the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He served in the United States Senate and as United States Secretary of State.
Kellogg was part of a group who wrote the Kellogg-Briand Pact also known as the World Peace Act.
For this, he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1929.
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Peter C. Doherty (born October 15, 1940) is an Australian veterinary surgeon.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Rolf M. Zinkernagel in 1996 for their work on the human immune systems.
Havlíčkův Brod is a district town in the center of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands on the Sázava river.
Its population is about 24,000 people.
Settlement in Brod has been documented as far back as the 12th century.
There was an easy passage across the Sázava river (brod means "ford" in English).
In the 13th century, silver was found near the town.
After that Smil of Lichtenburg invited German miners to settle the area.
The town which was first called Brod and later Smilův Brod (Ford of Smil), was renamed to Německý Brod (German Ford).
At the beginning of the 14th century, the stone city walls were built, but later during the Hussite Wars in 1422 the city was burned down by Jan Žižka.
The town was resettled in 1429 by Czech people.
In 1637 Německý Brod was promoted to royal city.
After The Second World War, the city was renamed to Havlíčkův Brod (Ford of Havlíček), after Karel Havlíček Borovský, famous writer and journalist.
The Old Town Hall in the square is Renaissance style.
There is a skeleton under its clock.
According to a story this skeleton was the traitor Hnát.
Havlíček´s house is built in the New-Gothic style.
It is connected with life of Karel Havlíček Borovský.
In this house, Havlíček was arrested and taken to exile.
Today Havlíček´s Museum is there.
The Church at the corner of the square in Baroque style.
It is famous for one of the oldest bells in Bohemia.
The Russian Space Forces was one of the 6 branches of the Russian Military that is responsible for space operations.
The branch controls many space stations throughout Russia.
The branch is also part of the Ministry of Defence.
The main tasks are to inform officials about incoming missile attacks, anti-missile defense, and to create orbit space vehicles.
The Russian Space Forces was replaced by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces on 1 December 2011.
In 1967, the Troops of Anti-Missile and Anti-Space Defence by the Soviet Union.
The branch was then named Ministry of Defence Space Units in 1982.
Then in 1991, the Soviet Union broke up.
So the new Russian Military created the Russian Space Forces.
The branch was abandoned in 1992, but brought back in 2001.
General Vladimir Popovkin took the lead of the branch in 2004, after the previous leader, Colonel General Anatoly Perminov.
Contemporary art means modern art done after Pop Art and Conceptual Art.
Another term, which really means the same thing, is postmodern art.
Yet another term, which goes wider than art, is Postmodernism.
This problem of labelling comes about because the word 'modern' in art was used for some art from the mid-Victorian period through the whole 20th century.
It covers a wide range of styles and movements.
So when art critics wanted to describe post-WWII art they had to use a different word.
Thus, in art, 'contemporary' (which really means 'at the same time as') comes to mean 'modern', and modern comes to mean 'earlier'.
The Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Сухопутные войска Российской Федерации) are the land forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, formed after the break up of the Soviet Union.
Since 1992, the Russian troops have withdrawn from many Soviet posts, but the branch has been engaged in the Chechnya Wars, peace keeping, and other operations in the post-Soviet states.
The President of Russia is the supreme commander-in-chief of the Russian Ground Forces.
The branches of service is made up of the rifle troops, tank troops, artillery and rocket forces, troop air defense, special corp, etc.
The rifle troops (Motorised Rifle Troops) are the main part of the Russian Ground Forces.
The branch controls all the battle formations.
The branch also has all the destructive weapons for defense against land and aerial forces.
The tank troops are an important branch in the Russian Ground Forces that is responsible for the defense in important combat tasks.
The artillery and rocket forces is a branch that has the most firepower for the Russian Ground Forces.
Air defense is currently a branch under control by the Russian Air Force, but by 2015, the branch will be under control again by the Russian Ground Forces.
Lastly, the special corp is a branch that takes care of the engineering, radioelectronic warfare, chemical and biological protection, radiation, technical support, etc.
The Russian Ground Forces are known to have a very large amount of equipment.
A lot of this equipment is believed to be from the Soviet Union.
Other countries seemed to get more modern equipment, while Russia was left with old Soviet equipment.
Russia wanted to get more updated pieces, but the economy was not on the country's side.
Ranks and Insignia
Most of the ranks are very similar the Soviet Army's ranks.
Most of the names of the ranks came from current German, French, English, Dutch and even Polish ranks.
Very few changes have been made since the Soviet Union's breakup.
Corruption in the ground forces
The Russian Ground Forces is known to have high crime rates for a military.
The United States Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO) said that the Russian Ground Forces is "an institution increasingly defined by the high levels of military criminality and corruption embedded within it at every level," which is basically saying that the Russian Ground Forces has high levels of crime and corruption placed in every level.
Some crimes would include the stealing of weapons, assisting drug smugglers, high corruption and even claims of contract killings.
Susa () was an ancient Iranian city.
It was part of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires.
It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains.
It is about  east of the Tigris River and is between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers.
There is a modern Iranian town in the same place as Susa.
It is called Shush.
The Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation are the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The ranks has changed very little since the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Table of Ranks
Military ranks of the Soviet Union
Timmins is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario.
The population of Timmins was 43,165 in 2011.
The mayor of Timmins is Tom Laughren.
Timmins was founded in 1912 by Noah Timmins after there were gold discoveries in the Porcupine Camp, although South Porcupine and Schumacher were formed in 1911.
Naoshima, Kagawa in Japan is a sister city to Timmins.
St. Charles (; Spanish: "San Carlos") is a city in St. Charles County, Missouri.
In 2010 there were 65,794 people living in the city.
St. Charles is the second largest city, and the county seat of St. Charles County.
It is northwest of St. Louis, Missouri on the Missouri River.
It is the third oldest city west of the Mississippi.
It began in 1765 as Les Petites Côtes, "The Little Hills", named by Louis Blanchette, a French Canadian fur trader.
The town was the starting point for the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1804.
The city served as the first Missouri capital from 1821 to 1826.
The Saint Rose Philippine Duchesne shrine is in Saint Charles.
It is also the home of the St. Louis National Weather Service Forecast Office, serving central, east-central and northeastern Missouri, as well as west-central and southwest Illinois.
Louis Blanchette
Louis Blanchette was a French Canadian who went to the Americas for adventure.
Blanchette settled in Saint Charles in 1769 under the authority of the Spanish governor of Upper Louisiana.
He was the civil and military leader until his death in 1793.
About 25 buildings were built.
Although the settlement was under Spanish control, most settlers were French Canadians.
Fort San Carlos
The first church, built in 1791, was dedicated to San Carlos Borromeo, and the town became known as San Carlos del Misuri: "St. Charles of the Missouri".
This church was destroyed by a tornado in 1916.
The Spanish Lieutenant-Governor Carlos de Hault de Lassus appointed Daniel Boone commandant of the Femme Osage District, which he served until the United States government bought the area in the Louisiana Purchase in 1804.
The name of the town, San Carlos, was anglicized (turned into English) to become St. Charles.
State capital and growth
Missouri became a US state in 1821.
The government decided to build a new state capital, the "City of Jefferson", in the center of the state on the Missouri River.
A temporary capital was needed, and St. Charles beat eight other cities in a competition to be the temporary capitol.
It offered free meeting space for the legislature in rooms above a hardware store.
This building is preserved as the First Missouri State Capitol State Historic Site.
It is open to tourists.
The Missouri government met there until Jefferson City was ready in 1826.
St. Charles, Missouri is where the first claimed interstate project started in 1956.
A highway sign making this claim is placed off of Interstate 70 going westbound to the right of the first capital exit.
Lindenwood Universitywas started in 1827 by Major George Sibley and his wife Mary as a women's school named Lindenwood School For Girls.
The school is the is the second-oldest higher-education institution west of the Mississippi River.
Top employers
Major highways include Interstate 70, Interstate 64, Missouri 370, Missouri 94, and Missouri 364.
The city is also served by the St. Charles Area Transit bus system.
Saint Charles is located at  (38.788698, -90.511764).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 20.8 square miles (54.0 km²), of which, 20.4 square miles (52.7 km²) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.2 km²) of it (2.30%) is water.
National Register of Historic Places - Nomination Forms
St. Charles Historic District (Boundary Increase #1). #
87000903
Saint Charles City
Greater St. Charles Convention and Visitors Bureau
St. Charles City-County Library District
St. Charles Chamber of Commerce
Historic maps of St. Charles in the Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection  at the University of Missouri
Lawrence Monsanto Ferlinghetti (March 24, 1919 – February 22, 2021) was an American poet, painter, liberal activist, and the co-founder of City Lights Bookstore.
He was the author of poetry, translations, fiction, theatre, art criticism, and movie narration.
Many of his works were inspired and about the city of San Francisco.
Ferlinghetti’s poetry is based on lyric and narrative traditions.
His themes are the beauty of nature, the tragicomic life of the common man, the situation of the individual in mass society, and the dream and betrayal of democracy.
Ferlinghetti began painting in Paris in 1948.
In San Francisco he occupied a studio that he inherited from Hassel Smith.
His first works show the influence the New York abstract expressionists.
A more figurative style is apparent in his later works.
Ferlinghetti’s paintings have been shown at various museums around the world.
60 years of painting, the exhibition held in Italy in 2010, is a creative journey through the twentieth century, reflecting on the role of the artist nowadays.
Ferlinghetti received the Premio Taormina in 1973.
He also received the Premio Camaiore, the Premio Flaiano, the Premio Cavour, among other honors in Italy.
Pictures of the Gone World (City Lights, 1955) Poetry (enlarged, 1995)
A Coney Island of the Mind (  New Directions, 1958) Poetry
Her (New Directions, 1960) Prose
One Thousand Fearful Words for Fidel Castro (City Lights, 1961) Broadside poem
These Are My Rivers: New & Selected Poems, 1955-1993 (New Directions, 1993)
City Lights Pocket Poets Anthology (City Lights, 1995)
A Far Rockaway Of The Heart (New Directions, 1998)
How to Paint Sunlight: Lyrics Poems & Others, 1997-2000 (New Directions, 2001)
San Francisco Poems (City Lights Foundation, 2001) Poetry
Life Studies, Life Stories (City Lights, 2003)
Americus: Part I (New Directions, 2004)
A Coney Island of the Mind (Arion Press, 2005),  with portraiture by R.B. Kitaj
Poetry as Insurgent Art (New Directions, 2007) Poetry
A Coney Island of the Mind: Special 50th Anniversary Edition with a CD of the author reading his work (New Directions, 2008)
50 poems by Lawrence Ferlinghetti 50 images by Armando Milani ( Rudiano, 2010) Poetry and Graphics
Disease-related deaths in San Francisco
Ugo Nespolo (born at Mosso, Biella on August 29, 1941) is an Italian artist.
He is well known for his artistic work with other people in theater, literature and advertising.
His career started in the 1960s.
His work was influenced by Pop Art, conceptual art, Arte Povera and Fluxus.
These are movements that he appreciated when he went to the United States.
He has been to the United States many times.
He spent much time in the States during the 1980s.
Transgression and irony characterize Nespolo's artwork.
Ugo Nespolo has been in the Honour Committee of IMMAGINE&POESIA since 2010.
Ecbatana was an ancient Iranian city.
It was the capital city of the Median Empire.
There is a modern Iranian city that was built in the same place as Ecbatana.
It is called Hamadan.
Official Ecbatana website
Many Chinese dynasties have ruled the country during its history.
China is a society which has had a very long history.
This history was affected by the dynasties which have ruled it.
They have slowly changed China into its current form.
The Xia dynasty lasted from 2070 BC until 1600 BC.
It was the first ruling dynasty in Chinese history.
The Xia was probably created by emperor Yu the Great.
It is not known for certain if the Xia dynasty actually existed.
Many people think that the Xia dynasty is only a legend.
This is because there is no evidence that can prove that there was some dynasty before 1600 BC.
There were found some archaeological excavations from 1500 BC which may come from the Xia dynasty.
For example one of the excavations causes archaeologists to believe that the foundations of China were created during the Xia dynasty.
Also there are findings of the oldest Chinese calendar called a lunar calendar.
Xia dynasty was ended by a dynasty named Shang.
The Shang dynasty lasted from 1600 BC until 1046 BC.
It started when Tang took control from the last Xia emperor, Jie.
The dynasty ended with the suicide of Di Xin.
The Shang dynasty was important for Chinese culture.
The first Chinese character fonts were created at this time.
They were mainly used by seers and shaman.
People made their own ritual vessels, agricultural and craft tools and even weapons.
Everything was made of cast bronze.
In agriculture, millets, wheats and rice were the main crops.
Mulberries were also grown.
They were used to feed mulberry silkworms.
The Zhou dynasty lasted from 1045 BC until 256 BC.
The Shangs had became weak because they were always fighting with a neighboring tribes.
This was good for the less advanced Zhou.
They defeat the Shang in the current town of An-yang.
After that, the Zhou dynasty took the government.
They ruled for the longest time of all Chinese dynasties.
Zhous were nomadic shepherds from the Shanxi province.
The rulers of Zhou dynasty divided the country into four smaller areas.
Each of these areas were controlled by relatives and members of aristocracy.
Princes controlled fortified towns with a peasant background.
They also helped the rulers at times of war.
This form of government allowed the Zhou rulers to control more area.
China Handbook Editorial Committee, China Handbook Series: History (trans.,
Dun J. Li), Beijing, 1982, 188-89; and Shao Chang Lee, "China Cultural Development" (wall chart), East Lansing, 1984.
Columbia University.
Dynasties song sung to the tune of "Frère Jacques" that repeats the major Chinese dynasties in chronological order.
An ethernet hub is an electronic device that runs a computer network.
It is a simple device and is easy to configure.
A hub acts like a repeater: all data that arrives to one port is sent to all other ports (without looking at IP address for the data's destination).
That means that all devices in this network will get all data.
A hub is a very simple device and does not operate Ethernet traffic.
In contrast, a switch hub has a lower latency.
Many hubs have LED signal lamps to show the state of the hub (which ports are connected and if the hub is working).
A "collision" happens when two or more devices on the same network try to send packets at the same time.
When collisions happen all of the devices have to go through a routine to resolve the conflict.
The process is set in the Ethernet Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol.
Hub - This one described here.
The hub does not look at individual packets and copies them to all ports, used as connection between LAN Segments.
Passive hub (intelligent hub) - The device monitors traffic going through the hub and all ports can be configured, also are called manageable hubs.
Switching hub - reads the destination address of each packet and then forwards the packet to the just correct port.
inserting a protocol analyzer into a network connection, a hub is an alternative to a network tap or port mirroring.
preventing a "loop" by accidentally connecting two ports together, which might be a big problem when switches are used.
working on Physical Layer of OSI.
Today few hubs are produced, because they are not an effective solution for building networks.
was the capital of Japan from 794 to 1868.
Heian-kyō is one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto.
In 794, Emperor Kammu established this city as Japan's capital.
The move from Heijō-kyō to Heian-kyo marks the beginning of the Heian period of Japanese history.
was the capital of Japan from 784 to 794.
Lancaster (Pennsylvania Dutch: Lengeschder) is a city in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
It is the county seat of Lancaster County.
It is one of the older inland cities in the United States.
It has a population of 59,322.
It ranks eighth in population among Pennsylvania's cities.
The Lancaster metropolitan area population is 507,766.
So, it is 101st among US metropolitan areas.
The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, manufacturing, and professional services.
It also has the Park City Center shopping mall.
A controversial, citywide video surveillance system includes the most outdoor cameras per capita of any US city.
It was first called Cuteanal Town.
Its first leader, John Wright, renamed the city after his home English city of Lancaster.
The city's symbol, the red rose, is from the House of Lancaster.
Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn, and was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734.
It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818.
When the British captured Philadelphia in the American Revolution, Lancaster became the capital of the colonies on September 27, 1777.
After the Continental Congress met one day, they moved still farther away, to York, Pennsylvania.
The Pennsylvania government also moved from Philadelphia to Lancaster, but stayed in Lancaster until the British troops left Philadelphia.
Lancaster was capital of Pennsylvania again from 1799 to 1812, after which the capital was moved to Harrisburg.
In 1737, the Lancaster County Prison was built in the city, styled after Lancaster Castle in England.
The prison remains in use.
Public hangings were conducted there until 1912.
The first paved road in the United States was the former Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike (which makes up part of the present-day U.S. Route 30).
The Turnpike opened in 1795.
The Turnpike connected the cities of Lancaster and Philadelphia, and was designed by a Scottish engineer named John Loudon MacAdam.
Lancaster residents are known to use the word, "macadam", instead of "pavement" or "asphalt".
This name is a reference to the paving process used by MacAdam.
The city of Lancaster was home to several important figures in American history.
Wheatland, the estate of James Buchanan, the fifteenth President of the United States, is one of Lancaster's most popular attractions.
Thaddeus Stevens, considered among the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives, lived in Lancaster as an attorney.
Stevens gained notoriety as a Radical Republican and for his abolitionism.
The Fulton Opera House in the city was named for Lancaster native Robert Fulton, who had designed the modern steamboat.
After the American Revolution, the city of Lancaster became an iron-foundry center.
Two of the most common products needed by pioneers to settle the Frontier were manufactured in Lancaster:  the Conestoga wagon and the Pennsylvania long rifle.
The Conestoga wagon was named after the Conestoga River, which runs through the city.
In 1803, Meriwether Lewis visited Lancaster to be educated in survey methods by the well-known surveyor Andrew Ellicott.
During his visit, Lewis learned to plot latitude and longitude as part of his overall training needed to lead the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
In 1879, Franklin Winfield Woolworth opened his first successful "five and dime" store in the city of Lancaster.
The F. W. Woolworth Company is succeeded by Foot Locker.
Lancaster is located at 40°02'23" North, 76°18'16" West (40.039860, -76.304366), and is  above sea level.
The city is located about  southeast of Harrisburg,  west of Philadelphia,  north-northeast of Baltimore and  north of Washington, D.C.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which,  of it is land and 0.14% is water.
Green Roofs
Lancaster has one of the highest rates of green roof space per capita in the US.Lancaster now has  of green roofs for a city with a downtown population of 65,000.
Security Camera Controversy
Community discussion of rising crime rates sought to avoid a government- or police-operated system of cameras.
The Lancaster Community Safety Coalition (LCSC) was registered with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as a nonprofit in 2004 to carry out the implementation and operation of a video surveillance system.
Paid LCSC staff are background checked by the FBI and trained to monitor the network of 164 closed-circuit TV cameras in the city of Lancaster.
In 2009, the LCSC's expansion from a 70 to a 165 camera network attracted national attention.
The national attention led to people asking to end the system.
MSNBC commentator Keith Olbermann used the story in his 'Worst Person in the World' segment, "calling out the 'citizen patriots of Lancaster, Pennsylvania' and criticizing them for spying on each other".
The surveillance system was also featured on ABC's "Nightline" and "CBS Evening News".
Although public opinion was initially mixed among Lancaster residents, statistical and anecdotal data suggest that the network of cameras is achieving the desired effect.
In the fall of 2010, the Lancaster Community Safety Coalition was among several factors credited for a 13.7% drop in Lancaster's violent crime rate according to the FBI's Unified Crime Report (UCR).
Property crime dropped 7.1% during the same period.
Neighboring cities have not experienced similar reductions in crime.
Although in the year 2010, cameras only helped solve 28 of the 6,653 crimes committed in the city in the year 2010.
Although the year of 2009 received a reduction in violent crimes of over 13% and recorded 465 violent offenses, the following year of 2010 saw a rise in violent offenses.
Violent offenses jumped from 465 in 2009 to 511 in 2010.
Lancaster Community Safety Coalition had a success rate of preventing and helping police catch a suspect in .037% of crimes committed and Lancaster has more unsolved homicides since the installation of the cameras.
The Red Rose Transit Authority (RRTA) provides local bus transit to Lancaster City as well as surrounding areas in Lancaster County.
RRTA is headquartered outside the City of Lancaster.
Amtrak also serves the Lancaster Train and Bus Station, located on the northernmost edge of the city at 53 East McGovern Avenue.
The Pennsylvanian, with service between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, as well as the Keystone Service, which runs from Harrisburg to New York via Philadelphia, both serve Lancaster.
Art and museums
The city of Lancaster hosts several museums that preserve its important contributions to society.
The Demuth Museum is in the former home of a well-known Lancaster painter named Charles Demuth.
Additional art museums include the Lancaster Museum of Art and the Philips Museum of Art on the campus of Franklin & Marshall College.
Art students at the state-of-the-art Pennsylvania College of Art and Design present their works at the academy's gallery that is open to the public.
Another newly constructed museum, completed in 2007, is the Lancaster County Quilts and Textile Museum that celebrates the hand-sewn quilts and other textile items produced by the region's Amish and Mennonite communities.
Lancaster also possesses two other museums showing Pennsylvania Dutch heritage with the Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society Museum and the Heritage Center Museum.
Children can have a hands-on experience with educational learning at the Hands-on House, also known as Children's Museum of Lancaster.
Nature and geology-minded visitors can view the more earthly exhibits of the Louise Arnold Tanger Arboretum and the North Museum of Natural History and Science.
Upon completion, the Lancaster County Convention Center will incorporate the Stevens and Smith Historic Site, a museum that will include the preserved home of Thaddeus Stevens and his confidante Lydia Hamilton Smith.
The School District of Lancaster runs the city's public schools.
The local high school campuses are McCaskey and McCaskey East.
Established in 1836, it is the second oldest school district in Pennsylvania.
Lancaster Catholic High School was founded in 1926.
It currently falls under the jurisdiction of the diocese of Harrisburg.
With a P-12 enrollment of more than 500 students, Lancaster Country Day School is one of the region's largest independent nonsectarian schools.
Founded in 1908 as the Shippen School for Girls, the school later became coeducational.
"Battle over city project moves to courtroom"  by Dave Pidgeon, Intelligencer Journal, July 13, 2006, retrieved July 14, 2006
City of Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Downtown Lancaster
Pennsylvania Dutch Convention and Visitors Bureau
The idea was suggested in October 2011 by the Prime Minister of Russia, Vladimir Putin, but the idea was first proposed by the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, in a speech, in 1994, in Moscow.
On 18 November 2011, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement in which they agreed to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015.
The agreement talked about the membership of candidate states and created the Eurasian Commission (which is based on the European Commission) and the Eurasian Economic Space, which both started work on 1 January 2012.
Economy of Europe
New Castle is a city in western Pennsylvania near the border of Ohio.
It is northwest of Pittsburgh.
Wilkes-Barre is a city in northeast Pennsylvania next to Scranton, Pennsylvania.
The city is part of Scranton/Wilkes-Barre area.
Electronic gear shifting is a way of shifting gears on a bicycle.
It lets bicycle riders use a switch to shift gears, instead of a lever.
Electronic gear shifting can be faster than shifting gears with a lever.
The standard system for gearing up and down works with bowdens.
A bowden is special kind of wound steel cable, which connects levers to the shifter, derailleur or brakes.
As the rider pulls or taps a lever, the bowden reacts at the same time.
That causes the bicycle to change gear.
Electronic works without bowdens.
The system is digital.
There is no wound steel cable.
Instead, there are multiple combinations of 0 and 1.
A battery placed under the frame powers the system.
Each battery should last for 1000 km depending on the manufacturer.
Then it needs to be recharged.
Wires for data and power are hidden inside the frame.
Parts of the shifting systems are connected to each other.
Servomotors do the shifting.
The shifter and derailleur have a pair of servomotors built into them.
There is a self-adjustable microchip in the derailleur.
The system has its own logic, which keeps the chain from dropping.
There is no need for maintenance because the derailleur adjusts itself using the microchip.
Speed of shifting
Ease of shifting (no need to push hard, a tap is effective)
Self-adjusting derailleur
Less weight
Less maintenance
Price ($2000+)
Battery capacity
No option for multiple shifting
Shimano – Di2 Ultegra/Dura ace series (since 2009)
Campagnolo  - (since 2011)
Lots of languages are used in Canada.
English and French are used by most Canadians.
Only New Brunswick uses both English and French as its official languages.
Quebec's official language is French.
English and French are recognized by the Constitution of Canada as "official languages."
This means that all laws of the federal government are in both English and French and that federal government services can be available in both languages.
People speak other languages.
About 18% of Canadians (about 6.1 million people, most are immigrants) have a language other than English or French as their first language or mother tongue.
Nearly 3.5 million Canadians continue to use their other language most often, like when at home or in social settings.
The biggest ones are Italian, German, Chinese, Punjabi, Arabic and Dutch.
Canada also has many native languages.
But they are not spoken by many people (less than one percent of Canada), and fewer people speak them every year.
The Underground Railroad was a secret network of routes and safe houses in the United States.
Black slaves used the Underground Railroad to escape from slavery.
It was created in the early 1800s, and was at its biggest between 1850 and 1860.
The term “Underground Railroad” also describes the abolitionists, both black and white, free and enslaved, who helped the slaves along the way.
Routes on the Underground Railroad led to free states, Canada, Mexico and overseas.
While traveling along these routes, slaves received help from abolitionists and those who had sympathy to their cause.
British North America was another popular stopping point.
Slavery was not allowed there, and its long border gave many points of access.
More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there using the network at its best, although U.S. Census statistics shows only 6,000.
One statistic suggests that by 1850, about 100,000 slaves had escaped to freedom by the "Railroad".
The Underground Railroad fugitives' stories are recorded in the Underground Railroad Records.
is a Japanese city in Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.
1602 (Keichō 7): Shimazu build Tsurumaru castle
1549 (Tenbun 18): Francis Xavier arrives in Japan
1779 (An'ei 7): Sakurajima volcanic action
1863 (Bunkyū 3):  Bombardment of Kyushu by British Navy
1914 (Taishō 3): Sakurajima erupts
2013 Sakurajima erupts.
Kagoshima Prefectural Visitors Bureau
http://www.city.kagoshima.lg.jp/_1010/shimin/foreigner.html ;
Kagoshima Internationalization Council
Cities in Kyushu
Settlements in Kagoshima Prefecture
is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan.
Kumamoto is in the south central part of Kyushu.
Kumamoto is an ordinance-designated city since April 1, 2012.
Official site of Kumamoto City
Kumamoto International Mailing List
Settlements in Kumamoto Prefecture
Bethlehem is a city in eastern Pennsylvania close to Allentown.
It's part of the Lehigh Valley Region.
is the capital city of Miyazaki Prefecture in Japan.
http://www.city.miyazaki.miyazaki.jp/gyousei/html/univ/en/index.html ;
Miyazaki Special Attack Base Monument, 1983
Settlements in Miyazaki Prefecture
is the capital city of Ōita Prefecture.
1562 – Funai Castle was built by Otomo Sorin
2002 – FIFA World Cup
Ōita city ; http://www.city.oita.oita.jp/en/index.html
Settlements in Ōita Prefecture
is the capital city of Saga Prefecture in Japan.
Saga is in northwest Kyūshū.
Around 240,000 people live there.
http://www.city.saga.lg.jp/en/ ;
Saga International Balloon Fiesta
Settlements in Saga Prefecture
George Thorogood and the Destroyers is the first album from George Thorogood and the Destroyers.
It includes the cover of "One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer".
This song is a fan favourite which is still played in concerts today.
"You Got to Lose" (Earl Hooker) – 3:15
"Madison Blues"  (Elmore James) – 4:24
"House Rent Boogie"/"One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer" (John Lee Hooker/Rudy Toombs) – 8:20
"Kind Hearted Woman" (Robert Johnson) – 3:48
"Can't Stop Lovin'" (James) – 3:04
"Ride On Josephine" (Bo Diddley) – 4:17
"Homesick Boy" (George Thorogood) – 3:02
"John Hardy" (Traditional) – 3:18
"I'll Change My Style" (Thorogood) – 3:57
"Delaware Slide" (Thorogood) – 7:45
George Thorogood - vocals, guitar, harmonica
Ron Smith - guitar
Billy Blough - bass
Jeff Simon - drums
John Nagy - engineer
"Lucky Star" is the fourth single from Madonna's hit record Madonna.
The song was first released in United Kingdom in 1983.
It was originally produced by Reggie Lucas, although during recording Madonna was not happy with the final results of the song.
According to her, Lucas used too many instruments and did not consider her ideas for the song.
She called her boyfriend (at the time), John Benitez, to remix her songs.
When the "Lucky Star" video was released in 1984, her style and mannerisms became a fashion trend among younger people.
Zwingenberger was born in Hamburg, Germany.
He had eleven years of piano training.
In 1973 he listened to recordings of boogie-woogie pianists Albert Ammons, Meade Lux Lewis, and Pete Johnson.
He joined piano playing partners Hans-Georg Moeller, Vince Weber and Martin Pyrker.
In 1974, he played at the First International Blues-and-Boogie Woogie Festival of the West German Radio Station in Cologne which was followed by Hans Maitner's annual festival Stars of Boogie Woogie in Vienna.
1975 Zwingenberger signed his first recording contract.
Since then he made recordings with  famous artists like Lionel Hampton, Jay McShann, Big Joe Turner, Lloyd Glenn, Joe Newman, Sippie Wallace, Mama Yancey, Champion Jack Dupree, Sammy Price, Ray Bryant, Charlie Watts, Bill Wyman, Vince Weber, and the Mojo Blues Band, among others.
In spring 2009 he renewed his relationship with Charlie Watts, drummer of The Rolling Stones.
Together with bassist Dave Green, they played concerts labeled as 'The ABC&D of Boogie Woogie'.
Being a steam engine fan since childhood he also edited a book with his own photos of steam engines. (
Axel Zwingenberger, Vom Zauber der Züge - The Magic of Trains photo book - )
Selective discography
Zwingenberger also appeared on Just For A Thrill by Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings
Richard Cook & Brian Morton: Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings, Penguin, first issue 1992, 8th 2006,
Colin Larkin: The Guinness Who's Who of Jazz, Guinness Books UK, from 1992 on,
Peter Silvester: The Story Of Boogie Woogie - A Left Hand Like God, Quartet Books UK, 1988, updated issue 2009, Scarecrow Press,
Axel Zwingenberger's homepage
Interview with Axel Zwingenberger
is the capital city of Okinawa Prefecture in Japan.
Once the capital of Ryukyu Kingdom was situated and its palace Shurijo rest.
In 1879, Okinawa Prefecture was established; and Naha was made its capital city.
http://www.city.naha.okinawa.jp/en/livingguide/ ;
Settlements in Okinawa Prefecture
Brick Lane is a street in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London.
It is part of an old area which includes Bethnal Green, Whitechapel, Spitalfields and Petticoat Lane.
Today, it is the heart of the city's British Bangladeshi community and is known to some as Banglatown.
It is famous for its many curry houses.
Successive waves of immigration began with Huguenot refugees spreading from Spitalfields, where  the master weavers were based, in the 17th century.
This started a connection with clothing which lasted for over three centuries.
The Huguenots were followed by Irish, Ashkenazi Jews and, in the last century, Bangladeshis.
The area became a centre for weaving, tailoring and  the clothing industry, due to the abundance of semi- and unskilled immigrant labour.
Brewing came to Brick Lane before 1680, with water drawn from deep wells.
One brewer was Joseph Truman, first recorded in 1683.
His family went on to establish the sizable Black Eagle Brewery on Brick Lane.
The Brick Lane Market was developed in the 17th century for fruit and vegetables.
The Sunday market, like the ones on Petticoat Lane and nearby Columbia Road, dates from a dispensation given to the Jewish community.
The Brick Lane Farmers' Market opened 6th June 2010.
Emma Elizabeth Smith was viciously assaulted and robbed in Osborn Street, the part of Brick Lane that meets Whitechapel High Street, in the early hours of 3 April 1888.
It was one of the first of the eleven Whitechapel Murders, some of which were done by the serial killer, Jack the Ripper.
In 1742, La Neuve Eglise, a Huguenot chapel, was built on the corner of Brick Lane and Fournier Street.
By 1809, it had become The Jews’ Chapel, for promoting Christianity to the expanding Jewish population, and became a Methodist Chapel in 1819 (John Wesley having preached his first covenant sermon at the  nearby Black Eagle Street Chapel).
In 1898, the building was consecrated as the Machzikei HaDath, or Spitalfields Great Synagogue.
In 1976, it became the London Jamme Masjid (Great London), to serve the expanding British Bangladeshi community.
The building is Grade II* listed.
These settlers helped shape Bangladeshi migration to Britain; families from Jagannathpur and Bishwanath tend to dominate in the Brick Lane area today.
Georgetown is a city in eastern South Carolina on the Atlantic Ocean.
The city is midway between Charleston and Myrtle Beach.
Myrtle Beach is a city in northeast South Carolina near the Atlantic Ocean.
It is located in Horry County.
It is close to the state line of North Carolina.
Svitavy (German: Zwittau) is a town in the Czech Republic.
About 17,000 people live there.
A small river, also called Svitava, flows through the city from a nearby spring.
The original settlement with a church was founded by monks from Litomyšl and called after the flowing river Svitava.
Later German settlers started to come here.
They founded a new village with a church of St.Giles.
Original Svitava slowly merged with the new village.
The area around Svitavy became the subject of conflict between the bishop of Olomouc and a monastic manor from Litomyšl, 1256 conflict was settled in favour of the Bishop of Olomouc.
So the year 1256 started the history of our town.
In 2006 we celebrated 750 year from the foundation of town Svitavy.
People from Svitavy
Viktor Felber- born on 11th October.
He was professor of ČVUT in Prague in 1930 - 1931.
There is also street named after him, where is primary school and playground.
Sunset Boulevard is a long road in west Los Angeles.
It stretches 24 miles (39 km) from Figueroa Street in downtown (central) Los Angeles to the Pacific Coast Highway in Pacific Palisades at the Pacific Ocean.
Part of the Boulevard, called Sunset Strip, passes through Hollywood.
The boulevard is at least four lanes wide for all of the route.
Car accidents are not uncommon due to  the lack of a central divider on most sections.
The road also has difficult curves and hills that a driver cannot see over.
Sunset often has more cars on it than were planned for.
It is worn, and has cracks and potholes.
Traffic on Sunset is often slow, especially during the rush hour.
But when traffic is mild, Sunset is a fast thoroughfare because it has few (and short timed) traffic lights in the western part.
Even at rush hours, cars move without waiting, as the lights are well spaced and timed.
This is the 1½ mile (2.4) km strip running through West Hollywood.
The Strip is well-known; it has boutiques, restaurants, and nightclubs that are part of the entertainment industry.
It is also known for its trademark array of huge, colorful billboards and is a 'hangout' for rock stars, movie stars and other entertainers.
Sunset Strip was the location of a popular TV show 77 Sunset Strip (1958–1964), starring Ephrem Zimbalist Jnr.
Many young stars made an appearance in the series.
Sunset Boulevard gave its name to a famous 1950 movie of the same name,  starring Gloria Swanson, William Holden and Eric von Stroheim.
The function of 3D television is making a two-dimensional screen look like its picture is in three dimensions.
This effect starts when we observe two shifted displays.
3D televisions with glasses
stereoscopic 3D display – requires glasses
Autostereoscopic 3d display – without glasses
3D televisions in shops and e-shops are in 90% of cases stereoscopic.
Glasses are used to see the picture in three dimensionals.
The glasses divide display into two components (either shifted in color or otherwise).
What 3D TV can do
3D TV can do anything as well as 2D TV.
The newest types of TV even can convert 2D into 3D but the quality is low.
Movies in 3D format are still scarce.
Few people would invest their money into partially exploited machine.
Specification of three-dimensional perception
The closer a person sits to the screen, the stronger the 3D effect.
Three-dimensional image processing is also more difficult for the brain.
Argerich was born in Buenos Aires and started playing the piano at age three.
At the age of five, she moved to teacher Vincenzo Scaramuzza.
Argerich gave her first concert in 1949 at the age of eight.
The family moved to Europe in 1955 where Argerich studied with Friedrich Gulda in Austria.
She later learned with Stefan Askenase and Maria Curcio.
Argerich also had brief periods of learning with Madeleine Lipatti (widow of Dinu Lipatti), Abbey Simon, and Nikita Magaloff.
In 1957, at sixteen, she won both the Geneva International Music Competition and the Ferruccio Busoni International Competition, within three weeks of each other.
Argerich started to become famous around the world when she won the Seventh International Chopin Piano Competition in 1965 at the age of 24.
She also made a recording in the same year, including pieces by Chopin, Brahms, Ravel, Liszt, and Prokofiev.
The Black Cauldron is a fantasy novel written by Lloyd Alexander.
It was published in 1965 as the second book in The Chronicles of Prydain series.
The Black Cauldron was awarded a Newbery Medal.
The Black Cauldron centers around Taran, an Assistant Pig-Keeper who lives in the fantasy land of Prydain.
The book begins with a meeting of many leaders.
They make plans to stop the evil Arawn from taking over Prydain.
The leaders decide to steal the Black Cauldron, a powerful tool, from Arawn.
Prince Gwydion, the war lord of Prydain, leads a band of people into Annuvin, Arawn's country.
When there, they learn that the cauldron has already been stolen.
The Fair Folk (fairies) tell the group that the witches of Morva stole the cauldron.
Prince Ellidyr, a poor youngest son, sneaks away from the group so that he can steal the cauldron for himself.
The rest of the group follows to save him from Arawn's soldiers, but are attacked themselves.
In the battle, Fflewddur Fflam and Doli are separated from the group.
Also, Adaon, son of the chief bard, is wounded very badly.
Before he dies, he passes on a brooch to Taran.
The brooch has magical powers and Taran uses it to find Fflewddur and Doli.
They continue to Morva, where Taran trades the brooch for the cauldron.
The group then tries to smash it, but the witches tell them it can only be destroyed when a living person dies in it willingly.
On the way back, Ellidyr attacks the group and steals the cauldron.
The group is later found by King Morgant and his men, who have captured Ellidyr and beaten him.
Morgant plans to use the cauldron to rule Prydain.
Morgant ties up the entire group and offers to free them if Taran will join his service.
While they are talking, Doli turns invisible and frees the whole group.
During the fight that follows, Ellidyr throws himself into the cauldron, destroying it.
King Smoit then comes and attacks Morgant, killing him.
The group is rescued.
Taran - an orphan who was raised by Dallben the Enchanter.
His age is never specifically stated; he is referred to as a young man.
He is the protagonist (hero) of the book.
Princess Eilonwy - a princess of Llyr with some magical abilities.
She lives at Caer Dallben after escaping from her evil aunt.
Fflewddur Fflam - a king and wandering bard.
He often joins Taran on his adventures.
Doli - a dwarf from the realm of the Fair Folk.
He has the ability to turn invisible.
Prince Gwydion - crown prince of the ruling House of Don in Prydain.
Prince Ellidyr - the poor youngest son of a king.
He is arrogant and disagrees often with Taran.
Adaon - the wise son of the chief bard.
He possesses a magical brooch which helps him interpret dreams.
A sloppy joe is an American dish of ground beef, onions, sweetened tomato sauce or ketchup and other seasonings, served on a hamburger bun.
Nokia E7 is a mobile phone model made by Nokia.
It complements Nokia's higher-end N8, which does not have a QWERTY keyboard.
The phone can connect to the internet using its built-in 3G, EDGE or WiFi radios.
It can connect to other devices, such as computers or other phones with its Bluetooth radio.
The phone also contains a GPS receiver, which uses Nokia's Ovi maps software for street directions.
The service is free for the E7 owners.
Maps can be obtained through Nokia's Ovi market.
Nokia mobile phones
Telecommuting or telework or remote work is a work arrangement in which employees have flexible working locations and hours.
They use telecommunication links to work.
Many work from home, while others, also called nomad workers or web commuters use mobile telecommunications technology to work from coffee shops or other places.
Telework is a broader term, referring to substituting telecommunications for any form of work-related travel, thereby eliminating the distance restrictions of telecommuting.
A person who telecommutes is called a "telecommuter".
Some telecommuters say that "work is something you do, not something you travel to".
Terra Nova was an American science fiction television series.
It was broadcast from September 26 to December 19, 2011 on Fox.
Fox has said they will not pick the series up for a second year.
The series is shopped to other networks.
The series tells the story of the Shannon family as they travel 85 million year into the past.
The series starred Jason O'Mara and Stephen Lang.
In the future, Earth is overcrowded.
Most plants and animals are extinct.
The skies are dark grey and the air is barely breathable because of pollution.
The only hope for humanity to survive is in the distant past.
Scientists find a way to travel to the past.
They decide to send people into prehistoric times.
They want to try to rebuild civilization and not repeat the mistakes they have made in their own world.
The group in the past calls their new home "Terra Nova".
The name means "new land" in Latin.
People are sent back in time in groups called "pilgrimages".
The story told in the series begins in the year 2149.
It continues 85 million years in the past.
The series is about the Shannon family as they join the Tenth Pilgrimage of settlers to Terra Nova.
Jim Shannon is the father of the family.
Jim’s wife, Elisabeth, is a surgeon.
She is the newest member of Terra Nova’s medical team and the new chief medical officer.
Jim and Elizabeth have three children; Josh, Maddy and Zoe.
Josh () is their 17 year old son.
Josh did not want to travel back in time because doing this meant he would have to leave his girlfriend.
Upon arriving at Terra Nova, he finds himself instantly drawn to the beautiful and rule-breaking Skye.
Maddy is Josh’s 15 years old sister.
She hopes Terra Nova will give her a chance to reinvent herself.
Zoe is the Shannon's 5 year old daughter.
When the Shannon family first gets to Terra Nova, they meet Commander Nathaniel Taylor.
He is the first person to go to Terra Nova and leader of the settlement.
Taylor warns the travelers that while Terra Nova is a place of new opportunities and fresh beginnings, all is not as idyllic as it looks.
Along with blue skies, large waterfalls and vegetation, the land is full of danger.
This danger is not just from the man-eating dinosaurs.
There is also a second group of people lead by Mira, who is opposed to Taylor and his leadership.