the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
"I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues" – Elton John
"I'll Tumble 4 Ya" – Culture Club
"I'm Still Standing" – Elton John
"In a Big Country" – Big Country
"In the Neighborhood" – Tom Waits
"I.O.U." – Freeez
"Is There Something I Should Know?" –
"Islands in the Stream" – Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton
"It Don't Matter To Me" – Phil Collins
"It's Raining Men" – The Weather Girls
"Johnny B. Goode" – Peter Tosh
"Jump (For My Love)" – The Pointer Sisters
"Karma Chameleon" – Culture Club
"Keep Feeling (Fascination)" – The Human League
"Kiss The Bride" – Elton John
"Le restaurant italien" – Dalida
"Les p'tits mots" – Dalida
"Let's Dance" – David Bowie
"Let's Stay Together" – Tina Turner
"Little Red Corvette" – Prince
"Long Hot Summer" – The Style Council
"Love Blonde" – Kim Wilde
"Love is a Battlefield" – Pat Benatar
"Love Is A Stranger" – Eurythmics
"Love On Your Side" – Thompson Twins
"Love Town" – Booker Newberry III
"Mama" – Genesis
"Many Rivers To Cross" – UB40
"Marguerita Time" – Status Quo
"Market Square Heroes" – Marillion
"Modern Love" – David Bowie
"Moonlight Shadow" – Mike Oldfield
"Mourir sur scène" – Dalida
"Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye" – Bananarama
"New Frontier" – Donald Fagen
"New Song" – Howard Jones
"New Year's Day" – U2
"Nobody's Diary" – Yazoo
"Oblivious" – Aztec Camera
"One On One" – Hall & Oates
"Only For Love" – Limahl
"Only You" – The Flying Pickets
"Ooh To Be Ah" – Kajagoogoo
"Our Lips Are Sealed" – Fun Boy Three
"Owner of a Lonely Heart" – Yes
"Photograph" – Def Leppard
"Pills and Soap" – The Imposter
"Radio Free Europe" – R.E.M.
"Reckless" – Australian Crawl #1
"Red Red Wine" – UB40
Relax – Frankie Goes to Hollywood
"Right By Your Side" – Eurythmics
"Rio" – Duran Duran
"Rip It Up" – Orange Juice
"Rock And Roll Is King" – Electric Light Orchestra
"Rockit" – Herbie Hancock
"Save a Prayer" – Duran Duran
"Say, Say, Say" – Michael Jackson & Paul McCartney
"Screaming for Vengeance" – Judas Priest
"Send Me An Angel" – Real Life
"Sharp Dressed Man" – ZZ Top
"She Works Hard For The Money" – Donna Summer
"Shiny Shiny" – Haysi Fantazee
"Shipbuilding" – Robert Wyatt
"Sign Of The Times" – The Belle Stars
"Soul Inside" – Soft Cell
"Speak Like A Child" – The Style Council
"Steppin' Out" – Joe Jackson
"Sweet Dreams Are Made of This" – Eurythmics
"Synchronicity 2" – The Police
"Tell Her About It" – Billy Joel
"Talking In Your Sleep" – The Romantics
"Temptation" – Heaven 17
"Tender Is The Night" – Jackson Browne
"That's All" – Genesis
"The Big Apple" – Kajagoogoo
"The Celtic Soul Brothers" – Dexy's Midnight Runners
"The Chinese Way" – Level 42
"The Cutter" – Echo and the Bunnymen
"The First Picture Of You" – The Lotus Eaters
"The Love Cats" – The Cure
"The Safety Dance" – Men Without Hats
"The Shape You're In" – Eric Clapton
"The Story Of The Blues" – Wah!
"The Sun Goes Down(Living It Up)" – Level 42
"The Walk" – The Cure
"They Don't Know" – Tracey Ullman
"This Is The Day" – The The
"Thriller" – Michael Jackson
"Tonight I Celebrate My Love" – Peabo Bryson and Roberta Flack
"Too Shy" – Kajagoogoo
"Total Eclipse of the Heart" – Bonnie Tyler
"True" – Spandau Ballet
"True Love Ways" – Cliff Richard
"Tunnel Of Love" – Fun Boy Three
"Twisting By The Pool" – Dire Straits
"Under Attack" – ABBA
"Undercover of the Night" – The Rolling Stones
"Union Of The Snake" – Duran Duran
"Up Where We Belong" – Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes
"Uptown Girl" – Billy Joel
"Vintage'77(EP)" – The Heartbreakers
"Vision In Blue" – Ultravox
"A Volar"- Menudo
"Walk Out To Winter" – Aztec Camera
"Walkin' The Line" – Brass Construction
"Watching You Watching Me" – David Grant
"We Are Detective" – Thompson Twins
"We've Got Tonight" Kenny Rogers and Sheena Easton
"What Is Love?" –
"What Kinda Boy You're Lookin' For(Girl)" – Hot Chocolate
"Wherever I Lay My Hat(That's My Home)" – Paul Young
"White Lines (Don't Don't Do It)" – Grandmaster and Melle Mel
"Who's That Girl?" –
"Why Can't It Wait 'Til Morning?" –
"Wings of a Dove" – Madness
"Wrapped Around Your Finger" – The Police
The Anubis Gates – Tim Powers
Changes – Danielle Steel
Christine – Stephen King
Cold Heaven – Anita Brian Moore
The Colour of Magic – Terry Pratchett
The Dark Green Tunnel – Allan W. Eckert
Hollywood Wives – Jackie Collins
Icebreaker – John Gardner
Ironweed – William Kennedy
The Last Warrior Queen – Mary Mackey
Life and Times of Michael K – J. M. Coetzee
The Little Drummer Girl – John le Carré
The Lonesome Gods – Louis L'Amour
The Loser – Thomas Bernhard
The Mists of Avalon – Marion Zimmer Bradley
Odyssey: A Daring Transatlantic Journey – Susan Oliver
On Wings of Eagles – Ken Follett
Pet Sematary – Stephen King
Phantoms – Dean R. Koontz
The Piano Teacher – Elfriede Jelinek
Poland – James A. Michener
Resistance and Persecution in Passau from 1933 to 1939 – Anna Rosmus
The Robots of Dawn – Isaac Asimov
Scandal – A. N. Wilson
Shame – Salman Rushdie
A Time for Judas – Morley Callaghan
White Gold Wielder: Book Three of the Second Chronicles of Thomas Covenant – Stephen R. Donaldson
Winter's Tale – Mark Helprin
Worstward Ho – Samuel Beckett
Sally Kristen Ride (May 26, 1951 – July 23, 2012) was an American astronaut and astrophysicist.
She was the first American woman to reach outer space.
Ride was born on May 26, 1951.
She was born in the neighborhood of Encino in Los Angeles, California.
She earned a Ph.D. in physics from Stanford University.
She joined NASA in 1978.
She was an astronaut until 1987.
In order to be an astronaut and go into space, Sally Ride had to train for a year.
Training included adapting to gravity, water survival, radio communications, and navigation.
She went on the Space Shuttle Challenger in June 1983.
This trip was the first time an American woman was in space.
She helped design the robot arm for the space shuttle.
The robot arm lifts heavy objects in space.
Ride was the first person to use the robot arm in space.
The robot arm put a satellite in space that showed how the sun affected weather.
Ride flew to space twice.
She worked on the commissions that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger and Space Shuttle Columbia disasters.
Ride became a professor in 1989.
She was the professor of physics and director of the Oklahoma Space Institute at the University of California.
She was married to astronaut Steven Hawley from 1982 until they divorced in 1987.
At the time of her death, Ride had been in a relationship with writer Tam O'Shaughnessy for 27 years.
On July 23, 2012, Ride died of pancreatic cancer at her home in La Jolla, a neighborhood of San Diego, California.
She was 61.
American physicists
Cancer deaths in San Diego County
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
LGBT people from Los Angeles
Scientists from Los Angeles
1951 births
For the court as the seat of a royal person see royal court.
For the court as a space inside a building, see courtyard.
A court, in law, is a part of the government in which people come together to decide how to apply the country's laws to a specific situation, especially when there is an argument over how to apply the law.
Some disagreements a court may decide are whether a person is guilty of a crime, who is the legal owner of property, or who the children of two divorced parents should live with.
A court is usually in a special building called a courthouse.
Most countries have multiple courts to deal with different issues.
For example, civil courts deal with private disputes between people or organizations, while criminal courts deal with people who have been accused of crimes.
Appellate courts
An appellate court is one that can change a decision made by a lower court.
This is called court hierarchy.
The decision made by a low court can be appealed to a higher one, asking the higher court to change the decision.
Higher courts usually have more experienced judges in charge.
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in that country.
Some countries have a constitutional court.
These courts decide if a law is in agreement with the constitution of the country.
Courts usually set the punishments for breaking the law.
Common punishments include paying fines and spending time in prison.
In some countries, courts have the power to sentence people to death (the death penalty).
Birth (to be born) means when a baby animal comes out of its egg, or out of its mother after pregnancy.
It is sometimes thought of as the beginning of life.
It is also known as calving in livestock or whelping in meat-eating mammals.
Related medical words
Childbirth is the process at the end of a human pregnancy that results in a baby being born.
Natural childbirth is the technique of minimizing medical intervention, particularly anaesthetics, during childbirth.
Multiple birth is the birth of two (twins), three (triplets), four (quadruplets), etc.,
babies resulting from a single pregnancy.
Birth pangs are the pains felt by the mother during labor
Caesarean section or C-section is surgical birth through the wall of the abdomen.
Afterbirth is the birth of the placenta following the birth of the baby.
Birth canal is the term used for the vagina during birth
Birth control is the prevention of pregnancy.
Birth defect is a physical or mental abnormality present at the time of birth.
Complications may cause a miscarriage or spontaneous abortion to occur.
Infertility treatments are devices, medications, or behavior patterns to increase the probability of pregnancy.
Premature birth is the birth of an infant before the full term of pregnancy.
Stillbirth is the birth of a dead fetus or infant.
Changes in pelvis during human pregnancy
In adult females the pelvis is shaped differently from males.
The differences are connected with allowing the baby to pass through the birth canal successfully.
Also, during pregnancy, a hormone called relaxin softens the ligaments in the pelvis area.
This produces a little bit of extra space for the baby's head to get through.
The process is hard to describe in words, but fortunately there is an excellent video which explains what goes on.
Baby Centre expert advice: how pregnancy changes your pelvis.
Legal meanings
Birth certificate is a legal document describing details of a person's birth.
Birthday is a day to celebrate that the person has lived a certain number of years.
In some countries a person is considered of illegitimate birth if the child is born of parents not legally married to one another.
Spiritual meanings
Born again -a term used primarily in Protestantism, is associated with salvation, conversion, and spiritual rebirth.
See Gospel of John chapter 3.
Rebirth is a belief that a person is born again after their death based on the karma of their previous births.
Virgin birth of Jesus is the Christian doctrine that asserts that Jesus Christ was born to a virgin, and thus that his conception was carried out without an earthly father.
Fertilisation
Home birth
Pregnancy and childbirth
Pollution is when harmful substances are added to the environment and then change it in a bad way.
There are five kinds of pollution of the environment: water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution and thermal pollution.
As pollution grows, ways to combat it have been in demand.
Solar energy and wind energy give people clean opportunities to power their homes.
But these may also have environmental issues depending on the situation.
When people  use these alternative forms of energy, they put less carbon dioxide into the environment.
Water pollution is the presence of harmful materials in water, such as sewage, dissolved metal, waste from farms, factories and crude oil spilled from oil tankers.
The three main substances that pollute water are nitrates from fertilizers, sewage and detergents.
Activities such as bathing and washing clothes near lakes, ponds or rivers add nutrients like nitrate and phosphate into the water bodies.
This leads to excessive growth of algae on the surface of water.
It blocks the penetration of sunlight and air, thus reducing oxygen.
It causes harm to organisms living in water and can also harm people's health.
In extreme cases, it may cause diseases like cancer.
It also leads to loss of a large amount of aquatic life.
Epidemic diseases
Water pollution has been a problem from the time human population increased, and live in cities.
Cities have been prone to cholera and typhoid fever and other infectious diseases since Roman times.
Existing water systems put in place in the 19th century are overwhelmed by the rapid growth of population in cities.
Air can be polluted by many things.
Examples include poisonous gases, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and very small particulates.
Smoke and harmful gases released by fires, industries, and thermal power plants cause air pollution.
Using coal and wood as fuels for fire causes a lot of air pollution.
Petroleum produces less pollution per ton, but it causes a lot of pollution since a lot of it is burned globally.
Air pollution may cause health problems such as asthma or other breathing problems.
Air pollution causes global warming and acid rain.
This makes it difficult for some living things to survive.
Noise pollution/Sound pollution
Noise pollution also known as sound pollution is harmful to the brain and hearing of all animals and humans.
This includes the sound of vehicles, loud speakers, airplanes, jets, train horns etc.
Noise pollution can cause ear problems or even permanent deafness, especially to older people.
The schools which are beside the roads suffer from noise pollution.
Students cannot concentrate in their studies.
People in hospitals near main roads also suffer.
Thermal pollution
A common cause of thermal pollution is using water as a coolant by power stations and industrial manufacturers.
This puts back warm water, and so raises the temperature and decreases how much oxygen is in the water.
The heat released into the air will make the air warmer which increase global warming.
Immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself from 'foreign bodies'.
This means rejecting infections, clearing up dust which gets in the lungs, and killing cancer cells.
Immunity is of two types.
Innate immunity protects the host against infection, but has no 'memory', and so gives no long-term immunity.
The second type is adaptive immunity, which does have a kind of 'memory'.
It does give long-term protection against specific pathogens.
All animals, plants and fungi have some innate immunity.
Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity.
(injection of some dead or weakened virus, or bacteria that causes the disease).
By doing so, the body learns how the virus/bacteria harms the body, and will react more quickly to fight the virus/bacteria when it comes in contact with the virus/bacteria again.
When your body has defended itself against the virus/bacteria it will trap the certain virus/bacteria in a "net" so when the virus/bacteria comes back it will be easier to trap those viruses/bacteria as well.
This and other observations of acquired immunity was later exploited by Louis Pasteur in his development of vaccination and his proposed germ theory of disease.
It was not until Robert Koch's 1891 proofs, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905, that microorganisms were confirmed as the cause of infectious disease.
Viruses were confirmed as human pathogens in 1901, with the discovery of the yellow fever virus by Walter Reed.
Roman numerals are a numeral system that was used by ancient Rome.
Numbers in this system use letters from the Latin alphabet.
Currently, it uses seven symbols:
| 500
| 1,000
The Europeans still used Roman numerals even after the fall of the Roman Empire.
From the 14th century, the Europeans replaced Roman numerals with Arabic numerals.
However, people still use Roman numerals to this day.
One place they are sometimes seen is on clock faces (the front of a clock).
For example, on the clock of Big Ben, the hours from 1 to 12 are written as:
The  and  can be read as "one less than 5" (4) and "one less than 10" (9).
On many clocks that use Roman numerals, however, 4 is written as .
Subtraction rule
Instead of writing the same letter four times, a rule for subtraction is used.
The letter is written once, then the next largest Roman numeral is written.
When a lower number (such as ) appears before a higher one (such as ), the lower number is subtracted from the higher one.
For example, 4 is not written as , but instead as , because  is  (5) minus  (1).
The same is done for 9 - it is not written as , but instead as , because  is  (10) minus  (1).
It is very easy to write a number as a Roman numeral.
Simply subtract the largest possible Roman numeral as many times as possible from the number.
This system will result in a valid Roman numeral, but will not take the subtraction rule into account.
In general, the values for 5, 50, and 500 are not subtracted.
Here is the same number using the subtraction rule:
Special values
The number zero does not have its own Roman numeral.
About 725, Bede or one of his colleagues used the letter N, the abbreviation (short form) of nihil (the Latin word for "nothing").
The Romans also used fractions.
The most common base for fractions was 1/12, which in Latin is called uncia (ounce).
Large numbers
A number of numeral systems are developed for large numbers that cannot be shown with , , , , ,  and .
Apostrophus
One of the systems is the apostrophus, in which D is written as IƆ (500) and M is written as CIƆ (1,000).
In this system, an extra Ɔ means 500, and multiple extra Ɔs are used to mean 5,000, 50,000 etc.
{| class="wikitable centered" style="text-align:center"
| style="width:3em;" | IƆ
| style="width:3em;" | CIƆ
| style="width:3em;" | CIƆƆ
| style="width:3em;" | IƆƆ
| style="width:3em;" | CCIƆƆ| style="width:3em;" | CCIƆƆƆ| style="width:3em;" | CCIƆƆƆƆ| style="width:3em;" | IƆƆƆ| style="width:3em;" | CCCIƆƆƆ| style="width:3em;" | CCCIƆƆƆƆ| style="width:3em;" | CCCIƆƆƆƆƆ| style="width:3em;" | CCCIƆƆƆƆƆƆ|-
| 500 || 1,000 || 1,500 || 5,000 || 10,000 || 10,500 || 15,000 || 50,000 || 100,000 || 100,500 || 105,000 || 150,000
Another system is the vinculum, in which V, X, L, C, D and M are multiplied by 1,000 by adding an overline.
In the Baltics and Russia, the days of the week are often written as Roman numerals, with I being Monday.
When writing dates by hand, the month is sometimes written as a Roman numeral, especially for dates written in day-month-year sequence.
For example: 26.XI.2014 or XI'.26.2014 = 26 November 2014.
Some games use Roman numerals to indicate the game position in a franchise.
The most famous examples are Final Fantasy games (Final Fantasy VII, Final Fantasy VIII, Final Fantasy X, etc...).
When movies or books are published, the year of publication or year of copyright may be written as a Roman numeral.
When people write about Monarchs or Popes, Patriarchs, or other leading figures, they are sometimes counted with Roman numbers, e.g. Queen Elizabeth II (of England), Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI, Patriarch Alexius II (of the Russian-Orthodox church)
In France, the centuries are sometimes written with Roman numerals (example : "XXe siècle" meaning "20th century", XVIIIe siècle = "18th century", etc...)''.
In Poland, roman numerals are used to show the month in dates and as a short method of writing ordinals (i.e.  instead of 6th).
Unicode has a code block called Number Forms, which also contains representations of Roman numerals, at the positions U+2160 to U+2188.
Arabic numerals
Roman Numerals (Totally Epic Guide) - Know The Romans
Numerals, Roman
A map is an image of an area, usually of the Earth or part of the Earth.
A map is different from an aerial photograph because it includes interpretation.
Many maps are called "charts" such as star charts and nautical charts.
Before the late 20th century almost all maps were on paper.
Today, many maps are digital, and can be seen on smartphones and computers.
However, paper maps are still used.
The word "map" can also be used to talk about a chart or drawing that shows relationships between ideas, people, events, or anything else you can think about.
This is why web developers call a list of web pages on a web site a site map.
Many maps today are made using GIS computer systems.
These are database systems that are organized by location instead of named records.
If a map is on a piece of paper or a computer screen, it has to be projected.
This is because the Earth is round and paper and screens are flat.
There are a lot of ways that use mathematics to make map projections.
The only kind of map of the Earth that is not projected is one drawn on a sphere.
This is called a globe.
A globe is a scale model with the shape of a sphere.
Globes can be scale models of the Earth (terrestrial globes) or of other planets.
Globes can also be models of the celestial sphere (celestial globes).
The English word "globe" comes from the , meaning round mass or sphere.
Most globes are maps of the Earth.
They have the advantage of avoiding the distortions of flat map projections.
The most common types are political and physical.
Political globes show countries.
Physical globes show landscape like mountains and rivers.
Some globes are star charts and some are maps of distant worlds.
Global as an adjective is used to mean the entire world rather than any special place on the Earth.
It is also used in fields like computers to mean dealing with a whole larger system, rather than its individual little parts.
That the Earth is a sphere was established by Hellenistic astronomy in the 3rd century BC.
The terrestrial globe appeared in that period.
Now, there are no terrestrial globes from Classical Antiquity or the Middle Ages in existence.
The first example of terrestrial globe known was the one the ancient Greek Crates of Mallus made in the middle of the 2nd century BC.
The Greek geographer Strabo wrote about Crates's terrestrial globe during the early years of the Roman Empire.
A celestial globe from Classical Antiquity is in the Naples National Archaeological Museum, Italy.
The globe is part of a sculpture – the globe is held up by a statue of Atlas, a Titan from Greek mythology.
The ancient Romans made the globe and statue in the 2nd century AD.
They may have copied the sculpture from Hellenistic art (art of the ancient Greek type) from the Hellenistic period (the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd centuries BC).
The sculpture's name is the Farnese Atlas.
Early globes of the Earth that show all of the Old World were constructed in the Islamic Golden Age.
One such example was made in the 9th century AD by Muslim geographers and cartographers working under the Abbasid caliph, al-Ma'mun.
Another example was the globe introduced to Beijing by the Persian astronomer, Jamal ad-Din, in 1267.
Martin Behaim designed a globe in 1492, in Nuremberg, Bavaria (Germany).
Georg Glockendon was the artist who created the actual map drawings following Behaim's specifications.
This globe is the oldest terrestrial globe still in existence.
A copy of the globe showing America was made by Martin Waldseemueller in 1507.
Another early globe, the Hunt-Lenox Globe, ca.
1507, is thought to be the source of the phrase "Here be dragons".
Another "remarkably modern-looking" globe of the Earth was made in Constantinople (Istanbul) by Taqi al-Din at his Constantinople Observatory during the 1570s.
Manufacture
Mass-produced globes are typically covered by a printed paper map.
The most common type has long, thin gores (strips) of paper.
These strips narrow to a point at the North Pole and the South Pole.
Then a small disk is used to paper over the irregularities at the poles.
The more gores there are, the less stretching and crumpling is needed to make the paper map fit the sphere.
From a geometric point of view, all points on a sphere are the same.
One could select any point on the planet, and create a paper map that covers the globe with strips that come together at that point and the opposite point.
An globe that is representative of the Earth is usually mounted at a 23.5° angle on bearings.
This mounting represents the axial tilt of the spinning planet, in relation to the Sun.
This makes it easy to visualize how days and seasons change.
Noah (meaning rest or comfort) is a man in the Abrahamic religions.
He was the son of Lamech, and the father of sons, Shem, Ham, Canaan, and Japheth.
Noah and his ark is in the Book of Genesis, which also describes Noah as the 'first man to plant a vineyard' (chapter 9).
Several other parts of the Bible mention him, as does the Quran.
As described in the Book of Genesis, Noah and his family kept believing in God in a time when most people were not, like his son Canaan and his wife Naamah.
Knowing this was true, God told Noah he was going to flood the world, so he could drown out evil.
He told Noah to build a boat called an ark.
Noah was to put himself, his family (except his son and his wife because they refused to come aboard the ark), and two (a male and a female) of every kind of animal on it.
People laughed at Noah, but they were killed by the flood with his son and his wife.
Noah and family stayed on the ark until they reached land.
To find land Noah sent out a dove, which returned with an olive branch.
After the flood, God made a rainbow as a promise to say that he would never destroy the Earth by flood again.
When they were able to walk on dry land, the animals were released and they were able to repopulate the earth.
Old Testament people
March – Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor becomes the last to be crowned in Rome.
Portuguese navigator Diogo de Teive discovers Corvo Island in the Azores.
18 June – Pope Nicholas V issues the bull Dum Diversas, legitimising the colonial slave trade.
October – English troops under John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, land in Guyenne, France, and retake most of the province without a fight.
A major eruption of the South Pacific volcano Kuwae in Vanuatu has a subsequent global cooling effect (the eruption released more sulfate than any other event in the past 700 years).
Battle of Bealach nam Broig, a Scottish clan battle.
Murder of William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas by James II of Scotland at Stirling Castle.
Revolt of Ghent: Forces of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, clash multiple times with rebel militia from Ghent in the region around Ghent.
February 6 – Joana, Crown Princess of Portugal (d. 1490)
March 10 – King Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1516)
April 15 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian artist and inventor (d. 1519)
April 19 – King Frederick IV of Naples (d. 1504)
July 10 – King James III of Scotland (d. 1488)
July 27 – Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1508)
September 21 – Girolamo Savonarola, Italian religious reformer and ruler of Florence (d. 1498)
October 2 – King Richard III of England (d. 1485)
December 10 – Johannes Stöffler, German mathematician (d. 1531)
Svitrigaila, Grand Prince of Lithuania
Michał Bolesław Zygmuntowicz, Prince of Black Ruthenia
May 26 – John Stafford, Archbishop of Canterbury
December 12 – Guillaume Huin d'Estaing, Catholic cardinal
date unknown
Nicholas Close, English bishop
Gemistus Pletho, philosopher
William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas
From "A middle middle school full of bullies, insane teachers and gross school lunches" comes Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, a show on Nickelodeon.
The show stars Devon Werkheiser as Ned Bigby (that everyone hates), a 12-15-year-old student at James K. Polk Middle School.
Every episode is a group of tips to surviving a school based activity.
The show is part of Nick's Sunday lineup.
It first aired on September 12, 2004.
The show is very successful, it has had a promising start.
The show also stars Daniel Curtis Lee and Lindsey Shaw as Simon "Cookie" Cook and Jennifer "Moze/Mose" Mosley/Mozely.
It also comes on Family Channel.
2004 television series debuts
2007 television series endings
VH1 (Video Hits One) is an American television network.
It is a sister station to the groundbreaking MTV.
VH1 shows reality shows and reruns of sitcoms, whereas MTV's focus is on the current hits and also reality shows.
VH1 also shows You're Cut Off!
on Mondays for 3 weeks and Wednesdays for 5 weeks.
It started airing on .
Casting has been renewed for a 2nd season.
VH1 Country
VH1 Divas Live
VH1 Europe
VH1 Save The Music Foundation
VH1 Latin America
VHUno US Latin Channel
American television networks
Companies based in New York City
Music media
A Cabinet is a group of important people in a government, who normally represent the head of government.
It is also known as the Council of Ministers or the Executive Council.
They are part of the executive branch of government.
People in the cabinet are called ministers or secretaries, and they do different things, such as look after the environment.
In most countries with parliamentary systems, the cabinet decides the government's policy.
In other countries, such as the United States, the cabinet has limited power, and is an advisor to the Head of Government.
In some countries, cabinet members are given their jobs by those who are in the government.
Many years ago the cabinets were called Privy Councils.
The cabinet of today came about during the time that George I and George II were Kings of England.
A newspaper is a publication printed on paper and issued regularly, usually once a day or once a week.
It gives information and opinions about current events and news.
Usually people like to read them to stay informed about their local city, state or country.
Newspapers can be delivered to one's home, by subscription.
One also can buy a newspaper at a store or at a newsstand.
Recycling of paper is common.
It may be converted to new paper, for example.
Newspapers usually have many topics.
They usually include political events, crime, business, sports, and weather news.
Newspapers use photographs to illustrate stories; and also often include comicss and other entertainment, such as crosswords and horoscopes.
Many have opinion sections.
These sections print the opinions of people who work for the newspaper.
The opinions, which are usually on stories in the news, are called editorials.
Opinion sections usually also print short letters from people who read the newspaper.
Newspapers from List of Newspapers - Online Newspapers Directory
January 3 – Britain invades the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.
March 2 – United States President Andrew Jackson signs the Force Act, which authorizes him to use troops to enforce federal law in South Carolina.
March 4 – Ayya Vaikundar incarnated from the sea of Thiruchendur as the avatar of Kali Yukam.
June 6 – U.S. President Jackson becomes the first President to ride a train.
May 11 – French-American farmhand Antoine le Blanc murders family of three.
September 29 – The infant Isabella II becomes Queen of Spain, under the regency of her mother, Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.
Her uncle Don Carlos, Conde de Molina challenges her claim, beginning the First Carlist War.
December 14 – The assassination of Kaspar Hauser, who dies three days later on December 17.
Charles Babbage described his analytical engine. (
see also history of computing hardware)
The dawn of biochemistry: discovery of the first enzyme, diastase, by Anselme Payen.
The British Parliament passes the Slavery Abolition Act giving all slaves in the British Empire their freedom.
Heard Island and the McDonald Islands discovered.
Aphelion, the point during its orbit, when the Earth is furthest from the Sun, occurs around this date.
993 - Ulrich of Augsburg is canonized as a saint.
1054 – Chinese astronomers observe a supernova.
1187 - The Crusades: Battle of Hattin - Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.
1534 – Christian III is elected King of Denmark and Norway.
1569 – The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is created.
1610 - Battle of Klushino: Fought between forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia.
1744 - The Treaty of Lancaster, in which the Iroquois cede lands  between the Allegheny Mountains and the Ohio River to British colonies, is signed in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
1754 - French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French captain Louis Coulon de Villiers.
1776 – Officials from 13 British colonies in North America sign their Declaration of Independence; this is later celebrated every year by the US's Independence Day.
1802 - At West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy opens.
1803 - The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
1805 - The Louisiana Territory is created out of part of the land bought by the United States from France in the Louisiana Purchase.
1817 - In Rome, New York, building work on the Erie Canal begins.
1819 - The Arkansas Territory is created.
1826 – US Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson both die on the 50th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
1827 – Slavery is abolished in New York State.
1831 – US President James Monroe dies, as the third man in this position to die on Independence Day.
1837 - Grand Junction Railway, the first long-distance railway, is opened between Birmingham and Liverpool, England.
1838 - Iowa Territory is organized.
1855 - In Brooklyn, New York, the first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems, Leaves of Grass, is published.
1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg ends.
1865 - Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll is first published.
1872 – US President Calvin Coolidge is born.
1879 - Anglo-Zulu War: The Zululand capital of Ulundi is captured by British forces and burned to the ground.
1886 - The people of France offer the Statue of Liberty to the people of the United States.
1886 - The first scheduled Canadian transcontinental train arrives in Fort Moody, British Columbia.
1892 – Samoa experiences two occurrences of July 4, as the International Date Line is shifted to its west, meaning that Samoa has the experience of a 367-day year in 1892.
This change is reversed when Samoa skips December 30, 2011.
1894 – The short-lived Republic of Hawaii is declared by Sanford Dole.
1898 - French passenger steamer La Bourgogne is hit by a British sailing boat in thick fog off Nova Scotia, Eastern Canada, killing 565 out of the 730 people on board, including all but one of the women on the steamer.
1903 - The Philippine-American War officially ends.
1911 - A massive heatwave strikes the Northeastern United States.
1918 - Mehmed VI becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
1934 – Leó Szilárd patents the chain reaction design for the Atomic Bomb.
1934 – Marie Curie dies.
1939 - Having been diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lou Gehrig announces his retirement from baseball.
1941 - Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in Lviv, present-day Ukraine.
1943 - World War II: Battle of Kursk begins.
1945 - Austria is divided into four occupation zones by the Allies.
1946 – The Philippines attain full independence from the United States.
1950 – Radio Free Europe is first broadcast.
1953 - Imre Nagy is elected Prime Minister of Hungary.
1954 - One of the most notorious cases in US criminal history occurs when Marilyn Sheppard is murdered in the home she shared at Lake Erie with her husband Sam Sheppard.
1954 – West Germany wins the 1954 FIFA World Cup.
A lot of controversy surrounds the 3-2 win over the Hungary national football team, which becomes known in Germany as the "Miracle of Bern".
1954 – Following World War II, the United Kingdom ends food rationing.
1959 – In the United States, the 49-star flag is introduced.
1960 – In the United States, the 50-star flag is introduced.
1973 - Caribbean Community is founded.
1976 – Israeli commandos raid Entebbe Airport in Uganda, rescuing all but four of the passengers and crew of an Air France jetliner that was seized by Palestinian terrorists.
1982 - Four Iranian diplomats are abducted by Lebanese militia in London.
1987 – Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie is convicted of crimes against humanity in France.
1997 - NASA's Pathfinder probe lands on Mars.
1998 - Japan launches the Nazomi probe to Mars.
2001 - A Tupolev Tu-54 of the Vladivostok Avia airline crashes on landing at Irkutsk, Siberia, killing all 145 people on board.
2004 – The cornerstone of the Freedom Tower is laid on the site of the World Trade Center in New York City.
2004 – UEFA Euro 2004: The Greece national football team, as a rank outsider, wins the European Championships, defeating the host nation, the Portugal national football team, 1-0 in the final.
It is also the first final to be a repeat of the first game of the tournament.
2005 – The Deep Impact collider hits the comet Tempel 1.
2007 - Sochi, on the Russian Black Sea coast, wins the right to host the 2014 Winter Olympics.
2009 – The crown of the Statue of Liberty is reopened after almost 8 years.
2011 - Otto von Habsburg, the last heir to the Austrian throne, dies in Bavaria aged 98.
2012 - The discovery of particles consistent with those of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider is announced at CERN.
2015 - The Chile national football team wins the 2015 Copa America.
The host nation defeats the Argentina national football team on penalties.
2017 - Russia and the People's Republic of China urge North Korea to halt its missile and nuclear programs after it successfully tests its first intercontinental ballistic missile.
1330 - Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shogun (d. 1367)
1477 - Johannes Aventinus, German historian (d. 1534)
1546 – Murad III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1595)
1694 - Louis-Claude Daquin, French organist and composer (d. 1772)
1715 - Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet and academic (d. 1769)
1719 - Michel-Jean Sedaine, French playwright (d. 1797)
1753 - Jean-Pierre Blanchard, French inventor and balloonist (d. 1809)
1768 - Adam Karl August von Eschenmeier, German philosopher and physicist (d. 1852)
1776 - Ethan Allen Brown, American politician, 7th Governor of Ohio (d. 1852)
1790 – George Everest, Welsh surveyor (d. 1866)
1795 - Karl Eichwald, Russian scientist (d. 1876)
1799 – King Oscar I of Sweden (d. 1859)
1804 – Nathaniel Hawthorne, American writer (d. 1864)
1807 – Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian patriot (d. 1882)
1826 – Stephen Foster, American songwriter (d. 1864)
1845 - Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist and humanitarian (d. 1905)
1847 - James Anthony Bailey, American circus ringmaster (d. 1906)
1862 - Walter L. Fisher, American politician (d. 1935)
1867 – Stephen Mather, American entrepreneur and conservationist (d. 1930)
1868 - Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer (d. 1921)
1868 - Johannes van Dijk, Dutch rower (d. 1938)
1872 – Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States (d. 1933)
1874 - John McPhee, Australian politician, 27th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1952)
1881 – Ulysses S. Grant III, American soldier (d. 1968)
1882 - Louis B. Mayer, Belarus-born American movie producer (d. 1957)
1883 – Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d. 1970)
1888 - Henry Armetta, Italian-American actor and singer (d. 1945)
1895 - Irving Caesar, American songwriter and composer (d. 1996)
1896 - Mao Dun, Chinese journalist, author and critic (d. 1981)
1897 - Alluri Sita Rama Raju, Indian activist (d. 1924)
1898 – Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician (d. 1998)
1898 – Gertrude Lawrence, English-born actress (d. 1952)
1898 - Gertrude Weaver, American supercentenarian (d. 2015)
1902 - Meyer Lansky, American Mafia boss (d. 1983)
1903 - Corrado Bafile, Italian cardinal (d. 2005)
1903 - Flor Peeters, Belgian organist, composer and educator (d. 1986)
1905 - Irving Johnson, American sailor and author (d. 1991)
1908 - Aurelio Peccei, Italian industrialist and co-founder of the Club of Rome (d. 1984)
1910 - Robert K. Merton, American sailor (d. 2003)
1910 – Gloria Stuart, American actress (d. 2010)
1911 – Mitch Miller, American entertainer and musician (d. 2010)
1911 - Franco Ferrara, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1985)
1911 - Said Akl, Lebanese poet, writer and playwright (d. 2014)
1916 – Iva Toguri D'Aquino, World War II figure, alleged Tokyo Rose (d. 2006)
1917 – Manolete, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1947)
1918 – Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (d. 2006)
1918 – Pauline Phillips, American columnist (d. 2013)
1918 – Eppie Lederer, American writer and columnist (d. 2002)
1918 - Johnnie Parsons, American racing driver (d. 1984)
1920 - Norm Drucker, American basketball referee (d. 2015)
1921 – Gérard Debreu, French economist (d. 2004)
1921 - Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist and conductor (d. 2003)
1923 - Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss politician (d. 2013)
1924 - Björn Beinteinsson, Icelandic Neopagan religious leader
1924 – Eva Marie Saint, American actress
1925 - Ciril Zlobec, Slovenian poet, writer and politician (d. 2018)
1926 – Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentine-born footballer (d. 2014)
1927 – Neil Simon, American playwright (d. 2018)
1927 - Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress
1928 – Giampiero Boniperti, Italian footballer
1930 - Frunzik Mkrtchyan, Soviet-Armenian actor (d. 1993)
1930 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (d. 2010)
1931 - Stephen Boyd, Northern Irish-American actor (d. 1977)
1935 - Paul Scoon, 2nd Governor-General of Grenada (d. 2013)
1937 – Sonja Haraldsen, Queen of Norway
1937 – Thomas Nagel, American philosopher
1938 - Bill Withers, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2020)
1940 - Dave Rowberry, English pianist and songwriter (d. 2003)
1941 - Sam Farr, American politician
1941 - Sergio Oliva, Cuban-American bodybuilder (d. 2012)
1941 - Tomaz Salamun, Slovenian poet (d. 2014)
1942 - Stefan Meller, Polish politician (d. 2008)
1942 - Hal Lanier, American baseball player, coach and manager
1942 - Prince Michael of Kent, British nobleman
1943 – Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson, American musician (d. 1970)
1943 – Heide Simonis, German politician
1943 – Adam Hart-Davis, British historian
1945 - Andre Spitzer, Romanian-Israeli fencer and coach (d. 1972)
1946 - Ron Kovic, American activist
1948 - Jeremy Spencer, English guitarist (Fleetwood Mac)
1949 – Horst Seehofer, German politician, Interior Minister and former Minister-President of Bavaria
1951 - Vincent Marzello, American voice actor (d. 2020)
1951 – Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, 6th Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
1952 – Alvaro Uribe, former President of Colombia
1953 - Francis Maude, English politician
1954 - Morganna, American model and dancer
1954 - Jim Beattie, American baseball player and coach
1957 - Jenny Seagrove, English actress
1957 – Princess Chulabhorn of Thailand
1959 - Victoria Abril, Spanish singer and actress
1959 – Eirikur Hauksson, Icelandic singer
1960 – Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian racing driver (d. 1994)
1960 - Mark Steel, English comedian, columnist and author
1961 - Valentin Ivanov, Russian football referee
1962 - Neil Morrissey, English actor
1962 – Pam Shriver, American tennis player
1963 – Ute Lemper, German singer
1963 - Henri Leconte, French tennis player
1963 - William Ramallo, Bolivian footballer and coach
1963 - Michael Sweet, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
1964 - Cle Kooiman, American soccer player and manager
1964 - Edi Rama, Prime Minister of Albania
1965 - Harvey Grant, American basketball player and coach
1965 – Giancarlo Marocchi, Italian footballer
1965 – Jo Whiley, English radio presenter
1966 - Anton Nossik, Israeli-Russian journalist and social media activist (d. 2017)
1968 - Ronni Ancona, Scottish actress
1970 - Doddie Weir, Scottish rugby player
1970 – Tony Vidmar, Australian footballer
1971 – Koko, famous sign language Gorilla (d. 2018)
1973 – Tony Popovic, Australian footballer
1976 - Daijiro Kato, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2003)
1976 - Yevgeniya Medvedeva, Russian skier
1977 - Orri Pall Dyrason, Icelandic drummer (Sigur Ros)
1978 – Emile Mpenza, Belgian footballer
1978 – Becki Newton, American actress
1982 - Hannah Harper, English pornographic actress
1983 - Miguel Pinto, Chilean footballer
1984 - Jin Akanishi, Japanese singer-songwriter and actor
1985 - Wason Renteria, Colombian footballer
1986 – Takahisa Masuda, Japanese singer
1986 - Fanny Valette, French actress
1987 - Wude Ayalew, Ethiopian long-distance runner
1988 - Angelique Boyer, French-Mexican actress, model and singer
1989 - Yoon Doo-joon, South Korean singer, dancer and actor
1990 - Naoki Yamada, Japanese footballer
1992 - Basim, Danish singer-songwriter
1998 – Malia Obama, daughter of US President Barack Obama
1999 - Moa Kikuchi, Japanese singer and model
673 - Ecgberht of Kent
907 - Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria
965 - Pope Benedict V
1541 - Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish explorer (b. 1495)
1546 - Hayreddin Barbarossa, Greek-Turkish admiral (b. 1478)
1641 - Pedro Teixeira, Portuguese explorer
1742 - Luigi Guido Grandi, Italian monk, mathematician and engineer (b. 1671)
1780 - Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (b. 1712)
1787 - Charles, Prince of Soubise (b. 1715)
1808 - Fisher Ames, American politician (b. 1758)
1826 – John Adams, 2nd President of the United States (b. 1735)
1826 – Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States (b. 1743)
1831 – James Monroe, 5th President of the United States (b. 1758)
1848 – Francois-René de Chateaubriand, French writer (b. 1768)
1857 - William L. Marcy, 21st United States Secretary of State (b. 1786)
1881 – Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish statesman (b. 1806)
1882 - Joseph Brackett, American composer (b. 1797)
1888 – Theodor Storm, German writer (b. 1817)
1891 – Hannibal Hamlin, Vice President of the United States and Governor of Maine (b. 1809)
1901 - Johannes Schmidt, American composer (b. 1843)
1902 - Swami Vivekananda, Indian spiritual leader (b. 1863)
1910 – Melvin Weston Fuller, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1833)
1910 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (b. 1835)
1916 - Alan Seeger, American poet (b. 1888)
1921 – Antoni Grabowski, early proponent of Esperanto (b. 1857)
1922 - Lothar von Richthofen, German pilot (b. 1894)
1925 - George W. Atkinson, American politician, 10th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1865)
1926 - Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian activist and saint (b. 1901)
1931 - Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta, Italian nobleman (b. 1869)
1934 – Marie Curie, Polish-French chemist and physicist (b. 1867)
1934 - Hayim Nahman Bialik, Ukrainian-Israeli writer and poet (b. 1873)
1938 – Otto Bauer, Austrian politician (b. 1881)
1938 – Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (b. 1899)
1941 - Antoni Lomnicki, Polish mathematician (b. 1881)
1943 - Wladyslaw Sikorski, Polish military leader (b. 1881)
1963 - Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg, 7th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1889)
1963 - Pingali Venkayya, Indian activist (b. 1876)
1964 - Gaby Morlay, French actress and singer (b. 1893)
1969 - Henri Decoin, French director and screenwriter (b. 1890)
1975 – Georgette Heyer, British writer (b. 1902)
1976 – Yonatan Netanyahu, Israeli soldier (in raid on Entebbe Airport) (b. 1946)
1976 - Antoni Slonimski, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1895)
1986 - Flor Peeters, Belgian organist, composer and educator (b. 1903)
1991 - Victor Chang, Chinese-Australian surgeon (b. 1936)
1991 - Art Sansom, American cartoonist (b. 1920)
1992 - Astor Piazzolla, Argentine bandoneon player and composer (b. 1921)
1995 – Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress (b. 1919)
1995 - Bob Ross, American painter (b. 1942)
2003 – Barry White, American singer (b. 1944)
2004 - Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss violinist and conductor (b. 1921)
2008 – Jesse Helms, American politician (b. 1921)
2008 - Thomas M. Disch, American writer (b. 1940)
2009 – Allen Klein, American record label executive (b. 1931)
2010 – Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah, Lebanese spiritual leader (b. 1935)
2011 – Otto von Habsburg, Austrian nobleman, aristocrat and politician (b. 1912)
2012 - Eric Sykes, English actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1923)
2013 - Bernie Nolan, Irish singer and actress (b. 1960)
2014 - Giorgio Faletti, Italian writer, actor and comedian (b. 1950)
2014 - Alan Alan, English escapologist and magician (b. 1926)
2014 - C. J. Henderson, American author (b. 1939)
2014 - Archibald Wilson, Australian fighter pilot (b. 1921)
2015 - Nedelcho Beronov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1928)
2015 - Scot Breithaupt, American motorcycle racer (b. 1957)
2015 - Carlo de Gavardo, Chilean rally driver and motorcycle racer (b. 1969)
2015 - Alan Walton, British biochemist (b. 1936)
2016 - Romesh Chandra, Indian activist and journalist (b. 1919)
2016 - William Hawkins, Canadian songwriter and poet (b. 1940)
2016 - Abbas Kiarostami, Iranian filmmaker (b. 1940)
2016 - Abner J. Mikva, American politician and judge (b. 1926)
2017 - Bryan Avery, English architect (b. 1944)
2017 - Gene Conley, American baseball and basketball player (b. 1930)
2017 - Daniil Granin, Russian writer (b. 1919)
2017 - Carol Lee Scott, English actress and singer (b. 1942)
2017 - David Yewdall, American sound editor (b. 1950)
2018 - Carmen Campagne, Canadian singer (b. 1959)
2018 - Georges-Emmanuel Clancier, French poet, journalist and novelist (b. 1914)