the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The little amount of food on Exile Island can make a player weaker, causing them to perform worse in challenges.
The separation from other players can cause a player to become on outcast on their tribe.
Players are often sent to Exile Island for one or both of these strategic reasons.
The person exiled gets a clue to the hidden immunity idol, which may or may not be located on the island, an "instant comfort" (as in Survivor: Gabon), or (as in Survivor: Tocantins) the right to change tribes.
If the exiled player is asked to return after the Tribal Council (whether they belong to a tribe or not), they will also be safe from being voted out at that Tribal Council.
Tribal Council
Tribal Council is held at the end of each episode.
Here, the tribe votes one person out of the tribe.
The first time any player visits Tribal Council, they are asked to take a torch and light it from a fire pit.
They say that "this is part of the ritual of Tribal Council because fire represents life.
As long as you have fire, you are still in this game.
When your fire's gone, so are you".
If the Jury has already been started, they are asked to enter and watch.
Probst then asks the players questions about details and events since the tribe's last Tribal Council.
Before the vote, if a player has been awarded individual immunity through an immunity challenge, he is then asked if he wants to give it to another player.
Whoever has the immunity after this possible switch cannot be voted out.
The players then vote for another player in secret, and the player who gets the most votes must leave the game.
Players cannot vote for themselves.
Players also have to write neatly, and avoid using of uncommon nicknames.
If the number of votes for one player is above half of the total votes, Probst will stop reading, and that player is eliminated, keeping the rest of the votes in secret to the players themselves.
The eliminated player's fire is put out, and Probst tells them "The tribe has spoken" and "It's time for you to go."
The player then leaves the Tribal Council area and says some last words that are shown at the end of the episode.
The rest of the tribe members are then told to return to camp with their torches; in some seasons, this has allowed a tribe access to a source of fire, while in other seasons, the tribe is not allowed to return to camp with their torches lit if they do not yet have their own source of fire or a way of starting one.
When there is a tie (where two or more players have the same number of votes) before there are four players left, the non-tied players will vote once again, where the only possibilities for elimination are the tied players.
If the second vote does not break the tie, a two-minute discussion will start where the non-tied players must come to a decision as to who should be voted off.
If a decision is not reached in two minutes, the tied players are safe from being voted off and the non-tied players (except anyone who has won individual immunity) choose rocks out of a bag without looking.
The player who chooses the differently colored rock is eliminated.
In the event of a tie at the final four, there will be a revote (However, in Survivor: Gabon, there was no revote in the final four and it went straight to the fire-making tie breaker challenge), but if the revote does not break the tie, the tied players will compete in a challenge.
In Palau, Panama, Cook Islands and Gabon, this challenge was a fire-making contest.
In Marquesas, the random rock tiebreaker was used at the final four, which host Jeff Probst later said was a mistake.
In the very rare case that a tribe is down to two players before the merge, as in Palau, those two will also face off in a challenge to decide who is to leave the game.
This has only happened once to date.
Very rarely, a player may choose to quit the game.
The player's wish is granted, for whatever reasons.
If a player quits at Tribal Council, as was the case in Pearl Islands and Palau, that player's torch is "laid down".
Depending on the player's reasons for quitting, they may or may not get to say their final words.
In very rare cases when players have to leave the game due to injury, or completely leave the game on their own terms outside of Tribal Council, Tribal Council is usually not held, with the other tribe(s) being informed of the player leaving if still before the merge.
However, there have been occasions where, after a player is removed, an immunity challenge and a Tribal Council are still held.
This usually happens when the game starts with more than eighteen players.
All eliminated players except, usually, the Final 9 (in later seasons this number has changed), leave the game entirely.
The rest of the players who leave the game, except the final two or three who will go on to the final vote, are the jury, a group of people who vote to decide the winner of the game.
Once the Jury starts to form, the members are at every Tribal Council, but are not allowed to speak or talk to the players still in the game; they are only there to watch the questioning and voting that occurs.
Jury members are there until the end of the final Tribal Council, and are not allowed to talk about their voting or issues with the remaining players, with other jury members, or the final players.
This rule continues through the game and up until the winner is announced.
Before to the second-to-last challenge, the players are usually given a small food reward (a hearty breakfast or similar meal) for making it this far.
The second-to-last immunity challenge is usually a very hard, multi-part challenge, and usually is the most complex challenge of the entire season, often combining elements from previous challenges.
A Tribal Council is then held to vote off one player.
Before the last challenge, the remaining players partake in a memorial activity appropriate for the theme of the show, where they pay respect to the players who have been eliminated before them. (
Torches of the eliminated players are usually included in this part.)
This usually leads right into the last immunity challenge, which usually focuses on balance or endurance and which can last from minutes to almost half a day.
In most seasons, with three players in the challenge, winning immunity on this challenge allows that player to choose whom he or she wants to go with to the Final Tribal Council, raising their chance at winning the game.
Because of this, the challenges can allow players to talk and try to make last-minute deals, giving up immunity for assurance of being taken to the Final Two.
A Tribal Council is then held to vote off the last eliminated player.
Only the person with Immunity votes since the other two votes would cancel each other out.
At this point, the game is no longer in the remaining players' control, as the next day they face the Final Tribal Council where their fate will be decided.
A similar pattern has been used in newer seasons in which three players go to the Final Tribal Council.
The final challenges and rituals take place one vote earlier in the game.
The last immunity challenge is held amongst the final four players, and the winner, while assured a place in the final three, does not choose his or her competition for the prize.
Final tribal council
On the last day of the competition, the surviving players usually either clean up, tear down, or burn down their camp as a tribute to surviving to the end of the game.
They then make their way to the final Tribal Council.
Each of the final players makes a statement to the jury about why they deserve of the jury's vote.
Each jury member, in turn, can ask each of the final players a question, which that player must answer.
In some cases, the jury member may only be making a short speech which doesn't need an answer but is meant to throw the player off guard.
From Borneo to Panama, each final player made a closing statement, allowing them to respond to the jury's question and again explain why they would be the most deserving winner.
This practice has never been done since Cook Islands.
Each jury member then votes for one of the final players, saying which player he or she wants to win the game.
After this vote, the container with the votes is taken away by the host.
The players are told that the vote will be revealed during the live finale, and the votes are secured until the live finale of the show when the votes are revealed and the winner is announced.
Sometimes the final tribal council and finale are changed so they look like one event, until moments later the camera shows the studio audience.
This is possible by re-creating on a studio the Tribal Council set from the location of filming.
Before the use of a Final 3, the jury has always been odd-numbered, ensuring that no tie would be possible.
However, with every Final 3 jury, or as in the case of Micronesia of an even-numbered jury for a Final 2, a tie may be possible; it is unknown what tie-breaker is used to break a tie if it happens.
During the finale of Micronesia, the host had a white envelope that he said held the tie-breaker, but its contents were not revealed as there was no tie.
The player chosen as Sole Survivor gets a cash prize of $1,000,000 (prior to taxes).
The Sole Survivor also gets a car given by the show's sponsor, except in Survivor: Cook Islands.
In a few seasons, the final players have also agreed to play for the tribe flag or other representative object from camp.
In addition, the final five or six contestants may have the chance to compete for a car.
The winner of this challenge has never won the game, leading to the idea of a "Survivor car curse".
Every player gets a prize for being on Survivor depending on how long he or she lasted in the game.
In most seasons, the runner-up gets $100,000, and third place wins $85,000.
Sonja Christopher, the first player voted off in Survivor: Borneo, got $2,500.
The prize was raised for Survivor: All-Stars.
The known prizes for Survivor: All-Stars were as follows: 2nd = $250,000; 3rd = $125,000; 4th = $100,000.
Tina Wesson, the first player voted off in Survivor: All-Stars, got $25,000.
In Survivor: Fiji, the first season with tied runners-up, the two runners-up got US$100,000 each, and Yau-Man Chan got US$60,000 for his 4th-place finish.
The prizes for other seasons with more than sixteen contestants are unknown.
In Survivor: All-Stars:
Rob Mariano won the in-game car reward as part of a challenge.
Given the option to choose a player to join him in a makeshift drive-in movie theater, he chose Amber Brkich to join him.
Jeff Probst later said to the two at their reward that because Rob had chosen Amber, Amber also got a car (though one of lesser value).
At the reunion, Amber, as the Sole Survivor, was then asked to choose one of the other All-Stars to receive a car, and she chose Shii Ann Huang.
In Survivor: America's Tribal Council as part of the All-Stars season, Rupert Boneham was chosen by a popularity poll of Survivor viewers to win $1,000,000.
Beginning in Survivor: Panama, viewers of Survivor voted their favorite player to win a new car.
Survivor: Panama: Cirie Fields
Survivor: Cook Islands: Ozzy Lusth
In Survivor: China, Denise Martin was selected by the show's producers to receive a prize of $50,000, due to misfortunes she experienced after her return home following taping.
It was later revealed that she was misleading in her story of being demoted, and she declined the $50,000, asking it to be donated to a pediatric AIDS charity instead.
Beginning in Survivor: China, viewers of Survivor voted their favorite player to win $100,000.
Below are the winners of their respective seasons.
Survivor: China: James Clement
Survivor: Micronesia: James Clement
Survivor: Gabon: Robert "Bob" Crowley
Survivor: Tocantins: James "J.T." Thomas, Jr.
Survivor: Samoa: Russell Hantz
Secretly planning to split winnings will result in removal from the game.
Except for the occasional challenges which involve wrestling or small amounts of fighting, any physical violence between players will result in removal from the game.
At Tribal Council, players are not allowed to vote for themselves, and they cannot decline to cast a vote.
Players must also show whom they voted for to the camera inside the voting booth.
Players must not break U.S. law or local law.
Breaking any of these laws will result in removal from the game.
Players may not skip any tribal councils, nor can they refuse to participate in an immunity or reward challenge, unless the game offers them the chance to do so.
Tribe members may not visit the campsite of another tribe unless they are doing so as part of an immunity challenge, reward challenge or tribal merger activity with the other tribe.
They also cannot visit the TV crew compound.
Exceptions to this rule have been made, as a result of accident or challenge victories.
If a player becomes seriously injured or sick, the player, fellow players, the host, or even the crew filming the players may call in a medical team for help.
In some cases, the player can be treated at their camp, but the player may also be unable to participate further by the medical team and is then taken from camp to a medical facility, and removed from the game.
Depending on which country the show takes place in, players may be stopped from killing certain forms of plant or animal life.
U.S. Survivor seasons
The United States version is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst.
It is shown on Thursdays on CBS.
The first season of Survivor was broadcast as a summer replacement show in 2000.
Since then the show has been broadcast each U.S. television season.
Each competition is called a season, but each season has a different name, and lasts from 13 to 15 episodes.
Starting with Survivor: The Australian Outback there have been two Survivor seasons shown during each U.S. television season.
The American version of Survivor has been shot in many locations around the world since the first season, in warm, tropical climates.
Survivor Official Wiki
Survivor Maps
Kristopher Neil "Kris" Allen (born June 21, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter.
He was the winner of season 8 of American Idol.
The PGA Championship is a golf tournament, which is the last out of the men's golf Major Championships.
Stroke play era winners
Invisible ink is a type of liquid that cannot be seen or read unless it is first activated.
Chemical reactions, heat, ultraviolet light or special glasses are used to make invisible ink visible.
It is used to send secret messages or for entertainment.
Invisible ink pens are sometimes sold or used for prizes, usually with an ultraviolet light.
Pee Wee's Big Adventure is a movie starring Pee Wee Herman.
He travels across the US to get back his stolen bicycle.
The 1985 movie was directed by Tim Burton from a screen play by  Paul Reubens, Phil Hartman and Michael Varhol.
The music was composed by Danny Elfman.
Bad Kreuznach is a town in Germany, in Rhineland-Palatinate.
Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate
Asamoah Gyan (born 22 November 1985) is a Ghanaian football player.
He plays for Stade Rennais and Ghana national team.
|2003/04||Udinese||Serie A||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Modena||rowspan="2"|Serie B||27||7||0||0||colspan="2"|-||27||7
|2005/06||25||8||1||0||colspan="2"|-||26||8
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Udinese||rowspan="2"|Serie A||25||8||1||0||colspan="2"|-||26||8
|2007/08||13||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||3
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Stade Rennais||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||16||1||2||0||1||0||19||1
Total||32||16
Dean Ashton (born 24 November 1983) is a former English football player.
|2000/01||rowspan="5"|Crewe Alexandra||rowspan="2"|First Division||21||8||2||0||0||0||23||8
|2001/02||31||7||4||3||1||0||36||10
|2002/03||Second Division||39||9||2||2||1||0||42||11
|2003/04||First Division||44||19||1||0||2||1||47||20
|2004/05||League Championship||24||18||0||0||3||2||27||20
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Norwich City||Premier League||16||7||0||0||0||0||16||7
|2005/06||League Championship||28||10||0||0||2||1||30||11
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|West Ham United||rowspan="5"|Premier League||11||3||5||3||0||0||16||6
|2006/07||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2007/08||31||10||2||0||2||1||35||11
|2008/09||4||2||0||0||1||0||5||2
|2009/10||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
He used his name Lee Chung-sung until February 2007, when he obtained Japanese citizenship.
Lee was born in Nishitokyo on December 19, 1985.
He joined J1 League club FC Tokyo from their youth team in 2004.
However he could not play at all in the match.
In 2005, he moved to Kashiwa Reysol.
Although he debuted in 2005, Kashiwa was relegated to J2 League end of the 2005 season.
In 2006, he became a regular player and Kashiwa returned to J1 in a year.
Kashiwa won the 2nd place in the 2008 Emperor's Cup.
In August 2009, he moved to Sanfrecce Hiroshima.
Hiroshima won the 2nd place in the 2010 J.League Cup.
In January 2012, he moved to English EFL Championship club Southampton.
Although Southampton was promoted to Premier League from the 2012/13 season, he could not play at all in the league.
In January 2013, he moved to his first club FC Tokyo on loan.
Although he returned to Southampton in summer 2013, he could not play in the league.
In January 2014, he returned to Japan and joined Urawa Reds.
In 2017, Urawa won the champions in 2017 AFC Champions League.
In 2019, he moved to Yokohama F. Marinos.
Yokohama won the J1 champions in 2019.
In February 2007, Lee obtained Japanese citizenship.
In 2008, he was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2008 Summer Olympics and played all 3 matches.
At this tournament, he debuted against Jordan on January 9.
His first international goal was dramatic, coming as it did in the 109th minute of the final to secure a 1–0 win over Australia and Japan on the champions.
He played 11 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 2012.
|2004||FC Tokyo||J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|2005||rowspan="5"|Kashiwa Reysol||J1 League||8||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|2006||J2 League||31||8||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||8
|2007||rowspan="3"|J1 League||30||10||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||36||10
|2008||19||4||4||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||27||5
|2009||20||2||0||0||5||3||colspan="2"|-||25||5
|2009||rowspan="3"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="3"|J1 League||8||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|2010||30||11||2||0||3||2||6||3||41||16
|2011||32||15||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||15
|2011/12||rowspan="2"|Southampton||EFL Championship||7||1||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||1
|2012/13||Premier League||0||0||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|2013||FC Tokyo||J1 League||13||4||0||0||6||2||colspan="2"|-||19||6
|2013/14||Southampton||Premier League||0||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2014||rowspan="5"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="5"|J1 League||34||6||2||1||8||3||colspan="2"|-||44||10
|2015||24||2||4||3||2||1||5||0||35||6
|2016||32||10||1||0||5||2||5||2||43||14
|2017||21||3||0||0||1||0||10||4||32||7
|2018||20||3||2||0||8||2||colspan="2"|-||30||5
|2019||Yokohama F. Marinos||J1 League||10||1||0||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||14||2
|2020||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Sanga FC||rowspan="2"|J2 League||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
Takahiro Shimotaira (born 18 December 1971) is a former Japanese football player.
He has now retired.
|1990/91||rowspan="3"|Hitachi||JSL Division 2||3||0||||||0||0||3||0
|1991/92||JSL Division 1||21||0||||||1||0||22||0
|1992||Football League||17||1||||||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|1993||rowspan="8"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="2"|Football League||14||2||1||0||6||0||21||2
|1994||27||2||0||0||1||0||28||2
|1995||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||35||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|1996||28||0||2||0||14||1||44||1
|1997||24||0||3||0||6||0||33||0
|1998||25||0||1||0||3||0||29||0
|1999||30||2||4||0||6||1||40||3
|2000||20||0||1||0||0||0||21||0
|2001||rowspan="2"|Tokyo||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||16||0||0||0||3||0||19||0
|2002||23||0||1||0||6||0||30||0
|2003||rowspan="2"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||20||0||2||0||3||0||25||0
|2004||13||0||1||0||3||0||17||0
Sandro Cardoso dos Santos (born 22 March 1980) is a Brazilian football player.
He plays for Changsha Ginde.
|2003||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||23||8||3||2||1||1||27||11
|2004||22||9||0||0||4||2||26||11
Raymond Domenech (born 24 January 1952) is a French football player and manager.
He played for France national team.
|1970/71||rowspan="8"|Olympique Lyonnais||rowspan="8"|Division 1||37||2
|1971/72||32||1
|1972/73||38||0
|1973/74||27||0
|1974/75||35||3
|1976/77||34||1
|1977/78||7||0
|1977/78||rowspan="4"|Strasbourg||rowspan="4"|Division 1||30||1
|1978/79||37||2
|1979/80||38||1
|1980/81||23||0
|1981/82||Paris Saint-Germain||Division 1||19||1
|1982/83||rowspan="2"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="2"|Division 1||18||2
|1983/84||22||1
|1984/85||rowspan="2"|Mulhouse||rowspan="2"|Division 2||12||0
|1985/86||1||0
Acritarchs are early microfossils, the remains, probably, of eukaryote cells.
It is the resistant single-layered cell walls, or perhaps a cover secreted by cell walls, that we see in early rocks of the Proterozoic era.
These structures are organic in their chemical composition, not calcium carbonate.
Their precise nature is not known, but they look like the resting stages of modern dinoflagellates (the 'red tide' organisms).
"These microfossils represent the resting stage in the reproductive cycle of eukaryote algae".p258
Acritarchs appear in quantity in organic-rich shales and siltstone strata 1.4 to 1.6 billion years old.p57 They include a wide range of forms, so it is not clear whether or not they are monophyletic.
At about 1 billion years ago they started to increase in abundance, diversity, and especially size and number of spines.
Their populations crashed during the Cryogenian period 860 million years ago (the Snowball Earth episodes).
They proliferated in the Cambrian explosion and reached their highest diversity in the Palaeozoic.
They survived at least until the Ordovician period.p256
The increased spininess possibly resulted from the need for defence against predators large enough to swallow them or tear them apart.
Other groups of small organisms from the Neoproterozoic era also show signs of anti-predator defences.
A recent discovery has greatly extended our knowledge of acritarchs.
Large (50μm) acritarchs have been found in silica-based rocks of Archaean age in South Africa.
These rocks date to 3,200 million years ago, which makes them the second oldest life to be found as fossils.
The earliest are cyanobacteria found in stromatolites.
The significance of this is that acritarchs are eukaryotes.
This means that eukaryotes were present at least 1.5 billion years earlier than had been supposed.
Issey Morgan Nakajima-Farran  (born 16 May 1984) is a Canadian soccer player who plays as a winger for Toronto FC in Major League Soccer.
|2003||Albirex Niigata||J. League 2||0||0
|2004||rowspan="2"|Albirex Niigata Singapore||rowspan="2"|S. League||22||12
|2005||23||14
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Vejle||First Division||15||7
|2006/07||Superliga||29||6
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Nordsjælland||rowspan="2"|Superliga||30||7
|2009/10||Horsens||First Division||||
Canadian footballers
|2002||Shizuoka Sangyo University||Football League||16||0||0||0||16||0
|2006||rowspan="5"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||14||0||0||0||14||0
|2007||14||0||1||0||15||0
|2008||4||0||3||0||7||0
|2009||5||0||1||0||6||0
Toshimitsu Asai at Guardian.co.uk
Sediment is made of small particles deposited in water or on land.
After deposition, sediments may stay in their new place a long time and be covered by newer sediments.
Pressure may slowly transform sediment into sedimentary rocks.
The word sediment is also used for material transported by wind or water, and deposited on the surface.
Sediments are often eroded again and deposited in a new place.
The study of how sedimentary rocks are formed is called sedimentology.
Line 3, (L3) currently known as Zona Universitària - Trinitat Nova, coloured green and often simply referred to as Línia verda ("Green line"), is a metro line in Barcelona operated by TMB.
1924 - Catalunya-Lesseps section opened.
1925 - Fontana station opened.
Catalunya-Liceu section opened.
1926 - Passeig de Gràcia-Jaume I section opened.
1934 - Jaume I-Correos section opened.
1946 - Liceu-Fernando section opened.
1968 - Fernando-Drassanes section opened.
1970 - Drassanes-Paral·lel section opened.
1972 - Passeig de Gràcia-Correos section closed.
1975 - Paral·lel-Zona Universitària section opened (as L3B).
1982 - L3B integrated into L3.
1985 - Lesseps-Montbau section opened.
2001 - Montbau-Canyelles section opened.
2008 - Canyelles-Trinitat Nova section opened.
Zona Universitària  (T1, T2, T3, L9, L10)
Palau Reial  (T1, T2, T3)
Maria Cristina  (T1, T2, T3)
Sants Estació  (L5, RENFE)
Espanya  (L1, L8)
Poble Sec
Paral·lel  (L2, Funicular de Montjuïc)
Drassanes
Liceu
Catalunya  (L1, L6, L7)
Passeig de Gràcia  (L2, L4, RENFE)
Diagonal (L5; Provença: L6, L7)
Lesseps  (L9, L10)
Vallcarca
Penitents
Vall d'Hebron  (L5)
Montbau
Mundet
Valldaura
Canyelles
Roquetes
Trinitat Nova   (L4, L11)
Former stations
Banco (nowadays would be on L4)
Correos (nowadays would be on L4)
Albert Szent-Györgyi (Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt, 16 September 1893  22 October 1986) was an Hungarian scientist.
He won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discoveries about Vitamin C.
Hungarian people
Hungarian Nobel Prize winners
1973 – Joanic-Jaume I section opened (part of it had been part of L3 previously)
1974 – Joanic-Guinardó section opened
1976 – Jaume I-Barceloneta section opened
1977 – Barceloneta-Selva de Mar section opened
1982 – Guinardó-Via Júlia and Selva de Mar-La Pau sections opened.
1985 – La Pau-Pep Ventura section opened
1999 – Via Júlia-Trinitat Nova section opened.
2002 – La Pau-Pep Ventura section closed (and moved to L2)
2003 – El Maresme-Fòrum station opened.
Colour on map: Yellow
Number of stations: 22
Rolling stock: 1100 and 2100 series
Journey time: 27 minutes
Depots: Trinitat Nova, Verneda (Triangle Ferroviari)
Trinitat Nova (L11)
Via Júlia
Llucmajor
Maragall (L5)
Guinardó – Hospital de Sant Pau (L9, L10)
Joanic
Verdaguer (L5)
Passeig de Gràcia (L2, L3, RENFE)
Urquinaona (L1)
Ciutadella-Vila Olímpica (T4)
Bogatell
Llacuna
Poblenou
Selva de Mar (T4)
El Maresme-Fòrum (T4)
Besòs Mar
Besòs (T5)
La Pau (L2)
Santander (under construction)
Sagrera-Tav (under construction) (L9, L10)
Sagrera-Meridiana (under construction) (L1 L5, L9, L10)
Trenscat
Line 5 is currently 16.6 km.
long and has 23 stations, from Cornellà to Horta in the northern part of Barcelona, where it's going to be extended towards Vall d'Hebron, meeting L3.
1959 - Sagrera-Meridiana section opened (as the former L2)
1967 - Vilapicina-Horta section opened (as the former L2)
1969 - Collblanc-Diagonal/Provença section opened.
1970 - Diagonal/Provença-Sagrera-Meridiana section opened.
The line then known as L2 integrated into L5.
1973 - Collblanc-Pubilla Cases section opened.
1976 - Pubilla Cases-Sant Ildefons section opened.
1983 - Sant Ildefons-Cornellà section opened.
Colour on map: Blue
Number of stations: 23
Rolling stock: Unitats 1100
Journey time: 30 minutes
Open-air sections: Yes (Can Boixeras)
Depots: Can Boixeres, Vilapicina
Cornellà Centre (T1, T2, RENFE)
Gavarra
Sant Ildefons
Can Boixeres
Can Vidalet
Pubilla Cases
Ernest Lluch - under construction.
Collblanc (L9, L10)
Badal
Plaça de Sants (L2)
Sants Estació (L3, RENFE)
Entença
Hospital Clínic
Diagonal (L3; Provença: L6, L7)
Verdaguer (L4)
Sagrada Família (L2)
Sant Pau-Dos de Maig
Camp de l'Arpa
Sagrera (L1, L4, L9, L10)
Congrés
Maragall (L4)
Virrei Amat
Vilapicina
Horta
El Carmel (under construction)
La Teixonera (under construction)
Vall d'Hebron (under construction) (L3)
Official site for Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona
Line 6, coloured navy blue, (currently known as Plaça Catalunya - Reina Elisenda) is the name of a metro-like commuter train service in Barcelona operated by FGC, and part of the ATM fare-integrated transport system.
It links Plaça Catalunya, the city centre, with Sarrià-Sant Gervasi.
This Barcelona Metro and Metro del Vallès line shares three stations with FGC L7.
Prior to the integration with the TMB network, L6 covered as an underground commuter train line the distance from downtown Barcelona to Sarrià, pretty much the same as nowadays.
It has its origins in 1876, with the Barcelona-Sarrià train.
It's going to be extended towards Sant Boi, through Hospital Sant Joan de Déu.
Colour on map:
Number of stations: 12
Type: Conventional metro (mixed traffic with suburban commuter train lines)
Rolling stock: 111 and 112 series
Power supply: Standard overhead wire
Mobile phone coverage: All lines
Depots: Rubí
Operator: FGC
Plaça Catalunya (L1, L3, L7, RENFE)
Provença (L7; Diagonal: L3, L5)
Gràcia (L7)
Sant Gervasi
Muntaner
La Bonanova
Les Tres Torres
Sarrià (L9, L10)
Reina Elisenda
Line 6 at Trenscat.com
Coccoliths are the microscopic algae which form chalk.
They are made by one of the most important eukaryote phytoplankton.
These are single celled protists whose full name is coccolithophorids or coccolithophores.
The spherical skeleton of coccoliths is a coccosphere.
Chalk makes up much of the marine strata in the Upper Cretaceous period, and is 95% to 99% made up of coccoliths, the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) plates which coccolithophorids produce.
Coccoliths were first examined by Cristian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1875), who thought they were inorganic products.
They were named, and identified as made by living organisms by Thomas Henry Huxley, who realised they were a major part of the rock we call chalk.
The story of how the tiny cell produces its coccosphere is told by Westbroek:
"The tiny coccolith-generating alga... is geological dynamite, a formidable force helping to conduct vast fluxes of calcium and carbonate towards the ocean bottom".
Coccolithophores are a major contributor to the carbonate in deep sea sediments.
In the Northeast Atlantic during the last glacial-interglacial cycle (ice age), coccoliths make up 70-80% of the total carbonate during the warm periods, and less during glacial times.
Coccoliths are first seen at the end of the Triassic period, 200 million years ago.
It is interesting that another group of tiny algae, the diatoms, make their entry into the fossil record at almost the same time.
The coccolith all-time peak was in the warm inland and continental shelf seas of the Cretaceous period.
They are still of huge ecological and geological importance.
Emiliania huxleyi
Emiliania huxleyi (Ehux for short) is one of the most important planktonic algae on the planet today.
It is the most common coccolithophore in the oceans of the world.
It dominates in the northeast Atlantic, in the northeast Pacific and in the eastern Mediterranean.
Its gigantic algal blooms are easily seen on satellite imagery.
This blooming life-style started between ~80,000 and 50,000 years ago, and marks the start of the so-called Ehux Acme zone in the fossil record.
Ehux is only seen in relatively young sediments, and must have evolved fairly recently.
The first appearance of Ehux in the sediment is used as a biostratigraphic marker.
This appearance was dated to ~270,000 years ago.
Later, Weaver dated it at ~242–268,000 years ago.
Emiliania huxleyi home page
Haptophytes are a phylum of algae, sometimes called the Prymnesiophyta.
All or most of them are single-celled photosynthetic phytoplankton.
The cells typically have two slightly unequal flagella and a unique organelle called a haptonema.
This is superficially similar to a flagellum, but differs in its arrangement of microtubules, and in its use.
The name comes from the Greek hapsis = touch, and nema = thread.
Molecular and morphological evidence places them in five orders; coccolithophores make up the Isochrysidales and Coccolithales.
Other groups include phytoplankton which produce the toxic algal blooms.
Crush 40, formerly known as Sons of Angels, is a Japanese-American hard rock band formed in 1997.
The primary lineup from 1998 to 2009 consisted of guitarist Jun Senoue and vocalist Johnny Gioeli.
They became known for game soundtracks for Wave Master Entertainment, including the Sonic the Hedgehog series.
Macedonia is a historical and geographical region in northern Greece.
It is the second most populous region of Greece and usually it is referred as Northern Greece along with Thrace.
It is situated between the Pindus Mountains and river Nestos and it borders west with Epirus and Thessaly, northwestern with Albania, north with North Macedonia, northeastern with Bulgaria and east with Thrace.
Its south coasts are washed by the Aegean Sea.
Macedonia is separated in three smaller peripheries: West Macedonia, Central Macedonia and East Macedonia and Thrace.
It has a total population of 2,424,765 inhabitants according to the 2001 census and its total area is 34,177 km².
The capital of Macedonia is Thessaloniki and has a population of about 1,000,000 inhabitants.
Macedonia's national anthem is Μακεδονία Ξακουστή which means Famous Macedonia.
Macedonia has many mountains and the tallest is Mount Olympus which has a high of 2,917 meters.
There are also many valleys that are some of the biggest in the whole Greece.
Rivers such as Aliakmon, Axios, Nestos, and Strymonas cross these valleys and drain into the Aegean Sea.
Prefectures and population
Macedonia, The Historical Profile of Northern Greece
Macedonia and Thrace region site
Region of Central Macedonia
Region of Western Macedonia
Region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
Subdivisions of Greece
The Holocene is the present geological epoch.
It is the second epoch of the Quaternary and the seventh of the Cainozoic.
It started around 11,000 years ago after the last ice age.
We are currently going through a non-ice age warm stage in Earth's history.
Holocene climatic optimum
The Holocene climatic optimum (HCO) was a warm period from about 9,000 to 5,000 years BP.
The interesting thing about this is, despite recent global warming, we are still below this warm period (see diagram).
The Holocene is also called the Recent epoch.
It is the second stage in the Quaternary period.
The Holocene marks the end of the previous series of ice ages in the Pleistocene.
It started about 11,700 years ago when the temperatures rose quickly from the previous level.
During the early Holocene, there were many extinctions amongst larger mammals.
This is because of human hunting and climate change.
At this time the Bering bridge connecting Russia and Alaska melted.
Also the land bridge between China and Japan melted (starting the Jōmon period), as well as many land bridges between islands in Southeast Asia.
Benthos: the flora and fauna found at the bottom of the sea or lake.
Covers quite a wide range of uses, for instance, animals in rock pools are benthic, though only a few inches below the surface.
In the ocean, used to contrast organisms in the sea depths (though not actually on the bottom), with plankton, living in the upper pelagic zone.
The problem is addressed by extending the pelagic zone down below the light to the bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones.
These terms, however, are mostly not used.
The pineapplefish, Cleidopus gloriamaris, is a species of fish.
It is also known as the knightfish or the coat-of-mail fish, due to the scales on its body.
Some people call it the port-and-starboard light fish, as it has a pair of bright spots that are like a ship's lights. "
Gloriamaris" is from the Latin language gloria and maris, means "glory of the sea".
The pineapplefish is found near Queensland, New South Wales, and Western Australia.
It lives at a depth of 6-200 meters (20-660 ft).
The pineapplefish is a member of the Pinecone fish family.
The pineapplefish is the largest Pinecone species, reaching up to  in length.
Naousa, former Naoussa, is a city in the region of Macedonia in Greece.
It is in the west part of Imathia prefecture.
Its population is 22.288 inhabitants and its area is 300,89 km².
Naousa is surrounded by orchards, producing peaches, apples, cherries and other fruits.
It has a long and rich history because there are many archaeological places there.
There is also the site of the ancient School of Aristotle where Alexander The Great studied moral philosophy, philosophy and politics.
Anastasios Michail (17th century-1722), theologian
Zisis Karademos(17th century-1705), armatolos, led a rebellion
Zafeirakis Theodosiou (18th century-1822), political leader
Apostolos Giannou Footballer
Polygyros is a city in the area of Macedonia in Greece.
It is the capital of the Chalkidiki prefecture and of the homonym municipality.
It is found on the foothill of mountain Cholomon.
It has a  population of 6,232 people and it has a total area is 470.933 square kilometers.
Broşteni is a town that is found in Suceava County in the country of Romania.
It has a population of about 11,900 people that live within a seven kilometer area of the city.
Jack Benny (born Benjamin Kubelsky; February 14, 1894 – December 26, 1974) was an American comedian and actor.
He was born in Chicago and grew up in Waukegan, Illinois.
His mother was a Lithuanian immigrant; his father was a Jewish immigrant from Poland.
From 1932 to 1955, Benny had a radio show.
The first title of the show was The Canada Dry Ginger Ale Program, but it was later called "The Jack Benny Program".
His television program was broadcast from 1950 to 1965.
Benny died of pancreatic cancer in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 80.
Southam is a small town in Warwickshire, England.
It is often mistaken for a village, but has been a town since medieval times.
The first battle in the English Civil War was in Southam.
In August 1642, small groups of soldiers from the opposing sides accidentally met at Southam, and in the fight some were killed.
They were on their way to Edge Hill, where the first big battle took place.
History books usually say Edge Hill was the first fight.
Later, King Charles I rode through the town and fined the people because they did not ring the church bells for him.
Later still, Oliver Cromwell, who slept in the Manor House (now a pharmacy).
In the 1600s, Southam was an important resting place for horse-drawn carriages, and even in recent times had an unusually large number of inns and public houses. (
Several have close in the past 20 years.)
A main road that Welsh sheep farmers ('drovers') used to travel to London passed through Southam.
The town was also at an important junction between Birmingham, Coventry, Daventry, Northampton, Banbury, Oxford, Leamington Spa and Warwick.
Southam never had a canal or railway built through it.
This meant that it remained a small town, while other places with canals and railways grew rapidly in the 1800s.
In recent years, a lot of new houses have been built, increasing the population from 2000 in 1950 to 8000+ in 2010.
There is a fine church, which dates from 1200.
It was extensively restored in Victorian times, but still has lots of medieval stone work.
The Manor House (now a pharmacy) is in the centre of the town.
In 2008, during routine maintenance, fine wood carvings were discovered under the plaster.
The carvings are of hearts and arrows, and are at least 300 years old.
The company that owns the building paid for the beautify work to be fully restored.
There are small industrial estates around the town, some with important businesses, including the computer games company .
There are plans for a large supermarket (Tesco or Sainsburys) to be built in the town.
While this would change the character of the town even more, it could benefit people who find the current small shops and supermarkets too expensive, and provide more people with work.
Some people do not want a supermarket, saying that other shops would close.
Robert Norman Reiner (born March 6, 1947) is an American actor, director, producer, and activist.
He acted in the All in the Family television series.
He directed movies, such as This Is Spinal Tap, The Princess Bride, When Harry Met Sally and The Bucket List.
Reiner was born to a Jewish family.
He is the elder son of Carl Reiner (1922-2020) and Estelle Reiner (née Lebost, 1914-2008).
He was born in the Bronx, New York City.
He lived in New Rochelle, New York during his childhood.
When he was 13, he moved to Los Angeles, California, where he attended high school and university.
Enter Laughing – Actor (1967)
Halls of Anger – Actor (1969)
– Actor (1970)
Summertree – Actor (1971)
Fire Sale – Actor (1977)
The Jerk – Actor (1979)
This Is Spinal Tap – Actor/Director/Writer (1984)
The Sure Thing – Director (1985)
Stand by Me – Director (1986)
The Princess Bride – Director/Producer (1987)
Throw Momma from the Train – Actor (1987)
When Harry Met Sally – Director/Producer (1989)
Postcards from the Edge – Actor (1990)
Misery – Actor/Director/Producer (1990)
A Few Good Men – Director/Producer (1992)
Sleepless in Seattle – Actor (1993)
North – Director/Producer (1994)
Bullets Over Broadway – Actor (1994)
For Better or Worse – Actor (1995)
The American President – Director/Producer (1995)
Bye Bye Love – Actor (1995)
Ghosts of Mississippi – Director/Producer (1996)
The First Wives Club – Actor (1996)
Primary Colors – Actor (1998)
EDtv – Actor (1999)
The Story of Us – Actor/Director/Producer (1999)
Alex & Emma – Actor/Director/Producer (2003)
Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star – Actor (2003)
Rumor Has It... – Director (2005)
Everyone's Hero – Voice Actor (2006)
The Bucket List – Director/Producer (2007)
Flipped – Director/Producer/Writer (2010)
The Magic of Belle Isle – Director/Producer (2012)
The Wolf of Wall Street – Actor (2013)
And So It Goes – Director/Producer (2014)
The Mothers-In-Law – The Director (1967)
Batman – Delivery Boy (1967)
The Smothers Brothers – Writer (1967)
The Andy Griffith Show – Copyboy (1967)
Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. – hippie considering the Marine Corps (1969)
The Beverly Hillbillies – Jethro's College protester friend (1969)
The Partridge Family – Snake (1971)
All in the Family – Michael Stivic (1971–1978)
The Super – Co-creator and writer (1972)
The Rockford Files – Larry 'King' Sturtevant (1974)
The Odd Couple – Sheldn, Myrna's boyfriend (no 'o' as stated many times in the show) (1974)
Free Country – Joseph Bresner (1978)
Archie Bunker's Place – Michael Stivic (1979)
Saturday Night Live – Himself (1975)
The $10,000 Pyramid – Guest as himself on debut week (1973)
Happy Days – Cowrote the first episode (1974)
Likely Stories: Vol.
1 – Director (1981)
Million Dollar Infield (1982)
It's Garry Shandling's Show – Appeared several times as himself, helping Garry to 'advance the plot' (1986–1990)
Morton & Hayes – Narrator (1991)
The Larry Sanders Show – Cameo playing himself in the episode "Doubt of the Benefit" (September 1994)
Curb Your Enthusiasm – Season 2, episode 5 (as himself) (2001)
The Simpsons – Guest-starred as himself in "Million Dollar Abie" (2006)
Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip – Guest-starred as himself (2006)
Hannah Montana – Guest-starred as himself (2009)
Wizards of Waverly Place – Guest-starred as himself (2009)
30 Rock – Guest-starred as himself (2010)
Real Time with Bill Maher – Guest (2010, 2012 and 2013)
New Girl – Bob Day (2012)
New Girl – Winston's Birthday (2013)
Rob Reiner's biography, awards, and milestones at Hollywood.com
Rob Reiner Archive of American Television Interview
American Foundation for Civil Rights at Wehoconfidential.com
Survivor: Borneo was the first season of the American reality show Survivor.
When it was first being shown, it was simply called Survivor but its official name has been changed to Survivor: Borneo, so viewers can tell which season they are watching.
Before the change to Survivor: Borneo, the season was known as Survivor: Pulau Tiga, but it was changed again to its current name so viewers would not get this season confused with the tenth season, Survivor: Palau.
The show began filming on March 31, 2000 and ended on April 20, 2000.
It was shown later that year on CBS.
It was set in the South China Sea on the Malaysian island of Pulau Tiga in the state of Sabah, about  off the north coast of Borneo, Malaysia.
The show became available on DVD on May 11, 2004.
At the beginning, the sixteen players were divided into two tribes, an orange tribe, Tagi, and a yellow tribe, Pagong, which the producers named after their beaches.
When ten players were left, the two tribes merged, becoming one tribe.
Players Sean Keniff and Jenna Lewis named the new tribe "Rattana".
After 39 days of playing, Richard Hatch was named the Sole Survivor, winning against Kelly Wiglesworth in a 4–3 jury vote.
In 2006, it was revealed that Hatch did not declare his winnings, among other earnings, in his tax return and was sentenced to 51 months in prison.
The Survivor: Borneo finale (last episode) got the highest ratings of any Survivor episode to date.
Richard Hatch, Jenna Lewis, Rudy Boesch, Susan Hawk and Colleen Haskell were asked to return in the eighth season of Survivor, Survivor: All-Stars.
Haskell was the only one who did not return, while Hatch, Lewis, Boesch and Hawk placed 14th, 3rd, 17th and 13th.
The game had sixteen players, divided into two tribes, Pagong and Tagi.
After six players were voted off, the tribes were combined, or merged, to make one tribe, Rattana.
Seven players made up the jury, who chose who would win the game, and the $1 million prize.
The Total Votes is the number of votes a player got during Tribal Councils where the player is able to be voted out of the game.
It does not count the votes they got during the final Tribal Council.
If more than one tribe or player wins reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically if it was teamwork, or if one player won and invited others, the players they invited are in brackets.
The first challenge was a combined reward/immunity challenge.
The winning team got immunity and waterproof matches.
Sometime between day four and six, a reward challenge took place that was not shown on TV.
The challenge involved holding weight on poles.
Richard held the weight for Tagi, as Joel for Pagong.
The reward was a map to a closer water hole.
The final four vote was tied with Richard and Sue each getting two votes.
In the tie-breaker vote, Rudy voted for Sue again while Kelly changed her vote from Richard to Sue.
There was no reward challenge because of the tribal merge.
Richard and Susan were not able to vote in the second Tribal Council vote.
Official CBS Survivor Borneo Website
Vermont is a town of Dane County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States.
839 people were living in Vermont as of 2000.
Vermont has a total area of 35.8 square miles, according to the United States Census Bureau.
Town of Vermont, Wisconsin website
The rastacap (also called a rastafar or toppa) is a tall, knitted, round cap, which is often brightly coloured.
It comes from Jamaica and Barbados and is commonly thought of as a Rastafarian hat.
Amphicoelias was a genus of sauropod dinosaur, which may have included the largest dinosaur ever discovered (A. fragillimus).
If it truly existed, A. fragillimus would be the longest vertebrate by a considerable margin, and it would have a mass that rivals the heaviest animal known, the blue whale.
However, because the only fossil evidence for its existence was lost shortly after being discovered in the 1870s, evidence survives only in drawings, and doubt has been expressed about their accuracy.
Corneille Jean François Heymans (March 28, 1892 - July 18, 1968) was an Belgian doctor.
He won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discoveries about how breathing is regulated.
Christina Applegate (born November 25, 1971) is an American actress.
She was born in Hollywood, California, the daughter of record producer Robert Applegate and singer-actress Nancy Priddy (born 1941).
Many people know her from playing the role of Kelly Bundy in the television series Married... with Children between 1987 and 1997.
She has appeared in the television series, Samantha Who?,
and in the movie Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy.
|1999||rowspan="2"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|2000||1||0||0||0||2||0||3||0
|2001||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0
|2002||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|2002||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||4||0||1||0||0||0||5||0
|2007||rowspan="2"|Kariya||rowspan="2"|Football League||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
Osmar Aparecido de Azevedo (born 23 July 1980) is a Brazilian football player.
He plays for Ipatinga.
|2004||rowspan="2"|Palmeiras||rowspan="2"|Série A||18||11
|2005||Grêmio||Série B||0||0
|2005/06||Monarcas Morelia||Primera División||13||3
|2006||Oita Trinita||J. League 1||11||3
|2006||Fortaleza||Série A||5||0
|2007||Palmeiras||Série A||1||1
|2008||rowspan="2"|Ipatinga||Série A||0||0
Kim Dong-Hyun (born 20 May 1984) is a South Korean professional athlete.