the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
If there is still time left, they may put on fresh tyres and try to set a faster hot lap.
DNQ
In the past, there were more cars entered for each race than the track had available space.
When this would happen, not all cars would qualify.
The slowest cars would not be able to race and would be listed as Did not Qualify (DNQ) in race results.
Pre-qualifying
In the late 1980s and early 1990s the number of cars attempting to enter each race was as high as 39.
It was too dangerous to have that many cars on the track at the same time.
A pre-qualifying session was used.
The teams with the worst record over the last six months would need to pre-qualify.
This including all new teams.
Only the four fastest cars from this session were then allowed to the main qualifying session.
The slowest cars from the pre-qualifying session were listed in race results as Did Not Pre-Qualify (DNPQ).
Pre-qualifying was ended after  when many of the small teams left the sport.
107% rule
As the number of cars entered fell below 26, a new problem started.
All cars entered would automatically qualify for the race.
Some cars were much slower than most of the other cars.
The 107% rule was introduced in .
If the qualifying time of a car was not within 107% of the pole time, the car would not qualify for the race.
For example, if the pole time was 1m 30s, the slowest a car could go to qualify would be 1m 36s.
The race stewards could allow a slow car to race if they thought there was a good reason for it being slow.
For example, rain may have slowed down the qualifying session.
This rule returned for the  F1 season.
The race itself is held on Sunday afternoon (Sunday night in Singapore, Bahrain and Abu Dhabi).
Thirty minutes before race time, the cars take to the track.
They may run several warm-up laps if they wish.
When they are ready, they line up on the starting grid in the order they qualified.
At race time, a green turns on to start the formation lap.
The formation lap is a slow lap around the circuit.
The cars warm up the engines and tyres, and all systems are checked.
The cars return to their assigned grid spot and stop.
The start is called a standing start.
The starting light system is a set of five red lights mounted above the start/finish line.
The red lights turn on one at a time, until all five red lights are on.
Then there is a short delay of several seconds.
Then the red lights turn off the race starts.
The delay is different each time to keep the drivers from guessing when the race will start.
The length of the race is at least 305 kilometers.
The fewest laps needed to race at least 305 km is determined for each circuit.
The one race that is different is Monaco.
There, the race is set at 78 laps for 206.5 km.
The time of the race can not exceed two hours.
After two hours, the race is ended the next time the lead car passes the finish line.
The race can also be stopped short of the full distance for safety reasons if conditions are bad.
Pit stops
Any time the car needs to be serviced, the driver must make a pit stop.
The pit lane is next to the main straight with the start/finish line.
The driver must enter the pit lane using the marked entrance road and select the pit limiter button, speeds vary from race to race.
If they do flaunt the limit, they will receive a penalty.
The driver stops the car in the team's pit box.
Each team has one pit box to service both of their cars.
After the work is done, the driver reenters the pit lane.
At the end of the pit lane, they enter the pit exit road.
Here they speed up the car to race speed.
The driver may not cross the white line, until the end of the pit exit lane, otherwise they will recieve a penalty.
Dry weather tyres
Teams are supplied with tyres from Pirelli.
They receive two different types of slick (tyres that have no tread) dry weather tyre compounds.
The prime tyres and the option tyre.
The prime tyre is made from harder rubber and will last longer.
The option tyre is made from softer rubber.
It will provide more traction in the corners, but will not last as long as the prime tyre.
Each car is required to use at least one set of prime and one set of option tyres during the race.
The drivers who qualify in the first ten positions must start the race with the same tyres they qualified on.
The remaining drivers may start the race on the tyre of their choice.
Wet weather tyres
Teams are supplied with two different types of wet weather tyres.
The intermediate and wet tyre.
Intermediate tyres are used when the track surface is damp or during a light rain.
Wet tyres (sometimes called full wets tyres) are used when the track surface is very wet.
Teams are no longer allowed to refuel their cars during the race.
The cars must start the race with enough fuel to complete the full race distance.
In the past, refueling was allowed.
The amount of fuel a team would add to the car was part of the race strategy.
Less fuel would make the car lighter so it would go faster.
But more pit stops would be required to add fuel.
Race end
When the leader completes the last lap of the race, and crosses the finish line, the race ends.
Any remaining cars on the circuit race to the finish line and complete the lap they are on.
If they are also on the lead lap, they are scored as being so many seconds behind the leader.
If they are not on the lead lap, they are scored as being so many laps behind the leader.
Any cars not still running are normally scored as retired (Ret).
If they have completed 90% of the race distance, they scored with a finishing position.
The first three finishing positions are called a podium finish.
The three drivers take their places on a podium.
They stand as the national anthem of the race winner's home country and that of his team are played.
Dignitaries from the country hosting the race then present trophies to the drivers.
A constructor's trophy is presented to a representative from the winner's team.
Points are awarded to drivers and teams based on their finishing order.
The winner receives 25 points, the second place finisher 18 points, with 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 and 1 points for positions 3 through 10 and a bonus point for setting the fastest lap for any driver who finishes in a points scoring position.
If a race is stopped before 75% of the scheduled race distance has been completed, the points awarded are cut in half.
If two or more drivers tie for a position, prizes and points are added together and shared equally for all those drivers who tie.
Constructors receive points as well as drivers.
Each constructor receives the same amount of points that their two drivers earned.
The winner of the annual Driver's Championship is the driver with the most points.
The same hold true for the Constructors' Championship.
If two or more drivers (or constructors) have the same number of points, a tie breaker system is used.
The one with the most wins is ranked higher.
If the number of wins are the same, it goes to the one with the most second places and so on.
In the past, other point systems were used.
Also, there were not as many races during the season as today.
In the early years, there were seasons with as few as seven races.
When F1 started in , only eight points were awarded to the winner.
For the first decade of F1, an additional point was awarded for the fastest lap.
For many years, only the best number of results would count toward the championship.
In  Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna were the drivers for McLaren.
Understanding the sport
F1 Sporting Regulations
The harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) is one of the largest eagles and most powerful birds of prey in the world.
It is a magnificent meat-eater that lives in Central and South American rainforests.
It is colored black and white.
This large eagle makes whistling and clicking calls.
It is an endangered species because of the fragmentation and destruction of its habitat through logging, and also because of hunting.
The harpy eagle mostly eats large mammals, including monkeys and sloths.
It eats howler monkeys, pygmy sloths, capybaras (the largest rodent in the world), foxes, capuchin monkeys, and some birds.
Its talons reach to 5 inches, more than 2 times the length of a grizzly bear's claw.
The Quadrivium is the medieval education which led to the Master of Arts (MA) degree.
The Quadrivium follows the Trivium in a liberal arts education.
The quadrivium consisted of four disciplines which were related to mathematics:
Arithmetic (numbers)
Geometry (space)
Music (time: harmonics)
Astronomy (time and space)
These four studies compose the secondary part of the curriculum outlined by Plato in The Republic.
All the education was done in Latin, which educated pupils learnt at school, or from a private tutor.
Latin was the lingua franca (universal language) of mediaeval Europe: even the Bible could only be read in Latin.
Since the quadrivium was taught in universities, only boys could take it (because only males took part in universities).
The teaching was done by priests.
If girls wanted education, it had to be done in their homes.
In the modern form of liberal arts in the United States, both sexes are taught, although there are still a few single-sex institutions.
Croke Park () is a stadium.
It is the biggest stadium in Ireland.
It is in the middle of Dublin.
It is the third largest stadium in Europe.
It can hold 82,300 people.
The stadium is owned by the GAA (Gaelic Athletic Association), Ireland´s biggest sport organisation.
Since 1884 it is used by the GAA.
The annual finals of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship and Senior Hurling Championship are held here Music concerts by major international acts have also been held.
From 2007–2009 it was also used for rugby and soccer.
The stadium is named after Thomas Croke, an archbishop, who was an early mentor of the GAA.
The area was used since 1870 as a sports ground.
It was called Jones's Road Sportsground.
Since the foundation of the Gaelic Athletic Association it was used for major events in Gaelic sports.
In 1913 the ground was bought by them.
At this time the ground had one stand and earth walls around the field.
In the 1920s the capacity raised by building new stands.
In the 1980s the GAA decided to build a high capacity stadium.
The final constructions were in 2003.
During the Irish War of Independence on November 21, 1920 Croke Park was the scene of a massacre by the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC).
The police shot into a crowd which was visiting a Dublin-Tipperary Gaelic football match.
The dead included 13 spectators and Tipperary's captain, Michael Hogan.
To his memory the new stand of 1924 was named "Hogan Stand".
Stadiums in Europe
19th-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
Iron(III) nitrate, also known as ferric nitrate, is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is Fe(NO3)3.
It contains iron in its +3 oxidation state.
Iron(III) nitrate is a light purple solid.
It absorbs water easily to make a hydrate (chemical with water molecules attached to it).
It is made by reacting iron or iron(III) oxide with nitric acid.
The reaction of iron with nitric acid makes nitrogen dioxide.
Nitrogen dioxide is a brown and toxic gas.
It is used to etch silver alloys.
It is also used to make sodium amide.
It acts as a catalyst in this reaction.
It can be mixed with clay to make an oxidant clay.
This oxidant clay can be used to make organic molecules.
Iron(III) nitrate is oxidizing, so it can catch things on fire.
It is also corrosive to metal and can burn skin.
The 7.618 km (4.734 mi) course was designed by the Royal Automobile Club of Morocco.
It was given a full blessing from Sultan Mohammed V. It was built in only six weeks.
The site hosted an non-championship F1 race in 1957.
On 19 October 1958 the course was the venue for the Moroccan Grand Prix, the final round in the  Formula One season.
It was won by Stirling Moss driving a Vanwall, completing the 53 laps in 2h 09m 15.1s.
There was a terrible accident during the race.
The engine on the Vanwall of Stuart Lewis-Evans seized up.
The car spun and crashed.
He was severely burned, and died in a hospital in England six days later.
Beau Brummell, (born George Bryan Brummell, London 7 June 1778 – died Caen, France 30 March 1840), was the leader of men's fashion in Regency England.
He was a friend of the Prince Regent, the future King George IV, and started the fashion for men to wear tailored clothes that were tasteful and fitted well.
Brummell once said: "If John Bull turns around to look at you, you are not well dressed; but either too stiff, too tight, or too fashionable".
This hardly suggests a dandy whose cravats alone were a peacock display.
No doubt Brummell wore various styles, but one in particular seems to have been his favourite.
The style included dark coats and full-length trousers, with an elaborately-knotted cravat.
The coat was cut away at the front, and double-breasted.
If worn open, it had a double-breasted waistcoat underneath.
The tails of the coat were not long, ending above the back of the knees.
They were cut square.
The collar of the coat was a 'stand-up': it stood higher at the back of the neck.
Beau Brummell is credited with introducing and establishing as fashion the modern man's suit, worn with a tie.
The modern tie is a descendant of the cravat.
It is said that Brummell believed in cut rather than colour.
In the illustration his clothes are well-fitted, but also quite colourful by our standards.
"In the absence of colour and dazzle, tailoring would be noticed as never before.
The humble tape-measure, for example, is one small example of his effect on clothing.
Measuring came to be standardised as a result of the dandy craze and Brummell".
He claimed to take five hours to dress.
He recommended using champagne to clean boots and make them shine.
His style of dress is often referred to as dandyism, Brummell would not have agreed with that description.
Brummell's personal grooming was very modern.
He kept himself clean, which most people did not in his day.
"Every day, his toilette would take more than two hours and would involve brushing his teeth, shaving, a thorough wash and scrub; followed by brushing his body all over with a stiff brush and finally pursuing any errant remaining hairs with a pair of tweezers.
He prided himself on never needing scent because he was so clean".
This kind of care is quite modern, and a part of celebrity culture today.
He was a perfectionist in his choice of clothes.
There's a story of someone who visited him, and met his valet coming out of the room carrying a tray full of cravats. "
These, Sir, are our failures"!
said the valet.
Brummell said of himself "I have no talents other than to dress; my genius is in the wearing of clothes".
His father died in 1794, leaving him an inheritance of more than £20,000 pounds.
He was educated at Eton and at Oriel College, Oxford University.
He later joined the 10th Hussars, where he came to the attention of George, Prince of Wales.
Through the influence of the Prince, Brummell was promoted to captain by 1796.
When his regiment was sent from London to Manchester he resigned his commission.
For a time, Brummell avoided extravagance and gambling.
For example, he kept horses but no carriages.
He was included in Prince George's circle.
Here, he made an impression with his elegant manner of dress, and his clever remarks.
His attention to cleaning his teeth, shaving and bathing daily became popular.
However he did spend money on his appearance.
When asked how much it would cost to keep a single man in clothes, he was alleged to have replied: "Why, with tolerable economy, I think it might be done with £800".
Brummell was influenced by his wealthy friends.
He began spending and gambling as though his fortune were as great as theirs.
This was not a problem while he could still get credit, but that did not last.
Brummel could borrow money based on his closeness to the Prince.
But in 1811, the Prince became Regent and began abandoning all his old Whig friends.
Brummell, Lord Alvanley, Henry Mildmay and Henry Pierrepoint were the prime movers of Watier's, called "the Dandy Club" by Byron.
They were also the four hosts of the masquerade ball in July 1813.
There an event occurred which ruined Brummel.
The Prince Regent greeted Alvanley and Pierrepoint, but then "cut" Brummell and Mildmay by snubbing them, staring them in the face but not speaking to them.
This provoked Brummell's remark, which became famous: "Alvanley, who's your fat friend?".
This widened the rift between them.
Normally, the loss of royal favour to a favourite was doom, but Brummell had the approval and friendship of other leading people.
He became a favourite without a patron, still in charge of fashion and courted by large segments of society.
However, his debts spun out of control and, when he tried to recover by various schemes, that only dug the hole deeper.
In 1816, he fled to France to escape debtor's prison.
Payment was demanded of thousands of pounds sterling owed by him.
Usually, Brummell's gambling debts, as "debts of honour", were always paid immediately.
The one exception to this was the final wager recorded for him in White's betting book.
Recorded March, 1815, the debt was marked "not paid, 20th January, 1816".
He lived the remainder of his life in France.
In the reign of William IV he got an appointment at Caen by the influence of Lord Alvanley and the Marquess of Worcester.
This gave him a small annuity.
His final comment to a visiting friend was "My wallpaper and I are fighting a battle to the death.
One of us has to go!"
He died penniless and insane from strokes in Caen in 1840.
A Greater London Council commemorative blue plaque for Beau Brummell is at 4 Chesterfield Street, London W1
John Nash (18 January 1752 – 13 May 1835) was an English architect responsible for much of the layout of Regency London.
He was the most important architect of the period 1800 to 1835
Nash was born in Lambeth.
He studied architecture as an apprentice to Sir Robert Taylor for nine years.
From 1810, Nash would take very few private commissions.
He was a dedicated Whig and was a friend of Charles James Fox, who was Foreign Secretary in 1806.
Perhaps through Fox, Nash came to the attention of the Prince Regent (later King George IV).
For the rest of his career he would largely work for the Prince.
His first major commissions in 1811 from the Prince was Regent Street and the development of an area then known as Marylebone Park.
With the Regent's backing Nash created a master plan for the area, put into action from 1818 onwards, which stretched from St James’s northwards and included Regent Street, Regent's Park and its neighbouring streets, terraces and crescents of elegant town houses and villas.
Nash did not complete all the detailed designs himself; in some instances, completion was left in the hands of other architects.
Nash was employed by the Prince to develop his Ocean Pavilion Palace in Brighton, originally designed by Henry Holland.
By 1822 Nash had finished his work on the Ocean Pavilion, which was now transformed into the Royal Pavilion.
Buckingham Palace: the state rooms and western front
Park Square
Park Crescent
Carlton House Terrace, London
Haymarket Theatre
Trafalgar Square (first version)
England & Wales
Cardigan Gaol
The Brighton Royal Pavilion
Luscombe Castle
Sandridge Park
Guildhall, Newport, Isle of Wight
Castle House, later extended to form Old College Aberystwyth University
Hereford Gaol
Whitson Court, near Newport
Caerhays Castle, Cornwall
Ravensworth Castle
John Pattisons house.
Newport iow
Ballindoon House
Killymoon Castle, near Cookstown, County Tyrone
Shanbally Castle, near Clogheen, South Tipperary
Rockingham House, Boyle, County Roscommon
Lough Cutra Castle, County Galway
The right to education is one of the human rights, but it is not used by everyone.
It is thought that all children should go to school for primary education from the age of three years, to the age of ten years.
Furthermore, all children should have access to secondary education, and higher education.
However, many children around the world cannot or do not go to secondary education or higher education.
The right to education is written in Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 14 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
The right to education has also been re-stated in the 1960 UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education, 1st Protocol of ECHR and the 1981 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
It is also listed in the European Convention on Human Rights, Protocol 1, Article 2.
Some national constitutions name this right, for example the Belgian constitution (former article 17, now article 24) or the Dutch constitution (article 23).
the right to education give preference to all the children and help for her rights of education.
The Global Hunger Index is a measurement to measure the hunger situation in a country.
It is a Statistical tool.
There are three numbers which are used to calculate the GHI.
Each number has the same importance:
The number of people who cannot get their needed energy intake each day, out of the total poulation of the area.
This is a percentage.
The number of children, under the age of 5, which are underweight; again taken against the total number of children of that age group.
The child mortality rate.
To get the World Hunger index, the weighted average of the three numbers is taken.
This number will be between 0 and 100.
Higher numbers are worse.
The numbers can be interpreted as follows:
Values below 5: there is little concern for a hunger situation
5-9.9: there is a moderate concern for a hunger situation
10-19.9: "serious hunger situation"
20-29.9:"alarming hunger situation"
30 or above: extremely alarming hunger situation
Today, the highest values can be found in Africa south of the Sahara, and in South Asia, with values of 22.1, and 23.0.
Even though the numbers may be similar, the source of the problem is different.
In Sub-saharan Africa the main problem is high child mortality rates, and a large number of people who cannot meet their energy requirements.
In South Asia, the main problem is the high number of malnurished children under the age of five.
This may also be a consequence of the fact that women have a poorer education, and baby girls are not fed as well as baby boys.
The School of Athens is a famous fresco by the artist Raphael.
It was painted during the Italian Renaissance between 1510 and 1511.
The picture is known as "Raphael's masterpiece and the perfect embodiment of the classical spirit of the High Renaissance".
2: Epicurus  Possibly, the image of two philosophers, who were typically shown in pairs during the Renaissance:  Heraclitus, the "weeping" philosopher, and Democritus, the "laughing" philosopher.
11: Parmenides? (
Leonardo da Vinci)
19: Strabo or Zoroaster? (
Baldassare Castiglione)
The GP2 Series, GP2 for short, is a form of open wheel motor racing.
GP2 was started in 2005 after the Formula 3000 was stopped.
The format was conceived by Bernie Ecclestone and Flavio Briatore, while Ecclestone also has the rights to the name GP1.
In 2010 the GP3 Series class was launched, as a feeder class for the GP2 series.
GP2 was designed to be an affordable racing series and a training series for Formula One.
GP2 requires all of the teams to use the same chassis, engine and tyre supplier.
Almost all races have taken place as support races on Formula One race weekends.
Many drivers have used GP2 as a stepping stone into Formula One.
GP2 Series cars
The 4 L Renault V8 engine features design and software upgrades designed to improve performance and fuel consumption.
The engine produces about 620 bhp (432.5 kW).
GP2 Series engines are rev-limited to 10,000 rpm.
Bridgestone supplying three slick tyre compounds for racing on dry (soft, medium and hard).
They also provide a wet weather tyre.
The choice of tyre to be raced is made by the Bridgestone  and the GP2 Series organizers prior to each event.
Race weekend
On Friday, drivers have a 30-minute practice session and a 30-minute qualifying session.
The qualifying session decides the grid order for Saturday's race which has a length of 180 kilometers.
On Sunday there is a sprint race of 120 km.
The grid is decided by the Saturday result with top 8 being reversed, so the driver who finished 8th on Saturday will start from pole position and the winner will start from 8th place.
Pole for Saturday races: 2 points
Fastest lap: 1 point in each race.
Driver recording fastest lap has to drive 90% of race laps.
The driver must now also start the race from his allocated grid position and as of 2008 must finish in the top ten of the race to be eligible for the fastest lap point.
With this points system, the most number of points anyone can score in one round is 20 by claiming pole position, winning both races with the fastest lap in each race.
This has only been achieved twice in GP2 Racing's short history.
By Brazilian Nelson Piquet, Jr. in the 9th round of the 2006 season in Hungary and by German Nico Hülkenberg in the 5th round of the 2009 season in Germany.
Fastest Lap and Pole position are the same in the previous system
Drivers graduated to F1
Drivers are listed by their last year in GP2 Series.
Usually they started in F1 at the start of the following season.
= graduated to F1 later
= started in F1 mid-season
GP2 Series site
English Information Website
Hacavitz is a Mexican death metal band formed in 2003.
The band took their name from the Mayan god Jacawitz.
Antimo Buonnano - Guitars, Bass, Vocals (Profanator, Blood Reaping, Demonized, ex-Impiety, ex-Disgorge, Domain, Ravager)
Oscar Garcia - Drums (Demonized, ex-Impiety, Domain, Ravager)
Live members
Edgar Garcia - Bass
Eduardo Guevara - Guitars
Antonio Nolasco - Bass
Venganza (2005)
Katun (2007)
Metztli Obscura (2010)
Hacavitz (2004)
Lusting the Dead of the Night (2005)
Apocalyptik Blasphemy of the Revolutionists (split w/Zygoatsis) (2006)
Rituals of the Night (split w/Thornspawn) (2008)
Official Bandsite
Mexican musical groups
2003 in music
2000s establishments in Mexico
2010 disestablishments in Mexico
2010s establishments in Mexico
The person may be waiting for this care or may be receiving it or may have already received it.
There is considerable lack of agreement about the precise meaning of the term "patient."
From the Latin verb "patior" meaning "to suffer" both in the sense of feeling pain and in the sense of forbearance.
Thus, the two uses of the word "patient" -- as a noun denoting "someone who suffers" and as an adjective meaning "to bear with forbearance" -- stem from the same origin.
Patient centered care is the hallmark of quality health care.
This approach encourages respectful and responsive collaboration between health care professionals and patients and takes into consideration patients’ preferences, needs and values.
Understanding patient experience is a key step in moving toward patient-centered care.
By looking at various aspects of patient experience, one can assess the extent to which patients are receiving care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient.
Inpatient and Outpatient
Inpatient care requires overnight hospitalization.
Patients must stay at the medical facility where their procedure was done for at least one night.
During this time, they remain under the supervision of a nurse or doctor.
Patients receiving outpatient care don’t need to spend a night in a hospital.
They're free to leave the doctor’s office, outpatient clinic or hospital once the procedure is over.
Sometimes, they need to wait while anesthesia wears off or to make sure there aren’t any complications.
As long as there aren’t any serious complications, though, patients don’t have to spend the night being supervised.
Grouse are a group of game birds from the order Galliformes.
They are often considered a family Tetraonidae, all though the and many others include grouse in the family Phasianidae.
The grouse are henlike terrestrial birds, there plumage is protectively shaded of brown, gray, and red.
Entirely hidden by feathers, and also their legs are completely feathered.
Abhisit Vejjajiva (; ;  Thai pronunciation), born 3 August 1964 is the leader of the Democrat Party and 27th Prime Minister of Thailand.
After graduating from Eton, a famous public school in England, Abhisit get his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Oxford.
He was elected to the Thai Parliament at the age of 27.
In 2008, he became the country’s youngest-ever prime ministers at the age of 44
Abhisit became prime minister during global economic crisis and faced rising politic problems in the country.
The government under Abhisit Vejjajiva introduce economic stimulus to “REVIVE THE THAI ECONOMY with transparency and accountability”.
The Economic Plan is separated into two phrases, Stimulus Package 1 and stimulus Package 2.
Born in Newcastle, England, went to Eton Public school during his teenage life, before continuing his higher education at Oxford University.
Abhisit received at Bachelor’s Degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE) with first class honor and master's degree in Economics.
Abhisit’s “family is a circle of accomplished individuals”.
His father, Professor Doctor Athasit Vejjajiva, an ex-minister of public health and his mother, Professor Doctor Sodsai Vejjajiva.
One of his two sisters is a professor of child psychology.
The  other is a leading Thai author.
Formula Two, often called F2, is a type of open wheel auto racing.
It served as a feeder series to Formula One.
In 1985 it was replaced by Formula 3000.
In 2008 the FIA announced that Formula Two would return for 2009 season in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship.
The goal is to develop a low-cost series to allow young drivers a chance to compete in the highest levels of motor racing.
Formula One is generally regarded as the top open-wheeled auto racing series.
Because of the high performance and expense of the cars, a lower level racing series was needed for developing drivers and teams.
For much of the history of F1, Formula Two was that step in the racing ladder.
Pre-war
Before the Second World War, there was a division of racing cars smaller and less powerful than the Grand Prix racers.
This division was usually called voiturette ("small car") racing.
It provided a place for amateur or less experienced drivers and smaller team to prove themselves.
Official beginnings (post war–1953)
In 1946, Formula A (later known at Formula 1) was introduced.
The old 1.5 L voiturette formula was replaced with 3.0 L supercharged cars.
The engines 2.0 L normally aspirated or 750 cc supercharged.
The 750 cc engines were rarely used.
This brought new manufactures, such as Cooper to move up to Formula Two.
Formula One in its early years was very expensive.
There were so few cars entered for the 1952 and 1953 that the World Championship Grand Prix races were run to Formula Two rules.
Formula Two development
F2 started to decline with the arrival of the 2.5 L Formula One in 1954.
A new format of Formula Two was introduced for 1957 with 1.5 L engines.
This became dominated by rear-engined Coopers and Bobtail sports car.
Porsches cars based on their RSK sports cars enjoying some success.
Ferrari originally developed their 'Sharknose' Dino 156 as an F2 car.
The dominant engine was the Coventry-Climax FPF four cylinder.
Formula Junior was introduced in 1959.
It tried to replace F3 and F2.
It was realised that it needed to be split up.
F2 and F3 were reintroduced for the 1964 season.
F2 cars had a 1.0 L engine.
Many F1 stars drove in the F2 series on their "off-days".
By the late 1960s, many felt the gap between F1 and F2 too wide.
A new 1.6 L production-based engine formula for F2 was introduced.
This brought the series back to a feeder series for F1.
The most popular engine was the Cosworth FVA.
In 1967, the FIA introduced the European Formula Two Championship.
Jacky Ickx, driving a Matra MS5, won the first championship.
In 1972, the formula was changed to increase power.
2.0 L production-based engines were allowed.
Cosworth BDs and BMW four-cylinder engines dominated the early years.
BMW-powered Marches slowly gained the lead.
For 1976, race only engines were permitted.
After the 1984 season, Formula Two was upgraded to Formula 3000.
This was an attempt to merge F2-style chassis with the normally-aspirated 3000cc Cosworth DFV V8 engines.
These engines were now obsolete in the all-turbocharged Formula One.
F3000 was replaced by the GP2 Series in 2005.
To save money, standard 4000cc V8 engines are used.
They provided 580 hp at low a cost.
Revival of F2 (2008-present)
MotorSport Vision (MSV) won the contract to supply chassis and engines for the new FIA Formula Two Championship.
MSV is also the promoter of the Championship as well as the operating entity for all of the cars.
The cars were designed by Williams Grand Prix Engineering Ltd and prepared by MotorSport Vision (MSV).
The open wheel chassis is powered by a 1.8L turbocharged Audi engine developed by Mountune Racing.
The new F2 cars are aimed to fall between F1 and F3 in performance.
MSV, owned by former Formula One driver, Jonathan Palmer.
The first championship was won by Andy Soucek.
The season was marred by the death of Henry Surtees during Round 4 at Brands Hatch.
Other Formula Two series
A number of other Formula Two series have existed around the world.
They include Japanese Formula Two (now known as Formula Nippon), Australian Formula 2 (since 1964).
Other national Formula Two series include Mexican, Brazilian, Argentina, and South American.
The British Formula 3000 series was briefly known as Formula Two.
Formula Two champions
Official Website of the FIA Formula Two Championship
Formula 2 register
Formula 2 research at OldRacingCars.com
Photos of F2
1967 establishments
Lechites, or Lekhites (), are an ethnic and linguistic subdivision of West Slavs.
Lechitic group include:
Masovians
Lendians
Vyatichi
Radimichs
Lechia
Zinc hydroxide is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is Zn(OH)2.
It contains zinc and hydroxide ions.
Zinc hydroxide is a white solid.
It reacts with acids to make zinc salts.
It dissolves in concentrated bases.
It dissolves in ammonia to make a colorless solution.
It can be heated to make zinc oxide.
Zinc hydroxide is found as a few rare minerals.
It is not a main zinc ore.
Zinc hydroxide can be made by reacting zinc chloride or zinc sulfate with sodium hydroxide.
A dilute solution of sodium hydroxide was used so the zinc hydroxide didn't dissolve.
Zinc hydroxide is used to absorb blood in large bandages.
These bandages are used after surgery.
Zinc phosphate is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is Zn3(PO4)2.
It contains zinc and phosphate ions.
Zinc phosphate is a white solid.
It can react with strong acids to make phosphoric acid and a zinc salt.
It can be made by reacting zinc with phosphoric acid.
It is normally made by reacting zinc oxide and magnesium oxide with a mixture of phosphoric acid, water, and a buffer.
It is used as a cement in dentistry.
It rarely is found as a mineral.
Zinc bromide is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is ZnBr2.
It contains zinc and bromide ions.
Zinc bromide is a colorless solid.
It makes an acidic solution.
It can be made by reacting barium bromide with zinc sulfate.
This forms barium sulfate which can be filtered out.
It can also be made by reacting zinc with bromine.
It can also be made by reacting zinc with hydrogen bromide or hydrobromic acid.
It can be used in organic chemistry.
It can be used as a shield against radiation.
There is a battery that uses zinc bromide.
Barium bromide is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is BaBr2.
It contains barium and bromide ions.
Barium bromide is a colorless solid.
It is very toxic because of the barium ions.
It reacts with the sulfate ion to make insoluble (does not dissolve in water) barium sulfate.
Barium bromide can be made by reacting barium carbonate with hydrobromic acid.
It can also be made by a violent reaction between barium and bromine.
It can be used to make zinc bromide.
It also is used to purify radium.
Barium phosphate
Zinc iodide is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is ZnI2.
It contains zinc and iodide ions.
Zinc iodide is a colorless solid.
When it is oxidized it makes iodine.
It is opaque (not clear) to X-rays.
It can be used as a stain in microscope slides.
Zinc fluoride is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is ZnF2.
It contains zinc and fluoride ions.
Zinc fluoride is a colorless solid.
Zinc fluoride is made by reacting zinc chloride with a fluoride.
It can also be made by reacting zinc with fluorine.
It also can be made by reacting zinc with hydrofluoric acid to make hydrogen and zinc fluoride.
Zinc nitrate is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is Zn(NO3)2.
It contains zinc and nitrate ions.
Zinc nitrate is a colorless solid.
It reacts with sodium carbonate to make zinc carbonate.
It can be used as a mordant.
It is also used as a source of zinc ions.
Smithsonite is a mineral.
It contains zinc carbonate, ZnCO3.
It is an ore of zinc.
It has a Mohs hardness (a hardness scale) of 4.5.
It has a specific gravity of 4.5.
Some zinc can be replaced with manganese to make manganese carbonate.
Zinc sulfate is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is ZnSO4.
It contains zinc and sulfate ions.
Zinc sulfate is a colorless solid.
It can react with bases to make zinc hydroxide.
Zinc sulfate can be made by reacting zinc or zinc oxide with sulfuric acid.
It can also be made by reacting copper sulfate with zinc.
Zinc sulfate can be used to add zinc to the soil.
It is also used to add zinc to animal feed.
It was once used to remove acne.
Zinc sulfide is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is ZnS. It contains zinc and sulfide ions.
Zinc sulfide is white when pure.
It can burn at a high temperature to make sulfur dioxide and zinc oxide.
It reacts with strong acids to make hydrogen sulfide.
Zinc sulfide can be made by igniting a mixture of powdered zinc and sulfur.
Another way of making it is to react hydrogen sulfide with a zinc compound.
Zinc sulfide is used to convert ultraviolet light to visible light.
It can be doped with copper to make it glow in the dark.
Zinc oxide is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is ZnO. It contains zinc and oxide ions.
Zinc oxide is a white solid.
It can react with water to make zinc hydroxide.
It reacts with phosphoric acid to make zinc phosphate, a cement.
It reacts with hydrogen sulfide to make zinc sulfide.
It dissolves in strong bases.
It can be reduced by carbon to zinc metal.
Zinc oxide can be made by heating powdered zinc metal.
It can also be made by heating zinc hydroxide.
It can be made by boiling zinc metal in air.
Zinc carbonate makes zinc oxide when heated.
Zinc oxide is used in the vulcanization of rubber, preventing the rubber from becoming brittle.
It also protects the rubber from fungi and ultraviolet light.
Zinc oxide can be added to concrete to help the making and hardening of concrete.
Zinc oxide is used in calamine.
It can be used as a deodorant and an antibacterial cream.
Zinc oxide can be used as a sunscreen.
It can be added to food to add zinc to the diet.
It can also be used in paint as a pigment.
It also clings to certain metals better.
He is best known as a Formula One racing driver.
He drove for the Williams-Toyota team from  to .
Prior to that he had been their test driver.
He has also competited in the GP2 Series for the DAMS team.
For , Nakajima had signed with Stefan GP.
He as to be one of their race drivers.
Stefan GP was not accepted as an entrant in the Formula One world championship.
Nakajima was born in Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
He is the son of the retired Formula One driver Satoru Nakajima.
His younger brother, Daisuke, is also a racing driver.
Pre-Formula One
Nakajima started his career in racing in 1996, when he started karting.
His father had been backed by Toyota's arch-rivals Honda through his career.
Nakajima hoped that by joining Toyota he would shield himself against any claims that his father had promoted his career.
In 2002, Nakajima won a scholarship in Formula Toyota, which he became champion in a year later.
He progressed onto Japanese Formula Three in 2004, winning two of the 20 races and finishing fifth in the Drivers' Championship.
Nakajima stayed in Japanese Formula Three for 2005, finishing second.
He also raced in the Japanese GT300 sports car series, where he ended the year eighth.
Nakajima moved to the Formula Three Euroseries in 2006.
He finished seventh with 36 points.
In November 2006, Nakajima was named a Williams test driver for the 2007 season.
Nakajima's debut in a Formula One car came at Fuji Speedway during November 2006, where he completed four demonstration laps in wet conditions.
Nakajima raced in the GP2 series in 2007 for the DAMS team.
Nakajima also served as Williams' test driver, completing 7,000 km of testing for the team.
It was announced on 9 October 2007 that following the retirement of Alexander Wurz, Nakajima would race for Williams in the season finale in  Brazilian Grand Prix.
Nakajima finished tenth in the race.
He set the fifth fastest lap – quicker than his team-mate Nico Rosberg, who finished fourth.
On 7 November it was confirmed by Williams that Nakajima would partner Rosberg at the Williams team for the  season.
He had a successful start to 2008 at the Australian Grand Prix.
He finishing seventh but promoted to sixth after Rubens Barrichello was disqualified.
He then finished seventh in the Spanish Grand Prix.
Nakajima scored two points at Monaco.
He was the first Japanese Formula One driver to scored a point at Monaco.
Nakajima scored again at the British Grand Prix.
In Singapore, Nakajima made it to the third qualifying round for the first time.
He qualifyed 10th and finish eighth and scored a point.
Nakajima was retained by Williams for the  season.
At the Australian Grand Prix he crashed into the wall at turn six, putting him out of the race.
Nakajima also retired at Bahrain.
He crashed two laps from the end of the Monaco Grand Prix whilst running in 10th place.
At the British Grand Prix, Nakajima qualifying in an fifth place, hi highest starting spot.
Nakajima finished the season without scoring a single point.
Williams signed Rubens Barrichello and Nico Hülkenberg for 2010, leaving Nakajima without a seat.
Stefan GP announced on 19 February 2010 that Nakajima was one of the team's drivers.
Strefan GP was built from the remains of the Toyota F1 team.
Toyota had withdrawn from F1 in late 2009.
Stefan GP did not have an entry to the 2010 Formula One season.
The FIA ruled that Stefan GP could not be entered for the season at such a late stage.
That left Nakajima with no ride in Formula One for 2010.
Complete Formula One World Championship results
Official F1 website interview
Melissa Etheridge (born May 29, 1961) is an American singer and musician.
Her songs include "Come to my Window" and "I'm the Only One".
Etheridge was born in Leavenworth, Kansas.
She has fifteen Grammy Award nominations.
She has won two Grammy Awards.
Etheridge won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song "I Need to Wake Up".
That song was from the movie An Inconvenient Truth.
Etheridge came out as lesbian in January 1993.
She was diagnosed with breast cancer in October 2004 and has recovered.
MelissaEtheridge.com
Singers from Kansas
People from Leavenworth, Kansas
The Fairly OddParents is an American animated television series that aired on Nickelodeon and Nicktoons.
Created by Butch Hartman and Bob Boyle, the series is based on a series of Oh Yeah!
Cartoons, beginning with the short The Fairly OddParents!.
All of the episodes of The Fairly OddParents listed below are arranged in their production order, rather than their airdate.
Season 1 (2001)
Season 2 (2001–2003)
Season 3 (2002–03)
Season 4 (2003–2005)
Season 5 (2004–2006)
Season 6 (2008–09)
Season 7 (2009–2012)
Season 8 (2011)
Season 9 (2013–2015)
Season 10 (2016–17)
Helen Reddy (25 October 1941 – 29 September 2020) was an Australia singer-songwriter and actress.
Her hits are "Angie Baby" and "No Way to Treat a Lady".
She was born in Australia in 1941.
In the United States she had fifteen singles in the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100.
Her signature hit was "I Am Woman."
1#16 (New Zealand), #17 (UK)
2#13 (New Zealand)
3#1 (New Zealand), The Best of Helen Reddy #5 (UK)u
Tropical Storm Allison is a storm that struck Texas and west central Louisiana during June 1989.
It was responsible for $500 million in damage and eleven deaths.
The storm formed from a westward moving tropical wave merged with the remnants of Pacific Hurricane Cosme.
Despite the damage, the name Allison was not retired.
However, in June 2001, another Tropical Storm Allison caused major damage in the same areas, causing the name Allison to be retired.
1989 in Texas
Hurricane Celia struck the Corpus Christi, Texas region in 1970.
The hurricane caused almost $930 million in damage.
Celia was the strongest Atlantic hurricane of 1970.
It was the costliest storm in Texas history at the time, though other hurricanes since then have caused more destruction.
1970 in the United States
1970s in Texas
Carole King (born February 9, 1942) is an American songwriter, and singer-songwriter.
King and her writing partner Gerry Goffin wrote over twenty songs that became chart hits.
Many different artists recorded her songs in the 1960s.
In 1971 she wrote and recorded the album Tapestry.
This became very successful, and topped the U.S. album chart for 15 weeks.
It is one of the best selling albums of all time.
King was born on Manhattan.
She had her first No.
1 hit as a songwriter in 1961, with "Will You Love Me Tomorrow."
In 2000, Joel Whitburn, who writes for Billboard Magazine, named her the most successful female songwriter of 1955–99, because she wrote or co-wrote 118 pop hits on the Billboard Hot 100.
King made 25 solo albums.
The album that people liked best was Tapestry.
Her most recent album is Live at the Troubadour, which she made with James Taylor.
This album was #4 on the charts in its first week, and has sold over 400,000 copies.
She has won four Grammy Awards and was inducted into (joined) the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her songwriting.
In 2009, Carole King was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame.
Of all the albums made by women ever, Tapestry stayed on the charts for the longest time, and was the best-selling album for the longest time.
www.caroleking.com
Articles on Carole King
Rachel Louis Snyder on Carole King , Salon, June 19, 1999
Franck Scheck on Carole King , Hollywood Reporter, July 15, 2005
Hurricane Connie was a strong hurricane that happened in the Mid Atlantic states and North Carolina.
It caused a lot of damage.
After that, the name Connie was later retired.
Rhenock (Nepali: रिनाक ) is a small town in East district in the Indian state of Sikkim, located at .
It is 63  kilometres east of Gangtok on the way to Jelepla Pass at an altitude of 1,040.
The word Rhe-nock (in Lepcha dialect) means Black Hill.
It is in the far east of Sikkim.
Rhenock had the first police out post in the state, which is the historical event.
Rhenock was covered with dense forest in and around the 13th century.
The Lepchas were the early settlers about six to five hundred years ago.
After the Lepchas, Bhutias settled in the villages presently known as Kyongsa, Aritar & Chalisey.
The people who settled here after 16th century were mostly from Nepali ethnic group such as Newars, Bahuns (Adhikari, Paudel, Gautam, Dahal, Bhandari and Achaarja), Chhetri (Subedi, Khatiwada & Bista), Gurung, Rai and Limboo.
Rhenock is inhabited by the people of different ethnic groups such as Lepchas, Bhutias, Nepalis (Gorkhas), Biharis and Marwaris.
Lepcha tribes who were early settlers have their own unique culture.
Originally followers of Shamanism religion, later became the followers of Buddhism.
Some of them are the followers of Christianity.
Bhutias are another group tribes who are the followers of Buddhism also have their own identity & culture.
Majority of the people are Indian Nepalis also known as Gorkha.
Most of them are the Hindus by religion.
Some of the Nepalis Gurung After 1990 became  Buddhist, before that they were followers of Hinduism.
Some others are the followers of Christianity.
In spite of above all every one respects others belief and faith and celebrates others' festivals which makes a peaceful and prosperous society.
Rhenock has about 130 years' long history of education.
Rhenock School is among the oldest schools of Sikkim.
It was established by a Christian missionary in the year 1880 at Rhenock (Khamdong).
Later it was taken over by the government of Sikkim and moved to Kingstone.