the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
When elected Pope in 1534 he appointed two nephews, aged 14 and 16, as cardinals.
The practice was finally ended when Pope Innocent XII issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem, in 1692.
The papal bull prohibited popes in all times from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative, with the exception that one qualified relative (at most) could be made a cardinal.
In the modern world, nepotism is thought to be wrong, and conflicts with the principle of merit, where the best person gets the job (meritocracy).
The argument against the widespread nepotism in countries like Italy is that it damages the economy of the country, though that is difficult to prove.
A mindset is a state that usually a majority of people would have in a particular time or occasion.
It is formed from things that people are convinced about.
It is like a collected norm.
Mindset can also be about how people see their abilities.
In this sense, people have two types of mindsets: fixed and growth mindsets.
Psychologist Carol Dweck explains that students with fixed mindset believe their basic abilities, their intelligence, their talents, are just fixed characteristics .
They have a certain amount and they improve, and then their goal becomes to look smart all the time and never look dumb.
In a growth mindset students understand that their talents and abilities can be developed through effort, good teaching and working hard.
They don't necessarily think everyone's the same or anyone can be Einstein, but they believe everyone can get smarter if they work at it.
An existential crisis is the feeling that is experienced when thinking about life itself being without any meaning at all.
It also happens when the thinking involves a person's own death while all alone with anxiety, fear and possibly miserable.
Larry Wall (born September 27, 1954) is an American programmer, best known for creating the programming language Perl.
He worked at NASA for a short time.
He is currently working on a new version of Perl.
Philosophy of mind is one part of philosophy that works with the mind.
It is about thinking how the mind works, and how it relates to the world.
It also deals with consciousness, which is also researched in psychology and physics.
Mind-body problem
The mind-body problem is the main problem that is talked about in philosophy of mind.
It is the problem of how our minds and our bodies are related, and what exactly the mind is.
Many different answers have been come up with to solve the mind-body problem.
Most of them fall into the two groups of dualism and monism.
Dualism is the belief that minds and bodies are separate things.
One of the main dualist views comes from René Descartes and is named Cartesian dualism after him.
It is also called substance dualism because he thought that minds and bodies were two completely different substances (like matter) in the world.
Monism is the opposite of dualism because it is the belief that minds and bodies are not separate things.
Many monist views are called materialism because they think that minds are not anything different from matter just like bodies.
Jamaican English is a variety of English spoken in Jamaica.
It uses parts of both American and British English.
A human powered aircraft is an aircraft that is powered entirely or partly by the pilot(s).
Several human powered aircraft have been constructed in the past 30 years for recreation or to win prizes.
Designing a successful human-powered aircraft is difficult because a very large power to weight ratio must be achieved.
This has been the reason why many of these aircraft use advanced composite materials in their construction.
There are human-powered aircraft being designed and made now.
One aircraft is being built by Virginia Tech University named the Iron Butterfly.
Another one is being built by the Pennsylvania State University named the Zephyrus.
History of man-powered flight
Chronology and pictures
Blue Falkor Human Powered Aircraft project at TU Delft The Netherlands
Pennsylvania State University is a college in the state of Pennsylvania.
The main campus is in the city of State College, Pennsylvania and it has branch campuses around the state.
It was founded in 1855.
In 1863, the Pennsylvania state legislature picked the school to be the state's only land grant college.
Its purpose is to do teaching, research, and public service.
It teaches undergraduate, graduate, professional and continuing education students both in classrooms and online.
Penn State University Park is ranked among the top-fifteen public universities in the United States.
Annual enrollment at the main campus totals more than 44,000 graduate and undergraduate students, making it one of the largest universities in the United States.
It has the world's largest dues-paying alumni association.
The university's total enrollment in 2009–10 was approximately 94,300 across its 24 campuses and online through its World Campus.
The university offers more than 160 majors among all its campuses Penn State has a US$1.52 billion (as of April 30, 2010) endowment.
The university's research budget was more than $765 million for the 2009-2009 fiscal year.
In fiscal year 2008, the National Science Foundation ranked Penn State 11th among U.S. universities in research income.
Penn State is a school known for its football team.
Penn State is a member of the Big Ten Conference.
Organization and administration
It receives money from the Commonwealth.
The state appoints 10 out of 32 people on its board of trustees.
Penn State is  independent and not subject to the state's direct control.
For the 2006–2007 fiscal year, the university received 9.7 percent of its budget from state appropriations, the lowest of the four state-related institutions in Pennsylvania.
As Pennsylvania's land grant college, the state and federal governments provide matching funds for research and cooperative extension in agriculture, home economics and related fields.
The board of trustees selects a president of the University.
The president controls the university, including day-to-day management.
In practice, the president gives power to other departments of the administration, to the faculty, and to the student body.
Provost Rodney Erickson became interim President on November 9, 2011, after President Graham Spanier was fired.
The executive vice president and provost is the chief academic officer of the University.
As of 2011, the provost is Rodney Erickson, and the Associate Vice President and Senior Associate Dean For Undergraduate Education is Jeremy Cohen.
The football team was led by coach Joe Paterno for 45 years.
He was fired in 2011 along with the University President because they failed to report child abuse by a former assistant football coach.
Former coach Jerry Sandusky was arrested on child abuse charges for the period 1994 to 2009.
Both the Athletic Director and the vice president for business and finance were charged with perjury and resigned.
The next day about 2,000 students rioted in protest, supporting coach Paterno.
On November 11, the school staged a vigil to show support for the victims of child abuse.
The Education Secretary Arne Duncan said that colleges and universities have "a legal and moral responsibility to protect children", and that Penn State's failure to report the alleged abuse would be a "tragedy".
The NCAA is considering sanctions against Penn State.
Moody's Investors Service is reviewing Penn State's bond ratings for a possible downgrade.
On November 14, 2011, the Big Ten Conference announced that its Championship football trophy will no longer be named for Paterno.
On November 13, 2011, President Barack Obama said, "It's a good time for us to do some soul searching – every institution, not just Penn State – about what our priorities are, and making sure that we understand that our first priority is protecting our kids."
Penn State's sports teams are nicknamed Nittany Lions, except for the women's basketball team, which is known as the Lady Lions.
Almost all teams play in the Big Ten Conference.
Two teams in sports that the Big Ten does not sponsor play elsewhere.
The women's ice hockey team plays in College Hockey America and the men's volleyball team in the Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association.
The PSU Zephyrus is a human powered aircraft being built by students at the Pennsylvania State University.
This aircraft will be powered entirely by the one pilot on board.
Mark D. Maughmer currently gives advice to the team.
A social interaction or social relation is the way people talk and act with each other.
It may include interactions in a team, family or  bureaucracy.
It includes any relationship between two or more individuals.
Interstitial fluid is a type of fluid in the body.
It is found in the interstitial spaces or tissue spaces - the fluid-filled areas that surround cells.
It makes up about 3/4 of all extracellular fluid.
Its main purpose is provide cells with nutrients and assist the cells in waste removal.
Extracellular fluid is body fluid that exists outside cells.
It makes up about one-third (1/3) of all body water.
Fairness is the concept in sociology, law and generally in society, that something should be equal and not be a contradiction to accepted standards.
It's related to justice in both the legal and sociological sense.
Fairness is also treating others equally or in a way that is considered right or reasonable.
Fairness can mean sameness where everything is kept equal by being the same.
Fairness can also mean "deservedness" meaning a person gets what they deserve.
People who are successful by working hard get what they deserve.
People who are lazy and do not work hard get less.
Fairness can also be based on need.
Those who have more should give more to help others.
This is based on the concept that people have obligations to each other.
Judges, lawmakers, referees and teachers are among those expected to be fair in their decisions.
Fairness is keeping decisions free from any form of discrimination.
In the United States fairness has long been a battle between equality and equity.
Equality is the idea everyone should have an equal opportunity.
If all the horses in a race start from the same point, the horse that wins is the fastest.
Equity is the idea that adjustments need to be made to make things fair for both entities.
One should get more than the other because that would be fair in this sense.
For example, in the game of golf, when playing a skilled golfer, a less skilled golfer may be given a "handicap" (extra points) at the start of the game.
This is to help make the final score fair for both players.
Cross-cultural psychology is the study of the difference cultures can have on psychology.
The environment, societal customs and changes in the overall structure of different countries may affect the psychology of individuals distinctly.
It has relations in anthropology and sociological psychology.
Evolutionary psychology is a branch of psychology which investigates behaviour which has evolved.
It is similar in this respect to ethology, which has always used ideas from evolutionary biology.
This field seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations, that is, functional products of natural selection or sexual selection.
Evolutionary psychology usually focuses on behaviour most people share.
Some of the more common areas evolutionary psychology is focused on are sex, and social behaviour.
Events like violent behaviour need explanation in evolutionary terms.
Evolutionary psychology is related to other fields of science like sociobiology, social psychology, and sociocultural anthropology.
Evolutionary psychologists argue that much of human behaviour is the result of adaptations which evolved to solve recurrent problems in human ancestral environments.
The adaptationist approach is steadily increasing as an influence in the general field of psychology.
Evolutionary psychologists hold that behaviours or traits which occur universally in all cultures are good candidates for evolutionary adaptations.
This includes our ability to infer others' emotions, discern kin from non-kin, identify and prefer healthier mates, and cooperate with others.
They report successful tests of theoretical predictions related to such topics as infanticide, intelligence, marriage patterns, promiscuity, perception of beauty, bride price and parental investment.
"The recognition that psychological mechanisms are evolved adaptations connects evolutionary biology to psychology in the strongest possible fashion, allowing everything we know about the study of adaptations to be applied to the study of psychological mechanisms".
Barkow, Jerome H; Cosmides, Lena & Tooby, John (eds) 1992.
The adapted mind: evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture.
Buss, David 2011.
Evolutionary psychology: the new science of the mind.
4th ed, Pearson.
Frans de Waal 2012 Moral behavior in animals
The University of Waterloo is a school that you attend after high school.
It is in the Southwest of Ontario.
This university is marked the 5th best university in Canada.
This university is very large.
It was founded in 1957.
The University of Waterloo holds many contests in mathematics for students in high school.
Some contests let you choose the correct answer out of many wrong answers ( multiple choice ), and for other contests one must write the whole answer and how it was found.
Anybody in Canada can take these contests.
Each contest is named after famous mathematicians, such as Galois or Fermat.
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
http://www.4icu.org/ca/
http://www.4icu.org/reviews/618.htm
Tarja Turunen (b. August 17, 1977 near Kitee) is a Finnish singer and songwriter.
She is a mezzo and lyric soprano and has a vocal range of eight octaves.
People know her for her work with symphonic metal band Nightwish.
She was the first singer of the band.
She was dismissed from the band in the end of 2007, due to musical differences.
and started making her own music.
Because of her soprano voice, she even sings heavy metal songs in a classical way.
She was one of the first singers to do this, which made other people want to make similar music.
In 2006 she made a wonderful Christmas album, called "Henkäys Ikuisuudesta".
In November 2007, she came out with her first metal album, My Winter Storm, which had a lot of different music types on it like rock and heavy metal.
In 2010 she made "What Lies Beneath", her second metal album without Nightwish.
She played some concerts in Europe, and was in well known heavy metal festivals.
She made a whole tour for these two albums.
In August 2013, she made her third metal album, "Colours in the Dark", which is a very optimistic album and in August 2016, she made her fourth metal album, "The Shadow Self", which is also very optimistic.
In December 2017, she made her second magical Christmas album, called "From Spirits and Ghosts (Score for a Dark Christmas)".
Finnish singers
Gerontocracy is a system of government in which old people make the policies and control the country.
It may be ageist as much as it may be conservative.
Ageism is when a person is treated badly only because of their age.
Ageism can be discrimination by one person or by a part of society as a group.
Discrimination is when a person is left out or abused by somebody who does not like something about them.
For example,  their facial features, their height or their skin.
There have been many issues at the British broadcasting company, BBC, dealing with people saying that they have issues with ageism.
Ageism is often common in the entertainment industry where what a person looks like is felt by many to be important.
There are two targets for age discrimination: old people (also called senior citizens) and young people.
Discrimination against old and young people can happen at places like job interviews.
For example, a company might hire a worker who is about 30 years old instead of someone who is about 50 years old, or someone who is around 20 years old, regardless of skill level.
Another common example of ageism is not allowing "minors", or young people, to vote, drink, drive, work, marry, gamble, or give sexual consent.
Physiocracy is (or was) a government basing its economical policies on natural order.
The economists thought that wealth came mostly from agriculture.
It is also an economic theory developed by the physiocrats.
Technocracy is a government by scientific method and controlled by technical people.
These people include engineers, (who make, build, and maintain engines, machines, public works, and other technologies). "
Technocrats" want to improve social and political problems based on technical and "scientific" (technological) solutions.
They promise to help solve these problems concerning industries (big business), trade, and how to create and distribute wealth using scientific management.
A method of study that uses time and motion to work out the most efficient ways to do something, mainly repeated, routine motions.
The man that made the theory of Scientific Management was named Frederick W. Taylor.
However, Scientific Management was still trying to fix social and political problems with technical solutions.
Many of the technological solutions may have solved one problem, while creating many more.
Technocrats believed that management could replace politics.
Administration is based on the application of rules that make certain outcomes, there are too many different points of view for the management approach to work.
Timocracy is the rule of only people who have property.
It can also mean that the rulers are motivated by honour (where 'timo' comes from, in Greek).
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound.
It has the chemical formula KNO3.
It contains potassium and nitrate ions.
It is often called saltpeter.
Potassium nitrate is a colorless solid.
It dissolves in water.
It is a common source of the nitrate ion.
Potassium nitrate is a strong oxidizer.
It decomposes to potassium nitrite and oxygen when heated.
Its pH is almost neutral.
It burns with a lilac flame.
It can be made by reacting ammonium nitrate with potassium hydroxide.
It can also be made by reacting potassium chloride with ammonium nitrate.
It might be made by reacting potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate with nitric acid.
Saltpeter is a mineral form of potassium nitrate.
It is only found in very dry areas.
It is one of the few minerals that have nitrogen in them.
Potassium nitrate is used in explosives.
Oxygen from the air is the most common chemical that is used for oxidation, which is how most fires and explosions happen.
Some explosions will use up oxygen so quickly, though, that there is not enough to finish the reaction, and the explosion is not very strong.
Potassium nitrate replaces the need for oxygen and takes up much less space, which lets the explosion be stronger and faster.
It is a main ingredient of gunpowder.
Potassium nitrate is also used in rocket fuel for the same reason as in explosives, except that the goal is to let the fuel burn longer, not faster.
Potassium nitrate is used as a fertilizer, to help plants grow faster and grow in more places where it might be hard for them to grow otherwise.
It can also be used to decay tree stumps.
Potassium nitrate is a poison and will cause permanent injury when improperly handled.
It also can start fires and explosions easily.
Endoxa was a concept Aristotle talked about.
It refers to the opinion not of individuals (which he contrasts by naming that 'doxa') but the consensus of the population and wise people with a supposed more valid opinion than that of the individual.
Corpus (plural corpora) is Latin for body.
Corpus Christi (disambiguation)
Corpus (linguistics)
Text corpus, a large set of text, usually organized by topic or by where the text came from
Speech corpus, a similar large set of audio files/recordings
Corpus callosum, a structure in the brain
Corpora cavernosa, a pair of structures in human genitals
Habeus corpus, a legal term that stops police from holding a suspect for too long
Corpus delicti, a legal term meaning "body of the crime."
Corpus luteum, a hormone gland in mammals
Delegation is when an authority or someone generally needed to do something (like in diplomacy) asks someone else to go instead who could do the same job (it could be a deputy or a 'proxy', in politics mostly).
Marina Rikhvanova is a Russian ecologist and leader of the Baikal Ecological Wave (BEW) organization which protects Siberia’s Lake Baikal from ecological damage.
Lake Baikal, the world’s biggest reservoir of fresh water, is currently under threat from industrial pollution.
In 2008, Rikhvanova was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize.
The Icelandic Wikipedia () is the Icelandic-language edition of Wikipedia.
This edition was started in December 2003.
It has over 50,000 articles.
Icelandic Wikipedia main page
Video game journalism is a branch of journalism that covers the reporting and discussion of video games.
Usually, it covers the revealing of new games, the preview of new games, and the reviewing of new games.
Recently, there has been a large growth in new online gaming websites and blogs.
History of print based gaming magazines
The first video gaming magazine that is still in publication is the industry-oriented (made for people who make video games) Play Meter magazine.
The first consumer (made for players of video games, not the people who make them) magazine specializing in video gaming was the U.K. magazine Computer and Video Gaming.
It began in November, 1981.
Two weeks later the first U.S. magazine, Electronic Games Magazine, was started.
The oldest consumer gaming magazine still sold today is Computer Gaming World.
History of web based gaming magazines
The first regularly published web based magazine was either Game Zero Magazine (went online in November 1994) or Intelligent Gamer Online (individual issues were downloadable in 1993  but the site was not online until April 1995).
Right now, online gaming magazines and websites have many advantages over print-based magazines.
New information on future releases can be placed on online publications immediately, but the publishers have to wait until the next issue to put new information in print based magazines.
Reviews from a publication that receives advertising money from a game developer or attends a large 'press day' party are usually considered to be suspicious.
Reviews by 'official' console magazines, such as Nintendo Power, Official Playstation Magazine, or Official Xbox Magazine, are considered to be biased toward games on their own console, and toward first-party games.
One industry and marketing magazine, MCV, has been accused of requiring developers to pay protection money for positive coverage.
Developers often do not give exclusive material or advertising money to magazines that do not give good reviews to their games or follow other wishes.
Time Spent on the Game
Getting a complete sense of a game can take far more than one playthrough.
Many games, such as RPGs and strategy games, can take hundreds of hours to play.
However, journalists often do not have much time to finish their reviews.
In March 2006, a case where a reviewer only spent three hours on a game with around 50 hours of gameplay was publicized.
Reviewing Unfinished Games
There have been several instances of reviewers reviewing a game when they only had access to a beta version of a game.
An unfinished version of Grand Theft Auto 4 was given a 10/10 by the Official Xbox 360 Magazine.
Lack of Familiarity with a genre or Lack of Skill
Reviewers often review games in genres that they are unfamiliar with.
Often, games are uncompleted due to the short amount of time that a reviewer has to complete a review.
A famous case of lack of gaming skill was when Dan Amrich gave Space Giraffe a 2/10 in the Official Xbox Magazine despite receiving a very low score in the game and not getting any achievements.
New Games Journalism
New Games Journalism is a term that was first used in 2004 by journalist Kieron Gillen.
In New Games Journalism, personal experiences with a game, other personal experiences, and references to other types of media are used to explore the design, play, and culture of a game.
This type of journalism focuses more on the subjective experience of an individual playing a game rather that an objectively reviewing the gameplay of a game.
New games journalism has been criticized for wasting the reader's time with useless information, and for giving the reader a bad review of the mechanics, play control, and A.I. of a game.
Notable Publications
Official PlayStation Magazine
Official Xbox Magazine
Gamespy
Joystiq
Gamefaqs
Beyond 3D
Insert Credit
Actionbutton.net
Insomnia.ac
SHMUPS!
Trade publications
Print - Game Developer Magazine
Online - Gamasutra The largest games trade magazine (circ 35 000), and its associated website.
A focus on North America.
Online - NeoGAF
Print/Online - MCV UK trade publication (circ 10 000).
Usually, it is published weekly.
Online - GamesIndustry.biz Popular trade website for Europe.
Kleptocracy ('klepto' meaning 'theft' in Ancient Greek) is the ruling of possibly any kind of government that uses its power to steal from its people.
This rarely-applied word was used by Charles Krauthammer, the nationally syndicated Washington Post columnist and political commentator on Fox-TV, on Saturday, March 2, and Sunday, March 3, 2014.
He referred to Russia as a kleptocracy in a TV panel discussion about its influence in the revolution in the neighboring Ukraine in late February.
His political column added another derivation of this word: kleptocratic.
Group of States Against Corruption
International Anti-Corruption Academy
Fairfield is a town of Sauk County in the state of Wisconsin, United States.
About 1,000 people lived in Fairfield as of 2000.
Fairfield is the place where the "sand farm" was bought by Aldo Leopold in 1935.
Fairfield has an area of 35.6 square miles.
Sauk County, Wisconsin
Dahlia is a genus of plants with large brightly-colored flowers.
They are from Mexico, Central America, and Colombia.
There are at least 36 species of Dahlia.
Dahlia are often grown in flower gardens.
This flower grows well away from strong, direct sunlight.
cs:Dahlia
The Riemann hypothesis is a mathematical question (conjecture).
Lots of people think that finding a proof of the hypothesis is one of the hardest and most important unsolved problems of pure mathematics.
Pure mathematics is a type of mathematics that is about thinking about mathematics.
This is different from trying to put mathematics into the real world.
The answer to the Riemann hypothesis is "yes" or "no".
The conjecture is named after a man called Bernhard Riemann.
He lived in the 1800s.
The Riemann hypothesis asks a question about a special thing called the Riemann zeta function.
If the answer to the question is "yes", this would mean mathematicians can know more about prime numbers.
Specifically, it would help them know how to find prime numbers.
The Riemann hypothesis is so important, and so difficult to prove, that the Clay Mathematics Institute has offered $1,000,000 to the first person to prove it.
What is the Riemann hypothesis?
What is the Riemann zeta function?
The Riemann zeta function is a kind of function.
Functions are things in mathematics like equations.
Functions take in numbers and give you other numbers back.
This is like how you get a answer back when you ask a question.
The number you put in is called an "input".
The number you get back is called a "value".
Every input you put into the Riemann zeta function gives you a special value back.
You mostly get a different value for each input.
But each input gives you the same value every time you use it.
Both the input you give, and the value you get, from the Riemann zeta function are special numbers called complex numbers.
A complex number is a number with two parts, a real part and an imaginary part.
The imaginary part is called imaginary because you would have to "imagine" such a number as  that when multiplied by itself is equal to .
Because based on the rules of arithmetic  and  no such number could exist, it would have to be imagined.
Imaginary numbers have vast use in mathematics; without them a lot of technologies would not be possible.
As a tangible example, in order to use quadratic formula to solve some equations, the answer sometimes has to be an imaginary number, and historically this was the reason why imaginary numbers were invented in the first place.
What is a non-trivial root?
Sometimes when you put an input into the Riemann zeta function, you get the number zero back.
When this happens, you call that input a root of the Riemann zeta function.
You call the input a "root" when it gives you zero.
Lots of roots have been found.
But some roots are easier to find than others.
We call the roots "trivial" or "non-trivial".
We call a root "trivial" if it is easy to find.
But we call a root "non-trivial" if its hard to find.
The trivial roots are numbers called "negative even integers".
The reason we think they are easy is because they are easy to find.
There are neat rules that say what the trivial roots are.
We know what the trivial roots are because of the equation that Bernhard Riemann gave.
That equation was called "Riemann's functional equation".
How do we find non-trivial roots?
The non-trivial roots are harder to find.
They are harder to find than the trivial roots.
They don't have the same neat rules that say what they are.
Even though they are hard to find, lots of non-trivial roots have been found.
Remember that the value of the Riemann zeta function was a kind of number called a complex number.
And remember that complex numbers have two parts.
One of these parts is called the "real part".
We noticed an interesting thing about the real part of the non-trivial roots.
All the non-trivial roots we found have a real part that is the same number.
This number is 1/2, which is a fraction.
This takes us to Riemann's big question, which is about how big the real parts are.
This question is the Riemann hypothesis.
The question is "do all the non-trivial roots have real part 1/2?".
We are still trying to find out if the answer is "yes" or "no".
What do we know so far?
We do not know the answer to the question yet.
But we do know some good facts.
These facts might help us.
There is a way we can find facts about the real parts of the non-trivial roots.
This is with Riemann's special equation (Riemann's functional equation).
Riemann's functional equation tells us about the size of the real parts.
It says that all the non-trivial zeros have a real part close to 1/2.
It says how small the real parts can be, and how big they can be.
But it doesn't say exactly what they are.
Specifically, it says the real parts have to be bigger than 0.
But they have to be less than 1.
But we still don't know if there might be a non-trivial root with a real part very close to 1/2.
Maybe there is but we just have not found it yet.
The group of complex numbers that have a real part bigger than 0 but smaller than 1 is called the "critical strip".
The Riemann hypothesis in a picture
The picture in the top-right corner of this page shows the Riemann zeta function.
The non-trivial roots are shown with the white dots.
They look like they're all in a line down the very middle of the picture.
They're not too far to the left and not too far to the right.
The real part is how far left-to-right you are.
Being in the middle of the picture means they have a real part of 1/2.
So all the non-trivial roots in the picture have a real part of 1/2.
But our picture doesn't show everything because the Riemann zeta function is too big to show.
So what about the non-trivial roots above and below the picture?
Would they be in the middle too?
What if they break the pattern of being in the middle?
They could be slightly to the left or right.
The Riemann hypothesis asks if every non-trivial root (white dot) would be on the line down the middle.
If the answer is no, we say the "hypothesis is false".
This would mean that there are white dots which are not on the line given.
Millbury is a town of Worcester County in the state of Massachusetts, United States.
About 12,800 people lived in Millbury as of 2000.
1716 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
A shot glass is a small cup that people use to drink alcoholic drinks with.
Spirits are usually drunk out of shot glasses.
A person usually swallows everything in the glass at once.
de:Trinkglas#Schnapsglas
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or RPI is a private university in Troy, NY.
It was made in 1824 by Stephen Van Rensselaer because he wanted there to be schools that taught science and engineering.
It is the oldest engineering school in America.
Lots of students from RPI get jobs that pay a lot of money after they leave RPI.
Some people who went to RPI have started big companies like NVIDIA, John Wiley and Sons, and Texas Instruments.
George Low, an American who helped get spaceships into space, went to RPI.
What RPI focuses on has changed a lot since it was first made.
There still is a lot of engineering at the school, but now there is growing arts and social studies teaching at the school.
A big concert hall called EMPAC was opened in 2008 at RPI.
Most of RPI's sports teams play in NCAA Division III, which does not allow athletic scholarships.
The men's and women's ice hockey teams play as Division I teams in ECAC Hockey.
The hockey teams are can award scholarships because of a special NCAA rule.
Institute Archives and Special Collections
Not the Rensselaer Wiki
A Postcard History of RPI
1820s establishments in New York (state)
The Jack Russell Terrier is a small dog with a white coat that can be smooth or rough-coated.
Some have a broken coat that is also called "wire-haired".
The Jack Russell terrier were originally bred in England by the Reverend John Russell from about 1819.
The Jack Russell is sturdier than the standard terrier.
It is a fast runner, has a great nose and can hunt the fox even when it goes underground.
It can also be used as a work dog.
"Difficulty in telling the terrier from the creature it was bolting out of its den brought about the desire for a more white-bodied dog.
In all probability the English Black and Tan Terrier was crossed with the Old English White Terrier (both now extinct) to achieve the type of coat and colouring we have today in our Jack Russell Terriers".
As with other domesticated animals, there are numerous variations.
Differences in naming were caused by the different regulations of different kennel clubs.
Some dog clubs make a difference between what they call "Parson Jack Russell Terriers", which are over 12" (inches) at the shoulders, and "Jack Russell Terriers" which are under 12" in height.
Other clubs do not.
They are broadly the same type of dog.
It is easy to change the height of dogs by selective breeding, and the reason working dogs come in different sizes is to make them better at a particular job.
Taller terriers were used for hunting foxes, and smaller terriers were used for hunting rabbits and rodents.
"So historically the Jack Russell and the Parson are the same breed with their breed standards written by different groups of enthusiasts in different countries.
Today, the only actual difference is leg length".
Jack Russell Terrier Clubs
Jack Russell Terrier Club of America
Jack Russell Terrier Club of Canada
A Pictorial History of Working Terriers
Terrier Work Basics
Jack Russell Rescue Australia, the only Jack Russell Terrier Rescue group in Australia
Jack Russell Terrier Pictures & Info
Jack Russell Training and Raising Information
Dr James Mortimor comes to Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson to seek their help with the Baskerville family of Devon.
Sir Charles Baskerville, the last of his Baskerville family was an elderly man.
He believed that there was a curse on the family.
In 1647 his ancestor, Hugo Baskerville, had attempted to catch a young woman whom he carried off; the girl had died of fear while Hugo was killed by a gigantic hound.
Sir Charles Baskerville died of a heart attack while apparently fleeing a gigantic hound.
As he was unmarried with no heirs, his estate goes to his nephew, Henry Baskerville, of Canada who is arriving in London.
Although Holmes is not superstitious he does decide to take the case.
Upon meeting the heir, several odd things happen: an unsigned note is delivered to Henry Baskerville warning him to stay away from the moor; then Henry's shoes beginning missing and turning up; first a new shoe and then an old one;  lastly Holmes spots a stranger in a cab following Henry and Dr Mortimor.
Holmes cannot go to Devon so he sends Dr Watson in his place as both a bodyguard to Sir Henry and as a spy.
Dr Watson reports the eccentric happenings in Devon: the Baskerville's butler Barrymore and his wife who act strangely; Jack Stapleton an ex-schoolmaster and eccentric butterfly collector and his sister Beryl;  a local busybody/and crank Frankland and his estranged daughter Laura Lyons.
Lastly there is a deranged convict escapee named Sheldon on the moor.
Beryl Stapleton first mistakes Watson for Sir Henry, warning him to go away; when she meets Sir Henry who begins to be attracted to her; although her brother strongly objects to their meeting together.
Watson and Sir Henry find out the reason for the Barrymores strange actions, they are secretly helping Mrs Barrymore's brother, the escaped convict.
Barrymore does reveal that he accidentally found a burned note to Charles Baskerville asking him to meet outside the hall from someone named L.L.
Watson confronts Laura Lyons who admits that Charles Baskerville had financed her typewriting business and says she did not meet him on the night of his death.
Watson is also confronted by Franklin who claims that he saw the escaped convict on the moor hiding in a old stone hut.
Watson decides to investigate and finds the stranger is none other than Holmes!
Holmes reveals that his prime suspect is Stapleton, who is the husband not the brother of Beryl.
When they hear a scream they run out to find a dead man at the foot of a cliff.
It is Sheldon the convict who was wearing Henry Baskerville old clothes.
After meeting Stapleton, Holmes and Watson go to Baskerville  Hall where Holmes tells Sir Henry to keep his dinner engagement with the Stapletons for the next night, although neither Holmes or Watson can go with Sir Henry as they must leave for London.
Instead of leaving for London, Holmes and Watson confront Laura Lyons who is forced to admit that Stapleton had promised marriage to her.
The meeting with Sir Charles was to have been a loan connected with her divorce expenses.
It was Stapleton who persuaded her not to meet with Sir Charles at the last second and also to keep quiet about the note.
Holmes and Watson meet Inspector Lestrade who has a arrest warrant.
That night the three men spy on Stapleton and Sir Henry;  when Sir Henry leaves to walk home, a gigantic glowing hound nearly attacks him but is killed by Holmes and Watson.
At Stapleton's house they find Beryl who has been tied up and beaten by Stapleton.
Stapleton flees to the moor but falls into the Grimpen Mire.
Holmes reveals his deductive reasoning: the warning note had a woman's perfume scent; the theft of the shoes gave a clue that the dog was real; Stapleton, who was a spiritual and physical throwback to Hugo Baskerville  (Holmes noticed the resemblance to the family portraits); his real name was Rodger Baskerville Jr (his father was the youngest of the Baskerville brothers and had to flee England for Central America).
After marring a local beauty Beryl Garcia, he had stolen public money and fled Central America to England in 1885 where he used the money to start a public school in Yorkshire.
The tutor he had hired died of consumption and the school which Baskerville then tried to use to teach his pupils crime was forced to close after an epidemic killed three students.
In 1887 He then fled to his ancestrial home in Devon with the remains of his fortune, his wife and his taste for Entomology; Holmes cannot prove it but he theorizes that Baskerville supported himself by burglaries and in the process committed a murder.
When he found out that one life was between him and a valuable estate and that Sir Charles had both a weak heart and took the family legend seriously, he bought a large savage dog and hid it on the moor.
He tricked Laura Lyons into writing the appointment note for Sir Charles and sent the dog, coated with phosphorous, after the old man who died of a heart attack.
He tried the same trick on his cousin Henry twice-the first time however it was the convict wearing Henry clothing that fell victim.
He had tied up his wife so she could not warn Sir Henry of the danger he was in.
In Holmes words: Roger Baskerville aka Jack Stapleton has for years been a dangerous and desperate man and one of the few foes worthy of confronting Sherlock Holmes The others being Dr Grimesby Roylott and Professor Moriaty).
Read The Hound of the Baskervilles  at Sir Arthur Conan Doyle–His Life, All His Works and More
The Hound of the Baskervilles–in HTML format.
The Hound of the Baskervilles (Part I)  at BFRonline.biz.
The Hound of the Baskervilles (Part II)  at BFRonline.biz.
The Hound of the Baskervilles (Conclusion)  at BFRonline.biz.
The Hound of the Baskervilles as an audiobook on LibriVox
A mach number is a number that describes speed.
It is a measure of the speed of an object compared to the speed of sound.
Mach number is given as a percentage compared to the local speed of sound.
For example, half the speed of sound = Mach 0.5.
It is named after the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach.
When writing a speed as a Mach number, the number comes after "Mach."
For example, the Concorde airplane could fly at Mach 2, and a satellite re-enters the Earth's atmosphere at about Mach 25.
Drag (physics), a force that slows down objects
Drag racing, a way to race cars
Drag (clothing), a style of clothing
Drag queen, a man who dresses like a woman
Transonic means going from subsonic to supersonic.
Subsonic ends and supersonic begins at mach 1, so transonic goes from mach 0.8 to 1.2.
When you are going through transonic speeds, drag increases and it is really hard to go any faster.
This is the sound barrier.
Massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) are video games where players play together over the internet.
These games are different from other online video games because they have very many players all playing with each other at the same time.
Other online video games have fewer players playing with each other at the same time.
The most popular kind of MMOG is the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG).
Examples are RuneScape, World of Warcraft (WOW), Roblox and Transformice.
A baton is a stick.
Different batons are used by different people, for different things.
Policemen often carry batons, which can be used as weapons.
These batons are also sometimes called "nightsticks."
Mark D. Maughmer (born January 18, 1947) is a Professor of Aerospace Engineering in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University.
He is famous for designing the first type of airplane wing tips for better glider performance.
He has won many awards for being a good teacher and for having an influence in aerospace.
Engineers from Illinois
Triskaidekaphobia is the fear of the number thirteen.
The number 13 has been linked to bad luck in the western superstition.
Buildings in the United States does not have the "13th floor".
The term was first used by Isador Coriat in Abnormal Psychology.
There is also a fear of Friday the 13th.
This fear is called paraskevidekatriaphobia or friggatriskaidekaphobia.
13 is not unlucky.
People have no reason to fear it.
Annonaceae (custard apple family, over 2000 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas; mostly tropical but some temperate)
Degeneriaceae (two species of trees found on Pacific islands)
Eupomatiaceae (two species of trees and shrubs found in New Guinea and eastern Australia)
Himantandraceae (two species of trees and shrubs, found in tropical areas in Southeast Asia and Australia)
Magnoliaceae (about 225 species including magnolias and tulip trees)
Myristicaceae (several hundred species including Nutmeg)
The Magnoliaceae, or Magnolia Family, is a flowering plant family in the order Magnoliales.
The family has about 225 species in 7 genera.
Bobsled or bobsleigh is a team sport played during the Winter Olympic Games.
It is played by riding on iced tracks with a sled.
Artificial bobsleigh tracks are also available.
Sking
Bobsleigh at the Official website of the Olympic Movement
Images for bobsleigh
Videos for bobsleigh
Bobsleigh crash
Pulp are an English band from Sheffield, South Yorkshire.
The lead singer, Jarvis Cocker, started the band in 1978.
For a long time, Cocker found life as a musician hard.
However, in 1994, he and his band became famous when their album called his "His and Hers" became popular in the United Kingdom.
They had three more albums and a number of singles before the band split up in 2001.
Albums by Pulp
The +44, or Plus 44, was a punk rock group that formed in 2004.
It was started by former Blink-182 members Mark Hoppus and Travis Barker, with guitarist Craig Fairbaugh from the band Transplants, and Shane Gallagher from the Nervous Return.
The name of the band is the title of the telephone code for the UK, +44.
The band broke up on January 13, 2009, when Blink-182 reformed.
Mark Hoppus (vocals, bass)
Travis Barker (drums, keyboards)
Craig Fairbaugh (rhythm guitar, vocals)
Shane Gallagher (lead guitar)
2006 - When Your Heart Stops Beating
The Johns Hopkins University is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland in the United States.
Johns Hopkins opened in 1876 as part of a seven million dollar donation to start a number of institutions under his name.
Johns Hopkins does more than 1.5 billion dollars of science research every year.
During the pandemic, the university has been doing researching on the outbreak.
A trap door or trapdoor is a door in the ground or in a floor,  that one enters vertically.
Some can open when someone is standing on it.
People typically put small doors disguised as something normal to scare a person falling into a trapdoor.
They can be used for malicious purposes like murder.
However, they can be used to hide things from other people.
Trap doors are popular in mystery themed movies.
The victim who falls down the trap door often is met with danger or a hidden treasure.
A standard cliché deals with the victim finding himself in an alligator filled swamp (most famously seen in Scooby Doo cartoons).
fi:Kattoluukku
Pane sciocco (also called in Tuscany "pane toscano" ) is a variety of bread very common in Tuscany and in Umbria, two regions in Italy.
Pane sciocco does not contain salt, because when it was first made in the 1600s, salt was very rare and very expensive.
Pane sciocco is often eaten with typically Tuscan ham or sausages, famous for being salty.
Lobotomy, also known as leucotomy, is a type of brain surgery.
It was created in 1935 by António Egas Moniz, a Portuguese neurologist.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses".
The operation cut the connections from the pre-frontal cortex (front part of the frontal lobes) to the rest of the brain.
At first it seemed a great success, but the operation is now rarely done.
He used the method for certain types of mental illness for which there was no other treatment.
He first used it on patients with obsessive behaviour, which they repeated time and again.
It was also used to treat other mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression.
The problem with lobotomies was that they forever changed a person's personality and behaviour.
Sometimes, the results were beneficial: patients which had been violent became calm.
But long-term studies, which were not done by Moniz, show some had severely damaged personalities.
They often had very little 'drive' and motivation.
Today, antipsychotic drugs, like chlorpromazine, may treat the symptoms of such disorders.
Lobotomies are not common today.
Social context
One question is why was such a dramatic surgical technique so widely accepted.
It is generally agreed that psychiatrists wanted to find some way of helping thousands of patients in psychiatric hospitals in the twentieth century.
Also, those same patients had little power to resist the increasingly radical and even reckless interventions of asylum doctors.
Indications and outcomes
According to the Psychiatric Dictionary in 1970:
Good results are obtained in about 40 percent of cases, fair results in some 35 percent and poor results in 25 percent.