the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He was also a great conductor and helped to make the Vienna Opera world famous.
Gustav Mahler was born on 7 July 1860 into a Jewish family.
He was the second of 12 children and the first one of the six who were to survive childhood and grow up to adults.
His father worked hard to build up his business.
He owned a distillery and seven taverns in Iglau to where the family moved in the autumn of 1860.
There he heard a lot of music: military music, folk music and different kinds of art music.
He learned the piano and performed in public in 1870 and started to compose.
In 1875 he went to study at the Vienna Conservatory.
After a while he gave up studying the piano and concentrated on composition and conducting.
He was very interested in Wagner’s ideas about philosophy and politics, and he studied philosophy at the University of Vienna.
He started to earn some money by teaching.
His first important composition was a cantata called Das klagende Lied.
Mahler’s first job as a conductor was at Bad Hall in Upper Austria.
The small opera company there was not very good and the music they sang was just light operetta.
Mahler soon found another job at Laibach (now called Ljubljana).
They sang better music there, but he only stayed one year.
His next job was in Olmütz (now called Olomouc).
The standard of singing was not very good, but Mahler was very strict.
Although the singers did not like him at first he helped them to become better.
Then he got a job in Kassel, but he had to conduct a lot of operettas.
He had an unhappy love affair with one of the singers.
This inspired him to write a collection of orchestral songs Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen and he started his first symphony.
In 1885 he got a conducting job in Prague.
For the first time he was able to conduct works for which he was to become famous: operas by Mozart, Wagner, and music by Beethoven.
However, Mahler had arguments with the people he worked with and so he left Prague.
Mahler’s next job was in Leipzig.
The orchestra of the Neues Stadttheater was larger and much better than any he had worked for until then.
One of the conductors who worked there was Arthur Nikisch.
He was very famous, and the young Mahler was often criticized because he was very different to Nikisch and the way he conducted.
When Nikisch was ill Mahler conducted Die Walküre and Siegfried.
This helped him to show that he was a great conductor.
He met the grandson of the composer Carl Maria von Weber who gave him sketches for an opera Die Drei Pintos which Weber had left unfinished.
The sketches were very difficult to read, but Mahler completed the opera and performed it.
He also worked at his own compositions and he met Richard Strauss who was to remain a close friend until his death.
Rising fame: Budapest and Hamburg
In 1888 Mahler got a job at the Royal Opera in Budapest.
Although it was a good theatre they were in financial problems.
The Hungarians wanted Mahler to make it a Hungarian national opera using Hungarian singers as much as possible.
However, there were not many good Hungarian singers.
The opera company did not like German operas, preferring light opera and ballet.
He did not have much time to compose because he was too busy with administrative jobs.
So he left Budapest.
By this time both his parents had died.
From 1891-1897 Mahler had a conducting post at Hamburg.
Here there was an opera company of international standard.
Mahler soon became world famous.
He conducted many operas as well as orchestral concerts.
He conducted in London in 1892 and was invited back again but he did not accept because he wanted time to compose.
He spent the summer months composing, writing his music down in short score (not showing the orchestration) and during the theatre season he would revise and orchestrate them.
The performance of his Second Symphony in Berlin in 1895 was a huge success.
Since the death of his parents Mahler had supported his two sisters.
He had encouraged his brother Otto to become a musician, but Otto committed suicide.
Mahler continued to support his two sisters until they married two famous brothers: Eduard and Arnold Rosé in 1898 and 1902.
Mahler was becoming very famous.
In 1897 he went on tour to Moscow, Munich and Budapest.
However, he really wanted a job in Vienna, but because he was Jewish it was going to be very hard for him to find work there, so he became a Roman Catholic.
Soon afterwards he became Kapellmeister in Vienna.
Vienna 1897-1907
In Vienna Mahler soon became famous for his conducting of Wagner and Mozart.
His friend Guido Adler paid for the publication of his First and Third Symphonies.
Mahler replaced Hans Richter as conductor of the Philharmonic Concerts.
Mahler attracted bigger audiences, but he had disagreements with the players.
They did not like some of his unusual ideas and he was very strict.
After an illness in 1901 he resigned.
He bought a house in Maiernigg in Carinthia where he spent his summers composing.
In 1901 he fell in love with Alma Schindler whose father Anton Schindler was a famous landscape painter.
She was nearly twenty years younger than Mahler.
She was studying composition, but Mahler made her give up composing so that she could devote herself to being a good wife.
This made the relationship between them rather difficult.
In 1910 Mahler went to see the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud.
Freud helped him to understand not only his marriage problems but also his creative nature.
He now felt a deeper love for Alma than he ever had before.
At the Hofoper Mahler conducted many of the great operas, but not many new ones.
He wanted to conduct Richard Strauss’s new opera Salomé, but the censors did not allow it to be performed.
Nevertheless, Mahler’s years conducting in Vienna were very important because he had many new ideas.
Through his wife he met many artists, especially those connected with the Sezession movement.
One of them, Alfred Roller, designed the sets for a new production of Tristan und Isolde.
He became Mahler’s chief stage designer.
At last Mahler could work closely with someone who shared his views.
They staged many operas together: Fideleo, Don Giovanni , Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Le Nozze di Figaro, Die Zauberflöte and Iphigénie en Aulide.
Mahler felt much more secure now that he was married.
This made him more creative.
He composed his Eighth Symphony very quickly.
It needs a huge orchestra and choir, which is why it is often called "Symphony of a Thousand".
Mahler thought it was his best work.
Mahler never became a teacher, but he gave a lot of encouragement to young composers such as Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Anton Webern and Alexander Zemlinsky.
However, there were music critics in Vienna who were anti-Jewish and made things difficult for him.
In 1907 his elder daughter Maria died from scarlet fever.
More bad news followed when Mahler was found to have a bad heart.
The doctor said he must give up his favourite pastimes: going for walks, cycling and swimming.
Mahler had done a tremendous amount for the cultural life of Vienna, but he decided it was time to leave.
The last thing he conducted in Vienna was his Second Symphony.
Final years: New York and Europe
Mahler was invited to go to America to conduct the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.
It was very different from what he had been used to in Europe.
Instead of working with a group of singers who worked together as a team, the operas at the Metropolitan Opera were sung by great operatic stars.
Mahler did not try to change this.
He even agreed to make cuts to Wagner operas.
Then he was invited to be the conductor of the New York Philharmonic so he resigned from the Metropolitan.
The last time he conducted there was as a guest artist.
In 1909 he finished his Ninth Symphony.
He was very busy conducting in Europe.
In January 1911 he conducted his Fourth Symphony in New York.
Then he became ill and decided to go to Vienna.
He arrived there on 12 May but he died a few weeks later at the age of 50.
Mahler was one of the last composers who belonged to the great musical tradition of Germany and Austria.
Although many German composers had written great symphonies (e.g. Beethoven), Mahler found something new to say in his music.
His symphonies often have long melodies and he uses folk song as well as new sounds in the orchestra.
Mahler worked most of his life in the theatre, and this influences his musical language.
A good example is Symphony No.4 which starts in the happy key of G major where the music describes the early life, but finishes in E major where the soprano soloist sings about the heavenly pleasures.
Mahler became very interested in German folksong and he composed several sets of orchestral songs.
He took poems from the collection called Des Knaben Wunderhorn (The Boy’s Magic Horn).
These songs were originally medieval, but Mahler made them feel very different by interpreting them through his own personality.
The language of his songs is heard in his symphonies, four of which use singing (nos 2, 3, 4 and 8).
He wrote nine symphonies and started a tenth, but died before it was finished.
Mahler was a great orchestrator.
Some of his later works need a very large orchestra.
He often used unusual effects, e.g. in his First Symphony there is a double bass solo playing very high notes, accompanied by timpani.
His set of orchestral songs Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth) are like a symphony, but he did not call it a symphony.
This was for superstitious reasons: several great composers, including Beethoven, had written nine symphonies and then died.
His conducting
As a conductor Mahler had a tremendous influence on musical life in Europe.
He often conducted his own works.
When he conducted works by other composers he played it according to his own ideas.
He even made changes to the orchestration of some works by Beethoven.
He was not the sort of conductor who tried to make the music as close as possible to what the composer had wanted.
He always wanted the music to sound very clear.
Austrian conductors
The Boston Marathon is a famous marathon which is run every April in Boston, Massachusetts on Patriot's Day.
The distance of the race is 26.2 miles or 26 miles and 385 yards.
To participate, runners need to qualify ahead of time by getting a certain time on another marathon first.
This time is different depending on how old the runner is. (
Every year, some runners who do not qualify are allowed in by raising money for charity).
2013 bombings
During the 2013 Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, two explosions happened near the finish line at 2:49 PM EDT.
Three people were killed and around 183 people were injured.
Sports in Boston, Massachusetts
An ultramarathon is a running race that is longer than a 26.2 mile marathon race.
The most common distances for ultramarathons are:
50 Kilometers (31 miles)
50 Miles (80.5 kilometers)
100 Kilometers (62 miles)
100 Miles (161 kilometers)
Captain Planet is the main character of the animated television series Captain Planet and the Planeteers.
He is summoned when the powers of Earth, Fire, Wind, Water, and Heart are put together.
On June 27, 2013, Sony Pictures announced that they are currently producing a live-action movie based on Captain Planet.
Captain Planet Foundation
Ted Turner's Captain Planet site
The Rubber Chicken - Captain Planet Comic Analysis
What Would Captain Planet Do?
Mother Nature Network
pl:Nowe przygody Kapitana Planety
Pl:Nowe ptzygody kapitana planety
World of Warcraft is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG).
It was made by Blizzard Entertainment.
The game setting is the same for other games using the name "Warcraft".
It has seven expansions, World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade, World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King, World of Warcraft: Cataclysm, World of Warcraft: Mists of Pandaria, World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor, World of Warcraft: Legion and World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth.
Warcraft: Orcs and Humans was a real-time strategy game.
The same for Warcraft 2 and its add-on, Warcraft 2: Tides of Darkness and Warcraft 3 and its add-on, Warcraft 3: The Frozen Throne.
World of Warcraft is different than the other games because it is a MMORPG.
This means that many people from around the world may play together in the online world.
Players move or advance through the game by gaining experience from killing enemies and finishing quests that are given throughout the game.
If a player has enough experience, they will gain a level.
The maximum level that a player can reach is currently 60.
Each level is made higher by each expansion by 10 or 5.
At the highest level, players can still get stronger by obtaining items from instances and raids, which are dungeons that require 10 to 25 players to work together to take down bosses and enemies.
World of Warcraft has developed a community of 'raiding guilds' that compete with each other for in these raid instances.
Humans look similar to human beings.
Humans may choose from the following classes: warrior, rogue, hunter, paladin, mage, warlock, priest, and death knight.
Dwarves are short, scruffy, and enjoy their liquor.
Dwarves may choose from the following classes: warrior, rogue, paladin, priest, hunter, warlock, mage, shaman
Gnomes are very short and mischievous and enjoy explosions and dangerous tools, their hair color may be pink or green or other colors.
Gnomes may choose from the following classes: warrior, rogue, warlock, mage, and death knight.
Night Elf
Night elves are tall and muscular.
Their skin can be colored purple to pale white.
Night elves may choose from the following classes: warrior, rogue, druid, priest, hunter, and death knight.
Draenei (Requires account upgrade to the Burning Crusade Expansion)
Draenei are tall blue creatures from the planet Draenor.
Draenei may choose from the following classes: warrior, shaman, paladin, mage, priest, hunter, death knight.
Worgen (Requires account upgrade to the Cataclysm Expansion)
Worgen are werewolves that used to be humans.
Worgen may choose from the following classes: Mage, Priest, Rogue, Warlock, Warrior, Druid, Hunter, and Death Knight.
Orcs are muscular, hairy, and green.
Orcs may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Rogue, Shaman, Warlock, Hunter, and Death Knight.
Tauren are very tall, nature-loving cows that walk on two feet.
Tauren may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Shaman, Druid, Hunter, and Death Knight.
Trolls are tall and can have large tusks, ranging from blue to green skin, with very colorful hair.
Trolls may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Rogue, Shaman, Mage, Priest, Hunter, and Death Knight.
Undead of the Forsaken faction are fairly short and pale with stringy hair, and their bones show through their clothing.
Undead may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Rogue, Mage, Warlock, Priest, and Death Knight.
Blood Elf (Requires account upgrade to the Burning Crusade Expansion)
Blood Elves are of medium height and very thin, ranging in color from brown to pink to white.
They have green eyes and long eyebrows.
Blood elves may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Rogue, Paladin, Mage, Warlock, Priest, Hunter, and Death Knight.
Goblins (Requires account upgrade to the Cataclysm Expansion)
Goblins are short, ugly, and green.
They are very greedy and like to destroy things.
Goblins may choose from the following classes: Mage, Priest, Rogue, Warlock, Warrior, Shaman, Hunter, and Death Knight.
In the game, there are classes.
Once a player has made a character, the character's class cannot be changed, but the character can be deleted.
Players can have up to 50 characters on each account they pay for, and up to 10 characters per realm.
The Tank.
This person / people will be the focus of the bosses attention and will be taking large amounts of damage.
The DPS.(Damage per Second) These people will be in charge of dealing large amounts of damage to try and kill the enemy.
It important that they do not cause too much attention as to pull creatures away from the tank.
The Healer.
This person / people will look after the group.
Healing the tank, and any DPS who get targeted by an Area of Effect spell. (
AoE)
Mages cast spells using arcane, frost, or fire magic.
Mages wear cloth armor and are very vulnerable to melee damage.
They have access to massive ranged spell damage and area of effect capabilities.
Rogues have a large number of escape tools to get away from battles they do not want to fight.
Rogues can stealth (turn invisible) and stun their enemies in melee range, holding one weapon in each hand.
Rogues use an energy bar
Warriors can use nearly any one or two-handed weapon in the game, and may use shields.
Warriors get angry (gaining "rage" when attacking enemies) and attack their enemies in melee range.
Paladins may use 1 handed weapons and shields, or 2 handed weapons, they cannot dual wield.
Paladins use holy magic via seal and judgment spells to attack in melee range, or they can be healers.
Shamans wield the elements of nature and fire (and sometimes frost) spells.
Shamans can use shields and can dual wield 1 handed weapons or use 2 handed weapons, and may fight in melee range, may cast from range, or may be healers.
Warlocks cast shadow and fire magic spells.
Warlocks wear cloth armor and are vulnerable to melee damage.
Warlocks also summon demonic minions (pets) to help them in battle.
Druids use arcane and nature spells, or may choose talents to be more of a melee fighter.
Druids can shift into forms of animals like bear, cat, walrus, and cheetah.
Healing druids can turn into a tree form, and the druid caster form is known as Moonkin.
Priests wear cloth and are vulnerable to melee damage.
Priests can either heal with holy and discipline spells or do damage with shadow spells.
Hunters attack with a bow, crossbow or guns from range while their pets attack and keep an enemy's hate in melee range.
Hunters can tame many kinds of pets including spiders, bears, worms, wasps, and many more.
Death Knight (Requires a level 55 character on account upgraded to the Wrath of the Lich King expansion.)
Death Knights use runes and runic power to attack their enemies in melee range.
Death Knights also have a number of ranged abilities to keep their targets from running away in battle.
When a player gets to level 10, each level up afterward earns one talent point to be put into one of three class-specific talent trees.
Different classes have different types of talents that are divided into three "talent trees", which are DPS (Damage Per Second), tanking (taking damage), and healing (healing damage).
Putting points into the DPS tree may make them do more damage to enemies, putting points into the tanking tree may make them take less damage, while putting points into the healing tree may make them heal for more damage.
However, a talent may not affect it directly.
For example, if a priest character wants to do more damage to enemies, the priest would put talent points into the "Shadow" talent tree.
If a priest wants to heal groupmates, the priest would put talent points into the "Holy" talent tree.
In Game Statistics
Base Statistics
Attack Power - Attack power increases the characters melee damage output.
Hit Rating - This increases the chance to it an enemy.
This is capped at 14%.
Ignore Armour Rating - This enables the melee damage you cause to ignore a percentage of the opponents armor.
Critical Strike Rating - This effects your chance to cause additional damage on any melee attack.
Ranged
Attack Power - Attack power increases the characters Ranged damage output.
Ignore Armour Rating - This enables the Ranged damage you cause to ignore a percentage of the opponents armor.
Critical Strike Rating - This effects your chance to cause additional damage on any Ranged attack.
This is capped at 8% (So do not go overboard and get 21% like I did, it is a waste of gold).
Spell Penetration - This enables the Spell / Magic damage you cause to ignore magical resistance equal to the amount of spell penetration you have.
Critical Strike Rating - This effects your chance to cause additional damage on any Spell / Magic attack.
Speed Rating - Causes the cast time of your spells to be reduced.
This is useless once it gets to one second, because of a global cooldown on all your spells.
Mana Regeneration - Increases your mana regeneration out of combat and while casting.
This is very important for healers so that they do not OOM part way through a fight.
Bonus Damage / Bonus Healing - Some items specifically give you 'spell power' which is similar to attack power.
Except it is separated into healing and damage.
This is because some items give just these.
Example: I help to kill a strong Boss, and I get a new robe.
+23 spell power +30 healing power. (
I am a DPS so I would give this to the groups healer instead.)
Defense Rating - Increases your likely hood to dodge, block and parry.
This is very important for tanks to have. (
With cata Changes now does not exist in game.)
Dodge - The ability to dodge an attack and suffer no damage.
This is expressed as a percentage.
Parry - The ability to deflect an oncoming attack with your weapon.
Block(Requires Shields) - The ability to block an attack with your shield reducing the damage you suffer from it.
In Game Terms
PvE - Stands for Player versus environment.
Generally refers to all content in the game that is played against AI controlled units.
This typically refers to raids and dungeons.
PvP - Stands for Player versus Player.
Refers to all content in the game that is played with / against other human controlled units.
Typically refers to Battlegrounds (rated and non-rated), Arenas and City Raids.
Mobs/Adds - A mob or add is a creature that is not player controlled.
They are generally used in kill or collection quests.
In Dungeons / Raids they can be used to swarm at your group, or to make the game a little bit more challenging.
They do not often give very good loot, or experience.
Boss - A Boss is a creature that is not player controlled.
They are mainly found inside Dungeons / Raids and are often very difficult to kill.
Each Boss is a different fight and requires a large amount of skill and awareness to kill.
Bosses give higher than average items, these can range from gear, to mounts and tokens.
Raid - A Raid is a specific area of the game, that is mostly cut off from the main world.
The original World of Warcraft allowed up to 40 man Raids.
Lately this has been reduced down to 10 mans and 25 mans.
A Raid is a place to test your characters skills and interact with other players around the world.
In each Raid there are Bosses and Mobs.
Dungeon - A Dungeon is smaller than a raid only being 5 man.
Dungeons are designed to take people who have just reached the top level and give them better gear, so that they can start Raiding.
Dungeons are also open to people who are still leveling.
So that people can get better gear to make leveling faster, Or to complete quests that are inside Dungeons.
Threat - Threat is what causes a creature to attack a target.
The Tank needs to generate enough threat to keep the Mobs / Boss attacking him.
DPS also need to make sure they do not exceed the Tanks threat on the target.
Example: I am a DPS, who is new.
I cast lots of high threat spells during a Boss fight.
The Boss turns around and kills me because I had more threat than the Tank.
Since no one else had more Threat than the Tank the Boss re-focuses of him again.
And I have to sit down and watch everyone fighting because I am dead.
Aggro - Aggro is when a Mob / Boss is focused on you.
Example: The Tank losses aggro, because you were generating to much threat.
Tank - A person who protects the group by taking most of the damage and keeping the enemies attention.
The Tanks generally need a specific amount of Defense, Dodge, and Parry to be allowed to tank higher levels of Raids.
These people are always in demand.
DPS - Stands for Damage Per Second.
These people are important for any Raid / Dungeon they are specialized in dealing high amounts of damage.
DPS must not however cause too threat that they pull the Boss away from the Tank.
This can prove fatal.
DPS are never in demand because it is something all classes have the option to be.
Healers - A person who heals your Tank and your Party / Raid.
LOM/OOM - LOM means Low on Mana, this is not a very common phrase.
OOM means Out of Mana, this is a lot more widely used in game.
Energy has a fast regeneration and has a limit of 110 (with talents) 100 without.
Rage and Runic power are also from a 0 - 100 scale, performing abilities and dealing damage grants more allowing more abilities to be used.
Mana has no capped amount, the more Intellect your character has the more mana you have to play with.
CC - Stands for Crowd Control.
Refers to all spells / abilities in the game that cause the target to be unable to perform certain tasks.
Most commonly used in PvP but also widely used in PvE. Examples of CCs include: Stuns, Fears, Silences, Polymorphs, Cyclones etc.
LoS - Stands for Line of Sight.
When there is an object or obstacle between the player in question and the target.
Most commonly used in PvP as both a defensive tool (preventing spells to land and thus reducing damage and/or CCs) or an offensive tool (kiting an opposing player behind an obstacle and killing while preventing the opposing team's healer from being able to heal the target).
bio - Stands for Biology Break (i.e. bathroom break).
Typically used in conjunction with "brb" (be right back) to inform the people in the party / raid that you will be right back after going to the bathroom.
The Official World of Warcraft Website
WoWInsider: A World of Warcraft blog
WowHead: A site that contains a lot of information about World of Warcraft
The Official Site of WoW Classic(Gold)
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
Santo Domingo de Guzmán, or just Santo Domingo, is the capital of the Dominican Republic and is its largest city.
It is the oldest European city in the Americas where people have been living since it was founded at the end of the 15th century.
The city is at the mouth of the Ozama River, on the Caribbean coast.
The city has the Santo Domingo province to the east, north and west.
To the south is the Caribbean Sea.
The eastern limit of the city is the Ozama River and the northern limit is the Isabela River, a tributary of the Ozama.
The western limit is a long street, Gregorio Luperón Avenue.
The average temperature (25.7 °C) varies little in the city.
December and January are the coolest months and July and August are the warmest.
Some years, hurricanes affect the city because it is in the Caribbean where hurricanes are common from June to November.
In 2010, the municipality had a total population of 965,040: 460,903 men and 504,137 women.
The urban population was 100% of the total population.
Santo domingo has a very diverse population, but it is mainly composed of  mulattoes, whites and blacks.
The city was first founded on the east side of River Ozama by Bartholomew Columbus, brother of Christopher, with the name of La Nueva Isabela (The New Isabela); La Isabela was a town founded on the northern coast of the island by Christopher Columbus.
The name was soon changed to Santo Domingo.
Santo Domingo was the first capital of the Spanish colonies in the Américas.
It became the starting point of most of the Spanish expeditions of exploration and conquest of the other Caribbean islands and the adjacent lands in the continent.
There are still many buildings from that time (16th century) and part of the old walls.
In 1930, the city of Santo Domingo was almost completely destroyed by a hurricane called San Zenón.
Rafael Trujillo rebuilt the city and named it Ciudad Trujillo after himself.
After his assassination in 1961, Ciudad Trujillo became again Santo Domingo.
The 1966 constitution named the city Santo Domingo de Guzmán.
In 2001, the Santo Domingo Province was created with much of the area of the old Distrito Nacional ("National District").
With that division, many parts of the old city are now part of the Santo Domingo Province and not of the city of Santo Domingo de Guzmán.
But they are still part of the metropolitan area of the city (the Greater Santo Domingo).
The people that live in this Greater Santo Domingo are capitaleños (women are capitaleñas), even if they do not live in the National District.
Zona Colonial
The old section of the city is known as Zona Colonial ("Colonial Zone") or Ciudad Colonial ("Colonial City").
The Colonial Zone, bordered by the Ozama River, was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1990.
Some of the old buildings in this zone are
Cathedral of Saint Mary, the first cathedral in America.
Alcázar de Colón ("Diego Columbus' Palace") where Diego Columbus, son of Christopher, lived when he was governor of the Spanish colony.
Monasterio de San Francisco ("St. Francis Monastery"), an church and place where monks lived (monastery); now is partially destroyed.
Hospital de San Nicolás de Bari ("St. Nicholas of Bari Hospital"), the first hospital in the Americas; now is partially destroyed.
Palacio del Gobernador y de la Audiencia ("Palace of the Governor and the Court"); now is a museum, Museo de las Casas Reales ("Museum of the Royal Houses").
Fortaleza Ozama ("Ozama Fortress"), the oldest fort in America.
Alcázar de Colón ("Diego Columbus' Palace")
Naval Museum of the Atarazanas
Museum of the Casas Reales (colonial period)
Museum of Duarte
Museum of the Dominican Man
World of Amber Museum
Modern Art Gallery
National Museum of History and Geography
Parks and recreational areas
Santo Domingo has various parks as the National Botanical Garden, the National Zoo and the Mirador Sur Park.
There are also many small squares as the Parque Colón ("Columbus Park"), in the Zonal Colonial and on the northern side of the cathedral; and the Parque Independencia ("Independence Park"), just outside of the old western wall and where the Founding Fathers of the country (Juan Pablo Duarte, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Matías Ramón Mella) are buried.
There are eighteen universities in Santo Domingo.
Established in 1538, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD) was the first university founded in the continent; it is also the only public university in the country and has campuses all over the country.
Santo Domingo is home to the Leones del Escogido and Tigres del Licey baseball clubs of the Dominican Winter League.
Estadio Quisqueya is the home stadium for both teams.
Centro Olimpico Juan Pablo Duarte is the central sports complex of the city, at the center of the city.
Cities in the Caribbean
Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1496 establishments
14th-century establishments in North America
Dacians led by Decebalus fought in two wars against the Romans from this year to AD 88 or 89.
Domitian stopped a Dacian invasion of Moesia
Jealous of Gnaeus Julius Agricola's success in Britain, Domitian recalled and  poisoned the general.
Domitian makes himself censor for life.
This gives him the right to control the Senate.
His totalitarian tendencies put the senatorial aristocracy against him.
Baekje invades Silla in the Korean peninsula.
The war continues till the peace treaty of 105.
Ptolemy, Greek astronomer. (
Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman general, poisoned.
Treason is when a person acts against his/ her country.
For example, somebody might help another country fight a war against or loot his country by keeping secrets or failing to protect his country.
In history, treason has often included the assassination of leaders.
Treason against the king was called high treason and treason against a lesser role was called petty treason.
A treasonous person is called a traitor.
Outside the field of law, the word "traitor" can be used to describe a person who betrays a group to which he or she belongs.
These accusations can often be unclear when the accused do not consider themselves to be in the group.
Persons accused of treason can be many.
During the Reign of Terror many thousands were executed as traitors.
After World War II many thousands of Soviet soldiers who had been prisoners of war were immediately sent to Gulag as traitors.
In different countries
Section 80.1 of the Criminal Code in the schedule of the Australian Criminal Code Act 1995 defines treason.
A person is not guilty of treason if his help is purely humanitarian.
Section 46 of the Criminal Code defines two types of treason.
They are "treason" and "high treason".
It is also illegal for any Canadian citizen to do anything defined in the code outside Canada.
High treason is punished by life in prison.
Treason is punished by life in prison at most, or up to 14 years in prison.
New Zealand has treason laws that are stated under Section 73 of the Crimes Act 1961.
The punishment is life in prison, except for conspiracy.
The punishment for conspiracy is 14 years at most.
Treason was the last crime to be punished by death in New Zealand.
Treason is defined in the United States Constitution in Article III, Section 3.
However, Congress has made laws that punish other actions that hurt national security.
Some examples are the 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts, or the 1917 Espionage Act.
The punishment for treason in the United States is death or at least five years in prison, and at least a $10,000 fine.
In addition, traitors cannot hold any office in the United States.
Riots happen when many people meet to be violent.
This can happen after sports events, demonstrations or as a protest.
Rioters damage cars, buildings and attack other people, among other things.
The police are brought out to stop riots.
In the Western world, they use shields and fight with soft weapons, for example with water cannons or rubber bullets, as well as with batons.
When riots really get out of control, police also use tools that can hurt people, such as tear gas and pepper spray, and they put the rioters under arrest.
Riots are very dangerous and can lead to certain deaths at times.
Johann Strauß I (born Vienna, 14 March 1804; died Vienna, 25 September 1849) was as Austrian composer, conductor and violinist.
He and his family were famous composers of dance music, especially waltzes.
He is usually known as Johann Strauss I or Johann Strauss Sr (Senior), while his son, who was also called Johann, is usually known as Johann Strauss II or Johann Strauss Jnr (Junior).
The waltz was just becoming popular in the early 19th century and Johann Strauss I wrote many delightful waltzes and other dance music for the court balls.
His most famous tune is the Radetzky-March which became a musical symbol of the power of the Habsburg monarchy.
People from Vienna
Austrian musicians
Classical musicians
Musicians from Vienna
Johann Strauss II (born Vienna, October 25 1825; died Vienna June 3 1899) was an Austrian composer, conductor and violinist.
His father, also called Johann, was also a very famous composer, and is now known as Johann Strauss I (or Johann Strauss Sr) while his eldest son is called Johann Strauss II (or Johann Strauss Jr).
Strauss became very famous for his waltzes.
He was known as the “King of the Waltz”.
His most famous one was called An der schönen, blauen Donau (known in English as The Blue Danube).
His father wanted him to go in for banking, but the young Johann took violin lessons in secret from a man called Franz Amon who was the leader of his father’s orchestra.
He continued his violin studies with Anton Kohlmann, a violinist who helped ballet dancers to learn the music they had to dance to.
He was still only 18 when he got his own orchestra together and gave his own concert which included six of his own waltzes and some of his father’s.
He was soon becoming more famous than his father.
After his father died in 1849 the two orchestras joined into one and the young Johann was their conductor.
He was given the title “k.k.
Hofballmusikdirektor” (meaning; Musical Director of the Court Ball).
He was always especially busy during Carnival time when there were lots of balls in Vienna.
He toured most of Europe with his orchestra, even going to Russia where he conducted some music by Tchaikovsky.
Johann Strauss II was becoming the “king of the waltz”, the most famous musician in Austria.
Johann Strauss II wrote two operas: Die Fledermaus (The Bat) and Zigeunerbaron (Gypsy Baron).
They are full of fun: lively music and jokes which can sometimes be made different in each performance: the singers can put in their own jokes about modern times.
Sometimes they are called operettas because they are so light-hearted.
They are a mixture of Hungarian and Viennese atmosphere.
Together with his brothers Josef and Eduard, Johann had complete control of the balls and concerts in the houses of the rich people in Vienna.
Wherever he went he was surrounded by lots of admirers.
His waltzes are still as popular as ever, and millions of people in different countries hear them on television on New Year's Day when they are played by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra at their traditional New Year’s Day concert.
1825 births
1899 deaths
The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the head of the United States House of Representatives.
The Speaker is elected by the current members of the House.
The person with the most votes becomes Speaker.
The current Speaker is Democrat Nancy Pelosi of California.
The Speaker has always been a member of the majority party (the party with the most members) but does not have to be an elected member of the House (this has not happened yet).
The job of the Speaker is to keep the House in order and to assign committee memberships and chairmanships.
It is an important and powerful position in government.
The Speaker of the House is third in line for the Presidency of the United States.
If the President of the United States dies or steps down, the Vice President of the United States becomes President.
If there is no vice president, the Speaker of the House automatically becomes acting president.
List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives
List of living former speakers
is an animated television series, anime, and manga.
The series is about a teenage boy, named Kiyo, who found this boy named "Zatch".
Zatch is actually a Mamodo.
He came from the Mamodo World where hundreds of other Mamodos came from.
However, another Mamodo, named Zeno, somehow erased Zatch's memory.
Zatch can not remember anything of his past in the Mamodo World.
The reason why all the Mamodos are in the real world is to battle.
When one enters the world, they must find a human to be their partner and to use a book of spells that came with them.
Only humans can read the spells and cause the Mamodo to do a certain action.
Examples of these spells would be to create a lightning bolt, create a shield, or move very fast.
As a person becomes stronger physically and emotionally new spells are written into the book so that the human can read and use them.
By burning the book, the Mamodo gets sent back to the Mamodo World.
If the Mamodo gets badly beaten, he will also be sent away.
The last Mamodo standing will be 'King' of the Mamodos.
Zatch decides that he wants to be a Belovelent King or Kind King to stop all the battles.
In their adventure, they come across many enemies and allies.
Kiyo Takamine
Kiyo Takamine is another main character of this story.
He is the partner of Zatch Bell.
And he is very cool.
Tia
Megumi
Megumi is one of Kiyo's friends.
She is the partner of Tia.
And she is a famous Japanese idol.
Zofis
Zofis is one of main antagonists.
He is evil genius.
He likes manipulate others.
Information on the English anime
Harmonics in music are notes which are produced in a special way.
They are notes which are produced as part of the “harmonic series”.
In physics, a harmonic is a wave which is added to the basic fundamental wave.
This article talks about sound waves, which can be understood clearly by looking at the strings of a musical instrument.
When a violinist plays a note on a violin string, the string starts to vibrate very fast.
This vibration makes the air vibrate and the sound waves travel to our ear so that we can hear it.
If the note were absolutely pure the string would move in a perfect sinusoidal shape and produce only one frequency, but instead there are multiple frequencies being produced at the same time along with the main one.
The note played on the violin string makes the string vibrate in a very complicated way.
There is the basic note (the fundamental), but added to that are lots of other little notes that all add up to a sound in a special way that tells us that it is a violin playing and not a clarinet or a human voice.
The higher the note, the faster the string vibrates.
An A above middle C (the violinist’s A string) vibrates at 440Hz (440 times per second).
This is the “fundamental” or “first harmonic”.
The second harmonic vibrates twice as fast (ratio 2:1): 880Hz.
This gives an A an octave higher.
The third harmonic will give a ratio 3:2.
This will be an E (an octave and a fifth above the fundamental).
The higher the harmonic the quieter it is, but the ratio is always a whole number (not a fraction).
Every note that is played on an instrument is really a combination of several notes or “harmonics”, even though we may not realize that we are hearing more than one note at a time.
Play the lowest C on the piano.
Now find the next C which is an octave higher.
Press this key very slowly so that it does not sound and hold it down.
While holding it down play the bottom C again making it loud and very short.
The C that is being held silently will now sound.
This is because the strings of that C are vibrating a little because it is a harmonic of the low C (they can vibrate because the damper is off the string while the note is being held down).
The same can be done holding the next G down, then the next C, then the E. The higher the note the fainter (quieter) the harmonics become.
The musical example below shows the notes of a harmonic series in musical notation.
Playing harmonics on instruments
Musicians sometimes need to play harmonics on their instruments.
In musical notation this is shown by placing a small circle above the note.
A violinist can place their finger very lightly on a string so that it divides the string into half.
They will hear a harmonic (the note an octave higher than the open string).
By placing their fingers in other places they can get more harmonics, e.g. by touching the string a quarter of the way down they gets the next harmonic. “
Artificial harmonics” can be played by stopping a string with the finger in the usual way (so that the string is now shorter) and placing the little finger farther up the string to get a harmonic of the stopped note.
Artificial harmonics are written with diamond-shaped note heads.
They are very hard to play well.
Harpists can play harmonics with their left hand by stopping the string with the side of the hand (near the little finger) and plucking with the thumb or finger.
Up to 3 notes can be played by the left hand.
They can play harmonics with the right hand by stopping the string with the upper knuckle of the second finger and plucking with the thumb.
Only one harmonic note can be played by the right hand.
Harmonics on the harp sound very beautiful.
Players of woodwind and brass instruments play many of their notes by blowing slightly stronger (overblowing) to get a higher series of notes.
Instruments such as the recorder can play chords by making several harmonics sound together, but this is extremely difficult to do well and only found in modern music for virtuoso players.
A hamburger or burger is an American fast food.
It is a type of sandwich with a patty of cooked ground meat between the two halves of a bun.
Tomatoes, onions, cheese, salad and dips may also be added.
The hamburger may be eaten without a knife and fork, so it is a fast food which can be eaten anywhere.
Hamburgers are named for a city in Germany called Hamburg.
They were probably invented in Germany, though what we now know as a hamburger was created in the United States in the 19th century.
Hamburgers appeared on menus in England and the United States in the 19th century, and became a popular food after the 1904 World's Fair.
What is called a hamburger throughout the world today was different than the first German hamburgers; German dishes often involved a steak or sausage between pieces of bread instead of ground meat.
Many American fast food restaurants, such as Burger King, KFC and McDonald's, serve hamburgers.
A cheeseburger is a hamburger that also has cheese.
Hamburgers can be served with other things besides cheese, such as chili.
Richard Marsland (a.k.a.
Armitage Shanks, 1976 - 2008) was an Australian comedy writer, actor, comedian and radio personality.
He was best known for his work on television shows, for example The Glass House and Rove Live.
He also co-hosted on Triple M with Pete Helliar and Myf Warhurst, as well as a daily morning show in Adelaide called AM Adelaide.
He then hosted the Late Date Show with Bessie Bardot on 2DayFM, 92.9 and Fox FM.
In December 2008, Marsland died.
On Air Nicknames
Marsland had many nicknames given to him by the Get This hosts.
They also often refer to his Wikipedia page and the constant battle between Wikipedia moderators and users expanding the list and vandalising the page.
His 'self-assigned' nickname, used as a pseudo-stagename was "Armitage Shanks" (the name of a manufacturer of bathroom fixtures and plumbing supplies)
His favourite nicknames were "Marslando Calrissian" and "Dikipedia"
His least favourite was "Mars Bar"
Alphabetical list of Marsland's nicknames
People from Adelaide
Australian radio personalities
Actors from South Australia
Edward Robert Kavalee (born 30 June 1979) (also known as The Prize King) is an Australian actor and radio host.
Ed is a graduate of Screenwise, Australia's Leading Film & TV School for actors in Sydney.
He is on Santo, Sam and Ed’s Sports Fever!,
with Santo Cilauro and Sam Pang
He was on the Get This radio show on Triple M in Australia with Tony Martin.
He was also part of the cast of Thank God You're Here, and host of TV Burp.
Kavalee is an experienced Theatresports performer, and is part of the ensemble cast on Working Dog Productions' improvised comedy show Thank God You're Here.
Official Ed Kavalee page on Triple M
Get This official page on Triple-M's Melbourne web site
A meow or miaow is a noise made by cats.
There are different types of meows, such as ones that mean the same thing as "hello," ones that ask for food, or ones that let people know when they are annoyed, among other things.
The meow is used by kittens to their mother.
It is a plea for attention, and experts think pet cats use it because they often need owners to do things for them.
Adult cats do not meow to other cats.
Different languages have different ways of spelling "meow."
For example, English has been using the meow spelling since 1842 and before that, it used the miaow, miau, or meaw spellings.
Spanish and German still use the miau spelling while French uses the miaou spelling.
The October Revolution was a revolution in Russia that started on 1917 November 7 (October 25 o.s.).
The Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and Leon Trotsky.
They overthrew the previous Russian Provisional Government led by Alexander Kerensky.
Its uprising started on 24 October.
The Bolsheviks faced little or no opposition.
The insurrection was timed and organized to hand state power to the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which began on 25 October.
After a single day of revolution eighteen people had been arrested and two had been killed.
The Bolsheviks captured telegraph and telephone offices, railway stations, newspaper offices and government institutions.
Red Guards (armed workers), sailors from the Baltic fleet, and parts of the army fought for the revolution.
October revolution
This was the second of two revolutions in the Russian Revolution.
The first part was the February Revolution.
The second was this October revolution.
Some Russians did not like the previous Tsarist government.
In the 1900s Russia was poor.
It lost the Russo-Japanese War.
They only recently ended serfdom, where peasants were forced to farm for nobles who owned the land.
Since Russia is pretty far north, growing food was not easy, and they were often hit by famine and food shortages.
The government was also corrupt: the tsar Nicholas did not listen to the parliament, and Rasputin was murdered.
They industrialized later than western Europe and the US.
So when Russia entered World War I, they lost a lot of soldiers fighting Germany, which was more industrialized.
For all of these reasons, people got angry and blamed the tsar.
In the February revolution, some workers and peasants protested.