the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The socialists wanted more promises from Schuschnigg before they were willing to side with him.
Independence plebiscite
To help him win, Schuschnigg set the minimum voting age at 24.
Those who supported Nazism and union with Germany tended to be young and so the move stopped them from voting.
Hitler said that the plebiscite would be subject to major fraud and that Germany would not accept it.
Also, the German Ministry of Propaganda issued press reports that riots had broken out in Austria and many Austrians were calling for German troops to restore order.
Schuschnigg immediately said publicly that the reports of riots were false.
Meanwhile, Austrian President Wilhelm Miklas refused to appoint Seyss-Inquart as chancellor and asked other Austrian politicians instead.
However, the Nazis were well organised, and within hours, managed to take control of many parts of Vienna, including the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which controlled the police.
As Miklas continued to refuse to appoint a Nazi government, and Seyss-Inquart still could not send a telegram in the name of the Austrian government to demand German troops to restore order, Hitler became furious.
At about 10 p.m., well after Hitler had signed and issued the order for the invasion, Göring and Hitler gave up on waiting and sent a forged telegram that pretended to be a request by the Austrian government for German troops to enter Austria.
Around midnight, after nearly all critical offices and buildings had fallen into Nazi hands in Vienna, and the main party members of the old government had been arrested, Miklas finally appointed Seyss-Inquart as chancellor.
German troops march into Austria
On the morning of 12 March, the 8th Army of the German Wehrmacht crossed the German-Austrian border.
It was not stopped by the Austrian Army, but its troops were greeted by cheering Austrian Germans with Hitler salutes, Nazi flags and flowers.
The annexation of Austria without a shot being fired is therefore sometimes called the Blumenkrieg (war of flowers).
Hitler's car crossed the border in the afternoon at Braunau, his birthplace.
In the evening, he arrived at Linz and was welcomed at the city hall.
Goering, in a telephone call that evening, said, "There is unbelievable jubilation in Austria.
We ourselves did not think that sympathies would be so intense."
On 2 April 1938, 200,000 Austrians gathered on the Heldenplatz (Square of Heroes) to hear Hitler proclaim the Anschluss.
Hitler later commented, "Certain foreign newspapers have said that we fell on Austria with brutal methods.
I can only say: even in death they cannot stop lying.
I have in the course of my political struggle won much love from my people, but when I crossed the former frontier (into Austria) there met me such a stream of love as I have never experienced.
Not as tyrants have we come, but as liberators."
The Anschluss was given immediate effect by a law on 13 March that was subject to ratification by a plebiscite.
Austria became the province of Ostmark, and Seyss-Inquart was appointed as its governor.
The plebiscite was held on 10 April and officially recorded a support of 99.73% of the voters.
Most historians agree that the result was not fixed even though the voting process was neither free nor secret.
Officials were present directly beside the voting booths and received the voting ballot by hand, unlike a free vote in which the voting ballot is inserted into a closed box.
In some parts of Austria, the plebiscite on 13 March was held despite the Wehrmacht's presence in Austria since it took up to three days to occupy every part of Austria.
For instance, in Innervillgraten, 95% of the village voted for Austria's independence.
Austria remained part of the Third Reich until the end of World War II, when a provisional government declared the Anschluss null und nichtig (null and void) on April 27 1945.
After the war, the Allies occupied Austria, which was recognised and treated as a separate country, but sovereignty was restored only by the Austrian State Treaty and the Austrian Declaration of Neutrality, both in 1955, largely because of the rapid development of the Cold War and disputes between the Soviet Union and its former allies over foreign policy.
Nestorianism is a movement within Christianity.
The idea behind the doctrine was that there were two different persons of Jesus.
One of them was the man Jesus, the other was the aspect of son of God, or Logos.
Perhaps the most prominent supporter of the idea was Nestorius, archbishop of Constantinople.
Nestorius lived from about 380 to about 450 AD.
The Council of Ephesus condemned this view in 431.
This led to a split of the church, into the Assyrian Church of the East and the Byzantine Church.
For this reason, the Assyrian Church of the East is sometimes called Nestorian.
The church holds the view that Christ has two essences (qnome) that are united in one person (parsopa).
In Japan, Daikokuten (大黒天), is one of the Seven Lucky Gods.
Daikokuten came from the Indian god, Shiva.
Daikoku wears Japanese robes and has a happy and smiling personality.
Daikoku's pictures are found in the temples of Tibet and China and the god enjoys a high position as a household god in Japan.
Daikoku's connection with wealth and success started a strange ritual known as Fuku-nusubi.
This ritual started with the belief that the person who stole figures of gods and goddesses was promised good luck, if they were not caught while stealing.
Eventually, stealing divine figures became so common that the Toshi-no-ichi or the ‘year-end-market’ held in the Asakusa Kannon temple became the main place where the sale of these images was held.
Daikoku is considered to be the god of wealth or the household, mostly the kitchen.
He is recognised from his wide face, smile, and a flat black hat.
He is often shown holding a golden mallet and sitting on bales of rice.
Japan and Indian Asia by Hajime Nakamura.
Publisher: Firma KLM, 1961.
Publication Date: 1961
India and Japan: A Study in interaction during 5th cent - 14th century - By Upendra Thakur .
zh:大黑天
A seesaw (also known as a teeter-totter) is a long, narrow board which is fixed in the middle, a little way above the ground.
When one end of the seesaw goes up the other goes down.
Children often like to play on seesaws.
Two children sit on the seesaw, one at each end.
The child who is down pushes the ground with his feet so that he goes up and his friend goes down.
Then the friend pushes up so the first child goes down.
They continue to go back and forth until they are ready to stop playing on the seesaw.
It works best with two children who are about the same size, or else the heavy person will make his end stay down.
On some seesaws there is room for two or three children on each end.
There is a handle for each child to hold on to so that they do not fall off.
Playground slides are slides for children to play on in playgrounds.
The child climbs up a ladder or some stairs, then sits down at the top and slides all the way down.
Some children like to slide down on their backs or on their stomachs.
This can sometimes be dangerous on big slides.
Slides are made of metal, plastic or wood.
They must have a smooth surface so that the child does not hurt himself.
Sometimes, in amusement parks, there are giant slides called "helterskelters".
There are slides at swimming pools where people can slide down into the water with a splash.
These are called "water slides" or "shutes".
Antipsychotic drugs or Neuroleptics are drugs that act on the central nervous system, and that usually have sedating properties.
The name neuroleptic was introduced in 1955, from the 1990s, the term antipsychotic is used more frequently.
Neuroleptics make the patient calm.
Today, they are mostly used for the treatment of psychosis, as it occurs in schizophrenia and  bipolar disorder.
They can also be used to treat depression and mood swings.
Very strong antipsychotics can be combined with an opioid to produce a special analgesic; the patient will be conscious, but heavily sedated, and feel very little pain.
The main inventor of this drug was Andrew J. Smith whom at the time was 16 when he made it.
He created this drug that has saved hundreds of people with schizophrenia.
EVE Online is a 2003 Space science fiction MMORPG computer game.
It was made by CCP Games.
The game is very similar to the 1980s game ELITE.
Players in EVE earn money called InterStella Kredits (ISK) to buy new spacecraft, skills or equipment.
Several ways to earn ISK include mining, exploration, doing missions, trading, piracy, and bounty hunting (hunting criminals for money).
EVE is hosted on 1 server cluster.
Unlike most MMORPG games, it is not split up based upon geographical location or how busy the servers are.
Races in Eve
The Amarr is a race centered around religion.
They were the first of the four races to develop ships capable of travelling space.
Their main weapon type is a laser, which fire high-energy beams to the enemy to deal damage.
They do not use ammunition like the other races, but instead use a type of ammunition called a crystal in order to focus the laser.
There are two subgroups of lasers: Beam (long range), and Pulse (short range).
The Caldari is a race centered around corporations.
They are a very military driven race, and specialize in both missiles and hybrid turrets (which require both ammunition to fire, and energy to fire it), railguns in particular, and can shoot further than other races.
The Gallente happened to be located in the same place the Caldari were, and were the first race to create a democracy.
Like the Caldari, they specialize in hybrid turrets, but prefer the short-ranged "blasters", and do not specialize in missiles, instead using drones (small robot ships) to good effect.
The Minmatar was the last race to develop space flight.
The Amarr quickly enslaved them, however they were able to gain their freedom with the help of the Gallente.
Their main weapon is projectile turrets, pretty much regular guns, with the subgroup being artillery (long range), and auto-cannons (short range).
Gameplay in Eve is known to be complex, since there are so many things for a player to do.
A player can do many things, with three of the main categories being:
Missions involves talking with an NPC (computer player), who will assign you with a task.
This can include: killing other NPCs, hauling an item from one location to another, or a combination of both.
The rewards from doing these missions include money, standings (better standings means you can do better missions), and Loyalty Points (which can be spent to get certain types of items that can not normally be bought.
Mining and Industry are the backbone of the Eve Universe.
Almost everything that a player flies, or item he uses was made by another player.
Except for certain items, everything is made through industry.
There are certain ores (which give minerals when refined) that can only be found in certain areas.
Players that find these ores and bring them back to the market will be sure to make quite a bit of money.
Although PVP (player-vs-player fights) is not a very good way to make money for new players, it is by far one of the most exciting things to do in the Eve Universe.
The Eve industry is primarily focused around providing ships to PVP players.
Many big corporations (groups of players that share a common goal), can form gigantic alliances to take control of certain areas, which are rich in a wide variety of ways.
Kintarō (金太郎, Kintarō?
sometimes means "Golden Boy") is a folk (story) hero from Japanese folklore.
A child born really strong.
He was raised by a girl ogre in a mountain called Mount Ashigara.
He became friendly with the animals and imaginary things of the mountain.
Later, after catching the terror of the region around Mount Ooe, Shutendouji, he became a great follower of Minamoto no Yorimitsu under the new name Sakata no Kintoki (坂田公時, Sakata no Kintoki?).
At 115 and 125 km in diameter, Veritas and 92 Undina are the biggest of the 300-strong Veritas family of asteroids.
David Nesvorný of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder traced the orbits of these bodies back in time, and calculated that they formed in a collision of a body at least 150 km in diameter with a smaller asteroid some 8 million years ago.
Veritas and Undina would have been the biggest pieces of that collision.
The thought Veritas collision would have been too far from Jupiter for the pieces to have been slung into a collision course with Earth.
However, solar radiation would have caused the resulting dust to drift inward to Earth orbit over a time span consistent with the record of dust in the ocean sediment.
It was found by Max Wolf in 1902.
Its provisional name was 1902 JP.
Kenneth A. Farley, David Vokrouhlický, William F. Bottke, David Nesvorný, "A late Miocene dust shower from the break-up of an asteroid in the main belt."
Nature 439, 295-297 (19 January 2006) Nature article
"Asteroid Smashup Yields Dust Shower on Earth"  from SkyandTelescope.com, Jan. 20, 2006.
A cart is a vehicle with two wheels and usually pulled by one horse.
Other animals such as ox, cattle or donkeys are sometimes used instead of a horse.
A handcart is pulled or pushed by a person.
Carts have been used for over 4,000 years around the world.
Today we use the shopping cart.
Shopping carts first made their appearance in Oklahoma City in 1937.
Available subjects
Art and Design
Business Education
Craft and Design
Graphics Communications
Religious Education
The school library has lots of books on all the subjects studied at the school.
It also has a wide range of fiction books for juniors and seniors.
There are 15 computers in the library which can be used by any of the students who need to do work.
Johannes Vermeer or Jan Vermeer (baptised 31 October 1632, died December 1675) was a Dutch Baroque painter.
He spent his life in the town of Delft.
Vermeer came from a Protestant family but he married a Catholic, named Catherina Bolnes, in April 1653.
Vermeer mainly painted people in daily life.
He painted people in detail and used rich colors.
He kept the backgrounds simple.
This contrast makes the viewer focus on the main point.
He used perspective technique to draw lines from one dot on the canvas.
He used this technique on his 17 paintings.
Those paintings have a little dot which may be used for perspective.
Vermeer’s painted women often wear blue clothes.
This color blue is made from a natural mineral called lapis lazuli.
There is no self portrait of Jan Vermeer.
His face may be in some other paintings, especially The Art of Painting (De Schilderkunst) and The Procuress (De Koppelaarste), but there is no proof that the man is Vermeer.
Essential Vermeer, This site covers much of Vermeer's life, works, and environment
Virtual Vermeer , Familiar biography, interesting entries
Van Meegeren's Fake Vermeers at Arttube (Museum Boijmans)
Vermeercentrum , Short biography of Vermeer and his life in Delft.
Entry in Britannica encyclopaedia
1675 deaths
Arthur Seyß-Inquart (born Arthur Seyß on 22 July 1892–16 October 1946) was a prominent lawyer and later Nazi official in pre-Anschluß Austria, the Third Reich and in wartime Germany, Poland, and the Netherlands.
Seyß-Inquart was executed at the Nuremberg Trials for crimes against humanity.
Life before the Anschluss
Seyß-Inquart was born in 1892 in Stonařov (Stannern), Moravia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to school principal Emil Zajtich and his wife Auguste Hyrenbach.
The family moved to Vienna in 1907, where they changed the Czech Slavic name of "Zajtich" to the German "Seyß-Inquart".
Seyß-Inquart later studied law at the University of Vienna.
At the beginning of World War I in August 1914, Seyß-Inquart enlisted in the Austrian Army and served in Russia, Romania and Italy.
He was decorated for bravery on a number of occasions, and while recovering from wounds in 1917 he completed his final examinations for his degree.
In 1911, Seyß-Inquart met Gertrud Maschka.
The couple married in 1916 and had three children: Ingeborg Caroline Auguste Seyß-Inquart (born 18 September 1917), Richard Seyß-Inquart (born 1921) and Dorothea Seyß-Inquart (born 1928).
He went into law after the war, and in 1921 set up his own practice.
During the early years of the first Austrian republic, he was close to the Vaterländische Front.
He became a State Councillor in 1937 under Kurt Schuschnigg.
He was not a member of the Austrian National Socialist party at first.
But by 1938, Seyß-Inquart was the highest-ranking politician in the Austrian National Socialist Party.
In February 1938, Seyß-Inquart was appointed Minister of the Interior by Schuschnigg, after Hitler had threatened Schuschnigg.
On 11 March 1938, Schuschnigg resigned as Austrian Chancellor and Seyß-Inquart was appointed to the position by Austrian President Wilhelm Miklas.
Hitler's plan was to have Seyß-Inquart send a telegram asking for German help to stop riots, but President Miklas did not make Seyß-Inquart chancellor until after Hitler's invasion of Austria.
On 13 March 1938, Seyß-Inquart joined the National Socialist party.
Head of Ostmark and Southern Poland
Hitler was going to leave Austria independent, but after the welcome the invading German troops got during the Anschluß he decided to make Austria a new part of the Third Reich, called Ostmark (or eastern boundary) .
Seyß-Inquart wrote the statute which made Austria a province of Germany, and signed it into law on 13 March.
Seyß-Inquart became Reichsstatthalter or Governor of the so-called Ostmark.
Ernst Kaltenbrunner was chief minister, and Burckel Commissioner for the Reunion of Austria (concerned with the "Jewish Question").
Reichskommissar in the Netherlands
After Germany invaded the Low Countries, Seyß-Inquart became Reichskommissar for occupied Netherlands in May 1940.
His job was to organize civil administration, create close economic ties with Germany and defend the interests of the Reich.
He supported the Dutch National Socialist Party (NSB) and allowed it to create a paramilitary Landwacht, as an auxiliary police force.
Other political parties were banned in late 1941, and many former government officials imprisoned at Sint-Michielsgestel.
The administration of the country was largely controlled by Seyß-Inquart himself.
He introduced measures to combat 'terror', and when a widespread strike took place in Amsterdam, Arnhem and Hilversum in May 1943 special summary court-martials were held and a collective fine of 18 million guilders was imposed.
Seyß-Inquart authorized the execution of around 800 people before liberation.
Some people say it was not merely 800 but over 1,500, including executions under the so-called "Hostage Law" involving (among others) political prisoners who were close to being liberated, the Putten incident, and the reprisal execution of 117 Dutchmen for the attack on SS and Police Leader" Hanns Albin Rauter.
From July 1944 on, most of Seyß-Inquart's powers were transferred to the military commander in the Netherlands and the Gestapo, but he was still an important and powerful political figure.
KZ Herzogenbusch near Vught, and
Kamp Amersfoort near Amersfoort.
There was also a "Jewish assembly camp" at Westerbork, in addition to a number of other camps controlled by the military, the police, the SS or Seyß-Inquart's administration.
These included a "voluntary labor recruitment" camp at Ommen.
A total of around 530,000 Dutch civilians worked for the Germans, of whom 250,000 were sent to factories in Germany.
Seyss-Inquart was an anti-Semite: within a few months of his arrival in the Netherlands, he sacked Jews from government, the press and leading positions in industry.
Anti-Jewish measures escalated after 1941: approximately 140,000 Jews were registered, a ghetto was created in Amsterdam and a transit camp set up at Westerbork.
In February 1941, 600 Jews were sent to the Buchenwald and Mauthausen concentration camps.
Later, Dutch Jews were sent to Auschwitz.
As Allied forces approached in September 1944 the remaining Jews at Westerbork were sent to Theresienstadt.
Of 140,000 registered Dutch Jews, only 44,500 survived the war.
The Nazi regime had tried a 'scorched earth' policy, and also destroyed some docks and harbors.
Seyß-Inquart agreed with Armaments Minister Albert Speer that destroying everything to keep valuable materials from Allied forces or a new government after the war was wrong.
Seyß-Inquart also helped in the so-called 'hunger winter' of 1945 to distribute food, and allowed Allied airplanes to drop Swedish white bread for the hungry people of occupied northern Netherlands.
He remained Reichskommissar until 8 May 1945, when, after a meeting with Karl Dönitz to confirm his blocking of the scorched-earth orders, he was captured in Hamburg.
His defence lawyer was Gustav Steinbauer.
Seyß-Inquart was nonetheless found guilty of all charges except conspiracy.
On hearing of his death sentence, Seyss-Inquart made it clear he accepted responsibility for excesses during the war, "Death by hanging...well, in view of the whole situation, I never expected anything different.
It's all right".
He was hanged on 16 October 1946, at the age of 54, together with nine other Nuremberg defendants.
His last words were "I hope that this execution is the last act of the tragedy of the Second World War and that the lesson taken from this world war will be that peace and understanding should exist between peoples.
I believe in Germany".
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Arthur Seyss-Inquart
Austrian war criminals
Executed Austrian people
Austrian lawyers
Classical Athens refers to the city of Athens from  508 to 322 BC.
Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes, after the tyranny of the Peistratids and the rule of Isagoras.
This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC.
Athens was one of the most powerful cities in ancient times.
It was important because there democracy developed.
In 477 B.C. Athens began the Delian League to join the city-states for protection.
Their rival was the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
The Delian League's money was kept in the temple of Apollo.
In the classical period, Athens was a center for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Akademia and Aristotle's Lyceum.
Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Pericles, Sophocles, and other philosophers, writers and politicians of the ancient world.
It is widely referred to as the cradle of western civilization, and the birthplace of democracy.
Its culture and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC had widespread effects.
Athenian hegemony or Age of Pericles (448–430 BC)
Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC)
Corinthian War and the Second Athenian League (395–355 BC)
Athens under Macedon (355–322 BC)
Persian War
When King Xerxes of Persia fought the Greeks of Asia Minor, Athens helped the Greeks in Asia Minor.
In time, the Persians attacked Greece and the Greco-Persian wars began.
On the plain of Marathon, many Persians with bows and arrows fought the Greeks.
Even though there were many more Persians than Greeks, the Greeks won because they had spears and swords of metal.
Themistocles, the general of Athens, warned the Athenians that the Persians would return, so they should make their navy bigger.
The people did so, and Sparta offered to help.
In 480 BC the Persians arrived and attacked the Greeks, both on land and on sea.
The Persians won the battle of Thermopylae, but the battle gave the Greeks time to get ready.
Although the city of Athens was burnt down, most of the people had run away to the nearby islands for safety.
Themistocles ordered the Greeks to prepare for another attack.
This time he told them to leave their ships in the Bay of Salamis.
When the Persians arrived, they were surprised and confused by the harbor that was so full of ships they could not travel in it.
In this battle of Salamis a few hundred Greek ships destroyed many, many Persian ships.
Xerxes went away.
The next year, 32,000 Greek hoplites and 50,000 other soldiers won the Battle of Plataea.
The Persians did not attack Greece again.
Even though Sparta and Athens helped each other in battle, they were very different culturally.
In 431 to 404 B.C., these two city-states fought in a conflict called the Peloponnesian War after the name of the lower part of the peninsula.
Sparta had help from other states.
Many people died in the siege of Athens because of a terrible sickness, including Pericles.
In 405, the Spartans destroyed the navy of Athens in battle.
Athens surrendered to Sparta in the following year.
For 30 years Sparta ruled, but many people did not like Spartan government, and Thebes, another city-state, helped Athens defeat Sparta.
For nine years Thebes was the most powerful state.
However, Greece was much weaker because of the wars inside her country.
Philip of Macedonia began to move into Greek territory.
Although Demosthenes warned Athens of the danger, Athenians did not care.
At Chaeronea, Philip of Macedonia controlled Greece.
When Philip died, his son, Alexander the Great, even though he was only 20 years, went out to capture the world.
He won Asia Minor, Persia, Egpyt, and a small part of India, but he died of sickness when he was 32.
The people in Athens ate simply, usually barley cakes, onions, fish, and fruit.
For clothes the men wore short pieces of cloth (tunics), aprons, and sandals for work.
A woman wore a chiton, which was a long, loose cloth that was attached to the shoulder.
The loose garment was like a blouse because of a rope worn around the waist.
Sandals were made by putting the foot on a piece of skin while the shoemaker made a covering for the foot.
Children liked to have pet rabbits and to play ball games.
For fun, they also raced little chariots pulled by dogs.
They were taught by slaves, and learned poetry, music, and dancing.
Exercise was also important.
When a young man became 18, he began two years of training for the army.
After that he could join in the men's classes where javelin throwing was done.
For protection in wrestling, he tied leather strips around his wrists.
He also cut his hair.
Teachers from many lands taught the young men.
The Greek hoplites fought close together in a phalanx formation.
Their spears were very long.
Women in classical Athens
Women in ancient and classical Athens were treated with little respect.
They could not become citizens of Athens.
This means they could not vote and did not have any direct say in what happened in Athens.
They could not run for election.
Girls could not be citizens.
They left their home at the age of 14 to get married, sometimes with a man who was much older than she was (about 30 years old).
Her marriage would be arranged by her father.
On most occasions, the father would pick a rich husband for his daughter.
The girl and her mother had no say in who she married, it was entirely the father's choice.
Contrast that with Sparta.
Spartan women enjoyed a status, power, and respect that was unknown in the rest of the classical world.
Although Spartan women were excluded from military and political life they enjoyed considerable status as mothers of Spartan warriors.
As men engaged in military activity, women took responsibility for running estates.
in the 4th century BC Spartan women owned approximately between 35% and 40% of all Spartan land and property.
They controlled their own properties, as well as the properties of male relatives who were away with the army.
Spartan women rarely married before the age of 20, and unlike Athenian women who wore heavy, concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house, Spartan women wore short dresses and went where they pleased.
Girls as well as boys received an education.
Young women as well as young men may have taken part in the Gymnopaedia ("Festival of Nude Youths").
Watership Down is a novel written by Richard Adams.
It tells the story of rabbits and their adventures concerning their warren at a hill in the north of Hampshire, England known as Watership Down.
In this fantasy book, rabbits with human intelligence are shown in their natural environment.
They have their own culture, language, proverbs, poetry and mythology.
Hazel- The main character.
He is at first the only rabbit who trusts his brother, Fiver.
He becomes the leader of the rabbits when they reach Watership Down.
Hazel is not very large or powerful, however he is loyal, brave, and a quick thinker.
He sees the good in everyone, and what they bring to the table; in so doing, he makes sure that no one gets left behind, thus earning the respect and loyalty of his warren.
He often relies on Fiver's advice, and trusts in his brother's instincts completely.
Fiver – A small, runt rabbit.
His Lapine (rabbit language) name is Hrairoo, which means "Little-five" or "Little-thousand".
Rabbits are supposed to be capable of counting only up to four, so there are no specific numerical fixes beyond four.
He can tell the future.
His visions of the destruction of the Sandleford warren cause him to leave with his brother, Hazel, and several other rabbits.
His visions are almost always about Hazel, such as saving him from the snared warren and dying from a gunshot wound.
He also gives Hazel a vision that inspires Hazel to set up the release of the Nuthanger Farm dog to save the Watership Down warren from General Woundwort.
Bigwig – A rabbit who was formerly an officer in the Sandleford Owsla.
His name in Lapine is Thlayli, which means "Fur-head" and refers to the fur on the back of his head.
The largest and most powerful of the Sandleford survivors in terms of strength, he is often blunt and impatient for dangerous action and fighting.
He quickly becomes friends with Kehaar and often asks for his help on Hazel's behalf.
General Woundwort – The Chief Rabbit of Efrafa who serves as the primary enemy.
He is a hard and brutally efficient rabbit.
He became an orphan at a young age and started the Efrafa warren.
He is described as the largest rabbit anyone has ever seen.
Holly thinks he is the one rabbit that is more than a match for Bigwig.
In the television series and the movie, Woundwort is blind in his left eye.
Fiver, a rabbit with a gift for seeing the future, living at Sandleford Warren, sees his home being destroyed by a land developer in the future.
He convinces his brother, Hazel to talk to the Chief Rabbit, Threarah about leaving the Warren, however, the Chief Rabbit has no intention of leaving.
Hazel, Fiver, and nine other rabbits then set off in search of a new home (at the time, merely off of the basis of Fiver's dreams that a good home awaits them somewhere far away).
They travel through forests, fields, over rivers, and roads filled with hrududu's (cars) before tiredness forces them to stop at a warren headed by a rabbit named Cowslip.
After much debate, the rabbits agree to stay at Cowslips warren.
The warren however, feels wrong to them (especially Fiver) due to the other rabbit's strange customs.
They soon find out that the strange actions that Cowslip's rabbits are showing is due to the fact that they are merely being fed and taken care of by a farmer so that he kill them off, one by one, for food.
They leave Cowslip's warren, although Bigwig nearly dies on the way.
They keep going until they arrive at the site of Watership Down, a high hill that is far from man and full of good food and safety.
After a day or two at their good land that Fiver had promised them, Hazel is named the unofficial chief rabbit of Watership Down.
However, Hazel realizes that there are no does (female rabbits) among them, and they cannot have a healthy warren of rabbits without does.
Hazel later rescues a big gull named Kehaar, who has been hurt by a cat.
After nursing Kehaar back to health, Keharr agrees to help the rabbits for the time being in return for their kindness toward him.
After being asked by Hazel to check out of the area, Kehaar finds a large warren called Efrafa to the South of their position.
After hearing that Efrafa is large and too crowded, Hazel sends four rabbits to Efrafa to ask if they could bring back some does to their warren.
However, Efrafa, being a large warren with too many rabbits, is tightly controlled by a rabbit named General Woundwort and his large military.
Each rabbit is told when are where they are allowed to eat, sleep and more.
Nothing happens without the General's ok, including leaving the warren.
The four rabbits barely run away after playing a trick on an Efrafan Captain.
At the same time that the four rabbits are at Efrafa, Hazel leads a small group to look into Kehaar's report that there is a farm with a few caged rabbits, including does.
After a few raids, the Watership rabbits break a few caged rabbits out of the farm, but Hazel is shot on the way out.
Fiver has a vision where Hazel is, though, and Hazel is found and returned to health.
Now hearing how Efrafa is, the weakened Hazel decides to free the rabbits from Efrafa.
All of the Watership rabbits travel carefully to the edges of Efrafa.
Pretending to be a wandering alone rabbit, Bigwig infiltrates Efrafa as an officer of their Owsla.
Secretly, however, Bigwig is helping get rabbits to help with the break out.
He meets Hyzenthlay and Thethunninnang, two does who tell him that, if he has a working plan, they and a few other rabbits will attempt the escape with him.
After nearly having to fight General Woundwort, Bigwig and the does break out of Efrafa with Kehaar's help.
Of course this break out is noticed by the guards, and soon the General himself and his small army catch up Bigwig and the runaway rabbits.
They get away only because Kehaar attacks Woundwort.
Woundwort keep chasing the rabbits to a stream, and the rabbits escape on a small boat.
Two does die on the way to Watership Down, but most rabbits make it there safely.
The rabbits are glad to see the new rabbits.
However, a field mouse warns the rabbits that General Woundwort and a small strike team are coming.
The General then attacks the warren in the night as the Watership Rabbits head to their deepest burrows, blocking off the tunnels in an attempt to hold off the Efrafans.
While in a burrow, Fiver passes out as too many visions come to him at once.
Meanwhile, Hazel, has a vision of how to stop the Efrafans.
Hazel tells Bigwig to stay there and fight and he takes Blackberry and Dandelion out of the burrow.
Hazel's plan is to use the dog at the nearby Nuthanger farm to defeat the Efrafans.
Hazel's plan works, however Bigwig and Hazel are hurt in the process.
General Woundwort disappears, never to be seen again.
Captain Campion and the other attackers go back to Efrafa, where Campion becomes Chief Rabbit.
Hazel lives a long life as Chief Rabbit of Watership Down, while his warren does well and is peaceful.
Fiver recovers and Bigwig becomes the respected captain of the guard.
Bestseller database entry
Article on the book by John D. Rateliff
The Real Watership Down: Photographs and descriptions of the story's setting
A Tribute to Watership Down, including Lapine Glossary
A literary pilgrimage to Watership Down
1985 Audio Interview with Richard Adams - RealAudio (28 min.
55 sec.)
Aerial View & Map of Watership Down (GoogleMaps)
Essay: Life and Society on Watership Down
Photos of the first American edition of Watership Down
Amazon Online Reader entry: presents the text of Chapter 1
1972 books
Books by Richard Adams
Richard George Adams (9 May 1920 – 24 December 2016) was an English author.
His most famous book, Watership Down, began as a story to tell his daughters.
Adams won both important British children's book awards, the Carnegie Medal and the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize.
Adams was in the British Army during World War II.
Later he joined the British Civil Service.
Two years after Watership Down was published, Adams became a full-time author.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1975.
Select books
Voyage Through the Antarctic (with Ronald Lockley)
Daniel (2006)
Literature since 1500
Mergoscia is a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
The village is found above Lago di Vogorno in the Verzasca valley.
Meride is a former municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Mezzovico-Vira is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Miglieglia is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Minusio is a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Mark Daniel Ronson (born 4 September 1975) is a music producer from London, England.
Ronson has released two albums.
His first, released in 2003, was mainly hip hop music.
His second, in 2007, featured British singers and musicians performing many different genres and styles.
Ronson's mother, Ann Dexter-Jones, is a writer, and his father used to work in the music industry.
He has two twin sisters, Charlotte and Samantha.
Samantha is also a musical artist, and a well known LA DJ.
Ronson became interested in hip hop when he moved to New York City, aged 8.
He went New York University, and became a popular DJ in New York during the 1990s.
Ronson's first album was called Here Comes the Fuzz, a hip hop album featuring artists such as Ghostface Killah.
It reached #70 in the music charts.
His second album, Version, was more successful.
It sold more, and was nominated for a number of awards.
It featured lead vocals by the likes of Amy Winehouse, Lily Allen, Robbie Williams, and others famous British singers too.
Jordan Galland, an American musican also contributed to it.
The artists performed cover songs, (which means the songs were new 'versions' of old songs - the word "version" was originally used in this context by the Reggae scene) but what made this second album stand out was the return to the use of professional arrangers and a full brass section.
At a time when other producers such as Timbaland had made a name for themselves by producing simple stripped down backing beats, the sound was a complete change of direction.
The brass section that Ronson used was the Dap-Kings who usually performed with Sharon Jones.
It reached #2 in the British charts.
MarkRonson.co.uk Official home page
MySpace.com/MarkRonson Ronson's MySpace page
Shardik takes place in an imaginary region called the Beklan Empire.
A lonely hunter, Kelderek, pursues Shardik, a giant bear.
Both of them become unwillingly drawn into the politics of the entire empire.
The story's key themes include the personal struggles of sin and atonement, the strength and potential of children, and the responsibility of adults to protect and nurture children in hope of a better future.
1974 books
The Warsaw Uprising of 1794 (also called the "Warsaw Insurrection") was started by a group of Polish people who lived in Warsaw.
With help from the Polish Army, they tried to stop Russia from controlling the biggest city in Poland.
It started on April 17, 1794, which was soon after Tadeusz Kościuszko's victory at an important battle.
The Polish people had been preparing to fight in the uprising since the spring of 1793.
They managed to become very popular: they formed a large army of volunteers who were led by a shoemaker, Jan Kiliński.
Apart from this army, the most famous group to take part in giving the Polish people their freedom were the Poles who had been forced to join the Russian army.
A person who watched the fighting was a French artist, Jan Piotr Norblin, who drew pictures of the uprising.
1790s in Europe
He is often shown with a yellow face.
He carries an umbrella as a sign of his power.
He is also sometimes shown with a mongoose, often shown spitting out jewels.
The mongoose is the enemy of the snake, which is a symbol of greed or hatred; the spitting out of jewels shows generosity.
Vaiśravaṇa in Theravāda tradition
In the Pāli writings of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition, Vaiśravaṇa is called Vessavaṇa.
Vessavaṇa is one of the Four Great Kings, each one of which rules over a direction.
Vessavaṇa's direction is the northern quarter of the world.
As with all the Buddhist deities, Vessavaṇa is properly the name of a person who has the god inside him rather than a permanent individual.
Each Vessavaṇa is a human, and when he dies, he will be replaced by a new Vessavaṇa.
Like other beings of the Cātummahārājika world, his lifespan is 90,000 years, but other sources say nine million years.
When the Buddha was born, Vessavaṇa became his follower.
He often brought the Buddha and his followers messages from the gods and other humans, and protected them.
Vaiśravaṇa in Japan
In Japan, Bishamonten (毘沙門天), or just Bishamon (毘沙門) is thought of as a god of war or warriors who wears armor, and a punisher of people who do evil things, a view that is very strange when compared with the more peaceful Buddhist king described above.
Bishamon is shown holding a spear in one hand and a small pagoda in the other hand.
The Pagoda symbolises the divine treasure house, which holds things that he guards and gives away.
In Japanese folklore, he is one of the Japanese Seven Lucky Gods.
Vaiśravaṇa in Tibet
In Tibet, Vaiśravaṇa is known to be a worldly protector of the Dharma.
He is also known as the King of the North.
As guardian of the north, he is often shown on temple wall paintings outside the main door.
He is also a god of wealth.
Vaiśravaṇa is sometimes shown carrying a citron, the fruit of the jambhara tree.
The fruit helps pick him out from depictions of Kuvera.
Vaiśravaṇa in popular culture
A character called "Uesugi Kenshin" in the Playstation 2 game Samurai Warriors prays to Bishamon a lot for strength.
He also gains the title "Bishamonten Avatar" at one point.
In the video game series Onimusha: Warlords a Bishamon statue is seen.
The Bishamon Sword is also the best weapon in the game.
In Atlus' video game series Megami Tensei, Bishamon is put into the Kishin clan which includes the protectors of various things.
In the PC game Touhou: Unidentified Fantastic Object, in the fifth stage, the heroine fights Shou, a tiger Youkai who earned the title "Disciple of Vaiśravaṇa" because she is the Avatar of Bishamonten.
Shou's theme is called "The Tiger Patterned Vaisravana" since she is the Avatar of Bishamonten, as stated above.
Dictionary of Pali Proper Names
Wrathful Guardians of Buddhism - Aesthetics and Mythology
Deities in Buddhism
Singer and songwriter Ian MacKaye had been in two bands before he joined Fugazi.
These bands were Embrace, a band that existed from 1985 to 1986, and the more well-known Minor Threat.
Guy Picciotto, who played guitar, was in famous punk/emo band Rites of Spring from 1984 to 1986.
Brendan Canty, who played drums, was also in Rites of Spring.
For Joe Lally, it was his first major band.
Style of music
Fugazi are known for their aggressive, "chunky" music.
It is difficult to call them one genre of music, as they play many different musical styles.
The band wanted to sound different to other bands they knew and had been in.
MacKaye and Picciotto also have different styles of singing and songwriting.
MacKaye prefers songs that people can sing along to, whereas Picciotto prefers more complex songs.
The members of Fugazi did not use illegal drugs, drink alcohol, or have casual sex.
This was called being "straight edge".
The term "straight edge" was invented by Minor Threat, MacKaye's previous band.
Fugazi have not officially split up.
However, they have not played since late 2002.
This is because some of the band members have settled down with their families.
13 Songs (1989) - A collection of songs from the band's first two EPs.
Repeater (1990)
Steady Diet of Nothing (1991)
In on the Kill Taker (1993)
Red Medicine (1995)
End Hits (1998)
The Argument (2001)
1980s establishments in Washington, D.C.
Benzaiten (弁才天, 弁財天) is the Japanese name of the goddess Saraswati.
Worship of Benzaiten arrived in Japan in the 6th to 8th centuries, mainly through the Chinese translations of the Sutra of Golden Light .
Her Sanskrit name is "Sarasvatî Devî", which means "flowing water".
This is why Benzaiten is the goddess of everything that flows: water, words, speech, and music.
The characters used to write her name showed her as the goddess of eloquence.
Because of the Sutra of Golden Light, in Japan she became a protector of the people.
Lastly, she became one of the Seven Lucky Gods.
In the Rig-Veda (6.61.7) Sarasvati killed the three-headed snake, also known as Vritra.
This is probably one of the sources of Sarasvati/Benzaiten's close link with snakes and dragons in Japan.
She has a shrine on the Island of Enoshima in Sagami Bay, about 50 kilometers south of Tokyo; and a five-headed dragon and her are the main people in the Enoshima Engi, a history of the shrines on Enoshima written by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kokei (皇慶).
According to Kokei, Benzaiten is the third daughter of the dragon-king of Munetsuchi (無熱池; literally "lake without heat"), the lake which is at the center of the world in an ancient Buddhist view.
A Study of the Enoshima Engi
Sacred Texts account of Benzaiten
Publication date: 1961
India and Japan: A Study in interaction during 5th cent - 14th century – By Upendra Thakur.
There are two ways to measure GDP (total income of a country) of different countries and compare them.
One way, called GDP at exchange rate, is when the currencies of all countries are converted into USD (United States Dollar).
The second way is GDP (PPP) or GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP).
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is measured by finding the values (in USD) of a basket of consumer goods that are present in each country (such as pineapple juice, pencils, etc.).
If that basket costs $100 in the US and $200 in the United Kingdom, then the purchasing power parity exchange rate is 1:2.
For example, suppose that Japan has a higher GDP per capita (US$18) than the US (US$16).
This means that the average Japanese person makes $2 more than the average American.
However, this does not necessarily imply that the Japanese are more affluent.
Suppose that one gallon of orange juice costs $6 in Japan, and $2 in the US, i.e. $6 buys a good in Japan that can be purchased in the US for $2.
1 gallon of orange juice is taken as a reference good in this example.
Simply, 1 gallon of orange juice can be bought in Japan, versus 3 gallons in America, with an equivalent amount of money.
We can calculate a PPP index for Japan vs. the US equal to 1/3.
According to orange juice prices, Americans have stronger purchasing power, or are able to buy more value with their money.
The US has a PPP-adjusted GDP of $16, which has not changed since it is the reference currency.
Japan's GDP, however, is only $6 when adjusted for PPP.
This is calculated by multiplying Japan's unadjusted GDP by the PPP index.
In reality, a much wider range of goods that includes much more than just orange juice is taken to calculate the PPP index, so that it accurately reflects the average cost of living.
Daily life (application)
Now apply this to daily life.
The orange juice represents the previously mentioned "basket of goods" which represents the cost of living in a country.
Therefore, even if a country has a higher GDP per capita (individual income), that country's people may still live poorer if the cost of living is higher.
There are some problems with how PPP is calculated using the market basket.
Because people in different countries buy different goods, it can be very hard to create an accurate market basket.
This means that PPP does not always represent the exact real value of money in different countries.
There was a clear distinction between free warren and domestic warren.
But today that is nearly gone.
One even speaks of a prairie dog warren.
Description of mounds, etc.
Animal enclosures
Animal husbandry and related
Warren (domestic), a rabbitry for the breeding and raising of domestic rabbits.
Warren is also used for rabbit or hare burrows in the wild.
Forest law
Warren (free) ("Free warren"), a type of hunting franchise under the Anglo-Norman Forest law
In metaphoric use, warren refers to a tight agglomeration of inferior accommodations, such as a slum.
Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States
Warren Beatty, American actor
Warren Christopher, former Secretary of State of the United States
Warren E. Burger, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Warren Buffett, American businessman and entrepreneur
Warren Hastings, first Governor-General of India
Warren Zevon, American singer and musician
Warren Truss, Australian politician
Warren abstract machine, a Prolog (software) engine
Warren Commission, which investigated the assassination of John F. Kennedy
Warren Cup, a Roman antiquity
Warren's Gate, an archaeological site