the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Musical theater (or musical theatre) is a kind of performance in a theater.
A work of musical theater is called a musical.
It uses acting, music, songs, and often dance.
Some musicals (for example Les Misérables) have only a few lines of dialogue.
Everything else is sung.
It is usually a mixture of speaking and song.
Some well-known musicals are West Side Story, The Sound of Music, Chicago, and Oklahoma!.
1850 to 1914
Around 1850, the French composer Hervé was experimenting with a form of comic musical theatre that came to be called opérette.
The best known composers of operetta were Jacques Offenbach from the 1850s to the 1870s and Johann Strauss II in the 1870s and 1880s.
Offenbach's melodies, and his librettists' satire, formed a model for the musical theatre that followed.
"Offenbach is undoubtedly the most significant figure in the history of the 'musical'."
Important influences were the works of Gilbert and Sullivan in Britain and those of Harrigan and Hart in America.
These were followed by the numerous Edwardian musical comedies and the musical theatre works of American creators like George M. Cohan.
The Broadway Musical Home
Long running plays (over 400 performances) on Broadway, Off-Broadway, London, Toronto, Melbourne, Paris, Vienna, and Berlin
Opera genres
An asset is something valuable or useful.
In business and accounting, the value of an asset is expressed as certain amount of money.
The amount of money can be calculated as the amount of economic value that the asset can produce in future.
The calculation is based on past transactions or events.
Correct evaluation can be useful in deciding what to do with an asset.
tangible assets
Fixed assets such as buildings, equipment etc.
Current assets like inventory
Intangible assets for example: goodwill, patents, trademarks, copyrights and computer programs
Asset characteristics
They can give a future benefit to contribute directly or indirectly to future net cash flows, and, in the case of not-for-profit organizations, to give services;
It can control access to the benefit; and,
The transaction or event which created the asset has already occurred.
Protecting Business Assets: An article from Oklahoma State University
Roundtable on accounting for intangible assets
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (German Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or SPD) is the oldest political party in Germany that still exists.
It was created on 23 May 1863.
Many people think that the SPD is one of the two most important political parties in modern-day Germany, with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
It was founded as the General German Workers Association (Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein) (ADAV) on May 23rd in 1863 in Leipzig.
Founder was Ferdinand Lassalle.
In 1875 the ADAV joined with the Social Democratic Workers' Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei) (SDAP), which was founded in 1869 in Eisenach by August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht.
The new name was the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands) (SAP).
In 1914 the SPD was split into two.
Most members of the party supported the Kaiser and his plans for war.
The other members formed the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschland) (USPD).
They were against the war.
Later the SPD was the only party in the Reichstag who voted against the Enabling Act,(Ermächtigungsgesetz) which allowed Hitler to become dictator.
Afterwards, the Nazis banned the SPD and arrested the leading Social Democrats.
Many were sent to Nazi concentration camps.
Others moved away to towns where they were not known.
Friedrich Kellner, an organizer for the SPD in Mainz from 1920 to 1932, moved to Laubach.
He wrote entries in a secret diary about the crimes of the Nazis.
In the GDR (East Germany) the Soviet Union forced the SPD to join with the communist party to make the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei).
In Western Germany the SPD continued as the largest center-left party.
Under its parliamentary party leader Herbert Wehner the SPD joined the federal government led by chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger (CDU) with the CDU and the CSU in 1966.
Party chief Willy Brandt became foreign secretary and vice chancellor.
In 1969 Willy Brandt became federal chancellor.
The SPD lead a coalition government with the FDP as its partner.
In 1974 Helmut Schmidt became chancellor.
Between 1998 and 2005 the SPD led the government under chancellor Gerhard Schröder.
Its partner this time was The Greens.
In 1959 the SPD adopted the Godesberger Programm, named after the town of Bad Godesburg in North Rhine-Westphalia.
The SPD formally abandoned Marxism, and accepted the market economy (which means people and companies can make money and keep it themselves), but wanted to have a social balance (which means people would get help from the government if they had no job, were sick or too old to work, instead of relying on savings or charity).
Companies might get subsidies to help keep people in work.
Many people thought that the government of Chancellor Schröder (1998 - 2005) changed the idea of social balance, making people rely more on savings or charity.
The SPD lost a lot of members.
Now there is a discussion in the SPD about new social balance policies.
Bundestag (Federal Assembly of Germany)
Carl E. Schorske, German Social Democracy, 1905-1917: The Development of the Great Schism (Harvard University Press, 1955).
Vernon L. Lidtke, The Outlawed Party: Social Democracy in Germany, 1878-1890 (Princeton University Press, 1966).
Abraham J. Berlau, The German Social Democratic Party, 1914-1921 (Columbia University Press, 1949).
Erich Matthias The Downfall of the Old Social Democratic Party in 1933 pages 51–105 from Republic to Reich The Making of the Nazi Revolution Ten Essays edited by Hajo Holborn, (New York: Pantheon Books, 1972).
Party official website
Party official website in English
official website of the party's youth organisation
Is the Left Still on the Left?
— Dirk Maxeiner and Michael Miersch on the German left
1863 establishments in Europe
A pension is a steady income given to someone.
If pensions are part of a system of social security, the recipient of the pension is usually retired or disabled.
They either have worked a long time during their life, or they are physically unable to do so.
A pension is usually paid until a certain date (or event) occurs.
In the case of social security plans, pensions are usually linked to the life of the person who receives the pension.
A defined Benefit pension defines the benefit to the worker based on salary basis, years worked, and a multiplier.
An example might be 2@55 final 3, meaning that the annuity is the highest 3-year average salary times years worked times 2% (if age 55).
A worker with 30 years service would receive 2*30 or 60% of their salary.
Some systems allow a worker to receive more than 100% salary by various maneuvers to alter the final salary basis.
A defined Contribution pension defines the contribution, without constraining or promising a certain benefit.
For example, a company might contribute 10% of a worker's salary to a pension account of the worker's choice, with final benefit received linked to the performance of the investment chosen.
Many pension systems are underfunded and likely unsustainable based on independent financial analysis.
Pension reform is a popular topic since about 2009, with pension debt seen as a contributing factor in the deficits at all levels of government.
More precisely one could say it is a set of connected behaviours, rights and duties that a person has to follow in a social situation.
It depends on social status.
Role confusion is a situation where an individual has trouble to decide which role he/she should play.
For example, one could be a student who would attend a meeting of a particular recreational interest and find her teacher there.
They would be in conflict between behaving as a student and as an enthusiast who shares the same interest as the teacher.
Aeneas was a Trojan prince and hero.
His father was Anchises, his mother was the Greek goddess Aphrodite (Venus in the case of Roman sources).
Both Homer and Vergil mention him in their stories.
Vergil wrote a whole series of books about him.
These books are called Aeneis in their original Latin.
The usual English translation of the title is Aeneid.
The books are the story of ""pious Aeneas".
and about how the city of Rome came to be.
The tale starts with Aeneas carrying his father out of the burning Troy, and end with Romulus and Remus founding Rome (after Aeneas landed on the coast, after sailing the Mediterranean Sea for a long time).
Aeneas also appears in Book 5 of the Iliad written by Homer.
William Shakespeare also wrote a story mentioning Aeneas.
Christopher Marlowe wrote a play about Aeneas and Dido, the queen who fell in love with him.
There is also an opera about Dido and Aeneas, written by Henry Purcell.
A palace is a place with a grand and imposing building that is the official residence of a king or queen, a head of state such as a president, ruler, or leader.
Besides, it can mean a luxurious House or Mansion or a large building for entertainment: a large public or private building with an imposing ornate style, used for entertainment or exhibitions and large events.
Hasidic Judaism or Hasidism is a Jewish religious movement that was started by Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer, known as "Baal Shem Tov".
It began in Eastern Europe in the middle of the 18th century, and there are now Hasidic communities all over the world.
The followers of Hasidism are called Hasidim.
Backwards through time prevents lairs.
So should we.
Hasidism teaches about the importance of serving God with happiness and believes in Jewish mysticism.
While Hasidim study the same books of Torah as the rest of Judaism, they focus on learning the hidden aspects of the text as well.
Hasidic study also includes many of the teachings of Kabbalah.
Each Hasidic group has a leader who is called the Rebbe (Rabbi).
The Rebbe is a man who is a Rabbi and is chosen by the Hasidim to be their leader.
Some of the jobs that he does are giving lectures on Torah and Hassidic-matters and taking part in the different events of his Hasidim, like weddings and Brit milahs.
Hasidic Groups
There are hundreds of different Hasidic groups.
They all share similar characteristics but they also have individual customs.
Some of the larger dynasties are Satmar, Chabad-Lubavitch, Bobov, Viznitz, and Belz.
Lissa Explains it All is a website.
It teaches beginners and children HTML as well as other things like JavaScript to help them make a website.
It was made by Alyssa "Lissa" Daniels (born 1986) in 1998.
How Lissa Explains Began
Lissa did not plan on teaching HTML at first.
She was an 11 year old girl who wanted to make a website but had problems remembering the HTML codes.
She saved the codes on a webpage.
Many people who saw her website asked her how she made it.
Lissa gave them the address (URL) to the webpage she put the codes on.
As more and more people went on the page, Lissa added more codes and information, and made the URL it became public.
A year later, so many people went on Lissa Explains that Lissa decided she needed a domain name for her website.
She bought the domain name, lissaexplains.com.
The website name was changed to Lissa Explains it All.
Soon, even more people went on Lissa Explains, and her web hosters told Lissa that she would have to buy a plan that costed $100 a month.
Lissa was upset because her parents would not pay so much money for her website.
Lissa Explains was a popular website that had a lot of visitors, so Lissa filled out many forms at agencies.
The agency would pay her money to put their advertisements on her website, Lissa Explains.
The money she made paid for her web hosting and other services on her website.
The company that hosts Lissa Explains now is Dreamhost.
Now, with even more visitors, Lissa had to change the layout and design of her website again.
She got rid of a lot of the pictures on her website to save money and bandwidth space.
It changed from this to this, the way it looks right now.
Lissa's website was the first website that taught children HTML.
Many people know about it, and it is being copied.
For example, Lissaexplainsitall.com  has a URL that is almost the same as Lissa Explains, and it also has something to do with web design and HTML.
Other than teaching HTML, Lissa Explains also has other services.
Lissa teaches HTML, JavaScript, CSS, how to use frames and tables, and how to make a trailing cursor.
LissaMail
Color Tools
Lissa's Color Slider lets users choose a color in the shade they want and get the hexadecimal color code for it.
She also has a color wheel for people who have Internet Explorer.
The Original Lissa Explains Website (Old Page)
The Aeneid (Latin: Aeneis) is an epic poem written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC.
It tells the story of "pious Aeneas".
Aeneas is a Trojan warrior who had to leave his city because the Greeks captured Troy after a long war.
It starts with Aeneas carrying his father Anchises out of the burning Troy.
It ends with Aeneas landing on the shores of Italy, fighting in the region of Rome.
It can be read as indirect propaganda in favour of Augustus, the Roman Emperor of the day.
Quincy is a city in the state of Illinois in the United States.
In 2000 the number of people in the city was 40,366.
The town was an important stop of the underground railroad during the 1800s.
The town also has many German-style buildings.
Renting, using something that is not yours in exchange for payments
Rent (musical), a Broadway musical
Rent (movie), a 2005 movie based on the Broadway musical of the same name
A bunk bed is a stack of two or more beds.
Metal poles or wooden beams connect the bottom bed (called the bottom bunk) to the top bed (called the top bunk).
A ladder is used to get up to the top bunk.
The ladder is usually attached to the bed.
In the Philippines, a bunk bed is called a double deck.
Use in homes
Bunk beds are often used in children's rooms.
Since bunk beds allow a family to put two beds in the space of a single bed, bunk beds save space.
Bunk beds help families with small apartments or houses to have enough beds for their children.
Use in institutions and public facilities
Bunk beds are often used in institutions such as prisons.
As well, they are often used in public facilities such as homeless shelters and bomb shelters.
Bunk beds are also used in firehalls, to give firefighters a place to sleep.
Many military organizations use bunk beds.
Navy ships and submarines use bunk beds for the sailors to sleep in.
Army barracks sometimes have bunk beds for soldiers.
Use in camps and hostels
Summer camps and winter cabins for children (such as boy scouts or girl scouts) often have bunk beds.
Hostels, a type of inexpensive hotel for travelers, often have bunk beds.
Some ski lodges have bunk beds in their rooms.
A cupboard, also known as a cabinet, is furniture used for storage.
Usually, a cupboard will be in the kitchen or bathroom of a house.
It usually has one or more shelves to put items on.
It can also have a door to close off the open shelves.
The Great Chilean Earthquake or Valdivian Earthquake was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded.
The quake occurred in the early afternoon (19:11 UTC) of May 22, 1960, and had a 9.5 rating on the Moment magnitude scale.
The earthquake affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, and the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.
Its epicenter was Valdivia, Chile.
The earthquake caused tsunamis that pounded the Chilean coastline with waves of up to 25 meters.
The main tsunami traveled across the Pacific Ocean and caused great damage to Hilo, Hawaii.
Waves as high as 10.7 meters (about 35 feet) were recorded 10,000 kilometers from where the earthquake started.
These waves travelled as far as Japan and the Philippines.
The total number of deaths from the earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Chile has been estimated at 490 to 5700.
The Chilean government estimated 2 million people were left homeless and the damage was $550 million USD.
1960 Chilean Tsunami
Surviving a Tsunami—Lessons from Chile, Hawaii, and Japan
20th century in Chile
Disasters in the 1960s
1960s in South America
A photographer is someone who is skilled at taking pictures or photographs with a camera.
An amateur photographer takes pictures for their own use.
A professional photographer takes pictures as all or part of their job.
Many people hire a photographer for their wedding, debutante party or other special events.
Photographers work in many different specialties.
There are several different kinds of photography.
Each type requires a different set of skills.
A news photographer can take photographs quickly when events are rapidly changing.
They act as the "eyes" for their publications.
Their job is to take as many photographs as they can so an editor can later select the best ones for the story.
They correct photos with software, add captions, and send them to their editors.
Many news photographers also shoot rapid sequences of film as short videos.
An aerial photographer is comfortable around airplanes and is skilled at taking high and low altitude pictures.
They work with specialized cameras which can take infrared, three-dimensional, black and white and color aerial photographs.
A still life photographer takes pictures of still life or inanimate objects.
This can be for  advertising, art or science.
The subjects may be food, products, or nature studies.
Still life photographers must know how to use lighting, angles and have other skills to make an object look as good in movies as it does in real life.
A fashion photographer takes pictures of clothing, makeup, hair designs and other similar products.
They shoot pictures of models.
In addition to fashion, they may specialize in areas such as the music industry or movies.
A combat photographer is usually, but not always, a military occupation.
They take documentary photographs and videos for many different uses.
They may be involved in reconnaissance, training or supporting writers who write stories for publication.
Depending on what part of the military they are in, they often have highly specialized duties.
A portrait photographer takes pictures of people.
Portraits aim to capture the personality of the subject.
Styles include Boudoir, engagement, High School Senior, newborn and family portraits.
One who makes motion pictures is a cameraman.
Spiro Theodore Agnew (November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the 39th vice president of the United States.
He served under President Richard Nixon.
He was also the 55th governor of the state of Maryland and the first Greek American governor and vice president in United States history.
He is most famous for his resignation in the fall of 1973 after he was under investigation for the crimes of extortion, tax fraud, bribery, and conspiracy.
In October he was charged for taking bribes of more than $100,000 during his vice presidential term.
Agnew is the only U.S. vice president in history to leave office because of criminal charges.
Ten years later, in January 1983, he paid the state of Maryland almost $270,000 as a result of a civil suit that came from the bribery allegations.
He was only the second vice president to resign the office (John C. Calhoun had been the first).
He wrote two memoirs later in his life.
He defended his corrupt actions in both memoirs.
Spiro Agnew was born in Baltimore, in the state of Maryland.
His father was Theodore Spiros Agnew, a Greek immigrant who shortened his name from Anagnostopoulos when he moved to the USA (which was between 1897 and 1902), who married Margaret Akers, a native of Virginia.
He joined the US Army and served in both World War II and the Korean War.
After holding a number of political offices in Baltimore, he ran for Baltimore County Executive in 1962.
In a race that was thought to go to the Democratic Party Agnew surprisingly won.
While executive he was known for outlawing racial segregation.
He ran for Governor in 1966.
His opponent was George Mahoney, who ran on a racist and pro segregationist platform.
Agnew won after many Democrats voted for him.
While governor he passed tax reform, justice reform, anti pollution laws, and civil rights laws.
He also took a tough stand against the black power movement, and this angered many civil rights leaders who had supported him.
Agnew was chosen as Richard Nixon's running mate in 1968.
Nixon wanted to do better in the Southern States.
Agnew, a moderate, also could get Democrats to vote for him.
He was chosen as vice presidential candidate at the convention over George Romney.
Agnew supported "law and order" a policy of enforcing the law strictly.
Agnew took a hard stand against the anti-war movement.
His sometimes dirty attacks led him to be called Nixon's "hatchet man".
However he did speak out against the Kent State Shooting, where national guard troops shot protestors to death in Ohio.
Agnew enjoyed the privileges of being vice president.
He was well liked by Nixon supporters, and made it onto the Republican national ticket again in 1972.
But in 1973, it became clear that Agnew had been very corrupt in his career as governor and was facing several felony charges.
He cut a plea deal and narrowly got out of having to serve a long time in prison.
Resignation, disgrace, and death
He resigned in disgrace in October 1973, and never spoke to Richard Nixon again (Nixon would himself resign in 1974 over a similar scandal).
Agnew became a disgraced figure and never was very much involved in politics after that.
His portrait was taken down in the Maryland Governor's Mansion and his bust was not put up as a former vice president.
When both were put on display, many criticized the decision to display them.
He died in 1996 of leukemia.
He was not given a state funeral of any kind and had a small funeral service.
He was buried at a cemetery in Maryland.
Spiro Agnew (R) - elected unopposed
Spiro Agnew (R) - 455,318 (49.50%)
George P. Mahoney (D) - 373,543 (40.61%)
Hyman A. Pressman (I) - 90,899 (9.88%)
Spiro Agnew - 1,119 (83.95%)
Gov. George Romney of Michigan- 186 (13.95%)
Abstaining - 16 (1.20%)
John Lindsay - 10 (0.75%)
Sen.  Edward Brooke of Massachusetts- 1 (0.08%)
James A. Rhodes - 1 (0.08%)
Richard Nixon/Spiro Agnew (R) - 31,783,783 (43.4%) and 301 electoral votes (32 states carried)
Hubert Humphrey/Edmund Muskie (D) - 31,271,839 (42.7%) and 191 electoral votes (13 states and D.C. carried)
George Wallace/Curtis LeMay (American Independent) - 9,901,118 (13.5%) and 46 electoral votes (5 states carried)
Spiro Agnew (inc.) -
1,345 (99.78%)
Abstaining - 2 (0.15%)
David Brinkley - 1 (0.07%)
Richard Nixon/Spiro Agnew (R) (inc.) -
47,168,710 (60.7%) and 520 electoral votes (49 states carried)
George McGovern/Sargent Shriver (D) - 29,173,222 (37.5) and 17 electoral votes (1 state and D.C. carried)
John Hospers/Theodora Nathalia Nathan (Libertarian) - 3,674 (0.00%) and 1 electoral vote (Republican faithless elector)
John G. Schmitz/Thomas J. Anderson (AI) - 1,100,868 (1.4%) and 0 electoral votes
Linda Jenness/Andrew Pulley (Socialist Workers) - 83,380 (0.1%)
Benjamin Spock/Julius Hobson (People's) - 78,759 (0.1%)
The 30th Anniversary of Agnew's Resignation As Vice President (University of Maryland)
The Archives of Maryland collection of speeches, messages and other public papers during Agnews governorship 1967-69
American criminals
Disease-related deaths in Maryland
Governors of Maryland
In finance, a share is a unit of account for many different financial things including stocks, mutual funds, limited partnerships, and REIT's.
In British English, the word share alone to talk only about stocks is so common that it almost replaces the word stock itself.
Capital means the money being invested to start a new business.
Oldest share- the oldest share in the world  (Voc 1606)
Sharing (or "To Share"); to make joint use of resources (such as food or money), or to "give something away"
Share (finance), a stock or other security such as a mutual fund
Share, the percentage of television sets in use tuned to a specific program—see Nielsen Ratings
SHARE (charity), the acronym of a major Cork-based charity
SHARE (computing), one of the oldest computer user groups
Share (newspaper), a Caribbean and Black Canadian community newspaper based in Toronto, Canada
Share (P2P), a Japanese P2P computer program.
The successor to Winny.
Share Foundation, a not-for-profit organization in Newfoundland
SHARE Foundation (El Salvador), an El Salvador justice organization
Share International, a new religious movement founded by the British painter Benjamin Creme
Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment, tracking space weather from Antarctica
Network share, a file storage area that is available over a computer network.
Plowshare, the cutting blade of plow (plough).
A person or organization which holds shares of stocks is called a shareholder.
The whole value of the stocks that a firm has issued is called its market capitalization.
Stock can be bought and sold privately or on stock exchanges.
Someone who buys and sells stock is called a stockbroker.
In the United Kingdom and Australia, the term share is used the same way as stock is described in the United States.
corporation
The Oldest Share  in the world, issued by the Dutch East India Company VOC, 1606.
Stock Market Trivia: History of Stocks
Who Decides Stock Prices?
Researching Old Company Stock Certificates
A stock is a share of ownership in a company.
See stock.
Supply and inventory
Stock in general refers to the equipment, materials, or supplies of an establishment or a store or supply accumulated or available, as in:
Livestock kept on a farm.
Stock (food), a soup and flavoring base
Inventory, a term for "finished goods", or sometimes raw material kept in storage.
Stock (cards),the common pile of undealt playing cards from which players draw in a number of card games.
Stock media, set material which can be used by other people (and is sometimes created for the purpose), either for free or for a set fee.
Stock sound effects
Clipart
Packs/downloads for 3D design programs such as Poser or 3D Studio Max.
Rolling stock as used in railway operation
Stock, the base material used in some fabrication work, such as wood for woodworking or the metal used in a welding application.
Stock may also mean the original (as a person, race, or language) from which others derive, as in:
Rootstock, a stump used for grafting
(Linguistic) stock, a group of related languages or language families
Stock, Essex is a village in the county of Essex, England.
Stocks House is a country house in Aldbury, Hertfordshire which was the setting for the album cover of Oasis' Be Here Now
Stock (publishing house)
Matthiola incana, a flower
An album by Japanese singer Akina Nakamori; see STOCK (music)
Robert Stock, German entrepreneur
Other usages
The wooden arms that the sails of a Windmill are fitted to.
The American form of repertory theatre as practiced in England.
A wide necktie popular in the eighteenth century, often seen today as a part of formal wear for horse riding competitions.
Stocks, a device used for public humiliation, punishment, and torture.
A grappling term for a type of spinal lock.
The distinction between stock and flows, a core concept of System dynamics
Stock in geology refers to a medium-sized igneous intrusion with outcrop area less than about 100 km².
Fish stocks refers to a fish population in a defined area which is of interest to fishery managers.
stock , Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Accessed 2006-10-19
Vaccinium myrtillus/The bilberry is the fruit of a type of shrub that grows close to the ground.
It is a member of the genus Vaccinium.
The bilberry is native to Europe, whereas the blueberry and huckleberry are native to North America.
They are closely related, and members of the same genus.
The bilberry is known by many names.
It is also called blaeberry, whortleberry, whinberry, myrtle blueberry, fraughan, and probably other names in different places.
In Thomas Hardy's 1878 book, The Return of the Native, they were called black-hearts in 19th century southern England.
Species profile: Blaeberry
Bilberry and Herbal Medicine
Capital has a number of related meanings in economics, finance and  accounting.
In classical economics, capital is one of the four factors of production.
The others are land, labor and organization.
Goods with the following features are capital goods as opposed to consumer goods or durable goods:
Goods that can be used in the production of other goods (this is what makes it a factor of production).
Goods made by humans, in contrast to "land," which refers to naturally occurring resources such as geographical locations and minerals.
Goods not used up immediately in the process of production, unlike raw materials or intermediate goods (e.g. machinery).
The third part of the definition was not always used by classical economists.
The classical economist David Ricardo would use the above definition for the term fixed capital while including raw materials and intermediate products are part of world life in which they can easily spend their life.
Rubus is a genus of plants in the family Rosaceae.
These plants have sharp prickles like roses.
They include the raspberry, dewberry, and blackberry, and some other plants, such as the cloudberry.
Felix Christian Klein (April 25, 1849, Düsseldorf, (then) Prussian Empire – June 22, 1925, Göttingen, Germany) was a German mathematician.
He became known for his work in group theory, function theory, non-Euclidean geometry, and on the connections between geometry and group theory.
His 1872 Erlangen Program, which ate geometries by their underlying symmetry groups, was a hugely influential synthesis of much of the mathematics of the day.
Klein, Felix Christian
German algebraists
In music, a part is a line of music which is played by one player or group of players (or sung by one or more singers).
This is the usual meaning of the word “part” when talking about musical compositions.
When a group of instruments are all playing the same notes together - like the first violins in an orchestra, they are all playing the same part.
The second violins are playing another part, the violas are playing yet another part, etc.
A group of singers who are all singing the tune together are singing in unison.
If they divide into soprano, alto, tenor and bass, they are singing in four parts.
The sopranos may be singing the tune and the altos, tenors and basses are providing the harmony underneath.
This is called “4 part harmony”.
If each of the four parts has its own share of the melody (or its own melody) it is polyphonic music.
Polyphonic music is always in several parts.
Sometimes music for the piano or organ may be written in a strict number of parts, e.g. a 5 part fugue for the piano could also be performed on five different instruments because there are always exactly five different lines of music (although sometimes a part will have a rest, but this is always shown by rests in the music).
Although written on two staves for the pianist (or three staves for an organist) it could be written on five staves: one stave for each part.
Another word for a musical part is voice.
In most other European languages the word for part in this musical sense is the same as the normal word for  voice e.g. in German: Stimme or French voix.
In general, the more parts there are in a musical composition the harder it is to compose because they all have to fit together to sound nice.
The 16th century composer Thomas Tallis wrote a motet called Spem in alium which is in 40 parts.
A choir of at least 40 people is needed to sing it, and even then each person will be singing something different to all the others.
Orchestral parts
A slightly different (but related) meaning of “part” can be the actual printed music that a player in an orchestra or band puts on the music stand to play from.
The oboe part, for example, will just have the notes that the oboe plays.
In contrast, the conductor has a musical score in which all the instrumental parts are written underneath one another.
”Part” meaning “section”
The word part can also be used in its normal meaning of  section (i.e. a bit of something).
We can say: “the first part of the movement is played just by the woodwind instruments”.
Videocassette recorder (VCR) is an electronic device that records and plays videotapes.
Most use VHS or Beta cassettes that contain recordings of movies and other programs (such as music videos, exercise videos, and so on).
To watch a recording using a VCR, the VCR has to be connected to a television set.
VCRs at first were mainly used to record programs from television broadcasts.
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, many people used VCRs to record their favorite television shows to watch them later.
This was called time-shifting.
Watching movies
In the mid-1980s, VCRs became a very popular way for people to watch movies and other recorded programs on their home television.
Until the 21st century, video rental stores offered a large selection of movies recorded on VHS tapes that customers could rent.
In the 1980s, some video rental stores also offered a smaller number of movies recorded on Beta tapes.
VHS vs Betamax
In the 1980s, VHS was involved in a format war with Sony's Betamax.
VHS won the format war.
Betacam, a variant of Betamax designed specifically for professional camcorders, did become popular in television studios, but consumers used VHS at home.
In 1974, the Japanese government's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) tried to force the Japanese video industry to agree on just one home video recording format, in order to avoid consumer confusion.
Later, Sony built a prototype of a Betamax VTR.
Sony presented the prototype to MITI, and convinced them to use Betamax as the technical standard.
Sony was then allowed to charge other companies licensing fees to use the Betamax technical standard, so that they could also build and sell Betamax machines.
JVC believed that an open standard (a technical standard that is open and free for anyone to use) like VHS was better for the consumer, so they fought against the MITI and Sony.
JVC attempted to convince other companies, including Matsushita, to use VHS instead of Betamax.
Matsushita agreed with JVC because Matsushita worried that Sony might become the most powerful company in the video recording industry if the Betamax format was the only one that the MITI allowed them to sell.
Matsushita also disliked the fact that Betamax systems could only record one hour of video.
Because Matsushita agreed with JVC, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, and Sharp began to support the VHS technical standard.
When Sony released its Betamax machines in Japan in 1975, it pressured the MITI to support Sony even more.
However, the combination of JVC and the other companies was much stronger, and eventually the MITI stopped trying to create a single technical standard for the whole industry.
JVC released the first VHS machines in Japan in late 1976, and then in the United States in early 1977.
Sony continued to sell Betamax machines, and they competed with VHS throughout the late 1970s and into the 1980s.
In countries that use the NTSC technical standard for television broadcasting, the Beta I version of Betamax was able to record one hour of video at a tape speed of 1.5 inches per second (ips), which was similar to a VHS standard-play mode (SP).
Originally, VHS recorded two hours of video at 1.31 ips.
Betamax's smaller-sized cassettes were not able to contain as much magnetic tape as VHS cassettes.
They could not compete fit longer lengths of tape into the cassettes to match VHS's two-hour recording time.
Instead, Sony had to slow the tape speed down to 0.787 ips (Beta II) in order to reach two hours of video recording in the same cassette size.
This meant that the television picture produced by a Betamax tape was worse than VHS when comparing two-hour recordings.
Sony eventually released a longer Betamax cassette called Beta III which allowed NTSC Betamax to record more than two hours, but by then VHS had already won the format war.
DVDs replaced VCRs
In the late 1990s and throughout the 2000s, the DVD player replaced the VCR as the most common way to watch movies on a home television.
The VCR sales dropped later, causing the VCR to be used less by people.
VCRs are still available, but fewer stores offer them, because fewer people want them.
A DVD player is a home media device that plays DVDs (also called digital versatile discs).
The first DVD player was created by Sony and Pacific Digital Company and released in Japan on November 1, 1996.
The DVD player would later be released in the United States on March 19, 1997.
pl:DVD#Odtwarzacz DVD
Labor is work done by people.
Labor is one of three factors of production.
The other two factors are land and capital.
Wage -paying someone for labor.
Zachary Braff (born April 6, 1975, South Orange, New Jersey) is an American actor, film director, producer and screenwriter.
He became famous in the early 2000s playing the part of "Dr. John Dorian" on the NBC series Scrubs.
Since then, he has written, starred in and directed the 2004 movie Garden State.
He also has directed multiple music videos.
Braff is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.
He directed his first movie.
It is called Wish I Was Here.
Zach Braff's MySpace
Video interview on stv.tv
Scrubs is an American sitcom.
It is about doctors and nurses in a hospital, and the title Scrubs comes from the name of the clothes they wear to keep themselves from getting dirty.
2001 American television series debuts
2000s American workplace television series
2000s comedy-drama television series
2000s medical television series
2000s workplace comedy television series
2000s workplace drama television series
2010s American workplace television series
2010s comedy-drama television series
2010s medical television series
2010s workplace comedy television series
2010s workplace drama television series
American medical television series
A flashback is a technique used by writers which is often used in movies, television and literature.
It involves a character remembering something that happened to him in the past.
Scrubs is a television show that uses flashbacks often.
Widescreen is a video format often used in movies.
It is also becoming very popular for television and other things like Computer monitors.
Widescreen is often used as a nickname for the 16:9 aspect ratio of television screens.
This means that if the television screen was sixteen inches wide it would have to be nine inches tall.
Most 20th century television screen were 4:3 which means if it was four inches wide it would have to be three inches tall.
In addition to these small screens, a screen could be any size with the same ratio.
For example, a screen could be 32 inches wide and 18 inches tall and still be considered widescreen.
Exchange value and building strong relationship with customer.
Marketing-" To create, grow, develop, maintain, defend, and own markets".
An approach to business that seeks to identify, anticipate, and satisfy customers needs.
Al Ries and Jack Trout defined marketing as simply "war" between competitors.
At a macro level, marketing is the process of raising the standards of living, by identifying the existing problems and unsatisfied needs of people and then satisfying that need with a product/service that delivers value to the customer.
Kirkkonummi () is a municipality in Uusimaa, Finland.
As of January 2014, almost 38,000 people lived in Kirkkonummi.
Kirkkonummi is close to the capital city, Helsinki.
Other neighbouring municipalies are Espoo, Vihti and Siuntio.
1330 establishments
Establishments in Finland
Storage means the act of keeping things and the place where you keep them.
Furniture designed to hold small objects:
Bookcase, Cabinet (furniture), Chest (furniture), Cupboard, Desk, Sideboard (hutch), Refrigerator, etc.
Small, mobile containers designed to hold food or other goods:
boxes, bottles, and cans
Food storage, containers such as Tupperware and Rubbermaid brands
Container (cargo), a shipping container, storage for cargo transport
Magazine (artillery), an item or place within which ammunition is stored
Larger containers typically designed to store special kinds of objects or substances:
Reservoir (water), an artificial lake
Storage tank
Dry cask storage, storing high-level radioactive waste
Special rooms, or parts of buildings, designed for storage:
Storage room, Closet, Cellar, Attic
Special buildings, or collections of buildings, designed to hold large objects, or a great many objects of a particular type:
Shed, Depot, Garage (house)
Warehouse, a commercial building for storage of goods
Self storage, public storage facility
Ammunition dump, a military storage facility for live ammunition and explosives
Devices designed to store and release electrical charge or energy:
Capacitor, stores electric charge
battery, a store of electricity
Devices designed for information storage and retrieval:
storage medium
Computer storage, Hard drive, Computer memory
See also Store and forward, relaying information through one or more intermediate stations which temporarily store the information
Collections of stored information:
Archive, or archives – a collection of records
Books store the wisdom of the ages
Memory stores the record of experience
Storativity – a measure of storage
de:Speicher
Publishing is  making information available for public view.
A publisher makes and sells literature or information.
Publishers can pay their authors, or authors who want to be published can pay the publisher.
Sometimes authors are their own publishers.
Traditionally, publishing means the creation and distribution of printed works such as books and newspapers.
Since the late 20th century it can also mean internet publishing.
Academic publishers
Association of American Publishers
Book-Busters: Corporate Consolidation in Book Publishing and Selling and the Decline of Diversity by William Petrocelli (1999)
The British Library - finding information on the book publishing & retailing industry
Piers Anthony's Internet publishing survey
Publishers Weekly, for book publishers
A Report to the Authors Guild which reveals a "Crisis in Midlist Publishing" : Study (PDF file)
Society of Young Publishers
The Young Publishers Network
International Publishers Association
A list of Publishers of genre fiction such as thrillers, suspense and mystery
Writing and Publishing Program : Online courses on writing and publishing from Simon Fraser University
Editor and Publisher magazine and information on the newspaper industry
Magazine Publishing Startup Resource Web Site for Publishers
The Song Dynasty ruled in China from 960–1279.
It was started by Emperor Taizu of Song who forced the state of Later Zhou out of power before reuniting China.
This ended the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
There are two periods of Song dynasty history: Northern Song and Southern Song.
Northern Song lasted from 960 to 1127 and controlled most of China.
Southern Song was formed after Northern Song had lost control of North China to the Jin dynasty.
Southern Song's capital was in Hangzhou and lasted from 1127 to 1279.
Southern Song was conquered by the Mongols.
Northern Song: 960–1127
The Northern Song Dynasty ruled in China from 960 to 1127.
The first emperor, Emperor Taizu of Song, set the capital in Bianliang (now we call this city Kaifeng) in northern China.
The Northern Song Dynasty enjoyed the highest economic and cultural prosperity during the ancient Chinese history.
960 establishments
960s establishments in Asia
1279 disestablishments
13th-century disestablishments in Asia
The Great Red Spot is a hurricane on the surface of the planet Jupiter.
It is so big that two or three Earths could fit inside it.
It has been going on for at least 340 years.
Jupiter simulations
Sodomy is anal or oral sex.
The word sodomy is derived from Sodom and Gomorrah in the Book of Genesis.
Some countries have passed laws making sodomy a crime.
Some of these sodomy laws have been overturned in the western world.
In some places, they are not routinely enforced.
Bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression) is a mental illness where a person will have repeated, long-lasting feelings (episodes) of high (mania) and low mood (depression).
It may occur with or without cycles of normal mood, called euthymia.
A mixed episode occurs when both mania and depression are present at the same time.
"Bipolar" literally means "two poles" or two extremes in how much energy the brain has.
Sometimes, a person can experience something called mania.
Mania is when a person's brain goes into a high-energy state.
When in a high-energy state, mania can cause extreme emotions such as panic attacks or extreme happiness such as euphoria.
This feeling is often followed by a period of depression, which is a low-energy state.
A person who is depressed may act sad or hopeless.
People with bipolar disorder switch between these two states.
People who are in a manic state are often over-confident and very optimistic.
This can cause them to take large risks and do things that are not normal for them to do.
Manic episodes last for at least a week, but can last as long as three to six months.
They are usually followed by a depressive episode.
A person who is manic may talk very quickly with no pauses, have thoughts that change very quickly, or act without thinking.
They may also experience psychosis, where they cannot tell what is real and what is not.
They may think that they are unstoppable or that they are on a mission for God.
Mania may become so severe that it can affect the person’s ability to work or interact with others.
Every person is different, so it is important to remember that these things do not happen to all people with bipolar disorder.
Hypomania
Hypomania is a less extreme version of mania.
Someone who is hypomanic will have symptoms similar to mania.
They may have increased energy and may deny that anything is wrong.
A hypomanic episode may last from a few days to a few months.
People who are in a depressive state are often sad and pessimistic.
They may lose interest in activities they usually like, or become isolated and lonely.
Other symptoms include anxiety, hopelessness, changes in sleep, and suicidal thoughts.
A depressive episode can last from a few weeks to several months.
When bipolar disorder develops at a young age, the first few episodes are usually depressive.
Because a manic or hypomanic episode is needed to diagnose bipolar disorder, some people are diagnosed with major depression at first.
Bipolar disorder is an illness that can show in different ways.
It is often diagnosed in adolescents or young adults.
A few subtypes have been identified; these subtypes mostly describe the nature of the "episodes" of the disease:
Bipolar I disorder: A person with bipolar I has had at least one manic episode.
Depressive episodes also occur in people with bipolar I, but are not required for a diagnosis.
Bipolar II disorder: A person with bipolar II has had no manic episodes, but at least one hypomanic episode.
They have also had at least one major depressive episode.
Cyclothymia: A person with cyclothymia has had both hypomanic and feelings of depression.
These feelings of depression are not extreme enough to be considered a depressive episode.
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown.
It is estimated that there is a 71 percent chance of bipolar disorder passing from parent to child.
If one identical twin has bipolar disorder, there is a 40 to 70 percent chance that the other will develop bipolar disorder in their lifetime.
MRI studies have shown that certain parts of the brain responsible for mood regulation are larger in bipolar patients.
It is also possible for bipolar disorder to develop after a stroke, brain injury, or certain infections.
Like most mental illnesses, there are ways to treat bipolar disorder.
The most common way to treat bipolar disorder is by using medications called mood stabilizers.
These medicines prevent and control the manic and depressive episodes.
One of the most common mood stabilizers is lithium.
Therapy can also be used to control the symptoms.
The same treatments and medicines do not work for everyone, and it is not uncommon for people to have symptoms return if they stop taking medication.
Things like this can make bipolar disorder a difficult illness to live with, but educating patients about it makes it easier.
Sometimes, people need to be treated against their will.