the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Flanders had originally been meant to just be a neighbor that Homer was jealous of, but Harry Shearer used "such a sweet voice" and Flanders was planned to become a Christian and a sweet guy that someone would choose to live next to over Homer.
How he was received
Ned's "unbearable niceness" has been described as "The Simpsons' worst comment about religion.
Although Flanders was meant to be only a character making fun of Christian right, he has since become a favorite of many Christian viewers.
He has been described as "[The United States]' most well-known evangelical."
Dr. Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, declared himself as a Simpsons fan, and likes Flanders.
Ned Flanders at TheSimpsons.com
de:Figuren aus Die Simpsons#Ned Flanders
pl:Postacie w serialu Simpsonowie#Ned Flanders
Mike Scully (born October 2, 1956 in West Springfield, Massachusetts) is an Emmy Award-winning American television writer best known for his work as show runner of the Fox series The Simpsons from 1997 - 2001 (Seasons 9-12).
writers from Massachusetts
George Meyer is an American producer and screenwriter for the television series The Simpsons.
He is arguably the writer who has done the most to the series over the many years it has been made.
In 2000, Meyer was called "the funniest man behind the funniest show on TV" by The New Yorker.
Studio 360 episode "Cosmos, Spheres, Voyager" from January 12, 2002 featuring an original piece by Meyer on space collecting
New Yorker Magazine article profiling George Meyer
writers from Pennsylvania
The Christian right (known as the religious right in the United States) is the name for right-wing Christian political and social movements.
They also exist in other countries, such as Canada.
However, the term is most often used in the United States.
These groups have a strong support of conservative social and political ideas.
Usually, this comes from a belief that the United States was founded on a strong belief in God.
It also come from a belief that American laws and policies should be based on what is in the Bible.
Members of the Christian right can be from any branch of Christianity, including Catholicism.
However, the religious right is most often used with Evangelical Christians, Fundamentalists (such as Born-agains) and Mormons.
About 15% of Americans say they are part of the Christian or religious right.
People who have been conservative due to their religion have been in the United States for hundreds of years.
For example, the people who put John Scopes on trial would later be called members of the religious right.
However, the term first came into use in the 1970s.
Jerry Falwell was one of the first people to use it.
He and others felt that the country and its institutions (such as schools and colleges) were run by left-wing intellectuals who did not believe in God.
They thought that in reality most people believed in God and did not care for left-wing intellectuals.
The fight between left-wing intellectuals and the religious right is often called the "culture wars".
As well as the Christian right, there is something called the Christian left.
However, it is not as well-known or powerful.
The Christian right became more popular again in the 1970s under Falwell due to abortion.
This was in response to the Roe v. Wade decision made by the U.S. Supreme Court.
Most members of the Christian right feel that life begins at conception.
They think that killing a fetus is murder.
Therefore, they think abortion should be illegal in most or all cases.
This is called being "pro-life".
Though the right has not been able to get rid of Roe (and it is now considered to be a precedent by most judges), they have been successful in making it harder to get abortions in some states.
Many members of the Christian right believe that the Bible says it is bad to be homosexual (gay or lesbian).
They used to support sodomy laws.
Today, they are mostly against allowing gay marriage.
They have had many laws and initiatives passed to stop gay people from marrying (such as California's Proposition 8).
Some of these were found to be unconstitutional in the courts.
To make stopping gay marriage constitutional, many have pushed for an amendment to the United States constitution to ban gay marriage.
Many members of the Christian right do not believe in evolution, because it goes against the creation story of the Bible.
They instead favor creationism or intelligent design.
Most biologists believe that evolution is true and that arguments against evolution are weak.
In a few places, they have been successful in teaching intelligent design alongside evolution in public schools.
Prayer in schools
Many members of the Christian right want to allow prayer in public schools and display of things related to Christ in public or government places.
As with gay marriage, this has been questioned in the courts, usually due to the freedom of religion clause in the First Amendment.
Tress MacNeille (born June 20, 1951) is an American voice actress best known for doing voices on the animated television series The Simpsons, Futurama, and Animaniacs, The Powerpuff Girls.
Her most famous characters on The Simpsons include Agnes Skinner, Brandine Spuckler and Lindsey Naegle, while her performance as Mom is her most notable Futurama'' role.
She also been the voice of the penguins in the Disney TV Series Club Penguin, and the voice of Daisy Duck.
Karl Wiedergott (born February 8, 1969) is a German actor.
He has regularly played various voice roles in the television program The Simpsons, beginning in 1998.
He has also worked on The Simpsons Movie which was released July 27, 2007.
Karl Wiedergott's Official Website
German voice actors
Bill Oakley (born in 1966) is an American television writer, best known for his work on The Simpsons.
Along with his writing partner Josh Weinstein, Oakley was the executive producer and showrunner during the seventh and eighth seasons.
Before serving as the show's executive producers, the pair were hired onto the writing staff during the fourth season.
Together, the two wrote episodes such as "Who Shot Mr. Burns?".
After leaving The Simpsons, Oakley and Weinstein created Mission Hill, The Mullets, and served as consulting producers on Futurama.
Interview with Bill and Josh at TVDads.com
Interview with Bill and Josh at Morphizm.com
Interview with Bill and Josh on NPR's On the Media
David X. Cohen (born July 13, 1966), born David Samuel Cohen, is an American television writer.
He has written for The Simpsons.
He also runs and is the main writer for Futurama.
IGN Interview With David X. Cohen
Interview with David X. Cohen about the return of Futurama
An Interview About Math in Futurama with David X. Cohen, by Dr. Sarah Greenwald
Canterbury Cathedral is one of the oldest and most famous churches in England.
The cathedral is in Canterbury, Kent.
It is also one of the greatest examples of mediaeval Norman architecture in Britain.
The cathedral is the 'seat' of the archbishop of Canterbury.
The archbishop is the most important bishop in the Church of England.
The church was founded by Augustine of Canterbury in 597 AD.
The present version was built on the remains of the old Saxon church by Lanfranc, starting in 1066.
Lanfranc, the first Norman Archbishop, was put in position by William the Conqueror.
His cathedral was dedicated in 1077.
The architecture of the present cathedral is basically Romanesque, with many later repairs and additions.
The nave (where the congregation sits) was rebuilt in the 14th century with newly discovered building methods.
The new style of English Gothic architecture ('perpendicular') gave the building greater height and larger windows.
Some of the stained glass in the cathedral is from the 12th century.
It was probably made between 1130 and 1160.
There was a great fire in 1174 and the people built most of the cathedral again.
The fire did not destroy some of the old windows from the 12th century.
The cathedral area, called the precinct, has walls all around it.
Canterbury also has defensive wall.
Much of this wall is still standing.
The cathedral precinct includes many other buildings: a school, a conference building, a number of houses and a palace.
The Deanery is where the dean of Canterbury lives: he is the manager of the cathedral.
The dean and chapter (a committee) take the decisions.
The archbishop's job is to run the whole Anglican Church.
The cathedral costs £12,000 a day to run and repair, and there are no government grants.
Because of this, fund-raising is one of the Dean's main jobs.
The cathedral is a working church.
On Sundays there are six services (of different kinds).
On weekdays there are three services.
These are free of any entry charge.
Tourists visiting pay a fee to see the cathedral when there is no service.
It was where Thomas Becket was murdered by knights of Henry II, after the king asked, supposedly, "Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?"
Beckett was the second archbishop of Canterbury to be murdered.
The first was Alphege in 1012.
The third was Thomas Cranmer, in 1533.
in 1988, UNESCO and the World Heritage Committee named Canterbury Cathedral, the ruins of St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church together as a World Heritage Site.
As a group, they are buildings which show the development of Christianity in Britain.
Events of note
1498 The great bell tower, called 'Bell Harry Tower', completed the cathedral more or less as it is today.
1538 Becket's shrine destroyed by Henry VIII
1540 Monastery dissolved by Royal Command.
1660/1704 Repair after Puritan damage.
1790/1830s The original northwest tower was replaced during the 1830s.
This was the last major structural alteration to the cathedral.
Literary references
The Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century.
The book is about a group of travellers who are going from London to Canterbury.
As they travel along, each person tells a tale (a story).
Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church
Cathedral website
Canterbury Cathedral at SacredDestinations.com
Bosco Gurin or Bosco/Gurin (Walser German: Gurin / Guryn, Lombard: Bosch / Gürin) is a municipality of the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
It is the only municipality in Ticino where German is a co-official language.
Brione sopra Minusio is a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Brissago is a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Comune di Brissago
Brusino Arsizio is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Bruzella was a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
The Second-in-Command (2i/c or 2IC) is the second commander, the person that is in charge after the commander, of any British Army or British Royal Marines unit/group.
He or she is the same as an Executive Officer in the United States Army.
This term or word is also used in many other Commonwealth militaries.
The Second-in-Command of a group is usually a Major.
The Second-in-Command of a smaller group is usually a Captain (although infantry groups' Second-in-Command's were usually Lieutenants until after the Second World War), the Second-in-Command of an even smaller group is the Sergeant of the group, and the Second-in-Command of a section is usually a Lance Corporal.
Other meanings/uses
"Second-in-command" is a term/word used, usually as a joke, for any deputy or person that is right below the commander.
Its basic meaning is "someone that relieves a commander".
Cademario is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino.
Cadempino is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Cadenazzo is a municipality of the district of Bellinzona, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Cadro is a former municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Calpiogna is a municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Camignolo was a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
On 21 November 2010 the former municipalities  Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino joined together to become one new municipality called Monteceneri.
Camorino was a municipality, in the municipality of Bellinzona and the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
2017 disestablishments in Switzerland
Campello is a municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Chara (town), a town in east Russia and Chara Airport
CHARA array, a telescope
Beta Canum Venaticorum, a star
A genus in Charales, an order of green algae also known as Stonewort
Chara people, an ethnic group in Ethiopia
Zdeno Chara, NHL player
Chara (singer), J-Pop singer
Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (29 January 1867-28 January 1928) was a Spanish realist novelist writing in Spanish, a screenwriter and occasional film director.
Works translated to English
Spanish screenwriters
Pistoia is a city in the Tuscany region of Italy.
It is the capital of the province of Pistoia.
The city is about  west and north of Florence.
Pistoria, the old Latin name of Pistoia, was a Gallic, Ligurian and Etruscan city.
After the city became a Roman colony in the 6th century BC, it was a place for activities or trades.
Near the end of the 6th century, the city was captured by troops of the Lombardic king.
The city did very well under the control of the Lombards.
In 1177, Pistoia chose to become a free commune.
In the following years, it became an important political centre.
It built walls and several public and religious buildings.
In 1254 Pistoia was captured by troops from Florentine.
Pistoia stayed a Florentine city except for few years in the 14th century, when Castruccio Castracani captured it for Lucca.
It was annexed to (made a part of) Florence in 1530.
During the 14th century Ormanno Tedici was one of the Lords of the city.
Dante mentioned the town in his Divina Commedia.
Michelangelo called the people of Pistoia the "enemies of heaven".
Duomo Square and Bishops' Palace
The large Piazza del Duomo is connected near to other famous buildings, for example the  Palazzo del Comune and the Palazzo del Podestà.
In July, the Giostra dell'Orso ("Bear Joust") takes place in the square.
At the joust, horsemen try to strike a target held by a dummy shaped like a bear.
The 14th century Baptistry, in Gothic style is also in the square.
The Palazzo dei Vescovi ("Bishops' Palace") includes a loggia in gothic style.
Other important buildings
Church of the Madonna dell'Umiltà (1509), finished by Giovanni Vasari with a high cupola.
Church of San Bartolomeo in Pantano (12th century).
The Romanesque church of San Giovanni Fuoricivitas (12th-14th century).
The Monument in Honour of Brazilians (Soldiers and Pilots) killed in action on Italian Campaign (World War II)
Church of San Domenico
Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie
Church of San Pietro Maggiore
Church of San Paolo
Church of 'La Vergine"
the Baroque church of Santissima Annunziata, famous for its Chiostro dei Morti ("Dead's Cloister").
"Ospedale del Ceppo" ("del Ceppo Hospital") '(13th century).
The 14th century walls.
These had originally four gates: Porta al Borgo, Porta San Marco, Porta Carratica and Porta Lucchese.
All were destroyed at the beginning of the 20th century.
The Medici Fortress of Santa Barbara, built in the 16th century by the Florentines.
The ancient Pieve San Michele in Groppoli, in the neighbourhood of the city.
Famous people born in Pistoia
Cino da Pistoia
Ippolito Desideri
Pope Clement IX
Filippo Pacini
Sisters towns
, Pau, since 1975
Comune di Pistoia
Pistoia Tourist Consortium: lots of information and city map download
Virtual Tour of the City
Seleute was a municipality, in the new municipality of Clos du Doubs and district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Vendlincourt is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Bassecourt is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Bassecourt, Courfaivre, Glovelier, Soulce and Undervelier merged to form the new municipality of Haute-Sorne.
Boécourt is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Bourrignon is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Châtillon is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Trans fat is a type of unsaturated fat.
Trans fat is often produced in higher amounts in factories when manufacturing certain processed foods such as margarine.
Trans fat occurs in nature only very rarely, found in small amounts in meat and milk fat.
When vegetable oils are heated or when they are "hydrogenated", trans fats are made.
Hydrogenation is the process of bubbling hydrogen gas through the oil to change its consistency.
The bubbling raises the melting point of the oil.
As the hydrogen passes through, the oil begins to become solid.
By stopping the hydrogenation part of the way through, manufacturers obtain "partially hydrogenated oil".
This is similar to butter, but much cheaper to produce.
It is sold as "margarine", "oleo" or "vegetable shortening".
The process allows cheaply adding a butter-like consistency to food products.
Trans fat is bad for human health and has been linked to a number of problems including: coronary heart disease,  cancer, diabetes, obesity, liver dysfunction, and infertility.
Healthy oils are always liquid at the temperature of blood.
Saturated and trans fats are not.
There has yet to be a study which shows that trans fat is good for human health in any way.
Since scientists and nutritionists now know the health issues related to eating trans fats, trans fats are being used less but there are still some in commercial food products.
For some time, the US government's "Food and Drug Administration" allowed makers of food products to label their products as having "0 grams of trans fat per serving" as long as the amount of trans fat in the food product falls below 0.5 grams per serving.
Since partially hydrogenated oils are the major source of trans fat, reading the "ingredients" label is the safest way to ensure that a food does not contain any trans fat at all.
Fried foods will likely, but not necessarily, contain trans fat since fried foods are produced by using very hot oil.
2015–2018 phaseout in the United States
In 2013, the Food and Drug Administration began to gradually stop the use of trans fats in all foods.
It says there is no safe amount of trans fats that should be in food eaten by humans.
In June 2015, the FDA issued a final statement.
It says there is no agreement by scientists that artificial trans fatty acids are safe for any use in human food.
Trans fat must be taken out of all food production within three years (by June 2018).
The FDA says the ban will cost the food industry $6.2 billion over 20 years.
The food industry must use new formulas and recipes using ingredients without trans fat.
The benefits will be about $140 billion over 20 years.
This will be mostly from lower health care costs.
Food companies can issue requests to the FDA for permission to use partially hydrogenated oils.
The companies must prove the oils' use is safe.
Cluny is a city in eastern France.
It lies in the region of Burgundy.
The city grew around the Abbey of Cluny in the 10th century.
The town of Mâcon is about 30 km to the southeast.
Lyon is about 60 km to the south.
Today, about 4,400 people live in the city.
The Cluniac Reforms started here.
Communes in Saône-et-Loire
This account is written mostly with people in mind, but it applies more widely.
The integument means skin, hair, scales, nails, sweat glands and their products (sweat and mucus).
The name comes from the Latin integumentum, which means 'a covering'.
The integumentary system
Epidermis - This is the top layer of the skin and is made of dead cells.
The cells are shed all the time, but new ones are always being made, so people never lose any skin.
It has sweat pores.
Dermis - This is the second layer of skin.
It has touch receptors, and oil and sweat glands.
It makes skin stretchy.
Subcutaneous tissue (The subcutaneous tissue is not part of the skin, but it is in the integumentary system)
Sweat glands - make sweat to control temperature
Sebaceous glands - make oil
Ceruminous glands - make ear wax
Mammary glands - make milk and are only in women
The integumentary system has lots of different functions.
It:
Protects the body’s internal organs
Protects the body against bacteria
Protects the body from dehydration
Protects the body against sunburns
Stores water, fat, and vitamin D
Acne, when pimples form on the skin
Sunburn, when UV radiation from the sun burns your skin
Skin cancer, caused by getting too many sunburns.
Kardong, Kenneth V. 1998.
Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution.
IBSN 0-07-115356-X/0-697-28654-1
Aquatic Path  Details of the integumentary system of the fathead minnow
An article written for children
The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense for hearing.
The sense organ for hearing is the ear.
Structure of the ear
Outer ear
The outer ear is the folds of cartilage surrounding the ear canal.
They are called the pinna.
Middle ear
Sound waves travelling through the ear canal will hit the tympanum, or eardrum.
Three tiny bones, the ossicles, convert the waves to high pressure vibrations.
They are then converted to nerve impulses in the cochlea.
The inner ear is made mostly of the cochlea.
The cochlea is made up of three pieces, and is filled with liquid.
It transforms sound waves to electric signals in neurons.
The semicircular canals of the inner ear are used in equilibrioception, the sense of balance.
Promenade 'round the cochlea
Washington University Neuroscience Tutorial - Auditory system
The northbridge is one of two basic chips on the motherboard of a computer.
The other basic chip is the southbridge and together they create the computer chipset.
Usually, north- and southbridge are on different ICs; it is rare for both of them to be on one chip.
Northbridge supports communication between CPU, RAM memory, AGP port or PCI Express bus and also supports connection with southbridge.
There exist some chipsets which support two types of RAM memory and which are accessible during transition to new standard.
Northbridge is a basic part of motherboard which establishes speed, types of processors, quantity of processors and kind of RAM memory.
Other important factors are, for example, voltage regulation and number of connectors.
Sequencers of RAM memory was, in AMD64 architecture, shifted directly into processor.
Other producers (like Intel or IBM) also incorporated this change into their new processors.
A perspective to the future  is SOC (System On Chip).
With it will also decrease the number of components on the motherboard.
But bigger chips hold under universality of solution, they have more pins and they are more difficult.
Present high-speed buses are series (PCIe, SATA) and they decline the complexity.
In the future we can expect return to the standard interface of other circuits using bus (probably PCI express) and maybe they will be connected to the single Super I/O sequencer.
Saved lads can be used for another integrated turn like SATA, USB, IDE, SDIO scanner of cards and sequencers of PCI.
Mitlödi is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Mitlödi, Betschwanden, Braunwald, Elm, Engi, Haslen, Linthal, Luchsingen, Matt, Rüti, Schwanden, Schwändi and Sool merged into the new municipality of Glarus Süd.
Website of Mitlödi
Website of Mollis
Mühlehorn is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2011 the former municpalities of Mühlehorn, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Näfels, Niederurnen, Oberurnen and Obstalden merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord.
Official website of Mühlehorn
Netstal is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
Since 1 January 2011, Netstal is part of the municipality of Glarus.
Official website of Netstal
Niederurnen is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in the country of Switzerland.
On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Niederurnen, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Mühlehorn, Näfels, Oberurnen and Obstalden merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord.
Website of Niederurnen
Oberurnen is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Oberurnen, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Mühlehorn, Näfels, Niederurnen and Obstalden merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord.
Website of Oberurnen
Obstalden is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Obstalden, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Mühlehorn, Näfels, Niederurnen and Oberurnen merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord
Official website of Obstalden
Riedern is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
Since 1 January 2011, Riedern is part of the municipality of Glarus.
Official website of Riedern
Rüti was a municipality, in the new municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
Website of Rüti
Schwanden is a former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
The lake Garichtisee can be reached by cable car.
Official website of Schwanden
Garichtisee is a lake on Mettmenalp in the Canton of Glarus, Switzerland.
It is above the municipality of Schwanden.
The lake's area is .
Swissdams: Garichte
Appenzell Ausserrhoden is a canton of Switzerland.
Appenzell Ausserrhoden is in the northeast of Switzerland, next to the cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell Innerrhoden.
Settlement in Appenzell began in the 7th and the 8th century alongside the river Glatt.
In 907 Herisau is mentioned for the first time, the canton (Appenzell: abbatis cella) is named first in 1071.
In 1513 Appenzell joined the Swiss confederation as the 13th canton.
In 1597 the Protestant canton was divided for religious reasons from the former canton Appenzell, with the Catholic Appenzell Innerrhoden being the other half.
From the 16th century onwards linen production was established little by little.
Larger textile businesses established themselves, later diversifying into weaving and embroidery.
The textile industry collapsed between 1920 and 1939.
In 1834 for the first time a constitution was adapted, undergoing reforms in 1876 and 1908.
The construction of numerous railway lines between 1875 and 1913 helped the local industry and the population grew to a maximum of 57,973 people in 1910 (compared with 53,200 in 2001).
In 1934 Johannes Baumann was the first citizen from Appenzell Ausserrhoden to become a federal councilor.
Women's right to vote was introduced in 1972 on a local level, but only in 1989 on a canton-wide level.
In 1994 for the first time two women were elected into government.
The right of foreigners to vote is determined by each municipality.
Appenzell is a district of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland.
The district of Appenzell contains part of the town Appenzell, as well as Rinkenbach, Kau and Meistersrüte.
Appenzell Tourism
Districts of Appenzell Innerrhoden
Municipalities of Appenzell Innerrhoden
Courchapoix is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Information about Courchapoix in the Juranet
Courfaivre is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Courfaivre, Bassecourt, Glovelier, Soulce and Undervelier merged into the new municipality of Haute-Sorne.
Official Website of Courfaivre
The electric eel, Electrophorus electricus, is a species of fish.
It can weigh up to six pounds.
It can give electric shocks of up to six hundred fifty watts of electricity.
The animal uses these shocks both for hunting and to defend itself.
It lives in the stagnant muddy river bottoms of the Orinoco and the Amazon, and uses low-voltage electric fields to find its prey.
The electric eel is an apex predator in the parts of South America where it lives.
This means it usually has no enemies except other animals of its own species.
It can kill animals larger than itself.
Its electric organs evolved from muscles, and make up four fifths of its body.
Despite its name, the electric eel is not an eel.
It is a knifefish.
It is an obligatory air breather (must breath air).
This makes sense, because the muddy water is very low in oxygen, and it needs oxygen to power its electric organs.
Because they can shock, very few of these fish are kept as pets.
But if the eel repeatedly shocks, its electric organs become completely discharged.
Then a person can touch it without being shocked.
The Gymnotiformes is a lineage of electric fishes.
Common names include the Neotropical electric fishes, South American electric fishes, or American knifefishes.
They are primarily freshwater inhabitants.
They have organs adapted to the generation of electric fields.
Perhaps the best-known species is the electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) which uses powerful electric shocks (up to 600 V) for hunting and self-defense.
Other species familiar in the aquarium trade are: the black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons), the glass knifefish (Eigenmannia virescens), and the banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo.
An electric fish is a fish that can make electric fields.
Many fish (sharks, rays, and catfish) can detect electric fields: they are 'electroreceptive'.
They cannot make electric fields, and are not called electric fish.
Strongly and weakly electric fish
Electric fish have a special organ that makes electricity.
This organ is called an electric organ.
It is usually near the tail of the fish.
It is made from specialised muscle or nerve cells.
When the organ releases electricity this is called an electric organ discharge (or EOD for short).
Strongly electric fish: Their discharge is so strong they can stun (and capture) prey with it.
Examples of such fish are the electric eel (which is a knifefish, not a true eel), electric catfishes, or electric rays
Weakly electric fish: Their discharge is not strong enough to stun prey with it; rather, they use the electricity to locate objects, to navigate, or to communicate with other electric fish.
Examples of weakly electric fish are Peters' elephantnose fish or the black ghost knifefish.
In total, there are 348 known species of electric fish, in about 56 genera.
The only known species that lives in salt water are the electric rays, with 23 species.
The duck-billed platypus also detects movement by an electric field.
Sergeant is a rank used in  most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world.
The word comes from the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.
A sergeant (Sgt) in the British Army wears three point-down chevrons, or "checks" on their sleeve.
They usually serves as a platoon, troop, or group sergeant, or in a specialist position.
A Lance-Sergeant (LSgt) was originally a Corporal doing the work of a Sergeant.
The job is now used mostly in the Guards, where it is given to all Corporals.
A Lance-Sergeant in the Guards and Honourable Artillery Company wears three chevrons, and is considered senior or higher up to "normal" Corporals.
For most purposes, he still remains a Corporal rather than an acting Sergeant (e.g., he will typically command a section).
In the Household Cavalry, the same rank is Lance-Corporal of Horse.
Kourken Megerdich Yanigian (, December 24, 1895, Erzurum, Ottoman Armenia - March 27, 1984, USA) was an Armenian terrorist who killed two Turkish consular officials in California in 1973.
His stated purpose was "to demand justice" for the Armenian Genocide.
Armenians hoped Yanigian's trial would provide a vehicle for proving the massacres in a court of law, while there were still surviving witnesses.
Yanigian took the Armenian Genocide witness stand, accompanied by his friend and interpreter, Santa Barbaran Aram Saroyan, the uncle of famous author William Saroyan.
Yanigian told of his 26 family members killed in the massacres, and how he watched in hiding as marauding Turks slit his brother's throat.
Finally, he said that he killed the Turkish
be proven.
Not because Yanigian should have gone free, but because
The Triumph of Judas Iscariot, Los Angeles: Research Publ.
Co., 1950, 254 p.
The Resurrected Christ: A Novel, New York: Exposition, 1955, 141 p.
Harem Cross: A Novel of the Near-East, 1953
The Voice of an American, 1960
Mirror in the Darkness, 1966
in Armenian
Purpose and Justice (memoires from the prison), Yerevan, Tigran Mets Publ.,
People v Yanikian
Historische Romane – XY, Books by Gourgen Yanikian
GUIDE TO SANTA BARBARA AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS: Yanikian, Gourgen (1895-1984)
Yanikian and his memoires
On 25 January 2005, the people in charge announced that Campo Blenio would merge with Aquila, Ghirone, Olivone and Torre to form a new municipality to be called Blenio.
This union was carried through on 22 October 2006.
Cantonal Portal
Campo is a municipality of the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Schwändi was a municipality, in the new municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
Website of Schwändi
Sool was a municipality, in the new municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
Website of Sool
Hirohito (1901–1989), the 124th Emperor of Japan, known posthumously as Emperor Shōwa
Shōwa (Kamakura period), a Japanese era name (1312-1317)
Shōwa period, a Japanese era name (1926-1989)
Jōwa (Heian period), a Japanese era name (834-848) also romanized as Shōwa
In information technologies we use the term DDR2 SDRAM for a Double Data Rate memory module of the second generation.
This technology is used for high speed storage of the working data.
The main difference between DDR and DDR2 modules is that the bus on which the DDR2 memory modules are working is clocked at twice the speed of the memory cells.
In practical terms we can say that four words of data can be transferred during one memory cell cycle.
To sum it up DDR2 can effectively operate at twice the bus speed of DDR.
Specification standards
Chips and modules
For use in PCs, DDR2 SDRAM is supplied in DIMMs with 240 pins and a single locating notch.
DIMMs are identified by their peak transfer capacity (often called bandwidth).
Southbridge is also known as Input/Output Controller Hub.
The microchip realizes lower functions of the motherboard in computer architecture with northbridge and southbridge.
It's easy to distinguish southbridge and northbridge: the southbridge is not directly connected to the processor.
Northbridge realizes connection between southbridge and processor.
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED).
The part of the OLED that creates light is made of a very thin layer of organic compounds.
The main use of OLED technology is for flat panel displays for smartphones and other mobile devices where they are in some ways better than LCDs.
OLEDs can be used to make displays that can bend.
These can be used in many different ways.
For example, they can be used in clothing.
OLED provides high contrast of screen.
It is characterized by low energy consumption (due to the absence of additional illumination).
LCDs are in some ways better than OLEDs and some ways worse.
OLEDs can make more colors and levels of brightness than LEDs.
Unlike LCDs their colors do not change when viewed at an angle.
They are also much cheaper to make.
OLEDs make light, so they do not need a light shining through from the back as LCDs do.
This also makes black parts of the screen able to be fully turned "off" making them darker.
LCDs also need to use filters to work properly.
These filters block much of the light created by the LED/CCFL.
Because of backlighting and filtering, OLEDs use far less power than LCDs for the amount of light made.
OLEDs also react faster to changes in electricity.
They turn on and off much faster than LCDs.
LEDs will last longer than OLEDs.
This is the biggest problem with OLEDs.
Currently most OLEDs used in displays will work for about 5,000 hours of use.
LEDs normally work for 60,000 hours.
This may change as experiments in 2007 created a type of OLED that worked for 198,000 hours.
The organic compounds that make up OLEDs are also more easily damaged by water.
OLED technology is currently patented by the Eastman Kodak company and several other companies.
Because of this, a company must pay to be allowed to use it in their product.
Substrate: the material the layers of the OLED are put on
Emissive layer: the layer where light is made
Conductive layer
The emissive and conductive layers are made of special organic molecules that conduct electricity.
The anode and cathode connect the OLED to the source of electricity.
When electricity is applied to an OLED, the emissive layer becomes negatively charged and the conductive layer becomes positively charged.
Electrostatic forces cause electrons to move from the positive conductive layer toward the negative emissive layer.
This causes a change in the electrical levels and makes radiation that has a frequency in the range of visible light.
OLED, as with all diodes, can only work if electricity flows through them in the correct direction.
The Anode, connected to the emmisive layer must be at a higher electrical potential (more volts, more positive) than the cathode, connected to the conductive layer, for the OLED to work.
Karl Arnold (born 21 March 1901 in Herrlishöfen, died 29 June 1958 in Düsseldorf) was a German politician.
He was Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1947 to 1956.
Life and profession
After 1920 Arnold worked full-time basis for the Christian trade union movement.
He became Secretary of the Düsseldorf District of the Christian trade union in 1924.
In 1928 Arnold married Arnold Liesl Joeres.
Their son Gottfried was born in 1933 and was a member of the German Bundestag between 1961 and 1983.
Arnold was partner in a business in Düsseldorf in 1933.
During the Third Reich the Gestapo watched and followed him.
He was arrested after Count von Stauffenberg tried to assassinate (murder) Hitler on 20 July 1944.
He got permission from the American Army to publish the Rheinische Post (Rhenish Post) daily newspaper.
His family still own part of the paper today.
After the World War II Arnold founded the of Düsseldorf Christian democratic party in 1945.
Later this became a part of CDU.
Arnold was the CDU's deputy federal chairman from 1956 until his death.
Public offices
He was a member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1946 until his death.
Between 1947 and 1949 he was also a member of the parliament of the Bizone (which was the British and American occupation zones).
In 1957 Arnold was elected to the Bundestag with 72.6% of the votes in the Gelsenkirchen-Erkelenz Jülich constituency .
He was deputy chairman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group.
On 29 January 1946 Arnold was appointed mayor of Düsseldorf by the American Military Government.
He was elected mayor in the first free elections on 26 October 1946.
Arnold lost a constructive vote of 'no confidence' on 20 February 1956.
His successor (person who followed) as Minister President was Fritz Steinhoff.
Arnold died one week before the next state elections, in 1958.
He was only 57 years old.
Courrendlin is a municipality in Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin.
It is three kilometers southeast of the city of Delémont.
It is the third largest municipality in the canton of Jura by area.
279 Thule is a very big Main belt asteroid.
It is classified as a D-type asteroid and is probably made of organic rich silicates, carbon and anhydrous silicates.
The orbit of Thule is unusual.
It appears to orbit in the farthest edge of the Main belt in a 3:4 orbital resonance with planet Jupiter.
Unlike the Hilda asteroids whose eccentricity is fairly common of main belt asteroids, Thule has a very low eccentricity - actually much lower than that of Jupiter itself and only a bit higher than that of Earth.
Why it has this orbit is not clear, as is the reason for the absence of smaller bodies in similar 4:3 resonances with Jupiter.
Some astronomers have argued that Thule's present orbit is the natural result of the force of Jupiter on a body orbiting at exactly the distance from the Sun Thule does, in the same way (though with the reverse effect) as the Kirkwood gaps in the more closer parts of the asteroid belt.
It could thus be that the resonance which holds Thule in a very low-eccentricity orbit serves to eject other smaller bodies whose distance from the Sun is only a bit different from that of Thule itself.
279 Thule on NASA/JPL Small-Body Database
A caucus is basically a meeting of supporters or members of a political party or movement.
Caucuses are slightly different in different countries.
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (; born ) is an American politician and the 46th and current president of the United States since 2021.
Biden was also the 47th vice president from 2009 through 2017 during the Barack Obama presidency.
He is a member of the Democratic Party and is from Wilmington, Delaware.
Before becoming vice president, Biden was a U.S. Senator from Delaware from 1973 to 2009.
He had served in the Senate longer than any other President or Vice President.
He tried to become the Democratic candidate for president in 1988 and 2008 but did not win.
During the 2008 election, then-Senator Barack Obama picked him to be his running mate.
Biden has received several awards.
He has five honorary doctorates, including one from his alma mater and one from where he has taught law.
He has also earned the "Best of Congress Award", an award from the Pakistani government, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom with distinction.
After finishing his second term as vice president, Biden began working at the University of Pennsylvania.
On April 25, 2019, Biden launched his presidential campaign for the 2020 election.
On April 8, 2020, Biden became the presumptive nominee for the Democratic nomination after Bernie Sanders ended his campaign.
On November 7, he defeated former President Donald Trump and became the president-elect of the United States.
He became president on January 20, 2021, after he became inaugurated.
He is the oldest person to become president and the first from Delaware.
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. was born on November 20, 1942 at St. Mary's Keller Memorial Hospital in Scranton, Pennsylvania to a family of Irish Catholics.
His father, Joe Sr.,
was a businessman.
When he was young, his family moved to Wilmington, Delaware.
He also began to stutter at an early age.
In high school, Biden played football and baseball, but he was not a very good student.
Biden attended college at the University of Delaware and Syracuse University.
He did not have to fight in the Vietnam War because he was going to college and had asthma as a child.
In the Senate
For many years, Biden was a U.S. Senator from Delaware.
Biden was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1972 when he was 29 years old.
His election was somewhat of a surprise.
The other candidate, J. Caleb Boggs, had more experience and more money to spend on his campaign.
He is one of the youngest people to become a U.S. Senator, because he was only two months older than the minimum age, 30, required to be one. (
While he was 29 during the election, he turned 30 before he became a senator.)
Biden was re-elected to the Senate six times.
He became a prominent defender of Israel as a senator, and said that if there was no country like Israel the U.S. would have to make one.
Later in his time in the Senate, Biden served as chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the Senate Judiciary Committee.
The Foreign Relations committee deals with American issues in other countries.
When Biden was chair, the committee dealt with the 1991 Gulf War, the 2003 War in Iraq, and several treaties.
The Judiciary Committee dealt with the choice of Clarence Thomas, Robert Bork, and others for the Supreme Court (SCOTUS).
Biden thought that Thomas and Bork should not be on the Court.
Though U.S. senators work in Washington, DC, Biden took the train home to Delaware every night.
Running for President and Vice President
Biden ran for president three times, in 1988, 2008 and 2020.
The first time he was viewed as a good choice early on, but quit after it was discovered he gave a speech that was copied from Neil Kinnock, a British politician.
Biden tried again to get the Democratic Party's nomination in the 2008 presidential election.
He ran mostly on foreign issues, especially getting U.S. troops out of Iraq.
Many thought of him as a good choice for Secretary of State.
He stopped his campaign on January 3, 2008 after he did not get many votes in the Iowa caucus.
However, he later became Barack Obama's pick for vice president due to what he knew about Iraq and because the working class liked him.
When Biden was running for president, he criticized Obama, talking about his lack of experience, but later he supported Obama to become president.
His opponent as vice president was Sarah Palin, who had less experience but was seen as more interesting by the media.
Before the election, there were debates between the different candidates running for president or vice president.
In the debate between Biden and Palin, many people believed that he knew more about running America than Palin did.
When Obama was elected president on November 4, 2008, Biden was elected vice president.
As Vice President
Biden became vice president on January 20, 2009, and is the first person from Delaware and first Roman Catholic to be vice president.
When Biden became vice president, he said he would do things differently from Dick Cheney, who had been vice president before him.
Biden has said that his vice-presidency will not be like any other.
Biden's main role was as an advisor to Obama, mostly on issues of foreign policy and the economy.
Obama has asked for Biden's input on most of his major decisions, such as who to put in his Cabinet and how to fight the War in Afghanistan.
Obama has put him in charge of groups to deal with the problems of the working class, as well as to watch the money in his stimulus bill.
Biden had also traveled to the Middle East several times on behalf of Obama and the U.S. while Vice President.
In 2011, Biden led talks on the budget and the debt.
On November 6, 2012, Biden was re-elected for a second term as vice president along with President Barack Obama.
In August 2015, Biden said that he was looking for a possible chance of running for president again in the 2016 U.S. election.
Biden formed a PAC for his possible run.
On October 21, speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and President Obama by his side, Biden announced his decision not to enter the race for the Democratic nomination for the presidency for the 2016 election.
Biden never had to brake a tie vote in the United States Senate, making him the longest-serving vice president to do this.
2020 presidential election
During a tour of the U.S. Senate with reporters before leaving office on December 5, 2016, Biden said that a presidential bid was possible in the 2020 presidential election, after leaving office as vice president.
While on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert on December 7, he stated "never say never" about running for president in 2020, while also admitting he did not see a scenario in which he would run for office again.
On January 13, 2017, exactly one week before Donald Trump took office.
he said he would not run.
However, four days later, on January 17, he took the statement back, saying "I'll run if I can walk."
Biden was mentioned by many news outlets as a potential candidate for the 2020 Democratic nomination.
In March 2019, he said he may run.
In April 2020, Biden became the only candidate in the primary making him the presumptive nominee for the nomination.
At first, he lost the first three primary contests to Senator Bernie Sanders.
After winning the South Carolina primary, he gained traction and won most of the Super Tuesday races.
Biden promised when elected he would protect Roe v. Wade decision, create a public option for health insurance, decriminalization of recreational cannabis, pass the Equality Act, create free community college, and a $1.7 trillion climate plan supporting the Green New Deal.