the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Since the best efforts of scientists and mathematicians have not found general, easy methods for solving NP problems yet, many people believe that there are NP problems other than P problems (that is, that P ≠ NP is true).
Most mathematicians also believe this to be true, but currently no one has proven it by rigorous mathematical analysis.
If it can be proven that NP and P are the same (P = NP is true), it would have a huge impact on many aspects of day-to-day life.
For this reason, the question of P versus NP is an important and widely studied topic.
Suppose someone wants to build two towers, by stacking rocks of different mass.
One wants to make sure that each of the towers has exactly the same mass.
That means one will have to put the rocks into two piles that have the same mass.
If one guesses a division of the rocks that one thinks will work, it would be easy for one to check if one was right.
(To check the answer, one can divide the rocks into two piles, then use a balance to see if they have the same mass.)
Because it is easy to check this problem, called 'Partition' by computer scientists—easier than to solve it outright, as we will see—it is not a P problem.
How hard is it to solve, outright?
If one starts with just 100 rocks, there are 2^{100-1}-1 = 633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,687, or about 6.3 x 10^{29} possible ways (combinations) to divide these rocks into two piles.
If one could check one unique combination of rocks every day, it would take 1.3 x 10^{22} or 1,300,000,000,000,000,000,000 years of effort.
For comparison, physicists believe that the universe is about 1.4 x 10^{10} years old (450,000,000,000,000,000 or about 4.5 x 10^{17} seconds, or about one trillionth as old as the time it would take for our rock piling effort.
That means that if one takes all of the time that has passed since the beginning of the universe, one would need to check more than two trillion (2,000,000,000,000) different ways of dividing the rocks every second, in order to check all of the different ways.
If one programmed a powerful computer, to test all of these ways to divide the rocks, one might be able to check  combinations per second using current systems.
This means one would still need  very powerful computers, working since the origin of the universe, to test all the ways of dividing the rocks.
However, it may be possible to find a method of dividing the rocks into two equal piles without checking all combinations.
The question "Is P equal to NP?"
is a shorthand for asking if any method like that can exist.
Why it matters
There are many important NP problems that people don't know how to solve in a way that is faster than testing every possible answer.
A travelling salesman wants to visit 100 cities by driving, starting and ending his trip at home.
He has a limited supply of gasoline, so he can only drive a total of 10,000 kilometers.
He wants to know if he can visit all of the cities without running out of gasoline.
A school offers 100 different classes, and a teacher needs to choose one hour for each class' final exam.
To prevent cheating, all of the students who take a class must take the exam for that class at the same time.
If a student takes more than one class, then all of those exams must be at a different time.
The teacher wants to know if he can schedule all of the exams in the same day so that every student is able to take the exam for each of their classes.
A farmer wants to take 100 watermelons of different masses to the market.
She needs to pack the watermelons into boxes.
Each box can only hold 20 kilograms without breaking.
The farmer needs to know if 10 boxes will be enough for her to carry all 100 watermelons to market. (
This is trivial, if no more than one watermelon weighs more than 2 kg then any 10 can be placed in each of the crates, if no more than ten watermelons weighs more than 2 kg then one of each of them can be placed in each crate, etc.,
to a fast solution; observation will be the key to any rapid solution such as this or the number set problem).
A large art gallery has many rooms, and each wall is covered with many expensive paintings.
The owner of the gallery wants to buy cameras to watch these paintings, in case a thief tries to steal any of them.
He wants to know if 100 cameras will be enough for him to make sure that each painting can be seen by at least one camera.
The clique problem: The principal of a school has a list of which students are friends with each other.
She wants to find a group of 10% of the students that are all friends with each other.
In the example above, we see that with  rocks, there are  ways to partition the set of rocks.
With  rocks, there are  combinations.
The function  is an exponential function.
It's important to NP because it models the worst-case number of computations that are needed to solve a problem and, thus, the worst-case amount of time required.
And so far, for the hard problems, the solutions have required on the order of  computations.
For any particular problem, people have found ways to reduce the number of computations needed.
One might figure out that a way to do just 1% of the worst-case number of computation and that saves a lot of computing, but that is still  computations.
And every extra rock still doubles the number of computations needed to solve the problem.
There are insights that can produce methods to do even fewer computations producing variations of the model: e.g. .
But the exponential function still dominates as  grows.
Consider the problem of scheduling exams (described above).
But suppose, next, that there are 15000 students.
There's a computer program that takes the schedules of all 15000 students.
It runs in an hour and outputs an exam schedule so that all students can do their exams in one week.
It satisfies lots of rules (no back-to-back exams, no more than 2 exams in any 28 hour period, ...) to limit the stress of exam week.
The program runs for one hour at mid-term break and everyone knows his/her exam schedule with plenty of time to prepare.
The next year, though, there are 10 more students.
If the same program runs on the same computer then that one hour is going to turn into  hours, because every additional student doubles the computations.
That's  weeks!
If there were 20 more students, then
hours =  hours ~  days ~  years
Thus, for  students, it takes one hour.
For  students, it takes  years.
As you can see, exponential functions grow really fast.
Most mathematicians believe that the hardest NP problems require exponential time to solve.
NP-complete problems
Mathematicians can show that there are some NP problems that are NP-Complete.
An NP-Complete problem is at least as difficult to solve as any other NP problem.
This means that if someone found a method to solve any NP-Complete problem quickly, they could use that same method to solve every NP problem quickly.
All of the problems listed above are NP-Complete, so if the salesman found a way to plan his trip quickly, he could tell the teacher, and she could use that same method to schedule the exams.
The farmer could use the same method to determine how many boxes she needs, and the woman could use the same method to find a way to build her towers.
Because a method that quickly solves one of these problems can solve them all, there are many people who want to find one.
However, because there are so many different NP-Complete problems and nobody so far has found a way to solve even one of them quickly, most experts believe that solving NP-Complete problems quickly is not possible.
Basic Properties
It is in the set of NP (non-deterministic polynomial time) problems: Any given solution to the problem can be verified quickly (in polynomial time).
It is also in the set of NP-hard problems: Those which are at least as hard as the hardest problems in NP.
Problems that are NP-hard do not have to be elements of NP; indeed, they may not even be decidable.
Formal overview
NP-complete is a subset of NP, the set of all decision problems whose solutions can be verified in polynomial time; NP may be equivalently defined as the set of decision problems solved in polynomial time on a machine.
A problem p in NP is also in NPC if and only if every other problem in NP is transformed into p in polynomial time.
NP-complete was to be used as an adjective: problems in the class NP-complete were as NP+complete problems.
NP-complete problems are studied because the ability to quickly verify solutions to a problem (NP) seems to correlate with the ability to quickly solve problem (P).
It is found every problem in NP is quickly solved—as called the P = NP: problem set.
The single problem in NP-complete is solved quickly, faster than every problem in NP also quickly solved, because the definition of an NP-complete problem states every problem in NP must be quickly reducible to every problem in NP-complete (it is reduced in polynomial time).
The Boolean satisfiability problem is known to be NP complete.
In 1972, Richard Karp formulated 21 problems that are known to be NP-complete.
These are known as  Karp's 21 NP-complete problems.
They include problems such as the Integer programming problem, which applies linear programming techniques to the integers, the knapsack problem, or the vertex cover problem.
Backstreet Boys, also known as BSB, is an American pop supergroup that became popular during the 1990s and 2000s.
They are the highest selling boy band of all time with 130 million records sold.
The members are AJ McLean, Howie Dorough, Nick Carter, Kevin Richardson and Brian Littrell.
Kevin Richardson left the group in 2006 and rejoined in 2012.
Backstreet Boys originated in Orlando, Florida and was formed on April 20, 1993 by Lou Pearlman with the help of a producer, Lil’ Shy.
The early line-up of the group were Howie Dorough (19), AJ McLean (15), Nick Carter (13), Sam Licata and Charles Edwards.
However Licata and Edwards left in early 1993 for personal reasons.
In April 1993, Kevin Richardson along with his cousin Brian Littrell completed the group.
After series of tours and the failure of possible Mercury Records, the Backstreet Boys was finally spotlighted in Cleveland, Ohio by Jive Records in February 1994.
They recorded their very first single, “We’ve Got it Goin’, written by Denniz PoP and included in Backstreet Boys’ first self-titled album that was released in summer of 1996.
Howie Dorough was born in Orlando, Florida on August 22, 1973.
He started his entertainment career at a tender age of six when he participated in an Orlando Production, The Wizard of Oz.
As he grew old, he became more active in their school choir and theater.
Howie has also performed in various Nickelodeon productions and other movies.
AJ McLean was born in West Palm Beach, Florida on January 9, 1978.
Like Howie, he was also a product of Nickelodeon and Disney Productions.
AJ joined the group after a series of auditions with original co-members, Howie Dorough and Nick Carter.
Nick Carter was born in Jamestown, New York on January 28, 1980.
Being the youngest member of Backstreet Boys, Nick at his very young age of 12 hit the music industry along with his co-members with his rasping but melodic voice.
True artist at heart, he also auditioned in several acting roles and appeared in the popular in 1990, the Edward Scissorhands.
Nick together with AJ McLean and Howie Dorough was recruited by Lou Pearlman in his forming group.
Nick Carter is the elder brother of singer Aaron Carter.
Kevin Richardson was born in Lexington, Kentucky, USA on October 3, 1971.
Kevin grew up in a farm with his parents and two siblings.
After graduating in high school, Kevin left his family to pursue his dream of becoming an actor and a singer.
He along with his older brother went to Orlando, Florida to try his luck.
He became a model, tour guide at Walt Disney World and a dance instructor.
At age 21, he joined Backstreet Boys and convinced his cousin, Brian Littrell to also join the group.
Kevin left the group on June 23, 2006 and rejoined on April 29, 2012.
Brian Littrell completed the Backstreet Boys group as its fifth member in 1993 after a phone audition to Lou Pearlman.
Brian is the cousin of Kevin Richardson.
Born on February 20, 1975 in Lexington, Kentucky USA, Brian began singing as a child in a nearby church.
He went to Orlando, Florida and completed the group on April 20,1993.
2Pac
Backstreet Boys Official Site
Backstreet.net
2004 establishments in Florida
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. are an English football team based in the city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England.
They began playing in the Premier League in the 2017–18 season.
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. were formed in 1901.
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. official website
1901 establishments in England
Withdean Stadium is an athletics stadium in Brighton, England.
It is the home stadium of Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. This is no longer the case as Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. have moved to a new stadium, The American Express Community Stadium.
Isambard Kingdom Brunel (9 April 1806 – 15 September 1859) was an English engineer.
He was born in Portsea, Portsmouth.
He created the Great Western Railway.
He built many steamships and many bridges and tunnels.
His designs revolutionised public transport and modern engineering.
During his career, Brunel achieved many engineering "firsts".
He assisted the building of the first tunnel under a large river.
He designed the SS Great Britain, the first propeller-driven ocean-going iron ship, at the time (1843) the largest ship ever built.
He was the first designer of the Clifton Suspension Bridge.
The bridge had a complicated history.
It is a long bridge at a great height over the River Avon.
Brunel died before the bridge was completed, and before the first voyage of his ship the SS Great Eastern.
The Crab-eating Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora), is also known as the Asian Brackish Frog, Mangrove Frog and the Rice Field Frog.
It is a frog native to south-eastern Asia including the Philippines and more rarely as far west as Orissa in India.
Populations of the frog have been introduced into New Guinea and Guam.
The Crab-eating Frog lives in mangrove forests, in river estuaries, swamps, and other wet areas.
It also lives in man-made places like rice fields and roadside ditches.
Humulus (or hop) is a flowering plant.
It is mostly found in the northern hemisphere.
It's female flowers are often called cones.
Hop is used in breweries for making beer.
Guillaume de Machaut (pronounce: "GHEE-yoam de MA-show") (born around 1300; died April 1377), was a Medieval French poet and composer.
He was the most important composer of the 14th century.
He is one of the earliest composers whose life we know something about.
Machaut worked for John of Luxemburg, king of Bohemia, around 1323.
The king travelled around Europe, fighting, and Machaut went with him, working as his secretary.
After 1330 he became canon of several cathedrals.
After John of Luxemburg died during a battle in 1346, Machaut worked for John's daughter Bonne (who later married King John II of France), then King Charles the Bad of Navarre, Charles of Normandy who became King Charles V in 1364 and the King of Cyprus.
He also worked for wealthy dukes.
With all that work it is surprising that he had time to compose.
He seems to have spent his later years living in Rheins, working on his compositions.
Machaut wrote many motets and the secular songs, as well as many poems including rondeaus, virelais and ballades).
Machaut wrote a mass known as Messe de Nostre Dame.
It is the earliest known setting of the complete text for the mass, and it had a lot of influence on later composers.
Many of his poems belong to the type which were known as "dits".
A "dit" (meaning: "spoken") was a poem that was not meant to be sung.
It was in the first person (the "I" form).
Many of them are about a lover trying to get the attentions of a lady he loves.
Pérotin (lived around 1200), was a medieval composer.
He was probably French.
Nothing is known about his life except that he worked in or around Paris in the late 12th century to early 13th century.
People have tried to find out who he was by studying the archives of Notre Dame Cathedral, but his name has not been found there.
He probably had another name, and used the name Pérotin for his compositions.
Pérotin worked on a very important collection of polyphonic music called Magnus Liber (meaning: Big Book).
The composer Léonin had written a lot of this music.
He may have been Pérotin's teacher, but we do not know.
He seems to have written music for four voices which are settings of words for the Feast of the Circumcision and St Stephen's Day.
He wrote three and four voice music of a type called organum.
It was a very important development in the history of Western music.
He wrote music in a polyphonic style.
Often he took a tune and arranged it so that one voice sang it incredibly slowly while another voice sang something much faster on top.
It is difficult to work out any dates for his works because of the way the music was written.
Often it is not even clear what mode they are in.
London, Macmillan
It is on National Rail, London Underground, London Overground and Docklands Light Railway (DLR) lines.
It is served by the Underground Central and Jubilee lines, and by London Overground, Abellio Greater Anglia, TfL Rail and c2c.
It is in Travelcard Zone 3.
To distinguish the station from Stratford-upon-Avon this station is called Stratford (London) by National Rail, and is sometimes referred to as Stratford Regional to distinguish it from Stratford International station  away.
Goods facilities
There were three primary goods facilities in the Stratford area in the steam age, although the nearby Stratford Works and engine shed generated their own traffic.
A short distance to the north of Stratford station (on the line to Cambridge) there were marshalling yards at Temple Mills.
There was a small goods yard north of the station on the east side of the line which occupied a constrained site.
The mainstay of traffic was domestic coal although shortly before closure in the 1960s the site was used as a reception point for concrete components for the building of tower blocks in Newham.
There was a small depot at Carpenters Road about a quarter of a mile south of Stratford station.
Opened in 1900, the depot consisted of four long sidings and primarily dealt with coal and building materials.
It was closed on 7 December 1964.
There was a large depot at Stratford Market railway station.
All of these three facilities were operated by the Great Eastern Railway up until 1923 before being taken over by the London & North Eastern Railway until nationalisation in 1948 when they became part of British Railways Eastern Region.
There was also a goods terminal at Bow operated by the Midland Railway which is still open today mostly for building materials.
During the 1960s part of the Stratford Works site was converted to the London International Freight Terminal (LIFT) which opened in 1967 and there was a freight liner terminal that operated on the far side of the Stratford railway complex (on the Channelsea Loop line) between 1967 and 1994.
The former site is now occupied by the international station and shopping centre.
Stratford International
The nearby Stratford International station opened on 30 November 2009 (for preview services only).
Since 13 December 2009 Southeastern began its full domestic high-speed service between London St Pancras, directly to Ebbsfleet International and Ashford in Kent.
The Docklands Light Railway 'Stratford International' extension has provided a link between the two stations since 31 August 2011.
There is also a walking route between the two stations passing through the newly built Westfield Stratford City Shopping Centre.
Despite Stratford International's name, no international trains call there, and Eurostar (currently the only international operator) has no plans to do so.
Passengers instead interconnect on high-speed trains travelling to either London St Pancras or Ebbsfleet in Kent, there are a number of other potential operators that may use the station for international services.
These include Deutsche Bahn's proposed London-Frankfurt/Amsterdam service and the proposed "Transmanche Metro" service to Calais via local stations.
Stratford City
In preparation for the Olympics and the Stratford City development, a new north-facing exit and ticket hall has been built.
Both existing passenger subways have been extended north to connect with the ticket hall, and the abandoned subway at the eastern end of the station, which formed part of the old station complex, has been reopened and refurbished to allow interchange between platforms 3–12 and the new high-level platforms 1 & 2.
A new pedestrian bridge has also been built to connect Stratford shopping centre with the Stratford City development.
The northern ticket hall and the footbridge opened along with Westfield Stratford City on 13 September 2011.
Bus stations
Stratford bus station is to the south of the station and Stratford City bus station is to the north.
Both are served by bus services right across London and to the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.
Docklands Light Railway website - Stratford station page
Diagram showing planned platform layout of Stratford Station
Diagram showing planned subway layout of Stratford Station
More photographs of Stratford station
DLR Project Updates at Stratford Station
Docklands Light Railway stations
Central line stations
Léonin (lived in the late 12th century) is the first composer we know about who wrote organum, a kind of church music.
We know nothing about his life.
He seems to have worked at Notre Dame Cathedral because he wrote a collection of music called Magnus Liber (meaning: Big Book), or, at least, he wrote some of it.
This book has music for two voices.
It was designed for services at Notre Dame.
A younger composer called Pérotin did some more work on the collection, changing some of it.
Stanley Sadie; 1980.
Ipswich railway station is a railway station serving the town of Ipswich in Suffolk, England.
Railway stations in Suffolk
1860 establishments in England
Kabalevsky is particularly well known as a composer of children's music.
Many of these pieces are short pieces for children who are learning the piano.
He also wrote larger works such as concertos for the piano and violin.
In 1918, his family moved to Moscow, where he had formal lessons in music at the Scriabin Musical Institute.
He was known for attempting to get children involved in music.
In 1925 he began his training at the Moscow Conservatory, studying composition with Catoire and later with Miaskovsky, also continuing piano studies with Goldenveyzer.
5 in C minor, Op.
67 is a symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven.
It is the fifth of his nine symphonies.
It was written between 1804 and 1808.
This symphony is one of the most popular and well-known works of classical music.
The symphony was first performed in Vienna's Theater an der Wien in 1808.
His Sixth Symphony was also performed for the first time at the same concert.
The Fifth Symphony soon became recognized as one of the most important musical works.
The opening of the symphony is so famous that it has often been quoted.
Other composers have used it in their compositions, e.g. Sergei Rachmaninoff in his song Fate.
It has often been used in popular culture, from disco to rock and roll, and in film and television.
During World War II, the BBC used the four-note motif to introduce its radio news broadcasts because "short-short-short-long" spells the letter "V" in Morse code.
The "V" meant "Victory".
It was played very quietly on a drum.
People in Nazi occupied countries who wanted to hear the news listened in secret to the BBC news because it was more likely to be true.
When Beethoven wrote this symphony he was in his mid-thirties.
He was becoming more and more deaf.
He found this terribly hard to bear.
He thought that he, of all people, should have perfect hearing.
He felt very depressed, but he decided not to commit suicide, but to stay alive and write down all the music he had in his head.
He wrote about this in a letter called the Heiligenstadt Testament.
The opening of the Fifth Symphony sounds very bold and heroic.
The whole symphony sounds like a struggle which starts from those four notes.
People have often said that those four notes represent fate knocking at the door.
By the time we get to the last movement (the finale) the music has become major instead of minor.
It sounds as if Beethoven has overcome his depression.
Beethoven No 5
The spectrum of a ring is a thing studied in the branch of mathematics called algebraic geometry.
This construction allows us to think of abstract mathematical objects as "functions" acting over some geometric space.
In this case, the most natural geometric space is called the spectrum of the ring.
In algebra, commutative ring is a set of elements in which you can add and multiply and have multiplication distribute over addition.
An example of a commutative ring is the set of integers.
If we add two integers, we get an integer and if we multiply two integers we get another integer.
Moreover, multiplication distributes in the sense that if a, b, and c are integers, then c*(a+b)=ca+cb.
Homotopies are studied in a branch of mathematics known as Algebraic Topology.
A homotopy is a deformation (change of form) of one thing into another without cutting it.
For example, if we imagine a stretchy object, then all the shapes we can stretch or twist it into are "homotopy equivalent".
One famous example is the homotopy equivalence of a coffee cup and a donut.
To a topologist, these two shapes are the same.
The first example of a homotopy that a topology student is introduced to is a homotopy between functions.
A homotopy between two functions ''f'' and ''g''  provides a collection of functions that start at ''f'' and eventually become ''g''.
What this means is that this homotopy takes a parameter and gives a function, and there is a possible parameter that gives ''f'' and one that gives ''g''.
Typically, we choose the interval ''[0, 1]'' because this has a starting and ending point, and numbers are allowed to vary smoothly within ''[0, 1]''.
To output a function, this means that the homotopy takes a second parameter, which is the argument of the output function.
That is, if ''f'' takes a number in the interval and outputs pairs of real numbers, the homotopy takes a number in the interval as the parameter and another number in the interval for ''f''.
The homotopy then outputs the interpolated function evaluated at the given pair.
That is, if ''H'' is a homotopy from ''f'' to ''g'', then we know where and .
A music school or conservatoire teaches music in all its aspects.
It may be called a college of music, or academy of music or conservatory (American English) or a conservatorium (Australian English).
Music schools exist at different levels: The term conservatory is often used for specialized university-grade schools that train people who want a career as a music artist, dance or theatre performer.
These people then study  how to play musical instruments, singing, composition, musicology, music history and music theory.
Several high schools also offer an education in music.
In these high schools, the subjects are integrated into a normal school curriculum.
The third type of music school is independent of the other education a child or adults gets.
These schools are often organised as associations, or they are run by a theatre.
Pupils can learn how to sing, play an instrument, or be a dancer or actor in a theatre play, outside a context of regular schooling.
Turandot is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni.
When Puccini died he had not finished the opera.
It was later finished by Franco Alfano.
It was first performed at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 25 April 1926, conducted by Arturo Toscanini.
This performance included only Puccini's music and not Alfano's additions.
The first performance of the opera as completed by Alfano was conducted by Ettore Panizza.
The most famous song from the opera is the aria Nessun dorma.
This aria was sung by the three tenors Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo and José Carreras, and used as the theme tune for the 1990 Soccer World Cup.
This made Nessun dorma probably the best known of all opera arias.
Spontaneous human combustion (SHC) is the alleged burning of a person without any source of ignition.
Although there have been claimed cases of SHC, many such cases either lack proof or actually had a source of ignition that could be found.
Injury, a term for when one has been physically wounded.
Pain, used to describe a physically bad feeling.
Hurt, Virginia, a city located in the United States.
The Marsupial lion, Thylacoleo, is an extinct  carnivorous marsupial which lived in Australia from 1,600,000 to 46,000 years ago.
It was the largest marsupial carnivore to have lived in Australia.
Fossil remains on the dry Nullarbor Plain show that humans and climate change probably caused the extinction of the Australian megafauna about 45,000 years ago.
The animal was robust with powerfully built jaws and very strong forelimbs.
It had retractable claws, unique among marsupials.
This allowed the claws to remain sharp by protecting them from wear when walking.
The claws were well-suited to holding prey and for climbing trees.
The first digits ("thumbs") on each hand were semi-opposable and bore an enlarged claw.
Palaeontologists believe that this would have been used to grapple with its prey, and gave a sure footing on tree trunks and branches.
The hind feet had four functional toes, the first digit being much reduced in size but possessing a roughened pad similar to that of possums.
It may have assisted with climbing.
It is unclear whether the marsupial lion had syndactyly (fused second and third toes) like other diprotodonts.
It had strong claws and very powerful jaws.
Biologists estimate that it had the most powerful bite of any mammal, alive or extinct.
It was able to hunt animals like the giant kangaroo and the giant wombat, but its big jaw would have made it hard for it to hunt and kill small animals.
The marsupial lion could weigh up to .
It was about  long, and stood about  tall.
Fossils and other evidence
Fossil bones of the marsupial lion have been found in caves on the Nullabor Plain.
Scientists have estimated their age at between 400,000 and 800,000 years old.
Cave paintings of marsupial lions in northwest Australia, discovered in 2006, depict them with a striped back, tufted tail and pointed ears.
In 2009, after a long drought in southeast Victoria had dried out many lakes, a farmer near Ballarat discovered fossil footprints and a jawbone of a marsupial lion preserved in limestone in a dry lake bed.
Cave painting of a marsupial lion
Australia's marsupial lion
(Afrikaans for "red bush"; scientific name Aspalathus linearis) is a member of the legume family of plants.
Rooibos teas are herbal infusions made from a South African red bush.
There are also green Rooibos teas.
South African Rooibos Council
South African Medical Research Council research findings
Jill Tracy Jacobs Biden (née Jacobs, previously Stevenson; born June 3, 1951) is an American educator and doctor and is the current First Lady of the United States as the wife of the 46th President of the United States, Joe Biden.
She had also served as Second Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017 when her husband was 47th Vice President under Barack Obama.
Jill Tracy Jacobs was born on June 5, 1951, in Hammonton, New Jersey.
She spent most of her childhood in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
She attended the University of Delaware.
She met Joe Biden in 1975.
They married in 1977.
In 1981, their daughter Ashley was born.
Biden has taught high school for 13 years.
She has founded several charities.
As the new First Lady, she continued to teach part time.
The Bidens live just outside of Wilmington, Delaware.
Educators from Wilmington, Delaware
Herbert Erhardt (born 6 July 1930 - 3 July 2010) was a German football player.
He died in 2010, three days before his 80th birthday, during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
|1947-48||rowspan="15"|Fürth||Oberliga||1||0
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|1962-63||rowspan="2"|Bayern Munich||Oberliga||28||1
|1963-64||Regionalliga||35||4
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|1960||7||0
|1962||5||0
Total||50||1
Leo Wilden (born 3 July 1936) is a former German football player.
|1958-59||rowspan="8"|Köln||rowspan="5"|Oberliga||7||0
|1960-61||27||0
|1961-62||26||1
|1963-64||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||29||1
|1964-65||22||0
|1965-66||12||0
|1966-67||rowspan="3"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="3"|Regionalliga||32||0
|1967-68||34||1
|1968-69||29||2
Horst Szymaniak (29 August, 1934 – 9 October, 2009) was a German football player.
|1955-56||rowspan="4"|Wuppertaler Borussia||rowspan="3"|Oberliga||23||2
|1956-57||25||1
|1957-58||28||4
|1958-59||||0||0
|1959-60||rowspan="2"|Karlsruher||rowspan="2"|Oberliga||27||1
|1960-61||25||2
|1961-62||rowspan="2"|Catania||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||4
|1962-63||32||4
|1963-64||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||6||0
|1964-65||Varese||Serie A||23||0
|1965-66||Tasmania Berlin||Bundesliga||29||1
|1966-67||Biel-Bienne||Super League||0||0
|1967||Chicago Spurs||NPSL||12||1
|1956||2||0
|1965||2||1
Total||43||2
Willi Koslowski (born 17 February, 1937) is a former German football player.
|1960-61||rowspan="5"|Schalke||rowspan="3"|Oberliga||18||2
|1961-62||29||14
|1962-63||29||9
|1963-64||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||23||5
|1964-65||16||7
|1965-66||rowspan="2"|Rot-Weiss Essen||Regionalliga||0||0
|1966-67||Bundesliga||25||3
|1962||3||1
Total||3||1
Johann "Hans" Schäfer (19 October, 1927 – 7 November 2017) was a German football player.
|1949-50||rowspan="16"|Köln||rowspan="14"|Oberliga||27||17
|1950-51||27||11
|1951-52||28||14
|1952-53||28||27
|1953-54||28||26
|1954-55||19||10
|1955-56||29||14
|1956-57||22||17
|1957-58||29||15
|1958-59||27||13
|1959-60||20||16
|1960-61||23||19
|1961-62||22||13
|1962-63||26||11
|1963-64||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||22||12
|1964-65||17||8
|1952||1||2
|1954||7||7
|1955||5||1
|1958||9||4
Total||39||15
Hans Nowak (born 9 August, 1937) is a former German football player.
|1958-59||rowspan="7"|Schalke||rowspan="5"|Oberliga||16||13
|1959-60||15||6
|1960-61||15||2
|1961-62||27||0
|1962-63||25||3
|1963-64||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||22||0
|1964-65||25||3
|1965-66||rowspan="3"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||6||2
|1966-67||17||1
|1967-68||14||1
|1968-69||Kickers Offenbach||Bundesliga||12||0
Jürgen Kurbjuhn (26 July 1940 – 15 March 2014) was a German football player.
is a former German football player.
|1960-61||rowspan="12"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="3"|Oberliga||22||1
|1962-63||27||0
|1963-64||rowspan="9"|Bundesliga||29||0
|1964-65||26||1
|1965-66||33||1
|1967-68||34||3
|1968-69||27||2
|1969-70||24||0
|1970-71||27||1
|1971-72||12||0
|1963||2||0
Jürgen Werner (15 August 1935 - 28 May 2002) was a German football player.
|1960-61||rowspan="3"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="3"|Oberliga||24||2
|1961-62||10||0
|1962-63||29||7
|1962||1||1
|1963||1||1
Total||4||2
Willi Giesemann (born 2 September, 1937) is a former German football player.
|1960-61||rowspan="3"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="3"|Oberliga||29||7
|1961-62||30||2
|1962-63||25||1
|1963-64||rowspan="5"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||30||6
|1964-65||30||3
|1965-66||19||2
|1966-67||19||0
|1967-68||6||2
|1968-69||Barmbek-Uhlenhorst||Regionalliga||0||0
Hans Sturm (3 September 1935 – 24 June 2007) was a German football player.
|1955–56||rowspan="12"|Köln||rowspan="8"|Oberliga||12||3
|1956–57||30||10
|1957–58||29||18
|1958–59||24||8
|1959–60||30||6
|1960–61||30||9
|1961–62||23||2
|1962–63||25||2
|1963–64||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||30||13
|1964–65||26||1
|1965–66||31||3
|1966–67||26||0
|1967–68||rowspan="4"|Viktoria Köln||rowspan="4"|Regionalliga||29||13
|1968–69||20||2
|1969–70||28||6
|1970–71||30||8
Engelbert Kraus (30 July 1934 – 14 May 2016) was a German football player.
|1952-53||rowspan="11"|Kickers Offenbach||rowspan="11"|Oberliga||10||5
|1953-54||19||8
|1954-55||30||7
|1955-56||25||7
|1956-57||26||15
|1957-58||28||5
|1958-59||23||16
|1959-60||27||9
|1960-61||30||7
|1961-62||28||11
|1962-63||29||11
|1963-64||rowspan="2"|1860 München||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||17||8
|1964-65||5||1
|1965-66||rowspan="2"|Kickers Offenbach||rowspan="2"|Regionalliga||30||6
|1966-67||3||0
|1957||2||1
Total||9||3
Günther Herrmann (born 1 September, 1939) is a former German football player.
|1958-59||rowspan="5"|Karlsruher||rowspan="5"|Oberliga||21||3
|1959-60||22||5
|1960-61||30||3
|1961-62||29||7
|1962-63||13||1
|1963-64||rowspan="4"|Schalke||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||16||4
|1964-65||28||3
|1965-66||33||7
|1966-67||33||8
|1967-68||Karlsruher||Bundesliga||24||5
|1968-69||rowspan="7"|Sion||Super League||24||3
|1969-70||||0||0
|1970-71||rowspan="5"|Super League||20||3
|1971-72||11||0
|1972-73||26||2
|1960||2||0
|1961||5||1
Heinz Strehl (20 July 1938 - 11 August 1986) was a German football player.
|1960-61||rowspan="10"|Nürnberg||rowspan="3"|Oberliga||28||22
|1961-62||21||12
|1962-63||29||15
|1963-64||rowspan="6"|Bundesliga||30||16
|1964-65||30||15
|1965-66||30||12
|1966-67||31||10
|1967-68||33||18
|1968-69||20||5
|1969-70||Regionalliga||9||2
|1962||2||3
Total||4||4
Heinz Vollmar (26 April 1936 - 12 October 1987) was a German football player.
He played for West Germany national team and Saarland national team.
|1963-64||Saarbrücken||Bundesliga||23||3
|1955||2||3
|1956||2||1
|1959||2||1
|1960||2||1
Total||12||3
Günter Sawitzki (22 November 1932 – 14 December 2020) was a German football player.
|1963-64||rowspan="8"|Stuttgart||rowspan="8"|Bundesliga||29||0
|1965-66||33||0
|1966-67||31||0
|1970-71||2||0
|1959||3||0
Wolfgang Fahrian (born 31 May 1941) is a former German football player.
|1960–61||rowspan="4"|Ulm||Oberliga||24||0
|1961–62||||0||0
|1962–63||Oberliga||30||0
|1963–64||Regionalliga||32||0
|1964–65||rowspan="2"|Hertha Berlin||Bundesliga||25||0
|1965–66||Regionalliga||17||1
|1966–67||1860 München||Bundesliga||8||0
|1967–68||rowspan="2"|Fortuna Düsseldorf||rowspan="2"|Regionalliga||33||0
|1968–69||31||0
|1969–70||rowspan="7"|Fortuna Köln||rowspan="4"|Regionalliga||34||1
|1970–71||34||0
|1971–72||34||0
|1972–73||30||0
|1973–74||Bundesliga||34||0
|1974–75||rowspan="2"|2.
Bundesliga||28||0
|1975–76||20||0
Sepp Herberger (born 28 March, 1897; † 28 April 1977) is a former German football player.
|1921||1||0
|1922||0||0
|1923||0||0
|1924||1||0
Han Solo is a fictional character in Star Wars played by Harrison Ford.
He appears for the first time in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope as  pirate and smuggler with his Wookiee friend, Chewbacca.
He was voted as the second greatest Star Wars character, behind Darth Vader.
At first, Solo and his companion Chewbacca are hired by Jedi Luke Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi to get Skywalker and Kenobi aboard the Death Star to save Princess Leia.
While Solo seems to be interested only in being paid at first, he comes back to save Luke.
Solo later falls in love with Leia.
In Star Wars: The Force Awakens, it is revealed that Solo and Leia have a son called Ben Solo (known as Kylo Ren) who falls to the First Order.
Solo is killed by Ren towards the end of the movie after being stabbed by a lightsaber through the chest and falling to a deep shift.
A spin-off movie about Solo was released in 2018.
Han Solo at The World of Star Wars
de:Figuren aus Star Wars#Han Solo
was a Japanese singer and actress.
The style of music she sang was enka.
She received many awards, among them living national treasure.
In Japan she is regarded as one of the greatest singers of all time.
She was the first woman in Japan to receive the , which was awarded for her notable contributions to the music industry.
Hibari Misora was also one of the most commercially successful music artists in the world.
At the time of her death, she had recorded around 1,200 songs, and sold 68 million records.
After her death, consumer demand for her recordings grew significantly, and she had sold more than 80 million records by 2001.
Her swan-song  is often performed by  artists and orchestras in her honour.
Artists who recorded this song include The Three Tenors, Teresa Teng, Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlan, and the Twelve Girls Band.
Hibari Misora was born  in Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
Her father was , a fishmonger, and her mother , a housewife.
Misora showed musical talent from an early age after singing for her father at a World War II send-off party in 1943.
When he saw this, he used much of his family's savings to allow his daughter to start a musical career.
In 1945 she gave her first performance in a concert hall in Yokohama, at the age of eight.
She used the name , which her mother had proposed.
A year later she appeared on a NHK broadcast, and impressed the Japanese composer Masao Koga with her singing skill.
He thought she was a prodigy with the courage, understanding, and emotional maturity of an adult.
In the next two years, she became an accomplished singer and was touring notable concert halls to sold-out crowds.
Her recording career began in 1949 at the age of twelve, when she changed her stage-name to   and starred in the film .
The film brought her nationwide recognition.
She recorded her first single  for Columbia Records later that year.
It became a commercial hit, selling more than 450,000 copies.
After that, she recorded "Kanashiki kuchibue", which was featured on a radio program and was a national hit.
As an actress, she starred in about 160 movies from 1949 to 1971, and won many awards.
Her performance in Tokyo Kiddo (1950), in which she played a street orphan, made her symbolic of both the hardship and the national optimism of post-World War II Japan.
Her third single was from the film and was another hit, "Watashi wa machi no ko".
As a singer, she became known for her performance of enka, a sentimental form of Japanese popular music which emerged during the early part of the 20th century, and was renowned for her live performances, and singing which encapsulated the emotional pain of those who had suffered.
Although she did not understand English, she made excellent recordings US jazz standards.
In 1973 Tetsuya Katō, Misora's brother, was prosecuted for gang-related activity.
Although NHK did not acknowledge any connection, Misora was excluded from Kouhaku uta gassen for the first time in eighteen years.
Offended, she refused to appear on NHK for years afterwards.
Health problems also plagued her in her later years.
In April of 1987, on the way to a performance in Fukuoka, Misora suddenly collapsed.
Rushed to hospital, she was diagnosed with avascular necrosis brought on by chronic hepatitis.
She was confined to a hospital in Fukuoka, and eventually showed signs of recovery in August.
She commenced recording a new song in October, and in April of 1988 performed at a concert at the Tokyo Dome.
Despite overwhelming pain in her legs, she performed a total of 39 songs.
Her triumph was to be short lived.
She had drunk a lot of alcohol for decades.
This had weakened her liver, and her condition grew worse.
On 24 June 1989, after being confined to a hospital in Tokyo, she died from pneumonia at the age of 52.
Her death was widely mourned throughout Japan.
Beginning in 1990, television and radio stations play her song  on her birthdate  each year to show respect.
In a national poll by NHK in 1997, the song was voted the greatest Japanese song of all time by more than 10 million people.
In 1994, the Hibari Misora Museum opened in Arashiyama, Kyoto.
It traced the history of Misora's life and career in multi-media exhibits, and displayed various memorabilia.
It attracted more than 5 million visitors, until it officially closed on November 30, 2006, as to allow a scheduled reconstruction of the building.
The main exhibits were moved into the Shōwa period section of the Edo-Tokyo Museum, until reconstruction was complete.
The new Hibari Misora Theater opened on April 26, 2008, and includes a  CD for sale of a previously unreleased song.
Question of Korean ancestry
Some people think that she was of Korean origins, and that both her parents and herself had Korean passports.
After studying her ancestry, they think that her parents were not Korean, but rather Japanese.
Official museum website
Actors from Yokohama
Cool can mean: cool guy
Cold - a low temperature
Cool colors - the colors green, blue and purple
Cool Runnings - a movie about bobsledding
LL Cool J - a musician
Cool - a song from the musical West Side Story
Northumberland Park railway station is in Northumberland Park, London, United Kingdom.
The stations and all trains servicing it are operated by Abellio Greater Anglia.
Angel Road railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield at Edmonton in north east London.
It is in Travelcard Zone 4, on the Tottenham Hale branch of the Lea Valley Lines.
It is partially located beneath the A406 road (which is named Angel Road at that point).
Due to reconstruction of the A406 in the mid-1990s (involving grade-separation), the station no longer has an entrance on Angel Road, with the only access via a footpath running south from Conduit Lane to the north.
Timetables from 'one'
Taz-Mania is a 1991-93 cartoon show produced by Warner Bros. Animation, broadcast in the United States on FOX and later on Kids' WB
Jim Cummings - Taz Tasmanian Devil, Buddy Boar, Bushwhacker Bob, Wendell T. Wolf
John Astin - Bull Gator
Dan Castellaneta - Mr. Thickley
Debi Derryberry - Jake Tasmanian Devil
Miriam Flynn - Jean Tasmanian Devil
Maurice LaMarche - Hugh Tasmanian Devil, Drew Tazmanian Devil, Daniel Platypus
Rosalyn Landor - Constance Koala
Kellie Martin - Molly Tasmanian Devil
Rob Paulsen - Didgeri Dingo, Axl, Dog, Francis X. Bushlad, Timothy Platypus, Emu
Phil Proctor - Willie Wombat
*01 - The Dog the Turtle Story
*02 - Like Father, Like Son / Frights of Passage
*03 - War & Pieces / Airborne Airhead
*04 - It's No Picnic / Kee-Wee ala King
*05 - A Devil of a Job
*06 - Battling Bushrats / Devil in the Deep Blue Sea
*07 - Woeful Wolf
*08 - Devil with the Violet Dress On / Kidnapped Koala
*09 - in the Mist / Toothache Taz
*10 - Here Kitty, Kitty, Kitty / Enter the Devil
*11 - Bewitched Bob
*12 - Instant Replay / Taz and the Pterodactyl
*13 - Pup Goes the Wendal / I'm Okay, You're Taz
*14 - Comic Madness / Blunders Never Cease
*15 - Mall Wrecked / A Dingo's Guide to Magic
*16 - Road to Taz-Mania
*17 - Boys Just Wanna Have Fun / Unhappy Together
*18 - The Amazing Shrinking Taz and Co.
*19 - Oh, Brother / Taz Babies
*20 - Taz-Manian Theatre / The Bushrats Must Be Crazy
*21 - Jake's Big Date / Taz Live
*22 - The Outer Taz-Manian Zone / Here Kitty, Kitty Part II
*23 - Taz-Mania's Funniest Home Videos / Bottle Cap Blues
*24 - Heartbreak Taz / Just Be 'Cuz
*25 - Sidekicked / Gone With the Windbag
*26 - The Return of the Road to Taz-Mania Strikes Back
*27 - Taz Like Dingo
*28 - The Pied Piper of Taz-Mania / The Treasure of the Burnt Sienna
*29 - Not a Shadow of a Doubt / Nursemaid Taz
*30 - Home Despair / Take All of Me
*31 - Bird-Brained Beast / Ready, Willing, Unable
*32 - We'll Always Have Taz-Mania / Moments You've Missed
*33 - Food for Thought / Gone to Pieces
*34 - A Midsummer Night's Scream / Astro Taz
*35 - Driving Mr. Taz / Mean Bear / Taz Museum
*36 - Ticket Taker Taz / Taz Squared
*37 - Taz-Manian Lullaby / Deer Taz / A Taz-Manian Moment
*38 - Hypno-Tazed / Mum's n' Taz
*39 - Kee-Wee Cornered / But Is It Taz?
*40 - Wacky Wombat / Molly's Folly
*41 - Mutton for Nothing / Dr. Wendal and Mr. Taz
*42 - The Man from M.A.R.S / Friends for Strife
*43 - Merit Badgered
*44 - Antenna Dilemma / Autograph Pound
*45 - A Young Taz's Fancy / A Flea for You
*46 - No Time for Christmas
*47 - Taz-Mania Confidential / The Platypi Psonic Psensation Psimulator
*48 - The Not So Gladiators / One Ring Taz
*49 - The Thing That Ate The Outback / Because It's There
*50 - Of Bushrats and Hugh
*51 - Never Cry Taz / Bully for Bull
*52 - Retakes Not Included / Pledge Dredge
*53 - Bushlad's Lament / The Taz-Mania Comedy Institute
*54 - The Taz Story Primer / Ask Taz
*55 - Willie Wombat's Deja Boo Boo / To Catch a Taz
*56 - It's a Taz's Life / Gee, Bull!
*57 - Taz in Kee-Wee Land / Struck for Bucks / A Philosophical Moment
*58 - Yet Another Road to Taz-Mania
*59 - Bad Luck Bottlecap / A Story With a Moral
*60 - Devil Indemnity
*61 - Taz and the Emu Egg / Willie Wombat's Last Stand / K-Taz Commercial
*62 - Feed a Cold / Sidekick for a Day
*63 - Platypi on Film / One Saturday in Taz-Mania
*64 - Doubting Dingo / Sub Commander Taz