the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
2015 - A mass poisoning at a funeral in Mozambique involves beer that was contaminated by crocodile bile.
56 people died and 200 hospitalized.
2015 - A traffic accident near Karachi, Pakistan, between an oil tanker truck and a passenger coach killed 62 people.
2016 - Singer, musician and actor David Bowie died of cancer two days after his 69th birthday.
1479 - Johann Cochlaeus, German humanist (d. 1552)
1480 - Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy, Regent of the Netherlands (d. 1530)
1493 - Miklos Olah, Hungarian archbishop (d. 1568)
1538 - Louise of Nassau (d. 1574)
1573 - Simon Marius, German astronomer (d. 1624)
1607 - Isaac Joques, French priest and missionary (d. 1646)
1628 - George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English statesman (d. 1687)
1654 - Joshua Barnes, English scholar (d. 1712)
1702 - Johannes Zick, German painter (d. 1762)
1715 - Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1775)
1729 - Lazzaro Spallanzani, Italian biologist (d. 1799)
1738 - Ethan Allen, American military leader (d. 1789)
1750 - Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine, British Lord Chancellor (d. 1823)
1780 - Martin Lichtenstein, German physician and explorer (d. 1857)
1797 - Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, German writer and composer (d. 1848)
1799 - Petrache Poenaru, Romanian revolutionary, engineer and mathematician (d. 1875)
1803 - Gottfried Ludolf Camphausen, Prussian politician and Prime Minister (d. 1890)
1810 - Ferdinand Barbedienne, French engineer (d. 1892)
1810 - Jeremiah S. Black, 23rd United States Secretary of State (d. 1883)
1812 - Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect (d. 1881)
1834 - John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, English historian, politician and writer (d. 1902)
1835 - Fukuzawa Yukichi, Japanese writer, teacher, translator, entrepreneur and journalist (d. 1901)
1836 - Charles Ingalls, father of Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. 1902)
1840 - Louis Nazaire Bégin, Canadian archbishop and cardinal (d. 1925)
1842 - Luigi Pigorini, Italian archaeologist and ethnologist (d. 1925)
1843 - Frank James, American outlaw (d. 1915)
1847 - Jacob Schiff, American banker, businessman and philanthropist (d. 1920)
1848 - Reinhold Sadler, Prussian-born 9th Governor of Nevada (d. 1906)
1850 - John Welborn Root, American architect (d. 1891)
1858 - Heinrich Zille, German illustrator and photographer (d. 1925)
1859 - Francesc Ferrer i Guardia, Catalan free thinker (d. 1909)
1864 - Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia (d. 1931)
1865 - Mary Ingalls, sister of Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. 1928)
1873 - George Orton, Canadian athlete (d. 1958)
1875 - Issai Schur, German mathematician (d. 1941)
1879 - Bobby Walker, Scottish footballer (d. 1930)
1880 - Manuel Azaña, Spanish politician (d. 1940)
1881 - Leslie Rainey, Australian cricketer and footballer (d. 1962)
1883 - Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1945)
1883 - Nadezhda Udaltsova, Russian artist (d. 1961)
1887 - Robinson Jeffers, American poet, dramatist and natural philosopher (d. 1962)
1890 - Grigory Landsberg, Russian physicist (d. 1957)
1890 - Pina Menichelli, Italian actress (d. 1984)
1891 - Louis A. Johnson, American politician (d. 1966)
1893 - Vicente Huidobro, Chilean poet (d. 1948)
1898 - Katharine Burr Blodgett, American scientist and inventor (d. 1979)
1901 - Henning von Tresckow, German general and Resistance activist (d. 1944)
1903 - Barbara Hepworth, English sculptor (d. 1975)
1905 - Albert Arlen, Australian pianist, composer, actor and director (d. 1993)
1908 - Bernard Lee, British actor (d. 1981)
1910 - Jean Martinon, French conductor and composer (d. 1976)
1911 - Prince Carl Bernadotte, Swedish royal (d. 2003)
1912 - Maria Mandl, Austrian Concentration camp overseer, convicted Nazi war criminal (d. 1948)
1913 - Gustav Husak, President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1991)
1913 - Mehmet Shehu, Albanian politician (d. 1981)
1914 - Yu Kuo-hwa, Premier of Taiwan (d. 2000)
1915 - Dean Dixon, American conductor (d. 1976)
1916 - Sune Bergström, Swedish biochemist (d. 2004)
1916 - Don Metz, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
1917 - Jerry Wexler, American record producer and journalist (d. 2008)
1918 - Arthur Chung, President of Guyana (d. 2008)
1919 - Terukuni Manzo, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1977)
1920 - Georges Marchal, French actor (d. 1997)
1920 - Richard Nelson Frye, American orientalist and historian (d. 2014)
1920 - Rut Brandt, Norwegian-German author, wife of Willy Brandt (d. 2006)
1921 - Rodger Ward, American racing driver (d. 2004)
1922 - Michel Henry, French philosopher and writer (d. 2002)
1922 - Billy Liddell, Scottish footballer and manager (d. 2001)
1924 - Eduardo Chillida, Basque sculptor (d. 2002)
1924 - Max Roach, American musician and composer (d. 2007)
1925 - Peter Colotka, Slovakian academic, lawyer and politician (d. 2019)
1927 - Otto Stich, Swiss politician (d. 2012)
1927 - Megumu Tamura, Japanese footballer (d. 1986)
1928 - Philip Levine, American poet (d. 2015)
1929 - Derek Hammond-Stroud, English operatic baritone
1930 – Roy E. Disney, American businessman (d. 2009)
1931 - Massimo Vignelli, Italian designer (d. 2014)
1931 - Will McBride, American photographer (d. 2015)
1931 - Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat, Malaysian politician (d. 2015)
1931 - Ron Galella, American photographer
1932 - Louis Rwagasore, Burundian politician
1934 - Leonard Boswell, American politician (d. 2018)
1934 - Leonid Kravchuk, former President of Ukraine
1936 - Robert Woodrow Wilson, American physicist and radio astronomer
1938 - Donald Knuth, American mathematician and computer scientist
1938 - Lois Capps, American politician
1939 - David Horowitz, American writer and political commentator
1939 - Scott McKenzie, American singer (d. 2012)
1939 - Bill Toomey, American athlete
1939 - Davie Wilson, Scottish footballer
1940 - Walter Hill, American movie director
1940 - Yesudas, Indian singer and classical musician
1941 - Tom Clarke, Scottish politician
1942 - Walter Hill, American director
1943 - Jim Croce, American singer (d. 1973)
1944 - Frank Sinatra, Jr., American singer (d. 2016)
1945 – Rod Stewart, British singer
1945 - Günther von Hagens, German anatomist
1945 - John Fahey, 38th Premier of New South Wales
1947 - Peer Steinbrück, German politician
1947 - Tiit Vahi, Estonian politician
1948 - Donald Fagan, American musician
1948 - Mischa Maisky, Latvian cellist
1949 - Walter Browne, Australian-American chess player (d. 2015)
1949 - George Foreman, American boxer and entrepreneur (George Foreman Grill)
1949 - Harald Hove, Norwegian politician (d. 2014)
1949 - Linda Lovelace, American pornographic actress (d. 2002)
1950 - Suchitra Bhattacharya, Indian novelist (d. 2015)
1950 - Roy Blunt, American politician
1950 - Barbara Orbison, German-born American record producer and music publisher (d. 2011)
1950 - Winfried Schaefer, German footballer
1950 - Ernie Wasson, American gardener and writer
1952 - Oleh Romanishin, Ukrainian chess player
1952 - Scott Thurston, American musician
1955 - Franco Tancredi, Italian footballer
1955 - Michael Schenker, German guitarist
1955 - Yasmina Khadra (real name Mohammed Moulessehoul), Algerian writer
1957 - Greg Walden, American politician
1958 - Eddie Cheever, American racing driver
1959 - Chandra Cheeseborough, American athlete
1959 - Samira Said, Moroccan singer
1959 - Maurizio Sarri, Italian football manager
1960 - Gurinder Chadha, British movie director
1960 – Brian Cowen, former Taoiseach of Ireland
1960 - Jurrie Koolhof, Dutch footballer (d. 2019)
1960 - Claudia Losch, German athlete
1961 - Evan Handler, American actor
1961 - Janet Jones, American actress
1961 - Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg, Italian-American violinist, author and educator
1963 - Kira Ivanova, Russian figure skater (d. 2001)
1963 - Francesco Panetta, Italian runner
1964 - Brad Roberts, Canadian singer
1965 - Hiroshi Hirakawa, Japanese footballer
1965 - Butch Hartman, American animator
1966 - Bert Cooper, American boxer (d. 2019)
1966 - Murali Nair, Indian movie director
1972 - Thomas Alsgaard, Norwegian cross-country skier
1973 - Glenn Robinson, American basketball player
1973 - Tanya Streeter, British freediver
1974 - Sabrina Setlur, German rapper
1974 - Jemaine Clement, New Zealand actor, singer and guitarist (Flight of the Conchords)
1974 - Hrithik Roshan, Indian actor
1974 - Bob Peeters, Belgian footballer
1976 - Ian Poulter, English golfer
1977 - Michelle O'Neill, Northern Irish politician, leader of Sinn Féin in Northern Ireland
1978 - Gavin McCann, English footballer
1979 - Edu, Brazilian footballer
1979 - Anna Lesko, Romanian singer
1980 - Nelson Cuevas, Paraguayan footballer
1980 - Sarah Shahi, American actress
1981 - Jared Kushner, American real estate investor, developer and publisher
1982 - Ana Layevska, Russian-Mexican actress
1982 - Josh Ryan Evans, American actor (d. 2002)
1984 - Marouane Chamakh, Moroccan footballer
1986 - Abbey Clancy, English model
1986 - Kirsten Flipkens, Belgian tennis player
1986 - Hideaki Ikematsu, Japanese footballer
1986 - Chen Jin, Chinese badminton player
1987 - César Cielo, Brazilian swimmer
1988 - Leonard Patrick Komon, Kenyan long-distance runner
1988 - Vladimir Zharkov, Russian ice hockey player
1989 - Emily Meade, American actress
1990 - Tao Li, Chinese swimmer
1990 - César Ruiz, Peruvian footballer
1990 - Mario Innauer, Austrian ski jumper
1991 - Romain Wattel, French golfer
1992 - Emmanuel Frimpong, Ghanaian footballer
1994 - Mohammed Aman, Ethiopian middle-distance runner
2004 - Kaitlyn Maher, American actress and singer
314 - Pope Miltiades
681 – Pope Agatho
976 - John I Tzimiskes, Greek Byzantine Emperor (b. 925)
1218 - Hugh I of Cyprus (b. 1195)
1276 – Pope Gregory X
1321 - Mary of Brabant, Queen of France (b. 1254)
1645 – William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1573)
1654 - Nicholas Culpeper, English botanist, herbalist, physician and astrologer (b. 1618)
1662 - Prince Honoré of Monaco (b. 1597)
1778 – Carolus Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (b. 1707)
1794 - Georg Forster, German scientist and revolutionary (b. 1754)
1811 – Marie-Joseph Chénier, French poet (b. 1764)
1824 - King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (b. 1759)
1825 - Ioannis Varvakis, Greek national hero (b. 1745)
1833 - Adrien-Marie Legendre, French mathematician (b. 1752)
1855 - Mary Russell Mitford, English author and playwright (b. 1787)
1862 – Samuel Colt, American inventor (b. 1814)
1863 - Lyman Beecher, American Presbyterian clergyman (b. 1775)
1895 – Benjamin Godard, French composer (b. 1849)
1901 - James Dickson, Premier of Queensland (b. 1832)
1905 - Karlis Baumanis, Latvian composer (b. 1835)
1917 – William F. Cody, American frontiersman (b. 1846)
1918 - August Oetker, German businessman (b. 1862)
1926 - Eino Leino, Finnish writer (b. 1878)
1934 – Marinus van der Lubbe, Dutch communist, accused of Reichstag fire (b. 1909)
1935 - Edwin Flack, American athlete (b. 1873)
1941 – Frank Bridge, English composer (b. 1879)
1941 – Joe Penner, Hungarian-born comedian and actor (b. 1904)
1941 - Issai Schur, German mathematician (b. 1875)
1949 - Erich von Drygalski, German geographer and polar scientist (b. 1865)
1951 – Sinclair Lewis, American writer (b. 1885)
1951 - Yoshio Nishina, Japanese physicist (b. 1890)
1957 – Gabriela Mistral, Chilean poet (b. 1889)
1959 - Michael Grzimek, German nature filmmaker (b. 1934)
1960 - Jack Laviolette, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1907)
1961 – Dashiell Hammett, American writer (b. 1894)
1968 - Ali Fuet Cebesoy, Turkish general and politician (b. 1882)
1969 - Sampurnanand, Indian politician, 2nd Governor of Rajasthan (b. 1891)
1969 - John Brownlee, American tenor (b. 1900)
1970 – Pavel Belyayev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1925)
1971 – Coco Chanel, French fashion designer (b. 1883)
1972 - Aksel Larsen, Danish politician (b. 1897)
1976 – Howlin' Wolf, American musician (b. 1910)
1978 – Pedro Chamorro, Nicaraguan journalist (b. 1924)
1978 - Don Gillis, American composer and conductor (b. 1912)
1980 – George Meany, American labor leader (b. 1894)
1981 – Katherine Alexander, American actress (b. 1898)
1981 – Richard Boone, American actor (b. 1917)
1981 – Fawn M. Brodie, American historian (b. 1915)
1982 – Paul Lynde, American comedian (b. 1926)
1984 - Souvanna Phouma, Prince and Prime Minister of Laos (b. 1901)
1985 - Anton Karas, Austrian zither player and composer (b. 1906)
1986 - Jaroslav Seifert, Czech writer (b. 1901)
1987 – Sir David Robinson, British philanthropist and entrepreneur (b. 1904)
1990 - Tochinishiki Kiyotaka, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1925)
1997 – Sheldon Leonard, American producer, actor and director (b. 1907)
1997 – Elspeth Huxley, British journalist and writer (b. 1907)
1997 - Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Scottish chemist (b. 1907)
2000 – Sam Jaffe, American producer (b. 1901)
2003 - Julho Botelho, Brazilian footballer (b. 1929)
2004 – Spalding Gray, American actor, screenwriter, and monologue artist (b. 1941)
2004 – Alexandra Ripley, writer
2005 – Gene Baylos, comedian
2005 – Margherita Carosio, Italian soprano (b. 1908)
2005 – James Forman, American Civil Rights leader (b. 1928)
2005 – Erwin Hillier, British cinematographer (b. 1911)
2005 – Gordon John "Jack" Horner, sports journalist
2005 – Joséphine-Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1927)
2007 - Carlo Ponti, Italian movie producer (b. 1912)
2008 - Maila Nurmi, Finnish-American actress (b. 1921)
2009 - Bill Stone, British World War I veteran (b. 1900)
2011 - John Dye, American actor (b. 1963)
2011 - Margaret Whiting, American actress (b. 1924)
2014 - Zbigniew Messner, former Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1929)
2014 - Larry Speakes, American journalist (b. 1939)
2014 - Allard van der Scheer, Dutch actor (b. 1928)
2014 - Marly Marley, Brazilian actress (b. 1938)
2015 - Francesco Rosi, Italian movie director (b. 1922)
2015 - Junior Malanda, Belgian footballer (b. 1994)
2015 - Taylor Negron, American writer, actor and painter (b. 1957)
2015 - Harry V. Jaffa, American political philosophy professor (b. 1918)
2015 - Walter Berns, American lawyer and political philosophy professor (b. 1919)
2015 - Frans Bolweg, Dutch sailor (b. 1950)
2015 - Robert Berner, American geoscientist (b. 1935)
2015 - Robert Stone, American writer (b. 1937)
2015 - Jorgelina Aranda, Argentine model, actress and singer (b. 1942)
2015 - Elemér Hankiss, Hungarian sociologist (b. 1928)
2015 - Inge Vermeulen, Brazilian-Dutch field hockey player (b. 1985)
2016 - Abbas Bahri, Tunisian mathematician (b. 1954)
2016 - Wim Bleijenberg, Dutch footballer (b. 1930)
2016 - Cornelis Zitman, Dutch sculptor (b. 1926)
2016 - Bob Oatley, Australian businessman, winemaker and yachtsman (b. 1928)
2016 - David Bowie, English singer, musician and actor (b. 1947)
2016 - Ann Z. Caracristi, American cryptographer (b. 1921)
2016 - Teofil Codreanu, Romanian footballer (b. 1941)
2016 - Jeanne Cordova, American LGBT activist (b. 1948)
2016 - Ulrich Hahnen, German politician (b. 1952)
2016 - Ralph Hauenstein, American philanthropist and businessman (b. 1912)
2016 - George Jonas, Hungarian-Canadian writer, poet and journalist (b. 1935)
2016 - Kalevi Lehtovirta, Finnish footballer (b. 1928)
2016 - Yusuf Zuayyin, Prime Minister of Syria (b. 1931)
2017 - Buddy Greco, American singer and actor (b. 1926)
2017 - Roman Herzog, President of Germany (b. 1934)
2017 - Clare Hollingworth, English journalist (b. 1911)
2017 - Oliver Smithies, English-American geneticist (b. 1925)
2017 - Hiag Akmakjian, American author, painter and photographer (b. 1926)
2017 - Ronald Buxton, British politician (b. 1923)
2017 - Ryszard Parulski, Polish fencer (b. 1938)
2017 - Manlio Rocchetti, Italian make-up artist (b. 1943)
2017 - Tony Rosato, Italian-born Canadian actor (b. 1954)
2017 - Kenny Wharram, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1933)
2018 - Eddie Clarke, English guitarist (b. 1950)
2018 - Mikhail Derzhavin, Russian actor (b. 1936)
2018 - Tom Luken, American politician (b. 1925)
2018 - Doreen Tracey, English-born American actress (b. 1943)
2019 - Theo Adam, German opera singer (b. 1926)
2019 - Dianne Oxberry, English broadcaster (b. 1967)
2019 - Lionel Price, English basketball player (b. 1927)
Majority Rule Day (Bahamas)
Newell Convers Wyeth (October 22, 1882 – October 19, 1945) was an American painter and book illustrator.
He was born in Needham, Massachusetts.
He was known for his illustrations for such books as Robin Hood, Robinson Crusoe, The Yearling, The Last of the Mohicans, and King Arthur.
His daughters Henriette and Carolyn, his son, Andrew and grandson Jamie Wyeth were also painters.
Wyeth's son Nathaniel was an inventor.
Wyeth was born in Needham, Massachusetts.
He died in an accident at a railway crossing in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania.
Virtual tour of N.C. Wyeth's studio
Robinson Crusoe text with illustrations by N.C. Wyeth
N.C. Wyeth Biography
Accidental deaths in Pennsylvania
American illustrators
American painters
Turkeys are a family of bird in the genus Meleagrididae.
They are like a chicken but much bigger.
Wild turkeys live in forests in North America and Central America.
In the United States, people traditionally eat turkey on the holiday of Thanksgiving.
The family Meleagrididae has one genus in it, Meleagris.
This genus has two species:
Wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata)
When people from Europe first saw turkeys in the Americas they thought the birds were a type of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris).
This bird had been brought to central Europe from the country of Turkey.
The name of that country stuck as the name of the bird.
The confusion with the name is also seen in the scientific name: meleagris is Greek for guinea-fowl.
Arachnology is a science that studies arachnids.
Examples of arachnids are spiders, scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and harvestmen.
Ticks and mites are also arachnids but they sometimes are not included in arachnology.
They are studied in acarology.
Branches of zoology
Alabama is a state in the United States.
Its capital city is Montgomery.
The largest city is Birmingham.
It became a state in 1819.
Native American tribes such as Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek first lived in Alabama.
The first people to live in Alabama were Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans.
African Americans were sent to the state for slavery.
Alabama is the thirty-first largest state in the United States with  of total area.
3.19% of the area is water, making Alabama twenty-third in the amount of surface water, also giving it the second largest inland waterway system in the United States.
About three-fifths of the land area is a plain with a general downward slope towards the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico.
North Alabama has mostly mountains, with the Tennessee River cutting a large valley creating many creeks, streams, rivers, mountains, and lakes.
The states bordering Alabama are Tennessee to the north; Georgia to the east; Florida to the south; and Mississippi to the west.
Alabama has coastline at the Gulf of Mexico, in the very southern edge of the state.
Alabama ranges in elevation from sea level at "Mobile Bay" to over  in the Appalachian Mountains in the northeast.
The highest point is "Mount Cheaha", at a height of .
Alabama's land has  of forest or 67% of total land area. "
Suburban Baldwin County", along the Gulf Coast, is the largest county in the state in both land area and water area.
The state is classified as subtropical Cfa under the Koppen Climate Classification.
The normal annual temperature is .
Temperatures are often warmer in the southern part of the state because it is close to the Gulf of Mexico, while the northern parts of the state, mostly in the Appalachian Mountains in the northeast, tend to be slightly cooler.
Most of the time, Alabama has very hot summers and mild winters with copious rain throughout the year.
Alabama receives an average of  of rainfall annually and enjoys a lengthy growing season of up to 300 days in the southern part of the state.
Summers in Alabama are among the hottest in the United States, with high temperatures averaging over  throughout the summer in some parts of the state.
Alabama also gets many tropical storms and even hurricanes.
Areas of the state far away from the Gulf can still feel the effects of the storms, which often dump big amounts of rain as they move inland and weaken.
The United States Census Bureau, as of July 1, 2008, estimated Alabama's population at 4,661,900, which is an increase of 214,545, or 4.8%, since the 2000 census.
This is a natural increase since the last census of 121,054 people (that is 502,457 births minus 381,403 deaths) and an increase because of net migration of 104,991 people into the state.
Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 31,180 people, and migration within the country got a net gain of 73,811 people.
The state had 108,000 foreign-born (2.4% of the state population), of which an estimated 22.2% were illegal immigrants (24,000).
Alabama has a large African American and white population.
According to the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis, the 2008 total gross state product was $170 billion, or $29,411 per capita.
Alabama's 2008 GDP increased (went up) 0.7% from the past year.
The single largest increase came in the area of information.
In 1999, per capita income for the state was $18,189.
Alabama's agricultural outputs are poultry and eggs, cattle, plant nursery items, peanuts, cotton, grains (such as corn and sorghum), vegetables, milk, soybeans, and peaches.
Although known as "The Cotton State", many reports say that Alabama is between eight and ten in national cotton making, with Texas, Georgia and Mississippi making up the top three.
Alabama's company outputs are iron and steel products (like cast-iron and steel pipe); paper, lumber, and wood items; mining (mostly coal); plastic things; cars and trucks; and apparel.
Alabama also makes aerospace and electronic things, mostly in the "Huntsville" area, location of NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center and the US Army Aviation and Missile Command, headquartered at "Redstone Arsenal."
Primary and secondary education
"Public primary and secondary education" in Alabama is under the review of the Alabama State Board of Education as well as local oversight by 67 county school boards and 60 city boards of education.
Together, 1,541 separate schools have education for 743,364 elementary and secondary students.
Alabama's programs of higher education are 14 four-year public universities, two-year community colleges, and 17 private, undergraduate and graduate universities.
In the state are two medical schools, University of Alabama at Birmingham and University of South Alabama, two veterinary colleges, Auburn University and Tuskegee University, a dental school, University of Alabama, an optometry college, two pharmacy schools, Auburn University and Samford University, and five law schools, University of Alabama School of Law, Birmingham School of Law, Cumberland School of Law, Miles Law School, and the Thomas Goode Jones School of Law.
Public, post-secondary education in Alabama is overseen by the Alabama Commission on Higher Education.
Colleges and universities in Alabama offer degree programs from two-year associate degrees to 16 doctor level programs.
The governor of Alabama is Kay Ivey, a Republican.
The lieutenant governor of Alabama is Will Ainsworth, a Republican, and the Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court is Sue Bell Cobb, a Democrat.
Notable people from Alabama
Nat King Cole, singer (Montgomery)
Rosa Parks, Civil Rights Activist (Tuskegee)
Helen Keller, (Tuscumbia)
Bobby Eaton, pro wrestler (Huntsville)
Mia Hamm, soccer star (Selma)
Harold E. Martin, newspaperman Montgomery
Scott Oden, writer (Somerville)
Spooner Oldham; songwriter, keyboardist (Center Star)
Stanley O'Neal, chairman & CEO of Merrill Lynch (Roanoke)
Osceola, Seminole leader (Tallassee)
Randy Owen, lead singer- Alabama (Fort Payne)
Jesse Owens, track and field athlete (Oakville)
Terrell Owens, American football player (Alexander City)
Condoleezza Rice, former U.S. Secretary of State
Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia founder (Huntsville)
1819 establishments in the United States
Arizona is a state in the United States of America.
It is considered part of the Southwestern United States and is bordered by New Mexico to the east, Utah to the north, Nevada to the northwest, California to the west, its northeast corner touches part of Colorado, this area is known as the Four Corners.
To the south of Arizona is the country Mexico with which it shares a border of 389 miles (626 km).
The state is called the "Grand Canyon State" and the "Copper State" as it is the home of the Grand Canyon and has produced large amounts of copper from its mineral deposits.
Arizona became a state on February 14th, 1912 and became the 48th state accepted into the United States.
The state capital is Phoenix, which also is the largest city in the state.
Phoenix is the largest capital city in the US.
Arizona's climate can be very hot.
In Phoenix, the average temperature is about 107 degrees Fahrenheit (42 degrees Celsius) in summer.
Arizona is home to 22 different Native American tribes, including the Navajo (Diné), Hopi, and Tohono O'odham communities.
Arizona is the sixth largest state in area, after New Mexico and before Nevada.
Of the state's , about 15% is privately owned.
The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land and Native American reservations.
Arizona is best known for its desert landscape.
It has plants such as the cactus.
It is also known for its climate, which has very hot summers and mild winters.
Less well known is the pine-covered high country of the Colorado Plateau in the north-central part of the state.
Mountains and plateaus are found in more than half of the state.
27% of Arizona is forest.
The largest stand of Ponderosa pine trees in the world is in Arizona.
The Grand Canyon is a colorful, steep-sided gorge.
It is made by the Colorado River in northern Arizona.
The canyon is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.
Most of the canyon is in the Grand Canyon National Park—one of the first national parks in the United States.
Arizona is home to a well-kept meteorite impact site.
The Barringer Crater (better known simply as “Meteor Crater”) is a huge hole in the middle of the high plains of the Colorado Plateau.
It is about  west of Winslow.
A rim of smashed and jumbled boulders, some of them the size of small houses, rises  above the level of the surrounding plain.
The crater is nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, and  deep.
Meteor Crater is a popular tourist attraction.
It is privately owned by the Barringer family through the Barringer Crater Company.
There is an admission fee charged to see the crater.
Arizona state amphibian: Arizona Treefrog (Hyla eximia)
Arizona state bird: Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)
Arizona state butterfly: Two-tailed Swallowtail (Papilio multicaudata)
Arizona state colors: Federal Blue and old gold
Arizona state fish: Arizona Trout (Oncorhynchus gilae apache)
Arizona state flag: Flag of the State of Arizona
Arizona state flower: Saguaro blossom (Carnegiea gigantea)
Arizona state fossil: Petrified wood
Arizona state gemstone: Turquoise
Arizona state mammal: Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus)
Arizona state motto: Ditat Deus (Latin God enriches)
Arizona state neckwear: Bolo tie
Arizona state reptile: Arizona Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi)
Arizona state seal: Great Seal of the State of Arizona
Arizona state slogan: Grand Canyon State
Arizona state songs: "Arizona March Song" (by Margaret Rowe Clifford) and "Arizona" (by Rex Allen, Jr.)
Arizona state tree: Blue Palo Verde (Parkinsonia florida)
Arizona state gun: Colt Single Action Army revolver
1912 establishments in the United States
Bolivia , officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a country in South America.
It is land locked by Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Peru, and Chile.
Luis Alberto Arce Catacora became the president of Bolivia in November 2020.
Bolivia is named after Simón Bolívar.
The main languages are Spanish and Quechua, but there are other languages too.
Bolivia used to be a colony of Spain.
The silver mines in Bolivia made most of Spain's money, and Spain used Bolivians as slaves to work in the mines.
Bolivia is 424,135 mi² (1,098,581 km²).
This means that Bolivia is the world's 28th-largest country (after Ethiopia).
It is the same sort of size as Mauritania.
Bolivia is a landlocked nation, which means every border of Bolivia is a border with another country, and so it does not have a sea.
It used to own some of the Pacific coast, but it lost it in 1879 in the War of the Pacific.
The west of Bolivia is on the Andes mountain range.
The highest mountain in Bolivia is called Nevado de Sajama and it is near the city of Oruro.
Although this part of the country is very high with lots of mountains, there are also parts of Bolivia which are very flat, and parts of the country which are very near sea level.
There is also a bit of Bolivia covered by the Amazon rainforest, and a big lake which is the highest lake in the world.
This lake is called Lake Titicaca.
The major cities are La Paz, El Alto, Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Cochabamba.
For other places in Bolivia see List of cities in Bolivia.
The population of Bolivia is approximately 10,907,778 people.
The ethnic composition of the country is like the following:
62%: Native American.
26%: Mestizo.
10%: White.
2%: Black
Bolivia suffers from poverty.
Over 65% of the population lives below the poverty line.
Bolivia is divided into nine departments.
The departments are divided into 112 provinces.
The provinces are divided into 339 municipalities and into native community lands.
Bolivian culture has many Inca, Aymara and other native influences in religion, music and clothing.
There is a big festival in Oruro, which is called "El carnaval de Oruro".
People in Bolivia like playing football, and football, which is often played in the street.
Zoos are also very popular, but they do not have much money.
The Cantuta (often spelled kantuta or qantuta) (Cantua buxifolia or Fuchsia buxifolia) is a flower found in the Yungas, and is the national flower of Bolivia along with the patujú (Heliconia rostrata) found in the tropical regions of Bolivia.
Bolivia map
Its official name is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Its capital and largest city is Boston.
It is on the east coast of the United States.
It is next to the Atlantic Ocean and the states of Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire.
The word Massachusetts comes from Native American language.
It means "place with hills."
Massachusetts was one of the first places that European people lived when they came to America.
It was one of the first American colonies.
The Pilgrims from Plymouth, England came to America for religious freedom in 1620.
Massachusetts is home to some of the United States more prestigious universities, such as Harvard University.
Massachusetts is also one of the richest states in the United States.
Its major cities are Boston, Worcester, Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts and Plymouth, Massachusetts
List of cities and towns in Massachusetts
Tallahassee is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida.
As of the 2010 census, its population was 181,376.
The name comes from the Apalachee Native American words: talwa meaning town, and ahassee meaning old.
Tallahassee was created as the capital of Florida during the territory's second legislative session.
It was chosen as the midpoint between St. Augustine and Pensacola, which had been the capitals of the Spanish and British colonies of East Florida and West Florida, respectively. (
At that time, very few people lived in the swamps of South Florida.)
The first session of Florida's Legislative Council–as a territory of the United States–met on July 22, 1822 at Pensacola and members from St. Augustine traveled fifty-nine days by water to attend.
The second session was in St. Augustine and required western delegates to travel perilously around the peninsula on a twenty-eight day trek.
During this session, it was decided that future meetings should be held at a half-way point to reduce the distance.
Two appointed commissioners selected Tallahassee, at that point an abandoned Apalachee settlement, as a halfway point.
In 1824, the third legislative session met there in a crude log capitol.
Also in 1824, Marquis de Lafayette, French hero of the American Revolution, returned for a grand tour of the United States.
The US Congress voted to give him $200,000 (the same amount he had given the colonies in 1778), US citizenship, and the Lafayette Land Grant,  of land that today includes large portions of Tallahassee.
In 1845, a Greek revival masonry structure was erected as the Capitol building in time for statehood.
In 1977, a 23-story high-rise Capitol building designed by architect Edward Durell Stone was completed.
It is now the third-tallest state capitol building in the United States.
In 1978, the old capitol was scheduled for demolition, but the State Of Florida decided to keep the Old Capitol as a museum and point of interest.
1824 establishments in Florida Territory
March 19 – Pope Gregory IX succeeds Pope Honorius III as the 178th pope.
August 18 – Genghis Khan
Thomas Alderton Skerritt (August 25, 1933) is an American actor.
He is best known for his roles in the films M*A*S*H (1970), Alien (1979), and Top Gun (1986).
Trossingen is a town in South Germany (Baden-Württemberg).
It is in a region called Baar, between the Swabian Alb and the Black Forest.
Trossingen is called a "music town".
It has around 16,000 people who live there, there is the 'University of Music Trossingen', which is one of Baden-Württemberg's state conservatories, and there are other institutions specialized in musical education, like the 'Bundesakademie für musikalische Jugendbildung'  and the 'Hohner Konservatorium'.
In 1857 the Matthias Hohner company was founded.
Today, Hohner harmonicas and accordions are famous all over the world.
Trossingen houses the German Harmonica Museum, too.
Trossingen also has a historic railway: the Trossinger Eisenbahn.
Several skeletons of the dinosaur Plateosaurus engelhardti were found in Trossingen during excavations in the early 20th century.
The local museum Auberlehaus houses several of the original bones.
Stuttgart (capital of Baden-Württemberg): about .
Berlin (capital of Germany): about .
the Black forest: about .
Switzerland: about .
The Smurfs are fictional little blue beings created by Peyo, a Belgian cartoonist.
They first appeared in 1958, and later in a cartoon television show created by Hanna-Barbera Productions in the 1980s.
On September 12, 1981, they were featured on NBC on Saturday mornings as a cartoon series.
The little blue creatures from Belgium became popular among all ages.
A feature movie called The Smurfs was released in 2011.
The Smurfs 2 was a sequel released July 31, 2013.
The smurfs are very small.
In cartoons in which they appear with humans, they are small enough to stand on a human hand.
Most Smurfs are male.
There are only 3 females in the village: Smurfette, Sassette Smurfling, and Nanny Smurf.
Most Smurfs wear white pants and white Phrygian caps.
Papa Smurf, Grandpa Smurf, and some of the Smurflings dress differently.
Grandpa Smurf wears yellow clothes and Papa Smurf wears red clothes.
The Smurflings are Sassette, Snappy, Slouchy, and Nat.
Sassette and Nat do not dress like the other Smurfs at all, while Slouchy and Nat do dress like the others.
In some comics, the Smurfs dress differently in color or clothing.
Smurfette, one of the female Smurfs
Papa Smurf, the village leader
Brainy Smurf, a intellectual show-off
Vanity Smurf, is a narcissist.
He has a flower in his hat.
He often holds a hand mirror, staring into his own reflection.
In the Hanna-Barbera cartoon series, Vanity speaks in a feminine voice.
Grouchy Smurf, is a grouch
Handy Smurf, is a mechanic and inventor.
Hefty Smurf, strong Smurf
Sassette Smurfling, the only female Smurfling
Greedy Smurf, the village's baker
Natural Smurf or Nat Smurfling, can communicate with animals.
Grandpa Smurf, the former "Papa Smurf"
Nanny Smurf, the oldest female Smurf
Tailor Smurf, makes clothes
Gustey a brave smurf
Gargamel, a human, and the enemy of the Smurfs.
Gargamel is an evil wizard who is absolutely obsessed with the Smurfs.
His main goal changes.
Sometimes he wants to catch Smurfs to eat them.
Most of the time he tries to capture them for use in a potion to make gold.
Sometimes it is simply getting revenge.
Azrael, is Gargamel's cat and chases Smurfs.
Scruple, is Gargamel's assistant who failed wizard school.
He was introduced later in the series.
Muckno Mania festival breaks world record
Istanbul () is a mega city that sits in both Europe and Asia divided by the Bosporus.
Although the largest city of Turkey its not the capital.
It is the largest city in Europe by population.
It is also the 3rd largest European city in size.
It was the capital city of the old Ottoman Empire until 1923.
The city has been known since ancient times by the older names Byzantium and Constantinople (; , Konstantinoúpolis).
Being a seaport, Istanbul is the main trade center of Turkey.
Istanbul faces the Golden Horn and the Bosporus strait.
The Bosphorus connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, and separates Europe and Asia.
The city is actually in both Europe and Asia.
One third of the people live on the Asian side.
Its population is between 11 and 15 million people, making it one of the largest cities in Europe.
Many people migrate to Istanbul every year.
Its original name was Byzantion in the Greek language, known as Byzantium in the Latin language.
Byzantium was originally settled as a colony by Greeks from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king, Byzas.
In 196 AD, Byzantium was damaged by the Romans, then rebuilt by the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus.
Constantine the Great thought this city was in a nice location, and in 330, moved the capital of the Empire from Rome to there, as New Rome (Latin: Nova Roma; , Nea Rómi), renaming the city Constantinople, after his name.
When the Roman Empire was later divided into two, the East Roman Empire was known as the Byzantine Empire, and its capital was in Constantinople where Hagia Sophia had been built.
Although it was captured by Crusaders for a time, it continued as one of political, cultural, religious and economical centers of Europe until it finally fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
Istanbul became the capital of the Ottoman Empire in 1453.
After the Ottoman Empire ended, the Republic of Turkey was started with its capital at Ankara.
Audioguide Seslirehber Istanbul Turkey
Extensive information on Architect Sinan's works in Istanbul
World Heritage Sites in Turkey
ABBA is a Swedish pop music group, who had many hits in the 1970s in Stockholm and early 1980s.
ABBA was the most commercially successful pop group of the 1970s.
The name "ABBA" is made from the first letter of each member's first name:
A gnetha Fältskog
B jörn Ulvaeus
B enny Andersson, and
A nni-Frid Lyngstad.
ABBA became very popular after they won the Eurovision Song Contest in 1974.
They had many hits.
These included "Dancing Queen", "SOS", "Money, Money, Money", "Mamma Mia", and "Waterloo".
Most of their songs were written by Ulvaeus and Andersson.
They originally broke up in 1982, but their music is still popular.
It has appeared in movies (including the Australian movies The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert and Muriel's Wedding).
The stage musical Mamma Mia!
was developed from their music and subsequently made into a 2008 movie followed ten years later by a 2018 sequel Mamma Mia!
All four ABBA members had local music careers before ABBA even formed.
Frida and Agnetha were both solo singers.
Benny and Bjorn both had their own individual bands.
In 1966, Benny and Bjorn both met and decided to write songs together.
In 1969, Bjorn met Agnetha and Benny met Frida.
All four friends met together and decided to work together to record songs.
By 1970, they were known as "Bjorn & Benny (With Svenska Flicka)".
Later they were called Bjorn & Benny, Agnetha & Frida.
Their first hit was a song called "Hej, gamle man".
By 1971, Bjorn and Agnetha were married and Benny and Frida were engaged. "
Ring Ring" in 1973 was when the group achieved success throughout much of Europe and Africa.
It wasn't until 1973 that the group became officially known as ABBA.
The name was suggested by their manager, Stig Anderson.
In 1974, ABBA was given a chance to perform in the Eurovision Song Contest.
With "Waterloo", they won and soon got global success.
In 1976, ABBA released Dancing Queen, which is often known as ABBA's "signature song" and "one of the greatest pop songs ever written".
During 1977, their huge popularity became known as "Abbamania".
In Australia, ABBA played in huge concerts that usually always sold out.
"ABBA: The Movie" was also released in 1977 during the height of the group's popularity.
Throughout the mid and late 1970's ABBA performed in Europe, The United States, Japan and Australia.
In early 1979, Agnetha and Bjorn divorced.
In early 1981, Frida and Benny also got divorced.
This led to many sadder and more mature songs over the next few years.
By 1981, ABBA's popularity was declining.
Their last album, "The Visitors" a not a big success like previous albums.
The Day Before You Came was the last song ABBA ever recorded together, while Under Attack was the last song ever released, both in 1982.
ABBA broke up shortly before 1983 and all members continued on their independent music careers, just like before they had met.
Ring Ring (1973)
Waterloo (1974)
ABBA (1975)
Arrival (1977)
ABBA: The Album (1977)
Voulez-Vous (1979)
Super Trouper (1980)
The Visitors (1981)
Voyage (2021)
Famous hit songs
Mamma Mia (1975)
Fernando (1976)
Dancing Queen (1976)
Money Money Money (1976)
Take a Chance on Me (1977)
Chiquitita (1978)
Gimme Gimme Gimme (1979)
The Winner Takes It All (1980)
Other songs
People Need Love (1972)
Another Town, Another Train (1973)
Honey Honey (1974)
So Long (1974)
I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do (1974)
SOS (1975)
Hey, Hey, Helen (1975)
That's Me (1976)
Dum Dum Diddle (1976)
Knowing Me, Knowing You (1977)
The Name of the Game (1977)
Eagle (1977)
Hole in Your Soul (1977)
Summer Night City (1978)
Does Your Mother Know (1979)
Kisses of Fire (1979)
I Have A Dream (1979)
Happy New Year (1980)
Me And I (1980)
Lay All Your Love On Me (1980)
One Of Us (1981)
When All Is Said And Done (1981)
Cassandra (1982)
Under Attack (1982)
The Day Before You Came (1982)
I Still Have Faith in You (2018)
Don’t Shut Me Down (2018)
1970s Swedish music groups
1980s Swedish music groups
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Musical groups disestablished in 1982
Musical groups established in 1972
Swedish pop music groups
1972 establishments in Sweden
1982 disestablishments in Europe
1980s disestablishments in Sweden
Gregg Allman (December 8, 1947 – May 27, 2017) was an American rock musician.
He was a member of the Allman Brothers Band with his brother, Duane Allman, which popularized Southern Rock in the 1970s.
He married Cher, a well-known pop singer and actress after she divorced Sonny Bono in 1974.
They had a son, Elijah Blue Allman, before divorcing in 1979.
Until recently, he had continued to perform with his band Gregg Allman and Friends and last resided in Georgia with his family.
Following a series of health problems,  Allman died at his home in Savannah, Georgia, on May 27, 2017 due to complications of liver cancer.
He was 69.
2017 deaths
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Southern rock musicians
Gospel musicians
The Allman Brothers Band were an American southern rock band in the 1970s.
It originally formed in 1969 with Duane Allman (slide guitar), Gregg Allman (vocals, organ), Dickey Betts (guitar), Berry Oakley (bass guitar), Butch Trucks (drums) and Jai Johanny "Jaimoe" Johanson (drums).
In 1971, soon after their first album went gold, Duane and Berry were killed in separate motorcycle accidents in the group's hometown of Macon, Georgia.
The group still released  more albums and songs, most notably Ramblin' Man and Jessica, which were their biggest hits.
Rolling Stone ranked them 52nd on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time in 2004.
The band is still touring as of 2008.
The Allman Brothers Band (1969)
Idlewild South (1970)
At Fillmore East (1971)
Eat a Peach (1972)
Brothers and Sisters (1973)
Win, Lose or Draw (1975)
Enlightened Pogues (1979)
Reach for the Sky (1980)
Brothers of the Road (1981)
Seven Turns (1990)
Shades of Two Worlds (1991)
Where it All Begins (1994)
Peakin' at the Beacon (2000)
Hittin' the Note (2003)
Official Allman Brothers' website
The Allman Brothers Band  at RollingStone.com
Musicians from Jacksonville, Florida
Southern rock bands
1960s establishments in Florida
1976 disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Florida
Musical groups established in 1978
1970s establishments in Florida
The John Frost Bridge is a bridge in Arnhem.
It was bombed after Operation Market Garden in September 1944.
Some parts of the bridge are still the same as they were in 1944.
Transport in the Netherlands
The Vengaboys are a Dutch pop music group.
The group is made up of DJ Danski and DJ Delmondo.
They toured Spanish beach parties in a bus.
The group formed in 1992.
They added four dancers in 1995-1996 and toured through Europe.
Their first song was Up & Down.
It was released in March 1997.
The group is popular across Europe and have had some popularity in the United States.
Their music is Eurodance.
1990s Dutch music groups
2000s Dutch music groups
Dance music groups
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI (; ; , born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger on 16 April 1927) is Pope Emeritus of the Catholic Church.
He served as the 265th Pope from 2005 to 2013.
In that position, he was both the leader of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Vatican City State.
Benedict was elected on 19 April 2005 in a papal conclave after the death of Pope John Paul II.
He celebrated his papal inauguration Mass on 24 April 2005.
He took possession of his cathedral, the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, on 7 May 2005.
On 11 February 2013, Benedict announced his resignation in a speech in Latin before the cardinals.
His reason was a "lack of strength of mind and body" because of his old age.
His resignation became effective on 28 February 2013.
He was the first pope to resign since Pope Gregory XII in 1415.
He was the first to resign by choice since Pope Celestine V in 1294.
As Pope Emeritus, Benedict retains the style of His Holiness, and the title of Pope.
He will continue to dress in the papal colour of white.
He was succeeded by Pope Francis on 13 March 2013.
He moved into the newly renovated Mater Ecclesiae monastery for his retirement on 2 May 2013.
In September 2020, Benedict XVI became the longest-lived pope at aged 93.
Ratzinger was ordained as a Catholic priest in 1951.
He was a professor at several German universities, including the University of Bonn and the University of Münster.
He also taught at the University of Tübingen.
and the University of Regensburg.
He became Dean of the College of Cardinals.
He was a close friend of Pope John Paul II.
In January 2022 a report written by a German law firm found that Benedict XVI had failed to act over four cases of child abuse when he was in charge as Archbishop of Munich.
He has denied these reports.
In 2005, Cardinal Ratzinger was elected Pope at the age of 78.
At the conclave, "it was, if not Ratzinger, who?
And as they came to know him, the question became, why not Ratzinger?"
He chose to be called Benedict XVI.
On 11 February 2013, the pope announced that he would abdicate or resign on 28 February 2013: "I have come to the certainty that my strengths, due to an advanced age, are no longer suited to an adequate exercise of the Petrine ministry."
The original declaration was made in Latin.
He is the first pope to resign since Pope Gregory XII in 1415.
He decided to resign then retired on February 28, 2013 in order to take care of his health condition.
Introduction to Christianity (1968)
Einführung in das Christentum: Vorlesungen über das Apostolische Glaubensbekenntnis (1968)
Das neue Volk Gottes: Entwürfe zur Ekklesiologie (1969)
Der Gott Jesu Christi: Betrachtungen über den Dreieinigen Gott (1976)
Eschatologie : Tod und ewiges Leben (1977)
Principles of Catholic theology: building stones for a fundamental theology (1985)
Politik und Erlösung: zum Verhältnis von Glaube, Rationalität und Irrationalem in der sogenannten Theologie der Befreiung (1986)
Jesus of Nazareth: from the baptism in the Jordan to the transfiguration (2007)
Without roots: the West, relativism, Christianity, Islam (2006)
Georg Ratzinger (brother)
Vatican webpage,  Benedict XVI biography
Pope Benedict XVI Hats
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger