the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Even if he ate enough iron-rich vegetables, the body can’t always absorb what it needs.”
Vegan societies recommend that vegans either eat foods with added B12 or take a B12 supplement.
Tempeh, seaweed, spirulina, organic produce, and intestinal bacteria do not have enough B12 for a vegan diet.
Vitamin D deficiency is possible in the absence of dairy products (which are normally fortified with vitamin D).
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
In rickets, bones do not mineralize normally, causing growth retardation and skeletal deformities.
It can be prevented by supplements, and by direct injections.
A typical vegan diet contains more iron than other diets.
Yet, the incidence of iron deficiency in vegans is similar to omnivores.
While legumes, nuts, vegetables, and dried fruits are rich in iron, vegans absorb iron less effectively.
Many people think that it is not healthy to be vegan.
However, a vegan diet can have all of the nutrients needed for health.
It is just more difficult to get the nutrients because there are fewer foods to choose from.
Vegan Society
Vegan Wikia
Necrophilia is a paraphilia of being sexually attracted to dead bodies.
Some necrophiliacs have sex with dead bodies.
It is usually considered bad.
It is illegal in many parts of the world, but not all.
The Strait of Magellan is a passageway from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific.
It is just south of mainland South America and north of Tierra del Fuego.
It goes through Argentina and Chile and a for long time the two countries argued over which one owned the land around it.
Chile now owns it.
The strait is named after Ferdinand Magellan.
It is very foggy and stormy.
The first map made of the Strait of Magellan.
It was made in 1520
Bodies of water of South America
Fenerbahçe is a sports club in Istanbul, Turkey.
It was officially founded in 1907.
They have won the Spor Toto Super League 28 times and Ziraat Turkish Cup 6 times.
Official website of Fenerbahce
Fenerbahceulker basketball website
Fenerbahce Ulker Spor
Fenerbahce Community Portal
Homo is the human genus.
H. sapiens is the only surviving species of the genus Homo.
Homo Sapiens are sometimes called "anatomically modern humans".
The hypothesis that humans have a single origin was published in Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man (1871).
The concept is supported by a study of present-day mitochondrial DNA, and with evidence based on physical anthropology of fossil humans.
According to genetic and fossil evidence, older versions of Homo sapiens evolved only in Africa, between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago, with members of one branch leaving Africa by 90,000 years ago and over time replacing earlier human populations such as Neanderthals and Homo erectus.
Sequencing of the full Neanderthal genome suggests Neanderthals and some modern humans share some ancient genetic lineages.
The authors of the study suggest that their findings are consistent with Neanderthal admixture of up to 4% in some populations.
The reason for this admixture is not known.
In August 2012, a study suggested that the DNA overlap is a remnant of a common ancestor of both Neanderthals and modern humans.
The time frame for the evolution of the genus Homo out of the last common ancestor is roughly 10 to 2 million years ago, that of H. sapiens out of Homo erectus roughly 1.8 to 0.2 million years ago.
Scientific study of human evolution is mostly concerned with the development of the genus Homo, but usually involves studying other hominids and hominines as well, such as Australopithecus. "
Modern humans" are defined as the Homo sapiens species, of which the only living subspecies is known as Homo sapiens sapiens.
Homo neanderthalensis, which became extinct 30,000 years ago, has sometimes been classified as a subspecies, "Homo sapiens neanderthalensis".
Genetic studies now suggest that the functional DNA of modern humans and Neanderthals diverged 500,000 years ago.
Similarly, the discovered specimens of the Homo rhodesiensis species have been classified by some as a subspecies, but this classification is not widely accepted.
Earliest fossils of the species
Until recently it was thought that anatomically modern humans first appeared in the fossil record in Africa about 195,000 years ago.
Studies of molecular biology suggested that the approximate time of divergence from the common ancestor of all modern human populations was 200,000 years ago.
The broad study of African genetic diversity found the ǂKhomani San people had the greatest genetic diversity among the 113 distinct populations sampled, making them one of 14 "ancestral population clusters".
The research also placed the origin of modern human migration in south-western Africa, near the coastal border of Namibia and Angola.
In the 1960s an archaeological site at Jebel Irhoud in Morocco was dated as about 40,000 years old but it was re-dated in the 2000s.
It is now thought to be between 300,000 and 350,000 years old.
The skull form is almost identical to modern humans, though the jaw is different.
Lake Tanganyika is large lake in the Great Rift Valley of central Africa.
The lake is divided between four countries – Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Zambia.
It is the longest fresh water lake in the world and the second deepest.
Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Pinocchio is the second animated Disney movie, made by Walt Disney Productions and first released to movie theaters by RKO Radio Pictures on February 7, 1940.
Based on the story Pinocchio: Tale of a Puppet by Carlo Collodi, it was made in response to the huge success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
The movie tells the story of Pinocchio, a wooden puppet made by a man named Geppetto and brought to life by the Blue fairy, after Geppetto wishes he could have a son.
She tells him he can become a real boy if he proves himself "brave, truthful, and unselfish."
Pinocchio must try to be good so he can become a real boy, with the help of his friend, Jiminy Cricket.
Thus begins the adventures of the puppet into a real boy, which involve many encounters with a series of unpleasant characters.
The movie was adapted by Aurelius Battaglia, William Cottrell, Otto Englander, Erdman Penner, Joseph Sabo, Ted Sears, and Webb Smith from Collodi's book.
The production was supervised by Ben Sharpsteen and Hamilton Luske, and the film's sequences were directed by Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, Wilfred Jackson, Jack Kinney, and Bill Roberts.
A man called Gepetto makes a wood puppet called Pinocchio.
He wishes that Pinocchio was a real boy, and the Blue Fairy makes Gepetto's wish come true.
But to become a real boy instead of a live puppet, Pinocchio has to prove that he's good.
The Blue Fairy assigns a cricket named Jiminy Cricket to guide him and keep him out of trouble.
This is a hard job, and Pinocchio does a lot of things wrong.
On his first day of school, two crooks, a fox named Honest John and his mute sidekick named Gideon, trick Pinocchio to join Stromboli's puppet show instead.
Pinocchio is popular in the show, but Stromboli is cruel to him and locks him in a bird cage.
The Blue Fairy asks Pinocchio how this happened, but Pinocchio lies, and his nose grows longer.
With the help of the Blue Fairy and Jiminy, Pinocchio escapes from the cage.
The crooks trick Pinocchio again, and tell him to go to Pleasure Island.
He meets Lampwick, a bad boy who convinces him to gamble, smoke, drink, vandalize and other bad things.
The island is magical, and the boys who act like "jackasses" (donkeys) turn into donkeys.
These donkeys are sold to work in the local salt mines.
Lampwick becomes a donkey, but Pinocchio only changes part way, with donkey ears and a donkey tail.
He escapes from Pleasure Island and returns to Geppetto's house.
But Geppetto is not there.
He has gone to sea, to search for Pinocchio.
Pinocchio and Jiminy go looking for Geppetto, but they are eaten by the huge whale Monstro.
Monstro has also swallowed Geppetto.
Pinocchio builds a fire to make Monstro sneeze, and this frees them all.
But they are lost in the ocean and Geppetto is drowning.
He tells Pinocchio to swim to shore and save himself, but Pinocchio grabs Geppetto and carries him to shore.
Geppetto survives, but Pinocchio appears to be dead.
Geppetto and Jiminy are sad and return home with Pinocchio's body.
The Blue Fairy decides that Pinocchio has proved that he is good enough, and brings him back to life... and also turns him into a real boy.
Everyone is happy and they celebrate.
The movie ends with Jiminy Cricket getting a badge of soild gold and a chorus sings a reprise of the song "When You Wish Upon A Star".
The original plan for the movie was very different from what they made.
Many characters and events from the original book were used in early versions.
Producer Walt Disney was unhappy with this version and had them change a lot of the story and characters.
At first, Pinocchio was going to look like a real wooden puppet, with a long pointed nose, a pointed hat, and bare wood hands.
He was going to act more grown-up and do bad things on purpose, instead of being tricked into doing bad things.
But Walt Disney did not think that people would like this character, so they changed his appearance and the way he acted.
They made him look more like a real boy, with a small nose, a child's hat, and regular hands with gloves.
The only parts of him that still looked like a puppet were his arms and legs.
Jiminy Cricket (voiced by Cliff "Ukelele Ike" Edwards) became a more important character.
He was not included in the first version of the story.
When they added him, he looked more like a real cricket, but Walt wanted more people to like him, so Ward Kimball changed him into "a little man with no ears.
That was the only thing about him that was like an insect."
Jiminy Cricket, voiced by Cliff Edwards, is a cricket who acts as Pinocchio's "conscience" and tells parts of the story.
He is the main protagonist.
Pinocchio, voiced by Dickie Jones, is a wooden puppet made by Geppetto and turned into a living puppet by the Blue Fairy.
He is  the deurtagonist.
Geppetto, voiced by Christian Rub, is a toymaker who creates Pinocchio and wishes for him to become a real boy.
Figaro and Cleo are Geppetto's black and white housecat and goldfish.
J. Worthington "Honest John" Foulfellow, voiced by Walter Catlett, is a sly anthropomorphic fox who tricks Pinocchio twice in the movie.
Foulfellow is the major antagonist.
Gideon is Honest John's dumb, mute, anthropomorphic cat sidekick.
He was originally to be voiced by Mel Blanc, but they deleted his dialogue in favour of a mute performance.
However, Gideon's hiccups were provided by Blanc.
Gideon is the minor antagonist.
Stromboli, voiced by Charles Judels, is a large, sinister, bearded puppet maker who forces Pinocchio to perform onstage in order to make money.
He is the primary antagonist.
The Blue Fairy, voiced by Evelyn Venable, is the beautiful fairy who brings Pinocchio to life and turns him into a real boy at the end.
The Coachman, voiced by Charles Judels.
A corrupt coachman who owns and operates Pleasure Island.
He is the secondary antagonist.
Lampwick, voiced by Frankie Darro, is a naughty boy Pinocchio meets on his way to Pleasure Island.
He turns into a donkey while the boys are hanging out.
Monstro is the whale that swallows Geppetto, Figaro, and Cleo during their search for Pinocchio.
Monstro is the final antagonist.
Supervising Directors: Ben Sharpsteen, Hamilton Luske
Sequence Directors: Bill Roberts, Norman Ferguson, Jack Kinney, Wilfred Jackson, T. Hee
Supervising Animators: Fred Moore, Franklin Thomas, Milton Kahl, Vladimir Tytla, Ward Kimball, Arthur Babbitt, Eric Larson, Woolie Reitherman
Story Adaptation: Ted Sears, Otto Englander, Webb Smith, William Cottrell, Joseph Sabo, Erdman Penner, Aurelius Battaglia
Character Designers: Joe Grant, Albert Hurter, John P. Miller, Campbell Grant, Martin Provensen, John Walbridge
Original Songs by Ned Washington and Leigh Harline
Score Composed and Conducted by Paul J. Smith
Art Directors: Charles Philippi, Hugh Hennessy, Kenneth Anderson, Dick Kelsey, Kendall O'Connor, Terrell Stapp, Thor Putnam, John Hubley, McLaren Stewart, Al Zinnen
Backgrounds: Claude Coats, Merle Cox, Ed Starr, Ray Huffine
Animators: Jack Campbell, Oliver M. Johnston, Berny Wolf, Don Towsley, Don Lusk, John Lounsbery, Norman Tate, John Bradbury, Lynn Karp, Charles Nichols, Art Palmer, Joshua Meador, Don Tobin, Robert Martsch, George Rowley, John McManus, Don Patterson, Preston Blair, Les Clark, Marvin Woodward, Hugh Fraser, John Elliotte
With the re-release of Snow White and then Seven Dwarfs in 1944 came the tradition of re-releasing Disney movies every seven to ten years.
Pinocchio has been theatrically re-released in 1945, 1954, 1962, 1971, 1978, 1984, and 1992.
The 1992 re-issue was digitally restored by cleaning and removing scratches from the original one scene at a time, getrting rid of blurry sound, and making the color lighter.
The movie also received four video releases (and two DVD releases), being a big-seller in 1985 (this print was re-mastered and re-issued in 1986).
Then the more complex digital restoration that was done for the 1992 re-issue was released on VHS, followed by the final VHS release (which was also the movie's first release on Disney DVD as well as the first in the Walt Disney Gold Classics Collection VHS/DVD line) in 1999.
The second Disney DVD release (a 60th anniversary) premiered the following year in 2000.
The third DVD release and first Blu-ray Disc release (the second Blu-ray in the Walt Disney Platinum Editions series) were released on March 10, 2009 (March 11, 2009 in Australia), and like the 2008 Sleeping Beauty release, the Blu-ray package featured two discs, and a bonus DVD of the movie also included.
Home video release history
July 16, 1985 (VHS, Betamax and Laserdisc, Classics edition)
October 14, 1986 (VHS and Betamax, remastered Classics edition)
March 26, 1993 (VHS and Laserdisc, restored Classics edition)
April 16, 1995 (VHS, Spanish-dubbed Clásicos edition)
October 26, 1999 (60th Anniversary Edition, as well as a Limited Issue DVD)
March 7, 2000 (VHS and DVD, Walt Disney Golden Classic Collection)
March 10, 2009 (70th Anniversary Platinum Edition DVD and Blu-ray)
February 9, 2016 (Diamond Edition DVD and Blu-ray)
Pinocchio was not successful at the box office when first released, and Disney only earned $1.9 million against a $2.6 million budget.
The movie made some success at the American box office, but was not able to profit, due to its poor performance in Europe.
The timing of the move's release was a reason, with World War II cutting off European markets.
Although the United States had not yet gotten into the war, people's interests may have not have meant much among Americans in seeing fantasy stories as they were in the days of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
It also lacked the romance element that had proven popular in Snow White.
Nevertheless, there were positive reactions to the movie as well.
Archer Winsten, who had criticized Snow White, said that "The faults (mistakes) that were in Snow White no longer exist.
In writing of Pinocchio, you are limited only by your own power of expressing enthusiasm".
Also, despite the poor timing of the release, the movie did do well both critically and at the box office in the United States.
Jiminy Cricket's song, "When You Wish Upon a Star," became a major success and still is today, and is the fanfare for The Walt Disney Company.
Pinocchio also won the Academy Award for Best Song and the Academy Award for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture.
In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the United States National FilmRegistry as being very important in culture,  history, or aesthetic.
In 2001 Terry Gilliam picked it as one of the ten best animated movies of all time and in 2005 Time.com named it one of the 100 best movies of the last 80 years.
Many movie historians consider this to be the movie that is the closest to technical perfection of all the Disney animated features.
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten movies in ten "classic" American movie genres.
After polling over 1,500 people from the creative community, Pinocchio was acknowledged as the second best movie in the animation genre, after Snow White.
The songs in Pinocchio were composed by Leigh Harline, Ned Washington and Oliver Wallace, who had no screen credit as the film conductor while Paul J. Smith composed the incidental music score.
"When You Wish upon a Star" - Jiminy Cricket; Chorus
"Little Wooden Head" - Geppetto
"Give a Little Whistle" - Jiminy Cricket; Pinocchio
"Hi-Diddle-Dee-Dee (An Actor's Life for Me)" - J. Worthington Foulfellow
"I've Got No Strings" - Pinocchio
"Hi-Diddle-Dee-Dee (reprise)" - J. Worthington Foulfellow
"When You Wish upon a Star (reprise)" - Jiminy Cricket; Chorus
On Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic, this includes When You Wish upon a Star on the blue disc, Give a Little Whistle on the purple disc, and I've Got No Strings on the orange disc.
And on Disney's Greatest Hits, this also includes When You Wish upon a Star on another blue disc, I've Got No Strings on the green disc, and Give a Little Whistle on the red disc.
Songs written for movie but not used
"I'm a Happy-Go-Lucky Fellow" - Jiminy Cricket (this song eventually showed up in Fun and Fancy Free)
"As I Was Saying To the Duchess" - J. Worthington Foulfellow (this line is spoken briefly by Foulfellow in the movie, however)
"Three Cheers For Anything" - Lampwick; Pinocchio; Alexander; Other Boys
"Monstro the Whale" - Chorus
"Honest John" (this song appears as a bonus feature on the 70th Anniversary Platinum Edition DVD)
Theme park references
Pinocchio's Daring Journey is a popular ride at Disneyland Park (Anaheim), Tokyo Disneyland, and Disneyland Park (Paris).
Ice show
Disney on ice starring Pinocchio, toured nationally & internationally from 1987 - 1992.
A Shorter version of the story is also presented in the current Disney on ice production "100 Years of Magic"
Directing animators
Fred Moore (Lampwick)
Frank Thomas (Pinocchio on strings and at the puppet show)
Ollie Johnston (Pinocchio)
Milt Kahl (Pinocchio)
Bill Tytla (Stromboli)
Ward Kimball (Jiminy Cricket)
Art Babbitt (Geppetto)
Wolfgang Reitherman (Monstro)
Eric Larson (Figaro)
John Lounsbery (J. Worthington Foulfellow and Gideon)
Sequence directors
Bill Roberts (Monstro)
Norman Ferguson (Foulfellow and Gideon)
Jack Kinney (Lampwick)
Wilfred Jackson (Stromboli)
T. Hee (Geppetto and Figaro)
1940 movies
Movies composed by Oliver Wallace
Lubbock is a city in the United States.
It is in the state of Texas.
More than 212,000 people live there.
Pearls are made of a kind of material made by mollusks, like oysters.
Pearls are small and often white but sometimes in pale colors or even black.
They are often round, but sometimes half-round, oval, or in different shapes.
Pearls are often used for jewelry.
The pearl is the birthstone for the month June.
How a natural pearl is formed
A natural pearl is formed when nacre-producing cells are displaced from the mantle tissue of an oyster.
These cells are genetically programmed to produce nacre, the substance that lines the inner sides of an oyster's shell.
When the cells become displaced, often by a boring parasite or damage to the outer shell, they continue to do what they are programmed to do -- produce nacre and form a pearl.
They can be very tiny (as tiny as a peppercorn) or quite big (as big as a human's fist).
The world's largest pearl, found in 1934 and called the Pearl of Lao-tze, is about the size of a basketball.
Types of pearls
There are two kinds of pearls: saltwater pearls and freshwater pearls.
Saltwater pearls come from oysters that live in the oceans.
Freshwater pearls are found in mussels that live in rivers, lakes, or ponds.
There is also a natural pearl and a cultured pearl.
Natural pearls are made by oysters accidentally, and are very rare.
Cultured pearls are made by inserting small beads and a piece of donor mantle tissue (in the case of saltwater pearls) into the reproductive organ of a saltwater oyster, or simply inserting a piece of donor mantle tissue (in the case of freshwater pearls) into a small incision in the mantle of a freshwater mussel.
Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (commonly called Warner Bros.) is a large entertainment group and movie studio.
It is owned by WarnerMedia.
Warner Bros. is known for Looney Tunes.
They own the copyrights to the Harry Potter movie series, the Batman movie series, and Superman movie series, the DC Extended Universe and the It duology.
They also produced the TV show Friends.
Warner Bros. is a very large company.
Warner Brothers was founded on April 4, 1923.
Its founders were Jack L. Warner: Albert Warner: Harry Warner: and Sam Warner.
It was founded in Hollywood, California.
It has won several awards including the Academy Award for Best Picture.
1923 establishments in the United States
Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi is science fiction movie.
It is the sixth film in the Star Wars film series.
The movie was released in 1983.
It also includes romance, action, adventure and drama.
The Empire constructs a new Death Star.
Luke, Leia, and the droids rescue Han Solo from Jabba the Hutt, an evil slug-like gangster.
Later, Luke learns that Leia is his sister and must confront his father (Darth Vader) and return him to the good side.
The movie is also famous for introducing a group of little creatures called Ewoks who help fight the Empire's troopers.
Return of the Jedi The Movie Database
1983 movies
1983 science fiction movies
Movies directed by Richard Marquand
One fourth of something
A neighborhood or section of a city, such as the Armenian Quarter
Where there is no freedom of religion, people can be punished and persecuted for not having the right religion.
Communist countries such as Cuba, North Korea and China have also punished people for religious activities.
Text of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights
MDC are an anarcho-punk and hardcore punk band that started in Austin, Texas in 1979.
They helped make hardcore punk popular in Austin, but in 1982 they moved to San Francisco, California, where they continued to become popular in the hardcore punk community.
In 1993 the band stopped playing music, but they began again in 2000 and still play music today.
Their lyrics were very political.
They did not like the police, war, capitalism or racism.
They did like gay people and thought that they should be treated fairly.
The name MDC is an abbreviation and has meant many things.
The band changes what it means a lot.
It has meant "Millions of Dead Cops", "More Dead Cops", "Millions of Dead Children", "Multi Death Corporations", "Millions of Damn Christians", "Missile Destroyed Civilization" and "Magnus Dominus Corpus".
X-Con Ron's Official MDC Website
Musicians from Austin, Texas
Optimus Prime, known in Japan as Convoy, is a character from the Transformers franchise.
Prime is the leader of the Autobots, a group of transforming robots from the planet of Cybertron.
The Autobots are constantly at war with another group of transforming robots called Decepticons.
According to Bob Budiansky, co-writer of the Transformers series, Dennis O'Neil made his name.
In the 1986 animated film Transformers: The Movie, he is killed by his arch nemesis Megatron, who is the leader of the Decepticons.
He is voiced by Peter Cullen.
In the Transfotmers Generation 1 cartoon series, Optimus was originally a naive and defenceless dock worker named Orion Pax.
Some time later, Orion was killed by Megatron and rebuilt by Alpha Trion as Optimus Prime.
In the films, Optimus does not have his original Generation 1 look or voice due to the fact they were not based on the cartoon series.
In Transformers (2007), Revenge of the Fallen and Dark of the Moon, he had his original body, the one from the 2007 film.
In Age of Extinction, Optimus appears battle damaged but was revealed to have been hiding from humans with the other Autobots, according to his friend Ratchet.
In the movie, he was given a new look after being fixed by a human named Cade Yeager.
In The Last Knight, Optimus is seen floating around in space after running low on Energon, a source of energy that transformers run on.
When he appears on Cybertron, Optimus had no memory of what had happened to Cybertron, which had imploded on itself in Transformers: Dark of the Moon.
In the film, Optimus is brainwashed by Quintessa, the prime of life and turned into Nemesis Prime.
He also has the look he had in Transformers: Age of Extinction.
Pages on Optimus Prime at the Transformers Wiki
Fictional characters introduced in 1984
A comic strip is a series of panels with cartoon drawings in them that make a story.
Sometimes comic strips are humorous, and sometimes they are serious.
Famous examples of comic strips are:
Peanuts by Charles Schulz
Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson.
Motley's Crew by Ben Templeton and Tom Forman
Between Friends by Sandra Bell-Lundy
The Adventures of Tintin by Herge
Garfield by Jim Davis
Big Nate by Lincoln Peirce
There are comic strips in newspapers and on the web.
Comic strips on the web are called webcomics.
Penny Arcade and xkcd are famous webcomics.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, whose assassination led to World War I
Franz Ferdinand (band), a Scottish band
Franz Ferdinand (album), their debut album
Franz Ferdinand (DVD), their music DVD
Franz Ferdinand, a character from the Alfred J. Kwak anime series
Ferdinand Frantz, a German opera singer
On June 11 2004 Transport Scotland awarded the new franchise to First with the services operated by ScotRail moving to First ScotRail on October 17 2004.
It originally traded as First ScotRail before being rebranded as ScotRail in September 2008.
On October 8 2014, Abellio were awarded the franchise beating First.
They started running the trains in April 2015.
Transport in Scotland
Rail transport in the United Kingdom
First Group railway companies
Train operating companies
Companies of Scotland
The Vijayanagara empire was an Indian empire.
From 1336 and afterwards, it was in the Deccan, in the peninsula and in southern India.
It was founded by Harihara (Hakka) and his brother Bukka Raya.
The empire is named after its capital city Vijayanagara, now Hampi in modern Karnataka, India.
It began in 1336 and ended in 1660, though in its last century it began losing its power.
Stories of the empire's creation and history are not certain, though tales of the empire's wealth and power were described by European travellers such as the Portuguese travelers Domingo Paes and Nuniz, and the Venetian traveler Niccolò Da Conti.
Dynasties and kings
Harihara I (Deva Raya) 	1336-1343/56(some accounts claim that there was brief period of other ruler probably a 3rd brother)
Bukka I	1343/56-1379
Harihara II	1379-1399
Bukka II	1399-1406
Deva Raya I	1406-1412
Vira Vijaya	1412-1419
Deva Raya II	1419-1444
(unknown)	1444-1449
Mallikarjuna	1452-1465	(Dates uncertain)
Rajasekhara	1468-1469	(Dates uncertain)
Virupaksha I	1470-1471	(Dates uncertain)
Praudha Deva Raya	1476-?
(Dates uncertain)
Rajasekhara	1479-1480	(Dates uncertain)
Virupaksha II	1483-1484	(Dates uncertain)
Rajasekhara	1486-1487	(Dates uncertain)
Narasimha	1490-?
Narasa (Vira Narasimha)	?
-1509
Krishna Deva 	1509-1529
Achyuta	1529-1542
Sadasiva (puppet ruler in the hands of Ram Raya)	1542-1567
Rama (ruled in practice)	1542-1565
Tirumala (ruled in practice)	1565-1567
Tirumala (crowned ruler)	1567-1575
Ranga II	1575-1586
Venkata I	1586-1614
Aravidu (dates are not known), includes these rulers.
There is certainly more than one ruler under each name.
Ranga
Venkata
History of Karnataka - Mr. Arthikaje
Indian Inscriptions - Archeological Survery Of India
A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar: A Contribution to the History of India
http://freeindia.org/biographies/greatlkings/hakkabukka/index.htm(Biography of Hakka and Bukka.)
Vijayanagar Empire, Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
Hampi - History and Tourism
1336 establishments
1660 disestablishments
14th-century establishments in India
Disestablishments in India
The Delhi Sultanate (دلی سلطنت), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (سلطنتِ ہند) or Sulthanath-e-Dilli (سلطنتِ دلی) were the Persian-speaking dynasties of Turkic and Afghan origin, which were controlling most of the Indian subcontinent from 1210 to 1526.
Many of these dynasties ruled from Delhi.
This includes the Slave dynasty (1206-90), the Khilji dynasty (1290-1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), the Sayyid dynasty (1414-51), and the Lodi dynasty (1451-1526).
Later on, after the region fell to the Mughals, there was again a brief period when Humayun, son of the Mughal Babur and father of Akbar the Great, was deposed by the Pathan Suri dynasty who enjoyed a short rule then, before Humayun was reinstated in 1555.
Sultans of Delhi
Mamluk, or Slave dynasty (1206 - 1290)
Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206 - 1210)
Aram Shah (1210 - 1211)
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211 - 1236)
Rukn ud din Firuz (1236)
Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236 - 1240) (Raziyya Sultana)
Muiz ud din Bahram (1240 - 1242)
Ala ud din Masud (1242 - 1246)
Nasir ud din Mahmud (1246 - 1266)
Ghiyas ud din Balban (1266 - 1286)
Muiz ud din Qaiqabad (1286 - 1290)
Shamsuddin Kayumars (1290)
Khilji (Khalji) dynasty (1290 - 1320)
Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji (1290 - 1294)
Ala ud din Khilji (1294 - 1316)
Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316 - 1321)
Tughlaq dynasty (1321 - 1398)
Ghiyas ud din Tughluq Shah I (1321 - 1325)
Muhammad Shah II (1325 - 1351)
Mahmud Ibn Muhammad ( March 1351)
Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351 - 1388)
Ghiyas ud din Tughluq II (1388 - 1389)
Abu Bakar (1389 - 1390)
Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (1390 - 1393)
Sikander Shah I ( March - April 1393)
Mahmud Nasir ud din (Sultan Mahmud II) at Delhi (1393 - 1394)
Nusrat Shah at Firuzabad (1394 - 1398)
Sayyid (Syed) Dynasty (1414 - 1451)
Khizr Khan (1414 - 1421)
Mubarrak Shah II (1421 - 1435)
Muhammad Shah IV (1435 - 1445)
Aladdin Alam Shah (1445 - 1451)
Lodi (Lodhi) dynasty (1451 - 1526)
Bahlol Khan Lodi (1451-1489)
Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517)
Ibrahim II (1517-1526)
Suri, or Sur dynasty (1540 - 1555)
Sher Shah Suri (Farid Khan Suri) (1540 - 1545)
Islam Shah (1545 - 1553)
Muhammad V (1553 - 1554)
Firuz Shah ( 29 April - 2 May 1554)
Ibrahim III  (1554 - 1554/5)
Sikander Shah (1554/5 - 1555)
The History of South Asia series) has more information at Islamic Empires in India#Delhi Sultanate
List of Indian monarchs
Braudel, Fernand, The perspective of the World, vol III of Civilization and Capitalism 1984 (original French ed.
1979)
Elliot and Dowson: The History of India as told by its own Historians, (New Delhi) reprint, 1990.
Peter Jackson The Delhi Sultanate.
A Political and Military History (Cambridge) 1999
Majumdar, R. C. (ed.),
The History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume VI, The Delhi Sultanate, (Bombay) 1960; Volume VII, The Mughal Empire, (Bombay) 1973.
Nizami, Khaliq Ahmad Some Aspects of Religion and Politics in India in the Thirteenth Century (Delhi) 1961 (Revised Edition Delhi 2002)
Delhi Sultanate Dynasty
List of rulers of Delhi
1210 establishments
1520s disestablishments in Asia
Establishments in India
1526 disestablishments
1210s establishments in Asia
The Hoysala Empire (Kannada: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ) was an Indian empire.
It controlled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346 A.D. Belur, Karnataka was the empire's capital.
The Hoysala Empire is remembered today mostly because of its architecture.
The hundreds of temples found across Karnataka are good examples of temples that were in the cities of Belur, Halebid and Somnathpura.
The Hoysala kings were affected by Jainism and Hinduism.
King Vishnuvardhana and the kings after him believed in Vaishnavism.
In the beginning, the Hoysalas were a small part of the Chalukyas of Kalyani.
However, they began to grow until they made their own empire in Karnataka.
The Hoysala period is known as one of the best times in the history of Karnataka, next only to the Vijayanagara Empire.
Some famous Hoysala kings were Vishnuvardhana, Veera Ballala II and Veera Ballala III.
Kannada was the main language of the Hoysala kings.
The Hoysalas helped to increase Kannada and Sanskrit writing.
Nripa Kama (1000 - 1045)
Vinayaditya (1045 - 1098)
Ereyanga (1098 - 1100)
Veera Ballala I (1100 -1108)
Vishnuvardhana (1108 - 1152)
Narasimha I (1152 – 1173)
Veera Ballala II (1173 – 1220)
Narasimha II (1220 – 1235)
Vira Someshwara (1235 – 1253)
Narasimha III (1253 – 1292)
Ramanatha (1253 – 1295)
Veera Ballala III (1292 – 1342)
www.hoysala.in
More on Hoysala art and architecture by Dr. Jyothsna Kamat
History of Karnataka by Mr Arthikaje
South Indian Inscriptions Archeological Survey of India (vols 9, 15,17,18)
Hoysala Tourism
1000 establishments
1346 disestablishments
1340s disestablishments in Asia
Macedonia (Greek: Μακεδονία) or Macedon was an Ancient Greek kingdom of the Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the most powerful state of Hellenistic Greece.
The kingdom was established and was at first ruled by the royal Argead dynasty, which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties.
Home to the ancient Macedonians, the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, and bordered by Epirus to the west, Paeonia to the north, Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south.
Alexander the Great made it the most powerful kingdom in the Near East for a few years.
When he died the empire fell apart and the Antigonid dynasty ruled Macedonia as a small empire.
Centuries later the Roman Empire conquered Macedonia and much of Alexander's empire.
Karanus 808-778 BC
Koinos
Tyrimmas
Perdiccas I 700-678 BC
Argaeus I 678-640 BC
Philip I 640-602 BC
Aeropus I 602-576 BC
Alcetas I 576-547 BC
Amyntas I 547-498 BC
Alexander I 498-454 BC
Perdiccas II 454-413 BC
Archelaus 413-399 BC
Craterus 399 BC
Orestes 399-396 BC
Archelaus II 396-393 BC
Amyntus II 393 BC
Pausanias 393 BC
Amyntas III 393 BC
Argaeus II 393-392 BC
Amyntas III (restored) 392-370 BC
Alexander II 370-368 BC
Ptolemy I 368-365 BC
Perdiccas III 365-359 BC
Amyntas IV 359-356 BC
Philip II 359-336 BC
Alexander III (the Great) 336-323 BC
Antipater, Regent of Macedon 334-319 BC
Philip III Arrhidaeus 323-317 BC
Alexander IV 323-310 BC
Perdiccas, Regent of Macedon 323-321 BC
Antipater, Regent of Macedon 321-319 BC
Polyperchon, Regent of Macedon 319-317 BC
Cassander, Regent of Macedon 317-306 BC
Cassander 306-297 BC
Philip IV 297-296 BC
Alexander V 296-294 BC
Antipater II 296-294 BC
Demetrius I Poliorcetes 294-288 BC
Lysimachus (divided with Pyrrhus of Epirus) 288-281 BC
Pyrrhus of Epirus (divided with Lysimachus) 288-285 BC
Ptolemy II Ceraunus 281-279 BC
Meleager 279 BC
Antipater II Etesias 279 BC
Sosthenes (Army Commander) 279-277 BC
Antigonus II Gonatas 277-274 BC
Pyrrhus of Epirus (restored) 274-272 BC
Antigonus II Gonatas (restored) 272-239 BC
Demetrius II Aetolicus 239-229 BC
Antigonus III Doson 229-221 BC
Philip V 221-179 BC
Perseus 179-168 BC
Eugene N. Borza: Before Alexander: constructing early Macedonia.
Claremont, CA: Regina Books, 1999.
(pb)
Review by Konrad H. Kinzl (Trent University)
Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great, Penguin Books, 1973,  (pb).
Nicholas G. L. Hammond, The Macedonian State, Oxford University Press, 1989, .
12-13.
History of Macedon
Ancient Macedonia at Macedonia, The Historical Profile, by D. Pandermalis,
Ancient Macedonia  at Livius, by Jona Lendering
History of Macedonia through ages
Selian Е. The Mystery of the Name “Macedon”.
In: American Chronicle, June 2009
History of Greece
Empires]
Burger King (often just called BK) is a chain of fast food restaurant that comes from the United States.
It sells hamburgers, French fries, and soft drink.
It was created in 1954 in Miami, Florida, by James McLamore and David Edgerton.
Edgerton bought a restaurant named Insta Burger King and changed it to Burger King.
More than 34 thousand people work for the company.
There are more than 15,000 Burger King restaurants world-wide in 100 countries, and almost all of them are franchises.
But in Australia, since the name "Burger King" was already trademarked there, BK franchises there are called Hungry Jack's.
Burger King is owned mostly by 3G Capital, a Brazilian investment company.
But it is also owned by shareholders and used to publicly trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker BKW.
In 2014, the chain's operations was merged with that of Tim Hortons from Canada, under the name Restaurant Brands International ().
Burger King is an American global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants.
Headquartered in the unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County, Florida, the company was founded in 1953 as Insta-Burger King, a Jacksonville, Florida–based restaurant chain.
1954 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in Florida
Companies based in Miami, Florida
(18 June 1949 - 10 April 2010) was the President of the Republic of Poland from 2005 until his death in a plane crash in Smolensk, Russia on 10 April 2010.
Kaczyński served as Mayor of Warsaw from 2002, until the day before he became president.
He was a Roman Catholic and was the identical twin brother of the Prime Minister of Poland, Jarosław Kaczyński.
Death and state funeral of Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska
Polish movie actors
Mayors of Warsaw
The Argead dynasty (Greek: , ) was an ancient Macedonian royal house.
They were the founders and the ruling dynasty of the kingdom of Macedon from about 700 to 310 BC.
From about 700 BC the founder of the dynasty, Perdiccas I, led the people who called themselves Macedonians eastward from their home on the Haliacmon River.
Aegae (today Vergina) became the capital, and by the reign of Amyntas I (6th century BC) Macedonian power extended eastward beyond the Axius (Axiós) River to dominate the neighbouring Thracian tribes.
People of the Argead royal house supposedly believed they were descended of Heracles' family.
Famous kings included Philip II of Macedon (reigned 359-336 BC) who subdued Greece and famously united the defeated Greek city states as the League of Corinth with the Macedonians as Hegemon, and his son Alexander the Great (reigned 336–323 BC) who led his army along with allied armies to conquer much of the known world at the time, creating a vast Empire stretching from Macedonia and Greece, to Egypt, and the Indus River, also defeating the Persian Achaemenid Empire.
The Argead family dynasty ended during the wars of the Diadochi when Alexander IV of Macedon and his mother Roxana were murdered.
List of Kings
Karanus of Macedon
Koinos of Macedon
Tyrimmas of Macedon
Perdiccas I of Macedon 700-678 BC
Argaeus I of Macedon 678-640 BC
Philip I of Macedon 640-602 BC
Aeropus I of Macedon 602-576 BC
Alcetas I of Macedon 576-547 BC
Amyntas I of Macedon 547-498 BC
Alexander I of Macedon 498-454 BC
Perdiccas II of Macedon 454-413 BC
Archelaus I of Macedon 413-399 BC
Craterus of Macedon 399 BC
Orestes of Macedon 399-396 BC
Archelaus II of Macedon 396-393 BC
Amyntas II of Macedon 393 BC
Pausanias of Macedon 393 BC
Amyntas III of Macedon 393 BC
Argaeus II of Macedon 393-392 BC
Amyntas III of Macedon (restored) 392-370 BC
Alexander II of Macedon 370-368 BC
Ptolemy I of Macedon 368-365 BC
Perdiccas III of Macedon 365-359 BC
Amyntas IV of Macedon 359 BC
Philip II of Macedon 359-336 BC
Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) 336-323 BC
Philip III of Macedon 323-317 BC (supposedly)
Alexander IV of Macedon 323-309 BC (supposedly)
List of the Kings of Macedonia
The Antipatrid dynasty was a Macedonian dynasty.
It was created by Cassander in 302 BC, who was the son of Antipater.
However it was not a long dynasty.
It ended in 294 BC when it was taken over by the Antigonid dynasty.
Cassander (302-297 BC)
Alexander V of Macedon (297-296 BC)
Philip IV of Macedon (296-294 BC)
Antipater II of Macedon (296-294, 279 BC)
Sosthenes of Macedon (279-277 BC)
The Antigonid dynasty was a Macedonian dynasty.
The kings were part of the family of Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed").
The dynasty ended when the Roman Empire conquered the area after the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC.
Demetrius I Poliorcetes (294 BC – 287 BC)
Antigonus II Gonatas (276 BC – 239 BC)
Demetrius II (239 BC – 229 BC)
Antigonus III Doson (229 BC – 221 BC)
Philip V (221 BC – 179 BC)
Perseus (179 BC – 168 BC)
Futurama is an American adult animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening and developed by Groening and David X. Cohen for the Fox Broadcasting Company.
It is in New New York City during the 31st century.
The shows were first shown on Fox Network on March 28, 1999, until August 10, 2003.
In 2008 Comedy Central began airing episodes.
Comedy Central later said that the seventh season would be the final season.
The series finale aired on September 4, 2013, though Groening has said he will try to get it picked up by another network.
Also, 4 DVD movies were made.
The series is about Philip J. Fry (Billy West), a lazy New York City pizza delivery boy, who froze himself by mistake on New Year's Eve, 1999.
He wakes up one thousand years later on New Year's Eve, 2999, and finds himself in New New York City.
Fry wants to get a new job, though in the end he is forced to be a delivery boy.
Fry tries to escape from his job and afterwards goes to Planet Express, a small delivery company that goes around the galaxy owned by his distant nephew, where he becomes a delivery boy.
The series then describes the adventures of Fry and the other workers as they go around the universe making deliveries.
Old Bessie - the Planet Express spaceship
Turanga Leela (Katey Sagal)– a cyclops (a creature with only one eye) who is one of Fry's friends.
She is the pilot of Old Bessie and the captain of the crew.
Fry falls in love with her.
For a long time she does not love him back.
Fry still tries to win her love many times.
Finally they become boyfriend and girlfriend.
Leela is brave and good at fighting.
She also takes her job very seriously.
That sometimes becomes a problem, because she does not give up a mission when it would be better.
She has violet hair and wears a white tank top, black trousers and boots.
Bender Bending Rodriguez (John DiMaggio) – a bending robot who is Fry's best friend.
He is a kleptomanic.
That means that he often steals things by accident or for fun.
He drinks a lot of alcohol because that is his fuel.
He also smokes cigars.
Bender's last name is Rodriguez because he was built in Mexico.
He dreams of killing all humans except Fry and becoming a famous country singer.
His catchphrases are "Kiss my shiny metal ass!"
and "Let's go already!"
Professor Hubert J. Farnsworth (Billy West) – an inventor and head of Planet Express.
He is very old and wears thick glasses, a lab coat and slippers.
He is Fry's 30 times great grandnephew and his last living relative.
The crew just calls him "The Professor".
The Professor often invents dangerous things that the crew must get rid of.
His catch phrase is "Good news everyone!"
He says that before telling the crew their next mission.
Usually that is not good news for the crew.
Dr. John Zoidberg (Billy West) – a crustacean-like creature from another planet.
He is the doctor at Planet Express, although he does not know much about human health.
He lives in the dumpster behind the Planet Express building.
Dr. Zoidberg often does not know how to behave right because he is an alien.
That is why the other Planet Express workers mock him.
When he becomes very nervous, a comb unfolds on his head.
Amy Wong - a young woman from Mars.
She assists the Professor in his experiments.
Her parents are Chinese.
She has black hair and wears pink jogging clothes.
Hermes Conrad - a bureaucrat from Jamaica.
He does the paperwork for Planet Express and organizes everything.
He is very fussy and strict about rules.
Hermes is good at Limbo and likes hot food.
He has a wife and a son.
His son becomes friends with a clone of Professor Farnsworth.
General Zapp Brannigan - the self-absorbed leader of earth's army.
He is incompetent but thinks he is the greatest.
Zapp has a crush on Leela and tries to take advantage of when she is in danger.
She always harshly rejects him because he is so unbearable.
His alien assistant Kiff becomes Amy's boyfriend.
Nibbler - a little black alien with pointy canine teeth.
The crew saves him from a collapsing planet and he becomes Leela's pet.
He can eat animals that are ten times bigger than himself with one bite.
He poops dark matter that is used as the fuel for Old Bessie.
Nibbler wears a diaper and a red cape.
He is actually very intelligent and can speak, but does not show it.
He staged the accident that brought Fry to the future so Fry could save the world from an attack of giant hovering brains.
The first episode begins in the year 2999 later 3000, a time where there are many technological advancements, as well as a place where 21st century problems are treated as everyday situations.
In a jab at segregation, for example, the series depicts the human prejudice against mutants as being so great that the latter have been forced to live underground in the sewers.
The characters' home on Earth is the city of New New York, built over the ruins of present-day New York City, referred to as "Old New York".
There is a fictional religion named Robotology in the television show.
It is similar to United States black churches.
Channel Links
2013 American television series endings
2010s American animated television series
2000s American animated television series
American time travel television series
Comedy science fiction
Television series set in the future
The transmitter creates the radio waves.
The antenna directs the radio waves.
The receiver measures the waves which are bounced back by the object.
By doing this, the radar can locate the object.
Radar is used in many different ways.
It can measure the speed and number of cars on a road, the amount of water in the air, and many other things.
Radar was first used in 1904 by Christian Hülsmeyer.
He was given a patent for radar (Reichspatent Nr.
165546).
Radar was vital in the Battle of Britain and other parts of World War II.
The Axis countries failed to keep up with British and American radar technology during the war.
The word RADAR was created in 1942 as an acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging.
This acronym replaced the British initialism RDF (Radio Direction Finding).
The word is now thought of by many people as a regular word, no longer as an acronym.
ARSR (Air Route Surveillance Radar)
ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar)
ASDE (Airport Surface Detection Equipment)
TDWR (Terminal Doppler Weather Radar)
PAR (Precision Approach Radar)
Radar Technology Website
The first operational radar in France 1934
Applications of radar
Aviation safety
In the beginning the website was mainly about PC games.
Another similar site, videogamespot.com was created in December of the same year to talk about console video game systems.
In 1997, videogamespot.com became videogames.com for a short time.
Afterward in 1998, videogames.com and GameSpot.com joined together to become a single site.
GameSpot makes video game and PC reviews, previews, downloads, news, and information.
It is known as one of the biggest game websites on the Internet.
ZDNet bought GameSpot later on.
However ZDNet was later bought by CNET Networks, who were then bought by CBS Corporation in March 2008.
CBS Interactive are the current owners of GameSpot.
TV.com is a popular website owned by the CNET Games & Entertainment family of websites, which also includes GameSpot, GameFAQs and MP3.com.
The website replaced the popular TV Tome website.
The website has information about television (mostly English-language television in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Ireland).
Other than episode guides, TV.com also has news, reviews, photos, trailers and TV listings.
People can also get accounts on TV.com like other CNET websites.
Users get a user page and can keep track of television shows.
They can also add things like episode details and cast members.
In the Roman Catholic Church, Cardinals are given the right of election of the Pope.
Prior to this, the pope was selected by election by the clergy and congregation of the church.
Tunis is conquered by the Almohad caliphs.
Marie of Boulogne becomes the Countess of Boulogne
September 1: Pope Adrian IV dies.
Olive is a color which looks like green or yellow. (
when gray or black is added to yellow, the various shades of the color olive are produced).
Some dark shades of olive can also be made by mixing a darker color (like brown) with green.
The most common place you will find the color olive is on an olive.
It is the color of the outside of an olive.
An olive's center is usually brown or sometimes orange or red.
Meaning of olive