the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He reformed the constitution of Athens, and set it on a democratic footing in 508/7 BC.
For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of Athenian democracy".
He also increased the power of the Assembly, and he broke up power of the Athenian nobility.
With help from the his clan, he overthrew Hippias the tyrant (dictatorial ruler).
After the collapse of Hippias' tyranny, Isagoras and Cleisthenes were rivals for power.
Isagoras won the upper hand by appealing to the Spartan king Cleomenes I to help him expel Cleisthenes.
So Cleisthenes left Athens as an exile, and Isagoras held power in the city.
Isagoras uprooted hundreds of people from their homes on the pretext that they were cursed, and attempted to dissolve the Council (βουλή, boulé).
However, the Council resisted, and the Athenian people declared their support of it.
Hence Isagoras and his supporters were forced to flee to the Acropolis, remaining besieged there for two days.
On the third, they fled and were banished.
Cleisthenes was subsequently recalled, along with hundreds of exiles, and he assumed leadership of Athens.
Death is a personificated creature that exists in a lot of societies all over history.
In English Death is usually given the name Grim Reaper and from the 15th century to now, the Grim Reaper is shown as a human skeleton holding a scythe and clothed with a black cloak with a hood.
It is also given the name of Angel of Death (, Mal'ach Ha'Mavett), that appeared in the Bible.
In some beliefs, the Grim Reaper can cause the death of the victim, that created legends that he can be bribed, tricked and make deals to keep the life of someone.
In other beliefs, the Grim Reaper guides the dead to the next world, without the knowing of the dead about his death.
Indo-European Mythology
In Ancient Greek, the Greeks saw death as good.
He is often shown as a bearded, winged man or a young, winged, boy.
Death, or Thanatos, is the opposite of Life.
Death is represented as a male, and life as a female.
He is the twin brother of Hypnos, the god of Sleep.
He is discripted as gentle, he escorts the dead to the Underworld, Hades.
Then he hands the dead to Charon, who mans a boat that carries the dead to the underworld, through the river Styx.
Thanatos' sisters, Keres, were the spirits of violent death, they were connected with deaths from battle, disease, accident, and murder.
They were portrayed as evil, they were feeding on the body of the dead, after the soul was escorted to the Hades.
They had fangs, talons, and would be dressed in bloody jewels.
In Ancient Roman mythology, Death was known as Mors, of which was the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Thanatos and the Hindu goddess Mara.
Though the Latin noun for "death", mors, is of feminine gender, the surviving ancient Roman art is not known to depict Death as a woman.
The Welsh portrayed death as Angeu, and for the Bretons it was Ankou, they were the same one.
He appeared as a man with a black robe, sometimes carrying a scythe, riding a cart which he collected the dead on it.
In Scottish folklore there was a belief that a mystic black, dark green or white dog known as Cù Sìth took dying souls to the afterlife.
Comparable figures also exist in Irish and Welsh stories.
In Poland, Death, or Śmierć, has an appearance that is similar to the our modern Grim Reaper, but instead of a black robe, he wears a White robe.
Lithuanians call death Giltinė, from the word gelti (to sting).
Giltinė was shown as an old, ugly, woman with a long blue nose and a poisonous tongue.
The legend tells that Giltinė was young, pretty and communicative until she was trapped in a coffin for seven years.
The goddess of death was a sister of the goddess of life and destiny, Laima, symbolizing the relationship between beginning and end.
Latvians named Death Veļu māte, from a word meaning "mother".
After it, the Lituanians and Latvians adopted the classical Grim Reaper with the black cloak and the scythe.
Hindu Texts
In Hindu texts, the lord of death is called Yama.
Yama rides a black buffalo and carries a rope to take the dead to his prison.
There are many form of Reapers, they are his agents.
They are called Yamaduts.
There, all the man good and bad are stored in an kind of archive.
Then Yama take the records out and decides where the soul will be set in the next life, according to the Reincarnation of Hinduism.
Yama is also mentioned in the Mahabharata as a philosopher and a devotee of Brahman.
Latin American folklore
Our Lady of the Holy Death (Santa Muerte) is a female deity or folk saint of Mexican folk religion, whose popularity has been growing in Mexico and the United States in recent years.
La Calavera Catrina, a character symbolizing death, is also an icon of the Mexican Day of the Dead.
In Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology), death is personified with multiple deities, including Thongalel, the ruler of the underworld and the god of the death, along with his wives.
In the underworld kingdom, he administers the souls of the death, either to resend them or to bring a new one to and from the human world.
At these tasks, he is assisted by Thongak Lairembi and Khamnung Kikoi Louonbi.
The underworld kingdom is called "Khamnung kingdom" and its capital city, "Khamnung Sawa" is in the middle of the river "Ashi Turel", which has only a single bridge made up of a thread.
This should be crossed over by only those souls who do not commit suicide during their earthly life.
Else, one has to struck over inside the underworld kingdom but outside the capital city "Khamnung Sawa", which is, of course, a painstaking life too for the souls.
In the Kojiki, after giving birth to the fire god, Kagu-tsuchi, Izanami dies from wounds of its fire and enters the perpetual night realm called Yomi-no-kuni (the underworld) that the gods retire to and where Izanagi, her husband, travels to in a failed attempt to reclaim her.
He discovers his wife as not-so beautiful anymore, and, in a brief argument afterwards between them, she promises to take a thousand lives every day, signifying her position as the goddess of death.
There are also death gods called shinigami (死神, "death gods", "death spirits"), which are closer to the Western tradition of the Grim Reaper; while common in modern Japanese arts and fiction, they were essentially absent in traditional mythology.
In Abrahamic Religions
Memitim
Memitim is a type of angel from the Bible that is connected to the death of the humans.
The words is from the Hebrew language ממיתים (English:Killers).
They are mentioned to kill the people that their guardian angel no longer protects them.
There is some debate about the nature of the Memitim among biblical scholars, but it is accepted that, as described in the Book of Job 33:22, they are killers of some kind.
Form and functions
According to the Midrash, the Angel of Death was created by God in the first day of the creation.
His house is in Heaven.
He has twelve wings.
"Over all people have I surrendered thee the power," said God to the Angel of Death, "only not over this one which has received freedom from death through the Law".
It said that the angel of death is full of eyes.
In the time of the death, he stands over the dying one, and waiting for the man to see him.
When the dying finally sees him, he drops a gall to the dying's mouth and that is what kills him finally The expression "to taste of death" originated in the idea that death was caused by a drop of gall.
Death and Satan
The Angel of Death, who is identified by some with Satan, right after the creation has a dispute with God about the light of the Messiah.
When Eve touched the tree of knowledge, the Angel of Death talked to her, and she thought:"Now I shall die, and God will create another wife for Adam".
Adam also talked to the Angel of Death.
The Angel of Death sits before the face of the dead.
While Abraham was mourning, for Sarah the angel appeared to him, which explains why "Abraham stood up from before his death".
Samael told Sarah that Abraham had sacrificed Isaac in spite of his wailing, and Sarah died of horror and grief.
It was Moses who most often had dealings with the angel.
At the resistance of Korah, Moses saw him.
In Islam there is the Archangel of Death, named Azrael.
In the Qur'an, he is not mentioned by this name, but by Mal'akkh al Mut (Arabic: ملاك الموت, "Angel of Death").
He is also descripted in old Hebrew texts as Azrael, the Angel of Death.
He is also called Azrael in early Christian texts.
Walter Menzies "Ming" Campbell, Baron Campbell of Pittenweem CH CBE PC QC (born 22 May 1941 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a British politician and retired sprinter.
He was the leader of the Liberal Democrats from March 2006 to October 2007.
He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of North East Fife and the Chancellor of the University of St Andrews.
Between 1967 and 1974, Menzies Campbell held the British record for the 100 metres sprint as he was able to do it in 10.2 seconds.
He was also the captain of the Great Britain athletics team between 1965 and 1966.
In 1975, Campbell became the Chairman of the Scottish Liberals and was elected as an MP at the 1987 General Election.
He became the Liberal Democrat's chief spokesperson on foreign affairs and defence in 1992 and became the Liberal Democrat's deputy leader in 2003.
He was elected leader of the Liberal Democrats in March 2006 but had to resign in October 2007 and was replaced by Nick Clegg.
Campbell married Elspeth, Lady Grant-Suttie, daughter of Major General Roy Urquhart, in June 1970.
Lady Campbell has a child from her previous marriage.
Monocalcium phosphate is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is Ca(H2PO4)2.
It contains phosphate, calcium, and hydrogen ions.
Monocalcium phosphate is a colorless solid.
It dissolves a little in water to make an acidic solution.
It is made by replacing one of the hydrogen ions in phosphoric acid with a calcium ion.
It is made by reacting calcium phosphate rock with sulfuric acid.
This makes monocalcium phosphate.
It is used in baking powder.
When it is dissolved in water, it makes an acidic solution which reacts with the sodium bicarbonate to make carbon dioxide.
The carbon dioxide makes it rise.
It is also used in fertilizers.
Dicalcium phosphate is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is CaHPO4.
It contains calcium, hydrogen, and phosphate ions.
Dicalcium phosphate is a white solid.
It can be thought of as phosphoric acid where two of the hydrogen ions are replaced with calcium ions.
It can be made by reacting phosphoric acid with calcium hydroxide.
It can also be made by reacting sulfuric acid with a certain amount of tricalcium phosphate.
It is used in fertilizers.
It is also used in vitamin tablets.
It is used to make sure chickens get calcium.
Tricalcium phosphate
Toonzai was a group of cartoons broadcast on Saturday morning on The CW.
It was first broadcast on August 14, 2010.
It used to be named The CW4Kids.
The programs were broadcast on weekday afternoons.
The block is programmed by 4Kids Entertainment.
They also programmed the 4Kids TV on Fox until December 2008.
4Kids also indicated that it will retain Yu-Gi-Oh!
and Sonic X in its lineup, along with adding Dragon Ball Z Kai, a redone version of Dragon Ball Z from Funimation Entertainment that is shared with Nicktoons.
In most markets, most affiliates use the network's current Saturday morning schedule.
Some, such as Atlanta's WUPA-TV broadcast the block on Sundays.
This is usually done because the stations were at one time UPN affiliates and UPN did not have children's television programming on Saturday mornings.
Former WB affiliate WCCT-TV in Hartford airs the first three hours of the block on Saturday mornings and the last two hours on Sunday mornings to make room for their own programing.
KMYS in San Antonio, currently the newest CW affiliate has decided to air the block during early Sunday morning and early Monday morning (split into a two-hour and three-hour block) airing before 5am due to its previous commitment of airing Fox's Weekend Marketplace infomercial block on Saturday mornings (a holdover from its MyNetworkTV affiliation), along with already existing religious and paid programming on Sunday mornings; this by default will force most younger viewers of the block in that market to record it overnight for later viewing.
All times Pacific.
Actual times may vary, depending on affiliate.
Dragon Ball Z Kai (TV-Y7-FV) (also airs on Nicktoons in the USA)
Sonic X (TV-Y7-FV)
TV-Y7-FV) (previously aired on Fox Kids and 4Kids TV in the USA)
5D's (TV-Y7-FV)
Former shows
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Back to the Sewer (TV-Y7-FV) (August 14, 2010 - August 21, 2010)
Dinosaur King (TV-Y7-FV) (August 14, 2010 - October 9, 2010)
Former "Popcorn For Breakfast" Movies
Turtles Forever (TV-Y7-FV)  (August 28, 2010)
4Kids Entertainment
(Defunct)
John Smith was born in the Scottish town of Dalmally in Argyll and Bute.
He became a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) at the 1970 General Election for the constituency of North Lanarkshire (Monklands East from 1983).
In 1978, he was given a cabinet post however lost this after Labour's defeat at the 1979 General Election.
He continued in the shadow cabinet until 1992, when Labour leader Neil Kinnock resigned and Smith was elected leader.
During Smith's time as leader, opinion polls showed that Labour were becoming more likely to win an election than the Conservatives.
On 12 May 1994 in London, Smith died of a heart attack and was buried on the Scottish isle of Iona.
Tony Blair replaced Smith as Labour leader on 21 July 1994.
Serie C is the third highest division of Football in Italy after the Serie A and Serie B. It has its headquarters in Florence.
In the past, it also had a club from San Marino in it.
The league in the past was divided as Lega Pro Prima Divisione and Lega Pro Seconda Divisione.
However, it was combined as only one division: Serie C, in 2017.
It was originally founded as the Serie C in 1935, rebranded in 2014 to Lega Pro, and then rebranded again to Serie C in 2017.
Stopping power is a way to measure how powerful a firearm is.
Stopping power is a measure of how quickly the gun kills an animal, for instance.
Many large animals are not killed after being shot with an ordinary gun and can do damage before they die.
Elephant guns, which have much more stopping power, are used to kill the large animal quickly.
The TERGV (for Regional Express Train on high-speed line) is a model to run trains in Nord-Pas-de-Calais.
The idea is to run regional trains on lines constructed for "express trains", instead of the "classic lines".
This works only in the case that the high-speed line is used only rarely.
Running regional trains on such lines slows down the express trains, and costs more than running them on the classic lines.
Despite these problems, the concept is very promising for distances between 100 and 200 km.
Lille-Dunkerque (30 minutes)
Lille-Calais-Boulogne-sur-Mer (55 min, 30 min to Calais)
To use these connections, an extra fee must be paid, which is three euros, per day.
Another line, Lille to Arras has been opened.
This line does not require the extra fee, and has proved very successful.
He is perhaps best known as Farmer Fran in The Waterboy.
His other known role is as the voice of Slinky Dog in Toy Story 3, replacing Varney who died in 2000 (and, according to John Lasseter, Clark sounds an "awful lot like him").
It was revealed that Clark and Varney had known each other for a long time.
Clark was born in Macon, Georgia.
He graduated from LaGrange College in 1969 with a degree in the performing arts.
A decorated Infantry Platoon Leader in the Vietnam War, Clark brought the plight of the Vietnam Veteran to the people of America in a humorous way in the 80's and was adopted by numerous Veteran Organizations throughout the United States.
His personal quote is "I was born and raised in Georgia and fought in Vietnam.
It was like being punished for the same thing twice.
In fact, I used to have flashbacks in Vietnam."
Having moved from his home state of Georgia to Hollywood, Clark soon landed his first Tonight Show with Johnny Carson and soon thereafter, was cast in his first of many recurring roles on Television as Fred the Chauffeur on Remington Steele.
Since then, he has been Harry, Tim Taylor's friend on Home Improvement; Jules, the next-door neighbor on The Drew Carey Show; Chet Hunter, Sean's father on Boy Meets World, and Bob the womanizing boss on The Jamie Foxx Show.
And he recently received critical acclaim as Drew Barrymore's father in the hit movie, 50 First Dates.
He also acted as an umpire in the 2006 movie The Benchwarmers.
He even came out in the 2008 movie Get Smart, starring Steve Carell and Anne Hathaway.
Clark has traveled the world doing comedy and recently went to Iraq for an extended USO Tour with Drew Carey.
He is a warm, intelligent, funny, and innovative social commentator with a quiet patriotism that he lives as well as portrays.
His comedy runs the gamut from observation on the current military conflict to his Southern root in Georgia.
He is a man of all seasons.
He has also made special appearances in Politically Incorrect, Memorial Day, 2001, Redneck Comedy Roundup, Redneck Comedy Roundup 2, Campus Movie Network, Mancow's Morning Madhouse, Waste Watch Journal, and others as well.
25 (TV) (1985)
Moonlighting (TV) (1985)
St. Elmo's Fire (TV) (1985)
Newhart (TV) (1985-86)
Long Time Gone (TV) (1986)
Fast Food (1989)
Wired (1989)
Johnny Handsome (1989)
The Dark Wind (1991)
Grave Secrets: The Legacy of Hilltop Drive (TV) (1992)
Ladybugs (1992)
9 (1992)
Thea (TV) (1994)
Alone in the Woods (1996)
Tycus (1998)
Smart Guy (TV) (1998)
Valerie Flake (1999)
Critical Mass (2000)
Intrepid (2000)
Bread and Roses (2000)
Donut Men (2001)
Joe Dirt (2001)
Back by Midnight (2002)
Mr. Deeds (2002)
Eight Crazy Nights (2002)
BachelorMan (2003)
Intolerable Cruelty (2003)
50 First Dates (2004)
Todd's Coma (TV) (2005)
The Benchwarmers (2006)
I'm Reed Fish (2006)
I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (2007)
Strange Wilderness (2007)
Wieners (2008)
Toy Story 3 (voice) (2010)
Grown Ups (2010)
Son of Morning (2010)
Highland Park (2010)
The Last Godfather (2011)
Woody's Roundup: The Movie (voice) (2019)
The Greatest American Hero (TV) (1981)
Remington Steele (TV) (1982-89)
M*A*S*H (TV) (1983)
Hot Flashes (TV) (1984)
The Facts of Life (TV) (1986)
Gimme a Break! (
TV) (1987)
Women in Prison (TV) (1987-88)
It's Garry Shandling's Show (TV) (1987-88)
Midnight Caller (TV) (1991)
Shakes the Clown (1991)
Who's the Boss? (
TV) (1991)
Designing Women (TV) (1991)
Roseanne (TV) (1993)
Grace Under Fire (TV) (1993-94)
Comedy: Coast to Coast (TV) (1994)
Tales from the Crypt (TV) (1994)
Home Improvement (TV) (1994-99)
The Drew Carey Show (TV) (1995)
Boy Meets World (TV) (1995-00)
Coach (TV) (1996)
Murphy Brown (TV) (1997)
Arliss (TV) (1998)
The Jamie Foxx Show (TV) (1999-00)
Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (TV) (2001)
Lucky (TV) (2003)
Lost at Home (TV) (2003)
Cold Case (TV) (2004)
My Name Is Earl (TV) (2005)
Everybody Hates Chris (TV) (2006)
Good Luck Charlie (1 episode, 2010)
Hawaiian Vacation (2011)
Toy Story Toons (2011)
Toy Story 3: The Video Game (voice) (VG) (2010)
Planet of the Apes is an American science fiction movie released on February 8, 1968, directed by Franklin J. Schaffner, and produced by Arthur P. Jacobs.
It was based on the novel La planète des singes written by Pierre Boulle and released in 1963.
The movie stars Charlton Heston and features Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, James Whitmore, James Daly, and Linda Harrison.
It was released by 20th Century Fox.
The film's story is about an astronaut crew who leave Earth on a deep space mission and crash land on a supposedly alien planet in the 40th century.
Ony three out of the four crew members survive the crash and the survivors find the world to be home to a society of apes; including gorillas, orangutans, and chimpanzees.
These apes have the intelligence of human beings as well as the ability to speak and walk upright like humans.
Humans in this society are treated like slaves and live in the wilderness without the ability to speak.
At the end of the movie, one of the crew members finds the Statue of Liberty and realizes they were on Earth all along.
Reception and influence
Planet of the Apes was a box office success, meaning it earned a good amount of money and got highly favourable reviews from critics.
The movie was given praise for exploring ideas such as class differences, religion, slavery, racism, and nuclear technology.
Liberal online magazine Fadewblogs included the film in their list of must-watch movies for atheists.
It was followed by four sequels: Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970), Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971), Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972), and Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973).
A live action television show was shown in 1974 and an animated television show called Return to the Planet of the Apes came out in 1975.
In the animated cartoon The Fairly OddParents episode Abra-Catastrophe!
has a segment where humans are slave cavemen and the apes are their overlords!
In 2001, a remake of the movie was made directed by Tim Burton and starred Mark Wahlberg, Helena Bonham Carter, Tim Roth, Michael Clarke Duncan, and Kris Kristofferson.
In August 2011, the series was rebooted with Rise of the Planet of the Apes, followed by two sequels Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and War for the Planet of the Apes in 2014 and 2017.
A third sequel is planned.
Planet of the Apes movies
A small business, sometimes called a mom and pop store by some in the United States, is a business that is privately owned and operated.
They have a small number of employees and do not sell many things.
Whether or not the law says that a business is "small" is different in different countries and industries.
The Australian Fair Work Act 2009 says that a small business is a business with less than 15 employees.
In the European Union, to be called "small", a business must have fewer than 50 employees.
In the United States, a business must have fewer than 500 employees to qualify for some Small Business Administration programs.
In India businesses with fewer than ten employees are in the "Unorganised sector".
Small businesses are common in many countries.
Some examples include: convenience stores, other small shops (such as a bakery), hairdressers, tradesmen, lawyers, accountants, restaurants, guest houses, photographers, small-scale manufacturing, and online business, such as web design and programming.
Good things about small business
A small business can be started at a very low cost.
It also does not need to be open all the time.
Independence is another good thing about owning a small business.
Being able to operate by themselves is a good thing for small business owners.
Small business owners can make their own decisions about what they want to do with their company.
However, entrepreneurs often must work very long hours and understand that their customers are their bosses.
Problems for small businesses
Hydration is the adding of water molecules to a chemical substance.
The anhydrous (without water) form and the hydrated (with water) form can be quite different.
The hydrated form is called a "hydrate".
For example, anhydrous tin(IV) chloride is a liquid, while the pentahydrate (with 5 water molecules) is a solid.
Anhydrous copper sulfate is white or light green, while the hydrated form is blue.
Anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride is blue, while the hydrated form is red.
Anhydrous copper(II) chloride is brown, while the dihydrate is green.
The number of water molecules for each atom is given by a prefix.
Mono- means 1, di- means 2, tri- means 3, tetra- means 4, penta- means 5, hexa- means 6, hepta- means 7, octo- means 8, nona- means 9, deca- means 10.
Pocket Ref is a small book that contains various information including tips, tables, maps, science facts, weather information, and so on.
It is in a small shape that is made to fit in a pocket.
It is written by Thomas J. Glover and published by Sequoia Publishing, Inc.
Rival Lovers is a dialogue that was thought to have been written by Plato.
In Rival Lovers, Socrates is the main character who asks questions.
An art movement, or ism, is a style in art.
It may have a common philosophy, followed by a group of artists.
It may be a label given by a critic to describe a type of artwork.
It is typical of the post-photography era that art explores new directions.
Some art movements can be pinned down to a time and place, or to particular artists.
Verbal explanation of movements may come from the artists themselves, sometimes in the form of an art manifesto (published statement).
Quite often, a movement is labelled afterwards by some art historian or critic.
Art movements may be connected to similar ideas in architecture, literature, philosophy or even politics.
In rough date order:
classicism
neoclassicism
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
post-impressionism
suprematism
geometric abstraction
constructivism
Stratford is an inner-city area of east London which hosted the 2012 London Olympics.
Stratford is in the London Borough of Newham.
The name Leah has biblical roots, and means wild cow in Hebrew.
In Genesis, the first book of the Bible, Leah is the older sister of Rachel.
Leah marries Jacob and becomes the mother of six sons: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, and a daughter, Dinah.
Conceptual art is art in which the concepts or ideas involved in the work are more important than traditional aesthetic and material concerns.
Many of the works, sometimes called installations, may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions.
This method was fundamental to one of the first to appear in print:
"In conceptual art the idea or concept is the most important aspect of the work.
When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a perfunctory affair.
The idea becomes a machine that makes the art".
Conceptual art even questions the nature of art.
Joseph Kosuth elevated this into a definition of art itself in his early manifesto of conceptual art.
The notion that art should examine its own nature was already part of art critic Clement Greenberg's vision of modern art during the 1950s.
With the emergence of an exclusively language-based art in the 1960s, however, conceptual artists began a far more radical analysis of art than was previously done.
One of the first things they questioned was the assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects.
In a rigid body, the centre of mass is always in the same place.
In a loose collection the center of mass may be in space, as it is in the Solar System.
Also, as planets' orbits change slightly, so will the position of the barycenter.
A simple way to understand the concept of barycenter is to push a supermarket trolley.
If you hold only one corner and push, it will only go in a straight line when you push through the centre of mass.
Otherwise a turning force is created.
This shows that the mass acts as if it were only in one place.
The center of gravity is a closely related term.
It is the point where an object can be balanced perfectly by a sharp point holding it up under the object.
It is the center of mass acting in a gravitational field.
The concept of center of mass was first introduced by the ancient Greek physicist, mathematician, and engineer Archimedes of Syracuse.
Archimedes showed that the torque (turning force) exerted on a lever by weights resting at various points along the lever is the same as what it would be if all of the weights were moved to a single point — their center of mass.
Relation between the two terms
The center of mass is often called the center of gravity because any uniform gravitational field g acts on a system as if the mass M of the system were concentrated at the center of mass R.
Implication (grammar): this is to suggest something is true, without actually saying it.
Most uses of the term are of this type.
Implication (logic): what follows in syllogism.
If all men are mortal, and Aristotle is a man, the implication is that Aristotle is mortal.
Implication in logic is only used within formal logical systems.
Marcel Duchamp (28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist movements.
Duchamp's output influenced the development of post-World War I Western art.
He advised modern art collectors, such as Peggy Guggenheim and other prominent figures, thereby helping to shape the tastes of Western art during this period.
A playful man, Duchamp challenged conventional thought about artistic processes and art marketing, not so much by writing, but through subversive actions such as dubbing a urinal art and naming it Fountain.
This approach would 50 years later be called conceptual art, though he himself used the term 'ready-mades' for this idea.
He produced relatively few artworks, while moving quickly through the avant-garde circles of his time.
Duchamp and chess
Upon his return to Paris in 1923, Duchamp was, in essence, no longer a practicing artist.
Instead, he played chess, which he studied for the rest of his life to the exclusion of most other activities.
Duchamp can be seen, very briefly, playing chess with Man Ray in the short film Entr'acte (1924) by René Clair.
Duchamp continued to play in the French Championships and also in the Chess Olympiads from 1928–1933, favoring hypermodern openings such as the Nimzo-Indian.
The Gaslight Anthem is an American punk band from New Brunswick, New Jersey.
The members are Brian Fallon (lead vocals, guitar), Alex Rosamilia (guitar, backing vocals), Alex Levine (bass guitar, backing vocals) and Benny Horowitz (drums, percussion, tambourine).
They released their first album, Sink or Swim, on XOXO Records in May 2007, and their second album, The '59 Sound, on SideOneDummy Records in August 2008.
The band's third album, American Slang, was released on June 15, 2010.
Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928) is a French politician.
He was born in La Trinitié-sur-Mer, Brittany, France.
He was the leader of the French National Front (FN) from 1972 until 2011, which is a far-right political party in France.
He stands for immigration restrictions, the death penalty, raising incentives for homemakers, and is against the EU.
He is strongly against same-sex marriage, euthanasia and abortion.
Le Pen served in the French Army from 1953 to 1957.
Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the FN in 1972 and has been its leader ever since.
He became a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in 1984 and has run for President of France five times; in 1974, 1988, 1995, 2002 and 2007.
He came second in the 2002 election.
Le Pen has often been considered to have xenophobic and antisemitic views and was accused of having practised torture when he fought in the Algerian War (1954-1962).
He was suspended from the FN on 4 May 2015.
The youngest of his three daughters is FN leader Marine Le Pen.
His granddaughter is FN MP Marion Maréchal-Le Pen.
National Front (France) politicians
Leaders of political parties
Ascanio Sobrero (12 October 1812 - 26 December 1888) was an Italian chemist, who discovered nitroglycerin in 1847.
He was born in Casale, Monferrato and worked in Paris.
He was made a professor of chemistry at Turino.
His face was badly hurt during an experiment with nitroglycerin.
He thought it was too dangerous to be of any practical use.
He said that he was ashamed to have discovered something that killed people.
He died in Turin, Italy.
COBRA (or CoBrA) was a European avant-garde movement active from 1949 to 1951.
The name was coined in 1948 by Christian Dotremont from the initials of the members' home cities: Copenhagen (Co), Brussels (Br), Amsterdam (A).
COBRA was formed by Karel Appel, Constant, Corneille, Christian Dotremont, Asger Jorn, and Joseph Noiret on the 8th November 1948 in the Café Notre-Dame, Paris, with the signing of a manifesto, "La Cause Était Entendue" (The Case Was Settled), drawn up by Dotremont.
Formed with a unifying doctrine of complete freedom of colour and form, as well as antipathy towards surrealism, the artists also shared an interest in Marxism as well as modernism.
Coming together as an amalgamation of the Dutch group Reflex, the Danish group Høst and the Belgian Revolutionary Surrealist Group, the group only lasted a few years but managed to achieve a number of objectives in that time; the periodical Cobra, a series of collaborations between various members called Peintures-Mot and two large-scale exhibitions.
In November 1949 the group officially changed its name to 'Internationale des Artistes Expérimentaux' with membership having spread across Europe and the USA, although this name has never stuck.
The movement was officially disbanded in 1951, but many of its members remained close, with Dotremont in particular continuing collaborations with many of the leading members of the group.
The primary focus of the group consisted of semi-abstract paintings with brilliant color, violent brushwork, and distorted human figures inspired by primitive and folk art and similar to American action painting.
Cobra was a milestone in the development of Tachisme and European abstract expressionism.
Karel Appel (1921-2006)
Corneille (1922-2010)
Pierre Alechinsky (born 1927)
Else Alfelt (1910-1974)
Jean-Michel Atlan (1913-1960)
Mogens Balle (1921-1988)
Ejler Bille (1910-2004)
Pol Bury (1922-2005)
Jacques Calonne (born 1930)
Hugo Claus (1929-2008)
Christian Dotremont (1922-1979)
Lotti van der Gaag (1923-1999)
William Gear (1915-1997)
Stephen Gilbert (1910-2007)
Svavar Guðnason (1909-1988)
Reinhoud d'Haese (1928-2007)
Henry Heerup (1907-1993)
Egill Jacobsen (1910-1998)
Édouard Jaguer (1924-2006)
Asger Jorn (1914-1973)
Aart Kemink (1914-2006)
Lucebert (1924-1994)
Ernest Mancoba (1904-2002)
Sonja Ferlov Mancoba (1911-1984)
Jørgen Nash (1920-2004)
Jan Nieuwenhuys (1922-1986)
Erik Ortvad (1917-2008)
Pieter Ouborg (1893-1956)
Carl-Henning Pedersen (1913-2007)
Raoul Ubac (1910-1985)
Serge Vandercam (1924-2005)
Huntfor.com/arthistory
Didrichsenmuseum.fi
Galerie Birch, Danish gallery founded 1946 specializing in COBRA
Museum Jorn, Silkeborg
March 0, although a nonexistent date, is often another name for the leap day February 29.
People who were born on a leap day can celebrate their birthday on "March 0", but this date is technically either February  28 or March 1.
It can also be used in software programs.
Margraves of Tuscany, 812–1197
House of Boniface
These were originally counts of Lucca who extended their power over the neighbouring counties!
Boniface I, 812-813
Boniface II, 828-834
Aganus, 835-845
Adalbert I, 847-886
Adalbert II the Rich, 886-915
Guy, 915-929
Lambert, 929-931
House of Boso
These were the (mostly illegitimate) relatives of Hugh of Arles, King of Italy, whom he appointed to their post after removing the dynasty of Boniface!
Boso, 931-936
Humbert, 936-961
Hugh the Great, 961-1001
Boniface (III), 1004-1011
Rainier, 1014-1027
These were the descendants of the Counts of Canossa!
Boniface III, 1027-1052
Frederick, 1052-1055
Matilda, 1052-1115
Beatrice of Bar, 1052-1055 (regent as mother of Frederick and Mathilda)
Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine, 1053-1069 (regent as husband of Beatrice and step-father to Frederick and Matilda)
Godfrey the Hunchback, Duke of Lower Lorraine, 1069-1076 (regent as husband of Matilda)
Welf II, 1089-1095 (co-regent as husband of Matilda)
Conrad von Scheiern, 1120-1127
Engelbert III of Sponheim, 1135-1137
Henry the Proud, Duke of Bavaria, 1137-1139
Ulrich of Attems, 1139-1152 (imperial vicar)
Welf VI, 1152-1160
Welf VII, 1160-1167
Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne, 1160-1163 (imperial vicar)
Christian of Buch, Archbishop of Mainz 1163-1173 (imperial vicar)
Welf VI, 1167-1173
Philip, 1195-1197
After this, Tuscany was splintered between the competing republics of Florence, Pisa, Siena, Arezzo, Pistoia and Lucca.
Since the 14th century, Florence gained dominance over Pistoia (1306, officially annexed 1530), Arezzo (1384), Pisa (1406), and Siena (1559).
Lucca was an independent republic until the Napoleonic period in the 19th century!
Rulers of Florence, 1434-1569
De facto rulers of the House of Medici, 1434-1531
Cosimo de' Medici 1434-1464
Piero I de' Medici 1464-1469 ("The Gouty")
Lorenzo I de' Medici 1469-1492 ("The Magnificent")
Giuliano de' Medici 1469-1478
Piero II de' Medici 1492-1494
Republic restored 1494-1512
Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici 1512-1513
Lorenzo II de' Medici 1513-1519
Cardinal Giulio de' Medici 1519-1523
Ippolito de' Medici 1523-1527
Alessandro de' Medici 1523-1527
Republic restored 1527-1530
Alessandro de' Medici 1530-1531
Dukes of Florence, 1531-1569
Alessandro 1532-1537
Cosimo I 1537-1569
Medici Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1569-1737
Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1569-1574
Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1574-1587
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1587-1609
Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1609-1621
Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1621-1670
Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1670-1723
Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1723-1737
Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1737-1801
Francesco II Stefano of Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1737-1765
Pietro Leopoldo I of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1765-1790
Ferdinando III of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1790-1801
Bourbon Kings of Etruria, 1801-1807
Lodovico I of Parma, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1801-1803
Carlo Lodovico II of Parma, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1803-1807
Tuscany was given to France, 1807-1814.
Napoleon's sister Elisa Bonaparte was given the honorary title of Grand Duchess of Tuscany, but did not actually rule over the region.
Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1814-1860
Ferdinando III of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany (27 April 1814 - 18 June 1824
Leopoldo II of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany (18 June 1824 - 21 July 1859) son of Ferdinando III.
Ferdinando IV of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany (21 July 1859 - 22 March 1860) son of Leopoldo II
Leopoldo II was driven from Tuscany by revolution from 21 February to 12 April 1849, and again on 27 April 1859.
He abdicated in favor of his son, Ferdinando IV, on 21 July 1859, but Ferdinando IV was never recognised in Tuscany, and was deposed by the government on 16 August.
Tuscany was annexed by Kingdom of Sardinia, on 22 March 1860
Titular Grand Dukes, 1860-present
Ferdinand IV of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1860-1908
Joseph Ferdinand of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1908-1921
Peter Ferdinand of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1921-1948
Gottfried of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1948-1984
Leopold Franz of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1984-1993
Sigismund of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1993-Present
List of Tuscan consorts
Line of succession to the Tuscan throne
Interactive Medici Family Tree
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (, ) was a monarchy in Tuscany, an area in the north-west of the Italian Peninsula.
It existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859.
It replaced the Duchy of Florence.
It was ruled by the Grand Duke of Tuscany.
The capital of the grand duchy was Florence.
Until the House of Lorraine took over from the Medici, Tuscany was a state of the Holy Roman Empire until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
Under the Medici the heir to the grand ducal throne was called the "Grand Prince of Tuscany" whereas the Lorrainers used various titles for the heir apparent.
1859 disestablishments
Former monarchies in Italy
19th-century disestablishments in Italy
Cosimo II de' Medici (12 May 1590 – 28 February 1621) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1609 until 1621.
He was the elder son of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Christine of Lorraine.
He married Maria Magdalena of Austria and had eight children.
Galileo Galilei was his childhood tutor.
For the most of his eleven-year reign, he delegated the administration of Tuscany to his ministers.
He is best remembered as the patron of Galileo Galilei, his childhood tutor.
Family and children
Maria Cristina  de' Medici (24 August 1609 – 9 August 1632) died unmarried.
Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670), who married Vittoria della Rovere (7 February 1622 – 6 March 1694) and had children.
Gian Carlo de' Medici (24 July 1611 – 23 January 1663) made Cardinal in 1644.
Margherita de' Medici (31 May 1612 – 6 February 1679) married Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma and had children.
Mattias de' Medici (9 May 1613 – 14 October, 1667) later made Governor of Siena.
Francesco de' Medici (16 October 1614 – 25 July 1634) died unmarried.
Anna de' Medici (21 July 1616 – 11 September 1676) who married Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria (1628-1662)
Leopoldo de' Medici (6 November 1617 – 10 November 1675) made Cardinal in 1667.
12 May 1590 - 17 February 1609 His Highness The Grand Prince of Tuscany.
17 February 1609 - 28 February 1621 His Highness The Most Serene Grand Duke of Tuscany.
Maria Magdalena of Austria or Maria Maddalena of Austria (7 October 1589 – 1 November 1631) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany from her husband's accession in 1609 until his death in 1621.
With him, she had eight children, including a duchess of Parma, a grand duke of Tuscany, and an archduchess of Further Austria.
She was the youngest daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria, and his wife Maria Anna of Bavaria.
During the minority of her son, Grand Duke Ferdinando II, she and her mother-in-law Christina of Lorraine acted as regents.
She died in Padua.
Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670), who married Vittoria della Rovere (7 February 1622 – 6 March 1694) and had issue.
Margherita de' Medici (31 May 1612 – 6 February 1679) married Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma and had issue.
Mattias de' Medici (9 May 1613 – 14 October, 1667) Governor of Siena.
1589 births
The Liverpool Castle started in 1232.
Ducal state Brunswick-Luneburg was formed in 1235.
St. Mark Basilica of Heraklion, Venitian Crete built in 1239
Margherita de' Medici (31 May 1612 – 6 February 1679) was Duchess of Parma and Piacenza by her marriage to Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma.
Margherita was regent of Plaisance in 1635 and regent of the entire duchy in 1646 after the death of her husband.
Margherita's siblings included Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cardinal Gian Carlo de' Medici, Cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici and Anna, wife of Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Further Austria.
Margherita's other siblings died in childhood or eary adulthood.
Margherita married Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma on 11 October 1628.
On 11 September 1646 Odoardo died.
Their eldest son, Ranuccio was not yet old enough to rule the Duchy alone so Margherita acted as regent until her son was old enough to govern alone.
She died in Parma on February 6 1679.
Caterina Farnese (2 October 1629) died at birth.
Ranuccio Farnese, Duke of Parma (17 September 1630 – 11 December 1694) married (1) Margaret Yolande of Savoy, (2) Isabella d'Este, (3) Maria d'Este.
Alessandro Farnese (10 January 1635 - 18 February 1689), Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands died unmarried.
Onorato Farnese (24 January 1636 -2  November 1656) died unmarried.
Maria Caterina Farnese (3 September 1637 - 24 April 1648) a nun
Maria Maddalena Farnese (15 July 1638 - 11 March 1693) died unmarried.
Pietro Farnese (4 April 1639 - 4 March 1677) died unmarried.
Ottavio Farnese (5 January 1641 - 4 August 1641) died in infancy.
Dukes and Duchesses of Parma
She gave her husband four children, two of which would survive infancy the future Cosimo III and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro.
She was the Duchess of Rovere and Montefeltro in her own right and these went to her youngest son when she died.
She was later the guardian of her three grandchildren.
Her marriage bought a lot of art treasures to the House of Medici which are today at the Palazzo Pitti Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
She did not get on with her daughter in law Marguerite Louise d'Orléans.
She was the daughter of Claudia de' Medici.
She was distantly related to her husband.
Unnamed daughter (1640)
Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (14 August 1642 – 31 October 1723) married Marguerite Louise d'Orléans and had issue.
Francesco Maria de' Medici (12 November 1660 – 3 February 1711) married Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga, no issue.
7 February 1622 – 6 April 1637 Her Highness Vittoria della Rovere, Princess of Urbino
6 April 1637 – 23 May 1670 Her Most Serene Highness The Grand Duchess of Tuscany
23 May 1670 –  5 March 1694 Her Most Serene Highness The Dowager Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Eleanora Luisa Gonzaga (13 November 1686 – 16 March 1741) was the Duchess of Rovere and Montefeltro as the wife of Francesco Maria de' Medici.
She was the only child of Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla and Sabbioneta and his second wife, Maria Vittoria Gonzaga.
She did not bear any children and died mad.
The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (French: la Ligue de hockey junior majeur du Québec, shortened as QMJHL in English, LHJMQ in French) is one of the three major junior ice hockey leagues which make up the Canadian Hockey League.
Because the name of the league is so long, it is sometimes called the "Q".
There are 18 teams in the QMJHL that are in Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island in Canada.
The winner of the QMJHL plays against the winners of the Western Hockey League and Ontario Hockey League for the Memorial Cup.
Many good players go from the QMJHL to the National Hockey League, and nine players from the QMJHL are in the Hockey Hall of Fame.
The QMJHL was created in 1969 from two different junior leagues in Quebec, the Quebec Junior Hockey League and the Metropolitan Montreal Junior Hockey League.
These two teams wanted to make a better junior league for the province, so combined teams from their leagues.
Eight teams were from the QJHL and two from the MMJHL and another team came from a town in Ontario on the Ontario-Quebec border.
Nearly every team was within a close distance of Montreal, the largest city in Quebec, though no team played in Montreal.
In 1972 the QMJHL finally wanted a team in Montreal, and tried to get the Montreal Junior Canadiens, who played in the Ontario Hockey Association, to join.
The OHA made a deal with the QMJHL and gave them the Junior Canadiens while creating a new team in a different city to keep an OHA team with the same name.
Member teams
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League Official website
Canadian Hockey League Official website
Internet Hockey Database Archive of standings and statistics
Sport in Quebec
is a tower in Osaka, Japan.
It is a well-known landmark and shows advertisements for Hitachi, Ltd.  The tower is 103 meters tall.
The main observation deck is 91 meters above the ground.
The three characters in the name mean "Reaching Heaven Tower".
It is in Shinsekai, part of Naniwa Ward.
Tsūtenkaku Kanko Co., Ltd. owns the tower.
The current tower is the second tower on the site.
The original tower was built in 1912.
The design was based on the Eiffel Tower.
The tower had an cable car that connected it to a nearby amusement park called Luna Park.
The original was 64 meters tall.
It was the second tallest building in Asia at that time.
It quickly became one of the most popular locations in the city.
Visitors came from all over.
There was a fire in 1943 which severely damaged the tower.
It was not repaired.
The tower was taken apart and the steel was used to make things for World War II.
After the war, citizens wanted to rebuild the popular tower.
A private company called Tsūtenkaku Kanko Co. Ltd. was set up for this purpose.
They hired Tachu Naito to design it.
He was nicknamed Japan's "Father of Towers".
The new tower opened in 1956.
In 1957, Hitachi started putting neon sign advertisements on the tower.
The advertisements have usually been changed every 5 or 6 years.
Hitachi last changed the signs in 2006.
New signs are scheduled for autumn 2011.
The new signs will use LED lights, not neon.
Other lights on the tower also show weather information.
JR West, Osaka Loop Line and Yamatoji Line, Shin-Imamiya Station, East Exit (10 minute walk)
Nankai Railway, Nankai Main Line and Koya Line, Shin-Imamiya Station, East Exit (10 minute walk)
Osaka Municipal Subway Sakaisuji Line (brown line), Ebisuchō Station, Exit 3 (3 minute walk)
Osaka Municipal Subway Midosuji Line (red line), Dobutsuen-mae Station, Exit 5 (10 minute walk)
Hankai Tramway, Hankai Line, Ebisucho Station (3 minute walk)
Photos of the tower today
Photos of the original tower
Medici was born in Florence.