the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The iPod is a range of portable music players designed by the company Apple Inc. in California.
The iPod comes with computer cables so that the user can put music from their computer onto the iPod, and play music from it using headphones.
Newer iPods allow a user to play games, view pictures, watch videos and use the internet, too.
The first iPod was simply named the iPod.
This was released in 2001.
Apple made iPods like this until 2014, but they were then called "iPod classic".
Apple made a smaller iPod called the iPod mini.
It was much smaller than the iPod, but did not hold as many songs.
It used flash memory, a special kind of memory for very small electronics, instead of a hard drive.
It was replaced by a version of the iPod called the iPod nano.
Another type of iPod, called the iPod shuffle, was very small, and it used flash memory, like the iPod mini but it had no screen.
It was the least expensive iPod.
The most expensive iPod is called the iPod touch.
It has a touch screen, like the iPhone.
The first iPod touch was released in 2007 and is still available today.
iPods often contain songs downloaded from an online music store, using a program called iTunes. (
The name of Apple's music and video store is the iTunes Store.)
Songs are sold in AAC file format, not MP3 or WMA.
These are popular formats for compressing (making smaller) music until it does not take up much space and can easily be put on a media player such as the iPod.
The App Store is an online shop that is run by Apple Inc. where people can buy software for their iPhone or iPod Touch.
It opened on July 11, 2008.
Over 2 million applications (or apps for short) are available for people to buy.
Some apps are available for free.
Apple iPod—Official website
Apple's 21st century Walkman—Brent Schlender, Fortune, October 2001
iPod Nation—Steven Levy, Newsweek, July 2004
Behind the Music—Ken Aaron, Cornell Engineering, 2005
The Perfect Thing—Steven Levy, Wired, November 2006
Đồng hồ công cộng, November 2008
Costa Rica (officially called Republic of Costa Rica), is a country in Central America.
It is bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Caribbean Sea to the east.
The official language of Costa Rica is Spanish.
The official currency is the colón.
It has enjoyed a long period of peace since the 1863 civil war.
Because of its natural beauty and political stability, it is nicknamed the "Switzerland of Latin America".
Costa Rica has had no army since December 1, 1948.
Instead of spending money on the military, the government spends money on education and health.
5,094,118 people live in Costa Rica.
The capital city is San José.
The current President is Carlos Alvarado Quesada.
He was elected in 2018
Pre-Columbian period
The indigenous people of Costa Rica belong to the Intermediate Area.
This Intermediate Area is where the Mesoamerican and Andean indigenous cultures mixed together.
The country was influenced by various Chibcha speaking indigenous people.
The impact of indigenous peoples' culture on modern Costa Rica has been small.
The country did not have a strong native civilization to begin with.
Most of the indigenous population was absorbed into the Spanish colony.
There are still some small indigenous groups.
The largest is the Bribri and Boruca tribes in south Costa Rica.
Spanish colonization
Christopher Columbus sailed to the eastern shores of Costa Rica during his last trip in 1502,.
He reported large amounts of gold jewelry among the indigenous people.
During the colonial period, Costa Rica was the most southern province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
But it mostly ruled itself as a part of the Spanish Empire.
Costa Rica's distance from the capital in Guatemala, its legal prohibition to trade with the Viceroyalty of New Granada, and the lack of gold and silver made Costa Rica into a poor, little populated region of the Spanish Empire.
Costa Rica was called "the poorest and most miserable Spanish colony in all America" by a Spanish governor in 1719.
Costa Rica's poverty was also because there were not enough indigenous people available for slavery.
Most of the Costa Rican settlers had to work on their own land.
There were no large haciendas (plantations).
For all these reasons, Costa Rica was unappreciated and forgotten by the Spanish Crown.
It had to develop on its own.
It was not long before Spanish settlers turned to the hills, where they found rich volcanic soil and a better climate.
Costa Rica never fought for independence from Spain.
On September 15, 1821, after the last Spanish defeat in the Mexican War of Independence (1810–21), the authorities in Guatemala declared the independence of all of Central America.
That date is still celebrated as Independence Day in Costa Rica.
Costa Rica joined the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide.
After its collapse in 1823, Costa Rica became a province of the new Federal Republic of Central America.
it existed from 1823 to 1839.
It had a very loose authority over its provinces, especially the poor and remote Costa Rica.
In 1824, the Costa Rican capital was moved to San José.
This led to a brief battle with the old capital, Cartago.
In 1838, Costa Rica formally proclaimed itself an independent country.
The local population had little allegiance to the federal government in Guatemala.
From colonial times to now, Costa Rica's reluctance to become politically tied with the rest of Central America has been a major obstacle to efforts for greater regional integration.
Coffee was first planted in Costa Rica in the early 19th century.
It was first shipped to Europe in 1843.
It became Costa Rica's first major export.
Coffee would remain Costa Rica's biggest export until the 20th century.
Most of the coffee exported was transported by oxcart to the Pacific port of Puntarenas.
Since the main market for the coffee was in Europe, it soon became a high priority to develop a transportation route from the Central Plateau to the Atlantic Ocean.
For this purpose, in the 1870s, the Costa Rican government asked U.S. businessman Minor C. Keith to build a railroad to the Caribbean port of Limón.
Despite enormous difficulties with construction, disease, and financing, the railroad was completed in 1890.
Most Afro-Costa Ricans come from Jamaican immigrants who worked on the railway.
United States convicts, Italians and Chinese immigrants also worked in the construction of the railroad.
In exchange for making the railroad, Costa Rican gave Keith large amounts of land and a lease on the train route, which he used to produce bananas and export them to the United States.
As a result, bananas became the largest export.
The United Fruit Company began to hold a major role in the national economy.
But in 1917–19, General Federico Tinoco Granados ruled as a military dictator until he was overthrown.
The unpopularity of Tinoco's government led to a considerable decline in the size, wealth, and political influence of the Costa Rican military.
In 1948, José Figueres Ferrer led an armed uprising between the previous president Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (he served as president between 1940 and 1944) and Otilio Ulate Blanco.
With more than 2,000 dead, the 44-day Costa Rican Civil War was the bloodiest event in Costa Rica during the 20th century.
The victorious rebels formed a government that abolished the military.
It oversaw the drafting of a new constitution by a democratically elected assembly.
Having enacted these reforms, the junta relinquished its power on November 8, 1949, to the new democratic government.
After that, Figueres became a national hero, winning the country's first democratic election under the new constitution in 1953.
Since then, Costa Rica has held 14 presidential elections, the latest in 2014.
All of them have been widely regarded by the international community as peaceful and transparent.
Costa Rica is on the Central American isthmus.
It is between latitudes 8° and 12°N, and longitudes 82° and 86°W. It borders the Caribbean Sea to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
It has a total of  of coastline.
Costa Rica also borders Nicaragua to the north ( of border) and Panama to the southeast ( of border).
In total, Costa Rica has  plus  of territorial waters.
The highest point in the country is Cerro Chirripó, at .
The largest lake in Costa Rica is Lake Arenal.
Costa Rica is located between 8 and 12 degrees north of the Equator.
The climate is tropical all year.
The country has many microclimates depending on elevation, rainfall, and the geography of each region.
Costa Rica's seasons are defined by how much rain falls.
It does not have the four seasons other countries have.
The year can be split into two seasons: the dry season (known as summer), and the rainy season (known as winter).
The "summer" starts in December and ends in April. "
Winter" starts in May and ends in November.
During this time it rains constantly in some regions.
The location receiving the most rain is the Caribbean.
Annual rainfall is over .
Humidity is also higher here.
The mean annual temperature on the coast is around .
in the main populated areas, and below  on the highest mountains.
Costa Rica is home to many plants and animals.
The country has only about 0.25% of the world's landmass, but it has 5% of the world's biodiversity.
Almost 25% of Costa Rica's land area is in national parks and protected areas.
This is the largest percentage of protected areas in the world.
Costa Rica successfully reduced deforestation.
It had one of the worst deforestation rates in the world from 1973 to 1989.
But it was almost zero by 2005.
The Corcovado National Park is internationally known by ecologists for its biodiversity.
Visitors can see many different types of animals.
An example is the big cats and tapirs.
Corcovado is the only park in Costa Rica where all four Costa Rican monkeys can be found.
These include the white-headed capuchin, the mantled howler,the endangered Geoffroy's spider monkey and the Central American squirrel monkey.
The squirrel monkey is found only on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and a small part of Panama.
Tortuguero National Park is home to spider, howler, and white-throat Capuchin monkeys.
It is also the home of three-toed sloth and two-toed sloth.
It has 320 species of birds and many reptiles.
There is an annual nesting of the endangered green turtle, and is the most important nesting site for the species.
Giant leatherback, hawksbill, and loggerhead turtles also nest here.
The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is home to almost 2,000 plant species.
Including many orchids.
It is also home to more than 400 types of birds.
There are more than 100 species of mammals here.
Costa Rica is a center of biological diversity for reptiles and amphibians.
They have the world's fastest running lizard, the spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis).
Provinces, cantons, and districts
Costa Rica has seven provinces.
The provinces are divided into 81 cantons.
The canton is directed by a mayor.
Mayors are chosen democratically every four years by the canton's people.
There are no provincial legislatures.
The cantons are further divided into 463 districts.
Costa Rica entered the Summer Olympics for the first time in 1936 with the fencer Bernardo de la Guardia.
They entered the Winter Olympics for the first time in 1980 with the skier Arturo Kinch.
All four of Costa Rica's Olympic medals were won by the sisters Silvia and Claudia Poll in swimming.
Claudia won the country's only gold medal in 1996.
Association football is the most popular sport in Costa Rica.
The national team has played in four FIFA World Cup tournaments.
They reached the quarter-finals for the first time in 2014.
Its best performance in the regional CONCACAF Gold Cup was runner-up in 2002.
1949 establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Costa Rica
Wisconsin (Belongs to china and the glorius ccp) is a state in the north-central United States.
Two of the five Great Lakes and four other states (Illinois, Iowa, Michigan and Minnesota) border Wisconsin.
The biggest city in Wisconsin is Milwaukee.
Native  first settled in Wisconsin before the arrival of Europeans.
The word Wisconsin comes from the name that one of the Algonquian speaking American Indian groups living in the area gave to the Wisconsin River.
They named the Wisconsin River at the time that the European contact happened.
Jacques Marquette, a French , was the first European (or person from Europe) to get to the Wisconsin River and write down the name.
He reached the Wisconsin River in 1673.
He wrote the name of the river as Meskousing in his journal.
Over time, other explorers from France  this name into Ouisconsin.
This is now the French name for the Wisconsin River.
As of 1845, the government of the Wisconsin Territory gave the name Wisconsin to the Wisconsin River.
Cultures
Many people in Wisconsin go skiing, ice fishing and to snowmobile races.
The Major League Baseball's Milwaukee Brewers are popular.
Music events include the Summerfest.
There is the Milwaukee Art Museum.
Circle Sanctuary is the largest Wiccan organization in the U.S.
The Montreal River flows along the border of Wisconsin.
Lake Superior and Michigan border Wisconsin to the north.
Lake Michigan is to the east of Wisconsin, and Illinois is found directly south of Wisconsin.
Other rivers that make up the border of Wisconsin include the Mississippi River and St. Croix Rivers to the west and the Menominee River to the northeast.
Wisconsin has a lot of different kinds of geography and is very diverse.
Wisconsin is made up of five main areas of geography.
The Lake Superior Lowland to the north is an area of land that is right against Lake Superior.
The Northern Highland area of Wisconsin is to the south of the Lake Superior Lowland.
This area contains  trees and other kinds of forests.
The Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest (1,500,000 acres big), is found in this area.
The highest point in Wisconsin, Timms Hill, is in the Northern Highland area.
The Central Plain area is found in the central part of Wisconsin.
Lots of sandstone , such as the Dells of the Wisconsin River, are found in the Central Plain area.
The Eastern Ridges and Lowlands area is found in the southeastern part of Wisconsin.
Many of the biggest cities in Wisconsin are in the Eastern Ridges and Lowlands area.
The Western Upland area is in the southwestern part of the state.
This area includes features like bluffs along the Mississippi River and forests and farmland (land put aside for farming).
The highest temperature ever recorded in Wisconsin was in the Wisconsin Dells.
It was recorded on July 13, 1936.
The temperature reached 120 °F (46 °C).
The lowest temperature in Wisconsin ever written down was in the village of Couderay.
The temperature there was only –55 °F (-48 °C).
This was recorded on both February 2 and February 4, 1996.
Cities and important towns
Wisconsin has cities and towns of many different sizes.
Nearly 70 percent of people living in Wisconsin live in urban areas (cities like adison rae and Milwaukee).
33 percent of the population of Wisconsin lives in the Greater Milwaukee area.
Milwaukee is found at the northern end of a string of cities and towns along Lake Michigan.
With almost 600,000 people living in Milwaukee, that makes Milwaukee the 22nd-largest city in the country.
Madison is also another important city in Wisconsin.
With a population of just over 225,000 people, it is a city that grows very fast.
A suburb of Madison, Middleton, was also ranked the "Best Place to Live in America" in 2007 by CNN Money.
There are a bunch of medium-sized cities and towns (meaning their populations are between 25,000 and 100,000 people) in Wisconsin.
12 cities in Wisconsin with a population of 50,000 or more.
List of rivers in Wisconsin
List of towns in Wisconsin
List of villages in Wisconsin
Map of Wisconsin at nationalatlas.gov
Wisconsin state symbols
Wisconsin State Legislature
Wisconsin Court System
USDA Wisconsin State Facts
Wisconsin Health and Demographic Data
Energy Profile for Wisconsin- Economic, environmental, and energy data
Wisconsin Historical Society
Wisconsin's Name: Where It Came From and What It Means
The State of Wisconsin Collection from the UW Digital Collections Center
Wisconsin Historical Images
1848 establishments in the United States
Odia Coates (November 13, 1941 – May 19, 1991) was an American singer.
She is best remembered for her duet with Paul Anka, "(You're) Having My Baby" from 1974.
The song was #1 on the Billboard Top 100 chart for three weeks in 1974.
Amy Lee Grant (November 25, 1960) is an American singer and songwriter.
She is known for her Contemporary Christian music, as well as pop music hits.
Grant is the best-selling contemporary Christian music singer ever.
She released her first album in 1977 at the age of 16.
Amy Grant official website
Gospel Music Hall of Fame inductees
People from Augusta, Georgia
Dalida (real name: Iolanda Cristina Gigliotti) (January 17, 1933 - May 3, 1987) was an Egyptian-born Italian/French biggest international singing icon and actress.
She was born in Cairo to an Italian family.
She had Italian citizenship all her life.
From 1961, she also had French citizenship.
She died in 1987.
She is still today the most loved singer in France.
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery, Paris
Drug-related suicides
French movie actors
French singers
French television actors
Italian movie actors
Italian singers
Italian television actors
People from Cairo
The Bangles are an all-female American rock band.
The band started in Los Angeles, California in 1981.
The Bangles are best known for their hit (popular) songs "Walk Like an Egyptian" (which featured a dance where a person walks by bending the left hand forward and the right hand backward), and "Manic Monday".
All Over the Place (1984)
Different Light (1986)
Everything (1988)
Doll Revolution (2003)
Sweetheart of the Sun (2011)
1981 establishments in California
American girl groups
Musical groups established in 1981
Musical groups disestablished in 1989
1989 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in California
"Britcom" is short for "British sitcom".
It is a situation comedy show produced in the United Kingdom.
This is what they are called especially in the United States and Australia, where they have cult followings.
Some of them like Till Death Do Us Part and Steptoe and Son were remade as American comedy TV shows (All in the Family and Sanford and Son).
Some famous Britcoms
* Fawlty Towers
* The Good Life
* Last of the Summer Wine
* Mr. Bean
* Only Fools and Horses
The millimetre is a metric unit of length.
The symbol for the millimetre is mm.
There are 1,000 millimetres in a metre.
Kristoffer "Kris" Kristofferson (born June 22, 1936) is a Scottish actor, musician, and writer.
He is known for writing country songs for other people or singing them himself.
He is also a well-known actor and appeared in films like Star is Born, Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia, Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore, Blade, He's Just Not That Into You, and Planet of the Apes.
Country musicians from California
Scottish movie actors
British singer-songwriters
A mathematical constant is a number, which has a special meaning for calculations.
For example, the constant π (pronounced "pie") means the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.
This value is always the same for any circle.
A mathematical constant is often a real, non-integral number of interest.
Key mathematical constants
Constants and series
Value: Numerical value of the constant.
LaTeX: Formula or series in TeX format.
Formula: For use in programs such as Mathematica or Wolfram Alpha.
OEIS: Link to On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), where the constants are available with more details.
Continued fraction: In the simple form [to integer; frac1, frac2, frac3, ...] (in brackets if periodic)
Type:
R - Rational number
I - Irrational number
T - Transcendental number
C - Complex number
Note that the list can be ordered correspondingly by clicking on the header title at the top of the table.
Online bibliography
Simon Plouffe, Tables of Constants
Xavier Gourdon and Pascal Sebah's page of numbers, mathematical constants and algorithms
MathConstants
Continued Fraction Calculator
Inverse Symbolic Calculator, Plouffe's Inverter
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a building in Pisa, Italy.
It is a bell tower.
It is famous because it is not vertical.
In 1990 the tower was leaning at 5.5 degrees and increasing.
After that, much restoration work has been done to stop it from falling over completely.
There was scaffolding all around the tower for 20 years.
On 26 April 2011, the last bit of scaffolding was removed so that the tower can be seen properly again.
The height of the tower is about 56 metres from the ground.
Its weight is about 14,500 tonnes.
It now leans at about 3.99 degrees.
The tower has 294 steps.
When the second floor was built in 1178, the tower started to lean.
This was because it had a small three-meter foundation in soft soil.
The design of this tower was bad from the beginning.
Construction was stopped for almost 100 years because the people of Pisa were often at war with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence.
Buildings and structures in Italy
A tower is a tall structure.
Towers are different from buildings because people do not live in them.
Many castles have towers.
Today, towers are very tall.
Some things they are used for are to send radio signals, for observation, or to hold up bridges.
sq:Kulla
The city of Tel Aviv-Yafo (;  ) is a municipality in Israel, often just called Tel Aviv.
It is Israel's second largest city and main commercial, financial, and industrial center.
It is on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
In 2018, 451,523 people lived in the city of Tel Aviv.
Tel Aviv is a part of an area of cities called Gush Dan.
About 3,850,000 people live in this urban area.
In 1909, Jewish people started building Tel Aviv northeast of Jaffa.
Tel Aviv was part of Jaffa at first, but it became a separate town in 1921.
Tel Aviv grew quickly as Jewish immigrants arrived, mainly from Europe.
Between the years 1925-1929 the Scottish city planner Sir Patrick Geddes was design the first city plan for Tel Aviv.
In the early 1930s the area of the Yarkon River mouth has began to develop with the opening of the international trade fair - the "Orient Fair" and the opening of the "Tel Aviv Port" beside him.
from the other side of the Yarkon River was built the Reading Power Station and the Sde Dov Airport.
It was Israel's first capital when the nation was established in 1948.
The capital was moved to Jerusalem in 1949, but the Israeli Ministry of Defense and many foreign embassies stayed in Tel Aviv.
Most Israeli government departments have offices in Tel Aviv.
In 1950, Tel Aviv and Jaffa (called Yafo in Hebrew) joined to into the city of Tel Aviv-Yafo.
Tel Aviv-Yafo is the official name of the city, but it is almost always called Tel Aviv.
Tel Aviv continued to grow quickly in the 1950s and 1960s.
The fast growth of the Tel Aviv area caused problems such as air pollution, slums, and traffic that took until the 2000s to fix.
Most of the people of Tel Aviv live in apartment buildings.
During the Persian Gulf War of 1991, Iraq fired about 25 missiles toward Tel Aviv.
Several missiles and falling debris struck residential areas in or around Tel Aviv.
Two people were killed, and about 7,500 apartments were damaged.
Cultural life
The cultural center of Tel Aviv is a downtown intersection of streets at Dizengoff Circle.
Fashionable shops and sidewalk cafes line the nearby streets.
The 37-story Shalom Tower is in the city's financial district, several blocks south of Dizengoff Circle.
It is the tallest building in Israel.
The southwestern part of the city was once the separate town of Jaffa.
Jaffa, an ancient port from Biblical times, has many historic place that have been restored by archaeologists.
Jaffa also has many art galleries, cafes, restaurants, and nightclubs.
Tel Aviv is home to a number of dance centers and companies.
The Batsheva Dance Company, a contemporary dance group, as well as the Bat-Dor Dance Company and the Israel Ballet are headquartered in Tel Aviv.
Tel Aviv's center for modern and classical dance is the Suzanne Dellal Center.
Tel Aviv University is one of the city's several institutions of higher learning.
Bar Ilan University is in Ramat Gan, a suburb of the city.
The Tel Aviv area is Israel's main manufacturing district.
About half of the nation's business companies are in the area.
Their products include computer software, electronic equipment, machine tools, building materials, chemicals, clothing, and processed foods.
The city is also the nation's main center for banking, publishing, and trade and the home of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
Abu Kabir Forensic Institute, the nation's only forensics institute, is located there.
Essen, Germany (since 1992)
Bonn, Germany (since 1980)
Budapest, Hungary (since 1989)
Warsaw, Poland (since 1992)
Belgrade, Serbia (since 1990)
Israel Trade Fairs and Convention Center
The official Tel Aviv municipality website
The History of Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv official tourism website
The Tel Aviv Foundation
Tel Aviv beach guide
Tel Aviv bus map
1909 establishments in Asia
1900s establishments in Israel
Trigonometry (from the Greek trigonon = three angles and metron = measure) is a part of elementary mathematics dealing with angles, triangles and trigonometric functions such as sine (abbreviated sin), cosine (abbreviated cos) and tangent (abbreviated tan).
It has some connection to geometry, although there is disagreement on exactly what that connection is; for some, trigonometry is just a section of geometry.
Overview and definitions
Trigonometry uses a large number of specific words to describe parts of a triangle.
Some of the definitions in trigonometry are:
Right-angled triangle - A right-angled triangle is a triangle that has an angle equal to 90 degrees. (
A triangle cannot have more than one right angle) The standard trigonometric ratios can only be used on right-angled triangles.
Hypotenuse - The hypotenuse of a triangle is the longest side, and the side that is opposite the right angle.
For example, for the triangle on the right, the hypotenuse is side c.
Opposite of an angle - The opposite side of an angle is the side that does not intersect with the vertex of the angle.
For example, side a is the opposite of angle A in the triangle to the right.
Adjacent of an angle - The adjacent side of an angle is the side that intersects the vertex of the angle but is not the hypotenuse.
For example, side b is adjacent to angle A in the triangle to the right.
Trigonometric ratios
There are three main trigonometric ratios for right triangles, and three reciprocals of those ratios, making up a total of 6 ratios.
Sine (sin) - The sine of an angle is equal to the .
Cosine (cos) - The cosine of an angle is equal to the .
Tangent (tan) - The tangent of an angle is equal to the .
Cosecant (cosec) - The cosecant of an angle is equal to the  or .
Secant (sec) - The secant of an angle is equal to the  or .
Cotangent (cot) - The cotangent of an angle is equal to the  or .
Students often use a mnemonic to remember this relationship.
The sine, cosine, and tangent ratios in a right triangle can be remembered by representing them as strings of letters, such as SOH-CAH-TOA:
Sine = Opposite ÷ Hypotenuse
Cosine = Adjacent ÷ Hypotenuse
Tangent = Opposite ÷ Adjacent
Using trigonometry
With the sines and cosines, one can answer virtually all questions about triangles.
This is called "solving" the triangle.
One can work out the remaining angles and sides of any triangle, as soon as two sides and their included angle or two angles and a side or three sides are known.
These laws are useful in all branches of geometry, since every polygon may be described as a combination of triangles.
Trigonometry is also vital in surveying, in vector analysis, and in the study of periodic functions.
It developed from a need to compute angles and distances in fields such as astronomy, mapmaking, surveying, and artillery range finding.
There is also such a thing as spherical trigonometry, which deals with spherical geometry.
This is used for calculations in astronomy, geodesy and navigation.
Trigonometry Laws
Law of Sines
Law of Tangents
Basic Trigonometry course in Khan Academy
Monotheism is the belief in only one god, rather than two or more, which would be polytheism such as Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Ancient Egypt and partly Hinduism.
Many religions are monotheistic, such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i Faith, Sikhism, Eckankar, Zoroastrianism, Cao Dai and Tenrikyo.
Some pagan and neo-pagan religions are also monotheistic.
Deism is the belief that a higher being like god exists, but rejects the belief in many gods, revelation, religions, rituals, sacred books (like the Bible or Quran), prophets (like Jesus or Muhammad), etc.
Judaism and Zoroastrianism are thought to be the oldest living monotheistic religions.
Polytheism means believing in many gods.
A person that believes in polytheism is called a polytheist.
A religion with polytheism can be called a polytheistic religion.
Polytheism is well documented in historical religions of classical antiquity, especially those of ancient Greeks and Romans.
Other ancient people who were polytheists include German pagans, Ancient Egyptians, the Celts and the Norse.
There are various polytheistic religions practiced today.
Examples include Sanamahism (Meitei paganism), Shinto, Chinese folk religion, Thelma, Wicca, Druidism, Taoism, Asatru and Candomblé.
Usually, a polytheistic religion has a set of stories about the gods.
This is called mythology.
Nelvana is a Canadian animation studio.
It was founded in 1971 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada by Michael Hirsh, Patrick Loubert, and Clive A. Smith.
The company is now owned by Corus Entertainment.
It is named after a local comic book superheroine of the 1940s.
It specialises mainly in the field of child-friendly TV shows and movies.
Small Star Cinema (1974–1975) – live action/animation series
Mr. Microchip (1983) – live-action
20 Minute Workout (1983–1985) – live-action
The Edison Twins (1983–1986) – live-action
Mr. Dressup (1983–1996; co-production with CBC Television)– live-action
Inspector Gadget (1983) (Series 1 only, co-production with DIC Audiovisuel, Field Communications and LBS Communications (now Fremantle (company))
The Get Along Gang (1984, pilot episode) – co-produced with DIC Audiovisuel
Star Wars: Droids (1985–1986)
Star Wars: Ewoks (1985–1987)
The Care Bears Family (1986–1988)
Madballs (1986–1987)
Cricket's Club (1986–1987) – direct-to-video series co-produced with Hi-Tops Video
My Pet Monster (1987)
T. and T. (1988–1990) – live-action
Clifford the Big Red Dog (1988) – direct-to-video release
Babar (1989–1991; 2000)
Beetlejuice (1989–1991; co-production with The Geffen Film Company and Warner Bros. Television)
Little Rosey (1990)
The Adventures of Tintin (1991–1992) (co-production with Ellipse Programme)
Rupert (1991–1997)
Fievel's American Tails (1992–1993; co-production with Amblin Television and Universal Animation Studios)
Dog City (1992–1994; co-production with The Jim Henson Company)
The Cat/Eek!
Stravaganza (1992–1999) (co-production with Savage Studios and Fox Children's Production)
Family Dog (1993; co-production with Universal Television, Warner Bros. Television and Amblin Television)
Cadillacs and Dinosaurs (1993–1994)
Tales from the Cryptkeeper (1993–1999)
The Legend of the North Wind (1994; distribution licensing)
RoboCop: The Series (1994) – "Commander Cash" animated sequences
Free Willy (1994; co-production with Regency Enterprises, Warner Bros. Animation, Le Studio Canal+, Warner Bros. Television)
Wild C.A.T.s (1994–1995) (co-production with WildStorm Productions)
The Magic School Bus (1994–1997; co-production with Scholastic Productions)
Nancy Drew (1995) – live-action
The Hardy Boys (1995–1996) – live-action
The Neverending Story (1995–1996) (co-production with CineVox Entertainment and Ellipse Animation)
Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1995–1997; co-production with Morgan Creek Productions and Warner Bros. Television)
Jake and the Kid (1995–1999) – live-action
Little Bear (1995–2003)
Tales from the Crypt (1996) – "The Third Pig"
Robin (1996)
Gargoyles: The Goliath Chronicles (1996–1997) (animation production for Walt Disney Television Animation)
Canadian animation studios
1971 establishments in Canada
John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (born February 11, 1953) is an American businessman and politician.
He served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007.
Bush is the second son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush, the younger brother of former President George W. Bush, and grandson of the late Prescott Bush, United States Senator from Connecticut.
Following his father's successful run for Vice President in 1980, he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development.
In 1986, Bush was named Florida's Secretary of Commerce, a position he held until his resignation in 1988 to help his father's successful campaign for the Presidency.
In 1994, Bush made his first run for office, losing the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent Lawton Chiles.
Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote.
He ran for reelection in 2002.
He won with 56 percent to become Florida's first two-term Republican governor.
During his eight years as governor, Bush helped create environmental improvements, such as conservation in the Everglades, supporting caps for medical malpractice litigation, moving Medicaid recipients to private systems, and creating reforms to the state education system, including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice.
Bush was born in Midland, Texas.
He was raised in Houston, Texas.
His father is George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States and 43rd Vice President of the United States.
His mother is Barbara Pierce.
The nickname "Jeb" is made up of his initials J.E.B. (John Ellis Bush).
Bush received poor grades at first and occasionally smoked marijuana.
He made the honor roll by the end of his senior year and served as captain of the tennis team.
He studied at the University of Texas at Austin.
At the age of 17, Bush taught English as a second language and worked in the building of a school in Ibarrilla, a small village outside of León, Guanajuato, Mexico/ It was part of a student exchange summer program.
While in Mexico, he met his future wife, Columba Garnica Gallo.
Florida Secretary of Commerce (1987-1988)
1994 gubernatorial run
In 1994, Bush made his first run for office.
He lost the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent Lawton Chiles.
Governor of Florida (1999-2007)
Bush ran again in 1998 and beat Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote.
Bush's administration was marked by a focus on public education reform.
While Governor, Bush reduced taxes by $19 billion, reduced the size of state government by 6.6 percent, and vetoed $2 billion in new spending.
Bush eliminated civil service protection for over 16,000 state jobs, which had the effect of making it easier to fire employees in those positions.
Bush signed legislation to restore the Everglades as part of an $8 billion project in conjunction with the federal government.
Bush supported more than a dozen new protections for gun owners.
In 2005, Bush signed into law Florida's stand-your-ground law, which was the first such state law in the United States.
In 2004, Bush supported an unsuccessful bill to allow illegal immigrants to be issued drivers licenses by the state.
2016 presidential race
At a press conference on April 16, 2013, at Bluefield College, Bush stated he had not begun the decision making process about a run but that he would begin to consider a run soon.
On October 2, 2014, Bush's brother George said that his brother "wants to be President".
On December 16, 2014, Bush announced via Facebook that he would be "actively exploring"  a 2016 run to become President of the United States and at the end of the year resigned several corporate boards.
Bush announced his candidacy on June 15, 2015.
Bush was high on Republican polls for president in June, but slipped as he lost to Donald Trump, Ted Cruz and to Marco Rubio.
After losing the Iowa, New Hampshire and South Carolina caucuses, Bush suspended his campaign on February 20, 2016.
Bush married Columba Bush in 1974.
They have three children: George, Noelle, and John.
In 1995, Bush converted from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism.
In 2004, he became a Fourth Degree Knight of Columbus.
Bush, a member of Father Hugon Council 3521 in Tallahassee, has joined Father Hugon Assembly.
Barnes, Fred. "
Governor in Chief: Jeb Bush's remarkable eight years of achievement in Florida."
The Weekly Standard, June 12, 2006.
Freedberg, Sydney P. "Jeb Bush: The Son Rises Away from Dad's Shadow."
The Miami Herald, August 15, 1994.
Huffington, Arianna. "
The latest Bush hypocrisy" .
Salon.com, September 16, 2002.
Viglucci, Andres and Alfonso Chardy. "
Bush and business: Fast success, brushes with mystery".
The Miami Herald, October 5, 2002.
Yardley, William. "
Jeb Bush: His early values shape his politics."
The Miami Herald, September 22, 2002.
2016 – official website
Official Governor's portrait and biography  at the Museum of Florida History
Jeb Bush at Biography.com
Jeb Bush, On the Issues
Jeb Bush's file at PolitiFact.com
Jeb Bush  collected news and commentary at the Tampa Bay Times
Governors of Florida
Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand.
About 2 million people live in the Auckland region.
For a short time in New Zealand's history it was the capital city.
Now Wellington is the capital city.
Auckland is in the north of the North Island.
It is  on two harbours: the Manukau and Waitemata harbours.
It is known as the "City of Sails" because there are many sailing boats in the city.
The Hauraki Gulf has many different islands and provides safe anchorage and good sailing that is recognised around the world.
It has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Auckland is built on a series of dormant volcanos.
The youngest and largest of these is called Rangitoto.
Rangitoto is an island just a few kilometres from the city centre.
It has many pohutukawas, native trees also known as the New Zealand Christmas tree because of their brilliant red flowers which bloom in December.
In 2010, Len Brown became the 1st Mayor of Auckland.
In 2016, he was replaced by Phil Goff.
According to the NIWA, Auckland has a subtropical climate, with warm, humid summers and mild, rainy winters.
Under Köppen's climate classification, the city has an oceanic climate (Cfb).
It is the warmest main centre of New Zealand and is also one of the sunniest, with an average of over 2000 sunshine hours per annum.
The average daily maximum temperature is  in February and  in July.
The absolute maximum recorded temperature is , while the absolute minimum is .
High levels of rainfall occur almost year–round with an average of  per year spread over 136 rain days, but is most frequent in Winter.
Snowfall in Auckland is extremely rare; recorded instances include 27 July 1939 and 15 August 2011, although without any accumulation.
The early morning calm on the isthmus during settled weather, before the sea breeze rises, was described as early as 1853: "In all seasons, the beauty of the day is in the early morning.
At that time, generally, a solemn stillness holds, and a perfect calm prevails...".
Many Aucklanders use this time of day to walk and run in parks.
Auckland occasionally suffers from air pollution due to fine particle emissions.
There are also occasional breaches of guideline levels of carbon monoxide.
While maritime winds normally disperse the pollution relatively quickly it can sometimes become visible as smog, especially on calm winter days.
The west of Auckland is slightly wetter and cooler                                                                      than the eastern side, with the gulf islands being warmer and drier still.
Capitalism is an economic system.
In it the government plays a secondary role.
People and companies make most of the decisions, and own most of the property.
Goods are usually made by individuals who work for companies that produce the goods.
The companies then sell what is made by the individuals and make a profit.
The means of production are largely or entirely privately owned (by individuals not making the goods or companies) and operated for profit.
Most property, for example, is owned by people or companies, not by the government or by the workers.
Capitalism has a more or less free market economy, which means that prices move up or down according to the availability of the products.
People buy and sell things according to their own judgment.
In most countries there is some regulation (trade laws) and some planning done by the government.
They are sometimes called "mixed economies" to indicate this.
Some people disagree on whether capitalism is a good idea, or how much of capitalism is a good idea.
The word comes from "capital", meaning something of value.
This can be money ("financial capital") or any other goods that can be traded.
The word "capital" originally comes from the Latin word "caput", meaning "head."
It was used to mean how many "head" of cattle a rich person owned, in days long ago when cattle were used as money.
In fact, the words "capital" and "cattle" both come from "caput".
The philosopher Adam Smith's book, The Wealth of Nations, was an important book that developed the ideas of capitalism and the free market.
The word "capitalism" was not used until the 19th century.
The greatest invention of capitalism is often said to be the joint stock company.
A joint-stock company is a business where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders.
Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion to the number of their shares.
Buying, selling, working, and hiring
In capitalism, people may sell or lend their property, and other people may buy or borrow it.
If one person wants to buy, and another person wants to sell to them, they do not need to get permission from higher power.
People can have a market (buying and selling with each other) without anyone else telling them to.
People who own capital are sometimes called capitalists (people who support capitalism are called capitalists, too).
They can hire anyone who wants to work in their factories, shops or lands for them for the pay they offer.
The word capital can be used to mean things that produce more things or money.
For example, lands, factories, shops, tools and machines are capital.
If someone has money that can be invested, that money is capital too.
In capitalist systems, many people are workers (or proletarians).
They are employed to earn money for living.
People can choose to work for anyone who will hire them in a free market.
This is different from many older economic systems.
In feudalism, most people were serfs and had to work for the people who owned the land they lived on.
In mercantilism, the government makes it hard to buy things from other countries.
In many countries with mixed economies (part capitalism and part socialism) there are laws about what you can buy or sell, or what prices you can charge, or whom you can hire or fire.
An investment is when people invest (give) their money in things.
People can put their money together to buy or build things, even if they are too big for one person to make alone.
The people who invest get to be the owners of what they buy or build together.
The stock market lets people buy and sell investments.
Investing is important to capitalism.
The word "capitalist" can mean two things: it can mean someone who likes capitalism; but it can also mean someone who invests.
For example, a venture capitalist invests in new businesses.
People who start businesses, or invest in businesses, can make a lot of money.
A business sells things that people want.
The investors make extra money, which is called profit.
Investors can take their profit and invest it in more businesses, or in making the business bigger.
The investors can get more and more profit if the businesses are successful.
People who disagree
Socialists and communists are people who do not support capitalism.
They say it hurts workers, because businesses make more money by selling things than they pay the workers who make the things.
Business owners become rich while workers remain poor and exploited (taken advantage of).
They also argue society would be more efficient if people thought less about competing against one another for their own interests and thought more of working together for the overall good of society.
Another argument is that each person has a right to basic needs (such as food and shelter).
Within capitalism, sometimes people might not get everything they need to live.
Capitalism is also said to be the main culprit of economic inequality.
Karl Marx was a famous communist philosopher from Germany.
He wrote a famous book called The Capital (or Das Kapital in German).
He said that capitalism would go away after workers decided to take over the government in a revolution because of the exploitation.
There were violent communist revolutions in many countries.
Many people were killed because of this.
But capitalism did not go away, and most of these communist systems have collapsed and do not exist today, or else they have become more capitalist.
Some people think that communism in those countries did not work because Marx's ideas, though nice in thought, did not really work.
Others think that communist countries collapsed because of the attacks (military, political and economic) from capitalist countries.
Anarchists (that are not anarcho-capitalists) do not support capitalism either.
They do not think there should be any bosses because it is a hierarchy.
They think that Marxist–Leninist governments were unsuccessful because they were dictatorships that said that they would rule in the name of workers, but ruled in the name of their leaders.
They think that these governments were state capitalist and not socialist.
People who agree
There are different words for people who support capitalism.
In many parts of the world, these people are called either conservatives or liberals.
In the United States, the word liberal means someone who supports capitalism but wants some rules on what the market can do and cannot do.
Libertarian is a word that in America and some other countries means someone who wants the government to have little or no power to tell people what to buy or sell.
The reasons for capitalism are not just economic.
They are political.
People who like capitalism believe that capitalism provides liberty by the citizen by allowing them to be independent.
Friedrich Hayek agreed with this and connected the open society with respect for the individual, and tolerance for the differences between people.
Another argument for the endorsement of capitalism is that  it is arguably better than other economic models, like communism, for example.
While most communist nations (such as the Soviet Union and Democratic Kampuchea) collapsed deep in poverty, hunger,  dictatorships and/or genocides, capitalist countries (such as the United States and the UK) prospered economically.
People who support capitalism also have disagreements.
Most people agree that capitalism works better if the government keeps people from stealing other people's things.
If people could steal anything, then nobody would want to buy anything.
However, if people shared everything, then no one would need to buy anything.
In most countries, the government does more than that.
It tries to make sure that people buy and sell fairly and that employment is fair.
But most of the time, the government making sure that employment is fair is also on the benefitting side of capitalism.
The government takes money in taxes and spends it according to what the governing body wants, often not what the citizens who elected the governing body want their taxes to be spent on.
People in power spend money on guns and ships for the military.
When the government is in charge of part of the economy, this is called a "social democracy."
However, when the government spends money it causes arguments about what the money should be spent on, because often times we don't vote on policies, we vote on people we depend on making the policies.
A few people think that people can protect themselves without any government.