the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
To do this, different stains can be applied to the gel: this allows the molecules to be seen.
The stain makes the places where the molecules moved to appear as colored bands.
Stains that are used to look at proteins, such as Coomassie blue, can often been seen by the human eye under normal light.
Stains that are used to look at DNA, such as ethidium bromide and GelGreen, can only be seen with the help of an ultraviolet lamp.
DNA separation
Gel electrophoresis is the most commonly used technique to study DNA.
DNA is a very large molecule that contains genetic information.
DNA can be broken down to smaller pieces of different sizes and these pieces are then separated using gel electrophoresis.
DNA always has a negative charge, and moves towards the anode.
Proteins are large and complex molecules made of amino acids.
Proteins can be studied by gel electrophoresis in two ways.
One way is to take a mixture of proteins and separate them in the gel.
The other way is to break down a single protein into smaller pieces.
The smaller pieces can then be separated in the gel.
Proteins can be positively or negatively charged.
To separate proteins by size only, protein mixtures can be coated with a chemical called sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to give all proteins a negative charge before putting the mixture into the gel.
In medicine, there is a special type of electrophoresis called iontophoresis.
Iontophoresis uses the same idea of gel electrophoresis to deliver drugs into the human body through the skin without using needles to inject the drug.
Heinrich Schliemann (January 6, 1822, in Neubukowin, Germany - December 26, 1890, in Naples) was a German archaeologist.
He is famous for his work in discovering the ancient city of Troy.
Heinrich Schliemann was born in Neubukowin, Germany.
His father, Ernst Schliemann, was a minister.
His mother, Luise Therese Sophie Schliemann, died in 1831 when Heinrich was 9 years old.
When his mother died, Heinrich lived with his uncle in Neustrelitz.
He went to a grammar school in the town for about a year.
His father paid the school fees.
Heinrich was very interested in history and was encouraged by his father to read history books.
After he left school, he worked in a shop in Fürstenberg for about five years.
He worked hard as an apprentice, but he continued to read in his spare time.
He was not able to work as an archaeologist at this time, so he moved to a company which imported and exported products.
In this job, he visited many different countries around the world, and learnt to speak English, French, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Italian, Greek, Latin, Russian, Arabic, and Turkish.
His ability to speak languages was very important in his job.
He later studied Latin and Ancient Greek in Paris.
In 1850, Heinrich's brother, Ludwig Schliemann, died, having got rich in the California Gold Rush.
He moved to Sacramento, where he opened a bank, just like his brother.
The new bank bought gold dust and sold it on to make money.
In six months, the bank bought and sold millions of dollars' worth of gold dust.
Heinrich married his wife, Ekaterina, in 1852, but the marriage was troubled.
Ekaterina kept encouraging her husband to make more money, but Heinrich felt that they were rich enough.
Nobody knows how Heinrich became an archaeologist, but he continued to travel to see famous historical icons around the world.
He even disguised himself to get into Mecca, the holy Muslim city.
He became very interested in Troy, which was involved in a big dispute at the time.
He was inspired by many people in the city, especially Ferdinand Fouqué and Frank Calvert, who he met in 1868.
Many reports have said Heinrich buried a 'treasure' he found in Troy, dubbed Priam's gold.
German archaeologists
Cyclone Nargis was a tropical cyclone.
It was the first in the Indian Ocean in 2008.
It was categorized as a Category 4 storm.
It made landfall (went on land) in Myanmar (Burma) in April and May 2008.
It was possibly one of the worst storms to have hit the country.
The United Nations estimated in its report that 1.5 million people were severely affected by this cyclone.
Officially at least 78,000 were killed with 58,000 not found (missing); the figures however are still rising, and 80,000 were reported dead in just one town.
After the disaster, the Burmese government has called for help in dealing with the situation.
Some people say the government is having problems coping with the situation.
More recent reports from the government say that about 80,000 have died.
Some non-governmental organizations estimate that the final number will be well over 100,000.
Certain aid workers that came into the country estimate that 2 to 3 million are homeless, in the worst disaster in Burma’s history.
They say it is comparable with the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Andrew Kirkwood, country director of a British charity organisation said:"We're looking at 50,000 dead and millions of homeless.
I'd characterise it as unprecedented in the history of Burma. [
It has had about the same effect as] the tsunami on individual countries.
There might well be more dead than the tsunami caused in Sri Lanka."
The United Nations says that up to 2.5 million people need help upgentltly.
According to the same report, access to the affected regions has been cut off.
The Red Cross says there could be up to 128,000 dead.
The storm caused the government to declare the five regions as disaster areas. -
Yangon, Ayeyarwady, Bago Divisions, Mon and Kayin States.
Thousands of buildings were destroyed; in the town of Labutta, located in the Ayeyarwady Division, state television reported that 75% of buildings had collapsed, and 20% had their roofs ripped off.
It is believed that the cyclone is the deadliest tropical cyclone in the world since Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed about 18,000 people.
At least 10,000 people have been reported to have died in the delta town of Bogale.
A diplomat in the city of Yangon spoke to the Reuters news agency, giving them a description of the scene.
He said that the area around him looked like a 'war zone' as a result of the cyclone.
Burst sewage mains caused the landscape to flood with waste, ruining the rice crop.
An official from the United Nations also talked about the situation, at the time of the event. "
Almost all the houses are smashed.
People are in a terrible situation," he said.
Another UN representative also talked about the incident.
He reported that "The Irrawaddy delta was hit extremely hard not only because of the wind and rain but because of the storm surge."
The Daily Telegraph, a UK newspaper, reported that food prices in Myanmar could be affected by this disaster.
International Help
On 6 May 2008, the Burma government representation in New York formally asked the United Nations for help.
But in other ways, it remains resistant to the most basic assistance.
As of 7 May 2008, the government of Burma has not officially endorsed international assistance, but stated that they are, "willing to accept international assistance, preferably bilateral, government to government."
The biggest challenge at present is obtaining visas for entry into the country.
According to Thai Rath Newspaper of Thailand on 8 May 2008, in the afternoon (Bangkok time) of 7 May 2008, the Burmese junta permitted Italian flights containing relief supplies from the United Nations, and twenty-five tonnes of consumable goods, to land in Myanmar.
However, many nations and organizations hope to deliver assistance and relief to Burma without delay.
Most of their officials, supplies and stores are waiting in Thailand and at the Yangon airport, as the Burmese junta does not want to issue visas for many of those people.
These political tensions raise the concern that some food and medical supplies might become unusable, even before the Burmese junta officially accepts the international relief effort.
Cyclone Nargis Caused destruction and at least 138,000 fatalities.
There were around 55,000 people missing and lots of other deaths were found in other places.
In Sri Lanka the cyclone produced masses of rainfall which led to flooding and landslides across ten districts across the country.
The districts Ratnapura and Kegalle were the most affected, where more than 3,000 families were dead.
Thousands of houses were flooded, with 21 reported destroyed.
As a result, the rainfall left 4,500 people homeless, and more than 35,000 people were affected on the island.
Three people were reported injured on the island, with two others dead.
The power of the cyclone lowered temperatures along the Indian coastline.
Estimates of the people still missing were 53,836, with 84,537 confirmed dead already.
Thousands more people were still missing or washed out at sea and drowned, it was feared up to 1 million people might have died in this disaster.
Thailand sent US $100,000 in supplies, thirty tones of medical supplies and twelve tones of food supplies.
As well as this, Italy provided 30 tons of emergency relief equipment, like stretchers, generators, and water purifiers.
Also, the United Kingdom committed ₤17 million.
Australia gave $25 million and 31 tonnes of supplies, whilst Belgium sent €250,000.
China sent $10 million in relief resources.
France gave 1,500 tons of medicine, food, and water, and Germany sent $3.0 million.
All to help the people who had been affected.
Continuing efforts through 2010
Humanitarian Efforts unsuccessful
The mission of the Emergency teams has been to help the people of Burma.
Since the cyclone hit in May 2008 the current military regime has rejected international aid and humanitarian efforts while also harassing and imposing restrictions on its citizens who are still in need of help.
The arrests of relief workers and the situation of the government not allowing workers to access lands that are in need of being rebuilt are examples that these people are not being provided with the resources they need to recover from Cyclone Nargis
Source Information: Science Daily
Damage information from BBC
Map: Deadly path of Cyclone Nargis
Tropical cyclones in Asia
2008 in weather
Toilet paper is soft paper, used to wipe urine or feces after using the toilet.
It is usually sold in white rolls, made up of square sheets.
Modern toilet paper is very absorbent and is designed to break up in the sewage system.
The paper is often available in different textures and colours.
One square sheet of toilet paper is called a "ply".
4-ply toilet paper has a thickness of 4 square sheets of toilet paper.
There was a shortage in 2020 because of covid 19
In former times people had no toilet paper and used other things.
The Greeks, for example, used stones or human hair, Germans used leaves and straw.
Some people used maize leaves.
Some used sand instead of toilet paper.
In the Middle Ages people used moss and the rich ones preferred sheep wool.
In the 6th century AD, people in China were the first to use paper for hygiene, but at the time it wasn't specially designed to clean feces.
The first toilet paper was produced in China in the 14th century.
In 1857 Joseph Gayetty produced toilet paper in cartons in the USA.
The first rolls of toilet paper were produced in 1890 in Great Britain.
In many parts of the world, newspaper is used instead of toilet paper.
Fox Interactive was a video game publisher and developer that made games based on 20th Century Fox works, such as The Simpsons.
The company was founded in December 1994.
It went out of business in 2006.
Sauropoda are an infraorder of saurischian ("lizard-hipped") dinosaurs.
They had very long necks, long tails, small heads (in comparison to the rest of their body), and thick, pillar-like legs and peg-like teeth.
They are notable for the enormous size of some species.
The group includes the largest animals ever to have lived on land.
Well-known genera include Brachiosaurus, Diplodocus, Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus.
Sauropods first appeared in the Upper Triassic period.
Their probable ancestral group was the Prosauropoda.
By the Upper Jurassic (150 million years ago), sauropods had become widespread (especially the diplodocids and brachiosaurids).
By the Upper Cretaceous, the diplodocids and brachiosaurs been replaced by the titanosaurs, which had a near-global distribution.
They were larger relatives of the brachiosaurs.
As with all other non-avian dinosaurs, the titanosaurs died out in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
Fossilised remains of sauropods have been found on every continent, including Antarctica.
The name Sauropoda was coined by O.C. Marsh in 1878.
Sauropods are one of the most recognizable groups of dinosaurs, and have become a fixture in popular culture due to their large sizes.
Complete sauropod fossil finds are rare.
Many species, especially the largest, are known only from isolated and disarticulated bones.
Many near-complete specimens lack heads, tail tips and limbs.
Most studies in the 19th and early 20th centuries suggested that sauropods were too large to have supported their weight on land, and therefore that they must have been mainly aquatic.
Most life restorations of sauropods in art through the first three quarters of the 20th century depicted them fully or partially immersed in water.
This early notion was doubted by Kermack (1951).
He showed that, if the animal were submerged in several metres of water, the pressure would be enough to fatally collapse the lungs and airway.
However, this and other early studies of sauropod ecology had a flaw.
They ignored evidence that the bodies of sauropods had many air sacs.
In 1878, paleontologist E.D. Cope had even referred to these structures as "floats".
Beginning in the 1970s, the effects of sauropod air sacs on their  lifestyle began to be explored.
Evidence from sedimentology and biotechnology showed that sauropods were primarily terrestrial animals.
In 2004 D.M. Henderson noted that, with their extensive system of air sacs, sauropods could not submerge their bodies completely below the surface of the water.
in other words, they would float.
So they would not have been in danger of lung collapse due to water pressure when swimming.
Evidence for swimming in sauropods comes from fossil trackways that have occasionally been found to preserve only the forefeet (manus) impressions.
Henderson showed that such trackways can be explained by sauropods with long forelimbs floating in shallow water, deep enough to keep the shorter hind legs free of the bottom, and using the front limbs to punt forward.
However, floating sauropods would have been very unstable and poorly adapted for long periods in the water.
There definitely is evidence that they preferred wet and coastal habitats.
Sauropod footprints are commonly found following coastlines or crossing floodplains.
Sauropod fossils are often found in wet environments or mixed with fossils of sea animals.
A good example of this is be the massive Jurassic sauropod trackways in lagoon deposits on Scotland's Isle of Skye.
Sauropod necks
There is a long-running debate about sauropod necks.
How flexible were they, how high or low was the neck in life: these are some of the issues.
Many displays in museums are faulty.
A review of the issues is available in free text.
"For instance, none were shaped like swan necks, and there is no support for the persistent suggestion they held their heads high habitually".
A blockade is a physical blockage of a port or other place.
Usually used of enemy ships surrounding a port.
By extension, a blockade is any effort to make sure that supplies, troops, information or aid do not reach an opposing force.
Blockades are used in nearly all military campaigns and the tool of choice for economic warfare on an opposing nation.
The International Criminal Court planned to include blockades against coasts and ports in its list of acts of war in 2009.
Historical blockades
The Spartan blockade of Athens following the Battle of Aegospotami, depriving Athens of the ability to import grain or communicate with its empire.
The Dutch Republic's blockade of the Scheldt between 1585  and 1792, denying Spanish-ruled Antwerp's access to international trade and shifting much of its trade to Amsterdam.
British blockade of France and its allies during the French Revolutionary War and Napoleonic War
British blockade of the United States east coast during the War of 1812
Union Blockade – the Union blockading the coasts of the Confederacy as part of the Anaconda Plan during the American Civil War
Battle of Iquique during the War of the Pacific
British blockade of Germany during World War I as a part of the First Battle of the Atlantic resulted in many deaths
The Second Battle of the Atlantic during World War II
United States blockade of Japan during World War II
The German blockade of the Scheldt between September 1944 and November 1944, denying to allied shipping use of the port of Antwerp. (
See Battle of the Scheldt).
Soviet land blockade of West Berlin, 1948–1949, known as the Berlin Blockade.
Egyptian blockades of the Straits of Tiran prior to the 1956 Suez War and the 1967 Arab-Israeli War.
United States blockade of Cuba during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962
India blockade of East Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh War
NATO blockade of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1993–1996 during Operation Sharp Guard
Israeli sea and land blockade of the Gaza Strip since the outbreak of the Second Intifada (2000) and up to the present.
Israeli blockades of some or all the shores of Lebanon at various times during the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), the 1982 Lebanon War, and the 1982–2000 South Lebanon conflict – resumed during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.
Bursa is a city in northwestern Turkey and the seat of Bursa Province.
The population of city is about 2 million.
Bursa is the fourth largest city, and also one of the most industrialized cities in the country.
Sometimes the city is called "Yeşil Bursa" which means "Green Bursa" because of the large parks, forests and gardens in the urban area of the city.
Bursa is home of Uludağ University.
Uludağ is an important ski resort in Turkey.
The city has a national park in Uludağ to protect the nature life in the mountainous area.
The 2008 United States presidential election happened on November 4, 2008.
Barack Obama, the Democratic candidate and junior U.S. Senator from Illinois, won the election.
He defeated John McCain, the Republican candidate, who was the senior U.S. Senator from Arizona.
Obama's victory in this election made him the first African-American president.
Incumbent Republican President George W. Bush was not eligible to serve a third term.
McCain secured the Republican nomination by March 2008, defeating former governors Mitt Romney, Mike Huckabee, and other challengers.
Obama secured the Democratic nomination in June 2008, after facing strong competition against former First Lady and Senator from New York Hillary Clinton.
Clinton's victory in the New Hampshire primary made her the first woman to win a major party's presidential primary.
Obama won a decisive victory over McCain.
He won states that had not voted for the Democratic presidential candidate since 1964 (Indiana and Virginia) and 1976 (North Carolina).
Obama won nine states that had voted Republican in 2004: Colorado, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, and Virginia, as well as Nebraska's 2nd congressional district.
He received the largest share of the popular vote won by a Democrat since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 and was the first Democrat to win an outright majority of the popular vote since Jimmy Carter in 1976.
Obama won 69.5 million votes, the most ever won by a presidential candidate; this total would be surpassed in 2020 by both Joe Biden and Donald Trump.
Article Two of the United States Constitution provides that for a person to be elected and serve as President of the United States, the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old, and a resident of the United States for a period of no less than 14 years.
Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the various political parties of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position.
The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf.
President George W. Bush was unable to seek re-election for a third term because of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states that a president may only serve up to two terms.
His term as president ended at noon eastern standard time on January 20, 2009.
Democratic Primaries
The main contest during the Democratic primaries was between Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, which was a very close race.
Clinton won the popular vote, but ultimately Obama won more unpledged delegates and therefore the nomination.
Withdrawn candidates
Hillary Clinton, retired lawyer and wife of Bill Clinton
John Edwards, retired U.S. Senator from North Carolina (withdrew on January 30, 2008, and endorsed Barack Obama)
Bill Richardson, Governor of New Mexico (withdrew on January 10, 2008, and endorsed Barack Obama)
Dennis Kucinich, U.S. Representative from Ohio (withdrew on January 24, 2008, and endorsed Barack Obama)
Joe Biden, U.S. Senator from Delaware (withdrew on January 3, 2008 and endorsed Barack Obama)
Mike Gravel, former U.S. Senator from Alaska (withdrew on March 25, 2008, to run for the Libertarian Party nomination.
After losing the nomination, he endorsed Jesse Johnson)
Christopher Dodd, U.S. Senator from Connecticut (withdrew on January 3, 2008, and endorsed Barack Obama)
Evan Bayh, U.S. Senator from Indiana (withdrew on December 15, 2006, and endorsed Hillary Clinton.
He later endorsed Barack Obama)
Tom Vilsack, former Governor of Iowa (withdrew on February 23, 2007, and endorsed Hillary Clinton.
Republican Primaries
The candidates running for the nomination of the Republican Party were John McCain, Mitt Romney, Mike Huckabee, Ron Paul, Rudy Giuliani,  Fred Thompson, Tom Tancredo, Alan Keyes, Jim Gilmore, Sam Brownback, and Duncan Hunter.
Republican President George W. Bush was unable to run for re-election since a president is only able to be elected twice.
Vice president Dick Cheney chose not to run.
Most of the candidates withdrew early.
As a result, John McCain, Mike Huckabee, and Mitt Romney emerged as the three people most likely to win the nomination.
Ron Paul became popular among libertarians.
Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts (withdrew on February 7, 2008, and endorsed John McCain)
Mike Huckabee, former Governor of Arkansas (withdrew on March 4, 2008, and endorsed John McCain)
Ron Paul, U.S. Representative from Texas (withdrew on June 12, 2008, and endorsed Chuck Baldwin)
Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City (withdrew on January 30, 2008, and endorsed John McCain)
Fred Thompson, former U.S. Senator from Tennessee (withdrew on January 22, 2008, and endorsed John McCain)
Alan Keyes, former U.S. ECOSOC Ambassador from Maryland (withdrew on April 15, 2008, to run for the Constitution Party nomination.
After losing that nomination, he ran as the America's Independent Party nominee.)
Duncan Hunter, U.S. Representative from California (withdrew on January 19, 2008, and endorsed Mike Huckabee.
He later endorsed John McCain)
Tom Tancredo, U.S. Representative from Colorado (withdrew on December 20, 2007, and endorsed Mitt Romney.
Sam Brownback, U.S. Senator from Kansas (withdrew on October 18, 2007, and endorsed John McCain)
Tommy Thompson, former United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (withdrew on August 12, 2007, and endorsed Rudy Giuliani.
Jim Gilmore, former Governor of Virginia (withdrew on July 14, 2007, and endorsed John McCain)
The biggest issue during the campaign was the bad economy.
Other issues included health care, the Iraq War, the war on terrorism, and energy independence.
*NE-02 is Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District.
Results by state
**Nebraska cast 4 ECVs for McCain and 1 for Obama.
Joe the Plumber, political activist and stereotype
2008 Presidential Electoral Map
2008 elections in the United States
November 2008 events
The Democratic Party presidential primaries of 2008 was an American political event.
In various states, various Democratic candidates asked people and delegates to vote for them in primaries and caucuses.
Candidates won delegates based on a percentage of votes (in primaries).
There were 4,233 delegates.
A candidate would have to get 2,110 delegates to win the nomination.
The two front-runners of the campaign were New York Senator Hillary Clinton and Illinois Senator Barack Obama.
Although Clinton led in the beginning, Obama soon gained the lead.
Obama went on to become the first African-American presidential candidate in American history.
United States presidential primary elections
Theodor Schwann (7 December 1810 – 11 January 1882) was a German scientist who isolated and named the enzyme pepsin.
He also played a key role in promoting the idea of the cell as the foundation of living organisms.
His work on the cell has recently been re-assessed, because the idea had been discussed before him.
Cell history
Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke (1635–1703).
He used a compound microscope with two lenses to look at the structure of cork, and to look at leaves and some insects.
He did this from about 1660, and reported it in his book Micrographica in 1665.
Many other naturalists and philosophers tried out the new instrument.
The structure of plants was investigated by Nehemiah Grew (1641–1712) and Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694).
Grew's major work was The anatomy of plants (1682).
It is not clear who first saw animal cells, Malpighi, Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680) or Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723).p17
Leeuwenhoek's discoveries and drawings of 'little animalcules' opened up a whole new world for naturalists.
Protozoa, and microorganisms generally were discovered.
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg's book Die Infusionsthierchen summarised what was known in 1838.
Lorenz Oken (1779–1851) in 1805 wrote that infusoria (microscopic forms) were the basis of all life.
The work of the Czech Jan Purkyně (1787–1869) and his student and collaborator Gabriel Valentin (1810–1883) was "unjustly denigrated by the nationalistic Germans.
They have a claim to some priority in the cell theory".
Johannes Müller (1801–1858) also made great contributions.
It was, however, his student Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881) who got the credit for the cell theory, despite the fact that some of their observations were not correct, and their credits to previous workers were "a travesty".p97 As understood now, the cell theory includes these important ideas:
All living things are made of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms.
Every cell comes from another cell that lived before it.
The nucleus is the core element of the cell.
German biologists
Dubbo is a large town in the central west area of New South Wales, Australia.
Dubbo has a campus of the Charles Sturt University.
A major tourist attraction in Dubbo is the Western Plains Zoo.
Antiwar.com is an English language website containing news and opinions related to wars.
The site was founded in December of 1995, as a response to the Bosnian War.
Barium chloride is a chemical substance.
It is among the most important salts of barium.
It is a poison.
When it is heated, it gives a yellow or green color to the flame.
It is hygroscopic, meaning that it attracts water from the air.
It is mainly used to purify brine but applications include fireworks.
Barium chloride is toxic.
Sodium sulfate may be an antidote.
Barium compounds
The North Atlantic Treaty is the treaty that founded NATO.
It was signed in Washington, DC on April 4, 1949.
The original twelve nations that signed it and thus became the founding members of NATO were the following:
The key section of the treaty was Article V which says that each member state has to consider an armed attack against one state to be an armed attack against all states.
The treaty was created with an armed attack by the Soviet Union against Western Europe in mind, but the mutual self-defense clause was never used during the Cold War.
It was used for the first time in 2001 when the September 11, 2001 attacks against the World Trade Center and The Pentagon had taken place.
Text of the North Atlantic Treaty
1940s treaties
20th century in Washington, D.C.
The British established a naval blockade of Germany early in the war.
As shown later in the Battle of Jutland, the German fleet could not defeat the British fleet to break the blockade.
This blockade was unusually restrictive in that even food was stopped as it was said to help the war.
The Germans regarded this as an attempt to starve the German people into submission and wanted to fight back.
They blockaded Britain and France.
As Germany could not fight with the big British Royal Navy on an even basis, the only possible way Germany could impose a blockade on Britain was through the submarines.
The Chancellor of Germany was against this sort of blockade because it meant attacking neutral ships as those of the United States as well.
But the military pushed unlimited submarine warfare forward.
On 4 February 1915, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany declared the seas around the British Isles a war zone.
Effective 18 February, Allied ships in the area would be sunk without warning.
British ships hiding behind neutral flags would not be spared, though some effort would be made to avoid sinking clearly neutral vessels.
Up to 750,000 civilians may have died because of starvation caused by this blockade during the War.
Many more had to die from starvation after the Armistice in November 1918 as the blockade was continued into 1919, in order to force Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles in June 1919.
The German U-boat force was now primarily based at Ostend in Belgium.
So German submarines had better access to the sea lanes around England.
The Germans made use of this advantage and sent out about 20 U-boats to begin the naval blockade.
In January, before the declaration of "unrestricted submarine warfare" as the submarine blockade was called, 43,550 tonnes of shipping had been sunk by U-boats.
The number of sinkings then steadily increased, with 168,200 tonnes going down in August.
Losses of British warships were small.
Although the battleship Formidable had been sunk by U-24 on New Year's Day, the fast destroyer screens soon made successful attacks on battleships and cruisers a thing of the past.
On the other hand, there was little a Royal Navy warship could do to sink a U-boat if the submarine's captain was reasonably alert.
The U-boat was generally safe from shelling once it had submerged.
It could be rammed if it were at periscope depth, but ramming was hardly a reasonable tactic as a standard practice.
Destroyers were not able to hunt the U-boats as they were protecting the fleet, so the British pressed every vessel they could into service, including yachts and trawlers, as auxiliary patrol vessels.
However, the U-boats were able to easily evade the patrols and sink merchant vessels traveling unescorted.
Militarily, unrestricted submarine warfare was proving a great success, and the U-boats stood a good chance of starving Britain into surrender.
However, in terms of the propaganda war, it was a great disaster for Germany.
America wanted to stay out of the European war, but American public opinion had turned against Germany, as unrestricted submarine warfare seemed to confirm the German reputation for brutality.
The deaths of American citizens traveling on British vessels torpedoed by U-boats began to make headlines in the US.
When on 7 May 1915, the liner RMS Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine, American outrage brought the US closer to declaring war on Germany.
Under threat of US retaliation, on 27 August, the Kaiser imposed severe restrictions on U-boats attacks against large passenger vessels.
On 18 September 1915, he called off unrestricted submarine warfare completely.
Under military pressure on Germany early in 1917, the Kaiser declared full unrestricted submarine warfare once more.
Some German diplomats believed that the Americans would avoid war at all costs, and if not, hopefully Germany could bring Britain to its knees before American power made much difference in Europe.
In February, 86 vessels were sunk, followed by 103 in March, and then 155 in April.
The US finally declared war on Germany in April 1917, over the Zimmermann Telegram.
America and Britain together were able to defeat the U-boats.
LeBron Raymone James Sr.
(born December 30, 1984) is an American professional basketball player who plays in the National Basketball Association (NBA) on the Los Angeles Lakers.
The Cleveland Cavaliers picked him in the 2003 NBA Draft with the first pick in the draft, not only for his athletics ability but for the revenue he could bring to the team and city.
James did not play college basketball, and entered the NBA Draft immediately after high school.
He went to high school in Akron, Ohio.
James played with the Cavaliers for his first seven seasons.
During that time, he was one of the NBA's top scorers.
He was selected as an All-Star several times.
In 2007, he led Cleveland to the NBA Finals.
He was the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the NBA for the 2008-09 NBA season and 2009-10 NBA season.
In his MVP years, Cleveland had the best record in the NBA, but did not make it to the NBA Finals.
On July 8, 2010, on a show in ESPN called "The Decision" LeBron said that he would next play for the Miami Heat.
On December 2, 2010, James played in Cleveland for the first time since leaving, scoring 38 points for the Heat as they beat the Cavaliers, 118-90.
Many fans angry at James for leaving Cleveland booed him throughout the game and held up signs with negative statements against James.
In the 2011 season the Miami Heat came in second place right behind the Chicago Bulls lead by Derick Rose  in the NBA.
They made it to the finals of the NBA and lost in six games to the Dallas Mavericks  This caused celebration in Cleveland because they hated Lebron for what he did to him.
In the 2012 Finals, LeBron James won his first championship after the Miami Heat defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder 4-1 games, after battling with the Boston Celtics 4-3 games the previous round.
The next year, LeBron James won his second title when the Heat defeated the San Antonio Spurs in seven games.
In both years he won the MVP title of finals and of regular season.
In 2014, James competed a very good regular season but he wasn't the MVP.
In the 2014 Finals, the Heat's Finals streak ended after being defeated by the San Antonio Spurs in five games (4-1).
Shortly after those Finals had ended, LeBron James said he would use an early termination option in his contract, leaving the Miami Heat and becoming a free agent.
He said this on June 24, 2014.
Then, on June 25, 2014, in a first-person essay in Sports Illustrated, he said he would return to the Cleveland Cavaliers.
On July 12, 2014, James signed a two-year, $42.1 million contract to return to the Cavaliers.
The deal also contains an option to become a free agent again after the 2014–15 NBA season.
Lebron now plays on the Los Angeles Lakers.
In 2015, he took the Cleveland Cavaliers to the NBA Finals, without Kevin Love but lost to the Golden State Warriors in 6 games after losing Kyrie Irving after he had an ankle injury.
The following year he again took the Cavs to the finals against the Warriors and made history when he led the Cleveland Cavaliers to an NBA championship after being down 3-1 games.
No team had ever come back from a 3-1 deficit in the Finals before then.
He had a historic moment where he blocked Andre Iguodala on possibly the game winning layup.
The Cavaliers went on to lose to the Golden State Warriors the following season.
LeBron James' Official website
Lebron James Fansite
Sportspeople from Akron, Ohio
Actors from Akron, Ohio
National Basketball Association high school draftees
Silesian Voivodeship Silesia Province is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland.
It can be found in the south Poland and in east Silesia (called Upper Silesia).
The capital city is Katowice.
The First Battle of the Atlantic (1914–1918) was a naval campaign of World War I, largely fought in the seas around the British Isles and in the Atlantic Ocean.
Both the German Empire and United Kingdom relied heavily on imports to feed their population and supply their war industry; thus both aimed to blockade each other.
The British had the Royal Navy which was superior in numbers and could operate within the British Empire.
The German Navy could not destroy the British Navy, as seen at the Battle of Jutland.
The German fleet mainly used unrestricted submarine warfare.
Neutral countries disliked the blockades and the sinking of RMS Lusitania especially angered the United States.
The successful blockade of Germany contributed to its military defeat in 1918, and still in effect, enforced also the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in mid-1919.
The Battle in Numbers
Allied and Neutral Tonnage sunk by submarines in World War I
Note that unrestricted submarine warfare was resumed in February 1917 and the British began full-scale convoying in September 1917.
The heaviest losses were suffered in April 1917 when a record 881,027 tons were sunk by the U-boats.
Source: Fayle, C. Ernest, Seaborn Trade, Vol.
3, p. 465, Table I[a]; London: John Murray, 1924.
German Submarine Force 1914-1918
Total operational boats: 351
Total sunk in combat (50%): 178
Other losses (11%): 39
Completed after Armistice: 45
Surrendered to Allied: 179
World's Navies in World War 1, Campaigns, Battles, Warship losses
Sukhoi is a company that makes fighter jets for the Russian Air Force, and other countries like China.
Sukhoi has made some of the world's most innovative aircraft, such as the Su-37 Super Flanker.
Most of Sukhoi's shareholdings belong in other countries than Russia.
The United States has bought aircraft from Sukhoi for aggressive training operations.
However, Sukhoi sold aircraft to Iran, and thus the United States banned Sukhoi from ever doing business with them again.
Biomedical engineers design, test, modify, recommend modification of, and evaluate all medical equipment used to interface or interact with the human body.
In addition to these functions, clinical engineers usually supervise the biomedical equipment maintenance function within an environment of care.
BioMedical Engineering OnLine
The Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program (UCLA)
VeggieTales is a children's animated direct-to-video series created by Big Idea featuring anthropomorphic vegetables in stories conveying moral themes based on Christianity.
The original series lasted from December 21, 1993 to March 3, 2015.
This show seems to be most popular, but despite fans' hopes and doubts it was going to continue running, it was eventually cancelled around 2018.
In March 2019, Phil Vischer announced on his Twitter that a revival spin-off titled The VeggieTales Show would be released in the fall of that year, along with an Untitled ‘VeggieTales’ movie with an unclear release date.
The show was created by Phil Vischer and Mike Nawrocki when they wanted to create a series of videos teaching children about stories and lessons from the Bible, while making it fun and entertaining.
Phil originally started out in 1990 when he wanted to use candy bars as a basis.
However, his wife objected the idea as she thought it was a bad influence on kids.
So he drew a cucumber and thought that was the best choice, vegetables.
He chose these objects as he said they were easy to animate as compared to characters with limbs, clothes, or hair because of the limitations on 3D graphics during the early 1990s.
In order to create VeggieTales, Phil had to follow a few rules given to him by his mother.
They included: 1) you will not portray Jesus Christ as a vegetable, and 2) try not imply that vegetables can have redemptive relationships with God.
Phil then joined with Mike Nawrocki, who they both did puppet shows in Bible college.
Phil did one on "The Princess and the Pea," but telling it from the pea's perspective, but never made it as a puppet show.
Ultimately, the sketches Phil drew became the basis for VeggieTales.
The name itself came from Mike Nawrocki, as he felt it was a good title as it was about vegetables telling stories.
While Toy Story is considered the first animated film to use computer imagery for film, VeggieTales is the first video series using that type of animation prior to the film's release.
The series started with only either one or two episode(s) per year, until the company grew and produced three videos per year as of 2014.
Since then, no new episodes of the series have been produced, likely due to Big Idea being too busy making and focusing on the Netflix series.
In 2014, shortly after the release of Beauty and the Beet (the last episode to feature the original look of the characters), Netflix released 11 minute shorts exclusively along with new redesigns of the original cast.
In a recent podcast, Phil says that they have colored iris' (similar to the Sonic the Hedgehog series) and their mouths are more dynamic.
He also says that Archibald's hair looks swirly.
"Cancellation"/Hiatus
Following the release of the episode Noah's Ark on March 3, 2015, Big Idea did not announce any new plans for further VeggieTales home video releases, seemingly focusing solely on the Netflix series.
In June 2017, Mike Nawrocki appeared on the Christian talk show Today's Life, and said "If there's ever an opportunity to do something VeggieTales-related again, I would love to do that."
Furthermore, Nawrocki's LinkedIn profile states that he left his position at Big Idea in February 2016.
The second and final season of VeggieTales in the City subsequently premiered on Netflix in late 2017.
At the 2018 Christian Worldview Film Festival, Mike Nawrocki confirmed that he was no longer working on VeggieTales, and there was nothing in production.
Phil Vischer stated that he was not returning to work on new episodes, and on July 1, 2018, he explained on Twitter that the team who specifically produced home video releases was dismissed in 2015, while the Netflix series team wrapped up their work in Summer 2017.
Comcast shut down Big Idea's offices in Nashville shortly afterward.
Vischer has confirmed that Big Idea's employees continue to work for Big Idea, and have not been laid off.
This could mean that the show may still continue in the future.
On March 28th, Eric Metaxas posted a tweet featuring him with Phil Vischer and Mike Nawrocki.
He said that TBN had purchased the rights to VeggieTales and are making a new series.
Later on, Phil posted a tweet correcting the misconception; it turns out TBN only purchased licensing rights and will use the characters.
Phil and Mike are going to be key writers for a new spin-off show that is currently known as The VeggieTales Show, which was released in late 2019.
On the same day, Phil Vischer confirmed that Universal had also started early development on a VeggieTales feature film.
It will also have Phil's involvement, possibly as a key writer.
Episode Set-Ups
Every episode (with the exception of some special episodes) starts on a kitchen countertop where Bob and Larry introduce themselves and receive a letter from a kid.
After reading the letter, Bob and Larry would have small discussions on how they would answer the kids letter via a story.
After the first segment of an episode, Silly Songs with Larry are served as the shows intermissions where Larry appears on the countertop and sing ridiculous songs.
After Silly Songs with Larry, the second segment of that episode is then shown.
Are You My Neighbor?
is the first VeggieTales episode to have it's main segment served as the second segment while the first two episodes main segments were shown first.
At the end of every show, Bob and Larry would receive a verse from Qwerty as the What Have We Learned song is played.
The episode then ends with Bob and Larry saying "God made you special, and he loves you very much" and the credits roll.
Bob the Tomato
Larry the Cucumber
Junior Asparagus
Laura Carrot
Petunia Rhubarb
Madame Blueberry
Jimmy and Jerry Gourd
Pa Grape
Archibald Asparagus
Mr. Lunt
Mr. Nezzer
The French Peas
Where's God When I'm S-Scared?
God Wants Me to Forgive Them!?!
Dave and the Giant Pickle
The Toy That Saved Christmas
Very Silly Songs!
Larry-Boy!
and the Fib from Outer Space!
Josh and the Big Wall!
The End of Silliness?
Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed
King George and the Ducky
Esther...The Girl Who Became Queen
The Ultimate Silly Song Countdown
The Wonderful World of Auto-Tainment!
The Ballad of Little Joe
A Snoodle's Tale
Sumo of the Opera
Duke and the Great Pie War
Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Samson's Hairbrush
Lord of the Beans
Sheerluck Holmes and the Golden Ruler
LarryBoy and the Bad Apple
Gideon: Tuba Warrior
Moe and the Big Exit
The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's
Tomato Sawyer and Huckleberry Larry's Big River Rescue
Abe and the Amazing Promise
Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Noah's Umbrella
Pistachio - The Little Boy That Woodn't
Sweetpea Beauty
It's a Meaningful Life
'Twas the Night Before Easter
Princess and the Popstar
Robin Good and His Not-So-Merry Men
The Penniless Princess
The League of Incredible Vegetables
The Little House That Stood
MacLarry and the Stinky Cheese Battle
Veggies in Space: The Fennel Frontier
Feature Films
Mass media franchises introduced in the 1990s
Kroppenstedt is a town in the Börde district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
It is southwest of Magdeburg.
It is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality").
Towns in Saxony-Anhalt
Righteousness is the quality of a person being morally right or justifiable.
It is an important concept and theological concept.
It is a concept in Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and also in Dharmic traditions.
The quality of true righteousness is pleasing to God.
It is a concept similar to integrity.
"I Decided" is the first single released by Solange Knowles from her album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams.
The single was released as a digital download to both iTunes and Amazon.com on April 22, 2008.
Soul songs
Usher albums
Social equality is a state where people are treated fairly and given equal chances without any discrimination.
JavaServer Pages (JSP java) is a programming language used by server applications.
It was created by Sun Microsystems.
A software server such as Apache is needed to run it.
A match is a tool for making fire under controlled circumstances.
Most often, it is a small piece of wood, or hardened paper.
At one end, the match is coated with a material that will ignite from friction.
The lighting end of a match is known as the match "head".
It either contains phosphorus or phosphorus sesquisulfide as the active ingredient and gelatin as a binder.
Matches are sold in multiples, packaged together either in a box, or in matchbooks.
There are two main types of matches: safety matches, which can be struck only against a specially prepared surface; and strike-anywhere matches, for which any suitably frictional surface can be used.
Early matches
Matches that used sulfur were mentioned by Martial in ancient Rome.
He called them sulphurata.
Around the year 1530, Matches appeared in Europe.
The first modern, self-igniting match was invented in 1805 by K. Chancel, assistant to Professor Louis Jacques Thénard of Paris, though.
The head of the match was made of a mixture of potassium chlorate, sulfur, sugar, and rubber.
They were ignited by dipping the tip of the match in a small asbestos bottle filled with sulfuric acid.
This kind of match was quite expensive and its usage was dangerous, so Chancel's matches never gained much popularity.
Special-purpose matches
Storm matches, also known as lifeboat matches or flare matches, have an easy to strike tip like a normal match, but much of the stick is coated with a combustible compound which will keep burning even in a strong wind.
They have a wax coating to make them waterproof.
They are a component of many survival kits.
This particular match was used in the first mass-produced Molotov cocktails.
"Bengal matches" are actually small hand-held fireworks akin to sparklers.
They are similar to storm matches in form, but they include compounds of strontium or barium in the compound on the stick to produce a red or green flame respectively.
A site  demonstrating jet propulsion using matches and foil
William W. "Bill" Gothard (born November 2, 1934) is an American speaker and writer.