the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
When a police officer takes a person to prison when he or she is not supposed to, that is called false imprisonment or false arrest.
Torts involving property
Torts involving property include walking on someone else's property without permission, taking someone else's property without permission, or damaging someone else's property.
Walking on someone else's property without permission is called trespassing.
Taking someone else's property without permission is called stealing or .
A lawsuit occurs when two people or organizations ask a court or judge to solve a disagreement or argument.
The two (or more) participants in a lawsuit are called the parties.
Each party is usually represented by a lawyer.
That means that the lawyer will talk to the judge for the party.
The party that starts the lawsuit is called the plaintiff because they are complaining about something the other side has done.
This is also called "suing", or to "sue".
The other party is called the defendant because it must defend what it has done.
Both sides or parties will show evidence or proof that they are right and the other side or party is wrong.
The parties may also ask witnesses questions about what the argument or disagreement is about.
After both parties have shown evidence and asked witnesses questions, the judge or jury will decide which party is right.
Then the court will do something to make the winning party happy again.
The court might make the losing party pay the winner money, or it might make the losing party stop doing something that made the winner unhappy.
The conduct of a lawsuit is called litigation.
The plaintiffs and defendants are called litigants and the attorneys representing them are called litigators.
The term litigation may also refer to criminal trial.
Chamber music means music written for small groups of instruments.
A “chamber” is a “room” (from the French word “chambre”).
Usually the word “chamber” in English means a room in a large house or castle.
In the days when people with big houses or castles kept their own musicians, they might have their own private orchestra which played in the large hall.
Sometimes there would be a concert in a small chamber.
This was called “chamber music”.
Chamber music can be any group of instruments from two up to nine.
Each player will be playing something different from the others (“one to a part”).
Unlike an orchestra where there may be many violins all playing the same notes.
The word “chamber” is also used for a “chamber orchestra” meaning: a small orchestra.
By contrast: a large orchestra is often called a “symphony orchestra”.
A small choir may be called a “chamber choir”.
But these examples are not usually thought of as “chamber music”.
Words for the size of groups
These words are used to show how many people are playing.
They can also be used for groups of singers (vocal solo, duet etc.):
a solo is just one player (or singer).
This is not usually called chamber music.
a duet or duo is a piece for two instruments.
The word “duo” usually means a piece in which the two parts are of equal importance.
Violin sonatas, flute sonatas etc.
usually have piano accompaniment but are not normally called “duets”.
Piano duets are for two players at one piano.
a trio is a piece for three instruments.
Piano trios are pieces for piano, violin and cello.
Sometimes trios may be called after one of the instruments, for example: Brahms’ “Horn Trio” is for French horn, violin and piano, not for three horns!
a quartet is a piece for four instruments.
They are for two violins, viola and cello.
A piano quartet would be for piano, violin, viola and cello.
a quintet is a piece for five instruments.
A string quintet can be for two violins, two violas and cello (e.g. Mozart’s string quintets) or it can be for two violins, viola and two cellos (e.g. the one by Schubert).
A piano quintet is for piano and string quartet (although Schubert’s Trout Quintet is unusual: it is for piano, violin, viola, cello and double bass).
a sextet is a piece for six instruments.
String sextets are normally for two violins, two violas and two cellos.
Poulenc’s Sextet is for piano and five wind instruments.
a septet is quite unusual and could be for any combination of instruments.
Beethoven, Saint-Saëns and Ravel all wrote septets, but for different combinations.
an octet is for eight instruments.
Schubert’s Octet is for clarinet, horn, bassoon, string quartet and double bass.
Mendelssohn’s Octet is for two string quartets.
a nonet is quite rare.
Louis Spohr wrote a nonet for violin, viola, cello, double bass, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and French horn.
Chamber music for instruments became popular as something different from big orchestras.
The orchestra developed in the 17th century and so did chamber music.
Composers wrote trio sonatas which were for two high instruments (e.g. two violins) and a continuo accompaniment (usually harpsichord and cello).
Arcangelo Corelli and Johann Sebastian Bach wrote many trio sonatas.
Joseph Haydn wrote lots of string quartets.
He made this combination popular.
Mozart and Beethoven also wrote some very great string quartets.
The last ones that Beethoven wrote were very difficult to play and to understand, but composers of the 19th century like Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn and Brahms were inspired by them.
In the twentieth century some of the best string quartets were written by Bartók and Shostakovich.
Playing chamber music
It is great fun to play chamber music because each player is an individual.
It is like having a conversation in music.
There is no conductor, so each musician has to listen carefully to the others and learn to play together as a small team.
The musicians can also hear their own playing better than they can in an orchestra.
Some living composers have written a lot of music for young players who are not very advanced.
Some of Mozart’s earlier string quartets are not too difficult and make an excellent introduction to chamber music playing.
Stefano Mei (born 3 February 1963 in La Spezia) was an Italian long distance runner in several international athletics (also called track and field) events.
Mei won the silver medal in the 5,000 metre race, and the gold medal in the 10,000 metre race during the 1986 European Championships in Athletics in Stuttgart, Germany.
Mei also won a bronze medal in the 10,000 metre race during the 1990 European Championships in Athletics, in Split, Yugoslavia (now Croatia).
He competed in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics.
1986 European Championship results
1990 European Championship results
Italian athletes
Italian Olympians
The Bielsko-Biała Museum is a museum at Bielsko Castle, Poland.
Since the 1970s there are three local branches: the Julian Fałat Museum, the Museum of Technology and Textile Industry and the Weaver's House Museum.
The castle was built in the 14th century by the Piast family, the rulers of the Cieszyn Duchy in Poland, the castle was used as one of their residences for over two centuries.
In 1752 the Bielsko state became a duchy owned by the Sulkowski family.
The castle was their property until 1945.
After World War II the castle was taken over by the Polish State.
Since 1983 its only owner has been the Bielsko-Biała Museum.
The permanent exhibition in the castle
In the west wing of the building the hunting room and armoury are located.
The next two rooms display three centuries of art history from the 15th to the 17th century.
Neighbouring with these rooms are a rococo concert hall and a Biedermeier room.
The castle's east wing contains a gallery of the 19th and 20th century painting and graphic art.
Next rooms located in the north wing display an exhibition of the history of the city and castle, as well as craftsman traditions of old Bielsko and Biała.
The east wing of the castle is occupied by art gallery (the 19th century paintings displayed here include works of art representing realism and academism, Młoda Polska (Young Poland) paintings, works of artists connected with Bielsko-Biała during the twenty years of independence after World War I and during the modern times)
Museum of Technology and Textile Industry
The museum shows traditions of wool industry in Bielsko-Biała, by means of collecting machines, equipment and documents.
The exhibits are stored in four rooms and show the look of old textile factory A separate room displays machines for making hats and the history of Bielsko-Biała fire brigade.
There is also a little printing office and a room where all the historical household equipments, radio sets, typewriters etc.,
are being stored.
The weaver’s house
Reconstruction of the weaver’s house and workshop owned by a guild master.
It shows live and work in 19th and 20th centuries.
There are two main rooms – workshop on the left and living room on the right, with a kitchen and a bedroom.
The weaver’s house is an original example of the old wooden house.
It tries to show craftsman’s work.
Julian Fałat’s villa
The museum of Julian Fałat in Bystra Śląska is housed in a historical villa of the artist, called “Fałatówka” and its visitors can see the art and some biographical documents of the artist.
This is the house where the artists lived after he stoped being a headmaster of the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts.
The exhibition presents oil paintings and watercolours: self-portraits, portraits of his family and friends, landscapes from his travels and hunting scenes.
Museums in Europe
Buildings and structures in Poland
Education in Poland
Circumcision is an operation in which the foreskin is removed.
In common speech, someone who has been circumcised is described as cut while someone who is not is described as uncut.
For example, one teenaged boy might ask another teenaged boy, "Are you cut?"
While this is slang English, it is not considered profanity.
Circumcision may be done by a doctor using a surgical tool, such as scissors, a plastic tool called a plastibell device, or it may be done with a laser.
If the doctor uses a laser there is almost no bleeding.
Medical Conditions that Male Circumcision Protects Against Over the Lifetime
Urinary tract infection;
Penile inflammation, for example, balanitis, balanoposthitis, lichen sclerosus;
Candidiasis;
Phimosis and paraphimosis (when the foreskin is too tight)
Inferior hygiene;
Sexually transmitted infections including high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), genital herpes simplex virus (HSV), trichomoniasis, mycoplasma, syphilis, chancroid, and HIV;
Physical injuries to the foreskin, including coital injuries;
Cancers of the penis, prostate, and cervix.
Religious reasons: Most Jewish and Muslim males must be circumcised.
Jewish boys are typically circumcised when they are 1 week old.
Muslim boys are usually circumcised at any time from moments after birth all the way up to puberty, depending on family, region, and country.
In some tribes, especially in Africa, a teenage boy must be circumcised.
Otherwise, his family and the people in his village will not treat him as a man and he will not be able to marry.
In Western culture (especially in the United States), parents circumcise their sons because it is easier to keep the penis clean and it is more common.
Many men and teenage boys in Western countries ask for circumcision simply because they like the appearance.
Benefits and criticisms
No major medical organization recommends universal circumcision of neonatals (newborns), and no major medical organization calls for banning it.
People disagree about whether circumcision is a good for health and sexual pleasure.
People who think circumcision is a good idea may point to health reasons.
Circumcision reduces sexually transmitted diseases like HIV and HPV, prevents certain kinds of cancer, and gets rid of infections and unpleasant smells under the foreskin.
If circumcision is done soon after birth, it makes it less common for baby boys to get urinary tract infections (UTIs).
UTIs can cause permanent damage to the kidneys.
Many people think a penis looks better if it is circumcised.
A study done in the United States found that the women prefer a circumcised penis, to look at and in sexual activity, especially if they are going to put their mouth on the penis.
In countries where most boys are circumcised as babies, parents sometimes think that uncircumcised boys will be teased.
Some boys are mean to a boy if his penis looks different.
Bullying was a bigger problem in the past when boys had to take showers together at school after gym class or before swimming.
People opposed to routine circumcision are called intactivists.
Reduces the risk of HIV Infection
Decreased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs / STDs) - Circumcised men might have a lower risk of certain sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
Still, safe sexual practices remain essential.
Provides health benefits for sexual partners - by getting circumcised, you not only reduce your own HIV and STI risk, but your partner’s too.
Better hygiene - Circumcision makes it simpler to wash the penis.
Also, when a guy is not circumcised, moisture can get trapped between his penis and the foreskin, which creates an ideal environment for bacteria to grow.
Removing the foreskin gets rid of the wet, warm and dark environment that can sustain viruses such as HIV and other sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis, herpes and chancroids.
Eliminates bruising and tearing during sexual intercourse
Reduces the risk of penile cancer - Although cancer of the penis is rare, it's less common in circumcised men.
Being circumcised reduces your female partner’s risk of cervical cancer.
Decreased risk of urinary tract infections - The overall risk of urinary tract infections in males is low, but these infections are more common in uncircumcised males.
It can be difficult to keep an uncircumcised penis fresh 100% of the time.
Circumcision simplifies the task of keeping the penis clean and keeps you fresher, giving you more confidence
Myth: Circumcision affects a man’s ability to make his partner pregnant.
Truth: Circumcision has no effect on a man’s ability to make his partner pregnant.
There are other factors such as fertility that play a role here.
Myth: Circumcision leads to a loss of sexual function and pleasure.
Truth: Although there can be some minor loss in sensitivity at the tip of the penis, MMC does not lead to a loss of sexual function and pleasure.
In fact, several studies conducted among men after adult medical male circumcision suggest that very few men report their sexual functioning to be worse after circumcision.
Most men report either improvement or no change.
One study, conducted in 2015, determined that the foreskin does not provide a sexual response or serve a sexual function in men.
Instead, it is the corona and frenular (the area under the frenulum) areas which provide sexual response due to the high concentration of genital corpuscles.
Out of a large sample of Kenyan men in a controlled trial, 74.8% of men reported higher penile sensitivity two years after circumcision, while only 7.1% reported lower penile sensitivity two years after circumcision.
It was deduced that even a retracted foreskin would tend to reduce the stimulus to the corona and frenular areas, particularly on the outward stroke of intercourse.
The study determined that “any sexual effect of circumcision must depend solely on the exposure of the glans and not on the absence of the prepuce.”
The study concluded that male circumcision has no adverse effect on parameters relevant to sexual function, sensation, sensitivity, satisfaction, or pleasure.
The area of the outer and inner foreskin combined spans a wide range: 7–100 cm2 and 18–68 cm2 respectively.
In discussing vestigial structures, Charles Darwin stated, “An organ, when rendered useless, may well be variable, for its variations cannot be checked by natural selection.”
The variability in foreskin size is consistent with the foreskin being a vestigial structure.
Those who believe that the foreskin is important for sexual pleasure are against circumcision.
Others do not like circumcision because they believe it has no medical advantage, or that it is easy to clean under the foreskin, or that circumcision harms the penis or the mind.
People who do not like circumcision of baby boys say doctors and parents should not make this decision.
They say that the owner should choose when he is old enough to decide for himself.
However, it will hurt more if done at a later age.
There are 8 large groups of circumcised men:
Many African blacks who are not Muslim
Most Spanish people from Andalusia
Majority White Americans and African Americans from the United States
According to the CDC, the latest data (from NCHS) on male circumcision in the United States show a 2.5% overall increase in prevalence in males aged 14 to 59 years between 2000 and 2010.
In contrast, there has been a decline of 6.1% in newborn circumcisions.
The newborn circumcision rate in the US dropped slightly from 83.3% in the 1960s to 77.2% in 2010.
The main reason for this 6 point drop is most likely the much faster increase in the Hispanic population, the ethnic group having the lowest circumcision prevalence.
The growing Hispanic population in the West accounts for most of the decrease in national prevalence.
Because Hispanic and black individuals are over-represented in poorer demographics, the withdrawal of Medicaid funding for elective circumcision in 18 states is of concern to public health, as was also expressed by the authors of the CDC’s recent report.
After controlling for other factors, states with Medicaid coverage had hospital circumcision rates 24 percentage points higher than states without such coverage.
Many, but not all, private health insurance plans pay for circumcision.
A study of 96,457 male babies in the state of Maryland found that 75% of new baby boys were circumcised before they left the hospital.
More were circumcised in a religious ceremony or in a doctor's office later.
With those boys included, 82% of baby boys in Maryland got circumcised.
It was less common for Asian Americans and Hispanic babies than for White Americans and African Americans babies.,
In Judaism, religious law orders that baby boys be circumcised on the 8th day after their birth.
This is required even if the 8th day after birth is Shabbat (Saturday).
In the Jewish faith, circumcision is an important tradition because it represents the newly born baby being included in the covenant (or agreement) which God made with the prophet Abraham.
A mohel is someone who circumcises Jewish baby boys eight days after they are born in accordance with Jewish law.
A knife is traditionally used for this, but a clamp is now sometimes used instead.
Mohels are traditionally male, but most types of non-orthodox (not fully traditional) types of Judaism allow women to be mohels without restriction.
For Jews who observe religious law, the circumcision is performed at a ceremony called a Brit milah.
Family, relatives and guests attend.
Others, such as Reform Jews may choose to have the circumcision done in a hospital before the baby goes home.
They may have a celebration afterwards, or after the birth of a baby girl for whom there is no ritual act.
In the Quran, no sura or ayat mention male or female circumcision.
However, there are some injunctions of the prophet Muhammad that explain and command only male circumcision, as a continuation of Abrahamic/Hebraic tradition.
For example, the prophet Muhammad said in a hadith that "Five are the acts which are part of  fitrah: Circumcision, clipping or shaving the pubic hair, cutting the nails, plucking or shaving the hair under the armpits and clipping (or shaving) the moustache".
Also, according to the Qur'an, Allah ordered Muhammad to follow the religion of Ibrahim (the Hebrew Abraham): "Then We inspired you: 'Follow the religion of Ibrahim, the upright in Faith'." —(
Qur'an 16:123)
Many Islamic scholars say that is an important ritual and a symbolic step of purification along the lines of Abrahamic tradition.
Most Shafi Islamic Jurists (judges) say that circumcision is required for men.
It is an accepted tradition in almost all Islamic sects and among most Islamic scholars and theologians.
Circumcision is also important within Islam because Islam claims to be the 'truth' and the 'continuation' of the old and true message of Ibrahim/Abraham.
According to Islam, God's covenant with Abraham was passed on to Muhammad, whose mission was to continue the covenant.
The covenant is continued, according to Islam, through several steps, including male circumcision.
The Quran discusses this covenant in detail in several places, including sura 14 (Ibrahim – Abraham).
Age of men illustration
There are two hadiths which are linked to the acceptance of male circumcision in Islam.
They also show how circumcision may have been used to keep track of dates in tribal Arabia:
Ibn Jubayr Sa'id reported: "Ibn `Abbas was asked the following question: 'How was it with you, [when] the Prophet, peace be upon him, died?,'
he said, 'I was circumcised at that particular time because the men were usually only circumcised when they became sexually mature.'"
[Sahih al-Bukhari No.
6299]
6300]
a. An Arabic word, literally meaning 'nature' or 'natural' – here it signifies doing the right thing or natural thing.
b. Reported in both hadith collections of al-Bukhari and Imam Muslim.
Islamic culture
The Moirai (The Fates) were the three goddesses of destiny in Greek mythology.
They were Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos ().
They controlled the life and destiny of everyone.
Clotho spins the thread of life (begins a person's or creature's life), Lachesis measures it (looks at the how long it currently is), and Atropos cuts the thread.
When the thread is cut the person dies.
The Moirai are capable of destroying an immortal.
The decisions of the Moriae about a person's life cannot be changed.
Even Zeus is powerless to change their will.
The parents of the Moirai are not surely known.
Some said they were the daughters of Zeus and the Titaness Themis, or more likely of primordial beings like Nyx, Chaos or Ananke.
Wikisource – The Free Library – is a project by Wikimedia.
Its goal is to make a free wiki library of source texts.
It has translations into many languages.
It began on November 24, 2003.
Its name was "Project Sourceberg" (a play on words for Project Gutenberg), and its URL was http://sources.wikipedia.org.
On December 6, 2003, members wanted to change the name to "Wikisource", but the URL was not moved to http://wikisource.org until July 23, 2004.
The English Wikisource website
Multilingual portal for Wikisource
2003 establishments
Whaling is the practice of hunting whales.
This is done to get meat and oil, called blubber.
Hunters of whales are called whalers.
Whaling has been done at least since 3000 BC.
Many communities on the coast have done whaling for food for a long time.
They have also killed stranded whales.
Industrialisation started in the 17th century and also affected whaling.
Special ships were built for whaling, and whales were hunted until they were almost extinct.
As technology improved and demand for the seemingly vast resources remained high, far more whales were killed than were born.
In the late 1930s more than 50,000 whales were killed each year.
By the middle of the 20th century, there were not enough whales and they were at risk of becoming extinct.
In 1986, the International Whaling Commission introduced a moratorium on commercial whaling so that whales might recover.
This moratorium was successful, and whale stocks recovered.
There is a debate about whaling in general.
Countries which are in favor of whaling want to do away with the moratorium, so they can again hunt whales as they did before.
Countries and environmental groups say that whaling is immoral and should be banned, and that stocks have not yet recovered sufficiently.
The History of Hunting
Whales have a thick layer of fat under their skin called blubber.
For many years, the Eskimos of Alaska depended on these whales to live.
Every part of a whale was used: the bones, the blubber, and the skin - every bit of it.
In this way, one whale could feed an Eskimo community for a long time.
They were important to the Eskimos.
However, sometimes a good thing can get out of control and become a bad thing.
This was what happened in whale hunting.
Whale blubber was not used only by Eskimos.
Soon it became a product everybody wanted.
This was because before electricity was invented, blubber was used as oil for lamps.
They also used whale blubber to oil machines and make expensive makeup.
Because of this, people hunted and killed whales to make money.
The whalers found out the paths whales liked to take in the ocean, and killed them mercilessly.
It was a dangerous and frightening job.
Whalers would jump into a small boat and follow the whale.
Once they were close to it, they would throw a  that was attached to a very long rope into the whale.
The end of this harpoon was not at all like a spear.
It had a switch blade on the end that would stay in the whale's skin.
Once the harpoon was in the whale, the whale would start swimming as fast as it could.
The whale might swim day and night with no stop for several days.
Eventually, the tired and hurt whale would stop.
The whalers would then kill the whale with one last harpoon.
When the animal died, the whalers would haul the whale onto the ship (big or small), skin it, then boil the blubber for the oil.
Soon, boats began getting bigger.
Whalers began using a harpoon like before, but the harpoon has a grenade inside.
This was very cruel way of killing whales as it hurt them a lot.
The whale would then have blood coming out of its blowhole.
This meant the whale would die soon.
Sometimes entire whale families were found, and as many were killed as possible.
Because of whaling, several kinds of whales became almost extinct.
More happily, whales are protected by conservation laws that stop people from killing too many of them.
Also, chemists invented many products that take the place of whale blubber, and kerosene replaced whale oil in lamps.
Now, many countries have agreed not to hunt whales, because otherwise all the whales might die.
They signed a treaty agreeing on this though Norway and Japan still hunt whales.
Russia and the United States also practising whaling, on a much smaller scale.
(Japan still does hunt often, however).
An opinion is something a person or a group of people think.
"What is your opinion?"
is like saying: "What do you think about it?"
The person's answer might start with: "In my opinion..........." or "I think........."
Sometimes companies try to find out what people think about something by asking many people their opinion.
This is called an "opinion poll" and the people who do it are "pollsters".
They might be trying to find out whether people think something is good or bad, such as electricity or exercise or Wikipedia, or whether one politician or beer or sport team is better than another.
A school year is the time of year when students go to school.
In some countries, it starts after summer, and goes to the next summer.
The typical school year in the United States ranges from 170 days to 190 days.
In the south, a school year is 180 days for students and 190 days for teachers.
en:Academic term
An audience is a group of people that see, hear or otherwise experience the same thing.
It may be many different kinds of thing, such as a play, a movie, a book, or a broadcast.
Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art; some live performance events invite the audience to be part of the performance, while others allow only applause and criticism.
Mass media seldom provide for audience participation.
An audience at a sporting event are called spectators or  a live audience
This page is about 'group' in the common sense.
For the mathematical concept, see Group (mathematics).
Examples of groups
A family of people
A herd of animals
A class of students
A sports team
The apples on a tree
The hats in a box
Britain, China, France, Russia, and the United States of America are in the United Nations Security Council.
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus are a group of chemical elements that life needs.
A side-scrolling video game or 2D game is a video game where the player goes toward one side of the screen, either to the left or the right, although this is different for each video game.
A famous side-scroller is Super Mario Bros. The character usually moves from left to right but sometimes it is the other way around.
In the golden age of video games, Side scrollers were a big thing and they still are to this day.
Eating is taking in food to get energy or nutrients or for enjoyment.
People and animals need to eat because they cannot make their own food inside their bodies like plants.
All plants' energy comes from the sun.
Plants take the sun's energy, and they are eaten by other animals as food.
The animals then eat each other for the energy.
However, many people can not stop themselves from eating, and they become fat or obese.
You can become fat by eating the wrong, unhealthy types of food and by eating too much.
When a plant collects energy from the sun through its leaves, it is called photosynthesis.
If a plant gets too much food, it can just store it until later.
They use this stored food during the winter.
When you are proven to be fat or obese through your body mass index (BMI), it means you are heavier than the average for your height.
The taller you are, the heavier you should be, in theory.
If someone is too heavy to be called fat, then they are called obese.
When someone eats too much of one thing, they become fat.
Someone can eat junk food, but they can also balance themselves by also eating fruits and vegetables.
A bathroom (also known as a restroom, washroom, toilet or lavatory) is where people go for personal hygiene activities.
This includes use of the toilet, wash their hands, brush their teeth, take a bath, or take a shower.
The room may also contain a sink, often called a "wash basin", “hair basin” or "hand basin" (in parts of the United States) and often a "lavatory."
In the United States, "bathroom" mostly means "a room containing a lavatory."
In other countries this is mostly called the "toilet".
The word "bathroom" is also used in the United States for a public toilet or "restroom."
Bathrooms also have bathroom cabinets.
Baths go back to 3,000 B.C. Usually, a town would have a special building for people to take baths, which sometimes were part of a religious ceremony.
Starting in the 16th century, public baths started declining.
People at this time started building baths inside their homes.
Usually, a full bath will have a toilet, a sink, a bathtub, and/or a shower.
If a bathroom has only a toilet and a sink, then it is called a half bath or a powder room.
A master bath is connected to a master bedroom for the use of whoever lives in that bedroom and no one else.
A shower is where a person cleans themself by using water.
They stand up when they use a shower and usually do not wear clothes in a shower.
Showers have a shower head that squirts out water usually from above.
There are different kinds of showers.
One is a "power shower" where there are many jets of water from all around.
Another is the one in the picture.
Some are in baths, and others are on their own.
Gangtok is the capital of the Indian state of Sikkim, It has a population of 50,000.
It is located at a height of 1,780 metres in the Himalayan Mountains .
It is small town, filled with different cultures and religions living together.
The city has wide roads, flyovers, markets, a modern hospital, schools, colleges and universities, fast food shops, discothèques, and all other modern amenities.
One imposing man-made landmark of the town is the 200 ft-high TV tower which overlooks the town and is near the Enchey Monastery below Ganesh Tok.
Settlements in Sikkim
A transposing instrument is a musical instrument that does not play the notes you might think it will play.
But all the notes differ from the real notes by the same musical interval.
So a song played on the transposing instrument will sound familiar, but played in a different key.
That is because the transposing instrument is tuned above or below what the usual notes would be, and always above or below by the same number of notes on a scale.
The usual notes are called "concert pitch".
Most non-transposing instruments, like pianos, are tuned to play in the key of C.
When writing music for a transposing instrument, or teaching how to play the notes, the entire series of notes is written and described as notes moved up or down a number of semitones.
For example: playing the note that is called "C" on a B flat clarinet, produces the note that is called "B♭" when played on a piano.
All transposing instruments such as "horn in F" or "alto saxophone in E♭" mean F and E♭ in normal notes ("concert pitch").
The note "C" as written and played on the horn in F will sound like an "F" , and the same "C" written for the alto saxophone in E♭ will sound like "E♭".
Woodwinds, especially the recorder and clarinets, are transposing instruments.
Saxophones and most brass instruments are transposing instruments.
Historical notation
The use of transposed notation (writing notes higher or lower than they really are) probably started with the slow changes in how to make instruments.
There was a "clarinet in C" when Mozart was alive, but was later replaced by the larger, richer sounding "clarinet in B♭".
There was no change to how clarinet players had to move their fingers.
That helped players change from the older instrument to the newer instrument.
Maybe learners of the modern day instrument in B♭ could re-learn how to use their fingers, so they could play with normal notes.
But all written music would have to be transposed back to "concert pitch".
Natural harmonic series and timbre
Instruments such as horns and woodwinds have a natural harmonic series, so it is easier and louder to play in certain keys.
So that needs to be remembered when writing music for these instruments.
Also, these instruments can only be played in tune in certain keys, because of a problem with something called "equal temperament".
Which keys will work depends on which key the instrument was tuned for.
Having transposing instruments makes it possible for pipes to play in several different keys.
The fingering can remain the same.
Only the key the music is written in, the notes that harmonize with that key, and timbre (what the note sounds like, not just which key it is) change as the different sizes of instrument are used.
A cor anglais is like an oboe but a fifth lower (Five notes of a scale.
A written C sounds like an F).
Any oboe player can play the cor anglais, reading the music and playing with normal oboe fingering.
It will automatically sound a fifth lower.
Compare this to recorders which are not transposing instruments.
On a descant recorder, the note played with three fingers of the left hand (1-2-3-0-0-0) is a G.  To play a G on a treble (alto) recorder the fingering is 1-2-3-1-2-3.
This can be confusing at first, but with practice players can get used to changing between the different sizes of recorder.
Professional clarinet players will need two clarinets: a B flat and an A clarinet.
Some clarinet cases are made to hold both instruments.
Some clarinet players also play the bass clarinet.
This is also in B flat, but sounds an octave lower than the ordinary B flat clarinet.
There is also an E flat clarinet which sounds a minor third higher than written.
Saxophones transpose into different keys according to their sizes.
Brass instruments come in several different keys.
It is always important for a player to come to a rehearsal or concert with the correct instrument.
Often brass players become skilled at transposing.
That means, if their music is written in the wrong key for the instrument on which they are playing, they can still play it in the right key.
Transposition or transposing in music means playing or writing music in a way that makes it sound higher or lower.
This can be done by playing or writing the music in a different key, or by playing or writing it up or down an octave, without changing the key.
Transposing is a useful skill for people who play an instrument, especially the piano, organ, or some other keyboard instrument.
If a pianist is accompanying a singer and the song is a little too high for the singer’s voice, it is very useful if he is able to transpose it down so that the music sounds in a lower key.
For example, if the music is written in the key of C major, it could be transposed down a whole tone so that it sounds in B-flat major.
Most electronic keyboards and organs these days have buttons which can set notes to transpose automatically.
This can be very useful, although it may be confusing for people with absolute pitch.
How to transpose
It is a good idea for people who play keyboard instruments or other kinds of transposing instruments to practise transposing.
There are two ways to do this:
Transpose each note, one at a time.
For example, when transposing from C to B-flat major, each note has to be one tone lower: an A becomes a G, a G becomes an F, an F becomes an E-flat, and so on.
By watching or hearing the intervals between the notes in of the music and thinking of the same thing in the new key.
For example: when a note leaps up a major third in the old key, the same needs to happen in the new key.
There is another possibility which sometimes works: by thinking in a different clef.
For example, someone who is used to reading music in the alto clef, such as a violist, can transpose up a tone from music written in the treble clef by imagining it was written in the alto clef and playing an octave lower (a note on the middle line in the treble clef is a B, but in the alto clef it is a C).
They could also imagine the new key signature of 2 sharps – it becomes a C sharp.
It is very important to understand key signatures in order to be able to transpose.
This is why it is so useful to practise scales.
The Erinyes (or Eumenides) were the goddesses of revenge in Greek mythology.
They are also known as the Furies.
These three female divinities were named Alecto, Tisiphone, and Megaera.
The Erinyes were born from Mother Earth and the blood of Uranos.
They avenged family crimes such as matricide and patricide.
They also tormented evil men in the "Hell" of the underworld, Tartarus.
The Erinyes forever followed a person who did a crime.
They even could make the person go mad.
They are often shown with snakes on their heads, blood coming out of their eyes, and looking horrific.
In stories
A well known story about the Erinyes is that of Orestes.
Orestes' mother Klytaimnestra, and her lover Aegisthos, killed Orestes' father Agamemnon.
The god Apollo told Orestes to kill the murderers of his father, which he did.
Orestes was then pursued by the Erinyes for his crime.
With the help of Athena and Apollo Orestes went to a court in Athens.
It was decided that Orestes acted correctly and nobody should hurt him.
Even the Erinyes accepted the decision, and from then on they were also called Eumenides, which means "the kind ones", because they could also let people go in peace if their crime was done for a good reason.
The Theoi Project, "The Erinyes"
The subcontinent was once part of Gondwana, the ancient southern supercontinent.
Geologically, the origin of the Himalayas is the impact of the Indian tectonic plate travelling northward at 15 cm per year to slowly hit the Eurasian continent, about 40-50 million years ago.
The formation of the Himalayan arc resulted as the lighter rock of the seabeds of that time were easily uplifted into mountains.
About 50 million years ago, this fast moving plate had completely closed the Tethys Ocean.
The existence of the Tethys has been proved by sedimentary rocks settled on the ocean floor, and the volcanoes that fringed its edges.
Since these sediments were light, they crumpled into mountain ranges rather than sank to the floor.
The Indian plate is still driving horizontally below the Tibetan Plateau, which forces the plateau to move upwards.
The Indo-Australian plate is still moving at 67 mm per year, and over the next 10 million years it will travel about 1,500 km into Asia.
India News In Tamil
A slang term for lesbian
Another word for levee, a long wall or bank built to hold water, or to separate land areas
Dyke (geology), where magma or sediment cut across normal rock formations
Another word for diagonal pliers, a hand tool used by electricians and others
Dike, the Greek goddess of moral justice, one of the Horae
Thallo (or Thalatte)
Auxo (or Auxesia)
Karpo (also Xarpo or Carpo)
Eunomia
Eirene (or Irene)
Alcmene ALK-meen is a person mentioned in Greek mythology.
She is not a goddess, for Alcmene was mortal.
She was the daughter of King Elektryon of Mycenae and his wife Anaxo.
She was the wife of Amphitryon.
She is the mother of Heracles HERR-uh-klees and Iphicles.
Once when Amphitryon was not at home, the god Zeus, seduced Alcmene in the form of Amphitryon.
Alcmene gave birth to Heracles, who was the son of Zeus, and Iphicles, who was the son of Amphitryon.
Zeus wanted to kill her for yet another unknown reason of godlore, but Heracles, one day old, saved her.
Danaë is a person in Greek mythology.
She was the daughter of King Akrisios of Argos.
She is the mother of Perseus by Zeus.
Akrisios was told by an oracle that he would be killed by his grandchild.
Because of that he put his daughter Danaë in a tower where noone was allowed to enter, so she could not have a child.
Akrisios (or Acrisius) is a person in Greek mythology.
He was the King of Argos.
He is the father of Danaë, and grandfather of Perseus.
There they are found by Polydectes, who lets them live with him.
In Greek mythology, Andromeda (, Androméda or Ἀνδρομέδη, Andromédē) is an Aethiopian princess, the daughter of King Cepheus and his wife Cassiopeia.
When Cassiopeia boasted that her daughter was more beautiful than the Nereids, this angered the sea god Poseidon, who sent the sea monster Ceto to ravage the land as punishment.
Desperate, King Cepheus consulted the Oracle of Delphi, who stated that Andromeda must be offered as a sacrifice to the sea monster; Andromeda was then chained to a rock by the shore.
When the hero Perseus saw Andromeda (having flown over after beheading Medusa), he killed the sea monster and saved Andromeda.
They were soon married, with Perseus going on to found the city of Mycenae.
By Perseus, she is the mother of Perses, Alcaeus, Heleus, Mestor, Sthenelus and Electryon as well as two daughters Autochthe and Gorgophone.
Andromeda is also the great-grandmother of Herakles.
In Greek, her name means "ruler of men," from  ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός (anēr, andrós - "[of] man"), and medon ("ruler").
Great Britain, or the United Kingdom (ISO code GB)
Gigabyte (GB) unit of measurement of bytes
Game Boy handheld video game console line
A centaur is a creature in Greek mythology.
It has the upper body of a human, but below the waist it has the body of a horse.
There are also female centaurs.
Bruntál is a small city in the Czech Republic.
Bruntál is in the Hrubý Jeseník mountains (part of Nízký Jeseník).
Approximately 20,000 people live there.
Bruntál was probably built in 1223.
Its name is in the Unicov Charter published by Přemysl Otakar I. It is the oldest Czech city with Magdeburg Rights, meaning a city that can have its own wall and judges.
Otakar I gave it these rights because of the gold, silver and other minerals from there.
Tereza Krones  - also known as Therese Krones
Engelbert Adam  - writer
Jan Krištof Handke
Rudolf Templer  - painter
Viktor Heeger  - pedagogue
Karl Anton Gebauer  explorer
Walter Gotschke  self-taught artist
Emmerich Machold
There are 5 primary schools and 6 intermediate schools.
Since 2003, there are 2 universities.
Cities in the Czech Republic
A concerto is a piece of music made for a solo instrument and an orchestra.
When an orchestra plays at a concert they might play a symphony (a piece for orchestra) and they might play a concerto (with a soloist).
If the solo instrument is a violin the piece is called a “violin concerto”, if it is a piano it is called a “piano concerto”, etc.
The orchestra accompanies the soloist.
This means that it is the soloist who decides how fast or slow to play.
The conductor should listen to the way the soloist wants to play and make the orchestra accompany sensitively.
The word “concerto” is an Italian word (the second “c” is pronounced like an English “ch”).
It means “agreeing” or “playing together”.
The English plural is “concertos”.
The concerto became popular during the 17th century in Italy.
Some concertos had several soloists instead of just one.
This kind of concerto was called a concerto grosso.
The Concerto in the Baroque Period
The solo concerto became popular with composers like Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) who wrote over 400 concertos for various instruments.
His most famous concertos are a group of four known as The Four Seasons.
These are violin concertos, and each concerto deals in turn with one of the seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Many other Baroque composers wrote concertos: Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) wrote several concertos for violin although only two have survived, the others have been lost.
He also wrote solo concertos for the harpsichord.
George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) wrote concertos for the organ.
Organs in England were very small in those days and balanced well with an orchestra.
Handel sometimes put pauses in his concertos where the soloist could improvise (make up) some music.
These improvised bits became known as “cadenzas”.
Concertos ever since have cadenzas where the soloist can show how brilliant they are at playing and at improvising.
Some composers wrote their own cadenzas.
The Concerto in the Classical Period
In the Classical period Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) wrote a few concertos including two for the cello, but he is better known for his symphonies.
It was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) who wrote many wonderful piano concertos.
This was at a time when the piano was a new instrument.
Mozart was a brilliant pianist and he wrote most of them for himself to perform.
He also wrote five violin concertos, four horn concertos, two flute concertos and a clarinet concerto.
He also wrote concertos for more than one soloist e.g. a flute and harp concerto and a violin and viola concerto which he called Sinfonia Concertante.
By this time concertos always had three movements: a fast one (usually in sonata form), a slow one, and a fast movement (often a rondo) to finish with.
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) became famous as a pianist before he was known as a composer.
He wrote five piano concertos.
The last one, known in English-speaking countries as the Emperor Concerto, is a very big, powerful work which looks forward to the music of the Romantic period.
Beethoven wrote a beautiful violin concerto.
At the time everyone thought it was too hard for the soloist to play, but as composers wrote harder and harder music the players had to become better and better.
Nowadays every professional violinist should be able to play it.
Beethoven also wrote a Triple Concerto for piano, violin, cello and orchestra.
The Concerto in the Romantic Period
The 19th century is known as the age of Romanticism.
People adored creative men like artists, musicians and writers (the time for women to be equal had not yet come).
They were seen as heroes.
The concerto fitted in very well with this way of thinking.
The soloist was a great hero, and the concerto enabled him to show off his great technique.
The violinist and composer Niccolò Paganini (1782-1840) was one of these great heroes.
He played the violin like no one else had ever done, and because he was a thin, skinny man with a pale face and long hair people thought he looked like the devil.
He wrote violin concertos which at the time only he could play.
Romantic and Modern Concertos
Famous piano concertos after Beethoven’s time include those by  Frederic Chopin (2), Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms (2), Pjotr I. Tchaikovsky (3), Edvard Grieg, Sergei Rachmaninoff (4), Béla Bartók (3),  Sergei Prokofiev (5) and Igor Stravinsky.
Famous cello concertos include those by Antonín Dvořák, Edouard Lalo, Edward Elgar and Dmitri Shostakovich.
Tchaikovsky wrote a piece for cello and orchestra called Rococo Variations and Benjamin Britten wrote a piece for cello and orchestra which he called a “Cello Symphony” because the cello and orchestra are equal in importance.
Brahms wrote a Double Concerto for violin and cello with orchestra.