the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
1911 Encyclopedia Britannica Article
Canon Law Wiki: Notes, commentary, discussion and bibliography.
"Canons of the Church of England"
"Canon Law in the Anglican Communion"
Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich (born Baku 27 March 1927; died Moscow, 27 April 2007) was a Russian cellist and conductor.
Many musicians say that he was the greatest cellist who ever lived.
He played the cello with an amazing technique and musicianship, and asked lots of composers to write cello music for him.
He got into trouble with the political leaders of the Soviet Union because he said that people should be free to say their own ideas and opinions.
In 1974 he was exiled from his country and continued his career as cellist and conductor in the west.
He worked hard to support peace and justice in the world.
In November 1989, when the Berlin Wall came down, he took his cello there and sat outside by the ruins of the wall and played.
He was allowed back to his own country after the collapse of communism.
He received lots of medals and honours.
Life in the Soviet Union
Mstislav Rostropovich was born in Baku in Azerbaijan which was then part of the Soviet Union.
His family were very musical.
His mother played the piano and his father played the cello.
He had studied with Pablo Casals.
During the Second World War the family moved to Orenburg.
He went to the Children’s Music School there and started playing in concerts.
In 1943 he went to the Moscow Conservatory to study the cello and composition.
His composition teacher was Dmitri Shostakovich.
They were lifelong friends and Shostakovich wrote a lot of cello music for him.
Rostropovich won all the best prizes at the Conservatory and was soon very famous.
Lots of Russian composers wrote music for him: Reinhold Glière, Aram Khachaturian, Nikolai Myaskovsky, Dimitri Shostakovich and Sergei Prokofiev.
In 1955 he married Galina Vishnevskaya who was a famous soprano in the Bolshoi Opera.
Rostropovich was a brilliant pianist and accompanied his wife when she sang recitals.
When he was 29 he became a Professor of Cello at the Moscow Conservatory.
Shortly after that he played for the first time in England, performing the Cello Concerto by Dvořák at the Royal Festival Hall.
A month later he played at the Carnegie Hall in New York.
People had not yet heard of him and the hall was nearly empty.
However, the next time he played there the hall was sold out in a few hours.
In 1960 he gave the first British performance of Shostakovich’s Cello Concerto no1.
He met Benjamin Britten and they became great friends in spite of the fact that they could not speak one another’s language.
Britten wrote cello music for him, including the Cello Symphony and a Sonata for Cello and Piano.
He performed a lot at the Aldeburgh Festival where Britten lived.
He started conducting in 1968.
He conducted Tchaikovsky’s opera Eugene Onegin with his wife singing the main part of Tatyana.
Some people thought his conducting was too full of emotion.
In 1970 he got into trouble with the Soviet politicians because he wrote a letter to the papers saying that the writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn was being unfairly treated.
Solzhenitsyn had written about the injustices in the Soviet Union and about life in the labour camps.
Solzhenitsyn was not allowed to write any more.
Rostropovich let Solzhenitsyn live in his home.
The Soviet politicians were angry, so Rostropovich and his wife left the Soviet Union and lived in London, Paris and New York.
The Soviet politicians said that they were no longer Soviet citizens.
In Switzerland they were allowed to have Swiss passports.
Rostropovich became conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra of Washington, DC.
He often conducted the London Philharmonic Orchestra and lots of other famous orchestras.
He was a great teacher who inspired lots of young cello students.
He made a very large number of recordings.
Return to Russia
After the Soviet Union collapsed Gorbachov allowed them to return to Russia.
They had homes in Moscow and St Petersburg where they started a foundation for children who were ill.
Rostropovich became ill with cancer and died in Moscow on 27 April 2007.
Russian conductors
Azerbaijani musicians
People from Baku
New Super Mario Bros. is a 2006 platformer video game made and sold by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console.
It is the first Mario platform game in 2D on a handheld console since Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins in 1992.
It was first sold in stores in North America on May 15, 2006, and was later sold in stores in Japan on May 25, 2006, in Australia on June 8, 2006, and in Europe on June 30, 2006.
It is the first game in the New Super Mario Bros. series.
A follow-up, New Super Mario Bros. Wii for Nintendo Wii, was released in November and December 2009 and a sequel to this game and follow-up to the Wii version, New Super Mario Bros. 2 was released on the Nintendo 3DS in August 2012.
Mario and Princess Peach are out for a walk when Bowser Jr. kidnaps Peach.
Mario must go through eight worlds to save her from Bowser, and the new antagonist Bowser Jr.
The game uses many old features from the older Mario games.
The countdown game clock is back; if Mario does not reach the castle at the end, he will lose a life.
Mario also must jump and catch onto a flagpole at the end of the level and goes into a castle, just like he did in Super Mario Bros. Before and after a level, Mario is on a world map, which was last used in Super Mario World.
Mario also has new powers from the 3D games (Super Mario 64 and Sunshine).
He can do a ground-pound and can do a triple jump in the air.
Both of these things first started in the 3D games.
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Vishnevskaya was born in Leningrad, the town which is now called St Petersburg.
In 1952 she won an important  competition singing a song by Rachmaninoff and an aria by Verdi.
She soon became a member of the famous Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.
In 1960 she sang the part of in Aïda at the National Theatre in Sarajevo.
In 1961, she made her first appearance at the Metropolitan Opera as Aïda and the next year she sang in the Royal Opera House in the same role.
In 1964 she sang Aïda at La Scala.
Vishnevskaya was married to the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich from 1955 until his death in 2007.
Her husband, as well as being a great cellist and conductor, was also an excellent pianist and he accompanied her for her recitals.
They were very close friends of Shostakovich and Benjamin Britten and performed a lot of their works.
She made many recordings including the main part in Shostakovich's opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District and in Britten's War Requiem.
She had not been allowed to take part in the first performance of the War Requiem because the Soviet politicians would not let her sing together with the baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau because he was German.
In 1974, they left the Soviet Union because they had criticized the Soviet government.
They settled in the United States and Paris.
In 1982 she retired from singing in opera.
Her last role was in Paris where she sang Tatyana in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin.
After the collapse of communism and the Soviet Union she and her husband were allowed to return from exile and live in Russia again.
In 2002 she opened her own opera theater in Moscow:  The Galina Vishnevskaya Opera Center.
The Vishnevskaya-Rostropovich Foundation homepage
Russian opera singers
Russian singers
The voting system is a set of rules about the way people vote and how the votes are counted.
Different countries have different voting systems.
There are many different types of voting system.
One of the first voting systems to be used is called "first-past-the-post".
Under this system each voter writes an "x" next to their chosen candidate.
At the end, the votes are counted.
The candidate with the most votes wins.
Some people think that first-past-the-post is unfair because they believe that many votes are wasted.
List of voting Systems
Additional member system
Plurality voting
Single Transferable Vote
Supplementary vote
Single transferable vote (STV for short) is a type of voting system that gives proportional representation.
It is used to elect more than one person (though it becomes Instant Runoff Voting in one-winner elections), and voters rank the candidates when voting.
How to vote in an STV election
How votes are counted
Each candidate needs a certain number of votes to be elected.
This number depends on how many people are voting and on how many people are to be elected.
Then the number "1" votes for each candidate are counted.
But it can happen that one candidate or several candidates have more than the needed number of votes.
These candidates are elected.
But since they have more votes than they needed, they pass on the votes which they do not need to other candidates.
Which candidate or candidates get those "surplus" votes depends on the voters' number of "2" votes given on the ballots papers of the candidates that have already been elected.
If those number "2" votes make another candidate win and give them too many votes, this new "surplus" is passed on again, using number "3" votes, and so on.
If not enough candidates have been elected so far, the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded.
Votes for this candidate are passed on to the candidate given as the next preference of each of his voters (the next higher number in each listing of candidates).
This may help to elect another candidate.
If not, the next candidate which now has the fewest votes is excluded.
Places that use STV
STV Action  a website that says STV should be used for all elections
VoteScotland.com a website about elections in Scotland
An Individual Savings Account is called an ISA.
It is a special type of bank account in United Kingdom.
It was started on 6 April 1999.
Before that, Personal Equity Plans (PEPs) and Tax-Exempt Special Savings Accounts (TESSAs) were used.
You can put £3600 or less in an ISA every year.
It is special because you do not pay any tax on the  interest you get.
Bound for Glory is a Neo-Nazi thrash metal/Rock Against Communism band from Minnesota, USA.
The band was formed in 1989.
They are one of the best known and oldest bands of their genre in the United States.
In October 2016, Bound for Glory planned to play a concert in Falkirk, Scotland.
A public outcry by the Scottish people, including anti-racist groups like Hope Not Hate, caused the event to be cancelled.
1990: Warriors Glory
1992: When the Hammer Falls
1993: Over the Top
1994: Bound for Attack (with Brutal Attack)
1994: The Fight Goes On
1996: Behold the Iron Cross
1996: Never Again!
1997: Glory Awaits
1999: Hate Train Rolling
1999: Last Act of Defiance
2002: Beer Bottles and Hockey Sticks (split album with Mistreat)
2011: Feed the Machine
2014: Death And Defiance
2017: Ironborn
Singles & EPs
1990: 100%
1990: Payback
1991: Assassination
2002: Russian Winter
2014: Stuka Pilot
Live-Alben
1998: Requiem
2004: Rolling Through Europe
2004: Us against the world (Live in Deutschland)
2005: Live and Loud
Discography On Thiazi
Musical groups from Minnesota
Neo-Nazism means the ideology of some political groups who want to return to the beliefs and practices of Nazism after the end of World War II.
Different groups have their own sets of beliefs and practices.
Neo-Nazis believe in loyalty to Adolf Hitler, hating Jews (anti-Semitism), racism, belief in a Germanic master race, xenophobia (hating and fearing people from different countries), extremist nationalism, supremacy, militarism, and hatred of homosexuals (homophobia).
Neo-Nazis often use the symbols of Nazi Germany such as the swastika.
Neo-Nazism has been linked to far-right political parties in England such as the National Front and the British Nationalist Party as well as being linked to the skinhead sub-culture.
Anything related to Bengal, a region in south Asia
The Israel West Bank barrier is a wall built by the State of Israel to separate Palestinian territories from Israel.
It is built mostly of fences and in some places it is built of high concrete walls.
It is 708 kilometers (439 miles) long.
The barrier was built in the Second Intifada that began in September 2000.
It is when the Israeli government argued that it necessary to stop the violence and suicide bombing attacks coming from the West Bank.
There are many arguments about the barrier.
People who want the barrier say it is needed to protect Israeli civilians from Palestinian terrorism.
Since the barrier was built, the number of attacks has gone down, especially in areas where the barrier has been fully completed.
Israel says that it is necessary for the country's security.
People who are against the barrier say that it is against international law because Israel and the Palestinians have not agreed where the border between them should be and have not reached a consensus.
While the Palestinian Authority is in charge for water sources, the economic system, etc.
in the West Bank, Palestinians who travel to Israel for medical, educational or work purposes have said that the barrier has negative effects on daily life and gives them less freedom (due to checkpoints).
Q&A: What is the West Bank barrier?
on the BBC website
The Security Barrier on the ADL website
Buildings and structures in Israel
Buildings and structures in Palestine
Joey Maxim (born Giuseppe Antonio Berardinelli March 28, 1922 - June 2, 2001) was an American boxer.
He was the light heavyweight boxing champion of the world from 1951 to 1952.
Archie Moore beat him by decision over 15 rounds for the light heavyweight championship in 1952.
During Maxim's time as champion, he beat Sugar Ray Robinson in a title defense.
He also tried to win the heavyweight championship during this time, but Ezzard Charles beat him by a unanimous decision.
Boxing record of Joey Maxim
Sportspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
The Armed Islamic Group (GIA, from French Groupe Islamique Armé; Arabic الجماعة الإسلامية المسلّحة‎,  al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyah al-Musallaha) was an Islamist terrorist organization based in Algeria.
It wanted to overthrow the Algerian government and replace it with an Islamic state.
The GIA adopted violent tactics in 1992 after the military government did not recognise the victory of the Islamic Salvation Front in the first round of elections held in December 1991.
The Islamic Salvation Front was the largest Islamic opposition party at the time.
Between 1992 and 1998 the GIA led a violent campaign.
They killed many civilians.
Sometimes they wiped out entire villages in its area of operation (see List of Algerian massacres of the 1990s; notably the Bentalha massacre and Rais massacre, among others).
After announcing its campaign against foreigners living in Algeria in 1993, the GIA killed more than 100 expatriate men and women in the country.
The group used assassinations and bombings, including car bombs.
It is known to have favored kidnapping victims and slitting their throats.
The GIA was considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Algeria, France and the United States.
Outside of Algeria, the GIA established a presence in France, Belgium, the UK, Italy and the United States.
History of Algeria
Takfir wal-Hijra ( - Excommunication and Exodus) is a violent radical Islamist extremist group.
The group that was founded in Egypt in the 1960s.
Today Takfir wal-Hijra has members or supporters in several other countries, allied to Al-Qaeda.
In Spain the group is also known as Martyrs for Morocco.
Members of the group are radical Islamists.
It looks like the members of the group are not bound by the usual Islamic religious constraints.
They adopt non-Islamic appearances.
They might  shave their beard or wear a tie.
They do this to be hard to detect in crowds.
Sometimes, even other Muslims have problems detecting them.
They can drink alcohol and even eat pork to deceive their enemies.
They believe that any means justify the end and, that killing other Muslims can be justified in their cause and that Western society is heathen and it is their duty to destroy it.
Little is known about the current organization or hierarchy of the group.
Several groups which adhere to the same ideology have possibly used the name independently of each other.
1960s establishments
Religion in Egypt
In Egyptian mythology, Ma'at, pronounced as 'Muh-aht', is goddess of law, morality, and justice.
Ma'at was supposed the stars, seasons, and the actions of both people and gods.
Her first role in Egyptian mythology was the weighing of words that took place in the underworld, Duat.
Ma’at's purpose was to keep truth, balance, order, harmony, righteousness, morality, and justice.
Ma’at weighed the heart of the deceased against her feather of truth on a scale during the journey to the afterlife.
She placed the dead man's heart on the other side while her husband Thoth wrote down the results of the scale to see if that person was good or bad and if they would have a happy afterlife or be eaten by the devourer.
Without Ma’at, the universe would become chaos once again.
If the dead person’s heart was heavier than the feather, then it had done evil deeds like lying when it was alive.
When that happened, the heart was devoured by a monster and was not able to go to the afterlife.
If it was lighter than the feather, then it was allowed to go onto the afterlife.
Physical Description
Ma’at had dark skin and hair.
She was usually shown wearing a white linen dress.
She, like Isis, was a winged goddess and she wore lots of armbands and necklaces made from gold and jewels.
Her feather of truth was strapped to her head.
Like the other gods and goddesses, she wore the black eye makeup around her eyes and on her eyebrows which is known as "kohl", which showed her high ranking status.
The chief judge in charge of the Egyptian law courts was known as “The priest of Ma’at.”
He began court hearings wearing the feather of Ma’at.
The person that won his case got to have the feather of Ma’at.
The guilty party had violated Ma’at, and it was assumed that he or she would suffer failure, poverty, sickness, blindness and deafness, with the final judgment waiting in the court of the dead.
Tomb robbery was considered one of the most heinous crimes, and might involve 100 strokes of a cane, five bleeding cuts added or brands as a sign of permanent dishonor.
Often, the entire family of the guilty suffered as well.
For example; when individuals were sentenced into exile, their children were automatically outlawed with them.
Ma’at represented truth, order, balance and justice in the universe.
This concept said that everyone, not including slaves, should be viewed as equals under the law.
The king made sure that was carried out, and he/she would decide the case and the proper justice, maybe asking his viziers who often acted as judges.
Even the lowliest fisherman was allowed to bring a legal case to the viziers.
Power and Magic
All goddesses including Ma'at had power over the Egyptians, and different powers over the other gods.
One of the powers Ma'at gave the gods was the ability to breath air.
Like the water of life, Ma'at's potion brought an afterlife after death to the peaceful and law-abiding people, but death to violent and cruel people.
Ma'at was very powerful, but she still had limits to her powers.
She could not make the sun travel through the sky like Ra could, she could not control the netherworld like Osiris could, and she could not make the stars shine like Nut could but she still had her own unique powers like her potion.
The Pharaohs prime task in governing was to uphold Ma’at and they often held seated images of Ma’at in their hand to the gods, which indicated that the Pharaoh represented the divine order.
The words “I have done Ma’at", were spoken by several Pharaohs and several others called themselves, “Beloved of Ma’at.”
Even the gods were sometimes shown praising Ma’at.
People were interested in how they could please her but they also were afraid of her.
It was said that a small image of Ma’at was more pleasing to the gods than piles of rich offerings.
It was also said that a little truth was more welcome than huge bribes.
There was only one temple for Ma'at in Karnak but she was still worshiped in all Egyptian temples.
In every Egyptian temple one area was called the hall of two truths or the hall of Ma'at.
In the hall of two truths Ma'at weighed a man's heart against the feather of truth to see if the man would have an afterlife or his heart would be eaten by, the devourer.
Ma'at as a principle
Declarations to Rekhti-merti-f-ent-Ma'at
Verily I have come to thee, I have brought to thee Ma'at.
I have not done iniquity to mankind.
Not have I done harm unto animals.
Not have I done wickedness in the place of Ma'at.
Not have I known evil.
Not have I acted wickedly.
Not have I done each day and every works above what I should do.
Not hath come forth my name to the boat of the Prince.
Not have I despised God.
Not have I caused misery.
Not have I caused affliction.
Not have I done what is abominable to God.
Not have I caused harm to be done to the servant by his chief.
Not have I caused pain.
Not have I made to weep.
Not have I killed.
Not have I made the order for killing for me.
Not have I done harm to mankind.
Not have I taken aught of the oblations in the temples.
Not have I purloined the cakes of the gods.
Not have I carried off the offerings of the blessed dead.
Not have I fornicated.
Not have I defiled myself.
Not have I added to, not have I diminished the offerings.
Not have I stolen from the orchard.
Not have I trampled down the fields.
I have not added to the weight of the balance.
Not have I diminished from the weight of the balance.
Not have I carried off the milk from the mouth of the babe.
Not have I driven away the cattle which were upon their pastures.
Not have I captured the birds of the preserves of the gods.
Not have I taken the fishes [with bait] of their own bodies.
Not have I turned back water at its season.
Not have I cut a cutting in water running.
Not have I extinguished a flame at its hour.
Not have I violated the times for the chosen offerings.
Not have I driven back the cattle of divine things.
I have not repulsed God in his manifestations.
I, even I, am pure.
Times four.
42 Negative Confessions
Not have I done wrong.
Not have I despoiled.
Not have I robbed.
Not have I slain men: twice.
Not have I defrauded the offerings.
Not have I diminished [oblations].
Not have I despoiled the things of the god.
Not have I spoken lies.
Not have I carried off food.
Not have I afflicted [any]
Not have I committed fornication.
Not have I eaten my heart.
Not have I transgressed.
Not have I acted deceitfully.
Not have I desolated ploughed lands.
Not have I been an eavesdropper.
Not have I set my mouth in motion [against any man].
Not have I raged except with a cause.
Not have I defiled the wife of a man.
Not have I defiled the husband of a woman.
Not have I polluted myself.
Not have I caused terror.
Not have I committed offense
Not have I inflamed myself with rage.
Not have I made deaf myself to the words of right and truth.
Not have I caused grief.
Not have I acted insolently.
Not have I stirred up strife.
Not have I judged hastily.
Not have I multiplied my words upon words.
Not have I harmed, not have I done evil.
Not have I made curses of the king.
Not have I fouled water.
Not have I made haughty my voice.
Not have I have I cursed God.
Not have I committed theft.
Not have I defrauded the offerings of the gods.
Not have I carried away offerings from the beatified ones.
Not have I carried off the food of the infant, not have I sinned against the god of the town.
Not have I slaughtered the cattle divine.
Budge, E. A. Wallis.
The Egyptian Book of the Dead: (The Papyrus of Ani) Egyptian Text Transliteration and Translation.
New York: Dover Publications, 1967.
Originally published in 1895.
The Gods of the Egyptians: Studies in Egyptian Mythology - Volume 1.
New York: Dover Publications, 1969.
Originally published in 1904.
Collier, Mark and Manly, Bill.
How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Revised Edition.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
Faulkner, Raymond.
The Egyptian Book of the Dead.
San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994.
Mancini, Anna.
Ma'at Revealed: Philosophy of Justice in Ancient Egypt.
New York: Buenos Books America, 2004.
Strudwick, Helen.
The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt.
Singapore: De Agostini UK, 2006.
Principles of Ma'at (negative confessions)
Egypt: Law and the Legal System in Ancient Egypt by Mark Andrews
A list of the 42 Principles of Ma'at
A series of discussions on the meanings of the 42
http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/Maat.htm
http://www.philae.nulakhet/akhet/netjerum.htm#maat.htm
http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/maat.htm
http://www.aelives.com/gods.htm
http://www.philae.nulakhet/religiond2.htm
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestones/law/.htm
According to the Bible, the Sermon on the Mount was a speech that Jesus of Nazareth gave to his followers and a large group of people around AD 30.
Jesus gave the speech on the side of a mountain.
The most popular part of the speech is the Beatitudes, which are at the beginning.
The Sermon also contains the Lord's Prayer.
Other popular lines from the Sermon on the Mount are "turn the other cheek," "salt of the Earth," "light of the world," and "judge not, that ye be not judged."
Many Christians believe the Sermon on the Mount is related to the Ten Commandments.
They believe that both are very important in explaining how Christians should act towards others.
In choosing the mountain as the setting for this sermon, Jesus may have meant to show how His teachings were similar to those of Moses who brought the Ten Commandments down from Mount Sinai.
Beliefs about the Sermon's meaning
One of the most important debates over the sermon is how it should be applied to everyday life.
Almost all Christian groups have created their own ways to understand and use the Sermon in their lives.
In a book called Understanding the Sermon on the Mount, Harvey McArthur lists twelve different views about the Sermon.
(1) The absolutist view
The absolutist view says that people should do exactly what Jesus said in the Sermon, all the time.
If doing this puts a person in danger, then that is what the person needs to be saved.
Leo Tolstoy (when he was older)
The Oriental Orthodox Churches
The early Anabaptists
Modern Anabaptist groups, like the Mennonites and Hutterites
(2) Modify the text
In ancient times, people would modify (change) the text of the Sermon to make it more popular.
For example, in the Bible, Matthew 5:22 was changed from "[anyone who] is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment" to "[anyone who] is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment."
(3) The hyperbole view
One of the most common views is the hyperbole view.
It says that Jesus used hyperbole (which means he exaggerated) in parts of the Sermon.
People who believe this think Jesus's teachings need to be made more realistic if they are going to be used in the real world.
(4) The general principles view
The general principles view says that Jesus was not giving instructions (telling people exactly how to act).
Instead, he was giving examples of how a person should behave.
(5) The double standard view
The double standard view says that part of Jesus's teachings are general ideas about how to act, and some are instructions.
To be saved, most people just have to follow the general ideas about how to act.
Only a small number of holy people, like the clergy and monks, have to follow the instructions.
St. Augustine (he created the double standard view)
St. Thomas Aquinas (who changed the double standard view later)
Geoffrey Chaucer (he used this view in his book, Canterbury Tales (Wife of Bath's Prologue, v. 117-118)
(6) The two realms view
Martin Luther did not believe the Catholic ideas about the Sermon.
He created the two realms view.
Luther divided the world into two realms, or sections: the religious realm, and the secular (non-religious) realm.
He thought the Sermon only applied to the religious part of life.
In the everyday world, people might have to do things the Sermon said they should not do.
For example, in his secular job, a judge might have to punish a criminal instead of forgiving him.
However, as a religious man, the judge should still feel sorry for what happens to the criminal.
(7) The analogy of scripture view
The analogy of scripture view says that when the New Testament was written, parts of the Sermon got changed.
For example, Jesus said that it was wrong to make an oath.
However, in the New Testament, Paul uses oaths at least twice.
(8) The attitudes not acts view
The attitudes not acts view says that in the Sermon, Jesus was only telling people what he would do himself.
He was not telling other people what they had to do to be good Christians.
(9) The interim ethic view
The [wikt:interim interim] ethic view says that when Jesus gave the Sermon, he thought the world was going to end very soon.
Because of this, his teachings were only meant for that short time.
(10) The unconditional divine will view
The unconditional divine will view says that Jesus meant for people to do exactly what he said and follow the ethics he talked about in the Sermon.
However, with the way the world is now, people cannot do this.
People try to follow the ethics from the Sermon, but they will always fail.
This will change when the Kingdom of Heaven comes back to the world.
At that time everyone will be able to live the way God wants.
(11) The repentance view
The repentance view says that Jesus knew people would not be able to follow his teachings.
People would try to follow them, but fail.
This would teach them to repent.
In this way, people would come to have faith in the Gospel.
(12) Dispensationalism
Dispensationalism divides human history into separate groups.
This view says that today, we live in a time where we cannot live up to the Sermon's teachings.
However, sometime in the future, we will be able to.
When that time comes, people will have to follow the Sermon's teachings to get salvation.
E. Earle Ellis, a professor of theology, says that in the Sermon, Jesus is asking believers to live in a way that will be normal in the future kingdom of God.
As Ellis says, we are to speak Jesus' words, think his thoughts, and do his deeds.
Since this will be the ethic of the future kingdom of God, people should live their lives in a way that will help them be ready to live in God's kingdom.
In a book called Hiram Key, Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas say the Sermon on the Mount never happened.
Knight thinks that Matthew 'stuck all kinds of passages together as though they were spoken one after another to a crowd on a mountain top.'
He believes that 'the teachings were drafted into this one 'occasion' to avoid interrupting the flow of the overall story.'
McArthur, Harvey King.
Understanding the Sermon on the Mount.
Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978.
Irmo is a town 12 miles outside of Columbia, South Carolina.
There were 11,039 people living in Irmo as of the year 2000.
Irmo is found at  (34.092629, -81.186073).
The United States Census Bureau says the town has an area of 10.7 km² (4.1 mi²).
There is no water in that area.
Irmo was chartered on Christmas Eve in 1890 because of the opening of the Columbia, Newberry, and Laurens Railroad.
The strange name of Irmo was the result of putting together the names of Captain C.J. Iredell and Henry Moseley, two important figures in the founding of the town.
The town of Irmo does not have an actual downtown area.
It is only several clusters of suburban neighborhoods.
Town of Irmo
Cities in South Carolina
A  Mediterranean climate is a climate that has dry summers that are mild to hot as well as winters that are mild to cool with moderate or high rainfall.
It includes the climate of much of the land near the Mediterranean Sea.
Outside the Mediterranean, one can find this climate only in rather small areas.
It is found in many places that are roughly between latitudes 30° to 45° north and south of the equator.
In the Köppen climate classification, it is split between hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa), warm-summer Mediterranean (Csb) and cool-summer Mediterranean (Csc).
Examples of Csa are Rome, Lisbon and Adelaide.
Examples of Csb are Porto, Cape Town and San Francisco.
Csc only occurs at very high altitude.
Explanation of Mediterranean Climate
Hans Richter (born as Raab (now Györ) 4 April 1843; died Bayreuth 5 December 1916) was an Austro-Hungarian conductor.
His name was originally János Richter.
Richter came from a musical family and studied violin, horn and music theory at the Vienna Conservatory.
He became famous for his conducting of the music of Richard Wagner, Anton Bruckner and Johannes Brahms.
Richter helped Wagner to prepare the printed musical scores of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg and the four operas in the cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen.
He conducted a lot in Vienna and at the Bayreuth Opera House which Wagner had built for the performance of his own operas.
Later he became very popular in England and lived in Manchester.
He was conductor of the Hallé Orchestra and director of the Birmingham Music Festival.
He conducted German operas at Covent Garden and in 1909 he conducted Wagner’s Ring cycle which was being performed in English for the first time.
Richter helped the English audiences to get to know the music of Wagner, Dvořák and Elgar.
Elgar dedicated his First Symphony to Hans Richter, describing him as a “true artist and true friend”.
Hungarian conductors
Thylacine was a carnivorous (mainly meat eating) marsupial animal.
The Thylacine was also known as a Tasmanian tiger, a Tasmanian wolf and a Tasmanian hyena.
The last known Thylacine died in a Hobart zoo on 7 September 1936.
They once lived across Australia and New Guinea.
There are paintings of the animals in the north of Western Australia, and in the Northern Territory.
At Riversleigh in north Queensland, scientists have discovered the fossil bones of thylacines that are at least 30 million years old.
Thylacines were common across Australia.
Fossil remains have been found in Queensland, paintings have been found in Western Australia, and a mummified body was found in cave on the Nullabor Plain in South Australia.
The body was dated as being 4,650 years old.
The thylacine began to disappear from the Australian mainland about 5,000 years ago.
This is about the same time as the arrival in Australia of the dingo.
Because of rising sea levels 10,000 years ago, Tasmania was separated from the Australian mainland by Bass Strait which the dingo never crossed.
By the time Europeans came to Australia in 1788, the Thylacine was only living in Tasmania.
Sailors on Abel Tasman's ship in November 1642 reported seeing "tygr" footprints.
The French explorer, Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, found a thylacine jaw bone in 1792.
On May 13, 1792, he made the first confirmed sighting, which was described as being the size of a large dog, streaked with black.
In 1805, Lieutenant Governor Paterson sent a description of a thylacine to Sydney.
He said the animal was rare and uncommon.
Thylacines were hunted because farmers said they were killing sheep.
The Tasmanian government gave money to farmers for each thylacine they killed.
The last thylacine shot and killed was at Mawbanna, Tasmania, on 13 May, 1930, by farmer Wilfred Batty.
The government brought in laws to protect them a few months before the last one died.
They are now extinct, which means there are no thylacines left alive anywhere in the world.
The Thylacine was about 1.8 metres (71 inches) long and its tail was up to 53 cms (21 inches) long.
It would have been about 58 centimetres (23 inches) tall and could be up to 30 kilograms (66 pounds) in weight.
It was grey and brown in colour with 16 black or brown stripes on its back.
It had the same shape as a dog, but the back, rump and tail were more like a kangaroo.
Its tail was quite stiff.
It had very short legs.
It had teeth like a dog, but with more incisor teeth.
The Thylacine was able to open its mouth about 120 degrees.
The thylacine was a nocturnal (night) hunting animal.
They ate wallabies, rats, birds, echidnas, rabbits and sheep.
The thylacines were marsupials, which means the female carried the babies in a pouch.
The pouch opened to the rear.
The Thylacine Museum
Rock Against Communism (RAC) is a type of rock music.
It started as a series of Neo-Nazi concerts in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and 1980s.
The first RAC concert was in Leeds, England in 1978.
RAC bands
Blue Eyed Devils
British National Front
Greed (1924) (MGM's first feature-length movie)
He Who Gets Slapped (1924) (first movie featuring the MGM logo)
Ben-Hur (1925, plus remake in 1959)
The Big Parade (1925)
The Unholy Three (1925)
La bohème (1926)
Flesh and the Devil (1926)
The Scarlet Letter (1926)
Love (1927)
London After Midnight (1927)
The Wind (1928)
Our Dancing Daughters (1928, plus sequels, first movie featuring MGM's "Jackie the Lion")
Show People (1928)
The Crowd (1928)
The Viking (1928, first color feature with a soundtrack)
The Mysterious Island (1929)
The Broadway Melody (1929, plus several more movies in that series)
Hallelujah! (
The Hollywood Revue of 1929 (1929)
Their Own Desire (1929)
The Rogue Song (1930, MGM's first all-color talkie)
Anna Christie (1930)
The Divorcee (1930)
The Big House (1930)
Min and Bill (1930)
Good News (1930)
The Champ (1931, plus remake in 1979)
A Free Soul (1931)
Mata Hari (1931)
Grand Hotel (1932)
Tarzan the Ape Man (1932, plus sequels)
Freaks (1932)
Smilin' Through (1932)
Dancing Lady (1933)
Queen Christina (1933)
The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934, plus remake in 1956)
The Thin Man (1934, plus sequels)
The Merry Widow (1934)
Viva Villa! (
The Cat and the Fiddle (1934, first movie featuring MGM's "Tanner the Lion")
Anna Karenina (1935)
David Copperfield (1935)
Mutiny on the Bounty (1935, plus remake in 1962)
Naughty Marietta (1935)
Ah, Wilderness! (
1935)
A Tale of Two Cities (1935)
Broadway Melody of 1936 (1935)
Romeo and Juliet (1936)
Rose-Marie (1936)
San Francisco (1936)
Camille (1936)
The Great Ziegfeld (1936)
Libeled Lady (1936)
Maytime (1937)
Captains Courageous (1937)
The Good Earth (1937)
Conquest (1937)
Rosalie (1937)
The Firefly (1937)
The Girl Of The Golden West (1938)
Test Pilot (1938)
Sweethearts (1938)
Boys Town (1938)
Marie Antoinette (1938)
The Citadel (1938)
Babes in Arms (1939)
Gone With the Wind (1939, distribution only) (logo not shown)
Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939, plus remake in 1969)
The Women (1939)
Ninotchka (1939, plus remake in 1957)
Broadway Serenade (1939)
The Shop Around the Corner (1940)
The Philadelphia Story (1940, plus remake in 1956)
The Mortal Storm (1940)
Boom Town (1940)
Waterloo Bridge (1940)
Pride and Prejudice (1940)
New Moon (1940)
Bitter Sweet (1940)
Blossoms in the Dust (1941)
Ziegfeld Girl (1941)
Smilin' Through (1941)
The Mark on the Road (1942) (UK Distribution only)
Cairo (1942)
I Married An Angel (1942)
For Me and My Gal (1942)
Mrs. Miniver (1942)
Random Harvest (1942)
Madame Curie (1943)
Cabin in the Sky (1943)
A Guy Named Joe (1943)
Lassie Come Home (1943)
The Human Comedy (1943)
Gaslight (1944)
Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944)
The White Cliffs of Dover (1944)
National Velvet (1944)
The Valley of Decision (1945)
Anchors Aweigh (1945)
The Harvey Girls (1946)
The Yearling (1946)
Ziegfeld Follies (1946)
Till the Clouds Roll By (1946)
The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946, plus Lorimar remake in 1981)
Lady in the Lake (1947)
The Pirate (1948)
Easter Parade (1948)
The Three Daring Daughters (1948)
The Barkleys of Broadway (1949, first movie for MGM's Silver Anniversary)
On the Town (1949)
Battleground (1949)
Little Women (1949)
The Sun Comes Up (1949, last movie for MGM's Silver Anniversary)
King Solomon's Mines (1950)
Annie Get Your Gun (1950)
Summer Stock (1950)
Father of the Bride (1950, plus 1951 sequel)
The Red Badge of Courage (1951)
Show Boat (1951)
Angels in the Outfield (1951)
Quo Vadis (1951)
The Great Caruso (1951)
The Bad and the Beautiful (1952)
Ivanhoe (1952)
The Band Wagon (1953)
Kiss Me, Kate (1953)
Knights of the Round Table (1953)
Julius Caesar (1953)
Mogambo (1953)
Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954)
The Student Prince (1954)
Brigadoon (1954)
Rhapsody (1954)
The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954)
The Long, Long Trailer (1954, co-production with Desilu Productions)
Blackboard Jungle (1955)
Hit the Deck (1955)
I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955, last movie featuring MGM's "Jackie the Lion")
Interrupted Melody (1955)
The Prodigal (1955)
Love Me or Leave Me (1955)
Kismet (1955)
The Adventures of Quentin Durward (1955)
Forbidden Planet (1956, last movie featuring MGM's "Tanner the Lion")
Jailhouse Rock (1957, first movie featuring MGM's current lion)
Raintree County (1957)
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958)
Gigi (1958)
The Brothers Karamazov (1958)
Butterfield 8 (1960)
Where the Boys Are (1960)
Cimarron (1960)
The Last Voyage (1960)
King of Kings (1961)
How the West Was Won (1962)
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1962)
The Courtship of Eddie's Father (1963)
The Haunting (1963)
Viva Las Vegas (1964)
The Americanization of Emily (1964)
The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1964)
The Cincinnati Kid (1965)
Blow-Up (1966)
Grand Prix (1966)
The Glass Bottom Boat (1966)
Point Blank (1967)
Ice Station Zebra (1968)
Where Eagles Dare (1968)
The Green Slime (1968)
Ryan's Daughter (1970)
The Phantom Tollbooth (1970)
Shaft (1971)
Travels With My Aunt  (1972)
Westworld (1973)
That's Entertainment! (
1974, plus sequels)
The Wind and the Lion (1975, with Columbia Pictures)
The Sunshine Boys (1975)
Logan's Run (1976)
That's Entertainment, Part II (1976)
The Goodbye Girl (1977, with Warner Bros.)
International Velvet (1978)
Pennies From Heaven (1981)
Clash of the Titans (1981)
Pink Floyd The Wall (1982)
Poltergeist (1982)
A Christmas Story (1983) (company known as MGM/UA Entertainment Co.)
WarGames (1983)
Octopussy (1983)
The Hunger (1983)
2010: The Year We Make Contact (1984)
A View to a Kill (1985) (company known as MGM/UA Entertainment Co.)
Poltergeist II: The Other Side (1986)
Hollywood Shuffle (1987) (company reverted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer)
Overboard (1987)
Poltergeist III (1988)
Rain Man (1988)
For Queen and Country (1989)
The Mighty Quinn (1989)
Licence to Kill (1989)
A Dry White Season (1989)
The Russia House (1990)
Misery (1990, video distribution only) (co-production with Nelson Entertainment, Castle Rock Entertainment and Columbia Pictures)
Shattered (1991)
The Cutting Edge (1992)
Benny & Joon (1993)
Stargate (1994)
Showgirls (1995)
The Pebble and the Penguin (1995) (USA distribution only) (co-production with Don Bluth)
GoldenEye (1995)
All Dogs Go to Heaven 2 (1996)
Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)
Zeus and Roxanne (1997) (co-production with Rysher Entertainment)
Ronin (1998)
The World Is Not Enough (1999) (last MGM movie internationally distributed by United International Pictures)
Original Sin (2001, with Hyde Park Entertainment) (first MGM movie internationally distributed by 20th Century Fox)
Antitrust (2001, with Hyde Park Entertainment)
Hannibal (2001, with Universal Pictures)
Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust (2001, with Urban Vision Entertainment)
Legally Blonde (2001, plus sequel in 2003)
Bandits (2001) (co-production with Hyde Park Entertainment)
Barbershop (2002)
Die Another Day (2002)
Agent Cody Banks (2003, plus sequel in 2004)
Sakura Wars: The Movie (2003, with Geneon Entertainment)
De-Lovely (2004)
Agent Cody Banks 2 (2004)
Walking Tall (2004)
Swimming Upstream (2005)
Be Cool (2005)
Beauty Shop (2005)
The Brothers Grimm (2005) (co-production with Dimension Films)
Into the Blue (2005) (co-production with Columbia Pictures)
Night Moves (2005) (co-production with Touchstone Pictures)
Yours, Mine and Ours (2005) (co-production with Paramount Pictures, Nickelodeon Movies, and Columbia Pictures)
The Amityville Horror (2005) (co-production with Dimension Films, Platinum Dunes and Radar Pictures)
My Favorite Knight (2006)
Dark Angel (2006, co-production with Dimension Films)
The Pink Panther (2006) (production only; distributed by Columbia Pictures)
Basic Instinct 2 (2006) (co-production with Intermedia Films and C2 Pictures)
Two Friends and a Bandits (2006)
Staggle 2 (2006, co-production with Miramax Films)
Lucky Number Slevin (2006, USA distribution only) (produced by The Weinstein Company)
Stormbreaker (2006, USA distribution only) (produced by The Weinstein Company and Isle of Man movie)
Casino Royale (2006) (co-production with Columbia Pictures)
Material Girls (2006)
Rocky Balboa (2006) (co-production with Columbia Pictures and Revolution Studios)
Clerks II (2006) (USA theatrical distribution only, produced by The Weinstein Company)
Flyboys (2006)
School For Scoundrels (2006, with Dimension Films) (Produced by The Weinstein Company)
Breaking and Entering (2006) (co-production with Miramax Films produced by The Weinstein Company)
Premonition (2007) (co-production with TriStar Pictures and Hyde Park Entertainment)
Principal Parkinson's Opus'' (2007) (produced by Hyde Park Entertainment)
Zoo Tycoon 2 is a 2004 simulation computer game.
In the game, the player must create and run a zoo.
This is done by managing its finances, employees and animal exhibits.
The goal is to become a "zoo tycoon".
The game is a sequel the 2001 game Zoo Tycoon.
Six expansion packs have been created for the game.
The latest is Zoo Tycoon 2: Extinct Animals.
Zoo Tycoon is a simulation computer game.
It was developed by Blue Fang Games and released by Microsoft Game Studios.
It is a game in which the player must run a business, in this case a zoo, and try to earn money.
Zoo Tycoon was followed by Zoo Tycoon 2 in 2004.
fr:Zoo Tycoon
A chapel is a place for Christian worship.
The word is used in several different ways.
Generally, a chapel is a place of worship that is not a church which belongs to a parish in a village or town, but is more private or has a special purpose.
Private chapels
Small chapels
Usually these chapels are small.
As well as being used for prayers, the chapel might also hold the graves of members of the family, or else have memorials and statues around the walls.
Famous small family chapels are at Haddon Hall in Derbyshire and in the Riccardi Medici Palace in Florence.
This small chapel has famous frescoes of the Three Kings by Benozzo Gozzoli.
Large chapels
Some private chapels are as large as very large churches.
Because these large chapels can only be built by very rich people, they often have magnificent architecture or very rich decoration.
Some of the most famous large private chapels are St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, the Chapel Royal at Versailles Palace and the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican Palace.
The Sistine Chapel is the chapel of the popes and is famous for its ceiling painted by Michelangelo.
College chapels
Many universities, colleges, schools, law courts, hospitals and prisons have their own chapels.
These might be a grand and beautiful building like the Eton College Chapel, or just a small room that is set aside for prayer.
At many schools, Chapel Service is an important part of the week, when the whole school gets together to pray and to sing hymns.
Sometimes a big important church or cathedral might also act as a chapel.
Oxford Cathedral is the chapel for Christ Church College of the University of Oxford.
St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney acts as the chapel to 900 pupils of the cathedral school.
Chapels at churches
Monastic chapels
A monastery or a convent generally has a chapel where the monks or nuns can worship.
This might be a private chapel, just the right size for the people at the monastery, or it might be a big church that serves a village or town as well, or even a cathedral for the whole region.
Many cathedrals show evidence that they were once used by monks as well as the town people.
One of the signs is a large stone screen that divides the church into two areas.
Often these churches have a lot of small chapels because the monks or nuns would each say private prayers in one of the small chapels every day.
Family chapels
From the Middle Ages, rich families would often give money to a church or cathedral so that a family chapel could be built attached to the church.
The family might want a place where they could pray privately outsde the regular service time.
They might want to give thanks to God that a member of the family had been healed or rescued.
They might want to bury dead family members and have prayers said every day.
They might want to give honour to a particular saint.
They might want to avoid taxation by spending a lot of money quickly.
They might want to beautify their favorite church and make it bigger.
They might want to make something beautiful that the whole town can use.