the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
This has damaged houses and put salt into the fresh water supplies.
People may have to leave two of the mud islands, Boigu and Saibai, unless something can be done about the rising sea.
The islands' people are called the Torres Strait Islanders.
They are Melanesian peoples related to the Papuans of New Guinea.
The islanders have their own culture and long history.
They traded with the Papuans to the north and the Australian Aboriginal people for thousands of years.
Kala Lagaw Ya/Kalaw Kawaw Ya/Kawalgaw Ya/Kulkalgaw Ya,
Meriam Mir
There is also a language called Brokan (Broken), or Torres Strait Creole.
This is a mix of different languages and islander words that started when the islanders started working on ships searching for pearls in the 1860's.
The level of the sea was much lower up to 8000 years ago.
Torres Strait would not have been covered by water which means people and animals could walk between New Guinea and Australia.
Some animals and birds can be found in both New Guinea and Queensland, such as the cassowary.
Other animals, such as pigs, arrived in New Guinea after the sea levels rose and closed the land bridge and were not able to get to Australia.
There is evidence of people living on the Torres Strait islands for at least 2,500 years.
It is likely that people were living there long before that, but rising sea levels will have covered earlier sites.
European discovery
The first known European to sail through the strait was Luis Váez de Torres, a Spanish or Portuguese sailor.
He was second-in-command of the Spanish  led by the Portuguese Pedro Fernandez de Quirós who sailed from Peru to the South Pacific in 1605.
After Quiros's ship went back to Mexico, Torres kept going to the Moluccas and then to Manila.
He sailed along the south coast of New Guinea.
He may have seen Cape York on the Australian mainland, but there is no evidence to prove this.
Torres wrote a letter to the Spanish king about his discoveries but this was kept secret until 1762.
In 1769 the Scottish geographer Alexander Dalrymple, was translating Spanish letters found in the Philippines in 1762.
He read Luis Váez de Torres' letter about a passage south of New Guinea.
Dalrymple wrote a book, the Historical Collection of the Several Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean in 1770-1771.
This book caused a lot of interest in the idea of an unknown continent.
Dalrymple named the strait after Torres.
This led Captain James Cook to go on another voyage into the South Pacific.
Dalrymple was angry that it was Captain Cook and not him who was put in charge of the expedition which led in 1770 to the discovery of the east coast of Australia.
In 1770 Cook sailed through the strait after sailing up the east coast of Australia.
He landed on Possession Island and claimed all the land of Australia for Britain.
With people like James Cook, William Bligh, and Matthew Flinders exploring and making maps of the strait, many more ships started to sail through it on their way from Sydney to India or Asia.
It was still hard for ships, and many were wrecked on the reefs.
A Scottish woman, Barbara Thompson, was the only person saved when the ship "America" hit a reef in 1842.
She was saved by the islanders and lived with them on Prince of Wales Island for five years until another ship came to take her back to Sydney.
There was an important pearling business in the strait from the 1860s until about 1970.
Pearl-shelling brought many experienced divers from many countries, especially Japan.
The London Missionary Society arrived on Erub (Darnley Island) in 1871.
The islanders still celebrate the coming of the missionaries as "The Coming of the Light", and it is holiday every year on the islands.
Although some of the Torres Strait islands are just off the coast of New Guinea, they were taken over in 1879 by Queensland, then a British colony.
In 1978 an agreement between Australia and Papua New Guinea worked out the correct position of the maritime border in the Torres Strait.
The Torres Strait also has its own flag.
It was designed by Bernard Namok from Thursday Island.
It has a background of five stripes, green for the land, blue for the sea, and black for the people.
It has a big white Dari, or headress, and a five pointed star for the five main island groups.
In 1995 is was officially made a flag of Australia.
In World War II, Horn Island in Torres Strait,  north of Cape York, became Australia's most northerly air base.
In 1940 two big runways were built.
It was used by thousands of Allied aircraft.
With eight Japanese air raids in 1942, it was the most attacked place in Queensland.
Conditions on the island were hard for the soldiers, with poor food, not enough water, diseases, and attacks from the Japanese.
The airport is still working as the main airport for far north Queensland.
It is now a tourist resort, especially well-known for its fishing.
Books and music
Jules Verne wrote about Torres Strait in his novel, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
It was a dangerous place where the submarine "Nautilus" was stranded for a short time.
Bodies of water of Australia
A hat-trick, hat trick or hattrick in sports means that something is done 3 times.
For example: goals, wickets and so forth.
There are different interpretations as to when a hat-trick is a valid one.
The most common criteria is when a player has scored 3 goals in a match.
Goals from penalty shootouts are not included.
A "flawless" or "German" hattrick is close to the hat-trick described above but is different since the 3 goals have to be scored within a certain period of time.
Another example is the "classic" or "perfect" hat-trick which means that the player scored one goal with each foot ( 1 goal with the right-foot and one goal with the left-foot) and a header.
Occasionally Germans would award the hatrickees with 3 medals to signify their achievement.
Cape Schanck is the south end of the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria, Australia.
It is a piece of land that separates Port Phillip Bay and Westernport Bay.
It is a narrow headland with cliffs 84.7 metres (278 feet) high.
It has a lighthouse made from limestone built in 1859.
In December 1800, Cape Schanck was named by Lieutenant James Grant after Admiral James Schank.
Geography of Victoria, Australia
The Simpson Desert is a very dry part of Australia.
It is mainly in the Northern Territory, but also in the north of South Australia and western Queensland.
It covers about 176,500 square km, about 2.3% of Australia.
The Simpson Desert gets less than 150 ml of rain each year.
It is made up of big red sand dunes up to  high,  long and about  apart.
At most times there is no surface water, but after rain there can be rivers which flow into normally dry lakes.
Temperatures in summer can be more than 50 C, and in winter can be below 0 C.
Early explorers into the Simpson Desert were Charles Sturt 1845, J.McKinlay, W.O. Hodgkinson, C.Winneke 1883, A.Poeppel 1879.
The desert was named after A.A.Simpson, President of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia in 1929.
The first European to cross the desert was Ted Colson in 1936.
No proper roads cross the desert.
There are many tracks that were made during the search for gas and oil during the 1960s and 1970s.
These tracks include the French Line, the Rig Road, and the QAA Line.
Such tracks can be driven on by well-equipped four-wheel drive vehicles which must carry extra fuel and water.
Towns close to the edge of the Simpson Desert include Oodnadatta to the southwest, and Birdsville in the east.
On the western side is the Mount Dare hotel and shop.
Before 1980, part of the Commonwealth Railways Central Australian line passed along the western side of the Simpson Desert.
Within the Simpson people go to see the ruins at Dalhousie Springs, Purnie Bore wetlands, Approdinna Attora Knoll and Poeppel Corner (where Queensland, South Australia and Northern Territory meet).
Yves Saint Laurent (1 August 1936 – 1 June 2008) was a French fashion designer.
Born Yves Henri Donat Mathieu Saint Laurent in Algeria, he was "one of the greatest figures in French fashion in the 20th century".
In 1985, in her book, Couture: the Great Fashion Designers, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, "The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited both with spurring couture's rise from its Sixties ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable".
Saint Laurent took over from Christian Dior as the chief designer of the House of Dior (now Christian Dior S.A.).
Dior, who founded the company after the Second World War, died in 1957.
Saint Laurent was promoted, and proved to be a brilliant choice.
Saint Laurent completed six fashion collections before he was called up for military service in 1960.
Military service was a disaster for Saint Laurent, who was invalided out, suffering from mental illness.
The House of Dior fired him, but he was able to set up his own fashion house with backing from an American millionaire.
For the rest of his life the Yves Saint Laurent fashion house was at the top of Parisian couture.
Saint Laurent was openly gay.
He and his partner Pierre Bergé had an impressive art collection, which was sold by auction at Christie's in Paris, 2009.
The proceeds, about 300 million euros, was used to set up a foundation for AIDS research.
French fashion designers
A meeting is a group of people who come together at one place to discuss something, make something, or play games together.
Meetings can range from internet meetings (people who met on the internet who come together) to birthday parties for children.
Meetings can be also on formal times, where businessmen come together to discuss.
Furthermore, meetings can be political/religious.
For instance, politicians meet from time to time to deliberate on issues, map up strategies and trash out issues.
Likewise, religious leaders congregate to discuss developing issues, problems and successes chalked.
Come to Jesus meetings are called in order to settle disputes between employers and employees as well as airing out personal matters.
The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), is a bovine (cloven hoofed animal).
It is also known as the Cape buffalo.
They are not closely related to other bovines.
Because of its aggressive behavior, it has not been domesticated like the domestic Asian water buffalo.
They can be up to 3.2 meters high, 6 meters long, and can weigh from 800-1200 kg.
The males are bigger than the females.
The African buffalo's power and size make it easy to defend itself.
They have been known to kill hyenas, lions, and other wild predators, and sometimes even humans.
The African buffalo is part of the African big five.
The phrase "big five" was introduced by hunters.
The big five are the hardest animals to hunt, and the African buffalo is considered the most dangerous.
Philosophy of language is the study of how languages were created and are used.
It is part of Linguistics.
In continental philosophy, it is not treated as a subject by itself, but Ludwig Wittgenstein and other analytic philosophers placed particular stress on it.
What does it mean for a word to mean something ?
Why do some words have the same meaning ?
How can we ever know if a word means something or not ?
Why are some orderings of words meaningful, while others are not ?
How are languages learnt ?
How do they change ?
How important are languages in communication ?
How do we translate from one language into another ?
What does truth have to do with language ?
Gray was Keeper of Zoology at the British Museum from 1840 until Christmas 1874.
That was before the natural history holdings were split off to be the Natural History Museum.
Gray published several catalogues of the museum collections which discussed animal groups and described new species.
He improved the collections to make them amongst the best in the world.
Works (partial list)
1825 : An outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe.
Annals of Philosophy (ns) 10 : 337-344.
1826 : Vertebrata: Mammalia. (
Appendix B in part).
p. 412-415 in King P.P. (ed) Narrative of a survey of the intertropical and western coasts of Australia.
Performed between the years 1818 and 1822.
With an appendix, containing various subjects relating to hydrography and natural history.
London: J. Murray, vol.
1827 : Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia.
p. 1-391 in Baron G. Cuvier The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, with additional descriptions by Edward Griffith and others. (
16 vols: 1827-1835).
London: George B. Whittaker, vol.
1828 : Spicilegia Zoologica, or original figures and short systematic descriptions of new and unfigured animals.
Pt 1.
London: Treuttel, Würtz & Co.
1830 : A synopsis of the species of the class Reptilia.
pp 1–110 in Griffith E. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier.
London: Whitaker and Treacher, vol.
9 : 481 + 110 p.
1845: Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum.
London: Trustees of the British Museum.
Petit, Richard E. 2012.
John Edward Gray (1800–1875): his malacological publications and molluscan taxa.
Zootaxa 3214: 1-125
John Edward Gray, the Indian Pond Heron and Walsall
British ornithologists
Brăila () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Muntenia.
The capital of Brăila County is Brăila.
Ianca
Însurăţei
Făurei
Buzău () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the area of Muntenia.
The capital of Buzău County is Buzău.
Buzău County has an area of 6,103 km².
The main river that flows through Buzău County is the Buzău River.
Buzău
Pogoanele
Pătârlagele
The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia is a 1974 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin.
It takes place in the same place as the book The Left Hand of Darkness.
The book won both the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award in 1975.
, later , 2006
, 2002
, 1994, , 1997, 2002
, 1994
, 1979
, 1998
The Word for World Is Forest is a science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in 1976.
It is part of the Hainish Cycle.
1976 books
{{infobox book |
| name          = Rocannon's World
| title_orig    =
| translator    =
| author        = Ursula K. Le Guin
| cover_artist  = Gerald McConnell
| country       = United States
| language      = English
| series        = Hainish Cycle
| genre         = Science fiction
| published     = 1966 (Ace Books)
| media_type    = Print (Paperback)
| pages         = 117
| isbn          = 0-8240-1424-3
| dewey= 813/.5/4
| congress= PZ4.L518 Ro4 PS3562.E42
| oclc          = 9159033
| preceded_by   =
| followed_by   = Planet of Exile (1966)
}}Rocannon's World was Ursula K. Le Guin's first book.
It was written in 1966 as an Ace Double with Avram Davidson's The Kar-Chee Reign.''
The book is part of the Hainish Cycle.
1966 books
Procrastination is the behavior of putting off actions or tasks to a later time.
It can be a very bad thing to do because you do not get enough things done.
CalPoly - Procrastination  - analysis of procrastinating behavior and possible cures
Article about a possible cure for procrastination
The Nightrider bus service is a late-night bus service that runs in Melbourne, Victoria.
NightRider buses travel between the city (City Square, Swanston Street) and Melbourne's outer suburbs every 30 minutes between 1.30am – 4.30am on Saturdays and 1.30am – 5.30am on Sundays.
NightRider also has services to the city on most routes after midnight until approximately 3.30am on Saturdays and 4.30am on Sundays, with additional services on some routes.
The Government of Victoria is the main government of Victoria.
Its leader is the Premier of Victoria.
Planet of Exile is a 1966 science-fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in her Hainish Cycle.
It was first part of an Ace Double in 1966 with Mankind Under the Leash by Thomas M. Disch.
("Planet of Exile"), 1980, 1992, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2006
City of Illusions is a 1967 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in her Hainish Cycle.
City of Illusions was republished in 1978 with Rocannon's World and Planet of Exile in a set called Three Hainish Novels and in 1994 with the same books in Worlds of Exile and Illusion.
1967 books
Wall-E is a 2008 American animated movie created by Pixar and Disney.
It was released on June 27, 2008 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
In 2805, Earth has been polluted with waste and humanity has abandoned the planet, by boarding a giant cruise ship called Axiom.
They have built hundreds of domestic robots called WALL-E, who made a piled cubes of waste in an attempt to restore the planet for the company.
Seven hundred years later, one robot spends most days, cleaning the city and collecting essential properties, before finding a surviving plant hidden in a refrigerator.
A rocket appears and assigns EVE to investigate the city.
WALL-E meets and invites EVE into his home.
He shows the Hello Dolly movie on a videocassette recorder.
When WALL-E shows a plant for EVE, she takes it and becomes deactivated.
The same rocket appears on Earth, takes EVE and returns to outer space, with WALL-E following it.
As the rocket returns to the ship, WALL-E notices that all humans had gained weight and lost some bones, while sitting on each chairs, and every robots serve them.
The AUTO and Captain McCrea examine EVE's body in the main dock, only to find the plant gone.
When WALL-E inadvertently destroys the security system at the repair ward, he and EVE escape from the hallway.
EVE attempts to send WALL-E to the escape pod, but they discover that Gopher placed the plant in the pod, when he stole it from EVE.
WALL-E uses a fire extinguisher to save himself and the plant, before the pod self destructs.
The robots return to the ship.
As McCrea watches each videos EVE recorded on Earth, he realises they must return to Earth.
However, AUTO refuses, revealing he stole the plant for Gopher, and its outdated secret directive no-return issued to all AUTOs by BNL inaccurately believing Earth to be to toxic to live and that humans should survive in space forever.
A furious McCrea argues how the plant is proof against the directive, but AUTO and Gopher stage a treacherous mutiny: Gopher discards the plant in a waste shaft, WALL-E hides it, before he is electrocuted by AUTO and EVE is shut down, and both are sent down to the shaft, and McCrea is trapped in the room.
EVE wakes up and saves WALL-E from being sent into space.
They help all humans and robots take control of the ship.
WALL-E is able to prevent AUTO from closing the machine, despite getting crushed afterwards, and McCrea recovers and disables AUTO.
After the ship returns to Earth, EVE repairs WALL-E's body.
Though WALL-E cannot remember EVE, the spark makes them remember each other.
The movie ends with all humans and robots restoring all life on Earth.
WALL-E / M-O - Ben Burtt
EVE - Elissa Knight
Captain B. McCrea - Jeff Garlin
Auto / M-O - PlainTalk
Shelby Forthright, BNL CEO - Fred Willard
Axiom's Computer - Sigourney Weaver
WALL-E's Official site and trailers
2008 animated movies
Fictional robots
John Charles Hagee (born April 12, 1940) is the founder and senior pastor of Cornerstone Church in San Antonio, Texas, a church with more than 19,000 members.
Hagee is CEO at his non-profit corporation, Global Evangelism Television (GETV).
He is also founder and chairman of Christians United for Israel (CUFI).
This is a Christian organization supporting Zionism.
John Hagee Ministries website
Cornerstone Church website
Television personalities from Texas
Writers from San Antonio, Texas
A protectorate is a state that is protected by another, larger and stronger country based on an agreement between the protectorate and the protecting country.
These were very common in the 19th century, especially in Africa and South Asia, when European countries would give protection to small states or places there.
Often they also made an international trade agreement which restricted the trade of other foreign states.
The British Empire had many protectorates around the world.
The first was The Protectorate of the Commonwealth of England in the 1660s, Bahrain was also a British protectorate until it gained independence.
Later, Kuwait was a British protectorate from 1899 to 1961 and is now independent.
Sikkim was a protectorate of India until 1975 and now is a state of India.
Bhutan is also a protected state of India.
A hybrid is the product of mating between individuals of different species or strains.
The word is most common when talking about animals and plants.
Mules are hybrid animals.
The female parent is a horse and the male parent is a donkey.
The result, a mule, is sterile.
Not all hybrids are sterile.
Many garden plants and crop plants are hybrids.
New species are sometimes formed from hybrids between two other species.
Charles Sturt (28 April 1795 — 16 June 1869) was a British Army officer who became an early explorer of Australia.
He described the Murray, the Murrumbidgee and Darling Rivers.
Sturt searched the desert areas of Australia in the hope of finding an inland sea.
Sturt was born in Bengal, India where his father was a judge.
He went to England to go to school and in 1813 he joined the British Army.
He served in France and Ireland.
In 1826 Sturt went back to England and was then sent to Australia in charge of a group of convicts.
He married a lady named Charlotte Christiana Greene
Darling River Expedition
People at this time thought that Australia's inland rivers which flowed west, must have flowed into an inland sea.
Another explorer, John Oxley had been stopped from going west down the Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers by a marsh which he thought was the edge of the sea.
Sir Ralph Darling, Governor of New South Wales thought that it would be easier to travel in a drought (a long time without rain).
This would mean the swamps and marshes would be dry.
Darling put Sturt in charge.
On 10 November 1828, Sturt and a group of 13 men, including explorer Hamilton Hume, went to find the path of the Macquarie River.
They followed the Macquarie River, the Bogan River and the Castlereagh River and found the Darling River which he named after the Governor.
They followed the river near from the present town of Bourke for about  downstream towards the south west.
They then went back to Sydney.
Murrumbidgee - Murray Expedition
On 3 November 1829, Sturt led another group of eight men to follow the path of the Murrumbidgee River.
Governor Darling wanted to know where the river went and to find out if it joined the Lachlan River.
They went west from Sydney until they reached the Murrumbidgee near the present site of Jugiong and traveled along the river bank as far as the Lachlan River.
From there Sturt used a small boat to travel down the river and reached the Murray River on 14 January 1830.
The river had already been visited six years earlier by Hamilton Hume and William Hovell and named the Hume River.
Sturt, probably hoping for a reward, renamed the river after Sir George Murray, a British politician.
After several days, they found a large river joining the Murray from the north, and Sturt correctly guessed that this was the Darling River.
He set up a flag pole and raised the British flag, the Union Jack, and had his men give three loud cheers.
The group continued down the river and reached Lake Alexandrina which he named after Princess Alexandrina, later Queen Victoria on 9 February 1830.
After finding where the Murray entered the sea, the group then had the difficult and tiring work of rowing the boat back up the river.
They left the river near the present site of Narrandera on 11 April 1830 and walked back to Sydney, getting there on 25 May 1830.
Sturt became very sick after the trip and became blind.
Retirement from the Army
Sturt was sent to Norfolk Island in August 1830 on military duty.
Norfolk Island was a penal colony where difficult prisoners were sent.
He stayed there until January 1832 and then went back to Sydney.
Unable to get more important work and still unable to see properly, he went to England and left the army in July 1833.
He wrote a book called Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia, 1828—1831.
Sturt was rewarded with  of land in New South Wales, and in September 1834 sailed to Sydney with his new wife, Charlotte Green.
When he got back to Australia, he took up land near Canberra, then land at Mittagong, and in 1837 moved to Varroville, a farm near Liverpool.
Sturt took a herd of cattle overland to Adelaide in 1838.
He did more exploring around Adelaide including a trip back to Lake Alexandrina, and north to St.Vincent's Gulf.
He moved his family to Adelaide in 1839.
Government Administrator
Sturt was made the Surveyor-General (the person in charge of surveying) by the Governor of South Australia, but a new surveyor arrived who had been put in charge by the government in England.
He worked as Assistant Land Commissioner until this job was abolished by England.
For a short time worked as the Registrar-General, but this job did not pay as much money.
He was unhappy, and hoped a new expedition would improve his chances of a better job.
He wanted to go into the middle of Australia and look for an inland sea.
Another explorer, Edward John Eyre had found his way to the north blocked by what he thought was a huge salt lake, shaped like a horse shoe.
It was really six large dry salt lakes.
Sturt hoped that he could get around the lakes by going farther to the east.
Central Australian Expedition 1844
Depot Glen
Sturt and 16 men left Adelaide on 15 August 1844, with 11 horses, 200 sheep, 32 bullocks, six dogs, a number of carts, wagons and a boat.
They followed the Darling River north to Menindee Laidley's Ponds.
On 15 January 1845 the group reached a waterhole  west of the present site of Milparinka.
They called this creek Preservation Creek, and named their camp by the waterhole Depot Glen.
Because of the heat and drought, Sturt decided to rest the expedition there for six months.
They dug an underground room to try and get away from the heat.
It was so hot the lead fell out of their pencils, and the wood of their equipment boxes shrank so much that the screws fell out.
The man who was second in charge, an Irish surveyor named James Poole, died from scurvy.
His grave can still be seen.
Sturt and his men stacked a large pile of rocks to create a cairn on top of Mount Poole.
John McDouall Stuart was made second in charge to assist Sturt.
When Sturt's eyesight got worse and he became nearly blind, Stuart took over the job of drawing up the maps.
Fort Grey
Sturt divided the group into two, with one group going back to Adelaide.
Following some rain, Sturt moved the other group west to a waterhole on Frome Creek, which they named Fort Grey.
His path west was blocked by a dry salt lake, Lake Blanche, so he took a small group north west between Cooper Creek and the Diamantina River.
Here he found a desert of stones, called gibbers, which was difficult to cross.
The stones hurt the feet of the horses and bullocks.
This desert has been named Sturt's Stony Desert.
By September 1845 he had reached the Simpson Desert and could go no farther.
He went back  kilometres to Fort Grey.
He then tried to go north, getting close to the present site of Birdsville but again the Stony Desert stopped him.
It was very hot, his thermometer burst at 53 degrees Celsius and Sturt decided to go back to Adelaide.
He was so sick that he could not ride and had to be carried in a cart.
They arrived back on 19 January 1846.
He was unhappy as he had not found an inland sea, or reached the centre of Australia.
In February 1846 Sturt was made Colonial Treasurer, he also received a gold medal from the Royal Geographical Society.
He went to England and wrote a book Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia before going back to Adelaide.
He was made a member of the South Australian parliament.
He retired from work at the end of 1851 and in 1853 took his family back to England.
He asked to be made Governor of Victoria, and later Governor of Queensland, but it did not happen.
He died suddenly in 1869, just after being nominated for K.C.M.G., a British knighthood.
Sturt today
Charles Sturt is remembered in Australia with many memorials.
There are rock cairns and signs that show many of the places he explored.
Two plants were named after him, Sturt's Desert Pea (Swainsona formosa), the floral emblem of South Australia, and Sturt's Desert Rose (Gossypium sturtianum), the floral emblem of the Northern Territory.
Sturt found the plant in creeks near the site of Broken Hill, New South Wales in 1844.
He collected the seeds and brought them back for Robert Brown (1773–1858), a Scottish botanist, to study.
The Charles Sturt University is a large university with campuses in country New South Wales.
These are in Albury, Bathurst, Dubbo, Orange and Wagga Wagga.
The Sturt National Park is a large park in the north west corner of New South Wales.
The park covers  hectares of semi desert country.
There are several historic Sturt sites in the park including Fort Grey.
Australian Encyclopaedia, pub.
Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1958
Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia, 1828 — 1831
Mexico-related lists
Taranto is a city in the Apulia region of Italy.
It is the capital of the Province of Taranto.
The population is 201,349.
Taranto also has a large port.
Cities in Apulia
Parma is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna.
It is the capital of the Province of Parma.
About 190,000 people live in Parma.
It has one of the oldest universities of the world, the University of Parma.
Parma has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification).
Olbia (, ) is a city in the region of Sardinia.
Together with Tempio Pausania it is the capital of the Province of Olbia-Tempio.
Cities and towns in Sardinia
Communes of Sardinia
Civitavecchia is a city in the region of Lazio, Italy.
It is 80 km north of Rome.
It has a sea port.
Cities in Lazio
Agrigento () is a city in the region of Sicily in southern Italy.
It is also the capital of the Province of Agrigento.
There are many relics there from the ancient Greeks and the Roman empire.
Reggio Emilia is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy.
It has 167,013 people living in it.
Cities in Emilia-Romagna
Coke (fuel), a solid residue that contains carbon, and is derived from destructive distillation of coal
Petroleum coke, a solid carbon rich residue derived from distillation of crude oil
Cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaf of the coca plant
Coca-Cola, a soft drink originally based on coca leaf extract
The Coca-Cola Company, makers of this drink
Cola, any soft drink similar to Coca-Cola
Soft drink, any nonalcoholic carbonated beverage
Coke County, Texas, a county in central Texas, United States
People named Coke
David Coke (1915–1941), a British pilot during World War II
Edward Coke (1552–1634), English entrepreneur and jurist
Edward Coke (1758-1837), a British politician and landowner
Edward Coke, 7th Earl of Leicester (born 1936), an English earl
Giles Coke, an English footballer
John Coke, an English politician
Peter Coke, a British actor, playwright and artist
Richard Coke, an American lawyer, farmer, and statesman
Thomas Coke, the first Methodist Bishop
Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester (seventh creation), agricultural reformer
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The Jungle Book is a collection of stories written by Rudyard Kipling.
It was published by Macmillan & Co. in 1894.
The stories tell about life and legends of the Indian jungle.
Parts of The Jungle Book have been adapted to television, movies, the theater, and other media.
Kipling was born in India, and spent the first six years of his life there.
After about ten years in England, he went back to India and worked there for about six-and-half years.
All of the Jungle Book stories were published in magazines in 1893-4.
The original publications contained illustrations, some by Rudyard's father, John Lockwood Kipling.
These books were written when Kipling lived in Vermont.
The tales in the book (and also those in The Second Jungle Book which followed in 1895, and which includes five further stories about Mowgli) are fables, using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to give moral lessons.
Kipling put in them nearly everything he knew or "heard or dreamed about the Indian jungle."
Other readers have interpreted the work as allegories of the politics and society of the time.
The best-known stories are the three about an abandoned 'man cub' Mowgli.
They boy is raised by wolves in the Indian jungle.
The most famous of the other stories are probably "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi", the story of a heroic mongoose, and "Toomai of the Elephants", the tale of a young elephant-handler.
Kotick, The White Seal seeking for his people a haven where they would be safe from hunters, has been considered a metaphor for Zionism, then in its beginning.
As with much of Kipling's work, each of the stories is preceded by a piece of verse, and succeeded by another.
The title of each is given in italics in the list of stories below.
The Jungle Book, because of its moral tone, came to be used as a motivational book by the Cub Scouts, a junior element of the Scouting movement.
This use of the book's universe was approved by Kipling after a direct petition of Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Scouting movement, who had originally asked for the author's permission for the use of the Memory Game from Kim in his scheme to develop the morale and fitness of working-class youths in cities.
Akela, the head wolf in The Jungle Book, has become a senior figure in the movement, the name being traditionally adopted by the leader of each Cub Scout pack.
Chapters in The Jungle Book
Mowgli's Brothers: A boy is raised by wolves in the Indian Jungle with the help of Baloo the bear and Bagheera the panther, and then has to fight the tiger Shere Khan.
This story has also been published as a short book in its own right.
Night-Song in the Jungle
Hunting-Song of the Seeonee Pack
Kaa's Hunting: This story takes place before Mowgli fights Shere Khan.
When Mowgli is abducted by monkeys, Baloo and Bagheera set out to rescue him with the aid of Chil the Kite and Kaa the python.
Maxims of Baloo.
Road Song of the Bandar-Log
Tiger!:
Mowgli returns to the human village and is adopted by Messua and her husband who believe him to be their long-lost son Nathoo.
But he has trouble adjusting to human life, and Shere Khan still wants to kill him.
The story's title is taken from the poem "The Tyger" by William Blake.
Mowgli's Song
The White Seal: Kotick, a rare white-furred seal, searches for a new home for his people, where they will not be hunted by humans.
Lukannon
Rikki-Tikki-Tavi: Rikki-Tikki the mongoose defends a human family living in India against a pair of cobras.
This story has also been published as a short book.
Darzee's Chant
Toomai of the Elephants: Toomai, a ten-year old boy who helps to tend working elephants, is told that he will never be a full-fledged elephant-handler until he has seen the elephants dance.
Shiv and the Grasshopper
Her Majesty's Servants (originally titled "Servants of the Queen"): On the night before a military parade a British soldier eavesdrops on a conversation between the camp animals.
Parade-Song of the Camp Animals parodies several well-known songs and poems, including Bonnie Dundee.
Mowgli - Main character, the young jungle boy.
Father Wolf - The Father Wolf who raised Mowgli as his own cub
Raksha - The Mother wolf who raised Mowgli as her own cub
Grey brother - One of Mother and Father Wolf's cubs
Hathi - An Indian Elephant
Bagheera - A melanistic (black) leopard
Baloo- A Sloth Bear
Kaa - Indian Python
Shere Khan - A Bengal Tiger
Akela - An Indian Wolf
Tabaqui - A Golden Jackal
Chil - A kite
Mor - An Indian Peafowl
Mang - A Bat
Ikki - An Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine (mentioned only)
The Bandar log - A tribe of monkeys
Rikki-Tikki-Tavi - An Indian Mongoose
Darzee - A tailorbird
Chuchundra - A Muskrat
Nag - A male King cobra
Nagaina - A female King cobra.
Nag's mate
Karait a Common Krait
Kotick - The White Seal
Sea catch - A Northern fur seal and Kotick's father
Sea vitch - A Walrus
Sea cow - A Manatee
A comic book series Petit d'homme ("Man Cub") was published in Belgium between 1996 and 2003.
Written by Crisse and drawn by Marc N'Guessan and Guy Michel, it resets the stories in a post-apocalyptic world in which Mowgli's friends are humans rather than animals: Baloo is an elderly doctor, Bagheera is a fierce African woman warrior and Kaa is a former army sniper.
Live-action movie
"Toomai of the Elephants" was filmed as Elephant Boy (1937), starring Sabu Dastagir.
In the 1970s there was a television series of the same name, loosely based on the story and movie.
Jungle Book (1942 film) - directed by Zoltán Korda, starring Sabu Dastagir as Mowgli.
The Jungle Book (1994 film) - starring Jason Scott Lee as Mowgli.
The Second Jungle Book: Mowgli and Baloo (1997) - starring Jamie Williams as Mowgli.
The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story (1998) - starring Brandon Baker as Mowgli.
The Jungle Book (2016) - directed by Jon Favreau, starring Neel Sethi as Mowgli and Bill Murray as Baloo.
Disney's 1967 animated movie version, inspired by the Mowgli stories, was extremely popular, though it took great liberties with the plot, characters and the pronunciation of the characters' names.
These characterizations were further used in the 1990 animated series TaleSpin, which featured several anthropomorphic characters loosely based on those from the movie in an comic aviation-industry setting.
Chuck Jones' made for-TV cartoons Mowgli's Brothers, Rikki-Tikki-Tavi and The White Seal stick to the original storylines more closely than most adaptations.
There was a Japanese anime television series called Jungle Book Shonen Mowgli broadcast in 1989.
Its adaptation represents a compromise between the original stories and the Walt Disney version.
Many of Kipling's stories are adapted into the series, but many elements are combined and changed to suit more modern sensibilities.
For instance, Akela, the wolf pack alpha eventually steps aside, but instead of being threatened with death, he stays on as the new leader's advisor.
Also, there is an Indian family in the series which includes Rikki-Tikki-Tavi as a pet mongoose.
Finally at the series' conclusion, Mowgli leaves the jungle for human civilization, but still keeps strong ties with his animal friends.
The Japanese anime was dubbed in Hindi and telecast as "Jungle Book" by Doordarshan in India during the early 1990s.
The Indian version featured original music by Vishal Bharadwaj (with words by noted lyricist Gulzar) and a very good choice of dubbing artistes for the voice acting (Nana Patekar doing the voice over for Sher Khan), which made it quite popular among television series of that time.
The anime was also dubbed in Arabic under the title  (Fatah El Adghal: Boy Of The Jungle) and became a hit with Arab viewers in the 1990s.
In 1973, another animated adaptation was released in the Soviet Union called "Mowgli" (), also known as the 'heroic' version of the story.
It's also very close to the book's storyline, and one of the few adaptations which has Bagheera as a female panther.
It also features stories from The Second Jungle Book, such as Red Dog and a simplified version of The King's Ankus. "
Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" has also been released in 1954 as a cartoon and in 1976 as a feature movie.
The former made its way into the hearts of viewers and is even now sometimes aired by TV stations of the Former Soviet Union countries as a classic of Soviet animation.
Interestingly, in keeping with Soviet ideology, the Colonial English family in Rikki-Tikki-Tavi has been replaced with an Indian family.
Stuart Paterson wrote a stage adaptation in 2004, first produced by the Birmingham Old Rep in 2004 and published in 2007 by Nick Hern Books.
A new Adaptation is being produced by The Hunger Artists Theatre Company in Fullerton, CA for September 2008.
The adaptation is written by Leonard Joseph Dunham
A dance adaptation by the Boom Kat Dance Company premiered on May 2, 2008 at Miles Playhouse in Santa Monica, California.
It was choreographed by the company with artistic direction by Lili Fuller, Marissa Goodhill, Emily Iscoff-Daigian and Adam North.
The Jungle Book characters
Feral children in mythology and fiction
Pench National Park, near Seoni (Seeonee) is said to be the forest where the Seeonee wolf pack lives.
The Jungle Book Collection : a website demonstrating the variety of merchandise related to the book and movie versions of The Jungle Book.
Boom Kat Dance : a website describing the dance adaptation of The Jungle Book by Boom Kat Dance Company.
1894 books
Works by Rudyard Kipling
British short stories
WrestleMania 21 was the twenty-first yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
It took place on April 3, 2005 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California.
The official theme song for the event was "Big Time" by The Soundtrack of Our Lives.
The secondary theme song was "Behind Those Eyes" by 3 Doors Down.
The tagline for WrestleMania 21 was "WrestleMania Goes Hollywood."
The event was a joint-promotion pay-per-view, featuring performers from the Raw and SmackDown!
The main match on the Raw brand was Triple H versus Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship, which Batista won by pinfall after executing a Batista Bomb.
The main match on the SmackDown!
brand was John "Bradshaw" Layfield versus John Cena for the WWE Championship, which Cena won after performing an FU.
The featured matches on the undercard included The Undertaker versus Randy Orton, Kurt Angle versus Shawn Michaels, and the first ever Money in the Bank ladder match, which featured six participants from the Raw brand.
WrestleMania 21 was the first WrestleMania held at the Staples Center, but the fifth to take place in the Southern California metropolitan area (following WrestleMania 2, WrestleMania VII, WrestleMania XII and WrestleMania 2000).
Tickets sold out in less than one minute for the event, making it the fastest ticket sell-out in the company's history as well as the fastest ticket sell-out at the Staples Center.
The event drew a Staples Center record attendance of 20,193 people from 14 countries and 48 states and grossed more than $2.1 million in ticket sales, making it the highest grossing WWE event ever at the Staples Center, and the highest grossing of the five WrestleManias held in California.
In addition to those in attendance, the event was seen by millions of fans in more than 90 countries.
The main feud heading into WrestleMania on the Raw brand was between Triple H and Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship.
Batista won the 2005 Royal Rumble, last eliminating John Cena, earning the right to participate in the main event of WrestleMania 21 against the World Champion of his choice.
In an attempt to persuade Batista to challenge WWE Champion John "Bradshaw" Layfield rather than Batista facing Triple H at WrestleMania, Triple H concocted a scheme to have Batista run over in a limousine resembling the one used by Layfield.
Initially, Batista did not want help from Evolution and wanted to confront JBL by himself.
Triple H insisted that Evolution accompanied Batista anyway, saving him from the oncoming limousine.
Batista became aware of the plot while eavesdropping on fellow Evolution members and signed a contract guaranteeing him a match with World Champion Triple H at WrestleMania, thus leaving Evolution and officially turning face.
Batista pretended to sign with the SmackDown!
brand, giving Triple H and Flair the "thumbs up," but turned it into a "thumbs down" before attacking the pair.
This lead to Batista's departure from the stable.
The main feud heading into WrestleMania on the SmackDown!
brand was between John "Bradshaw" Layfield and John Cena for the WWE Championship.
At No Way Out, Cena defeated Kurt Angle to earn a spot in the SmackDown!
main event.
As a result of Cena's win, he began a feud with WWE Champion John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL) and his Cabinet.
In the feud, Cena lost his United States Championship to Cabinet member Orlando Jordan.
The following week, JBL proceeded to "blow up" Cena's U.S. spinner version belt and reintroduce the traditional style belt.
A heavily promoted match for the event was an Interpromotional match between SmackDown!
superstar Kurt Angle and Raw superstar Shawn Michaels.
Their match stemmed from the Royal Rumble, the pay-per-view event two months before WrestleMania.
At the Royal Rumble, Kurt Angle relentlessly attacked Shawn Michaels after Michaels had eliminated him from the Royal Rumble match.
The next month at No Way Out, Angle lost a number one contenders match to John Cena, losing a spot in the SmackDown!
main event at WrestleMania.
The next night on Raw, Michaels told SmackDown!
General Manager Theodore Long to inform Angle that he had challenged him to a match at WrestleMania.
On the February 28 edition of Raw, after Michaels defeated Edge in a Street Fight, Angle attacked Michaels and accepted his challenge.
The other Interpromotional match on the card was between Randy Orton and The Undertaker, with Orton representing Raw and Undertaker representing SmackDown!.
The feud first started on the March 7 edition of Raw when Orton challenged The Undertaker to a match at WrestleMania billed as "Legend vs. Legend Killer".
Three days later on SmackDown!,
Undertaker accepted Orton's challenge.
On the March 14 edition of Raw, Jake "The Snake" Roberts, attempted to give Orton advice about his match with Undertaker at WrestleMania, but was RKOed when Orton was not cooperating.
Later that week on SmackDown!,
Orton and Undertaker had a contract signing for their match at WrestleMania.
After both men signed, Orton told Undertaker that he has nothing but respect for him.
Shortly afterwards, Orton slapped him and claimed that his 12-0 undefeated streak at WrestleMania, would soon be 12-1.
The next week on Raw, Orton claimed that his confidence was at an all-time high, despite what happened on SmackDown!
the week before.
Afterwards, Orton turned heel and furthered his Legend killer gimmick by RKOing his then-girlfriend Stacy Keibler.
Another match on the card was the Money in the Bank ladder match between Chris Jericho, Christian, Chris Benoit, Edge, Kane, and Shelton Benjamin.
The idea for the Money in the Bank match was introduced by Chris Jericho who proposed a six-man Ladder match, for the event in which the winner would receive a contract for a World title match at the place and time of his choosing.
Raw General Manager, Eric Bischoff, booked the match at WrestleMania 21 soon after.
Before the event went live on pay-per-view, a dark match was held.
A 30-man Interpromotional Battle Royal, which featured: Booker T, Paul London, Heidenreich, Spike Dudley, Nunzio, Funaki, Doug Basham, Danny Basham, Orlando Jordan, Mark Jindrak, Luther Reigns, Scotty 2 Hotty, Hardcore Holly, Charlie Haas, Billy Kidman, Akio from SmackDown!
and Simon Dean, William Regal, Tajiri, Rob Conway, Sylvain Grenier, Snitsky, The Hurricane, Rosey, Chris Masters, Viscera, Rhyno, Val Venis, Tyson Tomko, Maven from Raw.
However, Booker T won the Battle Royal, as he eliminated Chris Masters.
Lilian Garcia sang "America the Beautiful" at the start of the event.
The first televised match of the night was between Rey Mysterio and Eddie Guerrero.
In the beginning of the match, Mysterio jumped over the top rope, knocking Guerrero down.
Mysterio also attempted another aerial attack but was countered by Guerrero into a Powerbomb.
Guerrero placed Mysterio into the Three Amigos and attempted a Frog splash but was unsuccessful.
Following a Hurricanrana by Mysterio on Guerrero, Mysterio pinned Guerrero to win.
After the match, both shook hands in the ring.
John "Bradshaw" Layfield and Orlando Jordan were then shown backstage talking about Layfield's match against John Cena.
As Triple H and Ric Flair walked by, Triple H mocked Layfield.
Layfield retaliated by advising Triple H to worry about losing the World Heavyweight Championship to Batista and assured him that John Cena would be unsuccessful at defeating him for the WWE Championship.
Triple H then stated that only the end of the night would reveal who would still be champion.
The match that followed was the first Money in the Bank ladder match which featured Chris Jericho, Chris Benoit, Shelton Benjamin, Edge, Kane, and Christian with Tyson Tomko at ringside.