the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Carpathia, a fictional Balkan kingdom in the films The Prince and the Showgirl, Ghostbusters II, and Dragon Storm, as well as season 1, episode 14 of the television show Fantasy Island.
Nicolae Carpathia, the fictional Antichrist and head of the Global Community in Left Behind
Carpathian Ruthenia, a small historic region in Central Europe
Carpathia, a fictional planet in the British television series Outcasts
Bertrand de Got was born around 1264 in Villandraut in Gironde region of France.
He was elected pope on June 5, 1305; and he chose to be called Clement V.  He was the fourth of six non-cardinals to be elected pope in the Middle Ages.
Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope Clement V
1264 births
A mucous membrane (or mucosae; singular mucosa) is a skin-like lining.
A mucus membrane is covered in epithelium.
They secrete mucus, and in the alimentary canal they absorb nutrients.
They line cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs.
At several places they connect up (are contiguous) with the skin.
For example, at the nostrils, the mouth, the lips, the eyelids, the ears, the genital area, and the anus.
Unlike skin, which has hair growing out of it, mucous membranes are hairless.
The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and glands is called "mucous".
The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body.
However, not every mucous membrane secretes mucous.
A thimble is a small, hard cup.
People wear one on their finger for protection from the needle when sewing.
Raymond Poincaré (20 August 1860 - 15 October 1934)  was a French politician of the Third Republic.
He was a cousin of the mathematician Henri Poincaré.
He was president of France from 1913 to 1920, and Foreign minister several times.
He had studied law at the Sorbonne and was trained to be a lawyer.
He held a neutral view in the Dreyfus Affair at first, but later supported Dreyfus.
Knob and tube wiring (abbreviated K&T) was an early type of electrical wiring.
It was commonly used from the 1880s to the early 1940s, and is occasionally, but very rarely, still used today.
In knob and tube wiring, wires were held to the wooden structure by ceramic knobs, and were protected by ceramic tubes when they went through a piece of wood.
Wires were held to the knobs by another piece of non-conducting wire.
A material called loom protected the wire when it entered a junction box, which usually contained an outlet, switch, or light fixture.
Splices were soldered together and wrapped in cloth electrical tape.
The insulation on knob and tube wiring was usually cotton cloth soaked in asphalt.
To prevent short circuits, the hot and neutral wires were kept far apart.
This is not necessary on modern wiring because modern insulation alone is enough to prevent short circuits.
Knob and tube wiring did not have a ground wire and therefore did not have three-prong outlets.
Most electrical codes allow the use of a GFCI to update knob and tube outlets to three-prong without installing any new wire.
Knob and tube wiring used cloth insulation.
Over time this insulation can wear out, become brittle, and fall off, leaving bare wire.
The ceramic knobs and tubes provide some protection because even if the insulation does fall off, the bare wire can not touch the wooden structure.
The insulation is also somewhat flammable.
Some knob and tube insulation intended for industrial use contained asbestos, which reduced the risk of fire, but can cause cancer.
Unlike modern wiring, splices were not contained in a protective box.
If a splice failed, it could make a spark and start a fire.
The fuse boxes usually had no protection from using an incorrect fuse.
An incorrect fuse could cause the wiring to overheat and become damaged or start a fire.
Another problem is that when a fuse blew, people who didn't know or didn't care about the hazards would sometimes replace it with a coin or a ball of foil if a replacement fuse wasn't available, leaving no overload protection at all.
These issues can be partially corrected by installing a modern circuit breaker panel with arc fault circuit interrupter breakers.
There was also no ground wire.
Knob and tube can be updated with a GFCI to add the equivalent of grounding.
There is generally no need to replace knob and tube wiring if it is in good condition.
Unusual wiring layouts
Unlike modern wiring, knob and tube supply and return wires were not always alongside each other.
In the oldest installations, several branch circuits could share the same neutral wire, which can cause overloads.
To prevent overloads in this layout, the neutral wires were protected with fuses.
If a neutral fuse blew or was removed, it could create a dangerous condition where the power appeared to be off, but was in fact still present.
Three-way switches could also be wired in such a way that the outer ring of a lamp socket, which is normally connected to neutral, could be connected to hot, which is an electric shock hazard.
National Electrical Code
Post-postmodernism is a general term used to describe new developments emerging from postmodernism.
A similar term is metamodernism.
These terms are not always accepted: for example, they are not in the Tate Guide to modern art terms.
Modernism began around 1900.
It was a rejection of tradition and an attempt to see the world differently.
Events such as World War 2 and the Great Depression made many feel modernism had failed.
This led to postmodernism, which is cold and skeptical of the grand narrative of Western Society.
This grand narrative is explained by Jean-François Lyotard as something.
Postmodernism is a very broad term that cannot be defined by specific themes.
It is an all-encompassing way of thinking.
Postmodernism is seen as a theory for explaining 20th Century culture.
With the 20th Century now behind us and a new century beginning, many have suggested that Postmodernism is outdated in our current world.
Advances such as the internet have changed the way we live, making the world a smaller place but also making communication and interaction with things around us less intimate.
Post-Postmodernism takes this as a key reason why a return to sincerity and authentic expression is the way forward for the 21st Century.
Post-postmodernism is a very new idea that is still forming.
There are many different ideas about how post-postmodernism could evolve and shape culture.
They look to where faith, trust, dialogue, performance, and sincerity can work to overcome postmodern irony.
Enzo Favio Fortuny (born June 7, 1981 in Veracruz, Mexico) is a Latin American voice actor.
He is always credited as Enzo Fortuny.
While he remains as a specialist in young men's voices, his range is ample enough to allow him to portray either gentler roles (like Yukito Tsukishiro) or much rougher ones (like InuYasha).
He is the Latin American Disney XD channel speaker and the official Latin American Dub-over artists of Drake Bell and Elijah Wood.
The Lord of the Rings movies series (2001 & 2002) - Frodo Baggins (voiceover for Elijah Wood) (all Latino Versions)
InuYasha (2002–2006) - InuYasha (Latino Version)
Harry Potter movie series - Fred and George Weasley (Latino Version)
Toy Story - Sid (Latino Version)
Drake & Josh (2004–2007) - Drake Parker (Latino Version)
Mexican voice actors
Exercise physiology is the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to a wide-range of physical exercise conditions.
In addition, many exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology, and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.
Professional bodies in most developed countries review and approve education programs to ensuring the quality and consistency of education.
Area of study
An exercise physiologist's area of study may include but is not limited to biochemistry, bioenergetics, cardiopulmonary function, hematology, biomechanics, skeletal muscle physiology, neuroendocrine function, and central and perpheral nervous system function.
Also, exercise physiologists range from basic scientists, to clinical researchers, to clinicians, to sports trainers.
A short circuit is a problem in an electrical circuit where two or more wires that are not supposed to come in contact with each other touch.
A short circuit can result in a very high current flowing through the circuit.
The high current can destroy components, melt insulation and start a fire.
If there is enough voltage, it can also cause an explosion called arc flash.
Circuit breakers and fuses are devices that detect short circuits and (usually) shut the power off before any damage can be done.
A "short circuit" also happens when there is a bypass of electrical current.
As electricity is "lazy", when there is a bypass without a "load" (e.g. Bulb), it will travel that route of least electrical impedance.
The term "short circuit" is frequently  misused to describe any electrical problem.
A circuit breaker is a device designed to shut off an electrical circuit when too much current is flowing.
This usually occurs if too many devices are plugged in or if there is a short circuit.
Circuit breakers are usually installed in the electrical panel.
Some circuit breakers also have GFCI protection.
Inside the circuit breaker, there is usually an electromagnetic coil.
When too much current flows through the coil, it pulls on the switch, shutting the power off.
The coil reacts to immediate short circuits.
There is also a bimetal strip that will bend and pull on the switch if it gets too hot.
This reacts to extended periods of too much current.
Some advanced circuit breakers monitor current electronically, and shut the power off when an electronic sensor detects too much current.
A circuit breaker does the same job as a fuse, but unlike a fuse, a circuit breaker does not need to be replaced to be reset, except in some severe cases such as very high-current short circuits and lightning strikes that may damage the circuit breaker.
By voltage level
Low voltage circuit breaker.
Medium voltage circuit breaker.
High voltage circuit breaker.
By medium of arc suppression
Air circuit breaker
CO2 circuit breaker
Disconnecting circuit breaker
Oil circuit breaker
Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker
Vacuum circuit breaker
The Merchant of Venice is a play written by William Shakespeare.
The date the play was written in unknown, but the play was mentioned in 1598 in Francis Mere's Wit's Treasury.
A date of 1596-1597 is now accepted.
Shakespeare's source was Il Pecorone by Ser Giovanni, a 14th century  Florentine writer.
The Merchant of Venice was first published in 1600.
It was published again in 1619, and then in 1623 in the First Folio, a collection of all of Shakespeare's plays.
The play has been made into television programs many times and also into some movies.
Three operas are based on the play.
Bassanio is an aristocratic but poor young man of Venice.
He has fallen in love with Portia, a beautiful young lady of Belmont.
Bassanio needs money to woo the lady.
He asks his friend Antonio, the merchant of Venice, for a loan.
Antonio's money is tied-up in business ventures.
Antonio borrows money from a Jewish moneylender named Shylock.
Antonio signs a bond agreeing to give Shylock a pound of his flesh if the money is not repaid on a certain date.
Bassanio uses the money to travel to Belmont.
He wins Portia's love.
Antonio cannot repay the borrowed money on time.
Shylock insists on the pound of flesh as stated in the bond.
The case goes to court.
Portia disguises herself as a lawyer.
She says that Shylock's bond is cruel.
His insistence on the terms of the bond is just, but justice must be softened with mercy but Shylock does not relent.
Portia then traps Shylock in the loopholes of his own bond and thus Shylock is not only forced to release Antonio but also give away his wealth and religion.
is a Japanese naval officer, academic, writer and senior fellow in the Asia Center at Harvard University.
Koda was born in December 1949 at Tokushima Prefecture.
He studied at the Defense Academy at Yokosuka in 1968-1972.
Koda served on several JMSDF ships, including the Yudachi (DD-108), the Shirayuki (DD-123), and the Sawayuki (DD-125).
1973: Commissioned as Ensign in the  or JMSDF
1982-1984: Exchange officer at United States Naval Academy
1983: Lieutenant Commander
1987: Commander
1990-1991: Commanding Officer, Destroyer Sawayuki (DD-125)
1991-1992: Naval Command College at U.S. Naval War College
1997: Rear Admiral
1997-1999: Chief of Staff, Commander Fleet Escort Force
2003: Vice Admiral
2005-2007: Commandant, Sasebo JMSDF District
2007-2008: Commander in Chief, Self Defense Fleet
"A New Carrier Race?
Strategy, Force Planning, and JS Hyuga,"  Naval War College Review (Summer 2011)
Griffith Asia Institute in Brisbane, Australia: 2011 Synnot Lecture
Chun, Tarryn.
"Profile: Retired Vice-Admiral Yoji Koda, Asia Center Senior Fellow, 2009-2011," Harvard Asia Newsletter (Winter 2010), p. 5.
Japanese academics
The Regionalliga Mitteis one of three 3rd level leagues in Austrian football.
It is formed by teams from Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia and East Tyrol.
It is the highest level of amateur football in Austria.
The champion plays a relegation match versus the champion of the Regionalliga West.
In the 2010/11 season the champion was the LASK Juniors team.
In Austria second teams of professional clubs are not allowed to promot to professional football.
In the relegation match versus WSG Wattens Blau Weiß Linz, the second of the season won and was promoted to Austrian Football First League .
Grazer AK   from Styria
SAK Klagenfurt   from Carinthia
SV Allerheiligen  from Styria
Villacher SV  from Carinthia
Austria Klagenfurt  from Carinthia
FC Gratkorn  from Styria-relegated from First League
Union St. Florian from Upper Austria
DSV Leoben  from Styria
[[SV Kapfenberg|Kapfenberger SV Amateure]]   from Styria
SV Gleinstätten  from Styria
UVB Vöcklamarkt  from Upper Austria
Sturm Graz Amateure   from Styria
FC Wels   from Upper Austria
Vorwärts Steyr   from Upper Austria
FC Pasching   from Upper Austria
LASK Juniors   from Upper Austria
Regionalliga Mitte (german)
Tawakel Karman (born 7 February 1979) came to international attention as a leader in the 2011 Yemeni uprising, part of the Arab Spring.
Yemenis have called her "Iron Woman" and "Mother of the Revolution."
She won the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize with two other women.
She is the first Yemeni and the first Arab  woman to win the prize.
She is the second Muslim woman to win any Nobel Prize and the youngest Nobel Peace Laureate.
Journalist, politician, and rights worker
Karman is a journalist.
She is also politician and senior member of the of Al-Islah political party.
She is also works to improve human rights.
She is one of the people who started the group "Women Journalists Without Chains".
She became well known in Yemen after 2005.
As a journalist, she helped a mobile phone news service after the government did not give them a license.
She led protests for press freedom and organized weekly protests for reform.
She lead the Yemini protests to support the Arab Spring after the Tunisian people overthrew the government of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011.
She has opposed President Ali Abdullah Saleh and thinks he should not be president any longer.
Karman earned a college degree in commerce from the University of Science and Technology, Sana'a.
She also completed a graduate degree in political science from the  University of Sana'a.
She is married to Mohammed al-Nahmi
Spelling her name in English
Tawakel is sometimes spelled differently in English, for example:  Tawakul, Tawakkol, Tawakkul or Tawakel Abdel-Salam Karman
Some of her writing in English
Karman, Tawakkol. "
Our revolution's doing what Saleh can't - uniting Yemen."
The Guardian, 9 April 2011.
Yemen’s unfinished revolution."
New York Times, 18 June 2011.
The world must not forsake Yemen's struggle for freedom."
The Guardian, 1 November 2011. (
Includes a link to the Arabic version.)
Tawakkol Karman - Nobel Lecture."
Nobelprize.org.
10 Dec 2011. (
Includes links to the English, Norwegian, and Arabic versions.)
Renowned activist and press freedom advocate Tawakul Karman , interviewed by Nadia Al-Sakkaf, Yemen Times, 17 June 2010
Tawakel Karman interview with Al Jazeera
Press Conference of 2011 Nobel Laureate, Tawakkul Karman Women's eNews.
Tawakkol Karman's Official Facebook
Tawakkol Karman's official Twitter
Tawakkol Karman's Official website
"A Painful Case" is a short story, written by James Joyce, an Irish author.
This short story is one of the series which was published in his 1914 series.
A Painful Case tells of the loneliness and isolation of two characters, Mr. James Duffy and Mrs. Emily Sinico.
He is a lonely person who meets a woman by accident.
Every morning he goes to work from his isolated suburb of Dublin by tram.
In the afternoons, he goes to Dan Burk’s and eats his lunch there; a bottle of larger beer and a few arrowroot biscuits.
At four o’clock, he is free.
He has done the same work for four years, so his daily routine never changes.
His evenings are always spent playing his landlady's piano or roaming around the city.
He doesn’t have friends or companions; he enjoys his own spirituality by himself.
He visits his family and relatives only at Christmas or for a funeral, but only when someone in his family dies.
His only hobby is to attend an opera or a concert since he is a fan of Mozart.
One evening, Mr. Duffy attends a concert in the Rotunda and notices a lady sitting next to him; Mrs. Sinico.
When she comments about the small audience, he sees this as an invitation to talk to her.
She is attractive and looks intelligent.
In a few weeks, he meets her again at a concert in Earlsfort Terrace.
This time, he has an opportunity to be close to her, while she is paying attention to her daughter.
During their conversation, he figures out that she has a husband, but he doesn’t feel cautious of her.
They then meet a third time by accident, and he asks her to meet him again.
After that, they begin to see each other often, in her house.
He lends his books and music to her and shares his intellectual life.
They are becoming close and spend more time together at her house.
They talk about personal matters.
They stay together until dark.
They seem to have many things in common.
One night, in a moment of excitement, she presses his hand to her cheek.
He is surprised by this because she has misunderstood that he has the same feelings for her.
He is confused by how she interpreted his words.
After this incident, he doesn’t visit her for a week and then sends mail asking to meet her.
In the end, they agree they cannot meet again and so they stop talking.
After four years,  Mr. Duffy has returned to his normal life.
However, he avoids concerts because he is afraid of seeing her.
One night he reads in a newspaper of her death;  “Mrs. Emily Sinico, aged forty-three years, was killed at Sydney Parade Station yesterday evening."
After reading the painful news, he is disgusted by it.
To him, she seems crude for having gotten drunk and then dying in such a shameful manner.
He goes out to the pub thinking of the memory of her hand touching him.
While he is drinking, he struggles with two images of her;  the lonely drunkard and the intelligent woman he was close to.
He realizes that she is now just a memory.
He wonders if he could have done something for her.
He now realizes he loves her, but it is too late.
Now, he thinks of their lonely lives.
He knows that his life will continue in the same pattern until he dies.
As he walks, even though it is extremely cold, he feels that she is there with him; it seems that he could even hear her voice, since his memory of her is so strong.
He looks down at the wall of the park and he sees lovers lying there.
He feels that he is an outcast from human life.
The lovers are aware that he is there and they wish he would leave.
When Mrs. Sinico showed interest,  Mr. Duffy ignored her emotions.
Perhaps, his cold-headedness broke her heart.
She thought she was close to him, so she opened up to him, while he only thought of her as a friend.
She desired love and caring because she was lonely, even though she was married with a child.
He didn’t realize until she was gone, that he would be alone until his death.
Alphonse Bertillon and Criminology
Anthropometry was first created by Alphonse Bertillon (April 24, 1853 – February 13, 1914).
When he became a police officer, he created Anthropometry so that criminals could be easily identified.
The system helped the police to get through many criminal records quicker.
Having produced a set of characteristics of criminals, it became easier for the police to identify offenders.
Anthropometric measurements
Head length (crown to forehead)
Head width (temple to temple)
Cheek width
Ear length (both left and right)
Foot length
Cubit (length from elbow to middle finger)
Burnett, “Introduction to Human factors, Human anatomy and Biomechanics”.
Web.10 Dec.2011
"Anthropometry."
Ergonomics4schools.
10 Dec. 2011
Webster's Online Dictionary  - Web.
11 Dec. 2011
An eyelid is a thin piece of skin that covers and protects the eye.
It is one of the thinnest areas of skin on a persons body.
A muscle pulls back the eyelid to "open" the eye.
People do this willingly or without thinking.
The human eyelid has a row of eyelashes that help protect the eye from dust and other small objects.
Eyelashes also keep sweat out of the eye.
Eyelids regularly spread tears and other secretions on the surface of the eye to keep it moist.
The cornea is one part of the eye that must be kept moist.
Eyelids keep the eyes from drying out when asleep.
Also, the blink reflex protects the eye from things touching it.
Copenhagen Airport  () or Copenhagen Airport (; ) is international airport in Denmark and has 3 terminals.
This airport is largest in the Nordic countries.
1925 - Opens for service.
1982 - The Cargo terminal opens.
2006 - 20 million passengers for the first time.
2007 - A metro station opens, connecting the airport to the Copenhagen Metro.
2010 - The new low cost terminal CPH Go opens the 31st of October.
Passengers (2010)  21,501,750
Airports in Denmark
Korean Americans (Korean: ; Hanja: ; Hangukgye Migukin) are Americans of Korean descent.
They are mostly from South Korea.
A small amount are from North Korea.
The Korean American community comprises about 0.5% of the United States population or about 1.6 million people and is the fifth largest Asian American subgroup, after the Indian American, Chinese American, Vietnamese American and Filipino American communities.
The U.S. has the second-largest Korean community in the world.
The largest is in the People's Republic of China.
A gentlemen's agreement is an agreement made between two or more people.
It can be written down, spoken, or just understood.
A gentlemen's agreement needs people to be honourable and stick to the agreement, instead of enforcing the agreement.
Because of this, it is different from a legal agreement or contract, because a legal agreement or contract can be enforced if needed.
Hovenia dulcis is also called the oriental raisin tree.
It is a plant that lives in Japan, Korea, Eastern China and the Himalayas.
The oriental raisin tree grows about 10 meters tall.
Its bark of the tree is dark gray.
Its flowers are white, and they open between June and July.
The tree grows fruit in September and October.
The fruits are brown, and they are shaped like a chicken's claw.
Its seeds fall off from February to March.
Its germination rate, which is the number of seeds that begin to spore or grow, is about 2 – 15%.
Most trees begin to grow their own fruit when they are two years old.
The oriental raisin tree can grow with shade or light.
Cold does not hurt the tree, but too much time without rain does hurt it.
Unlike many other plants, the oriental raisin tree can grow even if the soil has lots of salt in it, so often lives near the sea.
Pollution does not hurt the oriental raisin tree either, so it can live in cities and other industrial areas.
Uses and effects
The wood of the oriental raisin tree can be used to make buildings, musical instruments, ships, and furniture.
Because the stem tastes sweet, people like to eat it and make drinks from it.
This stem is also used for medicine.
"Dalit" refers to socially, economically and historically marginalized communities predominantly in India .
It also means "broken/scattered" in Sanskrit and Hindi .
The term dalits was in use as a translation for the British Raj census classification of Depressed Classes prior to 1935.
It was popularised by the economist and reformer B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956), who included all depressed people irrespective of their caste into the definition of dalits.
Hence the first group he made was called the "Labour Party" and included as its members all people of the society who were kept depressed, including women, small scale farmers and people from backward castes.
Dr. Ambedkar fought for a separate electorate for Dalits in Ramsay MacDonald’s Communal Award during British Raj.
This award would have ensured adequate representation of Dalit community enabling them to vote for their candidate.
In 1932, the British Raj recommended separate electorates to select leaders for Dalits in the Communal Award.
This was favoured by Ambedkar but when Mahatma Gandhi opposed the proposal it resulted in the Poona Pact.
That in turn influenced the Government of India Act, 1935, which introduced the reservation of seats for the Depressed Classes, now renamed as Scheduled Castes.
Dalit (from Sanskrit ‘dal’ which means to split, to crack, to break) is the name given to a group of people who have been historically considered outcasts in Hindu societies from South Asia (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh) and Eastern Africa (Somalia).
Today, the Dalits, formerly known as "Chandala" (Untouchables), have increasingly adopted the term “Dalit” as their way out of the social segregation imposed by the caste system.
New leaders like Kanhaiya Kumar subscribe to this definition of "dalits", thus a Brahmin marginal farmer trying to eke out a living, but unable to do so also falls in the "dalit" category.
Ambedkar himself was a Mahar, and in the 1970s the use of the word "dalit" was invigorated when it was adopted by the Dalit Panthers activist group.
Gradually, political parties used it to gain mileage.
What is untouchability?
Untouchability, is an ancient form of discrimination based upon caste.
It is not merely the inability to touch a human being but also an attitude towards a minority group translated into various physical acts, norms and practices.
Types of discrimination
In rural areas, Dalits are often not allowed to engage in cultural and social activities with the rest of the community, including entering temples, sitting in the main spaces of villages, taking part in religious programs, and eating with the rest of the community during village ceremonies
Dalits are also not allowed to use the same items as non-Dalits in the communities; they are not allowed to rent or even enter homes of non-Dalits, use the same wells, eat and drink from the same dishes
In schools, Dalit children are often forced to sit separately from the rest of the students during the midday meal and are the only ones asked to clean latrines in the schools.
Being forced to wear caste markers (such as caste wristbands) to school
The prohibition of marrying with members of other castes
The prohibition of contesting in elections and exercising their right to vote
The prohibition of hoisting the national flag during Independence or Republic days
They are forced to vote or not to vote for certain candidates during the elections
Facing social boycotts by dominant castes for refusing to perform “duties".
Literacy and education
Untouchability in schools has contributed to drop-out and illiteracy levels for Dalit children.
The 1991 census of India reported that Dalit communities were one of the least literate social groups in the country, with only 30% of Dalit children recognized to have basic reading and writing skills.
Poor health
Half of India's Dalit children are undernourished, 21% are 'severely underweight', and 12% die before their 5th birthday.
Between 1998-1999 at least 50% of Dalit women suffered from anemia.
High morbidity and child mortality are firmly linked to their low quality of life imposed by poverty, educational status and discrimination.
Social reform in India
There have been many attempts to neutralize the caste-based discrimination.
In the 1930s, the teachings of B. R. Ambedkar  and Mahatma Gandhi began to change attitudes towards the Dalit minority.
In 1949 ‘Untouchability’ was outlawed by the Indian constitution and Indian law does not permit the practice of a caste system.
Discrimination against the Dalit minority has become an important human rights and political issue.
Even so, in rural areas the Dalits are still facing the consequences of the slow and steady decline of discrimination.
Today, the Dalit movements (The Dalit Panther Movement, the Dalit Mahasabha and the Dalit Sangharsh Samithi) which have emerged during the 20th century continue to struggle for equality and implementation of Communal Award.
The progress of the past few decades shows hope for an improved level of equality within Indian society.
In 1997,  Kocheril Raman Narayanan became the
first Dalit to have been elected President of India Another important political figure was Mayawati Kumari, the leader of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) which represents the Dalits.
She has been elected four times as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state.
The National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NCDHR) established in 1998 by Dalit human rights activists, is one of many organizations committed to the elimination of caste discrimination.
It's main objectives are “to hold the State accountable for all Human Rights violations committed against Dalits; to sensitize civil society by raising visibility of the Dalit problem; and to render justice to Dalit victims of discrimination and violence.”
The International Dalit Solidarity Network, which was established in 2000, is another organization concerned about caste discrimination and similar forms of discrimination based on work and descent.
It has emerged as a network of national solidarity groups from affected countries such as those in South Asia and even West Africa.
Untouchability and Violence against Dalits
HCDHR Report on Dalits’ Access to Rights
BBC Article “All human beings are free and equal in dignity and rights”
National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NCDHR) India, 2006
Mesosaurus is an extinct marine  reptile from the early Permian of southern Africa and South America.
It was one of the first known marine reptiles, and had many adaptations to a fully aquatic lifestyle.
It is sometimes considered an anapsid, but there is some disagreement about that.
It is described by Benton as a 'parareptile', that is, a sauropsid.
Mesosaurus was one of the first reptiles to return to the water after early tetrapods came to land in the later Devonian.
It was around  in length, with webbed feet, a streamlined body, and a long tail that may have supported a fin.
It probably propelled itself through the water with its long hind legs and flexible tail.
Its body was also flexible and could easily move sideways, but it had heavily thickened ribs, which would have prevented it from twisting its body.
Specimens show it was viviparous, bearing live young.
Mesosaurus had a small skull with long jaws.
The nostrils were located at the top, allowing the creature to breathe with only the upper side of its head breaking the surface.
Its teeth were suitable for catching small nektonic prey such as crustaceans.
Mesosaurus was significant in providing evidence for the theory of continental drift, because its remains were found in southern Africa and eastern South America, two far away places.
As Mesosaurus was a coastal animal, and therefore could not have crossed the Atlantic Ocean, this distribution indicated that the two continents used to be joined together.
Bokbunja ju (hangul: 복분자주; hanja: 覆盆子酒; also spelled bokbunjaju, bokbunja-ju, or bokbunjajoo, and also called bokbunja wine) is a Korean traditional wine made from fermented Korean black raspberries called bokbunja (hangul: 복분자; hanja: ; Rubus coreanus).
It is made by fermenting berries with water.
Bokbunja ju is crimson in color and sweet.
It has between 15% and 19% alcohol by volume, depending on the brand.
Koreans believe that it is good for health  and promotes male sexual stamina.
It is often drunk on special occasions.
A hangwa is a Korean traditional cookie.
Hangwa includes Yumilgwa Yugwa, Dasik Dasik and Yeot Gangjeong.
Hangwa is also called Jogwa since it is made of diverse grains and looks like fruits.
Hangwa was very popular among people over the Shilla and Goryeo because the yield of grains had went up a lot and people tried not to eat meat for religious reasons.
The religion at that time was Buddhism.
Since then, Hangwa has become necessary in wedding ceremonies, memorial sacrifice days, and social dinners.
Types of Hangwa
Hangwa does not go bad easily because it is very good at preservation.
This comes from the fermentation of grains and use of honey.
Also, Hangwa is very nutritious.
Ancestors thought that food was natural medicine and the idea was reflected on the nutrition of Hangwa too.
Also, Hangwa shows Korean traditional virtue and emotions.
It represents the warmth of neighbors.
In ancient times, when people had ceremonies or social meetings, they made their guest go back with some food, which was mostly Tteok and Hangwa.
In other words, Hangwa talks about the kindness and the affection between people in Korea.
한과의 디저트 상품화를 위한 브랜드아이덴티티 디자인 개발 연구
International Strategy of Rice Cake and Korean Traditional Cookie
What is Hangwa
The origin of Hangwa
was a  after Genroku and before Shōtoku.
This period started in March 1704 and ended in April 1711.
Events of the Hōei era
11 November 1707 (Hōei 4, 14th day of the 10th month): 1707 Hōei earthquake, also called the "Great Hōei Earthquake".
16 December 1707 (Hōei 4, 23nd day of the 11th month): After the eruption of Mount Fuji, cinders and ash fell like rain in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi.
1708 (Hōei 5): The shogunate introduces new copper coins into circulation; and each coin is marked with the Hōei nengō name (Hōei Tsubo).
28 April 1708 (Hōei 5, 8th day of the 3rd month): There was a great fire in Heian-kyō.
19 February 1709 (Hōei 6, 10th day of the 1st month): Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi died.
1709 (Hōei 6, 4th month): Tokugawa Ienobu became the head of the Tokugawa shogunate.
7 August 1709 (Hōei 6, 2nd day of the 7th month): Emperor Higashiyama abdicated; and his son received the succession (senso).
Soon after, Emperor Nakamikado's role as monarch was confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).
16 January 1710 (Hōei 6, 17th day of the 12th month): Former-Emperor Higashiyama died.
7 July 1710-22 March 1711 (Hōei 7, 11th day of the 6th month – Shōtoku 1, 4th day of the 2nd month): Diplomatic mission from Ryukyuan Kingdom was received in Edo.
1711 disestablishments
The Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps) is a small bird.
It is the only species in the genus Auriparus, and the only species in the family found in the New World.
The Verdin is a very small bird.
At 4.5 inches in length, it rivals the Bushtit as one of the smallest passerines in North America.
It is gray overall, and adults have a bright yellow head and rusty "shoulder patch" (the lesser coverts).
Unlike the tits, it has a sharply pointed bill.
Verdins are insectivores.
They keep looking among the desert trees and scrubs.
They usually live alone except when they pair up to make their nests.
They are very friendly birds.
Verdins occasionally try to get tidbits of dried sugar water from hummingbird feeders.
The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Eje Volcánico Transversal) also known as the Transvolcanic Belt and locally as the Sierra Nevada (Snowy Mountain Range), is a volcanic belt that extends 900 km from west to east across central-southern Mexico.
Several of its highest peaks have snow all year long, and during clear weather, they can be seen bythose who live in Mexico on the many high plateaus from which these volcanoes rise.
A volcanic belt is a large volcanically active place.
Other terms are used for smaller areas of activity such as volcanic fields.
Volcanic belts are found above zones of very high temperature (700-1400°C) where magma is made by melting of rock in the Earth's crust and upper mantle.
These areas usually appear along tectonic plate boundaries at depths of 10-50 km.
Sikhae is a salted fermented food with grains in Korean cuisine as one of jeotgal.
Sikhae is made with various fish, such as flat fish, shellfish, pollack, squid and fish intestines, and cooked grains, such as rice, glutinous rice,  glutinous foxtail millet and nonglutinous millet.
Sikhae is less salty than jeotgal because most jeotgal is made with seafood and salt, but sikhae is made with not only the ingredients of jeotgal but also grains, shredded radish, etc.
Therefore, sikhae is stored for short-term, while jeotgal is able to be stored for rather long-term because of the large amount of salt.
The types of sikhae can be different, depending on the main ingredients, regions, what the family and the person like.
In past times, because of the limited transportation, regions near the sea had more types of sikhae compared to the inland areas.
Koreans usually eat this food as a banchan (small dishes of food).
History (Documentaries on Sikhae)
Sikhae was not included in any literature before the early part of the Korean Joseon Dynasty.
However, that doesn't mean there was not sikhae and rather it guesses that sikhae was not written down.
After the middle of Joseon Dynasty, sikhae have been mentioned in literature.
Sikhae is made with fish, salt, cooked rice, Korean traditional spices, etc.
First, wash fishes and put drained fishes with salt in a pot.
After about 10 days, take the salted fishes out of the pot, cut them into bite-size pieces and then put them with cooked rice and chili powder in the pot again.
Lastly, put shredded radish into the pot after another four days and finally eat sikhae as 10 more days are passing.
Gajamisikhae (가자미식해) - gajamisikhae made with flat fish(gajami, 가자미) in Hamgyong-do
- Gajamisikhae is the typical and popular Korean sikhae.
It is made mostly in the region of North Korea.
Dorumooksikhae (도루묵식해) - dorumooksikhae made with sailfin-sandfish(dorumook, 도루묵) in Gangwon-do
Boogasikhae (북어식해) - boogasikhae made with dried pollack(Booga, 북어) in Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangnam-do
Mareungogisikhae (마른고기식해) - Mareungogisikhae made with dried squid(mareun ojingeo, 마른 오징어) in Gyeongsang-do
Yeonansikhae (연안식해) - Yeonansikhae made with the flesh of a shellfish or clam meat(joegaetsal, 조갯살) in Hwanghae-do
Sikhae has a lot of effects.
First, sikhae, as one of fermented food, is easily digested by creating peptone, peptide, and free amino acid through the process of decomposition of protein and so good nourishing food for patients, the old and the infirm and children.
Also, millet, one of ingredients of Sikhae, helps people warm body in the winter when people have cold hands or feet due to the very cold weather.
Information about Sikhae
For the constant pertaining to energy of black body radiation see Stefan–Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant (k or kB) is a physical constant.
It is defined to be  J/K. It relates the average kinetic energy of a particle in a gas with the temperature of the gas.
It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant NA:
The Boltzmann constant has SI units of J⋅K−1 (also written J/K), the same as entropy.
It is named after the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann.
December Boys is a 2007 Australian movie.
It was directed by Rod Hardy and written by Marc Rosenberg.
It was taken from the 1963 novel of the same name by Michael Noonan.
It was released on 14 September 2007 in the UK and US and 20 September 2007 in Australia.
December Boys is Daniel Radcliffe's first non-Harry Potter movie role since 2001's The Tailor of Panama.
An anapsid is an amniote whose skull does not have openings on the sides behind the eyes.
A primitive ('basal') condition for early amniotes in the Mississippian (early Carboniferous).
A secondary ('derived') condition of some other reptile groups, probably including turtles (Chelonia).
The bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) is a long-tailed tit found in North America.
It is the only species in the family found in the New World, and the only member of the genus Psaltriparus.
The bushtit lives in mixed open woodlands.
It also lives in parks and gardens.
It lives in the western United States and highland parts of Mexico all year, ranging from Vancouver through the Great Basin and the lowlands and foothills of California to southern Mexico and Guatemala.
The bushtit is one of the smallest passerines in North America, at 11 cm in length and 5.3 g in weight.
It is gray-brown overall, with a large head, a short neck, a long tail, and a short stubby bill.
The bushtit is active and gregarious, searching for small insects and spiders in mixed-species feeding flocks with species such as chickadees and warblers, of 10 to over 40 birds.
Members of the group keep making calls to each other that can be described as a short tsit.
A duck pond is a pond for ducks and other waterfowl.
Duck ponds give habitats for water fowl and other birds who use the water to bathe in and drink.
Duck ponds usually attract people who come to feed the ducks.
Hōei, a Japanese era name (1704-1711)
Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji, most recent event at this active volcano (December 1707-January 1708)
A diapsid is a reptile with two fenestrae (holes) behind the eye on each side of its skull.
Most reptiles are diapsids, and the condition does not occur in mammals.
The function of the holes is to improve jaw movements, and to reduce the weight of the skull.
The holes give places for muscle attachment; also, as jaw muscles contract, the holes allow space for the muscles to bulge.
The Allosaurus skull shows the way the skull became lighter in dinosaurs, especially the large theropods.
It is here not much more than a series of struts, yet provides massive bite power.
Euryapsids
Some aquatic reptile groups lost the lower of the two openings, leaving just one behind the eye.
This is called the euryapsid condition.
It is fairly certain that this is secondary, and that the groups were originally diapsids.
The groups include:
World of Tanks is a team-based massively played multiplayer online game featuring tanks from the World War II era.
the 1930s to the 1950s.
World of Tanks includes more than 500 armored vehicles from China,the Soviet Union, Germany, the United States, France, Britain, Japan,Italy, Sweden, Poland, Hungary, and Romania.
The vehicles have been carefully detailed with historical accuracy.
Eventually, there will be around 500 vehicles available in the game.
World of Tanks was released on April 12, 2011 in Europe and North America.
There has been a mobile version of the game, World of Tanks Blitz
A Multiplayer Online Game is a multiplayer video game which can be played over the internet, with other players around the world.
Some examples of this are Battlefield 2, Halo 3, Counter-Strike, Quake 3, StarCraft,  Call of Duty: Black Ops, NBA 2K11, and the Sega Meganet.
NBA 2K11 is a basketball video game.
It was developed by Visual Concepts and 3K Sports and published by 2K Sports.
It was released on October 5, 2010 on Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, PC, while the Wii version came out on October 21, 2010.
Retired Chicago Bulls star Michael Jordan is the cover athlete of the game and is featured in the game in different ways.
NBA 2K11 is the successor to NBA 2K10 and is succeeded by NBA 2K12.
Heydar Aliyev International Airport (IATA: GYD, ICAO: UBBB) is the international airport in Azerbaijan.
It is 20 km (12 mi) northeast of the capital city Baku.
The airport is the home of Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL).
Heydar Aliyev International Airport Renovation Project
Baku International Airport Official Website
Buildings and structures in Azerbaijan
Doug Hutchison (born 26 May 1960) is an  American actor.
He was in the X-Files and The Green Mile.
He owns the production company Dark Water Inc.Hutchison was born in Dover, Delaware, the son of Deloris and Richard Hutchison.
On May 20, 2011, Hutchison married Courtney Alexis Stodden (born August 29, 1994) in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Stodden is Hutchison's third wife.
Actors from Delaware
People from Dover, Delaware
Major advances were made to weapon technology during World War I.  There were better grenades, flame throwers,  poison gas, and artillery.
The submarine, warplane and the tank were new weapons.
Both sides used a much better heavy machine gun than they had used before in Europe.
Four to six people worked one.
They fired 400 to 600 bullets per minute.
The machine guns got too hot and needed water on them.
This kind of  gun was invented in 1884 by Hiram Maxim.
The German version was the MG08.
The British used the Vickers machine gun, which was very safe and easy to use.
The machine guns changed how war went; and killed many soldiers.
Because they sometimes got too hot, they could be slow.
In case that one of the crew of the machine gun were shot, the whole squad were trained to fill their spot.
As the war progressed, more machine guns were used in trench warfare in combination with barbed wire defensive positions, making them the most deadly weapon on the battle field.
The normal British army rifle was the Lee Enfield 0.303.
This was made in 1907 by James Lee.
The Lee Enfield could fire twelve bullets per minute.
The Germans used the Mauser rifle made in 1898 by Paul Mauser.
This was an excellent rifle, but it only held five bullets.
is a PC game.
It was made in 2007 by a Japanese game creator named Kikiyama.
It was created using RPG Maker 2003.
It is about a girl named  who has odd dreams when she falls asleep.
The player controls Madotsuki and can move her using the arrow keys.
If you make her go to sleep by interacting with the bed, she goes into a dream version of her room.
From there, you can make her explore 12 different dream worlds by going through doors that are in a large, dark place north of her room.
Yume Nikki & KIKIYAMA's Official Website
Download Yume Nikki
Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (October 8, 1890 – July 23, 1973) was an American fighter ace in World War I. He was also a Medal of Honor recipient.
With 26 aerial victories he was America's most successful fighter ace in the war.
He was also a race car driver and automotive designer.
He was a government consultant in military matters and a pioneer in airline transport.
He was also the longtime head of Eastern Air Lines.
He was born Edward Richenbacher (without a middle name) in Columbus, Ohio.
His parents were German-speaking Swiss immigrants.
Since childhood he loved machines and experimented with them.
He was encouraged by his father's words: "A machine has to have a purpose".
Rickenbacker nearly died many times.
He had an early run-in with a horse-drawn carriage, a botched tonsillectomy and multiple airplane crashes.
His first near death experience occurred when he was in the "Horsehead Gang".
He lived near a mine and they decided to ride a cart down the slope.
It tipped over and almost crushed them.
He stopped going to school in grade seven after the accidental death of his father on August 26, 1904.
Rickenbacker found jobs to help support the family.
Driven by an intense admiration for machines he taught himself as much as he could.
This included enrolling in a correspondence course in engineering.
He aggressively pursued any chance of involvement with automobiles.
Rickenbacker went to work at the Columbus Buggy Company.
He eventually becoming a salesman.
Rickenbacker became well known as a race car driver.
He competed in the Indianapolis 500 four times before World War I. He earned the nickname "Fast Eddie".
He joined the Maxwell Race Team in 1915 after leaving Peugeot.
After the Maxwell team disbanded that same year, he joined the Prest-O-Lite team as manager and continued to race improved Maxwells for Prest-O-Lite.
He was in the United States Army in 1917 when Congress declared war.
Soon he was in France where he became a pilot.
Verified aerial victories
Military Awards
Edward V. Rickenbacker, Colonel, specialist reserve, then first lieutenant, 94th Aero Squadron, Air Service, American Expeditionary Forces.
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy near Billy, France, September 25, 1918.