the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The third round is also where the seeds meet for the first time, so Garcia–Lopez, Baghdatis, Gasquet, Ljubicic and Troicki all exited to higher seeds.
Although Stanislas Wawrinka who was the nineteenth seed managed to defeat Gaël Monfils the twelfth seed in straight sets.
While Marin Čilić, semifinalist from 2010 defeated John Isner 9–7 in the final set.
The fourth round saw Ferrer end Raonic's run, and Dolgopolov edge out Soderling in the final set for the biggest upset in the tournament to date.
There were also wins for Berdych, Djokovic, Federer, Murray and Nadal, all except Federer eliminated other seeds.
There was one other upset as nineteenth seed Wawrinka beat Roddick in straight sets.
Djokovic, Federer and Murray successfully made their way into the semifinals, however the upset of the tournament happened as Nadal went out.
The "Rafa Slam" attempt came to an end on Australia Day in straight sets against Ferrer, a year to the day since Nadal last lost a Grand Slam match.
The semifinals witness Djokovic taking out Federer in straight sets while Murray overcame Ferrer the next night in four sets.
In the final Djokovic defeated Murray for his second Australian Open crown in straight sets.
Novak Djokovic def.
Andy Murray, 6–4, 6–2, 6–3.
The 2011 women's draw was missing its defending champion Serena Williams who pulled out in late 2010 due to ligament damage.
World number one Caroline Wozniacki of Denmark was the number one seed.
The Dane headed up the top ten seeds which included Vera Zvonareva, three time US Open champion Kim Clijsters, seven time Grand Slam champion Venus Williams, Samantha Stosur, reigning French Open Champion Francesca Schiavone, Jelena Janković, Victoria Azarenka, Li Na and Shahar Pe'er.
Former Grand Slam champions, Justine Henin, Ana Ivanović, Svetlana Kuznetsova and Maria Sharapova were also seeded.
The start of the 2011 Australian Open saw all the seeds apart from Rezaï, Hantuchová, Dulgheru.
The biggest upset of the first round was Ivanović losing 10–8 in the final set to Ekaterina Makarova while Schiavone survived after being a set down to win the final set.
The biggest loser in the second round was Janković as she lost to Peng in straight sets.
The Serb was not the only seed to exit though as Iveta Benešová defeated Maria Kirilenko, Martinez–Sanchez lost to Cornet, Kleybanova, Kanepi, Pironkova, Bartoli and Wickmayer all joined her on the plane home.
While Schiavone had to survive another final set decider this time winning it 9–7.
The third round saw Kutznetsova defeat Henin, in what turned out to be the Belgium's last ever match as she announced her retirement in the second week of the tournament.
Whilst Andrea Petkovic had a virtual bye into round four as Williams retired after just seven points of their match.
Makarova caused another upset as she knocked out Nadia Petrova while Benešová defeated Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the final set.
Other seeds who went out to other seeded players were Cibulková, Peer who lost in the final set.
While Petra Kvitová ended home hopes as she disposed of Stosur, while Sharapova had to come from a set down to progress to the next round.
The fourth round witnessed women's tennis history, as the match between Kuznetsova and Schiavone broke records.
The match became the longest match, in terms of time for women in a Grand Slam as it lasted for 4 hours, and 44 minutes.
At 8–7 in the final set Kutznetsova had three match points, but the Italian saved all three.
In the next game Schiavone broke her opponents serve but touched the net after hitting the winner, meaning the point went to Kutznetsova, when holding three break points.
Kutznetsova had another three match points in the next game before a run of four games in a row where the serve was broken.
Finally after breaking in the previous game and missing three match points Schiavone closed the match out to win 16–14 in the final set.
Other fourth round matches saw Sevastova's run end against Wozniacki and Makarova's end against Clijsters, while Petkovic upset Sharapova in straight sets.
Other upsets saw the seeded players of Li and Kvitová defeat higher seeded players.
The quarterfinals witnessed Wozniacki put an end to Schiavone's run by winning a final set decider.
Into the semifinals with the Dane were Li who defeated Petkovic, Clijsters who defeated Radwańska and Zvonerava who took care of Kvitová.
In the first semifinal Li caused an upset, as she saved match point, to defeat the world number one Wozniacki in three sets.
Her opponent in the final, Clijsters, won in straight sets against Zvonerava.
In the final Clijsters came from a set down to claim her first Australian Open title.
It was her fourth grand slam title in her career and second consecutive slam having won the US Open in 2010.
Li Na, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3.
The 2011 men's doubles competition saw the two-time defending champions and four-time champions overall come back to defend the two previous titles in the team of Bob and Mike Bryan, which they were the number one seeded team in the draw.
Out of all of the seeded players, the teams that lost in the first round were the teams of 7th seeded Lukáš Dlouhý and Paul Hanley, 9th seeded team of Wesley Moodie and Dick Norman, 11th seeds Robert Lindstedt and Horia Tecău, Nicolás Almagro and Marc López the 15th seeds, Marcelo Melo and Bruno Soares the 16th seeded team.
Those teams that lost in the second round of the event are the two teams of Mark Knowles and Michal Mertiňák the 12 seeds, and the 14th seeded Jonathan Erlich and Andy Ram.
The only third round exit was by 13th seeded Marcel Granollers and Tommy Robredo.
All of the top eight seeds made the quarterfinal or better with the lone exception of the seventh seeded team.
Lastly, this event saw four teams exit in the quarterfinal round, which those was the 4th seeded team of Łukasz Kubot and Oliver Marach, Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski the 5 seeded team, the 6th seeded and 2010 Wimbledon Champions Jürgen Melzer and Philipp Petzschner, and the 8th seeded team of Michaël Llodra and Nenad Zimonjić.
Thus, only three seeded teams survived to make it to the semifinals, which the lone team to lose during this stage was the second seeded team of Max Mirnyi and Daniel Nestor.
This set up a dynamic final of the 1st and 3rd seeded teams respectively in the Bryan Brothers and the Indian duo of Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes, which the Indian team never has won the Australian Open in men's doubles.
This would be the third time that they would lose in the final, but albeit in different years.
So, this was the Bryan Brothers' fifth Australian Open title in Men's doubles in the past six years, which this win was the third consecutive title at the event for them having won in 2009 and 2010, and the other two years they won were in 2006 and 2007.
This was the Bryan Brothers tenth Men's Doubles Grand Slam title for their careers.
Bob Bryan /  Mike Bryan def.
Mahesh Bhupathi /  Leander Paes, 6–3, 6–4.
The 2011 women's doubles competition was wide open with no team in the field having previously won a grand slam.
Argentina's Gisela Dulko and Flavia Pennetta of Italy led the field as the number one seeds, who had won seven titles in 2010 including the WTA championships but they had never been past a Grand Slam semifinal.
Second seeds were the French Open finalists Květa Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik, who had already won a tournament in 2011, the ASB Classic.
Number three seeds are the US Open finalists Liezel Huber and Nadia Petrova; the number four seeds are the 2009 WTA Champions Nuria Llagostera Vives and María José Martínez Sánchez with Cara Black and Anastasia Rodionova seeded fifth heading the field.
All the seeds made it through the opening round with the exception of Francesca Schiavone and Rennae Stubbs, who lost winning just five games in what is Stubbs' last Australian Open.
In round two the biggest casualties were the departure of the number four seeds; Llagostera Vives and Martínez Sánchez in straight sets.
In the third round the number six, seven and eighth seeds all crashed out.
In the quarterfinals Huber won the battle of the ex-partners as she downed Black's team to set up a semi final with Dulko and Penetta.
The other semi was filled by Azarenka and Kirilenko and the number two seeds.
In the semis the Number one seeds advanced to the final where after a shock they faced Azerenka and Kilrenko.
In the final Dulko and Pennetta came from a set down to win.
Gisela Dulko /  Flavia Pennetta def.
Victoria Azarenka /  Maria Kirilenko, 2–6, 7–5, 6–1.
The mixed doubles field was led by top seeds and US Open champions Bob Bryan and Liezel Huber.
Other significant seeds were: number two seeds Daniel Nestor and Katarina Srebotnik, Nestor's ex-doubles partner Nenad Zimonjić and Maria Kirilenko are the third seeds.
Fourth seeds were defending champions Leander Paes and Cara Black, while the fifth and sixth seeds were Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi and Květa Peschke and Wesley Moodie and Lisa Raymond.
All the seeded teams made it through the first round apart from the teams of Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi and Květa Peschke who lost to Rennae Stubbs and Chris Guccione and Moody and Reymond who lost to Horia Tecău and Bethanie Mattek-Sands.
The second round witnessed the number one seeds Bryan and Huber withdraw and the defending champions, Paes and Black go out to Paul Hanley and Chan Yung-jan after two tiebreak sets.
The quarterfinals saw no upsets as Nestor and Srebotnik, Zimonjic and Kirlienko, Hanley and Chan and Tecau and Mettek–Sands made the semifinals.
In the semifinals Nestor and Srebotnik won in straight sets against Zimonjic and Kirilenko.
Their opponents in the final were Hanley and Chan after they won a match tiebreak 11–9 against Tecau and Mettek–Sands.
The final came down to a match tiebreak which the number two seeds, Nestor and Srebotnik won.
It was Nestor's second Australian Open mixed title while for Srebotnik it was her first.
Katarina Srebotnik /  Daniel Nestor def.
Chan Yung-jan /  Paul Hanley, 6–3, 3–6, 10–7.
Sixty four players competed in the boys and girls singles events, with thirty two teams competing in the boys and girls doubles events.
The event is one of nine ITF Grade A junior competitions.
Qualifying for the main draw took place between the 20 and 21 January 2011.
Sixty four players attempted to qualify for the main draw of the boys and girls singles.
There were eight qualifying spots available to join the forty six direct acceptance, two special exemptions and eight wildcards in the main draw.
The qualifying event was held at the Pakenham Regional Tennis Centre.
The main draws took place between the 23 and 29 January 2011.
World number one Jiří Veselý led the field.
Other top seeds included World number two Dominic Thiem, Orange Bowl Champion George Morgan and World number five Mate Pavic.
In the first round of the tournament Pavic exited in straight sets to Karim Hossam.
While fellow seeds Dimitri Bretting, Joris De Loore and Ben Wagland also went out of the tournament.
Also in action was Vesley and the 2010 finalist Sean Berman who both won their opening matches.
Luke Saville casued the biggest upset in the second round as he outsted World number two Thiem in straight sets while Vesely and Morgan progressed with straight sets wins.
The third round saw Morgan and Saville win epics in the final set.
The quarterfinals saw Vesely, Morgan Baena and Saville reach the semifinals, where Vesely and Saville reached the final.
In the final Vesely claimed his first junior Grand Slam title as he lost just three games against home hope Saville.
Jiří Veselý def.
Luke Saville, 6–0, 6–3.
The 2011 Australian Open girls field was led by the World number one, US Open and youth Olympic champion, Daria Gavrilova.
Joining the Russian leading the field was An-Sophie Mestach, Irina Khromacheva and Mónica Puig.
While Orange Bowl champion Lauren Davis who competed in the main draw of the women's singles was the third seed and she was also joined by Caroline Garcia who also appeared in the women's draw.
The first round saw all of the seeds bar Natalija Kostic move into the second round.
Gavrilova, however was not in the second round as she was dumped out in straight sets by fifteen year old Kanami Tsuji Puig, in the second round got rid of the last of the home contingent losing just two games in the process.
Eugénie Bouchard caused the biggest upset of round three when she lost just three games against Davis.
Garcia caused an upset in the quarterfinals as she upset the number four seed Khromacheva in straight sets.
The semifinals witnessed Mestach drop her first and only set of the tournament when she defeated Garcia whilst Puig saw off Bouchard in straight sets.
In the final Mestach defeated Puig in straight sets to win her first junior Grand Slam title.
An-Sophie Mestach def.
Mónica Puig, 6–4, 6–2.
The first round witnessed Dimitri Bretting and Dennis Novak the fifth seeds and seventh seeds Luis Patiño and Filip Peliwo exit at the first hurdle.
All the remaining seeds made it to the quarterfinals, where the number one seeds George Morgan and Mate Pavić who exited to the eighth seeds Mitchell Krueger and Karue Sell in a match tiebreak while second seeds Filip Horanský and Jiří Veselý knocked out sixth seeds Dominic Thiem and Matthias Wunner.
Horansky and Vesely reached the final after defeating the fourth seeds Joris de Loore and Mate Delić who received a bye in the previous round in straight sets.
While third seeds Ben Wagland and Andrew Whittington took care of Krueger and Sell in a match tiebreak.
Horansky and Vesely triumphed in straight sets in the final over Wagland and Whttington.
Filip Horanský /  Jiří Veselý def.
Ben Wagland /  Andrew Whittington, 6–4, 6–4.
All the seeds made it through the first round with out incident.
Nastja Kolar and Danka Kovinić the fifth seeds, Tang Haochen and Tian Ran the seventh seeds and the biggest upset with the second seeds Eugénie Bouchard and Mónica Puig all went out in the second round.
In the quarterfinals An-Sophie Mestach and Demi Schuurs sent the number one seeds Irina Khromacheva and Yulia Putintseva home for the loss of just three games.
While Margarita Gasparyan and Daria Gavrilova the fourth seeds lost a match tiebreaker to Eri Hozumi and Miyu Kato whilst Lucia Butkovská and Anna Schmiedlová the eighth seeds won only one game.
Kato and Hozumi progressed to the final, where they faced Mestach and Schuurs who knocked out the third seeds Natalija Kostić and Ilona Kremen in a match tiebreaker.
In the final Mestach and Schuurs defeated Hozumi and Kato in straight sets for their first Grand Slam doubles title.
An-Sophie Mestach /  Demi Schuurs def.
Eri Hozumi /  Miyu Kato, 6–2, 6–3.
There are six events in the wheelchair tennis discipline; a singles and doubles draw for each of the three categories.
The tournament was played between the 26 and 29 January 2011.
All events were part of the NEC tour under the Grand Slam category.
A total of $63,000 was awarded in prize money across all the events.
In the opening round World number one Shingo Kunieda defeated Ronald Vink for the loss of just one game.
Kunieda would play Robin Ammerlaan in the semifinals after the Dutchman defeated home hope Ben Weekes.
In the other half of the draw Stéphane Houdet saw off Maikel Scheffers while Stefan Olsson saw off Houdet's doubles partner Nicolas Peifer.
In the semifinals Kunieda and Houdet emerged victorious in the battle for the final.
Kunieda defeated Houdet for his twelfth Grand Slam title losing just three games.
Shingo Kunieda def.
Stéphane Houdet, 6–0, 6–3.
There were eight entries into the singles competition.
On her first appearance in a Grand Slam competition Marjolein Buis won in three sets against Annick Sevenans to reach the semifinals.
Also into the semifinals were World number one Esther Vergeer who recorded her four hundred and second consecutive match win with a 6–0, 6–0 win over her doubles partner, Sharon Walraven.
Buis then took on World number two and home favourite Daniela di Toro who lost just three games on Australia Day against Aniek van Koot.
While Jiske Griffioen would play Vergeer in the semifinals after defeating Grand Slam debuant Jordanne Whiley in straight sets.
The semifinals witnessed di Toro and Vergeer make the final with straight sets wins.
In the final Vergeer claimed her eighth Australian Open title as she defeated di Toro without losing a game to chalk up her four hundredth and fourth consecutive win.
Esther Vergeer def.
Daniela di Toro, 6–0, 6–0.
The tournament was played in a round robin format.
Peter Norfolk, the defending champion, opened with a straight sets win over doubles partner Andrew Lapthorne.
Whilst World number one David Wagner defeated his doubles partner Nick Taylor for the loss of two games.
In the second round of matches Wagner edged Norfolk in a final set decider, whilst Grand Slam debuant Lapthorne recorded his first victory as he won in straight sets against Taylor.
The loss for Taylor meant that he was elminated from the event.
In the final round robin matches, Norfolk defeated Taylor for the loss of just three games, while Wagner defeated Lapthorne in straight sets.
The win for Norfolk and the loss for Lapthorne meant that Norfolk would play Wagner in the final.
In the final Wagner defeated Norfolk for the loss of just five games.
It was Wagner's first Australian Open singles title.
David Wagner def.
Peter Norfolk, 6–2, 6–3.
There was four teams competing in this event.
Shingo Kunieda and Maikel Scheffers beat Wimbledon champions, Robin Ammerlaan and Stefan Olsson in straight sets.
They were joined in the final by the all French pairing of Stéphane Houdet and Nicolas Peifer who defeated Ronald Vink and Ben Weekes.
In the final Kunieda and Scheffers came from a break down in the first set to defeat the French pair in straight sets.
Shingo Kunieda /  Maikel Scheffers def.
Stéphane Houdet /  Nicolas Peifer, 6–3, 6–3.
There were four entries to this competition.
Esther Vergeer and Sharon Walraven defeated Daniela di Toro and Jordanne Whiley in straight sets to make the final.
The final was turned into an all Dutch affair as Aniek van Koot and Jiske Griffioen joined them after defeating Marjolein Buis and Annick Sevenans in two tiebreaks.
In the final Vergeer and Walraven lost just two games as they defeated van Koot and Griffioen to claim their third consecutive Grand Slam title.
Esther Vergeer /  Sharon Walraven def.
Jiske Griffioen /  Aniek van Koot, 6–0, 6–2.
There was just two entries in the Quad doubles, and they played a straight final to decided the championship.
In the one off match history was made as Lapthorne and Norfolk became the first all British pair to win a wheelchair Grand Slam doubles title.
It was Lapthorne's first Grand Slam title and Norfolk's first Grand Slam doubles title as the pair defeated the all American pair of Taylor and Wagner in straight sets for their fourth win over them.
Andrew Lapthorne /  Peter Norfolk def.
Nicholas Taylor /  David Wagner, 6–3, 6–3.
The 2011 Australian Open was broadcast around the world with eleven different broadcasters officially screening the event.
Channel 7 was the host broadcaster, with ESPN covering North America with its International franchise covering South and Latin America.
Eurosport holds the rights to broadcast the tournament in Europe.
In Asia broadcasts were covered by ESPN Star Sports and in Japan by WOWOW and by CN Sports Interactive Media Group in China.
In Africa coverage is by SuperSport, and in the middle east by Abu Dhabi TV.
Pacific coverage was broadcast by Sky New Zealand in New Zealand and by FIJI TV in Fiji.
During the course of the tournament, Tennis Australia and Eurosport, announced that they had extended their partnership for another five years, which extends Eurosports unbroken coverage of the Australian Open to over twenty years.
For the first time in the history of the Australian Open, the qualifying competition for the main draw was streamed live on the internet.
The qualifying competition was broadcast between 12 and 15 January.
The charity event Rally for Relief was also broadcast live on australianopen.com and Australian network channel seven.
During the first week of the tournament, viewing figures in Australia were down for the second year running.
1.36 million people tuned in for the Men's singles final which was lower than the rating which the women's final received according to figures released by OzTAM.
2011 introduced a kids tennis day event, which took place on the Saturday before the tournament took place.
Around eight thousand people turned up for the event.
People entertained themselves through a variety of activities, including watching stringers string racquets and arts and crafts.
The highlight of the day for many fans was a chance to watch past and present players.
These players included, Pat Cash, Henri Leconte, Peter Luczak, Alicia Molik and Anastasia Rodionova.
A total of 651,127 people attended the tournament throughout the two weeks.
This was lower than the attendance in 2010, although daily records were set.
51,276 people filled Melbourne Park, which was a record for the middle Saturday.
The day was also the biggest crowd ever at the Australian Open for a day session.
A further 25,845 attended the evening session which brought the total number of people for the day to 77,121 which was again record breaking.
As it was the largest amount of spectators to have attended on one day.
2011 in tennis
Reasonable accommodation is a necessary aid or support for persons with disabilities or other persons in weak situations, such as minority groups, but not to make an unreasonable burden on the society.
This idea is born in American and Canadian lawsuits to abolish discrimination on the job and is also used by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Article 2.
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Abadan
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Ashkezar
Ashlagh
Ashtiyan
Astaneh Arak
Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh
Astara
Babol
Babolsar
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Balov
Bampur
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Lists by province
The International Tennis Federation is the group that was created to govern world tennis.
This means they decide on rules and make sure they are done.
Mashhad () is a city in the Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran.
Mashhad is the second largest city in Iran.
It is close to Iran's border with Afghanistan and Turkmenistan.
Before the 9th century, Mashhad was a small village but became prosperous after imam Reza was killed and buried there by Al-Ma'mun the Abbasid caliph.
Mashhad turned into a famous town, in the time of Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty  (1501) and later Nader Shah of his Empire chose Mashhad as his capital.
Mashhad has remained one of Iran's most important cities to this day even with the relocation of the capital to Tehran.
Calhoun County is a county in Iowa.
Iowa counties
1850s establishments in Iowa
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True Jackson, VP is an American teen sitcom created by Andy Gordon for Nickelodeon.
The series starred Keke Palmer, Ashley Argota, Matt Shively, Danielle Bisutti, Greg Proops, Robbie Amell, and Ron Butler.
It aired from November 8, 2008, to August 20, 2011.
Keke Palmer as True Jackson
Ashley Argota as Lulu
Matt Shively as Ryan Leslie Laserbeam
Danielle Bisutti as Amanda Cantwell
Greg Proops as Max Madigan
Ron Butler as Oscar
Robbie Amell as Jimmy Madigan
True Jackson, VP's Official Website
Larks are passerine birds of the family Alaudidae.
Only one, the Shore lark, has spread to North America, where it is called the Horned lark.
Richard Steven Valenzuela, better known as Ritchie Valens (May 13, 1941 - February 3, 1959) was an American singer-songwriter and musician who died with Buddy Holly, and "Big Bopper" Richardson in a plane crash in Iowa on 3 February 1959, in an event that would become known as The Day the Music Died.
South Carolina counties
The wooden horse or Spanish donkey is a torture device where the victim is made to straddle a triangular "horse" and place their full body weight on their genitals, which rested on the point of the angle which causes pain in the lower regions.
Sometimes cannonballs or something similar would be tied to the victim's feet.
There is also a less intense variation was probably developed for BDSM play.
19th-century establishments in West Virginia
Kenny vs. Spenny was a Canadian reality-comedy television series created by Kenny Hotz.
It starred Kenny Hotz and Spencer Rice.
In Canada reruns are still shown on the Showcase.
The series had six seasons and ran from August 26, 2003 to December 23, 2010.
Matt Stone and Trey Parker, creators of South Park, were executive producers for 10 episodes in the fourth season of the show.
The series was about two friends who competed in numerous competitions.
The loser of the competition would have to do a humiliation that the winner picked out.
The show ended with an hour-long Christmas special that aired on December 23, 2010 on Showcase.
The show spawned many many replicas including Frank vs Girard in French Canadian on VRAK.TV, Ed vs. Spencer in the United Kingdom, Juan vs. Roman in Latin America, Elton vs. Simon in Germany, Katja vs. Bridget and Dennis vs. Valerio in the Netherlands, and Sid vs. Varun in India.
TV.com rated the series a 8.4.
It was ranked as at #8 among the top 10 Canadian television shows of the 21st century.
The Kaw people (also known as the Kanza) are a Native American people living in the central part of the Midwestern United States.
The Kaw people have also been known as the "People of the South wind", "People of water", Kansa, Kaza, Kosa, and Kasa.
The US state of Kansas was named after the Kaw people.
Kansas' capital city, Topeka, was named after a Kaw word meaning "a good place to dig potatoes".
The Kaw are closely related to the Osage Nation.
The Kaw Nation's headquarters is in Kaw City, Oklahoma.
The tribe's jurisdictional area is in Kay County, Oklahoma.
The elected chairwoman is Lynn Williams.
She is serving a four-year term.
There are 3,126 members of the tribe.
1,428 of them live in Oklahoma.
Interacting with the United States
The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 hurt the Kaw.
They were forced to move west by Native Americans from the east.
They were also forced to move by White settlers who liked the "beautiful aspects" and "rich and exuberant soils" of the Kaw's land.
In 1825, the Kaw ceded a big area of land in Missouri and Kansas to the United States.
They did this in exchange for a promise of a $3,500 payment every year for twenty years.
The promised payment was often late.
Sometimes, the payments were taken by government officials and merchants.
The Kaw faced smallpox epidemics in 1827–1828 and 1831–1832.
It killed about 500 people.
In 1844, a flood destroyed most of the land the Kaw had planted.
It hurt the Kaw a lot.
In 1846, the Kaw sold most of their remaining  of land for $202,000 plus a  reservation on Council Grove, Kansas.
In 1861, during the American Civil War, the Kaw and other Native Americans in Kansas were recruited as soldiers and scouts.
This was done to prevent attacks by pro-slavery tribes and Confederate supporters in Indian Territory.
Seventy young Kaw men were persuaded—or forced—to join Company L, Ninth Kansas Cavalry.
They served in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) and Arkansas during the war.
21 of them never came home.
This was a big loss because there were already few Kaw people left.
After the Civil War, White Americans in Kansas wanted to remove the Native Americans, including the Kaw.
However, during this time, something happened.
The Kaw and the Cheyenne were enemies.
On June 1, 1868, about one hundred Cheyenne people attacked the Kaw reservation.
Scared white settlers ran to Council Grove.
The Kaw men painted their faces, wore their armor, and went on horseback to meet the Cheyenne.
The two Indian armies put on a military display.
It featured horsemanship, howls and curses, and volleys of bullets and arrows.
After four hours, the Cheyenne left with a few stolen horses and a peace offering of coffee and sugar by the Council Grove merchants.
Nobody was hurt on either side.
During the battle, the mixed-blood Kaw interpreter, Joseph James, Jr. went 60 miles to Topeka to ask for help from the Governor.
An eight-year-old, part-Indian boy named Charles Curtis went with Joseph James.
Curtis would later become a jockey, a lawyer, a politician, and Vice President of the United States under Herbert Hoover.
White pressure finally forced the Kaw out of Kansas.
On June 4, 1873, they packed up, and they went south in wagons to Indian Territory to a new reservation.
Two weeks later, 533 men, women, and children arrived at the junction of the Arkansas River and Beaver Creek.
This would become Kay County, Oklahoma.
The Kaw made their last successful buffalo hunt that winter.
They went to the Great Salt Plains to hunt.
They saved the buffalo meat by jerking it, and they sold the buffalo fur for five thousand dollars.
While living in the Indian Territory, they were ignored by white people.
However, the tribe continued to lose people.
By 1888 there were only 188 persons.
The Kaws seemed like they would be gone.
However, they slowly acculturated and their numbers increased, mostly through intermarriage as the number of full-bloods continued to decline.
By 1910, only one old woman in the tribe could not speak English and more than 80 percent were literate.
The Curtis act of 1898 allowed the federal government to have more power over Indian affairs.
The author of the law was Charles Curtis, now a Congressman.
Curtis believed that the Indians should be assimilated.
He supported the break-up of tribal governments and the allotment of tribal lands to their members.
In 1902, at Curtis's urging, Congress ended the Kaw tribal government and reservation.
Congress divided tribal lands among members.
Each of 247 Kaw tribal members got .
Of that,  were for a house.
Curtis and his son and two daughters got  of land.
Most Kaws sold or lost their land.
By 1945, only 13 percent of the land of the former Kaw Reservation was owned by Kaws.
Much former Kaw land was flooded by the creation of Kaw Lake in the 1960s.
This included their Council House and cemetery at Washunga which was moved to Newkirk, Oklahoma.
After the death of Washunga in 1908, the Kaw people had no formal organization for many years.
In 1922, Washunga's adopted daughter Lucy Tayiah Eads was elected principal chief.
A council of eight members was also created.
She was the first and only female chief.
In 1928, the government agency to the Kaw was ended, and the buildings were sold.
After that, the Kaw had no recognized government.
This changed in 1959, when the federal government recognized them, and the tribe reorganized.
The last Chief of the Kaw, Ernest Emmett Thompson, was elected in 1934.
According to Dorothy Roberts, full-blooded Kaw women were forced to be sterilized by the Indian Health Service in the 1970s.
In 1990, the Kaw wrote a new tribal constitution.
They created a tribal court in 1992.
In 2000, the tribe bought lands on their pre-1873 reservation near Council Grove, Kansas.
This did this to create a park remembering their history in Kansas.
They named it the Allegawaho Memorial Heritage Park.
{As of 2012, the Kaw Nation offers online language learning for Kansa second language speakers}.
Kaw Nation, official website
Al-le-ga-wa-ho Memorial
Rootsweb Kaw article.
WebKanza: The Online Home of the Kanza Language
The Siouan languages (also known as Siouan proper or Western Siouan) are a group of Native American languages.
The Siouan languages are spoken in central North America.
1000 Ways to Die is an American docufiction black comedy series which was first shown on the television channel Spike on May 14, 2008.
It shows unusual deaths and uses black humor.
Thom Beers in the Pilot of the U.S. broadcast
Ron Perlman in the Seasons 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the U.S. broadcast
Alisdair Simpson in the Pilot & series 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the UK broadcast
1000 Ways to Die at Spike.com
A crisis is a situation which is difficult, unexpected, or an emergency.
It is often an important "turning point", where a decision must be taken, affecting many people.
Very often, this decision must be taken in relatively little time.
The word is related to the Greek κρίσις (krisis).
Examples include the sudden threat of war, or the occurrence of a natural disaster.
be difficult to control
the focus of mass media, or government attention
interfere with regular business
Crises occur in different fields.
People may develop post-traumatic stress disorder, because they cannot deal with a crisis situation.
Many countries and associations offer help lines, which can help people deal with a crisis situation.
A dust storm, or sandstorm, is a storm of small particles of sand and dirt.
Dust storms happen when a strong wind front blows loose sand and dust from a dry surface.
Particles are picked up and suspended in the air, causing soil erosion where they were.
The wind drops them in another place where they can form loess, a kind of silt.
The Jabiru (Jabiru mycteria) is a large stork found in the Americas from Mexico to Argentina, except west of the Andes.
It is most common in the Pantanal region of Brazil and the Eastern Chaco region of Paraguay.
It is the only member of the genus Jabiru.
The name comes from the Tupi-Guaraní language and means "swollen neck".
Big Dipper is the American name for the seven brightest stars of Ursa Major.
It is called the Plough in Britain.
Big Dipper, alternative name for a roller coaster ride, especially in the United Kingdom.
Several roller coasters are specifically known by this name, including;
Big Dipper (Blackpool), a wooden roller coaster at Blackpool Pleasure Beach
Big Dipper (Geauga Lake), a wooden roller coaster at Geauga Lake
Big Dipper (Luna Park Sydney), a wooden roller coaster operating at Luna Park Sydney from 1935 until 1981
Cyclone (Dreamworld), a steel roller coaster which operated as Big Dipper at Luna Park Sydney from 1995 to 2001
For other uses of the big dipper see Starry Plough (disambiguation)
Wilt Chamberlain (1936–1999), American basketball player
Melvin Turpin (1960–2010), American basketball player
Jeff Wilkins (born 1955), American basketball player
Robert DiPierdomenico (born 1958), Australian rules footballer
Chris Duncan (born 1981), American baseball player
Big Dipper (band), a 1980s-1990s Boston alternative-rock band
Big Dipper (Elton John song), a 1978 song by Elton John
Big Dipper (album), a 2003 album by Drop Trio
"Big Dipper", a song by Jethro Tull from their 1976 album Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die!
"Big Dipper", a song by Built to Spill from their 1994 album There's Nothing Wrong with Love
Big Dipper (Michigan's Adventure)
Beidou (disambiguation), Chinese name of Big Dipper
Greensboro is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
It has about 260,000 people and is growing.
Greensboro is near Winston Salem and High Point in an area called The Triad.
It is in Guilford County.
Greensboro was started in 1808.
It was built in the middle of Guilford County.
It grew slowly, but was rich because of cotton.
In the 1840s, a railroad was built going through Greensboro, making it grow faster.
The Civil War did not hurt Greensboro much.
In the early 1900s, Greensboro grew a lot because of textiles.
They also became rich.
Ophiuchus_(band) is an English folk band.
Ophiuchus_(astrology) is a sign in the Western zodiac.
Christie Brinkley (born February 2, 1954) is an American model, actress, writer and designer.
She was born Christie Lee Hudson in Monroe, Michigan.
She moved to Los Angeles, California and changed her surname to that of her stepfather, writer Don Brinkley (1921–2012).
She has appeared on magazine covers many times and has a long contract with CoverGirl (the longest of any model in history).
All her four marriages ended in divorce.
Her second marriage was to singer Billy Joel and lasted from 1985–1994.
Their daughter Alexa Ray Joel (born 1985) is her eldest child and is a musician.
Brinkley also has a son by her third husband and a daughter by her fourth.
Models from Michigan
Michael "Mike" Bibby (born May 13, 1978 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is a retired American basketball player who played with the Sacramento Kings of the NBA for most of his career.
He attended college at University of Arizona where he played basketball with the Wildcats.
Mike Bibby started his NBA career when he was drafted by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the 1998 NBA Draft with the 2nd pick in the 1st round.
Bibby played 3 seasons with the Vancouver Grizzlies, 7 seasons with the Sacramento Kings, 3 seasons with the Atlanta Hawks and two games with the Washington Wizards before having his contract bought out by the Wizards on February 28, 2011.
Mike Bibby's Official website
Mike Bibby's NBA player profile
Vancouver Grizzlies players
The Vancouver Grizzlies were a Canadian professional basketball team that played in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
They played in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
The team started playing in 1995.
They started with the Toronto Raptors, as part of the NBA's expansion into Canada.
They relocated to Memphis, Tennessee in 2001 and became the Memphis Grizzlies.
The Grizzlies played their home games at the General Motors Place (Now Rogers Arena).
The Grizzlies were originally going to be called the Vancouver Mounties but were forced to find a new name because the RCMP objected it.
The team had struggled in their early years and they finished last in their division in five of their six seasons.
Over their six seasons, they had an overall record of 101 wins and 359 loses and were never able to make it to the playoffs.
After the 1998–99 lockout, the team suffered low attendance and a weak Canadian dollar was making the owner Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment lose money on the franchise.
After they failed to sell the team to Bill Laurie, it was instead sold to Michael Heisley.
At the time, Heisley said that he was going to keep the team in Vancouver, but he then immediately started looking for a suitable relocation city in the US.
He would eventually move the team to Memphis, Tennessee for the 2001-02 season.
Official website (Archived)
Vancouver Grizzlies history at sportsecyclopedia.com
2001 disestablishments in Canada
Defunct sports teams
Rango is a 2011 American computer-animated action comedy movie that was produced by Gore Verbinski, Graham King and John B. Carls and was directed by Gore Verbinski.
Rango was released on March 4, 2011 in North America.
Rango was positively received from audience.
It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.
Johnny Depp as Rango
Isla Fisher as Beans
James Ward Bykrit as Waffles
Abigail Breslin as Priscilla
Alfred Molina as Roadkill
Bill Nighy as Rattlesnake Jake
Harry Dean Stanton as Balthazar
Maile Flanagan as Boo
Ray Winstone as Bad Bill
Nika Futterman as Akiano
Claudia Black as Angélique
Ned Beatty as Tortoise John
Timothy Olyphant as The Spirit of the West
Alanna Ubach as Fresca
Lew Temple as Furgus
Ian Abercrombie as Ambrose
Stephen Root as Doc and Merrimack
John Cothran, Jr. as Elgin
Beth Grant as Bonnie
Gil Birmingham as Wounded Bird
Blake Clark as Buford
Joe Nunez as Rockeye
Daisy Eckersley as Melonee
Alex Manugian as Spoons
Logan Grove as Mouse Boy #1
Kwesi Boakye as Mouse Boy #2
Kyla Rae Kowalewski as Mouse Girl
Rango's Official website
Abigail Kathleen Breslin (born April 14, 1996) is an American actress.
She first appeared in the 2002 science fiction movie, Signs.
Breslin had her breakthrough role in the 2006 comedy-drama Little Miss Sunshine where she played Olive Hoover.
At age 10, she was one of the youngest people to be nominated for an Academy Award.
The ICC Cricket World Cup is an international cricket competition.
It is played in the One Day International (ODI) cricket format.
The event is organised by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC).
Cricket World Cup is the third largest sporting event in the world, behind soccer's World Cup and the Summer Olympic Games.
The first Cricket World Cup contest was organised in England in 1975.
A separate Women's Cricket World Cup has been held every four years since 1973.
The finals of the Cricket World Cup are contested by all ten Test-playing nations.
They are joined by other nations who qualify through the Cup Qualifying competition.
Australia has been the most successful team winning the title five times (in 1987, 1999, 2003 and 2007,2015).
West Indies (in 1975 and 1979) and India (in 1983 and 2011) have won the title 2 times each.
And Pakistan (in 1992) and Sri Lanka (in 1996) have won the title one time each.
The first ever international cricket match was played between Canada and the United States, on the 24 and 25 September 1844.
However, the first credited Test match was played in 1877 between Australia and England, and the two teams competed regularly for The Ashes in subsequent years.
South Africa was admitted to Test status in 1889.
Representative cricket teams were selected to tour each other, resulting in bilateral competition.
Cricket was also included as an Olympic sport at the 1900 Paris Games, where Great Britain defeated France to win the Gold medal.
This was the only appearance of cricket at the Summer Olympics.
The first multi team competition at international level was the 1912 Triangular Tournament.
It was a Test cricket tournament played in England between England, Australia and South Africa.
In subsequent years, international Test cricket has been generally been organised as bilateral series.
A multi team Test tournament was not organised again until the quadrangular Asian Test Championship in 1999.
In the early 1960s, English county cricket teams began playing a shortened version of cricket which only lasted for one day.
Starting in 1962 with a four-team knockout competition known as the Midlands Knock-Out Cup, and continuing with the inaugural Gillette Cup in 1963, one-day cricket grew in popularity in England.
A national Sunday League was formed in 1969.
The first One-Day International event was played on the fifth day of a rain-aborted Test match between England and Australia at Melbourne in 1971, to fill the time available and as compensation for the frustrated crowd.
It was a forty over match with eight balls per over.
The Test-playing nations qualify automatically for the World Cup main event, while the other teams have to qualify through a series of preliminary qualifying tournaments.
The One Day International playing nations automatically enter the final qualification tournament, the World Cup Qualifier, along with other nations who have qualified through separate competitions.
Qualifying tournaments were introduced for the second World Cup, where two of the eight places in the finals were awarded to the leading teams in the ICC Trophy.
The number of teams selected through the ICC Trophy has varied throughout the years; currently, six teams are selected for the Cricket World Cup.
The World Cricket League (administered by the International Cricket Council) is the qualification system provided to allow the Associate and Affiliate members of the ICC more opportunities to qualify.
The name "ICC Trophy" has been changed to "ICC World Cup Qualifier".
The format of the Cricket World Cup has changed greatly over the course of its history.
The first four tournaments were played by eight teams, divided into two groups of four.
The competition was held in two stages.
A group stage and a knock-out stage.
The four teams in each group played each other once in the group stage.
The top two teams in each group went through to the semi-finals.
The winners of the semi-finals played against each other in the final.
With the return of South Africa in 1992 after the ending of the apartheid boycott, nine teams played each other once in the group phase, and the top four teams progressed to the semi-finals.
The tournament was made bigger in 1996, with two groups of six teams.
The top four teams from each group progressed to quarter-finals and semi-finals.
A new format was used for the 1999 and 2003 World Cups.
The teams were split into two pools.
The top three teams in each pool went into the Super 6.
The "Super 6" teams played the three other teams that had made it through from the other group.
The teams carried their points forward from the matches played against the other two who were in their group.
The top four teams from the "Super 6" stage progressed to the semi-finals, with winners playing in the final.
The last format used in the 2007 World Cup, features 16 teams allocated into four groups of four.
Each team played each other once within the group.
Teams earn points for wins and half-points for ties.
The top two teams from each group move forward to the Super 8 round.
The "Super 8" teams play the other six teams that progressed from the different groups.
Teams earned points in the same way as the group stage.
Teams also carry their points forward from the match against the other team who qualified from the same group.
The top four teams from the "Super 8" round advance to the semi-finals.
The winners of the semi-finals play in the final.
The current format features 14 teams.
The 14 teams are split into two groups of seven.
Within each group each team will play each other once.
The top four teams from each group will proceed to the knock out stage playing quarter-finals.
Winners of the quarter-finals will play semi-finals and the winning semi-finalists will play in the final.
The ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy is presented to the winners of the World Cup finals.
The current trophy was created for the 1999 championships, and was the first permanent prize in the tournament's history; prior to this, different trophies were made for each World Cup.
The trophy was designed and produced in London by a team of craftsmen from Garrard & Co over a period of two months.
The current trophy is made from silver and gild, and features a golden globe held up by three silver columns.
The columns, shaped as stumps and bails, represent the three fundamental aspects of cricket: batting, bowling and fielding, while the globe characterises a cricket ball.
The trophy is designed with platonic dimensions, so that it can be easily recognised from any angle.
It stands 60 cm high and weighs approximately 11 kilograms.
The names of the previous winners are engraved on the base of the trophy, with space for a total of twenty inscriptions.
The original trophy is kept by the ICC.
A replica, which differs only in the inscriptions, is permanently awarded to the winning team.
The tournament is the world's third largest (with only the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics  exceeding it), being televised in over 200 countries to over 2.2 billion television viewers.
Television rights, mainly for the 2011 and 2015 World Cup, were sold for over US$1.1 billion, and sponsorship rights were sold for a further US$500 million.
The 2003 Cricket World Cup matches were attended by 626,845 people, while the 2007 Cricket World Cup sold more than 672,000 tickets and recorded the highest ticketing revenue for a Cricket World Cup.
Successive World Cup tournaments have generated increasing media attention as One-Day International cricket has become more established.