the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Organic chemistry in its application to agriculture and physiology); and
Die Organische Chemie in ihrer Anwendung auf Physiologie und Pathologie.
Brunswick 1842. (
Organic chemistry in its application to physiology and pathology).
Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859)
Voyages aux Régions Equinoxiales du Nouveau Continent fait en 1799–1804.
Describes the geography and natural history of South America.
Kosmos: Entwurf einer Physischen Weltbeschreibung 4 vols, Stuttgart & Tübingen 1845–62.
A fifth volume was published from his notes.
The work is a summary of all that was known of the natural sciences of his day and, by 1852, 80,000 copies had been sold.
Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and the theory of evolution:
with Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913): On the tendency of species to form varieties; and on the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural selection.
Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, London 1858.
Charles Darwin On the origin of species by means of natural selection.
London 1859.
Charles Darwin The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex.
London, 1871.
Albert Einstein (1879–1955) Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie.
Leipzig 1916. (
Foundations of the general theory of relativity) and its popular version Über die spezielle und die allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, gemeinverständlich (On the special and general theory of relativity: a popular account) Braunschweig 1917.
The greatest work in physics since Newton.
Journal publication of the ideas came first.
Ronald Fisher (1890–1962) The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection 1930; 1950.
A building-block of the modern evolutionary synthesis.
Most morning glory flowers curl up and close during the warm parts of the day, and are wide open in the morning, like their name.
On a cloudy day, the flower may last until night.
The flowers usually start to fade a few hours before the petals start curling.
They prefer full sun throughout the day.
Some morning glories, such as Ipomoea muricata, are night blooming flowers.
Cooking uses
Ipomoea aquatica, known as "water spinach", "water morning-glory", "water convolvulus", "Ong-Choy", "Kang-kung", or "swamp cabbage", is used as a green vegetable.
en:Morning glory
Leaves and flowers are covered with white hairs and look woolly.
Each Edelweiss bloom has five to six small yellow flower heads surrounded by leaflets in a star shape.
The flowers are in bloom between July and September.
The Edelweiss prefers rocky limestone places.
It has been used traditionally in folk medicine.
The hair on the flower protect the Edelweiss from cold.
The flowers are perfect with five narrow, triangular-pointed petals.
Flowers are most often blue in color, although pink flowers are sometimes examined.
White flowered types are also grown.
As a fresh vegetable, borage, with a cucumber like taste, is often used in salads or as a garnish.
The flower, which has the non-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid thesinine, has a sweet honey-like taste and as one of the few truly blue-colored eatable things, is often used to decorate dessert.
Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) is a fast-growing eatable herb that is related to watercress and mustard, sharing their peppery taste and aroma.
Garden cress is usually grown in England, France, the Netherlands and Scandinavia.
Garden Cress is added to soups, sandwiches and salads for its tangy taste.
It is also eaten as sprouts, and the fresh or dried seed pods can be used as a peppery seasoning.
In England, cut cress shoots are used in sandwiches with boiled eggs, mayonnaise and salt.
The tonka bean is the seed of Dipteryx odorata, a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae.
They are black and wrinkled and have a smooth brown center.
Tonka Beans had been used as a vanilla substitute, as a perfume, and in tobacco before being banned in some countries.
They are used in some French cuisine (particularly, in desserts and stews) and in perfumes.
Today, main producers of the seeds are Venezuela and Nigeria.
Herculaneum was an ancient Roman town.
It was completely destroyed when the volcano Mount Vesuvius erupted on 24 August, 79 AD.
Herculaneum was covered by volcanic mud during the eruption, which quickly hardened to a semi-rock material.
Herculaneum is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Unlike Pompeii, the deep pyroclastic material which covered it preserved most objects in its path.
Archaeologists have recovered wooden and other objects such as rooves, beds, doors, and food.
Some 300 skeletons  were discovered along the sea shore.
It was thought until then that the town had been evacuated by its inhabitants.
Herculaneum was a wealthier town than Pompeii.
It had many fine houses with a lavish use of coloured marble cladding, mosaics and wall paintings.
He started playing in the local soccer club SGA Sirnitz and played in different youth teams.
2006 he came to Red Bull Salzburg.
His first match in professional football was on April, 23rd 2006 in the second squad of Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Football First League, which is the second highest league in Austria.
Due to the injury of Andreas Ulmer he was transferred to the first squad.
His first match in the Bundesliga was versus SV Kapfenberg on October 16, 2010.
Five days later he debuted in an international match versus Juventus Turin.
In the season 2010/11 he plaed 17 times for the first squad of FC Salzburg.
This was honoured through the title "Rookie of the Year 2010" in the Leonidas-election where the best athlets in Salzburg are elected.
In the 2013/14 season he became a regular member of the starting team.
Martin Hinteregger played in different Austrian youth teams so U17 (two times), U18 and U19(4 times).
U stands for "under".
On November 19th, 2013 he played his first match in the national team against the USA.
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology which studies rock formations called strata (layers).
It is important in the study of sedimentary and layered vocanic rocks.
The subject was established by Nicolaus Steno whose book De solido contained these principles:
law of superposition: layers above were laid down after layers below.
principle of original horizontality: layers horizontal when they were laid down.
principle of lateral continuity in layers of sediment.
Each stratum extended horizontally until some obstacle stopped it.
William Smith first used stratigraphy for a practical purpose in the 1790s and early 19th century.
Smith, nicknamed "Strata Smith", made the first geological map of England.
He understood that fossils could be used identify the same strata in different places.
He took samples and mapped the positions of the strata, noted the vertical extent of the strata, and drew cross-sections and tables of what he saw.
Smith amassed a huge collection of fossils in strata he had examined.
His most significant finding was:
The principle of faunal succession: sedimentary rock strata contain fossilized flora and fauna, and these fossils succeed each other vertically in a specific, reliable order which can be identified over wide horizontal distances.
There are many consequences of this idea.
For geologists it means that when they find identical fossils in strata in different parts of the world, those strata were laid down at the same time.
Also (this is a later realisation) the ecological conditions in which they were laid down would have been similar or identical in the different places.
Lithostratigraphy
Lithostratigraphy deals with the physical rock type and how it changes from place to place.
Changes in the rock (facies change) reflect changing environments of deposition.
One of stratigraphy's basic concepts is codified in the law of superposition, which simply states that, in an undeformed stratigraphic sequence, the oldest strata occur at the base of the sequence.
Biostratigraphy
Biostratigraphy is based on fossil evidence in the rock layers.
If strata from different places have the same fossil fauna and flora, they were laid down at the same time.
Biostratigraphy was based on William Smith's principle of faunal succession, which was one of the first and most powerful lines of evidence for evolution.
It gives evidence of the formation (speciation) and extinction of species.
The geological timescale was developed during the 19th century based on the evidence of biostratigraphy and faunal succession.
This timescale remained a relative scale until the development of radiometric dating, which gave it an absolute time framework.
Insulin pumps are medical devices used to administering insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus.
These devices are an alternative to constant and daily injections of insulin via syringe or pen.
An insulin pump allows intensive insulin therapy when used along with carb counting and blood glucose monitors.
Robert John Wagner, Jr. (born February 10, 1930 in Detroit, Michigan, U.S.), is an American actor.
His paternal grandparents were from Germany.
His career began in 1950 as an extra in the movie The Happy Years.
Then he got a role in the war films Halls of Montezuma (1951), and The Frogmen (1951), with Richard Widmark, What Price Glory? (
1952) with James Cagney and directed by John Ford.
Then would have outstanding performances in movies as Prince Valiant (1954) directed by Henry Hathaway and the Western, Broken Lance (1954) with Spencer Tracy and directed by Edward Dmytryk.
In 1955 he obtained his first starred in the Western White Feather (1955), followed by Film-Noir A Kiss Before Dying (1956) and war film Between Heaven and Hell (1956) directed by Richard Fleischer.
His works in the 1960's include The Longest Day (1962), The War Lover (1962) with Steve McQueen, The Pink Panther (1963) with Peter Sellers, and Banning (1967)
1970s - 1980s
In 1974 Wagner, plays of role of Bigelow, one of the people trapped in burning building in The Towering Inferno, with Steve McQueen and Paul Newman and directed by John Guillermin.
He also co-starred in The Concorde... Airport '79 (1979) with Alain Delon.
In the 1980 he gets a few roles in movies like Curse of the Pink Panther (1983) directed by Blake Edwards, and I Am the Cheese (1983).
Robert Wagner starred in three successful series for American television.
One of them was It Takes a Thief, Alexander Mundy a spy performing dangerous missions for the government of the United States.
I also work in the series Fred Astaire as Alistair Mundy.
Wagner starred in the series for 66 episodes between 1968 and 1970.
and was nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe Awards in 1970
In 1975 Wagner stars with Eddie Albert, the series of detectives created by Glen A. Larson, Switch (1975 - 1978).
he plays detective Pete T. Ryan.
Robert Wagner on Yahoo!
Articles about Robert Wagner, a Malibu resident, can be found at The Malibu Times
Waves at shallow water develop when the ocean surface waves travel into the coastal area where the wavelength is much larger than the water depth.
The normal circular motion of the water particles there is disrupted by the ocean bottom.
As the water becomes shallower, the swell on the water surface becomes higher and steeper.
After the wave breaks, the water flows violently, turbulently.
This is where erosion of the ocean bottom and shore line intensifies dramatically.
The most devastating effect may happen in the case of tsunami.
Early in his career, Roberts got a small role in the film Desire Under the Elms (1958) with Sophia Loren and Anthony Perkins.
He worked in the western film starring Glenn Ford, The Sheepman (1958).
In 1959, Roberts got a co-star role in the western film Ride Lonesome, with Randolph Scott.
In 1959, he contracted with Lorne Greene, Michael Landon and Dan Blocker to star in the NBC television series Bonanza.
Roberts played Adam Cartwright, the eldest son of Ben Cartwright (Lorne Greene).
In the 1970s he starred in westerns such as Four Rode Out (1970) and TV Western The Bravos (1972) with George Peppard.
He also starred in the television western High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane (1980) with Lee Majors.
His other success in television was in the series Trapper John, M.D. (1979-1986).
He played the doctor John McIntyre.
Roberts was a special guest star in many TV shows like Tombstone Territory (1958), Zane Grey Theater (1958), The Detectives starring Robert Taylor (1960), Jim West, Gunsmoke (1967), Mission Impossible (1967-1973), Banacek (1972), Mannix (1973), Police Story (1974-1975), The Six Million Dollar Man (1976), Baretta (1977), Vega$ (1980) and Diagnosis Murder (1994-1997).
Westerbork was a concentration camp in Drenthe in the Netherlands.
It was used by the Nazis in World War II.
Nazi concentration camps
The Sievert, abbreviated Sv is the SI unit to measure the equivalent dose of ionizing radiation.
It looks at how an organism reacts to a given dose.
This is different from measuring the total absorbed dose, which is done in gray.
It is named after Rolf Sievert, a Swedish physicist and doctor, who did research on how radiation affects organisms.
This article lists some of concentration camps set up by the Third Reich, and includes camps such as Dachau which was set up at first to help the Nazis keep power and control political opponents, and other camps such as Auschwitz which was set up to help fulfil the Final Solution.
The German Ministry of Justice, in 1967,  named about 1200 camps and subcamps in countries occupied by Nazi Germany, while the Jewish Virtual Library writes "It is estimated that the Nazis established 15,000 camps in the occupied countries."
Most of these camps were destroyed.
Table of selected Nazi concentration camps
The Event was an American television show on NBC.
It is in the genre of science fiction.
It is about a group of aliens who come to Earth.
97 of these aliens are being held by the United States government.
They were held held for 66 years until they escaped.
The show will have 22 episodes for the first season.
On May 13, 2011, NBC announced that the show will end after one season due to declining ratings.
However the producers said that Netflix or Syfy may pick it up.
At the end of World War II the aliens crash into Alaska.
Some of them are taken by the United States.
Others get away.
They stay hidden taking normal jobs.
Some of them are helping the aliens get back home.
President Elias Martinez decides to release the aliens.
However as he is holding a press conference the an airplane attempts to kill him.
It does not work because the Aliens transport the plane to a desert in Arizona.
The aliens that were being held told him that they were the only ones.
However that was not true.
Soon they escape the prison and attempt to kill the president.
They have the Vice-President help with this.
They save him.
The Event reached 10,800,000 people watching it for the first episode.
However after that the ratings went down slowly to 4,000,000 for episode 14.
Before the show premiered, it was a mixture of 24, Lost and  The 4400.
However many viewers found this show confusing and hard to follow.
This was because of constant flashbacks and time jumps.
The show soon went on a hiatus and came back with no more flashbacks.
Born in  De Kalb, Bowie County, Texas.
He began his career as an actor in short films such as Hook a Crook (1955) with Joe Besser, and Outer Space Jitters (1957), starring The Three Stooges.
Blocker also starred in several roles in the series The Restless Gun (1957), with John Payne.
Then play a regular role in Cimarron City 1958-1959, as Tiny Carl Budinger.
He was also a guest-star on the TV western Sheriff of Cochise, Zane Grey Theater, Have Gun - Will Travel, Cheyenne, Gunsmoke, Maverick, The Rebel, Colt 45, Wagon Train, Jefferson Drum.
He worked on such films as Gunsight Ridge (1957), with Joel McCrea, Come Blow Your Horn (1963), and Lady in Cement (1968) featuring Frank Sinatra.,
and participation in the TV movie with John Wayne, Swing Out, Sweet Land (1970) he plays a funny Indian.
In 1970 Dan Blocker starred in Western Cockeyed Cowboys of Calico County, accompanied by genre figures Noah Beery Jr., Jack Elam, and special star Mickey Rooney.
Dan Blocker is known for playing the role of Eric 'Hoss' Cartwright, in Bonanza, with Lorne Greene, Michael Landon and Pernell Roberts.
The American series was made by NBC (1959-1973).
Roadside America, Dan Blocker Memorial
Biography by Bruce Eder, Allmovie
Biography from Handbook of Texas online
Beerfelde in Steinhöfel
Biesenthal
Börnicke in Nauen
Döberitz in Dallgow-Döberitz
Drögen-Niendorf
Falkenhagen in Falkensee
Fürstenwalde
Fasterweide
Genshagen in Ludwigsfelde
Glau inTrebbin
Groß Rosen
Hohenlychen in Lychen
Karlsruhe in Plattenburg
Kleinmachnow
Königs Wusterhausen
Kolpin
Küstrin
Lieberose
Müggelheim in Berlin
Neudamm
Neuengamme
Pölitz
Prettin
Rathenow
Sachsenhausen
Schönwalde
Senftenberg
Storkow
Tettenborn
Treuenbrietzen
Werder
Wewelsburg
Construction labor teams that detained Poles:
Baubrigade 1
Baubrigade 8
Baubrigade 9
Baubrigade 10
Baubrigade 12
Baubrigade I
Baubrigade II
Baubrigade V
Baubrigade XIII
Lists of Nazi concentration camps
Barth
Belzig
Berlin (over ten camps)
Dabelow
Dresden Universelle
Fürstenberg/Havel
Genthin
Hennigsdorf
Hohenlychen
Karlshagen
Klützow
Koenigsberg/Neumark
Leipzig Shoenfeld
Malchow
Prenzlau
Ravensbrück
Rechlin
Retzow
Rostock-Marienehe
Schoenefeld, Krs.
Schwarzenforst
Velten
List of subcamps of the Kraków-Płaszów complex of Nazi concentration camps near Kraków, General Government, in occupied Poland between 1942–1944.
Kraków Prokocim (Julag II), established March 1943 at the former "Kabel" plant, 75 Prokocimska street.
Kraków Bieżanów (Julag III)
Kraków Zabłocie, Oskar Schindler's "Deutsche Emailwaren-Fabrik", former "Rekord" plant, 4 Lipowa street.
Kraków Liban, a quarry (Liban & Ehrenpreis)
Wieliczka
Poland-related lists
is a 2010 song from Barbadian singer Rihanna and Canadian rapper Drake.
This song was released in October 2010 and was praised by the music critics.
It was a commercial success, topping the US Billboard Hot 100 and becoming her third number-one song during 2010.
The song was Rihanna's seventh number-one hit in the US and Drake's first.
It also reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and the top five in Canada, Ireland, and New Zealand.
In the video for the song, Rihanna and Drake are seen walking in a city until they meet in a grocery store.
Rihanna dances throughout the video, with the two becoming romantic with one another.
Drake songs
Bocień (Bottschin)
Brusy (Bruß)
Bydgoszcz (Bromberg)
Cieszyny
Elbląg (Elbing]
Garczyn
Gdańsk (Danzig)
Gdańsk-Nowy Port (Danzig-Neufahrwasser)
Gdynia (Gotenhafen)
Graniczna Wieś (Grenzdorf)
Grudziądz (Graudenz)
Kępiny Wielkie (Zeyerniederkampen)
Kokoszki (Kokoschken)
Lębork (Lauenburg/Pommern)
Maćki (Matzkau)
Malken Mierzynek
Niskie-Brodno
Pelplin
Police, Poland (Pölitz)
Pruszcz (Praust)
Przebrno (Pröbernau)
Rusocin (Russoschin)
Sępopol (Schippenbeil)
Skowarcz (Schönwarling)
Słupsk (Stolp)
Sophienwalde
Starogard Gdański (Preußisch Stargard)
Toruń (Thorn)
Total list of all units (camps and commandos)
Bottschin
Bromberg-Ost
Chorabie
Danzig-Burggraben / Kokokszki
Danzig-Neufahrwasser
Danzigerwerf / Gdansk
Dzimianen
Elblag (Org.
Todt)
Elblag (Schinau)
Police / Szczecin
Gerdenau
Graudenz
Grenzdorf
Gutowo
Gwisdyn
Heiligenbeil
Jessu
Kokoschken
Kolkau
Krzemieniewo
Lauenburg
Nawitz
Niskie
Obrzycko
Prault
Pröbernau
Rosenberg / Brodnica
Scherokopas
Schiffenbeil
Serappen
Slipsk
Starorod
Pruszcz
Brusy
Torun (AEG, Org.
Detainment of Poles related to WWII
Long pepper (Piper longum), also known as the Indonesian long pepper, is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, known for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice.
Zedoary is a perennial herb.
This plant is native to India and Indonesia.
The eatable root of zedoary has a white core and an aroma like the mango; however, its taste is more similar to ginger, except with a very bitter aftertaste.
In Indonesia, it is ground to a powder and added to curry pastes, whereas in India, it tends to be used fresh or in pickling.
Zedoary is also used in some traditional eastern medicines.
Zedoary has been used to treat coronary heart disease, liver cancer, anemia, chronic pelvic inflammation and helps prevent leukopenia due to cancer therapies.
Hoja santa (Piper auritum) is a herb with a heart-shaped velvety leaf.
The name hoja santa means "sacred leaf" in Spanish language.
It is also known as yerba santa, hierba santa, Mexican pepperleaf, root beer plant, and sacred pepper.
The difficult taste of Hoja santa is not easy to describe.
It has been compared to eucalyptus, licorice, sassafras, anise, nutmeg, mint, tarragon, and black pepper.
The flavor is stronger in the young stems and veins.
Brandon McKinney (born August 24, 1983 in Dayton, Ohio) is an American football nose tackle for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL).
McKinney didn't get drafted but played college football at Michigan State University.
McKinney started his NFL career with the San Diego Chargers in 2006 and played 3 seasons with them before signing a contract with the Baltimore Ravens on October 8, 2008.
He played four seasons with the Ravens before signing with the Indianapolis Colts on April 4, 2012.
Brandon McKinney at nfl.com
Kelly Michael Gregg (born November 1, 1976 in Wichita, Kansas) is an American football nose tackle for the Baltimore Ravens.
Gregg was drafted out of the University of Oklahoma by the Cincinnati Bengals with the 173rd overall pick in the sixth round of the 1999 NFL Draft.
Gregg won Super Bowl XXXV while he was part of the Baltimore Ravens practice squad.
Kelly Gregg at nfl.com
Anquan Kenmile Boldin (born October 3, 1980 in Pahokee, Florida, USA) is an American football wide receiver for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL).
Boldin was drafted out of Florida State University by the Arizona Cardinals with the 54th overall pick in the second round of the 2003 NFL Draft.
Boldin has been selected for 3 Pro Bowls in 2003, 2006 and 2009.
He has been known for his physical play.
In 2017, Boldin and Malcolm Jenkins founded the Players Coalition to help NFL players work for racial justice.
Part of the Coalition is a charity and part is a political action group.
By January 2020, the Coalition had given more than US$25 million to charities.
During the 2020 George Floyd protests, Boldin appeared on The Daily Show to talk about police racism and how athletes and the NFL could help society.
He said why he founded the Players Coalition: "For me it was really important.
Unfortunately, I lost my cousin at the hands of law enforcement.
He was a drummer in a band.
One night after  ashow he had just played with his band, he ended up breaking down by the side of the road.
Long story short, a law enforcement officer killed him while he was on the phone with roadside assistance.
For me, seeing the pain my family went through, seeing how long the process was before we felt like justice was served, I didn't want any other family to have to deal with that."
"I can tell you that, even after having money, I found myself in those situations where I'm pulled over just because of the car that I'm driving or the color of my skin.
Having money doesn't exempt you from being black in America."
He said he was glad that sporting events had been canceled because of COVID-19: "The one thing I'm happy that is not happening right now is that sports isn't being played."
He then named many tournaments and other events that had been cancelled. "...
and everybody could be distracted by those things that are going on, but because you don't have sports, everybody's attention is focused on this one thing.
And I think, for us, this is the opportunity to really create change.
It's an opportunity for us to really strategize and have a game plan going forward.
So I'm actually happy that there are no sports because there's nothing to distract people from the real issue that needs to be talked about."
Anquan Boldin at NFL.com
Red Bank is a city in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States.
The population of Red Bank was 12,418 in 2000.
The city of Red Bank is an enclave.
Official website of the city of Red Bank
Cranbrook is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada.
Cranbrook is in the southeastern and the East Kootenay region of British Columbia.
At the 2006 census, 18,947 people lived in Cranbrook.
It was named a city in 1905.
Cranbrook is also home to an WHL team called the Kootenay Ice.
City of Cranbrook's Official website
Colwood is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada.
Colwood is southwest of Victoria.
It is on Vancouver Island.
There were 14,687 people living there at the 2006 consensus.
The current mayor of Colwood is David Saunders.
City of Colwood's Official website
The Alderney concentration camps were built and operated by Nazi Germany during its World War II occupation of the Channel Islands.
The Channel Islands were the only British Commonwealth soil to be occupied by the Nazis.
The Nazis built four concentration camps on Alderney Island, subcamps of the Neuengamme camp outside Hamburg.
They were named after the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney, Lager Borkum, Lager Sylt and Lager Helgoland.
The Nazi Organisation Todt operated each subcamp and used forced labour to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications.
The camps started working in January 1942 and had a total inmate population of about 6,000.
The Borkum and Helgoland camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but a little bit better than the inmates at the Sylt and Norderney camps.
The prisoners in Lager Sylt and Lager Norderney were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney.
Norderney camp housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers.
Lager Borkum was used for German technicians and "volunteers" from different countries of Europe.
In 1942, Lager Norderney, containing Russian and Polish POWs, and Lager Sylt, holding Jews, were placed under the control of the SS Hauptsturmführer Max List.
Over 700 of the inmates lost their lives before the camps were closed and the remaining inmates transferred to Nazi Germany in 1944.
After World War II, a court-martial case was prepared against ex-SS Hauptsturmführer Max List, citing atrocities on Alderney.
However, he did not stand trial, and is believed to have lived near Hamburg until his death in the 1980s.
Nazi concentration camps on Alderney
The Germans built four concentration camps on the island, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (in Hamburg, Germany).
Each subcamp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney at Saye, Lager Borkum at Platte Saline, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and Lager Helgoland, in the northwest corner of the island.
Over 700 people died in the Alderney concentration camps (out of a total inmate population of about 6,000).
These were the only Nazi concentration camps on British soil.
It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I–which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and after mid-February 1943 ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany.
It was used by the Nazi Organisation Todt, a forced labour programme, to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications.
Lager Borkum was near the centre of Alderney and was the smallest of the four camps.
The Borkum and Helgoland camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but marginally better than the inmates at the Sylt and Norderney camps.
Sylt camp held Jewish enforced labourers and was a death camp.
Lager Borkum was used for German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe.
Lager Helgoland was filled with Russian Organisation Todt workers. (
For further information on Alderney concentration camps, see Appendix F: Concentration Camps: Endlösung – The Final Solution; Alderney, a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman;.
After World War II, a court-martial case was prepared against ex-SS Hauptsturmführer Max List (the former commandant of Lagers Norderney and Sylt), citing atrocities on Alderney.
Nazi concentration camp list
Neuengamme concentration camp subcamp list
The Edward F. Lyons, Jr. papers, ca.
1917-1959 are in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA.
The Germans built four concentration camps on Alderney, run as subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (in Hamburg, Germany).
Each subcamp was named after one of the Frisian Islands:
Lager Norderney at Saye,
Lager Borkum at Platte Saline,
Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and
Lager Helgoland, in the northwest corner of the island.
700 people died in the Alderney concentration camps (out of a total inmate population of about 6,000).
It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I–which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near Berlin; and from mid-February 1943 under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany.
It was used by the Nazi Organisation Todt forced labour programme, to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications.
Lager Helgoland was in the northwest corner of Alderney.
The Borkum and Helgoland camps were called "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but marginally better than the inmates at the Sylt and Norderney camps.
700 people died in the Alderney concentration camps (out of about 6,000 inmates).
It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I–which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and since mid-February 1943 ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany.
The prisoners in Lager Norderney and Lager Sylt were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney.
Over 700 of the inmates lost their lives before the camps were closed and the remaining inmates transferred to Germany in 1944.
Lager Sylt was a Nazi concentration camp on Alderney in the Channel Islands, in operation between March 1943 and June 1944.
The Germans built one concentration camp and three Labour camps on the island, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (in Hamburg, Germany).
Lager Helgoland at Platte Saline,
Lager Borkum, near the Impot.
700 people are estimated to died in the camps on Alderney, although it is now believed to have been higher.
This was the only Nazi concentration camp on British soil.
It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I–which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and since mid-February 1943 ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany–near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère.
For further information on Alderney concentration camps, see Appendix F: Concentration Camps: Endlösung – The Final Solution; Alderney, a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman;)
The prisoners were from Russia and Europe, usually the east, but including Spanish Republicans.
Some of the few remaining unevacuated Alderney natives (round about 2% of the population) also found themselves in there.
In 1942, Lager Norderney, containing Russian and Polish POWs, and Lager Sylt, holding Jews, were placed under the control of SS Hauptsturmführer Max List.
Over 700 of the inmates are said to have lost their lives before the camps were closed and the remaining inmates transferred to Germany in 1944.
Alderney has been nicknamed "the island of silence", because little is known about what occurred there during the occupation.
The rest of the island was heavily fortified, mainly through the slave labour of the camp inmates.
The German officer left in charge of the facilities, Commandant Oberst Schwalm, burned the camps to the ground and destroyed all records connected with their use before the island was liberated by British forces on 16 May 1945.
The German garrison on Alderney surrendered a week after the other Channel Islands, and was one of the last garrisons to surrender in Europe.
The population were unable to start returning until December 1945.
The States (Alderney's governing body) decline to commemorate the sites of the four labour camps.
Local historian Colin Partridge feels this may be due to the locals' desire to separat themselves from the accusations of collaboration.
A faded memorial plate in the island's parish church mentions 45 Soviet citizens who died on Alderney in 1940-45 but does not  say how they died and why.
Lager Sylt Concentration Camp
Alderney camp commemoration, BBC Guernsey 2008
A Spanish Republican slave labourer
Nicolas Steno  also spelled as Nicolas Steno who lived 1 January 1638 – 25 November 1686 (NS: 11 January 1638 – 5 December 1686) was a Danish Catholic cleric and scientist who pioneered in both anatomy and geology.
In 1659 he decided not to accept anything written in a book and, instead, decided to find out things for himself.
He is considered the father of geology and stratigraphy.4; 96
Fossils and geology
He published his geologic studies in 1669: De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus, or Preliminary discourse to a dissertation on a solid body naturally contained within a solid.
Steno was not the first to identify fossils as being from living organisms.
His contemporaries Robert Hooke and John Ray also argued that fossils were the remains of once-living organisms.
Superposition: "...at the time when any given stratum was being formed, all the matter resting upon it was fluid, and, therefore, at the time when the lower stratum was being formed, none of the upper strata existed";
Horizontality: "Strata either perpendicular to the horizon or inclined to the horizon were at one time parallel to the horizon";
Lateral continuity: "Material forming any stratum were continuous over the surface of the Earth unless some other solid bodies stood in the way";
Cross-cutting discontinuities: "If a body or discontinuity cuts across a stratum, it must have formed after that stratum".
1686 deaths
Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is a herb that is related to parsley.
It is sometimes called garden chervil.
Sometimes called "gourmet's parsley", chervil is put in poultry, seafood, and small vegetables.
It is particularly famous in France, where it is added to omelettes, salads and soups.
More delicate than parsley, it has a small taste of liquorice.
Chervil had several traditional uses.
Pregnant women were washed in an infusion of it; a lotion of chervil was used as for cleaning skin; and it was used medicinally as a blood purifier.
It was also said to be useful for curing hiccups.
The Sims Medieval is a video game developed by The Sims Studio.
It is based on The Sims game series, and was released on March 22, 2011 by Electronic Arts.
It is available for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. The game is different from the previous versions of The Sims, in the sense that it is set in medieval times.
Players can build a kingdom, through a quest-driven gameplay.
The game has received mixed reviews from critics.
Spyro: Year of the Dragon is a platform game developed by Insomniac Games.
The game was published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the Playstation in 2000.
Year of the Dragon is the third chapter in the Spyro series.
It was the last Spyro game Insomniac developed; their next title would be Ratchet and Clank for the PlayStation 2.
It was released in North America and the PAL regions in October and November 2000, separately.
However, unlike the other 2 games, it was not given a Japanese release.
Named after the animal in the Chinese Zodiac, which was the symbol at the time of the game's release, Year of the Dragon is based on a nominal purple dragon Spyro as he travels to the "Forgotten Worlds" after 150 magical dragon eggs are stolen from the land of the dragons from an evil sorceress.
People travel through thirty different worlds collecting gems and eggs.
Year of the Dragon introduced new characters and minigames to the series, as well as improved graphics and music.
With it's release, the game sold more that two million copies in the United States and received critical approval.
Reviewers noted the game built on the successful formula of its former chapters by adding new activities and wide-ranging environments.
It was remade as a part of Spyro Reignited Trilogy.
Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly (also called Spyro 4) is a platform video game that was published by Universal Interactive.
The video game was released for the PlayStation 2 video game system.
The video game was released on November 3, 2002, in North America, November 29, 2002, in Europe and on December 13, 2002, in Australia for the PlayStation 2 and was released for the GameCube on November 8, 2002, in North America, November 29, 2002, in Europe and on December 13, 2002, in Australia.
2.8 out of 10 (GameSpot)
6.0 out of 10 (IGN)
3.2 out of 10 (GameSpot)
It is the fourth game in the Spyro video game series and also the first Spyro game that was not made by Insomniac Games.
Dulene website
Villages in Europe
WWE Tough Enough is a professional wrestling reality television program produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
Participants trained professionally and competed for a contract with WWE.
There were two winners each season for the first three competitions.
They were aired on MTV.
A fourth competition was held in 2004, with only a single winner, but was integrated into UPN's SmackDown!.
In October 2010, the USA Network said they would revive Tough Enough.
The new series will begin airing on April 4, 2011.
"E.T." is a song by singer Katy Perry.
It features rapper Kanye West.
It was released 16 February 2011 and has a stomp-stomp-clap beat or rhythm similar to Queen's We Will Rock You.
The Queen song has the band stamping their feet twice, and clapping once.
This single received mixed reviews by the music critics.
The song is style from the electronic music genre with elements from teen pop, with the lyrics speaking of falling in love with a foreigner.
Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles
Trail is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada.
Trail is in the West Kootenay region of British Columbia.
At the 2006 census, 7,237 people lived in Trail.
The current mayor of Trail is Mike Martin.
Trail has a BCHL (British Columbia Hockey League) ice hockey team called the Trail Smoke Eaters.
City of Trail's Official website
Jérôme d'Ambrosio (born 27 December 1985 in Etterbeek, Belgium) is a Belgian racing driver of Italian descent.
He one of the drivers for the Marussia Virgin Racing for the 2011 Formula One World Championship.
D'Ambrosio began his career in karting, between 1995 and 2002.
He was three times Belgian champion, winning the Mini class in 1996, Junior in 2000 and Formula A in 2002.
He won the Junior Monaco Kart Cup in 2000, and won World Cup Formula A in 2002.
D'Ambrosio moved into single-seaters in 2003, and won the Belgian Formula Renault (1.6 litre) championship.
He also drove in the German-based Formula König championship in 2003.
He moved into the French Formula Renault (2-litre) series for 2004.
He finished fourth in the series and was top rookie.
He switched to the Italian Formula Renault Championship in 2005, and finished fourth.
In 2006, he drove in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series, for Tech 1 Racing.
He left the series after four rounds and zero points.
During this time, d'Ambrosio also raced in several Eurocup races.
In 2006, he raced in the second half of the Euroseries 3000.
D'Ambrosio had three podium finishes and finished fifth in the point standings.
Formula Master
For 2007, d'Ambrosio took part in the first season of the International Formula Master series.
He won five races and scored 100 points.
D'Ambrosio became the series's first champion.
For 2008, d'Ambrosio raced in both the GP2 Series and the new GP2 Asia Series.
He finished eleventh in the GP2 drivers' championship.
In the 2008-09 GP2 Asia Series season, d'Ambrosio finished second to team-mate Kamui Kobayashi.
In the 2009 season, he finished ninth with out wining a single race.
In 2010, d'Ambrosio took his first series victory at Monaco.
He took his first GP2 pole position at Belgian.
He finished twelfth in the drivers' championship.
In January 2010, d'Ambrosio was announced as a reserve driver for Renault F1.
He replace Lucas di Grassi at Virgin four times for Friday practice: at the Singapore, Japanese, Korean and Brazilian Grands Prix.
Career statistics from driverdb.com.
Retrieved on April 8, 2008.
The inspector Theo Kojak investigates a crime in which a woman is accused of murdering her own children.
Kojak ends feeling mixed feelings for her.
The Official Site of Telly Savalas
Derek Keith Barbosa (born April 8, 1974 in The Bronx, New York) is an American rapper and actor better known by his stage name, Chino XL.
As an actor he has made guest appearances on the television shows Reno 911!
and CSI: Miami, as well as movies with Kate Hudson, Luke Wilson, and Rob Reiner.
Chino XL's Official website
Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz (born September 13, 1965), better known as Jeff Ross, is an American stand-up comedian, actor and author.
He is known for his insult-style of comedy, leading to his nickname "The Roastmaster General".
He has had many appearances on Comedy Central's roast specials, aiming insults and jokes at celebrities.
He has acted in television series such as Where My Dogs At?,
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Six Feet Under and Weeds.
Ross was also a competitor on the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars where he danced with Edyta Śliwińska.
They were the first ones eliminated.
Ross was born in Springfield, New Jersey to a Jewish family.
Sulphur Springs is a city in Hopkins County, Texas, United States.
The population of Sulphur Springs was 14,551 in 2000.
Sulphur Springs was founded in 1854.
The city of Sulphur Springs Official website
George Hosato Takei Altman (born April 20, 1937 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actor.
He is probably best known for playing Hikaru Sulu in the television series, Star Trek.
His parents were of Japanese origin.
In 2005, he said that he is homosexual during an interview with Frontiers magazine and that he was in a relationship with his partner of eighteen years, Brad Altman.
Gonzalo Eulogio Zárate (born 6 August 1984 in Rosario, Santa Fe) is an Argentine football player.
He plays in Austria for FC Red Bull Salzburg as midfielder.
He started playing football in the youthteams of CA Lanús und CA Tiro Federal.
Zarate played his first professional matches in the second league of Argentina for PCC San José.
2007 he went to Switzerland playing for SC Kriens (Second League), scoring five goals in five matches.
Then he went on loan to Grasshopper-Club Zürich, after the loan the bought him .
He scored 14 goals and was the most successful scorer in the team.
In May 2010 he signed  with FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.
In his first year he played till now 25 matches and scored three goals and gave one assist.
FC Red Bull Salzburg Homepage:Gonzalo Zarate
Alexander Hamilton Stephens (February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American and Confederate politician.
He was from Georgia.
Stephens was short and sickly for much of his life.
Stephens owned a fair number of slaves.
He served as a Whig congressman from 1843 to 1859.
Later, he became a member of the Constitutional Union Party and then a Democrat.
Stephens was the Vice-President of the Confederacy from 1861 to 1865.
While Vice-President, he tried to end the war and did not get along with Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
After the war, Stephens again was a U.S. Congressman, and was Governor of Georgia for a short time.
Your Highness is a 2011 fantasy-comedy movie produced by Scott Stuber, Jon Mone, Danny McBride, Mark Huffam and Andrew Z. Davis, and directed by David Gordon Green.
It was released on April 8, 2011 in North America.
The movie received negative reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 26% and Metacritic gave it a 31 out of 100.
Danny McBride as Thadeous
James Franco as Fabious
Natalie Portman as Isabel
Zooey Deschanel as Belladonna
Justin Theroux as Leezar
Damian Lewis as Courtney
Toby Jones as Julie
Brian Steele
Charles Dance as The King and father of Thadeous and Fabious
Rasmus Hardiker as Courtney
Noah Huntley as Head Knight
Eva Wyrwal as Dwarf Queen
Amber Anderson as Maiden
Your Highness' Official website
2010s comedy movies
The Baldwin apple is a bright red winter apple, very good in quality, and easily shipped.
It was for many years the most popular apple in New England, New York, and for export from America.
According to local tradition, the apple was found near Wood Hill by William Butters (1665-1746), son of Will Butter, first white settler in what is now Wilmington, Massachusetts.
William Butters raised the tree in his yard, near the present Baldwin Apple Monument (pictured).
According to S. A. Beach's Apples of New York, the Baldwin originated soon after 1740 as a chance seedling on the farm of Mr. John Ball of Wilmington, Massachusetts, and for about 40 years thereafter its cultivation was confined to that immediate neighborhood.
The farm eventually came into the possession of a Mr. Butters, who gave the name Woodpecker to the apple because the tree was frequented by woodpeckers.
The apple was long known locally as the Woodpecker or Pecker.
It was also called the Butters.
Deacon Samuel Thompson, a surveyor of Woburn, Massachusetts, brought it to the attention of Col.
Loammi Baldwin of the same town.
Baldwin grew the apple and spread it across eastern Massachusetts.
From Col.
Baldwin's interest in the variety it came to be called the Baldwin.
A monument to the Baldwin apple now marks the location (on today's Chestnut street in Wilmington).
The monument's inscription reads: This monument marks the site of the first Baldwin Apple Tree found growing wild near here.
It fell in the gale of 1815.
The apple first known as the Butters, Woodpecker or Pecker apple was named after Col.
Loammi Baldwin of Woburn.
Erected in 1895 by the Rumford Historical Association.
A harsh winter in 1934 wiped out many of the Baldwin apple orchards in New England.
Its popularity as an eating apple waned, but some orchards were preserved for many years due to its desirability as a mixing apple for cider.
Baldwin Apples, unlike many apples, have long been prized for the making of hard cider. "
West County Cider" makes Baldwin Cider from trees planted in the early 1900s.
It is their most popular cider.
The apple is noted for its particularly small to medium size (ca.
6–8 cm), when compared to other apples like the Macintosh.
It is an exceptionally hard apple and would remain remarkably free from blemishes and other blights with few pesticides being needed.
Because of its hardness it shipped well without bruising and for a time was prized for this quality.
Aside from cider making it was also known as an exceptionally good pie apple and due to its hardness would maintain more crispness through the baking than other apples would.
S. A. Beach, The Apples of New York, J. B. Lyon, Albany, 1905.
Tropical Storm Agatha was a weak but devastating tropical cyclone which brought severe flooding across Central America.
It was the deadliest Eastern Pacific storm since Hurricane Pauline in 1997.
Agatha was the first storm of the 2010 Eastern Pacific hurricane season.
The storm caused 190 deaths and $1.1 billion in damage across Central America.
Rebecca Renee Black (born June 21, 1997) is an American singer-songwriter.
who gained fame for her 2011 single, Friday.
Her single gained around 1,000 views in the first month and has had negative views.
After the video saw many views on YouTube and other social media websites, "Friday" expressed unpraise by many music critics and viewers.
They described it as "the worst song ever".
After the video was uploaded in Youtube on February 10, 2011 and its temporary removal on June 16, 2011, the music video received around 167 million views.
Black re-uploaded it to her own YouTube channel in September 2011.
Rebecca Renee Black was born on June 21, 1997, in Irvine, California.
She is the daughter of John Jeffery Black and Georgina Marquez Kelly, who are veterinarians.
Her mother is of half Mexican ancestry, and her father is from Iowa, is of Italian, English, and Polish ancestry.
She has one younger brother named Chase (born August 25, 1999).
Her parents divorced in 2003 when Black was in first grade.
Her grandmother lives in Illinois.
Black's aunts and uncles live around the United States.
Black originally attended private school from kindergarten to 6th grade.
She moved to a public school due to bullying.