the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Sugba or Barbecue is either Isda(fish), Baboy (pork), Manok (chicken) or Baka (beef) is found in any joints in Mandaue eaten with the Puso a diamond shaped hangged rice covered in coco leaves.
The Buwad or dried seafood is very smelly but it is crunchy and chewy.
There are some exotic meals you can find like the Dinugoan or pig's blood is a eaten like the soup.
Barbecued  Chicken feet are liked by many locals.
+ Original cuisine in Mandaue includes the Bibingka which is steamed rice cakes mixed with coconut and sometimes egg.
Binangos a type of salted fish only found in Mandaue.
Angelicum Gareden of Angels
Cebu Memorial Park
Cempark
Manpark
Mandaue Municipal Cemetery
St Joseph's Cemetery
Grosmar Memorial Park
856 G Gallery
Luis Cabrera Ancestral House and Museum
Mandaue City Public Library
Pahara Park
Mandaue Ecopark
Monkey Caves
Cansaga Bay
Butuanon River
Casili Hills
Jagobiao Spring
Cabancalan-Banilad Sinkholes
Mandaue City Sports and Cultural Complex
Cebu International Convention Centre.
Bacau, Romania
Bacolod, Philippines
Baguio, Philippines
Butuan, Philippines
Zibo City, Shandong, China
Marikina, Philippines
The Official Website of the City of Mandaue
Candida is a genus or grouping of yeasts.
Yeasts are a type of fungus.
This group of fungi are the most common cause of fungus infections in the world.
Most people have or are exposed to this group of fungus but are not sick.
If a person is weak because of another illness, this fungus can cause disease.
Candida albicans is the most common kind of Candida.
Infection with this fungus is called candidiasis or thrush.
Other species in this group can be found in the human gut.
Medicines called antibiotics do not cure yeast infections.
In fact, an antibiotic can make a Candida infection worse.
Women can get a Candida infection in their vagina.
Men can also get a Candida infection in their genital area.
If a person takes antibiotics for a long time, they have a greater chance of having a Candida infection.
People with diabetes or HIV are more likely to get a yeast infection.
Role as a pathogen
This fungus is can be grown in a lab.
Candida looks like large, round, white or cream circles that smell like bread.
Candida can be found on almost all healthy skin.
Dry skin has less fungus.
Small numbers of this fungus are found in other areas of the body.
These are the nose, throat and lungs; the digestive system and the vagina.
When this fungus causes disease in the mouth it is called thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis).
When this fungus causes disease in the female reproductive organs it is called vaginal candidiasis or just 'yeast infection'.
Thrush is common in people who wear dentures.
In people without other illness, a candida infection can be cured with skin ointment or medicine that can be swallowed.
Skin medications can be bought over-the-counter without a doctor's prescription.
In people who are already sick, candidiasis can become a very serious illness.
It can cause abscess, thrombophlebitis, heart infection (endocarditis.
It can cause infections of the eyes or other organs.
Candida infection can get into the body through cuts in the skin.
Other medically important Candida species are C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. dubliniensis.
C. albicans
C. ascalaphidarum
C. amphixiae
C. antarctica
C. argentea
C. atmosphaerica
C. auris
C. blattae
C. bracarensis
C. bromeliacearum
C. carpophila
C. carvajalis
C. cerambycidarum
C. chauliodes
C. corydali
C. dosseyi
C. dubliniensis
C. ergatensis
C. fructus
C. glabrata
C. fermentati
C. guilliermondii
C. haemulonii
C. humilis
C. insectamens
C. insectorum
C. intermedia
C. jeffresii
C. kefyr
C. keroseneae
C. krusei
C. lusitaniae
C. lyxosophila
C. maltosa
C. marina
C. membranifaciens
C. mogii
C. oleophila
C. oregonensis
C. parapsilosis
C. quercitrusa
C. rhizophoriensis
C. rugosa
C. sake
C. sharkiensis
C. shehatea
C. temnochilae
C. tenuis
C. theae
C. tolerans
C. tropicalis
C. tsuchiyae
C. sinolaborantium
C. sojae
C. subhashii
C. viswanathii
C. utilis
C. ubatubensis
C. zemplinina
Bonnie Prince Charlie was the Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
This claim was as the eldest son of James Francis Edward Stuart, and grandson of James II and VII.
Charles is perhaps best known as the leading the unsuccessful Jacobite uprising of 1745.
He led a rebellion which ended in a heavy defeat at the Battle of Culloden.
That ended the Jacobite cause.
Charles's escape from Scotland after the uprising made him a romantic figure of heroic failure.
The Skye Boat Song remembers him.
Henry Benedict Maria Clement Thomas Francis Xavier Stuart (11 March 1725 - 13 July 1807) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, as well as the fourth and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Unlike his father, James Francis Edward Stuart, and brother, Charles Edward Stuart, Henry made no effort to seize the throne.
After Charles's death in January 1788 the Pope did not recognise Henry as the lawful ruler of England, Scotland and Ireland, but referred to him as the Cardinal Duke of York.
He spent his life in the Papal States and had a long career in the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church, rising to become the Dean of the College of Cardinals and Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Velletri.
At the time of his death he was (and still is) one of the longest serving Cardinals in the Church's history.
When he was young, Henry's father made him Duke of York (in the Jacobite peerage), and that was how he was best known.
Upon the death of his brother in 1788 Henry became known by Jacobites, and within his personal entourage, as Henry IX of England, although publicly he referred to himself as Cardinal-Duke of York nuncupatus.
Henry was born in exile at Rome on 6 March 1725 and baptized on the same day by Pope Benedict XIII, 37 years after his grandfather James II and VII lost the throne, and ten years after his father's failed attempt to regain it.
His father was James Francis Edward Stuart, known to his opponents as "the Old Pretender".
His mother was the Princess Maria Klementyna Sobieska,  granddaughter of the Polish King, John III Sobieski.
Henry went to France in 1745 to help his brother, Prince Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie", or "the Young Pretender") prepare the Jacobite campaign of that year.
On 30 June 1747 Pope Benedict XIV conferred him with tonsure and created him Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Portico in special consistory held on the 3 July 1747.
On 27 August 1747 he was promoted to the four minor orders by the Pope.
He received the subdiaconate on 18 August 1748 and diaconate on 25 August 1748.
He was ordained priest on 1 September 1748 and consecrated titular Archbishop of Corinth on 2 October 1758.
He was made Cardinal Priest in 1748, and Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati on 13 July 1761.
When he became the senior cardinal Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals on 26 September 1803, he transferred to the See of Ostia and Velletri.
French Revolution and later life
At the time of the French Revolution, he lost the land and income he was given by the French king, and spent a lot of his money helping Pope Pius VI.
This, in addition to the seizure of his Frascati property by the French, caused him to descend into poverty.
The British Minister in Venice arranged for Henry to receive an annuity of £4,000 from King George III of Great Britain.
Although the British government said this as an act of charity, Henry and the Jacobites called it to be a first installment on the money which was legally owed to him. (
For many years the British government had promised to return the English dowry of his grandmother, Mary of Modena, but had never did.)
Henry returned to Frascati in 1803.
In September of that year he became the Dean of the College of Cardinals and hence Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Velletri, though he still lived in the episcopal palace at Frascati.
He died there on 13 July 1807, aged 82.
Under his will, which he signed as "Henry R", he was succeeded in all his claimed British rights by his friend and nearest blood-relative, Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia.
But Charles never claimed or denied his Jacobite claims, nor have any of his successors to this day.
Contrary to popular belief, he did not leave the Crown Jewels to the Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV of the United Kingdom.
All his property was entrusted to Monsignor Angelo Cesarini, for distribution.
These included a "Lesser George" insignia (thought to have been worn by Charles I at his execution, and now at Windsor Castle) and a St Andrew's Cross (now at Edinburgh Castle), which is an insignia of the order of the Thistle, and also a ruby ring.
Henry Benedict, his brother, his father and his mother are buried in the crypt of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.
There is a monument to the Royal Stuarts designed by Antonio Canova in the basilica to their memory on one of the columns in the basilica proper.
It was recently restored, paid for by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother.
Angeli, Diego (1931) Storia romana di trent'anni, 1770-1800, Milano : Treves, 276 p.
Gorani, Giuseppe, Count (1793) Mémoires secrets et critiques des cours, des gouvernemens, et des mœurs des principaux états de l'Italie, v. 2, Paris
Piozzi, Hester Lynch (1951) Thraliana : the diary of Mrs. Hester Lynch Thrale (later Mrs. Piozzi), 1776-1809, (Katharine C.Balderston; ed.),
v. 2: 1784-1809, 2nd ed.,
Oxford : Clarendon Press in co-operation with the Huntingdon Library, 611-1191p.
Bindelli Pietro ed.
1982 "Enrico Stuart Cardinale duca di York" Frascati, Associazione tuscolana Amici di Frascati - Stampa Poligrafica Laziale.
Schofield, N. (ed.) (
2002) A Roman miscellany : the English in Rome, 1550-2000, Leominster : Gracewing,
MacLeod, John (1999) Dynasty, the Stuarts, 1560–1807, London : Hodder and Stoughton, .
Marshall, Rosalind K. (2006) '‘Henry Benedict (1725–1807)’', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press,  [accessed 30 November 2008]
Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart Catholic Encyclopedia article
Catholic Hierarchy
Henry 9
Cam Plante (born March 12, 1964 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman.
He was drafted in the seventh round, 128th overall, by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft.
He played two games in the National Hockey League with the Maple Leafs in the 1984–85 season.
Plante holds the Western Hockey League record for points in a season by a defenceman.
He scored 140 points as a member of the Brandon Wheat Kings in the 1983–84 WHL season.
He finished his playing career with the Wichita Thunder of the CHL, having returned to North America following four seasons on the United Kingdom.
Most of that time was spent with the Peterborough Pirates, but also encompassed short spells with the Chelmsford Chieftains and Humberside Hawks.
He is the father of current Florida Panthers prospect Tyler Plante and current Edmonton Oilers prospect Alex Plante.
Tyler was drafted by the Florida Panthers in the second round, 32nd overall, in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.
Tyler gained NHL attention playing for the Brandon Wheat Kings of the Western Hockey League and earning the Jim Piggott Memorial Trophy as the top rookie of the WHL in the 2004–05 season.
After three full seasons with the Wheat Kings Plante was signed by the Panthers to a three-year entry level contract on June 1, 2007.
Since then, he has spent most of his playing time with the Florida Panthers AHL affiliate, the Rochester Americans.
He was recalled up to Florida for a pre-season game at the start of the 2008–09 NHL season, but did not get any playing time and started the season in Rochester.
After a lackluster start with the Americans, he was demoted to the ECHL, and spent time with the Dayton Bombers.
After spending over two months with the Bombers, he was called back up to Rochester, where he currently plays.
Plante was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and raised in Brandon, Manitoba.
Plante was born in while his father Cam was a member of the Milwaukee Admirals.
His brother Alex Plante was a first round draft pick of the Edmonton Oilers.
Sportspeople from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Sargon may refer to different rulers.
The name Sargon is what texts in the Bible use, the people were not known as Sargon in their native language:
Sargon of Akkad, also known as Sargon the Great, Mesopotamian king
Šarru-kên I, Assyrian king; the Bible refers to him as Sargon I
Sargon II, Assyrian king
Urbi et Orbi ("to the City of Rome and to the World") was a standard opening of  proclamations in Imperial Rome.
Now Urbi et Orbi refers to a papal address and Apostolic Blessing that is addressed  to the City of Rome and to the entire world from the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican.
Usually they are only given at Christmas and Easter, but also the first speech of a new pope is Urbi et Orbi, and sometimes one is given to special gatherings of pilgrims in Rome and during Holy Years
The blessing after the speech is given in Latin, and usually many other languages too.
Catholics who listen to the blessing, either because they are present at the Vatican or because they are listening to the radio or television broadcasts, have their sins forgiven because the blessing includes a plenary indulgence.
Šarru-kên I, also known as Sargon I was the 35th king of Assyria.
He reigned from 1920 BC to 1881 BC (Middle chronology), or 1856 to 1817 BC (short chronology).
He bears the name Sargon with reference to Sargon of Akkad.
Quercus basaseachicensis is a kind of oak tree in the Fagaceae family.
It is believed to be a cross of
Quercus rugosa and Quercus depressipes.
It is native to Chihuahua and Durango in Mexico, where there are five known small populations; one in Durango and four in Chihuahua.
William Edward Ranford (born December 14, 1966 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender and is the current goaltending coach for the Los Angeles Kings.
He graduated from New Westminster Secondary School in 1985.
He was selected in the third round of the 1985 NHL Entry Draft, 52nd overall, by the Boston Bruins.
Over the course of fifteen NHL seasons, Ranford would play with Boston, the Edmonton Oilers, Washington Capitals, Tampa Bay Lightning, and Detroit Red Wings, winning two Stanley Cups, a Canada Cup, and the 1994 Hockey World Championships while playing for Canada.
As a child, Ranford took figure skating lessons, before eventually decided to go into goaltending.
Because his father was in the armed forces, Ranford lived in Germany for a few years, as well as various places in Canada.
He played for local teams in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island and Red Deer, Alberta.
To start the next year, Boston assigned him to the Moncton Golden Flames of the AHL, where he went 3–0 to start the season, and wound up spending the rest of the year with Boston.
The replacement of Bruins coach Butch Goring with Terry O'Reilly led to Ranford falling out of favour, and eventually being dealt on March 8, 1988 from the Boston Bruins with Geoff Courtnall to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for Andy Moog.
Ranford won his first Stanley Cup in 1988, as the backup to Grant Fuhr.
However, in 1990 despite constant comparisons to the injured Fuhr, Ranford emerged as a first-rate goaltender, leading the Oilers to the Stanley Cup and winning the Conn Smythe Trophy (playoff MVP) in the process.
It was the last cup that the Edmonton Oilers dynasty would win.
Ranford went on to play the next six seasons in Edmonton, before being dealt back to the Boston Bruins on January 11, 1996 for Mariusz Czerkawski, Sean Brown, and a 1st Round Pick in the 1996 Entry Draft (Matthieu Descoteaux).
After less than two seasons with Boston, Ranford was dealt to the Washington Capitals on March 1, 1997 with Adam Oates and Rick Tocchet for Jason Allison, Anson Carter, Jim Carey, a conditional draft pick in the 1998 Entry Draft, and a 3rd Round Pick in the 1997 Entry Draft (Lee Goren).
In 1998 the Washington Capitals advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals, it was Ranfords third trip to the finals.
On June 18, 1998, he was dealt to the Tampa Bay Lightning for a 2nd Round Pick in the 1999 Entry Draft and a 3rd Round Pick in the 1998 Entry Draft (Todd Hornung).
He began the season with the Tampa Bay Lightning, but was traded to the Detroit Red Wings on March 23, 1999 for a conditional draft pick.
It was the second deal between the Tampa Bay Lightning and the Detroit Red Wings that day.
The prior trade brought Wendel Clark and a draft pick to the Detroit Red Wings and Goaltender Kevin Hodson and a draft pick to the Tampa Bay Lightning.
The Wendel Clark trade made the Bill Ranford deal happen.
Ranford acted in the movie Miracle, performing the on-ice scenes as the goaltender for Team USA, Jim Craig, while Eddie Cahill performed the off-ice scenes.
Ranford also played net for the Edmonton Oilers alumni team at the Heritage Classic, the first outdoor regular season game in NHL history.
Ranford (14 saves) and Grant Fuhr (11 saves) took turns in goal and held the Montreal Canadiens alumni team scoreless in a 2–0 victory.
1986 - WHL 2nd All-Star Team
1988, 1990 - Stanley Cup
1990 - Conn Smythe Trophy MVP
1991 - NHL All-Star Game
1991 - Canada Cup (Team Canada)
1991 - Canada Cup MVP
1994 - Ice Hockey World Championship (Team Canada, previously Canada won 1961)
1994 - Hockey World Championship tournament MVP
1996 - World Cup of Hockey (Team Canada)
June 15, 1985 - Ranford drafted by Boston
March 8, 1988 - Ranford traded from Boston to Edmonton, along with Geoff Courtnall in exchange for Andy Moog
January 11, 1996 - Ranford traded from Edmonton to Boston in exchange for Sean Brown, Mariusz Czerkawski and a 1st round draft pick (Matthieu Descoteaux)
March 1, 1997 - Ranford traded from Boston to Washington, along with Adam Oates and Rick Tocchet in exchange for Jason Allison, Anson Carter, and Jim Carey
June 18, 1998 - Ranford traded from Washington to Tampa Bay in exchange for a 2nd and 3rd round draft pick (Todd Hornung)
March 23, 1999 - Ranford traded from Tampa Bay to Detroit in exchange for a conditional draft pick.
August 4, 1999 - Ranford signs with Edmonton.
Oilers Ranford Bio
Ranford at IMDB
Sargon II (, "legitimate king", reigned 722 – 705 BC) was an Assyrian king.
Sargon II became co-regent with Shalmaneser V in 722 BC.
Shalmaneser V died in 722 BC.
From then on, Sargon II was the only ruler of Assyria.
It is not clear if he was the son of Tiglath-Pileser III or a usurper unrelated to the royal family.
In his inscriptions, he styles himself as a new man and rarely talks about his predecessors.
He nevertheless took the name Sharru-kinu ("true king"), after Sargon of Akkad — who had founded the first Semitic Empire in the region about 16 centuries earlier.
Sargon is the Biblical form of the name.
8th century BC births
705 BC deaths
Biłgoraj is a town in south-eastern Poland.
Since 1999, it has been a part of the Lublin Voivodeship; it was previously a part of the Zamość Voivodeship (1975–1998).
It is located 90 km south of Lublin and it is also the capital of Biłgoraj County.
Bryce Chad Salvador (born February 11, 1976 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman that played for the New Jersey Devils of the NHL.
He also played for the St. Louis Blues.
Salvador was drafted in the sixth round, 138th overall by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft.
Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides make up the largest island in Scotland.
This is the largest single island of the British Isles after Great Britain and Ireland.
The northern part of the island is called Lewis, the southern is Harris and both are frequently referred to as if they were separate islands.
The boundary between Lewis and Harris is formed by a line with Loch Resort on the west and Loch Seaforth on the east.
The main town is Stornoway in Lewis.
The island does not have a common name in either English or Scottish Gaelic and is referred to as 'Lewis and Harris'.
Until 1975, Lewis belonged to the county of Ross and Cromarty and Harris to Inverness-shire.
The entire island group now belongs to the Western Isles Council.
The station wagon, or estate, is a variant of sedan.
The difference between station wagons and regular sedans is that the station wagon has no trunk, plus the roofs are extended backwards over a shared passenger or cargo volume with access in the back.
fr:Type de carrosserie#Break
The Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra are pickup trucks manufactured from General Motors.
The Chevrolet Silverado first began around 1998, although the name Silverado actually got its use on pickup trucks beginning in 1975.
Chuck Scherza (February 15, 1923 – March 16, 2014) is a former professional ice hockey player who played 11 seasons in the American Hockey League, winning a Calder Cup championship in 1949.
Calder Cup (AHL) Championship (1949)
Servant of God is a title given to individuals by different religions, but in general the phrase is used to describe a person believed to be pious in his or her faith tradition.
In the Catholic Church, it designates someone who is being investigated by the Church for possibly being recognized as a saint.
In the Eastern Orthodox churches, this term is used to refer to any Eastern Orthodox Christian.
The title "Servant of God" () should not be confused with Servus Servorum Dei (Servant of the Servants of God), one of the titles of the Pope.
Receiving  the title Servant of God is the first of the four steps in the canonization process.
The next step is being declared Venerable, upon a decree of heroicity or martyrdom by the honored.
This is followed by beatification, with the title of Blessed, after the confirmation of miracles attributed to the honored.
The final step is canonization, where the honored would receive the title of Saint.
The Venerable is used as a style in several Christian churches.
It is also the common English-language translation of a number of Buddhist titles.
In the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, The Venerable, is the style used for a person who has been posthumously declared "heroic in virtue" during the investigation and process leading to possible canonization as a saint.
Before a person is  considered to be venerable, he or she must be declared as such by a proclamation, approved by the Pope, of having lived a life that was "heroic in virtue" – the virtues being the Theological Virtues of faith, hope, and charity and the Cardinal Virtues of prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance.
The next step is beatification, at which point the person is referred to as The Blessed, and finally canonization, at which point the person is referred to as Saint.
Two modern and well-known examples of those who have been declared venerable are Popes John Paul II and Pius XII, who were both declared venerable by Pope Benedict XVI in December 2009, and who are likely to be beatified soon.
The 7-8th-century English monk St. Bede was referred to as being venerable soon after his death and, by tradition, is therefore often referred to as "the Venerable Bede" despite his also having been canonized.
St Bede was the first person to be recorded as The Venerable.
Margaret "Jane" Pauley is a news anchor and reporter.
She hosted NBC Today between 1976 and 1989 and Dateline NBC starting in 1992 and ending in 2003.
Pauley was born 31 October 1950 in Indianapolis.
A burrito is a traditional Mexican dish.
It is based on a tortilla filled with foods such as meat, beans or cheese.
In the United States, however, there are usually several ingredients.
They use foods such as Mexican rice, beans, lettuce, salsa (such as pico de gallo), meat (such as carne asada), avocado, cheese, and sour cream.
Lahmacun
The Port of Gladstone is a seaport in Gladstone, Queensland.
It exports the fourth largest amount of coal of any seaport in the world.
The port has several different parts to it.
Auckland Point was where coal began to be exported in 1925.
Later, live horses were moved there in the mid 1930s.
Barney Point was used to export coal from Moura.
Barney Point was made part of the Port of Gladstone in November 1998.
The Fisherman’s Landing part was opened in 1980.
It was expanded in the 1990s and is planned to be expanded more.
Boyne Wharf is used by the Boyne Island aluminium smelter and was opened in August 1982.
The South Trees part of the port have been used by Queensland Alumina Limited, an aluminum company.
The RG Tanna Coal Terminal was opened in 1997 and is used to export coking coal to Japanese steel mills.
The Lawrence Massacre (also known as Quantrill's Raid) was an attack on the town of Lawrence, Kansas on August 21, 1863.
The attack was a battle in the U.S. Civil War.
The Confederates won the battle.
They won because groups of guerillas led by William Quantrill rode into town and shot every man they saw.
They killed about 150 people.
The guerillas attacked Lawrence because the city supported abolition and because it was a center for the Jayhawkers.
The Jayhawkers were free-state militia groups known for attacking plantations in the pro-slavery western counties of Missouri.
By 1863, there had been a lot of violence in Kansas.
This is because people disagreed about whether Kansas should allow slavery or not.
In the summer of 1856, the first sacking of Lawrence started a guerrilla war in Kansas that lasted for years.
John Brown might be the most famous person involved in the violence of the late 1850s that fought on the abolitionist or Jayhawker side.
However, there were many groups on each side that fought during the "Bleeding Kansas" period.
By the beginning of the American Civil War, Lawrence was already a target for pro-slavery violence.
This is because Lawrence was the biggest anti-slavery city in the state.
It was also where the Union and Jayhawkers started attacks into Missouri.
At first, the town and area around it were very prepared.
They reacted strongly to any rumors that pro-slavery people might be coming to Lawrence.
However, by the summer of 1863, this never happened, so the people did not fear much, and they forgot about their defenses.
Reasons for the attack
Revenge for Jayhawker attacks
Lawrence was a headquarters for a group of Jayhawkers (sometimes called "Red Legs").
They had started a campaign in late March 1863.
They had a goal to end support from the people for the Confederate guerillas.
Union General Blunt said the actions of the soldiers were as if "a reign of terror started, and no man's property was safe, nor was his life worth much if he fought them in their plans to rob and steal."
Many Jayhawker leaders like Charles "Doc" Jennison, James Montgomery, and George Henry Hoyt attacked Western Missouri.
This made both pro-southern and pro-Union civilians and politicians angry.
The historian Albert Castel says that the bushwhackers under Quantrill also wanted to steal, but revenge was their main reason.
Survivors confirmed the feeling of revenge in the attack on Lawrence.
Albert Castel wrote, "all the ladies and others who talked with the butchers of the 21st ult."
said that "they were here to revenge the wrongs done their families by our men under Lane, Jennison, Anthony and Co." Charles L. Robinson, the first Governor of Kansas, was an eyewitness to the attack.
He said the attack happened for revenge: "Before this raid the entire border counties of Missouri had experienced more terrible outrages (events) than ever the Quantrill raid at Lawrence... There was no burning of feet and torture by hanging in Lawrence as there was in Missouri, neither were women and children outraged."
Robinson explained that Quantrill chose Lawrence because Jayhawkers had attacked Missouri "as soon as [started]," and Lawrence was the "headquarters for the thieves and their plunder."
Quantrill said that his reason for the attack was "to steal and destroy the town as revenge for Osceola."
He was talking about the Union's attack on Osceola, Missouri in September 1861.
Senator James H. Lane led it.
His forces plundered Osceola, gave nine men a drumhead court-martial trial, and executed them.
Destruction of the Women's Prison in Kansas City
The collapse of the Women's Prison in Kansas City is also often believed to have made some people want to join in on the attack.
To try to stop the Missouri guerrillas from being in Kansas, General Thomas Ewing, Jr. issued "General Order No.
10" in April 1863.
This ordered anyone helping or comforting the Confederate guerrillas to be arrested.
This mostly meant women or girls who were relatives of the guerrillas.
Ewing sent the arrested people to some makeshift prisons in Kansas City.
The women were then kept in two buildings which were either too small or too dirty.
Then they were moved to an empty building at 1425 Grand Boulevard.
This building was part of the estate of Robert S. Thomas, George Caleb Bingham's father-in-law.
In 1861, Bingham and his family were living in the building.
However, in early 1862, he and his family moved to Jefferson City when he was chosen to be the treasurer of Missouri.
Bingham had added a third level to the building to use as a studio.
At least ten women or girls, all under the age of 20, were prisoners in the building when it collapsed on August 13, 1863, killing four: Charity McCorkle Kerr, Susan Crawford Vandever, Armenia Crawford Selvey, and Josephine Anderson—the 15-year-old sister of William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson.
A few days later, Nannie Harris died from her wounds.
The people who did not die from the collapse were Jenny Anderson (injured by the accident), Susan Anne Mundy Womacks, Martha "Mattie" Mundy, Lucinda "Lou" Mundy Gray, Elizabeth Harris (later married to Deal), and Mollie Grindstaff.
Anderson's 13-year-old sister, who was stuck to a ball-and-chain inside the jail, got many injuries, including two broken legs.
Even before the jail fell, the arrest and planned deportation of the girls had made Quantrill's guerrillas angry; George Todd left a note for General Ewing threatening to burn Kansas City unless the girls were freed.
Quantrill's raid on Lawrence was planned before the jail collapse, and even before General Ewing issued "General Order No.
10".
However, the deaths of the guerrillas' female relatives made the raiders want to kill people even more during the attack.
A man from Hesper named Henry Thompson tried to run to Lawrence to tell the people there that an attack was coming.
He was able to run all the way to Eudora before he was too tired.
An unknown man riding a chaise came across Thompson to ask if he needed help.
Thompson told him that he ran all the way from Hester, and that he needed to warn Lawrence.
Thompson and the man were able to get some people from Eudora to go to Lawrence to warn of an attack.
They were too late.
Around 450 guerrillas came near Lawrence shortly after 5 a.m. One of the first deaths was a pastor, Samuel S. Snyder.
He was outside milking his cows when the guerillas shot him.
Their first goal was to get to the Eldridge House, a big brick hotel in the middle of Lawrence.
They gained control of the building (which became Quantrill's headquarters during the raid).
After that, Quantrill's men went into smaller groups that spread throughout Lawrence.
For the next four hours, the raiders pillaged and burned 25% of the buildings in Lawrence.
They burned all businesses except for two.
They looted most of the banks and stores in town.
They killed more than 150 people.
All of the victims were men and boys.
Some sources say 183 people were killed.
An 1897 source says that among the dead were 18 of 23 untrained army recruits.
By 9 a.m., the raiders were leaving Lawrence.
Mayor George W. Collamore hid in his family's well so that the guerillas would not find him.
However, they set his house on fire, and he died from breathing in smoke.
After the massacre, a friend of Collamore's named Lowe went into the well to find him.
The rope he was holding onto broke, and he also died in the well.
Several groups of guerillas came to judge Louis Carpenter's house.
They took everything he owned, but he persuaded them to not kill him nor burn his house.
Another group of guerillas came and asked him where he was from.
He said he was from New York.
One of the guerillas said, "It's you New York [people] that are doing all of the mischief".
When the guerilla took out his revolver to shoot Carpenter, Carpenter ran back into his house.
The guerillas chased him into his house, upstairs, and then back downstairs, shooting at him.
Carpenter ran into the basement, but he was bleeding.
They found him, and the guerillas chased him outside and shot him.
His wife Mary used her body to protect him.
A guerilla walked around her to find a place to shoot under her.
He lifted her arm and aimed his revolver under it.
He fired his gun so that she could see the bullet enter Carpenter's head.
Then, the guerillas set the house on fire.
His wife's sister was able to stop the fire however.
George Burt was standing near a fence when a guerilla came to him.
The guerilla asked for all of his money.
When Burt gave the guerilla his pocket book, the guerilla took it with one hand and shot Burt with the other.
A German man named Phillip Albach was sick, laying in bed.
Guerillas demanded the family clear the house so they could burn it.
The family carried Albach outside on a mattress and laid him in the yard.
When the guerillas came out of the house, they killed him on his bed.
Reverend Hugh Dunn Fisher tried to run away from his home with his two sons.
Fisher was sick, so he was unable to run.
He went back into his house and hid under the stairs in his basement.
When some guerillas came into the house, they demanded his wife Elizabeth let them look in the basement.
They could not see Fisher in the darkness.
When they left, they set the house on fire and watched it burn.
They hoped that if Fisher was hiding inside, he would run outside so they could kill him.
Elizabeth covered Fisher in an old dress and a carpet, and carried him out of the house.
She covered him in the carpet and dress so that it would look like she was simply trying to save her belongings from the fire.
Fisher hid under the carpet until the guerillas left, and all of the family lived.
The raiders wanted revenge, so they had a list of people they wanted to kill and buildings they wanted to burn.
James H. Lane was at the top of the list.
Lane was a military leader and a supporter of the Jayhawkers.
Lane escaped by running through a cornfield while wearing his nightshirt.
John Speer was one of Lane's biggest political supporters.
Lane had put Speer into the newspaper business.
Speer was also on the list.
Charles L. Robinson, first governor of Kansas and an abolitionist, may also have been on the list.
However, he was not killed.
Many said that Quantrill's decision to kill young boys was a very bad part of the attack.
Bobbie Martin is generally said to be the youngest person who died.
Some stories of the raid say he may have been as young as ten to twelve years old, but others say he was fourteen years old.
Most sources say he was wearing a Union soldier uniform or clothing made from his father's uniform, but others say he was holding a musket and cartridges.
Most of Quantrill's guerrilla fighters were teenagers.
One of the youngest was Riley Crawford.
He was thirteen years old when his mother took him to Quantrill after Union soldiers shot her husband and burned her home.
The Kansas State Journal was the first newspaper in Lawrence to continue publishing after the attack.
They released their first copy on October 1, 1863.
In it, it said that every business in Lawrence had been sacked; every business except five had been burned; every house in Lawrence had been plundered; 160 men and boys had been killed.
The Leavenworth Daily Conservative, on August 23, 1863, said that the guerrillas caused $2,000,000 worth of damage, and stole $250,000 worth of money.
The Lawrence massacre was one of the bloodiest events in the history of Kansas.
The Plymouth Congregational Church in Lawrence wasn't destroyed, but many of its members were killed.
Also, many of its records were destroyed.
A day after the attack, some of the people of Lawrence lynched Thomas Corlew, a member of Quantrill's raiders who was still in Lawrence.
They believed he was a spy.
They hanged him in a barn on Massachusetts Street.
After the attack, Quantrill brought his men south to Texas for the winter.
By the next year, however, the raiders broke up as a group.
They were unable to get similar successes.
Quantrill died of wounds he got in Kentucky in 1865.
By that point, he had only a few supporters left.
Frank James and his younger brother, Jesse James were some of his supporters.
After Quantrill's attack, the Union built multiple military posts on Mount Oread.
They built these to help guard the rebuilt city.
However, no more attacks happened in Lawrence, and these forts were removed.
Bushwhacking, a kind of guerrilla warfare used a lot during the American Revolutionary War, American Civil War
Albert E. Castel.
Civil War Kansas: Reaping the Whirlwind (1997)
William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times (1999)  excerpt and text search
Thomas Goodrich, Bloody Dawn: The Story of the Lawrence Massacre (1992)
Paul I. Wellman.
A Dynasty of Western Outlaws (1961). (
On the formative background of the Kansas-Missouri border wars on the post-war western outlaws, notably the James-Younger gang.)
Richard F. Sunderwirth, "The Burning" Of Osceola Missouri" (2007)
National Park Service battle description
Tour and photos of Lawrence Quantrill's Raid sites
Other reports that mention Quantrill's Raid and the Lawrence Massacre
Civil War history site article on Quantrill
Rev. R. Cordley's Description of the Massacre (published in 1865) {Partial list of killed/wounded/missing}
1897 account "Guns and the Gospel" with listing of Lawrence Massacre Victims at the end of Chapter 22
Monument to victims of William C. Quantrill
American Civil War battles
Cabral retired to his properties in Santarém.
He died in c. 1520 and was buried in a monastery in Santarém, Portugal.
Toyota Sequoia is a large SUV made by Toyota.
The production of the Sequoia began during 2000.
This sport utility vehicle is among the largest vehicles from Toyota.
It can seat around seven or eight passengers.
Mandaue City Central School is the oldest school in Mandaue, in Cebu, Philippines.
It is an elementary school.
The school occupies an area of more than .
It belongs to the Central District council.
For several decades, Mandaue City Central School stood as the only school in the Central District until three schools were established sometime in the 1990s.
The first building, the Gabaldon Building, was built in 1904 which is still in use.
Mandaue City Central School  official website
The Battle of Mine Creek (also known as the Battle of the Osage) was a battle in the American Civil War.
In total, 1,300 people were killed.
The battle was fought in Linn County, Kansas.
Mine Creek
1864 in the United States
A Wilson prime is a special kind of prime number.
A prime number p is a Wilson prime if (and only if [ iff ])
where n is a positive integer (sometimes called natural number).
Wilson primes were first described by Emma Lehmer.
The only known Wilson primes are 5, 13, and 563 ; if any others exist, they must be greater than 5.
It has been conjectured that  there are an infinite number of Wilson primes, and that the number of Wilson primes in an interval  is about
Compare this with Wilson's theorem, which states that every prime p divides (p − 1)!
+ 1.
Wieferich prime
Wall-Sun-Sun prime
Wolstenholme prime
The Prime Glossary: Wilson prime
Status of the search for Wilson primes
Wilson Quotients for composite moduli
On congruences involving Bernoulli numbers and the quotients of Fermat and Wilson
The Honda Odyssey is a minivan that has been made by Honda since 1994.
From 1994 to 1999, it was also sold as the Isuzu Oasis.
A larger version of the minivan has been available since 1999 in North America.
It was redesigned in 2005 and 2011.
The 2015 model was awarded the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety's top rated pick because of its collision avoidance system.
The short-faced bear or bulldog bear (Arctodus) is an extinct genus of bear endemic to North America during the Pleistocene era about 1.8 million years ago (mya) to 11,000 years ago.
At that time, Arctodus simus may have been one of the largest mammals that lived on land and ate meat.
Arctodus simus first appeared during the middle Pleistocene in North America, about 800,000 years ago.
It became extinct about 11,600 years ago.
However, it lived mostly in southern areas, from northern Texas to New Jersey in the east; Aguascalientes, Mexico to the southwest; and with large concentrations in Florida.
Archaeologists first found fossils of the short-faced bear in the Potter Creek Cave in Shasta County, California.
This animal might have been the largest carnivorous land mammal that ever lived in North America.
Archaeologists have found only one giant short-faced bear skeleton, in Indiana.
It is famous because it was the biggest most-nearly complete skeleton of a giant short-faced bear ever found in America.
The original bones are in Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History.
A recent study estimated the weight of six short-faced bear specimens.
The largest was .
This suggested that the bear was probably bigger than scientists had thought.
When it was standing on its hind (back) legs, the bear was  tall.
One theory is that the short-faced bear was an active predator, attacking bison directly.
Another theory is that it let faster predators make the kill, then bullied them off the carcass.
This would mean it was a scavenger.
An area of persistent convection over the Caroline Islands was first noted in the Significant Tropical Weather Advisory on November 6.
As it headed westward, its outflow rapidly improved, with banding and a more circular cloud pattern.
The organization continued, and it was upgraded to Tropical Depression 27W on the 7th.
Early on the 8th, the depression strengthened to Tropical Storm Mike near the island of Yap.
Mike continued its westward movement and its intensification rate, and became a typhoon early on November 9, the 18th of the season.
At this time, a weakness in the subtropical ridge, which kept the storm on its westward movement, was bring Mike northward.
This did not occur, and Mike kept its persistent westward motion.
On November 10, the typhoon rapidly intensified, reaching peak winds of 165 mph later that day.
In a 48-hour period, the typhoon deepened 99 millibars to a minimum central pressure of 915 mb.
Mike retained its intensity of 165 mph winds for a day as it approached the Philippines.
Fortunately for the archipelago, the combination of an eyewall replacement cycle and land interaction to its west weakened the super typhoon.
Nevertheless, Mike still hit the eastern Philippines as a 140 mph typhoon on November 12.
The typhoon further weakened to an 85 mph typhoon while crossing the islands, but in the South China Sea, conditions favored slight strengthening.
Mike reached a secondary peak of 95 mph winds on November 14, but land interaction with Vietnam again weakened it to a minimal typhoon.
The forecast break in the subtropical ridge finally occurred on the 15th, causing a northwest motion.
Vertical shear increased, weakening Mike to a tropical storm on the 16th.
Early the next day, the storm passed over western Hainan Island, and degraded to a tropical depression that night.
After a brief passage over the Gulf of Tonkin Mike hit southern China where it dissipated on November 18.
While crossing the western Caroline Islands, Mike proved to be quite destructive.
Extensive damage occurred to the islands, but no deaths occurred and only one injury was reported.
The Philippines did not fare so well.
The typhoon's heavy rainfall produced mudslides which, combined with the heavy wind damage, resulted in over $14 million in damage (1990 USD, $20.8 million 2005 USD).
Over 748 people were reported killed, making Mike the most destructive typhoon for the Philippines since Typhoon Ike in 1984, which killed over 1,000 people.
President Corazon Aquino declared a state of calamity in the Visayas.
Typhoon Mike's damage to the infrastructure of the city and province of Cebu forced its local leaders to rethink governmental priorities.
A conscious effort to rebuild after the damage was promoted, resulting into the boom of the economy of Cebu, dubbed CEBOOM.
Due to the destruction in the Philippines, the name Mike was retired and was replaced by Manny.
Its PAGASA name, Ruping, was also retired.
JTWC Mike Report
Worst Typhoons of the Visayan Islands
A control variable is something in an experiment that is kept the same.
Having control variables means that the experiment will be a fair test.
Negative feedback is a basic concept of cybernetics; it is the basis of regulation and control.
In biology and physiology negative feedback is known as homeostasis.
Negative feedback occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of a system.
This has the result that the changes are made less, and the system kept within limits.
The classic example is a central heating system which cuts off when a (suitably placed) temperature sensor hits a pre-set mark.
The negative feedback part is the thermostat.
Virtually all aspect of living systems involve homeostasis, and disease follows when any of these systems fail.
Examples: blood pressure, glucose level, liver functions, cell division, and so on.
Homeostasis  was defined by Claude Bernard and later by Walter Bradford Cannon in 1926, 1929 and 1932 is the property of a system, either open or closed, that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant condition.
The concept came from that of milieu interieur which was created by Claude Bernard and published in 1865.
February 13 Burial of Edward the Martyr at Most Holy Mother of God Church in Wareham, Dorset
Vorarlberg (Vorarlbergian: Vorarlbearg, Voralbärg, or Voraadelbearg) is the westernmost federal state in Austria.
The capital is Bregenz.
The biggest cities are Feldkirch and Dornbirn.
As of 2016, there were about 384,000 people.
It is the only province in Austria that does not speak Austro-Bavarian.
Instead they speak an Alemannic dialect.
This makes it more in common with its Alemannic-speaking neighbors Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Swabia than with Bavaria and the rest of Austria.
The highest mountain is Piz Buin.
The main rivers in Vorarlberg are the Ill, the Bregenzer Ach and the Dornbirner Ach.
78% of the population is Roman Catholic.
The second most follow Islam which has a share of 8.4%.
Vorarlberg is divided into four large districts.
They are Bregenz, Dornbirn, Feldkirch and Bludenz.
On land, Vorarlberg has borders with Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany.
The respextive states are the Swiss cantons of St.Gallen and Graubünden, and the German state of Bavaria.
Lake Constance is special, there are no borders apart fro the borders on land.
Legally, all the states that share this lake, also have a common border.
That way, Vorarlberg also has a common border with the German state of Baden-Württemberg, and the Swiss canton of Thurgau.
Princess of Wales () is a royal title used in the United Kingdom.
It is held by the wife of the Prince of Wales.
It has been used since the first English Prince of Wales, in 1283.
There have been only ten Princesses of Wales, even though there have been a lot more than ten male heirs to the throne.
The majority of Princes of Wales married after acceding to the throne as King.
A number of other Princes of Wales died too young to marry.
Princesses of Wales by Deborah Fisher.
University of Wales Press, 2005.
'Tystiolaeth Garth Celyn' Y Traethodydd 1998,
Goh is best known as Interior Minister, Agriculture Minister, and Prime Minister of South Korea.
He was also mayor of Seoul.
Clerow "Flip" Wilson Jr. (8 December 1933 – 25 November 1998) was an African-American comedian whose career was successful in the 1960s and 1970s.
He is perhaps best known for his television variety series The Flip Wilson Show, which earned him a Golden Globe and two Emmy Awards.
On November 25, 1998, Wilson died from liver cancer in Malibu, California, aged 64.
Defense mechanism is a psychological concept of the mind.
It is the coping technique individuals unconsciously use to protect themselves from getting hurt in unpleasant situations (e.g. conflicts, unhappiness).
Without defense mechanisms, people may suffer from psychological and mental illness.
Reaction formation
Chevrolet Volt is an American plug-in hybrid car.
The car was first produced in 2011  and is manufactured by Chevrolet division of General Motors.
This vehicle travels 25 to 50 miles (38 miles average) on electric power alone.