the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In July 2012, he became the first artist to reach 60 million likes on Facebook.
Eminem is also an NFL fan, and supports the Detroit Lions and the Dallas Cowboys.
On June 3, 2000, Eminem was arrested during an altercation at a car-audio store in Royal Oak, Michigan.
He pulled out an unloaded gun and pointed it at the ground.
The next day, in Warren, Michigan, he was arrested again for assaulting John Guerra and hitting him with a gun when he saw him kissing his wife.
He was charged with possession of a concealed weapon and assault.
In December 2003, the U.S. Secret Service reported that it was "looking into" accusations that Eminem threatened U.S. President George W. Bush in "We As Americans" when he said  these lyrics: "Fuck money, I don't rap for dead presidents.
I'd rather see the president dead, it's never been said but I set precedents."
Eminem has spoken publicly about his addiction to prescription drugs, including Vicodin, Ambien, and Valium.
In 2001, he said he believed to have been suffering from Tourette's syndrome.
He revealed that he was taking up to 60 Valium and 30 Vicodin pills every day, and that doctors told him he was two hours away from dying at one point.
In December 2007, Eminem overdosed on methadone.
He fell on his bathroom floor while urinating and needed to be hospitalized.
Due to this, he couldn't spend Christmas break with his kids.
He was sent home a few days later, but was readmitted to the hospital again with a torn meniscus that required surgery.
He got surgery in the following days and was released.
A few days later, he was readmitted to the hospital again, this time with a seizure.
Speaking about his addiction, he said, "In seven months I was able to accomplish more than I could accomplish in three or four years of doing drugs."
During his heavy drug use period, he revealed that he gained 80 pounds, and was going to McDonald's and Taco Bell every day.
He said, "I remember being somewhere and hearing these kids talking.
One of them said, 'That’s Eminem,' and the other said, 'No, it’s not, man – Eminem ain’t fat.'
I was like, Motherfucker.
That’s when I knew I was getting heavy."
He also said that Elton John was the person who helped him the most with his recovery and that Elton John called him once a week to check on him.
Infinite (1996)
The Slim Shady LP (1999)
The Marshall Mathers LP (2000)
The Eminem Show (2002)
Encore (2004)
Relapse (2009)
Recovery (2010)
The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (2013)
Revival (2017)
Kamikaze (2018)
Music to Be Murdered By (2020)
American rappers
Rap musicians from Missouri
American record producers
People from St. Joseph, Missouri
Singers from Missouri
Bratwurst is a dish of German origin.
It is a type of sausage.
It is composed of pork or beef, and sometimes veal.
Where the word comes from
Bratwurst is a sausage in German cuisines, from Old High German brätwurst, from brät which is a derivative of the Old High German word "brato". "
Brato" originally meant hacked meat, intestines.
The other part of the word is wurst which means sausage.
Where the sausage comes from
Major Types of German Bratwurst
There are many different kinds of these sausages.
All are special in their own way:
Coburger Bratwurst: A Bratwurst originating in the city of Coburg in Bavaria.
It is made from a minimum of 15% veal or beef, and its seasonings include only salt, pepper, nutmeg, and lemon zest.
It is coarse in texture and measures about 10 inches in length.
Traditionally it is grilled over pinecones and served in a bread roll (Brötchen).
Fränkische Bratwurst: A relatively long (4-8 inches), thick, coarse sausage, originating from the Franconia (Franken) region in Bavaria.
It dates back to 1573.
The Fränkische Bratwurst is traditionally served with sauerkraut or potato salad, but with no mustard.
Kulmbacher Bratwurst: The Kulmbacher Bratwurst, from the city of Kulmbach in Bavaria, is made mainly from finely ground veal.
They are long and thin.
Nürnberger Rostbratwurst: A small, thin bratwurst from the city of Nürnberg.
It is no longer than 3-4 inches and weighs no more than 1 oz.
They are traditionally served is sets of 6 or 12 (depending on your appetite) with horseradish and sauerkraut or potato salad.
Nordhessische Bratwurst: The Nordhessische Bratwurst (from Northern Hessen) is similar to the Thüringer Rostbratwurst in taste.
It measures around 8 inches in length.
Traditionally, it is grilled over a wood fire and served on a cut-open roll (Brötchen) with mustard.
Rote Wurst: The Rote Wurst is a favorite Bratwurst of the Swabian region.
It is similar to the Bockwurst, and is made from finely ground pork and bacon.
Its taste is spicy.
To prevent splitting during grilling or pan frying, an X is cut into the ends of the sausage.
The ends open during cooking, but the rest of the sausage remains in tact, giving it its traditional shape.
Thüringer Rostbratwurst: The Thüringer Rostbratwurst is a spicy sausage from Thüringen.
It is long (6-8 inches) and thin in shape.
Traditionally, it is grilled over a wood fire and eaten with mustard and bread.
Würzburger Bratwurst: The Würzburger Bratwurst, also known as the Winzerbratwurst, comes from the city of Würzburg.
It's size is similar to the Thüringer Rostbratwurst, but its ingredients include white Franken wine.
A "Bratwurst meal" often is eaten with sauerkraut, mashed potatoes and roasted onions.
Sometimes, it is also served with a potato sauce, or a potato salad.
How the sausage is prepared
Today, most kinds of Bratwurst are prepared by roasting them.
Depending on the kind of Bratwurst, it may have been cooked beforehand.
Sausages that use raw meat, and that are not roasted or cooked before they are eaten are usually not called Bratwurst.
How people eat the sausage
The sausage is usually eaten with a hot or sweet German mustard or sliced and eaten as Currywurst.
Sometimes, some hot French mustard is served as well.
Bratwurst is almost always served with a hard German roll and usually accompanied by a beer.
It is a popular snack in German-speaking countries, where it is sold at various fast food outlets and is often consumed while standing.
Bratwurst in the US
In the United States, bratwurst are usually eaten with bread (a hot dog bun or a hardroll, for example) and topped with mustard and/or many of the other condiments often eaten with hot dogs, including onions (grilled and/or raw), relish, sauerkraut, etc.
The bratwurst is occasionally eaten with a pair of brat links nestled in a buttered hardroll with these same toppings, which is called a 'double brat'.
They are especially popular in areas of the US where German-Americans settled in large numbers, like Sheboygan, Wisconsin, which is informally known as the Bratwurst Capital of the World because of the city and county's very strong German roots and connections to bratwurst.
Johnsonville Foods, the nation's largest bratwurst maker, is based in the nearby unincorporated village of Johnsonville.
The city also celebrates Sheboygan Bratwurst Days, a community festival held on the first Thursday-Saturday of August each year that celebrates the bratwurst.
Other traditional Wisconsin brat manufacturers include Klement's Sausage Company and Usinger's, both of which are based in Milwaukee.
The city of Madison, Wisconsin, holds an annual festival billed as the World's Largest Brat Fest.
The four-day charity event sees tens of thousands of brats sold by "celebrity" cashiers, usually local television, radio, and government personalities.
Brat Fest's self-proclaimed world record is 189,432 brats consumed during the 2004 event.
Another town with German-American roots associated with bratwurst is Bucyrus, Ohio, which is known for its unique recipe incorporating fennel.
It holds a bratwurst festival annually in mid-August attracting over 100,000 visitors annually.
Bratwurst(s) is/are often simply called brat(s).
German food
800813 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.
It was the last year of the aughts 1900s.
March 31 – Construction of the RMS Titanic is started
April 6 – Robert Peary arrived in the north pole.
April – The Adana massacre takes place in the Ottoman city of Adana
June 29 – Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia
The first model of the Model T is sold
The pH scale is developed.
Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss doctor, won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
January 13 – Danny Barker, American musician (d. 1994)
February 9 – Carmen Miranda, Brazilian singer and actress (d. 1955)
March 20 – Juliana of the Netherlands (d. 2004)
May 27 – Dolores Hope, American singer
June 6 – Isaiah Berlin, Latvian philosopher and educator (d. 1997)
June 10 – Errol Flynn, American actor (d. 1959)
August 10 – Leo Fender, American guitar maker (d. 1991)
August 26 – Sylvère Maes, Belgian cyclist (d. 1966)
September 21 – Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana (d. 1972)
Dokaji Abubakar, Nigerian politician
Dauda Adegbenro, Nigerian politician (d. 1975)
February 17 – Geronimo, Native American leader (b. 1829)
December 17 – Léopold II of Belgium, King of Belgium (b. 1835)
January 12 – Hermann Minkowski, German mathematician (b. 1864)
June 2 – Michel Fokine's Les Sylphides premieres in Paris.
It stars Nijinsky and Anna Pavlova
It is known for its mixed culture, a product of both Mayan and Spanish cultures, from the colonial period.
Guatemala is known for its ever-changing weather, a product of the mountain range which crosses the center of the country.
Guatemala has many languages, a total of 23.
Because of its natural beauty, it is a popular tourist destination.
The capital of Guatemala is Guatemala City.
The country suffers from extreme poverty, corruption, drug trafficking, and discrimination.
Guatemala is the world's largest producer and exporter of cardamom.
It is considered to be a third world country.
It is the country with the largest population in Central America.
Its neighbors are the countries Belize, Mexico, El Salvador and Honduras.
More than fourteen million people live in the 22 Guatemalan departments.
Most of the population is made up of mestizo (mixed race) people, who are a combination of Native and European people.
Mestizo people make up 40% of the population.
Native Mayan people make up 49% of the total population, while 9% are direct descendants of Spanish and German people.
Black people (including some others), make up 2% of population.
Most people believe that Guatemala City was the first choice for the capital city, but the capital was moved several times.
This was caused by natural disasters.
The first city was destroyed when the volcano Volcan de Agua erupted, forcing the move to what today is called Antigua Guatemala.
This city was destroyed by earthquakes.
Finally, the capital was moved to what we know as Guatemala City.
Guatemala Map
Guatemala photos
The Aztecs built Tenochtitlan around 1325, right on a lake called Lake Texcoco.
As the Empire grew, so did Tenochtitlan.
Center of the Aztec Empire
Tenochtitlan was the center of the Aztec government and religion.
It was also a very big trading center.
When the Spanish arrived in 1519, they guessed that 60,000 people came to the market in Tenochtitlan every day.
People bought and sold many things there, including slaves (prisoners of war from states the Aztecs had taken over).
The entire city was decorated with art, architecture, and stone sculptures.
The Great Temple
The city had a huge pyramid called the Templo Mayor (Great Temple).
At the top of the Temple, there were two small rooms.
In these rooms, the Aztecs sacrificed people to two of their most important gods: Huitzilopochtli, the god of war and the sun, and Tlaloc, the rain god.
The Aztecs believed that if they did not feed their gods blood, the gods would wither and die, causing the end of the world as they knew it.
The Aztecs had created canals all across the city.
By bringing water to Aztec crops, these canals made it possible for the Aztecs to grow much more food than they normally could have.
The Aztecs had also made levees to protect the city from flooding, and reservoirs for fresh water.
The Aztecs also built chinampas (small rectangular crops floating on lake beds) so that they could create more food to feed the thousands of people who lived around Tenochtitlan.
In addition, they built waterways and dams so that they could receive fresh water, and block out the salty brackish water.
Fall of Tenochtitlan
In 1519, Spanish conquistadores led by Hernan Cortes arrived in Tenochtitlan.
Cortes was impressed with the city, but still decided to attack it.
The Spanish and their Tlaxcalan allies invaded Tenochtitlan, and the city fell in 1521.
Cities in Mexico
1325 establishments
14th-century establishments in Mexico
1521 disestablishments
Disestablishments in Mexico
The Eurovision Song Contest is a song contest run by the European Broadcasting Union that started in 1956.
Different singers representing countries in Europe compete every year.
Past famous winners include ABBA (1974), Céline Dion (1988), Lordi (2006), Loreen (2012), Duncan Laurence (2019) and Måneskin (2021).
The Eurovision Song Contest 2020 was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
This is the first time the contest was cancelled.
It was replaced by a replacement show called Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light, It showed the selected entries in place of the Grand Final on 16 May 2020
List of winners
In 1969 four countries were joint winners as there was no rule for a tie.
Cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Replaced by a programme called Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light.
Eurovision.tv - the official website of the Eurovision Song Contest
ebu.ch - the official website of the European Broadcasting Union
The Official Eurovision Shop - Selection of Eurovision items
The Eurovision History - National Finals & Eurovision Entries
1956 establishments in Europe
Malleability is a substance's ability to deform under pressure (compressive stress).
If malleable, a material may be flattened into thin sheets by hammering or rolling.
Malleable materials can be flattened into metal leaf.
One well-known type of metal leaf is gold leaf.
Many metals with high malleability also have high ductility.
Some do not; for example lead has low ductility but high malleability.
Malleability is a physical property of matter, usually metals.
The property usually applies to the family groups 1 to 12 on the modern periodic table of elements.
It is the ability of a solid to bend or be hammered into other shapes without breaking.
Examples of malleable metals are gold, iron, aluminum, copper, silver, and lead.
Gold and silver are highly malleable.
When a piece of hot iron is hammered it takes the shape of a sheet.
The property is not seen in non-metals.
Non-malleable metals may break apart when struck by a hammer.
Malleable metals usually bend and twist in various shapes.
Gay is a word used to describe someone who is homosexual.
Today, the word usually means a person who is sexually attracted to people of the same sex.
Often that person is also romantically interested in people of the same sex.
A gay person can be a male who likes other males or a female who likes other females.
The word "gay" can mean any homosexual person, but sometimes it is used just for homosexual men.
In that case, homosexual women are called "lesbian" instead.
Sometimes, people use the word "queer" to mean the same thing as "gay" when talking about sexuality.
People who don't like gay people are called homophobes (or homophobic.)
Some people are homophobes because of how they were brought up as a child.
Some might belong to a religion that believes homosexuality is not okay.
Gay man
The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation
Potsdam (Low Sorbian: Podstupim) is a small German city which is right next to Berlin.
In fact it touches the border of Berlin, and is about 26 km southwest of Berlin's centre.
It is the capital of the state of Brandenburg.
Potsdam has a small population: about 176,000 people lived in this city in 2017.
On the other hand, it is the largest World Heritage site in Germany.
Potsdam was a residence of the Prussian kings and the German Kaiser until 1918.
It was planned in the Age of Enlightenment with a careful balance of architecture and landscape.
Potsdam was intended as "a picturesque, pastoral dream" which would remind its people of their relationship with nature and reason.
Around the city there are a series of lakes and cultural landmarks.
The parks and palaces of Sanssouci are the centre of the  World Heritage Site.
The Soviet Union did not return many of the Potsdam art treasures, and they remain to this day in Russia.
The library of Frederick the Great was returned, but only 36 oil paintings.
Bremen is a city in north Germany.
It is the capital of the State of Bremen.
About 545,000 live in Bremen.
The city's official name today includes the name Hansestadt (hanseatic city) in memory of its history, where it has been important part in the hanseatic league.
The architecture of the city and the region as well is influenced by this historic period.
Ports and harbours of Germany
Wiesbaden (; Hessian: Wisbade, Latin: Aquae Mattiacae)  is a German city near Frankfurt am Main.
It is the capital of the federal state of Hesse.
Wiesbaden is on the right (north) bank of the Rhine (German: "Rhein"), near the city of Mainz (about  away from Wiesbaden centre) the opposite side of the river, and a short distance, about , from Frankfurt am Main, to the east.
About 274,000 people live in the city (2005).
Wiesbaden has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Hanover (German: Hannover) is a German city.
It is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony.
Hanover has 522,944 inhabitants (1 February 2007).
There are some very big fairs in Hanover like the CeBIT - Centre of Office, Information and Telecommunication (B is for Büro that means office) and the traditional Hanover fair that shows classical industrial products.
Hanover has a large forest near the inner city, it is called the Eilenriede.
There is also a lake (the Maschsee) of about three km length and 500 m width near the city centre.
The famous gardens of Herrenhausen (Herrenhäuser Gärten) are also in Hanover.
The gardens were heavily destroyed in WWII, but they are currently under reconstruction.
The mayor of the city is Stefan Weil who followed Herbert Schmalstieg in 2006.
Both are from the social democratic party SPD.
The city has been administered by social democratic city councils since the 1950s.
The (new) town hall is one of the famous buildings in the city, others are the Marktkirche (market church), the old (medieval) town hall, some castles like the Leineschloss and the Welfenschloss.
The classic rock band Scorpions, the former German chancellor Gerhard Schröder and the association football player Per Mertesacker.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover (Hanover University)
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (Hanover Medical University)
Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (Hanvover Veterinary School)
Hochschule für Musik und Theatre Hannover (Hanover Music and Theater University)
Fachhochschule Hannover (University of Applied Sciences)
Evangelische Fachhochschule Hannover (a Christian University of Applied Sciences - for social science.
Hanover is the 11th largest city in Germany by population within city limits.
According to 2005.
estimate Hanover urban area had 766,000 inhabitants and today that population counts around 777,000 inhabitants (by 2008.
estimate).
Hanover metropolitan area has 1,129,000 inhabitants.
Hanover has a famous football club, Hannover 96, since 2002 (again) a member of the first German football league, the Bundesliga.
Its home stadium is the AWD-Arena (capacity: 49000).
Hanover is also a center for ice hockey.
Düsseldorf ((, , ; Low Franconian and Ripuarian: Düsseldörp ; archaic , Latin: Dusseldorpium) is a German city.
It is on the east bank of the river Rhine.
It is the capital of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Düsseldorf has about 600,000 inhabitants.
About 1.3 million people live in the city and surrounding areas.
The city has one international airport, a university, and the headquarters of many international companies.
In the 7th or 8th century there was a fishing or farming settlement at the place where the little river Dussel (which gave the name to the city) flows into the Rhine.
Kaiserswerth is the first part of the city to be mentioned in writing.
This was in 1135.
Kaiserswerth became part of Düsseldorf in 1927.
On 14th of August 1288 there was a great battle between the Archbishop of Cologne and the Duke of Limburg against the Duke of Brabant and the Count of Berg.
The Duke of Brabant won and the Archbishop of Cologne became a prisoner of the Count of Berg.
So he could not do anything against Düsseldorf getting the status of a city.
So Düsseldorf became a city with full City Rights in 1288.
in 1680 the Dukes of Berg-Kleve-Mark-Jülich died out and after some struggles the Earls of Palatine (they were Prince-Electors) became the new rulers of Düsseldorf.
The most important duke of this line was Johann Wilhelm II. (
1690-1716), called Jan Wellem.
After Johann Wilhelm the Dukes moved to their new seat in Heidelberg, because they also got to rule the Duchy of Bavaria.
In the Napoleonic Wars the French won the Duchy and Düsseldorf.
Napoleon gave the Duchy of Berg-Jülich to one of his generals, who married one of his nieces.
This general became later King of Naples.
In the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century Düsseldorf grew a lot and had more than 100,000 inhabitants in 1882.
This number had doubled by 1892.
Düsseldorf was almost completely destroyed in World War II.
In 1946 Düsseldorf became capital of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Düsseldorf is one of the most important commercial centres in Germany.
It has an International Airport, which is the 3rd largest in Germany (after Frankfurt and Munich) with more than 16,000,000 passengers per year.
The airport offers 180 destinations on 4 continents, and is served by 70 airlines.
Düsseldorf has two stations in the German high speed train network (Intercity, ICE) - its Central Station and the Airport Station.
The Main Station offers international trains to the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Switzerland, too.
North Rhine-Westphalia has the closest network of motorways in Europe.
Düsseldorf is one of the crosspoints.
Düsseldorf is joined to the interstate motorways A3, A44, A46, A52, A57, A59 and A524.
Düsseldorf is one of the most important economical centres in Germany.
It has a regional stock exchange.
Two of the four leading mobile phone companies of Germany have their seat in Düsseldorf like 18 internet providers and more than 400 advertising agencies.
Düsseldorf is one of the European centres of fashion industry and has one of the most important trading shows.
Düsseldorf is one of the cultural centres in Germany.
The poet Heinrich Heine was born in Düsseldorf in 1797.
The classical musicians and composers Clara and Robert Schumann lived most of their lifetime in Düsseldorf and the romantic composer Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy spent two years in the town in the mid-1830s.
The Arts Academy of Düsseldorf is very famous.
The modern artist Paul Klee and the modern sculptor Joseph Beuys worked there.
Düsseldorf has a lot of museums, especially for Arts of the 20th and the 21st century.
Most important is the Arts Collection of North Rhine-Westphalia. "
Kraftwerk", the first techno band worldwide and the punk rock band Die Toten Hosen come from Düsseldorf, too.
Düsseldorf has a university, the Heinrich-Heine-University with nearly all subjects in mathematics, sciences, philosophy, history, languages, economy, law, and medicine.
Düsseldorf has also a university of applied sciences, the Fachhochschule Düsseldorf.
These two institutes have almost 30.000 students.
The Clara und Robert Schumann Musikschule is a well-known college for classical music education.
There is one technical college and a lot of other colleges, too.
The traditional sport in Germany is football (soccer).
For a long time Fortuna Düsseldorf 1895, the most traditional football team in Düsseldorf (est.
1895), was very successful and won, for example, the European Cup, after one year back in the Bundesliga Fortuna went down to the German 2nd division in 2013.
Education in Düsseldorf
Famous people who lived in Düsseldorf
Heinrich Heine, poet
Clara Schumann, composer and pianist
Robert Schumann, composer and pianist
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, composer
Konrad Henkel, founder of the Henkel Company
Joseph Beuys, performance artist
Jürgen Mittelstrass, philosopher
Wim Wenders, movie maker
Die Toten Hosen, punk rock band
Liú Yángyáng (Yang Yang), kpop artist
Website of the City of Düsseldorf
Website of the Technical College of Düsseldorf
Mainz (Palatine German: Määnz or Meenz, Latin: Mogontiacum) is a German city.
It is the capital of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Mainz is on the left side of the river Rhine, on the right side is the city Wiesbaden.
Mainz has about 203,000 people.
Its main economic product is wine.
Catholic University of Applied Sciences Mainz
Official Homepage of Mainz (in english)
Kiel () is a city in the north of Germany.
It is the capital of the state of Schleswig-Holstein.
It has a population of 239,526 people.
It is a port on the sea and has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea
Frankfurt am Main in Hesse
Frankfurt (Oder) in Brandenburg
Grand Duchy of Frankfurt, which existed from 1810 to 1813; its center was Aschaffenburg
the Free City of Frankfurt, which was one of four city states in the German Confederation.
It existed from 1816 to 1866.
Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt (1815-1945)
Frankfurt (Bezirk), was one of forteen Administrative divisions of East Germany.
It existed from 1952 to 1989.
Frankfort, Kentucky, the capital of Kentucky, USA
Harry Frankfurt, born 1929, US philiosopher
Suzie Frankfurt,1931-2005, US designer and artist
Fred McFeely Rogers (March 20, 1928 – February 27, 2003) was an American television personality, musician, puppeteer, writer, producer, and Presbyterian minister.
He was known as the creator, composer, producer, head writer, and host of the preschool television series Mister Rogers' Neighborhood from 1968 until his retirement in 2001.
Rogers was not happy with the television shows that children were seeing.
He began to write and perform local Pittsburgh-area shows for children.
In 1968, Eastern Educational Television Network began nationwide distribution of Rogers's new show on WQED.
For thirty years, Rogers became a television icon of children's entertainment and education.
Rogers supported many public causes.
In the Betamax case, the U.S. Supreme Court used Rogers's testimony before a lower court in favor of fair-use television show recording.
Rogers also testified before a U.S. Senate committee to support government funding of children's television.
In August 2001, Rogers retired from recording Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
In October 2002, he was diagnosed with stomach cancer and died from the disease a few months later on February 27, 2003, less than a month before his 75th birthday.
Rogers was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush, forty honorary degrees, and a Peabody Award.
He was added into the Television Hall of Fame.
He was listed number 35 of the TV Guide's Fifty Greatest TV Stars of All Time.
The Smithsonian Institution has one of his sweaters as a "Treasure of American History".
Rogers was born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania to James Rogers and Nancy McFeely.
His mother came from a rich Pittsburgh family and also was a hospital volunteer during and after World War II.
His grandfather from his mother's side, Fred McFeely, was the president of McFeely Brick, one of Latrobe's largest businesses.
Rogers grew up in a large brick mansion at 737 Weldon Street in Latrobe.
He had an adopted sister, Elaine.
Rogers spent much of his free time with his grandfather McFeely, who loved music.
Rogers began to play the piano when he was five and sang with his mother.
When growing up, Rogers was shy and overweight.
He was home schooled many times because of his asthma.
Rogers had a hard time making friends and would be bullied many times as a little boy for his weight, often called "Fat Freddy".
During his high school years in Latrobe, Rogers became more confident and popular.
Rogers was president of the student council, a member of the National Honor Society and was editor-in-chief of the yearbook.
He graduated in 1946.
He studied at Dartmouth College from 1946 until 1948 and then went on at Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida to earn a BA in music composition in 1951.
While studying at Rollins, Rogers met Sara Joanne Byrd who was from Oakland, Florida.
They were married on June 9, 1952.
They had two sons: James, in 1959, and John, in 1961.
Joanne Rogers died in January 2021, aged 92.
Rogers graduated from Pittsburgh Theological Seminary and was ordained a minister of the United Presbyterian Church in 1963.
Rogers returned to Pittsburgh in the 1960s.
Rogers entered seminary after college but wanted to work with television.
In an interview with CNN, Rogers said, "I went into television because I hated it so, and I thought there's some way of using this fabulous instrument to nurture those who would watch and listen".
He applied for a job at NBC in New York City in 1951.
He first worked as an assistant producer, and later as a network floor director on musical programs such as Your Hit Parade, The Kate Smith Hour, and The Voice of Firestone.
He also worked on Gabby Hayes's children's show.
Rogers left NBC because he did not approve of the agency using children for advertisement.
He began working as a puppeteer on the local children's show The Children's Corner for Pittsburgh public television station WQED in 1954.
The show won a Sylvania Award for best children's show and was broadcast nationally on NBC.
Rogers studied theology at the nearby Pittsburgh Theological Seminary during his lunch breaks.
However, he did not want to go into preaching and was told to continue making children's television after his ordination.
He worked with the University of Pittsburgh's child development and care program.
In 1963, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) hired Rogers to create the 15-minute children's program Misterogers.
Rogers moved to Toronto and the series ran for three seasons.
Three years later, Rogers moved back to the United States.
In 1966, Rogers got the rights to his program from the CBC and moved the show to WQED in Pittsburgh, where he had worked on The Children's Corner.
Mister Rogers' Neighborhood began in 1968 and ran for 895 episodes.
It aired on National Educational Television, which later became The Public Broadcasting Service.
The last set of new episodes was taped in December 2000 and began airing in August 2001.
By 1985, eight percent of people living in the United States watched the show.
The program always started with Rogers coming home, singing his theme song "Won't You Be My Neighbor?".
He would then change into sneakers and a zippered cardigan sweater.
The sweaters were all knitted by his mother.
In his show, Rogers would always go on trips, teach new things and show short movies on "Picture, Picture".
Each episode included a trip to Rogers's "Neighborhood of Make-Believe" with a trolley, a castle, and the kingdom's citizens, including King Friday XIII.
Rogers always fed his aquarium fish during episodes.
He would always say this to his audience he was feeding them because he received a letter from a young blind girl who wanted to know each time he did this.
The program would end with Rogers winging "It's Such a Good Feeling".
Rogers believed not to act differently when he was being filmed to how he acted normally.
He said that "One of the greatest gifts you can give anybody is the gift of your honest self.
I also believe that kids can spot a phony a mile away".
Rogers wrote almost all of the music on the program.
He wanted to teach children to love themselves and others, and he talked about common childhood fears with comforting songs.
He once took a trip to a children's hospital to show children that a hospital is not a place to fear.
Rogers would talk about social issues on his program including the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, racism and divorce.
One famous episode, Rogers soaked his feet with Officer Clemmons (François Clemmons), who was African-American, in a kiddie pool on a hot day.
The scene was a message of inclusion during a time when racial segregation in the United States was common.
Rogers was also known for having children with disabilities on his show.
In a 1981 episode, Rogers met a young quadriplegic boy, Jeff Erlanger, who showed how his electric wheelchair worked and explained why he needed it.
Erlanger and Rogers both sang a duet of the song "It's You I Like".
Before the taping, Erlanger had long been a fan of the program, and his parents wrote a letter to Rogers asking if they could meet.
"You've made this day a special day, by just your being you.
There's no person in the whole world like you; and I like you just the way you are"
Rogers never talked about his religious beliefs on the show because he did not want any viewer to feel ignored from the show.
During the Gulf War, he comforted his audience that all children in the neighborhood would be well cared for.
Rogers asked parents to promise to take care of their children.
In 1990, members of the Ku Klux Klan in Missouri played racist versions of Rogers's songs and this caused Rogers to file a lawsuit against the White supremacy group.
A district court judge in Missouri ordered the Ku Klux Klan to stop using Rogers's songs and to give any records they have to Rogers saying the group had committed copyright infringement.
After the September 11 terrorist attacks, Rogers taped public service announcements for parents about how to discuss tragic world news events with their children.
He told viewers to "look for the helpers".
The quote continues to go viral following tragic news events.
Rogers said in the public service announcement,
"When I was a boy and I would see scary things in the news, my mother would say to me, 'Look for the helpers.
You will always find people who are helping.'
To this day, especially in times of "disaster," I remember my mother's words and I am always comforted by realizing that there are still so many helpers – so many caring people in this world"
PBS funding
In 1969, Rogers appeared before the United States Senate Subcommittee on Communications.
His goal was to ask the Senate to support funding for PBS and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, because proposed budget cuts.
In about six minutes of testimony, Rogers spoke of the need for social and emotional education that public television gave.
He argued that other television programming like his Neighborhood helped encourage children to become happy citizens.
The chairman of the subcommittee, John O. Pastore, did not know Rogers or his work and was sometimes said to be impatient.
However, after Rogers, Pastore said that the testimony had given him goosebumps, and said, "I think it's wonderful.
Looks like you just earned the $20 million".
The Senate would soon increase PBS funding from $9 million to $22 million.
Role in Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
During the issues of households being able to record television programs with a VCR grew, Rogers was active in supporting VCR companies in court.
His 1979 testimony, in the case Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., Rogers said he was not against home recordings of his television programs because families could watch them together at a later time.
When the case reached the Supreme Court in 1983, the majority decision thought about the testimony Rogers gave.
The court found that the Betamax video recorder did not commit copyright violations.
The court said that his views were an important piece of evidence "that many [television] producers are willing to allow private time-shifting to continue".
In 1978, while taking a break from taping new Neighborhood episodes, Rogers hosted an interview program for adults on PBS called Old Friends...New Friends.
On the show, Rogers interviewed "actors, sports stars, politicians, and poets".
The show was lasted only 20 episodes.
In 1988, he appeared on the Soviet children's television show Good Night, Little Ones!
where he brought his puppet Daniel Striped Tiger with him.
The only time Rogers appeared on television as someone other than himself was in 1996 when he played a preacher on one episode of Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman.
Rogers voiced himself on the "Arthur Meets Mister Rogers" episode of the PBS Kids series Arthur.
Rogers had an apartment in New York City and a summer home on Nantucket Island in Massachusetts.
Rogers was red–green color blind.
He had a healthy lifestyle as he swam every morning and neither smoked nor drank.
He was a vegetarian because he believed eating meat was wrong, saying "I don't want to eat anything that has a mother".
Despite popular rumors, he never served in the military as a Navy SEAL during the Vietnam War and never had tattoos.
In 1991, the Pittsburgh Penguins named Rogers as their celebrity captain, as part of a celebration of the National Hockey League's 75th anniversary.
Card No.
297 from the 1992 NHL Platinum collection celebrated the event, making Rogers one of only twelve celebrity captains to be chosen for a sports card.
In 1992, he was awarded the Peabody Award.
He was added into the Television Hall of Fame in 1999.
In an interview with Rogers' friend William Hirsch, Rogers said that if sexuality was measured on a scale, then: "Well, you know, I must be right smack in the middle.
Because I have found women attractive, and I have found men attractive," leading some readers to describe Rogers as bisexual.
By the summer of 2002 his constant stomach pain had become painful enough for him to see a doctor about it, and in October 2002 he was diagnosed with stomach cancer.
He had surgery on January 6, 2003, which was unsuccessful.
A week earlier, he was grand marshal of the Tournament of Roses Parade, with Art Linkletter and Bill Cosby.
Rogers died on the morning of February 27, 2003 after slipping into a coma, at his home in Pittsburgh.
His wife was by his side when he died.
He died less than a month before he would have turned 75.
More than 2,700 people went to his memorial service at Heinz Hall.
Honorary guests included former Good Morning America host David Hartman, Teresa Heinz Kerry, philanthropist Elsie Hillman, PBS President Pat Mitchell, Arthur creator Marc Brown, and The Very Hungry Caterpillar author-illustrator Eric Carle.
Speakers remembered Rogers for his love of children, devotion to his religion, love for music, and humor.
Teresa Heinz Kerry said of Rogers, "He never condescended, just invited us into his conversation.
He spoke to us as the people we were, not as the people others wished we were".
Rogers is buried at Unity Cemetery in Latrobe.
Legacy and honors
President George W. Bush awarded Rogers the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002 for his works to children's education.
He said that "Fred Rogers has proven that television can soothe the soul and nurture the spirit and teach the very young".
In 2003, the United States Senate passed Resolution 16 to celebrate the life of Rogers.
Following Rogers' death, the U.S. House of Representatives in 2003 passed Resolution 111 honoring Rogers for "his legendary service to the improvement of the lives of children, his steadfast commitment to demonstrating the power of compassion, and his dedication to spreading kindness through example".
On New Year's Day 2004, Michael Keaton, who worked on stage on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood before becoming an actor, hosted the PBS TV special Fred Rogers: America's Favorite Neighbor.
His hometown of Latrobe and Pittsburgh host "Won't You Wear a Sweater Day" to honor Rogers.
The event takes place annually on his birth date, March 20.
In 2003, the asteroid 26858 Misterrogers was named after Rogers by the International Astronomical Union.
One of Rogers' famous sweaters was bought by the Smithsonian Institution, which has it shown on their "Treasure of American History" exhibit.
The Fred Rogers Memorial Statue in Pittsburgh was dedicated in 2009.
In June 2018, the documentary Won't You Be My Neighbor?
based on the life and legacy of Rogers, was released to positive reviews and became the highest money making biography-documentary (biodioc) of all time.
Tom Hanks played Rogers in a movie based on his later life titled A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (2019) directed by Marielle Heller.
Hanks would soon be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Rogers.
Rogers was honored on a special United States postage stamp in March 2018.
On September 21, 2018, Google Doodle honored him with a stop-motion video of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
On October 23, 2018, during the first game of the 2018 World Series, Rogers's first television commercial aired for Google's Pixel 3 smartphone.
In the ad, Rogers sings "Did You Know" which is the first time his voice or images has been used in a commercial for a product on television.
At the 2020 Academy Awards, Janelle Monáe performed Rogers' "Its a Beautiful Day in This Neighborhood" during the opening ceremony while wearing a red cardigan sweater.
During her acceptance speech for the Academy Award for Best Actress, Renée Zellweger listed Rogers as one of the heroes people should look for.
At the 2021 Grammy Awards, Rogers was posthumously awarded the Grammy Award for Best Historical Album for It's Such a Good Feeling: The Best of Mister Rogers.
Our Small World (with Josie Carey, illustrated by Norb Nathanson), 1954, Reed and Witting,
The Elves, the Shoemaker, & the Shoemaker's Wife (illustrated by Richard Hefter), 1973, Small World Enterprises,
The Matter of the Mittens, 1973, Small World Enterprises,
Speedy Delivery (illustrated by Richard Hefter), 1973, Hubbard,
Henrietta Meets Someone New (illustrated by Jason Art Studios), 1974, Golden Press,
Mister Rogers Talks About, 1974, Platt & Munk,
Time to Be Friends, 1974, Hallmark Cards,
Everyone is Special (illustrated by Jason Art Studios), 1975, Western Publishing,
Tell Me, Mister Rogers, 1975, Platt & Munk,
The Costume Party (illustrated by Jason Art Studios), 1976, Golden Press,
Planet Purple (illustrated by Dennis Hockerman), 1986, Texas Instruments,
If We Were All the Same (illustrated by Pat Sustendal), 1987, Random House,
A Trolley Visit to Make-Believe (illustrated by Pat Sustendal), 1987, Random House,
Wishes Don't Make Things Come True (illustrated Pat Sustendal), 1987, Random House,
No One Can Ever Take Your Place (illustrated by Pat Sustendal), 1988, Random House,
When Monsters Seem Real (illustrated by Pat Sustendal), 1988, Random House,
You Can Never Go Down the Drain (illustrated by Pat Sustendal), 1988, Random House,
The Giving Box (illustrated by Jennifer Herbert), 2000, Running Press,
Good Weather or Not (with Hedda Bluestone Sharapan, illustrated by James Mellet), 2005, Family Communications,
Josephine the Short Neck-Giraffe, 2006, Family Communications,
A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood: The Poetry of Mister Rogers Neighborhood (illustrated by Luke Flowers), 2009, Quirk Books,
PBS Kids: Official Site
The Fred M. Rogers Center
The Fred Rogers Company (formerly known as Family Communications)
The Music of Mister Rogers – Pittsburgh Music History
Fred Rogers at Voice Chasers
Peabody Award winners
American composers
Writers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Singers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
People from Latrobe, Pennsylvania
Cancer deaths in Pennsylvania
Deaths from stomach cancer
Educators from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Sri Yukteswar Giri (May 10, 1855 - March 9, 1936) was an Indian guru and swami.
His real name was Priya Nath Karar and was born in Serampore, West-Bengal, India.
He is one of the famous people who appears on the cover of the Beatles' Sgt.
kriya yoga institute
Kriya Yoga of Mahavatar Babaji website
1855 births
Hindu gurus
He was an influential member in some occult organisations, such as the Golden Dawn, the A∴A∴, and Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.), and is better known today for his occult books and papers.
Crowley also started a mystical philosophy known as Thelema, the Abbey of Thelema, and revived the term magick.
In 1895, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge after going to Malvern College and Tonbridge School.
In his three years at Cambridge, his father died and left him a large sum of money.
In December 1896, Crowley took interest in occultism and by the next year, he began reading books on alchemy and mysticism.
A year later, he published his first book of poetry (Aceldama), and left Cambridge, only to meet Julian L. Baker who introduced him to Samuel Mathers and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.
The Golden Dawn
Samuel Mathers, acting leader of the Golden Dawn organisation, acted as his early mentor in western magic.
Crowley lost faith in his mentor's abilities in 1900 but did not officially break with Mathers until 1904.
Crowley died of a respiratory infection in a Hastings boarding house on 1 December 1947 at the age of 72.
He had been addicted to heroin after being prescribed morphine for his asthma and bronchitis many years earlier.
Readings at the cremation service in Brighton included Hymn to Pan, and newspapers referred to the service as a black mass.
The mysterious occult character, Oliver Haddo, in William Somerset Maugham's novel The Magician (1908) is largely based on Crowley, whom Maugham met in Paris in 1906-1907.
Crowley is the second image on the first row of the Beatles' Sgt.
Ozzy Osbourne released a song titled "Mr. Crowley" on his solo album Blizzard of Ozz.
Iron Maiden recorded two tracks that relate to Crowley:  "Moonchild" from Seventh Son of a Seventh Son and "Revelations" from Piece of Mind.
Ernest Hemingway references Crowley in his memoir "A Moveable Feast".
In it, Ford Maddox Ford claims to have "cut" a man he thinks was Hilaire Belloc, but which in fact turns out to be "Alestair Crowley, the diabolist".
In the song Quicksand on his 1971 album Hunky Dory, David Bowie sings : “I'm closer to the Golden Dawn, Immersed in Crowley's uniform of imagery”.
Crowley and his beliefs were the subject of testimony in the 1994 murder trial of Damien Echols, as shown in the documentary film Paradise Lost: The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills.
His motto of "Do What Thou Wilt" was written into the vinyl records of Led Zeppelin's album Led Zeppelin III made in 1970.
Jimmy Page, the band's guitarist and songwriter bought Boleskine House the same year.
The land around the house is seen in the movie The Song Remains the Same, made in 1973.
The Magical Diaries of Aleister Crowley (Tunisia 1923) : Edited by Stephen Skinner
Bull, John. "
The Wickedest Man in the World".
Sunday Express, 24 Mar. 1923.
Unverified that this is the article: Verification that the Sunday Express did make article:
Bogdan, Henrik; Starr, Martin P. (2012). "
Introduction".
In Bogdan, Henrik; Starr, Martin P. Aleister Crowley and Western Esotericism.
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
3–14. .
Aleister Crowley film project
1875 births
British esotericists
Deaths from bronchitis
Writers from Warwickshire
Karlheinz Stockhausen (22 August 1928-5 December 2007) was a German composer.
He was an important German composer in the years after World War II.
During this time composers were exploring many new ideas.
Stockhausen used serialism in new ways, and he invented many ways of composing electronic music.
His works include an opera cycle Licht which includes seven operas.
Stockhausen was born near Cologne.
His father was a village school teacher.
His mother was put in a sanatarium in 1933 where she died in 1942.
She was probably killed there because the Nazis thought people who were mentally ill should not be allowed to live.
Stockhausen was a young man during the war.
He trained to be a teacher and was sent to work in a military hospital near where the army was.
His father died fighting in the war.
After the war, with no parents, he went to work on a farm.
Then, in 1947, he went to study at the Cologne Musikhochschule.
He played the piano in bars and clubs and he improvised at the piano when playing for a magician’s magic shows.
He was thinking of becoming a writer.
At this time many of Germany’s important composers met every summer in Darmstadt.
The course was called Darmstadt Holiday Course for New Music.
Stockhausen went there in 1951.
There he performed some modern music and met important people such as the music critic and philosopher Theodor Adorno.