the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He was also author or co-author of several books on bridge, and licensed his name to a bridge video game.
An MS-DOS version and Amiga version was released in 1992 as Omar Sharif on Bridge.
It is still sold in Windows and "mobile platform" versions.
In May 2015, it was reported that Sharif had Alzheimer's disease.
His son, Tarek El-Sharif, said that his father was getting confused.
He was forgetting facts about some of the biggest movies of his career.
On July 12, 2015, Sharif's funeral was held at the Grand Mosque of Mushir Tantawi in eastern Cairo.
The funeral was attended by a group of Sharif's relatives, friends and Egyptian actors.
His casket was draped in the Egyptian flag and a black shroud.
He is burued in El-Sayeda Nafisa cemetery in southern Cairo.
Contract bridge players
Egyptian movie actors
Egyptian sportspeople
Egyptian television actors
Toshirō Mifune (Japanese: 三船 敏郎 Mifune Toshirō – IPA: [miɸɯne toɕiɺoː]) (1 April 1920 – 24 December 1997) was a Japanese actor.
He had roles in almost 170 movies.
Toshirō Mifune - Tribute Site
Toshirō Mifune: Biographical details and selected filmography  at the British Film Institute
http://www.mifuneproductions.co.jp/mifune.html  - Official Toshirō Mifune Website
Toshirō Mifune at the Japanese Movie Database
Andrés Arturo García Menéndez (born April 12, 1956), professionally known as Andy Garcia, is an Cuban American actor and director born in Cuba.
He became famous in the 1990s, when he acted in many successful Hollywood movies, including The Godfather: Part III, When a Man Loves a Woman, Ocean's Eleven, and Ocean's Thirteen.
He was nominated for several awards for his work, including the Oscar.
Watch: Andy Garcia interviewed at the 2006 Miami Film Festival on independentfilm.com
Andy Garcia interview for Smokin’ Aces
Cuban actors
Rodrigo Junqueira dos Reis Santoro (born August 22, 1975) is a Brazilian Actor.
He started his career acting in different soap operas in his country.
In the last few years, he has become known after his roles in the movies Love Actually and 300.
Santoro was born in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
He is half of Italian descent.
Brasília Film Festival
2000 – Best Actor for Bicho de Sete Cabeças (Won)
Recife Film Festival
2001 – Best Actor for Bicho de Sete Cabeças (Won)
Brazil Quality Award
Santo Domingo Film Festival
SESC Best Film Festival
Cinema Brazilian Grand Prix
2002 – Best Actor for Bicho de Sete Cabeças (Won)
APCA Trophy
2002 –  Best Actor for Bicho de Sete Cabeças (Won)
Cero Latitud Film Festival
2003 – Best Actor for Bicho de Sete Cabeças (Won)
2003 – Best Actor for Carandiru (Nominated)
2004 – Chopard Trophy of Male Revelation (Won)
2007 – Best Villain for 300 (Nominated)
2011 – Best Actor for Meu País (Won)
Havana Film Festival
2011 – Best Actor for Heleno (Won)
Sir Michael Caine CBE ; (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr., 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer, and author.
Known for his distinctive cockney accent, Caine has appeared in over 115 movies, and is regarded as a British movie icon.
His early role in Alfie (1966) earned him an Academy Award nomination.
He also starred in The Italian Job (1969) and Battle of Britain (1969).
His roles in the 1970s included Get Carter (1971), The Last Valley (1971), Sleuth (1972), for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination, The Man Who Would Be King (1975) and A Bridge Too Far (1977).
In 1986, he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Woody Allen's Hannah and Her Sisters.
Caine played Ebenezer Scrooge in The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992).
In 1999, he won a second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Cider House Rules.
Caine played Nigel Powers, Austin Powers' father in the 2002 parody Austin Powers in Goldmember, and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy.
He appeared in several other of Nolan's movies, including The Prestige (2006), Inception (2010) and Interstellar (2014).
He also appeared in Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men and Matthew Vaughn's action comedy movie Kingsman: The Secret Service.
The Official Michael Caine website
Michael Caine's Norfolk childhood
PLAY DIRTY/Caine Special on Location in Spain
Carfax Theatre  Horsham Scene of Sir Michael's first professional acting role
Begging means asking people for money, food, shelter or other things, when one is not able to give anything instead.
It is also referred to as sponging, spanging (short for "spare-changing") or (in American English) panhandling.
In larger cities, it is common to see beggars who ask for money, food, or other items.
Typically, beggars often beg for spare change using coffee cups, mugs, small boxes, hats, or other items into which monies can be placed and sometimes display signs with messages such as "Help me.
I'm homeless."
Use of funds obtained by begging
A 2002 study of 54 panhandlers in Toronto reported that of a median monthly income of $638 CAD, those interviewed spent a median of $200 CAD on food and $192 CAD on alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs.
The Fraser Institute, however, criticized this study.
They said there were many forms of begging including ones in which good money can be earned.
They also said that panhandlers' reports were not reliable
Because of this, some people say that it would be better to give the beggars gift cards or food/service vouchers, instead of money.
Some shelters also offer business cards with information on the shelter's location and services, which can be given instead of cash.
Aggressive panhandling
Aggressive panhandling means to ask for donations or help in a threatening manner.
This is not mugging, but rather similar and therefore often forbidden by law.
Asking customers inside a store or restaurant.
Extending a hand, or even the head and both arms, into a car window
Asking after dark, in a secluded area.
There have been reports of beggars who will try to have their limbs amputated in the hope that they can get more out of sympathy.
Well known beggars
Bampfylde Moore Carew self-styled King of the Beggars
Nicholas Jennings in Thomas Harman's "Caveat for Common Cursitors"
Ryan Larkin
Eugene Kim (one of the homeless who hopes to pay his way through college by these means)
Further material
Born Losers: A History of Failure in America, by Scott A. Sandage (Harvard University Press, 2005).
Benicio Monserrate Rafael del Toro Sánchez (born February 19, 1967) is a Puerto Rican actor and film producer.
He grew up in Santurce, but spent his adolescence and high school years in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, USA.
He has won several awards in his career, including an Academy Award.
Benicio Del Toro Zone - Official Site
This Is My Life: Benicio Del Toro - Miami Herald (October 10, 1997)
All About Benicio - Biography
Benicio Del Toro - Photo Gallery
Benicio Del Toro - Video: Declaration of Independence Performance
Benicio del Toro Heaven: THE Place for Benoholics© - Message Board
The World of Benicio del Toro
Geoffrey Roy Rush (born 6 July 1951) is an Australian actor who has won the Academy and Emmy awards, as well as several others.
He was the first Australian actor to win an Academy Award for acting.
Rush was born on 6 July 1951 in Toowoomba, Queensland.
He studied at Everton Park State High School and at University of Queensland.
Rush was raised in Brisbane.
In 1975, Rush went to Paris for two years and studied mime, movement and theatre at the L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq, before returning to continue his stage career with QTC.
In 1979, he shared an apartment with actor Mel Gibson for four months while they co-starred in a stage production of Waiting for Godot.
Rush is known for his roles in Shine, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Shakespeare in Love, Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, Quills, Finding Nemo, Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, and in The King's Speech.
Since 1988, Rush has been married to actress Jane Menelaus, with whom he has a daughter, Angelica (born 1992), and a son, James (born 1995).
Geoffrey Rush lives at Camberwell station, Camberwell, Victoria.
Geoffrey Rush – Stage acting credits
Professional photographs of Geoffrey Rush – National Library of Australia
Actors from Queensland
Joaquín Rafael Phoenix () (born October 28, 1973), originally called Leaf Phoenix, is an American actor.
He is from a family of actors, like his brother, the late actor River Phoenix.
He has been nominated four times for the Academy Award, winning once in 2020.
He also won the Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, BAFTA and Grammy Awards.
Phoenix is popular for his roles as Commodus in Gladiator, as Johnny Cash in Walk the Line and as the main character in Joker.
He is also known for portraying firefighter Jack Morrison in Ladder 49.
He has recently begun directing music videos, as well as producing movies and television shows.
He also sang and recorded an album, the soundtrack Walk The Line, which won a Grammy Award.
He has been a social activist for a long time, especially for animal rights.
Joaquin Phoenix interview for Walk the Line
William Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor.
He won an Academy Award in 1985 for his work in the movie film Kiss of the Spider Woman.
Adrien Brody (born April 14, 1973) is an American actor.
He starred in Roman Polanski's The Pianist (2002).
The role won him an Academy Award for Best Actor, the youngest actor ever to win the award.
His mother, Sylvia Plachy (born 1943) is a Hungarian photographer.
His father is of Polish descent.
Adrien Brody website
Adrien Brody fansite
Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg (born June 5, 1971) is an American actor and television and movie producer.
His father was of Swedish and Irish descent, and his mother is of Irish, Scottish, English, and French-Canadian ancestry.
He has been nominated for an Academy Award.
He was also known as "Marky Mark" at the beginning of his career, when he had become famous as a rap musician with the band Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch after a brief time as a member of New Kids on the Block.
Wahlberg was convicted of assault when he was 16, for which he was imprisoned.
Mark Wahlberg Message Board
Mark Robert Wahlberg British fan site
Mark Wahlberg Interview at Moviehole.net
Mark Wahlberg Interview on "Fresh Air"
Mark Wahlberg on The Hour
Mark Wahlberg Youth Foundation
Rap musicians from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Boston, Massachusetts
Wesley Trent Snipes (born July 31, 1962) is an American actor, martial artist and movie producer.
He is best known for his role as the vampire hunter in the Blade trilogy movies.
Snipes was born in Orlando, Florida and spent most of his childhood in The Bronx, New York City.
He moved back to Orlando when he was a teenager.
Actors from Orlando, Florida
Jak 3 is a video game for Sony's PlayStation 2 made by Naughty Dog.
It is the third game in the Jak and Daxter series.
Jak, Daxter, and Pecker are thrown into the desert by their own people one year after the previous game, Jak II, ended.
They are found by Damas, Kleiver, and another wastelander.
Jak is tested in an arena, and wins a fight, proving him worthy to not be killed.
He and Daxter then explore, meeting Seem, a monk and Errol along the way.
This starts a "friendship" with the some well-known citizens of Spargus, and Jak and Daxter soon become used to the city of Spargus, completing missions and looking around the desert for artifacts, or out of mere curiosity.
Further throughout the game, Ashelin (a key character in Jak 2), asks Jak to come back to Haven City.
Jak refuses, telling her "they could rot for all I care", still angry for them throwing him and Daxter out of Haven City for the wrong reason.
Later on, he decides to go back, and meets everybody once again.
He gains new light powers that give him the ability to fly, make a shield around him, slow time, and heal himself.
With his newfound powers he saves Haven City and Spargus City from attacks multiple times.
In the end, Jak finds out that Damas was his father, and Veger took him away from him.
Jak chases Veger towards the catacombs, and meets the Precursors themselves.
It is also found out that Daxter is a Precursor too.
Jak and Daxter is sent to Errol to stop him.
When he is defeated, Jak, Daxter, and all the others gather together in the arena, while the Precursors make their speech.
Jak: He is the main character of the game series.
He is accompanied with Daxter.
Daxter: Jak's sidekick.
He sits on Jak's shoulder while they go on adventures.
He is hyperactive and "immature", which brings laughter into the game.
He is playable in this game.
Ashelin: She was once part of the Krimzon Guard, but then turned to the other side after she realized what her father was up to.
She is now head leader of Haven City, having begun a new force, (replacing the Krimzon Guard from Jak 2), called the Freedom League.
Samos: He is also the controller of Green eco.
He is Jak and Daxter's "mentor".
In Jak 2, he was The Shadow, leader of The Underground, which was a movement against Baron Praxis.
Keira: She helps with Jak's missions, and also is his love interest, Jak is also her love interest.
Pecker: Pecker is a talking bird that often joins Jak and Daxter on their missions, and was thrown out along with Jak and Daxter into the desert.
He is mostly with Onin, his human "mother", but during most of the game he took the role as Damas's advisor instead.
He and Daxter have a lot of scuffles and arguments, though that can be presumed as their way of friendliness.
Torn: He was part of the Underground.
He and Ashelin usually work together.
He befriended Jak the hard way in Jak 2, but he still is not friends with Daxter.
He helps out Ashelin in Freedom League business.
Damas: Jak's father.
He was the king of Spargus City, and before that, the leader of Haven City.
He dies after his own car is flipped onto his body.
Naughty Dog games
Jak and Daxter series
Edward Harrison Norton (born August 18, 1969) is an American movie actor and director.
He was nominated for three Academy Awards.
He won the Golden Globe in 1997 for Primal Fear.
The Cardinals or Cardinalidae are a family of  passerine birds that live in North and South America.
Stiles and Skutch,  A guide to the birds of Costa Rica
Hilty, Birds of Venezuela,
ffrench, Birds of Trinidad and Tobago
"National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America
Klicka, Burns & Spellman.
Defining a monophyletic Cardinalidae: a molecular perspective.
p. 36
Cardinalidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Magpies are birds in the crow family, Corvidae.
They are general scavengers and predators of insects, small mammals, and other birds' eggs and young.
The word "magpie" usually means the European magpie (Pica pica), which is a very common bird, found all over Europe.
Elsewhere, there are other species of magpie.
Most are black and white and are in the genus Pica.
Other birds called "magpie"
There are other species of bird that are called 'magpies', though they are not true magpies.
Oriental "magpies" are green and blue in colour, and are in the genera Urocissa and Cissa.
There is also one blue and white magpie, the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyana.
There is the black magpie, which is really a treepie.
There is also the Australian magpie.
It is not a member of the crow family at all.
It is in the Artamidae family.
All these are in different genera from Pica.
This is a good example of the confusion caused by common names before the Linnaean system came into use.
Magpies are large birds.
They often have long tails.
Magpies eat lots of different kinds of food.
They may eat baby birds, eggs and carrion.
They may also eat seeds and other parts of plants.
Magpies are clever birds.
They can pass the mirror test.
This is when the bird sees itself in a mirror and understands that it is a reflection.
Magpies do not have any attraction to bright, shiny things, contrary to popular belief.
Magpie videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Magpie webcam  - Live webcam stream Magpies & Blackbirds nest
Final Fantasy Tactics is a tactical role-playing game for the Playstation and Game Boy Advance.
It was released in 1997 by Square Co., Ltd. (now Square Enix).
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle.
They are a kind of vesicle.
Vacuoles are closed sacs, made of membranes with inorganic or organic molecules inside, such as enzymes.
They have no set shape or size, and the cell can change them as needed.
They are in most eukaryotic cells and do many things.
They can store waste.
Vacuoles and their contents are distinct from the cytoplasm, and are classified as ergastic according to some people.
The solution that fills the vacuole is called cell sap.
What a vacuole does and how important it is depends on what kind of cell they are in.
They are much more important in plant and fungus cells than in animal cells.
Some common jobs of a vacuole are to:
Hold waste products, and keep things separate from the rest of the cell
Hold water in plant cells
Keep the internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor steady in a cell.
In land plants, this holds the stem upright.
Keep an acidic pH on the inside of a cell
Hold small molecules
In seeds, proteins that seeds use to sprout are put in 'protein bodies'.
Protein bodies are just vacuoles that are a little bit different from normal.
Vacuoles are also important in autophagy, keeping a balance between making and getting rid of many things in cells and organisms.
They also help with destroying and recycling broken proteins that build up in cells.
Vacuoles may help attack bacteria and some kinds of vacuoles may act as a house for symbiotic bacteria.
In protists, vacuoles also store and help digest food that the protist ate.
Central vacuole
The central vacuole is a cellular organelle found in plant cells.
It is often the largest organelle in the cell.
It is surrounded by a membrane and holds materials and wastes.
It also keeps the proper pressure in the plant cells, and supports the growing plant.
The evolution of multicellularity took place several times on Earth.
That is, separately in animals, fungi, streptophytes (charophyte algae and land plants), red algae, and brown algae.
The vacuole probably evolved several times independently, even within the green plants.
The College of Arms, in London is one of the few remaining government heraldic authorities in Europe.
It was founded in 1484 by King Richard III, and its job is to control heraldry and grant new armorial bearings, sometime called coats of arms.
The college is run by the Kings of Arms, heralds and pursuivants who handle heraldic affairs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland on behalf of the Queen. (
Scotland has its own heraldic authority: Lord Lyon King of Arms and his office.)
The college also grants arms to citizens of other Commonwealth countries that do not have their own heralds. (
Canadians use Canadian Heraldic Authority and South Africans have the Bureau of Heraldry)
As well as designing and granting new arms, the College tries to answer many requests from people trying to prove that they are descended from an armigerous (arms-bearing) person; a person descended in the male line (or through heraldic heiresses) from an armiger may be reissued that ancestor's arms.
Special marks called difference marks can be added make the coat of arms different from the arms of their cousins.
The college is involved in genealogy and have many pedigrees (family trees) in their records.
Anyone may register a pedigree with the college, where they are carefully checked and need official proofs before being altered.
Heralds were originally messengers.
Officers of the College of Arms still sometimes read Royal proclamations in public, for example at the accession of a new sovereign.
The College of Arms is on Queen Victoria Street in the City of London, not far to the south of St. Paul's Cathedral.
The site was given to the college when it was re-formed by Philip and Mary I in 1555, and the present 17th century building dates from after the Great Fire of London in 1666.
The College of Arms was featured in the 1969 James Bond movie On Her Majesty's Secret Service where James Bond visits his friend Sir Hillary Bray who permits Bond to impersonate him so he can spy on Blofeld's base.
Bray gives Bond information on Blofeld's ancestor Count Balthazzar de Bleuchamp.
Bond is shown his own coat of arms with the family motto: "the world is not enough" (this was used for the title of the 19th Bond movie The World Is Not Enough).
The officers
The Earl Marshal, a hereditary office held by the Duke of Norfolk, oversees the College, but he is not a member.
He must give his written consent, called a warrant, before any new coat of arms can be issued.
The Earl Marshal's court (called the Court of Chivalry) can hear cases about using coats arms, but the court has not sat since 1954.
Usually the Earl Marshal usually leaves affairs to the professional heralds of the College.
There are, three levels of officers of arms: Kings of Arms, Heralds, and Pursuivants.
The officers of arms occupy posts bearing traditional titles:
Kings of Arms:
Garter Principal King of Arms, the senior King of Arms (his title mentions the Order of the Garter)
Clarenceux King of Arms, whose "province" is the part of England south of the River Trent
Norroy and Ulster King of Arms, whose "province" is the part of England north of the River Trent (Norroy) and Northern Ireland (Ulster)
Heralds, whose titles are mention places or peerage titles historically associated with the monarchy:
Chester Herald of Arms in Ordinary
Lancaster Herald of Arms in Ordinary
Richmond Herald of Arms in Ordinary
Somerset Herald of Arms in Ordinary
Windsor Herald of Arms in Ordinary
York Herald of Arms in Ordinary
Pursuivants, whose titles are various heraldic badges associated with the monarchy:
Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary
Portcullis Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary
Rouge Croix Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary
Rouge Dragon Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary
The officers of arms earn money from their own private practices in heraldry and genealogy.
They get only nominal salaries as officers of the College.
These salaries were set centuries ago and reflect the living costs of the day.
William IV reduced them to the old level in the 1830s.
The amounts are listed below, and is not taxed:
£49.07 a year for the Garter Principal King of Arms,
£20.25 a year for the other "provincial" Kings of Arms,
£17.80 a year for the Heralds, and
£13.95 a year for the Pursuivants.
Any letters, telephone calls or visitors to the college not for a specific officer of arms are seen by the "officer in waiting".
All members of the college serve as officer in waiting on rotation.
"Heralds Extraordinary" are appointed to take part in special ceremonial occasions or to help the Earl Marshal personally; they are not members of the college.
Among the extraordinary heralds have been —
Arundel Herald of Arms Extraordinary
Beaumont Herald of Arms Extraordinary
Maltravers Herald of Arms Extraordinary
Norfolk Herald of Arms Extraordinary
Surrey Herald of Arms Extraordinary
Fitzalan Pursuivant of Arms Extraordinary
These are all names related to the Earl Marshal and
Wales Herald of Arms Extraordinary
Grants and descent of arms
The Kings of Arms grant coats of arms by letters patent.
Before they can even consider the granting of arms, an application, (called a memorial) must be made to the Earl Marshal, and a fee paid.
The Kings of Arms are authorised in their "patents of appointment" (the letter giving them their job) to grant coats of arms to "eminent men".
Originally this meant someone who was rich or had social status.
By 1530, the heralds wanted successful candidates for a grant of arms to have £300 or rent from land of £10 a year.
Since the heralds get fees for granting arms, they have always been generous when deciding who should be allowed a coat of arms.
In 1616, Ralphe Brooke, York Herald, tricked the Garter King of Arms into granting a coat of arms to the common hangman for a fee of 22 shillings (£1-20p).
the Earl Marshal acts for the Queen to approve candidates for coats of arms.
the Kings of Arms act for the Queen to grant coats of arms.
There are no fixed rules about granting modern coats of arms.
If a herald is approached and does not consider that the application has merit, he may tactfully suggest to the applicant that he or she should not proceed.
If it does proceed, its success or otherwise will depend on the approval of the Earl Marshal, who may apply his own standards.
Peter Gwynn-Jones has recently written that
The coat of arms, or a differenced version of them using marks of cadency, can be used by all of the legitimate children of an individual and such children and their descendants may bear the arms (or a differenced version of them) from the moment of birth: they do not have to wait for the death of the previous generation.
The College of Arms does not need to approve the use of the arms in each generation: the original grant of arms is the only authority required.
Although daughters and sons inherit the right to bear arms for themselves personally, the right passes only through the male line: hence, a son transmits the arms to his children, but a daughter, can use them herself, but her children cannot.
A partial exception to this rule is the case of a woman who has no brothers, or whose brothers have no children; such a woman is called a heraldic heiress and may transmit the arms to her children as a quartering with their father's arms, and to their descendents.
The costs involved are quite substantial.
The applicant does not buy a coat of arms: the arms themselves are freely given, but fees must be paid to the heralds and artists involved as professionals, and to support the buildings and other running costs of the College.
Aside from the heralds' traditional nominal salaries, given above, the College of Arms is not financed by the taxpayer.
The College of Arms is also responsible for recording the changes of names.
In order to change one's name, one must apply for a deed poll to be entered on the College's registers and published in the London Gazette.
When a Royal Licence is granted for a transfer of arms, the change of the surname  may be permitted by the Licence itself, so there is no need of a deed poll.
Gwynn-Jones, P. Ll. (
1998) The Art of Heraldry : origins, symbols, designs, London : Parkgate,
1484 establishments
The City of Sunderland is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in North East England.
Since 1992 it has had the status of a city and metropolitan borough.
The district was created in 1974 as the Metropolitan Borough of Sunderland when all local government in England and Wales was changed by the Local Government Act 1972.
This was when four different local government districts from County Durham were joined together.
Sunderland became a city in 1992, the 40th anniversary of  Queen Elizabeth's accession (the time she became queen).
On March 24, 2004, the City adopted St Benedict Biscop as its patron saint.
A patron had never been adopted before.
Houghton-le-Spring
Sunderland, Tyne and Wear
The Self-Strengthening Movement ( or ;  1861 - 1895) was a reform organised during the late Qing Dynasty.
The movement's intent was the modernization of China as a result of many military defeats it had faced at the hands of the West.
It could be divided into three phases the first phase (1861 - 1872), the second phase (1872 - 1885) and the third phase (1885 - 1895).
After the defeat of Opium Wars and the outbreak of Taiping Rebellion, the emperor and imperial officials realised that the Qing Government might be overthrown soon and they would no longer reign the country.
In order to prevent this, a series of reforms were implemented in the Self-Strengthening Movement, sometimes called "Westernization" which sought to adopt ideas from the West, mainly in technology.
Major leaders
Yixin, Prince Gong ()
Wenxiang           ()
Zeng Guofan        ()
Li Hongzhang       ()
Zuo Zongtang       ()
Shen Baozhen       ()
Zhang Zhidong      ()
Michael John Douglas (born September 5, 1951), better known by the artistic name Michael Keaton, is an American actor who became popular for his early comedic film roles, most notably his performance as the title character of Tim Burton's Beetlejuice, and later gained international fame for his dramatic portrayal of Bruce Wayne / Batman in Tim Burton's Batman (1989), Batman Returns (1992) and will play the role again in The Flash and Batgirl (both 2022).
He won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2015 for his role in Birdman.
In 2016, he played Ray Kroc in The Founder.
Keaton was born in Kennedy Township, Pennsylvania.
He lived in Robinson Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
His father, George A. Douglas, worked as a civil engineer and surveyor, and his mother, Leona Elizabeth (nee Loftus), a homemaker, came from McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania.
Keaton was raised in a Catholic family.
He is of Irish and Scots-Irish ancestry.
He attended Montour High School in Pennsylvania.
Douglas studied speech for two years at Kent State, before dropping out and moving to Pittsburgh.
Gary the Rat - Jerry Andrews
King of the Hill - Trip Larson
The Simpsons - Jack Crowley
Cars - Chick Hicks
Minions - Walter Nelson
Porco Rosso - Porco Rosso
Toy Story 3 - Ken
Toy Story 4 - Ken
Woody's Roundup: The Movie - Ken
Spotlight (movie) - Walter “Robby” Robinson
Video Game Roles
Call of Duty: Black Ops II - Jason Hudson
Cars Race-O-Rama - Chick Hicks
Story on Michael Keaton
Smaller than the other ( means that a is smaller than b)
Bigger than the other ( means that a is bigger than b)
Not smaller than the other ( means that a is not smaller than b, that is, it is either bigger, or equal to b)
Not bigger than the other ( means that a is not bigger than b, or it is smaller or equal to b)
Working with inequalities
Inequality in math is when two solutions or answers are compared by greater than or less than.
It is when the two or yet many solutions are being compared is not of equal amount.
Solving an inequality means finding its solutions.
When you substitute a number to a variable and the statement is true, then it is a solution.
When you substitute a number to a variable and the statement is not true then, the number is not a solution to the statement.
Solving inequality is finding a solution to a given variable.
It is finding a relative order of a set.
Inequality might have many solutions, but usually only solutions as real numbers are the ones we are looking for.
The proper way to read inequality is from left to right, just like the other equations, but the only difference is that they have different rules for every equation.
For example, consider the inequality x+4>12, where x is a real number.
First, one needs to find the x and verify that it is actually a solution.
The answer will be x>8 and it is a true statement.
This expression is about the location of x within the set of real numbers.
A number line is one way to show the location relative to all other real numbers.(See figure Inequality 1)
Different kinds of inequalities
The first kind is linear inequalities, which are inequalities that differentiate the expressions by either less than or equal to, less than or greater than or equal to, greater than.
It is one that if we replace the inequality for the equals relation, then the outcome will be a linear equation.
The second kind is the combinations of inequalities which are to satisfy the inequalities.
Here, one must first have a number in the solution sets, so that the numbers satisfying the inequalities are going to be the values in the crossing of the two solution sets.
The third kind is inequalities involving absolute values, which means that the values can be rephrased as combinations of inequalities that will involve absolute values.
The fourth kind is called polynomial inequalities, which means that it is continuous and that their graphs do not have any jumps or breaks.
Last but not the least, is the rational inequalities, which means that it is the form of one of the polynomial  divided by another polynomial.
In other words, the rational function graphs do not have any breaks nor represent at the zeros of the denominator.
Four ways to solve Inequalities
Add or subtract the same number on both sides.
Shift the sides and change the positioning of the sign of the inequality.
Multiply the same number on both sides.
Divide the same positive or negative number into the both sides.
Furthermore, it will take two steps to solve an inequality.
The first one is to simplify using the reciprocal of addition or subtraction.
The second one is to simplify more by using the reciprocal of multiplication or division.
Note that when multiplying or dividing an inequality by a negative number, the inequality symbol must be reversed.
Examples of how to solve Inequalities
Inequality is a mathematical statement that explains that the two values are not equal and are different.
The equation a≠b means that a is not equal to b. Inequality is the same with any equation, with the (only) difference that inequality does not use an equal sign but inequality symbols.
The inequality b>a means that b is greater than a. Speed limits, mark, and others use inequality to express them.
When solving an inequality, a person need to have a true statement.
When you divide or multiply an inequality with a negative number on both sides, the statement is false.
In order to make the statement correct with a negative number, one must reverse the direction of the inequality symbol.
When a number is a positive number, one does not need to reverse the symbol.
Inequality is about making a true statement.
For example, start with a true statement -6y<-12.
When both sides are divided by -6, the result will become y<2.
In this statement, the symbol need to be reversed in order to have a true statement, which produces y>2 as the correct answer.
In the number line (see figure Inequality 2), a closed shaded circle points out that it is included in the solution set.
An open circle points out that it is not included in the solution set.
Chechnya (; ), officially the Chechen Republic (; ), is a federal subject in Russia.
It is located in the Caucasus region.
The capital is Grozny.
Most people in Chechnya are Muslims and are of ancient Hurrian roots who spoke a Caucasian language.
Most Chechens belong to the Shafi`i school of Sunni Islam.
Chechens speak their own language, not related to the Russian language.
Chechen is part of the Northeast Caucasian, or Vainakh, family, while Russian is a Slavic language.
During Soviet control, Chechnya was unified with Ingushetia.
After the fall of the Soviet Union, Chechnya broke away from Ingushetia to form its own republic.
The Chechens wanted independence.
After the First Chechen War, Chechnya was de facto independent as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
After the Second Chechen War, Russia regained control of Chechnya.
The current leader of the Chechen Republic is Ramzan Kadyrov.
He is also the son of the 1st Chechen President, Akhmad Kadyrov.
Official site of the Republic of Chechnya
Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel is a mathematical paradox named after the German mathematician David Hilbert.
Hilbert used it as an example to show how infinity does not act in the same way as regular numbers do.
The paradox
Normal hotels have a set number of rooms.
This number is finite.
Once every room has been assigned to a guest, any new guest that wants a room and does not have one yet cannot be served - in other words, the hotel is fully booked.
Now suppose that there is a hotel that has an infinite number of rooms.
As a convenience, the rooms have numbers, the first room has the number 1, the second has number 2, and so on.
If all the rooms are filled, it might appear that no more guests can be taken in, as in a hotel with a finite number of rooms.
This is wrong, though.
A room can be provided for another guest.
This can be done by moving the guest in room 1 to room 2, the guest in room 2 to room 3, and so on.
In the general case, the guest in room n will be moved to room n+1.
After all guests have moved, room 1 is empty, and the new guest now has a room to occupy.
This shows how we can find a room for a new guest even if the hotel is already full, something that could not happen in any hotel with a finite number of rooms.
In case of infinitely new guests
Another thing that can be done with this imaginary hotel is to double the number of people inside, again when all the rooms are already full.
This is done by asking each guest to multiply their room number by two and move to that room. (
If their previous room number was n, this time they would move to room number 2n.)
This would send the guest in room 1 to room 2, the guest in room 2 to room 4, the guest in room 3 to room 6, the guest in room 4 to room 8, and so on.
After finishing, we find that all the rooms with the odd numbers are empty.
Then we can put an infinite number of guests into these empty rooms.
Now the number of guests in the hotel has been doubled without making the hotel bigger.
If infinite groups of infinite guests come
This is not really a paradox, it is only counterintuitive.
In a normal hotel, with a finite number of rooms, the number of odd-numbered rooms, is smaller than the total number of rooms.
In Hilbert's Hotel this does not seem to be the case.
In case of infinite vehicles of infinite groups of infinite guests
Further layers of infinity
Infinite aircraft carriers of the same infinite vehicles
Infinite spacecraft of the same infinite aircraft carriers.
Infinite layers of nesting
Each megapod holds 10 pods. (
100 people)
Each supermegapod holds 10 megapods. (
1,000 people)
Each ultrasuperduperubermegapod holds 10 ultrasuperdupermegapods. (
1,000,000 people)
This assumes that there is never an infinitieth layer. (
The main ship)
Hilbert's paradox is a veridical paradox: it leads to a counter-intuitive result that is provably true.
The statements "there is a guest to every room" and "no more guests can be accommodated" are not equivalent when there are infinitely many rooms.
An analogous situation is presented in Cantor's diagonal proof.
At first, this state of affairs might seem to be counter-intuitive.
The properties of "infinite collections of things" are quite different from those of "finite collections of things".
The paradox of Hilbert's Grand Hotel can be understood by using Cantor's theory of transfinite numbers.
In an ordinary (finite) hotel with more than one room, the number of odd-numbered rooms is obviously smaller than the total number of rooms.
However, in Hilbert's aptly named Grand Hotel, the quantity of odd-numbered rooms is not smaller than the total "number" of rooms.
In mathematical terms, the cardinality of the subset containing the odd-numbered rooms is the same as the cardinality of the set of all rooms.
Indeed, infinite sets are characterized as sets that have proper subsets of the same cardinality.
For countable sets (sets with the same cardinality as the natural numbers) this cardinality is .
Put differently, for any countably infinite set, there exists a bijective function which maps the countably infinite set to the set of natural numbers, even if the countably infinite set contains the natural numbers.
For example, the set of rational numbers—those numbers which can be written as a quotient of integers—contains the natural numbers as a subset, but is no bigger than the set of natural numbers since the rationals are countable: there is a bijection from the naturals to the rationals.
The Infinite Hotel Paradox - Jeff Dekofsky - TED-Ed Lessons
In mathematics, the opposite or additive inverse of a number  is a number  which, when added to , results in 0.
The opposite of  is .
For example, −7 is the opposite of 7, because .
The opposite of a positive number is the negative version of the number.
The opposite of a negative number is the positive version of the number.
The opposite of 0 is 0.
Two opposite numbers have the same absolute value.
An n-th root of a number r is a number which, if n copies are multiplied together, makes r. It is also called a radical or a radical expression.
It is a number k for which the following equation is true:
(for the meaning of , see Exponentiation.)
We write the nth root of r as .
If n is 2, then the radical expression is a square root.
If it is 3, it is a cube root.
Other values of n are referred to using ordinal numbers, such as fourth root and tenth root.
For example,  because .
The 8 in that example is called the radicand, the 3 is called the index, and the check-shaped part is called the radical symbol or radical sign.
Roots and powers can be changed as shown in .
The product property of a radical expression is the statement that .
The quotient property of a radical expression is the statement .
If two radicals are the same, they can be combined.
This is when both of the indexes and radicands are the same.
The Isle of Portland is an island in Dorset in the south of England.
Portland is south of the resort of Weymouth.
13,000 people live there.
It is where the famous Portland limestone was originally found.
Weymouth is a resort town in Dorset on the south coast of England.
52,000 people live in the town.
Thousands of tourists have holidays there, because it is by the sea.
In summer it is sometimes sunny and warm and there is lots to do.
The sailing in the 2012 Summer Olympics were held in Weymouth and on the Isle of Portland nearby.
Chrysanthemums are a genus (Chrysanthemum) of about 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, from Asia and northeast Europe.
Germplasm Resources Information Network: Chrysanthemum
Painting of Chrysanthemums
Chrysanthemum Gardening and care
ICBN: List of conserved genera (scroll down for Chrysanthemum)
A flagship is the ship used by the officer who commanded a group of naval ships.
The term comes from the custom of the commanding officer to fly a special flag to show he was present.
Used in this way, "flagship" is normally a temporary name; the flagship is wherever the officer is flying his flag.
However, admirals have always needed a special place; a meeting room large enough to hold all the captains of the fleet, and a place for the admiral's staff to make plans and draw up orders.
Over the years, the term "flagship" has been borrowed by other industries.
These include broadcasting, automobiles, cell phones, and others to mean their core products or services.
The Eurasian magpie or common magpie (Pica pica) is a bird that lives in Europe, much of Asia, and northwest Africa.
It is one of several birds in the crow family named as magpies.
European Magpie videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
Avibase
Sui generis (pronounced  or ) is a term from Latin.
It can be translated to Of (his/her/its) own kind.
It basically means that something has VERY special characteristics.
They are so special, that the thing cannot really be compared to anything else.
The term was invented by philosophers.
What they originally wanted to say was that an idea is so specific as to be unique, that it cannot really be part of a broader concept.
When lawyers talk about something being sui generis, they mean that something is unique.
It cannot be compared.
With intellectual property, a design can be sui generis.
Political sciences
The European Union is something that has come to be in the last few years.
In some ways it is like state in others like a confederation of states or an international organisation.
It is mostly classified as sui generis.
In the sociology of Emile Durkheim, sui generis is used to illustrate his theories on social existence.
He says that society, as it was there before any living individual was born, is independent of all individuals.
His sui generis (its closest English meaning in this sense being 'independent') society will furthermore continue its existence after the individual ceases to interact with it.
Examples in media
Meryl Streep was praised in a Wall Street Journal review of The Devil Wears Prada: "(her) pitch-perfect portrayal of Miranda is sui generis, with a dramatic existence of its own, as unique and memorable as, say, a Bette Davis character."
Martin Kettle in The Guardian said about hung parliaments: "Each is sui generis, dependent on the particular parliamentary arithmetic, inter-party momentum and surrounding political circumstances."
Slate has used the term several times; one article discussed the unique variations of French Rose Champagne: "Grower Champagnes are wines made by small farmers in the Champagne region who, bucking convention, choose to craft their own wines rather than sell their grapes to the major Champagne houses.
Typical of farmer fizzes, the grower rosés are utterly sui generis—in a few cases almost freakishly so."
A CNN The Marquee post said about James Brown, "I can't even begin to talk about his importance.
He was sui generis."
Latin words and phrases
Some things cannot be drawn this way.
For example, there are only 32 regular polygons with an uneven number of sides which are known to be constructible.
It has been proven that a square with the same area as the area of a circle cannot be constructed.
This is called "Squaring the circle".
eo:Geometrio#Klasikaj problemoj
fa:تثلیث زاویه
A carnation is a type of flower.
It has been grown for so many years, we are not sure where it came from.
Air Force One is the air traffic call sign (name) of any U.S. Air Force aircraft carrying the president of the United States.
They are only called Air Force One when the president is on board.
Otherwise it is called by its number like any other airplane.
When Richard Nixon resigned as president in 1974 he flew back to his home in California in Air Force One, but halfway to California he stopped being president and the airplane was then given a new name, SAM (Special Air Mission) 2700.
Japanese Air Force One
Individual aircraft
In the Middle Ages, people in Europe believed that Incubi (one Incubus, several Incubi) were male demons.
There were also female demons, called succubi.
They lay on sleeping people, to have sexual intercourse with them.
They would also do this to make other incubi.
While they had sex with their victim, they drained its energy to sustain themselves.
Sometimes, having sex with an incubus may result in a child, as in the legend of Merlin.
Some sources say that the incubus may be identified by its unnaturally cold penis.
Religious tradition holds that repeated intercourse with such a spirit by either males or females may result in bad health, or even death.
Origins of the legends
People have come up with different explanations for the incubus legends.
In the Middle Ages, people worried a lot about sin, especially sexual sins of women.
Victims may have been experiencing waking dreams or sleep paralysis.
Also, nocturnal arousal, orgasm or nocturnal emission could be explained by the idea of creatures causing an otherwise guilt-producing and self-conscious behavior.
The influence of incubi could also have been used to explain how pregnancies happen outside marriage; such pregnancies were often "unexplainable".and unnoticed
Victims who claimed to have fallen prey to the influence of incubi, could in reality have been victims of sexual assault by a real person.
Rapists may have attributed the rapes of sleeping women to demons in order to escape punishment.
A friend or relative may have assaulted the victim in her sleep.
The victims and, in some cases the clergy, may have found it easier to explain the attack as supernatural in origin rather than confront the idea that the attack came from a trusted person.
Ancient and religious descriptions
One of the earliest mentions of an incubus comes from Mesopotamia on the Sumerian kings' list, ca.
2400, where the hero Gilgamesh's father is listed as Lilu (Lila).
It is said that Lilu disturbs and seduces women in their sleep, while Lilitu, a female demon, appears to men in their erotic dreams.
Two other demons appear as well: Ardat lili visits men by night and bears ghostly children from them.
Irdu lili, is the male counterpart to Ardat lili.
He visits women by night.
These demons were originally storm demons.
Because the etymology was interpreted wrongly, they were later seen as night demons.
Also considered to be vampires which is another form of a demon that is said to drink blood from its victims.
Incubi and succubi were said by some not to be different sexes, but the same demon able to change its sex.
A succubus would be able to sleep with a man and collect his sperm, and then transform into an incubus and use that seed on women.
Their offspring were thought to be supernatural in many cases, even if the actual genetic material originally came from humans.