoholic beverage originated from.
But through a Mongolian who contacted Islamic culture did this kind of alcoholic beverage and the distillation techniques of making such a drink come about to the East.
As soju became prevalent throughout Won Dynasty of China, it eventually spread throughout Korea Kingdom, where it became so popular that numerous kinds of soju were created.
Because soju created at that time were made from pure grains, it was very tasty and clean.
It was also not so strong.
However, it was very expensive simply because it was distilled.
Nowadays, soju is very popular in South Korea.
Koreans enjoy drinking soju as a means of promoting friendship and getting closer to each other.
Usually, people drink it with "anju", a side dish, so as to moderate its bitterness.
Goguryeo is a dynasty of ancient Korea which was begun by Jumong () in 37 BC.
It was started in the area near the Dongga River, a branch of the Abrok River.
Jolbon was the capital city founded by Jumong.
The legend of the nation's birth is that Jumong was born out of an egg and brought up by King Gumwa () of East Buyeo.
The name, Jumong, means a person who is good at archery.
Because of his archery skills, Prince Daeso () envied him.
So, Jumong felt death threats and decided to escape from East Buyeo with three friends.
He went to Jolbon Buyeo and married Sosuno () who was the princess of the nation.
Jumong succeeded the king and changed the nation's name to Goguryeo after his surname.
Since the first king, King Dongmyeong (), Goguryeo had been invaded by several enemies such as the Chinese Han Dynasty, and Xianbei.
But, by 11th king's reign, Goguryeo had succeeded in taking control over Liaoong.
Until the 24th king's period, it had had its golden age, expanding the range of the nation and driving away all the attacks from ouside.
The most famous king was King Gwanggaeto the Great ().
However, when it was under the control of 27th king, Youngryou (), Goguryeo was becoming a vassal of the Tang Dynasty.
Because of this, the king was killed by Yoen Gaesomoon () and a new king, Bojang () succeeded.
After Yoen Gaesomoon died, the people did not cooperate with the nation well and while its control got weak, it was destroyed by the allied forces of Tang and Silla.
30s BC establishments
Friedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck (3 January 1876 in eastern Guben (today Poland) - 7 September 1960 in Berlin) was an (East) German communist politician.
He was a member of the Spartacus League.
He was joint founder, and from 1946 to 1950 co-chairman of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED, together with Otto Grotewohl), and from 1949 to his death in 1960 the first and only president of the GDR.
Beth Elamen is the only Jewish cemetery in Beirut, capital of Lebanon.
Its spelling in Hebrew is "", meaning: "House of Cemetery".
The cemetery is very close to Sodeco Square.
It can also be reached using the Damascus Expressway.
Broxbourne railway station, opened in 1840, serves Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, England.
It is on the West Anglia Main Line, and train services are provided by Abellio Greater Anglia, who also manage the station.
In Unix, and in  other computer multitasking operating systems, a daemon ( or ) is a computer program that runs as a background task.
Many daemons have names that end with the letter "d": for example, syslogd, the daemon that handles the system log, httpd, a daemon that handles web requests, or sshd, which takes care of incoming SSH connections.
Server (computing)
start-stop-daemon man page  (Debian package)
Tutorial: Unix Daemons in Perl
How to daemonize in Linux
Unix Daemon Server Programming
http daemon in Bash
Overcharge is an economic term used in legal discourse about price fixing violations.
An overcharge is the difference between what a buyer or seller actually paid for a good purchased from a cartel and what the buyer or seller would have paid in the absence of a price-fixing cartel.
The total amount of the overcharges paid by customers of a cartel is the major component of damages that can be recovered by plaintiffs in private antitrust suits.
Under U.S. federal antitrust law, buyers injured by cartel overcharges are entitled to triple the overcharges that they are able to prove in court.
The overcharge has a one-to-one relationship to the Lerner Index, the most common measure of market power in economics.
Both measures employ the same numerator (PM - PC), where PM is the observed market price and PC is the competitive benchmark price, but use different denominators.
The overcharge ratio is (PM-PC)/PC, whereas the Lerner Index is (PM-PC)/PM.
Both ratios are zero when a market is perfectly competitive or a cartel is ineffective in raising prices.
The Lerner Index has an upper limit of one when the pure monopoly price is charged in a market.
The overcharge has no upper limit.
Rye House railway station is in Hoddesdon in Hertfordshire, England.
It is on the Hertford East branch of the West Anglia Main Line, and train services are provided by Abellio Greater Anglia.
1843 establishments in Europe
The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom.
It serves Greater London and the nearby districts of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire.
London Underground was first opened in 1863 which makes it the oldest underground metro system in the world.
This list includes all  stations on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway.
Listed for each station is the line or lines serving it, the local authority and London Travelcard zone in which it is located, the date it opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year.
There are three instances where two separate stations share the same name: Edgware Road, Hammersmith and Canary Wharf.
Although the Hammersmith & City line platforms at Paddington are on the other side of the mainline station from the platforms of the other Underground lines, it is treated as a single station.
It is currently shown this way on the Tube map, but has been shown as two stations at times.
Canary Wharf has separate Jubilee line and Docklands Light Railway stations, which are shown as one station on current tube map.
List of former and unopened London Underground stations
Timeline of the London Underground
:Category:Tube stations in London by borough
:Category:Railway stations in London by borough
* Where more than one line serves a station, lines are listed in the order of opening.
In some cases stations were first served by one underground line but later transferred to another:
a  First served by Metropolitan line – Circle line services separately identified in 1949.
b  First served by Metropolitan line – Circle line services separately identified in 1949, Hammersmith & City line services separately identified in 1990.
c  First served by Metropolitan line – District line service added in stages, Circle line services separately identified in 1949.
d  First served by Metropolitan line – Hammersmith & City line services separately identified in 1990.
e  First served by Metropolitan line – service transferred to Bakerloo line in 1939 and then to the Jubilee line in 1979.
f  First served by Metropolitan line – Bakerloo line service added in 1939 which was transferred to the Jubilee line in 1979.
g  First served by Bakerloo line – service transferred to Jubilee line in 1979.
h  First served by District line – service transferred to Piccadilly line in 1933.
i  First served by District line – Circle line services separately identified in 1949.
j  First served by District line – Metropolitan line service added in stages which was transferred to Hammersmith & City line in 1990.
k  First served by Metropolitan line – District line service added in 1910 which was transferred to Piccadilly line in 1933.
l  First served by District line – service transferred to Piccadilly line in 1964.
m  First served by Metropolitan line – Hammersmith & City line services separately identified in 1990, Circle line service added in 2009.
London Underground – Transport for London
Docklands Light Railway – Transport for London
Ratatat is a Eletronic Rock/Electronica duo with guitarist Mike Stroud and synthesizer driver and producer Evan Mast.
The two met as collee students in Skidmore, started working together in 2001 under the name Cherry.
In 2004 they published their debut album Ratatat which includes songs such as Seventeen Years, Germany to Germany, and Desert Eagle.
Following, in 2006, Classics, then LP3, in 2008 was released.
Other works done by Ratatat are single albums and remixes of other musicians.
Single albums include Seventeen Years, Germany to Germany, Wildcat, Lex, Loud Pipes, Shiller, Mirando, and Shempi.
Their most recent remix album Ratatat Remixes No.
2 featured 14 remixes featuring: Young Buck, T.I, Ludacris, The Notorious B.I.G, Jay Z, Z-Ro, Devin the Dude, Juvenile, Beanie Sigel, Despot, Memphis Bleek, Slim Thug, Bun B, Young Jeezy, Kanye West, Beans, Saigon, and U.G.K.
Their songs were featured in various media.
Some examples would be :
Seventeen Years was featured in the 2008 movie Cloverfield.
Loud Pipes was featured in the PlayStation game MLB 07: The Show.
Dura was used in CSI Season 9, Episode 7 "Woulda, Coulda, Shoulda".
Montanita was used in Season 2 - Episode 2 of the NBC show Chuck
Binary form ( also know as AB Form or movement of continuity)is a type of form of music pieces.
The word Binary means "in two parts."
The word Form is a kind of guideline for composers when they write a piece of music.
So, binary form means "An outline in two parts."
A musical piece in binary form is a musical piece with two sections.
Binary form was popular in the Baroque times and was often used for movements in sonatas for keyboard instruments.
Each part of a binary form piece of music are usually repeated.
Minuets
Binary form was most commonly used in the Baroque era for short dances called minuets.
The minuet's two parts are usually labeled as "A" and "B." In the A section of a minuet, the exposition is stated.
This section almost always is repeated a couple times.
The beginning part of the B section develops a slightly new musical idea, usually going to the dominant key, to add variation.
Then it returns to the "A" key at the end.
Some famous composers of minuets include Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.
Bubble tea, also called pearl tea or Boba, is a drink which comes from Taichung, Taiwan.
It is made by mixing black tea with non-dairy creamer or milk and adding round "pearl" tapioca.
There are many flavors other than the original one.
Green tea can be used instead of black tea.
Extra items such as honey, coffee or cocoa can be added.
Pudding or coconut cubes can be used instead of pearl tapioca.
When it was first invented, not many people were interested in it.
But after a bubble tea maker was interviewed on a Japanese TV program, it became popular among people of all ages.
The popularity of bubble tea can be seen not only in Taiwan but also in other countries such as South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, China, Southeast Asia, Australia, Canada and the USA.
Things that are in bubble tea
Most bubble tea recipes contain a tea base mixed with fruit or milk, to which chewy tapioca balls or fruit jellies are added.
Ice-mixed versions are usually mixed with fruit or syrup, resulting in a slushy softness.