the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
During this period, the bat forages within fields of cassava and kapok or around the tops of bamboo clumps and teak trees, within one kilometre of the roosting site.
The wings seem to be shaped for hovering flight, and the gut contents of specimens do include spiders and insects that are presumably gleaned off foliage.
Main staples of the bat's diet include small flies.
Late in the dry season (around April) of each year, females give birth to a single offspring.
During feeding periods, the young either stays in the roost or remains attached to the mother at one of her two vestigial pubic nipples.
The bumblebee bat was discovered in 1974.
It is the only living species in the family Craseonycteridae.
Currently, the most significant and long-term threat to the Thai population could be the annual burning of forest areas, which is most prevalent during the bat's breeding season.
In addition, the proposed construction of a pipeline from Burma to Thailand may have a negative impact.
Threats to the Burmese population are not well known.
The Chesterfield and District Tramways Company was a tramway system in the Derbyshire town of Chesterfield.
1927 disestablishments
1920s disestablishments in England
Douglas Southern Electric Tramway was a standard gauge tramway which ran from the top of Douglas Head on the Isle of Man to the nearby resort of Port Soderick atop the cliffs via a number of spectacular viaducts and bridges.
The Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus) is also known as the Etruscan pygmy shrew or the white-toothed pygmy shrew.
It is the smallest known mammal by mass.
The Bumblebee bat has a smaller skull.
The smallest adults of this shrew weigh about 1.3 grams and are 36 mm (1.42 inches) long.
This small mammal is 60 mm from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail; the tail is about 40 mm long.
The shrew has a lifespan of 15 months.
The Etruscan shrew lives in forests and brush areas between southern Asia and southern Europe.
The shrew mostly eats insects.
Savi's pygmy shrew, Etruscan shrew
Shrew, Etruscan
Derby Tramway was tram system that serverd the city of Derby (then a town), England.
It opened on 27 July 1904.
It was closed nearly 30 years later, on the 29 June 1934.
Preserved trams
Tramcar n°1 is the only Derby tramcar preserved and is located at the National Tramway Museum in Crich, Derbyshire.
This tram was used for crew training prior to the opening of the system.
1934 disestablishments in Europe
1930s disestablishments in England
Ballan is a small town in Victoria, Australia.
It is a part of the Shire of Moorabool.
Ballan is  north west of Melbourne, on the Werribee River.
In 2006 there were 1808 people living in Ballan.
The Western Freeway goes past the town.
The first people to live in the Ballan area were the Aborigines, the Wautharong people.
The area was rich in animals with kangaroos, kangaroo rats, bandicoots, dingos, and two sorts of native cat.
Many of these animals had gone by the end of the 1800s, with Europen settlement.
The first European settlers came from Tasmania, landing near Geelong, Victoria, and working their way up the Moorabool River with their sheep flocks.
Robert Von Steiglitz first came to the area in 1838.
He named it after Ballan in Ireland.
Other early settler names included Covvie, Stead, Wallace and Egerton.
There were fights between the Wautharong people and white farmers during settlement.
Robert Von Steiglitz said stated in his diary:
... it may be questioned by some feather-bed philanthropist whether we had the right to take the country from the blacks but I believe the general rule is that if people cultivate or graze the land they have a claim to it.
These creatures did neither ...
Gold was found in the area in 1851.
A lot of people came to look for gold.
This was part of the Victorian Gold Rush.
The Ballan Hotel dates from the gold rush period in 1851.
The town was an important staging point for coaches going to the Ballarat goldfields.
The Post Office opened in September 1853 although there were two earlier offices in the area named Ballan.
The first Mechanics' Institute in Ballan was built in 1861.
The current Mechanics' Institute built on land bought in 1881.
The facade (front) of the building was taken down and rebuilt in 1922.
The building houses the library for the town town and a hall.
On 15 November 2003 a Sprinter train going to Ballarat was derailed (came off the tracks) between Ballan and Gordon hurting  61 people when it crashed into a car on a country railway crossing.
Festivals and attractions
There is a Vintage Machinery and Vehicle Rally in February.
It is well known for its Vintage Tractor Pull.
An Autumn Festival is held in Ballan every year in late March.
There is a mineral spring at Ballan.
South of Ballan are the Brisbane Ranges National Park and the You Yangs Forest Park.
Ballan Online
George Stephenson (9 June 1781  12 August 1848) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer.
He built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives.
He is known as the "Father of Railways".
George was born in Wylam, which is in Northumberland.
Stephenson's rail gauge of 4 feet 8½ inches (1,435 mm), sometimes called the "Stephenson gauge", is the standard gauge for most of the world's railways.
He also invented a miner's safety lamp, which was widely used in the north of England.
British Rail Class D3/3 was a 0-6-0 shunting locomotive built by British Rail at their Derby Works in England.
It was similar to the British Rail Class 08, except they were built with different engines and traction motors.
They were all withdrawn and scrapped after only twelve years of service.
D3/3
British Rail Class D3/5 was a shunting locomotive built by British Rail at their Darlington Works in England.
It was a diesel powered locomotive in the pre-TOPS period and the class was numbered 13152–13166 (later renumbered D3152-D3166).
D3/5
Class D3/6 were diesel shunters built in 1935 by English Electric for the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
They were the first of a new design of diesel shunters based on the English Electric 6K of 350 hp diesel engine.
One demonstrator and ten production locomotives were built, numbered 7079 and 7069-7078 by the LMS.
Three of these later became British Rail numbers 12000–12002 (previously 7074/76/79 respectively).
The remainder were sold to the British War Department in 1940 and were shipped to France during World War II.
Of these the first production locomotive, no.
7069, survived the war and was used in industrial service in France.
It was later repatriated for preservation and is now based at the Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway.
London, Midland and Scottish Railway locomotives
D3/6
British Railways Class D3/7 were diesel shunters built from May 1939 through to July 1942 by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at their Derby Works.
Like the earlier British Rail Class D3/6, they had the English Electric 6K diesel engine of .
But a big change was having a "Jackshaft" type of connection between engine and wheels (like a diesel mechanical shunter).
These were given LMS numbers 7080–7119.
Ten were loaned to the War Department in 1941, and sold to the WD the following year.
All ten survived the war; six were then sold to Egyptian Railways and four to Italian State Railways (Ferrovie dello Stato—FS).
D3/7
British Rail Class D3/9 was a class of four locomotives built by the London and North Eastern Railway at their Doncaster Works in England.
J45
D3/9
British Rail Class D3/10 was a locomotive commissioned by the Great Western Railway in England, and later taken over by British Railways.
D3/10
British Rail Class D3/11 was a locomotive commissioned by the Great Western Railway, but delivered to its successor British Rail in England.
D3/11
British Rail class D3/12 was a class of three diesel electric shunting trains built by the Southern Railway in 1937.
They were numbered 1 to 3 in a separate list from the SR's steam-powered trains.
They were later renumbered by British Railways 15201–15203.
Later, twenty-six similar trains were built after nationalisation as British Rail Class 12.
D3/12
British Rail Class D3/14 was a diesel-electric locomotive built by the London and North Eastern Railway at its Doncaster Works.
It had a  Petter engine, and Brush Traction electricals.
It was absorbed by British Railways on nationalisation, but was withdrawn in the pre-TOPS era.
DES2
D3/14
British Railways Class D16/1 or 10000 and 10001 were the first mainline diesel locomotives in Great Britain.
They were built by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at its Derby Works, using the EE16SVT 1600 hp diesel engine with electric transmission, in association with English Electric and the Vulcan Foundry, with whom the LMS had had a long working relationship.
D16/1
British Railways 10100 was an unusual experimental diesel locomotive known informally as The Fell Diesel Locomotive (after Lt.
L.F.R. Fell, who was one of the designers).
It was the joint production of Davey Paxman & Co, Shell Refining & Marketing Co and Lt-Col L.F.R. Fell, built for them by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at Derby.
Sir Harry Ricardo was also involved.
By the time it emerged in 1950, nationalisation had taken place and it carried British Railways livery.
The locomotive had six diesel engines, four of them used for traction.
The auxiliary engines drove the pressure-chargers for the main engines and the purpose of this arrangement was to enable the main engines to deliver very high torque at low crankshaft speed.
10800
British Railways Class D16/2 was a class of prototype diesel locomotive built by BR at Ashford Works and introduced in  1950–1951, with a third example being introduced in 1954.
They had been designed by Oliver Bulleid for the Southern Railway before the 1948 nationalisation but did not appear until after nationalisation.
The diesel engine and transmission were supplied by the English Electric company but the Bulleid influence was obvious.
The box-like body style closely resembled Bulleid's electric locomotives and was quite different from the usual English Electric style, typified by British Rail Class D16/1.
D16/2
British Railways 10800 was a diesel locomotive built by the North British Locomotive Company for British Railways in 1950.
It had been ordered by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1946 but did not appear until after the 1948 nationalisation of the railways.
The British Railways Class D20/2 diesel-hydraulic locomotives were built by the North British Locomotive Company in Glasgow during 1957 and 1958.
Although never assigned a TOPS class as they were withdrawn before TOPS was introduced British Loco enthusiasts coined the term "Class 41".
All were named after Royal Navy vessels, hence the nameplates each bore a subtitle "Warship Class".
KVIrc is a multilanguage, graphical IRC client for Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS.
The K in K Visual IRC was for a dependancy to KDE, which became optional from version 2.0.0.
KVIrc is able to connect to several servers at the same time (optional with SSL and/or IPv6).
Unicode, ISO-8859-*-Codes, Asian and windows-native char sets are supported.
A special feature is the smart encoding, which allows you to use 2 encodings at the same time; you can send unicode and read unicode and cp-1252 for example.
Additional to the mIRC-Codes for bold, underlined and colored fonts, KVIrc owns a graphical emoticon and avatar system.
KVIrc has its own script language named KVS for extensions, addons and scripts.
With split window mode, users can divide their channel window into 2, one for chat messages and one for "commands" like joins/parts/mode changes.
The size of the windows is variable, so they can hide the command window.
The Socket spy feature helps developers and users to watch the raw communication between client and server to debug.
Official forum
Official Russian site
Official Download FTP
The steam locomotives of British Railways were used by British Railways over the period 1948-1968.
The majority of these were inherited from the Big Four British railway companies.
In the 1950s, new British Railways Standard steam locomotives were introduced.
1 series, former Great Western Railway steam locomotives
10,000 series, diesel locomotives and electric locomotives
30,000 series, former Southern Railway steam locomotives
40,000 and 50,000 series, former London, Midland and Scottish Railway steam locomotives
60,000 series, former London and North Eastern Railway steam locomotives
70,000 series, British Railways Standard steam locomotives
90,000 series, former War Department steam locomotives (originally in 70,000 series)
92,000 series, BR Standard Class 9F
TOPS Class 98 has been used to cover all steam locomotives used on the mainline in Britain, but also has a particular usage for the three Vale of Rheidol Railway-design 2-6-2T locomotives that remained in the ownership of British Rail after the end of mainline steam traction in August 1968.
The locomotives on the Vale of Rheidol Railway were the only steam locomotives ever officially to carry the British Rail corporate blue and the double arrow logo.
Gatwick Express is the name of a fast train service that runs on the Brighton Main Line, a railway line between Victoria station in London and the city of Brighton and Hove in South East England, stopping at Gatwick Airport on the way.
It is fast because it does not stop at any stations between London Victoria and Gatwick Airport.
A Gatwick Express train leaves London Victoria station every 15 minutes and takes 30 minutes to get to Gatwick Airport station.
After arriving at Gatwick Airport, at least every other train on weekdays and Saturdays continues non-stop to Brighton railway station.
At peak hours, every train continues to Brighton, but makes two stops between Gatwick and Brighton.
On Sundays, all trains end at Gatwick Airport; there are no trains to and from Brighton.
Before June 2008, Gatwick Express was a train operating company (TOC) and was a franchise owned by Southern, another TOC that has trains on other routes.
On 22 June 2008, the Gatwick Express TOC was closed.
Now the Gatwick Express is directly operated by Southern, but it is still called Gatwick Express.
The Gatwick Express service has used many types of trains over the years.
Most of them were designed just for the service.
Airport rail link
Railway operators in London
Freightliner Group Limited is a rail freight and logistics company, founded in 1995 and now operating in the United Kingdom and Poland.
It is the second largest rail freight operator in the UK, after EWS.
Railfreight Distribution was a subsector of British Rail responsible for non-trainload freight operations, as well as Freightliner and Intermodal services.
A number of different numbering and classification schemes were used for locomotives and multiple units operated by British Railways (BR), and this page explains the principal systems.
This section also covers the post-privatisation period, as the broad numbering and classification arrangements have not altered since the break-up of BR.
List of British Rail classes
Locomotives of the Great Western Railway
Locomotives of the Southern Railway
Locomotives of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Locomotives of the London and North Eastern Railway
British Rail TOPS first arrangement
British Rail Regional Multiple Unit Numbering
British Carriage and Wagon Numbering and Classification
Locomotive classification systems
Motor Rail was a British locomotive-building company, based in Bedford.
Formed in 1911 as The Motor Rail & Tramcar Co Ltd, they built petrol and diesel engined locomotives, mainly narrow gauge.
During World War I over 900 locos were supplied for use on temporary military supply railways.
The trade name Simplex was used from the early days; in 1972 the company was renamed Simplex Mechanical Handling Ltd.
Locomotive manufacturers
The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was the second-largest of the "Big Four" railway companies created by the Railways Act 1921 in Britain.
It existed from 1 January 1923 until nationalisation on 1 January 1948, when it was divided into the new British Railways' Eastern Region, North Eastern Region and partially the Scottish Region.
LNER Encyclopedia
1923 establishments in the United Kingdom
Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick, or Metrovicks, was a British heavy electrical engineering company of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as British Westinghouse.
Highly diversified, they were particularly well known for their industrial electrical equipment such as generators, steam turbines, switchgear, transformers, electronics and railway traction equipment.
Metrovick holds a place in history as the builders of the first commercial transistor computer, the Metrovick 950, and the first British axial-flow jet engine, the Metrovick F.2.
Their factory in Trafford Park, Manchester, was for most of the 20th century one of the biggest and most important heavy engineering facilities in Britain and the world.
Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
The British Rail Class 99 was a fleet of 14 ferries, mostly owned by Sealink, which carried rail vehicles between Britain and mainland Europe.
When British Rail implemented the TOPS system for managing their operating stock, these ships were incorporated into the system in order to circumvent some of the restrictions of the application software.
This allowed them to be counted as locomotives while carrying railway vehicles in the same way as a normal locomotive would haul a train.
English Electric (EE) was a British industrial manufacturer.
Founded in 1918, it initially specialised in industrial electric motors and transformers.
Its activities would expand to include railway locomotives and traction equipment, steam turbines, consumer electronics, guided missiles, aircraft and computers.
English Electric Diesel Engines
English Electric Diesel Engines was the diesel engine division of English Electric.
It built diesel engines under the names English Electric, Napier and Dorman.
The Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company (BRC&W) was a railway locomotive and carriage builder, founded in Birmingham, England.
For most of its existence, it was at nearby Smethwick, with the factory divided by the boundary between the two places.
The company was established in 1854.
Brush Traction is a manufacturer and maintainer of railway locomotives, based at Loughborough in Leicestershire, United Kingdom alongside the Midland Main Line.
The Yorkshire Engine Company (YEC) was a small independent locomotive manufacturer in Sheffield, England.
The company was formed in 1865 and continued to produce locomotives and carry out general engineering work until 1965.
Mainly known for shunting engines for the British market, but also built main line engines for overseas customers.
Ephesus (; ) was an ancient Greek city on the west coast of Anatolia, now in Turkey.
It was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League.
The Apostle Paul is said to have addressed an epistle to the Christians of the city.,
and it is now known as the Epistle to the Ephesians in the New Testament.
The site still possesses many well preserved Roman ruins side by side with rich history.
Two other of Ephesus's outstanding monuments hold importance not just for their home city also for world's cultural and architectural heritage.
The first one is the library of Celsus which is located at the end of the Curettes Street.
The library looks like a two storeyed building seen from the facade but as we know it former had three stories inside.
The facade shows a rare found craftsmanship.
Also the library was the third biggest library of the ancient world, after the libraries of Alexandria and Pergamon.
Anyone who stands in front of this monumental building can understand why did it take twenty years (115 AD to 135 AD) to complete it.
The second one is Ephesus' grand theatre which had the capacity of 25.000 spectators.
It was not just a place of art also as we know it was used for animal and gladiator fights.
With its great dimensions it makes one think about how small my moment in time really is.
It's one of the sacred ruins of Ephesus, according to the Acts of the Apostles (19:23-41), the theater was the site of the "riot of the silversmiths" in which those who made silver figures of Artemis the pagan godess of the city rioted because Paul's preaching was bad for business.
In the 1st century AD, the Apostle Paul spent over three years in Ephesus and he sermonized many times, disapproving pagan worship, in this theater.
All you need on Ephesus, Article shown above about Ephesus Ancient City in Turkey and general information.
In Serbian, Macedonian and Azeri this letter sounds like [y].
Since the letters Я (ya), Є (yeh), Ё (yo), Ї (yee) and Ю (yu) are not used in those languages, they are written as Ja, Je, Jo, Jи and Jy.
Craniata (sometimes Craniota) is a proposed clade of chordate animals that contains the vertebrates (subphylum Vertebrata) and Myxini (hagfish) as living representatives.
Craniata includes all animals with a skull, or cranium, as the name suggests.
These two taxa lack proper vertebrae, which are characteristic for vertebrates according to the new interpretation, whereas traditionally—and confusingly—they were not (Hickman et al.,
Ka (К, к) is the tenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet.
It sounds like [k].
Kappa (letter)
El (Л, л) is the eleventh letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.
It sounds like [l].
It comes from the Greek letter lambda and is the same as the Roman L. It looks like Pe, (П, п), another letter in the same alphabet but its left leg is curved.
Lambda (letter)
Cyrillic letters
The Kingdom of Tungning was the first Han Chinese government to rule Taiwan.
It ruled between 1661 and 1683.
It was a pro-Ming Dynasty kingdom.
It was started by Koxinga, after the destruction of Ming government by the Manchu.
Koxinga was son of a pirate who was a supporter of the Ming Dynasty.
He hoped to get his soldiers together on Taiwan and use it as a base to get back mainland China for the Ming Dynasty.
The Kingdom of Zheng (Cheng)
The Kingdom of Yanping.
The Koxinga dynasty.
Admiral Koxinga called Taiwan Tungtu/Dongdu.
In western history books it is known as the Kingdom of Taiwan,.
In 1661, Koxinga forced a landing at Luerhmen, Taiwan.
In less than a year, he took Fort Zeelandia and made an agreement  with Frederick Coyett, the Dutch governor.
The Dutch gave him the fort and left all the goods and property of the Dutch East India Company behind.
All the Dutch people, officials and soldiers were able take their personal things and supplies back to Batavia in safety.
This ended 38 years of Dutch colonial rule on Taiwan.
Koxinga kept himself busy making Taiwan into a useful base for anti-Qing Dynasty supporters who hoped to get the Ming Dynasty back to power.
In 1662, at the age of 39, Koxinga died of malaria.
Some people said that he died in a sudden fit of craziness when he heard about the death of his father under the Qing.
His son, Zheng Jing, took control as the ruler of Taiwan, with the name of Prince of Yanping.
For the next 19 years, Zheng Jing tried to run the country and rebuild his army in Taiwan.
Contact with the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty from the China through ambassadors was frequent.
Zheng Jing fought the Qing to defend Xiamen, Quemoy and the Pescadores islands, which he finally lost over the years.
His small army army was not big enough to defend the islands from the Qing.
During Revolt of the Three Feudatories, Zheng Jing started an attack in the Fujian area.
At the end of the revolt, Zheng's army was defeated.
After the defeat, Zheng went back to Taiwan where he spent his time with wine and women, dying soon after of illness.
After his death, his generals and ministers were split into two groups, each supporting one of his sons to take take over.
After some fighting, Zheng Keshuang, his 12 year old son, became the new king.
In 1683, after the Battle of Penghu, Zheng Keshuang gave himself up to the Qing.
His kingdom was added to the Qing Dynasty as part of the Fujian Province.
What the kingdom means today
The Kingdom of Tungning lasted for just over 20 years.
Because its history is almost the same as modern Taiwan, it has great symbolic value.
After its defeat in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the Republic of China (ROC), led by the Kuomintang, went to Taiwan.
They left mainland China to the Communist Party who started the People's Republic of China (PRC).
For many years, the ROC planned to take control of the mainland.
It kept island bases close to the mainland (for example, Quemoy).
This was the same as Koxinga and his sons had done.
The ROC has now become a democracy and no longer wants to take over the mainland.
The political and territorial arrangement has not changed.
In this way, it is the same as between the Qing/Koxinga situation and the current PRC/ROC situation.
The Kuomintang of the ROC have talked a lot about the goals of Koxinga.
They were going to use Taiwan as a base for returning their government to Mainland China.
They see themselves as the defenders of the ROC.
They see Taiwan as a base from which the ROC will take back control of the mainland.
The PRC talks about the fact that Koxinga freed Taiwan from Dutch colonialism for the sake of the motherland.
They do not talk about the fact that Koxinga was trying to get rid of the mainland government, to bring back an earlier dynasty.
Bredevoort is a small village in the municipality of Aalten, in the region of Achterhoek in the Netherlands.
It is between the towns of Aalten and Winterswijk.
About 1,600 people live there.
Today they name Bredevoort also Bredevoort boekenstad (Bredevoort book town).
There are now more than twenty second-hand book shops in the town.
The name Bredevoort appears for the first time in 1188, when the earl of Steinfurt tried to sell his share of the castle to the bishop of Münster and the earl of Lohn tried to sell his share to the earl of Gelderland, a war broke out between the bishop and the earl of Gelderland.
The fight lasted for almost two centuries.
From 1326, Bredevoort was actual part of Gelderland.
Between 1326 and 1696 the municipality of Bredevoort repeatedly changed ownership during the eighties years of war.
In 1646, lightning hit the gunpowder tower of the castle of Bredevoort, causing an explosion that destroyed the castle and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others.
Only one son, Anthonie, who was not home that day, survived.
The former municipality of Bredevoort was comprised of the city, the castle Bredevoort, and the villages Aalten, Dinxperlo and Winterswijk.
After centuries of war, its fortifications were demolished by its residents.
In 1818, the municipality of Bredevoort was dissolved to become part of the city Bredevoort under the newly formed municipality Aalten.
St. Joriskerk, Gothic Church with rococo chair from 1672
Windmillmolen 'De Prins van Oranje'
Historic centre
19th century theehouse at the town ditch
remains from the 17th century city gate
Official website of Bredevoort
Bredevoort booktown
windmill Prins van Oranje
Gondola festival in Bredevoort
Heerlijkheid Bredevoort, with historic items
Reconstructions old Bredevoort
Former municipalities of Gelderland
Plzeň (Czech/German: ) is the fourth largest city in the Czech Republic.
About 165,238 people live there.
It is in the west of the historical region Bohemia.
Famous beer is made there.
The Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine ( or ,  or ) was a territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after its victory in the Franco-Prussian War.
It was made up of almost all of the French region of Alsace and about a quarter of Lorraine, hence its name.
France took it back in 1918 and it became part of that country as a result of Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
Nazi Germany de facto took it back in 1940 but France took it back in 1945.
The territory has been part of France since then.
In 2016 it became part of the Region of Grand Est.
http://www.geocities.com/bfel/geschichte5b.html (Archived 2009-10-25)
http://www.elsass-lothringen.de/
https://web.archive.org/web/20090730200508/http://geocities.com/CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Alsace_Lorraine.html
France, Germany and the Struggle for the War-making Natural Resources of the Rhineland
Elsass-Lothringen video
Annuary of Cultur and Artists from Elsass-Lothringen
Isah Eliakwu (born 25 October 1985) is a Nigerian football player.
He plays for Varese.
|2004/05||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||0||0||1||0||1||0
|2004/05||Ascoli||Serie B||24||0||1||0||25||0
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Triestina||rowspan="2"|Serie B||16||8||0||0||16||8
|2006/07||35||3||5||3||40||6
|2007/08||Spezia||Serie B||29||7||0||0||29||7
|2008/09||Triestina||Serie B||5||0||2||1||7||1
|2009/10||Gallipoli||Serie B||4||0||||||4||0
|2009/10||Varese||LP Prima Divisione||||||||||||
Moniwa was born in Atsugi on September 8, 1981.
He joined J1 League club Bellmare Hiratsuka (later Shonan Bellmare) from youth team in 1999.
Although he played many matches as center back from first season, the club finished at the bottom place and was relegated to J2 League.
He became a regular player from summer 2001.
In 2002, he moved to J1 club FC Tokyo.
He played many matches as center back with Jean until 2006.
The club won the champions in 2004 J.League Cup which is first major title in the club history.
However his opportunity to play decreased for injuries from 2007 and he could only 9 matches in 2009 season.
In 2010, he moved to Cerezo Osaka.
He played many matches as regular center back until 2012.
However he lost his opportunity to play for injury from July.
In 2014, Moniwa moved to Thailand and signed with Bangkok Glass.
In 2015, Moniwa returned to Japan and re-joined Cerezo Osaka which was relegated to J2 from 2015 season.
Cerezo was at the 4th place in J2 for 2 years in a row and was promoted to J1 end of 2016 season.
In 2017, Cerezo finished at 3rd place in J1 League and won the champions in J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup.
However he could hardly play in the match in 2017 and he could not play at all in the match in 2018.
In 2019, Moniwa joined Japan Football League club Maruyasu Okazaki.
On October 8, 2003, Moniwa debuted for the Japan national team against Tunisia.
In 2006, he was selected Japan for 2006 World Cup instead Makoto Tanaka who was injured.
He played 9 games and scored 1 goals for Japan until 2006.
|1999||Bellmare Hiratsuka||J1 League||11||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|2000||rowspan="2"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="2"|J2 League||12||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|2001||29||0||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|2002||rowspan="8"|FC Tokyo||rowspan="8"|J1 League||19||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||21||0
|2003||27||0||1||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|2004||22||1||1||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|2005||32||0||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|2006||24||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||28||0
|2007||17||0||3||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|2008||22||0||2||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||31||0
|2009||9||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|2010||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="4"|J1 League||34||0||3||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||43||0
|2011||33||0||5||0||1||0||8||0||47||0
|2012||33||0||3||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||44||0
|2013||16||0||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|2014||Bangkok Glass||Premier League||32||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|2015||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J2 League||14||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||2
|2016||20||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|2017||rowspan="2"|J1 League||1||0||4||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|2018||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|2016||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka U-23||rowspan="2"|J3 League||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2017||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|2019||rowspan="3"|Maruyasu Okazaki||rowspan="3"|Football League||15||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|2020||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
Cerezo Osaka U-23 players
Hasegawa was educated at and played for Shimizu Higashi High School.
He won the national high school championship with his teammates including Katsumi Oenoki and Takumi Horiike.
He continued his study and football at University of Tsukuba where he won the Kanto University League title in 1987.
After graduating from the university in 1988, he joined Japan Soccer League side Nissan Motors.
He contributed to the club winning the Emperor's Cup twice in 1988 and 1989.
When Japan's first-ever professional league J1 League started, Shimizu S-Pulse was founded in his local city.
He joined the club in 1992 and re-united with his high school teammates Oenoki and Horiike.
He helped the club to win the J.League Cup in 1996.
He retired as a Shimizu player after the club won the second stage of the J1 League 1999 season.
He played 207 league matches and scored 45 league goals in 7 seasons at Shimizu.
Hasegawa was capped 27 times and scored 4 goals for the Japanese national team between 1989 and 1995.
His first international appearance came on January 20, 1989 in a friendly against Iran in Teheran.
He was a member of the Japan squad who participated in the 1994 World Cup qualification.
In the crucial last match, Hasegawa was substituted in the 59th minute by Masahiro Fukuda and watched from the bench a late Iraqi equaliser dashed Japan's hope to qualify for the finals in the US, the match that the Japanese fans now refer to as the "Agony of Doha" (ドーハの悲劇).
In 2005, Hasegawa became a manager for Shimizu S-Pulse.
The club won the 2nd place at 2005, 2010 Emperor's Cup and 2008 J.League Cup.
He resigned end of 2010 season.
In 2013, he signed with J2 League club Gamba Osaka which was relegated to J2 from 2013.
The club won the champions in 2013 and was relegated to J1 League.
In 2014, the club won all three major title in Japan; J1 League, J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup.
The club also won the champions 2015 Emperor's Cup.
In 2018, he moved to FC Tokyo.
In 2019, the club won the 2nd place in J1 League.
In 2020, the club won the champions Emperor's Cup.
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|Nissan Motors||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||18||4||||||5||0||23||4
|1989/90||11||5||||||3||0||14||5
|1990/91||4||0||||||4||0||8||0
|1992||rowspan="8"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="8"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||3||0||10||2||13||2
|1993||36||10||4||1||1||0||41||11
|1994||44||9||1||1||1||0||46||10
|1995||21||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||21||3
|1996||24||7||3||2||16||7||43||16
|1997||30||5||1||0||6||2||37||7
|1998||31||9||5||2||5||0||41||11
|1999||21||2||2||1||2||1||25||3
|1989||11||2
Total||27||4
|1993||rowspan="2"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||28||22||5||3||5||2||38||27
|1994||43||28||0||0||1||0||44||28
|1995||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||38||19||2||1||colspan="2"|-||40||20
|1996||Consadole Sapporo||Football League||5||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1
|1997||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||16||10||0||0||0||0||16||10
Okano was born in Yokohama on July 25, 1972.
After dropped out from Nihon University, he joined J1 League club Urawa Reds in 1994.
In 1990s, he played as forward in many matches from first season.
In 2001 season, his opportunity to play decreased and he moved to Vissel Kobe in September.
He played as midfielder from then.
He returned to Urawa Reds in 2004.
The club won the champions 2006 J1 League, 2005 and 2006 Emperor's Cup.
In Asia, the club won 2007 AFC Champions League.
In 2009, he moved to Hong Kong First Division League club TSW Pegasus FC.
In July 2009, he returned to Japan and joined Japan Football League club Gainare Tottori.
The club won the champions in 2010 and was promoted to J2 League.
He retired end of 2013 season.
In January 1995, Okano was selected by the Japan national team for the 1995 King Fahd Cup, but he did not play in the match.
On September 20, he debuted for the Japan national team against Paraguay.
In 1996, he played at the 1996 Asian Cup.
During 1998 World Cup qualification, in the final qualifier match for the 1998 World Cup against Iran, he scored the golden goal that took Japan to their first ever World Cup finals.
At the 1998 World Cup, he played 29 minutes as a substitute against Croatia.
He also played at the 1999 Copa América.
He played 25 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 1999.
|1994||rowspan="8"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="6"|J1 League||35||3||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||40||3
|1995||44||5||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||47||5
|1996||30||11||3||2||13||2||colspan="2"|-||46||15
|1997||23||4||2||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||25||5
|1998||34||7||2||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||36||8
|1999||11||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|2000||J2 League||26||6||4||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||32||7
|2001||J1 League||8||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|2001||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="3"|J1 League||11||3||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||3
|2002||24||1||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||30||1
|2003||23||0||2||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||31||1
|2004||rowspan="5"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="5"|J1 League||15||1||2||0||8||2||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|2005||20||1||4||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||31||1
|2006||8||0||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|2007||11||0||1||0||1||0||6||0||19||0
|2008||4||0||0||0||3||0||0||0||7||0
|2008/09||TSW Pegasus FC||First Division||9||1||4||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
|2009||rowspan="5"|Gainare Tottori||rowspan="2"|Football League||7||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||1
|2010||16||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|2011||rowspan="3"|J2 League||13||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|2012||20||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|2013||10||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||11||0
Total||25||2
Mohamed Al-Deayea (born 2 August 1972) is a Saudi Arabian football player.
He plays for Al-Hilal.
|1994||21||0
|1996||21||0
|1997||23||0
|1998||22||0
|2000||15||0
Total||181||0
Saudi Arabian footballers
Sawanobori was born in Fujinomiya on January 12, 1970.
After graduating from Tokai University, he joined new club Shimizu S-Pulse based in his local Shizuoka Prefecture in 1992.
He was selected "J.League Rookie of the Year" in 1993.
In 1996, the club won J.League Cup.
In 1999, the club won the 2nd place in J1 League and he was selected "Japanese Footballer of the Year awards".
In Asia, the club also won 1999–00 Asian Cup Winners' Cup.
In 2001, the club won Emperor's Cup.
He retired in 2005.
He played 381 games and scored 85 goals in the league.
In April 1993, Sawanobori was selected the Japan national team for 1994 World Cup qualification.
At this qualification, on April 8, he debuted against Thailand.
In 1994, he also played at 1994 Asian Games.
In September 1999, he played for Japan for the first time in 5 years.
In 2000, he played at 2000 Asian Cup qualification.
He played 16 games and scored 3 goals for Japan until 2000.
|1992||rowspan="14"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="14"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||3||0||10||1||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|1993||35||7||4||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||40||9
|1994||41||7||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||43||7
|1995||40||13||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||41||13
|1996||29||9||3||0||16||3||colspan="2"|-||48||12
|1997||31||11||3||1||6||0||colspan="2"|-||40||12
|1998||32||10||5||3||4||2||colspan="2"|-||41||15
|1999||28||9||3||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||35||10
|2000||27||3||5||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||36||4
|2001||26||9||5||2||2||1||colspan="2"|-||33||12
|2002||29||3||3||2||7||3||colspan="2"|-||39||8
|2003||14||2||4||0||2||0||1||1||21||3
|2004||24||1||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||30||1
|2005||25||1||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||31||1
Christian Obodo (born 11 May 1984) is a Nigerian football player.
He plays for Udinese.
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Perugia||rowspan="3"|Serie A||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|2002/03||30||1||5||0||0||0||35||1
|2003/04||31||0||5||1||10||0||46||1
|2004/05||Fiorentina||Serie A||33||2||6||0||colspan="2"|-||39||2
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Udinese||rowspan="5"|Serie A||28||1||1||1||12||0||41||2
|2006/07||30||5||3||1||colspan="2"|-||33||6
|2007/08||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|2008/09||18||0||0||0||8||1||26||1
Total||21||4
Willem Einthoven (May 21, 1860 - September 29, 1927) was an Dutch doctor.
He won the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for inventing the electrocardiogram.
Dutch Nobel Prize winners
Dutch physicians
Stephen Makinwa (born 26 July 1983) is a Nigerian football player.
|2000/01||Conegliano||||8||2
|2001/02||Como||Serie B||0||0
|2002/03||Reggiana||Serie C1||28||6
|2003/04||Como||Serie B||21||6
|2003/04||Modena||Serie A||16||1
|2004/05||Genoa||Serie B||18||6
|2004/05||Atalanta||Serie A||17||6
|2005/06||Città di Palermo||Serie A||23||5
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Lazio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||25||3
|2007/08||Reggina||Serie A||9||0
|2008/09||Lazio||Serie A||4||0
|2008/09||ChievoVerona||Serie A||9||1
|2009/10||Lazio||Serie A||||
|2004||1||1
Obafemi Martins (born 28 October 1984) is a Nigerian football player.
He plays for Seattle Sounders FC and Nigeria national team.
Sho Naruoka (born 31 May 1984) is a Japanese football player.
He plays for Júbilo Iwata.
|2003||rowspan="8"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="8"|J. League 1||12||0||4||2||5||1||colspan="2"|-||21||3
|2004||20||1||1||0||6||1||5||2||32||4
|2005||18||2||3||1||1||0||3||0||25||3
|2006||16||3||0||0||8||1||colspan="2"|-||24||4
|2007||30||8||1||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||35||9
|2008||15||2||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|2009||19||3||3||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||26||3
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the London and North Eastern Railway both developed a system of identifying carriages by means of alphabetic codes.
When British Railways was formed in 1948, it decided to adopt the former LNER method of carriage classification.
The codes are made up from a combination of letters, some of which can indicate more than one word; their meaning can only be determined according to their position, or the presence of other letters, in the code.
The letters used are:
These letters (except for Y and Z) did not usually apply to the wide variety of passenger-rated but goods carrying vans (e.g. parcels vans, horse boxes, milk and fish vans).
Their codes were an acronym of their traditional railway description, e.g. GUV for General Utility Vans.
List of codes used
The following list lists those codes that were actually used on British Railways, cross-referred to the comparable code used by the LMS, with the exception that the letter S ("Second", later "Standard") is used where until 1956 the letter T ("Third") is used.
Suffix codes Y or Z are not shown, as these could apply to variants of any or all vehicle types.
In the original LNER coding system, S stood for "Second", an intermediate class between First and Third (which later became Second).
The original Second was more or less abolished in the 1870s (as a result of the Railway Regulation Act 1844), remaining only in limited use for special services, such as those meeting ships (which retained the three-class system from which railway classifications had originated).
In the 1980s, BR renamed Second to Standard.
Many of the classifications listed below are no longer used, and some did not survive until the designation "Standard".
Note that in modern usage, composite semi-open vehicles are classified Cso – the s signifying that the Standard portion is open (implying that the First portion is compartments with corridor).
See also: British Carriage and Wagon Numbering and Classification
Kikuhara was born in Kanagawa Prefecture on July 7, 1969.
He joined Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki) from youth team in 1985.
In February 1986, when he was 16 years old, he debuted in Japan Soccer League.
The club won league champions 3 times, JSL Cup 2 times and Emperor's Cup 2 times.
The club won 1993 J1 League, 1992 and 1993 J.League Cup.
However his opportunity to play decreased.
So he moved to Urawa Reds in 1994.
He returned to Verdy Kawasaki in 1996 and retired end of the season.
On July 29, 1990, Kikuhara debuted for the Japan national team against China.
He played 5 games for Japan in 1990.
|1985/86||rowspan=7|Yomiuri||rowspan=7|JSL Division 1||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|1986/87||0||0||1||0||1||0||2||0
|1987/88||8||3||1||0||0||0||9||3
|1988/89||18||3||2||0||3||1||23||4
|1989/90||21||3||4||1||4||1||29||5
|1990/91||19||3||2||0||2||0||23||3
|1991/92||16||1||2||0||4||0||22||1
|1992||rowspan=2|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan=2|J1 League||colspan=2|-||2||0||8||1||10||1
|1993||6||0||2||0||6||0||14||0
|1994||rowspan=2|Urawa Reds||rowspan=2|J1 League||8||0||3||0||0||0||11||0
|1995||1||0||0||0||colspan=2|-||1||0
|1996||Verdy Kawasaki||J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
Cha Bum-Kun (; born 22 May 1953) is a South Korean professional athlete.
|1978/79||Darmstadt||Bundesliga||1||0
|1979/80||rowspan="4"|Eintracht Frankfurt||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||31||12
|1980/81||27||8
|1981/82||31||11
|1982/83||33||15
|1983/84||rowspan="6"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="6"|Bundesliga||34||12
|1985/86||34||17
|1986/87||33||6
|1987/88||25||4
|1988/89||30||3
|1972||21||7
|1973||17||7
|1974||13||2
|1975||15||9
|1976||14||11
|1977||24||14
|1978||14||5
Total||121||55
"Bum-Kun Cha, Century of International Appearances" at Rec.
Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF)
Parry People Movers (PPM) is a British company manufacturing lightweight railbuses that use Flywheel energy storage (FES) to store energy for traction.
The Southern Railway created classification and numbering systems for its large fleet of electric multiple units that were perpetuated by the Southern Region of British Rail until the early 1980s, when the impact of TOPS was felt.
Even now, some stock have still been allocated Southern-style classifications in a semi-official manner.
Virgin Trains was a train operating company in the United Kingdom.
They ran trains from London Euston to the North West, West Midlands and Scotland on the West Coast Main Line and trains on the East Coast Main Coast Mainline between London, Yorkshire, the North East and Scotland.
Before 11 November 2007, they also run trains linking the south and south-west of England with the north of England through Manchester and Scotland, through Birmingham, under the CrossCountry franchise.
Although it is branded as part of Virgin Group, Virgin's share in the company is only 51%, with the remaining 49% owned by Stagecoach.
Virgin's share in Virgin Trains East Coast is only 10% with 90% being owned by Stagecoach, although the company is also branded under the Virgin name.
The East Coast franchise was transferred to London North Eastern Railway in 2019, and the West Coast franchise to Avanti West Coast.
New trains
Their first trains, formerly owned by British Rail, were very old and broke down, but were replaced by new carriages in 2002 on the West Coast and CrossCountry lines.
New trains were built for their East Coast operations.
Department for Transport
CrossCountry is a train operating company, the brand name of XC Trains Limited owned by Arriva, that has operated Great Britain’s Cross Country rail franchise since 11 November 2007.
The franchise was formed through the amalgamation of most of the former Cross Country franchise previously held by Virgin Trains (which consisted of inter-city services that do not terminate in London) with some of the longer-distance routes (including some former Central Citylink services) operated by the former Central Trains.
2007 establishments in the United Kingdom
East Midlands Trains (EMT) was a train operating company in the United Kingdom.
It was based in Derby and provided train services in the East Midlands and surrounding areas, mainly in the counties of South Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Derbyshire, Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire.
East Midlands Trains started running the East Midlands franchise in November 2007.
It took over the train operating companies Midland Mainline, which operated inter-city services from London to Yorkshire, and the eastern side of Central Trains.
In 2019, the East Midlands franchise was given to a new company, East Midlands Railway, owned by Abellio.
The new company took over operations in August 2019.
2007 establishments in England
First Great Western, is a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup, which has services in the west and south west of England and South Wales.
It also runs the Night Riviera overnight train between London and Penzance.
Near the end of January 2010, First Great Western said that  an £8,000,000 refresh programme to their fleet of Class 166 Turbo DMU trains would happen.
In February 2021, GWR announced to purchase Class 319 “FLEX” units to replace the 158, 387, 165 and 166.
The company began operating on 4 February 1996 as Great Western Trains, as part of the privatisation of British Rail, and in December 1998 became First Great Western after FirstGroup bought the company.
On 1 April 2006, First Great Western Link and Wessex Trains were combined into First Great Western.