the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The agency was formed in 1947 after World War II.
Many of the people who started the CIA had been in the Office of Strategic Services, the main American spy agency during the war.
General John K. Singlaub was one of the people who created the CIA.
The United States has a history in intelligence services dating back to its origins.
During the American Revolution, George Washington and other Founding Fathers of the United States such as Benjamin Franklin, Robert Morris, and Patrick Henry used espionage networks.
The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency has been Gina Haspel since April 26, 2018.
The CIA is made up of four groups, which do different things.
Its goal is to protect the US people.
Many people feel that the CIA does more bad than good.
Others  people that the CIA does good by finding out secret information about enemies of the United States.
Others think those secrets should remain secret.
American law makes it illegal for the CIA and other agencies to kill foreign leaders.
In 1992, Saddam Hussein tried to kill US President George H.W. Bush, who used to be director of the CIA, during a visit to Kuwait.
In revenge, President Bill Clinton ordered cruise missiles to be fired at the building of the Iraqi equivalent to the CIA.
That occurred at night and so only the cleaners were killed, not those who had planned the assassination.
CIA has many clandestine, or secret, operations.
Some CIA employees have been killed during their work.
Their names are on a CIA memorial with a star for them, but some of the names are still secret.
The number of stars is deliberately inaccurate.
The CIA also uses open sources to gather information.
Analysts read foreign newspapers and watch foreign news broadcasts to learn information, which can be pieced together to make a conclusion.
The CIA used to report to the President.
After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, a reorganization made the CIA and other intelligence agencies report to a Director of National Intelligence.
The CIA has been featured in many television and film productions, including the American television show "The Agency," the American television mini-series "The Company," the film "Spy Game" that stars Robert Redford and Brad Pitt, "Night Flight to Moscow" that stars Yul Brenner, "Scorpio" that stars Burt Lancaster, "Clear and Present Danger" that stars Harrison Ford; "Ice Station Zebra," and several James Bond films that featured the CIA agent Felix Leiter.
Central Intelligence Agency website
United States intelligence agencies
January 28 – George Lucas creates the second draft of what would eventually become Star Wars.
At this time, the title of the story was Adventures of the Starkiller, Episode One of The Star Wars.
March – Production begins on Star Wars
March 26 – The movie version of The Who's Tommy premiers in London
July – In order to create the necessary special effects for his movie, Star Wars, George Lucas forms Industrial Light and Magic.
July 5 – Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win Wimbledon singles tennis title.
September 5 – Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme attempts to shoot President Gerald Ford, but is stopped.
September 22 – US President Gerald Ford survives another assassination attempt, this time by Sara Jane Moore.
October 11 – Saturday Night Live airs for the first time.
November 10 – The SS Edmund Fitzgerald sinks.
November 11 – Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam sacked by Governor-General Sir John Kerr.
November 20 – Spanish fascist dictator Francisco Franco dies at the age of 82.
Jaws becomes the first movie to ever gross US$100 million in North America, setting the standard for future blockbusters.
The Vietnam War ends.
January 8 – Tift Merritt, American singer and songwriter
January 17 – CoCo Lee, Chinese singer
February 4 – Natalie Imbruglia, Australian singer and actress
February 22 – Drew Barrymore, American actress
March 15 – Eva Longoria, American actress
March 27 – Fergie, American singer (Black Eyed Peas)
April 6 – Zach Braff, American actor, director, and screenwriter
April 14 – Anderson Silva, Brazilian martial artist
April 26 – Joey Jordison, American musician (Slipknot)
May 2 – David Beckham, English football player
May 2 – Dorothy M. Metcalf-Lindenburger, American astronaut
May 8 – Enrique Iglesias, Spanish singer
May 10 – Hélio Castroneves, Brazilian racecar driver
May 27 – Jamie Oliver, English celebrity chef
June 4 – Russell Brand, English comedian and actor
June 4 – Angelina Jolie, American actress
June 8 – Shilpa Shetty, Indian actress and model
June 30 – Ralf Schumacher, German racing driver
June 30 – Rami Shaaban, Swedish footballer
July 6 – 50 Cent, American rapper
July 9 – Shelton Benjamin, American wrestler
July 9 – Jack White, American actor and musician
July 11 – Lil' Kim, American rapper
July 17 – Terence Tao, Australian mathematician
August 7 – Charlize Theron, South African actress
August 22 – Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor
September 17 – Constantine Maroulis, American singer
September 20 – Juan Pablo Montoya, Colombian NASCAR driver
September 22 – Ole Petter Andreassen, Norwegian musician
September 30 – Wopke Hoekstra, Dutch politician
October 5 – Kate Winslet, English actress
October 9 – Sean Lennon, American musician
October 10 – Rumiko Takahashi, Japanese manga artist
October 14 – Floyd Landis, American cyclist
November 22 – Aiko, Japanese singer
December 5 – Ronnie O'Sullivan, English snooker player
December 6 – Andrea Agnelli, Italian businessman
December 17 – Milla Jovovich, Ukrainian-American model and actress
December 27 – Heather O'Rourke, American actress (d. 1988)
December 30 – Scott Chipperfield, Australian footballer
December 30 – Tiger Woods, American golfer
April 23 – Peter Ham, Welsh singer and songwriter (b. 1947)
April 23 – William Hartnell, English actor (b. 1908)
May 28 – Ezzard Charles, American boxer (b. 1921)
May 28 – Lung Chien, Chinese movie srceenwriter and director (b. 1916)
August 9 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (b. 1906)
August 15 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bengali (b. 1922)
August 15 – Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib, Bengali Mother of the Nation (b. 1930)
August 27 – Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia (b. 1892)
October 29 – Éamon de Valera, Irish politician (b. 1882)
November 3 - Tajuddin Ahmed, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1925)
November 3 - Syed Nazrul Islam, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1925)
November 20 – Francisco Franco, Spanish dictator (b. 1892)
November 21 – Gunnar Gunnarsson, Icelandic writer (b. 1889)
''The Apple Dumpling Gang
"At 17"-Janis Ian
"Bad Time" – Grand Funk Railroad
"Ballroom Blitz" – Sweet
"Blitzkrieg Bop"- The Ramones
"Born To Run" – Bruce Springsteen
"Calypso" – John Denver
"Cut The Cake" – Average White Band
"Feelings" – Morris Albert
"Free Bird" – Lynyrd Skynyrd
"Get Down Tonight" – K.C. and the Sunshine Band
"Hey You" – Bachman Turner Overdrive
"Holy Roller" – Nazareth
"How Sweet It Is" – James Taylor
"I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do" – ABBA
"The Late Show" – Jackson Browne
"Lyin' Eyes" – The Eagles
"No No Song" – Ringo Starr
"Rock and Roll All Night" – Kiss
"Roll On Down The Highway" – Bachman Turner Overdrive
"Saturday Night Special" – Lynyrd Skynyrd
"Shame, Shame, Shame" – Shirley and Company
"SOS" – ABBA
"Sweet Emotion" – Aerosmith
"Trampled Underfoot" – Led Zeppelin
"When Will I Be Loved" – Linda Ronstadt
"Who Loves You" – The Four Seasons
"Why Can't We Be Friends" – War
"You Are So Beautiful" – Joe Cocker
622 – Start of the Islamic calendar.
1212 - The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa marks a turning point of the Spanish Reconquista over the Moors.
1377 – King Richard II of England is crowned.
1661 - The first banknotes in Europe are issued in Sweden.
1683 - Manchu Qing Dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
1769 - Father Junipero Serra founds California's first mission, which becomes the city of San Diego.
1790 – The District of Columbia is established as the capital of the US.
1809 - La Paz, Bolivia, declares independence from Spain.
1861 - American Civil War: Under orders from Abraham Lincoln, Union troops begin a 25-mile march into Virginia for what will become the First Battle of the Bull Run.
1862 - American Civil War: David Farragut is promoted to rear admiral.
1931 – Haile Selassie signs the first Ethiopian Constitution.
1935 – A 6.5 magnitude earthquake hits Taiwan, killing around 2,700 people.
1935 – The first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City.
1945 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, US President Harry S. Truman and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill meet in Potsdam to discuss the future of a defeated Germany after World War II.
1945 – First atomic bomb test occurs at Alamagordo, New Mexico.
1950 – 1950 FIFA World Cup: Uruguay wins the FIFA World Cup for the second time, with a 2-1 win over the host nation Brazil in the final, with Alcides Ghiggia scoring the winning goal.
In Brazil, the event is remembered as the "Maracanazo", and the country went into mourning after the defeat.
1951 – The famous novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is published.
1951 - King Leopold III of Belgium decides to abdicate the throne in favor of his then-20-year-old son, who becomes King Baudouin I of Belgium.
1965 – The Mont Blanc tunnel between France and Italy is opened.
1969 – Apollo 11 launched for the first moon landing.
1979 – Saddam Hussein becomes President of Iraq.
1981 – Mahathir bin Mohamad becomes Prime Minister of Malaysia, serving until October 31, 2003.
1983 - A Sikorsky S-61 helicopter crashes near the Isles of Scilly off the Southwest coast of England, killing 20 people.
1984 – San Ysidro massacre: 21 people are killed and 19  injured in a shooting in a fast food restaurant in San Diego, California.
The perpetrator is then killed by police.
1990 – A 7.8 magnitude earthquake hits the Philippine island of Luzon, killing 1,621 people.
1990 - Then-West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl travels to the Soviet Union to meet with Mikhail Gorbachev and discuss German reunification.
1994 – Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collides with the planet Jupiter.
1999 - John F. Kennedy Jr., piloting a piper Saratoga aircraft, dies when his plane crashes into the Atlantic Ocean near Martha's Vineyard off the US State of Massachusetts.
His wife Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy and sister-in-law Lauren Bessette are also killed.
2004 - The Millennium Park architectural project in Chicago is opened by Mayor Richard M. Daley.
2007 – A 6.8 magnitude earthquake strikes near Niigata, Japan, killing 8 people and injuring more than 800.
2008 - 16 young children in Gansu province, China, are diagnosed with kidney stones after being fed tainted milk.
2013 - Around 27 children die and 25 are hospitalized after eating lunch served in their school canteen in Eastern India.
2017 - Tennis: Roger Federer wins a record-breaking 8th Wimbledon men's singles title, defeating Marin Cilic in straight sets.
2017 - Jodie Whittaker is revealed as the first woman to play the role of Doctor Who in the British science fiction television series of the same name.
2018 - US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin meet for talks in Helsinki, Finland.
2019 - Ursula von der Leyen is chosen to succeed Jean-Claude Juncker as President of the European Commission, becoming the first woman to chosen to hold this position.
1194 – Saint Clare of Assisi, Italian saint (d. 1355).
1486 – Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (d. 1530).
1611 - Caecilia Renata of Austria (d. 1644).
1661 - Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Canadian captain, explorer and politician (d. 1706).
1715 - Charles, Prince of Soubise, French general and statesman (d. 1787).
1722 - Joseph Wilton, English sculptor (d. 1803)
1723 – Joshua Reynolds, English painter (d. 1792).
1731 – Samuel Huntington, American statesman  (d. 1796).
1746 – Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer, mathematician and theologian (d. 1826).
1749 - Cyrus Griffin, American politician (d. 1810).
1769 - Edmund Fanning, American explorer and sea captain (d. 1841).
1796 – Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French painter (d. 1875).
1821 – Mary Baker Eddy, American religious leader (d. 1910).
1858 - Eugene Ysaye, Belgian composer and violinist (d. 1931)..
1862 - Ida B. Wells, American journalist and activist (d. 1931).
1872 – Roald Amundsen, Norwegian polar explorer (d. 1928).
1875 - Emil Voigt, American gymnast (d. 1961).
1877 - Vasil Kolarov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1950).
1880 - Kathleen Norris, American author (d. 1966).
1883 - Charles Sheeler, American photographer and painter (d. 1965).
1884 – Anna Vyrubova, Russian writer (d. 1964).
1888 – Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist (d. 1966).
1888 – Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player (d. 1951).
1889 - Larry Semon, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1928).
1895 - Wilfrid Hamel, Canadian politician, 35th Mayor of Quebec City (d. 1968).
1896 – Trygve Lie, Norwegian diplomat, UN Secretary-General (d. 1968).
1902 - Heo Jong-suk, Korean writer and politician (d. 1991).
1903 - Mary Philbin, American actress (d. 1993).
1904 - Gaffredo Petrassi, Italian composer and conductor (d. 2003).
1906 - Vincent Sherman, American actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2006).
1907 - Orville Redenbacher, American farmer and businessman (d. 1995).
1907 – Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (d. 1990).
1911 – Ginger Rogers, American actress and dancer (d. 1995).
1918 - Müzeyyen Senar, Turkish singer (d. 2015).
1919 – Choi Kyu-ha, President of South Korea (d. 2006).
1919 - Hermine Braunsteiner, Austrian concentration camp overseer (d. 1999).
1924 – Bess Myerson, American beauty queen (d. 2014).
1925 - Frank Jobe, American surgeon (d. 2014).
1926 – Heinz Kwiatkowski, German footballer (d. 2008).
1926 – Alfred Pfaff, German footballer (d. 2008).
1926 – Irwin Rose, American biologist (d. 2015).
1928 - Anita Brookner, English writer (d. 2016).
1928 – Ticho Parly, Danish tenor (d. 1993).
1928 – Andrzej Zawada, Polish mountaineer (d. 2000).
1928 - Dave Treen, American politician, 50th Governor of Louisiana (d. 2009).
1930 - Guy Béart, French singer and songwriter (d. 2015).
1930 - Bert Rechichar, American football player (d. 2019).
1932 - Bill Byrge, American actor and comedian.
1933 - John Baddeley, British diplomat
1934 - George Hilton, Uruguayan-Italian actor (d. 2019).
1935 - Carl Epting Mundy, Jr., American general (d. 2014).
1936 – Yasuo Fukuda, former Prime Minister of Japan.
1936 - Venkataraman Subramanyan, Indian cricketer.
1937 - Richard Bryan, American politician, 25th Governor of Nevada.
1937 - John Daly, English director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2008).
1939 – Corin Redgrave, English actor and political activist (d. 2010).
1939 – Lido Vieri, Italian footballer.
1939 - Mariele Ventre, Italian singer and conductor (d. 1995).
1941 – Desmond Dekker, Jamaican singer (d. 2006).
1941 – Dag Solstad, Norwegian writer and dramatist.
1941 - Hans Wiegel, Dutch politician.
1941 - George Young, English politician.
1942 – Margaret Court, Australian tennis player.
1942 - Frank Field, English politician.
1943 - Patricia Churchland, Canadian philosopher.
1946 - Louise Fréchette, Canadian civil servant and diplomat.
1946 – Toshio Furukawa, Japanese voice actor.
1946 - Richard LeParmentier, American-English actor (d. 2013).
1947 - Alexis Herman, American politician.
1948 – Lars Lagerback, Swedish football coach.
1948 – Pinchas Zukerman, Israeli violinist.
1950 - Dennis Priestley, English darts player.
1951 - Lorraine Chase, English actress and model.
1952 - Stewart Copeland, American drummer.
1952 - Marc Esposito, French director and screenwriter.
1958 – Michael Flatley, American dancer.
1959 - James MacMillan, Scottish composer and conductor.
1959 – Zoran Joleski, Macedonian diplomat, Ambassador to the US.
1960 - Terry Pendleton, American baseball player.
1963 – Phoebe Cates, American actress.
1963 - Norman Cook, English musician (Fatboy Slim).
1964 – Nino Burjanadze, Georgian politician.
1964 - Miguel Indurain, Spanish cyclist.
1965 - Michel Desjoyeaux, French sailor.
1965 - Claude Lemieux, Canadian-American ice hockey player
1965 - Sherri Stoner, American actress and writer.
1966 - Jyrki Lumme, Finnish ice hockey player.
1966 - Mikhail Tatarinov, Russian ice hockey player.
1967 - Jonathan Adams, American actor
1967 – Will Ferrell, American comedian and actor.
1968 – Larry Sanger, American computer scientist, philosopher and co-founder of Wikipedia.
1969 - Jules De Martino, English musician and singer-songwriter.
1969 - Daryl Mitchell, American actor and singer.
1969 - Sahra Wagenknecht, German politician.
1970 – Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thai movie director.
1971 - Corey Feldman, American actor and singer.
1973 - Shaun Pollock, South African cricketer.
1974 - Ryan McCombs, American singer-songwriter and activist.
1975 - Jamie Oliver, Welsh singer and keyboardist.
1976 – Bobby Lashley, American wrestler.
1976 – Carlos Humberto Paredes, Paraguayan footballer.
1976 – Anna Smashnova, Israeli tennis player.
1980 - Adam Scott, Australian golfer.
1982 - André Greipel, German cyclist.
1982 - Steve Hooker, Australian pole vaulter.
1982 - Carli Lloyd, American soccer player.
1982 - Michael Umaña, Costa Rican footballer.
1983 – Duncan Keith, NHL ice hockey defenceman for the Chicago Blackhawks.
1985 - Dejan Jakovic, Croatian-Canadian soccer player
1987 – AnnaLynne McCord, American actress.
1987 - Mousa Dembélé, Belgian footballer.
1988 – Sergio Busquets, Spanish footballer.
1989 – Gareth Bale, Welsh footballer.
1990 - James Maslow, American actor, dancer and singer-songwriter.
1991 - Andros Townsend, English footballer.
1994 – Mark Indelicato, American singer and actor.
1996 - Lucas Hemmings, Australian singer, 5 Seconds of Summer.
1216 – Pope Innocent III (b. 1160/1161).
1324 – Emperor Go-Uda of Japan (b. 1267).
1342 - Charles I of Hungary (b. 1288).
1557 – Anne of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII of England (b. 1515).
1647 - Masaniello, Italian rebel (b. 1622).
1664 - Andreas Gryphius, German poet and playwright (b. 1616).
1747 - Giuseppe Crespi, Italian painter (b. 1655).
1764 – Tsar Ivan VI of Russia (b. 1740).
1882 – Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States (b. 1818).
1896 - Edmond de Gontcourt, French critic and publisher (b. 1822).
1916 – Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Russian biologist, won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1845).
1917 - Philipp Scharwenka, German composer and educator (b. 1847).
1943 – Helga Deen, German Holocaust victim (b. 1925).
1947 – Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat (disappeared on this date) (b. 1912).
1953 – Hilaire Belloc, British writer (b. 1870).
1976 – Carmelo Soria, Spanish diplomat (b. 1921).
1979 - Alfred Deller, English singer (b. 1912).
1982 – Charles Robberts Swart, South African politician (b. 1894).
1985 – Heinrich Böll, German writer (b. 1917).
1989 – Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor (b. 1908).
1994 - Julian Schwinger, American physicist (b. 1918).
1995 - Stephen Spender, British poet (b. 1909).
1996 - John Panozzo, American drummer (Styx) (b. 1948).
1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., American publisher (b. 1960).
1999 – Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy, wife of John F. Kennedy Jr. (b. 1966).
2001 – Morris, Belgian cartoonist (b. 1923).
2003 – Celia Cruz, Cuban singer (b. 1924).
2003 – Carol Shields, Canadian writer (b. 1935).
2004 - George Busbee, American politician, 77th Governor of Georgia (b. 1927)
2005 - Camillo Felgen, Luxembourg singer-songwriter and radio host (b. 1920)
2010 - James Gammon, American actor (b. 1940).
2012 - Stephen Covey, American author (b. 1932).
2012 - Jon Lord, English musician (Deep Purple) (b. 1941).
2012 - Kitty Wells, American singer (b. 1919).
2014 - Szymon Szurmiej, Polish actor and director (b. 1923).
2014 - Johnny Winter, American musician (b. 1944).
2014 - Heinz Zemanek, Austrian computer pioneer (b. 1920).
2014 - Karl Albrecht, German businessman (b. 1930).
2015 - Alcides Ghiggia, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1926).
2015 - Alan Kupperberg, American comic artist (b. 1953).
2015 - Muhammad Youssef Abdulazeez, Kuwaiti shooting suspect (b. 1991)
2015 - Jack Goody, British social anthropologist (b. 1919)
2016 - Robert Burren Morgan, American politician (b. 1925)
2016 - Nate Thurmond, American basketball player (b. 1941)
2016 - Kazimieras Uoka, Lithuanian politician (b. 1951)
2017 - Trevor Baxter, British actor (b. 1932)
2017 - George A. Romero, American-Canadian film director and producer (b. 1940)
2017 - Wilfried, Austrian singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1950)
2018 - Gabriel Caruana, Maltese artist (b. 1929)
2019 - Ernie Broglio, American baseball player (b. 1935)
2019 - Johnny Clegg, South African musician (b. 1953)
2019 - Raja Dhale, Indian writer and political activist (b. 1940)
2019 - Chung Doo-un, South Korean politician (b. 1957)
2019 - Howard Engel, Canadian writer (b. 1931)
2019 - John Paul Stevens, United States Supreme Court justice (b. 1920)
Engineer's Day (Honduras)
Holocaust Memorial Day (France)
Thomas Dolby (born Thomas Morgan Robertson; 14 October 1958) is a British musican and computer designer.
He is probably most famous for his 1982 hit, "She Blinded me with Science".
He married actress Kathleen Beller in 1988.
A Track did not chart in North America until 1983, after the success of "She Blinded Me With Science".
English musicians
New wave musicians
Seismic retrofitting is the modification of buildings that already exist to make them resistant to earthquakes.
Seismic retrofitting techniques can be applied to other kinds of natural disasters such as tornadoes and strong winds from thunderstorms.
Seismic retrofit performance objectives
Main levels of retrofitted building structure performance  objectives may vary, namely:
To protect human lives.
To protect a structure from total failure.
To preserve a structure's functionality after a strong earthquake.
To make a structure, practically, unaffected by any earthquake.
company, the people who own or manage a business
- in the military, a company is usually three groups called platoons along with the people who support them
- in the navy, a ship's company is everyone on a certain ship.
March 3 – Norman Bethune
May 19 - Ho Chi Minh leader of Viet Nam
August 24 – Duke Kahanamoku, American athlete
October 14 – Dwight D. Eisenhower
December 5 – Fritz Lang, Austrian movie director
April 11 – Joseph Merrick, English man who was known as the 'Elephant Man'
January 15 – Premiere of Tchaikovsky's ballet The Sleeping Beauty
The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf is built in the city of Philadelphia.
Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil.
It is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Until April 21, 1960 it was the capital city of Brazil.
According to the 2000 Census, the city had 5,473,909 people, and an area of over 1,000 km2.
In 2008 Eduardo Paes became Mayor.
The city was started in 1565.
Copacabana Beach, Ipanema Beach, Sugar Loaf Mountain (in Portuguese, Pão de Açúcar), the statue of Christ the Redeemer (in Portuguese, Cristo Redentor), a harbor on Guanabara Bay, and Tom Jobim Airport are in Rio de Janeiro.
It has much commerce and many industries, especially textiles, food, chemicals, and metallurgy.
Most of these industries are in the northern and western suburbs of the city.
Rio de Janeiro also has a small rural area, near the suburb of Campo Grande, where fruits and vegetables are grown.
The city is 420 kilometers (about 261 miles) away from São Paulo, the biggest city in South America.
The cities of Rio and São Paulo are linked by the Presidente Dutra Highway (also known as Via Dutra).
The region crossed by the Presidente Dutra Highway has been an important industrial zone since the 1950s.
In the city of Rio de Janeiro lies Tijuca National Park, created in 1961.
This park contains some 33 km2, between the northern and the southern parts of the city.
The district (in Portuguese, bairro) of Santa Tereza can be reached by taking an electric tram (in Portuguese, bonde) from central Rio de Janeiro (near Largo da Carioca subway station), crossing over the Arcos da Lapa, an aqueduct built during the colonial period to provide water to the city.
Virtual photo tour through Rio de Janeiro and neighbourhood with www.riodejaneirophotoguide.com
Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro's City Hall.
Includes statistical information about the city, about Carnival, and municipal laws.
Rio de Janeiro at Wikivoyage
1565 establishments
1560s establishments in South America
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) became a General in the War of 1812 and was considered to be a war hero.
He became the seventh president of the United States of America.
He was the first Democrat and is on the twenty dollar bill.
His nickname was "Old Hickory".
He forced many Native Americans to leave their homeland so white people could live there, and many died.
This was called the Trail of Tears.
As a boy Andrew Jackson was a messenger for the Continental Army.
The British caught him and mistreated him.
He was the first U.S. president who was not born into a rich family.
He was not a rich man and did not have a college education.
He moved to Tennessee and became a politician.
In 1791, he fell in love with Rachel Donelson Robards.
They went through a marriage ceremony.
However, the marriage was not legal because she had not been granted a divorce from her first husband.
Therefore, they married legally three years later.
They had no children, but they adopted several.
He became rich and owned a large plantation.
In the 1790s Jackson was a member of the United States House of Representatives, the United States Senate, and the Supreme Court of Tennessee.
In the 1800s he commanded the Tennessee Militia and fought Indians.
During the War of 1812 he became a general and won the Battle of New Orleans which made him very famous.
In 1823 he returned to the Senate.
In 1828, he defeated John Quincy Adams in the Presidential Election of 1828, he became president on March 4, 1829, and four years later he was re-elected to a second term as president.
In 1832 South Carolina declared secession from the United States.
Jackson threatened war, and then compromised.
In January 1835, Jackson was almost assassinated when an unemployed painter wanted to shoot him but both his guns jammed.
He is the first president to have had an attempted assassination.
During his presidency, he signed the Indian Removal Act which allowed the U.S. government to violently force the Native Americans to move from their land and go west.
Many Native Americans were killed and the path they walked to get to the west was called the Trail of Tears.
Andrew Jackson was against the national bank of the United States because he felt that banks and their banknotes were for rich and powerful people and did not serve the interests of the common man.
The national bank expired during Jackson's presidency.
Jackson chose not to continue the bank.
On March 4, 1837, Andrew Jackson finished his second term.
After that, vice-president Martin Van Buren was elected president and continued many of the things Jackson did.
Jackson was a big influence on other Democrats during the 1800s.
Jackson's legacy among historians is mixed.
Some have liked him because he was against aristocrats, bankers, businessmen, the British Empire, cities, and paper money, and in favor of ordinary country people.
Some have disliked him for the same reasons and because he was in favor of war and slavery, and against Indians.
Jackson's White House biography
1767 births
1845 deaths
United States senators from Tennessee
United States representatives from Tennessee
Politicians from South Carolina
Military people from Tennessee
A pillow is made from two pieces of cloth that are sewn together and stuffed with a soft material, such as feathers, duck down, or synthetic batting (man made soft stuffing).
Pillows are usually rectangular.
Pillows are covered with a fabric sheet called a pillowcase.
The pillowcase protects the pillow from getting dirty.
They hunt whales for their oil, made from their fat, called blubber, and the meat.
Today, there is a treaty which bans the hunt of some whale species.
Most countries signed the treaty.
A few countries still hunt whales for research purposes.
Among those countries are Norway, Iceland and Japan.
Crayons are writing tools made with colored wax, water, and citric acid or chalk.
Young children often use them to draw.
Some adult artists use them too.
They melt at a low temperature so they can be used in crayon-drip art.
One very well-known brand of crayons is Crayola, a company by Binney and Smith.
Self-defence means fighting off something or another person to protect yourself and maybe others.
Ways of self-defence include martial arts or using a weapon.
Sometimes, self-defense can cause serious harm to the other person.
In most nations, you cannot be prosecuted for this harm.
In the United States, an act of self-defence can only count as self-defence if the victim is in a situation that can cause them serious injury or death.
In international law all persons have the right to self-defence.
No Nonsense Self Defense - Reliable information for dangerous situations Articles by Marc MacYoung
238 – Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperors.
1508 - Ferdinand II of Aragon commissions Amerigo Vespucci chief navigator of the Spanish Empire.
1621 – The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoags.
1622 – Jamestown massacre: Algonquian Native Americans kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia, a third of the colony's population.
1630 – Massachusetts Bay Colony outlaws the possession of cards, dice, and gaming tables.
1638 – Anne Hutchinson is expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious dissent.
1713 - The Tuscacora War comes to an end with the fall of Fort Neoheroka, effectively opening up the interior of North Carolina to European colonization.
1739 - Nadir Shah occupies Delhi and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the Peacock Throne.
1765 – The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act, the first direct tax levied from England on the American colonies.
1784 - The Emerald Buddha is moved with great ceremony to its current location in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand.
1809 – Charles XIII succeeds Gustav IV Adolf to the Swedish throne.
1829 - The three protecting powers (United Kingdom, France, Russia) create the borders of Greece.
1849 - The Austrians defeat the Piedmontese at the Battle of Novara.
1871 – In North Carolina, William Woods Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.
1872 - Illinois becomes the first US state to require Sexual Equality in employment.
1873 - A law is approved by the Spanish National Assembly in Puerto Rico to abolish slavery.
1884 - Ecuador introduces the Sucre as its national currency.
1888 – The Football League is formed.
1894 – The first playoff game for the Stanley Cup starts.
1895 – First display (a private screening) of movies by Auguste and Louis Lumière.
1906 - The first England v France rugby union game is played at Parc des Princes in Paris.
1912 - The Indian state of Bihar is formed out of the state of Bengal.
1916 - The last Emperor of China, Yuan Shikai, abdicates the throne and the Republic of China is restored.
1920 – Azeri and Turkish army soldiers with participation of Kurdish gangs attacked the Armenian inhabitants of Shushi (Nagorno Karabakh).
1923 - Foster Hewitt makes the first radio broadcast of an ice hockey game.
1933 - US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs into law a bill legalizing the sale of beer  and wine.
1939 – World War II: Germany takes Memel from Lithuania.
1941 – Washington's Grand Coulee Dam begins to generate electricity.
1942 – World War II: In the Mediterranean Sea, Regia Marina defeats Royal Navy in the Second Battle of Sirte.
1943 - World War II: The entire population of Khatyn, Belarus, is burned alive by German occupation forces.
1944 - World War II: A bombing raid on Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany, kills 1,001 people.
1945 – The Arab League is founded when a charter is adopted in Cairo, Egypt.
1946 - The United Kingdom grants independence to Trans-Jordan.
1954 – Closed since 1939, the London gold market reopens.
1958 – Faisal becomes King of Saudi Arabia.
1960 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Townes receive the first patent for a laser.
1963 – Please Please Me becomes the first Beatles album released in the UK.
1965 – Bob Dylan "goes electric," releasing his first album featuring electric instruments, Bringing It All Back Home.
1972 - The United States Congress sends the Equal Rights Amendment to the states for ratification (meaning confirmation).
1975 – A fire at the Brown's Ferry nuclear reactor in Decatur, Alabama, causes dangerous lowering of cooling water levels.
1975 – In Stockholm, Sweden, Teach-In wins the twentieth Eurovision Song Contest for the Netherlands singing "Ding-a-dong."
1978 – Karl Wallenda of the Flying Wallendas dies after falling off a tight-rope between two hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
1980 - Iraq invades Iran
1982 - NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia is launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on its third mission, STS-3.
1984 – Teachers at the McMartin preschool in Manhattan Beach, California, are charged with Satanic ritual abuse of the children in the school.
The charges are later dropped as completely unfounded.
1989 – Fawn Hall, Oliver North's former secretary, begins two days of testimony at North's Iran-Contra trial in Washington.
1992 - USAir Flight 405 crashes shortly after take-off from New York City's LaGuardia Airport, killing 27 people.
1993 – Intel ships the first Pentium chips (80586), featuring a 60 MHz clock speed, 100+ MIPS, and a 64-bit data path.
1995 – Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns after setting a record for 438 days in space.
1997 – Tara Lipinski, age 14 years and 10 months, becomes the youngest champion of the women's world figure skating competition.
1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp has his closest approach to Earth.
2003 - Protests take place worldwide against the Iraq War, which began two days earlier.
2005 – Pat Summitt, coach of the University of Tennessee Lady Vols (women's college basketball), becomes the all-time leader in victories for both men's and women's college basketball, getting her 880th win as coach of the team.
2006 - Basque separatist organization ETA announces a permanent ceasefire.
2009 – The Mount Redoubt volcano in Alaska erupts.
2012 - The Government of Mali is toppled in a military coup.
2013 - Over 37 people are killed after a fire destroys  a camp containing Burmese refugees near Ban Mae, Thailand.
2013 - American Rock band My Chemical Romance break up.
2014 - Over 251 people are killed when a boat capsizes in Lake Albert in East Africa.
2014 - 2014 Oso mudslide: A massive mudslide in Oso, Washington kills 43 people.
2016 - 2016 Brussels bombings: Bomb attacks strike Brussels' International Airport and the Metro, killing at least 34 people.
2017 - 2017 Westminster attack: An attack by car and knife kills 4 people.
875 - William I, Duke of Aquitaine (d. 918)
924 - Dinh Bo Linh, first Emperor of Vietnam (d. 979)
1212 - Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan (d. 1235)
1394 - Ulugh Beg, Timurid astronomer (d. 1449)
1459 – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1519)
1503 - Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian writer (d. 1583)
1517 - Gioseffo Zarlino, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1590)
1599 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (d. 1641)
1609 – John II Casimir of Poland (d. 1672)
1720 - Nicolas-Henri Jardin, French architect (d. 1799)
1728 - Anton Raphael Mengs, German painter (d. 1779)
1759 - Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp, Queen of Sweden and Norway (d. 1818)
1785 - Adam Sedgwick, English geologist (d. 1873)
1797 – Wilhelm I of Germany (d. 1888)
1808 - David Swinson Maynard, American frontiersman and physician (d. 1873)
1814 - Thomas Crawford, American sculptor (d. 1857)
1817 – Bahá'u'lláh, Persian prophet of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1892)
1817 - Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (d. 1876)
1818 - John Ainsworth Horrocks, English explorer of South Australia (d. 1846)
1837 - Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione, Italian aristocrat (d. 1899)
1842 - Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian pianist, composer and conductor (d. 1912)
1852 - Otakar Sevcik, Czech violinist and violin teacher (d. 1934)
1857 – Paul Doumer, President of France (d. 1932)
1860 - Alfred Ploetz, German physician (d. 1940)
1868 – Robert Millikan, American physicist (d. 1953)
1869 – Emilio Aguinaldo, first President of the Philippines (d. 1964)
1878 - Marcel Théato, Luxembourgish-French runner (d. 1919)
1880 - Ernie Quigley, Canadian-American sports official (d. 1960)
1884 - Arthur Vandenberg, United States Senator for Michigan (d. 1961)
1885 - Aryeh Levin, Lithuanian rabbi (d. 1969)
1886 - August Rei, Estonian politician (d. 1963)
1887 – Chico Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1961)
1890 - Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin, German lawyer and politician (d. 1945)
1892 - Johannes Semper, Estonian writer, translator and politician (d. 1970)
1896 - He Long, Chinese military leader (d. 1969)
1896 - Joseph Schildkraut, Austrian-born American actor (d. 1964)
1897 - Ferruccio Novo, Italian football manager (d. 1974)
1899 - Ruth Page, American ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1991)
1902 – Madeleine Milhaud, French actress (d. 2008)
1902 - Johannes Brinkman, Dutch architect (d. 1949)
1907 - Roger Blin, French actor and movie director (d. 1984)
1907 - James M. Gavin, American lieutenant general (d. 1990)
1907 - Lucia Santos, Portuguese nun (d. 2005)
1908 – Louis L'Amour, American writer (d. 1988)
1908 - Jack Crawford, Australian tennis player (d. 1991)
1909 - Nathan Rosen, American-Israeli physicist (d. 1995)
1912 – Karl Malden, American actor (d. 2009)
1912 - Agnes Martin, Canadian-American painter (d. 2004)
1913 – Sabiha Gökçen, Turkish combat pilot (d. 2001)
1913 - Tom McCall, 30th Governor of Oregon (d. 1983)
1913 - Lew Wasserman, American movie studio executive (d. 2002)
1915 - Georgiy Zhzhonov, Russian actor and writer (d. 2005)
1915 - John McConnell, American peace activist and environmentalist (d. 2012)
1917 - Paul Rogers, British stage actor (d. 2013)
1917 – Virginia Grey, American actress (d. 2004)
1917 - Irving Kaplansky, Canadian mathematician, professor, author and musician (d. 2006)
1918 – Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (d. 1997)
1919 - R. M. Hare, English philosopher (d. 2002)
1920 - Werner Klemperer, German actor and musician (d. 2000)
1920 - Ross Martin, American actor (d. 1981)
1921 - Nino Manfredi, Italian actor (d. 2004)
1922 - John J. Gilligan, 62nd Governor of Ohio (d. 2013)
1922 - Stewart Stern, American screenwriter (d. 2015)
1923 – Marcel Marceau, French mime artist (d. 2007)
1924 - Paul Fussell, American writer, historian, writer and professor (d. 2012)
1924 - Al Neuharth, American businessman, writer and columnist (d. 2013)
1926 - Franca Falcucci, Italian politician (d. 2014)
1926 - Avo Uvezian, Lebanese-American jazz pianist, songwriter and cigar manufacturer (d. 2017)
1929 - Sergio Cervato, Italian footballer (d. 2005)
1929 - Yayoi Kusama, Japanese artist
1930 - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (d. 2000)
1930 – Pat Robertson, American televangelist
1930 – Stephen Sondheim, American composer and lyricist
1931 – Burton Richter, American physicist
1931 – William Shatner, Canadian actor
1931 - Leslie Thomas, Welsh author (d. 2014)
1932 – Larry Evans, American chess player (d. 2010)
1932 - Els Borst, Dutch politician (d. 2014)
1933 - Michel Hidalgo, French footballer and coach
1933 - Abulhassan Banisadr, former President of Iran
1934 - Bola Ajibola, Nigerian politician and jurist
1934 - Orrin Hatch, United States Senator for Utah
1936 – Roger Whittaker, British singer
1937 - Angelo Badalamenti, American composer
1937 - Armin Hary, German athlete
1940 - Fausto Bertinotti, Italian Communist politician
1941 – Bruno Ganz, Swiss actor
1941 - Cassam Uteem, 2nd President of Mauritius
1942 – Bernd Herzsprung, German actor
1943 - George Benson, American jazz and fusion guitarist and singer
1943 - Keith Relf, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (d. 1976)
1945 - Paul Schockemöhle, German equestrian showjumper
1946 - Don Chaney, American basketball player and coach
1946 - Rudy Rucker, American mathematician and computer scientist
1946 - Harry Vanda, Dutch-Australian singer and musician
1947 - James Patterson, American writer
1948 – Bernard Dietz, German footballer
1948 – Andrew Lloyd Webber, English theatre composer
1948 - Wolf Blitzer, American journalist
1949 - Fanny Ardant, French actress
1949 – John Toshack, Welsh footballer and manager
1949 - Brian Hanrahan, English journalist and broadcaster (d. 2010)
1950 - Jocky Wilson, Scottish darts player (d. 2012)
1950 - Mary Tamm, English actress (d. 2012)
1952 - Des Browne, Scottish politician
1952 - David Jones, Welsh politician
1953 - Vladimir Trofimenko, Russian athlete
1955 – Lena Olin, Swedish actress
1955 - Pete Sessions, American politician
1955 – Valdis Zatlers, former President of Latvia
1956 - Maria Teresa, Cuban-born Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
1958 - Laurie David, American blogger, activist and producer
1958 - Pete Wylie, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1959 - Matthew Modine, American actor, screenwriter, director and producer
1959 - Zhan Videnov, 45th Prime minister of Bulgaria
1963 – Giuseppe Galderisi, Italian footballer and manager
1965 - John Kordic, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1992)
1965 – Emma Wray, British actress
1966 - Arron Banks, British businessman and political donor
1966 - Brian Shaw, American basketball player
1966 - Samantha Robson, British actress
1967 - Mario Cipollini, Italian cyclist
1968 - Kazuya Maekawa, Japanese footballer
1968 - Euronymous, Norwegian guitarist and producer (d. 1993)
1969 - Robert Halfon, English politician
1970 - Leontien van Moorsel, Dutch cyclist
1970 - Hwang Young-cho, South Korean marathon runner
1971 - Keegan Michael Key, American actor
1972 – Shawn Bradley, American basketball player
1972 – Elvis Stojko, Canadian figure skater
1972 - Cory Lidle, American baseball player (d. 2006)
1973 – Beverley Knight, British singer
1974 – Philippe Clement, Belgian footballer
1974 - Marcus Camby, American basketball player
1974 - Kidada Jones, American actress
1975 - Jiri Novak, Czech ice hockey player
1975 - Anne Dudek, American actress
1976 – Reese Witherspoon, American actress
1976 - Teun de Nooijer, Dutch field hockey player
1976 - Victoria Atkins, English politician
1977 - John Otto, American musician
1978 - Björn Lind, Swedish cross-country skier
1981 - Mirel Radoi, Romanian footballer
1984 – Piotr Trochowski, German footballer
1985 – Mayola Biboko, Belgian footballer
1985 – Jakob Fuglsang, Danish cyclist
1988 – Tania Raymonde, American actress
1989 - Eva Pereira, Cape Verdean middle-distance runner
1989 - Ruben Popa, Romanian footballer
1990 - Lisa Mitchell, Australian singer-songwriter
1992 - Jessie Andrews, American pornographic actress
1994 - Kolohe Andino, American surfer
1997 - Harry Wilson, Welsh footballer
1998 - Paola Andino, American actress
1999 - Mick Schumacher, German racing driver
1081 - Boleslaw the Generous, King of Poland (b. 1042)
1322 - Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (b. 1278)
1418 - Dietrich of Nieheim, German bishop and historian (b. 1345)
1421 - Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence (b. 1388)
1471 - George Podebrady, King of Bohemia (b. 1420)
1544 - Johannes Magnus, last Roman Catholic Archbishop in Sweden (b. 1488)
1602 – Agostino Carracci, Italian composer (b. 1557)
1685 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (b. 1638)
1687 – Jean Baptiste Lully, Italian-French composer (b. 1632)
1772 - John Canton, English physicist (b. 1718)
1820 - Stephen Decatur, American naval officer (b. 1779)
1832 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German writer (b. 1749)
1840 - Etienne Bobillier, French mathematician (b. 1798)
1844 - William Carroll, Governor of Tennessee (b. 1788)
1851 - Isaac Hill, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1789)
1863 - Opothleyahola, principal Native American chief of the Creek Nation (b. 1796)
1896 - Thomas Hughes, English novelist (b. 1822)
1913 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese nationalist leader (b. 1882)
1914 - Theodor Borrer, Swiss aviation pioneer (b. 1894)
1917 - Yi-junyong, one of the Korean Joseon Dynasty's politicians (b. 1870)
1942 - Frederick Cuming, English cricketer (b. 1875)
1942 - William Donne, English cricketer (b. 1875)
1946 - Clemens August Graf von Galen, German Resistance activist (b. 1878)
1952 - Uncle Dave Macon, American musician (b. 1870)
1955 - Ivan Subasic, Croatian-Yugoslavian politician (b. 1892)
1958 – Mike Todd, American movie producer (b. 1909)
1960 - Jose Antonio Aguirre, Basque politician (b. 1904)
1977 - A.K. Gopalan, Indian Communist leader (b. 1904)
1978 – Karl Wallenda, German acrobat (b. 1905)
1987 – Odysseas Angelis, Greek military officer (b. 1912)
1993 – Steve Olin, American baseball player (b. 1965)
1994 – Walter Lantz, American cartoonist (b. 1900)
1994 - Dan Hartman, American singer, songwriter and record producer (b. 1950)
1996 - Robert F. Overmyer, American test pilot and astronaut (b. 1936)
1996 - Billy Williamson, American musician (b. 1925)
2000 - Carlo Parola, Italian footballer (b. 1921)
2001 – Sabiha Gökçen, Turkish combat pilot (b. 1913)
2001 – William Hanna, American animator and studio founder (b. 1910)
2002 - Rudolf Baumgartner, Swiss conductor and violinist (b. 1917)
2004 – Ahmed Yassin, Palestinian co-founder of Hamas (b. 1936)
2006 - Lawrence Stephen, Nauruan politician (b. 1939)
2009 – Jade Goody, British television personality (b. 1981)
2010 – Valentina Tolkunova, Russian singer (b. 1946)
2010 – James W. Black, Scottish Nobel Prize-winning doctor and medical researcher (b. 1924)
2012 - Mohammed Merah, French Islamic Jihadist and spree killer (b. 1988), shot after siege
2013 - Bebo Valdés, Cuban pianist, bandleader and composer (b. 1918)
2014 - Mickey Duff, Polish-born British boxing trainer and promoter (b. 1929)
2014 - Patrice Wymore, American actress (b. 1926)
2014 - Yashwant Vithoba Chittal, Indian author (b. 1928)
2014 - Yngve A. A. Larsson, Swedish medicine professor and diabetologist (b. 1917)
2014 - Riina Gerretz, Estonian pianist (b. 1939)
2015 - Arkady Arkanov, Russian writer and satirist (b. 1933)
2015 - Norman Scribner, American choral conductor (b. 1936)
2016 - Rob Ford, Canadian politician, former Mayor of Toronto (b. 1969)
2016 - Rita Gam, American actress (b. 1927)
2016 - Richard Bradford, American actor (b. 1934)
2016 - Glen Dawson, American rock climber and mountaineer (b. 1912)
2016 - Phife Dawg, American rap musician (b. 1970)
2016 - Santiago J. Erevia, American soldier (b. 1945)
2017 - Dallas Green, American baseball player and manager (b. 1934)
2017 - Sib Hashian, American drummer (b. 1949)
2017 - Joanne Kyger, American poet (b. 1934)
2017 - Sven-Erik Magnusson, Swedish singer (b. 1942)
2017 - Ronnie Moran, English footballer and manager (b. 1934)
2017 - Khalid Masood, English terrorist (b. 1964)
2017 - Tomas Milian, Cuban-born Italian actor (b. 1933)
2017 - Lembit Ulfsak, Estonian actor (b. 1947)
2017 - Pete Hamilton, American racecar driver (b. 1942)
2017 - Marilyn McCord Adams, American philosopher and priest (b. 1943)
2017 - Piroska Oszoli, Hungarian painter (b. 1919)
2018 - Dick Gamble, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929)
2018 - René Houseman, Argentine footballer (b. 1953)
2018 - Wayne Huizenga, American businessman and entrepreneur (b. 1937)
2018 - Dariush Shayegan, Iranian philosopher and cultural theorist (b. 1935)
World Day for Water
Emancipation Day (Puerto Rico)
Earliest date on which Easter can fall, last in 1818, next in 2285 (April 25 is latest Easter date)
Day of the People's Party (Laos)
1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre, in present-day Israel, for Egypt.
1276 - Magnus Ladulas is crowned King of Sweden in Uppsala Cathedral.
1487 - 10-year-old Lambert Simnel is crowned in Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin, Ireland, with the name Edward VI, in a bid to threaten the reign of King Henry VII of England.
1595 - The Nomenclator of Leiden University Library in the Netherlands appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library.
1607 - 100 English settlers leave for Jamestown, Virginia.
1621 – The Protestant Union is formally dissolved.
1626 – Peter Minuit buys Manhattan.
1667 - The French Royal Army crosses the border into the then-Spanish Netherlands, starting the War of Devolution opposing France to the Spanish Empire and the Triple Alliance.
1689 – The English Parliament passes the Act of Toleration, protecting Protestants, with Roman Catholics intentionally excluded.
1738 – John Wesley is converted, establishing the Methodist Movement.
1798 – The Irish Rebellion of 1798 against British rule begins.
1813 - Simon Bolivar enters Mérida, Venezuela.