the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Warren's Skipper, a type of butterfly
Warren Wagon Train Raid, historic incident in Texas
A burrow is a hole or tunnel in the ground made by an animal.
Animals dig burrows to live in.
Sometimes animals only use burrows for a short time.
Many animals dig burrows.
There are many different kinds of burrows.
Different kinds of animals make different kinds of burrows.
Lots of mammals make burrows.
Some mammals that make burrows are moles, gophers, groundhogs, rabbits, meerkats, and kangaroo mice.
The biggest mammal that makes a burrow is the polar bear.
Burrows can be made in different materials.
Kangaroo mice make burrows in sand.
Termites make burrows in wood.
Some sea urchins and clams make burrows in rock.
Burrows can also be make in different shapes and sizes.
Some burrows are simple tubes a few centimeters long.
Others are many tunnels and rooms that connect to each other.
Sometimes a burrow has a special name when it is made by a certain kind of animal.
For example, a rabbit's burrow is called a warren.
Burrow (Shropshire), a hill in Shropshire, England
"The Burrow" (short story), a short story by Franz Kafka
The Burrow, residence of the Weasley family in the Harry Potter book series
FAU Arena or The Burrow, the Florida Atlantic University Arena
People with the family name Burrow
James Burrow, a Gentleman well versed in Natural and Mathematical knowledge
Sharan Burrow, Australian union official
Taj Burrow, Australian surfer
Thomas Burrow, orientalist, Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford
Burro, a donkey
Sogyal Rinpoche (1947 – 28 August 2019) was a Tibetan Dzogchen Lama of the Nyingma tradition.
He taught for over 30 years.
He travels widely in Europe, America, Australia and Asia.
He was the founder and spiritual leader of Rigpa, which is an international network of over 100 Buddhist centres and groups in 23 countries around the world.
He is also the author of the best-selling book The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, which has been printed in 30 languages and 56 countries.
Rinpoche often speaks at major conferences in all areas of society, including medicine and healing, education,  dialogue between religions, movements for peace and non-violence, the world of business and leadership, and the field of serving the dying and hospice care.
Sogyal Rinpoche was born in 1947 in the region of Kham in Eastern Tibet.
Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö says that he is the reincarnation of Tertön Sogyal, a teacher to the Thirteenth Dalai Lama.
Jamyang Khyentse raised him as a son and made sure he got good training.
When things got bad in Kham, Khyentse Rinpoche and his young student went to Central Tibet and Lhasa.
In 1955, they met Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama.
They then went to India.
They settled in Gangtok at the invitation of the king of Sikkim.
Rinpoche went to Catholic School in Kalimpong.
Then he went to study at a university in Delhi before coming to the West.
In 1971, he was granted a place to study comparative religion at Trinity College, Cambridge  as a visiting scholar.
He continued to study with many masters of all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, especially His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche and His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.
In 1994, a $10 million civil lawsuit was filed against Sogyal Rinpoche.
It was alleged that he had used his position as a spiritual leader to induce one of his female students to have sexual relations with him.
The complaint included accusations of infliction of emotional distress, breach of fiduciary duty, as well as assault and battery.
Related allegations were later introduced by journalist Mary Finnigan, who was also the main author of the original article in 1995.
Rinpoche soon began teaching in Paris.
He often translated for His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche.
He also went with Dudjom Rinpoche to the United States in 1976.
In the summer of 1977, he started a centre in London, which he called Dzogchen Orgyen Chöling.
Many great masters taught there: Dudjom Rinpoche, His Holiness Sakya Trizin, Gyalwang Karmapa, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche and others.
In 1979, Sogyal Rinpoche chose the name Rigpa for his work.
It means "the innermost, essential nature of mind".
Rigpa soon set up a schedule of teaching events, referred to as retreats, with Sogyal Rinpoche and other teachers, with teachings in France every summer, California at Thanksgiving, Germany in Winter, followed by Myall Lakes in Australia, and then England at Easter.
The first winter event at Kirchheim in Germany took place in December 1986, retreats in Tiona Park in Australia began in 1989, and the first Thanksgiving retreat in the US was in Oakland in 1988.
In 1987, Rinpoche became spiritual director of the centre in County Cork in the west of Ireland which was to become Dzogchen Beara, Rigpa’s first long-term retreat centre.
In 1991, Sogyal Rinpoche opened the retreat centre of Lerab Ling near Montpellier in southern France.
The first three-month retreat was held there in 1992.
A centre in Berlin named Dharma Mati was opened in October 2007.
Abuse allegations
Sogyal Rinpoche, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying,
Sogyal Rinpoche, Dzogchen and Padmasambhava, Rigpa Publications, 1990,
Sogyal Rinpoche, Glimpse After Glimpse,
Sogyal Rinpoche, The Future of Buddhism, Rider & Co, 2002,
Articles and contributions
Himalaya: Personal Stories of Grandeur, Challenge and Hope, National Geographic Books, 2006
Jonathon Cott, On the Sea of Memory: A Journey from Forgetting to Remembering, Random House, 2005,
Reginald A. Ray (ed.),
The Pocket Tibetan Buddhist Reader, Shambhala Publications, Boston, Mass. 2004,
Kathryn Meeske (Author), Sandra Scales (Photographer), Sacred Voices of the Nyingma Masters, Padma Publishing, California, 2004,
Charles A. Tart, Living a Mindful Life, A Handbook for Living in the Present Moment, Shambhala Publications, Boston, Mass. 1994,
Forewords and introductions
Biography of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (forthcoming).
His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Mind in Comfort and Ease, Wisdom Publications, 2007,
Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Blazing Splendor: The Memoirs of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, North Atlantic Books, 2005,
Don Farber, Portraits of Tibetan Buddhist Masters, University of California Press 2005,
Nyoshul Khenpo Jamyang Dorje (translated by Richard Barron), A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems: Biographies of Masters of Awareness in the Dzogchen Lineage (A Spiritual History of the Teachings on Natural Great Perfection), Padma Publications, 2005,
Tsoknyi Rinpoche, Fearless Simplicity: The Dzogchen Way of Living Freely in a Complex World, Rangjung Yeshe Publications, Nepal, 2003,
His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Dzogchen: The Heart Essence of the Great Perfection, Snow Lion Publications, 2000,
Khenpo Namdrol The Practice of Vajrakilaya, Snow Lion Publications, 1999,
Christine Longaker, Facing Death and Finding Hope: A Guide to the Emotional and Spiritual Care of the Dying, Arrow Books, 1998,
Mordicai Gerstein, The Mountains of Tibet, Harper Trophy, 1989,
The Official Biography of Sogyal Rinpoche
Lotsawa House Biography of Sogyal Rinpoche
Sogyal Rinpoche - Rigpa Wiki
Buddhist Masters and Their Organisations: Sogyal Rinpoche
Tibetan Buddhist lamas
Chinese writers
Soma is a drink used in ancient India, in the (Vedic) culture.
It is written of in the Vedas, in which there are many hymns praising it.
It was probably a juice made from a mountain plant or the haoma plant.
In the Vedas, Soma is both the sacred drink and also a god (deva).
It is not known for sure what Soma actually was.
Soma is similar to the Greek drink, ambrosia.
According to their beliefs it is what the gods drink, and what made them gods.
Indra and Agni are known for drinking a lot of Soma.
Mortals also drink it, giving them visions that are thought to be divine.
The Rig-Veda (8.48) states, "We have drunk the Soma; we have become immortal; we have gone to the light; we have found the gods."
The Ninth Mandala of the Rig Veda is known as the Soma Mandala.
It is mostly hymns to Soma.
Tokyo Juliet (or 東方茱麗葉 in Chinese) is a 2006 Taiwanese dramatic television series.
It stars Ariel Lin and Wu Zun of the band Fahrenheit.
The series is based on the manga of the same name by Miyuki Kitagawa.
Ariel Lin 林瀨穗 Lin Lai Sui
Wu Chun as 紀風亮 Ji Feng Liang
Simon Yam as 褚形 Chu Xing
Tang Zhi Ping as Ai Li Ou
Huang Hong Sheng as 陸一彌 Lu Yi Mi
Kagami Tomohisa as 克行 Ke Xing
Lu Jia Xin as Gan Li Sha
Cai Shu Zhen as Gao Gang Quan
Cai Yi Zhen as 裴美子 Pei Mei Zi (Pei Mitsu)
Wu Jun Qiang as Guang Xi
2006 establishments in Asia
Left Hand Path is a term used in occultism for one kind of spiritual path.
It is the opposite of the Right Hand Path, which is what most people think of when they think of religion or spirituality.
The use of this term in occultism came from a term used in Hindu Tantra, Vama marga in Sanskrit.
This ancient form of tantra used the breaking of rules (taboos) as part of the practice.
Rules about diet and sex were broken on purpose.
For example, rules against eating meat and drinking alcohol might be broken.
Such a practice might require eating meat and drinking alcohol while having sex in a graveyard or cremation ground.
People who follow the Left Hand Path in the West are not interested in giving up pleasure or the world in order to be spiritual.
They are not interested in worshiping God or following rules made up by others.
They seek to gain power and freedom by breaking through taboos, fears and restrictions.
Many people link this term with Satanism and black magic, but they are not the same.
The Left Hand Path is sometimes described as amoral.
Evans, Dave.
The History of British Magic After Crowley.
Hidden Publishing, 2007.
Grant, Kenneth.
Cults of the Shadow.
London: Muller, 1975.
Hine, Phil.
Black magic and the left-hand path .
This is a Chinese name.
The surname is Wu (吳)
Wu Zun (traditional Chinese: 吳尊; simplified Chinese: 吴尊; pinyin: Wú Zūn) is a Brunei-born actor and singer.
He is the only non-Taiwanese member of the boy band Fahrenheit.
He is also known for his roles in the Taiwanese TV shows Hanazakarino Kimitachihe and Tokyo Juliet.
Born Goh Kiat Chun (traditional Chinese: 吳吉俊; Pinyin: Wú Jí Jùn) in Brunei on 10 October 1979, Wu studied at the Chung Hwa Middle School in Bandar Seri Begawan.
He later graduated from the RMIT University in Melbourne with a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration.
Wu also played basketball for Brunei's national team .
Before joining Fahrenheit (band), he was a model for 伊林 Yi Lin in Taiwan and for Diva Models in Singapore.
He manages a gym club called Fitness Zone in Brunei.
Wu was the last and oldest member to join Fahrenheit (band).
He is the bass vocalist of the group.
He also plays the drums.
His personality is represented by a cool Autumn at 59 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale.
He also represented by the word "Mysterious" (traditional Chinese: 神; Pinyin: shén).
Chinese H.I.M International Music
Japanese Fahrenheit: Official Japan Site
Wu Zun's Blog
Bruneian people
Vamachara or Vama marga (Left-Hand Path) are technical terms used for practices in tantra that are considered to be outside the usual Hindu social norms.
The term Dakshinachara (Right-Hand Path) is used to refer to Tantric sects that stay within these social norms.
Magick is an old way to spell the word "magic".
This spelling was used by Aleister Crowley for occult magic of Thelema.
He wanted to make it clear that he did not mean stage magic.
Crowley defined magick as "the science and art of causing change to occur in conformity with the will."
By this, he included ordinary acts of will as well as acts of ritual magic.
A dolmen is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb.
It usually consists of three or more upright stones (megaliths) supporting a large flat horizontal capstone (table).
Most date from the early Neolithic period (4000 BC to 3000 BC).
Dolmens were usually covered with earth or smaller stones to form a barrow, though in many cases that covering has weathered away, leaving only the stone "skeleton" of the burial mound intact.
Sichuan (; ) is a province in western China with its capital at Chengdu.
It is also informally called 蜀 ().
Its Governor is Wei Hong and its CPC Ctte Secretary is Wang Dongming.
With a population of 87,250,000 (2006), Sichuan is the third most populated administrative division of China.
Sichuan used to be the province with the most people in China before Chongqing was separated from it, making Henan the most populous.
However, when including migrants, Guangdong has more people than Henan.
Mianyang
Deyang
Yibin
Panzhihua
Leshan
Nanchong
Zigong
Luzhou
Neijiang
Guangyuan
Suining
Ziyang
Guang'an
Ya'an
Meishan
Dazhou
Bazhong
Aba Tibetan Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Most people living in Sichuan are Han Chinese.
There are also Tibetans, Yi people, Qiang and Naxi in the western side.
The Li Bai Memorial (located at his birthplace, Zhongba Town of northern Jiangyou County) is a museum in memory of the Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai.
It was prepared in 1962 on the occasion of 1,200th anniversary of his death, completed in 1981 and opened to the public in October 1982.
The memorial is built in the style of the classic garden of the Tang Dynasty.
Sichuan has a long history of folk and classical music.
Sichuan opera is an ancient tradition that very is well-known.
The Sichuan lantern drama is popular in Sichuan.
The Sichuan Conservatory of Music in Chengdu is one of the oldest of musical education in China, having been established in 1939.
Chinese Basketball Association
Chinese Football Association Super League
Chengdu Blades
Chinese Volleyball League
Sichuan Volleyball Team
China Table Tennis Super League
Sichuan Quan-Xing Table-Tennis Team
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (Chengdu)
Sichuan University (Chengdu)
Southwest Jiaotong University (Chengdu)
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (Chengdu)
Southwest University of Science and Technology (Mianyang)
Dazu Rock Carvings - officially part of Chongqing Municipality, not Sichuan
Huanglong, Scenic and Historic Interest Area
Jiuzhaigou Valley, Scenic and Historic Interest Area
Mount Emei, Scenic Area
Leshan Giant Buddha, Scenic Area
Mount Qincheng and Dujiangyan Irrigation System
Daocheng Yading Airport (Highest civilian airport in the world)
Notable Sichuanese people
Alan Dawazhouma, pop singer
Deng Xiaoping, communist leader of China
Jang Ri-In, pop singer
Twice-cooked pork (, literally: meat that has been returned to the wok) is probably the best-known Sichuan-style Chinese dish.
Twice-cooked pork is cooked by boiling pork rib steak chunks in hot water with slices of ginger and salt first, then after being cut into thin slices, the pork is put back into a wok and shallow-fried in hot oil.
Twice-cooked pork is said to have started in the Qing Dynasty, while the Qianlong Emperor toured Sichuan.
Qianlong wanted a feast at every stop that he made, and, when he arrived at one particular village, the villagers were very worried.
The crops had not been harvesting well that year and there may not have been enough to host the emperor.
They were worried that the emperor would do bad things to them if they did not give him a feast, so they quickly put the food they had not yet eaten back into the pot, cooked it again (thus "twice-cooking" them) and served the food to the emperor.
To their surprise, the emperor enjoyed it, and so the "Twice Cooked Pork" became a famous Sichuan dish.
Common vegetables to add to twice-cooked pork are cabbage, peppers and garlic shoots.
Pixian, a thick broad-bean sauce, is also a common ingredient.
In China:
Dong Yi, ancient people who lived in the east of China.
Hou Yi, a heroic figure from Chinese mythology.
Si Ma Yi, grandfather of Emperor Wu of Jìn.
The Pinyin pronunciation for the Mandarin word for "one."
Wu Yi, Vice Premier of China
Yi (drinkware), the ancient Chinese drinkware.
Yi (nationality), an ethnic group of China.
Yi Jian Lian, a Chinese NBA basketballer.
宜瀏 Yi Liu, a dialect of the Gan language of Jiangxi.
Yi script, the writing of Yi.
In Korea:
The Korean pronunciation of the Chinese name Li or Lee.
Yi I, a Korean Confucian scholar.
Yi Sun Sin, a Korean admiral.
In Ukraine
Yi (Cyrillic), written as Ї or ї, a letter of the Ukrainian alphabet.
In Uruguay
Yi River, a river in Uruguay.
Yi (dinosaur), the dinosaur with the shortest name.
Joseph (Hebrew Bible), father of important Hebrew tribes, the favored son of Jacob
Saint Joseph, husband of Mary, the mother of Jesus.
Joseph Conrad, Polish-British writer.
Józef Piłsudski, the first Marshal of Poland.
Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953
Joseph Bonaparte, king of Sicily and Naples and later king of Spain
Joseph is a name from Hebrew language, written as .
This is pronounced in standard Hebrew as Yosef, and in Tiberian Hebrew and Aramaic as .
In Arabic the name is spelled  or Yūsuf.
The name can be translated from Hebrew as "the lord will increase."
The name Joseph is used mostly in English and French-speaking countries.
Some shortened versions and nicknames of Joseph include Joe, Joey and Jo.
From 1925 to 1972 it was one of the top ten boys' names in the United States.
People known as Joseph
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph II of Austria
Joseph I of Portugal, King of Portugal
Joseph, Prince of Brazil
Joseph, General Inquisitor (1720–1801) – a natural son of King John V of Portugal, one of the Children of Palhavã.
Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, King of Naples
Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, King of Bavaria
Biblical figures
Saint Joseph, husband of Mary the mother of Jesus (according to Christian doctrine)
Joseph, Old Testament Biblical figure in the book of Genesis
Joseph of Arimathea, secretive disciple of Jesus
Joe Biden, Vice President of the United States of America
Chief Joseph, Nez Perce tribal leader
John Dee (13 July 1527 – 1608 or 1609) was a well-known English mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, occultist, and consultant to Queen Elizabeth One.
He also studied to alchemy, divination, and Hermetic philosophy.
Dee lived during a time when people were just learning the difference between science and magic.
He was one of the most learned men of his time.
He lectured to crowded halls at the University of Paris when still in his early twenties.
Dee was an expert in mathematics, astronomy and navigation.
He trained many of those who would go on voyages of discovery for England.
In fact, he coined the term "British Empire".
At the same time, he was very interested in magic and Hermetic philosophy.
He spent the last third of his life studying mostly these subjects.
During his time, these subjects were not thought to be opposed to science.
They were thought to be part of science.
He wrote Monas Hieroglyphica ("The Hieroglyphic Monad") in 1564 (about Kabbala and alchemy).
He also wrote the preface to the first English translation of Euclid's works.
Jonathan Dee ( his real name) was born in London in a Welsh family.
The last name Dee cames from the Welsh word du, meaning "black".
He graduated from St. John's College, Cambridge when he was eighteen.
He was a founding fellow of Trinity College.
He lectured for a little while at Cambridge.
Then he left England to study in continental Europe and lecture in Paris and Louvain.
He returned to England in the 1540s.
In 1555, he was arrested and charged with practicing black magic for having cast horoscopes of Queen Mary and Princess Elizabeth; the charges were expanded to treason against Mary.
Dee appeared in the Star Chamber and cleared himself.
When he was released, he became a scientific advisor to Queen Elizabeth One, even deciding on the best date for her to be crowned in 1558.
He traveled to Europe with money from Elizabeth I. He was possibly acting as a spy for her.
He became a close associate of many Elizabethan explorers and entrepreneurs such as Sir Humphrey Gilbert.
In 1564, Dee wrote the Hermetic work Monas Hieroglyphica ("The Hieroglyphic Monad") about a symbol of his own design which stood for the mystical unity of all creation.
This work was highly valued by many people of Dee's time.
However, there was a secret about it which has been lost.
This makes the book hard to understand today.
He published a "Mathematical Preface" to Henry Billingsley's English translation of Euclid's Elements in 1570.
He wrote about how important mathematics was for the other arts and sciences.
Because this book was written for the public, it was Dee's most popular work.
Dee was not satisfied with his knowledge.
In the early 1580s, he started to use supernatural ways to get more knowledge.
He wanted to get knowledge from the angels.
He met Edward Kelly in 1582 and Kelly became his companion.
Kelly was a convicted forger.
Kelly helped Dee to get visions from angels using a crystal ball.
The angels gave them a language called Enochian and dictated several books through Kelly.
Dee's crystal ball ended up in the British Museum.
It went unnoticed for many years in the mineral collection.
Most of the still existing papers of Dee are also in the British Museum.
In 1583, while Dee was away in Europe, his home and library at Mortlake were destroyed by a mob.
Later, Dee came to believe that many of his books had been stolen by former friends and associates.
He asked Queen Elizabeth for help.
She made him Warden of Christ's College, Manchester, in 1592.
He remained in this position until 1604.
Publication of Enochian writings
About ten years after his death, the antiquarian Robert Cotton found some of Dee writings, mostly records of Dee's communications with angels.
Cotton's son gave these writings to the scholar Méric Casaubon, who published them in 1659 as A True & Faithful Relation of What passed for many Yeers between Dr. John Dee (A Mathematician of Great Fame in Q. Eliz.
and King James their Reignes) and some spirits.
This was the public had heard about Dee's spiritual conferences.
The book was very, very, popular and sold quickly.
Because Casaubon wrote in his introduction that Dee was really dealing with evil spirits when he believed he was communicating with angels, Dee was thought of as a fool for some time.
Dee was married three times and had eight children.
His eldest son was Arthur Dee.
He was also an alchemist and Hermetic writer.
Azogue: It is a section of the e-journal Azogue with original reproductions of Dee texts.
John Dee reports of Dee and Kelley's conversations with Angels edited in PDF by Clay Holden:
Mysteriorum Liber Primus (with Latin translations)
Notes to Liber Primus by Clay Holden
Mysteriorum Liber Secundus
Mysteriorum Liber Tertius
The J.W. Hamilton-Jones translation of Monas Hieroglyphica from Twilit Grotto: Archives of Western Esoterica
The Private Diary of Dr. John Dee And the Catalog of His Library of Manuscripts at Project Gutenberg
John Dee's Monas Hieroglyphica, Ambix Volume 52, Part 3 2005
Alchemical Manchester - The Dee Connection  -(contemporary article on Dee)
Ambix: The Journal of Alchemy and Chemistry
1608 deaths
Burrow is a hill in Shropshire with an Iron Age hill fort at the top that is known as Burrow Camp.
It was possibly very important during the Iron Age as it has two natural springs.
Roy Maurice Keane (born 10 August 1971 in Mayfield, Cork, Republic of Ireland) is a former Irish football player.
He was the manager of English Championship club Ipswich Town.
He played for Republic of Ireland national team.
The best part of his career was twelve-years with Manchester United, in which between 1997 and 2005 he was captain.
|1989/90||Cobh Ramblers||First Division||12||1||||||||||||||12||1
|1990/91||rowspan="3"|Nottingham Forest||rowspan="2"|First Division||35||8||||||||||||||35||8
|1991/92||39||8||||||||||||||39||8
|1992/93||Premier League||40||6||9||0||||||||||49||6
|1993/94||rowspan="13"|Manchester United||rowspan="13"|Premier League||37||5||6||1||7||0||3||2||53||8
|1994/95||25||2||7||0||1||0||4||1||37||3
|1995/96||29||6||7||0||1||0||2||0||39||6
|1996/97||21||2||3||0||2||0||6||0||32||2
|1997/98||9||2||0||0||0||0||1||0||10||2
|1998/99||35||2||7||0||0||0||12||3||54||5
|1999/00||29||5||colspan="2"|-||0||0||12||6||41||11
|2000/01||28||2||2||0||0||0||13||1||43||3
|2001/02||28||3||2||0||0||0||12||1||42||4
|2002/03||21||0||3||0||2||0||6||0||32||0
|2003/04||28||3||5||0||0||0||4||0||37||3
|2004/05||31||1||4||1||1||0||6||0||42||2
|2005/06||5||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||6||0
|2005/06||Celtic||Premier League||10||1||||||||||||||10||1
|1993||9||0
|1998||3||2
|2001||7||4
Total||67||9
Irish footballers
Irish football managers
People from Cork (city)
A Marilyn is a mountain or hill in the British Isles (including Ireland) with a relative height of at least 150 metres (492 ft).
The name was coined as an ironic contrast to the designation Munro, that is used of a Scottish mountain with a height of more than 3,000 feet, which is homophonous with (Marilyn) Monroe.
Many of the largest hills are Marilyns, including Ben Nevis, Scafell Pike and Snowdon.
On the other hand, many large hills, including some Munros, and other well-known hills are not Marilyns because they do not meet the relative height criterion.
Marilyn News Centre
Lakes24 24 Marilyns in 24 hours in the English Lake District
A Munro is a Scottish mountain with a height over 3,000 feet (914.4 metres).
They are named after Sir Hugh Munro (1856–1919), who produced the first attempt at a catalogue of such hills, known as Munro's Tables, in 1891.
Despite their modest height, walking and climbing in the Scottish mountains may be made dangerous by their latitude and exposure to Atlantic weather systems.
Even in summer, conditions can be very bad; thick fog, strong winds, driving rain and freezing summit temperatures are not unusual.
Winter ascents of certain Munros are widely accepted to provide among the most challenging ice climbs in Europe.
Some walkers are unprepared for the often extreme weather conditions on the exposed tops and many fatalities are recorded every year, often resulting from slips on wet rock or ice.
Scottish Mountaineering Club official Munros page , including completionists.
MunroMagic – details and route descriptions for all Munros. (
Some content requires registration.)
The Munros and Tops 1891-1997  - Spreadsheet showing changes in successive versions of Munro's Tables.
Topographic prominence is a way to measure the independence of a summit.
It is often known simply as prominence.
Some also call it autonomous height, relative height, shoulder drop (in the United States), or prime factor (in Europe).
It is "the elevation difference between the summit and the lowest contour line encircling it and no higher summit".
Two related concepts in topography are col and parent peak.
These are used to calculate the prominence.
The parent peak is a higher mountain that is often (but not always) nearby.
It is chosen using a variety of criteria.
The col is the lowest point between two peaks.
There may be several cols between a peak and its parent peak, since other peaks may be between the two.
The highest of these cols is known as the key col.
Prominence is measured as the difference in height between the summit and the key col.
Topographic isolation
peaklist.org, a website about mountain prominence, with lists and maps
Edward Earl’s article on Topographic Prominence
Mountain Hierarchy using Prominence Islands
The rainbow body in Buddhism is a body that is made of light, not flesh.
The term is mostly used in the part of Tibetan Buddhism called Dzogchen.
According to Dzogchen, the rainbow body is a sign of complete mastery of the Dzogchen view.
Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche states: “The realized Dzogchen practitioner, no longer deluded by apparent substantiality or dualism such as mind and matter, releases the energy of the elements that compose the physical body at the time of death”.
Padmasambhava, who was the founder of Buddhism in Tibet, is often shown with the rainbow body on paintings known as thangkas.
Blackman, Sushila (Compiled and edited) (1997).
Graceful Exits:  How Great Beings Die:  Death Stories Of Tibetan, Hindu & Zen Masters.
New York, USA:  Weatherhill, Inc.
Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (Edited by John Shane) (1988).
The Crystal and the Way of Light.. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (1999).
The Crystal and The Way of Light: Sutra, Tantra and Dzogchen.
Snow Lion Publications.
Reynolds, John Myrdhin (1996).
The Golden Letters. (
1st ed edition).
Sogyal Rinpoche; Harvey, Andrew (Editor) & Gaffney, Patrick (Editor)(1993).
Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. (
Rev and Updated ed.).
Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche (2002).
Healing with Form, Energy, and Light.
Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications.
Images of Rainbow Body
Dr Robert Anton Wilson (January 18, 1932 – January 11, 2007) was a futurist thinker, libertarian, and writer.
He held a Ph.
D in Psychology.
At one time he was a writer for Playboy magazine.
Wilson was the author of the Schrödinger's Cat trilogy (1979).
He also co-wrote (with Robert Shea) the Illuminatus!
trilogy (1975), which took a humorous look at the American fear of conspiracies.
These books mix true facts with fiction.
In The Cosmic Trigger (1976), he introduced Discordianism, Sufism, futurism, the Illuminati and other unusual subjects to the general public.
He also worked with Timothy Leary to promote futurist ideas of space migration, life extension, and intelligence enhancement.
Other fiction books by Wilson include The Earth Will Shake (1982) and Reality Is What You Can Get Away With (1996).
His non-fiction books include Quantum Psychology, The New Inquisition (1994), and other volumes of The Cosmic Trigger.
He and Miriam Joan Hill co-wrote Everything Is Under Control: Conspiracies, Cults, and Cover-Ups (1998), an encyclopedia of conspiracy theories.
Smoley, Richard and Jay Kinney, "Doubt!:
The Gnosis Interview with Robert Anton Wilson," Gnosis, No.
50 (Winter 1999).
R.A.W. Official Website , now maintained by his family
RAW Data Wilson's blog, now maintained by his daughter, Christina
Maybe Logic - The Lives and Ideas of Robert Anton Wilson
Collection of online interviews
Robert Anton Wilson Multimedia, Video & Audio  Hundreds of media files including interviews and links
deoxy.org  interviews and writings
"Robert Anton Wilson: The Author of The Illuminatus Trilogy Expounds on Multiple Realities, Guerrilla Ontology, LSD, Life Extension and Things that Go Bump in the Night" by Michael Hollingshead in High Times, 1980
Video appearances by Wilson  including May 23, 1996 appearance on Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher
"The ROC Interview - Author - Futurist - M.V.P. (Most Valuable Philosopher) Robert Anton Wilson"  by Randy Lee Payton of Rock Out Censorship, February 2001
"President Hannibal Lector & the Thing That Ate the Constitution: An Interview with Robert Anton Wilson"  by David Jay Brown, 2003
"23 Questions With Robert Anton Wilson" by Jody Franklin, August 2004 and March 2005
"Man Bites Dogma"  - Wilson interviewed by Michael Dare (no date given)
Online writings, profiles and press
Collection of online writings by Wilson
Robert Anton Wilson profile on BlackCrayon.com
8-Circuit Model of Timothy Leary and Robert Anton Wilson
Robert Anton Wilson on Dazed Digital  - multi-media feature (high bandwidth site)
"Patricia Luna Wilson"  by Art Quaife - Wilson's teenage daughter, murdered on October 2, 1976.
Her parents had her brain placed into cryonic suspension.
"Robert Anton Wilson, 74, Who Wrote Mind-Twisting Novels, Dies", New York Times Obituary by Dennis Hevesi, January 13, 2007
""Robert Anton Wilson - He turned Playboy readers' conspiracy theories into drug-assisted cult fiction" by Michael Carlson for The Guardian, January 18, 2007
"Robert Anton Wilson, Jan 18, 1932 - Jan 11, 2007" at Erowid Character Vaults
Tārā or Ārya Tārā, also known as Jetsun Dolma in Tibetan, is a female Buddha linked with Buddhist tantra practice in Tibetan Buddhism.
She is called the "mother of liberation".
She stands for success in work and achievements.
Tārā is a tantric deity whose practice is used by followers of the Tibetan branch of Vajrayana Buddhism to develop their inner qualities and understand outer, inner and secret teachings about compassion  and emptiness.
Tārā is not found in the Japanese branch of Vajrayana Buddhism, Shingon.
There is more than one form of Tārā.
They have to do with different forms of the same quality.
Bodhisattvas are often considered metaphors for Buddhist virtues.
Green Tārā, known as the Buddha of enlightened activity
White Tārā, also known for compassion, long life, healing and serenity; also known as The Wish-fulfilling Wheel, or Cintachakra
Red Tārā, of fierce aspect associated with magnetizing all good things
Black Tārā, associated with power
Yellow Tārā, associated with wealth and prosperity
Blue Tārā, associated with transmutation of anger
Cittamani Tārā, a form of Tārā widely practiced at the level of Highest Yoga Tantra in the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism, portrayed as green and often conflated with Green Tārā
Khadiravani Tārā (Tārā of the teak forest), who appeared to Nagarjuna in the Khadiravani forest of South India and who is sometimes referred to as the "22nd Tārā."
In some schools of Buddhism there are twenty-one Tārās.
A practice text with the title In Praise of the 21 Tārās is recited during the morning in all four sects of Tibetan Buddhism.
The main Tārā chant or mantra is Oṃ tāre tuttāre ture svāhā.
This Sanskrit mantra is pronounced by Tibetans and Buddhists who follow the Tibetan traditions as Oṃ tāre tu tāre ture soha.
Bodhisattvas
In Hinduism, the Goddess Tara (Sanskrit: Tārā, Devanagari: तारा) meaning "star" is the second of the ten Mahavidyas or "Great Wisdom(Goddesse)s", Tantric manifestations of Mahadevi, Kali or Parvati.
Tara (Buddhism), a female deity representing enlightened activity and fearlessness
Tara (Polynesian goddess), a beautiful sea goddess
In Hinduism:
Tara (Devi), a Mahavidya of Mahadevi, Kali or Parvati.
Another name for Taraka, the second wife of Brihaspati
Tara (Ramayana), the wife of the monkey king Vali, who married Vali's brother and successor, Sugriva, after Vali's death
The Theremin , (also thereminvox or aetherphone) is one of the first fully electronic musical instruments.
It was invented by Russian inventor Léon Theremin in October 1920 after the outbreak of the Russian civil war.
Its invention grew out of a search for ways to detect movement.
It was the first musical instrument to be played without being touched.
The control section has two metal antennae to sense the positions of the player's hands.
One hand controls the pitch.
The other hand controls the volume.
To play the theremin, the player moves his hands around the two metal antennas.
The electric signals from the theremin are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.
The sound of the theremin is associated with "alien," surreal, and eerie-sounding portamento, glissando, tremolo, and vibrato sounds.
It has been used in film soundtracks such as Spellbound, The Lost Weekend, Ed Wood, Mars Attacks!
and The Day the Earth Stood Still.
The BBC Radiophonic Workshop used the theramin to provide the electronic sounds in demand in the mid-century.
Theremins are also used in art music (especially avant-garde and 20th century "new music") and in popular music genres such as rock and pop.
The Russian Dmitri Shostakovich was one of the first to include parts for the theremin in orchestral pieces, including a use in his score for the 1931 film Odna.
oddmusic.com theremin page
TECI: Theremin Enthusiasts Club International
Theremin.info
Clara Rockmore playing "The Swan" (Saint-Saëns)
Dr. Samuel Hoffman, Hollywood's premiere thereminist
Art's Theremin Page : Complete construction plans for solid state and vacuum tube theremins
The terpsitone was an electronic musical instrument invented by Léon Theremin.
It consisted of a platform fitted with antennas, through and around which a dancer would control the musical performance.
By most accounts, the instrument was nearly impossible to play.
Theremin only built three of these instruments.
Only the last one, made by Theremin in 1978 for Lydia Kavina, still exists today.
Mason, C. P. (1936).
Theremin “Terpsitone” A New Electronic Novelty in Radio Craft, Dec. 1936, p. 365
Saggini, Valerio (2004).
The Last Terpsitone on Earth
In Japan, Fukurokuju (福禄寿) (From Japanese fuku, which means "happiness"; roku, which means "richness"; and ju, which means "long life") is one of the Seven Lucky Gods.
He looks a lot like the Chinese star god Shou.
Some people think that before becoming a god, he was a Chinese hermit and a reincarnation of a Taoist god.
Usually shown as being bald, with long whiskers, people say he is a living form of the Southern Polestar.
In many pictures, Fukurokuju has a strangely high forehead.
He stands with a crane and a turtle, which are symbols of long life.
He is also sometimes with a black deer.
Ancient legends say a deer turns black if it is over 2000 years old.
Ashkenazi, Michael.
Handbook of Japanese Mythology.
ABC-CLIO, 2003.
Léon Theremin (born Lev Sergeyevich Termen, ) (August 15, 1896 – November 3, 1993) was a Russian inventor.
He is most famous for his invention of the theremin, one of the first electronic musical instruments.
Early inventions
He invented the theremin (also called the thereminvox) in 1919, when his country was in the midst of the Russian Civil War.
Theremin also invented the first electronic burglar alarm, which he called a "radio watchman".
Move to the United States
Theremin moved to the United States, arriving December 30, 1927 with his first wife, Katia Constantinova.
He performed the theremin with the New York Philharmonic in 1928.
He patented his invention in the United States in 1928 and subsequently granted commercial production rights to RCA.
Theremin set up a laboratory in New York in the 1930s, where he developed the theremin and experimented with other electronic musical instruments and other inventions.
Theremin was interested in a role for the theremin in dance music.
He developed performance locations that could automatically react to dancers' movements with varied patterns of sound and light.
He worked with the American Negro Ballet.
After the Soviet consulate had apparently demanded he divorce Katia, the inventor fell in love with and married the young prima ballerina Lavinia Williams.
His marriage to the African-American dancer caused shock and disapproval in his social circles, but the couple remained together.
Return to the Soviet Union
Theremin abruptly returned to the Soviet Union in 1938.
At the time, the reasons for his return were not clear.
Some claimed that he was simply homesick, while others believed that he had been kidnapped by Soviet officials.
Beryl Campbell, one of Theremin's dancers, said his wife Lavinia "called to say that he had been kidnapped from his studio" and that "some Russians had come in" and that she felt that he was going to be spirited out of the country.
Theremin was put to work in a secret research and development laboratories in the Soviet Gulag labor camp system.
Theremin created the "Buran" eavesdropping system which recorded conversations in French and American embassies by measuring the window glass vibrations using a low power infrared beam from a distance.
Lavrentiy Beria, head of the KGB then used Buran to spy on US, British and French embassies.
In 1945 Theremin invented the first covert listening device (or "bug") for spying.
Theremin's device was embedded in a carved wooden plaque of the Great Seal of the United States.
On August 4, 1945, Soviet school children presented the bugged carving to U.S. Ambassador Averell Harriman, as a "gesture of friendship" to the USSR's World War II ally.
It hung in the ambassador’s Moscow office until 1952, when the bug was discovered by a British radio operator who heard conversations on an open radio channel.
The CIA found the device in the Great Seal carving.
Peter Wright, a scientist and former MI5 counterintelligence officer, eventually figured out how it worked.
After his release from the labor camp in 1947, Theremin volunteered to remain working with the KGB until 1966.
By 1947 Theremin had remarried, to Maria, and they had two children: Lena and Natalia.
After working for the KGB, Theremin worked at the Moscow Conservatory of Music for 10 years where he taught and built Theremins, electronic cellos and some Terpsitones.
There he was discovered by a visiting New York Times correspondent, but when an article by Christopher Walker appeared, according to Lydia, the Vice President of the conservatory said "The people don't need electronic music.
Electricity is for killing traitors in the electric chair", fired Theremin, closed his laboratory and had his instruments destroyed.
After 51 years in the Soviet Union Léon Theremin started travelling, first visiting France in June 1989 and then the United States in 1991, each time accompanied by his daughter Natalia, where he was reunited with Clara Rockmore who performed a number of concerts at this time.
He also made a demonstration concert at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague in early 1993 before dying in Moscow in 1993 at the age of 97.
Léon Theremin is the subject of the documentary movie, Theremin: An Electronic Odyssey, written, directed, and produced by Steven M. Martin.
The documentary was a winner at the Sundance Film Festival in 1994.
The movie features legendary thereminists Clara Rockmore and Lydia Kavina as well as electronic instrument pioneer Robert Moog, Nicolas Slonimsky, The Beach Boys founder Brian Wilson, and Theremin himself.
linked from LMJ6
Theremin Centre, Moscow, holds Lev Sergeivitch Termen archives (Russian only)
Natalia Theremin's interview to magazine AURA-Z
Lev Sergeivitch Termen: The Inventor of the theremin
An Introduction to Leon Theremin
Online bibliography about both the man and the instrument
An encounter with Léon Theremin
Inventor of the Week Archive - LEON THEREMIN (1896-1993)
from The History Channel
Moog re LT's work on television, bugging
ARTMargins  by Natascha Drubek-Meyer, "Between “Bad Things” and Good Vibrations: Leon Theremin and his T-Vox" - long article with citations
Russian inventors
Chappelle's Show is an American comedy television series starring comedian Dave Chappelle.
The show was created by Chappelle and Neal Brennan.
It aired from 2003-2006 on Comedy Central.
The show ran for two complete seasons plus three "lost episodes".
East Azarbaijan or East Azerbaijan (, Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi; ) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran.
It has borders with Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the provinces of Ardabil, West Azarbaijan, and Zanjan.
Its capital is Tabriz.
Clothing in Ancient Greece was usually made out of big rectangular pieces of cloth.
The cloth was sewn very little, or not at all.
The cloth was then put around the body and held in place by belts, fibulae, or other fastenings.
The cloth was made from linen or wool.
Types of clothing
Peplos
The peplos (plural: peploi) was a garment worn by women of ancient Greece.
The peplos was a large square piece of cloth.
The cloth was then folded over to create a double layer, called apoptygma, in the upper part of the body.
The cloth is then folded around the body, and fastened over each shoulder.
The ionic or laconic peplos was open on the side of the body, while the doric peplos was sewn shut like a tube.
The peplos was worn in such a way that the opening was on the right side of the body.
Usually a belt was worn over the peplos.
The belt could be worn over or under the apoptygma.
The chiton was made from a large square piece of cloth.
It was worn by both women and men.
The doric chiton was very simple.
It was made with a large piece of cloth (usually wool).
The cloth was folded and put around the body.
It was fastened on the shoulders using brooches and then allowed to fall into folds.
A belt, often called a gurdle, was worn around the waist to hold the dress in place.
The ionic chiton was sewn like a tube.
The material, usually linen, was folded and sewn with holes left for the head and arms.
A belt was also worn on the Ionic style to keep it in position and to make it fall into folds from the waist down.
Himation
The himation (plural: himatia) was a big cloth that was used as a cloak.
It was worn by both men and women.
The himation was usually put from the back over the left shoulder; the other part of the himation was put under the right arm, and then around the front of the body.
The himation was so long that it went down to the knees, or it could also be longer.
Chlamys
The chlamys (plural: chlamydes) was a usually shorter cloak.
It was a piece of cloth put over the left shoulder, and fastened over the right shoulder.
The chlamys was typically worn by men or soldiers.
Women's clothing
Women in Ancient Greece wore long dresses and cloaks.
They wore the peplos and chiton, and the himation.
Cosmetics and make-up
Cosmetics and make-up were not used in Ancient Greece.
White lead was used to whiten the skin.
White skin for women was seen as a sign of beauty.
Juice made from alkanet roots was used to give the cheeks a rosy colour (like rouge).
Eye shadow (probably made from ashes) was not used.
Lipstick was not used.
Perfumes were also important.
Male clothing
Men's clothing was even simpler than women's (if anything).
The most important piece of clothing was a shorter version of the chiton, which was also belted at the waist.
The top shoulder was often left bare if the man was exercising or doing hard work.
The himation was also used, especially on long journeys.
A long robe could also be worn with the right shoulder left uncovered.
Men usually wore no clothes training for military reasons.
They wore no clothes when exercising
At home people went without shoes, but in the streets or when travelling they wore leather sandals.
These were very simple and usually made to measure - the man or woman went to the cobbler's shop and put his foot on a piece of leather, and the sole was cut out round the foot.
The sole was attached to the foot by leather thongs tied across the instep and round the ankle.
آذربایجان غربی Āzarbāijān-e Gharbī; Kurdish: Azerbaycanî Rojawa; Azeri: Qərbi Azərbaycan) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran.
The province of West Azarbaijan covers an area of 39,487 km² (or 43,660 km² including Lake Urmia).
The capital city of the province is Urmia.
Republic of Azerbaijan, a country in Asia
East Azarbaijan, a province in Iran
West Azarbaijan, a province in Iran
Yulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (, born 27 November 1960), is a Ukrainian politician.
Tymoshenko is a member of the Verkhovna Rada since 2014.
She is the leader of the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc political party.
She was the Prime Minister of Ukraine for two separate terms in 2005 and again from 2007 until 2010.
Her first term as Prime Minister was from 24 January to 8 September 2005.
She was re-elected on 18 December 2007 but was removed by the Ukrainian Parliament on 3 March 2010 after the government with her own political party and the political party of Viktor Yushchenko (former President of Ukraine) Our Ukraine and the small Lytvyn Bloc lost a no-confidence vote.
While they were once strong allies, today there is a lot of political rivalry between Yushchenko and Tymoshenko.
When Viktor Yushchenko lost the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, and his followers argued that the election had been corrupt, she was his main ally and one of the leaders of the Orange Revolution.
In February 2010 Tymoshenko lost the presidential election to Viktor Yanukovych; with a 3.48% difference, she said Yanukovych won because of fraud.
She has promised to make life for the new President as difficult as possible.
She was an unsuccessful candidate for President of Ukraine in the 2019 presidential election.
Criminal charges
On 11 October 2011 a Ukrainian judge sentenced Tymoshenko to seven years in prison for misusing her powers as Prime Minister when she signed a natural gas deal with Russia in 2009.
She had been in prison for improper behaviour in court since 5 August 2011.
Tymoshenko appealed against the sentence on 24 October 2011; she said the sentence was an act of revenge by Viktor Yanukovych (he has said it is not).
The European Union and Russia protested against the sentence.
Tymoshenko was born in Dnipro, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union.
She studied at Dnipro Polytechnic, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University and Kyiv National Economic University.
In 1979, she married businessman Oleksandr Tymoshenko.
They have a daughter, businesswoman Eugenia.
Yulia Tymoshenko personal site  Official personal site of Yulia Tymoshenko
The Ring is a 2002 American supernatural horror movie set in Seattle.