the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
James became a star, and the Cavaliers reached the NBA Finals for the first time in 2007.
However, they lost to the San Antonio Spurs, 4 games to 0.
This was the only time that the Cavaliers reached the NBA Finals until 2015
James's contract ran out in 2010, and James decided not to sign another contract with the Cavaliers.
Instead, he would play for the Miami Heat where he lead the team to four straight Finals, winning two of them.
The Cavaliers were immediately a worse team.
At one point during the 2010-2011 season, they lost 26 games in a row.
This set a new NBA record for the most games lost in a row.
After the 2013–14 season, James' contract with the Heat ended, and he decided to return to the Cavaliers.
The team, which in the meantime had added rising star Kyrie Irving and would soon add another star in Kevin Love, once again became NBA title contenders.
Despite Irving and Love being out with injuries, LeBron lead the Cavaliers to a 2-1 lead, but lost the 2015 NBA Finals to the Golden State Warriors in six games, and won a rematch against the Warriors in the 2016 Finals after coming down 3-1 being the first team in the NBA Finals to do so.
The championship was the first ever for the Cavaliers, and the first for any major sports team in Cleveland in over 50 years.
However, the Cavaliers lost to the Warriors in 2017 and 2018 Finals.
James once again left the Cavaliers and joined the Los Angeles Lakers where he won his fourth championship in his second season with the team.
1970s establishments in Ohio
The Indiana Pacers are a team in the National Basketball Association in Indianapolis, Indiana.
They began playing in the American Basketball Association from 1967 to 1976.
The Pacers joined the NBA in 1976.
They play their home games at Gainbridge Fieldhouse.
Fans are a device used for cooling themselves down when they feel hot, especially:
A machine using an electric motor to rotate vanes in order to move air for cooling.
A tool whose shape is usually long triangle or semicircle is made of feathers, leaves, paper, cloth, etc.
people usually wave it lightly in a hand to create a cooling current of air.
Types of fans
Table Fans: small size, appropriate for personal space, cheap price, economical cooling
Pedestal Fans: height can be changed, provide powerful air
Window Fans: save space, bring in fresh air
Wall Mount Fans: save space, offer more air, suit for industrial environment
Floor Fans: offer more air, save space, suit for offices and warehouses
Tower Fans: small space, vertical shape, quiet
Ceiling Fans: on the ceiling, have a lot of styles to match room's decoration
Box Fans: flexible, suit for various need of rooms
Misting Fans: suit for outside areas
Industrial Fans and Blowers: made of durable metal or steel
Decorative Fans: has a lot of different styles
Bathroom Exhaust Fans: used in bathroom, prevent from excess moisture
Bladeless fans have no visible blades.
They are not actually bladeless, the blades are hidden in the base of the fan.
Origin of fans
The fans making history are at least 3000 years, and the earliest fans can date from 3000 BC according to the record.
Fans originated in China.
The first European folding fans were brought into Europe by businessman and religious orders from China, and they are considered as a status symbol in Europe then.
The Washington Wizards are a team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Washington, D.C. at the Verizon Center.
They were known as the Washington Bullets from 1974–1997 and were formed as the Chicago Packers in 1961.
Michael Jordan came out of his second retirement to play with the Washington Wizards from 2001–02 and was the Wizards' president of basketball operations from 2001 - 2003 until he was fired by Wizards' majority owner Abe Pollin.
The team won an NBA Championship in 1978 over the Seattle SuperSonics.
Wes Unseld was the Most Valuable Player of the NBA Finals.
The Orlando Magic are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association in Orlando, Florida.
They began playing in 1989.
They play their home games at the Amway Center.
They are the only team in the "big four" sports leagues to be based in Orlando.
Steve Clifford is the current owner of the team.
The Charlotte Hornets are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Charlotte, North Carolina.
They play their home games at the Spectrum Center.
Most of the team is owned by Michael Jordan, who was a star player for the Chicago Bulls in the 1980s and 1990s.
The team started playing in 2004 as the Charlotte Bobcats, and was the second NBA team to play in Charlotte (the New Orleans Pelicans had played in Charlotte as the Hornets from 1988 to 2002).
In 2010, the Bobcats made the playoffs for the first time.
After the New Orleans Hornets renamed themselves the Pelicans in 2013, they gave the "Hornets" name back to the NBA.
The Bobcats soon announced they would rename themselves the Hornets beginning with the 2014–15 NBA season, and the name change became official on May 20, 2014.
Records from the first Charlotte Hornets while in that city (1988 to 2002) belong to the current Hornets.
Records from the first Hornets' move to New Orleans in 2002 until that team's name change to Pelicans in 2013 belong to the Pelicans.
2004 establishments in North Carolina
The Denver Nuggets are a team in the National Basketball Association in Denver, Colorado.
They play their home games at Ball Arena, formerly known as Pepsi Center.
Carmelo Anthony, Allen Iverson, and Nenê also used to play for them.
Current stars include Nikola Jokić and Jamal Murray.
Sports in Denver, Colorado
The Memphis Grizzlies are a team in the National Basketball Association.
They play their home games at the FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee.
In 1995, the team began playing in the NBA.
The team was then in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and was called the Vancouver Grizzlies.
In 2001, the Grizzlies moved to Memphis because the previous owner Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment started losing money on the franchise due to low attendance and a weak Canadian dollar.
The Los Angeles Clippers are a team in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
They play their home games in the Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles, California.
The Los Angeles Lakers also play their home games in the Staples Center.
Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi is a public university in Corpus Christi, Texas, United States.
It has about 7,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1947.
Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi
20th-century establishments in Texas
Freedom of the press is a promise by a government not to punish journalists (and other people who report the news) for doing their job.
It is an idea like freedom of speech: it lets people express their opinions or beliefs.
Many countries have laws or constitutional amendments protecting freedom of the press.
The word "press" in the phrase comes from the printing press.
Like with freedom of speech, freedom of the press does not protect everything that a journalist writes.
A journalist can be sued for libel, which is publishing false and damaging claims about a person.
Publishing copyrighted material is not legal in many countries.
Writing about state secrets, like military plans, weapon designs, or other classified information is almost always illegal.
The Olympic Flame or Olympic Torch is a symbol of the Olympic Games.
A committee plans the route that it goes through, which ends at the city where the event is being hosted.
Sometimes people use the torch route to make a point.
During the 2008 Olympic torch relay to Beijing, people talked about and held signs that were against China's human rights record and signs that said Tibet was not a part of China.
IOC brochure on the history of Olympic Flame (1 MB PDF)
Olympic torch technology
Freedom of assembly and freedom of association, is the right  to join together with others peacefully to reach common goals and express common opinions, both in public and in private.
This usually includes business groups (or corporation), civic organizations, labor unions, political parties, and protest groups.
Freedom of assemble does not mean that any group can come together for any purpose.
Some governments prohibit militias, or groups of people outside the military that gather weapons and train soldiers, from demonstrating in public with their weapons to cause violence and a disturbance.
Many developed nations protect the freedom of assembly.
Many have passed laws or constitutional amendments ensuring that people will be able to freely assemble.
Canada - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which is Part I of the Constitution of Canada
France - article 431-1 of the Nouveau Code Pénal
Hong Kong - Basic Law Section 27
Article 27 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Republic of Ireland - Guaranteed by Article 40.6.1 of the Constitution of Ireland
Turkey - article 33 and 34 of the Constitution of Turkey guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
United States - First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
United Nations - Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 20 and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 21.
The Establishment Clause does not allow the government to support one religion more than any other religion.
The government also can not say that a religion or a god is true.
This is often described as "separation of church and state", where "state" means "The Government".
It also does not allow the government to establish a national religion.
It allows people to debate religion freely without the federal government of the United States getting involved.
The clause did not stop the various states from supporting a particular religion, and several states did.
Parliamentary procedure is a commonly accepted way in which a group of people work together to discuss and make decisions.
It is a set of rules for meetings.
In the 16th century, there were rules of order in the early British Parliaments.
In the 1560s, Sir Thomas Smith published a book about the procedures in the House of Commons in 1583.<ref name="britannica">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/444328/parliamentary-procedure "Parliamentary procedure" at Encyclopedia Britannica]; retrieved 2013-1-11.</ref>  Early rules included
One subject should be discussed at a time (adopted 1581)
Personal attacks are to be avoided in debate (1604)
Debate must be limited to the merits of the question (1610)
Division of a question when some seem to be for one part but not the other (1640)
Westminster procedures
The Westminster parliamentary procedures are followed in several Commonwealth countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa.
In Canada, for example, Parliament uses [House of Commons Procedure and Practice as its primary procedural authority.
American procedures
The rules of the United States Congress were developed from the parliamentary procedures used in Britain.
Variations of the American parliamentary procedures are followed in many nations, including Indonesia, the Phillipines, Mexico and South Korea.
In contrast, the procedures of the Diet of Japan have moved away from the British parliamentary model.
After the end of World War II, there were efforts to bring Japanese parliamentary procedures more in line with American congressional practices.
Robert's Rules
In the US, the most widely used set of rules is Robert's Rules of Order''.
"Parliamentary Procedure" (UK)
"Parliamentary Procedure" (Canada)
"Powers, practice and procedure" (Australia)
Mason's Manual at National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)
National Association of Parliamentarians (NAP)
A militia is a group of people not in the military who do many things that the military does.
This includes collecting weapons, training soldiers, defending people or land, policing an area.
Militias are often made up of veterans who were once in the military.
Some militias are organized by a government, like the United States National Guard.
This is a group of state militias who help with wars, natural disasters and other emergencies.
Others are not connected to a government, and may even be illegal.
One common definition of a militia includes all men who are able to serve as soldiers.
Pictures at an Exhibition is a piece of music for solo piano composed by Modest Mussorgsky in 1874.
It is Mussorgsky’s most famous solo piano work and often played by virtuosos to show how good they are.
Many years after Mussorgsky’s death, Maurice Ravel made an arrangement of the piece for orchestra.
This version, by a Russian composer and a French arranger, is how people usually hear the music today.
Pictures at an Exhibition is a musical description of an exhibition of pictures by the painter Viktor Hartmann.
Hartmann was only 39 when he died in 1873.
He and Mussorgsky had been good friends.
They both tried to give their works a very Russian character: Hartmann through his pictures and Mussorgsky through his music.
In 1874 an exhibition of Hartmann’s pictures was organised in the Academy of Fine Arts in St Petersburg.
Mussorgsky went to the exhibition and was inspired to compose his piano piece.
Pictures at an Exhibition describes someone walking round the exhibition and looking at the pictures.
The ten pictures he describes in music were drawings and watercolours.
Mussorgsky starts his piece with a tune which describes the person walking round the exhibition.
It is usually known as the “promenade” theme (a promenade is a walk).
At first Mussorgsky puts the promenade theme between each picture, but he does not do that all the way through the piece.
Some of the later pictures have bits of the promenade theme in the music.
Mussorgsky composed the piece very quickly.
It was not published until 1886, five years after the composer’s death.
The composer’s great friend Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov published it, but he made some changes to what Mussorgsky had written.
It was not until 1931 that an edition was published which tried to show exactly what Mussorgsky had written.
Gallery of Hartmann’s pictures
Description of the music
The  Promenade  theme describes a person walking round the exhibition.
It has lots of important-sounding chords.
Mussorgsky wrote it with a time signature of 11/4, although it is usually written nowadays in 5/4 and 6/4 time.
1 "Gnomus" : This describes a little gnome with crooked legs trying to run around.
Hartmann’s sketch may be a drawing of a toy nutcracker.
2 "The Old Castle" describes an old medieval castle.
A troubadour is singing a song in front of the castle.
It is a gentle, rather sad song.
In Ravel’s version for orchestra the tune is played on the alto saxophone.
3 "Tuileries"  describes children playing in a park called Tuileries which is in the centre of Paris.
It has a little tune which sounds like children singing a teasing song.
4 "Bydło" describes a  cart which is being pulled by oxen.
In Ravel’s orchestral version the tune is played by the tuba.
It sounds very low and heavy.
5 The Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks"  describes little canary chicks which are still in their eggs.
The picture was based on a ballet which had been produced in 1870.
6 "Samuel Goldenberg und Schmuÿle" describes two Jews.
One is rich and the other one is poor.
7 "The Market at Limoges" describes French women quarreling in the market.
Limoges is a city in central France.
8 "The Catacombs"  describes the dark Paris catacombs with loud and soft chords.
The promenade theme is heard in a ghostly form.
9 "The Hut on Fowl’s Legs"  is about a picture in which Hartmann draws a clock in the form of Baba-Yaga's hut on hen's legs
10 "The Great Gate of Kiev" ("The Bogatyr Gates")  was inspired by   Hartmann's drawing for a huge gate which was to be built to remember how the Tsar had escaped assassination on 4 April 1866.
The design won a prize, but the gate was never built.
Calvocoressi, M.D., Modest Mussorgsky: His Life and Works, London: Rockliff, 1956
Compositions by Modest Mussorgsky
Wine (software), a program that lets Windows programs to run under other operating systems
Wine (movie), a 1913 movie starring Fatty Arbuckle
Wine (color) or burgundy
Sherwin Wine (1928 - 2007), American rabbi
Toni Wine (born 1947), American songwriter
Wine (bishop), English bishop
Wine is a piece of software which lets Unix-like computer operating systems on the x86 and x86-64 architectures to execute programs written for Microsoft Windows.
Wine runs Windows programs without using emulation.
Wine also provides a software library known as Winelib which developers can compile Windows applications against to help port them to Unix-like systems.
Some Wine code is used in ReactOS, a free operating system that is Windows-compatible and is not based on Unix.
Wine newsgroup (Google web interface)
Jeremy White's Wine Answers - Slashdot interview with Jeremy White of CodeWeavers
Jeremy White interview on the "Mad Penguin" web-site
Appointment of the Software Freedom Law Center as legal counsel to represent the Wine project
Wine  on Freshmeat
Wine: Where it came from, how to use it, where it's going a work by Dan Kegel
Carbon-12 (also written 12C) is an isotope of carbon.
It is the most common isotope of carbon, as 98.89% of all carbon is this type of carbon.
It is one of two stable (non-radioactive) isotopes of carbon.
The other is carbon-13.
Carbon-12 is important in chemistry as it is the benchmark from which all other relative atomic masses are worked out.
Its relative atomic mass is exactly 12.
Art rock (also sometimes called progressive rock or classical rock) is a sub-genre of rock music that has "experimental influences".
It tries to make rock music into art instead of just entertainment.
It often uses longer songs than other genres of rock.
It uses different techniques such as elements (parts) of classical music.
It is not usually music to dance to, but music to just listen to.
It started in the 1960s.
Phil Spector (an American music producer) and Brian Wilson (the leader of The Beach Boys) are two early examples of musicians making art rock.
The genre was popular with British bands at the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s.
Relationship with progressive rock
Art rock is often the same as progressive rock, especially for bands in the 1970s.
Allmusic says that progressive rock and art rock are almost the same; both describe rock music that is more artistic.
The term "Progressive rock" became more popular to talk of the genre of rock music.
Art rock is often to describe bands that are harder to define.
Princeton University's Wordnet dictionary says that "progressive rock, art rock" are "a style of rock music that [came out] in the 1970s; associated with attempts to [mix] rock with jazz and other forms."
It also says that it is meant "for listening and not dancing".
Examples of art rock bands
The MIT License is a free software license that was created at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
It is a permissive license, meaning that it allows programmers to put the code in proprietary software on the condition that the license is given with that software, and GPL-compatible, meaning that the GPL permits programmers to combine and redistribute it with software that uses the MIT License.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
The MIT License template
The X Window System Trap by Richard Stallman
Blender is an American music magazine that self-identifies as "the ultimate guide to music and more."
It is also known for sometimes having pictures of female celebrities that shows them with a lot of their body uncovered.
It puts together lists of albums, artists, and songs, including both "best of" lists and "worst of" lists.
In each issue, there is a review of an artist's entire discography, with a review of each album.
The magazine teamed up with VH1 to create the "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs".
Blender is published by Dennis Publishing.
The magazine was started in 1994 as the first digital CD-ROM magazine by Jason Pearson, David Cherry & Regina Joseph, acquired by Felix Dennis/Dennis Publishing, UK.
It published 15 digital CD issues, and launched on the web in 1997.
It started publishing a print edition again in 1999 in the same form that it does today.
Blender CD-ROM showcased the earliest digital editorial (paper) formats, as well as the first forms of digital advertising.
The first digital advertisers included: Calvin Klein, Apple Computer, Toyota and Nike.
Official Blender website
Discography is the study and listing of sound recordings.
The word comes from the word "disc", which is the most commonly used term for describing the format used most for sound recordings in the 20th century, and the -graph suffix meaning something written.
A listing of all recordings of a musician or singer is usually called their "discography".
Discographies may also be created based on a particular musical genre or record label, for example, so that all artists in a genre, or that have contracts with a certain label, are listed together.
The term "discography" became popular in the 1930s by collectors of jazz records.
Jazz fans did research and self-published discographies about when jazz records were made and what musicians were on the records, as record companies did not commonly include that information on/with the records at that time.
Audio engineering
"Magnificent Obsession: The Discographers" article by Jerry Atkins
Euplocephalus (meaning "well-armored head") was a large armored dinosaur, measuring about 20 feet (6 m) long; it weighed about 2 tons.
Its wide head had a horny, toothless beak, small, peg-like cheek teeth, bony horns, and a small brain.
Among its contemporaries were the large meat-eating Tyrannosaurus and Deinonychus.
Fossils from more than 40 individuals have been discovered in Alberta, Canada and Montana in the United States, making Euoplocephalus the best known ankylosaurid.
This includes 15 skulls, teeth, and a few almost-complete skeletons, found with the armor still attached.
Individual armor plates are the most commonly found element from them.
Progressive metal (often called prog metal) is a sub-genre of heavy metal music that mixes the powerful, guitar-driven sound of metal with the complexity of progressive rock, which includes odd time signatures and complicated instrumental playing.
Some progressive metal bands are also influenced by jazz fusion and classical music.
Like progressive rock songs, progressive metal songs are usually much longer than other metal songs, and they are often themed in concept albums.
As a result, progressive metal is rarely heard on mainstream radio and video programs.
The origins of progressive metal started with progressive rock bands from the late 1960s and early to mid-1970s such as Yes, Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull, King Crimson, Genesis, Kansas and Rush.
However, progressive metal did not evolve into a genre of its own until the mid-1980s.
Bands such as Queensrÿche, Fates Warning and Dream Theater took certain aspects of progressive rock music and mixed them with heavy metal styles.
Mamenchisaurus was a long-necked, plant-eating sauropod dinosaur.
It had one of the longest necks of any known dinosaur.
Mamenchisaurus was first discovered in 1952 on the construction site of the Yitang Highway in Sichuan Province of China.
There are a number of species.
Its neck was about 46 feet (14 m).
It had 19 vertebrae in its neck, more than any other known dinosaur.
Mamenchisaurus was about 70 to 80 feet (21 to 25 m) long and weighed roughly 12 tons (11 tonnes).
Its hind legs were longer than the front legs; these hind legs were similar to the legs of Diplodocus.
Its skull however, was box-shaped, unlike Diplodocus' elongated snout.
Knoxville is the third-largest city in the state of Tennessee, in the United States of America.
The largest city in the state is Memphis, followed by Nashville, the capital of Tennessee.
Knoxville is the county seat of Knox County.
In 2010, it had a population of 178,874.
Knoxville was founded in 1786 and is the second oldest of Tennessee's four major cities, after Nashville which was founded in 1779.
After Tennessee's admission into the Union in 1796, Knoxville was the state's first capital.
In 1819, the capital was moved to Murfreesboro, prior to Nashville becoming the current capital.
The city was named in honor of the first Secretary of War, Henry Knox.
Knoxville's economy is largely fueled by the regional location of the main campus of the University of Tennessee, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and other Department of Energy facilities in nearby Oak Ridge, the National Transportation Research Center, and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Modern Knoxville
Knoxville's textile and manufacturing industries were hurt by foreign competition in the 1950s and 1960s.
After the building of the Interstate Highway system in the 1960s, the railroad—which had been largely responsible for Knoxville's industrial growth—began to decline.
Suburban shopping malls in the 1970s took retail revenues away from Knoxville's Downtown area.
So, the city sought to recover the massive loss of revenue by trying to annex neighboring communities in Knox County.
People fought these annexation attempts.
Several efforts to combine all of the Knoxville and Knox County governments failed.
But the city and county school boards merged on 1 July 1987.
Knoxville tried to improve its downtown.
The 1982 World's Fair—the most successful of these projects—became one of the most popular world's fairs in U.S. history with 11 million visitors.
The fair's energy theme was selected due to Knoxville being the headquarters of the Tennessee Valley Authority and for the city's proximity to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
The Sunsphere, a  steel truss structure topped with a gold-colored glass sphere, was built for the fair and remains one of Knoxville's most prominent buildings, along with the adjacent amphitheater which underwent a renovation that was completed in 2008.
Ever since, Knoxville's downtown has been developing, with the opening of the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame and the Knoxville Convention Center, redevelopment of Market Square, a new visitors center, a regional history museum, a Regal Cinemas theater, several restaurants and bars, and many new and redeveloped condominiums.
Since 2000 Knoxville has successfully brought business back to the downtown area.
The arts in particular have begun to flourish, there are multiple venues for outdoor concerts.
The Tennessee and Bijou Theaters were renovated.
Chelm, Poland
Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Sister Cities International officially recognizes Taiwan as a division of China)
Larissa, Greece
Muroran, Japan
Neuquen, Argentina
Yesan County, South Korea
City of Knoxville (official web site)
Knoxville Tourism and Sports Corporation
Knoxville, Tennessee Local Guide and Search
The Knoxville News Sentinel
The South Knox•Seymour Times
Knoxville Voice (independent alternative bi-weekly)
Metropulse (alternative weekly)
KnoxViews
City View Magazine
Knoxville Magazine
"About Knoxville"
Così fan tutte, ossia La scuola degli amanti (Women are like that, or The school for lovers) is an opera buffa with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and an Italina libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte.
Così premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 26 January 1790.
Legend says the opera was based on a real-life incident that occurred in Vienna.
In the 19th century, the opera was considered somewhat naughty, and was rarely performed.
Modern critics however believe that the music is some of Mozart's finest, and the opera is now frequently performed around the world.
Fiordiligi (soprano), Dorabella's sister and Guglielmo's lover
Dorabella (soprano), Fiordiligi's sister and Ferrando's lover
Despina (soprano), maid to Fiordiligi and Dorabella
Ferrando (tenor), a soldier and Dorabella's lover
Guglielmo (bass), a soldier and Fiordiligi's lover
Don Alfonso (bass), a cynical bachelor
The opera is set in Naples in the 18th century.
Don Alfonso wagers two young soldiers that their sweethearts will prove unfaithful if given the chance.
The men accept the bet.
They tell their sweethearts that they have been called to the front and leave Naples.
They return however as turban-clad, moustache-wearing "Albanians" to woo each other's sweetheart.
With the conniving of Despina, the two sisters consent to marry the foreigners.
At the last moment, the men remove their disguises, and rebuke their faithless sweethearts.
Revolver is a monthly hard rock and heavy metal magazine published by Future US.
It started as a magazine that was about more popular styles of music, but then changed to what it is now.
The magazine is put together a lot like Spin, and also writes about the heavy metal and punk subcultures.
It has cover stories (usually centering on a band's new album, song, or upcoming tour), album reviews, instrument reviews, and a section for readers to get advice from a celebrity.
Another notable feature of the magazine is its coverage of underground and up-and-coming bands from all over the world.
Instead of focusing only on the most popular bands, Revolver introduces a lot that are not played on the radio or on MTV.
The University of York is a research-intensive university in the city of York, England.
York University began in 1963, and has more than 30 departments and centres, covering many subjects.
Despite its relatively young age, the university has a big reputation.
York has been named the 8th best "young university" in the world, and first in the UK, building a "reputation to rival Oxford and Cambridge".
The university is among the top 10 in the country, top 20 universities in Europe, and ranked 96th in the world, according to the 2011 QS World University Rankings.
This places York in the top 1% of all higher education institutions across the globe.
In the last Research Assessment Exercise in 2008, York was also named as the 8th best research institution in the United Kingdom.
The university was named Sunday Times university of the year in 2003 and Times Higher Education university of the year in 2010.
In 2012, The University of York was invited to join the Russell Group in recognition of the institution's world-leading research and outstanding teaching.
University of York – official website
University of York Students' Union ("YUSU")
University of York LGBT Website
A magazine's circulation is the number of copies it usually distributes for each issue.
It is one of the main factors used to determine how much money they will charge businesses to advertise in the magazine.
Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, which is usually called paid circulation, because many magazines are distributed to readers without making them pay anything.
This is more true for magazines dealing with business and professional topics.
When determining readership figures, which is how many people read an issue, the number is usually considered to be higher than the circulation figures because of the assumption that most copies of the magazine are read by more than one person.
In many countries, circulation figures are checked by companies that do not work for the magazine, such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations, to make sure that the numbers a publisher gives to advertisers is accurate.
Agrippa was born in Cologne in 1486.
In 1512, he taught at the University of Dole in France.
According to his student Johann Weyer, in the book De praestigiis daemonum, Agrippa died in Grenoble, in 1535.
De occulta philosophia libri tres.
Vittoria Perrone Compagni.
Leiden and Boston: Brill, 1992: .
Three Books Of Occult Philosophy.
J. F. Edited by Donald Tyson.
St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn, 1993: .
Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex.
Albert Rabil, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996:
1486 births
Paracelsus (11 November or 17 December 1493 in Einsiedeln, Switzerland – 24 September 1541 in Salzburg, Austria) was a Swiss-Austrian alchemist, physician, astrologer, and general occultist.
The name "Paracelsus" was a nickname: it means "equal to or greater than Celsus", and refers to his medical skill.
He was born Phillip von Hohenheim.
He gave zinc its name (in Latin as "zincum").
He also named the cyanobacterium Nostoc, which is a long-chain colonial bacterium.
The adjective "bombastic" comes from his family name.
It refers to his arrogance.
Paracelsus was responsible for the creation of laudanum, an alcoholic herbal opium preparation.
It was in common use up to the 19th century.
Like most of the alchemists, he was a notable botanist.
He wrote various books, but especially his major work (title translated as: On the miners' sickness and other diseases of miners).
This listed the occupational hazards of metalworking, including treatment and prevention strategies.
He also wrote a book on the human body which contradicted Galen's ideas.
He disagreed with Galen's idea of four humours, and instead believed that disease could come from an external source.
During his lifetime
Die große Wundarzney, 1536.
Vom Holz Guaico, 1529.
Vonn dem Bad Pfeffers in Oberschwytz gelegen, 1535.Prognostications, 1536.
Selected translations The Hermetic and Alchemical writings of Paracelsus. (
translated by Arthur Edward Waite) 2 vols, London, 1894. (
in Google books), see also a revised 2002 edition (preview only) Partial contents: Coelum philosophorum; The book concerning the tincture of the philosophers; The treasure of treasures for alchemists; The aurora of the philosophers; alchemical catechism.
The Archidoxes of Magic'' by Theophrastus Paracelsus, translated by Robert Turner.
Facsimile reprint of the 1656 edition with introduction by Stephen Skinner, Ibis Publishing, 2004.
1493 births
Swiss biologists
Maurice de Bevere (December 1, 1923 - July 16, 2001), better known as Morris, was a Belgian cartoonist and the creator of Lucky Luke.
After a war, the company went bankrupt and Morris worked as an illustrator for Het Laatste Nieuws, a Flemish newspaper, and Le Moustique, a weekly magazine published by Dupuis, for which he made some 250 covers and numerous other illustrations, mainly caricatures of movie stars.
1972: Grand Prix Saint-Michel, Brussels, Belgium
1992: Angoulême International Comics Festival, 20th anniversary Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême
Morris publications in Spirou and Pilote BDoubliées
Morris albums Bedetheque
The Palos Verdes blue butterfly is a small endangered butterfly that can be seen near the Palos Verdes Peninsula in southwest Los Angeles County, California.
So far, it can only be seen here and might be one of the rarest butterflies in the world.
This butterfly has a wingspan of only 25–30 mm.
The male has a bright silvery-blue dorsal wing outlined in a narrow line of black, while the female’s dorsal wing is a more brownish-gray color.
Both males and females have gray ventral wings with dark spots surrounded by white rings.
G. lygdamus palosverdesensis was listed as an endangered species by the Fish and Wildlife Service  on July 2, 1980.
Insects are not currently protected by California law.
The wingspan of an airplane or a bird is the distance from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other.
The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep.
A talent agent, or booking agent, is a person who finds jobs for actors, musicians, models, and other people in different entertainment businesses.
Agents make their money by taking a percentage of the money that their client is paid.
Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993) was the first President of Côte d'Ivoire.
He was president until he died in 1993.
Prime Ministers of Ivory Coast
Presidents of Ivory Coast
The University of Cambridge (also called Cambridge University) is in Cambridge, England.
It is the second-oldest university in all English-speaking countries.
It is one of the world's leading places of learning.
The University started as a group of scholars in the city of Cambridge.
This may have started in 1209, when scholars left Oxford after a fight with local people.
The universities of Oxford and Cambridge are often called Oxbridge.
This is not a different university.
It is a way of saying Oxford and Cambridge together.
Cambridge University and Oxford University are both very important to the history of England.
Cambridge is usually ranked in the world's top five universities.
UK rankings and tests on the quality of its research also rate it very highly.
Cambridge has more than 18,000 students and many sport clubs and societies.
Many important people studied at the University of Cambridge, including scientists, poets, artists, politicians and members of the British Royal Family.
121 former students and staff from Cambridge later won a Nobel Prize.
The official creation of the University was in 1231, when King Henry III of England gave people the right to teach students and lower taxes.
A letter from Pope Gregory IX in 1233 also gave the right to everyone who got a degree from Cambridge to teach in any place in the Christian world.
In 1290, Pope Nicholas IV called Cambridge a studium generale (name for a university in Medieval times).
From that point many researchers and teachers from other European universities started to come to Cambridge to work or give lessons.
Building the colleges
Colleges started as places for students and teachers to live.
They were called hostels at first.
The students paid money to build and run these hostels.
All colleges were formed after the beginning of the University.
Over the years, colleges bought all of these hostels back.
However, some old names still resist today, such as Garret Hostel Lane which was named after Garret Hostel.
Peterhouse was the first official college to be created in 1284.
Many followed over the centuries and today there are 31.
The last one, Robinson, was built in the 1970s.
Many of these have a chapel because the members should have prayed for the soul of the founders (the people who created the college).
The role of the University in the Protestant Reformation
The University was one of the most important places where the Protestant Reformation began.
The Protestant Reformation was a movement in Europe where people started disagreeing with certain teachings of the Catholic Church In fact, people started talking about Lutheranism - a type of Protestantism - very early in Cambridge.
Thomas Cranmer, who became a central figure for reform, studied at Cambridge.
A century later, some people in Cambridge started to think that the Church of England was still too much like the Catholic church.
They started the Puritan movement.
This produced more than 20,000 people who left for New England around 1620 in search for a place with better religious beliefs.
Oliver Cromwell, a very important member of this movement, was a student at Sidney Sussex during this time.
Mathematics and Physics
Cambridge has been strong in applied mathematics since Isaac Newton was a student here in the 17th century.
Every student had to study maths in order to obtain a degree.
The degree was awarded as a Bachelor of Arts which mixed both arts and science subjects.
Several important early physicists studied at Cambridge.
They include James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin and Lord Rayleigh.
Pure mathematics was slower to catch up, but Cambridge is still famous for it thanks to people like G.H. Hardy.
Six maths graduates from Cambridge won Fields Medals and one got an Abel Prize.
These are the world's highest awards for mathematicians.
Four other researchers at Cambridge also won Fields Medals.
Important discoveries
People at the University of Cambridge have made many important scientific discoveries.
These are some of the best known ones:
Understanding the scientific method, by Francis Bacon
The laws of motion and the development of calculus, by Sir Isaac Newton
The development of thermodynamics, by Lord Kelvin
The discovery of the electron, by J. J. Thomson
The splitting of the atom, by Ernest Rutherford and of the nucleus by Sir John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton
The unification of electromagnetism, by James Clerk Maxwell
The discovery of hydrogen, by Henry Cavendish
The theory of evolution by natural selection, by Charles Darwin
A way of understanding natural selection with Mendelian genetics in a mathematical way, by Ronald Fisher
The Turing machine, a basic model for computation, by Alan Turing
The structure of DNA, by Francis Crick and James D. Watson
The development of quantum mechanics, by Paul Dirac
The development of string theory, by Michael Green
Women's education
For many years only men were allowed to study at Cambridge.
In 1869 Girton, the first college for women, was built.
Women could take exams from 1882, but only in 1948 did they start to be considered full members of the university.
For a certain time they even received ad eundem degrees (degrees from a University you have not studied at, but you deserve) from the University of Dublin.
Over the years, more women-only colleges were built, until in 1972 Churchill was the first one to become mixed.
Many others followed, and in 1988 Magdalene was the last men-only college to open to women.
However, there are still some colleges for women only.
Cambridge is the only university that still has this characteristic.
All other universities in the UK, including Oxford, now have only mixed colleges.
Myths, legends and traditions
Since it is very old, the University has many legends and traditions.
These are often passed on by older students to the younger ones.
Tour guides also tell these stories to tourists.
The wooden spoon tradition was to give this type of spoon to the student who was the worst in the year for mathematics but still passed the exams.
This was because the students used to be ranked in order of their result.
After 1909 this was changed and so the wooden spoon cannot be given anymore.
However, still today in many sport competitions a wooden spoon is given to the last person in the rankings.
Many legends exist about places in Cambridge.
For example, there is a story about the Mathematical Bridge in Queen's College.
Newton built it without using any bolts or screws.
Some people then took it down to see how it was made.
When they tried to put it up again they could not do it, so they had to insert many bolts.
Another tradition is that the King's College choir sings the Nine Lessons and Carols church service.
This is recorded by the BBC and sent around the world since 1928 by radio.
From 1954 it can also be seen on television.
Many people watch it on Christmas Eve in Great Britain.
The University of Cambridge is a "collegiate" university.
This means it is divided into the colleges, and every student and teacher joins one college only.
Every one of these colleges has its own property and money.
They all have many Fellows who can teach all the subjects between them.
Then there are Departments and Faculties, which are buildings where only one subject is studied.
There are also Schools that bring different Departments and Faculties together.
The overall head of the University is called the Vice-Chancellor.
They are head of the Senate and Regent House which make decisions for the whole University.
Christ's College (1505)
Churchill College (1960)
Clare College (1326)
Clare Hall (1965) †
Corpus Christi College (1352)
Darwin College (1964) †
Downing College (1800)
Emmanuel College (1584)
Fitzwilliam College (1966)
Girton College (1869)
Gonville and Caius College (1348)
Homerton College (1976)
Hughes Hall, Cambridge (1885) ‡
Jesus College (1496)
King's College (1441)
Lucy Cavendish College (1965) * ‡
Magdalene College (1428)
Murray Edwards College (1954) *
Newnham College (1871) *
Pembroke College (1347)
Peterhouse (1284)
Queens' College (1448)
Robinson College (1979)
St Catharine's College (1473)
St Edmund's College (1896) ‡
St John's College (1511)
Selwyn College (1882)
Sidney Sussex College (1596)
Trinity College (1546)
Trinity Hall (1350)
Wolfson College (1965) ‡
*Only for women
There are also 3 smaller affiliated colleges: Westcott House, Westminster College and Ridley Hall.
These are not part of Cambridge University, but students there can follow the University's lessons.
They are only for theology, the study of religion.
These three colleges together form the Cambridge Theological Federation.
The teaching is done through lectures and practical classes (where students do experiments in science subjects) organized by the Department.
The colleges also organize supervisions.
These are small lessons in groups of 1 to 4: the students do some homework and then talk about it with a teacher.
This is often considered to be one of the best things about studying at Cambridge.
The teaching is very personal and students have the chance to ask lots of questions and really understand the subject.
Schools, faculties and departments
There are more than 150 different faculties and departments in Cambridge.
These are then grouped into "Schools".
These have a supervisory body, a group of people who check that the departments are doing ok.
There are six Schools:
Humanities and Social Sciences
Physical Sciences
The year is divided into three parts.
The first one is Michaelmas Term, which is from October to December and takes its name from St Michael's day and Christmas.
The second one is Lent Term, and goes from January to March.
The last one is Easter Term, from April to June.
Within these times, there is a period of 8 weeks called Full Term.
Most lessons and exams happen in Full Term.
All students need to live in college for this period.
There is a University rule which says that students can get their degree only if they have stayed for at least 9 terms (3 years) at a distance of less than 10 miles from the main Church in Cambridge.
Central administration
Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor
The head of the University is the Chancellor.
As of 2013, he is David Sainsbury.
He was elected in 2011 after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh said he did not want to do it anymore.
Prince Philip had been Chancellor for 25 years.
The position of Chancellor is mainly ceremonial.
That means that the Chancellor does not take part in many decisions.
He is just there because an overall head of the University is needed.
The Vice-Chancellor instead is the one that makes most decisions.
For example, he/she approves and signs new rules.
The role is given to a person for at least five years.
The current Vice-Chancellor is Stephen J. Toope.
Senate and Regent House
The Senate House is a building in Cambridge.
The degree ceremony takes place there.
Any Cambridge student who has an MA degree is a member of the Senate.
It is also the place where the important people in the University meet to take decisions.
These important people are different Officers and Fellows of the colleges.
They are also called the Regent House.
This is not another building, it is just a way of calling these people.
They can make and change rules when they meet.
News and information are printed and given out in the Cambridge University Reporter.
This is the official newspaper of the university.
The university had £7.1 billion in endowments in 2019.
This money was given over lots of time by many people.
This is the largest amount of money for  any university in Europe.
Every college controls its money on its own.
They are all considered charitable organizations.
The British Government also gives money in research grants: these are for postgraduate students and their teachers.
There is also some income produced by the Cambridge University Press.
In 2000, Cambridge received a very large donation of US$210 million from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
This was to set up a scholarship so that US and other international students could study in Cambridge more easily.
Bill Gates was also made a Knight by the Queen because of his generosity.