the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
A total of three members are elected to the European Parliament to represent overseas France, including overseas departments and overseas territories.
Since 1974, these regions have had their own individual regional councils for local government.
Ministry of the overseas departments and territories
History of France’s overseas administrative divisions
Amy Meredith Poehler (; born September 16, 1971) is an American actress, comedian, director, producer and writer.
She was a cast member of the television program Saturday Night Live between 2001 and 2008.
Poehler was born in Newton, Massachusetts.
Her parents are high school teachers Eileen Frances (née Milmore) and William Grinstead Poehler.
She grew up in nearby Burlington.
Her father is of German, Irish, Portuguese, and English ancestry.
Her mother is of Irish ancestry.
Poehler was raised in the Catholic faith.
She graduated from Burlington High School in 1989.
She studied at Boston College and at The Second City.
Poehler has been married to Will Arnett since 2003.
In September 2012, Poehler and Arnett separated.
The divorce was finalized in 2016.
in 2009
Amy Poehler named one of Men's Vogue's 2008 Visionaries
TODAY talent are on People magazine annual list of 100, led by Applegate
Amy Poehler at Emmys.com
People from Newton, Massachusetts
Pierre Roger de Beaufort was born in 1331 in Limousin in France.
The Rosier or Roger family were important in Limousin in central France.
Cardinal Beaufort was elected pope in 1370; and he chose to be called Gergory XI.
He was ordained as a priest on January 4, 1371; and was crowned pope on the following day, January 5, 13271
In 1377, Gregory XI was persuaded by Catherine of Siena to return to Rome.
He reestablished the papacy in Italy.
List of popes from the Roger family
"Gregory XI", Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope Gregory XI
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Roger de Beaufort
1331 births
1378 deaths
Mario Fortino Alfonso Moreno Reyes (12 August 1911 – 20 April 1993), known by the stage name Cantinflas (), was a Mexican comedian and stage and movie actor.
He often played poor peasants.
He became associated with Mexico, and had a long, successful movie career, including some time in Hollywood.
Charlie Chaplin once said that Moreno  was the best comedian alive, and Moreno has been called the "Charlie Chaplin of Mexico".
To audiences in the United States, he is best remembered as costarring with David Niven in Around the World in 80 Days (1956).
Moreno also was involved in Mexico's labor politics, which were often dangerous.
Although he was a political conservative, his reputation as somebody who spoke for the poor made him seem real, and became important in the early struggle against charrismo, the one-party government's practice of taking over unions.
Actors from Mexico City
According to Deborah Jones, her family undergoes carbon diet.
They are already in week two of the Globe and Mail assignment.
The purpose of this assignment is to see how her family can reduces the emissions of greenhouse gas to reach the provincial goal of 33 percent reduction.
It is different from a low carbon diet which is done by choosing what to eat to reduce greenhouse gas discharge.
Carbon is from Latin word carbo "coal" is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.
As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
There are three naturally occurring isotopes, with 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is radioactive, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years.
The term "carbon diet" is used in book Gore:A Political Life.
There are steps in carbon diet:
Calculate a carbon footprint to understand the amount of carbon dioxide emissions
Measure the carbon footprint against peers (e.g., similar company size or for individuals, a national average)
Determine the ideal carbon footprint
Identify the source of the most significant carbon dioxide emissions [3]
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions by starting with the most significant sources first
Zelnick, Robert (1999).
Gore: a political life.
Washington, DC: Regnery Pub.. pp.
ISBN 0-89526-326-2.
Deborah Jones, "Stepping Towards Greener Pastures: Part 2 of BC family's carbon diet focuses on transportation," The Globe and Mail, March 30, 2007
Data and studies on CO2 emissions from common goods and services are at CO2List.org
He entered the service of Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, brother of the Duke of Parma and grandson of Pope Paul III.
Farnese appointed Fasccinetti as the acting governor of Parma from 1556 to 1558.
Facchinetti was elected pope in 1591;  and he chose to be called Innocent IX.
He died two months after his election.
Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Innocent IX
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Facchinetti
Pope Innocent X (;  6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 237th Pope from 1644 to 1655.
Pamphilij was born in Rome in 1574.
He was a great-great-great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI
List of popes from the Borgia family
Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Innocent X
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Pamphilj
1655 deaths
Yuko Kavaguti , born November 20, 1981– ),  also known as , is a Japanese-Russian Olympic athlete and international ice skating competitor.
In December 2008, she became a Russian citizen and her Russian name is Kavaguti.
Kawaguchi gave up her Japanese citizenship.
Kawaguchi was born in Funabashi, Chiba in Japan.
She began skating at the age of five because her mother was a fan of ice dancing.
She studied international relations at St. Petersburg State University, completing her degree in June 2007.
In addition to her native Japanese, she is also fluent in Russian and English.
In international competition, Kavaguti is pairs skater.
She represents Russia with Alexander Smirnov.
Kavaguti became a Russian citizen so that she would qualify for a spot on the Russian Olympic team.
Japan does not allow dual nationality, so she was obliged to give up her Japanese citizenship in order to compete for Russia.
As a Japanese citizen, Kawaguchi competed as a singles skater.
She switched to pairs after the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.
Kavaguti
As a Russian citizen, Kavagui has won many medals, including gold  at 2008 Skate Canada International.
Kavaguti was a partner in the pairs team which won the 2010 European Figure Skating Championships,  Kavaguti and Smirnov won the 2010 Cup of Russia,  They placed third in the 2010 World Figure Skating Championships.
Kavaguti and her partner won the 2011 Cup of China  and the 2011 NHK Trophy.
Awards and titles
Order of the President of the Russian Federation ’For services to the development of physical culture and sports, high athletic achievements at the XXI Olympic Games 2010 in Vancouver’ (March 5, 2010)
The Best in the Sport of St. Petersburg (February 2010)
Honored Master of Sports of Russia (2009)
Yuko Kavaguti at International Skating Union (ISU)
Sportspeople from Chiba Prefecture
Sugarland is a country music duo from the Southern United States.
They've had many #1 hits on record charts in the United States.
The lead singer is Jennifer Nettles.
BIGBANG is a name of the album in Japanese released by Big Bang in Japan.
Big Bang is a boy band that comes from South Korea.
Bigbang sings hip hop and R&B. This album was released on August 19, 2009.
Big Bang (band) - South Korean music group
BIGBANG - Big Bang (band) second Japanese album
BIGBANG 2 - Big Bang (band) third Japanese album
The Big Bang Theory - an American situation comedy TV series
Blues harmonica players
Boron carbide is a chemical compound with the formula B4C. It is an extremely hard ceramic.
It is often used as an abrasive, as armor, as a scratch-proof coating, as a neutron absorber in the control rods of nuclear reactors, and as an additive in the cut-resistant shackle in some padlocks.
Numerical Control (NC) is a way to automate machines.
In numerical control, the commands these machines get come from a storage medium; they are not controlled and operated manually.
The first such machines were Jacquard looms controlled by punched cards.
Machine tools for cutting metal were built in the 1940s and 1950s.
They used punched tape instructions.
Soon, the tools were changed, to use computers.
Numerical control with computers is known as Computer Numerical Control, or CNC.
Attempts to automate machines in the 19th century, for example copying-lathes, used cams.
These are basically wheels that change the position of notches to control a machine.
The basic difference to modern NC is that these cams only automated one given task; modern NC and CNC machines can be programmed to a greater extent.
History of the NC
The invention of numerical control has been due to the pioneering works of John T. Parsons in the year 1940, when he tried to generate a curve automatically by milling cutters by providing coordinate motions.
In the late 1940s Parsons conceived the method of using punched cards containing coordinate position system to control a machine tool.
The machine directed to move in small increments and generate the desired finish.
In 1948, Parsons demonstrated this concept to the US Air Force, who sponsored the series of project at laboratories of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
After research MIT was able to demonstrate first NC prototype in 1952 and in the next year they were able to prove the potential applications of the NC.
CNC Milling Materials
One of the most usual material types for milling are metals, and there are many to select from.
Aluminum - Perhaps the most widely used CNC milling material, for both mechanical and aspect components.
Aluminum is generally able to be machined quicker than other metals, making it the most economically viable.
Stainless Steel - Stainless steel alloys can be heat treated and supply corrosion resistant properties.
Uses include surgical equipment, electronics hardware, and other parts that need formability and weldability.
Titanium - What makes titanium unique is its high temperature melting point, making it useful for many industries and applications.
It’s considered to be corrosion resistant, and impervious to ductile, salt, and water.
Despite being biocompatible and lightweight, titanium material provides strength and sturdiness that makes it well-suited for applications like medical implants, aircraft components, and even jewelry.
A bolt cutter is a tool that is used for cutting bolts, chains, rebar, padlocks, screws, nails, and many other objects.
It is similar to a pair of cutting pliers, but is much larger.
A crowbar is a metal tool used mainly to pry things open.
It is usually hook shaped.
Sometimes the bottom is slightly curved to allow for better leverage.
Some crowbars have a notched an end for removing nails.
Crowbars are often made of carbon steel.
They can also be made of titanium which is lighter and non-magnetic.
The first known use of the word was somewhere in the 1400s where they were simply called crows or iron crows.
It is used as a lever either to force apart two objects or to remove nails.
Crowbars are commonly used to open nailed wooden crates.
Common uses for larger crowbars are: removing nails, prying apart boards, and generally breaking things.
Crowbars can be used as any of the three lever classes but the curved end is usually used as a first-class lever, and the flat end as a second class lever.
In mining, crowbars are used to break blasted rocks and to remove loose rock on roof sides and the working face, but not much in modern mining.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is where seafloor spreading takes place in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
It is part of a world-wide system of mid-ocean ridges.
These ridges make up the longest mountain range in the world, all underwater except for short stretches like Iceland.
On Iceland, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge reaches the surface.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge includes a deep rift valley which runs along the middle of the ridge along almost its entire length.
At the rift, the boundary between tectonic plates, magma from the mantle reaches the seafloor.
New magma emerges onto the ocean floor near the ridge axis.
The ridge was discovered during the expedition of HMS Challenger in 1872.
A team of scientists on board discovered a large rise in the middle of the Atlantic.
They were planning the future location for a transatlantic telegraph cable.
The existence of such a ridge was confirmed by sonar in 1925
In the 1950s, mapping of the Earth’s ocean floors showed the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to have valleys and ridges.
Its central valley is seismologically active and the epicentre of many earthquakes.
Ewing and Heezen discovered the ridge to be part of a 40,000-km-long essentially continuous system of mid-ocean ridges on the floors of all the Earth’s oceans.
The discovery of this worldwide ridge system led to the theory of seafloor spreading and general acceptance of Wegener's theory of continental drift and expansion as plate tectonics.
The ridge sits atop a geologic feature known as the Mid-Atlantic Rise which is a progressive bulge that runs the length of the Atlantic Ocean, with the ridge resting on the highest point of this linear bulge.
This bulge is thought to be caused by upward convective forces in the asthenosphere pushing up the oceanic crust and lithosphere.
Benedetto Odescalchi was born at Como in 1611.
He was the son of a Como nobleman, Livio Odescalchi
The process of canonization was begun in 1714 and suspended in 1744.
Pope Pius XII announced his beatification in 1956.
Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Innocent XI
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Odescalchi
Video footage showing the beatification of Pope Innocent XI
1611 births
The surface area to volume ratio of an object is the relationship between two measurements.
It is the ratio of Surface area to volume.
It shows the comparison between the size of the outside of an object and the amount inside.
Small or thin objects have a large surface area compared to the volume.
This gives them a large ratio of surface to volume.
Larger objects have small surface area compared to the volume so they have a small surface area to volume ratio.
A large lump, for example, has a small ratio, and may be smashed into powder to give it a large surface to volume ratio.
Two common ways of writing it are sa/vol or SA:V. Either of these say to divide the surface area by the volume.
This shows how much surface area is required for each unit of volume.
The Honda Accord is a midsize car that is built by the Honda company.
The car has changed over time.
It has had ten different basic designs.
The Honda Accord has been made and sold since 1976.
The car later spawned a station wagon crossover SUV called the Crosstour in 2009.
However, very low sales prompted Honda to discontinue the Crosstour in 2015.
A punched card is a storage medium.
It contains information in the form of holes, that are at precise locations on the card.
In the 19th century, punched cards were widely used to control machines, such as looms and for census.
Fairground organs and related instruments still use punched cards, as do some voting machines.
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Sri Lanka is SRI.
In 1964, it was CEY for Ceylon.
Teams took part in all Summer Olympic Games since then, but not the 1976 Games.
Sri Lanka never took part in the Winter Olympic Games.
The National Olympic Committee for Sri Lanka was formed in 1937 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee the same year.
The nation was called Ceylon until 1972.
Sri Lanka profile at London2012.com
Syria was first at the Olympic Games in 1948.
The nation came back to the Games in 1968.
They also missed the 1976 Games.
The nation has not been in the Winter Olympic Games.
Syrian Arab Republic profile at London2012.com
Chinese Taipei has been in many Olympic Games.
The country first competed with the Chinese National Olympic Committee.
From 1960 to now the country now takes part as the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee
Taipei (Chinese Taipei) profile at London2012.com
Tajikistan was first at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1996.
They have been to every Summer Olympic Games since then.
The nation has been at the Winter Olympic Games since 2002.
Before, Tajik athletes were part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics until 1988.
Tajikistan was part of the Unified Team in 1992.
The National Olympic Committee for Tajikistan was formed in 1992 and recognized  by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.
Tajikistan profile at London2012.com
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste was first at the Olympic Games in 2000.
They have not won any medals.
The National Olympic Committee was formed in 2003.
It is called Comitê Olímpico Nacional de Timor-Leste.
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste profile at London2012.com
Naypyidaw (), also known Nay Pyi Taw or Naypyitaw, is the capital city of Myanmar, also known as Burma.
The new capital is located between middle mountain range of Bago Yoma and eastern mountain range of Shan Yoma.
Naypyidaw covers an area of 7,054.37 square-km.
"Welcome to Naypyidaw, Madam Secretary; Hillary Clinton visits Myanmar's Potemkin capital," Foreign Policy (US).
December 1, 2011.
McElroy, Damien.
"Burma: welcome to Naypyidaw - the home of kings - and the world's weirdest capital city," The Telegraph (UK).
18 November 2011.
Global Security.org, Naypyidaw
"Naypyidaw, An Unconventional Capital," 2011
Metabolism is a kind of architecture that began in Japan around 1960.
This way of designing buildings came out of the rebuilding of Japan after World War II.
Members of the group include: Kiyoshi Awazu, Noboru Kawazoe, Kiyonori Kikutake, Kisho Kurokawa, Fumihiko Maki, Masato Otaka, and Kenzō Tange.
They wrote a short book in English and Japanese called "The proposals for a New Urbanism" for the World Design Conference in 1960.
Many Metabolist projects or designs were very large city plans called megastructures.
The members thought of cities as living things that changed over long periods of time.
These architects were interested in building housing for large numbers of people.
They often planned buildings that could be changed.
One example is the Nakagin Capsule Tower by Kurokawa (1972).
Each apartment was a rectangular block with one round window.
These blocks could be added, moved, or removed as needed.
It was a "plug-in building".
Kurokawa planned for new, better capsules to be added to replace old ones.
However, people living in the tower plan to tear it down and rebuild a larger building.
The  is a building designed by architect Kisho Kurokawa.
It has apartments and offices in it.
The tower is in Shimbashi, Tokyo, Japan.
Nakagin Capsule Tower is an example of the Metabolism style of architecture.
It was the first modular capsule building.
Design and construction
The building is actually two towers.
One is eleven and the other is thirteen floors.
These towers are the utility cores.
They have the elevators, stairs, electric, and water services in them.
They also support the whole building.
140 capsules are attached to the two cores.
Each capsule unit is one apartment or office.
They are  ×  ×  and have one round window.
Just four bolts connect each unit to a tower.
The units are made from lightweight steel.
They were built in Shiga Prefecture and brought to Tokyo on trucks.
The capsules are not connected to each other, so any capsule can be removed or replaced without moving the others.
The towers are the permanent part of the building and the capsules were temporary.
Kurokawa planned for new units to be built to replace old ones.
As building technology improved, better units could be added.
Also, units could be changed as people moved in or out.
Capsules could even be moved from one building to another.
This part of the plan never happened.
No new capsules were ever built.
Residents plan to tear down the building.
They say there are problems with asbestos and that the building is too old and has not been repaired well.
Kurokawa and other architects want to keep the building as an historic example.
The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword is a video game made in 2011 for the Wii.
Unlike the other Legend of Zelda games, it focuses more on combat, keeping the role-playing and puzzle elements seen in earlier games.
The story is connected with the rest of the Legend of Zelda series, and this game is about how the master sword was made.
The player travels between two worlds: Skyloft, an area in the sky with floating islands which is the main area in the game, and Hyrule, which is located on the Earth.
It makes use of the Wii MotionPlus add-on for the Wii Remote.
The player uses the Wii Remote to swing Link's sword.
Link is the hero in this game.
Zelda is Link's childhood friend, and the heroine in the story.
Ghirahim: is the bad person who schemes to revive an ancient evil boss.
In this game, you can go to four different "realms", such as the Faron Province, the Elden Province, and the Lanyuru Province, as well as Skyloft.
A limited edition bundle with a gold  Wii MotionPlus and a CD with orchestrated versions of the series' well-known music tracks was sold to mark the 25th anniversary of The Legend of Zelda.
Skyward Sword
2021 video games
Gary Mason (15 December 1962 - 6 January 2011) was a boxer.
He was born in Jamaica, but later lived in England.
He had been a British heavyweight champion.
He had 37 wins in his career.
34 of those were knockouts.
He lost only once.
Lennox Lewis beat him in 1991.
Mason died after being hit by a van while riding his bicycle in London.
Australia at the Olympics is a history which includes 45 games in 22 countries and 3,000+ athletes.
Since 1895, Australia has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
The Australia National Olympic Committee was formed in 1895.
It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1895.
Australia has sent athletes to almost all of the modern Olympic Games.
Australia has competed in every Summer Olympic Games, and most Winter Olympic Games.
Medals by sport (both Summer and Winter)
Australian Olympic Committee
Australia profile at London2012.com
The Citroën Saxo is a car produced by Citroën.
It is based on the Peugeot 106.
It replaced the Citroën AX in 1996 and featured 3 and 5 door versions.
It received a facelift in late 1999.
It was replaced by the Citroën C3 and C2 in 2002 and 2003 respectively.
1.0i 33 kW (45 hp) and 37 kW (50 hp)
1.1i 40 kW (54 hp) and 44 kW (60 hp)
1.6i 65 kW (88 hp) and 72 kW (98 hp)
1.6i 16V 87 kW (118 hp)
1.5 D 40 kW (54 hp) and 42 kW (57 hp)
Saxo
The Arab Spring (, ) is a term used in the media for the revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both non-violent and violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010.
The protesters were angry that their countries did not give them many rights.
They also felt that, because of the governments, their quality of life was poor.
The Arab Spring resulted in many leadership changes.
By 2012, most of the governments involved had either been defeated and replaced or had stopped the protests.
A few years after the Arab Spring stopped, the Arab Winter began.
Many countries went back to having leaders that limited rights and many terrorist groups were made.
Many protests have continued.
The protests forced rulers out of power in Tunisia, Egypt (twice), Libya and Yemen.
Civil uprisings occurred in Bahrain and Syria.
Large protests happened in Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco and Sudan.
Smaller protests happened in Mauritania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Western Sahara and Palestine.
There were minor protests in countries that are not part of the Arab World, such as Iran and Israel.
There were border clashes in Israel.
Protests in Iranian Khuzestan by the Arab minority occurred in 2011.
Weapons and Tuareg fighters returning from the Libyan civil war had encouraged a conflict in Mali in North Africa.
The clashes in Lebanon were described as a spillover of violence from the Syrian uprising.
The protests shared some techniques of civil resistance in sustained campaigns involving strikes, demonstrations, marches, and rallies.
They were also effective at using social media to organize, communicate, and raise awareness against state attempts at repression and Internet censorship.
Many Arab Spring demonstrations were met with violent responses from authorities, as well as from pro-government militias and counter-demonstrators.
These attacks were answered with violence from protestors in some cases.
A major slogan of the demonstrators in the Arab world was Ash-sha`b yurid isqat an-nizam ("the people want to bring down the regime").
Origin of term
The first specific use of the term Arab Spring as used to signify these events may have started with the American political journal Foreign Policy.
Marc Lynch, referring to his article in Foreign Policy, writes "Arab Spring—a term I may have unintentionally coined in a January 6, 2011 article".
Joseph Massad on Al Jazeera said the term was "part of a US strategy of controlling [the movement's] aims and goals" and directing it towards American-style liberal democracy.
Due to the electoral success of Islamist parties before protests began in many Arab countries, the events have also come to be known as "Islamist Spring" or "Islamist Winter".
Arab winter
The series of protests and demonstrations across the Middle East and North Africa has become known as the "Arab Spring", and sometimes as the "Arab Spring and Winter" even though not all the participants in the protests are Arab.
It was sparked by the first protests that occurred in Tunisia on 18 December 2010 following Mohamed Bouazizi's self-immolation in protest of police corruption and ill treatment.
The protests also triggered similar unrest outside the region resembling a 'chain effect'.
Guangzhou (;  or ; ) is the capital of Guangdong Province of southern China.
Historically, it was known to Westerners as Canton, which is a misnomer, or a mistake in naming, since the name is an older English pronunciation for the entire region that the city is in, Guangdong.
It is also called the City of Flowers.
It is in the south of China and is one of the five biggest cities in China.
In mainland China, Guangzhou is regarded as one of the three most popular cities with Beijing and Shanghai, which is called Bei-Shang-Guang for short.
It is where the 16th Asian Games were held and it is famous for its food all over the world.
Guangzhou is the core city of South China.
It is on the north of Zhu Jiang Delta (Pearl River Delta), where the Dong Jiang River (East River), Xi Jiang River (West River) and Bei Jiang River (North River) join together.
On its South is the South China Sea.
With its geographical advantages, Guangzhou has been a very important port in South China for hundreds of years.
Today, it is the biggest and most important port for air, sea, and trains in China.
The area of Guangzhou is about .
The north part and middle part of Guangzhou are hills.
The west part and south part are plains that have a lot of rivers and streams.
Guangzhou is in the subtropics monsoon climate region.
It has a lot of sunshine and rain.
The average temperature is from 21.4 to 21.9 °C (about 71 °F) and the lowest temperature in winter is about .
The rainy season lasts for almost six months and the typhoons in summer also bring lots of rain.
The average humidity is about 77 percent.
Guangzhou has Baiyun Airport, which is one of the three most important parts of air transportation in the country.
The passenger throughput ranks third in China and 19th in the world.
It is also a very important harbor in China, second to Shenzhen in South China and the fourth one in the country.
With the Jing-Guang Railway, Jing-Jiu Railway, Guang-Shen Railway and other railways, Guangzhou has become one of the four biggest railway passenger stations in China.
A high speed railway has been built here.
Guangzhou has been the city famous for business for hundreds of years.
It has been open to the world for nearly 2000 years.
After the Reform and Opening Up in 1979, Guangzhou has gained great economic achievement.
For example, Guangzhou's GDP (Gross Domestic Product) has grown about 14% per year.
It ranks as the third economic city in China (not including Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao).
In addition, Guangzhou has become a city with a sound industrial foundation and developed tertiary-industry.
In September of 1993, Guangzhou was accepted as a member of the World Association of Metropolises.
The most important elements of Guangzhou’s economy are light manufacturing sector and foreign trade.
They are the main reasons for Guangzhou’s economic achievement and its attraction to appeal people from all over the world to begin their own business in this city.
Every year, the China Import and Export Commodities Fair (Guangzhou Fair) is held here.
It has the biggest conference and exhibition center, Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center, in Asia.
After 2000, Guangzhou began to change its industrial structure and increase its investment in the heavy manufacturing sector.
Nowadays, the automobile industry, petrochemical industry, and the IT industry have been the three mainstay industries in Guangzhou.
Culture and Education
Guangzhou is a typical city for Lingnan Culture.
The main characters of Lingnan Culture are open-mindedness, practical spirit and civilian consciousness.
People here don’t adhere to traditional rules.
They combine culture from different parts in the world with the local culture and are creating new culture to adjust to the modern world.
This is very different from the Center Plains Culture in the north part of China.
Guangzhou has its own opera, Guangdong Opera, and its own language, Cantonese.
In Guangzhou Metro, you can hear the announcement for station not only in Chinese and English, but also in Cantonese.
Besides, sotto portico is the typical construction for Lingnan Culture.
A flowers market held every Spring Festival is famous around South China.
The education in Guangzhou began in the Western Han Dynasty.
Now, Guangzhou is one of the cities with the most colleges and universities in the South China.
It is one of the cities which has the most education resource in the country.
The best comprehensive university here is Sun Yat-sen University.
It is a university built in memory of Sun Yat-sen, who led the Xinhai Revolution and is regarded as the father of China.
Adela Noriega  (), born Adela Amalia Noriega Méndez on October 24, 1969, in Mexico City, Mexico, is a Mexican television actress.
Noriega gained popularity as a teenager participating in telenovelas as a lead actress.
Some of her most famous works include Quinceañera (1987), Dulce Desafío (1989), María Isabel (1997), El Privilegio de Amar (1999), El Manantial (2001) and Amor Real (2003).
She is known as the "Queen of telenovelas".
Noriega was born in Mexico City, Mexico, on October 24, 1969.
At the age of 12, she was discovered by a talent scout.
She started working as a child model and appearing in commercials and music videos.
Her father died when Noriega was in her early adolescence.
Her mother died in 1995 from cancer.
Noriega takes long breaks between projects and avoids publicity.
Noriega made her television debut at the age of 14 in the telenovela, Principessa.
Soon after, she appeared in another telenovela, Juana Iris, and on a comic show, Cachún cachún ra ra!.
In 1986, she got her first leading role in the telenovela Yesenia where she played a role of a young gypsy.
Shortly after, she starred as a leading character of Quinceañera.
Quinceañera is considered to be the first telenovela made for teenagers because it dealt with the problems of youth (drugs, date rape and gangs) for the first time in the television genre.
A year later, she appeared in another teen drama, Dulce Desafío.
In 1993, Noriega signed a contract with the U.S. network, Telemundo, and starred in a successful telenovela, Guadalupe.
In 1995, she moved to Colombia and played the leading role in Maria Bonita, co-produced by RTI Colombia and Telemundo network.
Noriega returned to Mexico in 1997 and starred as the lead of María Isabel, where she portrayed an indigenous woman.
A year after, she played the leading female character in El Privilegio de Amar, the highest rated television program in Mexico to date.
In 2001, Noriega played the leading role in El Manantial.
In 2003, she portrayed an aristocrat, Matilde Peñalver y Beristáin, in Amor Real.
This historical telenovela received critical acclaim and was highly successful.
In 2005, she played the leading role in La esposa virgen.
Her most recent starring role was in the telenovela, Fuego en la sangre, from 2008.
Adela Noriega  – official website
Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources (or lamps).
These lamps produce light by sending electricity through an ionized gas.
Most of these lamps use a noble gas (usually argon or neon gas), or a combination of noble gases, but they often contain other materials, such as mercury, sodium or metal halides.
The gases in these lamps are ionized in operation.
This means that there are free electrons.
When an electric current is sent through the gas, electrons collide with atoms of the gas and the metals.
This will mean that some reach a higher energy state.
When they fall back into the lower energy state, they will emit the energy in the form of light.
The fluorescent lamp is probably the best known gas discharge lamp.
Sodium vapor lamps are commonplace as streetlights.
Gas-discharge lamps have a long life and a high efficiency, but they are more complicated to manufacture, which makes them more expensive to buy than incandescent lamps.
Due to their greater efficiency, gas-discharge lamps replacing incandescent light bulbs for many purposes in the late 20th century.
Early in the 21st century, light-emitting diodes improved, with even higher efficiency.
They began to replace some gas discharge lamps.
A charged particle, also called an ion, is an atom with a positive or negative charge.
This happens whenever something called an ionic bond forms.
Two particles that have different numbers of electrons (the smallest particle in an atom which is negative) start reacting to each other.
The particle that has the greater amount of electrons steals the other particle's electrons.
One becomes positive because it lost an electron, and the other negative because it got another electron.
The two particles become attracted to each other and mix together, making a new kind of particle.
A Germicidal lamp is a lamp that produces  a special type of ultraviolet light.
This light can ionise oxygen and produce ozone.
Ozone can kill many types of germs.
There are different designs of such lamps; some are very similar to compact fluorescent lamps.
Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city on the eastern side of the Tigris River.
It was the capital and a major city of the Assyrian empire.
Its ruins are across the river from the modern-day city of Mosul, Iraq.
The ruins of Nineveh are surrounded by the remains of a massive stone and mudbrick wall dating from about 700 BC.
The wall was bout 12 km in length.
The stone retaining wall had projecting stone towers spaced about every .
The stone wall and towers were topped by three-step parapets.
The city wall had fifteen monumental gateways.
They were checkpoints for people entering and exiting the city.
They probably had  barracks and armouries.
With the inner and outer doors shut, the gateways were fortresses.
The gateways had passages and interior chambers lined with finely cut stone.
A stairway led from one of the interior chambers to the top of the mudbrick wall.
The city wall was destroyed by ISIS by February, 2015.
The wall was destroyed during an effort to destroy historical buildings and monuments in the province by the jihadist rebel group.
This article lists the most visited art museums in the world.
This list of 100 is based on an attendance survey compiled by The Art Newspaper published in April 2013.
The country with the highest number of visitors in the top 100 is the United Kingdom.
The country with the most museums appearing in the list is the United States.
The list also includes exhibition centers organizing temporary art displays.
Several major art museums, such as the Palace Museum in Beijing, which annually draw close to 12 million visitors, the Museo del Prado in Madrid, with 2,800,000 visitors in 2012, and the National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico City, with 1,767,092 visitors in 2011, were not included.
Annual fluctuations occur due to the popularity of special exhibitions and improved collections.
For example, the National Gallery of Victoria 2,800,000 visitors in 2017, placing it well into the top 20.
Lists of museums
White asbestos, also called chrysotile asbestos or serpentine asbestos, is one of the six types of asbestos.
About 95% of asbestos found in buildings is white asbestos.
It is considered by experts to be less dangerous than the other types of asbestos, but it is still a major health hazard and exposure can cause cancer and asbestosis.
Piganatelli was made Bishop of Faenza in 1681.
Pope Innocent XI made him Archbishop of Naples in 1687.
In 1692, Innocent XII issued the papal bull Romanum decet Pontificem which banned the curial office of the cardinal-nephew.
In the Papal States, Innocent invested in public works.
For example, he caused the harbor of Porto d'Anzo to be constructed on the ruins of Antium.
Also, he constructed the aqueduct of Civitavecchia.
Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Innocent XII
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Pignatellit
1615 births
1700 deaths
Conti was born into a family that which included several popes including Pope Innocent III. (
1198–1216), he was a member of the family of the counts and dukes of Segni.
Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope Innocent XIII
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Conti
1655 births
The M. H. de Young Memorial Museum is an art museum in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park.
It is often called  just the de Young Museum.
It is named for early San Francisco newspaper publisher M. H. de Young.
The museum opened in 1895.
It was damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.
A new museum building opened in 2005.
Hurricane Roxanne was a destructive storm that hit the Mexican Yucatán Peninsula during October 1995.
The hurricane had winds next to 115 miles per hour when it hit.
Because of its impact, the name Roxanne was later retired and replaced by Rebekah.
The Bible is a collection of texts that are commonly referred to as books.
Many of these books have the name of only one person.
There is a controversy about how the texts of these books were fabricated.
For example, there is a discussion if all the Pauline epistles have been written by Paul the Apostle.
Thornton was the first who recorded "Hound Dog" by Leiber and Stoller.
Another song which is often covered is "Ball ´n Chain".
It is included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame list of the "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll".
It is one of her best-known songs because of being performed and recorded by Janis Joplin.
She was born in Montgomery, Alabama.
She got her musical education in a Baptist church, where her father was a minister and her mother a choir singer.
At the age of 14 she joined Sammy Green's Georgia-based Hot Harlem Revue and toured the south.
She was also a self-taught drummer and harmonica player.
She often played each instrument onstage.
1948 she settled in Houston.
In 1951  she was signing a recording contract with Peacock Records.
For this label she recorded "Hound Dog" which became #1 in the Rhythm ´n Blues charts.
Then she toured with  Junior Parker and Esther Phillips.
At the end of the 1950s her career faded.
She relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area, where she mostly played local blues clubs.
In 1966 she  recorded Big Mama Thornton With The Muddy Waters Blues Band featuring Muddy Waters (guitar), Sammy Lawhorn (guitar), James Cotton(harmonica), Otis Spann (piano), Luther Johnson (bass guitar), and Francis Clay (drums).
Her Ball 'n' Chain album in 1968 with Lightnin' Hopkins (guitar) and Larry Williams (vocals), included the songs "Hound Dog", "Wade in the Water", "Little Red Rooster", "Ball 'n' Chain", "Money Taker", and "Prison Blues".
One of Thornton's last albums was Jail (1975) for Vanguard Records.
The album was recorded in the mid-1970s at two prisons.
She became the leader of a blues ensemble .Thornton performed at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1966 and 1968, and at the San Francisco Blues Festival in 1979.
In 1965 she performed with the American Folk Blues Festival package in Europe where she recorded her album Big Mama Thornton in Europe and followed it up the next year in San Francisco with Big Mama Thornton with the Chicago Blues Band.
Both albums came out on the Arhoolie label.
Thornton continued to record for Vanguard, Mercury, and other small labels in the 1970s and to work the blues festival circuit until her death in 1984.
She was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1984.
Thornton died of a heart attack in Los Angeles on 25 July 1984 at the age of  57.
1965  Big Mama Thornton in Europe  Arhoolie
1967  Big Mama the Queen at Monterey  MCA
1968  She's Back
1969  Stronger Than Dirt
1970  Maybe  Roulette Records
1970  The Way It Is  Mercury
1973  Saved  Pentagram Records
1975  Jail  Vanguard
1975  Sassy Mama!
1978  Mama's Pride  Vanguard
Martine Aubry (born 8 August 1950) is a French politician.
She was born in Paris and is the daughter of Jacques Delors (born 1925).
Aubry was married to Xavier Aubry, and has a daughter from that marriage.
In 2004, she married Jean-Louis Brochen, a French lawyer, but decided to keep the family name of her first marriage.
Aubry studied economics in Paris.
She also has diplomas in political sciences, social sciences and work.
She has also studied at the École nationale d'administration.
She became active in the Confédération française démocratique du travail, which is currently the biggest trade union of the country.
She is the mayor of Lille since 2001 and the First Secretary of the Socialist Party since 2008.
She wanted to be the Socialist candidate to the 2012 presidential election but François Hollande defeated her.
A quick opening movement in sonata form including a cadenza (which may be improvised by the soloist).
A slow, free expressive movement
A faster rondo
Examples by Mozart and Beethoven follow this model, but there are many others which do not.
Beethoven's fourth piano concerto includes a last-movement cadenza, and many composers have made innovations – for example Liszt's single-movement concerti.
Classical and Romantic Piano Concertos , a list of Classical and Romantic piano concertos, and other music for piano and orchestra from the same period.
was a  after Meitoku and before Shōchō.
This period started in July 1394 and ended in April 1428.
During this time, the  emperors were   and .
Events of the Ōei era
27 August 1394 (Ōei 1, 1st day of the 7th month): Former-Emperor Chōkei died.
1398 (Ōei 5): Kinkaku-ji or "Gold Pavillion" is built by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.
September 1398 (Ōei 5, 8th month): In the 6th year of the reign of King Taejong of Joseon, a Korean diplomatic mission was received in Japan.
1399 (Ōei 6):  began.
Ōuchi Yoshiharu raised an army against Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.
1401 (Ōei 8, 2nd month): The Imperial Palace was destroyed by fire.
1402 (Ōei 9): A letter from the emperor of China was received by Yoshimitsu; and this formal communication mistakenly gives the title "king of Japan" to the Japanese shogun.
1419 (Ōei 26) :  was a Joseon military action in Tsushima Province (Tsushima Island).
More than 200 ships and 17,000 fighting men took part in this military expedition.
10 May 1424 (Ōei 31, 12th day of the 4th month): Former-Emperor Go-Kameyama died.
1428 disestablishments
was a  after Ōei and before Eikyō.
This period started in April 1428 and ended in September 1429.
During this time, the emperors were   and .
Events of the Shōchō era
3 February 1428 (Shōchō 1, 18th day of the 1st month): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi died at the age of 43.
30 August 1428 (Shōchō 1, 20th day of the 7th month): Emperor Shōkō died at he age of 27.
8 September 1428 (Shōchō 1, 29th day of the 7th month): Emperor Go-Hanazono is established on the throne at age 10.
was a  after Shocho and before Kakitsu.
This period started in September 1429 and ended in February 1441.
Events of the Eikyō era
14 April 1429 (Eikyō 1, 9th day of the 3rd month): The name of Ashikaga Yoshinobu was changed to Yoshinori.
1429: Yoshinori appointed shogun.
1433 (Eikyō 5, 6th month):  Letter from Emperor of China to the Shogun assumes wrongly that the head of the Ashikaga shogunate is the "king of Japan."
1433 (Eikyō 5, 10th month):  Former-Emperor Go-Komatsu died.
1438 (Eikyō 10): Revolt against the shogunate led by Ashikaga no Mochiuji.
Unilineal evolution, also called classical social evolution, was  a 19th-century social theory about the evolution of societies and cultures.
There were different theories by various sociologists and anthropologists.
However, they all believed that Western culture is the peak of social evolution.
Social status is seen as a single line that goes from most primitive to most civilized.
This theory is now generally considered obsolete in universities.
was a  after Eikyō and before Bun'an.
This period started in February 1441 and ended in February 1444.
Events of the Kakitsu era
12 July 1441 (Kakitsu 1, 24th day of the 6th month): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori was murdered at age 48.
1443 (Kakitsu 3): A Japanese-Korean diplomatic agreement (sometimes called the "Kakitsu treaty") was about on pirates (wakō) in the sea between Japan and Korea.
16 August 1443 (Kakitsu 3, 21st day of the 7th month): Shogun Yoshikatsu died after a fall from a horse.
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" – historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
was a  after Kakitsu and before Hotoku.
This period started in February 1444 and ended in July 1449.
Events of the Bun'an era
1444 (Bun'an 1, 4th month): Kitano Tenman-gū and much of western Kyoto was destroyed by fire.
Shakin' Stevens, sometimes called "Shaky" (born Michael Barratt, 4 March 1948) is a platinum selling Welsh rock and roll singer and songwriter.
He was the UK's biggest-selling singles artist of the 1980s.
His recording and performing career began in the late 1960s, but he was not very successful in the UK until 1980.
In the UK alone, Stevens has had at least 33 top 40 hit singles in the sales charts.
was a   after Hōtoku and before Kosho.
This period started in July 1452 and ended in July 1455.
Events of the Kyōtoku era
1454 (Kyōtoku 3): Ashikaga Shigeuji caused the killing of Uesugi Noritada; and this event is known as the Kyōtoku no Ran.
was a  after Bun'an and before Kyotoku.
This period started in July 1449 and ended in July 1452.
Events of the Hōtoku era
8 May 1449 (Hōtoku 1, 16th day of the 4th month): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa is honored with the gift of a sword from the emperor.
1451 (Hōtoku 3, 7th month ): A diplomatic mission from the Ryukyu Islands is received for the first time in Heian-kyō (Kyoto).
1451 (Hōtoku 3, 8th month ): Shogun Yoshimasa sent a letter to the Emperor of China.
was a  after Kyōtoku and before Chōroku.
This period started in July 1455 and ended in September 1457.
Events of the Kōshō era
1456 (Kōshō 2, 3rd month): Ashikaga Yoshimasa visited Iwashimizu Shrine; and all the officials of the Daijō-kan joined him at the shrine.
1456 (Kōshō 2, 8th month): The father of Emperor Go-Hanazono died at age 85.
was a  after Kōshō and before Kanshō.
This period started in September 1457 and ended in December 1460.
Events of the Chōroku era
1458 (Chōroku 2, 8th month):  The stolen Sacred Jewel was returned to the emperor.
1459 (Chōroku 3): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa provided a new mikoshi and a complete set of robes as part of repairs to the Atsuta Shrine.
was a  after Chōroku and before Bunshō.
This period started in December 1460 and ended in February 1466.
Events of the Kanshō era
1460 (Kanshō 1, 9th month): Wakae Castle in Kawachi Province was destroyed when  was forced out of it.
21 August 1464 (Kanshō 5, 19th day of the 7th month): Go-Hanazono resigned.
He abdication caused the Imperial succession to pass to his son who would be known as Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado.
was a  after Kanshō and before Ōnin.
The period started in February 1466 and ended in March 1467.
During this time, the emperor during this period was .
Events of the Bunshō era
1466 (Bunshō 1): At Nara, Kinpusen-ji's Nio Gate (niomon) was built.