the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In September 1974, Ochiai was selected the Japan national team for 1974 Asian Games.
At this competition, on 7 September, he debuted against Israel.
After his debut, he played in most games included 1976 Summer Olympics qualification, 1978 World Cup qualification and 1978 Asian Games.
In 1980, 1980 Summer Olympics qualification was his last game for Japan.
He played 63 games and scored 9 goals for Japan until 1980.
After retirement, in 1988, Ochiai became an assistant coach for Japan national team under manager Kenzo Yokoyama who was teammate at Mitsubishi Motors.
In 1992, Ochiai became an assistant coach for Urawa Reds (former Mitsubishi Motors) under manager Takaji Mori.
|1966||rowspan="19"|Mitsubishi Motors||rowspan="19"|JSL Division 1||14||6
|1967||14||13
|1969||14||12
|1972||14||1
|1974||18||2
|1976||18||1
|1975||13||3
|1976||15||2
|1978||14||3
Total||63||9
His brother Hiroaki Matsuyama is also former footballer.
Matsuyama was born in Kyoto on July 31, 1966.
After graduating from Waseda University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Furukawa Electric in 1989.
The club won the 2nd place at the 1990 JSL Cup.
He moved to Matsushita Electric (later Gamba Osaka) in 1991.
He played 120 matches and scored 15 goals for the club.
In 1997, he moved to his local club Kyoto Purple Sanga.
He retired end of 1997 season.
In April 1987, when Matsuyama was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for 1988 Summer Olympics qualification.
At this qualification, on April 8, he debuted against Indonesia.
He played 10 games and scored 4 goals for Japan until 1989.
|1989/90||rowspan="2"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||21||2||||||2||2||23||4
|1990/91||21||4||||||0||0||21||4
|1991/92||Matsushita Electric||JSL Division 1||19||5||||||0||0||19||5
|1992||rowspan="5"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="5"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||1||2||7||2||8||4
|1993||22||3||2||1||0||0||24||4
|1994||29||1||2||1||2||0||33||2
|1995||26||4||4||0||colspan="2"|-||30||4
|1996||24||2||4||0||12||3||40||5
|1997||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J1 League||19||0||2||0||5||2||26||2
Total||10||4
Quim (born 13 November 1975) is a Portuguese football player.
|1994/95||rowspan="10"|Braga||rowspan="10"|Benfica||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|1995/96||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|1996/97||3||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|1997/98||19||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|1998/99||29||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||30||0
|1999/00||34||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|2000/01||34||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|2001/02||22||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|2002/03||33||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|2003/04||32||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Benfica||rowspan="6"|Benfica||19||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||22||0
|2005/06||7||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||12||0
|2006/07||29||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0||45||0
|2007/08||30||0||1||0||1||0||12||0||44||0
|2008/09||16||0||2||0||2||0||5||0||25||0
Fernando Meira (born 5 June 1978) is a Portuguese football player.
He plays for Zenit Saint Petersburg.
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Vitória SC||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||1||0||||||||||1||0
|1996/97||14||0||||||||||14||0
|1997/98||8||0||||||||||8||0
|1998/99||Felgueiras||Liga Honra||33||0||||||||||33||0
|1999/00||Vitória SC||Portuguese Liga||30||2||4||0||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Benfica||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||31||0||3||0||2||0||36||0
|2001/02||15||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|2001/02||rowspan="7"|Stuttgart||rowspan="7"|Bundesliga||14||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||2
|2002/03||31||1||2||0||6||1||39||2
|2003/04||32||1||3||0||8||0||43||1
|2004/05||16||1||1||0||3||1||20||2
|2005/06||32||0||2||0||6||0||40||0
|2006/07||20||3||4||0||colspan="2"|-||24||3
|2007/08||28||3||3||0||6||0||37||3
|2008/09||Galatasaray||Süper Lig||21||0||6||0||10||0||37||0
|2009||rowspan="2"|Zenit Saint Petersburg||rowspan="2"|Premier League||22||1||2||0||2||0||26||1
Pedro Manuel Torres (born 18 March 1982) known mononymously as Mantorras is an Angolan football player.
He plays for Benfica and Angola national team.
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Alverca||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||5||0
|2000/01||26||10
|2001/02||rowspan="9"|Benfica||rowspan="9"|Portuguese Liga||30||13
|2002/03||8||3
|2004/05||15||5
|2006/07||17||2
|2008/09||4||1
Nuno Gomes (born 5 July 1976) is a Portuguese football player.
He plays for Benfica and Portugal national team.
He started his career from Boavista in 1994.
In 1997, he changed team and he went to Benfica.
In 2000/01 season, he went to Fiorentina and in 2002/03 season he returned to Benfica.
|1994/95||rowspan="3"|Boavista||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||17||1||||||colspan="2"|-||||||17||1
|1995/96||28||7||||||colspan="2"|-||||||28||7
|1996/97||34||15||||||colspan="2"|-||||||34||15
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Benfica||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||33||18||5||4||colspan="2"|-||2||0||40||22
|1998/99||34||24||2||3||colspan="2"|-||8||7||44||34
|1999/00||34||18||3||1||colspan="2"|-||6||1||43||20
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Fiorentina||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||9||4||3||colspan="2"|-||||||34||12
|2001/02||23||5||||||colspan="2"|-||6||2||29||7
|2002/03||rowspan="8"|Benfica||rowspan="8"|Portuguese Liga||27||9||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||5||32||14
|2003/04||21||7||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||5||27||12
|2004/05||23||7||5||2||colspan="2"|-||6||3||34||12
|2005/06||29||15||2||1||colspan="2"|-||8||0||39||16
|2006/07||24||6||3||3||colspan="2"|-||12||4||39||13
|2007/08||25||7||2||1||0||0||8||1||35||9
|2008/09||22||7||1||0||1||1||6||1||30||9
|2000||9||4
|2006||7||3
Total||76||29
Nino Bule (born 19 March 1976) is a Croatian football player.
|1995/96||rowspan="5"|Zagreb||rowspan="5"|Prva HNL||3||0
|1996/97||16||3
|1999/00||33||9
|2000||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||13||6
|2001||27||17
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Hajduk Split||rowspan="3"|Prva HNL||9||2
|2002/03||29||6
|2004/05||Pasching||Bundesliga||16||0
|2004/05||Austria Salzburg||Bundesliga||8||3
|2005/06||Admira Wacker Mödling||Bundesliga||27||7
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Rijeka||rowspan="2"|Prva HNL||21||4
|2007/08||28||3
|2008/09||Inter Zaprešić||Prva HNL||14||7
|2008/09||Panserraikos||League Greece||11||1
|2009/10||Lokomotiva Zagreb||Prva HNL||||
|1995||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||15||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||19||1
|1996||15||2||0||0||11||2||26||4
|2000||rowspan="3"|Goiás||rowspan="3"|Série A||10||2||||||||||10||2
|2001||16||2||||||||||16||2
|2002||20||1||||||||||20||1
|2003||São Caetano||Série A||36||5||||||||||36||5
|2004||Corinthians Paulista||Série A||15||2||||||||||15||2
|2005||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||29||6||2||0||6||2||37||8
|2006||24||5||1||0||5||2||30||7
|2007||J. League 2||35||5||2||0||colspan="2"|-||37||5
|2008||Botafogo||Série A||24||4||||||||||24||4
|2009||Goiás||Série A||||||||||||||||
Tiago Mendes (born 2 May 1981) is a Portuguese football player.
He plays for Atlético Madrid and Portugal national team.
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Braga||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||18||1||||||||||||||18||1
|2000/01||27||0||||||||||||||27||0
|2001/02||17||3||||||||||||||17||3
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Benfica||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||15||1||||||||||||||15||1
|2002/03||31||13||||||||||||||31||13
|2003/04||29||5||||||||||||||29||5
|2004/05||Chelsea||Premier League||34||4||2||0||4||0||11||0||51||4
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Olympique Lyonnais||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||29||5||3||0||0||0||8||2||40||7
|2006/07||27||4||2||0||3||0||8||2||40||6
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Juventus||rowspan="3"|Serie A||20||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|2008/09||15||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||20||0
|2009/10||7||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||10||0
|2009/10||Atlético Madrid||La Liga||||||||||||||||||||
Comparative anatomy is the scientific comparison of animal bodies.
The purpose of comparative anatomy is to see their working structure, and to decide upon the phylogenetic relationships between different groups of animals.
The separation of animals into phyla is done mainly by comparative anatomy: see List of animal phyla.
The main techniques used are dissection and microscopy.
Dissection is an ancient method used to find out the inside structure of a living thing (usually done after it is dead).
It is still used by medical students to learn about the details of the human body.
Simple microscopes were first invented in the 17th century, and the compound microscope (still used today) became available in the 19th century.
The purpose of microscopy is to let us see the small details of structure.
Also, the careful comparison of large collections of animals (usually in museums) is often done.
The great era of comparative anatomy was from about 1800 to about 1950.
It was used by those who did not believe in evolution, such as Georges Cuvier, and by those who did, such as Thomas Henry Huxley.
Charles Darwin himself used comparative anatomy as the main tool in his work on barnacles.
Nowadays, the main method used to find out relationships is molecular evolution, which uses DNA sequence analysis.
However, for many research purposes, zoologists still dissect animals.
To get a degree in biology, you need to know about the structure of animals (and plants).
Dissection is a standard laboratory technique in biology and pathology.
To dissect is to cut up a body so as to reveal its structure.
The body could be that of a human, an animal, or a plant.
Dissections are regularly done in autopsies to help determine the cause of death.
They are done by zoologists to find out the internal structure of animal bodies.
The comparative anatomy of animals, revealed by dissections, gives clues as to their evolutionary relationships.
de:Dissektion
List of animal phyla is a list of the major groups of animals usually classified as a phylum.
Modern sources have been used: the list is different from that of Linnaeus or Cuvier.
A list of this type may be arranged alphabetically; equally it might be arranged according to evolutionary relationships.
No list will be completely satisfactory.
Authorities differ in what they consider a phylum, and in the actual name of the phylum.
Despite this, there is agreement on most phyla.
Most modern surveys include groups above the phylum, based on evidence of common descent.
Differences of opinion about evolutionary relationships have been reduced by the use of molecular evolution and molecular clock research.
These make use of protein amino acid sequences, and whole genome DNA sequence analysis.
These modern techniques have led to changes and renaming of many higher categories.
Classification based on traditional comparative anatomy had errors which needed to be corrected.
For example, the old phylum Coelenterata, which had stood for almost two hundred years, was split down into two separate phyla, the Cnidaria and the Ctenophora.
Nematoda: the round worms.
For purists, the name Nemata has priority.
Despite their rather limited body form, this is a major phylum, with huge numbers in every conceivable habitat. "
More than 15,000 species have been described, of an estimated one million living species".p90 Nematodes include both free-living and parasitic species of plants and animals, including man.
Of their large number of species most are likely to be parasites.
Nematodes are one of the few life-forms in which each species has a defined number of cells.
Nematomorpha: small group of nematode-like parasites.
They spend their larval stage in the body cavity of arthropods.
The adult stage is free, but non-feeding, though it may live for several months.
About 250+ species.p85
Priapulida or Priapula: small phylum of 18 species, with large front section which can be drawn back into the body cavity and extruded for feeding.
The larger species are carnivores, seizing prey.
The Burgess Shale fauna from the Cambrian shows that the living species are but a remnant of a once much larger group.p358
Kinorhyncha: another small phylum with an introvert that carries a mouth at the end when extended.p97 Two groups, described as classes in Sørensen.
270 species have been described and many more are expected.
Loricifera: a new phylum, discovered in the 1970s.
They are microscopic, 100–485μm; ~100 species.
They have an exoskeleton called a lorica, and an introvert which can be withdrawn into the trunk.
They live at the bottom of the water column attached to gravel.
Three species live completely without oxygen.
Now 37 described species, in nine genera.
Onychophora: the velvet worms.
Only 110 species from two families, they are relatives of the Arthropods.
Arthropoda: by far the largest phylum.
A recent estimate of the number of arthropods on Earth today is 3.7 million species.
It includes animals with jointed limbs and an exoskeleton made of chitin.
There are many opinions about its classification.
An arrangement found in several texts is: Superphylum Arthropoda: Phyla Chelicerata, Crustacea, Uniramia (Insects + Myriapoda).p61 If Arthropoda is ranked as a phylum, its subdivisions rank as Subphyla:
Trilobitomorpha: the trilobites, Cambrian to Permian.
Chelicerata.
Classes Arachnida: the spiders, mites, scorpions.
Xiphosura: horseshoe crab Limulus.
Pycnogonida: sea spiders.
Eurypterida: sea scorpions (extinct).
63,000 species described.p179
Myriapoda.
Classes: Chilopoda: centipedes.
Diplopoda: millipedes.
Symphyla and Pauropoda: minor groups.
~3000 species.p187
Hexapoda.
Two classes of hugely different size.
Insecta: the insects;p196 overwhelmingly the most common terrestrial animals, with an estimated 1.5 to 3 million species in about 30 orders.
Apterygota are the wingless insects.
Development of insects involves many kinds of larvae, both aquatic and terrestrial and, almost always, metamorphosis.
The other class, the Entognatha consists of three small groups.
Crustacea.
Classes: Branchiopoda: brine shrimps.
Cephalocarida: horseshoe shrimps.
Maxillopoda: barnacles, fish lice.
Ostracoda: seed shrimps.
Malacostraca: lobsters, crabs, shrimp.
Remipedia: a group of blind underground crustacea, globally distributed but confined to coastal aquifers.
First larva is usually a nauplius, which may be followed by other larval stages.
Tardigrada: 'Water bears'.
700 species of microscopic animals from damp or aquatic habitats.
Structure is constant: head, four segments, each with two legs.
Terrestrial species are adapted to survive extreme conditions.
Sipuncula: 150 species, no certain fossil record.
Small, tube-like marine animals with long tentacle-like front part which can be pulled in or out.
The mouth is surrounded by a ring of cilia.
Has pelagic larvae.
Mollusca: a great phylum by number of species and by variety of body forms; largely aquatic.
Hugely important fossil record from the Lower Cambrian.
A major food source for mankind, second only to fish.
United by their mantle, the muscular 'foot', the radula (teeth band), and (ancestrally) by the shell.
Number of living species estimated as 50,000 to 150,000.
Classes: lesser classes are the Aplacophora, Monoplacophora, and Polyplacophora.
Major classes are the Gastropods, Cephalopods, Bivalves and Scaphopods.
A familiarity with bivalve evolution is valuable for identifying strata, so common are their fossils.
Larvae are trochophores; or veligers (many gastropods & bivalves); glochidium (some freshwater bivalves).
Annelida: important phylum of both aquatic and terrestrial segmented worms.
At least 15,000 living species.
Fossil record weak, evolutionary history not well known.
Classes: Polychaeta (marine worms), Oligochaeta (earthworms), Hirudinea (leeches).
Larvae are trochophores or nectochaeta.
Bryozoa, also known as the Ectoprocta: An aquatic phylum with a huge fossil record (one of the most common in the Palaeozoic).
Still fairly common, though little known to the public.
There are now 5000 species, most of which build calcareous skeletons.
They are almost all colonial, and all their zooids are clones.
Phoronida: A very small phylum, with 12 species.
Live on the sea floor (benthic), build chitinous tubes covered with mud or sand or bore into calcareous rock.
Usually have horeshoe-shaped lophophores with ciliated tentacles.
Nemertea or Nemertini: flat, unsegmented ribbon worms, mostly aquatic.
They have also been called Rhynchocoela or proboscis worms.
About 1400 species.
There have been reports of extremely long ribbon worms, unconfirmed.
Larvae are pilidiums.
Platyhelminthes: the flatworms.
Classes: Turbellaria: free-living and aquatic (4,500 species); Trematoda: parasitic flukes of molluscs and vertebrates (~1500 species); Cestoda: tapeworms, parasitic in the digestive tract of vertebrates (3400 species); Monogenea: ectoparasites on the gills and skin of fish (1100 species).
Müller's larva is characteristic of the free-living species, but in the parasitic groups development may be direct.
Rotifera: the rotifers.
The rotifers (2200 species) are everywhere in transient pools and in sea and fresh water.
The ring of cilia circling the mouth and the protective lorica are distinctive.
The phylum now includes the Acanthocephala, parasitic thorn-headed worms.
Brachiopoda: the lamp-shells, with a huge fossil record going back to the Cambrian.
12,000 species, of which 350 are still living (or 100 according to Clarkson).p158 They look rather like bivalves, and they do have an upper and lower part to the shell.
However, their internal organisation is quite different.p395 They were the dominant inshore fauna (infauna) of the Palaeozoic, but were much reduced by the two main extinction events, the P/Tr and K/T. Bivalve molluscs took over their inshore habitats in the Mesozoic, and since then the brachiopods have been confined to deeper water, except for a handful of species.
Entoprocta: A small phylum (150 species) of sessile benthic marine animals.
Gastrotricha: another phylum of small aquatic animals, with about 700 species.
They are bilateral with a complete gut.
They are covered with cilia, and have two terminal glands.
One gland secretes cement, the other dissolves it.
They have a short life span of a few days.
Xenacoelomorpha: A group of marine benthic worms consisting of 3 main lineages defined by a blind gut, a net-like nervous system, and lack of nephridia.
The position of this group on the tree of life is currently debated as either the sister group to all other Bilateria or as sister to all other Deuterostomia
Xenoturbellida: Benthic marine worms, often found in the deeps sea, sizes between 2–20cm.
Acoela: very small marine worms (usually under 2 millimeters in length) found in marine and brackish waters usually living in the benthos.
Nemertodermatida: small marine worms.
~11 described species.
Closely related to Acoela, but differ in that unlike Acoela, they have a permanent intestinal cavity
Echinodermata: One of the most important marine phyla, with radial symmetry.
17,000 living species, which all live in the ocean, mostly on the sea bed.
This is the largest phylum which is entirely marine.
The main classes are quite well-known.
The Crinoids are 'sea lilies', a remnant of a once great clade; the Asterozoa are the starfish, major predators of shell-fish, and the brittle stars.
The Echinozoa are the sea urchins, sand dollars and the sea cucumbers.
There are also some extinct groups.
The echinoderm fossil record is extensive.
Larvae are varied and planktonic: pluteus (echinoids); dipleurula, then bipinneria; then brachiolaria (starfish); ophiopluteus (brittle stars); doliolaris (sea cucumbers).
Hemichordata: The Chordates' closest relatives, three groups which are brought together in most modern taxonomies.
Enteropneusta: the acorn worms.
A small, well-defined group with 70 marine species.
Relatives of the chordates.
†Graptolites: fossil colonial animals.
Pterobranchia: a small sub-phylum of two or three marine groups which usually build tubes, and form small colonies on sea floor.
They have a long fossil record.
Zooids carry prominent ciliated tentacles.
Chordata: the phylum which contains the vertebrates.
As with the Arthropoda, some taxonomists regard this as a Superphylum, with three phyla.
Here, the chordata has three sub-phyla:
Urochordata: the tunicates.
Cephalochordata: the lancelates, such as the former Amphioxus.
Craniata or Vertebrata: the vertebrates.
About 60,000 species recognised.
The term vertebrate usually now excludes the lamprey and hagfish, which are included in the broader term craniate.
Other Bilateria phyla
Cycliophora: a recently discovered group of tiny animals which live on lobsters.
One genus and three species so far.
Gnathostomulida: jaw worms, a small phylum of small marine animals (100 species).
Hermaphrodite, live in muddy benthic habitat, scape food from particles with their jaw.
Chaetognatha: arrow worms.
Only about 120 species, but huge numbers in the plankton; some are benthic.
They are predators, up to 12 cm long.
They use a neurotoxin to subdue prey.
Orthonectida: a small phylum of parasites of marine invertebrates.
Non-Bilateria
Cnidaria: a large phylum, with an extensive fossil record.
10,000 living species.
Aquatic, mainly marine, five classes:
Anthozoa (sea anemones, corals)
Scyphozoa (true jellyfish)
Cubozoa (box jellies)
Staurozoa (stalked jellyfish).
Placozoa: Two described species: Trichoplax adhaerens, discovered in 1883 and ```Hoilungia hongkongensis```.
Small, about 2mm, aquatic, eats bacteria and single-celled algae & protozoa.
Ctenophora: comb jellies.
~200 described species, Aquatic, all marine, usually transparent with eight comb rows of fused cilia.
Mostly pelagic but several benthic species.
Porifera: sponges.
5000 species, aquatic mainly marine but several fresh water species, Have collared cells with long cilia.
Sessile, have cell differentiation.
Skeleton are of spongin, or are calcareous CaCO3, or silicious SiO2.
At least 21 phyla are exclusively aquatic, with several others in quasi-aquatic habitats on land.
None are entirely terrestrial.
This is testimony to the importance of water for life, and to the sea in particular.
It is fairly certain that all phyla originated in the sea or, at any rate, in water.
Most made their first showing in the Cambrian, or in the Ediacaran.
Most of the soft-bodied phyla have left few fossils.
Phyla may be grouped according to evidence about their evolutionary relationships.
The list above puts similar groups together.
This kind of megataxonomy is becoming more convincing as DNA sequence analysis proceeds through the phyla.
Some entirely fossil groups are still placed where they are on anatomy and commonsense rather than hard molecular evidence.
The trilobites are a good example.
Their position in the Arthropoda is based on not much more than their bilateral symmetry and an exoskeleton.
These groupings are discussed further in the references to this page.
This table has the advantage of being sortable.
The terminology differs in places from the above descriptions.
Also, by listing living species only for most phyla, those with huge fossil records (like Bryozoa and Brachiopods) are lower in the order despite being important aquatic forms in the Palaeozoic era.
Groups formerly ranked as phyla
Ruppert, Edward E; Fox, Richard  Barnes, Robert D. 2003.
Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach.
Revision of Barnes' standard textbook.
1008 pages.
Orthoptera are an order of insects.
The order contains grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets. "
Ortho" means "straight", so "Orthoptera" means "straight wings".
This means the front wings, called tegmina, are stiff, straight, and not used for flying.
The back wings are membranous and are folded like a fan under the front wings when the insect is not flying.
Many species use their wings to make sounds, which we usually call "chirping" noises.
Orthopteran insects start life in an egg case.
After three weeks – or when spring comes – the tiny nymphs come out from the egg case.
After four or five molts, they have wings.
This shows that they are adults and are ready to reproduce.
Sound production
Their sounds are produced by using file-like edges to their wings, or wing veins.
In some groups the wing edges are rubbed together, in others the hind limb is rubbed against a wing edge.
Each sound is unique to the species, and its function is identification for mating purposes.
It is males which make the sound, and females move towards it.
In the order Orthoptera, members chew their food, using their mandibles (jaws).
Crickets are omnivores, which means they eat both plants and animals.
Actually, they will eat almost anything: vegetables, cereal, and even their own mate if they are hungry enough.
Katydids are mostly herbivores (plant eaters), though they will eat their own mate, too, if they are hungry enough.
They also enjoy eating aphids and other small, slow-moving creatures.
Grasshoppers almost always eat plants like grass, wheat bran, and lettuce, and they can be terrible crop pests.
It's quite hard to catch a member of Orthoptera because they jump so well.
They have amazing legs - a grasshopper can jump 20 times farther than the length of its body.
Their back legs are very large and long.
These long, strong legs give these insects their great ability to jump.
Crickets, katydids, and grasshoppers are in the same order of Orthoptera because they are alike in many ways.
However, there are several things that make them different from each other.
First, their colors are usually quite different.
Since grasshoppers like to move during the daytime, their colors are similar to grass and bright flowers, making them usually green, light brown, or multicolored (lots of different colors at once).
Crickets move at night, so they are dark.
Katydids like to spend a lot of time on leaves, so they are often leaf-colored, and their wings can look like leaves.
Their wings can have the same vein patterns as leaves, and they often have little brown spots just like the ones that might be found on a leaf.
Secondly, their behaviors are different.
Grasshoppers like being active in the day; crickets, at night; katydids, in the late afternoon and evening.
Thirdly, their antennae is different.
Katydids and crickets usually have long, thin antennae, while grasshoppers usually have short, thick ones.
Of course, this rule does is not perfect – for instance, even though grasshoppers usually have short, thick antennae, the long-horned grasshopper has long, thin antennae like a cricket.
Because of this, it is still sometimes hard to tell the members of this order apart.
Chios is the fifth largest Greek island.
Its total area is 842 Km2.
It is in the northeast of Aegean Sea, near Asia Minor coast.
The biggest town of the island is Chios city.
51,936 people lived there according to the 2001 Greek census.
Corfu (or Kerkyra) is the seventh-largest Greek island.
It is in the Ionian Sea northwest of Greece.
The island has a total area of .
In 2001, 109,537 people lived on the island.
Corfu city is the largest city on Corfu.
In ancient times, Corfu was a colony of ancient Corinth.
This colony was one of the causes for beginning the Peloponnesian War.
Later, the island became a part of the Roman Empire.
It was also a part of the Byzantine Empire.
The island has been controlled by many countries.
In the thirteenth century, the Venetians took control of the island.
They controlled it until 1797.
During this time, the Ottomans attacked the island two times.
They attacked in 1537 and again in 1716.
Under Napoleon's rule, the French took the island.
They lost control of it to the Russians and Turks in 1799.
Control of the island was given back to the French in 1807 and in 1815 to the English.
In 1864, the United Kingdom gave Corfu, with the other Ionian islands, to Greece.
In the nineteenth century, the Empress Elisabeth of Austria, also known as Sissi, built a palace on the island.
The palace is known as Achilleion.
The name of the palace comes from a statue of an ancient hero, Achilles.
Tourism is a very large part of the economy of Corfu.
It is one of the most touristic islands in the Mediterranean Sea.
Every year, many tourists visit the island.
Corfu has many forests and olive trees.
It also has many beaches.
There are many other places of interest on the island.
The city of Corfu has an appearance from an older time.
It has many Venetian, Napoleonic, and Georgian buildings.
The town is an UNESCO monument.
A very important place is Achilleion.
It was the palace of Empress Sissi.
The rest of island has many villages,  beaches and famous castles.
The island is also well known for entertainment.
There are many places which have entertainment.
These include bars, night clubs and cafes.
The part of the island which is full of places of entertainment is Kavos.
Kavos is popular with English tourists.
Adoram Keisi (; born June 17, 1972) is a retired Israeli professional football (soccer) player.
Keisi was playing as a Left Back (defender), and he was known as a great header and as a winner that scores crucial goals when needed (such as the equalizer to Hapoel Tel Aviv or the goal that he scored against Sturm Graz, a goal that gave Maccabi Haifa F.C. the way to the UEFA Champions League group table.
Israeli Premier League - 5 Times, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2003-2004, 2004-05 and 2005-06
Israeli State Cup - 1 Time, 1997-98
Toto Cup - 2 Times, 2002-03 and 2005-06
אדורם קייסי at Maccabi Haifa FC
Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.
A. is an Italian car manufacturer created on June 24, 1910 in Milan.
Alfa Romeo has been a part of the Fiat Group since 1986, and since February 2007 a part of Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.
A. The company was originally known as A.L.F.A., which stands for Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili (English: Lombard Automobile Factory, Public Company).
Alfa Romeo 145: produced 1994-2000
Alfa Romeo 155: produced 1992-1997
Alfa Romeo 159: produced 2005-2011
Alfa Romeo 164: produced 1987-1997
A gangster, mobster, or gangsta is a criminal who is a member of a crime organization, such as a gang.
The terms are widely used in reference to members of gangs associated with American prohibition and the American offshoot of the Mafia, such as the Chicago Outfit or the Five Families.
The related word "mobster" is a term derived from Latin and Aramaic.
A gang is a group of people who, through the organization, formation, and establishment of an assemblage, share a common identity.
In early usage, the word gang referred to a group of workmen.
In the United Kingdom the word is still often used in this sense.
Peter Lawrence Buck (born December 6, 1956 in Berkeley, California) is an American guitarist and songwriter.
He is best known for being a member of the alternative rock band  R.E.M..
His main instrument that he has used for his entire music career is a back Rickenbacker 360 electric guitar.
On September 9, 2008, after a concert in Helsinki, his famous black guitar was stolen.
On September 18, 2008 it was given back to him.
The name of the person who returned it is not known.
Interstate 15 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from San Diego, California north to Sweetgrass, Montana at the Canada border.
It also connects the cities of Las Vegas, Nevada and Salt Lake City, Utah.
The route is  long and passes through the states of California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Idaho, and Montana.
Interstate 16 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Georgia in the United States.
It goes from Macon east to Savannah.
Interstate 17 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Arizona in the United States.
It goes from Phoenix north to Flagstaff.
Interstate 19 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Arizona in the United States.
It goes from Nogales at the Mexico border north to Tucson.
Interstate 20 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Kent, Texas east to Florence, South Carolina.
The state of North Carolina wanted to expand the interstate to Wilmington, North Carolina to I-40.
This was not approved by the South Carolina government and the United States government and was canceled, though.
Interstate 22 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Memphis, Tennessee, east to Birmingham, Alabama, on U.S. Route 78.
Interstate 24 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Goreville, Illinois southeast to East Ridge, Tennessee.
Interstate 25 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Las Cruces, New Mexico north to Buffalo, Wyoming.
Cities in between include Albuquerque, New Mexico; Santa Fe, New Mexico; Pueblo, Colorado; Colorado Springs, Colorado; Denver, Colorado; Cheyenne, Wyoming; and Casper, Wyoming.
Interstate 26 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Kingsport, Tennessee southeast to Charleston, South Carolina.
Interstate 27 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Texas in the United States.
It goes from Lubbock north to Amarillo.
Interstate 29 (I-29) is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Kansas City, Missouri, north to Pembina, North Dakota, at the Canada border.
I-29 starts in Kansas City, Missouri.
It is a very hilly route, and it is surrounded by forests.
It travels north through the city of St. Joseph, and then enters Iowa.
In Iowa, I-29 runs near the Missouri River and runs through many cities that were settled on the river like Council Bluffs, which is a suburb of Omaha, and Sioux City.
North of Sioux City, the highway curves to the west and enters South Dakota.
Here the route becomes very flat and the area around the highway turns to plains.
I-29 passes by Sioux Falls, Brookings, and Watertown.
Then, it enters the Glacier Lakes area of South Dakota, which is very hilly.
North of here, the route enters North Dakota and becomes flat again.
In North Dakota, I-29 runs just to the west of the Red River of the North.
It runs through Fargo and Grand Forks before it reaches the Canadian border.
I-29 ends here, but the road continues north into Canada, and is known as Manitoba Highway 29.
Interstate 30 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from the Fort Worth, Texas area east to Little Rock, Arkansas.
Interstate 35 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Laredo, Texas at the Mexico border north to Duluth, Minnesota.
In June 2015, the highway was closed because of high water and a rock slide caused by Tropical Storm Bill.
On June 18, the southbound lanes opened.
It was not known when the northbound lanes would open.
Between the Oklahoma border and Emporia, I-35 is part of the Kansas Turnpike.
This part of the interstate goes through Wichita and goes through the Flint Hills area.
At Emporia, I-35 separates itself into a new road.
This free part of I-35 goes through Ottawa before entering the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, where it goes through Johnson County, and Kansas City, Kansas.
Kansas City Star's "I-35 Odyssey, A Summer Travel Series"
Highway History - A Look at the History of the Federal Highway Administration
Interstate 35 Through Austin
Interstate 37 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Texas in the United States.
It goes from Corpus Christi north to San Antonio.
Interstate 39 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Normal, Illinois north to Rothschild, Wisconsin.
Interstate 40, or I-40 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It runs from Barstow, California in the west to Wilmington, North Carolina in the east.
From west to east, it goes throughout the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.
Some big cities it goes through are Albuquerque, New Mexico; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Little Rock, Arkansas; Memphis, Tennessee; Nashville, Tennessee; Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Greensboro, North Carolina; Durham, North Carolina; and Raleigh, North Carolina.
Interstate 43 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Wisconsin in the United States.
It goes from Beloit north to Green Bay.
Interstate 44 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Wichita Falls, Texas northeast to St. Louis, Missouri.
Interstate 45 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Texas in the United States.
It goes from Galveston north to Dallas.
Interstate 49 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Louisiana in the United States.
It goes from Lafayette north to Kansas City.
Interstate 55 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Laplace, Louisiana north to Chicago, Illinois.
Interstate 57 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Miner, Missouri north to Chicago, Illinois.
Interstate 59 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Slidell, Louisiana northeast to Wildwood, Georgia.
Interstate 64 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Wentzville, Missouri east to Chesapeake, Virginia.
Interstate 65 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Mobile, Alabama north to Gary, Indiana.
Interstate 66 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Middletown, Virginia east to Washington, D.C.. The route is  long.
Interstate 68 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Morgantown, West Virginia east to Hancock, Maryland.
Interstate 69 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
The main part of it goes from Indianapolis, Indiana north to Port Huron, Michigan at the Canada border.
This part of the route is  long.
There are also parts of Interstate 69 in Mississippi and near Evansville, Indiana that are not currently connected to the other part.
They will be connected when Interstate 69 is built from Indianapolis southwest to Texas.
Interstate 70 is a major interstate highway in the United States.
It begins in Cove Fort, Utah, and it goes east to Baltimore, Maryland.
The route is  long and travels through 10 states.
It also goes through some major cities in the heart of America including Denver, Kansas City, St. Louis, Indianapolis, and Columbus.
Interstate 71 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Louisville, Kentucky northeast to Cleveland, Ohio.
Interstate 72 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Hannibal, Missouri east to Champaign, Illinois.
Interstate 73 is an Interstate Highway in the state of North Carolina in the United States.
The route goes from Myrtle Beach north to Roanoke.
This road is to be a part of a longer Interstate 73 going from South Carolina to Michigan.
Interstate 74 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
The main part of it goes from Davenport, Iowa east to Cincinnati, Ohio and will be extended to Georgetown, South Carolina.
There are three parts of Interstate 74 that are in North Carolina, with no part being connected.
All four parts of Interstate 74 will become part of one road.
Interstate 74 was  long as of 2021.
Interstate 76 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Arvada, Colorado northeast to Big Springs, Nebraska.
It goes from Westfield Center, Ohio east to Bellmawr, New Jersey.
Just west of Youngstown, I-76 joins the Ohio Turnpike and heads around the south side of Youngstown.
In Pennsylvania, I-76 runs across most of the state on the Pennsylvania Turnpike.
It passes near Pittsburgh and Harrisburg before leaving the Turnpike to enter Philadelphia.
It is called the Schuylkill Expressway in Philadelphia.
It crossing the Walt Whitman Bridge into New Jersey.
After Interstate 76 reaches its eastern terminus,  the freeway continues as Route 42 and the Atlantic City Expressway to Atlantic City.
Interstate 77 is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States.
It goes from Columbia, South Carolina north to Cleveland, Ohio.
It traverses diverse terrain, from the mountainous state of West Virginia to the rolling farmlands of North Carolina and Ohio.
It mostly replaces the old U.S. Route 21 between Cleveland, Ohio, and Columbia, South Carolina, as an important north–south corridor through the middle Appalachians.
The southern terminus of Interstate 77 is in Columbia at the junction with Interstate 26.
The northern terminus is in Cleveland at the junction with Interstate 90.
The East River Mountain Tunnel, connecting Virginia and West Virginia, is one of only two instances in the United States where a mountain road tunnel crosses a state line.
The other is the Cumberland Gap Tunnel, connecting Tennessee and Kentucky.
Interstate 78 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Union Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania east to New York City.
On the west, it starts at Interstate 81 northeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
It passes through Allentown, Pennsylvania, and western and northern New Jersey.
It goes in the Holland Tunnel to end in Lower Manhattan in New York City.
I-78 is a major road linking ports in the New York City and New Jersey area to points west.
Over 4 million trucks use it annually.
Trucks are 24% of all traffic.
Truck traffic on the road is projected to rise once the widening of the Panama Canal is completed in 2015.
With a wider canal, more Asian ships are expected to use East Coast ports.
Interstate 79 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Charleston, West Virginia north to Erie, Pennsylvania.
It is a primary thoroughfare through western Pennsylvania and West Virginia.
It is also an important corridor to Buffalo, New York, and the Canadian border.
From Sutton north, Interstate 79 generally parallels the path of U.S. Route 19.
With the exception of the area between Washington and Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, I-79 functionally replaces U.S. Route 19.
In West Virginia, Interstate 79 is called the Jennings Randolph Expressway.
In the three most northern counties it is part of the "High Tech Corridor".
Through most of Pennsylvania, it is called the Raymond P. Shafer Highway.
Auxiliary routes
Interstate 279 heads southeast from Interstate 79 in Pittsburgh's northern suburbs to Interstate 376 in downtown Pittsburgh.
Interstate 579 heads south from Interstate 279 in Pittsburgh's North Side to the Liberty Bridge and the Boulevard of the Allies just east of downtown Pittsburgh.
Interstate 80 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from San Francisco, California east to Teaneck, New Jersey (just outside of New York City).
The route is  long, making it the second longest Interstate Highway in the United States behind I-90.
It goes through 11 states: California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.
I-80 is the Interstate Highway that closely follows the route of the historic Lincoln Highway, the first road across America.
The highway traces other historical routes in the Western United States: the Oregon Trail across Wyoming and Nebraska, the California Trail across most of Nevada and California, and except in the Great Salt Lake area, the entire route of the First Transcontinental Railroad.
From near Chicago, Illinois, east to near Youngstown, Ohio, Interstate 80 is a toll road, containing the majority of both the Indiana Toll Road and the Ohio Turnpike.
It also has a small part of the Illinois Tollway.
I-80 and Interstate 90 share the same road from near Portage, Indiana to Elyria, Ohio.
I-80 becomes the Keystone Shortway (a freeway built across rural northern Pennsylvania.)
The eastern end of I-80 is its junction with the New Jersey Turnpike and Interstate 95 just west of the George Washington Bridge entering New York City.
Interstate 83 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Baltimore, Maryland north to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
Most of the route south of Lemoyne, Pennsylvania is a direct replacement of US 111, a former spur of US 11.
The Jones Falls Expressway, known to local residents as the JFX, is a  long freeway.
It is the part of Interstate 83 from downtown Baltimore to the northern suburbs.
I-83 then joins I-695 (Baltimore Beltway) for 1.4 miles.
After separating from the Beltway, I-83 is now known as the Baltimore-Harrisburg Expressway.
Running due north away from the Beltway, I-83 goes next to Maryland Route 45 York Road, the former route of US 111.
I-83 goes to the west of Timonium and Cockeysville.
I-83 enters Pennsylvania southeast of New Freedom, passing to the east of Shrewsbury and goes due north towards York.
The route goes around the boroughs of Loganville and Jacobus before entering the city of York.
North of Pennsylvania Route 295, I-83 is known as the Susquehanna Expressway.
I-83 has this name as it passes to the south and west of Valley Green.
I-83 then goes north towards Harrisburg.
South of Harrisburg, I-83 interchanges with Interstate 76, the Pennsylvania Turnpike.
North of I-76, I-83 continues due north, passing through New Cumberland, before merging with Pennsylvania Route 581 in Lemoyne.
After merging with PA 581, I-83 is known as the Harrisburg Expressway.
The highway turns due east within the merge and crosses the Susquehanna River over the John Harris Bridge, south of Harrisburg's central business district.
It ends at an interchange with Interstate 81.
AARoads.com article on I-83
I-83 @ MDRoads.com
Interstate Guide - I-83
Maryland Multiplexes - I-83/I-695 Duplex
Pennsylvania Multiplexes - I-83/US 322 Duplex
Steve Anderson's DCroads.net: Baltimore-Harrisburg Expressway (I-83)
Steve Anderson's DCroads.net: Jones Falls Expressway (I-83)
Roads to the Future: Baltimore Harbor Interstate Map
Kelly, Jacques. "
JFX is a long stretch of history," The Baltimore Sun, Saturday, February 7, 2009.
Interstate 84 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Dunmore, Pennsylvania east to Sturbridge, Massachusetts.
Interstate 85 is an Interstate Highway in the Southeastern United States.
It goes from Montgomery, Alabama northeast to Petersburg, Virginia.
Interstate 86 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Idaho in the United States.
It goes from Declo east to Chubbock.
Interstate 86 is an Interstate Highway in the United States in two parts.
The west part goes from Erie, Pennsylvania east to Elmira, New York.
The east part goes from Binghamton, New York east to Windsor.
The two parts of the route add up to .
Interstate 87 is an Interstate Highway in the state of New York in the United States.
It goes from New York City north to Champlain at the Canada border where it connects to Autoroute 15.
The southern half of the interstate (between NYC and Albany) is part of the New York State Thruway (tollway).
North of Albany, the highway is called the Adirondack Northway.
It also clashes with I-287 in Westchester County.
from exits 8-15.
Its short length through the NYC borough of the Bronx is called the Major Deegan Expressway.
Interstate 88 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Illinois in the United States.
It goes from Silvis east to Hillside.
It is named after American president Ronald Reagan.
Things named after Ronald Reagan
Interstate 88 is an Interstate Highway in the state of New York in the United States.
It goes from Chenango northeast to Rotterdam.
Interstate 89 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Concord, New Hampshire north to Highgate Springs, Vermont at the Canada border.
Interstate 93 is an Interstate Highway in the New England region of the United States.
It goes from Canton, Massachusetts north to St. Johnsbury, Vermont.
Interstate 94 is an Interstate Highway in the United States.
It goes from Billings, Montana east to Port Huron, Michigan at the Canada border.
It is the eighth longest Interstate Highway in the United States and the longest Interstate Highway that does not end in a 0 or a 5.
Interstate 96 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Michigan in the United States.
It goes from Muskegon east to Detroit.
The 2030 Winter Olympics will be held.
The European Space Agency hopes to land humans on Mars between 2030 and 2035.
November 5: United States congressional elections.
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency will construct a manned lunar base.
All New Zealand cars will be hybrid, bio-fuel, or electric.
The joint venture partnership between Volkswagen Group China and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation is due to end.
By 2030, "advanced countries will be competing for immigrants," because of declining birthrates, according to George Friedman.
"More robots than people in developed countries" is also predicted for 2030.
The entire infrastructure of the California High-Speed Rail system will be completed.
The 2030 FIFA World Cup will be held
Interstate 97 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Maryland in the United States.
It goes from Annapolis north to Baltimore.
The route is  long and is the shortest 2-digit Interstate.
Coleman was born in Richfield Springs, New York in 1827 to Hamilton and Nancy Coleman.
He received a law degree from the University of Louisville Law School in 1849.
Coleman then moved to Missouri and went into farming.
In 1855 he started the Valley Farmer newspaper.