the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Although the strike continued until February 2008, the show returned to air on January 7, 2008, without its staff of writers.
In solidarity with the writers, the show was referred to as A Daily Show with Jon Stewart rather than The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, until the end of the strike.
As a member of the Writers Guild of America, Stewart was barred from writing any material for the show himself which he or his writers would ordinarily write.
As a result, Stewart and the correspondents largely ad-libbed the show around planned topics.
In an effort to fill time while keeping to the strike-related restrictions, the show aired or re-aired some previously recorded segments, and Stewart engaged in a briefly recurring mock feud with fellow late-night hosts Stephen Colbert and Conan O'Brien.
The strike officially ended on February 12, 2008, with the show's writers returning to work the following day, at which point the title of The Daily Show was restored.
Stewart's absence in 2013
Starting in June 2013, Jon Stewart took a twelve-week break to direct Rosewater, a drama about a journalist jailed by Iran for four months.
Show writer John Oliver replaced Stewart at the anchor desk for two months, to be followed by one month of reruns.
Oliver received positive reviews for his hosting, leading to his departure from the show in December 2013 for his own show Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, which debuted April 27, 2014, on HBO.
Jon Stewart's departure
On February 10, 2015, Stewart announced that he would be leaving the show later in the year.
Comedy Central indicated in a statement that The Daily Show would continue without Stewart, saying it would "endure for years to come".
On June 25, 2015, Comedy Central announced that to lead up to Stewart's final episode, it would hold "Your Month of Zen"—an online marathon streaming every episode of Stewart's tenure from June 26 to August 6, 2015.
On August 5, 2015, Stewart's longtime friend of 30 years comedian Louis C.K. was selected to be the last guest before the final Daily Show episode with Stewart helming the show.
C.K. joked that he was there "representing comedy to say good job".
On August 6, 2015, Stewart's final episode aired as an hour-long special in three segments.
The first featured a reunion of a majority of the correspondents and contributors from throughout the show's history as well as a pre-recorded "anti-tribute" (mocking Stewart) from various frequent guests and "friends" of the show.
This included Bill O'Reilly, Hillary Clinton, John McCain, Lindsey Graham, Chris Christie, John Kerry, and Chuck Schumer.
The second segment featured a pre-recorded tour of the Daily Show production facility and studio introducing all of the show's staff and crew.
The final segment featured a short farewell speech from Stewart followed by the final "Moment of Zen" (being 'his own' moment of zen): a performance of "Land of Hope and Dreams" and "Born to Run" by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band.
Trevor Noah's tenure (2015–present)
On March 30, 2015, it was announced that Trevor Noah would replace Stewart as host of The Daily Show.
Shortly after his announcement, it was revealed that Amy Schumer, Louis C.K., Amy Poehler, and Chris Rock were all considered for the job.
His first show was on September 28, 2015, with comedian Kevin Hart as his first guest.
Noah's premiere episode was simulcast by Viacom on Comedy Central, the Nick at Nite block on Nickelodeon, Spike, MTV, MTV2, mtvU, VH1, VH1 Classic, BET, Centric, CMT, TV Land and Logo TV.
On September 14, 2017, it was announced that Comedy Central had extended Trevor Noah's contract as host of The Daily Show for five years, through 2022.
Ratings declined by about 37 percent at the start of Noah's tenure, and have gradually increased since then, only to once again fall down to the lowest ratings in 15 years in 2020.
Differences between Stewart's version and Noah's version
In addition to changes in the tone of the show,[clarification needed] Noah has also implemented stylistic changes to the show, with an updated set, new graphics and his monologue sometimes taking place while standing in front of a screen as opposed to sitting at the desk.
Trevor also increased the usage of more millennial-based references, impersonations and characterizations for his comedy on the show, due to his younger demographic and his ability to speak in multiple accents and eight languages.
The debut of The Daily Show with Trevor Noah brought along three new correspondents: Roy Wood Jr., Desi Lydic and Ronny Chieng.
Additional correspondents were added in 2017.
Michael Kosta became the Senior Constitutional Correspondent and Senior American Correspondent on July 11, 2017.
Dulcé Sloan became the Senior Fashion Correspondent on September 7, 2017.
In January 2016, The Daily Show with Trevor Noah started to use a modified version of the show's previous theme, remixed by Timbaland and King Logan.
Noah also avoided talking too much about Fox News, as Stewart was previously known for. "
The Daily Show was based on an emerging 24 hour news cycle, that’s everything it was, that’s what inspired The Daily Show.
Now you look at news and it’s changed.
It’s no longer predicated around 24 hour news.
There are so many different choices.
Half of it is online now.
Now you’ve got the Gawkers, the Buzzfeeds.
The way people are drawing their news is soundbites and headlines and click-bait links has changed everything.
The biggest challenge is going to be an exciting one I'm sure is how are we going to bring all of that together looking at it from a bigger lens as opposed to just going after one source—which was historically Fox News," Noah said at a press conference before the show's debut.
Stewart visits The Daily Show with Trevor Noah; Jordan Klepper guest hosts
On December 8, 2015, former host Jon Stewart returned to The Daily Show for the first time in an extended-length show to return attention to extending the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act, otherwise referred to as 9/11 First Responders Bill, which Stewart explained had been blocked by Paul Ryan and Mitch McConnell for political reasons.
On October 20, 2016, Noah was unable to host a scheduled taping of The Daily Show due to illness, so correspondent Jordan Klepper guest hosted.
On November 16, 2017, Stewart once again returned to The Daily Show, in part as a parody of the robocalls of fake Washington Post reporter "Bernie Bernstein" and to promote Night of Too Many Stars on HBO.
The Daily Social Distancing Show
During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, it was initially announced that starting March 16, 2020, the show would do away with the live audience, like all other live shows were starting to do.
However, that day, Noah posted a short video explaining that they would not do that because of social distancing.
On March 18, 2020, Noah did a modified version of The Daily Show from his own home for Comedy Central's website and The Daily Shows YouTube channel called The Daily Social Distancing Show with Trevor Noah.
On March 21, 2020, it was announced that this format would be moving to linear television beginning March 23, 2020.
The Daily Show won the 2020 Webby Award for Humor in the category Social.
On June 15, 2021, it was announced that The Daily Social Distancing Show would go on a three-month hiatus beginning after the episode airing on June 17.
According to a press release, it will resume on September 13 with a "brand-new look", but gave no other information beyond that, or any indication if the show would be returning to the studio.
Expansion to 45-minute format
Following the cancellation of Lights Out with David Spade, The Daily Show expanded into a 45-minute format beginning April 27, 2020.
In July 2020, Comedy Central head Chris McCarthy told Vulture that there were plans to possibly extend the show to an hour-long format by the end of the year.
Correspondents, contributors and staff
Main articles: List of The Daily Show correspondents and List of The Daily Show writers
The show's correspondents have two principal roles: experts with satirical senior titles that Noah interviews about certain issues, or hosts of field reporting segments which often involve humorous commentary and interviews relating to a current issue.
The current team of correspondents collectively known as "The World's Fakest News Team" (formerly known as "The Best F#@king News Team Ever") includes Ronny Chieng, Michael Kosta, Desi Lydic, Dulcé Sloan, Roy Wood Jr. and Jaboukie Young-White.
Contributors appear on a less frequent basis, often with their own unique recurring segment or topic.
Current contributors are Lewis Black, Neal Brennan, and Gina Yashere.
Ben Karlin says that the on-air talent contribute in many ways to the material they perform, playing an integral role in the creation of their field pieces as well as being involved with their scripted studio segments, either taking part early on in the writing process or adding improvised material during the rehearsal.
The show has featured a number of well-known comedians throughout its run and is notable for boosting the careers of several of these.
Scott Dikkers, editor-in-chief of The Onion, describes it as a key launching pad for comedic talent, saying that "I don't know if there's a better show you could put on your resume right now."
Steve Carell, who was a correspondent between 1999 and 2005 before moving on to a movie career and starring television role in The Office, credits Stewart and The Daily Show with his success.
In 2005, the show's longest-serving correspondent, Stephen Colbert, became the host of the spin-off The Colbert Report, earning critical and popular acclaim.
Colbert would host the program until he was chosen to replace David Letterman as host of CBS's Late Show in 2015.
Ed Helms, a former correspondent from 2002 to 2006, also starred on NBC's The Office and was a main character in the 2009 hit The Hangover.
After filling in as host during Stewart's two-month absence in the summer of 2013, John Oliver went on to host his own show on HBO, Last Week Tonight with John Oliver.
In 2016, former correspondent Samantha Bee launched her own late-night talk show Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.
Bee's husband Jason Jones, also a former correspondent, serves as executive producer for the show.
Hasan Minhaj, the last correspondent hired during Stewart's tenure as host, left the show in 2018 to host Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj on Netflix.
In June 2010, actress-comedian Olivia Munn began a tryout period on the show as a correspondent.
Her credentials were questioned by Irin Carmon of the website Jezebel, who suggested that Munn was better known as a sex symbol than as a comedian.
Carmon's column was denounced by Munn and the Daily Show's female writers, producers, and correspondents, 32 of whom posted a rebuttal on the show's website in which they asserted that the description of the Daily Show office given by the Jezebel piece was not accurate.
Munn appeared as a Daily Show correspondent in a total of 16 episodes, from June 2010 to September 2011.
Wyatt Cenac had a tumultuous tenure on the show, revealing in a July 2015 interview on WTF with Marc Maron, that his departure stemmed in part from a heated argument he had with Jon Stewart in June 2011 over a bit about Republican presidential candidate Herman Cain.
However, Cenac did return for Stewart's final episode to bid him farewell and the two exchanged an intentionally awkward conversation.
Guest hosts
Samantha Bee and Jason Jones, 1 episode (October 7, 2014)
Steve Carell, 7 episodes (February 21, 2001, Mar. 27–29, 2001, Apr 2 & 4, 2001, and May 1, 2001)
Stephen Colbert, 11 episodes (January 24, 2001, Feb 20 & 22, 2001, Mar. 26–27, 2001, Apr 3 & 5, 2001, May 2–3, 2001, March 6, 2003, and July 6, 2004)
Rob Corddry, 1 episode (February 9, 2006)
Vance DeGeneres, 2 episodes (Feb. 26–27, 2001)
Jordan Klepper, 1 episode (October 20, 2016)
John Oliver, 33 episodes (June 10, 2013, to August 15, 2013, and November 13, 2014)
Mo Rocca, 1 episode (February 27, 2001)
Nancy Walls, 2 episodes (February 21, 2001, and March 29, 2001)
Richard Neville Dobson known professionally as Ritchie Neville (born 23 August, 1979, in Solihull, Birmingham, England) is an English singer.
He is best known for being a member of UK boy band Five.
Neville attended the private Bromsgrove School in Worcestershire and was taught by Mike Perry.
People from Solihull
Five  were a British boy band formed in 1997 by the same team that formed the Spice Girls, Bob Herbert and his son Chris.
Signed by Simon Cowell, they enjoyed success worldwide, but particularly in the UK, parts of Europe, Russia, parts of Asia, Brazil, Israel, Australia, New Zealand and USA.
They broke up on 27 September 2001, after selling almost 20 million records, and having 11 top ten singles and 4 top ten albums in the UK.
The five members were Scott Robinson, Ritchie Neville, Jason 'J' Brown, Richard 'Abs' Breen and Sean Conlon.
Four of the five original members briefly reformed the group on September 27, 2006, but only 7 months after announcing a comeback, Five made an announcement by their official website they would again disband.
They reformed in 2012.
Secret Diary of a Call Girl (also known as Secret Diary) is a British television drama broadcast on ITV2 starring Billie Piper as "Belle", a high-class London-based call girl.
The story is based on the blogs of Belle de Jour.
The first 8 part series began on 27 September 2007 at 10pm.
The second 8 part series began on 11 September 2008 at 10pm.
2007 British television series debuts
ITV2 is a free television channel in the United Kingdom owned by ITV Digital Channels Ltd, a part of ITV plc.
It started on 7 December 1998.
For a long time, it was the most popular channel other than the main five analogue channels.
Now, ITV3 is the most popular other than these.
The channel shows many American programmes such as Family Guy, American Dad!,
and The Vampire Diaries.
It also has its own programmes that have been popular, such as Celebrity Juice and Love Island.
List of television programmes broadcast on ITV2
Current programmes
Celebrity Juice
Supermarket Sweep
Belle de Jour is the pen name of a former London call girl, Brooke Magnanti (born 5 November 1975).
Under this name she maintains a successful blog, Belle de Jour: Diary of a London Call Girl which by 2003 had been selected by The Guardian as its blog of the year and has had two books published in both the UK and US.
Magnanti was born and raised in Clearwater, Florida.
Her father is Italian American; her mother is Jewish American.
Magnanti became a British citizen in 2013.
She is married and lives in Lochaber in the Scottish Highlands.
She is a former prostitute.
The name recalls the 1928 novel Belle de Jour by Joseph Kessel and the 1967 movie, Belle de Jour, starring Catherine Deneuve, directed by Luis Buñuel.
In the 18th century, the cloth mill Offermann was a brass factory in the German city of Stolberg.
It was later changed to cloth mill and then to a restaurant and apartment building.
The changes show the change of economical needs in that city.
The building was founded as a brass factory.
In the 18th century, it was one of many brass factories in the city.
At the end of the 18th century, the brass industry in Stolberg lost importance.
The building was sold to a clothier of the nearby village of Imgenbroich.
He produced cloth for more than 60 years.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the building was used as a restaurant.
Some parts of the building were greatly in need of repair.
At the end of the 20th century, major repairs were done to the building.
Currently, it is used as an apartment building.
Factory Bauschenberg
Historians are fascinated by the cloth mill Offermann
St. Anger is the 8th studio album by American thrash metal band Metallica.
It was released on June 5, 2003.
It was their last album released by Elektra Records.
In 2004, the album's lead single, "St. Anger", won a Grammy Award for "Best Metal Performance".
A lot of people did not like the style of this album and the way the drums sounded.
It also has a free DVD that has the band playing the entire album in a studio.
Frantic.
Dirty Window
Shoot Me Again
Sweet Amber
All Within My Hands
is the first studio album by American thrash metal band Megadeth.
The album was released on June 12, 1985.
It was released through Combat Records.
Early in 1985, the band was given $8,000 by Combat Records to record and produce the band's first album.
The money proved not to be enough and the band was given $4,000 more.
Most of the budget was spent on drugs, alcohol, and food, which forced the group to fire their original producer and produce the record by themselves.
Megadeth albums
The Daleks are a made-up alien race of mutants from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
Daleks are aliens from the planet Skaro, integrated within a tank-like metal casing.
The creatures are a powerful race who always wanted universal conquest and control, they have no pity, feelings or guilt (as all of their emotions were removed except hate).
The Daleks are one of the most powerful races ever in Doctor Who history and are the Doctor's worst enemies.
They cry "EX-TER-MIN-ATE!"
when they are about to kill someone.
They come in different colours, like bronze, black, red, white, gold, and silver.
They first appeared in the first season episode of the series (in "The Daleks") and they were last seen in the Series 7 episode "Asylum of the Daleks" (2012).
They are not robots, but horrible aliens kept in a metal casing, because they became mutated during a war on their planet, Skaro.
They were created by an evil scientist named Davros.
They can not be easily hurt by guns as their casing reflects the bullets that come from the gun and a shield melts bullets shot at them.
Daleks were created by writer Terry Nation and designed by BBC designer Raymond Cusick.
They were introduced in December 1963 in the second Doctor Who serial.
From their first appearance they became very popular with viewers.
They appeared in many later serials and two 1960s motion pictures.
The word "Dalek" has been put into the Oxford English Dictionary and other major dictionaries; the Collins Dictionary defines it rather broadly as "any of a set of fictional robot-like creations that are aggressive, mobile, and produce rasping staccato speech".
Although there is no meaning to their name, "Dalek" sounds like the Norwegian word "dårlig", which means "bad" or "evil".
It is also a trademark, having first been registered by the BBC in 1964 to protect its range of Dalek merchandise.
On the outside, Daleks resemble human-sized salt and pepper shakers who are five to six feet (152 to 183 cm) tall.
On the top, they have a rotating dome with a telescope for seeing.
They have two arms.
One arm has an energy weapon (or "death ray"), which looks like an long egg beater or the framework of a paint roller.
In some episodes, this could also fire a gas or projectiles.
Their other arm is a telescope with a plunger on the end, which they use as a hand.
The actual Dalek creature inside the metal casing is very rarely seen.
It looks like an octopus or a squid.
Later versions of the prop had more efficient wheels (from shopping carts, according to a Blue Peter episode) and were simply moved by the seated operators' feet, but they remained so heavy that when going up ramps they often had to be pushed by stagehands out of where the camera could not see.
The difficulty of operating all the prop's parts at once contributed to the occasionally jerky movements of the Dalek.
The latest model of the costume still has a human operator within, but the movement of the dome and eyestalk are now remotely controlled so that the operator can concentrate on the smooth movement of the Dalek and its arms.
Fictional history
The Daleks have appeared on the show many times and their design has seen many changes.
This means that it can be difficult to make sure that the storylines line up.
When the Daleks first appeared in The Daleks, they were presented as the descendants of the Dals, mutated after a brief nuclear war between the Dal and Thal races.
However, in 1975, Terry Nation revised the Daleks' origins in Genesis of the Daleks, where the Dals were now called Kaleds (of which Daleks is an anagram), and the Dalek design was attributed to one man, the crippled Kaled chief scientist Davros.
Instead of a short nuclear exchange, the Kaled-Thal war was portrayed as a thousand-year-long war, fought with nuclear and other weapons causing widespread mutations among the Kaled race.
Davros experimented on living Kaled cells to find the ultimate mutated form of the Kaled species and placed the subjects in "travel machines" whose design was based on his own life-support chair.
Genesis of the Daleks marked a new era for the depiction of the species, with most of their previous history either forgotten or barely talked about again.
A single Dalek appeared in "Dalek", written by Robert Shearman, which was broadcast on BBC One on 30 April 2005.
This Dalek appeared to be the sole Dalek survivor of the last Time War that had destroyed both the Daleks and the Time Lords.
The Doctor had guessed that this Dalek had "fallen" out of the time war.
The Dalek Emperor returned at the end of the 2005 series, having rebuilt the Dalek race with human subjects; it saw itself as a god, and the new Daleks were shown worshipping it.
This terrified the Doctor as "Daleks have no concept of blasphemy."
These Daleks and their fleet were erased from time itself in "The Parting of the Ways".
The 2006 series finale "Army of Ghosts"/"Doomsday" saw another squad of Dalek survivors from the old Empire, known as the Cult of Skaro, led by a black Dalek named "Dalek Sec", that had survived the Time War by escaping into the Void between dimensions.
They emerged, along with a Time Lord prison containing millions of Daleks, at Canary Wharf due to the actions of the Torchwood Institute and Cybermen from a parallel world, leading to a Cyberman-Dalek clash in London.
Eventually, the Tenth Doctor caused both factions to be sucked back into the Void.
However, the Cult members (Sec, Caan, Jast, and Thay; it is unusual for a Dalek to have a name) survived by "temporal shifting" away.
The two-part story "Daleks in Manhattan"/"Evolution of the Daleks" revealed they had escaped to 1930 New York, setting up base in the Empire State Building, which was being built at the time.
Experiments led by Sec attepted to force a Dalek evolution by combining their DNA with that of humans, and he is the first of the new "Human-Daleks".
However the three remaining Daleks rebelled and destroyed him because he was not a pure dalek.
The Cult also attempted to create a Human/Dalek hybrid (fully human in appearance but with Dalek minds).
This attempt failed after the Doctor interfered.
Caan escaped via another temporal shift.
The Daleks returned in the 2008 series' two-part finale, "The Stolen Earth"/"Journey's End", accompanied once again by their creator Davros (now played by Julian Bleach).
It is revealved that Dalek Caan had forced himself back into the Time War, even though it was "time-locked" or prevented from entering by any means (the effort rendered him insane), where he rescued Davros; Davros then created a new army of Daleks from his own flesh.
The new Dalek army was led by a Supreme Dalek, who kept Davros imprisoned in a "Vault"; Davros said that he and the Supreme Dalek had reached "an arrangement".
Davros and the Daleks planned to destroy all creation with a 'reality bomb', which failed due to the interference of the Doctor and his companions, and due to Caan himself who had been manipulating the events unknown to either side.
Though the Daleks were destroyed, the fate of Davros and Dalek Caan is unknown.
3 Daleks from this episode came back in Series 5 (Victory of the Daleks).
They created 5 new, different colored daleks.
These new Daleks escaped into space.
Later, they showed up in "The Pandorica Opens" and trapped the Doctor in the Pandorica, the ultimate prison.
After they were erased from time by the cracks, a stone Dalek showed up, which was an echo of the Dalek race.
It was brought alive by the Pandorica light, which could restore thing which had been erased by the cracks.
It was later shot in the eye by River Song.
Their race, along with the rest of the universe, was brought back by the Doctor.
Daleks at the Tardis Index File
How the Daleks were built  - BBC Wales interview with engineer Bill Roberts
Charity Dalek - A Dalek used for raising funds for charity.
Rust in Peace is the fourth album by American thrash metal band, Megadeth.
It was released on September 24, 1990.
It has been called one of the best thrash metal records of all time by publications such as Decibel and Kerrang!.
Fable II is a fantasy role-playing videogame released for Microsoft's Xbox 360 console in 2008.
It is the sequel to the original Xbox game, Fable.
In Fable II you begin as a poor orphan child who has a sister.
You are invited into the King's palace where he kills your sister.
The rest of the game you go through various quests where your ultimate goal is to gain revenge on the King.
Aveyron () is a French department found in the northeast of the Occitanie region of southern France and named after the Aveyron river.
Its prefecture is Rodez.
Aveyron is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790.
It was created with most of the territory of the old province of Rouergue; in fact, the present flag of the department was the flag of Rouergue.
In 1808, the old canton of Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val was transferred from Aveyron to the new department of Tarn-et-Garonne.
Aveyron is in the southern half of the central plateau (Massif Central) of France.
The mountainous areas (the Aubrac mountains, Palanges Levezou and Lacaune) cover little more than a third of the territory, with the highest point in Signal de Mailhe-Biau (the northwest peak, ) that is  high and is in the region called Cazalets; the remaining two thirds are occupied by hills and plateaus (Ségala, Viadène, Lagast and Grands Causses), with a few valleys.
The territory is crossed, among others, by the rivers Lot and Tarn, both tributaries of the Garonne river.
The Aveyron river, which gives its name to the department, is a tributary of the Tarn river.
The main rivers of Aveyron are the Lot in the north, the Aveyron in the centre and the Tarn in the south, all tributaries of the Garonne.
They flow from east to west, following the general slope of the department, and divide it into four zones.
The average temperature for the year in Millau is .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Millau is .
The month with the most precipitation on average is September with  of precipitation.
Aveyron is part of the region of Occitanie.
The department is managed by the Departamental Council of the Aveyron in Rodez.
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 23 cantons and 286 communes (municipalities) in Aveyron.
Aubrac et Carladez (1201)
Aveyron et Tarn (1202)
Causse-Comtal (1203)
Causses-Rougiers (1204)
Ceor-Ségala (1205)
Enne et Alzou (1206)
Lot et Dourdou (1207)
Lot et Montbazinois (1208)
Lot et Palanges (1209)
Lot et Truyère (1210)
Millau-1 (1211)
Millau-2 (1212)
Monts du Réquistanais (1213)
Nord-Lévezou (1214)
Raspes et Lévezou (1215)
Rodez-1 (1216)
Rodez-2 (1217)
Rodez-Onet (1218)
Saint-Affrique (1219)
Tarn et Causses (1220)
Vallon (1221)
Villefranche-de-Rouergue (1222)
Villeneuvois et Villefranchois (1223)
The inhabitants of Aveyron are known, in French, as Aveyronnais (women: Aveyronnaises).
Aveyron has a population, in 2014, of 278,644, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
The arrondissement of Rodez, with 143,841 inhabitants, is by far the largest.
The other two, Millau and Villefranche-de-Rouergue, have respectively 70,995 and 63,808 inhabitants.
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Rodez (24,088).
The subprefectures of Millau and Villefranche-de-Rouergue have, respectively, 22,064 and 11,822 inhabitants.
Departamental Council website
aveyron.com website
Aveyron tourism official website
Bouches-du-Rhône (, lit. "
Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in the south of France named after the mouth of the Rhône River.
It is the department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region with more people living in it.
Bouches-du-Rhône is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790.
It was made with part of the old province of Provence and was divided in six districts: Tarascon, Apt, Aix, Marseille, Salon and Arles, with Aix as is capital.
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the six districts were changed into three arrondissements: Marseille, Aix and Tarascon.
The prefecture was moved from Aix to Marseille.
In 1817, the subprefecture of Tarascon was moved to Arles.
The arrondissement of Istres was created in 1981.
The Bouches-du-Rhône department is part of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.
Gard, to the west
Vaucluse to the north
Var to the east
The Mediterranean Sea is to the south and there is  of coast.
The highest mountain in Bouches-du-Rhône is Bertagne () in the eastern part of the department, near the border with the Var department in the massif de la Sainte-Baume; it is  high.
The department is bordered by the Rhone river to the west and the Durance river to the north.
The Rhone divides into the Grand Rhone and Petit Rhone south of Arles; the area between forms the Camargue, a large wetland.
The Frioul archipelago is a group of 4 islands in the Mediterranean Sea approximately at  from Marseille.
The area around Marseille, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with dry summers.
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Marseille is a "Mediterranean climate" and of the subtype "Csa".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Marseille is .
The average temperature for the year in Marseille is .
Bouches-du-Rhône is managed by the Departmental Council of Bouches-du-Rhône in Marseille.
There are 4 arrondissements (districts), 29 cantons and 135 communes (municipalities) in Bouches-du-Rhône.
Aix-en-Provence-1 (1301)
Aix-en-Provence-2 (1302)
Allauch (1303)
Arles (1304)
Aubagne (1305)
Berre-l'Étang (1306)
Châteaurenard (1307)
La Ciotat (1308)
Gardanne (1309)
Istres (1310)
Marignane (1311)
Marseille-1 (1312)
Marseille-2 (1313)
Marseille-3 (1314)
Marseille-4 (1315)
Marseille-5 (1316)
Marseille-6 (1317)
Marseille-7 (1318)
Marseille-8 (1319)
Marseille-9 (1320)
Marseille-10 (1321)
Marseille-11 (1322)
Marseille-12 (1323)
Martigues (1324)
Pélissanne (1325)
Salon-de-Provence-1 (1326)
Salon-de-Provence-2 (1327)
Trets (1328)
Vitrolles (1329)
The inhabitants of the Bouches-du-Rhône department are known, in French, as Buccorhodaniens or (women: Buccorhodaniennes),
Bouches-du-Rhône had a population, in 2014, of 2,006,069, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
The arrondissement of Marseille, with 1,058,615 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.
The 10 communes with more inhabitants in the Bouches-du-Rhône department are:
Prefecture of the Bouches-du-Rhône department
The vocal cords or vocal folds are two sets of tissue stretched across the larynx.
They can vibrate when air passes through the larynx.
This produces sounds.
Humans use them to produce language.
Men and women have different vocal fold sizes.
Adult male voices are usually deeper: males have thicker cord.
The male vocal folds are between 17 mm and 25 mm in length.
The difference in vocal fold size between men and women means that their voices have a different pitch.
Each person's voice is different and has a slightly different pitch.
This is caused by genes that influence how the larynx is made.
False vocal cords
The vocal cords are sometimes called 'true vocal cords' to distinguish them from the false vocal cords.
These are a pair of thick folds of mucous membrane.
They sit directly above the true vocal folds, to protect them.
They have a very small role in normal speech , but are often used in musical screaming and the death grunt singing style.
They are also used in Tuvan throat singing.
The false cords are also called vestibular folds and ventricular folds.
They can be seen on the diagram above as ventricular folds.
Bit-level parallelism,
Instruction-level parallelism,
Data parallelism,
Task parallelism.
It has been used for many years, mainly in high-performance computing, with a great increase in its use in recent years, due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling.
Parallel computing has become the main model in computer architecture, mainly in the form of Multi-core processors.
However, in recent years, power consumption by parallel computers has become a concern.
Parallel computer programs are more difficult to program than sequential ones, because concurrency introduces several new classes of potential software bugs, of which race conditions and dead locks are the most common.
however many parallel programming languages have been created to simplify parallel computers programming.
But still communication and synchronization between the different subtasks is difficult while achieving good parallel program performance.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Introduction to Parallel Computing
Designing and Building Parallel Programs, by Ian Foster
Parallel processing topic area at IEEE Distributed Computing Online
Parallel Computing Works Free On-line Book
Frontiers of Supercomputing Free On-line Book Covering topics like algorithms and industrial applications
WrestleMania IV was the fourth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).
It took place on March 27, 1988 at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
WrestleMania 04
1988 in professional wrestling
1980s in New Jersey
Cantal is a French department in south-central France in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
Its prefecture is Aurillac.
Cantal is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790.
It was created with part of the territory of the old province of Auvergne in south central France.
It was divided in four districts: Aurillac, Mauriac, Murat and Saint-Flour; its capital in Saint-Flour, alternating with Aurillac.
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the districts were changed into arrondissements: Aurillac, Mauriac, Murat and Saint-Flour.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Murat was eliminated.
Puy-de-Dôme (north)
Haute-Loire (northeast)
Aveyron (south)
Lot (southwest)
Lozère (southeast)
Corrèze (west)
Cantal is in the middle half of the central plateau (Massif Central) of France where is the Mounts of Cantal mountain range, a group of extinct volcanoes.
The highest point in the Cantal mountains, and in the department is Plomb du Cantal () that is  high.
Other high mountains near Plomb du Cantal in the Cantal department are:
Puy du Rocher (),  high;
Puy de Peyre Arse (),  high; and
Puy Mary (),  high.
The climate of Cantal has with few extremes of temperature and ample precipitation in all months.
It belongs to the subtype Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
The average temperature for the year in Aurillac, at an altitude of , is .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Aurillac is .
Cantal is part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.
The department is managed by the Departamental Council of the Cantal in Aurillac.
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 15 cantons and 255 communes (municipalities) in Cantal.
Arpajon-sur-Cère (1501)
Aurillac-1 (1502)
Aurillac-2 (1503)
Causses-Rougiers (1504)
Mauriac (1505)
Maurs (1506)
Murat (1507)
Naucelles (1508)
Neuvéglise (1509)
Riom-ès-Montagnes (1510)
Saint-Flour-1 (1511)
Saint-Flour-2 (15012)
Saint-Paul-des-Landes (15013)
Vic-sur-Cère (1514)
Ydes (1514)
The inhabitants of Cantal are known, in French, as Cantaliens (women: Cantaliennes) or Cantalous (women: Cantalouses).
Cantal has a population, in 2014, of 146,618, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
The arrondissement of Aurillac, with 82,347 inhabitants, is by far the largest.
The other two, Saint-Flour and Mauriac, have respectively 38,079 and 26,192 inhabitants.
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Aurillac (26,135).
The subprefectures of Saint-Flour and Mauriac have, respectively, 6,643 and 3,682 inhabitants.
WrestleMania V was the fifth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).
It took place on April 2, 1989 at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
The Official Website of WrestleMania V
WrestleMania 05
1989 in professional wrestling
1989 in the United States
Charente (Saintongeais: Chérente, ) is a department in southwestern France, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
It is named after the Charente river, the most important river in the department.
The two largest towns of the department, Angoulême and Cognac, are along this river.
Charente is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790.
It was created from the old province of Angoumois with lands around Angoulême.
The new department had six districts: Ruffec, Confolens, La Rochefoucauld, Angoulême, Barbezieux and Cognac.
The capital (now prefecture) was Angoulême.
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the six districts were changed into five arrondissements: Angoulême, Barbezieux, Cognac, Confolens and Ruffec.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissements of Barbezieux and Ruffec were eliminated.
Charente is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
The highest point of the department is Rocher aux Oiseaux,  high, in the commune of Montrollet; the lowest point is in the valley of the Charente river, commune of Merpins, and is  high.
The main river in the department is the Charente that gives its name to the department.
Other rivers are the Dronne and the Vienne.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Cognac is .
The average temperature for the year in Cognac is .
The department is managed by the Departmental Council of the Charente in Angoulême.
Charente is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 19 cantons and 383 communes (municipalities) in Charente.
Angoulême-1 (1601)
Angoulême-2 (1602)
Angoulême-3 (1603)
Boëme-Échelle (1604)
Boixe-et-Manslois (1605)
Charente-Bonnieure (1606)
Charente-Champagne (1607)
Charente-Nord (1608)
Charente-Sud (1609)
Charente-Vienne (1610)
Cognac-1 (1611)
Cognac-2 (1612)
La Couronne (1613)
Gond-Pontouvre (1614)
Jarnac (1615)
Touvre-et-Braconne (1616)
Tude-et-Lavalette (1617)
Val de Nouère (1618)
Val de Tardoire (1619)
The inhabitants of Charente are known, in French, as Charentais (women: Charentaises).
Charente has a population, in 2014, of 353,853, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
The arrondissement of Angoulême, with 197,377 inhabitants, is by far the largest.
The other two, Cognac and Confolens, have respectively 92,224 and 64,252 inhabitants.
The cognac is an alcoholic drink, a kind of brandy.
It is made mainly around the city of Cognac.
Departments in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Charente-Maritime (Saintongeais: Chérente-Marine) is a department on the west coast of France in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
It is named after the Charente river, the most important river in the department, and its position along the coast.
The department, as Charente-Inférieure ("Lower Charente" because it was in the lower part of the Charente river), is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790.
The new department had seven districts: La Rochelle, Rochefort, Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Saintes, Pons, Montlieu and Marennes.
The capital (now prefecture) was Saintes alternating with La Rochelle and Saint-Jean-d'Angély but soon was changed and Saintes was kept as the only capital.
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the seven districts were changed into six arrondissements: Saintes, Jonzac, Marennes, Rochefort, La Rochelle and Saint-Jean-d'Angély and in 1810 the capital was moved to La Rochelle.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissements of Marennes and Saint-Jean-d'Angély were eliminated.
In 1943, Saint-Jean-d'Angély was made again an arrondissement.
On 4 Septembre 1941, the name of the department was changed from Charente-Inférieure to the present name of Charente-Maritime.
Charente-Maritime is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
The highest point in the department is in the woods of Chantemerlière, near the commune of Contré in the northeast, and that is  high.
Île d'Aix
Île d'Oléron, the largest island of Metropolitan France; it is  long and  wide, with an area of
Île Madame, the smallest of the four islands.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in La Rochelle is .
The average temperature for the year in La Rochelle is .
The department is managed by the Departmental Council of the Charente-Maritime in La Rochelle.
Charente-Maritime is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
There are 5 arrondissements (districts), 27 cantons and 469 communes (municipalities) in Charente-Maritime.
Aytré (1701)
Chaniers (1702)
Châtelaillon-Plage (1703)
Île d'Oléron (1704)
Île de Ré (1705)
La Jarrie (1706)
Jonzac (1707)
Lagord (1708)
Marans (1709)
Marennes (1710)
Matha (1711)
Pons (1712)
Rochefort (1713)
La Rochelle-1 (1714)
La Rochelle-2 (1715)
La Rochelle-3 (1716)
Royan (1717)
Saint-Jean-d'Angély (1718)
Saint-Porchaire (1719)
Saintes (1720)
Saintonge Estuaire (1721)
Saujon (1722)
Surgères (1723)
Thénac (1724)
Tonnay-Charente (1725)
La Tremblade (1726)
Les Trois Monts (1727)
The inhabitants of Charente-Maritime are known, in French, as Charentais maritimes (women: Charentaises maritimes).
Charente-Maritime has a population, in 2014, of 637,089, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
The arrondissement of Rochelle, with 210,151 inhabitants, is by far the largest.
The other four, Rochefort,  Saintes, Jonzac and Saint-Jean-d'Angély, have respectively 187,843, 128,786, 56,973 and 53,336 inhabitants.
Charente Maritime Tourisme
In computing, optimization is the process of modifying a system to make some features of it work more efficiently or use fewer resources.
For instance, a computer program may be optimized so that it runs faster, or to run with less memory requirements or other resources (see Space-time tradeoff), or to consume less energy.
This is a branch of software engineering.
Programming Optimization
C,C++ optimization
C optimization tutorial
Software Optimization at Link-time And Run-time
Article "A Plea for Lean Software" by Niklaus Wirth
Description from the Portland Pattern Repository
Performance tuning of Computer Networks
An article describing high-level optimization
Some examples of optimization problems & algorithms
The Pilgrimage of Grace was a revolt in York, Yorkshire in 1536.
People  protested against England's break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
There were also other specific political, social and economic issues they did not like.
Technically the term Pilgrimage of Grace only refers to the uprising around York, but sometimes it is used in relation to the risings in general which took place around Northern England; first from Lincolnshire, twelve days before the actual Pilgrimage of Grace.
An embedded system is a computer that has been built to solve only a few very specific problems and is not easily changed.
The word embedded means it is built into the system.
It is a permanent part in a bigger system.
It usually does not look like a computer, often no keyboard or monitor or mouse.
But like any computer it has a processor, software, input and output.
For example, the controller embedded in an elevator tells the motor to move the elevator to different floors, based on buttons that are pushed.
A decoder is embedded in a satellite television set-top box (called STB) to read a signal from the dish and send something that a TV understands.
Often this type of system must do its work in a specific amount of time.
This is called real-time computing.
If a set-top box got interrupted to do another task, you would see a bad picture on the TV, for example.
A general purpose computer will often have short pauses while it does something else, it is not real-time.
Embedded systems control many of the common devices in use today, such as card readers in hotel door locks or several things in a car.
They can control small things like an MP3 player or a digital camera, and large things like traffic light systems, airplanes, or assembly lines in a factory.
Examples of embedded systems
Telecommunications systems uses them for telephones, cell phone network, and wi-fi routers.
Consumer electronics include broadcast receivers, MP3 players, mobile phones, video game consoles, digital cameras, DVD players, GPS receivers, home security systems, and printers.
Household appliances, like microwave ovens, washing machines, burglar alarm systems and dishwashers have embedded systems.
Transportation uses embedded systems for everything from locomotives for trains, airplanes and automobiles.
Industry uses electric motors with electronic controllers, card readers and CNC machines which automatically make metal parts.
Medical devices like defibrillators, automated blood pressure readers, and automated insulin pumps.
Military devices, like walkie-talkies, satellites and the guiding systems for missiles.
Embedded systems are designed to do a specific task, unlike general-purpose computers.
It does not look like a computer - there may not be a full monitor or a keyboard.
Many embedded systems must be able to do things in real-time - in a short amount of time (almost instantly from a human view).
Many embedded systems must be very safe and reliable, especially for medical devices or avionics controlling airplanes.
Starts very quickly.
People don't want to wait a minute or two for their car to start or emergency equipment to start.
It may use a special operating system (or sometimes a very small home-made OS) that helps meet these requirements called a real-time operating system, or RTOS.
The program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to as firmware, and are stored in read-only memory or flash memory chips.
They run with limited computer hardware resources: little memory, small or non-existent keyboard and/or screen.
Embedded systems are not always standalone devices.
Sometimes they are built as a set, like the various parts of a car - the radio, the throttle control, the pollution control, etc.
Sometimes they can communicate to the internet or a cell-phone network and they may have a USB reader or other connections.
Embedded systems range from no user interface at all — only sending and receiving electric signals — to a full graphical user interface like on a modern computer.
Quite often they will have a few push-buttons and a small display and some LEDs.
A more complex system may have a touch screen, allowing the meaning of the buttons to change with each screen as in smart phones.
The most important chip is the central processing unit or CPU.
This runs the software instructions.
It can be a standard microprocessor or a microcontroller.
Microcontrollers include the microprocessor as well as simple peripheral equipment so the system can be smaller and cheaper.
They have less flexibility because those parts cannot be changed.
Usually these parts include Flash memory and support for serial ports, USB, etc.
Unlike a microprocessor for a general-purpose computer, bigger and faster is not always better.
Many embedded processors are very small.
Sometimes this is to use less space or less power, sometimes it is to be cheaper.
General-purpose computers will use microprocessors that read 32-bit or 64-bit words and run at speeds measured in GHz, but embedded processors are usually 4 to 32 bits and run at speeds usually measured in tens of MHz (a hundred times slower). (
But the programs are also smaller and do not check for things that are not used).
Ready made computer boards
There are "ready-made" computer boards that can be used in some embedded systems.
These often use Windows CE, Linux, NetBSD, or an embedded real-time operating system.
Sometimes it may be easier to use a circuit board that is already made.
These usually share many components with general purpose computers, but are smaller than one in a general purpose computer.
Boards such as the VIA EPIA can run Microsoft Windows.
The advantage is that it saves some electrical engineering time and can use the same software development tools used for PC-type software development.