the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Elvish languages or Eldarin languages are the languages of the Elves.
At other times, Elvish languages were the common speech.
Later the Elvish languages were also used by humans, especially by scientists and the nobility.
The Eldarin languages can be divided into two groups: Quenya language and Telerin languages (which includes Telerin, Nandorin, and Sindarin).
Quenya is an Elvish language.
It was spoken by the Vanyar and Noldor elves in Valinor.
When the Noldor returned to Middle-earth in the First Age, they brought Quenya with them.
But the native Sindarin became far more common in everyday speech.
In the Second Age and especially in the Third Age, Quenya in Middle-earth was used more as a scientific and ritual language.
Because of this Tolkien sometimes called Quenya the "Elf-Latin".
Telerin
Telerin is an Elvish language.
It was spoken by the Teleri elves.
From Telerin developed several new languages and dialects, for example Sindarin.
Sindarin is an Elvish language.
It came from the Telerin language.
It was spoken by the Sindar (or Grey Elves) in Middle-earth.
It later became the most common elvish language spoken in Middle-earth.
Mannish (Human) languages
Adûnaic
Adûnaic is the language of the people of Númenor.
After the Fall of Númenor, Adûnaic was not often used anymore.
From Adûnaic and the native languages of the western coastlands of Middle-earth developed Westron.
Westron
Westron (Westron: Adûni, Sindarin: Annúnaid), or the Common Speech (Westron: Sôval Phârë), is a language of Middle-earth.
It comes from Adûnaic and the natives languages of Middle-earth.
In the Third Age, Westron is used as the common language, spoken by most peoples.
Rohirric
Rohirric (also Rohirian or Rohanese) is the language of the Rohirrim of Rohan.
In the books, Rohirric text and names are always represented by Old English.
This is made because Rohirric should feel older but similar to the hobbit's Westron, and they are in the books represented by Old English and Modern English.
Khuzdûl
Khuzdûl is the language of the Dwarves.
The dwarves keep much of what they do a secret, and they also do this with their language.
Because of this, only a few place-names and phrases are known from Khuzdûl.
Dwarves have never told other (non-dwarven) people their Khuzdûl names.
Instead, they use other names when talking to the other peoples of Middle-earth.
The dwarven "nicknames" that appear in the books are  all taken from Norse mythology.
Besides the spoken language, called aglab, Khuzdûl had the iglishmek, which was a sign language.
Entish
Entish is the language of the Ents.
The language is, like the Ents themselves, very "unhasty": it takes a lot of time to say something.
The language uses very long descriptions and many repetitions.
Because it is so complicated and takes so much time, nobody but the Ents use or understand this language.
Valarin
Black Speech
Black Speech is the language of Sauron.
The language was created by him and used by his followers.
The inscription on the One Ring was Black Speech, written in Tengwar.
Aside from the Ring-inscription, there are several names and words of Black Speech known.
Lope de Vega (also Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio or Lope Félix de Vega Carpio) (25 November 1562 – 27 August 1635) was a Spanish Baroque playwright and poet.
His reputation in the world of Spanish letters is second only to that of Cervantes, while the sheer volume of his literary output is unequalled:
He was "The Phoenix of Wits" and "Monster of Nature" by Miguel de Cervantes because he did so much work.
Lope de Vega renewed the Spanish theatre when people were becoming interested in it.
Along with Calderón de la Barca and Tirso de Molina, he improved Spanish theater.
He is considered a great dramatist and his plays are often performed.
He is also one of the famous Spanish poets and authors.
Lope de Vega was born in Madrid to a non-notable family, who came to the capital from Valle de Carriedo in Cantabria recently.
Félix de Vega, the bread winner of the family, was an embroiderer.
1635 deaths
Calderón was born in Madrid.
His mother, who was of Flemish descent, died in 1610; his father, who was secretary to the treasury, died in 1615.
Calderón was educated at the Jesuit College in Madrid, the Colegio Imperial, with a view to taking orders; but instead, he studied law at Salamanca.
El médico de su honra (The Surgeon of his Honour)
La vida es sueño (Life is a Dream)
El Alcalde de Zalamea (The Mayor of Zalamea)
La Dama duende (The Phantom Lady)
Casa con dos puertas (The House with Two Doors)
El Mágico prodigioso (The Mighty Magician)
La Devoción de la Cruz (Devotion to the Cross)
El Gran Teatro del mundo (The Great Theatre of the World)
El Gran Mercado del mundo (The World is a Fair)
El Pintor de su deshonra (The Painter of His Dishonour)
El Prodigio de Alemania (The Prodigy of Germany) (in collaboration with Antonio Coello)
1681 deaths
Chemical vapor deposition is a method of putting a thin layer of materials on to a surface using very low heat.
It is specially useful for coating thin glass with metal without damaging the glass, using such a thin layer of metal that the glass can be seen through.
This technology was invented by the Head of the Chemistry Department of Harvard University, Professor Roy Gordon, in the 1970s and perfected by his team during the 1980s.
Chemical vapor deposition has a vast range of uses.
Hip replacement joints are coated using chemical vapor deposition to make them lighter, stronger, and longer lasting.
TFT displays (flat screen televisions and computer monitors) are made using chemical vapor deposition.
This technology is also used to prevent double glazing windows and supermarket freezers from steaming up.
Chemical vapor deposition can be used to create synthetic diamonds.
Roy Gordons Glass  in the Harvard Gazette
Below is a list of the 25 states of Sudan.
As Sudan was under British rule, they are organized by their original provinces under British rule.
Arabic language versions are in parentheses.
States that were not provinces before 1994 are marked with (*).
Transliterations from Arabic to English may vary; in particular, the article "al" is sometimes transliterated as "el".
Numbers correspond to those of the map at right.
Al Jazirah (9)
Blue Nile/Central
Blue Nile/Central (An Nil al Azraq/Al Wustá) (16)
Sennar (*) (13)
White Nile (An Nil al Abyad) (8)
North Darfur (Shamal Darfur) (4)
South Darfur (Janub Darfur) (14)
West Darfur (Gharb Darfur) (11)
Equatoria
Bahr al Ghazal
Lakes (Al Buhayrat) (23)
North Bahr al Ghazal (Shamal Bahr al Ghazal) (18)
West Bahr al Ghazal (Gharb Bahr al Ghazal) (17)
Warab (*) (21)
East Equatoria
Central Equatoria (*) (25)
East Equatoria (Sharq al Istiwa'iyah) (26)
West Equatoria (Gharb al Istiwa'iyah) (24)
Kassala
Kassala (Ash Sharqiyah) (7)
Al Qadarif (10)
Red Sea (Al Bahr al Ahmar) (3)
Khartoum (Al Khartum) (6)
Kurdufan
North Kurdufan (Shamal Kurdufan) (5)
South Kurdufan (Janub Kurdufan) (15)
West Kurdufan (Gharb Kurdufan) (12, abolished in 2006 and split to merge with North and South Kurdufan)
Northern (Ash Shamaliyah) (1)
River Nile (Nahr an Nil) (2)
Upper Nile
Jonglei
Jonglei (22)
Unity (Al Wahdah)(*) (19)
Upper Nile (A'ali an Nil) (20)
Regional autonomy
The ten southern states constitute the autonomous region of Southern Sudan.
The three Darfur states are coordinated by the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority.
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan had eight mudiriyat, or provinces, which were ambiguous when created but became well defined by the beginning of the Second World War.
The eight provinces were: Blue Nile, Darfur, Equatoria, Kassala, Khartoum, Kurdufan, Northern, and Upper Nile.
In 1948 Bahr al Ghazal split from Equatoria.
There were numerous new provinces created on 1 July 1973.
North and South Darfur were created from Darfur, while Kurdufan divided into North and South Kurdufan.
Al Jazirah and White Nile were split off from Blue Nile.
A further fracturing of provinces occurred in 1976.
Lakes split from Bahr al Ghazal, and Jonglei split off from Upper Nile.
Equatoria divided into East and West Equatoria.
There were thus eighteen provinces.
In 1991, the government reorganized the administrative regions into nine federal states, matching the nine provinces that had existed from 1948 to 1973.
On 14 February 1994, the government reorganized yet again, creating twenty-six wilayat (states).
The majority of the wilayat were either the old provinces or administrative subregions of a province.
As part of the new government structure in South Sudan in 2005, Bahr al Jabal was renamed Central Equatoria.
In 2006, West Kurdufan was split and merged with North Kurdufan and South Kurdufan.
WrestleMania XXIV was the twenty-fourth yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
It took place on March 30, 2008 at the Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida.
It was the first WrestleMania to be held in the state of Florida, and the second WrestleMania to be held outdoors the whole time, the other being WrestleMania IX.
The official theme songs were "Light It Up" by Rev Theory and "Snow ((Hey Oh))" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
The tagline was "The Biggest WrestleMania Under the Sun."
Tickets went on sale to the public on November 3, 2007.
For the second year in a row, WrestleMania broke the record for the highest-grossing pay-per-view in WWE history and for the Citrus Bowl, grossing in $5.85 million in ticket sales.
The record-breaking Citrus Bowl attendance record of 74,635 consisting of people from twenty-one countries, all fifty states, and five Canadian provinces, pumped an estimated $30 million into the local economy.
The Central Florida Sports Commission thought that the event created many jobs, and brought around 60,000 visitors to the city for the event.
WWE and the city of Orlando hosted festivities that spanned a five-day period within the central Florida area, bringing many branding opportunities and television coverage, leading up to the event at the Citrus Bowl.
The event was a joint-promotion pay-per-view, having performers from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands.
The main match on the Raw brand was a Triple Threat match for the WWE Championship between Randy Orton, Triple H, and John Cena, which Orton won by pinning Cena.
The main event and featured match on the SmackDown brand was Edge versus The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship, which Undertaker won by forcing Edge to submit with the Gogoplata.
The main match on the ECW brand was Chavo Guerrero against Kane for the ECW Championship, which Kane won by pinfall after performing a chokeslam.
Main matches on the undercard included Floyd Mayweather, Jr. versus The Big Show in a No Disqualification match, an interpromotional Money in the Bank ladder match, and Ric Flair versus Shawn Michaels.
The main feud heading into WrestleMania on the Raw brand was between Randy Orton, John Cena, and Triple H, with the three feuding over the WWE Championship.
At the Royal Rumble in January, John Cena won the Royal Rumble match by last eliminating Triple H to become the number one contender to the WWE Championship at WrestleMania XXIV.
Instead of challenging Randy Orton for the title at WrestleMania, he wanted to challenge him at No Way Out, the next pay-per-view.
At No Way Out, Orton got himself intentionally disqualified by slapping the referee, thus keeping the WWE Championship.
Also at No Way Out, Triple H became the new number one contender to the WWE Championship at WrestleMania by winning against five other men in an Elimination Chamber match.
The night after on Raw, after Cena argued that he should have another WWE Championship match, Raw General Manager William Regal said that Cena would face Orton later in the night with the stipulation being if Cena won, he would be added to the WrestleMania match between Triple H and Orton, making it a Triple Threat match.
If Orton won, however, the main event would stay as Orton versus Triple H. Cena won the match, pinning Orton after executing an FU.
After the match, Triple H, who was the Special Guest referee, executed a Pedigree to both Cena and Orton.
The common feud on the SmackDown brand was between Edge and The Undertaker, with the two battling over the World Heavyweight Championship.
On the February 29 version of SmackDown, Assistant General Manager Theodore Long said that at No Way Out, an Elimination Chamber match would be held to find out who was the number one contender to the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania.
Undertaker won the match, last eliminating Batista after executing a Tombstone piledriver.
At No Way Out, The Big Show made a surprise return to the company.
In his return promo, Big Show threatened to give Rey Mysterio a Chokeslam.
Professional boxer Floyd Mayweather, Jr., who was in attendance and a close friend of Mysterio's, came to his aid and confronted Big Show.
Big Show then got on his knees to allow Mayweather to punch him, which Mayweather did, by hitting him with many different punches, which caused Big Show to bleed from the nose and mouth.
The next night on Raw, the Big Show challenged Mayweather to a match, which Mayweather accepted.
On the February 25, 2008 edition of Raw, 2008 WWE Hall of Fame Inductee Ric Flair challenged Shawn Michaels to a match at WrestleMania, which the latter accepted after some reluctance, knowing that Flair's career will be on the line.
Flair also said that "it would be an honor for him to retire at the hands of Shawn Michaels."
Also, on the February 25, 2008 edition of Raw, the General Manager William Regal was "sent a letter" by the SmackDown General Manager Vickie Guerrero, issuing a challenge to him for an interpromotional "Raw vs. SmackDown" match at WrestleMania XXIV, with each brand choosing one superstar to represent it.
Regal accepted and chose Umaga to represent Raw at WrestleMania XXIV.
On the February 29 version of SmackDown, Batista was chosen as the SmackDown representative by Vickie Guerrero against Umaga at WrestleMania XXIV.
On February 18, 2008 WWE said using its website that the fourth annual Money in the Bank ladder match would take place at WrestleMania XXIV, with superstars competing from Raw, SmackDown and ECW.
The winner will get a contract to challenge for any of the three WWE World Championships (the WWE Championship of Raw, the World Heavyweight Championship of SmackDown, or the ECW Championship) at any time and any place over a one-year period.
Qualifying matches were done to find out who were the participants in the match.
Jeff Hardy was at first supposed to be a part of the Money in the Bank ladder match, but was excluded from the event due to his suspension.
WWE decided not to fill his spot with another superstar, making this year's Money in the Bank ladder match the first year to only have 7 participants.
On the March 11, 2008 version of ECW, ECW General Manager Armando Estrada announced a twenty-four-man battle royal at WrestleMania XXIV with the winner going on to face ECW Champion Chavo Guerrero for the ECW Championship following the battle royal.
The first announced participant was The Great Khali.
WrestleMania XXIV marks the first WrestleMania in which the ECW Championship will be defended.
Big Daddy V was at first scheduled to take part in this match, but was removed for unknown reasons.
Stevie Richards would also replace Matt Striker, for unknown reasons as well.
Money in the Bank qualifying matches
Jeff Hardy won against Snitsky on the February 18 version of Raw.
Hardy was later removed from the match after being legitimately suspended by WWE for violation of the company's wellness policy.
Mr. Kennedy won against Val Venis on the February 18 version of Raw.
Shelton Benjamin won against Jimmy Wang Yang on the February 22 version of SmackDown.
Chris Jericho won against Jeff Hardy on the February 25 version of Raw.
Carlito won against Cody Rhodes on the March 3 version of Raw.
Montel Vontavious Porter won against Jamie Noble at the March 8 SmackDown/ECW house show.
CM Punk won against Big Daddy V on the March 11 version of ECW.
John Morrison won against The Miz on the March 14 version of SmackDown.
Before the show was first shown live on pay-per-view, Kane won a 24-man Interpromotional Battle Royal to win an ECW Championship match against Chavo Guerrero later that night.
The event officially began with John Legend singing a rendition of "America the Beautiful."
The first match that was shown live on pay-per-view was a Belfast Brawl between Finlay and John "Bradshaw" Layfield.
Finlay was accompanied to the ring by his returning "son" Hornswoggle, who was injured at the hands of JBL a few weeks ago on Raw.
The match had many spots, which included JBL hitting Finlay with a trash can lid when the latter was about to perform a suicide dive on him through the ropes on the outside.
Later on, Finlay tossed JBL through the table that he had set up earlier on the turnbuckle.
Hornswoggle would also get involved during the match, hitting JBL's with a kendo stick while later on he would get attacked by JBL with a trash can thrown at him.
Attacking Finlay's knee with a kendo stick, JBL then quickly hit a Clothesline from Hell to score a successful pinfall.
The next match of the evening was the fourth-yearly Money in the Bank ladder match, featuring Chris Jericho, Mr. Kennedy and Carlito from the Raw brand; CM Punk, Shelton Benjamin and John Morrison from the ECW brand; and Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) from the SmackDown brand.
The match featured many dangerous spots.
Early in the match, Morrison climbed a turnbuckle and performed a moonsault on others outside while holding a ladder against his chest.
Then, at one point, when Mr. Kennedy and Morrison were battling on top of a ladder, Benjamin climbed another ladder placed adjacent to the first one, and performed a flip powerbomb on Kennedy, who in turn superplexed Morrison from the top of the ladder.
After sometime, Kennedy delivered his Green Bay Plunge to Punk onto a ladder.
Later, Carlito and Kennedy flipped Benjamin off a ladder, sending him crashing through another ladder set-up between the barricade and the ring apron.
Jericho also performed his Walls of Jericho on Morrison on top of a ladder.
Kennedy delivered his Mic Check to Punk off a ladder.
Quickly afterwards, Carlito hit the Backstabber to Jericho from a ladder.
When MVP was close of finding the contract briefcase, Matt Hardy returned to action through the crowd, entered the ring and delivered the Twist of Fate to MVP off the ladder.
As soon as Morrison started to climb a ladder, see-sawing with another ladder, Jericho flipped the other one and Morrison landed on the ring-ropes groin-first.
In the end, Jericho and Punk fought each other on a ladder, but Punk trapped Jericho's one leg in the ladder's steps and himself retrieved the contract briefcase to win the match.
The next match which was billed as a "Battle for Brand Supremacy", was between SmackDown's Batista and Raw's Umaga.
Early in the match, both Batista and Umaga exchanged blows and Batista threw Umaga outside with a shoulder block.
Umaga later delivered a high-impact kick to Batista, which caused him to fall back-first outside the ring from the ring-apron.
Hence, Umaga started targeting Batista's injured back.
But in the end, when Umaga tried to go for a Samoan Spike, Batista countered the attempt and delivered a spinebuster to Umaga.
Batista won the match by pinning Umaga after hitting him with his Batista Bomb.
The fourth match for the event featured Chavo Guerrero defending his ECW Championship against Kane.
Kane surprised Chavo by emerging from underneath the ring instead of from the entrance stage.
In the second shortest match in WrestleMania history, Kane instantly pinned Chavo after a Chokeslam and won the ECW Championship in eight seconds.
Ric Flair put his career on the line next against Shawn Michaels.
At the start of the match, both superstars engaged in a series of counters, and then Flair shoved Michaels in a corner, making "Old Yeller" comments to him.
In retaliation, Michaels slapped Flair in the face, which caused him to start bleeding from the mouth.
Later, Flair performed a crossbody onto Michaels from the top rope for a two count.
Then, in a very dangerous spot, when Flair was on the outside, Michaels performed an Asai moonsault onto Flair, but missed and landed hard on the Raw announcers' table rib-first.
With Flair later on outside the ring again, Michaels successfully attempted another moonsault from the top-rope onto Flair.
Back in the ring, Michaels tried to go for his Sweet Chin Music, but stopped in the process and Flair capitalized by trapping him in his figure four leglock.
Afterwards, Michaels finally delivered a Sweet Chin Music to Flair, but the latter kicked out to the pinfall attempt.
Michaels then, trapped Flair in his modified figure four leglock, but Flair delivered a thumb to the eye to Michaels to break the submission.
As Flair was delivering chops to Michaels, the latter hit a second Sweet Chin Music.
After getting up on his feet with a worried face, Michaels said to Flair "I'm sorry, I love you", before nailing a final Sweet Chin Music and thus pinning Flair to end his 36-year long wrestling career.
After the match, Michaels left quickly and Flair got a standing ovation from the crowd.
An emotional Flair embraced his family at ringside and then, as he proceeded to go backstage, thanked the crowd for their support.
The sixth match was the Playboy BunnyMania Lumberjack match, in which Maria and Ashley faced Beth Phoenix and Melina, who were accompanied to the ring by Santino Marella.
Snoop Dogg served as the official "Master of Ceremonies" for this match.
Due to some technical difficulties, the lights at Citrus Bowl temporarily went out during the match.
Near the end, a pin attempt by Maria was prevented when Santino pulled Maria's leg.
In response, Raw commentator Jerry Lawler approached and knocked Marella down with a punch.
With a Fisherman suplex, Phoenix pinned Maria to win the match.
After the match, Snoop Dogg clotheslined Marella in the ring and kissed Maria, before leaving with her and Ashley.
Randy Orton defended his WWE Championship against Triple H and John Cena in a Triple Threat match next.
For his entrance, Cena had a marching band perform an instrumental version of his theme song "The Time Is Now" live.
During the match, when Triple H had held Orton in a sleeper hold, Cena picked up both Orton and Triple H for an FU, but Triple H dropped down and low blowed him.
Orton dominated the match for some time.
One hightlight of the match featured Orton performing a crossbody from the top rope on Cena, while the latter was held on Triple H's shoulders in an electric chair position.
Also, Orton delivered a double elevated DDT from the second rope to both Cena and Triple H simultaneously.
Orton then tried to RKO Cena, but he countered and threw Orton onto Triple H. Then, Triple H started targeting Orton's legs and using some submissions on him.
The match's finish came when Triple H countered Cena's FU into a Pedigree, but when he covered Cena, Orton punted on Triple H's head and himself pinned Cena to retain his WWE Championship.
The next match was the No Disqualification match between The Big Show and Floyd Mayweather, Jr.. Early in the match, Mayweather repeatedly escaped Big Show's grasp and delivered body shots to him.
Soon, Mayweather put a sleeper hold on Big Show, but the latter escaped out of it before passing out and stomped on Mayweather's hand.
Mayweather and his accomplices tried to "walk out" of the match, but Big Show walked up the ramp and brought Mayweather back in the ring.
As Big Show was about to chokeslam Mayweather, one of Mayweather's accomplices struck a steel chair on Big Show's back, and the latter chokeslammed him in retaliation.
Capitalizing from this distraction, Mayweather grabbed that chair and hit Big Show multiple times on the head with it.
Finally, Mayweather removed his right glove and put on a pair of brass knuckles to hit Big Show in the face.
Thus, Big Show was knocked out as he could not answer the referee's ten count and Mayweather was declared the winner.
As the second WrestleMania to be held outdoors the whole time, WWE chairman Vince McMahon early on said that the show will go on, no matter what the weather is.
In the March 2008 issue of WWE Magazine, WWE set designer Jason Robinson revealed that a steel rig with a tarpaulin roof would be built above the ring itself to prevent rain.
In that same issue, an initial design of the ring setup was revealed showing a bigger rig surrounding the tarpaulin rig, with lighting and two giant screens attached.
The bigger rig was dropped from the final design with the lighting and video screens now featuring on the tarpaulin rig as well as the sound system.
During an interview, WWE production manager Brian Petree mentioned that video reinforcement should prevent anyone from being obstructed by the steel structure.
Up to seven generators were used to power up the show.
The set design for the entrance stage was at the north end of the stadium and consisted of another steel structure with various video screens hanging from it.
The steel beams for the structure were custom built in Belgium and shipped over to Orlando.
According to WWE Magazine, the amount of pyrotechnics used would be ten times that of the amount used on Raw.
Without the restriction of a roof, the pyrotechnics for the show shot as high as 2,000 ft as compared to WrestleMania 23's height of 150 ft.
The fireworks were set off from boats on one of the lakes nearby the stadium.
WWE has been said to have spent an estimated $300,000 on the fireworks alone.
After the show, WWE was criticized for a malfunction in the pyrotechnics during The Undertaker's victory celebration.
During the celebration, a hot cable for pyrotechnics was sent flying into audience members in the upper seating bowl of the stadium, leaving 45 injured with some hospitalized.
The accident was apparently due to a cable which fireworks were travelling across snapping, thus resulting in the fireworks exploding into the top rows of the upper bowl of the stadium.
WWE's corporate website released a statement afterwards stating that they will investigate the incident.
With the Citrus Bowl's locker rooms on the south side and the entrance set on the north side, a tented 40,000 ft² mini-city outside the north end served as the show's backstage area and included air conditioning, trailers, VIP areas, showers and restrooms.
As a consequence, the road next to the north end zone, W. Church Street, was closed down until a day after the event.
Numerous other roads were also closed to allow trucks and fork lifts to move in mega equipment for the event.
The ring itself was built on the 50-yard line of the Citrus Bowl to give the best view for fans.
Heavy-duty plastic flooring had been put over the field, to protect the turf, provide seating and serve as the steel structures' foundation.
Development on the set design began in the middle of 2007.
The building of the actual set began in the middle of March.
100 people worked 16 hours a day to construct the set for the event.
The construction finished on March 29.
WrestleMania XXIV was the first WrestleMania event to be filmed in high-definition.
It will also be the first WWE show to be released on the Blu-ray Disc format by WWE Home Video.
Dark match: Kane won an 24-man Interpromotional Battle Royal
Kane won by last eliminating Mark Henry to gain a ECW Championship match against Chavo Guerrero later on that night.
The other participants were: Elijah Burke, Lance Cade, Deuce, Domino, Tommy Dreamer, Jim Duggan, Festus, The Great Khali, Hardcore Holly, Jesse, Brian Kendrick, Kofi Kingston, The Miz, Shannon Moore, Trevor Murdoch, Jamie Noble, Chuck Palumbo, Cody Rhodes, Snitsky, Stevie Richards, Val Venis and Jimmy Wang Yang.
Order of elimination: Deuce, Domino, Jim Duggan, Stevie Richards, Elijah Burke, The Miz, Shannon Moore, Jimmy Wang Yang, Jesse, Lance Cade, Trevor Murdoch, Val Venis, Festus, Brian Kendrick, Kofi Kingston, Cody Rhodes, Jamie Noble, Chuck Palumbo, The Great Khali, Hardcore Holly, Tommy Dreamer, Snitsky and Mark Henry.
This match was held before WrestleMania, streamed live as a "FreeView" on WWE.com.
John "Bradshaw" Layfield won against Finlay (w/Hornswoggle) in a Belfast Brawl
JBL pinned Finlay after a Clothesline from Hell.
CM Punk won against Shelton Benjamin, Chris Jericho, Carlito, Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP), Mr. Kennedy and John Morrison in a Money in the Bank ladder match
Punk won by finding the briefcase suspended above the ring.
During the match, Matt Hardy returned to action and knocked MVP off a ladder with a Twist of Fate.
Batista defeated Umaga
Batista pinned Umaga after a Batista Bomb.
Kane won against Chavo Guerrero to win the ECW Championship (0:08)
Kane pinned Guerrero after a Chokeslam.
Shawn Michaels won against Ric Flair
Michaels pinned Flair after executing Sweet Chin Music twice.
Per the pre-match stipulation, Flair was forced to retire.
Beth Phoenix and Melina (w/Santino Marella) defeated Maria and Ashley in a Playboy BunnyMania Lumberjack match
Phoenix pinned Maria after a Fisherman suplex.
Snoop Dogg served as the Master of Ceremonies for the match.
Candice Michelle was originally scheduled to be Maria's partner, but suffered a legit clavicle injury and was replaced by Ashley.
Lumberjacks: Cherry, Eve Torres, Michelle McCool, Victoria, Mickie James, Jillian Hall, Katie Lea Burchill, Kelly Kelly, Layla and Maryse.
Randy Orton won against Triple H and John Cena in a Triple Threat match to retain the WWE Championship
Orton pinned Cena after a Pedigree from Triple H.
Floyd Mayweather, Jr. won against The Big Show in a No Disqualification match via knockout
Big Show failed to answer a ten-count after Mayweather hit him with brass knuckles.
The Undertaker defeated Edge to win the World Heavyweight Championship
Undertaker forced Edge to submit with the Gogoplata (this move has since been named "Hell's Gate").
The Official Website of WrestleMania XXIV
WrestleMania 24
2008 in professional wrestling
Sports in Orlando, Florida
2008 in American television
2000s in Orlando, Florida
2008 in Florida
A Nazim is a person who is responsible for administration of cities, districts and the Union Councils of Pakistan.
The job of a Nazim is similar to that of a mayor.
Pakistani people
The Dogon are a group of people who live in Mali in West Africa.
They live south of the River Niger near the city of Bandiagara.
They are famous for their types of stories, dancing, buildings and art.
They make wooden statues.
Ipswich is a large town in the East Anglian county of Suffolk England.
It is the county town of Suffolk.
It is near the estuary of the River Orwell.
117,069 people live there.
In the Tudor period Ipswich was famous for the Wool Trade and there are still a lot of Tudor buildings which survive to this day.
Thomas Wolsey, who was a famous adviser to Henry VIII was born in Ipswich.
In modern times Ipswich became infamous as in 2006 a serial killer murdered five sex workers over a short space of time.
The town is home to Ipswich Town F.C., an association football team.
They play in the town at a stadium called Portman Road.
Self-esteem is the way people think about themselves and how worthwhile they feel.
Psychologists use the word self-esteem to describe whether someone likes them self or not.
Someone with high self-esteem might think that they are good at things and are worthwhile and they are confident in the things that they do.
Someone with low self-esteem might think that they are bad at things and worthless.
Different psychologists have different ways of measuring self-esteem, and many people do not agree with what it means.
Some people think that self-esteem is linked to depression, eating disorders and bullying.
Some people may also injure themselves if they suffer from a low self-esteem.
Freetown Christiania, commonly just called Christiania, is a Danish special community.
The village is partially self-governing with 850 inhabitants, and has an area of 85 acres near the capital of Denmark, Copenhagen.
The Freetown has often been in the centre of controversies since its creation in an empty military area in 1971.
In the Freetown, cannabis was legal until 2004.
Inhabitants of Christiania are called "Christianites".
Christiania has become home to several businesses such as carpenters, blacksmiths, a bikeshop, as well as several cafés, restaurants, jazz, blues and night clubs.
Area protection
In 2007, the National Heritage Agency proposed protection status for some of military buildings, now in Christiania.
Den grå hal ('The grey hall')
Den grønne hal ('The green hall'), originally a smaller riding house
Mælkebøtten ('The dandelion')
The Commander's house
The 17th and 18th century powder magazines on the bastions.
Born of Christiania
After the military had left, the area was only guarded by a few watchmen and sometimes of homeless people went in the area for sleep or for living there.
On 4 September, 1971, neighbours of the area broke down a wall for making a place where their children could play.
On 26 September, 1971, Christiania was opend to people by Jacob Ludvigsen, a well-known provo and journalist who published a magazine called Hovedbladet ('The main paper').
In the paper, Ludvigsen wrote an article in which he and five others went on exploration into what he called 'The Forbidden City of the Military'.
The spirit of Christiania quickly developed into one of the hippie movement, the squatter movement, collectivism and anarchism, in contrast to the site's previous military use.
Meditation and yoga have always been popular activities for the Christianites, and for many years Christiania had their own internationally acclaimed theater group Solvognen, who, beyond their theater performances, also staged many happenings in Copenhagen and even throughout Sweden.
Ludvigsen had always talked about drugs, hard drugs (now are illegal in Christiania) and soft drugs.
The "problem" of drugs made Christiania really famous, and the most know part of the Freetown.
The neighbourhood of the Freetown is accessible through many entrances and cars are not allowed.
Danish authorities have repeatedly removed the large stones blocking the main entrance claiming they need access to the area for fire trucks and ambulances in the event of a fire or medical emergency, yet the residents respond by placing them back each time as they feel attacks by the authorities.
The people in Christiania have developed their rules, without the Danish government.
The rules forbid stealing, violence, guns, knives, bulletproof and hard drugs.
A famous street in the Freetown is known as Pusher Street, where hash and Skunk weed were sold openly from permanent stands until 2004, it nevertheless does have rules forbidding hard drugs, such as cocaine, speed, ecstasy and heroin.
The commerce is not really clean, but since the rules require a consensus they cannot be removed unless everybody agrees.
The Since 1994, residents have paid taxes and fees for water, electricity, trash disposal, etc.
The future of the area remains in doubt.
In the street photos are forbidden.
Important pieces of the Freetown's History
2005 shooting and murder
On April 24, 2005, a 26-year-old Christiania resident was killed and three other residents injured in a violent gang assassination on Pusher Street.
The reason for this was a fight between few Christianites and people from the hash, market of Copenhagen.
Riots after demolition of house
On May 14, 2007 workers from the governmental Forest and Nature Agency with help from the police, entered Christiania to destroy the abandoned building of Cigarkassen ('the cigar box').
They were met by angry and scared Christianites who feared that the police were going to demolish other houses too.
Road blocks were built and the trucks were sabotaged so that they could not move.
After the police then entered the Freetown and Christianites attacked the policemen with fireworks and stones, and built barricades in the street outside Christiania gate.
The police used tear gas on the people.
The police later had to retreat from Christiania.
The riot continued over night.
At the entrances the Christianites bombarded the police with stones and Molotov cocktails forcing them to retreat.
More than 50 Christiania activists and rioters from outside were arrested.
Gay house
Since the 1970s the Gay House (Bøssehuset), one of Christiania's autonomous institutions, had been a centre for gay activism, parties and theatre.
The house was very famous in Denmark for humorist and artistic variety shows, and became a meeting point for all homosexuals in Copenhagen.
During the 1980s and 1990s the original pioneers aging and some deceased, the house was left with little activity which was not revived until the early 2000s, when a group of young gay performers and activists, Dunst, were invited to take over the house so it could remain a centre for gay creativity.
However, after 9 months they were asked to leave Christiania again.
Primarily due to noise complaints.
According to Dunst, neighbors would never readily accept them and the newcomers were accused of not understanding "the Christiania lifestyle" despite Dunst claim that they introduced a democratic management form and established open workshops for photography, art, music, dance, video.
In 2004 Dunst participated in 'Christiania Distortion' (an event supported by Christiania) in a bus circling around the Freetown.
A Biker gang in the Freetown
Around 1984 a biker gang had arrived in Christiania and conquered a part of the hash market.
Violence on the premises increased at this period and many Christianites felt unsafe and unhappy with the new residents.
This resulted in sabotage acts directed towards the bikers as well as the publication of several provocative manuscripts urging the Christianites to throw out the powerful and armed bikers.
This tension culminated when the police found a murdered individual who had been sliced to pieces and buried beneath the floor of a building.
Christiania reacted with two colossal community meetings—one outside the building—where it was agreed that the bikers had to leave.
They did, and have never returned.
Cars in the Freetown
In Christiania cars are prohibited.
However, 132 cars are owned by residents and need to be parked on the streets near the Freetown.
In 2005, a parking space for only 14 cars outside the Freetown was created.
In 2001 a few residents in one of Christiania's sections proposed to construct a parking lot for their cars which was rejected by other Christiania residents.
Since its opening, Christiania has been famous for its open cannabis trade, taking place in the famous central street called 'Pusher Street' - now Green Zone.
Since 2003, however, the 'officially' open hash trade has been ended by authorities.
However cannabis is still sold in the Freetown.
Hard drugs, including heroin and cocaine, have been banned from Christiania since 1979 by the community's own rules.
Governmental measures
In January 2006, the government proposed that Christiania would be turned into a mixed alternative community and residential area adding condominiums for 400 new residents.
Current residents, now paying DKK 1450 (USD 250) per month, would be allowed to remain but need to begin paying normal rent for the facilities.
Christiania has rejected this, fearing the Freetown would turn into a normal Copenhagen neighborhood.
In particular, the concept of privately owned dwellings is claimed to be incompatible with Christiania's collective ownership.
Architectural competition
In order to present a reasonable use of area after an eventual "cleaning", the Danish government commissioned an architectural competition.
17 proposals were received, of which only eight have met the formal competition requirements.
All of the proposals were rejected by ojudges.
The cost of the architectural competition was 850,000 Danish Kroner (113,000 Euro, 145,000 USD).
Christiania you have my Heart , Documentary 1991 (google video)
Danish Palaces and Properties Agency about Christiania
Loppen - Rock and blues venue in Christiania
Article about Christiania , The Independent (UK), May 31, 2007.
Buildings and structures in Denmark
Politics of Denmark
I'm Not There is a Golden Globe Award-winning and Academy Award-nominated 2007 American biographical drama movie that is inspired by the life of musician Bob Dylan.
Dylan is played by seven different actors in the movie: Marcus Carl Franklin, Ben Whishaw, Heath Ledger, Christian Bale, Richard Gere, and Cate Blanchett, who play people like Dylan but with different names.
Christian Bale as Jack Rollins/Pastor John
Cate Blanchett as Jude Quinn
Marcus Carl Franklin as "Woody Guthrie"
Richard Gere as Billy the Kid
Heath Ledger as Robbie Clark
Ben Whishaw as "Arthur Rimbaud"
Charlotte Gainsbourg as Claire (= Sara Dylan) and/or Suze Rotolo
David Cross as Allen Ginsberg
Bruce Greenwood as Keenan Jones/Pat Garrett
Julianne Moore as Alice Fabian (= Joan Baez)
Michelle Williams as Coco Rivington (=Edie Sedgwick)
Kim Gordon as Carla Hendricks
Alison Folland as Grace
Mark Camacho as Norman
Benz Antoine as Bobby Seale/Rabbit Brown
Craig Thomas as Huey Newton
Eugene Brotto as Peter Orlovsky
Richie Havens as Old Man Arvin
Kim Roberts as Mrs. Arvin
Tyrone Bensin as Mr. Arvin
Yolonda Ross as Angela
Peter Friedman as Barker/Morris Bernstein
Joe Cobden as Sonny
Kristen Hager as Mona
Fanny La Croix as Actress playing Alice Fabian
Dennis St John as Captain Henry/The Admiral
Kris Kristofferson as The Narrator
Trailer on YouTube
I'm Not There Trailer  on IGN
I'm Not There on Yahoo!
Photo of Cate Blanchett in costume and article
toddhaynes.net - I'm Not There information and discussion
DVD Talk talks about Cate Blanchett in I'm Not There.
Director Todd Haynes talks about I'm Not There at the 2007 New York Film Festival
Essay on I'm Not There
2007 drama movies
A lanthanide is one of a group of 15 elements that have atomic numbers 57 to 71.
This is also known as the lanthanide series or lanthanoid series.
This group starts at lanthanum and it ends at lutetium.
All lanthanoids are f-block elements, meaning that electrons fill the 4f electron shell, except for lutetium which is a d-block lanthanoid.
The lanthanoid series (Ln) is named after lanthanum.
Lanthanides are metals that are related to each other in how they behave.
Most of them slowly turn into their hydroxides when they are placed into water, like the alkali metals.
They usually form a coating of oxide when placed in the air, like most metals.
Lanthanides, with Scandium and Yttrium, are called rare earth elements.
All the lanthanoids are silvery white soft metals and tarnish rapidly in air.
The hardness increases with increasing atomic number.
Lanthanides are not abundant, and only small amounts are mined.
Some have various uses in magnets, superconductors, chemical catalysts, and optical equipment such as lasers.
The New Zealand Story is a video game released by the Taito Corporation in 1988.
This game was released for coin operated machines, home computers and game consoles.
Ungdomshuset (in English: "the Youth House") was the popular name of the building formally named Folkets Hus ("House of the People") on Jagtvej 69 in Nørrebro, Copenhagen.
The Ungdomshuset was a meeting point for many anarchists, for the music in the underground scene and leftist groups from 1982 until 2007, when after a long conflict between the municipal government of Copenhagen and the people living there, was smashed.
Police started to clear the building early on Thursday, 1 March 2007.
Demolition began on 5 March 2007 and was completed two days later.
Ever since the eviction in March 2007, former users and supporters have held weekly demonstrations for a new Ungdomshuset, the demonstrations starting from nearby square 'Blågårds Plads' every Thursday at 5 p.m. and going to various places in Copenhagen.
The starting point has recently been changed to Gammel Torv in response to the demonstraters saying they are getting closer to the politicians concerning a solution for a new Ungdomshus at an old school.
In the summer of 2007, an iniative known as G13 wanted to squat an old public waterwork on Grøndalsvænge Allé 13 in northwestern Copenhagen to be used as a new Ungdomshuset, the squat was non-violent, but was met with heavy opposition from the police who arrested 436 people and threw large amounts of tear gas
The building was completed on 12 November 1897, with the name "Folkets Hus" (The People's House).
The house functioned as one of the resorts for the then-incipient labour movement of Copenhagen.
Since labour organisations were unpopular in the eyes of the authorities.
Years later the place helped poor people and was used for others uses.
In 1918 when workers stormed the Danish Stock Exchange (Børsen).
In 1910, The Second International held an International Women's conference at the house, during which Clara Zetkin launched the idea of an International Women's Day.
Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg visited the centre.
During the 1950s it was still primarily used by the different sections, associations and unions of the labour movement.
All kinds of different activities took place: for example, boxing matches and end-of-season dances.
Several years later Brugsen, a Danish chain of co-operative supermarkets, bought Folkets Hus, for makin a cheap supermarket.
However, as this was prohibited by authorities for the historic importance of the place, so Brugsen sold the ground to the folk music ensemble Tingluti in 1978.
The Tingluti sold the ground to the municipality of Copenhagen after few time.
The price at the time was DKK 700,000.
In 1982 Folkets Hus was assigned to a group of young people — the original founders of Ungdomshuset — however the municipality of Copenhagen still owned the building.
It was at this time that the building was given its current name: Ungdomshuset.
Nick Cave and Björk played there.
In January 1996 Ungdomshuset was ravaged by a fire.
It also had fungus and rot.
The municipality of Copenhagen made plans to renovate the building for safety reasons, but encountered resistance from the occupants.
In 1999 the building was put on sale to the highest bidder by the municipality, but same this time occupants opposed to the thing, and for jocking put over the build a large banner with the message "For sale along with 500 autonome, stone throwing, violent psychopaths from hell.".
After that a company called Human A/S bought the building in December 2000 (although ownership did not actually change hands until 2001), after which Human A/S was sold to the independent Christian sect "Faderhuset.
Until 1 March 2007 the young squatters used the house as if the change of ownership had not happened and the new owners were not allowed inside at any time.
The Ungdomshuset received more than 500 visitors a week.
Demolition of Ungdomshuset began at 8:00 am on 5 March 2007.
The demolition was broadcast live by webcam on TV2 News' website.
After the demolition of Ungdomshuset many riots began near the area for many days.
Many cars were smashed and burned against the police.
A women's demonstration took place on 8 March, comprising more than 3 000 people.
The police carried out systematic identity controls.
In total, more than 750 people were arrested during the events (among them, about 140 foreigners).
On 16 March, 2007, Danish police admitted to having mistakenly used a potentially lethal form of teargas.
The gas, known as Ferret 40, was used against crowds during the riots following the demolition, although it is designed to penetrate doors and walls.
Autonomism
Battle of Ryesgade
Turbonegro (first show at the Ungdomshuset in 1989)
Photos from Ungdomshuset, Nathue.dk
Violent demonstration in central Copenhagen
Photo gallery of the riots on 16 December 2006
Photo gallery featuring three ungdomshuset demos in 2006
English translation of events in Copenhagen from 1st March 2007 onwards
Has Ungdomshuset Reached the End of Its Road? ,
Ungdomhuset's interview in Indymedia 30.11.2006
Ungdomshuset Raid  (Indymedia DK)
G13: initiative for a new Ungdomshuset
2000s disestablishments in Denmark
The word naib (نائب) is an Arabic word meaning someone who is second in command.
Naib, the name given to the rulers of Massawa, Africa who served the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century.
Naib, a local leader in Dagestan.
Naib, the title given to the leader of Fremen (freemen)  on the planet Arrakis in the science fiction Dune universe written by Frank Herbert.
In the story the word "Naib" means servant.
en:Nawab#Naib
Bagh is a Union Council of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.