the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The movie The Lost Boys was about a band of vampires in California.
Among many other stories about vampires are The Southern Vampire Mysteries, which led to the television show True Blood.
In stories, garlic is often used for keeping vampires away, but it does not actually affect them.
Vervain is used to hurt vampires, and in Europe, Though this is not traditional, mirrors have been used to make vampires stay away (in some cultures, vampires do not have a reflection and sometimes do not have a shadow, perhaps as a way of showing that they do not have souls).
Not all vampires in stories have this quality (the Greek vrykolakas/tympanios had both reflections and shadows), was used by Bram Stoker in Dracula.
In addition to this, in Bram Stoker's Dracula, it is mentioned that  wolf's-bane (or  Aconitum) can be used to repel dracula.
The reason for this in the novel it is explained dracula is the Wolfman, and can transform into one just as easily as a bat.
Rabid people have trouble walking.
They are sexually very active and can be aggressive.
They may bite, while they are in this frenzy.
Very often they have cramps, or seizures.
They often bite their tongue during such cramps.
This may lead to them bleeding from their mouth.
Rabies can be spread by biting
Many diseases of the brain make people sensitive to light.
Many diseases of the brain make people have difficulty swallowing.
This is the fear of water.
The problem with this is that rabid people, especially in advanced stages of the disease, will live for about ten days, at best.
This does not account for them getting out of ditches and graves over weeks or months.
Another explanation was given by other people.
The disease might be porphyria, rather than rabies.
Porphyria is a genetic condition that leads to differences when the body makes blood.
Some parts of the blood can not be made in sufficient quantities.
Writers for the Toronto Garlic Festival say people with porphyria do not like to eat foods that have sulfur in them, and garlic has sulfur in it.
Psychological disorders can contribute to vampiric behavior.
As well as the fact that drinking blood has always been believed to give you the strength of the one you drink from.
That belief stems all the way back to ancient civilizations.
There are people in the real world who like to dress and behave like a vampire.
Some of them may also drink blood.
Academic degree  awarded by a university to people who graduate from it
A degree is a unit of how we measure temperature
degree (angle) in geometry, 1/360th of a circle
degree (mathematics), the highest power of x occurring inside a polynomial
An academic degree is a certification students get when they graduate from a university.
It shows they successfully completed their classes, and passed a final examination.
It is an official credential.
The length of courses, and the number of courses vary depending on which college is attended.
In the U.S.A. high schools give out diplomas to graduating students.
These are not degrees.
Associate's degree: this is typically a 2-year degree, often obtained at a junior college.
Bachelor's degree: this is typically a 3 or 4-year degree.
Licentiate: a degree given in some countries.
It carries the permission (licence) to teach and practice in the area concerned.
Its level varies according to the country, mostly at bachelor's level or above.
Sometimes it represents a higher degree.
Master's degree: this is typically a 1 or 2 year degree, earned by attending advanced courses and doing projects.
Doctoral degree: this is typically a 4-to-6-year degree, where a person must write a thesis based on new research in their field of study.
In medicine, membership of specialist societies are also degrees, and Fellowships are higher degrees.
Examples: MRCP = Member of the Royal College of Physicians.
These degrees require postgraduate training and practical experience.
The college courses needed for a master's degree, or for a doctorate, are often highly advanced, difficult subjects, and they would be extremely difficult to understand unless a person had already attended the undergraduate courses.
The reason the upper-level courses are so difficult, so hard to understand, is that they assume the person already knows, perhaps, 1,000 technical terms learned in earlier college courses.
This is similar to having to know the Latin names of all 206 bones in the human body, as just part of those technical terms.
In many countries these degrees are shown by letters which the person is allowed to put after their name, e.g. John Smith, BA.
A bachelor's degree is usually the degree received at the end of a first degree.
While the student is studying for a degree he or she is an "undergraduate".
When he graduates he is a "graduate".
He may continue with his studies and receive a master's degree or do some original work and write a thesis to get a doctor's degree (which does not mean a Doctor of Medicine).
A Juris Doctor (JD) is earned by completing law school in the United States, Canada, Australia, and other common law countries.
In the United States and elsewhere, those holding a JD must pass an examination in order to practice law.
Bachelor of Arts (BA)
Bachelor of Science (BSc)
Bachelor of Music (BMus)
Master of Arts (MA)
Master of Science (MS or MSc)
Master of Music (MMus)
Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Doctor of Medicine (MD or MB, ChB or other variations)
Doctor of Music (DMus)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or D.Phil)
High school is a kind of school, a place where people go to learn skills for future jobs.
In a three-part system such as in the United States, children go to high school after middle school ("junior high").
In a two-party system such as in the United Kingdom, the change is from primary school to secondary school at 11 years of age.
In the United States, a high school is a school that students go to usually for grades 9 through 12, from the ages of about 14-15 to about 17-18.
It is also the last school that the law requires the student to go to.
However, students with behavioral issues that are too much for the school to handle are not required to attend.
This is called expulsion.
Some states have an age or certain grade where a student does not have to attend school, this is called the compulsory age, for example in New York, students below 17 years of age are required to attend school unless the child is excused.
Some people may choose to take some tests called GED (General Education Development) as another way to finish high school.
A student is allowed by law to stop going to high school after a certain age without having graduated.
In most this is 16, however, in a few states, it is 18 or higher, for example, Wisconsin.
In the United Kingdom the law requires the student to go to school until 16.
The term 'high school' is only used in Scotland.
USA and Canada
In the United States and Canada, public schools are schools that are paid for by the government.
They are open to all students who live nearby without any charge.
They are usually paid for through property taxes that are applied to everyone who owns buildings in the area around the school.
Public schools greatly expanded  in the United States in the 19th century.
Every U.S. state now has free public schools.
Some people think that public schools have done a bad job of education in the United States.
One solution has been to give "vouchers" to parents that help them send their children to private schools.
Critics say this takes money away that could go to improving public schools.
UK and Commonwealth
In the United Kingdom, public schools are independent fee-paying schools like Eton College.
They are called 'public' because they accept students from anywhere  not just people living nearby in the school area.
Some are boarding schools, where students can sleep and live at school during the school term.
The public schools have an association called the Headmasers' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Junior schools which prepare children for entry into public schools are called Preparatory schools ('prep' schools).
The term "public school", for what are actually privately owned schools, is historical.
It dates from the UK Public Schools Act 1868 which set the framework for seven leading English boys' schools, which were:
Charterhouse School
Shrewsbury School
To these should be added other fee-paying schools which have first-class reputations.
These would include:
St. Paul's School
Tonbridge School
Dulwich School
Wellington School
Others of note include Fettes College in Edinburgh, which is co-educational.
This is very unusual for a public school.
By independent" is meant fee-paying, and therefore not run by the public authorities.
Public schools have a very good record of getting their pupils into elite universities, such as Cambridge and Oxford.
They educate the sons and daughters of the British upper and upper-middle classes.
In particular, the sons of officers and senior administrators of the British Empire were educated in England while their parents were on overseas postings.
In 2010, over half of Cabinet Ministers had been educated at public schools.
In 2018, annual fees at Eton were up to £48,500 for boarders.
Therefore, although some scholarships are available, most students come from wealthy families.
The leading public schools are challenged only by Manchester Grammar School, which was for many years the leading state-funded grammar school.
It is now a fee-paying independent school.
It made this change when the Labour government in 1976 chose to abolish the Direct Grant System.
This would have given the government powers to change the school in ways with which it did not agree.
Girls' schools
Public schools for girls have a similar unofficial ranking, though more of them are day schools.
The best-known girls public school is Cheltenham Ladies' College.
The Girls' Schools Association (GSA) is the body for independent girls' schools.
It has over a hundred schools as members.
The GSA is a member of the Independent Schools Council.
First, an historical note.
Up to and including the 19th century girls from "good families" were educated at home by governesses and tutors.
This applies very widely across the world, not just in England.
The other controversial issue is whether girls should be educated with boys or not.
Here the United States is one extreme and Muslim countries the other extreme.
Even in England, co-education is almost universal at primary level, but are not common at secondary level except in the state education sector.
Another point of difference in England is that girls from wealthy families are more likely to be educated abroad than are boys.
Expensive independent schools in French-speaking Switzerland are often chosen.
It has not gone unnoticed that, by having such options, the wealthy give their children advantages which the children of ordinary people never get.
Bedford Girls' School
James Allen's Girls' School: Known as "JAGS": a day school
Manchester High School for Girls
Schools in the United Kingdom
Schools in the United States
Seoul () is the biggest city of the Republic of Korea (South Korea), and its capital.
Its official name is Seoul Special City ( Seoul Teukbyeolsi).
It has a population of 10 million which is about 1/5 of the Korean population and 1/7 of Korea peninsula, and covers an area of 610 km² that is only 0.6% of South Korea.
It is the 6th most populated city in the world, and 7th most crowded.
Seoul is the center of politics, economy, culture, transportation, and education for South Korea.
Seoul is in the middle of the Korean Peninsula.
Han River (한강 Han-gang) is a major river in South Korea and the fourth longest river on the Korean peninsula.
This river goes across Central Seoul.
Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games and the 1988 Olympic Games.
It also hosted the 2007 World Schools Debating Championships.
Seoul is thought to be the capital of Baekje Kingdom (백제) from 18 BC.
At that time, the name of the city was Wiryeseong ().
Wiryeseong is thought to be Songpa-gu, Seoul.
During Silla Period (신라시대), Hanju (한주) was name of Seoul.
During Goryeo Period (고려시대), the name of Seoul was Namgyeong (남경) which means "the south capital".
There was a palace of Goryeo Dynasty.
Hanyang was name of Seoul in late Goryeo Period.
After establishment of Joseon Dynasty, the name of Seoul was Hanseong (한성) and Hanseong became the capital of Joseon Kingdom.
From 1910 to 1945 when Korea was under Japanese rule, the name of Seoul was Gyeongseong (경성).
Since South Korea was started in 1948, it has been the capital, except for a short time during the Korean War.
Seoul became a special city in 1948.
April 19th Revolution (4.19혁명) and June Revolution (6월 민주항쟁) was took place in Seoul.
The most famous soccer team in Seoul is FC Seoul.
Their stadium is Sang-am World cup Stadium.
It can seat 66,806 people.
Seoul has three famous baseball teams that all play as part of the Korea Baseball Organization.
One is The Doosan Bears and they have many famous players.
The LG Twins won the Korean Series in 1990 and 1994.
Both of these teams play at Jamsil Stadium.
Lastly The Nexen heroes who use Mokdong stadium .
Seoul has many stadiums such as Olympic stadium, Jamsil Stadium, Sang-am World Cup Stadium, and Mokdong Stadium.
Olympic Stadium was built in 1988 for the Olympics.
It was used for the opening and closing ceremonies.
World Cup stadium was used for several games in the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
Today, Korean is the official language in Seoul and is spoken in both North and South Korea.
Hangul is the alphabet for the written language.
Hangul(한글,Korean) was made by Sejong the Great in 1443.
Hangul has 19 consonants and 21 vowels and was said to be a scientific language patterned on the vocal organs.
Hangul replaced the Hanja, or Chinese characters, which were used before and are still occasionally used.
Seoul has been known in past by the names Wirye-seong (위례성), Hanju (한주), Namgyeong (남영), Hanseong (한성), Hanyang (한양), Gyeongseong (경성).
It’s current name comes from the Korean word meaning “capital city.”
The name Seoul is thought to come from the Seorabeol (서라벌) which is Gyeongju’s old name.
Gyeongju was the kingdom Silla’s capital city.
There are many universities in Seoul.
Seoul National University, Yonsei University, Korea University, Sungkyunkwan University, Chungang University are in Seoul too.
Seoul University is Korea’s first national university.
Yonsei University is widely acknowledged as one of the country’s oldest, largest and top-ranked universities in Korea.
Seoul’s transportation dates back to the Korean empire, when the first streetcar lines were laid and a railroad between Seoul and Incheon was completed.
Today, because of the effectiveness of Seoul’s transportation network it has become a great transportation center for Asia.
Seoul is connected to every big Korean city by the Korea Train eXpress high speed train, which goes more than 300km/h(186mph).
Seoul has a big subway that connects every part of the city and many other close cities.
Seoul bus system is operated by the Seoul metropolitan government, with four bus areas servicing most of the city.
There are two airports close to Seoul.
One is Gimpo International Airport, the other is Incheon International Airport .
Museums, Art Galleries, and Libraries
Museums and Art Galleries → See List of Museums in Seoul
National Library of Korea
National Assembly Library of Korea
Historic Sights
Changgyeong Palace
Changdeok Palace
Deoksu Palace
Gyeongbok Palace
Gyeonghui Palace
Donggwanwang Shrine
Hwangudan
Sajikdan
Seodaemun Prison
Royal Shrine of Joseon Dynasty
Pungnap Earthen Wall
Tourist Attractions
COEX
Insa-dong
Namsangol Hanok Village--Hanok is a traditional Korean house.
Samcheong-dong
Parks & Stadiums
Boramae Park
Children's Grand Park
Han River Citizens' Park
Mount Bukhan National Park
Seoul Forest
Seoul Olympic Park
World Cup Park
Yangjae Citizens' Forest
Yeoui Island Park
Performing Centers
Chongdong Theater
National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts
National Theater of Korea
Sejong Center for the Performing Arts
Broadcasing Stations
Korean Broadcasting System(KBS)
Educational Broadcasting System(EBS)
Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation(MBC)
Seoul Broadcasting System(SBS)
63 building
63 building is 249m high.
It has cinema (63 IMAX), observatory - 60th floor (63 Sky Art), aquarium (63 Seaworld), and lots of amenity.
The 63 building has 60 stories high and 3 stories below so it became 63 building.
The elevator’s speed is 540m/min.
Before Daehan Life Insurance’s building but it’s now Hanwha’s building.
N Seoul tower (Namsan Tower)
N Seoul tower is 236.7m high.
It has restaurant and observatory.
In the first floor, you can see Seoul only.
But you can see Incheon in the fifth floor.
YTN take over the building and it became YTN Seoul building (N Seoul building for short).
Gyeongbokgung is Joseon’s castle.
It has Gangnyeongjeon, Geunjeongjeon, Gwanghwamun, Gyeonghoeru, Gyotaejeon, Hyangwonjeong, Jagyeongjeon, Jibokjae, Sajeongjeon, Sujeongjeon, Taewonjeon, Donggung, and Geoncheonggung.
Sungnyemun is Joseon’s south big door.
It is national treasure number 1 in Korea.
But, it had a fire in 2008.
So it was fixed.
And on May 4th 2013, it was done.
413 - Emperor Honorius signs an edict providing tax relief for the provinces Tuscia, Campania, Picenum, Samnium, Apulia, Lucania and Calabria, which were plundered by the Visigoths.
1541 – Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River.
1654 - The Peace of Westminster ends the First Anglo-Dutch War.
1781 – Battle of Pensacola in Florida: Spanish troops reconquer Pensacola.
1788 - The French parliament is suspended to be replaced by the creation of forty-seven new courts.
1794 – French chemist Antoine Lavoisier is executed on the guillotine.
1821 - Greek War of Independence: The Greeks defeat the Turks at the Battle of Gravia Inn.
1842 – French explorer Jules Dumont D'Urville and his family, are among those killed in a major train crash.
1842 – The Great Fire of Hamburg is brought under control.
It had killed 51 people and made 20,000 homeless.
1846 - Mexican-American War: Battle of Palo Alto - Zachary Taylor defeats a Mexican force north of the Rio Grande in the first major battle of the war.
1861 - American Civil War: Richmond, Virginia is declared capital city of the Confederate States of America.
1886 – John Pemberton creates the drink that is now known as Coca-Cola.
1898 – The Italian football league is held for the first time; all in one day.
1901 - The Australian Labor Party is founded.
1902 – The Volcano Mt. Pelée erupts on the Caribbean Island of Martinique, killing 30,000 people.
1912 – Paramount Pictures is founded.
1919 - Edward George Honey proposes the idea of a Moment of Silence to commemorate the World War I Armistice on November 11.
1927 - Attempting to make the first Transatlantic flight from Paris to New York City, Frenchmen Charles Nungesser and Francois Coli disappear after taking off aboard the White Bird airplane.
1933 – Mahatma Gandhi begins a 21-day fast against British colonial oppression.
1941 - World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches a bombing raid on Nottingham and Derby.
1942 – World War II: In the Battle of the Coral Sea, a Japanese Navy aircraft attacks the ship USS Lexington.
1945 – End of World War II in Europe; this day is known as VE Day for "Victory in Europe".
1945 – Thousands of Algerian civilians are massacred by French colonial troops.
1945 – End of Prague uprising.
1963 - South Vietnamese soldiers of Catholic President Ngo Dinh Diem open fire on Buddhists who were defying a ban on the Buddhist flag, killing 9.
1967 - The Philippines province of Davao is spilt into three, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental.
1969 – The movie Easy Rider, starring Dennis Hopper, has its premiere in Cannes, France.
1970 – The last Beatles album, Let it Be, is released.
1973 – Members of the American Indian Movement leave the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, after a 71-day protest.
1976 - The rollercoaster "Revolution", the first steel coaster with a vertical loop, opens at Six Flags Magic Mountain.
1978 – Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler reach the top of Mt. Everest without Oxygen supplies, becoming the first people to do so.
1980 – The WHO announces the eradication of Smallpox.
1984 – The Soviet Union decides to boycott the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
1984 – The Thames Barrier officially opens.
1988 - Francois Mitterrand is elected to a second term as President of France.
1993 - Lennox Lewis wins his Heavyweight Boxing fight against Tony Tucker in Las Vegas.
1995 – The 50th anniversary of VE Day is marked.
1997 – A China Southeast Airlines Boeing 737 crashes at Shenzhen Bao'an Airport, killing 35 people.
2003 - A train is sliced in two in a collision with a tourist bus in Siofok, Hungary, killing 30 German bus passengers and the driver.
2007 – A new power-sharing deal takes effect in Northern Ireland.
Ian Paisley becomes First Minister and Martin McGuinness becomes his Deputy.
2007 - Archaeologists in Israel announce that they have discovered the grave of Herod the Great.
2008 – Silvio Berlusconi becomes Prime Minister of Italy for a third time.
2010 – Laura Chinchilla becomes President of Costa Rica.
2013 - Manchester United football manager Alex Ferguson announces his upcoming retirement, which takes effect  on May 19.
He had been in charge of the team for over 26-and-a-half years, making him one of the game's longest-serving managers.
David Moyes replaces him, but is already sacked on April 22, 2014.
2014 - The African National Congress wins elections in South Africa, allowing Jacob Zuma to serve a second full term as President.
2015 - 2015 Pakistan Army Mil Mi-17 crash: A helicopter carrying foreign diplomats crashes near Gilgit in the far north of Pakistan.
The Norwegian and Filipino Ambassadors are among those killed in the accident.
2015 - United Kingdom general election, 2015: As David Cameron starts his second term as Prime Minister, and the Scottish National Party adds 50 more MPs, three party leaders resign - Ed Miliband (Labour Party), Nick Clegg (Liberal Democrats) and Nigel Farage (UKIP).
Farage later decides to stay on as UKIP leader.
2018 - President Donald Trump decides to withdraw the United States from the Iran nuclear agreement.
2019 - The African National Congress wins the most votes in the elections held in South Africa, but with a reduced number of votes.
1326 – Joanna I of Auvergne, Queen of France (d. 1360)
1460 - Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1536)
1521 – Petrus Canisius, Dutch Jesuit (d. 1597)
1587 – Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1637)
1629 - Niels Juel, Danish admiral (d. 1697)
1639 - Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian painter (d. 1709)
1653 - Claude Louis Hector de Villars, French general (d. 1734)
1668 - Alain-René Lesage, French writer and playwright (d. 1747)
1720 – William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1764)
1735 – Nathaniel Dance-Holland, English painter (d. 1811)
1737 – Edward Gibbon, British historian (d. 1794)
1738 – Mikhail Kamensky, Russian general (d. 1809)
1744 - Nikolay Novikov, Russian writer (d. 1818)
1753 – Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1811)
1781 – Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela, Portuguese politician (d. 1850)
1786 – John Vianney, French priest and saint (d. 1859)
1818 - Samuel Leonard Tilley, Canadian politician, 3rd Premier of New Brunswick (d. 1896)
1821 – William Henry Vanderbilt, American businessman (d. 1885)
1824 - William Walker, American physician, lawyer, journalist and mercenary (d. 1860)
1828 – Henry Dunant, Swiss co-founder of the Red Cross, co-winner of first Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1910)
1828 - Charbel Makhluf, Lebanese monk and saint (d. 1898)
1847 – Oscar Hammerstein I, American theatre producer and impresario (d. 1919)
1856 – Pedro Lascuráin, Mexican politician, shortest-serving President (d. 1952)
1859 – Johan Jensen, Danish mathematician (d. 1925)
1867 - Albert, 8th Prince of Thurn and Taxis (d. 1952)
1874 - E. W. Marland, Governor of Oklahoma (d. 1941)
1884 – Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States (d. 1972)
1889 – Song Jin-woo, Korean politician, educationist and journalist (d. 1945)
1889 - Louis Van Hege, Belgian footballer (d. 1975)
1895 – James H. Kindelberger, American aviation executive (d. 1962)
1895 – Fulton J. Sheen, American bishop (d. 1979)
1895 – Edmund Wilson, American writer (d. 1972)
1895 – Joselito, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1920)
1898 - Aloysius Stepinac, Croatian cardinal (d. 1960)
1899 – Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist (d. 1992)
1902 – André Michel Lwoff, French microbiologist (d. 1994)
1903 – Fernandel, French comedy actor and singer (d. 1971)
1904 – John Snagge, British radio personality (d. 1996)
1905 – Red Nichols, American musician (d. 1965)
1906 – Roberto Rossellini, Italian movie director (d. 1977)
1909 – Count Lennart Bernadotte, Swedish royal (d. 2004)
1910 – Mary Lou Williams, American singer (d. 1981)
1911 – Robert Johnson, American blues musician (d. 1938)
1913 - Bob Clampett, American animator, producer and director (d. 1984)
1913 - Sid James, English actor (d. 1976)
1914 – Romain Gary, Polish writer (d. 1980)
1916 – Chinmayananda Saraswati, Indian spiritualist (d. 1993)
1916 – Joao Havelange, Brazilian sports official (d. 2016)
1917 - John Anderson, Jr., American politician, 36th Governor of Kansas (d. 2014)
1919 - Lex Barker, American actor (d. 1973)
1920 – Saul Bass, American graphic designer and movie maker (d. 1996)
1920 – Tom of Finland, Finnish fetish artist (d. 1991)
1923 - Cheikha Rimitti, Algerian singer (d. 2006)
1924 - Tapan Raychaudhuri, Indian historian (d. 2014)
1925 – Ali Hassan Mwinyi, former President of Tanzania
1926 – David Attenborough, British naturalist, TV presenter and writer
1926 – Don Rickles, American actor (d. 2017)
1927 - Laszlo Paskai, Hungarian cardinal (d. 2015)
1928 – Manfred Gerlach, East German politician (d. 2011)
1928 - Ted Sorensen, American lawyer and 8th White House counsel (d. 2010)
1929 - Girija Devi, Indian singer (d. 2017)
1929 - Miyoshi Umeki, Japanese actress (d. 2007)
1930 - Doug Atkins, American baseball player (d. 2015)
1930 - Heather Harper, Irish-English soprano (d. 2019)
1930 - Gary Snyder, American poet
1932 – Phyllida Law, Scottish actress
1932 – Sonny Liston, American boxer (d. 1970)
1935 – Jack Charlton, English footballer
1935 – Princess Elisabeth of Denmark (d. 2018)
1936 – Kazuo Koike, Japanese manga artist
1937 – Thomas Pynchon, American writer
1938 – Jean Giraud, French comic book artist and production designer (d. 2012)
1939 - Paul Drayton, American sprinter (d. 2010)
1940 – Peter Benchley, American writer (d. 2006)
1940 – Ricky Nelson, American singer and actor (d. 1985)
1940 - Irwin Cotler, Canadian politician
1940 - Toni Tennille, American singer (Captain & Tennille)
1941 - James Traficant, American politician (d. 2014)
1942 - Norman Lamont, British politician
1943 - Pat Barker, British writer
1944 – Bill Legend, British musician
1944 – Gary Glitter, British musician
1945 – Keith Jarrett, American musician
1945 - Mike German, Baron German, Welsh politician
1946 – Jonathan Dancy, British philosopher
1947 – John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan, British politician
1947 – H. Robert Horvitz, American biologist
1947 – Felicity Lott, British singer
1947 - Aram I, Armenian church leader
1948 – Norbert Nigbur, German footballer
1949 – Mohammed bin Hammam, Qatari FIFA official
1951 – Philip Bailey, American musician (Earth, Wind & Fire)
1951 – Chris Frantz, rock musician
1952 – Charles Camarda, American astronaut
1953 – Alex Van Halen, Dutch-American musician
1953 – Billy Burnette, American singer-songwriter
1954 – Pam Arciero, American voice actress
1954 – John Michael Talbot, American monk, singer and musician
1954 - Clive Wood, English actor
1955 – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister and President of Ethiopia (d. 2012)
1955 – Asgeir Sigurvinsson, Icelandic footballer
1956 - David Provan, Scottish footballer
1957 – Marie Myriam, French singer
1958 – Roddy Doyle, Irish writer
1958 – Kevin McCloud, English writer, designer and television presenter
1958 – Lovie Smith, American football coach
1958 – Simone Kleinsma, Dutch musical theatre actress
1958 – Brooks Newmark, American-English politician
1959 – Ronnie Lott, American football player
1959 – David Pearce, British professional boxer (d. 2000)
1960 – Franco Baresi, Italian footballer
1961 – Akira Taue, Japanese professional wrestler
1961 – Bill de Blasio, Mayor of New York City
1961 – Andrea Pollack, German swimmer (d. 2019)
1962 – David Sole, Scottish rugby player
1962 – Natalia Molchanova, Russian diver (d. 2015)
1963 – Michel Gondry, French director and screenwriter
1963 – Aleksandr Kovalenko, Soviet triple jumper
1963 - Anthony Field, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
1964 – Dave Rowntree, British musician (Blur)
1964 – Melissa Gilbert, American actress
1965 – Mario Frick, Liechtenstein politician
1967 – Viviana Durante, Italian ballet dancer
1968 – Chris Lighty, American music executive and talent agent (d. 2012)
1968 – Nathalie Normandeau, Canadian politician
1969 – Akebono Taro, American sumo wrestler
1970 – Luis Enrique Martínez García, Spanish footballer
1970 – Naomi Klein, Canadian author and activist
1971 – Shaolin, Brazilian cartoonist, comedian and presenter (d. 2016)
1972 – Darren Hayes, Australian singer
1973 – Hiromu Arakawa, Japanese manga artist
1973 – Jesús Arellano, Mexican footballer
1973 – Marcus Brigstocke, English comedian
1974 – Korey Stringer, American football player (d. 2001)
1975 – Enrique Iglesias, Spanish singer
1976 – Martha Wainwright, Canadian singer-songwriter
1976 - Ian "H" Watkins, Welsh singer and actor
1977 - Joe Bonamassa, American musician
1977 – Bad News Brown, Canadian rapper (d. 2011)
1978 – Matthew Davis, American actor
1978 – Lúcio, Brazilian footballer
1979 - Gennaro Sardo, Italian footballer
1980 - Evgeny Lebedev, Russian businessman and newspaper owner
1980 – Michelle McManus, Scottish singer
1981 - Stephen Amell, Canadian actor
1981 – Andrea Barzagli, Italian footballer
1982 – Buakaw Banchamek, Thai Muay-Thai boxer
1982 – Adrian Gonzalez, American baseball player
1983 - Elyes Gabel, English actor
1983 - Vicky McClure, English actress
1983 – Matt Willis, English singer (Busted)
1984 - Julia Whelan, American actress
1985 – Sarah Vaillancourt, Canadian ice hockey player
1986 - Galen Rupp, American long-distance runner
1987 - Aneurin Barnard, Welsh actor
1987 – Isabel Lestapier Winqvist, Miss Sweden winner
1987 - Mark Noble, English footballer
1987 - Felix Jones, American football player
1988 - Maicon Pereira de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer (d. 2014)
1989 - Liam Bridcutt, English-Scottish footballer
1989 - Nora Arnezeder, French actress
1989 - Benoit Paire, French tennis player
1990 - Kemba Walker, American basketball player
1992 - Ana Mulvoy-Ten, English-Spanish actress
1995 - Park Jung-hwa, South Korean singer and actress
2003 - Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco
535 – Pope John II
685 – Pope Benedict II
840 – Emperor Junna of Japan (b. 786)
1192 – Duke Ottokar IV of Syria (b. 1163)
1278 – Emperor Duanzongof China (b. 1268)
1319 – Haakon V of Norway (b. 1270)
1782 – Marques de Pombal, Portuguese politician (b. 1699)
1785 - Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter (b. 1701)
1785 - Etienne François duc de Choiseul, French general and politician (b. 1719)
1788 - Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian physician and naturalist (b. 1723)
1794 – Antoine Lavoisier, French chemist (executed) (b. 1743)
1819 – Kamehameha I, King of Hawai'i (b. c. 1758)
1828 – Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (b. 1781)
1837 - Alexander Balashov, Russian general and statesman (b. 1770)
1842 – Jules Dumont d'Urville, French explorer (b. 1790)
1853 - Jan Roothaan, Dutch priest (b. 1785)
1873 – John Stuart Mill, English philosopher (b. 1806)
1880 – Gustave Flaubert, French novelist (b. 1821)
1884 - Judah P. Benjamin, American politician (b. 1811)
1887 - Lorenzo Batlle, President of Uruguay (b. 1810)
1891 – Helena Blavatsky, Russian-born writer (b. 1831)
1903 – Paul Gauguin, French painter (b. 1846)
1904 – Eadweard Muybridge, British photographer (b. 1830)
1907 - Edmund G. Ross, Territorial Governor of New Mexico (b. 1826)
1936 – Oswald Spengler, German historian and philosopher (b. 1880)
1941 - Natalie of Serbia (b. 1859)
1941 - Tore Svennberg, Swedish actor and director (b. 1858)
1943 - Mordechai Anielewicz, Polish Resistance activist (b. 1919)
1944 - Ethel Smyth, English composer, conductor and writer (b. 1858)
1945 – Bernhard Rust, Nazi education minister (b. 1883)
1945 – Josef Terboven, Nazi Reichskommissar in Norway (b. 1898)
1945 - Paul Giesler, German politician, Prime minister of Bavaria (b. 1895)
1947 – Harry Gordon Selfridge, department store founder (b. 1858)
1948 – U Saw, Burmese politician (b. 1900)
1950 - Vital Brazil, Brazilian physician and immunologist (b. 1865)
1952 – William Fox, Austro-Hungarian-born American movie producer (b. 1879)
1960 – J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (b. 1904)
1965 - Wally Hardinge, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1886)
1967 - LaVerne Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters) (b. 1911)
1971 - Lars Pettersson, Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1925)
1975 – Avery Brundage, President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1887)
1982 – Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver (b. 1950)
1985 – Theodore Sturgeon, American science fiction writer (b. 1918)
1988 – Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction writer (b. 1907)
1990 - Luigi Nono, Italian composer (b. 1924)
1991 – Jean Langlais, French composer and pianist (b. 1907)
1991 – Rudolf Serkin, Austrian pianist (b. 1903)
1993 – Avram Davidson, American science fiction writer (b. 1923)
1994 – George Peppard, American actor (b. 1928)
1996 – Dominguin, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1926)
1998 – Jennings Randolph, American politician (b. 1902)
1999 – Dirk Bogarde, British actor (b. 1921)
1999 – Dana Plato, American actress (b. 1964)
2008 - Eddy Arnold, American singer (b. 1918)
2008 - Luigi Malerba, Italian author (b. 1927)
2008 – François Sterchele, Belgian footballer (b. 1982)
2009 – Dom DiMaggio, American baseball player (b. 1917)
2010 – Andor Lilienthal, Hungarian chess player (b. 1911)
2011 – Lionel Rose, Australian boxer (b. 1948)
2011 – Cornell Dupree, American musician (b. 1942)
2012 – Maurice Sendak, American writer (b. 1928)
2012 – Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist (b. 1911)
2012 - Nicholas Katzenbach, former United States Attorney General (b. 1922)
2013 - Jeanne Cooper, American actress (b. 1928)
2013 - Dallas Willard, American philosopher (b. 1935)
2013 - Bryan Forbes, British movie director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1926)
2013 - Taylor Mead, American actor (b. 1924)
2014 - Yago Lamela, Spanish athlete (b. 1977)
2014 - Joseph P. Teasdale, 48th Governor of Missouri (b. 1936)
2014 - Jair Rodrigues, Brazilian musician and singer (b. 1939)
2014 - Mercedes Salisachs, Spanish writer (b. 1917)
2014 - Nancy Malone, American producer, director and actress (b. 1935)
2015 - Deaths in the 2015 Pakistan Army Mil Mi-17 crash:
Domingo Lucenario, Jr., Ambassador of the Philippines to Pakistan (b. 1960)
Leif Holger Larsen, Ambassador of Norway to Pakistan (b. 1954)
2015 - Phil Skoglund, New Zealand lawn bowls player (b. 1937)
2015 - Zeki Alasya, Turkish actor and director (b. 1943)
2015 - Atanas Semerdzhiev, Vice President of Bulgaria (b. 1924)
2015 - Menashe Kadishman, Israeli artist (b. 1932)
2015 - Martin Nag, Norwegian writer (b. 1926)
2016 - Philippe Beaussant, French author and musicologist (b. 1930)
2016 - Tonita Castro, American actress (b. 1953)
2016 - Ken Gorgal, American football player (b. 1929)
2016 - Nick Lashaway, American actor (b. 1988)
2016 - Elisa Mainardi, Italian actress (b. 1927)
2016 - William Schallert, American actor (b. 1922)
2016 - John Bradshaw, American self-help writer (b. 1933)
2016 - John Young, American baseball player (b. 1949)
2017 - Allan H. Meltzer, American economist (b. 1928)
2017 - Lou Richards, Australian footballer (b. 1923)
2017 - Cécile DeWitt-Morette, French mathematician and physicist (b. 1922)
2017 - Curt Lowens, German-born American actor (b. 1925)
2017 - Lawson Soulsby, Baron Soulsby of Swaffham Prior, British microbiologist and life peer (b. 1926)
2017 - Juan Carlos Tedesco, Argentine politician (b. 1944)
2017 - Mary Tsoni, Greek actress (b. 1987)
2018 - Anne V. Coates, British film editor (b. 1925)
2018 - George Deukmejian, American politician, former Governor of California (b. 1928)
2018 - Lara Saint Paul, Italian-Eritrean singer (b. 1945)
2018 - Big Bully Busick, American professional wrestler (b. 1954)
2019 - Jens Beutel, German politician (b. 1946)
2019 - Sprent Dabwido, President of Nauru (b. 1972)
2019 - Yevgeny Krylatov, Russian composer (b. 1934)
2019 - David Montgomery, American baseball player (b. 1946)
2019 - Bob Zeman, American football player and coach (b. 1937)
Victory in Europe Day, marking the end of World War II in Europe in 1945.
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Day, birthday of Henry Dunant, co-founder of the International Red Cross.
Parents' Day (South Korea).
Truman Day (Missouri).
Miguel Hidalgo's birthday (Mexico).
May 08
285  Diocletian appoints Maximian as his Roman co-ruler.
306  Constantine I is elected Emperor by his troops.
315  The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome.
864  The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings
1261  The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.
1278  The Battle of Algeciras results in a victory for the Emirate of Granada.
1467  Battle of Molinella: First battle in Italy in which guns are used extensively.
1536  Sebastian de Belalcazar founds the city of Santiago de Cali in Colombia in his search for El Dorado.
1538  The city of Guayaquil in present-day Ecuador is founded.
1547  King Henry II of France is crowned.
1554  Mary I of England marries Philip II of Spain.
1567  Caracas is founded.
1593  Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.
1603  James VI of Scotland is crowned joint king of Scotland and England.
1797  Horatio Nelson loses over 300 men  and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife.
1814  War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane.
1824  Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua.
1868  Wyoming becomes a United States Territory.
1869  The daimyo begin returning their land holdings to the Emperor of Japan as part of the Meiji Restoration.
1893  The Corinth Canal in Greece is used for the first time.
1898  Spanish-American War: The US invades Puerto Rico.
1909  Louis Blériot flies across the English Channel.
1917  Robert Borden introduces the first income tax in Canada.
1920  France captures Damascus.
1925  The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.
1934  The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.
1935  A flooding disaster in China kills around 200,000 people.
1940  World War II: General Henri Guisan orders the Swiss army to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal.
1942  World War II: The Norwegian Manifesto calls for non-violent resistance against the Nazis.
1943  Benito Mussolini is removed from office by his own Italian Grand Council.
He is replaced by Pietro Badoglio.
1944  World War II: Operation Spring - Canada's military suffers its deadliest day of the war, as 500 soldiers are killed, with around 1,000 injured.
1951  The legacy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is protected under Turkish law.
1952  Puerto Rico introduces a constitution.
1956  Near Nantucket Island, Italian Ocean liner Andrea Doria collides with the MS Stockholm in heavy fog and sinks the next day, killing 51 people.
1957  Tunisia becomes a Republic, with Habib Bourguiba as President.
1961  John F. Kennedy says that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO.
1965  Bob Dylan goes electric as he plugs in at the Newport Folk Festival.
1969  An earthquake in China kills around 3,000 people.
1973  Soviet Mars 5 space probe is launched.
1976  The Viking 1 space probe takes the famous "Face on Mars" photograph.
1978  Louise Brown, the first test tube baby, is born in Oldham, England.
1984  Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to go on a space walk.
1992  The 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona begin.
1993  Saint James Church massacre in Kenilworth, Cape Town.
1994  Israel and Jordan end their state of war, which had existed since 1948.
1995  A gas bottle explodes at Saint Michel station of Line B on Paris' regional rail network, killing 8 people.
1996  In a military coup in Burundi, Pierre Buyoya deposes Sylvestre Ntibantunganya.
1997  K. R. Narayanan becomes President of India.
1999  Lance Armstrong wins the first the seven consecutive Tour de France titles that have been struck from the record in 2012 following doping revelations.
2000  Air France Flight 4590, a concorde supersonic jet, crashes shortly after take-off near Paris, killing all 109 people on board, and 4 on the ground.
2002  A. P. J. Abdul Kalam becomes President of India.
2007  Pratibha Patil becomes the first female President of India.
2010  WikiLeaks releases 90,000 internal reports on the US involvement in the War in Afghanistan.
2012  Pranab Mukherjee becomes President of India.
2013  Tunisian opposition leader Mohamed Brahmi is shot dead, leading to many protests in the country.
2017  Ram Nath Kovind becomes President of India.
2018  A bomb attack occurs in the city of Quetta, Pakistan, killing 31 people, on the country's election day.
Former cricketer Imran Khan's party declares victory in the vote.
2018  The discovery of a lake of liquid water under Mars' southern polar ice cap is announced.
2019  Beji Cad Essebsi, President of Tunisia, dies aged 92 while still in office; Mohamed Ennaceur becomes Interim President until elections can be held.
2019  Several Western European countries and cities record their hottest-ever temperatures.
2019  Over 150 people die when their boat sinks off Libya.
975  Thietmar of Merseburg, bishop, historian and writer (d. 1018)
1016  Casimir I the Restorer, Duke of Poland (d. 1058)
1109  King Afonso I of Portugal (d. 1185)
1261  Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1312)
1336  Albert, Count of Holland (d. 1404)
1404  Philip I, Duke of Brabant (d. 1430)
1421  Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, English politician (d. 1461)
1562  Kato Kiyomasa, Japanese daimyo and samurai (d. 1611)
1654  Agostino Steffani, Italian diplomat and composer (d. 1728)
1657  Philipp Heinrich Erlebach, German composer (d. 1714)
1658  Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll (d. 1703)
1683  Pieter Langendijk, Dutch dramatist and poet (d. 1756)
1704  August Gottlieb Spangenberg, theologian (d. 1792)
1711  Lorenz Christoph Mizler, German physician, mathematician and writer (d. 1778)
1746  Infanta Benedita of Portugal (d. 1829)
1750  Henry Knox, American general (d. 1806)
1753  Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires, 10th Spanish Viceroy of River Plate (d. 1810)
1775  Anna Harrison, shortest-serving First Lady of the United States (d. 1864)
1797  Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1889)
1799  David Douglas, botanist, plant collector, explorer (d. 1834)
1839  Francis Garnier, French captain and explorer (d. 1873)
1844  Thomas Eakins, artist (d. 1916)
1848  Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1930)
1848  Ottokar Kernstock, poet (d. 1928)
1860  Princess Louise Margaret, Duchess of Connaught (d. 1917)
1867  Max Dauthendey, German writer (d. 1918)
1870  Maxfield Parrish, illustrator (d. 1966)
1876  Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium (d. 1965)
1878  Masaharu Anesaki, Japanese philosopher and specialist in religious studies (d. 1949)
1882  George S. Rentz, American captain (d. 1942)
1883  Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (d. 1947)
1884  Martin L. Davey, 53rd Governor of Ohio (d. 1946)
1884  Davidson Black, anthropologist (d. 1934)
1886  Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Swedish big-game hunter (d. 1946)
1886  Hans von Blixen-Finecke, Swedish horse rider (d. 1917)
1894  Walter Brennan, Academy Award-winning actor (d. 1974)
1894  Gavrilo Princip, assassin of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (d. 1918)
1895  Yvonne Printemps, French actress and singer (d. 1977)
1896  Jack Perrin, American actor and stuntman (d. 1967)
1902  Eric Hoffer, philosopher (d. 1983)
1905  Elias Canetti, Bulgarian writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1994)
1905  Masazo Nonaka, Japanese supercentenarian (d. 2019)
1906  Johnny Hodges, saxophonist (d. 1970)
1907  Karl Höller, composer (d. 1987)
1908  Bill Bowes, English cricketer (d. 1987)
1915  Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., older brother of John F. Kennedy (d. 1944)
1917  Fritz Honegger, Swiss politician (d. 1999)
1918  Nan Grey, American actress (d. 1993)
1920  Rosalind Franklin, British scientist (d. 1958)
1921  Paul Watzlawick, American psychologist (d. 2007)
1921  Adolph Herseth, American trumpeter (d. 2013)
1923  Maria Gripe, Swedish writer (d. 2007)
1923  Estelle Getty, American actress (d. 2008)
1924  Frank Church, American politician (d. 1984)
1925  Richard Kadison, American mathematician (d. 2018)
1926  Beatriz Segall, Brazilian actress (d. 2018)
1927  Jimmy Binning, Scottish footballer
1927  Daniel Ceccaldi, French actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2003)
1927  Sadiq Hussein Qureshi, Pakistani politician, 10th Governor of Punjab (d. 2000)
1929  Somnath Chatterjee, Indian politician (d. 2018)
1929  Eddie Mazur, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1995)
1929  Manuel Olivencia, Spanish lawyer and economist (d. 2018)
1930  Maureen Forrester, Canadian contralto (d. 2010)
1930  Herbert Scarf, American economist and academic (d. 2015)
1932  Paul J. Weitz, American astronaut (d. 2016)
1933  Jukka Virtanen, Finnish television presenter, film director, screenwriter and songwriter (d. 2019)
1934  Don Ellis, American trumpeter and composer (d. 1978)
1934  Claude Zidi, French director and screenwriter
1935  Barbara Harris, American actress (d. 2018)
1935  Adnan Khashoggi, Saudi businessman (d. 2017)
1935  Gilbert Parent, Canadian politician
1935  Lars Werner, Swedish politician (d. 2013)
1937  Colin Renfrew, archeology professor
1941  Marco Lucioni, Italian painter
1941  Raul Ruiz, Chilean movie director (d. 2011)
1941  Emmett Till, American teenager, murder victim (d. 1955)
1941  Nate Thurmond, American basketball player (d. 2016)
1941  Manny Charlton, Spanish-Scottish guitarist
1943  Erika Steinbach, German politician
1943  Jim McCarty, English singer and musician
1946  Nicole Farhi, French fashion designer and sculptor
1946  Rita Marley, Jamaican-Cuban singer
1947  Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, Argentine politician and former President
1948  Peggy Fleming, American figure skater
1951  Verdine White, American bass player and producer (Earth, Wind & Fire)
1953  Robert Zoellick, former World Bank President
1954  Paul Hegarty, Scottish footballer and manager
1954  Jürgen Trittin, German politician
1954  Walter Payton, American football player (d. 1999)
1954  Sheena McDonald, Scottish broadcaster
1955  Iman Abdulmajid, Somali-born model
1957  Mark Hunter, English politician
1958  Thurston Moore, American musician (Sonic Youth)
1958  Alexei Filippenko, American astrophysicist
1959  Fyodor Cherenkov, Russian footballer (d. 2014)
1959  Anatoly Onoprienko, Ukrainian serial killer (d. 2013)
1960  Alain Robidoux, Canadian snooker player
1963  Denis Coderre, Canadian politician, 44th Mayor of Montreal
1963  Julian Hodgson, Welsh-English chess player
1964  Anne Applebaum, American writer and journalist
1964  Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, former President of Somalia
1965  Marty Brown, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1965  Ileana Douglas, American actress, director, screenwriter and producer
1967  Magdalena Forsberg, Swedish biathlete
1967  Matt LeBlanc, American actor
1967  Chuck Paugh, American record company owner
1969  Annastacia Palaszczuk, Australian politician, 39th Premier of Queensland
1970  Ernesto Alterio, Argentine-Spanish actor
1970  Eric Jacobson, American puppeteer
1973  Hu Jia, Chinese activist
1973  Dani Davey, American singer
1973  Kevin Phillips, English footballer
1975  Jean-Claude Darcheville, French footballer
1975  Jody Craddock, English footballer
1976  Tera Patrick, American pornographic actress
1977  Kenny Thomas, American basketball player
1978  Louise Brown, first baby conceived through IVF
1978  Gerard Warren, American football player
1979  Amy Adams, American singer, American Idol 3 contestant
1979  Ali Carter, English snooker player
1979  Ariane Hingst, German footballer
1979  Stefanie Hertel, German yodeler
1980  Cha Du-Ri, South Korean footballer
1981  Yuichi Komano, Japanese footballer
1982  Brad Renfro, American actor (d. 2008)