the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Sometimes, the jury can still make a decision even if a few members don't agree with it.
However, if the jury is quite clearly divided, the result is known as a hung jury and the case is not decided.
A member of a jury is called a juror.
A juror is supposed to be impartial.
This means that he or she is to be fair and listen to both sides of the story without deciding what side they will take ahead of time.
Types of juries
A petit jury also called a trial jury is one made up of from 6 to 12 jurors.
A grand jury is called by a prosecutor to decide if there is probable cause to believe someone has committed a crime.
If so, the grand jury returns an indictment against the defendant.
Juries by country
A jury in the United Kingdom is made up of 12 people for criminal cases and 10 people for civil cases (or 15 people in Scotland) these people are selected at random and are British citizens with no criminal record.
Members are chosen from the electoral register for their local area and those chosen must attend jury duty.
In the United States, juries are made up of 12 regular people from the area in which the trial is held and are not members of the court system.
They are paid a small amount for their service.
de:Jury
nn:Meddommar
Pocahontas (born around 1595buried on 21 March 1617) was an American Indian.
She maintained relations between the Indians of Virginia and the colonists who built a fort and settlement on the James River called Jamestown in 1607.
Legend says she saved John Smith's life when her father, Powhatan, was about to kill him.
During a war with the Indians, she was captured and held for ransom.
She was baptized Rebecca and improved her English language skills during captivity.
In 1614 she married tobacco planter John Rolfe.
They had a son Thomas.
In 1616 the family went to London.
Pocahontas became a celebrity.
She died at Gravesend and was buried in England on 21 March 1617.
Birth and early years
The year of Pocahontas's birth is unknown, but Camilla Townsend, author of Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma, suggests that she was born about 1597.
Her father was Powhatan, the chief of an alliance of tribes in Virginia.
Her mother was a woman of no social importance.
Pocahontas was named Amonute.
By the age of ten, the child was nicknamed Pocahontas, which means "playful one".
She had a name known only to her parents.
It may have been Makoata.
Her girlhood was much like the girlhood of others in the alliance.
She took care of siblings, she cooked, she tanned hides, she searched for berries and other edible foods, she tended the corn, beans, and squashes in the gardens of her people.
In the evenings, she listened to songs and stories about the gods and her people's past.
She wove cords from fibers while sitting at the fireside with girls.
Pocahontas was about ten years old when, in April 1607, colonist Captain John Smith arrived in Virginia.
He and his men built a settlement called Jamestown.
In December 1607, Smith was captured by an Indian party.
He was taken to Powhatan's village.
He enjoyed a feast and a talk with Powhatan.
He did not meet Pocahontas.
Pocahontas made friends with Smith and the colonists.
She often went to the settlement.
When the colonists were starving, Pocahontas supplied them with food.
As the settlement grew, the Indians felt their lands were threatened.
Conflicts arose.
In late 1609, Smith returned to England.
The settlers told the Indians that Smith was dead.
Pocahontas stopped visiting Jamestown.
She later learned that he was alive in England.
The story of Pocahontas saving Smith's life by placing her head upon his own as her father was about to kill him is a fiction created by Smith in 1616.
He wrote "... at the minute of my execution, she [Pocahontas] hazarded the beating out of her own brains to save mine; and not only that, but so prevailed with her father, that I was conducted to Jamestown."
A romance between Pocahontas and Smith is also a fiction created by mythmakers in the early century.
As Jamestown expanded and settlements were built along the James, conflicts between the Indians and the English arose.
In April 1613, Captain Samuel Argall learned Pocahontas was visiting a village on the Potomac River.
He lured her aboard his ship and made her captive.
Argall demanded the release of Powhatan's prisoners and the return of weapons and tools.
Powhatan took no action.
Pocahontas's captivity lasted about a year.
She improved her English skills during this time.
She embraced Christianity and the way of life.
When her father released his prisoners and returned some tools, Pocahontas rebuked him for valuing axes and firearms more than his daughter.
She told her people that she would rather remain with the English.
Marriage to John Rolfe
Helen Rountree writes that Pocahontas began menstruating sometime in 1610.
She then married a warrior and commoner named Kocoum.
It is unknown where the couple lived or if they had children.
This marriage ended by custom when she was captured by the English in 1613.
Pocahontas met 28 year old colonist John Rolfe during her captivity in Henricus.
Rolfe was a widower and a successful tobacco planter.
He was a gentle and pious man.
He wrote a letter to the governor asking permission to marry Pocahontas.
He expressed both his love for her and his belief that he would be saving her soul.
He assured the governor that he was "motivated not by the desire of affection (attraction), but for the good of this plantation, for the honor of our country, for the Glory of God, for my salvation."
In early April 1614, Pocahontas declared herself a Christian.
She was baptized.
Her name would be Rebecca.
Pocahontas and Rolfe were married on 5 April 1614 at either the church in Jamestown or in Henricus.
The couple lived at Rolfe's plantation on Hog Island.
This plantation was located across the James River from Jamestown.
They had one child, Thomas Rolfe.
His birthdate and birthplace are not known.
He could have been born in either America or England.
The marriage created peace between the colonists and Powhatan's confederacy of tribes for years.
Trip to England
The English wanted to promote investment in the colony.
Pocahontas was taken to England in 1616 with a few Indians.
She served as a symbol of the tamed New World "savage", and the success of the settlement.
John Smith did not meet Pocahontas in London, but he urged Queen Anne to treat  her with the respect due a visitor.
He suggested that if she were treated, she might spurn Christianity.
In addition, England might lose the chance to gain a kingdom through her means.
Pocahontas was then treated to events, balls and entertainments, and the company of well ladies.
The Bishop of London entertained her with pomp beyond what he offered to other ladies.
Although Pocahontas was not a princess, she was presented as a princess to the public.
Many English at this time recognized Powhatan to be the ruler of an empire, and they accorded to his daughter what they considered status.
The cleric Samuel Purchas recalled meeting Pocahontas in London.
He wrote that she impressed those she met by her bearing.
In March 1617, the Rolfes boarded a ship bound for Virginia.
Pocahontas became ill.
As the ship approached Gravesend, it was obvious she was dying.
She was taken to an inn on shore and died on 21 March 1617.
Her funeral was held the same day at St. George's Church, Gravesend.
Rolfe then set sail for Virginia.
His two year old son Thomas was ill.
Rolfe thought the boy would not survive a voyage.
He left the boy in the care of Sir Lewis Stukely, an official at Plymouth, England.
Thomas was picked up by Rolfe's brother Henry.
The boy never saw his father again.
Pocahontas was buried under the chancel of St. George's Church.
In 1727, the church burned.
The bones of Pocahontas were reburied in a grave in the churchyard.
In the 1920s, attempts to identify Pocahontas's bones were unsuccessful.
Allen, Paula Gunn.
HarperSanFrancisco.
2003. .
Price, David A. Love and Hate in Jamestown.
New York: Knopf.
Rountree, Helen C. (December 8, 2010). "
Pocahontas (d. 1617)".
Encyclopedia Virginia.
Retrieved February 26, 2013.
Townsend, Camilla.
Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma.
New York: Hill and Wang, 2004. .
Hamor, Ralph.
A True Discourse of the Present Estate of Virginia.
Repr.
in Jamestown Narratives, ed.
Edward Wright Haile.
Champlain, VA: Roundhouse, 1998.
Letter to Edwin Sandys.
June 8, 1617.
in The Records of the Virginia Company of London, ed.
Susan Myra Kingsbuy.
Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1906–1935.
Letter to Thomas Dale.
The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles.
Strachey, William.
The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Brittania.
c1612.
Boston: Elibron Classics, 2001.
Virginia Historical Society. '
Contact and Conflict'.
The Story of Virginia: An American Experience.
David Morenus. '
The Real Pocahontas'.
David's Townhouse.
Compares the historical Pocahontas to the Disney version.
Pictures and many links.
1590s births
1617 deaths
Develier is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Official website of the municipality of Develier
Ederswiler is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
It is the only German-speaking municipality in the canton, where all others are French-speaking.
Glovelier is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Glovelier, Bassecourt, Courfaivre, Soulce and Undervelier merged into the new municipality of Haute-Sorne.
Mervelier is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Anything to do with Korea, a country
Prana is the vital air or breath of the human body in Hinduism.
It is also the vital, life-sustaining force of both the individual body and the universe.
Its was first written about in the Upanishads.
Prana is in all living forms, but is not itself the soul.
In yoga, prana is divided into different type.
There are said to be five pranas or vital currents.
They are called prana, apana, vyana, udana and samana.
Sanga Monastery is a small Buddhist monastery near Lhasa, Tibet.
Sanga Monastery was built in the ruins of the castle (or fort) Taktse (also Dagtse) Dzong (formerly Dechen Dzong) on the top of a hill.
Dagtse Dzong overlooks the roads to Yerpa and Ganden Monastery to the east.
Sanga Monastery together with Ganden Monastery belong to the Geluk (Gelug-pa) order (also known as Yellow Hat Sect, lit. '
Virtuous').
The Yellow Hat Sect was started by Tsongkhapa (Tsong Khapa or Lobsang Drakpa), also known as Jé Rinpoché, 1357–1419.
He was known as a writer and teacher.
Buddhist buildings
In some eastern religions, a Satguru (or Sadguru) is a person who is considered to have achieved enlightenment, and who can help others to achieve the same.
The word means "true teacher" in Sanskrit (), sat meaning "true" and a guru meaning "teacher".
The title means that his students have faith that the guru can be trusted and will lead them to moksha, nirvana or inner peace.
It is based on a long line of Hindu understandings about the importance of the guru.
Ancient and  traditional sources
In  the Guru Gita, Shiva says to Parvati:
The body, the senses, the Prana, wealth, one’s own relations, the self, wife etc.,
all these should be surrendered to the Satguru. (
One who cuts asunder, for the disciple, the eight kinds of attachment (doubts, pity, fear, shyness, censure, position in society, high birth and wealth), by the sword of mercy and bestows absolute Bliss is called Satguru. (
Just as the ocean is the king of waters, the Param Guru(Satguru) is the King among Gurus. (
A Param Guru is free from attachment, etc.;
peaceful, always contented in Himself, independent, and one who considers the status of *Brahma and Vishnu like a blade of grass. (
One who is independent at all times and places, who possess an unshakable mind and always blissful, who experiences the homogenous essence of the Self, such a one is the Param Guru. (
One who is free from the feeling of duality and non-duality, who shines by the light of His self-realization, who is able to destroy the deep darkness of ignorance, and is omniscient, He is a Param Guru. (
By whose mere Darshan, one attains calmness, cheerfulness, and peace and steadfastness, and peace of mind, such a one is Param Guru. (
One who looks upon his own body as a corpse, and his Self as the non-dual Brahman, and who has killed the infatuation for  wealth and women, such a person is a Param Guru. (
Family traditions, wealth, strength, shastras, relatives, brothers, - none of these are useful to you at the time of death.
Satguru is the only saviour. (
"It is very rare to find a Satguru who can give Shaktipat and rare to find a disciple worthy of receiving it.
One gets such a Guru only as a result of past meritorious actions."
In the presence of the satguru; Knowledge flourishes (Gyana raksha); Sorrow diminishes (Dukha kshaya); Joy wells up without any reason (Sukha aavirbhava); Abundance dawns (Samriddhi); All talents manifest (Sarva samvardhan).
According to Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami, a Hindu Satguru is always a sannyasin, an unmarried renunciate.
Guru-shishya tradition
Julius Robert Oppenheimer
C.V. Raman
Abdul Kalam
The Western Roman Empire was the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 286 AD.
The other half of the Roman Empire became known as the Eastern Roman Empire, later known as the Byzantine Empire.
The whole Roman Empire had been in difficulties since 190 AD when large Gothic tribes began moving into areas under Roman control.
The leadership of Rome was weak and there was instability.
Various power groups in the Roman armies kept trying to install their own Emperors, and murdering Emperors who belonged to other groups.
This meant the invasions by the Germanic tribes were not successfully stopped.
The Emperor Diocletian tried to bring stability back into government by dividing the Empire into sections.
These became the Western Empire which included Iberia, France, Southern Britain, Italy, North Africa and parts of Germany, and the Eastern Empire which included the Balkans, Turkey, the Levant and Egypt.
Rome ceased to be the capital from the time of the division.
In 286, the capital of the Western Roman Empire became Mediolanum (modern Milan).
In 402, the capital was again moved, this time to Ravenna.
The Fall of the Empire
This division did not help the Western Empire which came under increasing invasions from the north from the Ostrogoths, Huns, Franks, Visigoths, and Burgundians.
The armies were brought back towards Rome, abandoning England and France.
The economy could not cope: the increased need for military spending caused inflation.
The citizens were unhappy with rising taxes and rising prices.
In AD 398, Alaric and his Visigoths began making attacks closer and closer to the capital.
By 410 he had sacked the city of Rome.
In 455, the Vandals captured Rome.
In 476 the Goths captured the capital.
The fall of the Western Roman Empire took place in 476 AD when the leader of the Goths, Odoacer, removed Emperor Romulus.
He became King of Italy, and Roman control over the Empire in the west ended.
By this time the Western Empire existed in name only, the Emperor no longer could use military, financial or political power.
www.roman-empire.net
De Imperatoribus Romanis
Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.
The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal.
Ravenna once was the seat of the Western Roman Empire and later the Ostrogothic kingdom.
It is presently the capital of the province of Ravenna.
At 652.89 km² (252.08 sq mi), Ravenna is the second-largest comune in land area in Italy, although it is only a little more than half the size of the largest, Rome.
Chichester, United Kingdom
Dubrovnik, Croatia, since 1969
Speyer, Germany, since 1989
Tourism and culture Official website  (English)
Ravenna, A Study  (1913) by Edward Hutton, from Project Gutenberg
Catholic Encyclopedia: Ravenna's early history and its monuments
Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace Ravenna Pages   (photos)
Ravenna Photo Gallery  Pictures of the most important travel attractions in Ravenna
John of Ravenna
Pierfelice Ravenna, a botanist
Ravenna, a city in Italy and capital of the Province of Ravenna
Ravenna Calcio Italian football club based in Ravenna
Ravenna, Michigan
Ravenna, Nebraska
Ravena, New York, a village in Albany County
Ravenna, Texas
Ravenna Creek, a stream in Seattle, Washington
Ravenna, a neighborhood in Seattle
Ravenna Township, Michigan
Ravenna Township, Minnesota
Ravenna Training and Logistics Site, a military base near Ravenna, Ohio commonly known as the Ravenna Arsenal.
Ravenna (butterfly) is a genus of butterflies
Ravenna is also a poem by Oscar Wilde
The Ravenna Cosmography was a 7th century map of the known world.
"No Antenna In Ravenna" is also a song by Jason Trachtenburg of The Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players.
Social democracy is a government system that has similar values to socialism, but within a capitalist framework.
The ideology, named from democracy where people have a say in government actions, supports a competitive economy with money while also helping people whose jobs don't pay a lot.
This makes it easier for people to support themselves in society by having more protection if they lose their jobs.
Socialism places an emphasis on equal rights for everyone, and there is plenty of government ownership or regulation of various industries that make companies play by the government's rules.
This way of governing is appreciated by people living in countries who have to battle the cold more than others, like the northern Nordic countries of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Iceland.
The ideology's movement has seen some interest in other countries whose systems do not work this way, because it has worked well for those who have it.
Despite a common belief that social democracy is socialist by principle, its policies keep capitalism in place and socialists often dislike social democrats.
Social democrats support Keynesian economics, where the government should step in and help people without jobs.
In social democracy entrepreneurs own the industries just like they would in a standard capitalist economy.
In socialism the workers own them instead which is very different.
Practice versus theory
In practice no political theory works out in a simple way.
The Soviet Union and its various satellites are a good example.
The workers did not own either their place of work or their own homes, in any meaningful way.
Neither were capitalist systems empty of help for the poor and the needy.
A good example is England, where relief for the poor was available in every parish in the land, long before there were any government social services.
The practice was known as charity.
Also, Britain saw the growth of an important middle class after industrialisation took hold.
So it is not right to think of such societies as simply composed of owners and workers, or rich and poor.
Social democrats are divided in how they see their theory.
Terms like "market socialism" and "the third way" are efforts to rethink what social democracy means today.
The UEFA Europa League is a football tournament for teams that did not make the UEFA Champions League.
They qualify by being not the best in the country and not making the best competition.
For example in England, teams that finish after the first four teams can go to the Europa League.
There is another option, which if you finish 3rd in the UEFA Champions League Group Stage, you will qualify for the last 32 in the Europa League, and the 3rd option is when a club which being eliminated from the UEFA Champions League 3rd round (Into the UEFA Europa League Playoff Round).
In 2009, it was rebranded as the UEFA Europa League.
It was previously known as the UEFA Cup.
The winner of the UEFA Europa League plays the winner of the UEFA Champions League in the UEFA Super Cup.
The Competition Winners
Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920.
Then it was made part of Groß-Berlin (Greater Berlin) and turned into a borough.
As a part of the changes to the boroughs of Berlin in 2001 Charlottenburg was joined with Wilmersdorf to make the new borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.
In 2004, the new borough's districts were rearranged.
The former borough of Charlottenburg was divided into the localities of Westend, Charlottenburg-Nord and Charlottenburg.
In addition to that, Charlottenburg features a number of popular kiezes.
Charlottenburg is located along the river Spree within the Berlin-Warsaw glacial valley, west of the Tiergarten park.
The Straße des 17.
Juni (17th June Street), former Charlottenburger Chaussee, which runs through the park, connects it with the historic centre of Berlin.
Charlottenburg palace
Frederick had a summer residence built for his wife by the architect Johann Arnold Nering between 1695 and 1699.
In 1701, Frederick became the first Prussian King (Frederick I of Prussia), and he made the building much bigger
Just after the death of Sophie Charlotte, the village near the palace was called 'Charlottenburg' and the palace itself Schloss Charlottenburg, and the settlement was chartered as a town.
The king was the town's mayor until Lietzow was incorporated into Charlottenburg in 1720.
Frederick's successor, Frederick William I of Prussia, rarely stayed at the palace.
Frederick William even tried to end the town's privileges.
It was not until 1740, at the coronation of his successor Frederick II (Frederick the Great), that the town's became important again.
The eastern New Wing was built by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff between 1740 and 1747 as Frederick the Great's home.
Later, Frederick II preferred the palace of Sanssouci, which he had partly designed himself.
After the defeat of the Prussian army at Jena in 1806, Charlottenburg was occupied by the French.
Napoleon occupied the palace, while his troops camped nearby.
Recreational and residential area
In the late 18th century, Charlottenburg's development did not depend only on the crown.
The town became a recreational area for the expanding city of Berlin.
Its first real inn opened in the 1770s, in the street then called 'Berliner Straße' (now Otto-Suhr-Allee), and many other inns and beer gardens were to follow, popular for weekend parties especially.
, Linz,
, Trento, and
, Lewisham, South East London
Districts of Berlin
Magliaso is a municipality in the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Mairengo is a former municipality of the district Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Malvaglia is a former municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
On 1 April 2012 the former municipalities of  Ludiano, Malvaglia and Semione merged to form the new municipality of Serravalle.
The reservoir Bacino di Val Malvaglia is found above the village.
Manno is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Massagno is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Medeglia is a former municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
On 21 November 2010 the former municipalities of Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino merged to form the new municipality of Monteceneri.
Melide is a municipality  of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Web site of Swissminiatur
Wilmersdorf was a village near Berlin.
In 1920 Wilmersdorf became a borough of Greater Berlin Groß Berlin.
In 2001 it became a part of the new borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.
The Kurfürstendamm runs through the area.
The former borough of Wilmersdorf included the localities Halensee, Schmargendorf and Grunewald.
released their first two singles "Lee Remick" & "People Say" on it in 1978 and 1979.
Later, it allowed other Brisbane groups, The Numbers (later to become The Riptides), The Apartments and the Four Gods to make their own records using the Able Label logo.
Able Logo image
The Goosebumps series sometimes contained too much violence, so some American libraries disagreed with having the books there; the novels were fifteenth on the American Library Association's list of most frequently challenged books from 1990 to 1999.
After the series, many different spinoffs were made, also written by Stine, including Give Yourself Goosebumps and Goosebumps: Series 2000 which appeared in 1995 and 1998.
Two board games were created after the Goosebumps series, these were called "Terror in the Graveyard" and "Escape from Horrorland".
a 1996 PC game was also produced, entitled Goosebumps: Escape from Horrorland.
Front covers and most other Goosebumps-related art was done by artist Tim Jacobus, while the covers for the later Give Yourself Goosebumps series were digitally created by Craig White.
Azuli Records is an independent record label, focusing on house music and other forms of electronic dance music.
The label was founded by DJ Dave Piccioni in London, England in the early 1990s.
Electronic music record labels
1991 establishments in the United Kingdom
The town of Carluke is in the centre of the Scottish countryside in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, 5.4 miles North-West of Lanark and 5 miles South-East of Wishaw.
Many people in Carluke are commuters, with a variety of small stores and supermarkets available at the centre of the town.
Notable Figures
Three people who were born in the town have received the Victoria Cross.
The inventor of Slush Puppies previously stayed on a street in Carluke.
The famous ex-Motherwell striker Dougie Arnott lives in Carluke.
The Marvel Universe (MU) is a comic book fictional universe created by Marvel Comics.
The MU is where most of the main stories published by Marvel Comics takes place.
The MU is actually just one of an infinite number of different dimensions.
Each one can be called a Marvel universe, but the term is commonly used for just one.
This one is also called Earth-616 when looking at all the universes as a group.
The other universes vary from very similar to the Earth-616 universe to completely different.
This lets the writers create stories which have a large effect to the universe they take place in without affected the main universe used by all of the writers as a group.
Runaways is a Marvel Comics comic book series created by Brian K. Vaughan and Adrian Alphona.
The series is about a group of teenagers who try to make up for the evil done by their supervillain parents by becoming superheroes.
They are commonly called "the Pride's kids" or "those kids in L.A." by other characters in the Marvel Universe.
This is because the team does not have an official name and the most of Marvel's characters are in New York.
In February 2007, series creators Vaughan and Alphona stopped making Runaways at issue #24 of the second series.
In April 2007, long-time Runaways fan Joss Whedon (of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Angel and Firefly fame) will take over the series for 6 issues.
Marvel has said that Terry Moore, creator of Strangers in Paradise will take over after Whedon leaves, with Humberto Ramos on art.
Runaways was started in 2002 as part of Marvel Comics' "Tsunami" imprint.
After Marvel cancelled the Tsunami imprint in January 2003, the series moved to the "Marvel Age" imprint.
Because of this, the individual story arcs for "Runaways" are collected in small, manga-sized trade paperbacks.
The hardcover collections are in normal sized books.
In September 2004, the series ended at issue #18.
Marvel started the series again in February 2005 and it has been published ever since.
The series is not usual in that it does not use the ideas of superhero names, uniforms, and team names.
All the characters in the first series (except Alex) chose codenames, but they are used less and less throughout of vol.
In vol.
2, the codenames are mentioned once but never actually used.
Molly is the only character who makes a costume but it is made from old bedsheets and clothes.
She never wears the costume again after vol.
1 issue #8.
During battle, the runaways mainly fight in their street clothes and call each other by their given names or nicknames.
Also, the children never call themselves "The Runaways".
Their team simply goes without a name.
Other Marvel characters usually call the team "the Pride's kids" or "those kids in L.A."  Vaughan even makes fun of common superhero sayings such as "Hulk smash!"
or "Avengers assemble!"
when Nico tells Victor that the team's rallying call is "Try not to die."
Character histories
Nico Minoru - Daughter of evil wizards Robert and Tina Minoru.
Nico uses the mystical Staff of One to cast spells but she can only cast each spell one time.
When it is not being used, the Staff of One hides inside her body.
To make the Staff of One come out she must bleed.
She is the leader of the group in Volume 2.
Karolina Dean - Daughter of alien invaders Frank and Leslie Dean.
In her alien form she can fly, control solar energy to do many different things, and her skin glows with a rainbow-like light.
Molly Hayes - Daughter of evil telepathic mutants Gene and Alice Hayes.
She has super-strength and is very hard to hurt.
At first when she uses her powers get tired very quickly, but as she uses them more often, she does not get tired as quickly.
Chase Stein - Son of mad scientists Victor and Janet Stein.
He used a glove that could create and control fire and X-ray goggles stolen from his parents in vol.
Chase pilots the Leapfrog, the group's transport, in vol.
He also gets a telepathic and empathic link with Old Lace in vol.
Old Lace - Genetically engineered Deinonychus from the 87th century.
Old Lace was empathically linked to Gertrude, but is now linked with Chase and obeys his mental commands.
During vol.
1, Old Lace was thought to be a Velociraptor.
Alex Wilder - Son of organized crime bosses Geoffrey and Catherine Wilder.
Alex was the leader of the group in vol.
However it turns out that Alex was on the side of his parents instead of the Runaways.
He is killed along with all of the Runaways parents.
Gertrude Yorkes - Daughter of time-traveling criminals Dale and Stacey Yorkes.
She shared an empathic and telepathic link with Old Lace, however she transfers the link to Chase when she dies in volume 2.
Later members
Victor Mancha - Cyborg "son" of the android Avengers enemy Ultron.
Victor has electromagnetic powers similar to X-Men villain Magneto.
He can also create large electric blasts.
Xavin - Child of Skrull alien warlords.
He has all the powers of the Fantastic Four, but can only use them one at a time.
He also has the Skrull racial ability to change his form (Shapeshifting).
Klara Prast - a Swiss immigrant to America from 1907 and child bride of an abusive older man, can control the growth of plants
Runaways vol.
1 #1-18 (April 2003 - September 2004)
2 #1- (February 2005 -)
X-Men/Runaways (Free Comic Book Day 2006 offering)
Civil War: Young Avengers/Runaways (July 2006 - October 2006)
Daily Bugle: Civil War Edition
Runaways Saga (March 2007)
Runaways has been collected in the following digest-sized comic book collections trade paperbacks:
Runaways has also been collected in the following hardcovers:
Brian K. Vaughan's official site
Marvel Page on the Runaways
Runaways cover artist Jo Chen's official site
Comic Book DB Vol.1 page
Comic Book DB Vol.2 page
Comic Book DB X-Men/Runaways page
Comic Book DB Civil War: Young Avengers & Runaways page
Runaways at Merging Minds
Kreuzberg consists of two different parts, the southeastern 'SO 36' (or simply '36') part and the southwest 'SW 61' (or simply '61').
Until the Berlin Wall fell, these were the last two numbers of the postal codes for the two areas.
It was a separate borough from 1920, when it became a part of Groß-Berlin, until the borughs were changed in 2001.
Then it was joined with Friedrichshain to form the new borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg.
Since these two localities are linked only by a single bridge over the Spree river, the Oberbaumbrücke, this joining seemed awkward to many residents.
The two areas could not agree on where the new borough's town hall should be.
Friedrichshain was chosen by tossing a five-Mark coin.
Kreuzberg is known to many for numerous Turkish immigrants from eastern parts of Turkey, and the yearly May Day riots.
This is because before the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, Kreuzberg was isolated.
Its eastern parts were almost entirely surrounded by the Wall.
This area consequently had cheap rents and lower-income families as well as squatters from the radical left.
The western part of Kreuzberg also bordered onto the wall, and it was here where Checkpoint Charlie was.
Kreuzberg got its name is from its highest point, the Kreuzberg (literally, "cross hill").
It is of  above sea level.. The hill was a traditional place for weekend trips, and had a lot of small restaurants for the visitors.
The hill got its name from a monument built in 1821 by Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
It was to remember the wars against Napoleon I of France.
After 1860 industry began moving into Kreuzburg.
There was also an Exportviertel (export quarter) along Ritterstraße which had a lot of many profitable small businesses, and the "press quarter" along Kochstraße was the home of most of Germany's large newspapers as well as the Ullstein, Scherl, and Mosse book publishers.
Both of these industrial quarters were almost entirely destroyed during World War II, with the bombings of a single night from 3 February 1945.
To remember old tradition, the Axel Springer press company built its new headquarters at Kochstraße again, right next to the Berlin Wall.
After World War II, Kreuzberg's housing rents were regulated by law, which made investments unattractive.
As a result, housing was of low quality, but cheap, which made the borough a prime target for immigrants coming to Germany (and Berlin).
friedrichshain-kreuzberg.de, the website of the combined borough (in German)
Civil War was a large comic book story created by Marvel Comics.
The story was the main focus of a seven issue series that started in May 2006 and ended in February 2007.
It involved every major Marvel character and a large number of minor ones.
Nearly every main Marvel title during this time dealt with this story.
The story was about the United States dealing with an accident during a superhero battle that caused 613 deaths.
To prevent this from happening again, the government created the Superhero Registration Act (SRA).
This was a law that forced all people with superhuman powers to identify them self to the government.
Many superheroes believed this was a good thing and that it would save lives.
Others believed it was bad.
They felt that if the government knew who they were, they would be in danger of others finding out.
They believed that the SRA took away many of their freedoms.
This caused the superheros to split into two groups.
Those supporting the SRA were led by Iron Man.
Those against it were led by Captain America.
Many people have compared the story of Civil War to that of the United States after 9/11 and the Patriot Act.
Brunstad Conference Center (BCC) is a conference centre in Stokke, Vestfold in Norway.
The centre is owned and managed by the Christian fellowship called Den Kristelige menighet.
They are often called Smith's Friends.
The Smith's friends bought the farm at Brunstad near Stokke in Melsomvik in 1956.
The center was used for their own conferences.
In 2000 Smith's Friends, decided to let others use the building.
The old meeting hall which seated 4,700 was replaced by a new meeting hall, with space for 6,800 people, and a tent camp with over 600 caravan spots was fixed and replaced with just as many cabins, which were rented by the members of the church.
Maintenance and development of Brunstad is still done by volunteers.
During the building project and during arrangements, members are used as voluntary workers, or paid expenses.
Money for the expansion project came for the most from the effort from the "A-lag" (A-team), where the church's youth from all over the world participate and do voluntarily work.
BCC is now a modern location for events and conferences.
Brunstad has several restaurants, a cafeteria style restaurant, a large coffee bar, and a grocery store.
BCC got a lot of stories in the media in 2004 when BCC bought Østre Bolærne island from the Norwegian Military.
After a lot of media attention, BCC agreed to cancel the sale, and the town of Vestfold Fylkeskommune became the new owner.
Instead, BCC was able to buy property on Syningen in Hallingdal.
Every year one of the biggest shows at Brunstad Conference Center is the Arctic Equestrian Games, Norway's biggest horse show.
It was first held in February, 2006.
brunstad.org  The Christian Church on Brunstad, Stokke, Norway, Smith's Friends
bcc.no Brunstad Conference Center AS
Buildings and structures in Norway
John Stig Claesson (June 2, 1928 – January 4, 2008) was a Swedish writer and illustrator.
He also was known by his signature Slas.
Claesson was born on June 2, 1928 in Huddinge, south of Stockholm.
He went to the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts between 1947 and 1952, when he began to illustrate Swedish classical books such as those written by Per Anders Fogelström.
Claesson was the father of actor Leif Claesson.
Stig died on January 4, 2008 in Stockholm.
Obituary in the Dagens Nyheter (Swedish)
Swedish illustrators
Dagens Nyheter (DN) is a daily newspaper in Sweden.
Based in the town of Stockholm, it was started on 23 December 1864.
1864 establishments in Europe
Newspapers published in Sweden
19th-century establishments in Sweden
Chihuahua state government
Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom are part of the National Health Service (NHS) systems.
They are run by local ambulance services, known in England and Wales as trusts.
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have one ambulance service each; the Scottish Ambulance Service (a Special Health Board), the Welsh Ambulance Service, and the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service.
England is divided into ten regional ambulance services.
Job of the Ambulance Services
Emergency calls to 999 (or 112)
Urgent calls from a doctor to send someone to hospital
Urgent calls from a hospital to move a patient to another facility
Major incidents
The ambulance services have getting more and more busy.
There has been a big increase in the number calls in the last two decades, as shown in the table below:
The ambulance service's work has also been getting more complicated.
In the past, the main job of an ambulance was to take people to hospital.
This led to ambulance services being nicknamed the "Big White Taxi Service".
Nowadays, ambulance staff do far more treatment with the patient.
It is now common for patients to be left at home after being treated.
A similar service is 111.
This is a phone number for non-emergency medical advice.
Many ambulance services employ the staff who answer 111 calls.
In some cases, an ambulance may be sent to a 111 call if it is found to be more serious than expected.
Ambulance trusts may also carry out non-urgent patient transport services.
This is done through a business agreement with local healthcare organisations.
This service is free for patients to use.
In some place private companies do this job instead, but it can be a big source of money for the trusts.
Ambulance services
Before 1974 local councils would run the ambulance service.
In 1974, they were merged into larger agencies that covered one or more counties.
On 1 July 2006 the number of ambulance trusts fell from 29 to 13 and they were replaced by regional services.
Each of the 9 government regions of England are covered by a single NHS ambulance trust, with the exception of the South East region.
This region is split between the South Central and South East Coast ambulance trusts, while the Isle of Wight has a special arrangement in which local hospitals provide the ambulance service.
The Scottish Ambulance Service is a Special Health Board funded directly by the Health Department of the Scottish Government.
In 2006 the service answered over 520,000 emergency calls.
Scotland also has Britain's only government-funded Air Ambulance service.
It has two Eurocopter EC 135 helicopters (based in Glasgow & Inverness) and two Beechcraft B200C King Air planes (based at Glasgow & Aberdeen).
The Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust (Welsh:Ymddiriedolaeth GIG Gwasanaethau Ambiwlans Cymru) was set up on April 1, 1998 and has 2,500 staff providing ambulance and related services to the 2.9 million residents of Wales.
Central and West Region based at Ty Maes Y Gruffudd, Cefn Coed Hospital, Cockett, Swansea
North Region based at H.M.Stanley Hospital, St Asaph, Denbighshire
South-East Region based at Caerleon House, Mamhilad Park Estate, Pontypool
Private Ambulance Services
Private ambulance services are becoming more common in the UK.
They often provide medical cover at large events, either with, or instead of the voluntary sector providers.
Some organisers use a private firm instead of a voluntary ambulance service because of wider availability during the week (sometimes difficult for a voluntary service to cover) or for a wider range of skills, such as provision of qualified Paramedics.
The most common use for private ambulances is for non-urgent patient transport.
Many trusts and hospitals have chosen to use a private company for these tasks.
NHS ambulance services may also pay the private ambulances to answer some of their 999 calls.
Voluntary Ambulance Services
In most of the United Kingdom, the main voluntary ambulance services are the British Red Cross and St John Ambulance.
In Scotland, the main voluntary ambulance is St Andrew's First Aid.
The Order of Malta Ambulance Corps.
can sometimes be found in Northern Ireland also.
These groups have been providing both emergency and non-emergency medical cover in the UK for over 120 years, including active service in both World Wars.
This is before any government organised service.
They may also treat and transport certain categories of patient to hospital, although for more serious incidents, such as cardiac arrest it is likely that they would call on the ambulance service.
This is arranged through agreements with the local ambulance service.
Both organisations also provide 'reserve' or 'support' cover to some, though not all, of the ambulance trusts (dependent on the local MOU), where ambulance crews from one of the organisations (who are usually volunteers, but in some instances may be paid staff) will attend 999, GP Urgent or PTS calls on behalf of the ambulance trust.
In these cases the organisation is paid by the trust.
This service is most often called on during major incidents, when there is a high level of staff absence or when there is an unusually high call volume, although in some areas, voluntary crews are regularly used to supplement full-time trust cover.
Air Ambulances in the United Kingdom
Blues and twos
Fire service in the United Kingdom
Former UK Ambulance Services
British Association for Immediate Care (BASICS)
East Midlands Ambulance Trust Official Website
East Anglia Ambulance Trust Official Website
Great Western Ambulance Trust Official Website
London Ambulance Trust Official Website
North East Ambulance Trust Official Website
North West Ambulance Trust Official Website
South East Coast Ambulance Trust Official Website
South Western Ambulance Trust Official Website
West Midlands Ambulance Trust Official Website
Yorkshire Ambulance Trust Official Website
Scottish Ambulance Service Official Website
Public administration has two meanings.
First it means putting into action government policy.
Second, academics study this, and prepare civil servants for working in the public service (the non-political part of the government).
Public administration helps improve management and improve policies so that government can work better.
Public administrators manage public programs, translate politics into the programs and services that citizens use every day.
In universities, professors of public administration study government decision making, analyze policies, and think about how to improve policies and programs.
The Institute of Public Administration of Canada
Hong Kong Public Administration Association
National Institute of Public Administration - Europe/Portugal
EAPAA European Association for Public Administration Accreditation
EGPA European Group of Public Administration
NISPAcee Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe
EUPAN European Public Administration Network
EPSA European Public Service Award
Dutch Association for Public Administration (In Dutch)
Public Administration starting page  (In Dutch)
Indian Institute of Public Administration
University of the Philippines - National College of Public Administration and Governance
National School of Public Administration, Warsaw, Poland
Faculty of Political Science - Public Administration (Turkey)
How to be a civil servant under the British or Westminster system
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
American Society for Public Administration
National Academy of Public Administration
National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration
Smith,  Kevin B. and Licari, Michael J. Public Administration - Power and Politics in the Fourth Branch of Government,
European Space Agency or ESA (ESA; , ASE) is an international organisation with 22 member countries.
Its job is to explore space.
Its headquarters are in Paris, France.
ESA has a staff of more than 2,000 with an annual budget of about €4.43 billion / US$5.51 billion (2015).
human spaceflight,
the launch and operations of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon,
Earth observation.
running a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana,
designing launch vehicles.
ESA website
Space agencies
Management means directing and controlling a group of people or an organization to reach a goal.
Management often means the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.
In other word Management can also mean the person or people who manage, the managers.
European Management is specifically defined by academic Andreas M. Kaplan as a cross-cultural, societal management approach based on interdisciplinary principles.
Association of Professionals in Business Management (APBM)
Management Courses  at MIT Sloan, OpenCourseWare
Research on Organizations: Bibliography Database and Maps
(United States) Academy of Management: dedicated to the scholarship and practice of management
Institute of Certified Professional Managers
The Republic of Texas was a sovereign state in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to 1845.
It was started on March 2 1836, when the people living in Texas declared themselves independent from Mexico.
The Mexican army led by Santa Anna marched into Texas and attacked the new country.
However the Mexican army was defeated and Santa Anna was captured at a battle near the site of Houston.
The new republic did not have an easy time.
It did not have a proper government, or any money.
Its borders were often raided by Mexico, and there was fighting between the settlers and the Native Americans.
The US government did not recognize the Republic of Texas.
In 1841, Santa Anna again became president of Mexico and the border attacks increased.
By this time, thousands of new settlers had moved into Texas, and people in the US supported the people of Texas.
The idea of annexation of Texas into the US became popular.
Former countries in North America
1836 establishments in North America
1845 disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in North America
History of Texas
The IMT only held one trial before disagreements between the four wartime allies stopped the series of trials that were planned.
The four countries occupying Germany carried on with trials of many people in their own zone of occupation.
Twelve that were held by the United States are the most famous of these rials.
They involved the some of the most important people to be prosecuted after the 24 Major War Criminals.
The twelve US trials in front of the Nuremberg Military Tribunal took place from December 9, 1946 to April 13, 1949.
The trials were:
Threats of invasion
Schuschnigg realised that his new ministers were trying to take over from him.
To get support, Schuschnigg allowed socialists and communists to appear in public again.
The parties had been banned on 12 February 1934, during the Austrian Civil War.
The communists said that they supported the Austrian government.