the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Five and dime (also known as five-cent stores, dime stores, and ten-cent stores) is a type of store that was popular in the United States in the early to mid-20th century.
They sold many different items, most of which were worth five or ten cents.
Popular five and dimes included:
Duckwall-ALCO Retail Stores
Ben Franklin Stores
Butler Brothers
W.T. Grant
Kresge's
McCrory Stores
J.J. Newberry
TG&Y
McLellan's
H.L. Green
G.C. Murphy
Neisner Brothers ("Big N" in later years)
Woolworth's
M.H. Fishman Stores
Mattingly Brothers
The Legend of Zelda is a series of open world adventure video games.
The games are typically about a boy named Link who has to rescue Princess Zelda from Ganon.
The first game of the franchise was made by Shigeru Miyamoto and was first sold February 21, 1986 by Nintendo.
Most of the Zelda games take place in the fictional kingdom of Hyrule.
The games all have fighting, adventuring, item collecting, puzzle-solving, and sometimes racing parts.
The Legend of Zelda series has sold over 125 million games, with 22 different games in the series during 2017, making it the 20th best-selling video game series ever.
Link - The protagonist of the game, who uses the items and skills he's collected over the game to save the day and save the princess (Zelda).
Zelda - The princess who sometimes gets kidnapped but gets saved by Link.
Ganon or Ganondorf - A reoccurring antagonist who tries to conquer the land.
Right now, there are 26 games in the main series, including the remakes.
The Legend of Zelda (1986/NES)
Zelda II: The Adventure of Link (1988/NES)
The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past (1992/SNES)
The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening (1993/GB)
The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening DX (1998/GBC)
The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (1998/N64)
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask (2000/N64)
The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Ages (2001/GBC)
The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons (2001/GBC)
The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past/Four Swords (2002/GBA)
The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker (2003/GCN)
The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap (2004/GBA)
The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures (2005/GCN)
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (2006/GCN/Wii)
The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass (2007/NDS)
The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks (2009/NDS)
The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D (2011/3DS)
The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword (2011/Wii)
The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker HD (2013/WiiU)
The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds (2013/3DS)
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask 3D (2015/3DS)
The Legend of Zelda: Tri Force Heroes (2015/3DS)
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD (2016/WiiU)
The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017/WiiU/Switch)
The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening (2019/Switch)
The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword HD (2021/Switch)
Hyrule is a fictional world in The Legend of Zelda series.
It is inhabited by many races, including Hylians, Gorons, Zoras, and others.
Death Mountain is a large volcano that Goron species lives on.
Ganon has also had his lair in Death Mountain twice.
Gerudo Desert is a desert that Ganondorf was born in.
Only once every 100 years is a man born, so almost every Gerudo is a woman.
Hyrule Castle is the home of the Royal Family, which includes Princess Zelda.
It is often Ganon's target.
Kakariko Village is a village that first appeared in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past.
It appears in many other games after.
Lake Hylia is a lake in many of the games.
It is often the way to Zora's Domain, the home of the Zora species.
The Lost Woods is a forest in many of the games in the series that is easy to get lost in.
The Master Sword rests here in A Link to the Past and Link's home, Kokiri Forest, is right next to the Lost Woods in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.
Great Sea
Long after the adult version Link from The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time disappeared, Ganon returned, and when Link did not come to save the people of Hyrule, they asked the Goddesses to flood Hyrule.
Hyrule was flooded, and many people died because of it.
Hyrule was lost under the sea, and people lived on islands that are scattered around the Great Sea.
The events of The Wind Waker take place many years after.
Termina is a land only in Majora's Mask that Link finds in the Lost Woods, that he has to save before the Moon crashes into it.
It is an alternate land to Hyrule, and has many places and people that look or act like people from The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.
The people who live in Termina are sometimes referred to as Terminans, or Terminan Hylians.
The Master Sword is a sword found in The Legend of Zelda series.
Link uses it as a weapon in most games.
Known as the Sword of Evil's Bane, the Sword of Time, the Sword of Resurrection, and the Sword That Seals the Darkness.
The Master Sword is to only be held by a person destined to be the Hero chosen by the Goddesses.
Link in The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword is the first holder of the Master Sword.
The other Links are then given the right to wield the Master Sword because they carry the spirit of the Hero.
The Triforce is a mystic object in The Legend of Zelda universe created by gods Din, Nayru, and Farore.
It has three parts - the first part is the Triforce of Courage, which Link has, the second is the Triforce of Wisdom, which Princess Zelda has, and the third is the Triforce of Power, which Ganon has.
When it is completed, the person who unites it can make a wish using the power of the gods.
Sheikah
The Sheikah are a group of people in The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild.
Zeldapedia, a Zelda wiki hosted on Wikia
Zelda Wiki, and independent wiki covering the Legend of Zelda series.
Note: years before or after the 3rd century are in italics.
Note: years before or after the 2nd century are in italics.
Walmart () is a company founded by Sam Walton in 1962.
It is one of the world's largest companies, behind Exxon Mobil.
Walmart stores are large department stores that sell many different things.
There are more than 8,000 Wal-Mart stores around the world, and over 2 million people work for Walmart.
Places Walmart can be found
Walmart can be found in a lot of places around the world.
It is mostly found around the United States but can also be found in Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom, some Asian countries, some African countries and some South American countries.
Walmart has not yet reached Oceania.
Walmart is criticized for having a poor record on labor rights, especially regarding anti union activity.
It has also been criticized for once promoting made in America for its products but now largely importing the products it sells, from developing nations.
Many of these jobs replaced manufacturing jobs in the US.
along with the fact that Walmart retail jobs replaced many mom and pop stores in the US.
In 2005, movie director Robert Greenwald made a documentary movie called Walmart The High Cost of Low Price that criticized Walmart.
After this movie was announced, director Ron Galloway made a film that ended up being released at the same time called Why Walmart Works and Why That Drives Some People CRAZY.
This movie had a positive view of Walmart.
Companies based in Arkansas
20th-century establishments in Arkansas
Samuel Moore Walton was an American businessman.
He was born on March 29, 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma.
Walton created the well-known American stores, Wal-Mart and Sam's Club.
Walton was born to Thomas Gibson Walton and Nancy Lee Walton.
He was part of the Walton family, which is one of the richest families in the world.
Walton died on April 6, 1992.
Businesspeople from Arkansas
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Disease-related deaths in Arkansas
Businesspeople from Oklahoma
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), also called the "Big Board," is a stock exchange in New York City.
It is the biggest stock exchange in the United States by the amount of money and the second-biggest stock exchange by the number of companies listed.
Its building is on Wall Street.
Stock exchanges in the United States
A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a place where people meet to buy and sell shares of company stock.
Some stock exchanges are real places (like the New York Stock Exchange), others are virtual places (like the NASDAQ).
International Stock Exchanges
Johannesburg Securities Exchange
Luxembourg Stock Exchange
Madrid Stock Exchange
Milan Stock Exchange
National Stock Exchange
São Paulo Stock Exchange
Korea Stock Exchange
Shanghai Stock Exchange
Stockholm Stock Exchange
Great depression
On October 29, 1929, the American stock market crashed on what is known as Black Tuesday.
A "crash" means that the prices of stock were lowered greatly, and no one wanted to buy it.
Instead, they sold the stock for cheap prices.
Also, banks were trying to buy stock with people's money (stored inside the bank), so the banks ran out of money too.
Because people could not get money back from banks, only a few people could afford the cost of living.
This was the start of the Great Depression.
Indian Stock market  - Types of Mutual Funds (By Structure)
Royal Capital BD - Top retail stock brokerage firm in Bangladesh
1850s:  Trading under a banyan tree opposite Bombay's Town Hall
1875: "Native Share and stockbrokers Association" was formed
1956: Government of India recognizes BSE as the nation's first stock exchange
2014 ; trading is done from drawing room
Bombay Stock Exchange website
Stock exchanges in Asia
1875 establishments in Asia
Sir Stamford Raffles FRS (Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles 5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826),   was the founder of the city of Singapore.
He is one of the most famous Britons who expanded the British Empire.
Raffles was born on the ship Ann to Captain Benjamin Raffles and Anne Raffles.
Although his family was in debt, they managed to give him money for his education.
When he was 14, he started working as a clerk in the British East India Company.
The company sent him to Southeast Asia to look for another port as the trade between Britain and China was increasing.
He married Olivia Mariamne Fancourt.
She was the widow of Jacob Cassivelaun Fancourt, an assistant surgeon in Madras who had died in 1800.
Founding of Singapore
When the British East India Company sent Raffles to Southeast Asia, the company already had two ports, Penang and Bencoolen.
However, these ports were far from the main trading area, the Straits of Malacca.
Dutch ports, Malacca and Java, were closer to the trading area, which made them able to control the trade.
They cut off the trade between Penang and the important trading centres at the Malay Archipelago.
The British East India Company thus needed a new port south of Malacca to protect British ships, and they chose Singapore, which was then a small fishing-port.
Singapore had a lot of drinking water and a good location, in the centre of the Straits of Malacca.
It was in an area not controlled by the Dutch.
The deal was settled by Raffles making an agreement with the traditional rulers of the area to pay them money in return for the right to build, expand and use the port.
Singapore eventually grew to be the important trading city-state it is today.
Raffles held the title of Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1813 to 1816.<ref>Ricklefs M.C. 1991.
A history of modern Indonesia since c.1300.
London: MacMillan.
The most famous hotel in Singapore is called Raffles''.
Euronext is a stock exchange in Europe.
It has buildings in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom.
Euronext was created on September 22 2000, when the stock exchanges of Amsterdam, Brussels Stock Exchange and Paris Bourse were joined together in a merger.
In recent years, Euronext has become the fifth largest stock exchange on the planet.
Stock exchanges in Europe
2000 establishments in Europe
Hippopotamidae is a group of even-toed ungulate mammals.
They form the family Hippopotamuses.
There are two living species of Hippopotamuses.
Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)
Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis or Choeropsis liberiensis)
Hiroshi Yamauchi (, Yamauchi Hiroshi, November 7, 1927 – September 19, 2013) was a Japanese businessman.
He was the third president of Nintendo from 1949 until he quit on May 31, 2002.
He transformed Nintendo from a small card-making company to a multibillion-dollar video game company.
He was known as "Mario's Farther".
He died in hospital on September 19, 2013 due to complications from pneumonia.
Japanese businesspeople
Exxon Mobil or ExxonMobil () is the world's biggest oil and gas company.
It was created when Exxon and Mobil, both companies formed after the John D. Rockefeller's original Standard Oil company split apart, joined together in a merger to become one company.
ExxonMobil has been involved in the global warming controversy, as have other Big Oil corporations such as Royal Dutch Shell
William W. George
James R. Houghton
William R. Howell
Reatha King
Philip Lippincott
Henry McKinnell, Jr.
Marilyn Nelson
Walter Shipley
Biggest shareholders
Bender, Rob, and Tammy Cannoy-Bender.
An Unauthorized Guide to: Mobil Collectibles — Chasing the Red Horse.
Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Company, 1999.
Exxon Corporation.
Century of Discovery: An Exxon Album.
Gibb, George S., and Evelyn H. Knowlton.
The Resurgent Years, 1911-1927: History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey).
New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1956.
Hidy, Ralph W., and Muriel E. Hidy.
Pioneering in Big Business, 1882-1911: History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey).
New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1955.
Larson, Henrietta M., and Kenneth Wiggins Porter.
History of Humble Oil & Refining Company: A Study in Industrial Growth.
New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1959.
Larson, Henrietta M., Evelyn H. Knowlton, and Charles S. Popple.
New Horizons, 1927-1950: History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey).
New York: Harper & Row, 1971.
McIntyre, J. Sam.
The Esso Collectibles Handbook: Memorabilia from Standard Oil of New Jersey.
Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Company, 1998.
Sampson, Anthony.
The Seven Sisters: The 100-year Battle for the World's Oil Supply.
New York: Bantom Books, 1991.
Standard Oil Company (New Jersey).
Ships of the Esso Fleet in World War II.
Tarbell, Ida M. All in a Day’s Work: An Autobiography.. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1939.
Tarbell, Ida M., and David Mark Chalmers.
The History of the Standard Oil Company.
New York: Harper & Row, 1966.
Wall, Bennett H. Growth in a Changing Environment: A History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) 1950-1972 and Exxon Corporation (1972–1975).
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1988.
Yergin, Daniel.
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.
ExxonMobil climate change controversy
Exxon's anti-global-warming propaganda expenditures
American fuel companies
Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American who created Microsoft with Bill Gates.
He was the fifth richest person in the United States.
He lived in Mercer Island, Washington.
Allen was also the outright owner of two sports teams, and was part-owner of a third.
He fully owned the Seattle Seahawks of the NFL and the Portland Trail Blazers of the NBA.
He was a minority owner of Seattle Sounders FC in Major League Soccer.
Microsoft people
Businesspeople from Seattle, Washington
Writers from Seattle, Washington
A hero () in Greek mythology is a Demigod, a half-god/half-human being.
Herakles, for example, was the son of the god Zeus and the mortal woman Alkmene.
Heroes performed extraordinary feats and were worshipped in hero cults.
In the modern world, hero has lost its ancient meaning.
It now means someone who is courageous ("The firefighter who saved my baby is a hero.").
Heroes are "heroic", they have "heroism".
They help in saving people or a society from bad people, villains, or natural disasters.
A hero can also be someone who is helpful, polite, or helping people who need it.
The word is used in the sports world to mean an extraordinary player or athlete ("football hero", "Olympic hero", etc.).
The female equivalent of the male hero is the "heroine".
Sometimes, the protagonist (or main character) of a story is called the "hero" of the story.
Some fictional characters are superheroes.
Sonic Rivals is a video game for the PlayStation Portable that came out on November 24, 2006.
The game is made by Backbone Entertainment and Sega.
People can play as Sonic the Hedgehog, Shadow the Hedgehog, Knuckles the Echidna, or Silver the Hedgehog.
PlayStation Portable-only games
Sonic the Hedgehog games
The , called the Sega Genesis in North America is a 16-bit video game console made by Sega.
It is Sega's third video game console.
Sega released it as the Mega Drive in Japan in 1988.
In 1989, they released it in North America as the Genesis.
In Japan, the Mega Drive sold poorly against its two main competitors, Nintendo's Super Famicom and NEC's PC Engine.
However, it sold well in North America, Brazil, and Europe.
Some of the reasons it sold well is because it had many arcade game ports, Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog series, several popular sports franchises, and an aggressive youth marketing that made the system seem like the cool console for teens.
Controversy about violent games such as Night Trap and Mortal Kombat led Sega creating the Videogame Rating Council.
It was a predecessor to the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB).
30.75 million first-party Genesis consoles were sold around the world.
By the mid-2010s, third-party Genesis rereleases were still being sold by AtGames in North America and Europe.
Many games have been rereleased in compilations or on online services such as the Nintendo Virtual Console, Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network, and Steam.
The Genesis was succeeded in 1994 by the Sega Saturn.
In the early 1980s, Sega Enterprises, Inc., was one of the top five arcade game manufacturers in the United States.
At this time, Sega was a subsidiary of Gulf & Western.
Its company revenues was higher than $200 million between July 1981 and June 1982.
In 1982, the arcade business slowed, and it hurt Sega.
It led to Gulf & Western selling its North American arcade manufacturing organization.
They also licensed rights for its arcade games to Bally Manufacturing.
The company kept Sega's North American R&D operation, as well as its Japanese subsidiary, Sega Enterprises, Ltd. With its arcade business hurting, Sega Enterprises, Ltd. president Hayao Nakayama said that the company should to move into the home console market in Japan.
The industry was very new at that time.
Nakayama got permission to move into the home console industry.
This led to the release of Sega's first home video game system, the SG-1000, in July 1983.
It had sold 160,000 units in Japan.
Sega did not expect it to sell that well.
However, sales at stores were dominated by Nintendo's Famicom which had been released the same day.
Sega believed that the Famicom sold about 10 times better than the SG-1000.
The SG-1000 was replaced by the Sega Mark III within two years.
Gulf & Western started getting of its non-core businesses after the death of company creator Charles Bluhdorn.
Nakayama and former Sega CEO David Rosen decided to do a management buyout of the Japanese subsidiary in 1984.
They would do this with financial support from CSK Corporation, a famous Japanese software company.
Nakayama then became CEO of Sega Enterprises, Ltd.
In 1986, Sega redesigned the Mark III for release in North America.
They called it the Sega Master System.
They released it in Europe in 1987.
Although the Master System sold well in Europe and Brazil, it did not sell well in Japan or North America.
By the mid-to-late 1980s, Japan and North America were dominated by Nintendo.
With Sega doing poorly in the home console market, Sega's console R&D team, led by Masami Ishikawa and supervised by Hideki Sato, started working on a successor to the Master System.
They did this almost immediately after the Master System was released.
The Genesis is often considered one of the best video game consoles.
In 2009, IGN said it was the fifth best video game console.
They said it was good because of sports games and better home version of Mortal Kombat.
They praised "what some consider to be the greatest controller ever created: the six button".
In 2007, GameTrailers said the Genesis was the sixth best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming".
They said it was good because it had great games and a good controller.
They also wrote about the "glory days" of Sonic the Hedgehog.
In 2008, GamingExcellence said it was sixth of the 10 best consoles.
They said "one can truly see the Genesis for the gaming milestone it was."
GameDaily said it was ninth of ten for its memorable games.
Sega video game consoles
The  is the fourth and last home console made by Sega that can play video games.
Making the Dreamcast
When it was time to make another video game machine after the Sega Saturn was released, Shoichiro Irimajiri asked Tatsuo Yamamoto from IBM Austin and his group to create it.
However Hideki Sato's old group that made video game machines did not like this.
Because of this, the two groups were in a competition to make the best machine.
Hideki Sato's group used Hitachi SH4 and PowerVR to make a video game machine called "White Belt".
The name was later changed to "Guppy" and then "Katana".
Tatsuo Yamamoto's IBM/Motorola PowerPC 603e and 3dfx Voodoo 2 to make a video game machine called "Blackbelt" and then renamed to "Shark" in United States.
In Japan, the machine was first called "Dural" and then renamed to "Katana".
On April 1997, 3dfx told people that Sega was using their 3dfx Voodoo 2 for a video game machine.
Sega however wanted this to be a secret and became very angry.
Because of this, Sega used Hideki Sato's "Katana" machine instead of Tatsuo Yamamoto's.
Later on, 3dfx sued Sega because they thought Sega broke their promise to them.
However, the two companies then settled out of court.
The Dreamcast was released in Japan in November 27, 1998, and then released September 9, 1999 in North America.
Originally, many people liked the Dreamcast and it sold a lot.
In the United States, 300,000 machines were sold on the first week and Sega earned $98.4 million.
To help the Dreamcast sell even more, Sega told many stores to show some of their best games to customers, like Soul Calibur, Sonic Adventure, Power Stone, and Hydro Thunder.
Electronic Arts, a video games company, said that they did not want to make games for the Dreamcast until it sold one million machines.
This is because Electronic Arts' video games on the Sega Saturn did not make a lot of money.
However, in three months when the Dreamcast did sell one million machines, Electronic Arts still did not want to make games for the Dreamcast and made games for the PlayStation 2 instead.
Outside the USA and Japan
In places like Europe, Sega decided to let other companies make ads for the Dreamcast.
However, Sega did not give the companies enough money, so the companies could not make as many ads as the PlayStation 2, another console that was competing with the Dreamcast.
Some games were not even sold in Europe, because Sega was more focused on selling the Dreamcast in the USA.
Because of this, a lot of people who used to like Sega now liked Sony.
After Sega released their Dreamcast, many other video game companies also released their video game consoles.
This includes Sony, who released the PlayStation 2, which had the advantage of using the DVD-ROM format and being backwards compatible; Nintendo, who released the GameCube; and Microsoft, who released the Xbox.
End of the Dreamcast
Sega's prestige among gamers was at the time heavily damaged because of the lack of good management/marketing back from the Sega Saturn, this also affected certain game developers such as Electronic Arts refusing to develop for the system because of the risk of the Dreamcast becoming just like the Sega Saturn, not selling well.
This was a factor is why this console did not reach its full potential.
Even SEGA's own CEO at the time, Isao Okawa wanted to leave the console business.
In the end, Sega told people on January 31, 2001 that they would be discontinuing the console production.
Sega's last video game sold for Dreamcast was Puyo Pop Fever, which was released on February 24, 2004.
Visual Memory Unit
Controller and Rumble Pack
VGA Adapter
Fishing Rod
Lightgun
Arcade Stick
Twin Sticks
Dreameye
Samba de Amigo controller
VMU/MP3 player
Sega Dreamcast's official website
Sega of America's official website
Dreamcast Scene (DCS) - latest Dreamcast news and active community
IGN Dreamcast
The Platte River (also called the Nebraska River) is a river in the United States that flows into the Missouri River.
It is around 310 miles (or 499 km) long.
One way to count
The person counting in English usually starts with the number one, and gives this number to the first thing.
The next thing is given the number two.
Then, the next thing is given the number three.
If there is another thing, it gets the number four.
If after this there is another thing, it gets the number five.
More things get more numbers.
Each thing gets its own number in this way.
The last number given to the last thing counted shows how many things there are.
For example, to find out the number of hats in a group, a person counts the hats.
The person gives a number to each hat.
John has a black hat, a brown hat and a blue hat.
Mary asks John, "How many hats do you have?".
John  gives the number 1 to the black hat.
John gives the number 2 to the brown hat.
John gives the number 3 to the blue hat.
Now John has no more hats.
The biggest number John gave was three, and each hat has a number.
John tells Mary, "I have three hats".
John has counted the hats.
There are the letters A, Q, L, and S on a piece of paper.
How many letters are there on the piece of paper?
Tom gives numbers to the letters.
The letter A gets the number 1.
The letter Q gets the number 2.
The letter L gets the number 3.
The letter S gets the number 4.
There are no more letters to count.
There are 4 letters on the piece of paper.
More counting
Counting is starting at a number and changing it up or down a certain number of times.
In the examples above, counting started at one and then it changed by one each time something was counted.
So at first the count was one.
Then the count was changed by one, and one plus one is two, so the count was two.
Then the count of two was changed by one again, and two plus one is three, so the count was three.
Counting can go up or down.
Counting can be done on fingers.
More about counting
It has been shown that some birds are good at counting.
Crows
ca:Comptar
A blast off is when a rocket ship lifts off the launch pad.
Another word for blast off is lift off.
NASA is known for its counting down to zero before blast off.
Blast Off, a video game.
Blast Off!,
the album by The Blue Hearts.
Blast Off, the Transformers character.
Blast Off at Woomera, the sci-fi novel.
Blasting Off, the final album of Red Lorry Yellow Lorry.
A launch pad is where rockets and spacecraft are placed until they are ready to blast off.
NASA has its own launch pads for its spacecraft.
Launch pads are often made out of steel reinforced concrete.
Launch pads for larger spacecraft will often have towers to support it during its launch.
Transport buildings and structures
The Space Shuttle was a spacecraft which was used by the American National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA.
Space Shuttles were used to carry astronauts and cargo into space.
Cargo such as satellites, parts of a space station or scientific instruments were taken up into space by the space shuttle.
It was a new kind of spacecraft because it could be used many times.
Parts of the Space Shuttle
The Space Shuttle was made up of 3 parts.
These were the orbiter, the external fuel tank and solid rocket boosters.
The orbiter was shaped like a large airplane with  wings and a tail.
This allowed the Space Shuttle to glide and land on a runway.
This allowed the reusable part of the Shuttle to be very large.
Many spacecraft which came before the Space Shuttle, like the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo used parachutes when landing, and landed on the ocean.
People have said that the Shuttle was very much like a pickup truck because of its usefulness.
The shuttle was launched out of Earth's gravity and into space by 3 rocket engines on the back of the orbiter along with help from 2 long white Solid Rocket Boosters (also called SRBs)  Fuel for the shuttle was stored in the large, usually orange, External Fuel Tank (also called ET).
Before the shuttle reached orbit, the SRBs were released and fell into the Atlantic Ocean where they were towed back to shore for reuse.
The ET was also released but broke up and fell into the Indian Ocean and was not reused.
Cargo Bay add-ons
Orbiter had a payload bay for various missions rather than deploying satellites.
They were the following:
Spacelab: A laboratory used for experiments in space.
Spacehab: Similar to Spacelab, but it has multiple kinds.
Inertial Upper Stage: Upper stage used for sending payloads into higher orbits.
Payload Assist Module: Similar to IUS, but used solid propellants.
Extended Duration Orbiter: Cryogenic kit used for extending the duration of the missions.
Multi-Purpose Logistics Module: Cargo container used for supplying the cargos to International Space Station.
Canadarm: Robotic arm used for any missions.
The space shuttles
Columbia†
Challenger†
There was a Russian Shuttle called Buran.
It flew one unmanned flight before being retired.
The Buran was destroyed in a hangar collapse in 2002.
The shuttle was created in 1973.
It replaced the Apollo capsules.
The first flight was a test of the landing and maneuvering abilities of the shuttle.
This flight used Space Shuttle Enterprise.
The first shuttle flight in space was on April 12, 1981.
It used Space Shuttle Columbia.
In the 1990s the Shuttle began working on the International Space Station (ISS).
This was its main job of the shuttle since then.
Also in the 1990s, the Space Shuttle launched the Hubble telescope into space.
Shuttle missions returned 5 times to repair and improve cameras and scientific instruments on the telescope.
On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia broke up  while returning STS-107 to Earth over Texas.
The accident was caused by damage to the heat-shield which protects it from the heat of reentry into the Earth's atmosphere.
It again caused a long delay until the next shuttle flight.
In 2010, NASA shut down the Space Shuttle program.
Currently, the United States has no manned spacecraft capabilities.
Both SpaceX with the Crew Dragon and Boeing with their Starliner capsule, are planning to provide crewed missions to the ISS.
NASA is developing the Orion capsule for beyond Earth orbit missions.
Enterprise is now at the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, in New York City.
It was formerly at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.
Discovery is at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, Virginia.
Endeavour is at the California Science Center in Los Angeles, California.
Atlantis is on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, in Florida.
Pathfinder (test model) is on display at the U.S. Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
NASA - Shuttle Basics
Space Shuttle Climate Controls
What Was The Space Shuttle?
Thor (Old Norse: Þórr) is the god of thunder and lightning in Norse mythology, associated with strength, storms, hallowing and fertility.
He is the son of Odin and Jörð, the personification of the Earth, and is the strongest of the Æsir.
The champion of Asgard, Thor is said to protect both it and Midgard from the likes of the jǫtnar, a race of beings native to Jötunheimr.
He is known in Old English as Þunor (Thunor) and in Old High German as Donar (runic þonar ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱ), all of which stem from the  Proto-Germanic *Þunraz, meaning "thunder".
The modern English weekday Thursday (from Old English Þūnresdæg, “Thunor’s [Thor’s] day”) bears the god's name...
Thor is the son of Odin, chief of the Æsir, and Jörð, the living personification of the Earth.
He is the eldest of Odin's sons and is the half-brother of Baldr, Höðr, Víðarr, and Váli.
He is married to the golden-haired goddess Sif, with whom he has a daughter, Þrúðr.
With his jötunn lover Járnsaxa, Thor has two sons, Móði and Magni.
He has a stepson, Ullr, who is Sif's son by a previous marriage.
Thor was believed to travel in a chariot drawn by two goats named Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr.
According to writings known as sagas, Thor wielded a short-handled war hammer, Mjolnir.
It was fashioned for him by the dwarven brothers Eitri and Brokkr, and is said to be the most powerful weapon in all the Nine Worlds, capable of crushing even mountains.
When Thor threw the hammer, it magically returned to the god's hand.
vacuum tube, a component of electronics
cathode ray tube, a common component of electronics such as televisions and other displays
Tube, An expansion bus on the BBC Micro computer
Yoplait Tubes, the Canadian name for Go-Gurt portable yog(o)urt
A hollow cylinder.
pneumatic tube, transportation using compressed air
inner tube, a part of a tire
The Tube (TV series), a music related TV series by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom
TUBE, a Japanese pop group
Tube (game), a freeware game from Bullfrog Productions, released in 1995
Tube (movie), a South Korean movie
Tube & Berger, the alias of Dance/Electronica producers Arndt Rörig and Marco Vidovic from Germany
YouTube, a website that allows users to upload, view, and share video clips
PornoTube, a website with adult material
Peter 'Tubes' Dale, aka Tubes from the Soccer AM television show
Series of tubes, an Internet meme and analogy for the Internet used by United States Senator Ted Stevens in reference to net neutrality
The Tubes, a San Francisco-based New Wave band, popular in the 1970s and 1980s
lava tube, found in volcanoes
the inside of a hollow wave in surfing
the flower tube (corolla tube)
pollen tube
Tube (packaging), a packaging solution for pasty and viscous goods such as toothpaste
extension tube, a tool for macro photography
tubing (material), used in plumbing, irrigation, and other applications
Tubes (software), a software program that combines file sharing and web publishing technologies
Tube (structure), a structural system involved in architectural engineering to help with building stability and wind resistance.
Blue Man Group's theatrical show, "TUBES", now called "Rewired."
The London Underground, London's subterranean train system, commonly known as the tube.
Transbay Tube, an underwater rail tube across the San Francisco Bay
test tube, a piece of laboratory equipment used in science
Microtube
Nanotube
A blood cell is any cell of any type found in blood.
There are three main types of blood cells in mammals:
Red blood cell-carries oxygen
White blood cell-kills bacteria and cleans up debris
Platelet-helps heal wounds.
Platelets are really thrombocytes.
These are small fragments (pieces) of a cell called a megakaryocyte.
The platelets take part in blood clots when injury occurs.
Windsurfing is a water sport invented in the U.K. by Peter Chilvers in 1958 on Hayling Island, Hampshire.
It is performed on a board with a sail.
The sail both empowers  the board and helps the board change directions.
The sport is a combination of surfing and sailing.
Windsurfers can travel on either flat or rough water, as long as there is wind.
Windsurfing is done mostly in the summer and spring.
Windsurfing sails come in many different sizes.
The larger the sails are, the more human strength is needed to control them, but the more power is given to go faster.
The different sizes of board affect the speed.
Again, the thinner the board, the faster you will go.
The range of thickness depends on the materials used.
Another sport similar to windsurfing is kite surfing.
All these sports have boards that range in size and price, but all need much practice to be done well.
There are many sporting places around the world that people travel to just to go surfing.
Some of the best places are in the west coast of the United States, Hawaii, Australia, and Indonesia.
Thoroughbred is a breed of horse.
They are mainly used for racing.
Their pedigree is known and recorded.
For each horse there is a chart showing its ancestry.
Horses in general have been used for many years, for farm, racing, harness work and so forth.
Horses were the fastest way for people to travel on land before cars were invented.
They were the only way to travel long distances in a reasonable amount of time.
Most horse breeds have been bred for a specific reason; the thoroughbred racehorse was bred to run.
Thoroughbreds originate from the Arabian breed, and all thoroughbreds can be traced back to three original sires (fathers): The Byerley Turk, The Darley Arabian, and The Godolphin Arabian.
Thoroughbreds are known for their speed, and also for their jumping ability, used in steeplechases and in show jumping and other horse activities.
Although thoroughbreds generally are slightly temperamental, they are very trainable and loyal.
Thoroughbreds are generally tall and sleek, with long legs to help carry them along the race track.
Thoroughbreds can be many colors, including bay (a colour which is brown with a black mane and tail), chestnut (red-brown), black, and gray.
The thoroughbred's genetic origin is Arabian and Turkmenian also Barb's.
The Arabian foundation stallions which were brought to Britain in the late 1600s and early 1700s were bred to domestic mares – very probably Scottish Galloways – although they may have been bred to Arabian mares, too.
A substantial number of early thoroughbreds were bred in the vale of Bedale in the County of Yorkshire in Northern England.
The foundation stallions of the thoroughbred breed and years in which they arrived in England were: the Byerly Turk (1689), the Darley Arabian (1705) and the Godolphin Barb (1728).
Their progeny were the first thoroughbreds, per se, and although the foundation stallions had many off-spring, three of their descendants stand out as supreme: Herod, Eclipse and Matchem.
In the lines of these horses were some outstanding thoroughbreds: for instance, Princequillo and Round Table descend from Herod; Citation and Sir Ivor descend from Eclipse; and Man O' War from Matchem.
The first thoroughbred to arrive in America was a stallion named Bulle Rock, by the Darley Arabian.
He was imported to Virginia in 1730 by Samuel Gist.
In 1757, Janus, a grandson of Godolphin Arabian, was imported and became the founder of the Quarter Horse breed.
Diomed, who was imported in 1800 was the most important thoroughbred imported to America in its early years.
Lexington, by Boston, was foaled in 1850 and was the greatest sire of the 1800s.
Famous thoroughbreds
Synsonby – bred by Foxhall Keene, 1902, lost only two races in his career to Artful and Race King.
Colin – unbeaten in his brief career in 1907 and 1908, won the English Epsom Derby in 1908.
Exterminator – born in 1915, purchased in 1918 as a work horse for Sun Beau, the Derby favorite.
When Sun Beau broke down before the race, Exterminator, raced at thirty to one odds, was the surprise winner.
Man O' War – born in 1917, bought as a yearling by Samuel Riddle for $5,000, trained by Louis Feustel.
His only loss was to Upset, as a two-year-old when he was Horse of the Year.
Won 20 of 21 races.
One of the greatest Thoroughbred sires of all times.
Equipose – won the 1931 Preakness and the National Stallion Stakes at Belmont, known as the "Chocolate Soldier."
In 1942, the year's leading sire posthumously, when his colt, Shut Out, won the Derby and was the top money winner.
Citation – The first thoroughbred millionaire in history and a Triple Crown Winner.
A versatile runner, by Bull Lea and born at Calumet Farm, Lexington, in 1945.
He died there in 1970 at age 25, after a long and successful career as a sire.
Tom Fool – born in 1949, purchased by Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, Greentree Stable.
Trained by John M. Gaver, second horse in history to win the Handicap Triple Crown.
Horse of the Year and Handicap Horse of 1953.
Native Dancer – this silver-gray horse won 21 of 22 races in his career.
Owned by Alfred G. Vanderbilt, best two-year-old of 1952 and champion three-year-old in 1953, retired in 1954.
Sired Raise A Native, Majestic Prince and Kauai King.
Kelso – Horse of the Year 1960–1964.
Won the Handicappers' Triple Crown in 1961 followed by nearly every important American Handicap Race.
Owned by Mrs. Richard C. Dupont, trained by Carl Hanford.
The gelding earned $1,977,896 after eight seasons of 39 wins in 63 races.
Secretariat – in 1973, the first horse to win the Triple Crown since Citation in 1948, won 16 of 21 starts, fourth all-time money winner.
Tied or broke five track records.
Is considered the best racehorse of all time, having a heart weighing in at 22lbs.
A sound card (or audio card) is the part of the computer hardware that controls the input and output of the sound signals.
A sound card is what is known as an expansion card.
This means that the card can be added to the motherboard.
Nowadays, most of the audio cards are integrated with the motherboard.
That means they are built into a mainboard and can not be removed.
In other words, it is not an expansion card anymore.
They only offer line-in, speaker, and microphone connections.
For most users this is enough.
When thinking of computer architecture, the integrated circuit sound cards occupy less space and thus became very popular and practical, especially for laptop computers.
For more features like MIDI ports for connection of musical instruments and low latency requirements (so that the sound does not come distorted under heavy system usage) sound cards as expansion cards can be used.
Modern expansion sound cards use the PCI computer bus standard.
Earlier sound cards used the ISA computer bus, which was half-duplex, so the sound cards could not record and play simultaneously.
Input and output signals
What we hear in speakers is an analog (current, voltage or electric charge) output of the signal.
For example, stored on a hard disk digital code is transferred under a control of some application (for example Winamp) to the sound card.
Up in there, a special chip, called digital-to-analog converter, changes the binary code into the analog sound.
Afterwards, signal is sent to a jack (in modern audio cards it has the green color) where the speakers are connected.
The result is a nice waveform of our favorite digital medium, e.g. an mp3.
A typical sound input device is a microphone, connected to the red/pink jack socket.
The sound wave is digitized and then it may be stored as a file using data compression algorithms which make the file smaller.
Of course all of this is done under the control of some software.
Sir Charles Spencer  "Charlie" Chaplin  (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was a British actor, comedian, movie maker, screenwriter, editor, musician, anarchist, and author.
He was very famous in silent movies (where there was no talking or sound).
He acted, directed, scripted, and produced most of them.
Charlie Chaplin was a performer for almost 70 years.
He started working when he was 5, and worked until he was 80.
The character that Charlie Chaplin played most was called "the Little Tramp".
The "Tramp" was a man of good manners, who wore a coat, a pair of big trousers, shoes, mustache, and a black hat.
Chaplin growing up
Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 15 April 1889 in London, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Chaplin had a rough childhood; his mother, Hannah Hill Chaplin, a talented singer, actress, and piano player, spent most of her life in and out of mental hospitals.
His father, Charles Spencer Chaplin Sr.
was a fairly successful singer until he began drinking.
After his parents separated, Charlie and his half-brother, Sidney, spent most of their childhood in orphanages, where they often went hungry and were beaten if they misbehaved.
He first started acting at age five.
He acted in a music hall in 1894, standing in for his mother.
When Charlie was a child, he was kept in bed for many weeks from a bad illness.
At night, his mother would sit at the window and act out what was going on outside.
His first important work came when he joined The Eight Lancashire Lads.
In 1900, his brother Sydney helped him get the role of a comic cat in the pantomime Cinderella.
In 1903 he was in a play called “Jim: A Romance of Cockayne”.
Chaplin was in Casey's 'Court Circus' variety show.
The next year, he became a clown in Fred Karno's 'Fun Factory' comedy company.
On 15 May 1932, Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi was shot by eleven young naval officers (most were just turning twenty years of age) in the prime minister's residence.
The original assassination plan had included killing Chaplin who had arrived in Japan on 14 May 1932, at a reception for Chaplin, planned by Prime Minister Inukai.
When the prime minister was killed, his son Inukai Takeru was watching a sumo wrestling match with Charlie Chaplin, which probably saved both their lives.
Chaplin won two special Oscars.
Chaplin had first been chosen for both "Best Actor" and "Best Comedy Directing".
But then, instead, he was given a special award "for versatility and genius in acting, writing, directing and producing".
Chaplin's second special award came 44 years later, in 1972.
When getting this award, Chaplin had the longest standing ovation (people standing up and clapping) in Academy Award history.
In 1976 he was given the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award.
Chaplin became the first actor to have appeared in the cover of Time in 1925.
Myths say, Chaplin once entered in a Charlie Chaplin look-a-like contest.
Chaplin lost the contest.
1914: Making a Living
1916: The Floorwalker
1916: The Fireman
1916: The Vagabond
1916: One A.M.
1916: The Count
1916: The Pawnshop
1916: Behind the Screen
1916: The Rink
1917: Easy Street
1917: The Cure
1917: The Immigrant
1917: The Adventurer
1918: A Dog's Life
1918: The Bond
1918: Shoulder Arms
1919: Sunnyside
1919: A Day's Pleasure
1921: The Kid
1921: The Idle Class
1922: Pay Day
1923: The Pilgrim
1925: The Gold Rush
1928: The Circus
1931: City Lights
1936: Modern Times
1940: The Great Dictator
1947: Monsieur Verdoux
1952: Limelight
1957: A King in New York
Becoming a Knight
Chaplin died on Christmas on 25 December 1977, in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland.
He died of a stroke in his sleep, at the age of 88.
On March 1, 1978, his body was stolen by a small group of Swiss people.
They were trying to get money from Chaplin’s family.
This plan didn’t work.
The criminals were caught, and Charlie’s body was found 11 weeks later near Lake Geneva.
He was buried under concrete to prevent further incidents.
German semi-postal series
by Association Chaplin
British silent movie actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Switzerland
Movie producers from London
Screenwriters from London
The American Stock Exchange (AMEX) is a stock exchange in New York City.
It was created on Broad Street near Exchange Place, during colonial times.
The stock exchange is currently owned by its own members.
Field Hockey is a well-liked sport for both men and women.
It is played in many countries all around the world.
In Asian countries like Pakistan and Republic of India, it is considered the "National sport."
The game is played between two teams and each team is made up of 11 players.
There are four 15-minute quarters with a 15 minute break at halftime and a 2 minute break after the 1st and 3rd quarters.
Field hockey is played with a ball on natural grass, or on sand-based or water based artificial turfs with a small hard ball.
The field has a goal at each end.
A semi-circle about 15 meters from the goal is known as the shooting circle.
Goals can only be scored when the ball is in the shooting circle.
Players use a hockey stick to move the ball.
The stick is in the shape of a J and is made out of wood, glass and fibre.
The players each play a position like fullbacks, halfbacks, forwards and goalkeepers.
(sometimes spelled as Su Doku, but also called Number Place or Nanpure) is a puzzle that is very popular in Japan.
It was created in Indianapolis in 1979 by Howard Garns and it appeared in Dell Magazines afterwards.
Sudoku puzzles are solved by logic and no math is required.
As seen on the right, it consists of a grid which is usually made up of nine rows, nine columns, and nine boxes that are separated by thicker, darker lines.
Some of these boxes will contain numerals from 1 to 9.
To solve the puzzle, a person must fill in all the empty squares without using the same numeral twice in each column, row, or box, and without changing the numerals that are already in the grid.