the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
1814 – Jacob Bunn, American businessman (d. 1897)
1819 – James McCulloch, Scottish-Australian politician, 5th Premier of Victoria (d. 1893)
1820 – John Plankinton, American businessman and industrialist, also noted for philanthropy (d. 1891)
1823 – Antoine Chanzy, French general (d. 1883)
1828 – Randal Cremer, English activist and politician, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1908)
1837 – Grover Cleveland, American lawyer and politician, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (d. 1908)
1840 – William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (d. 1901)
1842 – Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet and critic (d. 1898)
1844 – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer and academic (d. 1908)
1846 – Kicking Bear, Native American tribal leader (d. 1904)
1848 – Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, American architect and engineer (d. 1938)
1851 – 1900
1858 – Rudolf Diesel, German engineer, invented the Diesel engine (d. 1913)
1862 – Eugène Jansson, Swedish painter (d. 1915)
1863 – William Sulzer, American lawyer and politician, 39th Governor of New York (d. 1941)
1869 – Neville Chamberlain, English businessman and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
1870 – Agnes Sime Baxter, Canadian mathematician (d. 1917)
1874 – Nikolai Berdyaev, Russian-French philosopher and theologian (d. 1948)
1877 – Edgar Cayce, American mystic and psychic (d. 1945)
1877   – Clem Hill, Australian cricketer and engineer (d. 1945)
1878 – Percival Perry, 1st Baron Perry, English businessman (d. 1956)
1882 – Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer and educator (d. 1973)
1884 – Bernard Cronin, English-Australian journalist and author (d. 1968)
1886 – Edward Everett Horton, American actor, singer, and dancer (d. 1970)
1890 – Henri Decoin, French director and screenwriter (d. 1969)
1893 – Costante Girardengo, Italian cyclist (d. 1978)
1893   – Wilfred Owen, English soldier and poet (d. 1918)
1901 – 1925
1901 – Manly Palmer Hall, Canadian mystic, author & philosopher (d. 1990)
1901   – William Johnson, American painter (d. 1970)
1903 – Galeazzo Ciano, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1944)
1903   – E. O. Plauen, German cartoonist (d. 1944)
1904 – Srečko Kosovel, Slovenian poet and author (d. 1926)
1904   – Margaret Tucker, Australian author and activist (d. 1996)
1905 – Thomas Townsend Brown, American physicist and engineer (d. 1985)
1905   – Robert Donat, English actor (d. 1958)
1907 – John Zachary Young, English zoologist and neurophysiologist (d. 1997)
1908 – Loulou Gasté, French composer (d. 1995)
1909 – Ernest Gallo, American businessman, co-founded the E & J Gallo Winery (d. 2007)
1909   – C. Walter Hodges, English author and illustrator (d. 2004)
1911 – Smiley Burnette, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1967)
1912 – Art Gilmore, American voice actor and announcer (d. 2010)
1913 – René Clément, French director and screenwriter (d. 1996)
1913   – Werner Mölders, German colonel and pilot (d. 1941)
1915 – Richard Condon, American author and screenwriter (d. 1996)
1922 – Egon Bahr, German journalist and politician, Federal Minister for Special Affairs of Germany (d. 2015)
1922   – Seymour Martin Lipset, American sociologist and academic (d. 2006)
1922   – Fred Shuttlesworth, American activist, co-founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (d. 2011)
1923 – Andy Granatelli, American race car driver and businessman (d. 2013)
1925 – Alessandro Alessandroni, Italian musician (d. 2017)
1925   – James Pickles, English journalist, lawyer, and judge (d. 2010)
1926 – 1950
1926 – Peter Graves, American actor and director (d. 2010)
1927 – John Kander, American pianist and composer
1927   – George Plimpton, American journalist and actor (d. 2003)
1927   – Lillian Vernon, German-American businesswoman and philanthropist, founded the Lillian Vernon Company (d. 2015)
1928 – Miguel Poblet, Spanish cyclist (d. 2013)
1928   – Fidel V. Ramos, Filipino general and politician, 12th President of the Philippines
1929 – Samuel Pisar, Polish-American lawyer and author (d. 2015)
1930 – James J. Andrews, American mathematician and academic (d. 1998)
1931 – John Fraser, Scottish actor
1932 – John Updike, American novelist, short story writer, and critic (d. 2009)
1933 – Unita Blackwell, American activist and politician
1934 – Roy Chapman, English footballer and manager (d. 1983)
1934   – Charley Pride, American country music singer and musician
1935 – Ole Barndorff-Nielsen, Danish mathematician and statistician
1935   – Frances Cress Welsing, American psychiatrist and author (d. 2016)
1936 – F. W. de Klerk, South African lawyer and politician, 2nd State President of South Africa, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2021)
1937 – Rudi Altig, German cyclist and sportscaster (d. 2016)
1937   – Mark Donohue, American race car driver (d. 1975)
1938 – Carl Gottlieb, American actor and screenwriter
1938   – Shashi Kapoor, Indian actor and producer (d. 2017)
1938   – Kenny Lynch, English singer-songwriter and actor
1938   – Timo Mäkinen, Finnish race car driver (d. 2017)
1938   – Machiko Soga, Japanese actress (d. 2006)
1939 – Ron Atkinson, English footballer and manager
1939   – Jean-Pierre Wallez, French violinist and conductor
1940 – Mark Medoff, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 2019)
1941 – Wilson Pickett, American singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
1942 – Kathleen Collins, African-American filmmaker and playwright (d. 1988)
1943 – Dennis Linde, American singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
1944 – Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, Israeli general and politician, 22nd Transportation Minister of Israel (d. 2012)
1944   – Frank McRae, American football player and actor
1944   – Dick Smith, Australian publisher and businessman, founded Dick Smith Electronics and Australian Geographic
1945 – Hiroh Kikai, Japanese photographer
1945   – Michael Reagan, American journalist and radio host
1945   – Susan Tyrrell, American actress (d. 2012)
1945   – Eric Woolfson, Scottish singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (d. 2009)
1946 – Michel Leclère, French race car driver
1947 – Patrick Barlow, English actor and playwright
1947   – Patrick Chesnais, French actor, director, and screenwriter
1947   – David Lloyd, English cricketer, journalist, and sportscaster
1947   – B. J. Wilson, English rock drummer (d. 1990)
1948 – Guy Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1948   – Brian Lloyd, Welsh footballer
1948   – Eknath Solkar, Indian cricketer (d. 2005)
1949 – Åse Kleveland, Norwegian singer and politician, Norwegian Minister of Culture
1950 – James Conlon, American conductor and educator
1950   – Brad Dourif, American actor
1950   – Linda Partridge, English geneticist and academic
1950   – Larry Perkins, Australian race car driver
1951 – Paul Barber, English actor
1951   – Ben Cohen, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Ben and Jerry's
1951   – Bill Frisell, American guitarist and composer
1951   – Timothy N. Philpot, American lawyer, author, and judge
1952 – Will Durst, American journalist and actor
1952   – Pat Eddery, Irish jockey and trainer (d. 2015)
1952   – Bernie Tormé, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
1952   – Mike Webster, American football player (d. 2002)
1952   – Salome Zourabichvili, President of Georgia
1953 – Franz Wright, Austrian-American poet and translator (d. 2015)
1953   – Takashi Yoshimatsu, Japanese composer
1955 – Francis G. Slay, American lawyer and politician, 45th Mayor of St. Louis
1955   – Jeff Stelling, English journalist and game show host
1956 – Rick Martel, Canadian wrestler
1956   – Deborah Jeane Palfrey, American madam (d. 2008)
1956   – Ingemar Stenmark, Swedish skier
1957 – Christer Fuglesang, Swedish physicist and astronaut
1958 – Richard de Zoysa, Sri Lankan journalist and author (d. 1990)
1959 – Luc Besson, French director, producer, and screenwriter, founded EuropaCorp
1960 – Richard Biggs, American actor (d. 2004)
1960   – Guy Carbonneau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1960   – James Plaskett, Cypriot-English chess player
1961 – Grant Hart, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
1962 – Michael Andrews, Australian rugby league player
1962   – Irene Cara, American singer-songwriter, actress, and producer
1962   – Brian Fisher, American baseball player
1962   – Thomas Ian Griffith, American actor and martial artist
1962   – James McMurtry, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
1962   – Etsushi Toyokawa, Japanese actor and director
1962   – Volker Weidler, German race car driver and engineer
1963 – Jeff LaBar, American guitarist
1963   – Vanessa L. Williams, American model, actress, and singer
1964 – Bonnie Blair, American speed skater
1964   – Alex Caffi, Italian race car driver
1964   – Jo Churchill, British politician
1964   – Courtney Pine, English saxophonist and clarinet player
1964   – Isabel Noronha, Mozambican movie director
1966 – Jerry Cantrell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1966   – Peter Jones, English businessman
1966   – Brian Watts, Canadian golfer
1967 – Miki Berenyi, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1968 – Prince Eudes, Duke of Angoulême
1968   – Miguel Herrera, Mexican footballer and manager
1968   – Temur Ketsbaia, Georgian footballer and manager
1968   – Paul Marsden, English businessman and politician
1969 – Andy Cutting, English accordion player and composer
1969   – Vassily Ivanchuk, Ukrainian chess player
1969   – Jimmy Morales, Guatemalan comedian and politician, President of Guatemala
1969   – Shaun Udal, English cricketer
1970 – Queen Latifah, American rapper, producer, and actress
1971 – Wayne Arthurs, Australian tennis player
1971   – Mike Bell, American wrestler (d. 2008)
1971   – Mariaan de Swardt, South African-American tennis player, coach, and sportscaster
1971   – Kitty Ussher, English economist and politician
1972 – Dane Cook, American comedian, actor, director, and producer
1972   – Reince Priebus, American lawyer and politician, 27th White House Chief of Staff
1973 – Luci Christian, American voice actress and screenwriter
1974 – Laure Savasta, French basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
1974   – Stuart Zender, English bass player, songwriter, and producer
1975 – Sutton Foster, American actress, singer, and dancer
1975   – Brian Griese, American football player and sportscaster
1975   – Kimmo Timonen, Finnish ice hockey player
1975   – Tomas Žvirgždauskas, Lithuanian footballer
1976 – Giovanna Antonelli, Brazilian actress and producer
1976   – Tomo Ohka, Japanese baseball player
1976   – Scott Podsednik, American baseball player
1976   – Mike Quackenbush, American wrestler, trainer, and author, founded Chikara wrestling promotion
1977 – Zdeno Chára, Slovak ice hockey player
1977   – Alex Jones, Welsh television presenter
1977   – Danny Murphy, English footballer and sportscaster
1977   – Fernando Rodney, Dominican-American baseball player
1977   – Willy Sagnol, French footballer and manager
1977   – Terrmel Sledge, American baseball player and coach
1978 – Fernandão, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2014)
1978   – Brooke Hanson, Australian swimmer
1978   – Brian Scalabrine, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
1978   – Jonas Wallerstedt, Swedish footballer, coach, and manager
1979 – Adam Levine, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and television personality
1980 – Sébastien Frey, French footballer
1980   – Sophia Myles, English actress
1980   – Alexei Yagudin, Russian figure skater
1981 – Tora Berger, Norwegian biathlete
1981   – Fabian Cancellara, Swiss cyclist
1981   – Leslie Djhone, French sprinter
1981   – Jang Na-ra, South Korean singer and actress
1981   – Kasib Powell, American basketball player
1981   – Tom Starke, German footballer
1981   – Doug Warren, American soccer player
1981   – Lovro Zovko, Croatian tennis player
1982 – Mantorras, Angolan footballer
1982   – Chad Cordero, American baseball player
1982   – Timo Glock, German race car driver
1982   – Adam Pally, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1983 – Ethan Carter III, American wrestler
1983   – Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro, French tennis player
1983   – Andy Sonnanstine, American baseball player
1983   – Tomasz Stolpa, Polish footballer
1984 – Simone Padoin, Italian footballer
1984   – Rajeev Ram, American tennis player
1984   – Vonzell Solomon, American singer and actress
1985 – Ana Beatriz, Brazilian race car driver
1985   – Marvin Humes, English singer
1985   – Vince Lia, Australian footballer
1986 – Lykke Li, Swedish singer-songwriter
1986   – Abdennour Chérif El-Ouazzani, Algerian footballer
1987 – Rebecca Soni, American swimmer
1989 – Francesco Checcucci, Italian footballer
1989   – Lily Collins, English-American actress
1989   – Shreevats Goswami, Indian cricketer
1989   – Kana Nishino, Japanese singer-songwriter
1989   – Paul Marc Rousseau, Canadian guitarist and producer
1991 – Dylan Mattingly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1991   – Sam Williams, Australian rugby league player
1992 – Ryan Truex, American race car driver
1992 – Takuya Terada, Japanese singer, actor, and model
1997 – Ciara Bravo, American actress
1997   – Rieko Ioane, New Zealand rugby union player
978 – Edward the Martyr, English king (b. 962)
1076 – Ermengarde of Anjou, Duchess of Burgundy (b. 1018)
1086 – Anselm of Lucca, Italian bishop (b. 1036)
1227 – Pope Honorius III (b. 1148)
1272 – John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel (b. 1246)
1308 – Yuri I of Galicia
1314 – Jacques de Molay, Frankish knight (b. 1244)
1314   – Geoffroy de Charney, Preceptor of Normandy for the Knights Templar
1321 – Matthew III Csák, Hungarian oligarch (b. c.1260/5)
1582 – Juan Jauregui, attempted assassin of William I of Orange (b. 1562)
1675 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1606)
1689 – John Dixwell, English soldier and politician (b. 1607)
1745 – Robert Walpole, English scholar and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1676)
1768 – Laurence Sterne, Irish novelist and clergyman (b. 1713)
1781 – Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, French economist and politician, Controller-General of Finances (b. 1727)
1823 – Jean-Baptiste Bréval, French cellist and composer (b. 1753)
1835 – Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish-Prussian politician and diplomat (b. 1769)
1845 – Johnny Appleseed, American gardener and missionary (b. 1774)
1871 – Augustus De Morgan, Indian-English mathematician and academic (b. 1806)
1898 – Matilda Joslyn Gage, American author and activist (b. 1826)
1900 – Hjalmar Kiærskou, Danish botanist (b. 1835)
1901 – 2000
1907 – Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist and politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1827)
1913 – George I of Greece (b. 1845)
1918 – Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, American architect, designed the Plaza Hotel (b. 1847)
1930 – Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, American painter (b. 1863)
1936 – Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek journalist, lawyer, and politician, 93rd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1864)
1939 – Henry Simpson Lunn, English businessman, founded Lunn Poly (b. 1859)
1941 – Henri Cornet, French cyclist (b. 1884)
1947 – William C. Durant, American businessman, co-founded General Motors and Chevrolet (b. 1861)
1954   – Walter Mead, English cricketer (b. 1868)
1956 – Louis Bromfield, American environmentalist and author (b. 1896)
1962 – Walter W. Bacon, American accountant and politician, 60th Governor of Delaware (b. 1880)
1964 – Sigfrid Edström, Swedish businessman, 4th President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1870)
1965 – Farouk of Egypt (b. 1920)
1973 – Johannes Aavik, Estonian philologist and poet (b. 1880)
1977 – Marien Ngouabi, Congolese politician, President of the Republic of the Congo (b. 1938)
1977   – Carlos Pace, Brazilian race car driver (b. 1944)
1978 – Leigh Brackett, American author and screenwriter (b. 1915)
1978   – Peggy Wood, American actress (b. 1892)
1980 – Erich Fromm, German psychologist and philosopher (b. 1900)
1982 – Patrick Smith, Irish farmer and politician, Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (b. 1901)
1983 – Umberto II of Italy (b. 1904)
1984 – Charley Lau, American baseball player and coach (b. 1933)
1986 – Bernard Malamud, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1914)
1988 – Billy Butterfield, American trumpet player and cornet player (b. 1917)
1990 – Robin Harris, American comedian (b. 1953)
1993 – Kenneth E. Boulding, English-American economist and activist (b. 1910)
1996 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek poet and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
2000 – Eberhard Bethge, German theologian and academic (b. 1909)
2001 – John Phillips, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Mamas & the Papas) (b. 1935)
2002 – R. A. Lafferty, American soldier and author (b. 1914)
2003 – Karl Kling, German race car driver (b. 1910)
2003   – Adam Osborne, Thai-English engineer and businessman, founded the Osborne Computer Corporation (b. 1939)
2004 – Harrison McCain, Canadian businessman, co-founded McCain Foods (b. 1927)
2006 – Dan Gibson, Canadian photographer and cinematographer (b. 1922)
2007 – Bob Woolmer, Indian-English cricketer, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1948)
2008 – Anthony Minghella, English director and screenwriter (b. 1954)
2009 – Omid Reza Mir Sayafi, Iranian journalist and blogger (b. 1980)
2009   – Natasha Richardson, English-American actress (b. 1963)
2010 – Fess Parker, American actor and businessman (b. 1924)
2011 – Warren Christopher, American lawyer and politician, 63rd United States Secretary of State (b. 1925)
2012 – Furman Bisher, American journalist and author (b. 1918)
2012   – William R. Charette, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1932)
2012   – William G. Moore Jr., American general (b. 1920)
2012   – George Tupou V of Tonga (b. 1948)
2013 – Muhammad Mahmood Alam, Pakistani general and pilot (b. 1935)
2013   – Henry Bromell, American novelist, screenwriter, and director (b. 1947)
2013   – Clay Ford, American lawyer and politician (b. 1938)
2014 – Catherine Obianuju Acholonu, Nigerian author, playwright, and academic (b. 1951)
2014   – Kaiser Kalambo, Zambian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1953)
2014   – Lucius Shepard, American author and critic (b. 1943)
2015 – Zhao Dayu, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1961)
2015   – Thomas Hopko, American priest and theologian (b. 1939)
2015   – Grace Ogot, Kenyan nurse, journalist, and politician (b. 1930)
2016 – Barry Hines, English author and screenwriter (b. 1939)
2016   – Jan Němec, Czech director and screenwriter (b. 1936)
2016   – Tray Walker, American football player (b. 1992)
2016   – Guido Westerwelle, German lawyer and politician, 15th Vice-Chancellor of Germany (b. 1961)
2017 – Chuck Berry, American guitarist, singer and songwriter (b. 1926)
2017   – Sergei Gimayev, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1955)
2017   – Ashwin Sundar Indian racing driver (b. 1985)
2017   – Miloslav Vlk, Czech cardinal (b. 1932)
2017   – Bernie Wrightson, American illustrator and comic book artist (b. 1948)
2018 – Barkat Gourad Hamadou, former Prime minister of Djibouti (b. 1930)
2018   – Li Ao, Chinese-Taiwanese social commentator and historian (b. 1935)
2018   – Ivor Richard, Baron Richard, British politician and diplomat (b. 1932)
2019 – Egon Balas, Romanian mathematician (b. 1922)
2019   – György Baló, Hungarian broadcaster (b. 1947)
2019   – John Carl Buechler, American visual effects artist, actor and movie director (b. 1952)
2019   – Jerrie Cobb, American aviator (b. 1931)
2019   – Kenneth To, Hong Kong-Australian swimmer (b. 1992)
Anniversary of the Oil Expropriation (Mexico)
Alexander of Jerusalem
Anselm of Lucca
Fridianus
Salvator
March 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Earliest date on which Holy Wednesday can fall, while April 21 is the latest; celebrated on the week before Easter (Christianity)
Flag Day (Aruba)
Gallipoli Memorial Day (Turkey)
Men's and Soldiers' Day (Mongolia)
Ordnance Factories' Day (India)
Sheelah's Day (Ireland, Canada, Australia)
Teacher's Day (Syria)
1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday in the Gregorian calendar.
It was a leap year starting on Saturday in the Julian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the obsolete Julian calendar.
It was also the last year when the Julian calendar was used until Tuesday, January 1, 1929, when every state in the entire world had adopted the Gregorian calendar.
January 31 – Leon Trotsky is exiled to Kazakhstan
February 8 – British inventor John Logie Baird sends the first television signal across the Atlantic Ocean, from London to New York
May 7 – The United Kingdom gives equal voting rights to women by passing the Representation of the People Act.
This law allows women to vote when they are 21 years old, like men.
Before this, women could not vote until they were 30.
June 9 – Australian flyer Charles Kingsford Smith finishes the first airplane flight across the Pacific Ocean.
September 28 – Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
October 2 – Josemaria Escriva starts Opus Dei.
January 5 – Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan and 4th President (died 1979).
March 6 - Glyn Owen, Welsh actor (died 2004)
March 20 – Fred Rogers, American television children's program host and writer (died 2003).
April 23 – Shirley Temple, American child actress and diplomat (died 2014).
May 4 – Hosni Mubarak, 4th President of Egypt and Prime Minister (died 2020).
May 23 - Nigel Davenport, British actor (died 2013).
June 14 – Che Guevara, Argentinian Marxist revolutionary (died 1967).
July 26 – Stanley Kubrick, American movie director (died 1999).
August 22 – Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer (died 2007).
December 1 - Malachi Throne, American television actor (died 2013).
December 30 – Bo Diddley, American rock and roll musician (died 2008).
February 4 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist and mathematician
A meteor is what you see when a space rock falls to Earth.
It is often known as a shooting star or falling star and can be a bright light in the night sky, though most are faint.
A few survive long enough to hit the ground.
That is called a meteorite, and a large one sometimes leaves a hole in the ground called a crater.
A rock that has not yet hit the atmosphere is called a "meteoroid".
Meteoroids may range in size from large pieces of rock to tiny dust particles floating in space that did not form planets.
When the meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere they are usually going faster than the Earth's escape velocity of 13 km/sec or Mach 40.
This makes them heat up and usually break apart.
When the heat makes them glow, they are known as meteors.
There are several types of meteorites including: stony, carbonaceous chondrites, and iron-nickel.
Stony meteorites are named because they are largely made up of stone-like mineral material.
Carbonaceous chondrites have a high carbon content.
Iron-nickel meteorites are mostly iron often with significant nickel as well.
Meteorites were often during the Late Heavy Bombardment.
Nowadays they sometimes hurt people and property.
The 2013 Russian meteor event did the most damage.
Large meteorite strikes may have played a part in several of the mass extinctions, and so indirectly on the course of evolution. (
see K/T extinction event; List of extinction events; Chicxulub crater)
Meteorite types
Chondrites
Chondrites are stony (non-metallic) meteorites that are as old as the Solar System: 4.55 billion years.
They sometimes contain amino acids and other organic molecules.
They have not been modified due to melting or other disturbances.
They are formed when various types of dust and small grains that were present in the early solar system accreted to form primitive asteroids.
They are the most common type of meteorite that falls to Earth: they are about 85 or 86 percent of all meteorites.
Their study gives clues about the origin and age of the Solar System, the synthesis of organic compounds, the origin of life or the presence of water on Earth.
Chondrites can be differentiated from iron meteorites by their low iron and nickel content.
Achondrites
About 8 percent of meteorites show signs of melting and recrystallizing.
They look rather like basalt or granite.
Iron meteorites
Iron meteorites are meteorites made of an iron–nickel alloy.
They are about 6 percent of all meteorites.
This comes from the inner cores of early small proto-planets.
The iron found in iron meteorites was one of the earliest sources of usable iron,  before humans invented smelting.
That signalled the beginning of the iron age.
Iron meteorites are easily found, because native iron is rare.
Siderolites
Siderolites are stony-iron meteorites that have almost equal parts of iron and silicates.
They are quite rare: only about 1 percent of all meteorites are siderolites.
Similarity (geometry), when a shape looks the same as another shape, but has a different size or rotation
Matrix similarity, a relation between matrices
String metric, or string similarity
Semantic similarity in computational linguistics
In psychology, similarity (psychology)
In music, musical similarity
In chemistry, chemical similarity
Notepad is a word processing program, which allows changing of text in a computer file.
Notepad was created by the Microsoft corporation.
It is a text editor, a very simple word processor.
It has been a part of Microsoft Windows since 1985.
The program has options such as changing the font, the font size, and the font style.
The most common use for Notepad is to view or change (edit) text (.txt) files, though .dat and .ini files can be changed in Notpad as well.
Many users find Notepad a simple program for creating webpages.
Microsoft Windows software
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858 in Kiel – October 4, 1947 in Göttingen) was a physicist from Germany.
He discovered quantum mechanics.
He won the Nobel Prize in physics.
Planck came from an old fashioned, intelligent family.
His great-grandfather and grandfather were both theology professors in Göttingen; his father was a law professor in Kiel and Munich; and his paternal uncle was a judge.
Planck was born in Kiel, Holstein, to Johann Julius Wilhelm Planck and his second wife, Emma Patzig.
He was baptised with the name of Karl Ernst Ludwig Marx Planck; of his given names, Marx (a now not used variant of Markus or maybe simply an error for Max, which is actually short for Maximilian) was indicated as the primary name.
However, by the age of ten he signed with the name Max and used this for the rest of his life.
He was the sixth child in the family, although two of his brothers and sisters were from his father's first marriage.
Among his earliest memories was the marching of Prussian and Austrian troops into Kiel during the Danish-Prussian war of 1864.
In 1867 the family moved to Munich, and Planck enrolled in the Maximilians gymnasium school, where he came under the tutelage of Hermann Müller, a mathematician who took an interest in the youth, and taught him astronomy and mechanics as well as mathematics.
It was from Müller that Planck first learned the principle of conservation of energy.
Planck graduated early, at age 17.
This is how Planck first came in contact with the field of physics.
Reflexions a propòsit de la teoria dels quanta (Simone Weil)
German theoretical physicists
Leno was born James Douglas Muir Leno in New Rochelle, New York on April 28, 1950.
His homemaker mother Catherine (née Muir; 1911–1993) was born in Greenock, Scotland and came to the United States at the age of 11.
Leno's father, Angelo (1910–1994), who worked as an insurance salesman, was born in New York, to immigrants from Flumeri, Italy.
Leno grew up in Andover, Massachusetts and even though his high school guidance counselor recommended that he drop out of school, he later obtained a Bachelor's degree in speech therapy from Emerson College, where he started a comedy club in 1973.
Leno's only sibling was his late older brother Patrick, who was a Vietnam veteran and a lawyer.
Leno worked on late night television.
He became host of The Tonight Show in 1992 when Johnny Carson retired.
In 2007, during the writer's strike, Leno sided with the writers, even though he returned to his show after two months (without the writers besides himself) so that his staff would not be out of work.
Despite leading the late-night ratings, he was forced out as host of the Tonight Show in 2009 to make way for Conan O'Brien.
On March 1, 2010, became The Tonight Show host once again, because of poor ratings with both himself and Conan O'Brien.
Leno hosted his last episode of the Tonight Show on February 6, 2014.
The Jay Leno Show
He now stars in his own prime-time comedy show The Jay Leno Show, which debuted on September 14, 2009.
He guest-starred twice on the Nickelodeon TV series The Fairly OddParents as the Crimson Chin.
His character's name uses the fact that Leno has a large and square chin.
Since 1980, Leno has been married to Mavis Leno; they have no children by mutual agreement.
Leno is dyslexic.
Official Tonight Show with Jay Leno web site
Jay Leno's Car Collection
Jay Leno's Columns at Octane magazine
The New York Times on Leno's affiliation with McPherson College
Live performance videos from the Tonight Show
People from New Rochelle, New York
American television talk show hosts
Comedians from New York
Vancouver is a coastal city and major seaport on the mainland of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
The city has a population of over 630,000 and is the largest city in British Columbia.
Metro Vancouver has a population of over 2 million people.
That makes it the third largest metropolitan area in Canada.
Vancouver has a mix of people from different cultures.
Fifty-two percent of city residents have a first language that is not English.
Native People began living in this area around 10,000-8,000 years ago.
These people were part of three main groups: the Squamish, Musqueam, and Tsleil-Waututh.
Vancouver was founded in 1886, and is named after British naval captain George Vancouver.
Captain Vancouver explored the area around Vancouver and Vancouver Island in the 1790s.
Buildings and information
Vancouver also has Stanley Park which has beaches and totem poles.
Nearby is Grouse Mountain which has good skiing and has a 2.9 km (1.8 mi.)
hiking trail which is known as the Grouse Grind.
Grouse Mountain also has an animal sanctuary, including wolves and bears.
The BC Lions of the Canadian Football League are based in Vancouver.
The team has won 6 Grey Cups.
In soccer, Vancouver is home to the Vancouver Whitecaps FC.
They play in the Major League Soccer (MLS).
Between Vancouver and the Pacific Ocean to the west is a large island called Vancouver Island.
Until the city was named in 1885, "Vancouver" referred to Vancouver Island.
Some people mistakenly think that the city is on Vancouver Island.
On the south shore of Vancouver is the Fraser River, which flows west into the Strait of Georgia.
The water along the north shore is called Burrard Inlet.
The city has an area of 114 square kilometres (44 sq mi).
The larger metropolitan area is 2,878 square kilometres (1,111 sq mi).
Vancouver has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification).
The average  precipitation per year is 1189 mm, mostly from October to April.
High temperatures in the summer average 22 °C.
The highest temperature ever recorded was 34.4 °C on July 30, 2009.
On average, snow falls on only 11 days per year.
The snow is usually wet, not very deep, and melts in the rain.
On average, on only 4.5 days a year does the temperature not rise above freezing.
Housing in Vancouver
Vancouver has had  a housing affordability crisis for many years.
It came in as the second-least affordable housing market compared with  90 other  metropolitan areas in different  countries.
The only place  considered less  affordable was Hong Kong.
Vancouver has been criticized for saying that it provides many social housing units to residents.
However social housing can refer to small apartments renting for $1,700 per month.
There are people with household incomes of up to $120,000 living in social housing in Vancouver.
The government has been attempting to address the housing crisis situation by imposing  a series of taxes such as the Foreign-buyers tax  and Empty Homes Tax in 2016 and Speculation tax in 2018.
Vancouver Stations
CBUT (CBC)
CKVU (Citytv)
CHAN (Global Television Network)
CKNO (Knowledge Network)
Official City of Vancouver website
Tourism Vancouver
Halifax Bay, North Queensland
Halifax Range, a mountain range
Halifax (electoral district), a federal electoral district since Confederation
Halifax Regional Municipality, capital of Nova Scotia, established in 1996, which includes:
Halifax (former city), the former city
Halifax County, Nova Scotia, the former county
Mainland Halifax, a region of the Municipality
Halifax Peninsula, part of the core of the Municipality
Metropolitan Halifax, urban part of the Municipality
Halifax Stanfield International Airport, built in Enfield in 1960
Halifax West, a federal electoral district since 1979
Halifax Parish, Prince Edward Island
Halifax, West Yorkshire, England (original source of the word "Halifax")
Halifax (UK Parliament constituency)
Halifax, Massachusetts, in Plymouth County
Halifax (MBTA station)
Halifax County, North Carolina (named for George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax)
Halifax Township, Pennsylvania, in Dauphin County
Halifax, Pennsylvania
Halifax, Vermont, in Windham County
Halifax County, Virginia (named for George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax)
Halifax River, in Florida (named for George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax)
Halifax (United Kingdom bank), part of the Lloyds Banking Group
Halifax (Irish bank), part of the Lloyds Banking Group
Music and television
Halifax f.p.,
an Australian television drama series
Halifax (band), an American rock band
The Halifax III, a 1960s Canadian folk music band
Halifax Regiment (Duke of Wellington's)
Handley Page Halifax, a British bomber plane during World War II
Halifax-class frigate, of the Canadian Navy
, the name of two Canadian naval vessels
HMCS Halifax (FFH 330), the lead ship of the Halifax class
HMCS Halifax (K237), a World War II Flower class corvette for convoy escort duties
HMS Halifax, the name of several Royal Navy ships
HMS Halifax (1756), a 22-gun sloop launched in 1756 and captured by the French in the same year at Oswego
HMS Halifax (1768), a 10-gun schooner originally built for merchant service at Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1765.
Purchased in 1768 by the British Royal Navy and wrecked in 1775
HMS Halifax (1775), a schooner purchased in 1775 and sold 1780
HMS Halifax (1780), an 18-gun sloop, originally called the USS Ranger, renamed after the ship was captured from the United States Navy on 11 May 1780, and sold in 1781
HMS Halifax (1782), a 10-gun schooner purchased in 1782 and sold in 1784
HMS Halifax (1806), an 18-gun sloop launched in 1806 at Halifax, Nova Scotia and broken up in 1814
William Halifax, Lord Stirling (1786–1871)
Joan Halifax (born 1942), Zen Buddhist roshi
Marquess of Halifax, a British title created once
George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax (1633–1695)
Earl of Halifax, a British title created four times and held by, among others:
Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (1661–1715)
George Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (1685–1739)
George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax (1716–1771)
Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax (1800–1885)
Charles Wood, 2nd Viscount Halifax (1839–1934)
E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax (1881–1959) (created Earl of Halifax in 1944)
Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax (1912–1980)
Charles Wood, 3rd Earl of Halifax (1944- )
John Halifax, central character of John Halifax, Gentleman, 1856 novel
Halifax RLFC, a rugby league club
F.C. Halifax Town, a football club
Halifax Town A.F.C., was an English football club, prior to 2009
Halifax Mooseheads a QMJHL team
Halifax College, a college of the University of York, England
Halifax Explosion, a 1917 explosion in Halifax, Nova Scotia caused by a ship collision
Halifax Gibbet, an early guillotine
Surnames
Nunavut is a territory in Canada.
It is the newest, largest, and northernmost territory of Canada.
It was founded in 1999 when many Inuit living in the Northwest Territories wanted to have an independent province and government.
Its capital is named Iqaluit.
It is in the north of Canada, and has a particularly cold climate for much of the year.
It has many native people (mainly Inuit).
The main form of transportation is the snowmobile.
For the first week of being a separate unit, it was the Province of Nunavut, but after a week it was renamed Nunavut Territory.
A symbol of the territory is the Eskimo Dog ().
Even today, some people still use these dogs.
1999 establishments in Canada
Martin was born in Waco, Texas to Glenn Vernon Martin, a real estate salesman and aspiring actor, and Mary Lee Stewart, a housewife.
Martin was raised in Inglewood, California and Garden Grove, California.
He is of English, French, German, Irish and Scottish descent.
As a teenager, Martin started out working at the Magic Shop at Disneyland.
There he developed his talents for magic, juggling, playing the banjo and creating balloon animals.
He teamed up with friend and Garden Grove High School classmate Kathy Westmoreland to do a musical comedy routine.
They performed at local coffee houses and at the Bird Cage Theater in Knott's Berry Farm.
Martin attended Santa Ana College at the same time as actress Diane Keaton.
Martin majored in philosophy at California State University, Long Beach, but dropped out.
His time there changed his life:
"It changed what I believe and what I think about everything.
Something about non-sequiturs appealed to me.
In philosophy, I started studying logic, and they were talking about cause and effect, and you start to realize, 'Hey, there is no cause and effect!
There is no logic!
There is no anything!'
Then it gets real easy to write this stuff, because all you have to do is twist everything hard—you twist the punch line, you twist the non-sequitur so hard away from the things that set it up, that it's easy... and it's thrilling."
Martin's girlfriend in 1967 was a dancer on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour.
She helped Martin get a writing job with the show by submitting his work to head writer Mason Williams.
Williams initially paid Martin out of his own pocket.
Along with the other writers for the show, Martin won an Emmy Award in 1969.
Martin also wrote for John Denver (a neighbor of his in Aspen, Colorado at one point), The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour, and The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour.
He also appeared on these shows and several others, in various comedy skits.
Martin also performed his own material, sometimes as an opening act for groups such as The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and The Carpenters.
He appeared at San Francisco's The Boarding House among other places.
He continued to write, earning an Emmy nomination for his work on Van Dyke and Company in 1976.
In the mid-1970s, he made appearances as a stand-up comedian on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.
That exposure, together with appearances on HBO's On Location and NBC's Saturday Night Live (SNL) led to his first of four comedy albums, Let's Get Small.
His next album, A Wild and Crazy Guy, was a bigger success.
It reached the #2 spot on the sales chart in the United States.
It created a catch phrase (the album's title).
It was based on an SNL skit in which Martin and Dan Aykroyd played a couple of bumbling Czechoslovakian playboys.
The album was a million seller.
Martin's first movie was a short, The Absent-Minded Waiter (1977).
The seven-minute long movie, also featuring Buck Henry and Teri Garr, was written by and starred Martin.
The movie was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Short Film, Live Action.
His first feature movie appearance was in the musical Sgt.
He sang the Beatles' Maxwell's Silver Hammer.
In 1979, Martin wrote and starred in his first full-length movie, The Jerk, directed by Carl Reiner.
The movie was a huge success, grossing over $73 million.
Martin was in three more Reiner-directed comedies after The Jerk: Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid in 1982, The Man with Two Brains in 1983 and All of Me in 1984.
In 1986, Martin joined fellow Saturday Night Live veterans Martin Short and Chevy Chase in ¡Three Amigos!,
directed by John Landis.
In 1986, Martin was in the musical movie version of the hit off-Broadway play Little Shop of Horrors as a sadistic dentist, Orin Scrivello.
In 1987, Martin joined comedian John Candy in the John Hughes movie, Planes, Trains and Automobiles.
That same year, the Cyrano de Bergerac adaptation Roxanne won him a Writers Guild of America award.
In 1988, he did Dirty Rotten Scoundrels with Michael Caine and directed by Frank Oz.
In 2005, Martin wrote and starred in Shopgirl.
Martin played a wealthy businessman who strikes up a romance with a Saks 5th Avenue counter girl (Claire Danes).
He also starred in Cheaper by the Dozen 2 that year.
Martin's latest work was in the 2006 remake of The Pink Panther.
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
Movie directors from Texas
Movie producers from Texas
American screenwriters
Comedians from Los Angeles County, California
Comedians from Texas
Mark Twain Prize recipients
Actors from Orange County, California
Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough,  (; 29 August 1923 – 24 August 2014) was an English movie producer, director and actor.
Attenborough left his home when he was 17 to attend the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London.
He earned his first West End theatre role, then went to national stardom in the play Brighton Rock.
Attenborough later became a producer and director.
He produced and directed the movie Gandhi.
Attenborough said that the movie Gandhi was his dream project and waited years to make it.
Gandhi won 5 British Academy Awards and 8 American Oscars.
In 1983 he won the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award.
In his movie roles, he is mostly known for his roles in The Great Escape and in Jurassic Park.
He was the older brother of naturalist David Attenborough.
After years of poor health, Attenborough died in London of heart failure on 24 August 2014, five days before his 91st birthday.
His movies
Academy Award winning directors
Actors from Cambridgeshire
English movie directors
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014) was an American actor and stand-up comedian.
He first became famous on the television show Mork and Mindy.
He starred in many movies.
On August 11, 2014, Williams was found dead in his home.
His death was believed to have been a suicide by asphyxiation.
Williams was born in Chicago, Illinois on July 21, 1951.
His father Robert Fitzgerald Williams (September 10, 1906 – October 18, 1987) worked for Ford Motor Company.
His mother Laura McLaurin (née Smith, September 24, 1922 – September 4, 2001) was a former model from New Orleans, Louisiana.
His great-great-grandfather  on his mother's side was Mississippi senator and governor Anselm J. McLaurin.
Williams' ancestors were English, Welsh, Irish, Scottish, German, and French.
When he was young, Williams lived in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan and in Marin County, California.
He studied at Redwood High School and at Claremont McKenna College.
He studied to become an actor at the Julliard School in New York City and at the College of Marin.
After his family moved to Marin County, Williams began his career doing stand-up comedy shows in the San Francisco Bay Area in the mid-1970s.
His first performance took place at the Holy City Zoo, a comedy club in San Francisco, where he worked his way up from tending bar to getting on stage.
Williams became famous for his role as Mork in the television series Mork & Mindy (1978–1982).
His idol Jonathan Winters also appeared in the show.
Williams went on to a successful career in both stand-up comedy and movie acting.
He acted in the movies The World According to Garp, Good Morning, Vietnam, Dead Poets Society, Awakenings, The Fisher King, Good Will Hunting, Popeye, Hook, Aladdin, Mrs. Doubtfire, Jumanji, The Birdcage, Night at the Museum, and Happy Feet.
Williams appeared in the music video for "Don't Worry, Be Happy" by Bobby McFerrin.
In 2013, Williams starred as President Dwight D. Eisenhower in Lee Daniels' The Butler.
Before his death, Williams starred in the short-lived comedy The Crazy Ones.
It was cancelled shortly before his death.
Once Williams got angry with Disney for using his voice as the Genie in Aladdin to sell merchandise for the movie.
Disney tried to apologize to Williams.
The Disney company bought a Picasso painting for him.
Williams was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor three times.
He received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Good Will Hunting.
He received two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards and five Grammy Awards.
Williams married Valerie Velardi in 1978.
They divorced in 1988.
In 1989, Williams married Marsha Garces.
She divorced him in 2008.
Williams married Susan Schneider in 2011.
Their marriage lasted until Williams' death in 2014.
Williams had a son with Velardi.
He had a daughter and son with Garces.
His son, Zak Williams, is an actor, businessman, and filmmaker.
His daughter, Zelda Williams, is an actress.
Williams was an alcoholic.
He was also addicted to cocaine.
He had strong depression in the final years of his life.
On March 13, 2009, he had surgery to fix an aortic valve.
One month before his death, Williams went to rehab for his alcoholism.
Williams' widow stated that he had been diagnosed with early stage Parkinson's disease before his death, but the actor was "not yet ready to share publicly" this information.
In November 2014, it was revealed that Williams had Lewy body dementia.
On August 11, 2014 at about 11:45 am, Williams was found at his home by his personal assistant.
About ten minutes later, a 911 call was made saying that Williams was not reacting or breathing.
He was pronounced dead at 12:02 pm, shortly after emergency personnel arrived.
Williams was also found with cuts on his wrist.
Williams was cremated.
His ashes were scattered in the San Francisco Bay.
On December 16, 2014, it was revealed that, as a result of his death, Williams was the fastest growing search term on Google in 2014.
1979: Reality...What a Concept!
1983: Throbbing Python of Love
1986: A Night at the Met
1987: Good Morning Vietnam Soundtrack
1988: Pecos Bill; narrated a children's book, with music by Ry Cooder
2003: Live 2002; recorded from a tour on Broadway, 2002
2010: Weapons of Self Destruction; filmed in Washington D.C. during Williams' national tour
"RWF" The Robin Williams Fansite!
Robin Williams' Stand Up Comedy Acts a small video collection
Robin Williams Interview  (License to Wed)
Robin Williams interview for License to Wed at TheCinemaSource.com
Actors who committed suicide
Comedians from California
Television personalities from California
Writers from California
Writers from Chicago
Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners
Comedians who committed suicide
Suicide in the 2010s
Suicides by asphyxiation
Suicides in California
Bamboo is a name for over 1,400 species of giant grasses in 115 different genera.
All bamboos have wood-like stems.
Bamboo mainly grows in Africa, America and in Asia but can easily grow in Europe.
Bamboo grows in clumps (although running varieties exist).
The runners can be up to 40 metres (130 feet).
David Farrelly, in his book The Book of Bamboo, says that bamboo has been measured to grow  1.21 meters (47.6 inches) in a 24-hour period.
However, most bamboos (used for gardening) will grow more like 3 cm to 5 cm (1-2 inches) a day.
Almost all species of bamboo have hollow stems divided into nodes or joints.
The stem can be up to 30 cm (a foot) in diameter.
Each of the node has one side bud.
Not all of those buds develop into branches, but some do.
This makes bamboo one of the few grasses that have a branch structure.
Bamboo rarely flowers.
Some species only flower once, and then die off.
The distance of two joints in a bamboo is the basis of a traditional Japanese unit of measurement, shaku.
Bamboo is used to make lots of things and is a construction material.
The stems of larger trees are used to build houses, bridges, and other things that have to be constructed such as boat and wickerwork.
It can be used for scaffolding.
Bamboo is an easy construction material and not expensive.
Bamboo is almost the only food of giant pandas.
The shoots can also be used as human food.
Bamboo shoots are usually cooked before being eaten.
Most temperate bamboos can be eaten without cooking if they are not too bitter.
As some may contain cyanogens, cooking is better.
The only Phyllostachys  known to have potentially toxic concentrations of cyanogens is Ph.
heterocycla pubescens.
The Trojan War was one of the most important wars in the history of the late Bronze Age.
It happened between the Trojans and the Greeks.