the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
1996 - Calum Hood, Australian singer, 5 Seconds of Summer.
389 - Gregory Nazianzus, Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 329)
477 – Geiseric, King of the Vandals and Alans
844 – Pope Gregory IV
1067 – Emperor Yingzong of China (b. 1032)
1366 – Henry Suso, German mystic
1431 – Charles I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1364)
1494 – King Ferdinand I of Naples (b. 1423)
1559 - King Christian II of Denmark (b. 1481)
1573 - Hirohate Hirohide, Japanese samurai (b. 1553)
1578 - Mihrimah Sultan, Ottoman princess (b. 1522)
1586 - Lucas Cranach the Younger, German painter (b. 1515)
1640 – Robert Burton, English scholar (b. 1577)
1670 – Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1612)
1726 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (b. 1726)
1733 – Gilbert Heathcote, Mayor of London
1742 - Edmond Halley, English scientist (b. 1656)
1744 - Domenico Sarro, Italian composer (b. 1679)
1751 – Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (b. 1675)
1852 - Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian cartographer and explorer (b. 1778)
1857 - Andrew Stevenson, American politician (b. 1784)
1870 - Victor de Broglie, French statesman and diplomat (b. 1785)
1881 – Konstantin Thon, Russian architect (b. 1794)
1907 - René Pottier, French cyclist (b. 1879)
1908 – Mikhail Chigorin, Russian chess player (b. 1850)
1908 – Ouida, English writer (b. 1839)
1925 – Ivan Vucetic, Croatian anthropologist (b. 1858)
1947 – Al Capone, American gangster (b. 1899)
1949 - Makino Nobuaki, Japanese statesman (b. 1861)
1952 - Sveinn Björnsson, 1st President of Iceland (b. 1881)
1954 - Manabendra Nath Roy, Indian political activist (b. 1887)
1957 - Thomas January, American soccer player (b. 1886)
1958 - Cemil Topuzlu, Turkish politician (b. 1866)
1960 - Diana Barrymore, American actress (b. 1921)
1969 – Irene Castle, English dancer (b. 1887)
1970 – Jane Bathori, French mezzo-soprano (b. 1877)
1975 - Charlotte Whitton, 46th Mayor of Ottawa (b. 1896)
1981 – Adele Astaire, American dancer (b. 1897)
1982 – Mikhail Suslov, Soviet politician (b. 1902)
1985 - Ilias Iliou, Greek politician (b. 1904)
1990 – Ava Gardner, American actress (b. 1922)
1994 – Stephen Cole Kleene, American mathematician (b. 1909)
1995 – Cal Jammer, American actor (b. 1960)
1996 – Jonathan Larson, American composer (b. 1960)
1996 - Billy Bailey, American convicted murderer, last person to be hanged to-date in the US (b. 1947)
1999 – Robert Shaw, American conductor (b. 1916)
2004 – Fanny Blankers-Koen, Dutch athlete (b. 1918)
2004 – Miklós Fehér, Hungarian footballer (b. 1979)
2005 – Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (b. 1923)
2005 – William Augustus Bootle, American judge (b. 1902)
2005 – Philip Johnson, American architect (b. 1906)
2005 – Ray Peterson, American singer (b. 1935)
2005 – Nettie Witziers-Timmer, Dutch athlete (b. 1923)
2009 - Mamadou Dia, 1st Prime Minister of Senegal (b. 1910)
2009 - Kim Manners, American movie director and producer (b. 1951)
2010 - Ali Hassan al-Majid, Iraqi politician and military commander (b. 1941)
2012 - Veronica Carstens, former First Lady of Germany (b. 1923)
2014 - Gyula Sax, Hungarian chess player (b. 1951)
2014 - Dave Strack, American basketball player (b. 1923)
2015 - Demis Roussos, Greek singer (b. 1946)
2015 - Bill Monbouquette, American baseball player (b. 1936)
2015 - Zulkifli Abdhir, Malaysian terrorist (b. 1966)
2016 - Kalpana, Indian actress (b. 1965)
2016 - Concepcion Picciotto, Spanish-American peace activist (b. 1936)
2016 - Paul Terasaki, American scientist and philanthropist (b. 1929)
2017 - Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian novelist (b. 1944)
2017 - Robert Garcia, American politician (b. 1933)
2017 - Kevin Geer, American actor (b. 1954)
2017 - John Hurt, British actor (b. 1940)
2017 - Katja of Sweden, Swedish fashion designer (b. 1920)
2017 - Harry Mathews, American author (b. 1930)
2017 - Jack Mendelsohn, American cartoonist and screenwriter (b. 1926)
2017 - Mary Tyler Moore, American actress (b. 1936)
2017 - Nigel Rodley, British human rights activist (b. 1941)
Burns Night (Scotland and Scottish community)
Dydd Santes Dwynwen - Welsh Saint Valentine's Day
National Police Day (Egypt)
National Voters' Day (India)
Tatiana Day (Russia)
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18  July 1817) was an English novelist.
She wrote many books of romantic fiction about the gentry.
Her works made her one of the most famous and beloved writers in English literature.
She is one of the great masters of the English novel.
Austen's works criticized sentimental novels in the late 18th century, and are part of the change to nineteenth-century realism.
She wrote about typical people in everyday life.
This gave the English novel its first distinctly modern character.
Austen's stories are often comic, but they also show how women depended on marriage for social standing and economic security.
Her works are also about moral problems.
Jane Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon, near Basingstoke.
Educated mostly by her father and older brothers, and also by her own reading, she lived with her family at Steventon.
They moved to Bath when her father retired in 1801.
After he died in 1805, she moved around with her mother.
In 1809, they settled in Chawton, near Alton, Hampshire.
In May 1817 she moved to Winchester to be near her doctor.
She died there on 18 July 1817.
Jane Austen was very modest about her own genius.
She once famously described her work as "the little bit (two Inches wide) of Ivory, on which I work with so fine a brush, as produces little effect after much labor".
When she was a girl she wrote stories.
Her works were printed only after much revision.
Only four of her novels were printed while she was alive.
They were Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1815).
Two other novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, were printed in 1817 with a biographical notice by her brother, Henry Austen.
Persuasion was written shortly before her death.
She also wrote two earlier works, Lady Susan, and an unfinished novel, The Watsons.
She had been working on a new novel, Sanditon, but she died before she could finish it.
She is now a well known great writer.
Biographical facts about Jane Austen are "famously scarce" (few).
Only a few letters remain (it is estimated that only 160 out of Austen's 3,000 letters survive).
Her sister Cassandra (to whom most of the letters were written) burned "the greater part" of the ones she kept.
The letters she did not destroy she censored.
Other letters were destroyed by the heirs of Admiral Francis Austen, Jane's brother.
Most of the biographies written about her for 50 years after she died was by her relatives, who often described her as "good quiet Aunt Jane".
Scholars have not been able to find much information after that.
Austen's parents, George Austen (1731–1805), and his wife, Cassandra (1739–1827), were both part of the gentry.
Cassandra was a part of the important Leigh family.
George Austen, however, was of a lower class of society.
He had first met Cassandra at Oxford, while she was meeting her uncle Theophilus.
George and Cassandra married on 26 April 1764 at Walcot Church in Bath.
Austen had a large family.
She had six brothers—James (1765–1819), George (1766–1838), Edward (1767–1852), Henry Thomas (1771–1850), Francis William (Frank) (1774–1865), Charles John (1779–1852)—and one sister, Cassandra Elizabeth (1773–1845), who died without marrying.
Jane deeply loved Cassandra, and they were both best friends.
Of her brothers, Austen was most close to Henry, who helped spread and influence her writing. "
Oh, what a Henry!"
she once wrote.
George was almost ten years older than Jane.
He suffered from fits and was not able to develop normally.
His father wrote of him, "We have this comfort, he cannot be a bad or a wicked child".
He may also have been deaf and mute.
Jane knew sign language (she mentioned talking "with my fingers" in a letter) and could have communicated with him.
Charles and Frank served in the navy.
Edward was adopted by his fourth cousin, Thomas Knight.
He became "Edward Knight" instead of Edward Austen in 1812.
Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon rectory.
She was christened at home and then, as the Book of Common Prayer directs, brought to church for the baptism to be certified in public on 5 April 1776.
A few months after she was born, her mother hired a woman named Elizabeth Littlewood to nurse her.
Littlewood took care of Austen for about a year.
According to family tradition, Jane and Cassandra were sent to Oxford to be educated by Mrs. Ann Crawley in 1783.
They moved with her to Southampton later in the year.
Both girls caught typhus and Jane almost died.
After that, Austen was educated at home until she went to boarding school with Cassandra early in 1785.
She learned some French, spelling, needlework, dancing,music, and probably drama.
In the winter of 1786, Jane and Cassandra went back home.
Austen also learned much by reading books.
Her father and brothers helped choose the books she read.
George Austen seemed to have let his daughters read the books in his large library freely.
He also allowed Austen's experiments in writing, and gave her costly paper and other writing materials.
Jane Austen and her family also enjoyed acting out plays privately.
Most of the plays were comedies.
This might have been a way for Austen's comedic and satirical talents to develop.
Early writings
Perhaps from as early as 1787, Austen began writing poems, short stories, and plays for fun.
Austen later put together "fair copies" of 29 of these early works into three notebooks.
They are now called the Juvenilia.
It has pieces which were first written down between 1787 and 1793.
Jane Austen had arranged her writing during this time into three volumes, namely Volume the First, Volume the Second and Volume the Third.
There is some proof that Austen continued to work on these pieces later in life.
Her nephew and niece, James Edward and Anna Austen, may have made further additions to her work in around 1814.
In these works were included Love and Freindship  which was completed in 1790 and Lesley Castle which was completed in 1792.
In Love and Freindship, she laughed at popular sentimental novels.
She also wrote The History of England, which had 13 watercolour pictures by her sister Cassandra inside it.
Jane Austen started to feel increasingly unwell during 1816, which was the year when her novel 'Persuasion' was published.
On 24 May 1817, she moved to Winchester in search for a cure to her illness.
She died on 18 July 1817, aged 41.
Although there is no conclusive evidence to prove the cause of her death, it seems likely that it was Addison's disease that killed her.
She was buried in Winchester Cathedral on 24 July 1817.
Primary works
Austen, Jane.
Catharine and Other Writings.
Margaret Anne Doody and Douglas Murray.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. .
David Starkey.
Icon Books, HarperCollins Publishers, 2006. .
Le Faye, Deirdre, ed.
Jane Austen's Letters.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. .
Secondary works
Austen, Henry Thomas. "
Biographical Notice of the Author".
Northanger Abbey and Persuasion.
London: John Murray, 1817.
Austen-Leigh, James Edward.
A Memoir of Jane Austen.
R. W. Chapman.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967.
Austen-Leigh, William and Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh.
Jane Austen: Her Life and Letters, A Family Record.
London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1913.
Fergus, Jan. Jane Austen: A Literary Life.
London: Macmillan, 1991. .
Honan, Park.
Jane Austen: A Life.
New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. .
Le Faye, Deirdre.
Jane Austen: A Family Record.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. .
Nokes, David.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. .
Tomalin, Claire.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997. .
Alexander, Christine and Juliet McMaster, eds.
The Child Writer from Austen to Woolf.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. .
Copeland, Edward and Juliet McMaster, eds.
The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. .
Grey, J. David, ed.
The Jane Austen Companion.
New York: Macmillan, 1986. .
Lynch, Deidre, ed.
Janeites: Austen's Disciples and Devotees.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. .
Southam, B. C., ed.
Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage, 1812–1870.
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1968. .
Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage, 1870–1940.
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987. .
Todd, Janet, ed.
Jane Austen in Context.
Watt, Ian, ed.
Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1963. .
Armstrong, Nancy.
Desire and Domestic Fiction.
London: Oxford University Press, 1987. .
Jane Austen and the War of Ideas.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975. .
Byrne, Paula.
Jane Austen and the Theatre.
London and New York: Continuum, 2002. .
Collins, Irene.
Jane Austen and the Clergy.
London: The Hambledon Press, 1994. .
Devlin, D.D. Jane Austen and Education.
London: Macmillan, 1975. .
Duckworth, Alistair M. The Improvement of the Estate: A Study of Jane Austen's Novels.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971. .
Fergus, Jan. Jane Austen and the Didactic Novel.
Totowa: Barnes & Noble, 1983. .
Ferguson, Moira. "
Mansfield Park, Slavery, Colonialism, and Gender".
Oxford Literary Review 13 (1991): 118–39.
Galperin, William.
The Historical Austen.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. .
Gay, Penny.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. .
Gubar, Susan and Sandra Gilbert.
The Madwoman in the Attic: the Woman Writer and the Nineteenth Century Literary Imagination.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. .
Harding, D.W., "Regulated Hatred: An Aspect of the Work of Jane Austen".
Ian Watt.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963.
Jenkyns, Richard.
A Fine Brush on Ivory: An Appreciation of Jane Austen.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. .
Johnson, Claudia L. Jane Austen: Women, Politics and the Novel.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. .
Kirkham, Margaret.
Jane Austen, Feminism and Fiction.
Brighton: Harvester, 1983. .
Koppel, Gene.
The Religious Dimension in Jane Austen's Novels.
Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1988.
Lascelles, Mary.
Jane Austen and Her Art.
Original publication 1939.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966.
Leavis, F.R. The Great Tradition: George Eliot, Henry James, Joseph Conrad.
London: Chatto & Windus, 1960.
Jane Austen: A Study of Her Development.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
Lynch, Deidre.
The Economy of Character.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. .
MacDonagh, Oliver.
Jane Austen: Real and Imagined Worlds.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991. .
Miller, D. A. Jane Austen, or The Secret of Style.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. .
Mudrick, Marvin.
Jane Austen: Irony as Defense and Discovery.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952.
Page, Norman.
The Language of Jane Austen.
Oxford: Blackwell, 1972. .
Poovey, Mary.
The Proper Lady and the Woman Writer: Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley, and Jane Austen.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. .
Raven, James.
The Business of Books: Booksellers and the English Book Trade.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. .
Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism.
New York: Vintage Books, 1993. .
Todd, Janet.
The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. .
Waldron, Mary.
Jane Austen and the Fiction of Her Time.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. .
Wiltshire, John.
Recreating Jane Austen.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. .
Jane Austen and the Body: The Picture of Health.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. .
1775 births
1817 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Hampshire
Writers from Hampshire
She first published her works, including Jane Eyre, under the pseudonym (false name) of Currer Bell.
In 1846, Charlotte encouraged her sisters to print Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell.
They did not sell well.
Her first novel, The Professor, was rejected by many publishers.
It was not printed until 1857.
She is famous for her novel Jane Eyre (1847), which was very popular when it was printed.
Jane Eyre was a strong story of a plain, brave, clever woman struggling with her passions, reasons, and social condition.
She later wrote the books Shirley (1849) and Villette (1853).
She lived longer than her sisters, but she was only 38 when she died in pregnancy.
Charlotte Brontë was the third child of Patrick Brontë (formerly "Patrick Brunty"), an Irish Anglican clergyman, and his wife, Maria née Branwell.
In April 1821, the family moved a few miles to Haworth.
Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate there.
Maria Branwell Brontë died of cancer on 15 September 1821.
She left her five daughters and a son to be looked after by her sister Elizabeth Branwell.
In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire.
She described it as Lowood School in her novel Jane Eyre.
The sisters were Emily, Maria and Elizabeth.
The poor conditions of the school permanently affected Charlotte's health according to her.
She thought it led to the early deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815).
They died of tuberculosis in June 1825 soon after their father took them from the school on 1 June.
At home in Haworth Parsonage, Charlotte and the other living children (Branwell, Emily and Anne) began writing about the lives and struggles of the dwellers of their imaginary kingdoms.
Charlotte and Branwell wrote Byronic stories about their country — Angria — Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about theirs Gondal.
Charlotte went to school at Roe Head, Mirfield, from 1831 to 1832.
There she met her lifelong friends, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor.
In 1833 she wrote her novella The Green Dwarf under the name of Wellesley.
Charlotte returned as a teacher from 1835 to 1838.
In 1839 she became a governess to various families in Yorkshire, a career she had until 1841.
In 1842 she and Emily travelled to Brussels to enroll in a pensionnat (boarding school) run by Constantin Heger (1809 – 1896) and his wife Claire Zoé Parent Heger (1814 – 1891).
In return for this, Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music.
Their time at the pensionnat was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell, their aunt, died in October 1842.
Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to be a teacher at the pensionnat.
This stay was not happy.
She became lonely, homesick and deeply attached to Constantin Heger.
She finally returned to Haworth in January 1844 and later used her time at the pensionnat as the inspiration for some of The Professor and Villette.
Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell (1846)
Jane Eyre, published in 1847
Shirley, published in 1849
Villette, published in 1853
The Professor,published posthumously in 1857
Emma, unfinished; Charlotte Brontë wrote only 20 pages of the manuscript.
The book was then finished by author Clare Boylan and released in 2003.
It was named Emma Brown.
Brontë Parsonage Museum in Haworth
The Brontë Society's Blog, contains the latest news of events, lectures, publications etc.
concerning the Brontë family of writers.
Online editions of Charlotte Brontë's works
Charlotte Brontë - Drawing by George Richmond (National Portrait Gallery)
1816 births
1885 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Yorkshire
Writers from Yorkshire
Emily Jane Brontë (30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was a British author and poet.
She is most famous for her only novel Wuthering Heights (published in 1847).
She wrote under the pen name Ellis Bell.
Brontë had two sisters, Charlotte and Anne, who were also writers.
Her brother, Branwell, was a painter.
She co-wrote the poetry collection Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell (1846), with her sisters.
She was born in Thornton, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.
She attended Cowan School with her sister Charlotte.
Brontë died of tuberculosis on 19 December 1848 in Haworth, West Riding of Yorkshire.
She was 30.
Poems of Emily Brontë at Poetseers.org
1848 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
Infectious disease deaths in England
Anne Brontë (17 January  1820 – 28 May 1849) was an English writer and poet.
She is best known for writing Agnes Grey (1847) and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848).
Anne was born on 17 January 1820 in Thornton, Yorkshire, England.
She was the daughter of Patrick and Marie Brontë and the youngest of their six children.
She was taught at her family's home in Haworth by her aunt Elizabeth Branwell.
She worked as a governess in 1839 and then again between 1841 and 1845.
In 1846 Anne contributed 21 poems to Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell.
This was a joint work with her sisters, Charlotte and Emily.
Agnes Grey was published in 1847 in three volumes with Wuthering Heights, a book written by her sister Emily.
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall was published in 1848 and sold well.
Agnes Grey (1847)
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848)
1820 births
1849 deaths
Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England.
His parents were John Dickens (1785-1851), a naval pay clerk, and Elizabeth Barrow (1789–1863).
When Dickens was born he had a rare disorder meaning he could not read or write properly like other kids.
When Charles was twelve years old, his family moved to Camden, London.
He worked in a blacking factory there while his father was in prison for debt.
Dickens's hard times in the factory served as a foundation of ideas for many of his novels.
Many like Oliver Twist soon became famous.
When his great-grandmother died and transmitted money, Charles' father paid off his debts and was released from prison.
Charles did not like working and wished to stop working after his father was released.
However, his mother said that the family needed the money so Charles was forced to continue working.
Charles then finished his schooling, and got a job as an office boy for an attorney.
After finding that job dull, he taught himself shorthand and became a journalist that reported on the government.
Dickens was a Unitarian.
His first book was Sketches by Boz in 1836, a collection of the short pieces he had been writing for the Monthly Magazine and the Evening Chronicle.
This was followed by The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club in 1837.
Both these books became popular as soon as they were printed.
Charles Dickens died of a stroke on June 9, 1870.
He was buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.
Sketches by Boz (1836)
The Pickwick Papers (1837)
Oliver Twist (1838)
Nicholas  Nickelby (1838)
The Old Curiosity Shop (1840)
Barnaby Rudge (1841)
Martin Chuzzlewit (1843)
A Christmas Carol (1843)
Dombey and Son (1846—1848)
David Copperfield (1849—1850)
Bleak House (1851—1853)
Hard Times (1854)
Little Dorritt (1855—1857)
A Tale of Two Cities (1859)
Great Expectations (1861)
Our Mutual Friend (1865)
The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1869—1870) (unfinished)
Charles Dickens mobile ebooks
Charles Dickens at the British Library
People from Portsmouth
1812 births
1870 deaths
Portsmouth is a city in the south of England, in the county of Hampshire.
About 280,536 people live there (As Of 2017).
It is a port and is the home of the British Royal Navy.
It's the second-largest city in the county of Hampshire, behind Southampton.
It is one of the most densely populated cities in Europe.
Portsmouth is on Portsea Island and is narrowly separated from the mainland by a creek.
For centuries the city was one of the world's biggest places of shipbuilding.
Some of its most famous ships that people can still see are HMS Victory and the HMS Warrior.
People also visit Portsmouth to see the old ship Mary Rose.
This was Henry VIII of England's ship, and it was under the water for a long time, from 1545 to 1982.
Tourists also go to see Cumberland House, the birthplace of Charles Dickens, a British author (writer).
Portsmouth City Council
Official Portsmouth City Guide
University of Portsmouth Students' Union
HMS Victory is the oldest ship still in use.
It is in Portsmouth, England with the HMS Warrior and the remains of the Mary Rose, a ship belonging to Henry VIII of England.
HMS Victory Royal Navy website
Pictures of HMS Victory
Restoration of HMS Victory  Society for Nautical Research website
HMS Victory Model
Google Maps Image of HMS Victory in Portsmouth Harbour
Local.Live.com Bird's Eye View of HMS Victory in Portsmouth Harbour
Nelson's Victory
Life onboard HMS Victory
HMS Victory datasheet
Royal Naval Communications Association, Communications History - The First Signal Schools
MaritimeQuest HMS Victory Photo Gallery
UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
HMS Warrior was the first battleship with a hull made of iron.
It was built in response to the French ironclad warship Gloire.
It is in Portsmouth, England with the HMS Victory and the remains of the Mary Rose, a ship belonging to Henry VIII of England.
HMS Warrior website
StVincent.ac.uk
The Mary Rose was a ship which belonged to Henry VIII of England.
She sank in 1545 in battle with a French fleet.
In 1979, the Mary Rose Trust was formed.
In 1982 the Mary Rose Trust managed to get the Mary Rose out of the sea.
In 1994, they started to preserve her.
The remains of the Mary Rose are currently in Portsmouth, England with the HMS Victory and HMS Warrior.
Sinking
It is not known the exact reason for the sinking.
One of the theories is that she had the gun ports open to fire at the French.
She then turned to fire at the other side, but the men on board failed to close the gun ports.
Sea water got in the open gun ports, which tipped her over and she sank.
The Mary Rose sank because the wind blew and tipped her over.
British warships
April 28 – Funeral of Elizabeth I of England
March 18 – John IV of Portugal
March 24 – Elizabeth I of England
Up to 1950
357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.
1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem.
1220 – The foundation stone is laid for Salisbury Cathedral in Salisbury, England.
1253 – Nichiren Buddhism is founded.
1503 – The Battle of Cerignola is fought.
It is the first battle won by small arms using gunpowder.
1611 - Founding of the University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines, the largest Roman Catholic university in the world.
1788 – Maryland becomes the 7th US State.
1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty by Fletcher Christian: Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are cast adrift in a boat, reaching the island of Tofua on the same day, while Christian sails to Tonga.
1792 – The French Revolutionary Wars begin.
1796 - The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean Sea coast.
1869 – Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the first transcontinental railroad lay 10 miles of track in one day.
1877 - The Stamford Bridge stadium in London, is opened, for use as an athletics stadium, though it later becomes the home ground of Chelsea FC.
1885 - Buddhism: Ceylon's first Vesakh celebration is held.
The international Buddhist flag is hoisted for the first time.
1902 – Manchester United F.C. comes into being, through a name change to avoid the bankruptcy of Newton Heath F.C.
1903 – An earthquake in Turkey kills 2,200 people.
1908 - World Esperanto Association is founded.
1910 - Frenchman Louis Paulham wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race, the first long-distance aeroplane race in England.
1920 – Azerbaijan is taken over by Soviet Russia.
1923 – London's Wembley Stadium is opened.
1930 – The first night game in baseball is held in Independence, Kansas.
1932 – A vaccine for yellow fever is announced for use on humans.
1944 – World War II: Nine German bombers attack US and UK units while they rehearsed for the Normandy landings.
946 people are killed.
1945 – World War II: Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are executed.
1945 - World War II: The city of Augsburg surrenders to US forces.
1947 – Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki expedition of the Pacific Ocean begins in Callao, Peru.
This is to prove his theory of Polynesia being settled from South America.
1948 – Igor Stravinsky conducts the first performance of his American ballet, Orpheus, in New York City.
1949 – Former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon is assassinated.
1950 – Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej marries Queen Sirikit.
From 1951
1952 – Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO.
1952 – US occupation of Japan officially ends.
1952 – The Second Sino-Japanese War officially ends.
1965 - US troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall the establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate US troops.
1967 - Cassius Clay (now Muhammad Ali) is stripped of his boxing titles, after saying that he would not join United States Military operations in Vietnam.
The titles are later re-instated.
1969 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France.
1975 – South Vietnamese President Tran Van Huong resigns after a week in office, and flees, as the Vietnam War is in its final stages.
1977 – Red Army Faction members Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe are found guilty of murder.
1978 – President of Afghanistan Mohammed Daoud Khan is overthrown and killed by pro-Communist rebels.
1986 - United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise becomes the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to travel through the Suez Canal, from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to relieve the USS Coral Sea.
1986 - The Soviet Union admits that there was a nuclear accident at Chernobyl on April 26, after scientists in Finland and Sweden detected unusually high levels of radiation in the air.
1988 - Near Maui, Hawaii, flight attendant Clarabelle Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death, when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight.
1994 – Former CIA counter-intelligence officer and analyst Adrian Ames pleads guilty to leaking US secrets to the Soviet Union and Russia.
1996 – In Tasmania, Australia, Martin Bryant goes on a shooting spree, killing 35 people.
2001 – Millionaire Dennis Tito becomes the first space tourist.
2002 – The Green Party of Pakistan is formed.
2008 – A train collision in Shandong, China, kills 72 people, and injures 416.
2008 – Hong Kong Disneyland opens.
2010 - Then-Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Gordon Brown apologises after being recorded referring to a 66-year-old voter as a "bigoted woman" during the General Election campaign.
2013 - Enrico Letta becomes Prime Minister of Italy, after political deadlock following an inconclusive election two months earlier.
At the same time, two police officers are injured in a shooting outside the Prime Minister's office.
2019 - Spain holds an early general election: The Socialist Party of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez is the largest party on 29%; the far-right Vox party enters parliament for the first time.
32 – Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman Emperor (d. 69)
1402 – Nezahualcoyotl, ruler, philosopher and poet in Pre-Columbian Central America (d. 1472)
1442 – Edward IV of England (d. 1483)
1545 – Yi Sun-sin, Korean military leader and admiral (d. 1598)
1612 - Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1646)
1630 - Charles Cotton, English poet (d. 1687)
1652 – Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt, German composer (d. 1712)
1686 - Michael Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1721)
1715 - Frank Sparry, Austrian composer (d. 1767)
1753 - Frank Karl Achard, German naturalist (d. 1821)
1758 – James Monroe, 5th President of the United States (d. 1831)
1761 - Marie Harel, French cheesemaker (d. 1844)
1765 - Sylvestre François Lacroix, French mathematician (d. 1834)
1774 – Francis Baily, English astronomer (d. 1844)
1788 – Charles Robert Cockerell, English architect and archaeologist (d. 1863)
1795 – Charles Sturt, English explorer of Australia (d. 1861)
1819 - Ezra Abbot, American scholar (d. 1884)
1831 - Peter Tait, Scottish physicist (d. 1901)
1838 – Tobias Asser, Dutch jurist (d. 1913)
1842 – Prince Gaston, Count of Eu, Prince and Brazilian marshal (d. 1922)
1848 - Ludvig Schytte, Danish composer, pianist and teacher (d. 1909)
1868 – Lucy Booth, Indian songwriter and commander (d. 1953)
1868 - Georgy Voronoy, Russian mathematician (d. 1908)
1869 – C. C. Young, 26th Governor of California (d. 1947)
1874 - Karl Kraus, Austrian journalist and writer (d. 1936)
1876 – Nicola Romeo, Italian automobile engineer and entrepreneur (d. 1938)
1878 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor (d. 1954)
1886 - Art Shaw, American hurdler (d. 1955)
1888 – Walter Tull, English footballer (d. 1918)
1889 – Antonio Oliveira de Salazar, Portuguese political leader (d. 1970)
1891 - Charles Patton, American blues guitarist (d. 1934)
1896 - Na Hye-sok, Korean writer, painter, educator and journalist (d. 1948)
1897 – Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician (d. 1986)
1898 – Grantley Herbert Adams, Barbadian politician (d. 1971)
1900 - Jan Oort, Dutch astronomer (d. 1992)
1901 - Henry Stallard, Belgian middle-distance runner (d. 1973)
1902 - Johan Borgen, Norwegian writer (d. 1979)
1906 – Kurt Gödel, Austrian mathematician (d. 1978)
1906 - Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor (d. 1999)
1908 – Oskar Schindler, German industrialist and humanitarian (d. 1974)
1912 - Odette Sansom Hallowes, French resistance worker (d. 1945)
1916 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (d. 1993)
1919 - Wally Stanowski, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
1921 - Simin Daneshvar, Iranian author and academic (d. 2012)
1923 - William Guarnere, American sergeant (d. 2014)
1924 - Dick Ayers, American comic book artist and cartoonist (d. 2014)
1924 - Donatas Banionis, Lithuanian actor (d. 2014)
1924 – Kenneth Kaunda, 1st President of Zambia
1924 - Blossom Dearie, American jazz singer and pianist (d. 2009)
1926 – Harper Lee, American writer and activist (d. 2016)
1928 – Eugene Shoemaker, American astronomer (d. 1997)
1928 - Yves Klein, French artist (d. 1962)
1930 – James Baker, 61st United States Secretary of State
1930 - Carolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983)
1933 - Miodrag Radulovacki, Serbian-American scientist and inventor (d. 2014)
1934 - Lois Duncan, American actress (d. 2016)
1934 - Diane Johnson, American writer
1936 - Tariq Aziz, Iraqi politician (d. 2015)
1937 - Jean Redpath, Scottish singer (d. 2014)
1937 - John White, Scottish footballer (d. 1964)
1937 – Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (d. 2006)
1938 - Fred Dibnah, English steeplejack and television personality (d. 2004)
1941 - John Madejski, English businessman
1941 – Ann-Margret, Swedish actress
1941 – Karl Barry Sharpless, American chemist
1941 - Iryna Zhylenko, Ukrainian poet
1942 - Mike Brearley, English cricketer
1943 - Jacques Dutronc, French singer, songwriter, guitarist, composer and actor
1943 - Bob Siebert, American jazz musician and composer
1943 - Yoav Talmi, Israeli conductor and composer
1943 - Jeffrey Tate, English musical director and conductor
1944 - Günter Verheugen, German politician
1944 - Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberge, Belgian politician in Wallonia
1946 - Nour El-Sherif, Egyptian actor (d. 2015)
1947 - Nicola LeFanu, English composer and academic
1948 – Terry Pratchett, English writer (d. 2015)
1948 - Marcia Strassman, American actress (d. 2014)
1949 – Paul Guilfoyle, American actor
1949 – Bruno Kirby, American actor (d. 2006)
1950 – Jay Leno, American comedian and showmaster
1950 - Steve Rider, English sports broadcaster
1952 - Chuck Leavell, American keyboardist
1952 - Mary McDonnell, American actress
1953 – Kim Gordon, American singer
1954 - Tom McCabe, Scottish politician (d. 2015)
1954 - Mary Jo Randle, English actress
1958 – Kenny MacAskill, Scottish politician
1959 – Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (d. 2011)
1960 – Ian Rankin, Scottish crime fiction writer
1960 - Elena Kagan, United States Supreme Court Justice
1960 – Walter Zenga, Italian footballer
1960 – Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Icelandic strength athlete (d. 1993)
1961 - Anna Oxa, Italian singer
1964 - L'Wren Scott, American fashion designer and model (d. 2014)
1964 - Stephen Ames, Canadian golfer
1966 – Ali-Reza Pahlavi, Iranian royal (d. 2011)
1966 – John Daly, American golfer
1966 – Too Short, American rapper, producer and actor
1968 – Howard Donald, English singer, musician and producer (Take That)
1968 – Andy Flower, Zimbabwean cricketer
1970 – Diego Simeone, Argentine footballer
1971 - Bridget Moynahan, American actress
1972 - Anita Anand, English television and radio journalist
1972 – Joseph Bruce, American actor, rapper, producer and wrestler
1973 – Pauleta, Portuguese footballer
1973 - Ian Murdock, American software engineer (d. 2015)
1973 – Jorge Garcia, American actor
1974 – Penélope Cruz, Spanish actress
1974 – Vernon Kay, British radio and television presenter
1974 – Margo Dydek, Polish basketball player (d. 2011)
1977 - Thorstein Helstad, Norwegian footballer
1978 – Lauren Laverne, British radio and television presenter
1980 - Josh Howard, American basketball player
1980 - Bradley Wiggins, British cyclist
1981 – Jessica Alba, American actress
1981 - Pietro Travagli, Italian rugby player
1981 - Ilary Blasi, Italian actress and model
1981 - Alex Riley, American wrestler
1982 – Nikki Grahame, English television personality
1982 - Harry Shum, Jr., Costa Rican actor and dancer
1983 – Roger Johnson, English footballer
1984 - Dmitri Torbinski, Russian footballer
1985 - Lukas Jakubczyk, German sprinter and long jumper
1985 - Louise Pentland, English vlogger, blogger, YouTuber and author
1986 - Roman Polak, Czech ice hockey player
1986 – Jennifer Palm Lundberg, Swedish model
1986 - Jenna Ushkowitz, Korean-American actress
1987 - Zoran Tosic, Serbian footballer
1987 - Daequan Cook, American basketball player
1988 – Juan Mata, Spanish footballer
1988 - Spencer Hawes, American basketball player
1989 - Kim Sung-kyu, South Korean singer and actress
1991 - Jordan Robinson, English footballer
1994 - Izzy Bizu, English singer
1995 - Melanie Martinez, American singer and songwriter
1074 – Sweyn II of Denmark (b. 1019)
1192 – Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem
1489 – Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, English politician
1530 - Niklaus Manuel Deutsch I, Swiss polymath (b. 1484)
1695 - Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet (b. 1621)
1716 - Louis de Montfort, French priest and saint (b. 1673)
1721 - Mary Reid, English pirate (b. 1685)
1741 - Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general and statesman (b. 1668)
1772 – Johann Christian Struensee, physician (b. 1737)
1781 – Cornelius Harnett, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1723)
1799 - Matthew Griswold, Governor of Connecticut (b. 1714)
1802 - Richard Howell, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1754)
1813 - Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (b. 1745)
1851 - Edward Codrington, English admiral (b. 1770)
1853 – Ludwig Tieck, German writer (b. 1773)
1865 – Samuel Cunard, Canadian-British shipping magnate (b. 1787)
1881 - Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, French sculptor and photographer (b. 1818)
1883 – Jack Russell, English parson, hunter and dog breeder (b. 1795)
1885 - Conrad Baker, Governor of Indiana (b. 1817)
1905 - Fitzhugh Lee, American politician, 40th Governor of Virginia (b. 1835)
1909 - Frederick Holbrook, Governor of Vermont (b. 1813)
1918 – Gavrilo Princip, Bosnian-Serb assassin (b. 1894)
1934 - Charley Patton, American blues musician (b. 1891)
1936 – King Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868)
1944 – Frank Knox, American politician (b. 1874)
1945 – Benito Mussolini, Italian Fascist dictator (b. 1883)
1945 – Clara Petacci, Italian mistress to Benito Mussolini (b. 1912)
1946 - Louis Bachelier, French mathematician (b. 1875)
1949 – Aurora Quezon, First Lady of the Philippines (b. 1888)
1954 – Leon Jouhaux, French Labor leader (b. 1879)
1964 – Milton Margai, 1st Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (b. 1895)
1970 – Ed Begley, American actor (b. 1901)
1973 - Jacques Maritain, French philosopher (b. 1882)
1973 – Clas Thunberg, Finnish speed skater (b. 1893)
1976 - Richard Hughes, American writer (b. 1900)
1977 – Sepp Herberger, German footballer and coach (b. 1897)
1978 – Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (b. 1909)
1981 - Steve Currie, American musician (b. 1947)
1992 – Francis Bacon, Irish painter (b. 1909)
1992 – Iceberg Slim, American writer (b. 1918)
1993 - Jim Valvano, American basketball player, coach and broadcaster (b. 1946)
1998 - Jerome Bixby, American author and screenwriter (b. 1923)
1999 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist (b. 1921)
2000 – Penelope Fitzgerald, English writer (b. 1916)
2000 - Jerzy Einhorn, Polish-Swedish physician, researcher and politician (b. 1925)
2002 – Alexander Lebed, Russian general and politician (b. 1950)
2005 – Chris Candido, American professional wrestler (b. 1972)
2007 - Dabbs Greer, American actor (b. 1917)
2007 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsaecker, German physicist and philosopher (b. 1912)
2009 – Ekaterina Maximova, Russian ballerina (b. 1939)
2011 – Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (b. 1959)
2012 – Matilde Camus, Spanish poet and writer (b. 1919)
2013 - Janos Starker, Hungarian-American cellist (b. 1924)
2014 - Ryan Tandy, Australian rugby league player (b. 1981)
2014 - Jack Ramsay, American basketball coach (b. 1925)
2014 - Edgar Laprade, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919)
2014 - Dennis Kamakahi, American musician (b. 1953)
2014 - Idris Sardi, Indonesian violinist and composer (b. 1938)
2015 - Ashura Hara, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1947)
2015 - Keith Harris, English ventriloquist (b. 1947)
2015 - Xu Guangxian, Chinese chemist (b. 1920)
2015 - Deng Minghe, Chinese actor (b. 2006)
2015 - Michael J. Ingelido, American air force general (b. 1916)
2015 - René Féret, French actor and director (b. 1945)
2015 - Duri Camichel, Swiss ice hockey player (b. 1982)
2015 - Jack Ely, American singer (b. 1943)
2016 - Georg Kronawitter, German politician (b. 1928)
2016 - Edward Ashmore, British naval officer (b. 1919)
2016 - Conrad Burns, American politician (b. 1934)
2016 - Jenny Diski, English writer (b. 1947)
2016 - Igor Fesunenko, Russian journalist (b. 1933)
2016 - René Hausman, Belgian author and artist (b. 1936)
2016 - Barry Howard, English actor (b. 1937)
2016 - Ingram Olkin, American professor of statistics (b. 1924)
2017 - Vito Acconci, American artist and architectural designer (b. 1940)
2017 - Brazo de Oro, Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1959)
2017 - Janelle Kirtley, American water skier (b. 1943)
2017 - John Shifflett, American jazz musician (b. 1953)
2017 - Chad Young, American cyclist (b. 1995)
2018 - James H. Cone, American theologian (b. 1936)
2018 - Alfie Evans, British child in parental rights case (b. 2016)
2018 - Larry Harvey, American artist, philanthropist and activist (b. 1948)
2018 - Art Paul, American graphic designer (b. 1925)
2018 - Agildo Ribeiro, Brazilian actor (b. 1932)
2018 - Art Shay, American photographer (b. 1922)
2018 - Karl Toft, Canadian sex offender (b. 1936)
2018 - Eric Koch, German-Canadian author, broadcaster and academic (b. 1919)
2019 - Sylvia Bretschneider, German politician (b. 1960)
2019 - Wayson Choy, Canadian writer (b. 1939)
2019 - Damon Keith, American judge (b. 1922)
2019 - Jo Sullivan Loesser, American actress (b. 1927)
2019 - Richard Lugar, American politician, United States Senator for Indiana (b. 1932)
2019 - Karol Modzelewski, Polish historian, writer, politician and academic (b. 1937)
2019 - Menachem Mandel Taub, Israeli concentration camp survivor (b. 1923)
Workers Memorial Day
World Day for Safety and Health at Work
National Heroes Day (Barbados)
National Day (Sardinia)
The Mutiny on the Bounty has become a famous story, leading to many books, movies, and songs.
The HMS Bounty was a small, three masted, fully rigged, sailing ship.
The Bounty became famous when the crew (seamen) mutinied (took over) the ship on 28 April 1789.
The captain of the Bounty was named William Bligh.
The ship was built in Hull, England in 1784 and was first called Bethia.
In 1787 the ship was rebuilt to carry breadfruit trees.
Heat and water were added to the cabins so the trees would survive in cold weather.
The British government was hoping the breadfruit trees growing wild in Tahiti could be grown in Jamaica.
This would provide cheap food for the slaves working on the sugar farms.
The ship was very small - 90 feet 10 inches (27.7 metres) long and 24 feet 4 inches (7.4 metres) wide.
The tallest mast was 53 feet (16.1 metres) high.
The Bounty was captained by Lieutenant William Bligh and he took command on 16 August 1787.
On 23 December, 1787, Bounty set off on the long trip to Tahiti.
On the journey, William Bligh tried to go around Cape Horn.
He tried for over a month but bad weather and winds stopped the ship.
The Bounty was turned around and went the longer way around the Cape of Good Hope.
The Bounty reached Tahiti on 25 October 1788.
She had been at sea for ten months.
The crew stayed for five months and lived on the island.
They collected 1015 breadfruit plants.
The crew were very happy living in Tahiti and Fletcher Christian fell in love with a Tahitian girl named Maimiti.
They did not want to have another long journey and go back to England.
The Bounty left Tahiti on 4 April 1789, on the way to Jamaica.
On 28 April, near the Friendly Islands, Fletcher Christian led the mutiny (take over).
Bligh and 18 sailors were left at sea in a small boat, while Christian and the Bounty went back to Tahiti.
Christian and a small group of sailors, 11 Tahitian women, and 6 Tahitian men then went to the remote Pitcairn Island.
After they arrived they took everything they could from the ship.
A sailor called Matthew Quintal, burned and destroyed the Bounty on 23 January 1790.
Pitcairn Island is a remote island in the Pacific Ocean.
The Polynesians knew about the island and people had once lived there.
There was nobody living on Pitcairn when it was discovered by an English sailor, Philip Carteret on 2 July 1767.
He made a mistake and marked it on the map 200 miles from its real location.
The people from the Bounty had the remote island to themselves.
There was a lot of fighting between the new settlers.
Fletcher Christian, 4 other mutineers and all 6 of the Tahitian men were killed.
One of the 4 surviving mutineers fell off a cliff while drunk.
Matthew Quintal was killed by the remaining 2 mutineers after he attacked them.
When the American seal-hunting ship Topaz visited the island in 1808 they found only 1 mutineer, John Adams, still alive along with 9 Tahitian women.
In 1856, the British government moved all the island people to Norfolk Island.
Most stayed on Norfolk, but about 22 people found their way back and their descendants still live on Pitcairn.
Norfolk has about 1000 Bounty descendants, which is about half its population.
Lieutenant William Bligh was able to sail the small boat 6500 km back to Batavia.
He returned to England and reported the mutiny to the Admiralty on 15 March 1790.
On 7 November 1790, HMS Pandora was sent to Tahiti look for the Bounty and to bring back the mutineers for punishment.
The Pandora was able to capture the mutineers left on Tahiti, but could find no sign of the group that was hiding on Pitcairn.
The Pandora was wrecked on the way back to England.
The following list tells what happened to the crew of the Bounty.
James Valentine, sailor, died from an infection caused by surgery, before arriving in Tahiti
Thomas Huggan, Surgeon, died 6 weeks after arriving on Tahiti
Lieutenant William Bligh, Commander
Lawrence Lebogue, sail maker, sailed with Bligh on next trip
Thomas Hayward, midshipman, went back to Tahiti on HMS Pandora, survived and went back to England
John Fryer, Sailing Master
William Cole, boatswain
William Peckover, gunner
William Purcell, carpenter
John Hallett, Midshipman
George Simpson, quartermaster’s Mate
John Smith, sailor/Commander’s Servant
John Samuel, clerk /steward
Robert Tinkler, sailor
John Norton, quartermaster, killed by natives on Tofua
David Nelson, botanist, died in Timor
William Elphinstone, master’s mate, died from malaria at Batavia
Peter Linkletter, quartermaster, died from malaria at Batavia
Thomas Hall, sailor/ship's cook, died from disease in Batavia
Thomas Denman Ledward, surgeon’s mate, lost at sea
Robert Lamb, sailor/butcher, died on the trip from Batavia
Seven sailors were forced to stay on the Bounty after the mutiny.
There was not room in the small boat.
They were all taken prisoner in Tahiti by the Pandora to be taken back to England to be charged:
George Stewart, acting midshipman, drowned in the Pandora wreck
Peter Heywood, acting midshipman, found guilty but pardoned
James Morrison, boatswain’s mate, found guilty but pardoned.
Charles Norman, carpenter’s mate, found not guilty
Michael Byrne, sailor/fiddler, found not guilty
Thomas McIntosh, carpenter’s crew, found not guilty