the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The word match can have many meanings:
Match, a tool for producing fire
One or more games, played between a number of players, or teams
A marriage, or other relationship, which may be arranged by a matchmaker
A lighter is a tool that can produce a flame, on demand.
It is made of a plastic or metal container, which contains a flammable liquid or gas.
There is also a means of producing the flame, and extinguishing it, when it is no longer needed.
One of the first lighters was developed by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1823.
The lighter was produced until around 1880.
The lighter was named Döbereiner's lamp.
There is often an electric cigarette lighter in cars.
When the lighter button is pushed in, a metal heating element is connected to the car's 12 volt electricity supply, and it heats up to a high temperature.
The lighter is then removed from the socket and the element is used to light the tip of a cigarette.
The socket that the lighter goes in can also be used to power mobile phones and other electronics, and the term "cigarette lighter" is now commonly used to refer to this type of connector even when not being used to light a cigarette.
Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actor and singer.
She was born in Washington, D.C. and moved to Mill Valley, California at age eight.
She acted in the movie Alvin and the Chipmunks 2.
She played Pamela in Alice Upside Down in 2007, and Kristen Gregory in the movie version of The Clique.
She also guest starred in Disney Channel Original Series' JONAS  and played Juliet Van Heusen on Wizards of Waverly Place.
She plays Teddy Duncan in the Disney Channel Original Series Good Luck Charlie" and she also played Olivia White on Lemonade Mouth.''
Actors from Marin County, California
Shake-table in earthquake engineering is a very effective experimental equipment to verify seismic performance associated with the direct damage to individual buildings or their models under specified ground shaking.
The best way to do it is to put a structure on a shake-table that simulates the earth shaking and to watch what may happen next (if you have no time to stand out in the field and wait for a real earthquake to strike).
Earthquake vibration control videos
Chiniot District () is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
About 1.5 milion people live there.
Chiniot is on the bank of River Chenab, and is famous for its furniture industry, and it sells furniture to other places.
Its workers are very good at woodwork.
"Como La Flor" ("Like The Flower") is a song by American singer Selena.
The song was written by Selena's brother, A.B. Quintanilla III.
A former Selena y Los Dinos member, Pete Astudillo, co-wrote the song.
It was on her third album, Entre A Mi Mundo (1992).
The song talks about a sad woman who is hurting because she has lost her boyfriend and she is explaining how it hurts to lose his love but she is saying that his love was like a flower that has dried up and died.
As he says goodbye he takes her heart with him she hopes someday some other woman  or his new woman will give him what he is looking for.
The song was released in the United States and Mexico in October 1992.
It was the third single off of the album, following "La Carcacha" ("The Jalopy").
It was the lead single in both countries.
The single reached number-one on the Mexican Singles Chart and the MonitorLatino charts.
This gave Selena her first number-one song as a solo artist.
Despite the success, a music video was not produced. "
Como La Flor" helped Selena to be accepted into Mexico.
She toured there for the first time after the single peaked at number-one. "
Como La Flor" also became one of her signature songs.
Various recording artists worldwide have since made their own versions of "Como La Flor", some being non-Hispanic.
The song was nominated for several awards at the Tejano Music Awards and the Premio Lo Nuestro awards.
It has been certified Diamond in Mexico and Gold in Argentina.
It remains one of Selena's most popular songs.
Production and background
"Como La Flor" was recorded in Q-Productions in Corpus Christi, Texas.
Selena's brother, A.B. Quintanilla III had written the song during Selena's Ven Conmigo Tour (1990-92).
Pete Astudillo, a former back-up dancer for Selena y Los Dinos, had helped writing the song.
A family friend, Brian "Red" Moore, remixed the song after it was recorded.
Quintanilla had wanted to write a song about a sad woman whose ex-boyfriend is in love with another women and wants him back.
The message of the song was to show people that you should love your partner if they truly love you back.
The song compares love to a flower, which needs love and care.
The band had wanted to write a song that can help Selena crossover into Mexico.
After the song was played in radio stations, Selena was in constant demand in venues across Mexico.
She had performed to several record-breaking audience records in Mexico.
She was also the biggest act in the Tejano market during her tour.
Selena was declared "Una artista del pueblo" ("An Artist of The People") when she had arrived in Mexico.
The song was also covered among young children in Mexico, who competed in several "Selena look-alike" competitions.
"Como La Flor" was released in the United States and Mexico as the lead single for the album Entre A Mi Mundo (1992) on October 4, 1992.
It was the second single to be released from Entre A Mi Mundo (1992). "
Como La Flor" was positioned at number ten on the Mexican Singles Chart, when it was released.
It was also at number ten on the US Latin Regional Mexican Airplay chart.
The song peaked at number-one on the Mexican Singles Chart on November 22.
It knocked off Luis Miguel's song "Inólvidable" from the number-one spot.
The song remained at number-one for eight weeks, breaking Tejano artist Emilio Navaira's record.
The song also peaked at number-one on MonitorLatinos Top 20 Latin Hits the following year.
"Como La Flor" peaked at number nine on the Latin Regional Mexican Airplay chart on April 15, 1995.
It also peaked at number four on the Latin Songs Airplay chart on December 27.
The remix version found on Dreaming of You (1995), peaked at number seventeen on the Italian Singles Chart.
The song peaked at number eleven on the Spanish Singles Chart.
In Mexico, the single was certified Diamond for selling over 80,000 copies in 1994.
In 2005, the single was certified Diamond in digital sales.
In Argentina, the single was certified Gold for selling over 50,000 copies.
In 2005, the single was certified Gold in digital sales.
"Como La Flor" was nominated for "Song of the Year" and "Single of the Year" at the 1993 Tejano Music Awards.
The song was also nominated for "Pop Ballad of the Year" at the 1994 Premio Lo Nuestro awards.
The single was also nominated for the same two categories at the following Tejano Music Awards.
Quintanilla, was nominated for "Songwriter of the Year" at the 1994 Tejano Music Awards.
Raúl Manuel Rodríguez of El Dictamen said that "Selena displayed an instinctive voice on catchy melodies".
He also said that "Como La Flor" helped build awareness for Selena and her band.
He also stated that the song "best fits with Mexico" because of its Tejano sounds.
Victoria Díaz of Grupo Reforma, believed that the song was one of the biggest hits in Tejano history.
She also said that "Como La Flor" helped younger people to like Tejano music, which was never done before.
She finished her rating with a 5 out of 5 score.
Carmen Lopez of Novedades de México, stated that "Como La Flor" showcases Selena's "exotic voice".
Lopez also stated that the song was given positive responses from fans when it was released.
She ended her review with "[...] a song that will never die".
Antonio Morales of Gringo Gazette, liked the song's message and meaning.
Morales also reported that "Como La Flor" is a "dance-cumbia song that is contagious when you hear it".
Castro Fernando, of ¡Alarma!
wrote that the song surpassed expectations when it was released onto radio stations.
Esmeralda Rivera of Nuestro Diario, praised the songs rhythms.
Daniel Rodriguez of Grupo Reforma, believed Jennifer Lopez's performance was "incredible" while also stating that in the movie "[...] she captures Selena's every dance move precisely".
Ramiro Burr of San Antonio Express-News stated that "songs such as "Baila Esta Cumbia," "La Carcacha," "Como La Flor" and "Amor Prohibido" had that instant appeal (liking), that memorable melodic hook that had everyone dancing".
Cathy Ragland of Austin American Statesman, stated that "Como La Flor" was one of Selena's popular songs.
Entre A Mi Mundo Tour
Selena always had performed "Como La Flor" first in her concerts.
The song became Selena's opening song for two years.
At the Amor Prohibido Tour (1994-95), "Como La Flor" was performed as the last song.
The song was always performed in every venue.
Selena performed the song on the Veronica Castro Show in September 1993.
She had wore a black-stylish pants with golden chains she had designed.
She also wore her signature bras.
On October 3, 1993, Selena had performed "Como La Flor" to a crowd of 40,000 in her hometown.
The following day, she performed the song during the Lo Nuestros Awards ceremony in Miami, Florida.
On the following three days, Selena performed the song in a Austin, Texas concert.
She performed to a crowd of 100,000.
The next day, she performed the song in San Antonio, Texas to a crowd of 78,000.
Selena also performed the song at the 1993 Tejano Music Awards.
The following week, Selena performed the song at the Houston Astrodome to a record-breaking audience.
The next day, she performed the song at the Furia Musical Show.
Selena performed "Como La Flor" once more in her hometown in December 1992.
The following two days, she had performed the song for a free concert she had organized.
The free concert was held in Corpus Christi.
The free concert was for an upcoming live album that was to be released in 1993.
The concert Selena had performed, was another record-breaking audience.
Selena performed "Como La Flor" in Houston, Texas on January 12, 1994 to a crowd of over 100,000.
The following two days, she performed the song in Denver, Colorado to a crowd of over 87,000.
The following week, she had performed the song in Los Angeles, California to over 60,000 fans.
The following day, she had performed the song in North Hollywood, California.
From February 21-27, 1994, Selena performed the song at a Monterrey, Mexico tour, each averaging from 100,000-200,000 fans.
On March 10, 1994, she had performed the song at the Houston Astrodome to another record-breaking audience.
The concert out performed  country stars such as George Strait, Vince Gill and Reba McEntire.
In March she was the lead act at Miami's Calle Ocho Festival, which attracted over 100,000 fans.
In June 1994, she performed the song at the 1994 Festival Acapulco in Mexico to a record-breaking 300,000 audience.
The song was performed at Selena's most famous concert at the Houston Astrodome on February 26, 1995, which broke the record audience record once more.
Selena performed the song seven more times before she was killed.
A music video was not produced.
However, a music video was done for "La Carcacha".
After the Selena movie was released, a promotional video of "Como La Flor" was released.
The video had Jennifer Lopez, who was portraying "Selena" in the movie, singing to a crowd.
The concert was one of Selena's record-breaking audience of 300,000 fans in Mexico.
The promotional video used a softer (slower) version of "Como La Flor".
The video was shown on Spanish-language television channels for two years.
US Promo Single (1992)
"Como La Flor" - 3:49
US Single (1993)
"La Carcacha" - 3:36
"Como La Flor (Radio Edit)" - 3:22
Mexico Single (1992)
Mexico Promo Single (1993)
American Idol runner-up singer David Archuleta had covered the song during his tour.
He also covered the song at the 2010 Tejano Music Awards.
Phuong Thanh, recorded the song in Vietnamese.
Kelly Hensen, recorded the song in Dutch.
Baby Karen, covered the song in raggaeton.
At the Selena ¡VIVE!
tribute concert, the song was performed at the grand finale.
It had all the singers (who had done a cover that night) coming together and singing along with Selena.
Also, a 55-member children's choir sang along to the song as well.
Selena songs
Songs written by A.B. Quintanilla
Spanish-language songs
As spyware has turned into a worse threat, a number of ways to get rid of spyware have been used to remove it.
These include programs designed to remove or to block spyware, as well as various user practices which reduce the chance of getting spyware on a system.
Nonetheless, spyware remains a costly problem.
When a large number of pieces of spyware have infected a Windows computer, the only way to get rid of them may involve backing up user data, and fully reinstalling the operating system.
For instance, some versions of Vundo cannot be completely removed by Microsoft, PC Tools, Symantec and others because it infects Internet Explorer, and Windows' lsass.exe (Local Security Authority Subsystem Service) with a randomly-filenamed dynamic link library (or dll).
These can be very helpful.
en:Spyware#Remedies and prevention
Thul  is an administrative subdivision of Jacobabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan.
The subdivision is administratively divided into 19 Union Councils, two of which form the capital, Thul.
It is about  south of Tokyo.
It was the functioning capital of Japan during the Kamakura period (1203-1333).
In 1250, Kamakura was the 4th largest city in the world with 200,000 people.
The other two large cities in Japan at this time were Kyoto and Nara.
Today, Kamakura is famous as an upper-class area for people to live.
This is because of the history and because it is close to the mountains and the sea.
1192 (Kenkyū 3, 12th day of the 7th month): Kamakura Shogunate founded by Minamoto no Yoritomo
1252 (Kenchō 4): Large bronze statue of Buddha is completed.
1293 (Einin 1, 4th month): A severe earthquake; fatalities in Kamakura were estimated to be 10,000 people.
1923 (Taishō 12): Sagami Bay was the center of the Great Kantō earthquake.
The disaster caused widespread damage in the region.
Fatalities in Kamakura were more than 2,000 victims.
Kamakura has many Buddhist temples.
The huge outdoor bronze statue of Buddha at Kamakura is world famous.
Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū Shinto shrine
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine is one of the three major Hachimangu located in Kamakura.
It is the most popular spot in Kamakura, especially, Yabusame in September is very famous.
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu was built in 1063 and became the capital and center of Kamakura Government established by Minamoto no Yoritomo.
Turugaoka Hachiman-gu has many beautiful maple and ginkgo trees.
In autumn, the vew at this shrine is nice.
In June, hydrangeas grow.
Many temples have beautiful gardens of hydrangeas.
The Hase temple is the most well-known of these temples.
Nice in France
Dunhuang in the People's Republic of China
Rudyard Kipling poem, "The Buddha at Kamakura", 1892
Kamakura's Daibutsu
Kamakura's History - Chronological table
1192 establishments
1190s establishments in Japan
Concepción was founded by Pedro de Valdivia in 1550 north of the Bío-Bío River, at the site which is today known as Penco.
At that time it was given the name Concepción del Nuevo Extremo.
The new settlement of Concepción was just a few kilometers north of La Frontera (The Frontier), the boundary between Spanish territory and the land of the Mapuche, an American Indian ethnic group that remained independent until the 1870s.
The settlement was formally recognized by the Spanish authorities as a town two years later by a royal decree.
It was given a coat-of-arms that is still in use today.
27 February 2010 Earthquake
On February 27, 2010, an 8.8 magnitude earthquake struck the city of Concepción, killing more than 700 people and injuring thousands nationwide.
Following the earthquake, geologists relying on global positioning satellite (GPS) data concluded that the city had been displaced roughly 3 meters (10 feet) to the west as a result of the event.
Fortunately, the city avoided the tsunami that followed the earthquake.
The climate of Concepción is classified as Köppen climate classification csb, with a dry summer nadir in February.
It has an oceanic influence which keeps temperatures mild throughout the year.
Wet snows are possible in winter, but snow does not remain for long.
To an outsider, there may be confusion between the demonyms of the inhabitants of Concepción and the nearby city of Penco.
Due to the previous location of Concepción being where Penco currently stands, inhabitants of Concepción are called penquistas while inhabitants of Penco are known as pencones.
cepción has the second largest concentration of universities in Chile, and is home to three major universities.
Concepción currently has four traditional universities:
Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María
Universidad del Bío-Bío.
La Plata, Argentina
Monterrey, Mexico
Cascavel, Brazil
Minnesota, USA
Ida Stevenson Weldon Vernon (1969) Pedro de Valdivia, Conquistador of Chile, Greenwood Press
John Milton Nickles, Marie Siegrist (1965) Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, v.28
Concepción municipality
El Sur, newspaper of Concepción
Viveconce, Event schedule of Concepción
Octava, Website directory
HelloChile - Spanish tutoring and tourism in and around the city of Concepción, Information in English about the Chilean life and places to visit
Municipal Library of Concepción
WorldFlicks in Concepción (Chile): Photos and places on Google Maps
Concepción in the Encyclopedia Britannica
In the physical sciences, mass and weight are different.
The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter in the object.
Weight is a measure of the force on the object caused by a gravitational field.
In other words, weight is how hard gravity pulls on an object.
This means the mass of an object will remain at wherever it is on the earth's surface, but if it is moved from the equator to the North Pole, its weight will grow by 0.5% because of the increase in the earth's gravitational field.
Mass is measured in kilograms or pounds.
A one-liter volume of water has a mass of one kilogram.
Weight is measured in newtons, the standard unit for force.
A one-kilogram mass placed on  a bench presses down on the bench with almost ten newtons of force.
The weight of something is the value measured at the Earth's surface.
For almost all of human history weight has been measured on the surface of the Earth.
As a consequence it is common practice to use the two words, mass and weight, as if they mean the same thing, and to use kilograms or pounds as the units for both mass and weight.
Generally, mass refers to how "heavy" something is.
However, mass is really an inertial property; that is, the tendency of an object to remain at constant velocity unless acted upon by an outside force.
According to Newton's second law of motion, as expressed in the formula an object with a mass, m, of one kilogram will accelerate, a, at one meter per second per second (about one-tenth the acceleration due to Earth's gravity) when acted upon by a force, F, of one newton.
Feeling the difference
It is possible to feel the difference between weight and mass by suspending an object with a mass of over ten kilograms on a rope with a length of two or more meters.
If a person pushes upwards against the underneath of the object with one finger they will feel the weight of the object.
If they push momentarily against the side of the suspended object with one finger they will feel the mass of the object. (
It is important that they do not push the object sideways far enough to begin to raise it.)
Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) is a free antivirus software created by Microsoft that provides protection against computer viruses, rootkits, spywares, and trojans for Windows XP.
MSE x86 (32-bit) replaces Windows Live OneCare, a commercial subscription-based antivirus service and the free Windows Defender, which only protected users from adware and spyware.
It is geared for consumer use, unlike Microsoft's upcoming enterprise-oriented product Microsoft Forefront.
Down By Law is a punk rock band made in or around 1990.
Frontman Dave Smalley of "Dag Nasty" fame teamed up with the members of "Chemical People" for their first album and went through many changes all around over the years.
Starting on Epitaph records with their first self called LP, DBL continued on Epitaph until "Last of the Sharpshooters" in 1997.
A brief stint on Go Kart Records saw the release of "Fly the Flag", and now with their newest release of "Windward Tides and Wayward Sails" in 2003 finds them on Union Label Group.
Bhagat Singh ( — 23 March 1931) was an Indian socialist and a revolutionary.
He is considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Indian Independence Movement.
Singh was born to Vidyavati Kaur and Sardar Kishan Singh, in a Sikh Jat family on 28 September 1907 in Lyallpur, Punjab in British India.
His family had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities against the British Raj.
His uncle Swaran Singh had participated in the freedom struggle against the British.
When in 1907, an another uncle of Bhagat, Ajit Singh was arrested and exiled to Rangoon in Burma (Myanmar), Swaran asked the people of Punjab to force the government for his release and due to his efforts Ajit Singh was released from Rangoon jail in October 1907.
After coming back from jail, Ajit Singh decided to start a major revolt against the British.
He began agitating the farmers and peasants to start a movement against them.
The movement called 'Pagdi Sambhal Jatta' was launched in 1908.
The British came to know of his intentions and arrested him on 13 January 1911, when he was attending the Lohri festival celebration at his relative's house.
In February, Ajit Singh escaped from jail and ran away home, only to inform about his planning to start a mass struggle abroad India.
Ajit Singh bid farewell to his family and fled to Iran in March.
In 1912, Bhagat joined the District Primary School in Lyallpur and recieved his elementary education there till class 5th.
In 1917 his family shifted to Lahore for his higher education.
In Lahore, he was admitted to the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (D.A.V) School, and he received rest of his elementary education from there.
When he was in 8th standard, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (13 April 1919) took place.
The very next day (on 14 April) he went to the bagh telling at his home that he was going to school.
After running about 12 miles from Lahore, Bhagat reached Amritsar.
At 2 pm, as Bhagat entered the bagh's compound he saw blood scattered all over the ground.
The turbans and torn clothes of panic-stricken people laid lifeless on the ground.
The walls of the compound were red with blood.
As it was curfew in Punjab those days, the blood hadn't been cleaned.
Bhagat had taken a glass bottle with him before leaving from home.
He took a handful of blood-stained soil and put it in the bottle.
He reached home and put the bottle infront of the Sikh gurus potrait and prayed to him for peace and solace for the victims of the massacre and he pledged to teach the British a lesson.
In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-cooperation movement to encourage a mass protest against the British and to boycott their trade in India and to end their cooperation with the British rule.
Many people joined the movement and discarded the use of foreign goods and clothes.
The people boycotted schools and colleges.
The factories, industries, shops & hospitals run by government were all boycotted.
Many students also left British schools and joined Indian schools.
Bhagat Singh also actively participated in the movement.
He along with a group of people used to burn foreign clothes publicly and used to boycott foreign schools, he was only 14 years old.
In February 1922, In Chauri Chaura village of Gorakhpur in United Provinces, Non violent actvists of the town lead a march to a nearby liquor shop to picket it.
Some policemen beated down activists.
The protesters became angry and they burnt down the police station where the policemen were hidden killing all 22 policemen inside.
Mahatma Gandhi was shocked to hear about the incident and he halted the non- cooperation movement realizing that the people had still not understood the message of non-violent protest against the British.
This created much chaos around the common people as they thought that if Gandhi had not suspended the movement they would have easily gained freedom.
Bhagat also came to know of this.
He also was equally shocked about halting of the movement.
He ran away from he to go to Chauri Chaura but his father soon came to know of it and stopped him at Bathinda.
In 1923, He joined the National College in Lahore.
There he studied as well took part in many extracurricular activities.
In August 1923, an essay competition was held at the college by Punjab Hindi Sahitya Sammelan.
The topic was to write about any of the special acknowledgements about Punjab.
Bhagat Singh wrote an essay on the following topic:
In late October, he had organized a show for the governor of Punjab.
When the governor Edward Douglas Maclagan arrived the theatre.
The Indian people present there did not do anything in respect of the governor.
They treated him very casually.
He became so angry with the irrespective treating that he walked out of the theatre, but Bhagat Singh didn't mind and performed the show infront of the citizens of his motherland.
He was inspired by the Russian revolutionaries who believed that armed revolt can only bring freedom.
His first act which brought to notice was that occured in March 1924.
It is said that one of his friend's bullock cart driver was beaten harshly by some English officials as the sign the outside the office of the officials read - 'Indians are not allowed'.
He took revenge and along with Sukhdev he attacked the officials car and beated them with clubs and sticks and escaped unnoticed in the night.
In April, his father asked him to get married for which he refused.
His father pressurised him for it, so one night, he quietly left his home for going to Kanpur.
Before leaving he wrote a letter to his father:
Bhagat Singh worked for Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi in the newspaper Pratap Press in Kanpur for some months.
Then he met Chandra Shekhar Azad and they began to work together for freedom struggle.
In early 1925, his father called him home as his mother was very ill.
He wrote to him for coming home, promising he would not force him to get married:
In March 1925, he accepted his father's wish returned to Lyallpur but had to soon escape from there as police had came to know of his whereabouts.
He went to Delhi and started publishing the Daily Veer Arjun Newspaper for 6 months.
In October, he returned to Kanpur to free the Kakori prisoners who had been arrested after the train robbery in Kakori (9 August) along with their leader Ram Prasad Bismil.
The prisoners were temporarily kept in Kanpur Station Cell before being shifted to different Central Jails.
On 22 November, along with Azad, Bhagat went to the Station Cell unnoticed and broke the lockups and freed one their comrade but the police soon arrived there and they had to run away.
Thus the plan failed.
In March 1926, he organized the Naujawan Bharat Sabha to encourage the young men of his country to fight for there freedom.
He began to address big public meetings and asked them to overthrow the British rule from India.
He also took the help of Dramatics Society for the purpose of spreading his message.
On 16 March 1927, Singh ordered a felt hat from an Italian Textile factory Giusippe Cambiaghi.
The hat costed him ₹ 57.
The highest price of a hat at that time.
On 16 October, when the Dussehra festival fair was held in Lahore Maidan.
At 7:10 pm a bomb exploded in crowded section of Maidan when the Ramleela procession was being taken out.
About 10 people died in this explosion and about five times of that were injured.
People rushed out of the Maidan to save their lives.
Next day, The Tribune was published as follows-
The British Government took advantage of the incident and arrested Bhagat on the pretext that he was involved in the bomb incident on 29 May 1927.
The real reason for his arrest was to stop him from addressing people to unite against the British rule.
He became involved in numerous revolutionary activities.
He quickly gained prominence in the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and became one of its chief leaders.
Eventually, the name of the organization was changed to Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) on 9 September 1928.
A Commission known as Simon Commission was appointed by the British Government to look after the administration of India for further political reforms.
The commission which reached India on 3 February 1928 decided to tour the whole India to gain the first hand information of the condition of the administration.
But there were no Indians in the commission, this angered many Indian political leaders who lead protests against the commission.
The Commission reached Lahore on 30 October 1928.
The protest march was lead by Lala Lajpat Rai.
As the members of commission got down from the train at Lahore Railway Station.
The protesters began yelling 'Simon Go Back', soon the protest turned violent and the police had to resort to lathi charge to stop the protest.
The SP of Lahore James A. Scott began to beat Lalaji with a baton.
Lalaji became wounded from the batoning but he continued to yell 'Simon Go Back...Simon Go Back...Simon Go Back...' Lalaji was wounded and he fell to the ground, before he fell he is said to have announced:
18 days later, Lalaji succumbed to his wounds.
Bhagat Singh who was also in the protest march was the witness to this incident and decided to take revenge.
To avenge this, Bhagat made a plan by calling a meeting at Mozang House (an HSRA hideout).
On the night, of 10 December the plan to kill the SP Scott was made.
Jaigopal was asked to keep a watch on Scott for five days and report the time to fix for execution of plan.
On 15 December, the last meeting was held in which Sukhdev presented a map of the Police Headquarters of Lahore where Scott used to work.
Bhagat and Rajguru were chosen to execute the plan.
Jaigopal was told to signal Bhagat and Rajguru as he sees Scott coming out of the office.
The plan was now ready to be executed.
On 17 December, Bhagat along with Rajguru & Chandrashekhar Azad went to the area of Police Headquarters.
Bhagat and Rajguru hid behind a tree nearby.
Jaigopal also came riding on his bicycle and acted as he was repairing it to wait for Scott.
On 1620 hours, as another police officer ASP Saunders came out of the office Jaigopal mistook him for Scott and signaled Bhagat and Rajguru.
As soon as Saunders approached the tree near the office Rajguru came out and shot him in the head which wounded him and Bhagat shot thrice in his chest and killed him.
The traffic inspector Fern who was standing there controlling the traffic saw them running and started chasing them.
Bhagat fired at Fern but he ducked down to prevent the shot and thus the shot missed.
The four then escaped through the D.A.V college backdoor to arranged safehouses.
The rest of the matter of the poster contained the motives behind the murder of the officer and warning given to the Intelligence Department and Bureaucracy.
It was signed by Balraj (a pseudonym of Chandrashekhar Azad).
When the news of Saunder's murder reached the British government in Lahore.
The government launched a search operation in the whole of Lahore.
The CID was asked to keep a watch on every person departing and arriving in Lahore.
On 18 and 19 December many people were arrested on suspicion of the murder.
Many people were beated mercilessly and caught and jailed without warrant.
The HSRA decided that it is not safe for Bhagat to be in Lahore as he would be soon caught by the police if so.
So they planned Bhagat's escape from Lahore to reach Calcutta.
On the evening of 19 December Sukhdev requested Durga Bhabhi (wife of Bhagwati Vohra, member of HSRA) to accompny Bhagat to escape from Lahore.
Durga Bhabhi agreed willingly.
To avoid recognition Bhagat had shaved his beard and cut his long hair (a violation of Sikh customs) and had wore an English outfit.
He asked Durga Bhabhi to wear an English outfit too.
Rajguru was asked to become the porter at the station.
At about 6:00 am Bhagat along with Durga Bhabhi and Rajguru who acted as their porter reached the Railway Station and boarded the first train from Lahore to Calcutta.
Chandra Shekhar Azad too escaped Lahore along with them.
In Calcutta, Bhagat and Chandra Shekhar Azad met Jatindranath Das, a scholar and a scientist in January 1929.
Jatin was asked to make bombs, arsenals and other weapons for the HSRA.
The HSRA set up a bomb factory in Agra for the purpose.
In March, the arsenals were tried and tested in secret near the Yamuna River.
In April, the British Government introduced two bills called as Public Safety Bill and Trade Dispute Bill.
The first was for the purpose of curbing mass protests that were taking place in many parts of the country and the second was for lowering the pension of the mill workers and farmers by 10%.
Meanwhile, the Bombay Textile Mill workers announced a strike on 15 February to protest against low wages paid by the Sir Nusserwanjee Wadia, the owner of the mill.
The workers remained on strike for many days.
They also barred the Wadia's entry in the mill.
Wadia reported the problem to his friend who was a British Officer.
The Officer agreed to help him.
On 1 April, the Officer came with a large cavalry force to disperse the protesting workers to make way for the owner.
First the Officer requested the workers to end the strike but they refused to do so.
The Officer then ordered the cavalry to lathi-charge on the workers.
Many were injured in this lathi-charge.
He made a plan to bomb the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi.
He partnered with Batukeshwar Dutt for this task.
On 8 April, as the Speaker Vithalbhai Patel stood up to announce the passing of bill at 1230 hours, He bombarded the assembly with two bombs making sure that this will not harm any person.
They were shouting slogans of revolution and threw pamphlets.
After the bombarding, they surrendered.
He was kept in Delhi Central Jail (present day Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi) from 22 April to 13 June.
The trial for Delhi Assembly Bomb case began on 7 May with an introductory hearing with the Presiding Judge Justice Frank Ernest Bran Pool.
In the next hearing, a month later on 6 June, lawyer Asaf Ali defended Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt.
Asaf tried his best to defend the revolutionaries but in vain as on 12 June, both were sentenced to transportation for life in Delhi Jail.
In the Court hearings, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt made a statement to clarify their motives for bombing and about the repressive action of government against the Labourers and Farmers of the country who have a large participation in the economical development of the country.
The typewriter had written the whole statement.
Here is a small part of the statement.
The police then took Bhagat and Batukeshwar Dutt to Mianwali & Lahore on 13 June.
The same day, Bhagat reached Mianwali Jail.
He was kept in this jail while all other HSRA revolutionaries were kept in Borstal Jail.
Bhagat began his longest (112 days) hunger strike in jail which lasted from 15 June to 5 October 1929.
Together many other revolutionaries began hunger strike that day.
The demands that Bhagat placed before the Jailor Major Pindi Das Chopra were-
There should be no discrimination between the British and Indian prisoners.
Indian prisoners should be given books and newspapers to read and clean clothes to wear as given to the British.
Healthy food should be provided to the Indian prisoners.
The demands were refused many times by the jail authorities and the police forced the prisoners to break their hunger strike treacherously.
The Lahore Conspiracy Case trial began on 10 July 1929, in the Lahore Jail Cantonment Hall.
Bhagat Singh had been shifted a day earlier to this jail for the trial.
The Presiding Judge was Justice Rai Sahib Pandit Sri Kishen.
There were in total 14 accused and 2 approvers in the case.
Jaigopal later turned approver.
Meanwhile, Jatin Das who had begun his hunger strike 28 days after Bhagat, died on 13 September 1929 due to weakness.
Thousands of people attended his funeral in Lahore and felt proud for the brave revolutionary Jatin Das.
He was cremated at his native town in Calcutta on 16 September.
On the other hand, The Conspiracy Case trials went on with no decision for months.
Jaigopal betrayed the HSRA by telling that Bhagat was involved in the murder of Saunders.
On 21 October 1929, as Jaigopal spoke the truth a revolutionary Prem Dutt became so angry he insulted him and threw his slipper on his head.
Jaigopal fainted and collapsed in the witness box.
Prem Dutt was handcuffed but the revolutionaries protested so Magistrate Rai Saheb ordered all of them to be handcuffed but they did not budge.
The police started beating them and forced to be handcuffed.
They were badly wounded due to this.
Many had to be taken away from the court on stretcher.
To Speed up the slow moving trial, Lord Irwin declared Emergency on 1 May 1930.
Arrests of the accused were speeded up and the arrested ones were to pass through trials of the special tribunal.
The tribunal was appointed by the Viceroy on 30 April.
Three Judges - Justice Coldstream, Justice GC Hilton and Justice Agha Hyder justified the Case.
The trials of the special tribunal began on 5 May 1930 at The Court of Special Magistrate in Poonch House.
The location had been shifted from the Lahore Cantonment.
The accused were forcibly taken to the trials as they had refused to come to the court.
The revolutionaries knew well that the presiding judge is British and he will no doubt give them a harsh punishment.
On the 8th day of the trial, the revolutionaries were again harshly beaten with sticks and were dragged to the court for trial.
The revolutionaries boycotted the trials from that day on and did not present themselves in the court.
They demanded that Justice GC Hilton must be removed and Indian Judge must preside the case.
But the Government denied their wish.
In June, they removed Justice Agha Hyder (who had tried to stop the police from beating the revolutionaries as he had sympathy for them) and Presiding Judge Justice Coldstream and made Justice GC Hilton the presiding judge and appointed Justice Abdul Qadir and Justice Tapp instead.
Thus, the trials continued in the absence of the accused.
Thus the trials were only based on the testimoies of the 3 Government approvers Jaigopal, Hans Raj Vohra & Phonindra Nath Ghosh.
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru was ordered to be hanged on 27 October 1930 at 8 am, but due to consideration process of many of the mercy appeals filed, the sentence was delayed.
Finally the date was decided as 24 March 1931.
The families of the three were not allowed to meet them on 23 March.
The father of Bhagat, Kishan Singh with his wife waited outside for a long a time to get a last glimpse of his brave son but even they were denied.
At 7:20 pm, the Jailor P. D. Chopra arrived with other officers to take them to the gallows.
At that time, Bhagat was reading the Biography of Russian leader Lenin.
He called out to Bhagat to get ready as they were getting late.
He replied 'wait a minute, one revolutionary is meeting the other'.
He threw the book towards the ceiling and stepped out of the cell.
At 7:28, the three arrived at the hanging fort where several officers including Jail Doctor Narinder Singh Sodhi, IG Prisons Fredrick Barker, Officer Charles Stead and Deputy Commissioner Allan Arbuthnot Lane Roberts, were waiting for them.
Jail Warden Chhatar Singh was also present.
Bhagat said to Lane Roberts 'Sir, today you will see how bravely the great sons of India embrace death'.
So at 7:30 pm, the three were hanged till death by the Lahore Central Jail authorities.
Soon a big crowd armed with fire torches arrived the river banks.
The authorities were frightened and they fled from the scene.
The people in the crowd then informed Bhagat's father Kishan Singh about the incident who along with Vidyawati came rushing to Ferozepore.
Kishan Singh wept with grief along with pride at the same time for his brave son.
The next day, the people and Kishan Singh cremated the body of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru.
Wisdom teeth are a set of four teeth, farthest back in a person's mouth.
Most people get them late in their teenage years or in their early twenties.
Many people have to have surgery to get rid of them because they often grow in a crooked way.
tr:Diş#Yirmi yaş dişleri
Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique; born December 1, 1949) is the President of Chile since 2018.
He previously served as President of Chile from 2010 to 2014.
He was elected once again in the 2017 presidential election.
He won the second round of the presidential election that took place on January 17, 2010, and subsequently took office on March 11, 2010.
He is a well-known economist, investor, businessperson, politician, former Senator, and leader of the presidential and parliamentary electoral coalition Coalition for Change.
He is a billionaire and one of the richest people in Chile.
Presidential Elections 2009–2010
Piñera ran for President of Chile in the 2009-2010 election.
Since August 2009, he led in opinion polls, competing with Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Marco Enríquez-Ominami and Jorge Arrate; all of whom are left-of-center candidates.
In the election of December 13, 2009, Piñera placed first in the results by obtaining 44.05 % of the votes, while Frei placed second by obtaining 29.6 % of the votes.
Since neither candidate received more than half of the total votes, Chileans returned to the polls for a final run-off election on Sunday, January 17, 2010.
Actor Bob Gunton portrays Piñera in the 2015 movie The 33, which is about the 2006 Copiapó mining accident.
2019 Chilean protests
Chilean politicians
Chilean businesspeople
The   is a time in the Japanese history from 1185 through 1333 in the history of Japan.
The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate.
Imperial rule was re-established under Emperor Go-Daigo.
Mongol Invasions of Japan (1274, 1281) also happened in this period.
Flourishing of Buddhism
Buddhism expanded during this period.
A number of monks founded separate Buddhist sects, including
• Hōnen, founder of the Jōdo shū sect
• Shinran, disciple of Hōnen; founder of Jōdo Shinshū
• Ippen, founder of the Ji sect
• Dōgen, founder of the Sōtō school of Zen
• Eisai, founder of the Rinzai school of Zen
• Nichiren, founder of the sect of Buddhism named after him
1185 (Genryaku 2, 24th day of the 3rd month): Taira clan (Heike) defeated at sea by Minamoto Yoshitsune
1191 (Kenkyū 2): Esai establishes Zen in Japan
1192 (Kenkyū 3): Minamoto Yoritomo  appointed as shogun
1207 (Ken'ei 1): Hōnen and his followers are exiled
1221 (Jōkyū 3): In the , Emperor Go-Toba tried to take power from the Kamakura shogunate.
The effort did not succeed.
1252 (Kenchō 2): Great Buddha of Kamakura was put in place at Kōtoku-in.
November 19, 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Kublai Khan sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan;  or the "Bun'ei War".
1281 (Kōan 4):  or the "Kōan War".
1293 (Einin 1):  Disastrous  earthquake and tsunami hit Sagami Bay and Kamakura, killing 23,034 people.
1333 (Genkō 3): Nitta Yoshisada destroys the Kamakura shogunate in the .
Metropolitan Museum of Art,  Kamakura and Nanbokucho Periods (1185–1392)
British Museum, Kamakura period (AD 1185-1333)
Japan-guide.com,  Kamakura Period (1192 - 1333)
12th-century establishments in Japan
1330s disestablishments in Japan
1333 disestablishments
1185 establishments
Modulation (music), the changing of a piece of music from one key to another.
Frequency Modulation (FM) or Amplitude Modulation (AM), ways to send analog radio signals.
Phase-shift keying and frequency-shift keying, ways to send digital signals.
The American Football Conference (AFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL), the other being the National Football Conference (NFC).
Every year, the winner of the AFC Championship Game receives the Lamar Hunt Trophy and gets to play against the winner of the NFC Championship Game in the Super Bowl.
As of 2010, the Pittsburgh Steelers, who have won the AFC Championship Game seven times, have won the most AFC Championship Games.
The most recent champion is the Kansas City Chiefs.
After seismic waves make a structure vibrate, a tuned mass damper (or seismic damper) can decrease their damaging effect and improve the building's seismic performance.
Vehicles use small dampers and buildings use large ones.
Some examples of dampers' design and implementation are presented in the images below:
Seismic Dampers
Seismic vibration control
Nelsinho Baptista (born 22 July 1950) is a Brazilian football manager.
He manages for Kashiwa Reysol.
Cesare Prandelli (born 19 August 1957) is a former Italian football player.
He has played for some Italian clubs (e.g. Atalanta, Juventus).
He manages for Fiorentina.
Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk  (October 30 1895 — April 24 1964) was a German doctor.
He won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,  for discovering the antibacterial effect of protonsil.
Roasso Komamoto at J-League.or.jp
Carl Peter Henrik Dam  (February 21 1895 — April 17 1976) was a Danish chemist.
He won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,  along with Edward Doisy,  for the discovery of Vitamin K.
Josip Kuže (13 November 1952 – 16 June 2013) was a Croatian football manager.
He manages for Albania national team.
The Cairo International Book Fair is one of the biggest book fairs in the world with hundreds of book sellers and about two million visitors every year.
It is the largest book fair in the Arab world, as well as the oldest.
In 2006 it was the second largest book fair in the world after the Frankfurt Book Fair.
It is held every year in the last week of January in Cairo, Egypt, at the Cairo International Fair Grounds in Madinat Nasr, near Al-Azhar University.
It is organised by the General Egyptian Book Organisation.
Cairo publishers make 60% of Arabic language books printed in the world.
The state owned General Egyptian Book Organisation, is the largest book publisher in the Arab world.
The fair has displays and speakers from publishers and government agencies from around the world, as well as sellers of books, video, and other media.
Lectures, readings, and other public events take place during the three weeks the of the book fair, with items in Arabic, English, and other languages.
The fair brings in ordinary Egyptians, with media on a range of topics, outdoor events, and even fireworks to entertain the large crowds.
The CIBF was started by the General Egyptian Book Organisation, a government publishers and retailers group, in 1969 as part of the celebrations of the 1000th anniversary of the start of the city of Cairo.
The 41st fair was held from 21 January to 5 February 2009.
The CIBF has had problems in recent years.
Leftist and Muslim militant authors, works critical of the government, and works with sections or topics that are seen as sexually or culturally controversial have been banned from the book fair.
During the 2000 book fair, Islamist protests became violent.
That year, more than 2000 members of Muslim student groups protested outside Al-Azhar University.
This led to rare public protests against the Egyptian government, violence, 75 arrests and a number of injuries.
The students were protesting an Egyptian Ministry of Culture publisher printing and selling copies of the 1983 novel A Banquet for Seaweed by the Syrian writer Haidar Haidar.
After the protests, two members of the government printing house were also arrested for "disparaging religion" and publishing a work "offensive to public morals".
In later years a number of books from foreign publishers have been taken by Egyptian authorities.
These have included works by Czech Milan Kundera, Moroccan Mohamed Choukri, Saudi Ibrahim Badi, Lebanese Hanan al-Sheikh, and fellow Lebanese novelist Elias Khoury  In 2005, Egyptian police arrested a number of book sellers and activists at the book fair.
Two Egyptian journalists were arrested for giving out "false propaganda against the government" and others for presenting socialist work.