the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Endo was selected "J.League MVP" first time and "Japanese Footballer of the Year" second time.
Although he played as regular player for a long time, his opportunity to play decreased in 2020.
In October 2020, he moved to J2 League club Júbilo Iwata.
In April 1999, Endo was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1999 World Youth Championship.
At this tournament, he played all 7 matches as defensive midfielder and Japan won the 2nd place.
After the debut, he became a regular player.
In 2004, he played at 2004 Asian Cup and Japan won the champions.
However he lost his position from 2005.
In 2006, although he was selected Japan for 2006 World Cup, he could not play in the match.
After the 2006 World Cup, Endo became a regular player as offensive midfielder under new manager Ivica Osim and wore the "number 7" shirt for Japan as Hidetoshi Nakata successor.
In 2008, Takeshi Okada became a new manager, he played as defensive midfielder with Makoto Hasebe.
He was selected Japan for 2010 World Cup.
He played all 4 matches and scored a goal from a free-kick against Denmark in a 3–1 win as Japan qualified for the knockout stage.
From autumn 2013, his opportunity to play decreased.
He played 152 games and scored 15 goals for Japan until 2015.
|1998||Yokohama Flügels||J1 League||16||1||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||20||1
|1999||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J1 League||24||4||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||28||4
|2000||29||5||1||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||36||6
|2001||rowspan="20"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="20"|J1 League||29||4||3||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||36||5
|2002||30||5||1||0||8||1||colspan="2"|-||39||6
|2003||30||4||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||38||4
|2004||29||9||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||32||9
|2005||33||10||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||39||10
|2006||25||9||4||1||0||0||5||3||34||13
|2007||34||8||4||0||8||1||colspan="2"|-||46||9
|2008||27||6||3||0||1||0||10||3||41||9
|2009||32||10||4||3||2||0||6||1||44||14
|2010||30||3||2||2||0||0||3||0||35||5
|2011||33||4||0||0||0||0||7||1||40||5
|2012||34||5||4||3||2||0||4||1||46||9
|2013||33||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||5
|2014||34||6||5||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||45||6
|2015||34||5||4||0||3||1||12||0||53||6
|2016||34||2||2||0||3||1||5||1||44||4
|2017||31||1||1||0||4||0||7||0||43||1
|2018||34||1||1||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||41||1
|2019||28||1||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|2020||11||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|2020||rowspan="2"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="2"|J2 League||15||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||2
Total||152||15
The Leader of the Opposition in New Zealand is the politician who leads the MPs that are not in government in the New Zealand Parliament.
In the debating chamber the Leader of the Opposition sits directly opposite the Prime Minister.
At present, the Leader of the Opposition is Judith Collins of National since 14 July 2020.
The Leader of the Opposition does not have a large official role, but there are several ways in which the Leader of the Opposition takes part in affairs of state.
Often, these relate to national security matters, which are supposed to go past party politics - the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service, for example, has to talk to the Leader of the Opposition as well as the Prime Minister about certain matters.
Politics of New Zealand
The  Premier of Victoria  is the head of the Government of Victoria, Australia.
The Premier does the same job at a state level as the Prime Minister of Australia does at a national level.
Formal power is held by the Queen who is represented in Victoria by the Governor of Victoria.
The Governor acts on the advice given to him by the Premier.
The current Premier of Victoria is Daniel Andrews.
Victoria is governed under the Westminster  system of parliamentary government.
It is a bicameral system with two elected houses.
The lower house is called the Legislative Assembly and the upper house is called the Legislative Council.
After an election, the State Governor appoints as Premier, the leader of the party who can control a majority of the elected members in the lower house.
The Premier must resign if they no longer have a majority in the  Legislative Assembly.
This can happen if they lose seats at an election, or if their own political party does not support them.
Victoria was a British colony, and power was held by the  Governor.
In 1855, Britain allowed Victoria to have its own parliament, and the power was passed to the Premier.
List of  Premiers of Victoria
El Mercurio de Valparaíso is the oldest newspaper of Chile, and the oldest one in the world in Spanish language that is still being published –the first newspaper in Chile was La Aurora de Chile.
It is from Valparaíso, and it was founded in 1827 by typographers Thomas G. Wells, Ignacio Silva Medina and Pedro Félix Vicuña.
The first edition was published in September 12, 1827.
It is claimed that newspaper El Peruano is the oldest one in Spanish language.
El Mercurio de Valparaíso homepage
Newspapers in South America
1827 establishments
19th-century establishments in Chile
Valparaíso - town in the São Paulo state
Valparaíso - river in the Acre state
Valparaíso de Goiás - town in the Goiás state
Valparaíso - neighborhood in Blumenau, Santa Catarina
Valparaíso - neighborhood in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro
Valparaíso - neighborhood São Carlos, São Paulo
Valparaíso - city in Chile
Greater Valparaíso - a conurbation
Region of Valparaíso - a region of Chile
Province of Valparaíso - a province of Chile
Valparaíso - city in the department of Antioquia
Valparaíso - city in the department of Caquetá
Valparaíso, Cáceres, a town in the province of Cáceres, now disappeared, but that originated the most of the American toponyms.
Valparaíso de Abajo, town in the province of Cuenca.
Valparaíso de Arriba, town in the province of Cuenca.
Valparaíso, town in the province of Zamora.
Valparaiso - city in the Indiana state
Valparaíso is a city in Chile, in the central coast del Litoral Central.
It's also the capital of the province and region, and the legislative capital of the country.
The city is part of the Greater Valparaíso conurbation.
The Chilean House of Representatives, the Command in Chief of the Chilean Army, the Fishing Undersecretary, the Fishing National Service, amidst other organizations, are in this city.
The historical part of the city was declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO, in 2003.
Azoximer bromide is a macromolecular compound with high-molecular weight and not proved immunomodulating activity.
It is using in
CIS countries for treatment and prophylaxis of diseases connected with damage of immune system.
It is a N-oxidized polyethylene–piperazine derivative.
Azoximer bromide is sold under the trade name Polyoxidonium.
During his time with the WWF, he won the WWF Hardcore Champion four times where his fourth reign is credited as being the longest in WWF/E History.
He also won the WWF Tag Team Championship one time with Ken Shamrock.
The Big Boss Man's profile at WWE.com
Ray Traylor (Big Bossman) at Findagrave.com
The population of Chilliwack was 77,936 in 2011.
The mayor of Chilliwack is Ken Popove.
The Stó:lō people lived in the area between 5,000 and 10,000 years ago.
The population grew from 1857 to 1859 when gold was found in the Fraser Canyon.
Over 40,000 gold miners had traveled to the goldfields and many of them traveled through the Chilliwack area.
Chilliwack was incorporated as a town in 1873 and was the third municipality in British Columbia.
Whitesnake are an English hard rock band formed in Middlesbrough, Cleveland in 1978.
The members of the group are David Coverdale, the singer, Doug Aldrich, who plays the guitar, Reb Beach, who plays the guitar, Timothy Drury, who plays the keyboard and Brian Tichy, who plays the drums.
Snakebite (1978)
Trouble (1978)
Lovehunter (1979)
Ready an' Willing (1980)
Come an' Get It (1981)
Saints & Sinners (1982)
Slide It In (1984)
Whitesnake (1987)
Slip of the Tongue (1989)
Restless Heart (1997)
Good to Be Bad (2008)
Whitesnake's official website
Musical groups from Yorkshire
Today, printers are found throughout the world.
Newspaper printers, that are often owned by newspaper publishers
Magazine printers, that are usually independent of magazine publishers
Book printers, often not directly connected with book publishers
Stationery printers
Packaging printers
Commercial printers, often offering digital and traditional printing services
Famous printers
Jodocus Badius
Henry Estienne
William Caxton
Colard Mansion
Ottaviano Petrucci
Christoffel Plantijn
Johann Froben
Hieronymus Froben
Charlotte Guillard
Jacob Meghapart
Grigor Marzuantsi
Mkhitar Sebastatsi
Voskan Yerevantsi
diq:Neşırxaney
Kristina Bernadette Cojuangco Aquino (born February 14, 1971) is a Filipino actress and television host.
She is the fourth daughter of Former President Corazon Aquino and Former senator Ninoy Aquino and sister of president Benigno Aquino III.
List of infectious diseases in humans
Lists of diseases
List of infectious diseases causing flu-like syndrome
List of ICD-9 codes 001-139: infectious and parasitic diseases
Chin J. B., ed.
Control of Communicable Diseases Manual.
17th ed.
APHA [American Public Health Association] Press; 2000.
Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases.
American Academy of Pediatrics.
28th ed.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov.
Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
The University of  Melbourne is  in Melbourne, Victoria.
Opened in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia, and the oldest in Victoria.
The  main campus is in Parkville, just north of the Melbourne CBD.
It has several other campuses across Victoria.
It has one of the largest financial endowments of any Australian university, standing at $1.105bn as of 2008.
Public recognition
Melbourne is one of the top universities in Australia and the world.
In Australia it has a leading position in business, education, engineering, arts, law and medicine.
It is the second largest research organisation in Australia after the CSIRO.
In 2008, it spent AU$653.7m on research.
Students and staff
The university has over 35,000 students, and nearly 7,200 staff members.
In 2008 it changed the way it organized its courses.
This to be like way American and European universities work.
The idea was to link to the European Union's Bologna process and get international acceptance for its degrees.
many people were unhappy with these changes.
Professor Glyn Davis AC is Melbourne's current vice-chancellor.
Melbourne University was started by the Victorian Parliament in 1853.
Classes began in 1855  with three professors and 16 students.
The buildings were officially opened by the Lieutenant Governor of the Colony of Victoria, Sir Charles Hotham,  on 3 October 1855.
The first chancellor, Redmond Barry (later Sir Redmond), held the position until his death in 1880.
At first all the buildings were built in the gothic revival style.
In the 1950s a modernist style was started as the new "house style", resulting in the mix of university buildings seen today.
The opening of the university was made possible by the wealth coming from the Victorian gold rush.
The university was to be a "civilising influence" at a time of rapid settlement and commercial growth (Selleck, 2003).
It was not a religious university and was not allowed to offer in degrees in divinity.
The churches could only build colleges on only the northern edge.
The local population wanted 'useful' subjects like law, not 'useless' subjects like classics.
The people of Melbourne won this argument, and law was introduced in 1857, and medicine and engineering in the 1860s.
Women were let into courses in 1881.
In 1902 the university was bankrupt when it was found out that the man in charge of the university's money, Frederick Dickson, had stolen ₤24,000.
The university's annual budget was £15,000.
Dickson was jailed for seven years.
This resulted in a royal commission that came up with new ways of funding, and new courses including agriculture and education.
Related books
Selleck, R.J.W. (2003).
The Shop: The University of Melbourne,  1850–1939.
Melbourne: University of Melbourne Press.
930pp
Poynter, John & Rasmussen, Carolyn (1996).
A Place Apart – The University of Melbourne: Decades of Challenge.
Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
ISBN 0-522-84584-3.
Macintyre, S. & Selleck, R.J.W. (2003).
A short history of the University of Melbourne.
ISBN 0-522-85058-8.
Colleges and universities in Australia
Fabiano Luigi Caruana, (born 30 July 1992 in Miami, Florida), is a chess grandmaster.
He has dual citizenship of Italy and the United States.
Fabiano plays for Italy in team events.
He became a grandmaster at the age of 14 years, 11 months and 20 days, making him the youngest grandmaster in the history of Italy and the United States.
Fabiano won the 2018 Candidates Tournament, which gave him the chance to play Magnus Carlsen for the title of World Chess Champion.
Caruana and Carlsen played 12 games using Classical time controls.
All of these games ended in a draw.
This is the only time in the history of the world chess championship that all classical games have ended in a draw.
On 28 November, rapid chess was used as a tie-breaker; Caruana lost three games in a row, and Carlsen kept his title as World Chess Champion.
A twig is a small, thin branch.
people can study twigs to identify plants, especially in winter when they have no leaves.
The 97th edition of the Tour de France took place from 3 to 25 July.
The winner was Andy Schleck, because Alberto Contador was disqualified.
The Prologue is held in Rotterdam in the Netherlands.
After Amsterdam in 1954, Scheveningen in 1973, Leiden in 1978 and s'Hertogenbosch in 1996, Rotterdam is the fifth city in the Netherlands to have hosted the start of the Tour de France.
Classification leadership
Best Young Riders' Classification
Team Classification
List of paticipants
Race Rules
During this Tour de France, 3,27 million € are distributed.
At the start, each team receives 51 243 €.
In return, each team presents in the arrival with at least seven riders obtained a prime of 1 600 € per rider present.
Helmets are obligatory for all stages.
Yellow Jersey
It rewards the overall leader, adding the times achieved on each step.
In case of equal time in the general classification, the hundredths of a second recorded by the timekeepers at the time trial "individual" are reintroduced into the total time to separate athletes and decide the attribution of the Yellow jersey.
Arrival on a flat stage : 35, 30, 26, 24, 22, 20, 19, ... 1 point for the 25th ranked rider.
Arrivals on a medium mountain stage: 25, 22, 20, 18, 16, 15, ... 1 point for the 20th ranked rider.
Arrival on a mountain stage : 20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 9, ... 1 point for the 15th ranked rider.
Arrivals on an individual time-trial: 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 point to the first 10 finishers.
Sprints (two or three by stage): 6, 4 and 2 points in the first 3.
Mountain Classification
Climb off-categorized :  20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 7, 6 and 5 points for the first 10 finishers.
Climb of 1 category : 15, 13, 11, 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 points for top 8 finishers.
Climb of 2 category : 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 points for the first 6 riders.
Climb of 3 category : 4, 3, 2 and 1 point for the first 4 finishers.
Climb of 4 category : 3, 2 and 1 point for the first 3 finishers.
Best Young Rider Classification
The classification is reserved for young riders born in 1985 or later.
The first of them in the general classification is declared leader of the best young rider.
The general team classification is established by adding the three best individual times from each team in all stages.
After the last stage, the team credited with the shortest time is declared the winner of the team standings.
Combativity award
The combativity award reward the rider who was the most generous in the effort and showing the best sportsmanship in the stage.
After the last stage a Super Competitor is designated by members of the Jury of the Tour de France.
2010s in Belgium
2010s in France
2010s in the Netherlands
A Growth ring is the ring of growth found in some living organisms, such as trees.
Some animals such as shells and corals also have annual growth rings.
Counting the growth rings shows how old the organism is, or was when it stopped growing.
For example, the growth rings in furniture, walls and other wooden items can be counted.
How tree rings are developed
Tree rings grow under the bark, and the bark is pushed out while the tree is growing.
The inner part of a growth ring is formed early in the growing season, when growth is fast and is known as early wood.
The outer portion is the late wood, and is denser than early wood.
Many trees in places with hot summers and cold winters make one growth ring a year.
For the entire life of a tree, a year by year record or ring pattern is formed that reveals the climate conditions in which the tree grew.
If a tree grows in a dry place, you can tell its age better than when it grows in a wet place.
Switching in between bad and good conditions can result in several rings forming in one year.
Tree ring growth patterns are affected by the climate, weather, rain, temperature, soil pH, plant nutrition, carbon dioxide concentration, and sunspots.
Rings happen because of the change in growth speed through winter, spring, summer and fall, so one ring usually marks the passage of one year in the life of the tree.
Tree rings are more visible in places where the seasons change between hot and cold.
Enough moisture and a long growing season result in a wide ring.
A dry year may result in a very narrow ring.
Trees from the same area will tend to grow the same pattern of rings.
Tree growth rings can tell us about the ancient climate and growth rings can be used to tell the age of a tree.
Growth rings can also be used to date the wood in old buildings, ships and frames for paintings.
Tree rings are used to make radiocarbon dating more accurate.
Albert Esch (2 April, 1883 in Eisgrub, Mähren – 26 September, 1954 in Vienna) was an Austrian landscape architect in the 20th century.
Balmaceda was born in Bucalemu, in 1838.
In 1865, he became one of the representatives of the government of Chile at the South American General Congress at Lima, and after his return, he obtained great distinction as an orator in the national assembly.
He became Minister of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior under the presidency of Domingo Santa Maria.
He was elected President in 1886.
On January 1, 1891 he claimed his intention to terminate an "intolerable situation", by refusing to convoke the assembly, and he ordered to continue the collection of taxes.
This action provoked the Chilean Civil War of 1891, which ended with the overthrow of President Balmaceda, who later committed suicide on September 18, in the anniversary of his elevation to the Presidency.
Article on 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Ozymandias  is a sonnet by Percy Bysshe Shelley.
It was published in 1818 in the 11 January issue of The Examiner, a journal in London.
It is probably Shelley's most famous short poem.
The poem has been noted for its skillful diction, and its powerful themes and imagery.
The central theme of Ozymandias is the inevitable (unavoidable) ruin of leaders and empires.
The message is that all leaders and the empires they build will always end up as nothing, however mighty they are.
The name Ozymandias comes from a transliteration into Greek of the throne name of Ramesses II.
The sonnet paraphrases (copies in different words) the writing on the base of a statue of Ramesses.
The statue is called Younger Memnon and it is from Thebes (it is now in the British Museum).
The writing on the statue was recorded by Diodorus Siculus in his Bibliotheca historica.
It reads: "King of Kings am I, Osymandias.
If anyone would know how great I am and where I lie, let him surpass one of my works".
Audiorecording of "Ozymandias" by the BBC.
LibriVox recording of "Ozymandias", selection 22, read by Leonard Wilson.
Representative Poetry Online: Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822), "Ozymandias"  (text of poem with notes)
ESCP Business School is an European higher studies establishment.
The school is in 6 places, in Paris, France, in the United Kingdom (London), in Spain (Madrid), in Italy (Torino), in Poland (Warsaw), and in Germany (Berlin), where it is a university.
It is the oldest business school in the world established in 1819.
and therefore presents itself as "The World's First Business School".
ESCP website
Education in France
Norwich International Airport  is an airport in the city of Norwich, United Kingdom.
Norwich has regular flights to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, ran by KLM, which have been operating for many years.
Other services, run both internationally (normally via Schiphol), or within the British isles.
An IATA airport code, is a three-letter code that can be used to identify airports.
This removes the need to write the name of the airport in full every time it is needed, instead an IATA code can be used.
An important use of these codes is on baggage tags.
They will display the IATA code for the airport which the bags should be heading to, should they get lost.
he:יאט"א#קוד יאט"א
The code is made up of four numbers or letters.
These are not the same as IATA codes, which are often simpler, and are made to sound like the airport's name.
For example, people who fly from Heathrow airport, are likely to know it best as either Heathrow, or by its IATA code: LHR.
They are less likely to know its ICAO code: EGLL.
Boston is the largest city of Massachusetts in the United States.
It was founded in 1630.
Boston is one of the oldest, richest and most culturally important cities in the United States.
Boston was founded on September 7, 1630, by Puritan colonists from England.
Boston's early European settlers called the area Trimountaine (Three Mountains).
They renamed the town for Boston, England, in Lincolnshire because many important "Pilgrim" colonists came from there.
Most of Boston's early citizens were Puritans.
Shortly after Boston's settlement, Puritans created America's first public school and America's first university, Harvard University (1636).
Harvard is in the city of Cambridge, which is across the Charles River from Boston.
Until the 1760s, Boston was America's largest city.
During the early 1770s, the British tried to control the thirteen colonies with taxes.
This made people from Boston start the American Revolution.
The Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, and several early battles happened in or near the city.
It held its first town meeting in Faneuil Hall in 1743.
Boston continued to grow and attract immigrants from around the world.
Many immigrants came from Ireland, and gave Boston a very Irish culture that remains today.
President John F. Kennedy was a member of an Irish-American family that lived in Boston.
Many immigrants also came from Italy, and lived in Boston's North End, where Italian culture remains, with various Italian stores, restaurants, bakeries, and homes.
Boston is located on the Shawmut Peninsula.
The city covers 48 square miles.
Boston Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean is located east of the city.
A much larger metropolitan area surrounds Boston.
The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill, at 330 feet above sea level.
The lowest point is at sea level.
Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an ocean coastline.
Boston has a continental climate with some ocean effects.
Summers are normally warm to hot, rainy, and humid, while winters alternate between periods of cold rain and snow, with cold temperatures.
Spring and fall are usually mild.
Existing wind patterns that blow offshore lower the effect of the Atlantic Ocean.
The hottest month is July, with an average temperature of .
The coldest month is January, with an average of .
Extremes have ranged from  on February 9, 1934, up to  on July 4, 1911.
Boston's location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature, but makes the city very likely to suffer from Nor'easter storm systems that can produce much snow and rain.
The city averages  of precipitation a year, with  of snowfall per year.
Boston has a culture that is quite similar to New England, such as a New England accent and foods that are mostly seafood, salt, and dairy products.
Irish-Americans are very important in Boston's politics and religious activities.
Boston people also have a style of talking which is called Boston slang.
It is often thought that Bostonians have a strong sense of culture.
Perhaps this is because Boston is famous for being a very intellectual place, with much of its culture coming from its universities.
The city has many complex theatres, including the Cutler Majestic Theatre, Boston Opera House, Citi Performing Arts Center, the Colonial Theater, and the Orpheum Theatre.
The headquarters of Unitarian Universalism (UU) is located in Boston.
The Christian Science movement has also made its home in the Boston area.
Boston has many historic places and Bostonians take pride in their city's history.
The American Revolution began in Boston, and many of its leaders, such as Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Hancock, and Paul Revere were from the city.
Many of the sites from the Revolution are preserved in the city, including Faneuil Hall, the Old State House, Park Street Church, and others.
These form the "Freedom Trail", a walk that takes visitors past many historic places in the city.
Boston today
Boston is one of the United States' most important cities in education and health care.
Boston and the towns around it contain many of the country's leading universities.
Harvard, MIT, and Boston University are some of the most famous.
Professional sports are an important part of life in Boston.
The Red Sox play baseball at Fenway Park, the oldest stadium in Major League Baseball (1912).
The Celtics, a basketball team, and the Bruins, a hockey team, both play at the TD Garden.
Boston's football team, the New England Patriots, play in Foxborough, a town 22 miles south of the city.
In 2013, the population of Boston was 645,966.
The population has grown 9.6% since 2000.
Boston has 13,339 people per square mile.
The population is 47.8% male and 52.2% female.
The racial breakdown is shown in the Racial Groups table.
The people from outside the United States are 178,805.
27.7%  of the population come from outside of the United States.
Homeless Population
The unemployment rate in Boston is 5.9% since June 2014.
The 35th annual homeless census from 2015 said there were 7,663 homeless men, women, and children in Boston.
The homeless population increased 5.6% since 2013.
The number of homeless people sleeping on the streets decreased by 22.8% since 2013.
However, the number of adults in emergency shelters has grown by 10.9%.
In 2015, the homeless family population increased by 25%.
The total number of homeless men, woman, families and children increased by 20.9% from 3,541 to 4,281.
Mayor Marty Walsh announced his goal to help those in need for a permanent housing solution.
Agencies such as Pine Street Inn, Boston Healthcare, Project Hope, and Boston Public Health Commission are helping the homeless.
The homeless are helped by reducing family evictions.
Property management companies and nonprofits, such as Project Hope and the Department of Neighborhood Development, will increase affordable housing options.
Boston Public Health Commission and the Department of Neighborhood Development will work together to provide support for treatment options and shelters.
The Wyman Re-Entry Center has a 90-day residential substance-abuse and recovery program.
The Safe Harbor serves adults with HIV.
The project SOAR stands for Stability, Opportunity, Achievement, and Recovery, and helps clients maintain a healthy lifestyle and provide support in moving to permanent housing.
Over 85.6% of the population ages 20 years and over in Boston have a high school diploma or higher in 2013.
Those with a Bachelor's degree or higher make up 45.2% of the population.
Baystate College
Bunker Hill Community College
Fisher College
New England College of Business and Finance
School of the Museum of Fine Arts Boston
Simmons College
Wheelock College
The MBTA runs the city's subway (known as "the T"), commuter rail, buses, and ferries.
The main airport for the city is Logan International Airport.
Boston: A to Z (2000), Thomas H. O'Connor,
Built in Boston: City and Suburb, 1800–2000 (2000), Douglass Shand-Tucci,
Lost Boston (1999), Mariner Books,
Boston: A Topographical History, Third Enlarged Edition (2000), Belknap Press,
When in Boston: A Time Line & Almanac (2004), Northeastern,
Gaining Ground: A History of Landmaking in Boston (2003), Nancy S. Seasholes,
Boston's Secret Spaces: 50 Hidden Corners In and Around the Hub, (2009), Globe Pequot; First edition
AIA Guide to Boston, 3rd Edition: Contemporary Landmarks, Urban Design, Parks, Historic Buildings and Neighborhoods, (2008),  Michael Southworth and Susan Southworth, GPP Travel,
Boston: A Pictorial Celebration (2006), Jonathan M. Beagle, Elan Penn (photographer),
City in Time: Boston (2008), Jeffrey Hantover, Gilbert King (photographer),
Mapping Boston (2001), Alex Krieger (editor), David Cobb (editor), Amy Turner (editor), Norman B. Leventhal (Foreword by) MIT Press,
Boston Beheld: Antique Town and Country Views (2008), D. Brenton Simons, University Press of New England,
Boston (2010) by Jordan Worek; photographs by Bill Horsman, Firefly Books,
City of Boston official website
Greater Boston Chamber of Commerce
Greater Boston Convention and Visitors Bureau
WikiSatellite view of Boston at WikiMapia
Mayor Marty Walsh
Boston Public Health Commission
The Parti Québécois (PQ) is a political party that wants sovereignty for the province of Quebec.
The party wants Quebec to become its own country, or secede from Canada.
The Parti Québécois, or PQ was founded by René Lévesque.
PQ's main goals are to get independence for Québec.
In the provincial election of 1976, the Parti Québécois was elected to the government of Québec for the first time and René Lévesque, became the premier of Quebec.
Many French people in Québec were happy to see the Lévesque as premier, while many English people were not happy..
The PQ passed a bill called Bill 101.
This bill is a law that makes French the languages used most in Quebec, even though English and French are the languages spoken in Canada.
The party was elected again in the 1981 election, but in November 1984 founder René Lévesque left the party and the PQ lost the 1985 election.
The Parti Québécois  started the first Quebec referendum, having the citizens vote to decide to either leave Canada or stay a part of the country.
60 per cent of the people who voted decided to stay in Canada.
The PQ had a second referendum in 1995.
The citizens once again voted to stay in Canada.
The leader of the party, Jacques Parizeau, quit after the referendum failed.
The current Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe was the first to announce that he would to try to become the leader of the PQ, on May 11, 2007.
Pauline Marois also said she was going to try to become leader, but Duceppe changed his mind on the 12th leaving Marois the only candidate.
On  June 26, 2007 Marois won the leadership.
Pauline Marois is the current leader of the PQ.
She has said that the PQ plans to have another referendum in the future.
On September 4, 2012, Marois led her party to minority victory in the Quebec general election, thus becoming the first female premier in the province's history.
After an electoral defeat in 2014, she resigned.
The current leader of the PQ is Jean-François Lisée, elected in 2016.
Relationship with the Bloc Québécois
The Bloc Québécois is a federal political party in Canada that was made in 1990 by future PQ leader Lucien Bouchard.
The Bloc also wants sovereignty for Québec.
The two parties help each other during elections.
Parti québécois website
Parti québécois' parliamentary group website
Wheel gymnasts do exercises in a large wheel known as the Rhönrad, gymnastics wheel, gym wheel, or German wheel.
There are three main categories of exercise in wheel gymnasts.
They are: straight line, spiral, and vault.
While being a child, Otto Feick, the son of a blacksmith from Reichenbach, Germany, used to roll down a hill in two wagon tires which inspired him later to invent the wheel gymnastics between 1920-1922.
The current wheel gymnastics obtained its final shape in 1974 with the introduction of the PVC coating.
Now, it's a competitive sport practiced in Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, Japan, and United States of America.
USA Wheel Gymnastics
Japan Rhoenrad Association
Trampolining is a competitive Olympic sport in which gymnasts perform airborne acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline.
These can include simple jumps in the pike, tuck or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward or backward somersaults and twists.
There are two related competitive rebound sports: synchronized trampoline and double mini-trampoline.
The currently accepted basic format for individual trampoline competitions usually consists of two or three routines, one of which may involve a compulsory set of skills.
The skills consist of various combinations of somersaults, shaped bounces, body landings and twists performed in various body positions.
In the early 1930s, an American gymnast George Nissen observed trapeze artistes performing tricks when bouncing off the safety net.
He made the first modern trampoline in his garage to reproduce that net on a smaller scale and used it to help with his diving and tumbling activities.
It was the beginning of a new sport.
In the USA, trampolining was quickly introduced into school physical education programs and was also used in private entertainment centers.
Since trampolining became an Olympic sport in 2000, many countries have started developing programs for producing very competitive athletes.
Directory of Trampoline Clubs worldwide at Open Directory Project (DMOZ)
Everything about trampolining and acrobatic sports
Priapulida (priapulid or penis worms) are a phylum of marine worms.
Their name refers to their extensible spiny proboscis, which, in some species, may have a shape similar to that of a human penis.
They live in the mud, which they eat, in comparatively shallow waters up to .
Their nearest relatives are probably Kinorhyncha and Loricifera with which they constitute the taxon Scalidophora.
Besides arthropods and velvet worms, the priapulids are the only members of the Ecdysozoa which are relatively large in size.
They feed on slow-moving invertebrates, such as polychaete worms.
Priapulid fossils are known at least as far back as the Middle Cambrian.
They were probably major predators of the Cambrian period.
There are only sixteen known living species of priapulid worms.
Kinorhyncha  is a phylum of small (1 mm or less) marine invertebrates.
They are widespread in mud or sand at all depths of the sea.
They are sometimes called mud dragons.
About 150 species are known.
Kinorhynchs eat either diatoms or organic material found in the mud, depending on species.
Kinorhynchans are segmented, limbless animals.
Their body has a head, neck, and a trunk.
The trunk has eleven segments.
They do not have external cilia, but have a number of spines along the body, and up to seven circles of spines around the head.
These spines are used for movement.
They can pull back the head and push forward; then they can grip the substrate with the spines, and draw up the body.
The body wall is a thin layer with a tough cuticle.
It is moulted several times during growth.
This layer is a syncytium, with nuclei, but no cell membranes.
The spines are hollow and covered by cuticle.
The head is completely retractable, when is covered by a set of neck plates.
The nervous system is a ventral nerve cord, with one ganglion in each segment, and an anterior nerve ring surrounding the pharynx.
This is the common arrangement  for invertebrates.
Some species have simple ocelli (eye-spots) on the head, and all species have tiny bristles on the body as touch receptors.
There are two sexes that look alike.
A pair of gonads are in the mid-region of the trunk, and open to pores in the final segment.
In most species, the sperm duct has two or three spiny structures that presumably help in copulation.
The larvae are free-living.
Their closest relatives may be the phyla Loricifera and Priapulida.
Together they are the Scalidophora.
Order Cyclorhagida
Order Homalorhagida
Introduction to the Cephalorhyncha
Drawings of Kinorhyncha
Loricifera  is a recently discovered ecdysozoan phylum of marine animals.
The phylum includes the first animals known to exist in a completely anoxic environment (no oxygen at all).
The phylum was described in 1983 by Reinhardt Kristensen.
They are a phylum of very small animals which live in sediment.
There are now twenty-two described species, in eight genera.
In addition, there are about 100 more species which have been collected, but not yet described.
Their size ranges from 100 µm to about 1 mm.
Their habitat is in the spaces between marine gravel to which they attach themselves.
They are among the most recently discovered groups of Metazoans.
They attach themselves quite firmly to the gravel, and this explains why they remained undiscovered for so long.
The first specimen was collected in the 1970s, and later described in 1983.
They are found at all depths of water, in different sediment types, and in all latitudes.
They have not yet been found in the fossil record.
These animals have a protective outer case called a lorica.
Protected by the lorica, the animals have a head, mouth and digestive system.
Development is usually direct, though there are larvae in some species.
The animals have two sexes as adults.
There are some complex and flexible life cycles with different forms of parthenogenetic reproduction.
Their closest relatives are thought to be the Kinorhyncha and Priapulida, with whom they share some characteristics.
Together they make up the clade Scalidophora.
In anoxic environments
Three species of Loricifera have been found in the sediments at the bottom of the L'Atalante basin in the Mediterranean Sea.
The 'surface' of this basin is 3,500 meters down.
They are the first multicellular organisms known to spend their entire lives in an oxygen-free environment.
It is thought they are able to do this because they rely on organelles which, unlike normal mitochondria, do not use oxygen for their energy cycle.
They are able to do this because they use hydrogenosomes to get their energy rather than mitochondria.
The newly reported animals complete their life cycle in the total absence of light and oxygen, and they are less than a millimetre in size.
They were collected from the deep basin where they live in a nearly salt-saturated brine.
This brine, because of its density, does not mix with the waters above.
As a result, the brine is completely anoxic, and high in ammonia.
Also, due to the action of sulphate reducers, it contains sulphide at a high concentration.
In the brine, the abundance of cells is not high.
Extremophiles predominate, including members of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent community of archaea and bacteria.
Eukaryotes are also found in l'Atalante, including ciliates (45%), dinoflagellates (21%) and choanoflagellata (10%).p360–381
Saturation is the point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance.
This point of maximum concentration, the saturation point, depends on the temperature of the liquid as well as the chemical nature of the substances involved.
If a change in conditions (e.g. cooling) means that the concentration is higher than the saturation point, the solution has become 'supersaturated'.
In organic chemistry, a saturated chemical compound has no double bond or triple bond or ring.
In non-cyclical, saturated hydrocarbons, every carbon atom is attached to two hydrogen atoms, except those at the ends of the chain, which have three hydrogen atoms.
In biochemistry, the term saturation refers to the fraction of total protein binding sites that are occupied at any given time.
Applies to enzymes, and molecules like hemoglobin.
In organometallic chemistry, an unsaturated complex has fewer than 18 valence electrons and thus is susceptible to oxidative addition or coordination of an additional ligand.
Unsaturation is characteristic of many catalysts because it is usually a requirement for substrate activation.
A sulphide (sulfide in US English) is an anion of  sulphur in its lowest oxidation number of -2.
Sulphide is also a term for thioethers, a common type of  compound which are known for their bad odours (example: H2S = hydrogen sulphide).
The dianion S2- exists only in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions.
In chemistry, a sulphate (sulfate in US English) is a salt of sulphuric acid.
The sulphate ion is a group of atoms with the formula SO4 and two negative charges.
It consists of a central sulphur atom surrounded by four equivalent oxygen atoms.
It occurs when sulfuric acid is deprotonated twice.
If it is only deprotonated once, the hydrogen sulfate ion is made.
It is about 190 km (~120 miles) west of the island of Crete.
It is called a 'lake' because, though it is under more than two miles of water, it is almost completely separate from the sea above it.
Its huge salt content prevents the waters mixing.
Sometimes these lakes are called brine pools.
They are found in many oceans; there is one in the Gulf of Mexico.
How it formed
L'Atalante is only one of several such lakes underneath the normal waters of the Mediterranean.
When the Strait of Gibraltar was closed, about six million years ago, the Mediterranean dried up and became a huge salt lake, rather like the Dead Sea and the Great Salt Lake are today.
Then it dried out completely, leaving an enormous amount of salt.
When the Straight of Gibraltar opened again about five million years ago, water from the Atlantic Ocean rushed in to form the Mediterranean we see today.
Even today, the Atlantic feeds the Mediterranean with water, because the evaporation from the 'Med' is greater than is provided by its rivers.
With its huge supply of salt underneath, and the constant evaporation, the Med is a high salt sea compared with the Atlantic.
The L'Atalanta lake and its neighbours the Urania and Discovery lakes are about 35,000 years old.
They were formed by salt deposits dissolving out of the Mediterranean Ridge and collecting in deep depressions at the bottom of the Med.
L'Atalante is the smallest of the three.
Its surface begins at about  below sea level.
Salt content
L'Atalante's salinity (salt content) is near saturation, at 36.5%, about eight times more than seawater.
This prevents the water in the brine pool from mixing with the 'normal' seawater above.
Without mixing, oxygen from above can't get into the brine pool.
The basin's water is completely anoxic: it has no oxygen.
Between the normal water and the brine is a short (1.5 metres) boundary zone called a halocline.
The salt content rises sharply there, and oxygen reduces towards zero.
This halocline between the seawater above and the brine below has many bacterial and archaeal cells: they are chemoautotrophs, which feed on ammonia from the brine but cannot function without some oxygen.
Certain methane oxidizers and haloarchaea are found only in the halocline.
Life without oxygen
Below, in the brine, the number of cells is much lower than in the halocline.
Extremophiles are most common, including some of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent archaea and bacteria.
Eukaryotes are also found in l'Atalante, mostly ciliates (45%), dinoflagellates (21%) and choanoflagellata (10%).p360–381
The dark grey anoxic sediments at the bottom of L'Atalante lake are covered with a  loose black layer.
Microbes found in the sediments are almost all (90%) various species of Bacillus.
In 2010, three metazoan species, all in the Loricifera phylum, were discovered living in the sediment, the first multicellular lifeforms known to live entirely without oxygen.
Tactical voting happens when a person votes for someone other than their favorite candidate in a way to either help their favorite or achieve some other goal.
This may happen in national or local elections, or even in elections for clubs and homeowner associations.
Say 5 people are running as candidates for board members, but only 3 will be elected.
For the following situations except the last, let's say you get 1 vote.
Your favorite is almost guaranteed to win a seat on the board, so you may choose to vote for your second favorite candidate to help him out.
That gives your two favorites a better chance of winning.
Your favorite is almost guaranteed to lose, so you may choose to vote for your second favorite candidate to help him out.
That gives your second choice a chance of winning even though your favorite may lose.
Your favorite is uncertain to win, so you may choose to vote for a stronger candidate, rather than see someone else win.
You don't have a favorite, but hate the current leading candidate, but you may choose to vote for somebody with less votes to even out the results between them.
Say you get to vote for 3 candidates and your favorite is in the middle of the pack.
You may choose to vote only for your favorite and not use your other 2 votes so that your favorite faces less competition.
Another common situation happens in primary elections, where members of one party may temporarily 'cross over' to the other party to support a candidate who is getting fewer votes, hoping their favorite will face weak competition in the main election.
This type of negative voting is popular but often considered unethical.
Many experts question tactical voting in that it can undermine a democratic outcome.
That is, ethical voters may believe it more important how a candidate wins than who wins.
Others feel the end justifies the means.
Most researchers tend to frown on tactical voting.
Svensson, Lars-Gunnar (1999).
The Proof of the Gibbard-Satterthwaite Theorem Revisited
The Science of Elections, Brams, Herschbach Science Online (2001).
Tactical Voting Can Be a Weak Strategy -- Article on tactical voting within larger strategic considerations [archived]
VotePair.org VotePair is a banding together of the people who started tactical voting online in the 2000 US elections
Voting methods page  Includes extensive discussion of strategic voting in a wide range of real and theoretical voting systems
Queensberry were a German girl group that was started at the German version of Popstars in 2008.
They split in 2013.
The Strait of Gibraltar is the only water passage between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
It is between Europe and Africa; on one side is the southern tip of Spain and Gibraltar, and on the other is northern Morocco and Ceuta.
The distance between the Rock of Gibraltar and Morocco is only 7.7 nautical miles (14.24 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point.
Hurricane Fran was a hurricane during the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season.
This storm caused over $3 billion in damage.
It killed 20-30 people.
Fran struck North Carolina as a strong Category 3 hurricane with winds of .
The name Fran was later retired and replaced by Fay for the 2002 Atlantic season.
Hurricane Fran started from a tropical wave that moved off the western coast of Africa, entering the Atlantic Ocean, on August 22.
The low pressure area became a tropical depression on August 23.
Little changed for several days.
By August 26, the storm had been disorganized.
On August 27, the storm grew into a tropical storm and was named Fran.
On August 29, the storm intensified into a category 1 hurricane.
The interaction with Hurricane Edouard led to weakening and the storm took a northwestward direction.
When Edouard was gone, the storm grew into a category 1 hurricane again.
Fran grew in early September.
By September 3, it the winds were at .
The system started to develop an eye.
By September 5, winds were at 120 mph (195 km/h) and its pressure was 946 mbar.
On September 6, the storm hit North Carolina with winds of .
Once on land, the storm rapidly weakened.
It moved through Virginia.
A Hurricane Watch was issued in the Lesser Antilles in late August.
As Fran moved away, the watch was ended.
Diabetes mellitus type 1, also called type 1 diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that results in high blood sugar.
This is because the body cannot create enough of the hormone insulin.
People with this condition are insulin dependent - they require insulin injections without which they may die.
People with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of stroke, heart disease or gangrene.
About 15% of people with diabetes have type 1.
Type 1 diabetes is a condition caused by a lack of insulin in the body.