the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Illegitimate, screenplay by Ruganda, Voice of Kenya, August 1982
Horn, "Uhuru to Amin: T he Golden Decade of Theatre in Uganda," Literary Half-Yearly, 19, no.
1 (1978): 22-49.
Peter Nazareth, "Africa under Neocolonialism: New East African Writing".
Busara, 6, no.
1  (1974): 19-32.
Mineke Schipper.
Theatre and Society in Africa (Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1982).
"Party People'" is a 2008 Hip hop/crunk/rave/chopped and screwed/R&B/West coast hip hop song by American rapper Nelly.
The song features American singer Fergie.
It was the first single from his fifth studio album Brass Knuckles.
The song was released on March 18, 2008.
The song reached #7 on the New Zealand Singles Chart, #12 on the Irish Singles Chart, #14 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, #14 on the UK Singles Chart and #16 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Rap Tracks, #23 on the German Singles Chart, #37 on the U.S. Billboard Pop 100, #40 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, #46 on the Austrian Singles Chart, #52 on the Canadian Hot 100 and #62 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
A Just Russia  (, СР, Spravedlivaya Rossiya, SR), also translated as Fair Russia, is a social democratic party in Russia that currently holds 38/450 seats in the State Duma.
The party was created on October 28, 2006.
Nikolai Vladimirovich Levichev (, born May 28, 1953) is a Russian politician, and the leader of A Just Russia party.
He was elected the party leader on April 16, 2011.
"Body on Me'" is a 2008 R&B/Hip hop song by American rapper Nelly.
The song features singer Ashanti and Akon.
It was the second single from his fifth studio album Brass Knuckles and is also the second single  from Ashanti's fourth album The Declaration.
The song was released on June 9, 2008.
The song reached #10 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Rap Tracks, #12 on the Irish Singles Chart, #17 on the UK Singles Chart, #32 on the Australian Singles Chart, #42 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, #57 on the Canadian Hot 100, #58 on the U.S. Billboard Pop 100, #69 on the U.S. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
"Stepped on My J'z'" is a 2008 Hip hop/Crunk&B song by American rapper Nelly.
The song features singer Ciara and rapper Jermaine Dupri.
It was the third single from his fifth studio album Brass Knuckles.
The song was released on June 11, 2008 as a digital download and on July 1, 2008 on the U.S. radio.
"Just a Dream'" is a 2010 Hip hop/R&B/pop song by American rapper Nelly.
It was the first single from his sixth studio album 5.0.
The song was released on August 16, 2010.
Colmar is a commune in Alsace in north-eastern France, in the Haut-Rhin department, of which it is a prefecture.
Colmar is in the north of the Haut-Rhin department.
It is in the plain of Alsace, to the east of the Vosgues mountains.
The Lauch river, a tributary of the Ill river, flows through the commune.
The commune of Altkirch is surrounded by the following communes:
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Colmar is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Colmar is .
The average temperature for the year in Colmar is .
The inhabitants of Colmar are known, in French, as Colmariens (women: Colmariennes).
With a population of 68,784, Colmar has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Colmar forms, together with 6 other communes, the urban area of Colmar with a population of 93,858 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .
This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Colmar, formed by 39 communes with a population of 129,678 inhabitants and an area of .
Colmar is the prefecture of the Haut-Rhin department since 1800.
It is the capital of the Colmar-Ribeauvillé arrondissement and is also the administrative centre () of 2 cantons:
Colmar-1, formed with a part of Colmar and the commune Ingersheim, with 44,524 inhabitants (2014).
Colmar-2, formed with a part of Colmar and 12 communes, with 51,221 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Colmar Agglomération.
Schongau, Bavaria, Germany
Lucca, Italy
Princeton, United States
Eisenstadt, Austria
Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
Vale of White Horse, United Kingdom
Ville de Colmar - Official site
Ville de Colmar - Colmar Alsace France Tourist Office
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Cicely (Myrrhis odorata), also called sweet cicely, is a plant in the family Apiaceae.
It is a tall perennial plant, growing to 2 meters tall.
The leaves are divided.
The seeds are slender.
"Move That Body'" is a 2010 hip hop/electro hop song by American rapper Nelly.
The song features singers T-Pain and Akon.
It was the second single from his sixth studio album 5.0.
The song was released on October 12, 2010.
The music video for Move That Body first appeared on Nelly's official VEVO on October 19 2010.
This is a list of the 377 communes of the Haut-Rhin département, in France.
(CAC) Communauté d'agglomération of Colmar, created in 2004.
(CAM) Communauté d'agglomération Mulhouse Sud Alsace, created in 2001.
The following is a list of the 527 communes of the Bas-Rhin département, in France.
(CUS) Communauté urbaine of Strasbourg, created in 1966.
(CAS) Communauté d'agglomération of Sarreguemines Confluences, created in 2002, most of which is located in the Moselle département.
The département of the Pyrénées-Orientales is composed of 226 communes.
Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan is still spoken (in addition to French) by a significant minority of the population.
The Catalan names of communes are taken from the Enciclopèdia catalana and are intended for comparison with the official French names: they do not indicate the current or former linguistic status of the commune.
(CATM) Commune forming part of the Communauté d'agglomération Têt Méditerranée, created in 2001.
Former communes and names
Amélie-les-Bains → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1942)
Angoustrine → Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (1973)
Anills → Ponteilla (< 1800)
Argelès → Argelès-sur-Mer (1840)
Arles-les-Bains → Amélie-les-Bains (1840) → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1942)
Ayguatébia → Ayguatébia-Talau (1983)
Aytua → Escaro (1822)
Bajande → Estavar (1822)
Belloc → Villefranche (< 1800) → Villefranche-de-Conflent (1893)
Belpuig → Prunet-et-Belpuig (< 1800)
Bessegarde → L'Écluse (< 1800) → Les Cluses (1984)
Boiça → Alénya (< 1800)
Cabanes → Saint-Génis (< 1800) → Saint-Génis-des-Fontaines (1968)
Caldegas → Bourg-Madame (1973)
Canet → Canet-en-Roussillon-Saint-Nazaire (1972) → Canet-en-Roussillon (1983)
Canet-en-Roussillon-Saint-Nazaire → Canet-en-Roussillon and Saint-Nazaire (1983)
Caudiès → Caudiès-de-Conflent (1983)
Caudiès → Caudiès-de-Fenouillèdes (1898)
Château-Roussillon → Perpignan (< 1800)
Comes → Eus (1828)
Corneilla → Corneilla-de-Conflent (1933)
Cortals → La Llagonne (1822)
L'Écluse → Les Cluses (1984)
En → Nyer (1822)
Espira → Espira-de-Conflent (1933)
Évol → Olette (1827)
Fetges → Sauto (< 1800)
Flassa → Jujols (< 1800)
Fontanils → Arles-sur-Tech (1823)
Garrieux → Salses (< 1800)
Garrius → Salses (< 1800)
Hix → Bourg-Madame (1815)
Les Horts → Serdinya (1822)
Las Illas → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
Ille → Ille-sur-Têt (1953)
Laroque → Laroque-des-Albères (1953)
Lavaill → Sorède (1822)
Levilar → Villelongue-dels-Monts (1803)
Llar → Canaveilles (1821)
Marcevol → Arboussols (1822)
Marians → Souanyas (1822)
Maureillas → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
Molitg → Molitg-les-Bains (1970)
Montalba → Montalba-d'Amélie (1933) → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1963)
Montalba → Montalba-le-Château (1933)
Montalba-d'Amélie → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1963)
Montesquieu → Montesquieu-des-Albères (1992)
Nidolère → Tresserre (< 1800)
Nyls → Ponteilla (< 1800)
Odeillo → Odeillo-Via (1900) → Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via (1957)
Odeillo-Via → Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via (1957)
Opoul → Opoul-Périllos (1972)
Palalda → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1942)
Palau → Palau-de-Cerdagne (1936)
Palol → Céret (1823)
Passa-Llauro-Tordères → Llauro, Passa and Tordères (1989)
La Pave → Argelès (< 1800) → Argelès-sur-Mer (1840)
La Perche → La Cabanasse (< 1800)
Perillos → Opoul-Périllos (1972)
Pézilla → Pézilla-de-Conflent (1933)
Porté → Porté-Puymorens (1954)
Prats → Prats-de-Sournia (1933)
Prats → Prats-Saint-Thomas (< 1800) → Fontpédrouse (1822)
Prats-de-Mollo → Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste (1956)
Prats-Saint-Thomas → Fontpédrouse (1822)
Prunet → Prunet-et-Belpuig (< 1800)
Ria → Ria-Sirach-Urbanya (1973)
Ria-Sirach-Urbanya → Ria-Sirach and Urbanya (1983)
Riunogues → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
Ro → Saillagouse (1822)
Rohet → Llo (< 1800)
Sahorle → Vinça (< 1800)
Saillagouse-Llo → Llo and Saillagouse (1984)
Saint-Génis → Saint-Génis-des-Fontaines (1968)
Saint-Martin → Maureillas (1823) → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
Saint-Paul → Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet (1953)
Saint-Thomas → Prats-Saint-Thomas (< 1800) → Fontpédrouse (1822)
Salses → Salses-le-Château (1986)
Selva → Las Illas (1823) → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
Serrabonne → Boule-d'Amont (1822)
Sirach → Ria (1822) → Ria-Sirach-Urbanya (1973) → Ria-Sirach (1983)
Talau → Ayguatébia-Talau (1983)
Taxo-d'Amont → Saint-André (< 1800)
Taxo-d'Avall → Argelès (< 1800) → Argelès-sur-Mer (1840)
Thuès-Dellar → Thuès-Entre-Valls (1822)
Touren → Sahorre (1822)
Vedrinyans → Saillagouse (1822)
Vernet → Vernet-les-Bains (1953)
Via → Odeillo (1822)→ Odeillo-Via (1900) → Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via (1957)
Villefranche → Villefranche-de-Conflent (1893)
Villeneuve-des-Escaldes → Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (1973)
Villerach → Clara (1822)
Villeroge → Coustouges (< 1800)
Chenpi, also called chen pi, is sun-dried tangerine peel used as a traditional seasoning in Chinese cooking and traditional medicine.
They have a bitter taste.
Carl Richard Woese  (July 15, 1928 – December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist.
Woese is famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain or kingdom of life) in 1977.
He used phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique pioneered by him which is now standard practice.
He was also the originator of the RNA world hypothesis in 1977, although not by that name.
He was the Stanley O. Ikenberry professor of microbiology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Work and discoveries
The tree of life shows the diversity of microbes.
Single-celled organisms represent the vast majority of the biosphere's diversity.
This is surprising to some, given our familiarity with the larger metazoan world.
Microbes are responsible for many biochemical cycles and are crucial to the whole biosphere.
Woese's efforts to clarify the evolution and diversity of microbes was an invaluable service to ecology, conservation and evolutionary biology.
Woese was born on July 15, 1928 in Syracuse, New York.
He studied at Amherst College and at Yale University.
Woese died on December 30, 2012 in his home in Urbana, Illinois from pancreatic cancer, aged 84.
Woese's homepage
Cancer deaths in Illinois
"Gone'" is a 2011 R&B song by American rapper Nelly.
The song features singer Kelly Rowland.
It is the sequel to their 2002 song, Dilemma.
It was the third single from his sixth studio album 5.0.
The song was released on January 4, 2011.
It is one of six legal deposit libraries for works published in the United Kingdom and under Irish Law it is entitled to request a copy of each book published in the Republic of Ireland.
It has had rights of legal deposit for books since the 17th century.
Though members of the University may borrow some books from some dependent libraries (such as the Radcliffe Science Library), the vast majority of the material held by the Bodleian may only be read within the library buildings.
Besides books, periodicals and manuscripts there are smaller collections of other types of material.
The Library occupies a group of five buildings near Broad Street in central Oxford: the oldest is the late medieval Duke Humfrey's Library.
The newest is the Weston Library which opened in 2015, built from an overhaul of what the New Bodleian which dates from the 1930s.
Since the 19th century a number of underground stores have been built below parts of these.
Though Duke Humfrey's Library was a library for the university from 1488 to 1560 the Bodleian itself was founded by Sir Thomas Bodley in the years 1598 to 1602.
In the following centuries it greatly increased in size through collections of books donated by benefactors and through books received through legal deposit.
Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper, Nelly.
The album was released on June 27, 2000.
The album was made a mainstream success and sold over 235,000 copies on its number one week.
Nelly albums
Saltash is a town in south east Cornwall, United Kingdom.
It has a population of 14,964.
It is separated from the city of Plymouth in Devon by the River Tamar.
Saltash is the largest town within the East Cornwall area.
One of the landmarks of Saltash is the Royal Albert Bridge, 1859, which carries the railway line across the River Tamar.
Alongside it is the Tamar Bridge, a toll bridge carrying the A38 trunk road.
Saltash railway station is close to the town centre.
The station is served by a regular train service, with some direct High Speed services to and from London Paddington.
Nellyville is the second studio album by American rapper, Nelly.
The album was released on June 25, 2002.
The album first debuted at #1 on the Billboard charts  and also sold more than 714,000 records in its first week of release.
Sweat is the third studio album by American rapper, Nelly.
The album was released on September 14, 2004.
The album first debuted at #2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 200 charts and also sold more than 342,000 records in its first week of release.
Or My Mom Will Shoot is a 1992 American action-comedy movie that was produced by Ivan Reitman, Joe Medjuck and Michael C. Gross and was directed by Roger Spottiswoode.
The movie was released on February 21, 1992 in North America.
The movie received extremely negative reviews with a 4% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and Roger Ebert gave the movie half a star out of five stating that "There isn't a laugh in this movie.
Not a single one".
The movie won a three Golden Raspberry Awards for Stallone as Worst Actor, Getty as Worst Supporting Actress and the movie earning Worst Screenplay.
Sylvester Stallone as Sgt.
Joseph Andrew 'Joe' Bomowski
Estelle Getty as Mrs. Tutti Bomowski
JoBeth Williams as Lt.
Gwen Harper
John Wesley as Sgt.
Ving Rhames as Mr. Stereo
Al Fann as Sgt.
Roger Rees as J. Parnell
Martin Ferrero as Paulie
Gailard Sartain as Munroe
Dennis Burkley as Mitchell
Freddy Got Fingered is a 2001 American comedy movie produced by Larry Brezner, Howard Lapides and Lauren Lloyd.
It was directed by Tom Green.
The movie is about a 28-year-old man who lives in his parents' basement in Portland, Oregon.
He drives to Los Angeles and attempts to become an animator.
The movie was released on April 20, 2001 in North America.
The movie received very negative reviews with a 11% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
Movie critic Roger Ebert rated the movie a rare zero-stars rating and listed it as one of his most hated movies of all-time.
He described the movie as: "This movie doesn't scrape the bottom of the barrel.
This movie isn't the bottom of the barrel.
This movie isn't below the bottom of the barrel.
This movie doesn't deserve to be mentioned in the same sentence with barrels[...].
The day may come when Freddy Got Fingered is seen as a milestone of neo-surrealism.
The day may never come when it is seen as funny."
It is considered one of the worst movies of all time, but has a cult following.
Tom Green as Gordon "Gord" Brody
Rip Torn as James "Jim" Brody
Marisa Coughlan as Betty
Eddie Kaye Thomas as Frederick "Freddy" Brody
Harland Williams as Darren
Anthony Michael Hall as Dave Davidson
Julie Hagerty as Julie Brody
Drew Barrymore as Davidson's receptionist
Shaquille O'Neal as Shaquille
2001 comedy movies
The Adventures of Pluto Nash is an 1997 American science fiction action comedy movie.
It was produced by Martin Bregman, Michael Scott Bregman and Louis A. Stroller and was directed by Ron Underwood.
The movie was released on April 18, 1997 in North America.
The movie received very negative reviews with a 6% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 12 out of 100 from Metacritic.
The movie was a huge box office bomb, the movie grossed around $7.1 million and the budget for the movie was $100 million.
The movie was nominated for 5 Golden Raspberry Awards.
Alec Baldwin as Pluto Nash/Rex Crater
Randy Quaid as Bruno
Rosario Dawson as Dina Lake
Joe Pantoliano as Mogan
Jay Mohr as Tony Francis
Luis Guzmán as Felix Laranga
James Rebhorn as Belcher
Peter Boyle as Rowland
Pam Grier as Flura Nash
John Cleese as James
Burt Young as Gino
Miguel A. Núñez, Jr. as Miguel
Illeana Douglas as Dr. Mona Zimmer
Richard Raybourne as Bartender Phil
Kelsey Grammer as Michael Zoroaster Marucci (MZM) (uncredited)
Camborne is a town in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.
It is at the western edge of a conurbation consisting of Camborne, Pool and Redruth.
The population of Camborne was 20,010 at the 2001 census.
The population of the whole conurbation was 39,937, making it the largest conurbation in Cornwall.
It is no longer an industrial town but the Camborne and Redruth district was formerly one of the richest tin mining areas in the world.
The Camborne School of Mines was founded here in the 19th century to train engineers to work in the tin mines and is still in the town.
Two of the famous mines of Camborne were Dolcoath, the 'Queen of Cornish Mines' (closed 1921), once the deepest mine in the world, and South Crofty, the last working tin mine in Europe, which closed in 1998.
On Christmas Eve 1801, the Puffing Devil, a steam-powered road vehicle built by Camborne engineer Richard Trevithick, moved up Camborne Hill.
The events have been turned into a local song:
Going up Camborne Hill, coming down,
The horses stood still,
The wheels turn around,
Going up Camborne Hill, coming down.
Michael Todd (June 22, 1909 – March 22, 1958), also known as Mike Todd, was an American theatre and movie producer.
He is known for making movies, starting the movie formats of Cinerama and Todd-AO, and his 1957 marriage to actress Elizabeth Taylor (1930-2011).
Todd's 1956 production of Around the World in Eighty Days won an Academy Award for Best Picture.
Todd is also well known as the third of Elizabeth Taylor's seven husbands.
Todd was born Avrom Hirsch Goldbogen in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Chaim Goldbogen (an Orthodox rabbi) and Sophia Hellerman, both Polish Jewish immigrants.
He was one of nine children in a poor family, the youngest son, and his siblings nicknamed him "Toat" to mimic his difficulty saying the word "coat".
It was from this nickname that his name "Todd" was derived (said in Germanic/Yiddish as "Tote").
The family later moved to Chicago, arriving on the day World War I ended.
Todd was expelled in the sixth grade for running a game of craps inside the school.
In high school, he produced the school play, The Mikado, which was considered a hit.
He eventually dropped out of high school and worked at a variety of jobs, including shoe salesman and store window decorator.
One of his first jobs was as a soda jerk at a drugstore.
When that drugstore went out of business, Todd had learned enough medical knowledge from his work there to be hired at Chicago's Michael Reese Hospital, as a type of "security guard" to stop visitors from bringing in food that was not on each patient's diet.
At age 17, Todd married Bertha Freshman in Crown Point, Indiana, on Valentine's Day 1927.
He had been serious about Bertha since age 14, but needed to develop confidence before even asking her out.
In 1929, she bore him a son, Michael Todd, Jr. A turning point came for Todd when his father died in 1931; Avrom Goldbogen made the decision to change his name to "Michael Todd" on the same day.
Bertha Todd died of a pneumothorax (collapsed lung) in 1946 in Santa Monica, California, while undergoing surgery at St. John's Hospital, for a damaged tendon in her finger.
Todd and his wife were separated at the time of her death; less than a week before, he had filed for divorce.
The following year, Todd married actress Joan Blondell on July 5, 1947.
They were divorced on June 8, 1950, after she alleged that he had abused and extorted her.
Todd's third marriage was to the actress Elizabeth Taylor, with whom he had a tempestuous relationship.
The couple exchanged vows on February 2, 1957.
Todd was 47 and Taylor was 24; he was her third husband.
Todd and Taylor had a daughter, Elizabeth Frances (Liza) Todd, who was born on August 7, 1957.
On 22 March 1958, Todd's private plane Lucky Liz crashed near Grants, New Mexico.
The plane, a twin-engine Lockheed Lodestar, suffered an engine failure while being flown overloaded in icing conditions.
The plane was flying at an altitude which was too high to sustain flight with only one working engine under those conditions.
The plane went out of control and crashed, killing all 4 people on board.
In addition to Todd, those who died in the crash were screenwriter and author Art Cohn, who was writing Todd's biography The Nine Lives of Mike Todd; pilot Bill Verner; and co-pilot Tom Barclay.
Taylor wanted to fly to New York with her husband, but stayed home with a cold after her pleas to come along were overruled by Todd.
Just hours before the crash, Todd described the plane as safe as he phoned friends, including Joseph Mankiewicz and Kirk Douglas, in an attempt to recruit a gin rummy player for the flight: "Ah, c'mon," he said. "
It's a good, safe plane.
I wouldn't let it crash.
I'm taking along a picture of Elizabeth, and I wouldn't let anything happen to her."
His son, Mike Jr., wanted his father's body to be cremated after it was identified through dental records and brought to Albuquerque, New Mexico, but Taylor refused, saying he would not want cremation.
Todd was buried in Forest Park, Illinois, at Beth Aaron Cemetery in plot 66, which is part of Jewish Waldheim there.
In his autobiography, Eddie Fisher, who considered himself to be Todd's best friend, stated:
The remains were desecrated by thieves, who broke into Todd's coffin looking for a $100,000 diamond ring, which, according to rumor, Taylor had placed on her husband's finger prior to his burial.
The bag containing Todd's remains was found under a tree near his burial plot; the bag and coffin had been sealed in Albuquerque after Todd's remains were identified following the 1958 crash.
Todd's remains were once more identified through dental records and were reburied in a secret location.
Todd began his career in the construction business, where he made a fortune but later lost it.
He opened the so-called College of Bricklaying of America, buying the materials to teach bricklaying on credit.
The school was forced to shut its doors when the Bricklayers' Union did not view the college as an accepted place of study.
Their company was worth over a million dollars but came to an abrupt halt when its financial backing failed in the wake of the Great Depression.
Not yet twenty-one, Todd had lost over a million dollars with the loss of his backer.
He was now the father of an infant son and had no home for his family.
He later served as a contractor to Hollywood studios, and during the 1933-1934  Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago, he produced an attraction called the "Flame Dance."
In this number, gas jets were designed to burn part of a dancer's costume off, leaving her naked in appearance.
The act attracted enough attention to bring an offer from the Casino de Paris club in New York City.
Todd got his first taste of Broadway life with that engagement and was determined to find a way to work there.
He came up with the idea of producing the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta The Mikado with an all-African-American cast.
The Hot Mikado, starring Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, opened on Broadway March 23, 1939.
His Broadway success gave him the nerve to try taking on showman Billy Rose.
Todd visited Grover Whalen, president of the 1939 New York World's Fair, with a proposal to bring the Broadway show to the World's Fair.
Whelan, eager to have the show at the fair, covered Todd's Broadway early closing costs.
Rose, who had an exclusivity clause in his fair contract, met Todd at Lindy's, where Rose learned his contract covered new forms of entertainment only.
Todd's Mikado dated back to 1885.
To avoid any head-to head competition, Rose quickly agreed to promote Todd's production along with his own.
Todd went on to produce 30 Broadway shows during his career.
In 1945, Todd suggested the idea of holding the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in newly-liberated Berlin (Germany).
Although baseball's new commissioner Happy Chandler was reportedly "intrigued" by the idea, it was ultimately dismissed as impractical.
The game was finally cancelled due to wartime travel restrictions.
In 1952, Todd made a production of the Johann Strauss II operetta, A Night In Venice, complete with floating gondolas at the then-newly constructed Jones Beach Theatre in Long Island, New York.
It ran for two seasons.
In 1950, Mike Todd formed The Cinerama Company with the broadcaster Lowell Thomas (who founded Capital Cities Communications) and the inventor Fred Waller.
The company was created to exploit Cinerama, a movie process created by Waller that used three movie projectors to create a giant composite image on a curved screen.
The first Cinerama feature, This is Cinerama, was released in September 1952.
Before its release, Todd left the Cinerama Company to develop a widescreen process which would eliminate some of Cinerama's flaws.
The result was the Todd-AO process, designed by the American Optical Company.
The process was first used commercially for the successful 1955 movie adaptation of Oklahoma! (
starring Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones).
Todd later produced the movie for which he is best remembered, Michael Todd's Around the World in 80 Days, which debuted in cinemas on October 17, 1956.
Costing $6 million to produce, the movie earned $16 million at the box office.
In 1957, Around the World in 80 Days won the Best Picture Academy Award.
A William Woolfolk novel from the early 1960s, entitled My Name Is Morgan, was considered to be loosely based on Todd's life and career.
Selected Broadway productions
Call Me Ziggy (Play, Farce, 1937)
The Hot Mikado (Musical, Operetta, 1939)
Something for the Boys (Musical, Comedy, 1943)
Mexican Hayride  (Musical, Comedy,1944)
Up in Central Park  (Musical, Comedy, 1945)
As the Girls Go  (Musical, Comedy, 1948)
Dictionary of First Names,
City of Light : The Story of Fiber Optics,
Cohn, Art.
The Nine Lives of Mike Todd.
Hutchinson of London, 1959.
Elizabeth: The Life of Elizabeth Taylor.
Grove Press, 2001.
Mike Todd's "A Night in Venice" on Amazon.com
Mike Todd - Accident Report Aviation Safety - March 22, 1958
colspan="3" style="background:#C1D8FF;"| Husband of Elizabeth Taylor
Businesspeople from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Looe is a small coastal town and fishing port in southeast Cornwall, United Kingdom.
As of the 2001 census, 5,280 people lived there.
Looe is divided into two parts by the River Looe, East Looe and West Looe being connected by a bridge.
The town is about 20 miles (32 km) west of the city of Plymouth and seven miles (11 km) south of Liskeard.
The town is around a small harbour and along the steep-sided valley of the River Looe which flows south to the English Channel beside a sandy beach.
Off shore to the west is the picturesque Looe Island.
Lostwithiel is a small town in Cornwall, United Kingdom, at the head of the estuary of the River Fowey.
According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,739.
The town is in the Fowey river valley, between the A390 road from Tavistock to Truro and the upper tidal reaches of the river.
It is at the south of the town, just across the medieval bridge which was built in the early 14th century.
Penryn is a small town in south Cornwall, United Kingdom.
It is on the Penryn River about one mile (1.6 km) northwest of Falmouth.
The population was 7,166 in the 2001 census.
Penryn was in the Middle Ages an important port but underwent a severe decline after Falmouth had been established in the 17th century.
Today it is a busy town and has managed to retain a much of its heritage; a large proportion of its buildings date back to Tudor, Jacobean and Georgian times, the town is an important conservation area, and has more listed buildings than any other town in Cornwall.
St Agnes is a large village on the north coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom, and a popular tourist destination.
St Agnes is about five miles (8 km) north of Redruth and ten miles (16 km) southwest of Newquay.
St Agnes and the surrounding area were once reliant on the industries of fishing, farming and mining for copper and tin.
Mining came to an end in the 1920s and many of these mines are still on view for any tourists.
Lillix (formerly Tigerlily) is a Canadian pop rock band from Cranbrook, British Columbia.
Lillex has five members in the band; the current band members are Tasha-Ray Evin, Lacey-Lee Evin, Eric Hoodicoff, Cameron Brass and Alex Varon.
They released their third studio album, Tigerlily on August 24, 2010.
Tasha-Ray Evin
Lacey-Lee Evin
Eric Hoodicoff
Cameron Brass
Alex Varon
Louise Burns
Ashley Grobell
Sierra Hills
Kim Urhahn
Alicia Warrington
Scott Thompson
Britt Black
Falling Uphill (2003)
Inside the Hollow (2006)
Tigerlily (2010)
It's About Time (2001)
What I Like About You (2002)
Tomorrow (2003)
Sweet Temptation (Hollow) (2006)
Nowhere to Run (2010)
Dreamland (2010)
Lillix Official website
Natalia Noemi Cappuccini (born 15 August 1986) is an English R&B singer-songwriter, and actress who is better known by her stage name, Natalia Kills.
She was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire to a Uruguayan mother and Jamaican father.
She released her debut album Perfectionist on 1 April 2011 which features the singles, "Mirrors", "Wonderland" and "Free".
She will be helping Ke$ha on her UK tour along with LMFAO.
2011: Perfectionist
2013: Trouble
2005: "Don't Play Nice"
2010: "Mirrors
2011: "Wonderland"
2011: "Free"
2012: "Kill My Boyfriend"
2013: "Problem"
2013: "Saturday Night"
Musicians from Bradford
The cloaca is a common rear opening in land vertebrates.
Through this opening, the animals expel urine and faeces, and carry out reproduction.
The cloaca is a primitive or 'basal' feature of tetrapods.
All amphibia, all sauropsids (reptiles and birds) and even monotreme mammals possess a cloaca.
A different method is used by therian mammals, such as marsupials and placentals.
They have an anus for defecation, and another opening for urine and sexual reproduction.
The Whitehurst & Son Sundial was produced in Derby in 1812 by the nephew of John Whitehurst.
It is now in the Derby Museum and Art Gallery.
This is a precise sundial which tells not only local apparent time but also local mean time using a scale on it.
It is accurate to the nearest minute.
The Whitehurst family was known in Derby as skillful mechanics.
John Whitehurst (1713–1788) was born in Congleton, but came to Derby where he became a watch and clock maker.
He moved to London to assume the post of Inspector of Weights.
His nephew continued the business under the name of Whitehurst & Son.
The family business was known for their turret clocks.
To construct a sundial, one must understand the geometry of the solar system, and particularly how the sun will cast a shadow onto a flat surface, in this case a horizontal surface.
Each day over a yearly cycle the shadow will be different from the day before, and the shadow is specific to the location of the dial, particularly its latitude.
The dial is designed to tell local apparent time so the longitude is not important.
In this case, noon will be at the point when the sun is highest in sky and due south, and standard time would be when the sun was due south at another point such as the Royal Observatory at Greenwich.
Derby is at 1° 28′ 46.2″ West of Greenwich,  so the sun is approximately 5 mins and 52.05 s later in reaching noon.
And also when telling the time, we must consider the equation of time.
That is to say, as the earth moves around the sun in a slight ellipse, day length slightly varies everyday.
For example, the difference from the average becomes up to 16 minutes in November and February.
This equation of time had been really unknown for a long time until people started comparing sundials with mechanical clocks.
If a clock ignores this difference, it measures average time.
If a clock is re balanced each day to make them correspond with the natural cycle, it measures local mean time.
A fixed noon and fixed day are essential for railways timetabling, so Greenwich Mean Time was adopted.
In the case of Midland Railway, it was by January 1848.
This particular bronze sundial is marked "Whitehurst and Son/Derby/1812" and is thought to have been made for George Benson Strutt (who was the younger brother of the cotton spinner William Strutt), for his home Bridge Hill House, in Belper.
This has the precise location of 53° 1′ 49.08″ north, and 1° 29′ 26.88″ West of Greenwich, which is slightly different from those of Derby, at 52° 55′ 00″ north, a difference of 6′ 49″. The Longitude is almost same, and gives only a 2 second time difference.
The Gnomon
The dial is stoutly made and has one thick style (gnomon, a stick which casts shadow on the plate).
The dial plate is not one complete circle but two semicircles separated by the thickness of the style.
In this design of sundial, the angle of the style to the dial plate is exactly the same as latitude, which is 53° 1′ 49″ (the latitude of the Bridge Hill House).
The dial plate will be perfectly horizontal there.
In case it is placed at different location, slight adjustment for latitude is required by slanting the dial plate.
As the dial is now 0° 6′ 49″, or about 1/10th of a degree south- the nose of the gnomon needs to be raised by that amount.
The dial plate
In the horizontal sundial (also called a garden sundial), the plane that receives the shadow is aligned horizontally. (
In the equatorial dial, the style stands vertically against the plate.)
Hence, the line of shadow does not rotate uniformly on the dial face.
Consequently, the hour lines are spaced according to a calculation.
where λ is the sundial's geographical latitude (and the angle the style makes with horizontal), θ is the angle between a given hour-line and the noon hour-line (which always points towards true North) on the plane, and t is the number of hours before or after noon.
The Maths
For each of the hours 1 to 6, the formula is calculated.
For instance at 3 hours after noon, we substitute the numbers 53.03 and 3 into the formula
{| border=1
|+ A dial for Belper 53.03
|One hour||	11.791779
|Two hours ||	24.219060
|Three hours||	37.922412
|Four hours||	53.460042
|Five hours||	71.020970
|Six hours||	90.000000
In the same manner, the half hours and the minute lines would be calculated.
As noon is set exactly on the north-south line, and not 5' and 54" (time difference between Belper and Greenwich) to one side, we can tell that this dial is telling Belper time and not Greenwich time.
Significantly, on the plate we can see a pair of scales that help the observer make the equation of time correction.
One scale gives the date in months and days.
Along side of it, another scale is engraved with the minutes on that day that the watch would be running faster or slower.
Here it is labeled "Watch Slower, Watch Faster.
The 15th April is one day when no conversion needs to be made.
This dial can be used both to read solar time shown by sundials and also the mean time that is favoured by clocks, with the practical purpose that observers can use the dial to calibrate their pocket watches, which in 1812 would not always run true.
By 1820 watches manufacture had improved and the Lever escapement had become popular, so frequent calibration was no longer needed.
Other Commissions
John Whitehurst
Slightly amended reprint of the 1970 translation published by University of Toronto Press (Toronto).
The original was published in 1965 under the title Les Cadrans solaires by Gauthier-Villars (Montrouge, France).
A chimney is a structure used to ventilate hot flue gases  or  smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere.
Most chimneys are vertical, or almost vertical, to make sure that the gases flow easily, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney, effect.
The space inside a chimney is called a flue.
Chimneys may be found in buildings, steam locomotives and ships.
In the United States, the term smokestack  is also used when talking about locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, the word funnel can be used too.
The Height of a chimney is really important, when higher, chimney's dispersion of pollutants will not cause too much influence on surrounding areas.
Tall chimneys also allow chemicals to self-neutralize in the air before they reach the ground.
A Home appliance is any electrical machine use to complete some household task, such as cooking or cleaning.
Home appliances can be classified into:
Major appliances, or White goods
Small appliances, or Brown goods
This division is also detectable in the service area of these kinds of products.
Most Brown goods require high technical knowledge and skills, while white goods need more practical skills and "brute force" to make the devices work, and heavy tools required to repair them.
Gould spent most of his career teaching at Harvard University and working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.
In the latter years of his life, Gould also taught biology and evolution at New York University near his home in SoHo.
Gould's greatest contribution to science was the theory of punctuated equilibrium, which he developed with Niles Eldredge in 1972.
The theory proposes that most evolution is marked by long periods of evolutionary stability, which is punctuated by rare instances of branching evolution.
The theory was contrasted against the idea that evolutionary change is marked by a pattern of smooth and continuous change in the fossil record.
Most of Gould's empirical research was based on the snail genera Poecilozonites and Cerion.
He also contributed to evolutionary developmental biology, and has received wide praise for his book Ontogeny and Phylogeny.
In evolutionary theory he opposed strict selectionism, sociobiology as applied to humans, and evolutionary psychology.
He campaigned against creationism.
Many of Gould's Natural History essays were reprinted in collected volumes.
John Richard Peverley (born July 8, 1982 in Guelph, Ontario) is a former Canadian ice hockey center.
Peverley played hockey in the ECHL for 2 seasons with the South Carolina Stingrays and Reading Royals.
He has formerly played for the Nashville Predators for 3 seasons, the Atlanta Thrashers for 3 seasons and the Boston Bruins for 3 seasons.
On March 10, 2014, during a game against the Columbus Blue Jackets, he collapsed on the team bench.
He has had heart conditions in the past and missed a few games the week earlier when he didn't feel well after a game.
He is in stable condition.
The NHL released a state on Peverley's health saying: "Dallas player Rich Peverley is doing well and is in stable condition.
He was transported to the hospital."
As a result of the emotional state of the players on both teams caused by the medical emergency, the game was rescheduled to April 9.
The Bengali Wikipedia is the Bengali language version of the Wikipedia.
Bengali is the language of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam.
Bengali is an Indo-Aryan (coming from the region of India and Pakistan) language.
Nathan Russell Horton (born May 29, 1985 in Welland, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger that currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Horton played hockey in the OHL for 2 seasons with the Oshawa Generals.
He has formerly played for the Florida Panthers for 3 seasons and the Boston Bruins for 3 seasons.
During his time with the Bruins, Horton won the Stanley Cup with them on June 15, 2011 when the Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4-0.
On July 5, 2013, Horton agreed to terms on a seven-year contract with the Columbus Blue Jackets.
Psocoptera are an order of winged insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies.
They first appeared in the Permian period, 295–248 million years ago.
They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipterans.
Their name originates from the Greek word psokos meaning gnawed or rubbed and ptera meaning wings.
There are more than 5,500 species in 41 families in three suborders.
Thrips are an order of insects, the Thysanoptera.
They are tiny, slender insects with fringed wings.
Other common names for them are thunderflies, thunderbugs, storm flies, thunderblights, and corn lice.
The scientific name for the order Thysanoptera comes from the Greek thysanos (fringe) and pteron (wing).
Thrips feed on a large variety of plants and animals by puncturing them and sucking up the contents.
Thrips species are pests if they feed on plants with commercial value.
Thrips found in the British Isles are tiny insects, just 1-2mm long, but in other parts of the world they can be up to 14 mm.
They have two pairs of narrow, fringed wings, although some are wingless.
More than 6,000 species of thrips are known around the world, with over 300 of these in Europe and about 150 native to Britain.
Cymbopogon (lemongrass) is a tall perennial plant.
Its common names include lemon grass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, citronella grass, and others.
There are between 55 and 70 species, most of them grow in Asia.
Lemongrass is native to the Philippines.
It is a herb.
It has a citrus taste and can be dried and powdered, or used fresh.
Lemongrass is used as a flavouring in teas, soups, and curries.
It is also used for poultry, fish, beef, and seafood dishes.
Powdered Cymbopogon citratus is used as a tea in African countries such as Togo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Latin American countries such as Mexico.
These species are used for the production of citronella oil.
This is used in soaps to repel insects (especially mosquitoes) in insect sprays, candles, and aromatherapy.
The main chemicals in citronella (geraniol and citronellol) are antiseptics.
They are used in household disinfectants and soaps.
Judith Rich Harris (February 10, 1938 – December 29, 2018) researched psychology.
She was an independent researcher, and not a university professor.
Her most famous book is The Nurture Assumption.
The book asks "Why [do] children turn out the way they do"?
Its answer is that "Parents matter less than you think and peers matter more".
Harris graduated from Tucson High School and attended the University of Arizona and Brandeis University, from where she graduated magna cum laude in 1959.
In 1961 she received a master's degree in psychology from Harvard University.
Harris's most famous work is The Nurture Assumption.
It was published in 1998.
A revised version was published in 2009.
Children often act like their parents act.
Some psychologists thought this was because of the way that parents raised their children.
Harris argues that (some or all of) this similarity is due to genetics.
Otherwise, parents are not the most important factor in child development.
This book argues that peers are more important.
Harris argues that children are socialized by peers.
Harris also wrote No Two Alike: Human Nature and Human Individuality.
It was published in February 2006.
Harris attempts to explain why people are so different in personality, even identical twins who grow up in the same home.
Opinions of her work
Later, in 1994, she developed a theory of child development, which focussed on the peer group rather than the family.
This formed the basis for a 1995 article in the Psychological Review for which she received the American Psychological Association's George A. Miller Award for an Outstanding Recent Article in General Psychology.<ref>Harris J.R. 2006.
No two alike: human nature and human individuality.
W.W. Norton.
Harris suffered from a chronic autoimmune disorder, diagnosed as a combination of lupus and multiple sclerosis.
She died on December 30, 2018 at the age of 80.
Harris, J. R., & Liebert, R. M. (1984,).
The child: development from birth through adolescence.
Harris, J. R., Shaw, M. L., & Altom, M. J. (1985).
Serial position curves for reaction time and accuracy in visual search: Tests of a model of overlapping processing.
Perception & Psychophysics, 38, 178-187.
Harris, J. R. (1995).
Where is the child's environment?
A group socialization theory of development.
Psychological Review, 102, 458-489.
Harris, J. R. (1998).
The nurture assumption: why children turn out the way they do.
Harris, J. R. (2000).
Socialization, personality development, and the child's environments.
Developmental Psychology, 36, 699-710.
Context-specific learning, personality, and birth order.
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 174-177.
Harris, J. R. (2002).
Why do people believe that birth order has important effects on personality?
The Nurture Assumption Web Site.
Retrieved 2007-08-27
Harris, J. R. (2006).
Parental selection: a third selection process in the evolution of human hairlessness and skin color.
Medical Hypotheses, 66, 1053-1059.
W.W. Norton,
She married Charles S. Harris in 1961; they have two daughters (one adopted) and four grandchildren.
Harris suffered from an autoimmune disease; she died December 29, 2018.
Judith Rich Harris's Web Site
Blame your peers, not your parents, author says, APA Monitor 29(10), October 1998, p. 9
The Parent Trap, Newsweek September 7, 1998, pp.
52–59.
Peer Pressure, New York Times Book Review'' September 13, 1998, pp.
14–15
Scientists from Tucson, Arizona
St Columb Major is a small town in Cornwall, United Kingdom.
Often referred to locally as St Columb, it is about seven miles (11 km) southwest of Wadebridge and six miles (10 km) east of Newquay.
The full name distinguishes it from the village and parish of St Columb Minor on the coast.
Twice a year the town plays host to the game of "hurling", a medieval game once common in Cornwall but now only played in St Columb and two other towns.
It is played on Shrove Tuesday and then again on the Saturday eleven days later.
The game involves two teams of several hundred people (the 'townsmen' and the 'countrymen') who attempt to carry a silver ball made of apple wood to goals set two miles (3 km) apart, making the parish the largest pitch for a ball game anywhere in the world.
Calstock () is a parish and a large village in south east Cornwall, United Kingdom, on the River Tamar near the border with Devon.
The village is  south west of Tavistock and  north of Plymouth.
The parish had a population of 6,095 in the 2001 census.
As well as Calstock, other settlements in the parish include Albaston, Chilsworthy, Gunnislake, Harrowbarrow, Latchley and Metherell.
Calstock village is within the Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and lies on the scenic Tamar Valley railway.
Mining was formerly an important industry here.
The River Tamar is a river in South West England, that forms most of the border between Devon (to the east) and Cornwall (to the west).
The Tamar's source is less than 6 km (4 miles) from the north Cornish coast, but it flows southward.
At its mouth, the Tamar flows into the Hamoaze (a wide estuary) before entering Plymouth Sound.
Tributaries of the river include the rivers Inny, Ottery, Kensey and Lynher (or St Germans River) on the Cornish side, and the Deer and Tavy on the Devon side.
King Athelstan of England made the east bank of the River Tamar the boundary between England and Cornwall in the year 936.
There are no road bridges over the lower Tamar apart from the modern Tamar Bridge at Saltash which was built to replace the ferry.
In 1859 the Royal Albert Bridge was built across the Tamar at Saltash to carry the main railway line into Cornwall.
Both bridges connect Saltash with Plymouth.
The Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers around 195 km² (75 square miles) around the lower Tamar (below Launceston) and its tributaries the Tavy and the Lynher.
It was first proposed in 1963, but was not designated until 1995.
The corinthian order is one of the three main classical orders (styles) of ancient Greek and Roman architecture.
The other two are the Doric order and Ionic order.
The Corinthian is the most decorative of the three orders.
It has thin columns that have grooves running vertically up the sides.