the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The price is also lower than of an SSD.
The main market for this drive are the laptop users as these devices can accommodate no more than one drive.
The solid state drive technology is improving quickly and new SSD models are being introduced often.
However, they have not gained popularity among many users.
We still find that HDDs are still dominating the market.
Sales of SSDs are expected to escalate and overturn that of HDDs after 2020.
The biggest draw back to SSDs over hard disk drives is that SSDs have a limited amount of read and writes it can take before the sector fails as is not a large issue with traditional hard disk drives.
SSD form factors
When SSDs were first introduced into the market, manufacturers' made sure that they fit into the slots and bays initially used by the HDDs.
As such they had the 3.5 and 2.5 inch form factors.
However, as technology advances, more form factors emerged.
Smaller form factors that directly interfaces with PCIe and NVMe slots emerged.
These included the mSATA, PCIe and M.2, form factors.
NVME SSDs
NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) is a communications interface and driver for PCie SSDs and NVME SSDs have higher transfer rates than traditional SATA SSDs up to 32,0000MB/s. Also has a new mechanism called “Submission and Completion Queue” that manages and controls data flow into queues.
Like a computer with 6 cores might have 6 queues and are kept in the cores cache.
The traditional form factors 2.5 inch and M.2 as well as being able to slot into a PCI x16 with an expansion card.
Also pushing the max capacity of a consumer NVME SSD to 2TB as of 2021.
Martial Lavaud Célestin (October 4, 1913 – February 4, 2011) was the first Prime Minister of Haïti.
He was born in Ganthier and worked as a lawyer.
President Leslie Manigat made him prime minister in March 1988.
A coup removed Célestin from power on 20 June 1988.
Prime Ministers of Haiti
The Norwegian Crusade was one of several religious wars in which European countries fought against Muslims in Turkey and the Middle East.
The First Crusade was 1095-1099.
The Norwegian Crusade was next, from 1107 to 1110.
King Sigurd I led the crusade.
Sigurd was the first European king to go on crusade to the Holy Land.
He did not lose any battles.
The Norwegian crusade seems to have been similar to earlier Viking raids.
(Old Norse: )
Jumping spiders belong to the family Salticidae.
These spiders catch their prey by jumping on them.
Species live in many habitats, from leaves lying on the ground, to the tops of trees in the forest, and even way up on Mt. Everest.
They are found on every continent in the world except for Antarctica.
At present, 5026 species in 530 genera have been found.
They are actually the largest family of spiders, with about 13% of all species.
They are easy to identify because their eye pattern is distinctive.
They have eight eyes, two of which are very large, and because their faces form a flat surface, facing where they are going.
They often hunt high up in bushes, or on vertical walls.
To save themselves from falling they do something very much like what climbers do to protect themselves in the mountains.
Humans tie a rope to the mountain and attach the other end to the harness they wear.
Jumping spiders attach silk from their spinnerets to the thing on which they are standing and then they jump.
While they are moving through the air they make silk so that there is always a safety rope trailing out behind them.
Jumping spiders can jump long distances for their size, as much as 16 cm.p11 When they jump, they use their hind legs.
They raise their front legs to be ready to grab their prey.
Many other kinds of spider hunt at night, but jumping spiders depend on their eyes, so they like to come out in the daytime.
Often they will find a sunny spot on a wall or tree trunk.
There are however many variations, and many surprising aspects.
For one thing, Salticids do not necessarily follow a straight path in approaching prey.
They may follow a circuitous course, sometimes even a course that takes the hunter through places where the prey is not visible.
Such complex behaviour is hard to reconcile with an organism that has such a tiny brain.
Some spiders in species of Portia can take long detours from one bush down to the ground, then up the stem of another bush to capture a prey item on a particular leaf.
Such behaviour is the subject of research.
Because they have very good eyes, jumping spiders can see human beings when they approach.
Some jumping spiders may run away from approaching humans, and others seem not to be very much afraid.
But either way a jumping spider will watch a nearby human being.
When they do not run away, but do turn to keep watch over a human being, it may seem that they are interested in us.
Some of them will even jump from where they are sitting on branches, rocks, etc.
onto a person's finger or camera.
These spiders only bite to get something to eat or to defend themselves, so if they jump on somebody's hand they will not bite.
People get bitten if they pinch or squeeze a jumping spider.
Physical capabilities
Jumping spiders are able to climb glass and other very smooth surfaces because besides having two claws on each foot they also have sticky hairs (called scopulae) that hold onto the surface.
Many tiny ends on each hair are held to the glass by Van der Waals forces, the force that will make two very flat sheets of glass stick tightly together without any glue.
Jumping spiders are able to see very clearly.
Two of their eight eyes are very large and are complicated inside.
The eyes cannot move, so the spider will often move its body to look at what it wants to see.
However, it can also move the retinas of its two main eyes on the inside of the eye, so the center of the eye's picture can be moved.
So the jumping spider has binocular vision.
Use of silk
Very few kinds of jumping spider make webs; instead they use their silk for their safety rope and also to make a kind of tent where they sleep at night, shed their skins (molt), lay their eggs, and enjoy a long sleep during winter (hibernate).
Their silk comes out of their spinnerets (see diagram).
William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. (December 9, 1919– April 14, 2011) was a Nobel Prize-winning American inorganic and organic chemist.
He worked in nuclear magnetic resonance, theoretical chemistry, boron chemistry, and biochemistry.
His family moved to Lexington, Kentucky in 1920.He lived there until he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry at the University of Kentucky in 1941.
Then he earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree in Chemistry from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1946.
From 1946 to 1959, he taught at the University of Minnesota.
From 1959 to 1990, he was a professor of chemistry at Harvard University.
After 1990, he became a professor emeritus at Harvard.
Lipscomb was one of the first people to use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study chemical structures.
He learned out how to look at NMR data to find what atoms are connected together in a molecule.
This is called "chemical shift".
Lipscomb studied molecules.
These molecules included boron atoms.
Lipscomb used this work to learn basic ideas about how atoms form chemical bonds.
Lipscomb and his students created many important ideas in the field of theoretical chemistry.
His work on boron compounds won a Nobel Prize in 1976.
Three of his students went on to also win separate Nobel Prizes in Chemistry.
Lipscomb's later research was on the atomic structure of proteins.
He studied how enzymes work.
His group used x-ray diffraction to measure the three-dimensional structure of these proteins.
He calculated the exact location of every single atom in these large molecules.
Lipscomb then studied these details to learn how the molecules work in biological systems.
Carboxypeptidase A  was the first protein structure from Lipscomb's group.
Guggenheim Fellow, 1954
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1960.
Member of National Academy of Sciences, (1961)
Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, (1976)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, (1976)
"Reflections" on Linus Pauling: Video of a talk by Lipscomb.
See especially the "Linus and Me" section.
World War 2 research in brief audio clips by Lipscomb, which include his attempt to save the life of Elizabeth Swingle.
Technical description of the Swingle accident.
Scientific Character of W. Lipscomb Curriculum Vitae, publication list, science humor, Nobel Prize scrapbook, scientific aggression, family stories, portraits, eulogy.
Scientists from Cleveland, Ohio
Educators from Cleveland, Ohio
I Am Weasel (also spelled as I.M. Weasel because of the character) is an American animated television series produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Hanna-Barbera, created by David Feiss and aired on Cartoon Network.
The show is about a very smart weasel named I.M. Weasel who uses his talents to help people in all different ways, and because of this is adored by everybody in the world.
There is also a stupid baboon named I.R. Baboon who wants to be more admired than the weasel by trying to help people in his own way, but this often has bad results and makes everyone dislike him.
I Am Weasel was originally a series of segments in its sister series Cow and Chicken, usually being aired as the third of three segments in a Cow and Chicken episode.
The series started on July 15, 1997 and its first four seasons premiered in that format.
In 1999, I Am Weasel was separated and got its own half-hour show, premiering as an independent series on June 10, 1999.
All of the 52 episodes of I Am Weasel that originally aired on Cow and Chicken began to air in the new independent show, and were later joined by a fifth season with 27 new episodes, for a total of 79 episodes.
The series ended in 2000.
Lars Thiesgaard – Væsel / Den Røde Fyr
Timm Mehrens – I.R. Bavian
Hélène "Hella" Serafia Haasse (2 February 1918 – 29 September 2011) was a Dutch writer.
She was often called "the Grand Old Lady" of Dutch literature.
Many people think her greatest book is Heren van de Thee (The Tea Lords).
It is famous in many countries around the world.
In 1988 Haasse interviewed the Dutch Queen for her 50th birthday.
Haasse has received many awards for her writing.
She received the Constantijn Huygens Prize in 1981 and the P. C. Hooft Award in 1984.
She also won the Annie Romein Prize, the Dirk Martens Prize, and the Prize of the Public of the NS.
She is the only author who has written for Boekenweek (Book Week) three times, in 1948, 1959 and 1994.
Many of Haasse's books have been translated into French.
The Académie française gave Hasse an award called the Diplôme de médaille Argent in 1984.
In 2000, she received another award.
It was the Officier dans l’Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur.
The Chilean Ministry of Education gave her a prize in 1996.
In 1989 the city of Boston awarded her the Boston Certificate of Recognition for her book In a Dark Wood Wandering.
In 1992, Haasse went to the opening of the IKAPI International (Worldwide) Book Fair in Jakarta and visited Java, where she was born.
People from Batavia
Derived demand is what happens when someone buys one thing which then makes someone need to buy something else as well.
For example if someone bought a car then someone has to buy the metal that is used to build it.
Pete Postlethwaite OBE (7 February 1946 – 2 January 2011) was a British actor.
In 1994, he was nominated for an Oscar for his part in In the Name of the Father.
He was also awarded an OBE by Queen Elizabeth II in 2003.
The International House of Pancakes, better known by its acronym IHOP, is a restaurant chain.
It serves mostly breakfast foods but also serves lunch and dinner.
There are more than 1,500 restaurants in all 50 states as well as in Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
IHOP was founded in 1958 by Jerry Lapin, Al Lapin and Albert Kallis.
The first IHOP opened in Toluca Lake, Los Angeles, California.
Otmar Gutmann (April 24, 1937 in Münstertal - October 13, 1993 in Russikon) was a German television producer, animator and director.
He is best known for making the cartoon Pingu.
Zwijndrecht is a town and municipality in the province South Holland in the Netherlands.
It is between the cities Rotterdam and Dordrecht.
Zwijndrecht, Belgium, in the province of Antwerp
Zwijndrecht, Netherlands, in the province of South Holland
was a Japanese academic, author, historian, librarian, curator and peace advocate.
He was born in Nihonmatsu, Japan.
He studied at Waseda University in Tokyo.
In 1899, he earned a bachelor's degree (B.A.) at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.
He continued his studies at Yale University.
He earned a doctor's degree (Ph.D.) in 1902.
He lectured at Dartmouth in 1902.
In 1906–1907, he was a professor at Waseda.
Asakawa was an instructor at Yale from 1907 through 1910 when became an assistant professor.
He became the first Japanese professor at a major American university.
He taught history at Yale for 35 years.
Among those he influenced was John Whitney Hall.
After the end of the Russo-Japanese War, Asakawa began to speak out against the growth of militarism in Japan.
In 1941, he tried to prevent war between the US and Japan.
The Early Institutional Life of Japan. (
1903)
The Russo-Japanese Conflict: Its Causes and Issues  (1905)
The Origin of Feudal Land-Tenure in Japan (1914)
The life of a monastic shō in medieval Japan (1919)
The documents of Iriki, illustrative of the development of the feudal institutions of Japan (1922)
His works also included contributions to the publications Japan edited by Frank Brinkley (1904); the History of Nations Series (1907); China and the Far East (1910); Japan and Japanese-American Relations (1912); and The Pacific Ocean in History (1917).
Asakawa lived most of his life in the United States.
In the history of the Japanese-Americans, he is considered among the Issei who were immigrants born in Japan.
In 2007 the Asakawa Japanese garden at Yale, designed by Shinichiro Abe,  was dedicated to mark the centennial of Asakawa's appointment as an instructor of history at Yale.
Asakawa, Kanʾichi, 1873–1948 at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
The Asakawa Centennial at Yale
"Utsukushima Fukushima Story – The dreamer : Kan'ichi Asakawa"
"The Treaty of Portsmouth by Kan'ichi Asakawa"
"Asakawa Web-Museum by Asakawa Peace Association"
Kanichi Asakawa gravesite
Asian historians
Japanologists
Waseda University alumni
The Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus (OPERA) is a scientific experiment for detecting tau neutrinos from muon neutrino oscillations.
The experiment is a joint effort between the European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS).
In September 2011, OPERA scientists said that they had seen neutrinos appear to travel faster than the speed of light.
However, the scientists later found problems in their equipment which had caused the anomaly.
The neutrino time of flight was consistent with the speed of light.
OPERA neutrino anomaly
Ian Hill Nish CBE (born 3 June 1926) is a British academic, a specialist in Japanese studies, and  Emeritus Professor of International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).
He earned a master's degree (M.A.) at the University of Edinburgh.
He was awarded a doctorate degree (Ph.D.) at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London.
From 1962 through 1991, Nish taught at the London School of Economics in London.
Britain & Japan: Biographical Portraits (1994), with James Hoare
The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations: The Political-diplomatic Dimension (2000)
The Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5] (2003)
Japan Academy (Honorary member), 2007.
Commander of the British Empire.
Order of the Rising Sun, 1991.
Japan Foundation: Japan Foundation Award, 1991.
Nish, Ian Hill at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Reggaeton is a form of urban music that first became popular with Latin American youths in the early 1990s.
Reggaeton's predecessor originated in Panama as Reggae en Español.
It blends British West reggae and dancehall with Latin American genres, as well as hip hop.
Modern reggaeton beats follow the structure of the Dem Bow Riddim, a beat created by Jamaican producers Steely & Clevie in the late 80s and early 90s.
However, over the years, it has been losing every noticeable similarity with its original reggae origins.
Reggaeton Encyclopedia: History, instructional videos, shows, articles, performers (English & Russian)
Reggae music
The India-Pakistan War of 1947-48 is also known as the First Kashmir War.
It was fought between the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan over the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu from 1947 to 1948.
This was the first of four wars fought between the two newly independent nations.
The result of the war still affects the geopolitics of both the countries.
The result of the war was inconclusive.
However, neutral assessments seem to agree that India was the victor of the war because it was able to successfully defend about two-thirds of the Kashmir, including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh.
[[Category:20th century in Pakistan
The Indo-Pakistani Fight of 1965 was a war that took place between April 1965 and 23 September 1965 between Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Republic of India.
This conflict became known as the Second Kashmir War.
Both countries fought over the disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir.
The first Kashmir War took place in 1947.
The war began after Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar.
In this operation, Pakistan wanted to bring forces into Indian-held Jammu and Kashmir to conquer the area of Kashmir ruled by India.
The five-week war caused thousands of deaths on both sides.
It ended when United Nations (UN)  asked for ceasefire.
The war was fought on the western front after Pakistan launched "Operation Gibraltar" - a covert offensive in which up to 30,000 fighters were pushed across the ceasefire line into Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
India retaliated by crossing the international border at Lahore.
At midnight on 6 September, India crossed the international border between India and Pakistan and attacked Lahore and Kasur.
The Pakistan Army and Air Force prepared for war in a hurry and started attacks on India.
The attacks also started in the areas of Jammu and Kashmir.
The war was fought on the border until 22 September when UN asked for ceasefire.
Pakistan army had to face very heavy causalities.
The war affected a lot of people and the thousands of Pakistani families had to leave their house and belongings and move to safer areas because of India's capture of Lahore.
It has been a real confusion on who won the war.
Both nations believe it has been won by them but no one is sure who really won the war.
India won the war
India believes it won the war as it successfully  occupied 1800 km2 of Pakistani territory while Pakistan occupied 250 km2 of Indian territory .
The Indian army killed 3,800 Pakistanis and Pakistan army killed 3,000 Indian soldiers.
Retired American diplomat Dennis Kux: "Although both sides lost heavily in men and material, and neither gained a decisive military advantage, India had the better of the war.
Delhi achieved its basic goal of thwarting Pakistan's attempt to seize Kashmir by force.
Pakistan gained nothing from a conflict which it had instigated."
Pakistan won the war
Most Pakistanis believe that Pakistan was victorious .
In Pakistan, it is celebrated as a public holiday known as Defense Day on 6 September.
Records and achievements
M.M.Alam of Pakistan Army shot five Indian jets in 30 seconds
The war was the second largest tank battle since World War 2.
Begum Nusrat Bhutto (, , March 23, 1929 – October 23, 2011) was an Iranian-Pakistani who was the former First Lady of Pakistan and widow of former Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
She became her husband's successor as the chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from 1979 to 1983.
The couple had four children: PPP chairman and the first and only female Pakistani Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007), Murtaza Bhutto (1954-1996), Sanam Bhutto (born 1957) and Shahnawaz Bhutto (1958-1985).
She died on October 23, 2011.
Japanese studies (or Japanology) is a term generally used to describe the historical and cultural study of Japan.
In North America, the academic field is usually referred to as Japanese studies.
The term "Japanology" is more often used in Europe.
Japanese history
Music of Japan
Science and technology in Japan
Notable Japanologists
Edwin O. Reischauer
Ruth Benedict
Ernest Mason Satow
Notable foreign centers of Japanese studies
University of Virginia Japanese Text Initiative
Harvard University - Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies
University of California, Berkeley - Center for Japanese Studies
Columbia University - The Center for Japanese Legal Studies
Oxford University -  Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies
School of Oriental and African Studies - The Japan Research Centre and Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures
School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences – Centre de Recherches sur le Japon
Leiden University - Japanese Languages and Cultures
Universitas Indonesia - Japanese Area Studies Program
Associations for Japan Studies overseas
British Association for Japanese studies
The Society for Japanese Studies (United States)
Notable Academic Journals
Journal of Japanese Studies (The Society for Japanese Studies)
Monumenta Nipponica (Sophia University)
Social Science Japan Journal (Oxford University Press)
Electronic journal of contemporary Japanese studies
Blind Fool Love is a post-hardcore Italian band, made in Toscana, Italy in 2005.
In 2007 the band released their first demo, followed by the EP Il pianto in May 2011.
The first studio album is called La strage di Cupido and was released in September 27, 2011, by Sony Music.
Tommaso Sabatini - guitars, lead vocals
Piero Cini - bass
Marco Ronconi - drums
Blind Fool Love (demo, 2007)
Il pianto (EP, 2011)
La strage di Cupido (studio album, 2011)
Vampiro (2009)
Saranno giorni (2010)
Il pianto (2011)
La ballata della farfalla melitaea (2011)
Com'eri un tempo (2011)
It was founded in 1955 like the Copper Office.
In 1966, under President Eduardo Frei Montalva, the Copper Office changes the name to Copper Corporation of Chile (Codelco).
It was nationalized on July 11, 1971 under Salvador Allende.
In 1976 was created the Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile under the Augusto Pinochet administration.
Chilean Nationalization of Copper
Official Site of Codelco-Chile
Planet Dinosaur is a six-part documentary television series produced by the BBC, narrated by John Hurt, first aired in the United Kingdom in 2011, produced by VFX studio Jellyfish Pictures.
It is the first major dinosaur-related series for BBC One since Walking with Dinosaurs.
There are more than 50 different prehistoric species featured, and they and their environments were created entirely as computer-generated images, for only a third of the production cost that was needed a decade earlier for Walking with Dinosaurs.
By the time the third episode aired, the companion book to the series was released accompany it.
The DVD will be released after the series finishes.
CBBC aired a spin-off, Planet Dinosaur Files, from 29 September, 2011, hosted by Jem Stansfield.
Each episode compares three Mesozoic creatures and involves practical tests to replicate certain behaviours in an attempt to find out which creature holds a certain title, such as the "most powerful" theropod.
Tom Sutcliffe in the Independent found that it was visually "polished and jazzed up" but that  the "knowledge and science generally take second place to B-movie spectacle".
BBC website
2011 British television series debuts
On July 28, 2011, the United States House Judiciary Committee passed the Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011 (HR 1981).
The bill passed by a vote of 19-10.
Next the bill will be discussed in the House of Representatives.
Some people are against this bill because it gives a lot of access to personal information.
Some people have said that the bill will not become a law, but the Congressional Budget Office put out a report on October 12, 2011, with the cost of making the changes in the bill.
The next step is that the bill will be discussed in the House of Representatives.
On May 25, 2011, Representative Lamar Smith of Texas introduced the bill.
It was co-sponsored by 25 other Representatives of the House.
On July 28, 2011 the bill was passed by the House Judiciary Committee.
It has to go through more approvals before it becomes a law.
The purpose of the bill is to protect children.
The bill would give the police more access to information in order to find and catch people who make and/or distribute child pornography.
This bill would create laws that give bigger punishments for people charged with child pornography.
The bill also makes companies that people in the United States get internet service from (internet service providers or ISPs) keep records of all of their customers' internet use for twelve months.
They would have to keep this information in case it needs to be used to investigate people.
On October 12, 2011 a report on the costs of the bill was released.
This report said that the cost to the government would be very small and that the internet service companies would have to pay more than $200 million.
That money includes the cost of storing the extra information about their customers.
Some say that because of the Patriot Act, this law could mean that people could lose some of their civil rights.
Representative Zoe Lofgren, (D-Calif.) is very against the bill and asked for it to be renamed the "Keep Every American's Digital Data for Submission to the Federal Government Without a Warrant Act."
She believes that people will have a lot less privacy if this is passed.
People who are in favor of the bill say that the police and other law enforcers need to be able to go back and look at the records of  IP addresses, because these addresses can change over time.
So the police need to be able to check the records in order to catch people.
occurred.
Lamar Smith, the bill's sponsor, said that: ""Some Internet service providers currently retain these [IP] addresses for business purposes.
But the period of retention varies widely among providers, from a few days to a few months.
The lack of uniform data retention impedes the investigation of Internet crimes."
Smith said that the number of child pornography cases grew by 150% a year every year for the past ten years.
Aishwarya Rai Bachchan (born 1 November 1973) is an Indian actress.
She won the Miss World 1994 pageant.
Her acting has made her one of the most popular celebrities in India.
She has won many awards, including two Filmfare Awards.
Bachchan also was given the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009 and the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the Government of France in 2012.
Some parts of the media have called her "the most beautiful woman in the world".
She was born into the family of merchant navy officer Krishnaraj Raja and writer Vrinda Rai.
The actress has an older brother - a merchant navy engineer Aditya.
Aishwarya's native language is Tulu, and she also speaks English, Hindi, Marathi, and Tamil.
As a child she studied classical music and dance.
At an early age, she moved with her family to Bombay, where she studied at Arya Vidya Mandir high school in the suburbs of Santacruz.
After graduating from Ruparel College (before that she studied at Jai Hind College for a year), she entered the university, where she began to study architecture, but then became a model.
In 1994 she won the Miss World contest.
After participating in the Pepsi advertising campaign, she starred for Vogue magazine.
Aishwarya's first role in a film was the well-received film "Tandem" in 1997, where she played a dual role: a rural beauty and an actress.
She dated Salman Khan for several years.
After a while she started dating actor Vivek Oberoi.
On January 14, 2007, she announced her engagement to actor Abhishek Bachchan, the son of the famous actor Amitabh Bachchan, and married him on April 20 of that year.
On November 16, 2011, Aishwarya Rai gave birth to a daughter at a clinic in Mumbai.
The girl was named Aaradhia Bachchan.
Indian beauty pageant winners
Mariner 9 was a NASA spacecraft.
It was the ninth spacecraft in the Mariner programme.
It was sent to study and orbit the planet Mars.
It was the first spacecraft to orbit another planet.
Mariner 9 was launched on May 30, 1971 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
Mariner 9 reached Mars on November 13, 1971, after a ~170 day flight.
The spacecraft was sent to map 70 % of the surface of Mars and to study the temperature changes of the Martian atmosphere and surface.
When it arrived, a dust storm hid the surface of Mars.
After a few months the dust settled and Mariner 9 discovered the Valles Marineris.
Mariner 09
Flemming "Bamse" Duun Jørgensen (7 February 1947 – 1 January 2011) was a Danish pop singer and actor.
He was the lead singer of the band Bamses Venner () and also released solo albums.
As an actor he received a Robert Award for best male supporting actor in 1986 for the movie Ofelia kommer til byen ().
Jørgensen died of a cardiac arrest on New Year's Day in 2011.
Din sang (1977)
Solen skinner (1979)
Bamse Live I (1980)
Bamse Live II (1980)
Lige nu (1987)
1988 (1988)
Lidt for mig selv (1994)
Jul på Vimmersvej (1995)
Stand By Me (1999)
Always on My Mind (2001)
Be My Guest (2005)
Love Me Tender (2007)
Tæt på (2010)
Danish actors
Danish movie actors
Aston was born near Londonderry in  Ireland.
In 1859-1863, he studied at Queen's College in Belfast, which is now Queen's University Belfast.
Aston was an interpreter in the British Legation in Japan in 1864.
He studied with Ernest Mason Satow.
Aston worked in the British consular service in Tokyo, Kobe and Nagasaki.
He retired in 1889.
Along with  Satow and Basil Hall Chamberlain, Aston was one of three major British Japanologists during the 19th century.
Aston was the first translator of the Nihongi into the English language (1896).
Aston donated his translations of Korean folk tales to the Asiatic Museum in St. Petersberg, Russia and they were published in 2004.
This part of Aston's personal collection is now at the Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg.
A Short Grammar of the Japanese Spoken Language (1869)
A Grammar of the Japanese Written Language (1877)
A Grammar of the Japanese Spoken Language (1877)
Early Japanese history (1889)
Nihongi; Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 (1896)
A History of Japanese Literature (1898)
Littérature japonaise (1902)
Shinto, the Way of the Gods (1905)
Shinto, the Ancient Religion of Japan (1907)
Aston, W. G. (William George), 1841-1911 at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
The History of Japanese Literature by W.G. Aston (Yokohama: Kelly and Walsh, 1899)
was the 53rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
His reign started in 823 and ended in 833.
Events of Junna's life
810 (Kōnin 1): Prince Ōtomo was named the heir of Emperor Saga at 25 years of age.
30 May 823 (Kōnin 14, 17th day of the 4th month): In the 14th year of Emperor Saga's reign, the monarch abdicated.
The succession (senso) was received by Prince Ōtomo, who was Saga's younger brother.
Soon afterwards, the prince is said to have said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).
22 March 833 (Tenchō 10, 28th day of the 2nd month): In the 10th year of Emperor Junna's reign, he abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by a his adopted son, who would be known as Emperor Ninmyō.
11 June 840 (Jōwa 7, 8th day of the 5th month): Former-Emperor Junna died at the age of 55.
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the mausoleum  (misasagi) of Junna is in Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto.
The years of Junna's reign are identified by more than one era name (nengō).
Tenchō            (824-834)
786 births
840 deaths
Styes (), also hordeolum () are infections at the base of a human eyelid or the eyelash.
They are usually formed in the lids and are small red bumps; these styes can be either external or internal.
Styes are small-sized and rather short in duration.
They happen particularly often in infants, although people of all ages can get it.
They're triggered by eye rubbing or poor nutrition.
They often last four days under treatment to two weeks without.
Japan, 1779-1784
At Dejima Island in Japan, Titsingh was the head of the Dutch East India Company(Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or "VOC" in Dutch) during 1779-1780, 1781–1783, and 1784.
In these years, the Japanese policy of seclusion of isolation (sakoku) limited all contact with non-Japanese.
In this highly controlled context, the VOC traders became the sole official conduit for trade and for scientific-cultural exchanges between Japan and the West.
India, 1785-1792
In 1785, Titsingh was appointed Director of the VOC trading post at Chinsura in Bengal.
He formed a friendship with William Jones, the philologist and Bengal jurist.
Batavia, 1792-1793
Titsingh’s return to Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia) led to new VOC positions as Ontvanger-Generaal (Treasurer) and later as Commissaris ter Zee (Maritime Commissioner).
In Batavia, Titsingh met with the British Ambassador do China, Lord Macartney who was travelling to the Imperial Court in Peking.
Titsingh encouraged McCartney to abandon a planned expedition to Japan in 1793.
China, 1794-1795
Titsingh was appointed Dutch Ambassador to the court of the Emperor of China.
He was in Peking for the celebrations of the sixtieth anniversary of the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.
In Peking, the Titsingh delegation included Andreas Everardus van Braam Houckgeest and Chrétien-Louis-Joseph de Guignes.
Titsingh is believed to have been the first Freemason in China.
and the only to be received personally in the court of the Qianlong emperor.
Return to Europe, 1796-1812
Among the Japanese books brought to Europe by Titsingh, was a copy of  by Hayashi Shihei (1738–93).
This book, which was published in Japan in 1785, deals with Chosen (Korea) and the kingdom of Ryukyu (Okinawa) and Ezo (Hokkaido).
In Paris, the text represented the first appearance of Korean han'gŭl in Europe.
In 1832, Julius Klaproth (1783-1735) at the Institut Royal publish his edited version of Titsingh's translation.
"Bereiding van saké en soya," in Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen (1781)
Cérémonies usitées au Japon pour les mariages et les funérailles (1819).
Mémoires et anecdotes sur la dynastie régnante des djogouns, souverains du Japon (1820),
Illustrations of Japan (1822)
Bijzonderheden over Japan (1824)
Annales des empereurs du Japon (1834)
Titsingh, Isaac, 1744-1812 at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
http://www.titsingh.nl/paginas/biotitsleven.htm
Ambassadors of the Netherlands
Dutch esotericists
Dutch historians
The Morrison Formation is a geological formation laid down in the Upper Jurassic.
It is a distinctive sequence of sedimentary rock in the western United States, and is named after Morrison, Colorado.
It has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America.
It is composed of mudstone, sandstone, siltstone and limestone.
Its colour is light grey, greenish gray, or red.
Most of the fossils occur in the green siltstone beds and lower sandstones, relics of the rivers and floodplains of the Jurassic period.
The formation is in Wyoming and Colorado, with outcrops in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Idaho.
It covers an area of 1.5 million square km (600,000 square miles), although only a tiny fraction is exposed and accessible to geologists and paleontologists.
Over 75% is still buried under the prairie to the east and much of the rest was destroyed by erosion as the Rocky Mountains rose to the west.
The first fossils were discovered by Arthur Lakes in 1877.
That same year, it became the center of the Bone Wars, a fossil-collecting rivalry between early paleontologists Othniel Charles Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope.
According to radiometric dating, the Morrison Formation dates from 156.3 ± 2 million years old at its base, to 146.8 ± 1 million years old at the top, which places it in the later Jurassic.
This is similar in age to the Solnhofen Limestone Formation in Germany and the Tendaguru Formation in Tanzania.
Throughout the western USA, it lays over the Middle Jurassic Summerville, Sundance, Bell Ranch, Wanakah, and Stump Formations.
At the time, the supercontinent of Laurasia had recently split into the continents of North America and Eurasia, although they were still connected by land bridges.
North America moved north and was passing through the subtropical regions.
The area was low-lying, and sediments were laid down in rivers, lakes, shallow water of various kinds.
The details varied from time to time.
The Morrison Basin, which stretched from New Mexico in the south to Alberta and Saskatchewan in the north, was formed when the early pre-Rocky Mountains started pushing up to the west.
Streams and rivers in the east-facing drainage basin swept sediment down from the heights.
The sediment was dropped in swampy lowlands, lakes, river channels and floodplains.
In the course of time, this became the Morrison Formation.
In the north, the Sundance Sea, an extension of the Arctic Ocean, stretched through Canada down to the United States.
Coal is found in the Morrison Formation of Montana, which means that the northern part of the formation, along the shores of the sea, was wet and swampy, with much vegetation.
Aeolian, or wind-deposited sandstones are found in the southwestern part, which indicates it was much more arid — a desert, with sand dunes.
Dinosaur National Monument is a National Monument on the southeast flank of the Uinta Mountains on the border between Colorado and Utah at the confluence of the Green and Yampa Rivers.
The Dinosaur Quarry  is in Utah just to the north of the town of Jensen, Utah.
This park has fossils of dinosaurs including Allosaurus, Abydosaurus (a nearly complete skull, lower jaws and first four neck vertebrae of the specimen DINO 16488 was found here) and various long-neck, long-tail sauropods.
The dinosaur fossil beds (bone beds) were discovered in 1909 by Earl Douglass, a paleontologist working and collecting for the Carnegie Museum.
He and his crews excavated thousands of fossils and shipped them back to the museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for study and display.
President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the dinosaur beds as Dinosaur National Monument in 1915.
The monument boundaries were expanded in 1938 from the original  tract surrounding the dinosaur quarry in Utah, to its present extent of over 200,000 acres (800 km²) in Utah and Colorado, including the spectacular river canyons of the Green and Yampa.
Dinosaur fossils
The roster of dinosaurs from the Morrison is impressive.
Among the theropods, Allosaurus, Saurophaganax, Torvosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Coelurus, Ornitholestes, Tanycolagreus, Stokesosaurus, and Marshosaurus are found in the Morrison.
An abundance of sauropods has been found there, including Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Barosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Camarasaurus, and Amphicoelias, which is possibly the largest known dinosaur ever to exist.
Two genera of stegosaurs, Stegosaurus and Hesperosaurus, have been found there.
Finally, ornithopods found in the Morrison include Dryosaurus, Camptosaurus, Drinker, Othnielia, and Othnielosaurus.
was the eldest son of Japanese Emperor Richū; and he was the father of sons who would become known as Emperor Kenzō and Emperor Ninken.
According to the Nihonshoki, Oshiwa was killed in a hunting accident by Emperor Yūryaku.
His sons were adopted as heirs by Emperor Seinei.
They are known as Prince Woke  (or Kenzō-tennō) and as Prince Oke (or Ninken-tennō).
The Dinosaur Ridge area is one of the world's most famous dinosaur fossil localities.
In 1877, some of the best-known dinosaurs were found here, including Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Stegosaurus, and Allosaurus.
In 1973, the area was recognized for its uniqueness as well as its historical and scientific significance when it was designated the Morrison Fossil Area National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
In 1989, the Friends of Dinosaur Ridge formed to address increasing concerns regarding the preservation of the site and to offer educational programs on the area's resources.
The rocks on the west side of Dinosaur Ridge are part of the widespread Morrison Formation of Jurassic age.
It is in these rocks, where Arthur Lakes discovered the dinosaur bones in 1877.
Fifteen quarries were opened along the Dakota hogback in the Morrison area in search of these fossils.
The rocks on the east side of Dinosaur Ridge are part of the Cretaceous Dakota Formation.
When Alameda Parkway was being constructed in 1937 to provide access to Red Rocks Park, workers discovered hundreds of dinosaur footprints.
These were found to include mostly Iguanodon-like footprints.
Carnivorous theropod tracks are also present.
The site features the Dinosaur Ridge Exhibit Hall with displays about the dinosaurs found at the site.
Additionally, Dinosaur Ridge has interpretive signs at trail locations that explain the local geology, a volcanic ash bed, trace fossils, paleo-ecology, economic development of coal, oil and clay, and many other geologic and paleontological features.
Friends of Dinosaur Ridge
Dinosaur Ridge Information
The Galaxy Nexus is a smartphone made by Google and Samsung, using the Android operating system.
The phone started being sold on November 17, 2011.
Unlocking and rooting
The Galaxy Nexus is designed to be a developer-friendly phone.
It is very easy to unlock and root.
To unlock the bootloader, boot the phone into fastboot mode by holding down both volume keys while powering the phone on, and connect the phone to a computer with the Android SDK installed and run the command "fastboot oem unlock".
This is in contrast to most other mobile phones which are designed to be difficult to unlock.
This phone uses NFC, which allows it to communicate wirelessly with other Android devices.
Official Galaxy Nexus page
Galaxy Nexus at Samsung
Engadget coverage
The Social Network is a 2010 American movie about the beginning of Facebook.
Jesse Eisenberg played Mark Zuckerberg in the movie.
David Fincher directed the movie.
Adam Sorkin wrote the screenplay.
The movie was very popular and won many awards, but did not win the Academy Award for Best Picture.
The story happens in Massachusetts and California from 2003–2005.
Jesse Eisenberg as Mark Zuckerberg
Andrew Garfield as Eduardo Saverin
Justin Timberlake as Sean Parker
Armie Hammer as Cameron Winklevoss and Tyler Winklevoss
Josh Pence as Tyler Winklevoss (body double for Armie Hammer)
Max Minghella as Divya Narendra
Brenda Song as Christy Lee
Rashida Jones as Marylin Delpy
Joseph Mazzello as Dustin Moskovitz
Rooney Mara as Erica Albright
Dustin Fitzsimons as The Phoenix S-K Club President
Patrick Mapel as Chris Hughes
Douglas Urbanski as Larry Summers
Wallace Langham as Peter Thiel
Dakota Johnson as Amelia Ritter
Malese Jow as Alice Cantwel
Denise Grayson as Gretchen
James Shanklin as Prince Albert II
Trevor Wright as Josh Thompson
John Getz as Sy
Shelby Young as K.C.
David Selby as Gage
Aaron Sorkin as Ad executive
2010s legal movies
Movies set in 2004
Chaz Salvatore Bono (Born Chastity Sun Bono; March 4, 1969) is an American actor and is a spokesperson for the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation.
He danced on ABC's Dancing With the Stars.
He is the son of Sonny and Cher Bono.
He is a female-to-male transgender person.
A documentary on Bono's experience, Becoming Chaz, was at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival.
It was later on the OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network.
Family Outing (with Billie Fitzpatrick) (1998).
Little, Brown and Company.
The End of Innocence: A Memoir (with Michele Kort) (2003).
Transition: the story of how I became a man (with Billie Fitzpatrick) (2011).
New York: Dutton.
Transition: Becoming Who I Was Always Meant to Be (with Billie Fitzpatrick) (2012 paperback).
Plume.
"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" is a single performed by American recording artist Katy Perry.
It is the fifth single from her third album Teenage Dream.
The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the US.
It reached the top in Canada as well.
It climbed to the top five in Australia and New Zealand and the top ten in Austria and the UK.
It was released June 6, 2011.
A remix was later released featuring rapper Missy Elliott.
The song became Perry's fifth number-one single from Teenage Dream.
This was a first for a female artist.
Only Michael Jackson also had five chart-toppers from one album with Bad in 1987.
The Ying Yang Twins are an American crunk rap group based in Atlanta.
The group debuted in 2000 and rose into mainstream with the song Get Low almost three years later.
They've had several hit albums and hit songs.
A Dip slope is the geological formation of tilted strata.
They're found on homoclinal ridges, one side being steep and irregular and the other (the dip slope) being parallel to the bedding.
The Mariner program was a program of spacecraft launched by NASA between 1963 and 1973.
The spacecraft studied the planets Mars, Venus and Mercury.
There were 10 spacecraft in the Mariner programme, named Mariners 1-10.
Seven were successful but three were lost.
The program included spacecraft doing things that spacecraft had never done before.
These things included the first planetary fly-by, the first pictures from another planet, the first planetary orbiter, and the first gravity assist maneuver.
Other spacecraft in the Mariner program were planned but they were changed into other spacecraft with different names.
For example, Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 were planned but changed into Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.
This is a list of Harry Potter movies cast members.
Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson are the pioneer trio in Harry Potter series for the 8 movies.
Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport is a large airport in France.
It is in the outskirts of Paris.
In 2010, it handled 58,164,612 passengers.
As of 12 February 2018, the head of the airport is Marc Houalla.
Airports in France
The village has a small collection of shops (bakery, superette, tobacconist) and several chambres d'hôtes.
There are other activities, such as a post office, a nearby paintball, a seasonal gallery and of course the local wine industry.
the château (see pictures)
the village center, built as a circulade
Official Pouzolles website
Communes in Hérault
, also known as ,  was an old province of Japan in area of Hyōgo Prefecture on the island of Honshū.
The maps of Japan and Harima Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Iwa jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Harima.
It was created on December 31, 1997, by decision of the Prefecture, and dissolved on January 1, 2013 upon merging with surrounding communauté de communes to form the Communauté des communes des Avant-Monts du Centre Hérault.
The name comes from the local coteaux (vineyards) and chateaux (castles), prominent features of the countryside.
Coteaux et Chateaux contained the following communes:
Gabian
Margon
Neffiès
Roujan
Vailhan
Look up coteau and château on the Wiktionary.
Lord of the Flies is a novel written by William Golding.
The title is a literal translation of Beelzebub, a Semitic deity which was worshipped in the Philistine city of Ekron.
Golding based this novel on two personal experiences: his time teaching at boys' public schools and his experiences in World War II.
He had read books like Coral Island which showed young boys getting stranded on desert islands and living in perfect Utopia.
He wanted to write about what he thought would really happen in this situation.
The book portrays their descent into savagery.
Left to themselves, far from modern civilisation, the well-educated children revert to a primitive state.
The central theme is the conflicting human impulses toward civilization  living by rules, peacefully and in harmony  and toward the will to power.
Themes include the tension between groupthink and individuality, between rational and emotional reactions, and between morality and immorality.
How these play out is the story of Lord of the Flies.
A group of boys of different ages, from different schools and backgrounds, are stranded on an island after their plane is brought down.
The country they came from has been hit with a atom bomb and all the adults on their plane have died.