the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The invading troops of the Red Army set parts of the city on fire.
In 1955 the brown coal industry developed close to the city.
Today this industry is partly in Brandenburg.
Houses were built here for the families of the people working in the industry.
From 1957 the need of for housing increased even more.
The first large blocks of flats were built.
Altogether ten residential complexes were built creating housing for tens of thousands of people.
In the year 1981 the number of inhabitants of the city reached its maximum of 71.124.
At this time Hoyerswerda had the highest birth rate in the GDR.
In 1990 the former Prussian province of Lower Saxony decided by popular vote to go over to the Free State Saxony.
After the GDR
In 1991 rioting took place in Hoyerswerda outside a hostel for foreign asylum-seekers.
People used the word Ausländerfrei (foreigner-free).
This word was voted the Unwort (politically incorrect word) of 1991.
Since the fall of the Iron Curtain many people have left the town.
Since the number of inhabitants continued to decrease after 1999, many iron buildings were pulled down.
From 1 January 2008 Hoyerswerda will no longer be able to rule itself as there will be changes to the administration of Saxony, and Hoyerswerda will become part of a district (Kreis) instead of being a kreisfreie Stadt.
Bautzen Rural District
Cities in Saxony
The Hamburger Sport-Verein (short HSV) is German Sportsclub from Hamburg and became known particularly by its football crews.
The man crew of the HSV created it thereby as an only soccer association, 43 years long continuously in the Bundesliga to play and was always first-class since the establishment union in the year 1919 as only German association.
The woman football crew Hamburg sports association plays likewise in the 1.
Federal league.
The football team is playing their homegames in the HSH Nordbank Arena.
Sport in Hamburg
Borussia Dortmund (BVB) is a German Sports club in Dortmund.
It is most noted for its football team that plays in the Bundesliga.
Besides football, the club has handball and table tennis departments since the end of 2004, the club also has a fan section, which represents the interests of the team supporters.
In the 2010/11 season the matches were visited by an average of 79.151 people.
This means that 98,1 percent of the seats were sold.
The official name reads ball play association Borussia 1909 registered association Dortmund and frequently shortened with BVB or BVB 09.
The club was the first German team to win an international title (1965 Cup Winners Cup against Liverpool FC) and also the first to win the newly installed UEFA Champions League (1997, final 3-1 win about Juventus).
Borussia Dortmund competes in the highest german league, the Bundesliga.
1997 UEFA Champions League Winning Squad
Manager history since the start of the German Bundesliga
*German Champions:
Winners (8): 1955–56, 1956–57, 1962–63, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2001–02, 2010–11, 2011–12
Runners-up (4): 1948–49, 1960–61, 1965–66, 1991–92, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2015-16, 2018-19, 2019-20
Winners (2): 1964–65, 1988–89, 2011-12, 2016-17, 2020-21
Runners-up (2): 1962–63, 2007–08, 2013-2014, 2014-15, 2015-16
Winners (3): 1989, 1995, 1996, 2013, 2014, 2019
Runners-up (1): 2011, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021
Winners (1): 1996–97
Runners-Up (1): 2012-13
Winners (1): 1965–66
UEFA CupRunners-up (2): 1992–93, 2001–02
UEFA Super CupRunners-up (1): 1997
WorldwideIntercontinental Cup'Winners (1)'': 1997
Sport in North Rhine-Westphalia
1909 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in Germany
The Palace of Soviets (Russian: Dvorjez Sovjetov / Дворец Советов) was a building project planned by the government of the Soviet Union.
A contest was held for the architectural design of the building from 1931 until 1933.
Construction was started on the building in 1937, but was stopped in 1941 because of World War II.
The building was going to be used as a administrative center and meeting place.
It was to be built in Moscow near the Kremlin.
The palace would have had a height of 415m. This would have made it the largest building of the world at that time.
The building was designed by the architect Boris Iofan.
During its design, there were many changes to how it would look and to the location of the palace in Moscow.
The Battle of the Somme took place in World War I. The battle started on 1 July 1916, and ended on 18 November 1916.
The battle was named after the French River Somme where it was fought.
On the first day the British Army had 57,470 casualties, of whom 19,240 were killed.
The French Army had 1,590 casualties and the German Army lost 10,000–12,000 men.
The Allies planned to attack together, but the French were busy with the Battle of Verdun, so the main attackers were British.
The cost of the battle, and the small gains, have been a source of grief and controversy in Britain.
In German and French writing, the first day of the Battle of the Somme has been little more than a footnote to the mass losses of 1914–1915 and the Battle of Verdun.
During the battle of the Somme more than 1.5 million people either died, were wounded or went missing.
This battle was the worst battle in WWI, especially from the point of view of Britain.
For five days the British fired shells at the German trenches to destroy them.
At 7:30 am on 1 July the British generals ordered the British soldiers out of their trenches and to advance towards the German trenches.
The German trenches were unusually deep, and the German soldiers were able to take the machine guns down during the bombardment, and bring them up afterwards.
Whole books have been written about this disaster, but it is still not clear why it happened.
It is very clear, though, that the artillery barrage failed in its objective.
Where enough German machine-gunners survived, supported by their artillery, the British attack failed, with many casualties.
The effectiveness of the defensive weapons decided the result.
In such an environment, a soldier with a bayonet was obsolete and infantry formations useless.
The Germans used poisonous gases as weapons at first. (
This is now called chemical warfare.)
Germany first used chlorine gas.
Death from chlorine gas was very painful, causing the victim to suffocate after suffering from burning pains in their chest.
However, because of its green color and strong smell, chlorine gas was easy for the enemy to detect.
It also blew back on the Germans when they used it.
To protect themselves, they began to wear dampened material over their mouths and noses.
Soldiers dampened this material with urine because it made these masks more effective.
The British soldiers were given cotton pads and respirators.
The Germans began to mix chlorine gas with a different gas, called phosgene.
Phosgene gas is colorless, more deadly than chlorine, and smells like mouldy hay.
A person does not get sick as soon as they inhale phosgene gas; it does not take effect until 24 hours later.
Then the person’s lungs fill with fluid, which can cause them to drown.
Rifles (guns)
The soldiers in the trenches used rifles.
Most soldiers used was the bolt-action rifle, which could fire 15 rounds per minute and could kill a person as far as 1.4 kilometres away.
This rifle was invented in the United States by a Scottish man called James Paris Lee.
The bolt-action rifle had a metal box where the cartridges were put on top of a spring.
As the bolt opened, the spring forced the cartridges up against a stop and the bolt pushed the top cartridge into the chamber as it closed.
After the rifle was fired, the opening of the bolt ejected the empty cartridge case and the return stroke loaded a fresh round.
The cases held 3, 5 or 29 cartridges each.
Machine guns
Both sides also used machine guns.
These were so large that four men were needed to operate each one.
They had to be put on a flat surface.
They had the power of one rifle.
Larger field guns needed up to 12 men to operate them.
They fired shells which exploded when they hit.
The machine guns were a major force for the Germans, who used them to their full effect as the British forces simply walked over no man's land straight into open gun fire.
The British did not have access to many machine guns, which made their task even more difficult.
The Germans were in a higher position than the British, which gave them the upper hand.
The first tank was called 'Little Willie', and it had a crew of three men.
The maximum speed that it could travel was three mph and it was not able to cross the trenches.
The first tank battle, Flers-Courcelette named after the two villages that were the objectives for the attack, started on 15 September 1916.
Out of the 49 tanks that should have been there only 36 arrived.
This was the first time that tanks had been used in World War I, but because they were only armed lightly and the mechanics of them often went wrong they did not make a great impact.
However, casualties were low in the tank crews.
Mines are a way to blow up the enemy and really shock them.
Anti-infantry land mines have been in use since the invention of gunpowder and were used in the defense of breaches of fortresses in the 18th and 19th century (the British assault on the breach at Badajoz suffered many casualties from mines).
However these were activated remotely by a defender lighting a very fast burning fuse at the appropriate moment.
The British used 11 mines on the first morning of the Battle of Somme to startle and damage the German front line.
The holes left by the mines were used by the Germans for machine guns afterwards.
The soldiers that set the land mines were called sappers.
There was a lot of disease in the trenches.
The toilets in the trenches were mainly buckets and holes.
This made it easy for diseases to spread quickly.
For example, many soldiers got dysentery, which causes bloody diarrhoea.
The diarrhoea is severe and can make a person so dehydrated that they die.
The water supply in the trenches was not very good.
Soldiers collected rain water from the holes made by enemy shells.
They added chloride of lime to purify this dirty water.
However, the soldiers did not like the taste of the chloride of lime (which tasted a bit like modern swimming pool water).
The soldiers in the trenches suffered from lice.
One man described them as "pale fawn in colour, and they left blotchy red bite marks all over the body.”
Another soldier said:
"The things lay in the seams of trousers, in the deep furrows of long thick woolly pants, and seemed impregnable in their deep entrenchment.
A lighted candle applied where they were thickest made them pop like Chinese crackers.
After a session of this, my face would be covered with small blood spots from extra big fellows which had popped too vigorously."
Lice caused severe itching and also carried a disease called trench fever (pyrrexhia).
The first symptoms were shooting pains in the legs.
This was followed by a very high fever.
This disease did not kill the soldiers, but it did stop them from fighting.
It was very common.
From 1915 to 1918, between one-fifth and one-third of all British troops who got sick had trench fever; about one-fifth of ill German and Austrian troops had the disease.
Another common problem was trench foot.
This was another infection, caused by standing in wet conditions for a long time and not being able to dry out shoes and socks.
Trench foot caused soldiers’ feet to go numb, then turn red or blue.
It can cause gangrene, which sometimes requires the foot to be amputated.
Brigadier-General Frank Percy Crozier argued that “The fight against the condition known as trench-feet had been incessant [never-ending] and an uphill game."
The only way to get rid of trench foot was to dry the feet and change into dry socks several times a day.
This was not possible in the trenches.
Mines and shells injured tens of thousands of soldiers on both sides.
In many cases, soldiers were so badly injured that doctors had to amputate parts of their bodies.
Because there were so many corpses in the trenches, rats were a serious problem.
The rats carried disease and ate the corpses of dead soldiers.
They ate the eyes first, then burrowed into the corpse and ate the insides.
One soldier, Harry Patch, claimed the rats in the trenches were as big as cats.
Another said: “The rats were huge.
They were so big they would eat a wounded man if he couldn't defend himself!"
The area between the two sides was called No Man’s Land.
It was very dangerous because there was lots of barbed wire and shell-holes.
Also, no man’s land was usually a sea of mud.
The soldiers that “went over the top” (left the trenches to attack the enemy) were easy targets for machine gunners.
On both the German and Allied sides, about 600,000 soldiers died in the battle.
The Prince of Wales served on the Somme as a Staff Officer.
He was genuinely disappointed not to be involved in the fighting.
However, his service influenced the rest of his life as Prince of Wales and Edward VIII.
Today, there are cemeteries, war memorials and museums on the battle site.
When farmers living near the battle site plow their fields, they often find remnants of barbed wire, bullets, shrapnel, and unexploded bombs.
This is called "iron harvesting."
1916 in France
Ravicherla is a village in Nuzvid Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
It is a peaceful village with about 1300 people living in it.
Most of the people living here work on agriculture.
The main crops are mango and paddi.
This village has different religions including Hinduism, Christianity and Islam.
In recent times, youths in this village are very interested in Information techology (IT) and getting good education and income in this field.
Its a great place to learn many things in life.
No of people are settled in IT profession from this small village.
There are MBA's, MCA's and B.tech minds which come from this village, mainly favouritism for Tekugu Desam Partty and Nandamuri fans especially for Junior NTR
Villages in Andhra Pradesh
San Marino is a residential town in Los Angeles County, California, United States.
It's population is 13,147 as per the 2010 United States Census.
For the ballade as a musical (instrumental) form see ballade (musical form).
A ballade is a medieval French verse or song which tells a story.
Like the rondeau and the virelai it was very popular in 14th and 15th century France.
All these three songs were originally dances.
Famous composers like Guillaume de Machaut wrote ballades.
Ballade verses often had three stanzas which had the same metre and rhyme scheme, and the last line was often the same.
They might end with an envoi which meant that it was addressing a king or prince.
The great English poet Geoffrey Chaucer wrote ballades.
Poetry forms
This article is about the instrumental ballade that was popular in the 19th century.
For the medieval French ballade see Ballade.
A ballade is a piece of music, usually for piano.
It has several tunes, and one can easily imagine that it is telling a story (a ballade is a medieval French song which tells a story).
The first composer who used the title “ballade” for his piano pieces was Frédéric Chopin.
He wrote four ballades.
They are quite free in form.
Chopin does not tell us about any particular story he had in mind.
Perhaps they are just musical stories.
They are four of his finest works.
Later on other composers also wrote ballades: César Franck and Franz Liszt in particular.
Johannes Brahms wrote ballades for piano which are quite like songs in their form.
Edvard Grieg wrote a ballade which was based on a Norwegian song.
Gabriel Fauré wrote a ballade for piano and orchestra.
Some composers wrote ballades for orchestra, but they are really like short symphonic poems.
RAF may refer to:
Royal Air Force - Air force of the United Kingdom
Westfalenstadion (German for "Westphalia Stadium"), officially known since November 2005 as Signal Iduna Park, is an association football stadium in Dortmund, Germany.
With 80,708 spectator places, it is the largest football stadium in Germany, and is classified by UEFA as an "elite stadium", allowing it to host the finals of major club competitions.
It is home to the German Bundesliga Team Borussia Dortmund, whose spectator set up a new European record there to million spectators (average approx.
76,500 per play) in the season 2003/2004 with 1,35.
The stadium is south B 1 to the Strobelallee beside the stadium red ones earth and in the proximity that Westfalen resounding.
The stadium was established between 1971 and 1974 for the soccer world championship with a spectator capacity by 54.000 spectators.
The stadium with a friendship game between Borussia Dortmund and Schalke 04 (0 was opened: 3).
To the season 1974/75 Borussia Dortmund of the stadium red one earth moved into the new arena.
The first federal league play, which was delivered in this stadium, found between VfL Bochum (during the new building of the Ruhr stadium in April here 1976 moved) and Schalke 04 instead of.
The Borussia at this time still kickte in the regional league.
History Westfalenstadion
The stadium remained structurally almost unchanged to beginning of the 90's.
In the 1992 was reequipped on the north grandstand being located present into seats, whereby the capacity was reduced to 42.800.
Between 1995 and 1999 successively the grandstands were supplemented.
One began with west and east grandstand at the long sides of the playing field, in which second stage of development became also north and south grandstand covered (capacity: 68.600).
2003/2004 the stadium corners were removed.
As standing place grandstand the south grandstand seizes 25,000 spectators and is the largest thereby in Europe.
With international plays seats can be used here.
Altogether itself the capacity of the stadium amounted after the change to scarcely 83,000 spectators.
The exterior of the north grandstand glassed, on the inside are catering trade ranges and the BVB museum.
Remarkable structural characteristic are, bright the yellow steel girders led outside, which exceed far over daas roof and are visible from many points of the city.
A last stage of development for the preparation of the stadium on the football world cup 2006 took place in the summer break 2005.
It took place the installation of an electronic entrance system, which revaluation of the places for handicapped ones, the change of the VIP ranges, the cabs and the sanitary mechanisms.
Due to the structural alteration measures of the grandstands 1,500 spectator places were omitted and the stadium offer still place for 81.264 spectators.
The south grandstand of the stadium offers today 25,000 places.
It is thereby the largest standing place grandstand of Europe.
On 1 December 2005 the Westfalenstadion was named in Signal Iduna Park.
For the rights of the use of a name of the stadium Borussia Dortmund releases estimated 20 million euro with optimal sporty success.
The contract over renaming between Borussia Dortmund and the signal Iduna group of insurance applies up to the season 2010/2011.
The Dortmunder fan scene is divided opinion over this step, since he offers on the one hand the financial safety device, but on the other hand a tradition break represents.
The district agency city center west decided at the beginning of the year 2006 to call a road in stadium proximity at the Westfalenstadion.
The association rated this decision as unsensibel opposite the sponsor, while many BVB fans and Dortmunder were pleased that the steeped in tradition name remained now with the road.
Football stadiums in Germany
Allianz Arena (; known as Fußball Arena München for UEFA competitions) is a football stadium in the north of Munich, Germany.
Bayern Munich, TSV 1860 München and the Germany national football team use this stadium.
The stadium offers 69,901 seats.
The stadium took about 340 million Euros to make.
The stadium was made with real grass.
The architect was Herzog & de Meuron and ArupSport.
International tournament matches
The stadium was one of the venues for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
However, due to sponsorship contracts, the arena was called FIFA World Cup Stadium Munich during the World Cup.
The following games were played at the stadium during the World Cup of 2006:
The stadium hosted three group stage matches and one quarter-finals match at the UEFA Euro 2020.
Official website of Allianz Arena Facts and Figures Section provides details like the amount of concrete used, composition of the facade, facade lighting etc.
Seat Plan of the Allianz Arena
Allianz Arena – video
Allianz Arena Guide and Images
Buildings and structures in Munich
Sport in Bavaria
The Imtech Arena is a concert and sports arena in Hamburg, Germany.
It is owned and used by the Hamburger SV football team.
Many Hamburg residents still refer to the arena as the Volksparkstadion (Peoples Park Stadium), though AOL bought the naming rights for 30 million marks or 15.3 million euros in 2001.
From July 2007 until July 2010 the name was HSH Nordbank Arena.
Official site of the Imtech Arena
Pictures of the Imtech Arena
Buildings and structures in Hamburg
The Veltins-Arena (between 2001-2005 Arena AufSchalke) in Gelsenkirchen, Germany, is the stadium of the German member of the soccer federal league FC Schalke 04.
The Veltins arena is one of the most modern stages of the world and possesses since June 2015 a capacity of 62.271 spectators with plays on national level, with international plays due to the standing place prohibition of 54,740 spectators.
Apart from the actual use as football stadium of the FC Schalke 04 also different meetings, like concerts, take place in this multi-function arena.
Due to the outline of the Rhine stadium in Duesseldorf the arena became occasionally also venue of the Home plays of the American football crew Rhine Fire.
The Veltins arena got 2004 lent of the UEFA the status of a 5-Stars-Stadium.
The comment of the UEFA delegation read even: The place of event will the requirements more than fair and could even than ‚six star Stadion' be evaluated.
It may align thereby final games of the UEFA champions League and the UEFA cup.
The Fußball-Club Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04, commonly known as FC Schalke 04, is a successful and popular German football  club.
It plays in Gelsenkirchen.
With more than 80.313 members (15.
Dezember 2009) at present it is the second largest Sportsclub of Germany and has departments for football, basketball, table tennis, handball and athletics.
Since August 2001 the association plays its home plays in the Veltins arena (to 30 June 2005 Veltins Arena), one of the most modern stages of the world.
In the coat of arms a white G is to be recognized, which stands for Gelsenkrichen.
There exists a great rivalry between Schalke 04 and Borussia Dortmund.
The reason is the honorable competition of these clubs which live in neighborhood.
Since the first match in 1925 there have been 135 matches.
Schalke won 55 of them, Dortmund won 45 and 35 ended in a draw.
In the 2009–10 Bundesliga season Schalke won both matches.
The football team is playing their home plays in the Veltins Arena.
61,673 people can visit the stadium for football matches in national, or 54,442 in internation competitions.
During other events as for example concerts or opera plays 79,296 people can take place in the stadium.
Its was also one of the 12 venues for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany and the final of the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League between FC Porto and AS Monaco has been played there.
The players in the season 2021-22
The current coach (and Manager) of Schalke 04 is Dimitrios Grammozis.
UEFA-Cup-Sieger
UI-Cup-Sieger 2003, 2004
German champion (seven times):
o 1934 (2:1 vs 1.
FC Nürnberg)
o 1937 (2:0 vs 1.
DFB-Pokalsieger:
o 1972 (5:0 vs 1.
FC Kaiserslautern)
o 2001 (2:0 vs 1.
FC Union Berlin)
DFL-Ligapokalsieger 2005
Official site of Schalke 04
Official site of Schalke's Veltins Arena
1904 establishments in Europe
Michael Ballack (born 26 September 1976 in Görlitz, Germany) was  a German football player and is the retired captain of the Germany national team.
He last played for Chelsea, an English club.
Ballack started his career in a small club in Eastern Germany.
He later turned to several German clubs, including Bayern Munich.
In 2006/07 he arrived England to join the big club, Chelsea.
Ballack has attended the World Cup Twice in 2002 and 2006, but has not won it with the Germany national football team.
He is considered as one of the strongest midfield players to ever play for the German national team.
Also he is regarded as the current talent on German national team, and very few German football players achieve this.
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Chemnitzer FC||2.
Bundesliga||15||0||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|1996/97||Regionalliga||34||10||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||10
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Kaiserslautern||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||16||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|1998/99||30||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0||37||4
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||23||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||2||25||5
|2000/01||27||7||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1||34||8
|2001/02||29||17||4||1||colspan="2"|-||15||7||48||25
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||26||10||5||4||colspan="2"|-||7||1||38||15
|2003/04||28||7||3||2||colspan="2"|-||8||0||39||9
|2004/05||27||13||4||3||colspan="2"|-||9||2||40||18
|2005/06||26||14||5||1||colspan="2"|-||6||1||37||16
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Chelsea||rowspan="4"|Premier League||26||5||3||1||6||0||10||2||45||8
|2007/08||18||7||2||0||3||0||7||2||30||9
|2008/09||29||1||6||3||1||0||10||0||46||4
|2009/10||32||4||4||1||2||0||7||0||45||5
|2010/11||Bayer Leverkusen||Bundesliga||1||0||0||0||||||1||1||0||0
|2001||9||6
|2002||11||6
|2004||13||8
|2005||11||7
|2006||14||6
|2009||8||3
Total||98||42
Sportspeople from Saxony
The coat of arms of Germany (German Wappen Deutschlands) is a symbol of Germany; the coat of arms feature an eagle.
The coat of arms are similar to those of the flag of Germany (black, red and gold ).
It is the oldest existing state symbol in Europe and is one of the oldest insignia in the world.
Its history as an emblem is far longer, however.
To the Germanic tribes the eagle was the bird of the god Odin, and by the Romans, too, it was revered as the symbol of the supreme god, of the emperor and of invincibility.
From there and through its religious significance in Christendom it came to be incorporated into medieval symbolism.
Plauen is the biggest city of the Vogtlandkreis in the southwest of Saxony.
It is the fifth-largest city in the state.
Only Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz and Zwickau are larger.
Plauen was a Kreisfreie stadt until July 2008.
Since 1.
August 2008 Plauen ist Part of the Vogtlandkreis.
The nearest large cities are Zwickau, about  northeast and Gera, about  north of Plauen.
Plauen was already settled in the Bronze Age, but the first written record of the city was in 1122, when the oldest church (named Johanniskirche) was build.
About 1224 Plauen has get the Town privileges.
1632 a big part of the city was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War.
Since about 1830 Plauen grow because of the textile-industry.
In the Second World Warabout three quarters of the city was destroyed by the United States Army Air Force and the Royal Air Force.
1989 Plauen was the first city in the German Democratic Republic were happens a big demonstration against the Government.
This leads to the Wende.
Population change
Plauen became a large city in 1904 when the population reached 100.000.
In 1912 it reached its biggest ever population with 128.000.
After the Second World War Germany was divided.
Plauen was in the border area.
Laws about living in the border areas of East Germany meant the population fell greatly.
Braunau am Inn is a town in the Innviertel region of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich), the north-western state of Austria.
It lies about 90 km west of Linz and about 60 km north of Salzburg, on the border with the German state of Bavaria.
It has a continental climate (Dfa in the Koeppen climate classification).
The population in 2001 was 16,372.
A port of entry, it is connected by bridges over the Inn River with its Bavarian counterpart, Simbach am Inn.
It is the birthplace of Adolf Hitler.
Settlements in Upper Austria
Berlin Hauptbahnhof (English: Berlin Central Station) is the central railway station of the German capital Berlin.
It began full operation two days after a ceremonial opening on 26 May 2006.
It is on the site of the old Lehrter Bahnhof.
Until it opened as a main line station, it was a stop on the Berlin S-Bahn suburban railway, temporarily named Berlin Hauptbahnhof - Lehrter Bahnhof in 2002.
The station has the largest traffic volume for a through-station in Europe.
Paris Gare du Nord is the largest station in Europe measured by traffic volume but it is regarded as a terminus.
The longest route that runs through Berlin Central railway station is the Sibirjak.
It links Berlin to some cities in Russia.
It passes through Poland, Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan.
The longest route offered goes to Novosibirsk.
This takes almost four days to travel.
2000s establishments in Germany
Railway stations in Germany
The Mazurka is a Polish country dance.
It comes from an area called Mazovia near Warsaw where the people are called Mazurs.
It was known in the 16th century.
In the 17th century its popularity spread all over Poland and by the 19th century it was becoming known in England and then the United States.
The Mazurka is very similar to the Kujawiak which is a dance from another district near Warsaw.
The Mazurka is a lively dance in 3/4 metre.
It has lots of dotted rhythms and the fourth note of the scale is often sharpened.
The dancers often click their heels on the 2nd or 3rd beat of the bar.
The speed is not always fast, it can be slow, but it is a wilder dance than the waltz which is also in 3/4 time and had become very popular as a ballroom dance.
The composer Frédéric Chopin wrote more than 50 mazurkas for the piano.
Chopin really shows his genius in these pieces.
They are very beautiful  and there is a lot of variety and interest in them.
Many of them are not all that difficult to play.
Some of them have very chromatic bits in them.
There were other classical composers who wrote Mazurkas, but none of them are as good as those of Chopin.
Some Russian composers like Glinka and Tchaikovsky wrote several mazurkas.
It was danced a lot in Russia in the 19th century and it is mentioned a lot in Russian novels.
In the 20th century Karol Szymanowski wrote several mazurkas.
Bundesliga is the name of the highest level of play in many different sports.
Bundesliga literally means "Federal League", or league of the whole country.
The word is used in the countries Germany and in Austria.
Soccer is the most popular sport in these countries.
That is why Germany's soccer league is the best-known Bundesliga.
Bundesligen in Germany
Other association football leagues:
Frauen-Bundesliga – Women's top division association football in Germany (1990–present)
Under 19 Bundesliga – Men's under 19 football (2003–present)
Under 17 Bundesliga – Men's under 17 football (2007–present)
Badminton Bundesliga
Baseball-Bundesliga (1984–present)
Basketball Bundesliga (1966–present)
Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga (founded 1947), women's basketball
Billard Bundesliga, carom billiards (1967–present)
Bundesliga (artistic gymnastics)
Bundesliga (baseball) (1984–present)
Feldhockey Bundesliga (Men's field hockey)
Feldhockey Bundesliga (Women's field hockey)
Bundesliga (handball) (1965–present)
Handball-Bundesliga (women) (founded 1975), women's handball
Bundesliga (shooting) (1997–present)
Bundesliga (speedway)
Bundesliga (table tennis) (1966–present)
Tennis Bundesliga (men) (1972–present)
Bundesliga (volleyball)
Bundesliga (weightlifting) (1964–present)
Bundesliga (wrestling) (1964–present)
Chess Bundesliga (1980–present)
Cricket Bundesliga
German Football League (1979–present), American football Bundesliga, renamed in 1999
Ruder-Bundesliga (2009–present), rowing (eight)
Roller Hockey Bundesliga (founded 1967), men's roller hockey
Go-Bundesliga , Go
Deutsche Eishockey Liga (1995–present)
Ice hockey Bundesliga (1958-1994)
German women's ice hockey Bundesliga (founded 1988), women's ice hockey
Rugby-Bundesliga, rugby union (1971–present)
Women's Rugby Bundesliga (1987–present), women's rugby union
Unihockey-Bundesliga, Floorball
World League eSport Bundesliga (2005-2006), video games
Bundesligen in Austria
Austrian Football Bundesliga – men's football
Austrian Football League – men's American style football
Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga – men's basketball
Rugby Bundesliga - men's rugby
Austria women's ice hockey Bundesliga (founded 1988), women's ice hockey
The Weserstadion is a stadium in Bremen, Germany.
It lies to the right side of the Weser, in the Pauliner Marsch, a flooding area in the quarter of Peterswerder.
It is the homeground of the Werder Bremen football club.
The Weser stadium was built in 1909 by Bremen's Allgemeiner Bremer Turn- und Sportverein as a sports field.
After its first change in the year 1926, it was given the name ATSB Kampfbahn.
Today's name, which goes back to the direct situation at the Weser river, exists since the year 1930.
Since this time there also the sports association Werder Bremen makes its plays.
At the beginning of the first season of the soccer Bundesliga in the year 1963 the stadium received its first roofed grandstand.
In the following decades also the other grandstands were built and modernized gradually.
1992 for the first time in a stadium a VIP Loge was inserted.
Bremen (city)
Sport in Bremen (state)
A belt is a piece of clothing worn around a person's waist.
They can be used to hold up trousers(pants, men) or skirts(women) or for carrying things in pockets, such as on a utility belt, which police use.
Belts are commonly made using cloth or leather.
They are worn by men and women, however men wear them more casually and formally.
The most common colors are black and brown.
Belts have buckles.
Belts are thread around belt loops on trousers(usually Jeans and dress pants for men).
Belts have holes which the buckle is put into.,
making them looser to tighter.
Cowboys often wear belt and customize/pick their buckles.
The Zugspitze (Bavarian: Zugspitz) is located in Bavaria, Germany.
It is the highest mountain in Germany.
It attracts thousands of visitors every year.
Toni Hiebeler: Zugspitze: Von d. Erstbesteigung bis heute Mosaik-Verlag,
Heinrich Schott: Die Zugspitze : Gipfel d. Technik, Triumphe u. Tragödien Süddeutscher Verlag, München 1987,
Mountains of Austria
British Airways (sometimes known as just "BA") is the United Kingdom's largest airline, and is the UK's flag carrier.
It was formed in 1974 when the UK's two government owned airlines, the British Oversea Airways Corporation and British European Airways were joined together.
It is now owned by a company called International Airlines Group, which also owns Iberia Airlines, and is one of the largest companies in the United Kingdom.
It operates domestic flights within the UK as well as international flights to Europe and the rest of the world.
British Airways has a large fleet of aircraft, including planes built by Boeing, Airbus and Embraer.
They are now operating the Airbus A380, the largest passenger plane ever built.
For a while during the 1990s British Airways' planes had tails each painted in a design to symbolise a country of the world.
This was called the World Tails scheme, and it wasn't very popular.
However, they now have tails that are based on the Union Jack.
British Airways also flew the Concorde, one of only two aircraft types that could fly faster than the speed of sound.
However, this plane was taken out of the fleet in 2003 after the crash of Air France flight 4590, after being used for 27 years.
British Airways has its own terminal at Heathrow Airport in London called Terminal 5 or T5.
It was opened on 14 March 2008 by the UK monarch Queen Elizabeth II, and cost £4.3 billion ($6.2 billion) to build.
It is between Heathrow's two runways- 27L/09R and 27R/09L. The site is 260 hectares in size, and has its own train station.
It also has over 100 shops and restaurants.
The only airlines to use terminal 5 are British Airways and Iberia Airlines.
Not all of British Airways' flights go through T5.
Some flights, such as those to Thailand, Singapore and Sydney in Australia depart from Terminal 3.
Other Airports
British Airways also has many flights from Gatwick Airport, and London City Airport which are both in London.
These two airports, along with Heathrow Airport, are British Airways' main airports.
BA CityFlier and OpenSkies
BA CityFlier runs flights from London City Airport to other major cities in the UK (such as Edinburgh and Glasgow) and the rest of Europe (such as Nice in France, Dublin in Ireland, Frankfurt in Germany, Madrid in Spain and Zurich in Switzerland).
It began flying passengers in March 2007.
It is also a much smaller airline than British Airways, and has 14 Embraer E-Jet family planes.
OpenSkies in an even smaller airline with only two aircraft- old Boeing 757s from that used to belong to British Airways.
At the moment, the airline only flies to/from Paris in France and New York in the United States of America.
The two Boeing 757s have enough room for 110 passengers, and have 20 Business class seats, 24 Premium Economy class seats and 66 Economy class seats.
British Airways is a member of Oneworld.
Oneworld is a partnership between 11 airlines: American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Finnair, Iberia Airlines, Japan Airlines, LAN, Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Royal Jordanian Airlines, S7 Airlines and British Airways.
Smaller airlines that are owned by these 12 member airlines are also part of Oneworld- for example BA CityFlier.
There is one exception- OpenSkies however is not part of Oneworld.
Being part of Oneworld means that the airlines sell tickets for their own flights as well as for other members' flights (for example, British Airways sells tickets for American Airlines flights).
This is good for the airlines because the customers can get their tickets in one place and it lets the airlines use flights that they wouldn't normally have.
Also, Oneworld has a frequent flier program, where all the separate member airlines' airmiles can be used, so they can be used across all the member airlines.
The three levels are Oneworld Ruby (lowest), Oneworld Sapphire (middle) and Oneworld Emerald (highest).
It is up to the airlines to decide how many air miles a passenger needs to get rewards from their own scheme.
A passenger is awarded one air mile for each mile that they fly with the airline for.
Other facts about British Airways
It was the first airline to introduce flat beds in Business Class, although many airlines now have this feature
It is shown in the James Bond movie series.
The airline was awarded 'Airline of the Year 2015'
It formerly operated more Boeing 747s than any other airline (however with the introduction of the B777 and the A380 that number is predicted to drop).
As a result of the global Covid-19 Pandemic and subsequent drop in air travel, British Airways permanently retired its 747 Fleet in 2020.
In 1989, the airline launched a 90-second advert known as “Face” which has become a classic.
It features groups of people in the shape of parts of the face which forms together by the end of the advert, as well as scenes of people uniting.
Other versions of the advert soon followed.
British Airways Official Site
1974 establishments in the United Kingdom
Airlines of the United Kingdom
The Group of Eight (G8) was a group made up of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia (suspended), the United Kingdom and the United States.
The European Commission is also represented in the committee.
The group has conferences or meetings throughout the year, it researches policies, and has a summit meeting once a year.
The heads of government of each G8 country attend the summit meeting.
Each year a different country takes over the presidency of the group for the duration of the year.
The country that holds the presidency sets the agenda for the year and hosts the summit for that year.
The first G6 meeting was in 1975.
Canada joined in 1976, making G7.
Russia made it G8 in 1997.
The organization's official 2014 summit was not held in Moscow as previously planned, due to the invasion and takeover of Crimea.
In March 24, 2014, all seven member nations voted to suspend Russia from the G-8.
The meeting was held in Brussels instead, and the G8 will be called G7 since there are now seven leaders.
The G8 is not considered an international organization because it does not have administrative structure.
This means that besides the president, there are no official titles for the members, they are all considered equal.
Their meetings are not formal.
The goal is to talk about global topics and problems in a relaxed manner.
There are many global problems and issues that can be discussed at meetings.
Some common topics of discussion include: health, law enforcement, labor, economic and social development, energy, environment, foreign affairs, justice, terrorism, and trade.
Yearly summit
The annual meeting of G8 leaders is attended by the heads of government and other invited guests.
It is usually held for three days in the middle of the year.
Each year one of the G8 countries is considered the G8 president.
The country of the G8 presidency is responsible for organizing and hosting a summit during that year.
The first summit meeting was held in November of 1975 in France.
Economic power
Source: World Development Report 2006, World Bank
G8 research group, "G8 Research Group's Information Centre", utoronto.ca
"Special Report: G8", Guardian Unlimited
"Profile: G8", BBC News
"We are deeply concerned.
Again", New Statesman, 4 July 2005, - G8 development concerns since 1977
Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (3 April 1930 – 16 June 2017) was a German CDU politician.
He was the last Chancellor of West Germany, and he stayed in office after reunification as the first Chancellor of a united Germany.
From 1969 to 1976 he was the Minister President of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate and from 1982 to 1998 Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Kohl helped to arrange the process of German reunification and participated considerably in the European unity process.
A pro-EU conservative, he was often compared to Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, two other leaders with similar views in the 1980s.
In 1998, he retired as Chancellor, as the SPD won the election.
His replacement was Gerhard Schröeder.
Ministers-President of Germany
People from Ludwigshafen
Politicians from Rhineland-Palatinate
In biology, an organ is a group of tissues that work together in an organism.
They specialise in particular vital functions.
They create an organ system which, as a whole, is an organism.
History 1960-1969
SDS held its first meeting in 1960 at Ann Arbor, Michigan.
They had their first convention in 1962, and criticized the political system of the United States for not bringing international peace or fixing problems in society at home.
It also called for non-violent civil disobedience so that student youth could bring forth a "participatory democracy."
In the school year 1962-1963, the President of SDS was Tom Hayden, who later became famous.
There were nine chapters around the country with at most, about 1000 members.
The national office (NO) in New York City had only a few desks, some broken chairs, a couple of filing cabinets, and a few typewriters.
On October 1, 1964, the University of California, Berkeley exploded into the free speech movement.
Led by a Friends of SNCC student activist named Mario Savio, more than three thousand students surrounded a police car where a student, arrested for setting up a card table against a ban by the University, was being taken away.
The sit-down stopped the police car from moving for 36 hours.
The demonstrations, meetings and strikes all but shut the university down.
Hundreds of students were arrested.
SDS leaders watched and learned from this lesson.
In February 1965, US President Lyndon Johnson made the war in Vietnam much bigger by bombing North Vietnam and putting ground troops right into fighting against the Viet Cong in the South.
The draft became a very real issue in the lives of students in America.
Campus chapters of SDS all over the country started to lead small, local demonstrations against the war and the NO became the main group that organized the March against the war in Washington DC on April 17.
The first teach-in against the war was held in the University of Michigan.
Soon hundreds more, all over the country, were held.
The demonstration in Washington, DC attracted about 25,000 anti-war protesters and SDS became the leading student group against the war on most U.S. campuses.
The 1965 summer convention was held at Kewadin, Northern Michigan.
and the National Office, moved from Manhattan to Chicago at about the same time.
This brought more changes.
"For the first time at an SDS meeting people smoked marijuana; Pancho Villa mustaches... blue workshirts, denim jackets, and boots were worn by both men and women.
These were people generally raised outside of the East, many from the Midwest and Southwest
The Winter and Spring of 1967 saw more militancy of the protests at many campuses.
Harassment by the authorities was also on the rise.
The hippie movement really began to take hold.
The 1967 convention spoke on the draft and resisting within the Army itself, and made a call for immediate withdrawal from Vietnam.
Also, a women's liberation vote was passed for the first time.
That Fall saw more anti-war actions.
The school year started with a large demonstration against the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Wisconsin on October 17  for letting Dow recruiters on campus.
Peaceful at first, the demonstrations turned to a sit-in that was violently broken up by the Madison police and riot squad, causing many injuries and arrests.
A rally and a student strike then closed the university for several days.
Demonstrations against the draft led by members of the Resistance, the War Resisters League, and SDS added fuel to the fire of resistance.
After regular civil rights tactics of peaceful pickets, the Oakland California Stop the Draft Week ended in mass hit and run fights with the police.
The huge (100,000 people) October 21 March on the Pentagon saw hundreds arrested and hurt.
Night-time raids on draft offices began to spread.
In the spring of 1968, National SDS activists led an effort on the campuses called "Ten Days of Resistance" and local chapters held rallies, marches, sit-ins and teach-ins, ending in a one-day strike on April 26.
About a million students stayed away from classes that day, the largest ever student strike in the history of the United States.
It was mostly ignored by the New York City-based national media, which was more focused on the student shutdown of Columbia University in NYC, led by an inter-racial alliance of Columbia SDS chapter activists and Student Afro Society activists.
Because of the Columbia Student Revolt, "SDS" became a household name in the United States for a few years; and membership in SDS chapters around the United States grew greatly during the 1968-69 school year.
In the summer of 1969, the ninth SDS national convention was held at the Chicago Coliseum with some 2000 people attending.
Many groups of the movement were there, even Communists, and set up their tables all around the edges of the hall, together with undercover spies, creating an air of excitement.
Each of the delegates was given a paper saying "You don't need a Weatherman to know which way the wind blows" (a lyric from a Bob Dylan song, "Subterranean Homesick Blues").
This was written by a group who later became called the Weathermen and were involved in more violent protests.
They took over by voting out another large group, the convention quickly fell apart, and so did SDS.
2006: The New SDS
Beginning January 2006, there is a movement to start a new SDS.
A small group of old SDS members joined with a Connecticut high school student to call for a new SDS fighting for civil rights and against war.
Several chapters at various colleges were later started.
On Martin Luther King Day of 2006, these chapters called for the first national convention since 1969 to be held in the summer of 2006
Lately SDS has been in actions against war.
The Pace University chapter of SDS protested against a speech by Bill Clinton held at the campus, causing the university to hand over two students to the United States Secret Service.
When the school was going to kick these two students out of school, Pace SDS began a movement in March 2006 protesting the University's actions.