the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Pope Celestine III  (; 1106 – 8 January 1198), born Giacinto Bobone, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 176th Pope from 1191 until his death in 1198.
Pope Celestine was involved in Italian and European political disputes.
He crowned the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI.
He excommunicated Duke Leopold of Austria and King Alonso IX of Leon.
Doran, John and Damian J. Smith. (
Pope Celestine III (1191-1198): Diplomat and Pastor.
Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. ;
OCLC 421373762
1106 births
1198 deaths
Jacques Lacan (Paris, 13 April 1901 – Paris, 9 September 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist.
He added new ideas to psychoanalysis and philosophy.
Some of these ideas are the mirror stage, the three orders of subjectivity (the Imaginary, the Symbolic, and the Real), the object little a and jouissance.
He talked every year at seminars from 1953 to 1981.
In the 1960s and 1970s, he influenced many French intellectuals.
He also talked about going back to the ideas of Sigmund Freud.
He called himself a Freudian (follower of Freud).
Primo Levi (31 July 1919 – 11 April 1987) was an Italian Jewish chemist and writer.
He was the author of two novels and many short stories, poems and essays.
His best-known book is If This Is a Man, a true story about his time as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.
Levi was an atheist and born in Turin.
Partial bibliography
Se questo è un uomo (If This Is a Man, 1947 and 1958)
La tregua (The Truce, 1963)
Il sistema periodico (The Periodic Table, 1975)
La chiave a stella (The Wrench, 1978)
La ricerca delle radici (The Search for Roots: A Personal Anthology, 1981)
Se non ora, quando? (
If Not Now, When?,
L'altrui mestiere (Other People's Trades, 1985)
I sommersi e i salvati (The Drowned and the Saved, 1986)
Chemists‏
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder involving panic attacks.
In addition, big changes in behavior might happen in at least one month, and the person might keep worrying about having other attacks.
Panic disorder is a serious condition that can happen at any age.
It can be treated with psychotherapy and antidepressants.
Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder.
It is excessive and irrational worry of everyday things.
This worry tends to interfere with normal daily functioning.
People who have GAD anticipate disasters and they are always concerned about health matters, money, death, their own futures or family trouble.
Physical issues may include trembling, numbness, muscle tension, sweating or hot flashes for at least six months.
GAD affects 6.8 million adults, or 3.1% of the U.S. population, in any given year.
Women are twice as likely to be affected.
The disorder comes on gradually.
It can begin at any time.
The risk is highest between childhood and middle age.
The exact cause of GAD is unknown.
Biological factors, family background, and stressful life experiences play a role.
Every year in Australia, about 14% of the population (1 in 7) have an anxiety condition.
It is estimated that just under three per cent have GAD.
Nearly six per cent of the population have GAD in their lifetime.
Benzodiazepines are one of the medications used to treat this disorder.
There is a risk for misuse and addiction.
Some types of benzodiazepines are quick-acting and may be used to manage symptoms, but can also lead to abuse or self-medication.
As with many mental health conditions, the cause of generalized anxiety disorder likely arises from many causes.
Differences in brain chemistry and function
Differences in the way threats are perceived
Development and personality
Genuinely stressful life situations
Home remedies
A healthy diet
Avoiding caffeine
Avoiding alcohol and other drugs
Biofeedback
Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing
SVG Reichenau is a sportsclub from Reichenau, a suburb of Innsbruck, Tyrol.
The football club is playing in the 4th Austrian league, the UPC Tirol Liga.
Other departments are  Taekwondo and different sparetime sports like cycling and skiing.
The colours are red, white and black.
The football team started in 1976 in the lowest class of Tyrol.
After three championsships from 1983 till 1985 they were promoted into the higher classes.
1995 they reached the highest class in Tyrol, the Tiroler Liga.
1998 they were promoted to the Regionalliga West, the third division in Austrian football.
From 2002/03 till the season 2005/06 they played together with SV Aldrans.
During this period they had the greatest success in the league.
They reached the 3rd place in the 2004/05 season.
From 2006/07 till 2009/10 they formed a team together with Union Innsbruck.
The first team played in the Regionalliga West, the second team in Tyrols highest class.
2010 the union was dissolved.
Today  SVG Reichenau is playing in the UPC Tirol Liga, the highest class of Tyrolian football.
From 1976 on the football team played on the ground of  SV Hall, in 1979 they got their first own ground, the ground was updated in 2010.
From 2006 to 2008 Robert Wazinger, who played five matches for the Austrian football national team, played for Reichenau
Hörtnagl Matthias
Lindemayr Maurice
Einwaller Ambros
Einkemmer Daniel
Mader Alexander
Oberortner Hannes
Saurer Fabian
Stastny Andreas
Waldy Michael
Duran Nail
Lebeda Patrick
Marasek Daniel
Önder Nazli
Steinkellner Patrick
Thom Ricardo
Happ Michael
Lanziner Mario
Lechner Florian
Radi Kevin
The Italian Social Republic ( or RSI) was a provisional government sponsored by and allied with Nazi Germany.
It was led by Benito Mussolini and his Republican Fascist Party.
In name, it controlled northern Italy but, in fact, the land was under German military control.
The country had another informal name, Salò Republic (), after where their headquarters was located.
Before 25 November 1943, the official name of the country was widely called Republican State of Italy and Republican National State ().
It was the second and last Fascist Italian state.
1943 in Italy
1945 in Italy
The Tanggu Truce, sometimes called the Tangku Truce (; ; ; ) was a ceasefire signed between China and Empire of Japan in Tanggu District, Tianjin on May 31, 1933, formally ending the Japanese invasion of Manchuria which had begun two years earlier.
After the Mukden Incident of September 18, 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army invaded Manchuria, and by February 1932 had captured the entire region.
The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, who was living in exile in Tianjin was invited by the Japanese to accept the throne of the new Empire of Manchukuo, which was controlled by the Japanese army.
In January 1933, to guard Manchukuo’s southern borders, a joint Japanese and Manchukuo force invaded Rehe, and after conquering that province by March, drove the remaining Chinese armies in the northeast outside the Great Wall into Hebei Province.
The Western powers blamed Japan's actions but did little else.
When the League of Nations demanded that Japan stop fighting, the Japan withdrew from the League on March 27, 1933.
On May 22, 1933, Chinese and Japanese representatives met to talk the end of the fight.
The Japanese demands were serious: a demilitarized zone covering one hundred kilometers south of the Great Wall, from Beijing to Tianjin was to be set up, with the Great Wall itself under Japanese control.
No regular Kuomintang military units were to be allowed in the zone, although the Japanese were allowed to use scout aircraft or ground patrols to check that the agreement was maintained.
Public order within the zone was to be maintained by a police unit Demilitarized Zone Peace Preservation Corps.
Furthermore, they forced China to recognise Manchukuo as a legitimate government.
Two secret clauses left out any of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies from this Peace Preservation Corps and provided for any problems that could not be fixed by the Peace Preservation Corps to be arranged by agreement between the Japanese and Chinese governments.
Having lost every major battles and much territory, and with the Chinese government under Chiang Kai-shek more concerned with fighting the Chinese Communist Party than the Japanese, the Chinese government agreed to all demands.
Furthermore, the new demilitarized zone was mostly within the remaining territory of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Xueliang.
The Tanggu Truce resulted in the de facto recognition of Manchukuo by the Kuomingtang government, and acceptance of the loss of Rehe.
It brought a short end to the combat between China and Japan and for a brief period, relations between the two countries improved.
On May 17, 1935, the Japanese legation in China was improved to the status of embassy, and on June 10, 1935, the He-Umezu Agreement was concluded.
The Tanggu Truce gave Chiang kai Shek time to merge his forces and to focus his efforts against the Chinese Communist Party, though at the cost of northern China.
However, Chinese public opinion was opposing to truce so favorable to Japan and so shameful to China.
Although the Truce set up a demilitarized buffer zone, Japanese territorial desires towards China remained, and the Truce proved to be only a short break until fightings broke out again with the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937.
On September 18, 1931, a small amount of dynamite was blown up by a Japanese soldier near Japan's South Manchuria Railway near Mukden.
Although the explosion was so weak that the rail was still usable, the Japanese army, blaming the action on the Chinese people, fully invaded Manchuria, leading to its occupation.
Japan set up its puppet state of Manchukuo six months later.
Soon the world knew the event, leading Japan to diplomatic isolation and its withdrawal from the League of Nations.
Oleksiy Volodymyrovych "Alexei" Ponikarovsky (born 9 April 1980 in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a professional Ukrainian-Canadian ice hockey left winger that currently plays for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He was drafted by the Toronto Maple Leafs with the 87th overall pick in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft.
He also played in the NHL for the Toronto Maple Leafs for 9 seasons, the Pittsburgh Penguins for 1 season, the Los Angeles Kings for 1 season, the Carolina Hurricanes for 1 season, the New Jersey Devils for 1 season and the Winnipeg Jets for 1 season.
He was traded back to the Devils on February 13, 2013 in exchange for a 4th round pick and a 7th round pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.
He is nicknamed "The Poni Express", "The Ukraine Train" and "Poni".
He currently lives in Toronto with his wife Inna, daughter Jessica, and sons Alex and Maxim.
He also became a Canadian citizen on June 7, 2007.
In 2010 he was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins.
In the summer of 2010, as a free agent, he signed a contract with the Los Angeles Kings for a period of 1 year.
Due to the NHL lockout in 2012, he signed a contract with the newcomer of the KHL, the Donbass club.
After the end of the lockout he returned to the Winnipeg Jets, but after 12 games on 14 February 2013 he returned to the New Jersey Devils.
Hoobastank is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California.
Hoobastank has four members; the current band members are Doug Robb, Dan Estrin, Chris Hesse and Jesse Charland.
Doug Robb – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1995–present)
Dan Estrin – lead guitar (1995–present)
Chris Hesse – drums (1995–present)
Jesse Charland – bass (2009–present)
Jeremy Wasser – saxophone (1995–2000)
Derek Kwan – saxophone (1997–1999)
Markku Lappalainen – bass (1995–2005)
Josh Moreau – bass (2006–2008)
David Amezcua – bass (2008)
Hoobastank (2001)
The Reason (2003)
Every Man for Himself (2006)
For(N)ever (2009)
A sensory receptor, or sense organ, is the part which responds to a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism.
It is the input to the sensory system.
In response to stimuli the sensory receptor fires off a nerve fibre which goes to the central nervous system.
In order to detect changes in the environment organisms need receptors.
Organisms have various receptors, ranging from simple light or touch sensitive cells to complex nervous systems.
Mechanoreceptor: Respond to mechanical stress or strain such as those found in the hair cells of the cochlea.
Thermoreceptor: Respond to temperature, either heat, cold or both.
The skin of most animals contains these receptors.
Photoreceptor: Respond to changes in light.
Examples include those found in the retina.
Chemoreceptor: Detect certain chemical stimuli in the environment, such as those found in the nose and on the tongue.
Magnetoreceptor: Allows an organism to sense direction, altitude or location by detecting a magnetic field.
The parietal lobe is a part of the brain positioned above  the occipital lobe and behind the frontal lobe.
The parietal lobe brings together information from different senses, particularly spatial sense and navigation.
For example, it uses input about touch, balance and the visual system.
This enables the parietal cortex to map seen objects in relation to the body (into 'body coordinate positions').
This makes it possible for a person to reach out and handle objects.
The name derives from the overlying parietal bone, which is named from the Latin pariet-, = 'wall'.
The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of humans and other mammals, at the front of each cerebral hemisphere.
It is in front of the parietal lobe and above and in front of the temporal lobes.
The frontal lobes takes action based on sensory information (sight, sound, touch) from the three rear areas of the cerebrum.
The action is moderated by the influence of the pre-frontal cortex.
The system is a delicate balance between the need to satisfy urges from the most ancient parts of the brain, such as hunger, self-defence and sex, with the need to act in a way which is socially acceptable.
The precentral gyrus, forming the back of the frontal lobe, contains the primary motor cortex.
This controls voluntary movements of specific body parts.
For many years, many scientists thought that the frontal lobe was comparatively larger in humans than in other primates.
They thought that this was an important feature of human evolution and was the main reason why human cognition is different from that of the other primates.
However, this view has been challenged by later research.
Magnetic resonance imaging was used to find the volume of the frontal cortex in humans, all living ape species and several monkey species.
The human frontal cortex is not relatively larger than the cortex in the other great apes, but it is relatively larger than the frontal cortex in the lesser apes and the monkeys.
The temporal lobe is involved in auditory perception and is home to the primary auditory cortex.
It is also important for the processing of semantics (meaning) in both speech and vision.
The temporal lobe contains the hippocampus and plays a key role in the formation of long-term memory.
An area in the Sylvian fissure is the first place where auditory signals from the cochlea reach the cerebral cortex.
This part of the cortex (primary auditory cortex) is involved in hearing.
Other areas of the temporal lobes are involved in high-level auditory processing.
In humans this includes speech, for which the left temporal lobe in particular seems to be specialized.
Wernicke's area, which spans the region between temporal and parietal lobes, plays a key role (with Broca's area, which is in the frontal lobe).
The functions of the left temporal lobe extends to comprehension, naming, verbal memory and other language functions.
The underside of the temporal lobes do high-level visual processing of faces and scenes.
Front parts of this area are involved in object perception and recognition.
ru:Кора больших полушарий#Височная доля
"The Little Drummer Boy" is a very popular Christmas carol.
It was recorded in 1955 by the Trapp Family Singers.
It was made more popular three years later by the Harry Simeone Chorale.
This song has been covered by others, including Johnny Mathis, Johnny Cash, Bing Crosby and Rosemary Clooney throughout the years.
Creatio ex nihilo is an idea found in certain faiths.
It means that a creator god created the world, "from nothing", without any conditions.
It is the opposite of creatio ex materia.
The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear.
It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, making 2.5 turns around its axis.
The name is from the Greek κοχλίας kokhlias ("snail, screw"), from κόχλος kokhlos ("spiral shell").
This is in reference to its coiled shape: the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions.
nl:Oor#Binnenoor
Limit is an inverted roller coaster at Heide-Park Soltau, Germany.
It is a standard Suspended Looping Coaster built by Dutch roller coaster builder Vekoma and opened in 1999.
Limit has 5 inversions, has a length of 689 meter, a maximum speed of 80 kilometers per hour.
One round takes 1 minute and 36 seconds.
Limit has 2 trains with each 10 cars.
1 car can hold 2 riders, which gives a total of 20 riders per train.
The maximum capacity is 1040 riders per hour.
Survivor Series (2011) is the 12th Pay-Per-View (PPV) of 2011.
It is also the 25th edition of Survivor Series.
This PPV will take place on November 20, 2011 at the Madison Square Garden in New York City, it is the third time that the Madison Square Garden hosts this Pay-Per-View after the 1996 and 2002 edition of Survivor Series.
So far, four matches have been announced by the WWE for the event.
Survivor Series will feature professional wrestling matches involving different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds, plots, and storylines that develop on WWE's television programs.
Wrestlers portray villains or heroes as they follow a series of events that build tension and culminate into a wrestling match or series of matches.
Super Size Me is a 2003 American documentary movie directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock.
It is about an experiment where Spurlock ate nothing but food from McDonald's for thirty days.
He ate at McDonald's three times a day, eating an average of 5,000 kcal per day.
This experiment lasted from February 1 to March 2, 2003.
This experiment was bad for his own physical and psychological health.
During the experiment, Spurlock gained 24½ lbs.,
had a 13% body mass increase, his cholesterol level went to 230, and he had mood swings, sexual dysfunction, and had fat accumulation in his liver.
After the experiment, he recovered with a vegan diet his then-future wife prepared for him (she is a gourmet vegan cook).
Brussels Airport (IATA BRU) is the national airport of Belgium.
It is the biggest airport in Belgium.
It has more than 17 billion travelers each year.
It is 18 km from Brussels, the capital of Belgium.
The airport has two terminals. (
A terminal is a building where passengers wait to get on planes.)
One terminal is used for flights to the Schengen Area.
The second terminal is used for flights to countries out of the Schengen Area.
Raymond Albert Kroc (October 5, 1902 – January 14, 1984) was an American entrepreneur.
He was best known for turning the McDonald's restaurant chain into a franchise company.
Kroc's life while franchising McDonald's was made into a movie called The Founder with Michael Keaton playing Kroc.
Other flow properties may also be affected.
Most commonly viscosity of such fluids is not independent of the shear rate or the shear rate history.
Examples of such fluids are blood, quicksand and certain components of cement.
Many lubricants, ketchup, and oobleck.
Also certain forms of dough and pudding also have this property.
The other kind of fluids that do not show this behavior is called Newtonian fluids.
It is very simple to make a non-Newtonian fluid at home.
All one needs is water and cornstarch.
Mix these two ingredients together at a rate of one part cornstarch and one and a half parts water.
That makes a non-Newtonian fluid called oobleck.
A Newtonian fluid is a fluid, where the ratio between shear stress changes linearly in proportion to the stress it is exposed to.
This proportion is known as viscosity.
Note that the inverse is not true; there are fluids with constant viscosity, that are Non-Newtonian fluids: one example is the Boger fluid.
Airblue Limited (styled as airblue) is a private airline.
Its head office is in Islamabad, Pakistan.
It is Pakistan's second largest airline (after Pakistan International Airlines).
It has over 20% of Pakistan's market.
Airblue operates scheduled flights operating 30 daily services, linking four domestic destinations and international services to Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Muscat and Manchester.
It carried 1.4 million passengers on domestic flights in the 2006–2007 season.
Its main hub is Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan.
The airline started its operations on June 2004.
It had 3 leased Airbus A320-200 airplanes serving three daily domestic flights.
In 2007, the company started flights to Manchester via a fuel stop at Trabzon in Turkey.
This route is the longest route operated by an A320 family airplanes in the world.
It is also the longest scheduled route operated by an Airbus narrow-body airplanes.
Airblue- official company website
The Schengen Area is an area that includes 26 European countries.
All of those countries have signed the Schengen Agreement in Schengen, Luxembourg in 1985.
The Schengen area removes passport control between its member countries.
This means travelers who go from one Schengen country to another do not clear immigration checks anymore.
Passengers go through immigration checks if they enter or exit the Schengen Area.
The current members of the Schengen Area are Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
Because Switzerland is not part of the European Economic Area, customs control in Switzerland still exists.
At this moment, 400 million people live in the area.
The territory covers 4,312,099 square kilometres.
On 14 June 1985 the Schengen Agreement was signed.
This happened on the boat Princess Marie-Astrid in the middle of the river Moselle.
On that place, the borders of France, Germany and Luxembourg meet.
Five countries signed the Agreement: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany.
It was signed, but that didn't mean it was already implemented.
In 26 March 1995, all European Union members (except the United Kingdom and Ireland) signed the Agreement.
Norway and Iceland also signed the Agreement.
On 1 May 2004, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the EU.
They signed the Schengen agreement on that same day.
They implemented the Schengen Agreement on 21 December 2007.
Switzerland joined the Schengen Area on 12 December 2008.
Liechtenstein joined it on 19 December 2011.
Twenty-six countries belong to the Schengen Area.
All these countries are members of the European Union, except Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
a.  EFTA states outside the EU that are associated with the Schengen activities of the EU, and where the Schengen rules apply.
b.  For overland borders and seaports; since 30 March 2008 also for airports.
c.  East Germany became part of the Federal Republic of Germany, joining Schengen, on 3 October 1990.
Before this it remained outside the agreement.
Despite some media reports, Heligoland is not outside Schengen; it is only outside the European Union Value Added Tax Area.
d.  Greenland and the Faroe Islands are not included in the Schengen area, although there might be relaxed checks in the Faroe Islands for flights from Scandinavia, thanks to the Nordic Passport Union, although a passport is still recommended.
A Schengen visa issued by a Schengen state will not allow the holder access to either territories, only a Danish visa stamped with either "Valid for the Faroe Islands" or "Valid for Greenland", or both.
e.  However, Jan Mayen is part of the Schengen Area.
f.  The full Schengen acquis applies to all Spanish territories, but there are border checks on departure from Ceuta and Melilla to Spain or other Schengen countries, because of specific arrangements for visa exemptions for Moroccan nationals resident in the provinces of Tetuan and Nador.
Schengen Visa
Some nationalities need visas to visit the Schengen Area.
They only need one Schengen visa for all countries.
But they must apply at the embassy of their main destination.
The main destination is where a traveller wants to spend the longest time.
The visa officer can issue a visa for only one trip or many trips.
The officer also decides how long the visa is valid for.
The traveller needs to exit before the Schengen visa expires.
A superstition is a belief that has no logical explanation or scientific evidence.
There are many superstitions believed in around the world.
Many people believe superstitions to be complete nonsense while others live their lives according to superstitions such as avoiding black cats, looking for four leaf clovers and avoiding mirrors.
Apotropaism, a ritual to turn away evil
Amulet, a charm against bad luck
Lorenzo Jerald Patterson (born June 16, 1969) is an American rapper.
He is best known by his stage name MC Ren.
MC Ren was a member of the gangsta rap group N.W.A.
Rapping career
He joined N.W.A after completing his senior year of high school.
He was with N.W.A on all their studio and EP releases.
Problems over money caused N.W.A to end.
MC Ren and all the other members of N.W.A went solo.
Using Eazy E's record label, Ruthless Records, Ren released his first album Shock of Tha Hour in 1993.
Shock Of Tha Hour (1993)
The Villain In Black (1996)
Ruthless For Life (1998)
Reincarnated (2009)
Captain and Tennille were an United States pop music group.
The group was a husband and wife duo.
The members were Daryl "Captain" Dragon and Toni Tennille.
They are based out of California.
The duo is best known for the song "Love will Keep Us Together".
They have many other notable hit records.
Love Will Keep Us Together (1975)
Song of Joy (1976)
Come In from the Rain (1977)
Dream (1978)
Make Your Move (1979)
Keeping Our Love Warm (1980)
More Than Dancing (1982)
The Secret of Christmas (2007)
Hurricane Ernesto was a very damaging hurricane during the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season.
The storm moved across Haiti and Dominican Republic as a minor hurricane.
Then, the storm moved over Florida while a tropical storm.
It later struck North Carolina, when the storm was almost a hurricane.
It killed eleven people.
The total damage from Ernesto was $500 million (2006 USD).
Undergraduate education is a level of education wherein a student completes their first degree.
The first degree of an undergraduate degree is normally named a bachelor's degree.
Therefore, for many subjects in many systems of education, undergraduate education is between secondary education and a bachelor's degree.
This education usually takes place in a university.
In the United States, a person starting at a university is known as undergraduate while students who have higher degrees are known as graduate students.
In some other educational systems and subjects, undergraduate education is between secondary education and a master's degree, for example in some science and engineering courses in Britain and some medicine courses in Europe.
Differences in different places
In Brazil, it normally takes four or five years to complete an "undergraduate" degree.
Students need to choose their main subjects before they join the university by taking a test named a "vestibular".
Undergraduate degrees are not like in the United States where students have general studies during the first years and only specialize in a "major" during the last years of college.
European students enroll in a specific course of studies they want to do from the start.
They are expected to have received a good general education already in the secondary level in a school (like a gymnasium or lycée).
In many countries they go to university at 18 or 17.
The degree normally takes four or five years.
After completing the first degree students can move on to doctoral studies.
In many countries, the English distinction between a bachelor's and master's degree is only now being introduced by the Bologna process.
This means that the old first degree would be approximately equal to a master's degree in the US or the UK.
In the United Kingdom, undergraduate normally means students studying to get a Bachelor's degree.
It is also called an award.
Getting a bachelor's degree normally takes three years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
In Scotland, it takes four years to obtain what is known as an "ordinary" degree, and five years to obtain a Scottish master's degree.
Some undergraduates in England do a master's degree as their first degree in a similar manner to Scotland.
The first three years are spent attaining a bachelor's degree and the last year includes research and more difficult subjects.
In England, this is more common for degrees in science and engineering.
The only universities where it is possible to receive a master's degree without even attending the university beyond the award of the bachelor's degree are Oxford and Cambridge.
Master's are generally awarded to Oxford and Cambridge graduates a year after they have graduated with bachelor's degrees.
In Ireland, undergraduate study is like in the United Kingdom.
It is like this because undergraduate education was first taught the same in both countries.
In Ireland, the undergraduate degree is closest to the Scottish type in the United Kingdom.
They are four year undergraduate programmes.
In India, it takes 3 years to complete the undergraduate course (other than engineering, law and medicine).
There are two types of undergraduate courses.
Arts and Science is the first one which takes 3 years to complete the courses.
Another one is Engineering, this will take 4 years to complete the courses (B.E/B.TECH).
In the United States most undergraduate education is done at colleges or universities.
Undergraduate education gives a bachelor's degree.
This usually takes four years of study, although some courses take five years.
Students in the first year are named freshmen.
In many women's colleges students in the first year are not named "freshmen".
They are named "first-years".
This is to be more gender-neutral.
Students in the second year are named sophomores.
Students in the third year are named juniors.
Students in the fourth year are named seniors.
Most universities also offer graduate study.
Some institutions (e.g. liberal-arts colleges) only give undergraduate education or only give a small number another level of education.
Getting an undergraduate degrees normally needs many courses to be completed.
The courses have different subjects and different levels of difficulty.
The academic discipline of the most number of subjects taken is called a "major" or concentration.
Unlike in the British model, degrees in law and medicine are not offered at the undergraduate level and are completed as graduate study after earning a bachelor's degree.
Neither field specifies or prefers any undergraduate major, though medicine has set prerequisite courses that must be taken before enrollment.
However, nursing is taught as an undergraduate program.
Burl Icle Ivanhoe Ives (June 14, 1909 - April 14, 1995) was an American actor and folk singer.
He was born in Hunt City, Illinois.
He acted on stage and in many movies.
He was a folk music singer.
He died from mouth cancer in Anacortes, Washington.
The UPC Tirol Liga (also called Tiroler Landesliga or Tiroler Liga) is the highest class in Tyrolian football; it is the 4th division in Austrian man football league system.
The champion is qualified for the Regionalliga West, the last to teams are relegated in the Landesliga West or Ost.
The league is named after the main sponsor, an Austrian telecommunication provider.
2010/11 season
Champion SV Hall
Relegation:SK Jenbach; SK Hippach
Scorers:
Wolfgang Spanring SC Kundl 30 goals
Marco Hesina SV Hall 23 goals
Stefan Klausner  SV Matrei 21 goals
some Non-Newtonian fluids show a change in viscosity; the longer the fluid undergoes shear stress, the lower its viscosity.
A thixotropic fluid is a fluid which takes a finite time to attain equilibrium viscosity when introduced to a step change in shear rate.
Many gels and colloids are thixotropic materials, exhibiting a stable form at rest but becoming fluid when agitated.
Some fluids are anti-thixotropic: constant shear stress for a time causes an increase in viscosity or even solidification.
Constant shear stress can be applied by shaking or mixing.
They are much less common.
Natural examples
It is a common experience walking on sand that in places it liquifies as one walks on it.
This is a thixotropic response to pressure.
In extremes, a quicksand may be danger to man and animals.
Some clays are thixotropic, and their behaviour is of great importance in structural and geotechnical engineering.
Landslides, such as those common in the cliffs around Lyme Regis, Dorset and in the Aberfan disaster in Wales are evidence of this.
Similarly, a lahar is a mass of earth liquefied by a volcanic event, which rapidly solidifies once coming to rest.
Drilling muds used in geotechnical applications can be thixotropic.
Honey from honey bees may also exhibit this property under certain conditions.(Heather honey).
Some clay deposits found in the process of exploring caves exhibit thixotropism: an initially solid-seeming mudbank will turn soupy and yield up moisture when dug into or otherwise disturbed.
These clays were deposited in the past by low-velocity streams which tend to deposit fine-grained sediment.
These properties are often used in commercial products which are applied to surfaces, such as paint or toothpaste.
With paint, the fluidity vanishes quickly and the surface sets permanently as water (or oil) evaporates.
Super Mario 3D Land is a 2011 game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS.
It was released on November 3, 2011 in Japan, November 13, 2011 in America, November 18 in Europe, and November 24 in Australia.
In it, you can become Tanooki Mario, Boomerang Mario and you can also get the old power-ups (Super Mushroom, Fire Flower, Super Star).
A sequel, titled Super Mario 3D World, was released for the Wii U in November 2013.
The game got praise from many critics.
It was rated 9.5 out of 10 by IGN, and 94% by Official Nintendo Magazine, but GameSpot gave the game a lower score of 8/10.
Overall, the game received a 90/100 on Metacritic.
http://ie.faqs.ign.com/objects/099/099437.html
Super Mario 3D Land Review - IGN
Coke is a fuel used mainly in blast furnaces to reduce iron oxide to produce iron.
It contains carbon, and is similar to coal.
It is made from coal by cooking out things that are not carbon.
Coke is a product of destructive distillation of coal.
This is done in an airless furnace or oven (kiln) at temperatures as high as  but usually around .
This baking drives off volatile parts of the coal, such as water, gas, and tar.
Coke is an almost pure form of carbon.
The calorific value (heat energy produced when a fuel is burnt) of coke is about 56,000 kilojoules/kilogram.
Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.
The carbon monoxide produced by its combustion reduces iron oxide (hematite) to the iron product.
Although coke is more expensive than coal, it can be used in households as a clean fuel, relatively free of smoke and impurities.
At the present day its use in domestic heating has been less than oil or gas, but in the 20th century it was often used in kitchen stoves.
He was not a cardinal.
There were several Popes who were not Cardinals.
Some of these were Pope Urban IV and Pope Urban VI.
In 1367, the pope traveled from Avignon to Rome.
He returned to Avignon in where he died in 1370.
In 1870, Urban V  was beatified by Pope Pius IX.
Catholic Hierarchy,   Pope Urban V
GCatholic,  Pope Urban V
A squad automatic weapon (SAW, also known as section automatic weapon or light support weapon) is a weapon used to give infantry squads or sections automatic firepower that can easily be moved around.
Weapons used for this are selective fire rifles.
They usually have a bipod and a heavier barrel so that they can be used as light machine guns.
SAWs usually fire the same cartridge as the assault rifles or battle rifles used by other people in the squad/section.
This makes logistics easier because only one type of ammunition needs to be given to a unit.
SAWs are light enough to be used by one man.
However, heavy machine guns such as the Browning M2 are more powerful but need a crew to be as effective as they can be.
Many SAWs (such as the RPK and L86) are just assault rifles or battle rifles that have been changed.
They may be able to carry more ammunition and will almost always have a bipod.
In the case of some assault rifles, such as the H&K G36 or Steyr AUG, the SAW is simply the usual rifle with a few parts changed.
However, the Austrian Army, who uses the most Steyr AUGs, doesn't use the HBAR (heavy barrel) version of the assault rifle.
Instead, they use the MG 74, which is a gun which was made from the design of the German WW2-machine gun MG 42.
One of the first weapons designed for this role was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle.
Even though it could not carry many bullets in its magazine, it was still better than the usual infantry rifle.
HK 13E
INSAS LMG
FN FALO 50.41
HK 11E
M1941 Johnson machine gun
Model 45A
M1946 Sieg automatic rifle
In mathematics, the word sign refers to the property of being positive or negative.
Every real number that is non-zero is either positive or negative, and therefore has a sign.
Zero itself is without a sign, or signless.
In addition to putting signs into real numbers, the word sign is used throughout mathematics to indicate parts of mathematical objects that mean positivity and negativity.
Usually, if numbers are seen without a sign, they are seen as a positive number.
Otherwise, a minus sign "" is appended before the number to indicate that the number is a negative of another number.
Sign of a number
A real number is said to be positive if it is greater than zero, and negative if it is less than zero.
The attribute of being positive or negative is called the sign of the number.
Zero itself is not considered to have a sign.
In arithmetic, the sign of a number is often denoted by placing a plus or minus sign before the number.
For example, +3 would denote a positive 3, and −3 would denote a negative 3.
When no plus or minus sign is given, the main way of seeing it is that a number is positive.
The sign of any number that is not zero can be changed to positive using the absolute value function.
For example, the absolute value of −3 and the absolute value of 3 are both equal to 3.
In symbols, this would be written as |−3| = 3 and |3| = 3.
Sign of zero
The number zero is neither positive nor negative, and therefore has no sign.
In arithmetic, +0 and −0 both mean the same number 0.
Meanings of signs
A number is positive if it is greater than zero.
A number is negative if it is less than zero.
A number is non-negative if it is greater than or equal to zero.
A number is non-positive if it is less than or equal to zero.
Thus a non-negative number is either positive or zero, while a non-positive number is either negative or zero.
For example, the absolute value of a real number is always non-negative, but is not necessarily positive.
The same definition is sometimes used for functions that take real or integer values.
For example, a function would be called positive if all of its values are positive, or non-negative if all of its values are non-negative.
Sign of an angle
In many texts, it is common to see a sign together with the measure of an angle, particularly a located angle or an angle of rotation.
In such a situation, the sign says whether the angle is in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
Though different conventions can be used, it is common in mathematics to have counterclockwise angles count as positive, and clockwise angles count as negative.
It is also possible to put a sign to an angle of rotation in three dimensions, assuming the axis of rotation has been oriented.
Specifically, a right-handed turn around an axis usually counts as positive, while a left-handed rotation counts as negative.
Sign of a direction
In arithmetic and physics, it is common to label certain directions as positive or negative.
For a basic example, the number line is usually drawn with positive numbers to the right, and negative numbers to the left:
On the Cartesian plane, the rightward and upward directions are usually thought of as positive, with rightward being the positive x-direction, and upward being the positive y-direction.
In graph theory, a signed graph is a graph in which each edge has been marked with a positive or negative sign.
In physics, any electric charge comes with a sign, either positive or negative.
By general rules, a positive charge is a charge with the same sign as that of a proton, and a negative charge is a charge with the same sign as that of an electron.
A coordinate system is a system of numbers used to uniquely determine the position of a point.
For two-dimensional systems, the numbers (scalars) are in ordered pairs.
More dimensions call for more numbers.
Bonnie Bedelia Culkin, better known as Bonnie Bedelia (born March 25, 1948 in New York City), is an American actress.
She is best known for starring as Holly Gennero in the first two Die Hard movies.
She has acted in other movies as well.
She is the aunt of Home Alone actor Macaulay Culkin.
Impetigo is a very contagious bacterial skin infection.
It is most common in pre-school children.
People who play close-contact sports like rugby and American football are also at risk.
Impetigo is not very common in adults.
Impetigo can also be called school sores.
Protopunk is a term used to describe the precursors of punk rock.
Many of the artists whose sound helped pave the way for punk came from the 1960s and early 1970s.
Some have been cited by early punk musicians as influential.
These artists came from many different musical backgrounds.
Los Saicos
The Sonics
Richard Hell
Rocket from the Tombs
Doctors of Madness
Jennifer Jason Leigh (born February 5, 1962) is an American movie and stage actress.
She is best known for her roles in Fast Times at Ridgemont High, Single White Female, Last Exit to Brooklyn, Georgia, Kill Your Darlings, Short Cuts and The Hateful Eight.
She has had many roles in which she portrays vulnerable, abused and damaged women in her movies.
For the movie Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle, Leigh got a Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and a National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress.
Jennifer Jason Leigh.
Height Net Worth.
Retrieved Dic 3, 2020.
The locative (abbreviated LOC) is a grammatical case.
It indicates the location (place, place where) of something.
It corresponds roughly to the English prepositions ""in", "on", "at" and "by".
The locative case belongs to the general local cases together with the lative and separative case.
The Exxon Valdez oil spill was a shipping accident that happened off the coast of the United States on March 24, 1989.
An oil tanker, the Exxon Valdez, hit a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska.
At the time of the disaster, the ship carried 53,094,510 U.S. gallons (44,210,430 imp gal/200,984,600 L) of crude oil.
The accident caused a massive oil spill: 10.8 million U.S. gallons (9.0 million imp gal/41 million L) were spilled into the Prince William Sound.
It was one of the worst man-made environmental disasters in the history of the United States.
The ship had left the shipping lanes because of icebergs.
The ship never returned to the shipping lane and hit Bligh Reef at around 12:04 AM.
Later, people looked at the causes, and found that the people on board were badly trained and overworked.
What made things worse was the fact that the government was not prepared to handle a disaster with such large consequences for the environment.
This disaster badly damaged the ecosystems of the area.
An estimated 21,300 fish died after being poisoned by the crude oil.
The birds that ate the fish got sick.
20th century in Alaska
Transport disasters in the United States
One of these was Pope Urban V.
Western schism
A period called the "Western Schism" began on 20 September 20, 1378 when Robert of Geneva (also known as Clement VII) was chosen pope by 13 French cardinals.
Clement VII is now considered to have been an antipope.
Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Urban VI
GCatholic,  Pope Urban VI
1389 deaths
Webster was an American television sitcom which began in September 1983 and aired until March 1989 (the show aired to 1987 on ABC, and in syndication for the rest of its run).
It was about an orphaned African American boy by the name of Webster who had lost his parents and was then adopted by a white family.
The show Webster was set in Chicago.
Rocca Petru (28 September 1887 – 7 June 1966) was a poet and writer from Corsica, who wanted his island free from France.
At first, he supported the Corsica becoming a part of Italy, but then promoted the autonomy of Corsica after World War II.
Rocca, called Petru in Corsican, was a gifted writer since young age.
He contributed in Corsica to the magazine A Tramuntana.
During World War I, he wrote about the war and was decorated with the French Legion of Honor.
From May 1920, Rocca worked with the literary magazine A Muvra.
During the first half of the 20th century, this was the most important Corsican publication in Italian.
In 1922 he created the "Partitu Corsu d'Azione", following the model of the Italian Partito Sardo d'Azione of Sardinia that had autonomism ideals.
During the late 1930s Rocca, slowly changed his political opinions from wanting autonomy for Corsica to supporting the union of Corsica with Italy.
He supported the ideals of Petru Giovacchini, an irredentist leader who created the main pro-Italian political organization in Corsica: the "Gruppi d’Azione Irredentista Corsa".
In 1938, the French government punished him for his approach to the Italian Risorgimento ideals.
They took away his French Legion of Honor medal.
A Muvra started in 1939 to write articles against the Jews (responsible in Rocca's opinion for the French "occupation" of Corsica) and was quickly closed.
During World War II, Rocca supported Benito Mussolini's ideals about the union of Corsica to the Kingdom of Italy.
When Italian troops occupied the island in 1942, Rocca was proposed to be "Governor" of a Corsica united to Italy.
After the Italian defeat in September 1943, he was harassed by the French authorities.
As a consequence of this in 1946 he was sentenced to 15 years of jail and sent to French Guiana.
When released, he quickly recreated his original "Partito autonomista di Corsica".
In 1953, Rocca created an academy for the defense of the Corsican language.
He demanded from France the recognition of the Corsican people and language and the creation of the University of Corte.
Rocca was, until his death in 1966, a strong supporter of Corsican nationalism.
Les corses devant l'anthropologie, 1913
Pruverbii, massime è detti corsi, 1921
A pignatta, cumedia di Plautu, 1924
Storia populare di Corsica, 1930
Una Vittoria Autonomista.
L'Assemblea di i "Stati Generali di Corsica, 1934
Quaderni di u Cursismu, 1935
Parlà d'Aghjacciu, puesii, 1955
Tempi è tempi, 1963
Pope Urban VII (; 4 August 1521 – 27 September 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 229th Pope.
He ruled for thirteen days in September 1590, and died before his consecration, from malaria.
This makes him the shortest reigning Pope in the history of the Catholic Church.
Cardinal Castagna was elected pope on 15 September 1590.
He chose the name Urban, which in Latin signifies "kind".
Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope Urban VII
GCatholic,  Pope Urban VII
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Castagna
1521 births
Eden Sher is an actress who is on the television show, The Middle.
She began acting at the age of eight.
She was born on December 26, 1991 in Los Angeles, California.
He graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1950.
He worked on its college newspaper with Robert Novak and Gene Shalit.
He served as an intelligence officer in the United States Army during the Korean War.
Bruno received a Fulbright fellowship to study in India.
In 1959, Bruno covered the Cuban revolution from Havana.
He joined Newsweek magazine in 1960.
He joined ABC News in 1978.