the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Wedding Date (2005) was Messing's first leading role in a high-profile film.
It received mixed reviews but performed fairly well at the box office.
Messing was featured as a judge on the season finale of the second season of Bravo's reality show, Project Runway.
She also starred in the television mini-series The Starter Wife, which was nominated for ten Emmy awards including one for Messing for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie.
Messing returned to her role as Molly Kagan in a second season of ten episodes of The Starter Wife in 2008.
In February 2009, USA Network announced that The Starter Wife will not be back for another season.
Messing met actor and screenwriter Daniel Zelman, on their first day as graduate students at NYU in 1990.
They married on September 3, 2000, and live in New York City.
On April 7, 2004, Messing gave birth to a son, Roman Walker Zelman.
2000: nominated - Best Actress in a Television Series Musical or Comedy - Will & Grace
2001: nominated - Best Actress in a Television Series Musical or Comedy - Will & Grace
2002: nominated - Best Actress in a Television Series Musical or Comedy - Will & Grace
2003: nominated - Best Actress in a Television Series Musical or Comedy - Will & Grace
2004: nominated - Best Actress in a Television Series Musical or Comedy - Will & Grace
2005: nominated - Best Actress in a Television Series Musical or Comedy - Will & Grace
2008: nominated - Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film - The Starter Wife
2009: nominated - Best Actress in a Television Series Musical or Comedy - The Starter Wife
2000: nominated - Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace
2001: nominated - Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace
2002: nominated - Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace
2003: won - Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace
2006: nominated - Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace
2007: nominated - Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie - The Starter Wife
2001: nominated - Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace
2001: won - Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace
2002: nominated - Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace
2003: nominated - Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace
2004: nominated - Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace'
2004: nominated - Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace 2005: nominated - Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series - Will & Grace 2008: nominated - Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries - The Starter Wife Teen Choice Awards
2001: nominated - Choice TV Actress: Comedy - Will & Grace 2002: nominated - Choice TV Actress: Comedy - Will & Grace 2006: nominated - Choice TV Actress: Comedy - Will & Grace''
Debra Messing's official website
Newsweek interview  (2005)
USA Today interview (May 3, 2002)
Anti-capitalism describes a wide variety of movements, ideas, and attitudes which oppose capitalism, toward social equality or environmentalism.
Anti-capitalists, in the strict sense of the word, are those who wish to completely replace capitalism with another system; however, there are also ideas which can be characterized as partially anti-capitalist in the sense that they only wish to replace or abolish certain aspects of capitalism rather than the entire system.
Bernard  "Buzzy" Hellring was a creator of Ultimate Frisbee.
WHSV-TV, channel 3, is a television station in Harrisonburg, Virginia.
The station broadcasts television programs from the ABC Television Network.
Also known as WHSV News 3, the station is owned by Gray Television and broadcasts from an antenna west of the town of Stanley on Massanutten Mountain.
The station goes to fourteen counties in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia.
WHSV-TV first was WSVA-TV, which meant Serve Virginia Agriculture and had its first broadcast on air in October 1953.
In 1976, the "call letters" the station used were changed to WHSV-TV; these are the call letters the station uses now.
Newscasts
WHSV News 3 Daybreak 5am to 7am
WHSV News 3 at Noon 12pm to 12:30pm
WHSV News 3 at 5pm 5pm to 6pm
WHSV News 3 at 6pm 6pm to 6:30 pm
WHSV News 3 11@11 11pm to 11:35pm
The Endzone – Weekly highlights of high school American football games, 11:25 pm to 12:05 am every Friday during high school football season.
WHSV Sports X-tra is an online sports show produced by WHSV sports directors Damon Dillman and Zac Choate.
It covers the latest news and talk about sports events over the previous week.
Light for Today is a religious show which airs on WHSV Sunday mornings at 11:30 AM.
It is broadcast from People's Baptist Church in Harrisonburg and is produced by WHSV.
Virginia Dream Centerstage is a music and variety show that airs from time to time on WHSV.
It is produced and broadcast by WHSV.
WHSV Website
Altron is a Japanese video game developer and publisher founded in 1983.
It has developed or published games for the Nintendo 64, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Super Nintendo, Sega Mega Drive, Nintendo Entertainment System, Nintendo DS, Game Boy and Game Boy Color video game systems as well as for the PC.
Maplewood is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the United States 2000 Census, the township population was 23,868.
Mickey's House of Villains is a Filpino-American-Canadian direct-to-video animated movie created by Disney.
It is the movie adaptation of the Disney Channel animated television series Disney's House of Mouse, starring Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Minnie Mouse, Goofy, Daisy Duck, and characters and villains that have appeared in past Disney productions.
It was released on both VHS and DVD by Walt Disney Home Video on September 3, 2002.
Wayne Allwine as Mickey Mouse
Russi Taylor as Minnie Mouse
Bill Farmer as Goofy
Tony Anselmo as Donald Duck
Tress MacNeille as Daisy Duck / Queen of Hearts / Si / Am / The Fates
Gilbert Gottfried as Iago
Corey Burton as Captain Hook / Chernabog
Susanne Blakeslee as Cruella De Vil
Pat Carroll as Ursula
James Woods as Hades
Rob Paulsen as Hades (singing)
Lois Nettleton as Maleficent
Jim Cummings as Big Bad Wolf / Kaa / Ed the Hyena
A court or courtyard is a space inside a building that is open to the sky.
These spaces were often used for meetings, which leads to the other meaning of court, as in a court of law.
Methylphenidate is a drug which is similar to amphetamine.
Its name is often shortened to MPH but is better known by the brand name of Ritalin.
MPH stimulates the central nervous system.
It does this by increasing dopamine transmission in the brain.
The drug is commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy.
It is sometimes used together with other drugs to treat depression.
In most countries, its use needs to be prescribed by a doctor.
The most common side-effects of taking the drug are nervousness and sleeping problems.
About one in ten patients see these problems.
Other side-effects include changes of blood pressure, headache, and weight loss.
Some cases of  Tourette syndrome and psychosis have been reported, amongst others.
Sometimes, the drug has been prescribed to children without proper ADHD diagnosis to increase their academic performance.
This use has been criticised by the media.
Using methylphenidate in children may be problematic, because it has been linked with slower growth.
The media often use the name Ritalin for all drugs containing methylphenidate, and even for other stimulants used to treat ADHD.
Ritalin is one drug containing methylphenidate, which is often used in such cases.
This drug can also cause euphoria when it is abused for recreational purposes.
Abusing Methylphenidate may lead to psychological addiction and to severe side effects- including, but not limited to: psychosis, cardiac arrest, and death.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter.
Many different kinds of animals and humans use it to transmit information.
It is used when the brain sends signals to the muscles in the body to make them move.
It can make a person feel good.
Dopamine is an important chemical found in the brain.
If the brain does not make enough dopamine, it causes an illness called Parkinson's disease.
This can be treated by giving the Parkinson's disease patient a drug called L-Dopa, which the body converts to dopamine.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays many important roles in the human brain and body.
If you have ADHD, scientists think that you got it from one of your parents' genes.
Typically, a number of genes are involved.
Many affect the dopamine neurotransmission.
It is a chemical which is triggered by the feeling of being in love, or feeling affection.
In most cases, it is also activated by nicotine or cocaine.
It can also be activated by marijuana.
Many scientist have proven this in the past decade.
Raining Blood is a song by the American thrash metal band Slayer.
It was released in 1986 in the album Reign in Blood.
Raining Blood is considered one of Slayer's biggest hits.
It is used in the game Guitar Hero 3.
1986 songs
Slayer songs
Acer saccharinum, known as the silver maple (also occasionally the creek maple, river maple, silverleaf maple, soft maple, water maple, or white maple), is a species of maple native to eastern North America in the eastern United States and adjacent parts of southeast Canada.
Melanoma () is a malignant tumor of melanocytes which are found predominantly in skin but also in the bowel and the eye (see uveal melanoma).
It is one of the rarer types of skin cancer but causes the majority of skin cancer related deaths.
Malignant melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer.
It is due to uncontrolled growth of pigment cells, called melanocytes.
According to a report by the WHO, about 48,000 people die of melanoma every year.
Melanoma is prominent in New Zealand and Australia due to the hole in the ozone layer and the many beaches.
Melanoma that has metastasised (spread beyond the initial primary tumor) is treated with Dacarbizine or Interleukin-2, also known as Proleukin, in many cases.
Interleukin-2 has a response rate of up to sixteen-percent.
Recent studies support the use of a new drug called Ipilimumab, which appears to prolong survival in metastatic melanoma patients.
Percutaneous liver perfusion with a chemotherapeutic agent known as melphalan can prolong progression free survival in patients with melanoma metastatic to the liver, although the majority of patients in this study had melanoma starting in the eye rather than the skin.
La Vega is a Dominican province, in the central part of the country.
Its capital city is Concepción de la Vega.
It was one of the first provinces in the country; it was one of the provinces created by the first constitution of the country in 1844.
Its name has always been La Vega.
The province takes its name from its capital and most important city: Concepción de la Vega (usually called just La Vega). "
La Vega" means "The Valley".
The province was created in 1844 with the municipalities of La Vega, San Francisco de Macorís and Cotuí.
In 1855, Moca was included in the province as a municipality.
In 1959, the province included the municipalities of La Vega, Constanza, Jarabacoa and Monseñor Nouel (the present Bonao, and the municipal district of Cayetano Germosén.
The city of Concepción de La Vega was its capital.
In 1982, the province included the municipalities La Vega, Constanza and Jarabacoa, and the municipal district of Jima Abajo.
In 1996, Jima Abajo became a municipality.
In  (last national census), there were  people living in the La Vega province, and 185,101 () living in towns and cities.
Its population represents  of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 5th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.
The La Vega province has a total area of .
It has   of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 6th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.
The Cordillera Central ("Central mountain chain") is in the western part of the province.
The "Valle de la Vega Real" ("Royal Valley"), the eastern part of the Cibao Valley, is in the eastern half of the province.
In the mountains, there are several valleys with an important production of vegetables and fruits.
The 3 more important of these valleys are:
Tireo
The highest mountain in the province is Alto Bandera,  high.
The most important protected areas in the province are the Scientific Reserve Ébano Verde (Reserva Científica Ébano Verde) and the Scientific Reserve Valle Nuevo (Reserva Científica de Valle Nuevo).
Vegetables and fruits are very important in the valleys in the mountains.
There are several industries, especially textiles and food, in La Vega.
Gujranwala Division, () once a district of Lahore Division, was an administrative division of the Punjab Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.
The division, headquartered at the city of Gujranwala, covered an area of 17,206 km2, the population according to the 1981 census was 7,522,352 this had risen by almost four 4 million to 11,431,058 according to the 1998 census.
Gujrat
Hafizabad
Narowal
Optimus Prime, leader of the Autobots
Prime (movie), a 2005 American romantic comedy-drama movie
Daniel Barenboim (born Buenos Aires, 15 November 1942) is a pianist and conductor.
He is a citizen of Argentina, Israel, Spain, and the Palestinian Authority.
Barenboim (meaning "pear tree" in Yiddish) was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina; his grandparents were Russian Ashkenazi Jews.
At first he was famous as a pianist but now he is just as well known as a conductor.
He is particularly important for his work with the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra which works with young Arab and Israeli musicians.
Barenboim has often criticized the illegal Israeli settlements on Palestinian land.
In 2001 he made many people in Israel angry by conducting the music of Wagner in a concert.
Wagner’s music had not been performed in Israel since 1938 because Wagner had been accused of being anti-Jewish and because he had been Hitler's favourite composer.
However, Hitler and Wagner had not personally known each other, as the composer died in 1883 and Hitler was born in 1889.
Barenboim was born in Buenos Aires in Argentina.
He started piano lessons when he was five.
At first his mother taught him, but soon his father became his teacher and he remained the only piano teacher he had.
When he was seven years old he gave a concert in Buenos Aires.
In 1952, the Barenboim family moved to Israel.
In 1954 he went to Salzburg to take part in Igor Markevitch's conducting classes.
There he met famous people such as Wilhelm Furtwängler whose conducting inspired him.
Furtwängler was very impressed by the young boy and asked him to play Beethoven’s First Piano Concerto with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, but his father did not want him to play in Berlin because it was too soon after the Nazis had murdered millions of Jews.
Barenboim played the piano in Vienna and Rome in 1952, Paris in 1955, London in 1956.
In 1957 he played in New York with Leopold Stokowski conducting.
He then toured Europe, the United States, South America, Australia and the Far East.
He made many recordings as a pianist.
In 1967 he conducted the Philharmonia Orchestra.
Soon many orchestras wanted him to conduct them.
Between 1975 and 1989 he was music director of the Orchestre de Paris, where he conducted a lot of music by 20th century composers.
He first conducted an opera in 1973 when he directed a performance of Mozart's Don Giovanni at the Edinburgh Festival.
He made his first appearance at Bayreuth in 1981 and he often conducted there until 1999.
Barenboim now lives in Berlin.
He is the conductor of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden (Berlin State Opera) and the Berlin Staatskapelle.
He is now conductor for life at the Berlin State Opera.
In 2008 Barenboim first conducted at the Metropolitan Opera in New York at a performance of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde.
Barenboim still performs as a pianist.
In 2006 he played all Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas in the Royal Festival Hall, London in a series of concerts.
In 2010 he played a series of concerts with the Berlin Staatskapelle, playing all Beethoven's piano concertos.
Barenboim has made many recordings including twice recording all Beethoven’s Piano Sonatas.
He recorded a lot of chamber with his first wife, Jacqueline du Pré, the violinist Itzhak Perlman, and the violinist and violist Pinchas Zukerman.
He has made many recordings as conductor, including all the symphonies of Beethoven, Brahms, Bruckner and Schumann, and many operas by Wagner.
Political side of his career
In 2001 he made many people in Israel angry because he conducted Wagner’s music at a concert there.
Wagner was not allowed to be performed in Israel because he had been anti-Jewish.
He changed the programme, but then decided to play some Wagner as an encore at the end of the concert.
He spoke to the audience and said that anyone who did not want to hear the music could leave the hall.
There was an argument for half an hour.
In the end some people left, but most of them stayed and listened, and then applauded enthusiastically at the end.
Barenboim has given performances in the West Bank to show that he has sympathy with the Palestinians.
The Israeli government told him it would be too dangerous to go to Ramallah, but he went into the town during the night to give a piano recital.
The orchestra brings young musicians from Israel and Arab countries together every summer.
They give concerts all over the world.
Daniel Barenboim married the famous British cellist Jacqueline du Pré at the Western Wall, Jerusalem in 1967.
They gave concerts and made recordings together until Jacqueline became ill with multiple sclerosis and retired in 1973.
There is a famous film by Christopher Nupen of them playing Schubert's "Trout Quintet" with Itzhak Perlman, Pinchas Zukerman and Zubin Mehta.
Du Pré died in 1987.
In 1988 Barenboim married the Russian pianist Elena Bashkirova.
The younger son, Michael, is now a violinist and often performs with his father.
Daniel Barenboim official website
Argentine Jews
Argentine pianists
Israeli conductors
The West-Eastern Divan is an orchestra for young people.
It is based in Sevilla, Spain.
The musicians in the orchestra come from Israel and its surrounding Arab countries.
The orchestra was started in 1999 by the Jewish conductor Daniel Barenboim and the Palestinian-American academic Edward Said (pronounce: Sah—eed).
The name of the orchestra comes from a group of poems by the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
The West-Eastern Divan Orchestra was started to help bring Israelis and Palestinians together to work for peace and to help solve the fight between Israel and Palestine.
The idea was to let Israelis and Arabs work together in countries which had nothing to do with the conflict.
The first workshop of the orchestra took place in Weimar, Germany because it was the 1999 European cultural town.
Barenboim chose two leaders for the orchestra: one Israeli and one Arab.
They worked with some very famous musicians including the cellist Yo Yo Ma.
In 2000 the orchestra met again in Weimar, in 2001 they met in Chicago.
Since 2002 they have met every year in Seville.
The West-Eastern Divan Workshop takes place during several weeks each summer in Andalusia.
After the workshop has finished, the orchestra travel to other places to give concerts.
They have given concerts in many parts of Europe, North America, South America.
In 2004 they performed an historic concert in Ramallah in Palestine.
After the concert Barenboim said that the people of Israel and Palestine had a shared future.
He said: “Either we all kill each other, or we share what there is to share.
It is this message that we come here to bring."
In 2004, the Barenboim-Said Foundation, based in Seville, was started to help develop several education projects.
Money is given for this by the Junta de Andalucía (Regional Government of Andalusia).
The Foundation helps with the orchestra as well as with projects such as the Early Childhood Musical Education Project in Seville.
The orchestra has won prizes and made recordings.
A film called Knowledge is the Beginning was made about them.
The orchestra’s website
The Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester (Gustav Mahler Youth Orchestra) is a youth orchestra based in Vienna, Austria.
It was started in 1986 by the conductor Claudio Abbado.
Auditions are held in many European capital cities.
From the start it included people from Eastern Europe.
This was before the collapse of the Iron Curtain.
It is a very big orchestra.
The musicians play music that needs a large orchestra, usually music from the late Romantic period or the 20th century.
The orchestra played at the 2008 BBC Proms in the Royal Albert Hall in London with Sir Colin Davis conducting.
They will be playing again at the Proms in September 2009 when they will perform Richard Strauss's huge work Also sprach Zarathustra.
Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester official website
Owing to the strategic rivalry, suspicion and tenuous relations between the People's Republic of China and India since the 1962 war, India has slowly sought to develop better commercial and strategic cooperation with Taiwan even while ruling out the possibility of establishing diplomatic relations.
Taiwan has also viewed India's rising geopolitical standing as a potential counter-balance to China's dominance in the region.
As a part of its "Look East" foreign policy, India has sought to cultivate extensive ties with Taiwan in trade as well as working together over weapons of mass destruction issues, environment and fighting terrorism.
Both sides have aimed to develop ties to counteract Chinese rivalry with both nations.
The India-Taipei Association (ITA) Office has been established in Taipei since 1995 to promote non-governmental interactions between India and Taiwan, and to facilitate business, tourism, cultural and people-to-people exchanges.
The India-Taipei Association has also been authorised to provide all consular and passport services.
In 2002, India became the 28th nation to sign the Investment Protection Agreement with Taiwan and in 2006, both nations established the Taiwan-India Cooperation Council.
Furthermore, Taiwan promotes trade with India as a means to reduce the extent of their economic dependence with China.
In 2007, Ma Ying-jeou, the leader of the Kuomintang, Taiwan's largest political party supportive of reunification, and a major candidate in the 2008 presidential elections made an unofficial visit to India.
Sikkimese people live in the Indian province of Sikkim.
The native Sikkimese consist of the Lepcha and Limbu people; they migrated from Tibet.
They also include the Bhutias.
These are descendants of Buddhists who arrived from Nepal in 15th century; they migrated from the Kham district of Tibet in the 14th century.
Old Delhi (, ,  Purānī Dillī), walled city of Delhi, was founded as Shahjahanabad (, , ) by Indian Emperor Shahjahan in 1639.
It remained the capital of the Mughals until the end of the Mughal dynasty.
Doaba () is the region of Indian Punjab surrounded by the rivers Beas and Sutlej.
The name "Doaba" literally translates to "land of two rivers" ("Do" two, "Ab" river; Farsi).
It is one of the most fertile regions of the world, and was the centre of the Green Revolution in India.
To this day, it remains one of the largest per capita producers of wheat in the world.
The Crassulaceae, or orpine family, is a family of dicotyledons.
They store water in their succulent leaves.
They are found worldwide, but mostly occur in the Northern Hemisphere and southern Africa, typically in dry and/or cold areas where water may be scarce.
The family includes about 1,400 species in 33 genera.
The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was one of the last events in the American Civil War, and happened on Good Friday, April 14, 1865.
President Lincoln was shot while watching the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.. He died early the next morning.
Lincoln's killer, John Wilkes Booth, was an actor and Confederate supporter who had plotted with other men to kill the Secretary of State, William H. Seward and the Vice President Andrew Johnson.
Booth hoped to create disorder and overthrow the Northern government by doing this.
Booth was able to kill Lincoln, but Seward and Johnson survived.
During the third act of the play, following a line in the play that was the biggest laugh of the night, Lincoln was laughing at this line when he was shot.
John Wilkes Booth, a well-known actor and a Confederate spy from Maryland, entered the presidential box and fired a pistol at point-blank range into the back of Lincoln's head, mortally wounding him.
Lincoln immediately lost consciousness, but he passed into unconsciousness with laughter and a smile on his face.
Katherine M. Evans, a young actress in the play, who was offstage when Lincoln was shot but rushed onstage after Booth's exit stated "I looked and saw President Lincoln unconscious, his head dropping on his breast, his eyes closed, but with a smile still on his face".
Lincoln was carried across the street to Petersen House.
He remained in a coma for nine hours.
He died the next morning.
As he died his breathing grew quieter, his face more calm.
Historians, most notably author Lee Davis have emphasized Lincoln's peaceful appearance when and after he died: "It was the first time in four years, probably, that a peaceful expression crossed his face."
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in the Lincoln Administration, Maunsell Bradhurst Field wrote, "I had never seen upon the President's face an expression more genial and pleasing."
The President’s secretary, John Hay, saw "a look of unspeakable peace came upon his worn features".
After being on the run for 12 days, Booth was tracked down and found on a farm in Virginia, some  south of Washington.
After refusing to surrender to Union troops, Booth was killed by Sergeant Boston Corbett on April 26.
Abraham Lincoln: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
1865 in the United States
19th century in Washington, D.C.
Assassinations in the United States
Murder in the 19th century
Lars Løkke Rasmussen (born 15 May 1964 in Vejle) is a Danish politician who was the Prime Minister of Denmark from 28 June 2015 to 27 June 2019.
He was also Prime Minister from 5 April 2009 until 3 October 2011.
He has been a Liberal Party member of the Danish Parliament since 21 September 1994.
From November 2001 to November 2007 he was Interior and Health Minister of Denmark, and from November 2007 to April 2009 he was Finance Minister of Denmark.
Rasmussen has also been mayor of Frederiksborg County north of Copenhagen from 1998 to 2001.
He holds a degree in law from the University of Copenhagen.
Prime Ministers of Denmark
Dante Terrell Smith (born December 11, 1973) is an Emmy- and Golden Globe-nominated American actor and a Grammy-nominated rapper known by the stage name Mos Def.
Mos Def started his hip hop career in a group called Urban Thermo Dynamics, after which he appeared on albums by Da Bush Babees and De La Soul.
With Talib Kweli, he formed the duo Black Star, who released the well-received album Black Star in 1998.
He was a major force in the late 1990s underground hip hop explosion spearheaded by Rawkus Records.
As a solo artist he has released the albums Black on Both Sides in 1999, The New Danger in 2004, and True Magic, 2006.
Mos Def's Official Website.
Mos Def / Dante Smith discographies at Discogs.
Mos Def  at Geffen Records.
In economics, the term stagflation is used when there is almost no growth in production, yet there is high inflation, and unemployment is high.
This was supposed to be impossible under the kind of economics described by Keynes (Keynesian economics).
Stagflation is a portmanteau word of stagnation and inflation.
It is used in economics when the inflation rate is high, the growth rate slows down, and unemployment stays high.
It raises a dilemma for economic policy since actions designed to lower inflation may exacerbate unemployment, and vice versa.
Keynes didn't use the term, but some of his work refers to the conditions most would recognise as stagflation.
In the version of Keynesian macroeconomic theory which was dominant between the end of World War II (WWII) and the late-1970s, inflation and recession were regarded as mutually exclusive, the relationship between the two being described by the Phillips curve.
Stagflation is very costly and difficult to stop once it starts.
This situation usually begins with things beginning to cost more while fewer of the things are being made.
Because fewer things are being made, fewer people are needed to make them.
This causes unemployment to increase.
All three of these factors together cause stagflation — stagnation in production and employment and increasing inflation.
It is also because of "cost push" factors.
When it begins to cost more to make an item, the price will increase.
People will be less likely to invest money in the company.
This will lead to more unemployment.
1970s recession
The 1973–75 recession or 1970s recession was a period of economic stagnation in much of the Western world during the 1970s, putting an end to the general post-World War II economic boom.
It differed from many previous recessions as being a stagflation, where high unemployment coincided with high inflation.
The Cleveland Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio.
Their conductor is Franz Welser-Möst.
The orchestra was started in 1918 with Nikolai Sokoloff as conductor.
In 1931 a new concert hall called the Severance Hall was opened.
It has been the orchestra's concert hall ever since.
The conductor George Szell made them into one of the world's best orchestras.
When he started conducting them after World War II he told twelve of the players that they had to leave.
Another twelve musicians were so angry that they left as well.
Szell then improved the orchestra during the 24 years he was with them.
Even now the orchestra is so good because of what Szell did for them.
Today's conductor of the Cleveland Orchestra, Franz Welser-Möst, continues to conduct the orchestra in Cleveland as well as touring with them all over the world.
They perform regularly in the summer at the Blossom Festival in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, and also in Miami, Florida, and in the Musikverein, Vienna.
1918-1933 Nikolai Sokoloff
1933-1943 Artur Rodziński
1943-1944 Erich Leinsdorf
1946-1970 George Szell
1970-1972 Pierre Boulez
1972-1982 Lorin Maazel
1984-2002 Christoph von Dohnányi
2002-present Franz Welser-Möst
The Cleveland Orchestra Official website
1910s establishments in Ohio
The Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an American orchestra based in Boston, Massachusetts.
It is one of the great orchestras of the world.
They give concerts in the Symphony Hall, Boston.
They also play every summer at the Tanglewood Festival.
The orchestra was started in 1881.
Many of the conductors it had during its history were extremely famous, including Arthur Nikisch from 1889 to 1893, and Pierre Monteux from 1919 to 1924 who gave the orchestra a reputation for a "French" sound which many people think it still has today.
Serge Koussevitzky was their conductor for many years and made them a world-class orchestra.
With Koussevitzky, the orchestra gave  radio broadcasts and made its summer home at Tanglewood, where Koussevitzky founded the Berkshire Music Center, which is now the Tanglewood Music Center.
Koussevitzky asked many famous composers to write music for the orchestra.
Works written especially for them include Symphony No.
4 by Sergei Prokofiev and the Symphony of Psalms by Igor Stravinsky.
They also gave the first performance of Béla Bartók's Concerto for Orchestra.
Since then many other composers have written for the orchestra including Roger Sessions, Andrzej Panufnik and Elliott Carter.
When the conductor Charles Munch took over from Koussevitzky he gave the orchestra their first tour overseas.
He was followed in 1962 by Erich Leinsdorf, then  William Steinberg, Seiji Ozawa and, since 2004, James Levine who is the first American-born conductor of the orchestra.
As well as the Boston Symphony Orchestra there is also the Boston Pops Orchestra, founded in 1885, which plays light music, e.g. from show tunes.
Arthur Fiedler conducted them from 1930 until 1979.
He was followed by the film composer John Williams.
Today their conductor is Keith Lockhart.
A small group of principal players from the BSO form the Boston Symphony Chamber Players.
They have being playing since 1964 and perform in Boston, Tanglewood and in other places in USA and Europe.
1881-1884 George Henschel
1884-1889 Wilhelm Gericke
1889-1893 Arthur Nikisch
1893-1898 Emil Paur
1898-1906 Wilhelm Gericke
1906-1908 Karl Muck
1908-1912 Max Fiedler
1912-1918 Karl Muck
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1919-1924 Pierre Monteux
1924-1949 Serge Koussevitzky
1949-1962 Charles Munch
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1969-1972 William Steinberg
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Light music is a musical style that might often be called "easy listening".
It started in the United Kingdom in the 19th century and became very popular in the middle of the 20th century.
Light music was often played at seaside resorts.
It often consisted of arrangements for orchestra of popular songs.
It was music that was supposed to be popular, music that a wide audience would be able to enjoy.
In the 1930s, when the BBC started broadcasting music on the radio (which they then called "wireless"), light music became very popular.
In 1945 the BBC Light Programme was started.
One very popular programme was called Friday Night is Music Night, with music played by the BBC Concert Orchestra.
and Music While You Work was also a very popular programme.
Today Light Music is sometimes seen as not in fashion.
Film music is more popular today, and music from musicals.
Eric Coates is a good example of a composer of Light Music.
His piece "By the Sleepy Lagoon" became the signature tune of a radio programme called Desert Island Discs.
Arthur Wood's "Barwick Green" became the theme of The Archers.
Famous composers of light music
Ronald Binge
Eric Coates
Frederic Curzon
Trevor Duncan
Robert Farnon
Albert Ketèlbey
Billy Mayerl
Angela Morley
Ernest Tomlinson
Sidney Torch
Haydn Wood
ka:მსუბუქი მუსიკა
The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the air force of the Australian Defence Force.
It started in 1912 as the Australian Flying Corps and saw its first action in World War I.
The first plan for an Australian air force was given to the Military Board in 1910.
The plan was approved on 22 October, 1912, and five planes were ordered.
A flying school was set up on  of land at Point Cook, Victoria, with the first students starting on 17 August, 1914.
Nonthaburi is a province in Thailand.
Its central town is Nonthaburi,  about 25 km north-west of Bangkok.
There are many government buildings in Nonthaburi.
Tourists and locals head to Wat Poramai-yikawat  -- a mon styled temple, and Wat Sanam Nua temple for worship.
Bridge to Terabithia is a fantasy movie.
The director of the movie was Gábor Csupó.
It was adapted for a movie by David L. Paterson and Jeff Stockwell.
The movie is based on the Katherine Paterson novel of the same name.
Walt Disney Pictures distributed the movie in the U.S.A. Bridge to Terabithia tells the story of two 12-year-old neighbours, Jesse Aarons and Leslie Burke.
They spend their free time in an abandoned tree house where they create a fantasy world called Terabithia.
David Paterson, who wrote the screenplay, is Katherine Paterson's son.
The novel is based on parts of his childhood.
When he asked his mother if he could write a screenplay of the novel, she agreed.
This was because he could write plays well.
Production of the movie began in February 2006.
The movie was shot by November.
It was shot mainly in Auckland, New Zealand within two months.
It took ten weeks to edit the movie.
Post-production, music mixing, and visual effects took many months.
Bridge to Terabithia was released in the US and Canada on February 16, 2007.
The movie was successful in terms of earnings.
With a budget of around $20 million, it collected US$137 million worldwide.
The movie received positive reviews.
Critics called it faithful to the children's novel.
They said the visuals and performances made the movie imaginative.
Bridge to Terabithia was nominated for seven awards.
It won five of them at the Young Artist Awards.
Jesse "Jess" Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a fifth grader who wants to be an artist.
He lives with his financially poor family in Lark Creek.
He rides the bus to school with his little sister, May Belle (Bailee Madison).
He avoids the school bully, Janice Avery (Lauren Clinton).
In class, his classmates, Scott Hoager (Cameron Wakefield) and Gary Fulcher (Elliot Lawless) tease him.
A new student his age named Leslie Burke (AnnaSophia Robb) comes to the school.
At recess, Jess enters a running event, for which he had been training at home.
Leslie also enters it.
She manages to beat all the boys, including Jess.
This irritates Jess.
While going home, Jess and Leslie learn that they are next-door neighbors.
Later in the evening, Jess becomes angry to find his sister has drawn in his notebook.
His strict father (Robert Patrick) sides with her.
The next day at school, Leslie praises Jess' drawing ability.
This is after she sees his notebook.
They soon become best friends.
After school, they go into the woods.
There, they swing across a creek on a rope.
Jess and Leslie find an abandoned tree house and a broken down truck on the other side of the creek.
They invent a new world, which they call Terabithia.
The fantasy world reflects their lives.
It comes to life as they explore the area.
For the next few days, Jess and Leslie spend their free time in the tree house and learn about one another.
Leslie gives Jess an art kit for his birthday.
This pleases Jess very much.
Later, he gives her a puppy.
She names it Prince Terrien.
Once in Terabithia, they fight with various creatures, including a troll that looks like Janice Avery, the school bully.
At school, May Belle shows her friend Alexandra what she has for her snack, Twinkies.
Jess tells her that she should not brag about them.
At recess, May Belle tells Jess and Leslie that Janice stole her Twinkies.
Leslie becomes frustrated by Janice's fee for entering the toilet.
Jess and Leslie play a trick on Janice.
Everyone laughs at her at the bus for this.
Once Leslie's parents finish writing their book, she and Jess help paint their house.
Jess is impressed by her parents' happiness and watches the family.
At school on Friday, Leslie hears Janice crying in the bathroom.
After Leslie talks with her, she learns that the reason why Janice is a bully is because she is abused by her father.
They become friends.
Jess and Leslie take Prince Terrein to Terabithia.
There they fight off several creatures that look like students at their school.
They decide to go home when it starts raining.
The creek gets higher than ever due to the rain.
The next morning, Ms. Edmunds (Zooey Deschanel), Jess' music teacher, invites him on a one-on-one field trip to an art museum.
Jess tries to ask his mother's permission.
As she is half-asleep, he takes her mumbling as approval.
Jess does not ask Leslie to come with him.
When he returns home, Jess finds that his father and mother are worried.
This is because they did not know where he was.
His father tells him that Leslie drowned in the river that morning.
This happened when Jess went to the museum.
Jess is very sad to hear this.
He visits the Burke family home with his parents to pay their respects.
Leslie's father, Bill Burke (Latham Gaines), tells Jess that she loved him.
He thanks him for being a very good friend to her, since she could not make friends at her old school.
Jess feels very guilty for Leslie's death.
His father consoles him to keep their friendship alive for her sake.
Jess decides to re-imagine Terabithia and builds a bridge across the river to welcome a new ruler.
He invites his sister, May Belle to enter Terabithia.
She is delighted because she was not allowed to enter before.
She and Jess make Terabithia even better, with Jess as king and his sister as princess.
Production for the movie began in February 2006, with a budget of around $20 million.
The main photography for the movie was shot in Auckland, New Zealand in sixty days.
movie editing took ten weeks.
Post-production, music mixing, and visual effects took a few months.
The movie was finished by November 2006.
This was because the crew "had to rush" to finish it by February 16.
The movie was directed by Gábor Csupó.
Walden Media President Cary Granat first recommended him to direct the movie.
Csupó had never done a live-action movie before.
However, he said it "didn't worry Granat in the least".
Csupó noted that he was interested in making the movie.
He "had the ambition to do a live-action movie for a long time", but that he "didn't like anything until I read this book".
He called the book "beautiful" and said that it "moved [him]".
The cinematographer of Bridge to Terabithia was Michael Chapman.
This was his final movie before he retired.
Chapman mentioned in the film's DVD commentary that he retired after the movie because he wanted his last movie to be a good one.
He said: "this is such a beautiful story, and it's exactly the kind of movie I want to do at this time in my life".
Director Csupó stated they had thought of no actors for the movie at first.
The first actor cast was AnnaSophia Robb as Leslie Burke.
Robb wrote Csupó "such a beautiful, heartwarming letter" that showed she loved the book and character.
Csupó said Robb was cast for the movie because of "her letter, her enthusiasm, and her love of the material".
Robb also talked with Lauren Levine, the producer of the movie, before casting even began. "[
T]heir conversation convinced her that, without a doubt, AnnaSophia was meant for this role," Csupó stated.
Levine said "it was just so clear in talking to her about all this fantasy that I was basically talking to Leslie, that she had that same kind of spark and magical presence.
She might be physically different from Leslie in the book, but the spirit of Leslie and the spirit of AnnaSophia are nearly identical.
It was a match made in heaven."
With regard to the character, Robb said "[Leslie]'s one of those people who's just always lit up, who has this glow about her, and no one can bring her down.
Leslie's such a lively and energetic character, it was really fun for me to become her."
Levine noted that "looking for Jess was a really tough hunt.
We needed someone who could go from an introverted boy in an isolated world to someone who completely taps into his imagination and becomes a confident, brave leader in Terabithia.
That's a heck of a range for such a young actor."
Josh Hutcherson was not their first choice for the role of Jess Aarons.
He was chosen as they "felt the chemistry between AnnaSophia Robb and him".
Hutcherson said that he liked the project because of "the real life day-to-day drama as well as the arc of the character Jess".
The filmmakers cast Robert Patrick as Jess' father.
He was chosen due to his experience in several movies in the past.
Patrick explained that he could relate to the plot.
He was "constantly creating imaginary worlds as a kid" himself, and that the movie reminded him of the place where he grew up.
He also said that he agreed to act because it was a movie his children could watch.
Bailee Madison was cast as May Belle Aarons.
Csupó said they searched for a long time for someone to play her role.
She had "such a charm, even before the camera, she was just like a little sweetheart," he said.
She was confident, shook hands with everybody and was "totally sweet and perky".
Csupó was pleased by her attitude and cast her for the movie.
Design and effects
Csupó explained that "it was a very conscious decision from the very beginning that we're not going to overdo the visual effects because of the story's integrity and the book's integrity."
There was only a small mention of Jess and Leslie fighting creatures in Terabithia in the book.
For this reason, they "tried to do the absolute minimum, which would be required to put it into a movie version".
To design the creatures of Terabithia, Csupó wanted to use "little more artsy, imaginative, fantastical creatures than the typical rendered characters you see in other movies."
He was inspired by Terry Gilliam and Ridley Scott.
Dima Malanitchev drew the creatures.
Csupó helped him in this.
Csupó chose Weta Digital render the 3D animation.
He "was impressed with their artistic integrity, the teamwork, the [fact that] people were really nice, and also they responded to our designs very positively."
Weta modified some of the creature designs.
However, they mainly used Csupó's original designs.
100 crew members from Weta worked for the movie.
Weta was doing the animations when the movie was being shot.
Weta crew members saw the shooting of all scenes involving these creatures.
Weta's Matt Aitken said the process of animation was "split into two steps".
First, natural-looking creatures were created based on pencil sketches by Csupó and Malanitchev.
Photoshop pictures made by visual effects art director Michael Pangrazio was used for this.
The second step was to use the best animation and motion style for the creatures.
Leslie's costumes in the movie were designed to look as if the character "might have made some of them herself".
They were updated from those described in the book.
This was because the descriptions in the book would appear odd now.
Producer and screenwriter David L. Paterson is the novel's author's son.
His name was featured on its dedication page.
The story was based on his real life best friend, Lisa Hill.
Hill had been struck by lightning.
She was killed when they were both eight years old.
Paterson had asked his mother, Katherine Paterson, if he could write a screenplay of the novel.
She agreed "not only because he's [her] son, but also because he's a very good playwright".
Paterson found it difficult to market his screenplay.
It was mainly because of Leslie's death. "[
I]f you can believe this, I did meet with some companies that asked if I could just 'hurt' Leslie a little bit—put her in a light coma and then bring her out".
Paterson said it was very important for him to keep the spirit of the book alive.
At the same time, he had to change it from "a novel that takes place mostly in the characters' heads to a dynamic visual medium".
Paterson knew that the movie had to be about friendship and imagination.
He focused "bringing out the emotions of the story."
He said he found it difficult to write about Terabithia.
This was "because it was too close".
He credited fellow screenwriter Jeff Stockwell for recreating Terabithia for the movie. "
What Jeff was able to do as an outsider who wasn’t so attached to the story was to really let his imagination go free and make up this world in a wonderful way", David said.
Csupó said that the two main characters are a little bit older in the movie.
Csupó claims the movie "deals with so many issues including friendship, and maybe first innocent love, things like that", so it "made more sense" to make the characters older.
The film's musical score was composed by Aaron Zigman.
He was hired after Alison Krauss did not compose the music.
Zigman said there are similarities between the music he made fro Bridge to Terabithia and the movie Flicka.
He said: "[...]at times there's a bit of a Celtic influence but not much", but he also went on to say that there was a more modern feel to the music he composed for Bridge to Terabithia.
The score he composed for the movie is described as "very large" compared to his other work, and Zigman commented that "Aside from the minimalist stuff and coloring that I love to do, I also like big orchestral stuff, and want to do more of that, and this movie enabled me to spread my wings out a bit."
The official soundtrack for the movie was released by Hollywood Records on February 13, 2007.
Reviewers criticized the film's advertisement campaign.
One critic said the movie was actually "grounded in reality far more than in fantasy."
Another thought, "far from a computer generated [created] escapist fantasy, this movie is an unpretentious [not pretending] and touching tale of preteen companionship and loss".