the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The facade of Long Beach Airport's passenger terminal served as the fictional "Aeropuerto Val Verde" (Val Verde Airport) in the 1985 Arnold Schwarzenegger movie Commando (1985).
The airport is used instead of the Napa Valley Airport in Disney's 1998 remake of "The Parent Trap".
The opening scenes of Nickelodeon's "Clockstoppers" (2002) is filmed at Long Beach Airport.
In 2008, the Long Beach Airport began generating electricity with six 9 feet by 9 feet solar arrays.
The arrays are located around the terminal in the outdoor baggage claim area.
The project will offset nearly a 500,000 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions.
To attract the United States Navy, the City of Long Beach built a hangar and an administrative building and then offered to lease it to the Navy for $1 a year for the establishment of the Naval Reserve Air Base.
On May 10, 1928, the U.S. Navy commissioned the field as a Naval Reserve Air Base (NRAB Long Beach).
Two years later, the city built a hangar and administrative building for the United States Army Air Corps as well.
It should be stated that the only significant developments to the little city airport began only after the city built hangars and administrative facilities for the Army and Navy in 1928-30.
As a Naval Reserve Air Base, the mission was to instruct, train and drill Naval Reserve aviation personnel.
A ground school was offered three nights a week at the base and two nights a week at the University of California in Los Angeles until 1930, when ground school was continuously offered at the base.
On April 9, 1939, training in night flight began, and shortly thereafter its facilities began to be used by fleet aircraft as well.
However, with increased air activity by commercial airlines and the private airplane industry, particularly with Douglas Aircraft showing an interest in the Long Beach Municipal Airport, the facility required more space.
With Douglas Aircraft as a resident, the attitude of Long Beach's authorities became cold and openly hostile to naval aviation, with its city manager saying that "the sooner the Navy gets out of the Long Beach airport, the better we will like it."
Because of this hostile attitude, the Navy had begun a survey for a more suitable site — unknown to city officials at the time.
Nevertheless, Admiral Ernest J. King, then the Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, and Admirals William D. Leahy, Joseph K. Taussig, and Allen E. Smith pointedly requested that the city of Long Beach repair the runways and reminded the city that the Pacific Fleet, then laying offshore in both Long Beach and San Pedro harbors, had a payroll of more than $1 million a month.
Eventually the city complied with the Navy's requests.
The Navy was fed up with the city of Long Beach.
It decided upon the purchase of some property owned by Susanna Bixby Bryant, a fact made known by the commander of the base, Commander Thomas A. Gray, to the Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Admiral John H. Towers.
The circumstances behind the purchase were revealed to James V. Forrestal, Under Secretary of the Navy, and by him to the House Naval Affairs committee who approved the purchase.
Although Comdr.
Gray had offered Mrs. Bryant $350 an acre, in the best patriotic spirit she sold the property at $300 an acre.
The land is 4 miles east of the Long Beach Airport.
With the site acquired, in 1941, construction funds soon followed and NAS Los Alamitos began to take shape.
Upon the transfer of the Naval Reserve Training Facility to Los Alamitos, quite to the surprise of city officials of Long Beach, in 1942, instead of returning the Naval Reserve Air Base facilities at Long Beach to the city, the Navy simply turned over the facilities to the United States Army Air Forces, which had also established a training base adjacent to it.
The 1940s was a very busy time for the Long Beach airport.
Throughout World War II, the airfield was used for the war effort.
In August, 1941, the Civil Aeronautics Administration took over control of the airport, which had increased to .
Once Los Alamitos became an operational base in 1941, NAAS Long Beach now turned to servicing carrier borne F4Fs, SBDs, FM-2s, F4Us, F6Fs, TBF/TBMs, and SB2Cs.
In addition, it had utility aircraft and such patrol planes as the PBY, SNB, GB3, NH, GH, and SNJ.
Like the Naval Air Ferry Command at NAS Terminal Island, the Army's ferrying work was an immense undertaking, thanks to Douglas Aircraft's wartime production.
Ground breaking for the initial Douglas Aircraft facility occurred in November 1940, with dedication in October 1941.
Douglas had been drawn to Long Beach primarily because of the presence of the town's growing municipal airport and the presence of both the Army and Navy there.
With wartime contracts, the company immediately went into intensive production.
The company's first C-47 was delivered 16 days after the attack of Pearl Harbor, and another 4,238 were produced during the war.
Additionally, the plant turned out some 1,000 A-20 Havocs, not to mention 3,000 B-17 Flying Fortresses and 1,156 A-26 Invaders.
With the end of the war, the U.S. Navy abandoned any use of the Long Beach Municipal Airport facility completely, and with it, the designation of Long Beach as a Naval Auxiliary Air Station.
McDonnell Douglas continued to produce passenger jets on the north side of the airport until its merger with Boeing in 1997.
Boeing continued limited operations.
On March 18, 2009, President Barack Obama's Air Force One landed at Long Beach Airport for the President's town hall meetings in Orange County and Los Angeles.
President Obama made an appearance on Jay Leno's Tonight Show in Burbank on March 19, 2009.
Long Beach /Daugherty Field/ Airport covers an area of 1,166 acres (472 ha) at an elevation of 60 feet (18 m) above mean sea level.
It has five asphalt paved runways:
12/30 is 10,000 by 200 feet (3,048 x 61 m)
7L/25R is 6,192 by 150 feet (1,887 x 46 m)
7R/25L is 5,423 by 150 feet (1,653 x 46 m)
16L/34R is 3,975 by 75 feet (1,212 x 23 m)
16R/34L is 4,470 by 75 feet (1,362 x 23 m)
For the year ending December 1, 2010, the airport had 329,808 aircraft operations, an average of 903 per day: 87% general aviation, 10% scheduled commercial, 3% air taxi, and <1% military.
At that time there were 435 aircraft based at this airport: 69% single-engine, 11% multi-engine, 11% jet, and 10% helicopter.
The gates at Long Beach Airport are divided into the North and South Concourse, each with four gates.
Gates in the North Concourse are numbered 21, 22, 23A and 23B, while gates in the South Concourse are numbered 1, 2, 2A, 3, 4, and 4A. Passengers wait for planes in temporary trailers.
Terminal improvement plans
Plans call for a new 1,989-space parking structure, ramp improvements and a concourse with a central garden and 11 gates that will replace the temporary trailers where travelers now wait for flights.
About $2 million will be spent to refurbish the old terminal, which was built in 1941 and declared a historic landmark by the city decades later.
The project, however, will retain the open-air feeling of the current terminal complex, and passengers will still walk across the tarmac when boarding or leaving their planes.
Baggage claim also will be partially enclosed as it is today.
On March 16, 2011, a privately-owned Beechcraft King Air crashed shortly after takeoff, killing five people and injuring another.
The cause of the crash was not immediately clear.
Western Air Defense Force (Air Defense Command)
California World War II Army Airfields
Long Beach Airport, official web site
Historic California Posts: Long Beach Army Air Field
Aerial image as of 29 March 2004 from USGS The National Map
Bone fractures happen when a bone is damaged by stress.
The bone can be fractured in many different ways.
Most human bones are strong and do not break when hit by strong impacts or forces.
However, if that force is too powerful, or there is something wrong with the bone, it can fracture.
Types of fractures
There are many different types of bone fractures.
Fractures are often separated into categories.
Open or closed
In an open fracture (also called a compound fracture), the broken bone breaks through the skin.
This can cause infection, since the skin usually protects the body from germs.
If the skin is broken, germs can get into the body.
Open fractures can also damage muscles, tendons and ligaments if the sharp ends of the broken bone go through them.
In a closed fracture, the broken bone does not break through the skin.
Simple or complex
In a simple fracture, the broken bone is the only thing that is damaged.
In a complex fracture, the sharp ends of the broken bone damage the soft tissue around the bone.
Composite fracture
This is the type of injury in which the broken bone has passed through the skin, forming some wounds.
That is why it is also called an open fracture or composite fracture.
Compared to the simple fracture, the open wound has made it even more dangerous since the person suffering from it is exposed to infection.
Therefore, an operation may be necessary to prevent the wound from becoming infected.
Complete or incomplete
In a complete fracture, the bone is broken all the way through.
The broken bone is in two separate pieces.
In an incomplete fracture, the bone is not broken all the way through.
The bone is partly broken, but it is still in one piece.
There are a few kinds of incomplete fractures, including:
Hairline fracture: Only the outer layer of the bone is broken.
This is also called a fissure fracture.
Greenstick fracture: These fractures usually happen only in children, because their bones are more flexible than adults'.
In a greenstick fracture, only one side of the bone is broken.
The bone is usually "bent," and is broken only on the outside of the bend.
In a comminuted fracture, at least three pieces of a bone have broken off.
This means the bone is in four separate pieces or more (the main bone, plus the three or more pieces that have broken off).
Sometimes people have multiple fractures.
This can mean two different things:
One bone is broken in two different places, or more; or
One person has fractures in many different bones, all caused by the same injury (like being hit by a car).
On average, it usually takes 6-8 weeks for a fracture to heal.
However, healing times depend on many different things, like which bones were broken, how bad the breaks were, age (younger people usually heal faster), and nutrition.
Most fractures are diagnosed by using an X-ray.
If the X-ray cannot see the fracture, other scans, like MRIs and CT scans, can show that a fracture exists.
The best way to "fix" a bone fracture is to make sure the ends of the broken bone are lined up and tight together.
As the American Academy on Orthopedic Surgeons says:
"All forms of treatment of broken bones follow one basic rule: the broken pieces must be put back into position and prevented from moving out of place until they are healed.... Broken bone ends heal by "knitting" back together with new bone being formed around the edge of the broken parts."
Scientists have come up with a few ways to "regenerate bone" (make the bone grow again).
Their many ideas for future strategies include doing gene therapy and using 3-D printers.
See illustrations with Simple English explanations of each of the types of fractures  (from Brigham & Women's Hospital)
Simple English materials on broken bones for children and for teenagers (from KidsHealth.org)
"Patient-Friendly Bone Basics" about preventing osteoporosis and bone breaks (from the National Osteoporosis Foundation)
"Classification Of Fracture - Simple And Composite Fracture" First Aid Steps For A Broken Bone(fracturesandbonehealing.blogspot.com) - Simple Bone Fracture Healing Time.
A phase is one part of a cycle or change that goes in a circle.
For example, the moon has phases.
The seasons of the year, spring, summer, fall, and winter, are also phases.
The planet Venus has phases, like the moon: Galileo showed that the phases of Venus meant it must go around the Sun, not the earth.
Graphs can be made for things that have phases.
Things that have phases change in some regular way from time to time.
For example, a pendulum in a clock moves from some position (called its "displacement") to the left (labelled -x with algebra), to the bottom, and then to some position to the right (labelled +x with algebra).
Two pendulums may have the same length, but unless they begin swinging at the same time and place they will not move together.
One may be swinging left while the other swings right.
When something like that happens the two vibrations are "not in phase."
Jeong In-ji (, 1396 - 1478) was a Korean Joseon Dynasty politician, scholar, writer, historian.
His nickname was Hakyeokjae ().
His son Jeong hyun-jo married Princess Uisuk, daughter of Joseon Dynasty 7th king Sejo of Joseon.
Great granddaughter Grandlady Jeong, mother of 14th king Seonjo of Joseon.
Hunminjeongeunyehae(훈민정음예해, 訓民正音例解)
Hakyukjaejip(학역재집)
Yukdaeyukbeop(역대역법)
Goryeosa(고려사)
Goryeosajeolyo(고려사절요)
Yukdaebyungyo(역대병요)
Hunminjeongeum(훈민정음)
Saryunohjip(사륜오집)
Jachitonggamhunui(자치통감훈의, 資治通鑑訓義)
Sejongsillok
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=136736
http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=11837
http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=690286
1478 deaths
Los Alamitos Army Airfield  is a military airport.
It is one mile (2 km) southeast of central Los Alamitos, California, and within its city limits.
Runway 4L/22R: 5,900 x 150 ft. (
1,798 x 46 m), Surface: PEM
Runway 4R/22L: 8,000 x 200 ft. (
2,438 x 61 m), Surface: Asphalt/Concrete
In the 1930s the Long Beach Airport was owned by that city and was also used as a Naval Reserve air station.
In the late 1930s and early 1940s, the United States Navy perceived as a hostile attitude on the part of the City of Long Beach regarding improvements and maintenance of Long Beach Airport.
Without telling the Long Beach officials, the Navy began looking for a new place for its flight operations.
Admiral Ernest J. King, then the Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, and Admirals William D. Leahy, Joseph K. Taussig, and Allen E. Smith pointedly requested that the city of Long Beach repair the runways and reminded the city that the Pacific Fleet, then laying offshore in both Long Beach and San Pedro harbors, had a payroll of more than $1 million a month.
The land is 4 miles east of the Long Beach Airport.
With the site acquired, in 1941, construction funds soon followed and Naval Reserve Air Base (NRAB) Los Alamitos began to take shape.
The new base provided many jobs and spurred modest growth.
On 1 June 1941, operations moved from Long Beach to Los Alamitos.
By May 1942, Los Alamitos was operating with a complete physical plant including administrative office, sick bay, a synthetic training facility, central files, classroom, and an assembly & repair department.
With a station complement of about 2,500 officers and men, the initial aviation cadets began their training.
The first graduating class numbered 729 cadets, 180 having washed out.
By the end of the year, the base's 36 planes had increased to 140, and in 1943, five outlying fields were acquired, Training was carried out mostly in plywood planes.
When changed from the command of the Naval Primary Training Command to that of Naval Air Center, Eleventh Naval District, on 15 August 1943, it was used to station carrier air groups.
Renamed a naval air station, its flight operations were conducted by a Fleet Air Detachment, with station complement dropping from about 250 officers and 2000 men to 40 officers and 500 men and the Assembly and Repair Department discontinued but still used by the CASU on board.
Many CASUs and ARGUSs (groups to establish forward air bases) were formed at and dispatched from Los Alamitos during the war.
With additional construction undertaken after mid-1943, the total investment at the station to 1 January 1945 was $4,827,014.64.
Growing from one officer, one man, and one plane in 1928, Los Alamitos in 1945 had become one of the Navy's most important air stations.
On 15 August 1943 it became an operational training base for training of fleet units and was reclassified as a Naval Air Station.
In addition to providing training, the base serviced aircraft from the battle fleet, including carrier air groups from USS Lexington, Saratoga, and Langley.
NRAB Los Alamitos was initially under the command of the naval operating base at San Pedro, California.
Like other Naval Reserve Air Bases established during the 1930s, it fell under the command of the Naval Air Primary Training Command on 1 October 1942; Naval Air Center, Eleventh Naval District, San Diego, on 15 August 1943; and finally Naval Air Bases, Eleventh Naval District, on 10 August 1944.
As an NRAB, the mission of Los Alamitos was to instruct, train and drill Naval Reserve aviation personnel living in the Eleventh Naval District.
As was the case with other naval air stations retained in operating status following the war, Los Alamitos suffered a period of transitions and changes.
Under the command of the Chief of Naval Air Training at NAS Pensacola, its missions were to train reservists and service the fleet.
On 1 March 1946, while it provided training, CASU 33 supported Air Group 98, but the devotion of activity could be measured by the fact that, as of 28 February 1946, it had only ninety-seven V-6 personnel on active duty as station keepers, yet until the end of September this group provided proficiency flying for more than 1,500 inactive reserve pilots.
Meanwhile, CASU 706 supported Patrol Squadron 908 (VP-908), Escort Carrier Air Groups 779 and 778, and Carrier Air Group 716.
On 16 August 1946, the first group of aviation cadets in the Selective Training Program came on board, and after 1 September, the station would be used by the Naval Air Transport Service (NATS).
On 13 October, the record-making Truculent Turtle, which had flown nonstop for almost 4,500 miles, paid the station a visit.
By the end of 1946, with 243 reserve pilots, 1,375 volunteer reserve pilots, 255 inactive reserve enlisted men, and 368 active duty station keepers, Los Alamitos was one of the busiest Naval Air Reserve Stations.
Between January and March 1947, the station became the largest in the entire Naval Reserve air training program.
On 17 May 1947, the administration of NAF Litchfield Park, southwest of downtown Phoenix, Arizona, was placed under Los Alamitos to serve volunteer reserve aviation personnel in the Phoenix-Tucson area.
With 1,300 organized reservists, 1,682 inactive reservists, 12 over-aged reservists, 7 women reservists, and 583 station keepers, Los Alamitos remained the largest Naval Air Reserve Station in the United States.
On board during the first quarter of 1948 were a light carrier aircraft group (CLG); two carrier air groups; two escort carrier air groups; two patrol plane squadrons; three transport squadrons; four fleet aircraft service squadrons; two Marine fighting squadrons and a Marine ground control interceptor unit; two volunteer units, one at Litchfield, one on the station proper; a NATS Unit; GCA; and an all-weather station.
Until it was decided that there were not enough personnel to continue associated volunteer units at Bakersfield Municipal Airport and Santa Barbara, Los Alamitos assumed administrative responsibilities for them.
At the station full operations were carried on for five days a week from 0730 to 1630.
Saturday night was reserved for night flying.
Operations were limited on Mondays and Thursdays; weekends were madhouses as the "weekend warriors" came on board.
On 7 November 1949, Los Alamitos received its first jet aircraft, an FJ-1 Fury.
With all FGs replaced with F6F Hellcats, a reorganisation occurred on 1 December 1950 in which there was provided a wing staff with twenty-five squadrons.
During the summer of 1950, 105 midshipmen from the United States Naval Academy reported for four days of an air cruise and 112 seamen reported for eight weeks of training duty.
Meanwhile, there was a waiting list for pilots and ground officers.
When the naval aviation cadet programme, which had opened on 1 July, closed on 25 October 1950, Los Alamitos had obtained a tenth of the cadets recruited in the entire nation.
Meanwhile, in answer to President Truman's request for reservists to volunteer for duty during the Korean War, VG-781 requested mobilization as a complete unit, and was accepted – the first squadron in the nation to do so.
Three Marine Corps Organized Reserve units were ordered to active duty, and so was VP-772.
To speed up training, on 6 March and again on 16 May 1951 ninety-day trainees reported on board.
The third group of trainees came on board for training 16 June and many of them and station personnel helped saved lives and property during heavy rains and floods that damaged the nearby town of Los Alamitos.
On 15 January 1952, the first helicopter unit came to the base.
Also in 1952, a reserve air intelligence unit came to the base.
On 16 July 1957, then-Major John H. Glenn, Jr., USMC, set the Transcontinental air speed record, flying a F8U-1 Crusader from NAS Los Alamitos to Floyd Bennett Field, New York, in 3 hours, 23 minutes, and 8.4 seconds.
For the next decade, operations at Los Alamitos were routine.
In 1970, however, the Navy closed the station as a Naval Air Reserve training facility and let it serve merely as a Naval Air Station.
In 1972, helicopter elements of both the California Army National Guard and United States Army Reserve moved from leased facilities at commercial airports to NAS Los Alamitos.
Following approval of an environmental impact statement filed in August 1973, the base was designated an Armed Forces Reserve Center for which the Navy was designated host, and the California Army National Guard was charged with operating the airfield.
On 23 August 1977, 'ownership' of the base was transferred from the U.S. Navy to the U.S. Army.
The U.S. Army 'licensed' the operation of the base to the California Army National Guard.
The base was commanded by BG James Benson.
Los Alamitos Army Airfield was commanded by LTC James C. Ghormley, III.
This place served as the starting line for the 14th season of the hit CBS Reality TV Show The Amazing Race.
The base's status as an alternate landing area for Air Force One was mentioned in a West Wing episode.
Los Alamitos Army Airfield (unofficial page)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), commonly called Jefferson Lab or JLab, is a U.S. national laboratory in Newport News, Virginia.
It is near exit 256 of Interstate 64.
Since June 1, 2006, it has been operated by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, a joint venture between Southeastern Universities Research Association, Inc., and CSC Applied Technologies, LLC.
Until 1996 it was known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF).
This name is still used a lot for the main accelerator.
Founded in 1984, JLab employs over 675 people.
Over 2,000 scientists from around the world have conducted research using the facility.
Its mission is "to provide forefront scientific facilities, opportunities and leadership essential for discovering the fundamental structure of nuclear matter; to partner in industry to apply its advanced technology; and to serve the nation and its communities through education and public outreach."
The facility is being rebuilt to increase its energy from 6 GeV to 12 GeV. To do this, more powerful magnets and power supplies are added to the accelerator.
Also, a new experimental hall will be added.
The CEBAF is shut down from May to December 2011 for installation and construction will be completed by 2013.
Full operations will begin in 2015.
The laboratory's main research facility is the CEBAF accelerator, which consists of a polarized electron source and injector and a pair of  7/8 mile (1400 m) long superconducting RF linear accelerators.
The ends of the two linear accelerators are connected to each other by two arc sections with magnets that bend the electron beam in an arc.
So, the beam path is a race-track shaped oval. (
Most accelerators, such as CERN or Fermilab, have a circular path with many short chambers to speed up the electrons spread along the circle.)
As the electron beam makes up to five successive orbits, its energy is increased up to a maximum of 6 GeV. Effectively, CEBAF is a linear accelerator (LINAC), like SLAC at Stanford, that has been folded up to a tenth of its normal length.
It acts as if it were a 7.8 mile long linear accelerator.
The design of CEBAF allows the electron beam to be continuous rather than the pulsed beam typical of ring shaped accelerators. (
There is some beam structure but the pulses are very much shorter and closer together.)
The electron beam is directed onto three potential targets (see below).
One of the distinguishing features of JLab is the continuous nature of the electron beam, with a bunch length of less than 1 picosecond.
Another is JLab's use of superconducting RF (SRF) technology, which uses liquid helium to cool niobium to approximately 4 K (−452.5°F), removing electrical resistance and allowing the most efficient transfer of energy to an electron.
To achieve this, JLab uses the world's largest liquid helium refrigerator, and was one of the first large-scale implementators of SRF technology.
The accelerator is built 8 meters, or approximately 25 feet, below the Earth's surface, and the walls of the accelerator tunnels are 2 feet thick.
The beam ends in three experimental halls, called Hall A, Hall B, and Hall C. Each hall contains a unique spectrometer to record the results of collisions between the electron beam and a stationary target.
This allows physicists to study the structure of the atomic nucleus, specifically the interaction of the quarks that make up protons and neutrons of the nucleus.
Particle behavior
Each time around the loop, the beam passes through each of the two LINAC accelerators, but through a different set of bending magnets. (
Each set is designed to handle a different beam speed.)
The electrons make up to five passes through the LINAC accelerators.
Collision event
When a nucleus in the target is hit by an electron from the beam, an "interaction", or "event", occurs, scattering particles into the hall.
Each hall contains an array of particle detectors that track the physical properties of the particles produced by the event.
The detectors generate electrical pulses that are converted into digital values by analog to digital converters (ADCs), time to digital converters (TDCs) and pulse counters (scalers).
This digital data must be gathered and stored so that the physicist can later analyze the data and reconstruct the physics that occurred.
The system of electronics and computers that perform this task is called a data acquisition system.
12 GeV upgrade
JLab houses the world's most powerful tunable free-electron laser, with an output of over 14 kilowatts.
The United States Navy funds this research to develop an laser that could shoot down missiles.
Because the lab does classified military research, it is closed to the public except for an open house held once every two years.
The JLab free-electron laser uses an energy recovery LINAC.
Electrons are injected into a linear accelerator.
The fast-moving electrons then pass through a wiggler which produces a bright laser light beam.
The electrons are then captured and steered back to the injection end of the LINAC where they transfer most of their energy to a new batch of electrons to repeat the process.
By reusing the electrons and most of their energy, the free-electron laser requires less electricity to operate.
The JLab is the first energy recovery LINAC to produce ultravoliet light.
Cornell University is now trying to build one to produce X-rays.
Since CEBAF has three complementary experiments running simultaneously, it was decided that the three data acquisition systems should be as similar as possible, so that physicists moving from one experiment to another would find a familiar environment.
To that end, a group of specialist physicists was hired to form a data acquisition development group to develop a common system for all three halls.
CODA, the CEBAF Online Data Acquisition system, was the result
CODA is a set of software tools and recommended hardware that helps build a data acquisition system for nuclear physics experiments.
In nuclear and particle physics experiments, the particle tracks are digitized by the data acquisition system, but the detectors are capable of generating a large number of possible measurements, or "data channels".
The ADC, TDC and other digital electronics are typically large circuit boards with connectors at the front edge that provide input and output for digital signals, and a connector at the back that plugs into a backplane.
A group of boards are plugged into a chassis, or "crate", that provides physical support, power and cooling for the boards and backplane.
This arrangement allows electronics capable of digitizing many hundreds of channels to fit into a single chassis.
In the CODA system, each chassis contains a board that is an intelligent controller for the rest of the chassis.
This board, called a ReadOut Controller (ROC), configures each of the digitizing boards upon first receiving data, reads the data from the digitizers, and formats the data for later analysis.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, official site
Google Hybrid Map of TJNAF
MSN Virtual Earth Aerial Map
Physics Division at Jefferson Lab (includes links to each of the experimental halls)
Free-Electron Laser Program
12 GeV Upgrade
K-12 Science Education
Veszprém (ˈvɛspreːm; ) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights.
The city is not far from Lake Balaton.
about 15 km  (9 mi).
It is the administrative center of the county (comitatus or 'megye') of the same name.
Veszprém lies on both sides of the Séd creek, approximately  from Budapest (via the M7 highway and Road 8).
It can also be reached from Győr via Road 82 and from Székesfehérvár via Road 8.
1870: 14279
1880: 14726
1890: 14807
1900: 16223
1910: 16864
1920: 17513
1930: 19991
1941: 24025
1949: 20682
1960: 28222
1970: 40415
1980: 57249
1990: 63867
2001: 62851
2011: 64339
Hungarians - 94.7%
Germans - 1.7%
Others - 1%
No answer - 2.6%
Roman Catholic - 57%
Calvinist - 9.7%
Lutheran - 3%
Others - 1.3%
Atheist - 19%
No answer - 10%
Marian Cozma
Tamás Kádár
Bottrop, Germany
Gladsaxe, Denmark
Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Passau, Germany
Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania
Tirat Carmel, Israel
Žamberk, Czech Republic
English pages on official site
Pannon University (formerly University of Veszprém)
Aerial photography: Veszprém
Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo is a Chilean football club.
They play in the Primera División.
They are the top-flight football league in Chile.
Their home ground is the Estadio Monumental David Arellano in the commune of Macul, Santiago.
They are the most successful football club in their country.
Liga Central de Football / Asociación de Fútbol de Santiago: 4
1925, 1928, 1929, 1930
Primera División: 30
1937, 1939, 1941, 1944, 1947, 1953, 1956, 1960, 1963, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997 Clausura, 1998, 2002 Clausura, 2006 Apertura, 2006 Clausura, 2007 Apertura, 2007 Clausura, 2008 Clausura, 2009 Clausura, 2014 Clausura
Copa Chile: 10
1958, 1974, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1994, 1996
Copa LibertadoresWinners (1): 1991
Runner-up (1): 1973Copa SudamericanaRunner-up (1): 2006Copa Interamericana
Winners (1): 1991
Recopa SudamericanaWinners (1): 1992
InternationalIntercontinental Cup
''Runner-up (1): 1991
Colo Colo in FIFA.com
Supporters' Site
Chilean football clubs
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica  is a football club in Santiago de Chile now playing in the Primera División.
It is one of the most successful and popular football clubs in Chile as one of the three "big teams".
The most traditional rival is the Universidad de Chile, frequently called the Clásico Universitario.
CDUCatolica.com
Los Cruzados
Ceatolei
Universidad Catolica
1930s establishments in Chile
Universidad de Chile in FIFA.com
Maria Kihl or Mia Kihl (born April 23, 1979 in Stockholm), is a Swedish voice actress.
Fairly Odd Parents - Vicky (Starting from Season 2).
Goof Troop - Max.
Quack Pack - Louie.
TaleSpin - Molly Cunningham (1st Voice), Additional Voices.
Total Drama Island - Sadie.
Yu-Gi-Oh! -
Anzu Mazaki
Winx Club - Flora
Mia Kihl at Svensk Filmdatabases
Sir William Golding (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was an English writer.
He was a novelist, poet, playwright and teacher.
He is famous for his novel Lord of the Flies.
He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1983.
In 2008, The Times ranked Golding third on its list of "The 50 Greatest British writers since 1945".
Golding was born in Newquay, Cornwall, England on 19 September 1911.
He grew up in Marlborough, Wiltshire.
His father, Alec Golding, was a schoolmaster at Marlborough Grammar School.
Golding and his older brother, Joseph, went to their father's school.
In 1930, Golding went to Brasenose College at the University of Oxford.
He studied Natural science and then English literature there.
Golding graduated with an MA in 1935.
Golding then worked as an actor, producer and a writer.
Then he became a teacher at Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury.
Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940.
When World War II ended, Golding continued teaching and writing.
He left Bishop Wordsworth's School in 1961 and began writing full-time.
Golding's first published novel was Lord of the Flies.
Golding used his experience of the Second World War and his teaching knowledge of children to write the book.
Lord of the Flies is a story about a group of school boys who are trapped on a desert island.
The children quickly become savages and begin to murder each other.
The novel gained widespread interest because of its political message.
Golding went on to write many more books, including The Inheritors, Rites of Passage and many others.
He had a rather pessimistic view of humanity.
His novels are often set in closed communities, such as islands, villages, monasteries, groups of hunter-gatherers, ships at sea or a pharaoh's court.
Golding was knighted for his work in 1988.
He died five years later, on 19 June 1993, of heart failure in Cornwall.
Lord of the Flies (1954)
The Inheritors (1955)
Pincher Martin (1956)
Free Fall (1959)
The Spire (1964)
The Pyramid (1967)
The Scorpion God   (1971)
Darkness Visible (1979)
The Paper Men (1984)
To the Ends of the Earth (trilogy)
Rites of Passage (1980)
Close Quarters (1987)
Fire Down Below (1989)
The Double Tongue (posthumous) (1995)
Writers from Wiltshire
Verse-chorus form is a musical form that is common in popular music.
Verse-chorus forms have been the basis for rock music since the 1960s.
Songs in verse-chorus form
"Be My Baby" by The Ronettes (1963)
"Penny Lane" by The Beatles (1967)
"Smoke on the Water" by Deep Purple (1973)
"That'll Be the Day" by Buddy Holly (1957)
"California Girls" by The Beach Boys (1965)
"All You Need Is Love" by The Beatles (1967)
"Foxy Lady" by Jimi Hendrix (1967)
"Can't Get Enough" by Bad Company (1974)
Homesickness is a feeling of unhappiness a person may have when away from home or from familiar surroundings or people.
It has a similar meaning to the word nostalgia.
Homesickness is not about how much you miss your home.
It is about how much dependent you are on other people or your parents, how much pampered you are or how much difficult it is for you to be in a different place.
People sometimes become homesick when they travel.
They miss their own home and desperately want to go back.
Children may often feel homesick, especially when they are away from their parents for the first time.
Usually these feelings will go away as one gets used to the new environment, but sometimes homesickness can make a person depressed.
People may easily feel homesick if they travel to an environment in which the culture is very difficult to what they are used to, and especially if a foreign language is being spoken.
Children who are sent away to boarding school will very often feel homesick.
George Crabbe (born Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 24 December 1754; died Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 3 February 1832) was an English poet and naturalist.
His poem The Borough which describes life in a small town in Suffolk, inspired Benjamin Britten to compose his opera Peter Grimes.
George Crabbe was born in Aldeburgh, Suffolk.
As a child he loved poetry.
In 1768, he was apprenticed to a local doctor, but he did not learn much from him.
In 1771 he changed masters and moved to Woodbridge.
There he met Sarah Elmy, who was to become his wife.
She had the patience to wait until he had finished his medical studies before marrying him.
She encouraged him in his verse writing.
In 1775 he published his first work: Inebriety.
In 1780 he decided to give up being a doctor.
He borrowed some money and went to London where he tried to become known as a poet.
It took several years, during which time he became a clergyman.
He became chaplain to the Duke of Rutland at Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire.
Crabbe became well-known when he wrote a poem called The Village (1783).
It was a long poem which described life in the country as he had known it.
In 1783, he married Sarah.
In 1814, he became Rector of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, where he stayed.
Now that he had a family he did not feel any more need to write poetry and so he wrote nothing for 22 years.
He then wrote more poems about the village community, including The Borough (1810).
By the time of his death, he was well known and a friend of William Wordsworth, Sir Walter Scott and other important literary figures of the time.
Use in 20th century opera
Like George Crabbe, the composer Benjamin Britten (1913-1976) also came from Aldeburgh.
When he was in America during World War II he read Crabbe's poem The Borough.
It made him homesick and he decided to return to England.
He wrote an opera Peter Grimes which was based on Crabbe's poem.
It is one of the greatest operas of the 20th century.
Their least distance from the Sun, their perihelion, is less than 1.3 AU.
NEOs include near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and near-Earth comets.
They include more than ten thousand near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), near-Earth comets, some solar-orbiting spacecraft, and meteoroids large enough to be tracked in space before striking the Earth.
Collisions in the past have had a significant role in shaping the geological and biological history of the planet.
In some cases NEOs hit the Earth.
Most of these meteors explode harmlessly in the upper atmosphere.
But some NEOs are dangerous.
We try to find out when one is going to hit Earth using impact prediction.
On 30 June 1908, a meteorite of around 45 metres in diameter exploded over the basin of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River.
It released an energy of 10–15 megatons of TNT and destroyed roughly 2,000 square kilometres of forest.
Such an explosion, similar to one of the biggest nuclear weapons, could have razed London about as far out as the M25 ring road.
However, because the location was remote, no deaths were recorded.
The Association of Space Explorers estimates that a Tunguksa-like event happens two or three times every thousand years on average.
An asteroid roughly 10 km in diameter is thought to have hit Earth 66 million years ago and caused the K/T extinction event, including the extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs.
Near-Earth asteroidAsteroid impact predictionLate Heavy Bombardment
was a  after Jingo-keiun and before Ten'ō.
This period started in October 770 and ended in January 781.
Events of the Hōki era
23 October 770 (Hōki 1, 1st day of the 10th month): The era name was changed to mark the beginning of Emperor Konin's reign.
778 (Hōki 9): The emperor granted Kashima-jinja a divine seal for use on documents.
28 August 779 (Hōki 10, 7th month): Fujiwara no Momokawa died at age 48.
781 (Hōki 12, 4th month ): The emperor abdicated in favor of his son, who would later come to be known as Emperor Kammu.
Emperor Kōnin's reign had lasted for 11 years.
781 (Hōki 12, 12th month): Kōnin died at the age of 73.
781 disestablishments
Cyclopia (also called cyclocephaly or synophthalmia) is a birth defect.
Cyclopia is characterized by a failure of the prosencephalon to separate the two orbits (eyes).
This leads to the formation of a central deformed eye and an absence of a nasal cavity.
It causes can be either genetic, or as a result of an exposure to poisons.
The term "cyclopia" comes from Cyclops, a giant one-eyed creature the Greek Greek mythology.
Hōki Province, was an old province of Japan, today part of the Tottori Prefecture
Hōki, Tottori, a town in Japan
Hōki, a Japanese era name (770-781)
Hoki (fish), another name for blue grenadier, a merluccid hake of the genus Macruronus.
was an old province of Japan in the area of Tottori Prefecture on the island of Honshū.
The ancient capital city of the province was near Kurayoshi.
A major castle town was at Yonago.
The maps of Japan and Izu Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Shitori jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Hōki.
A free-electron laser, or FEL, is a laser that produces a very bright beam of light.
It is basically a super flashlight.
It shares the same optical properties as conventional lasers such as emitting a beam consisting of coherent electromagnetic radiation which can reach high power.
The FEL used operating principles to form the beam that are very different operating principles of a conventional laser.
Unlike gas, liquid, or solid-state lasers such as diode lasers, in which electrons are excited while bound to atoms, FELs use a relativistic electron beam as the lasing medium which moves freely through a magnetic structure, hence the term free electron.
The free-electron laser has the widest frequency range of any laser type, and can be widely tunable, currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz radiation and infrared, to the visible spectrum, to ultraviolet, to X-rays.
Free—electron lasers were invented by John Madey in 1976 at Stanford University.
The work builds on research done by Hans Motz and his coworkers who made the first undulator at Stanford in 1953 using the wiggler magnetic configuration which is at the heart of a free-electron laser.
Madey used a 24 MeV electron beam and 5 m long wiggler to amplify a signal.
Soon afterward, other laboratories with accelerators started developing such lasers.
Free-electron lasers use a lot of electricity when they operate.
To reduce the energy needed to keep them operating, scientist use an energy recovery linear accelerator to recycle the high-energy electron beam that activates the laser.
Madey, John, "Stimulated emission of bremsstrahlung in a periodic magnetic field".
42, 1906 (1971)
Madey, John, Stimulated emission of radiation in periodically deflected electron beam, US Patent 38 22 410,1974
Boscolo, et al., "
Free-Electron Lasers and Masers on Curved Paths".
Phys., (
Germany), vol.
46–51, May 1979.
Deacon et al., "
First Operation of a Free-Electron Laser".
Rev. Lett.,
16, Apr. 1977, pp.
892–894.
Elias, et al., "
Observation of Stimulated Emission of Radiation by Relativistic Electrons in a Spatially Periodic Transverse Magnetic Field", Phys.
36 (13), 1976, p. 717.
Gover, "Operation Regimes of Cerenkov-Smith-Purcell Free Electron Lasers and T. W. Amplifiers".
Optics Communications, vol.
3, Sep. 1978, pp.
375–379.
Gover, "Collective and Single Electron Interactions of Electron Beams with Electromagnetic Waves and Free Electrons Lasers".
16 (1978), p. 121.
"The FEL Program at Jefferson Lab"
UCSB Free-Electron Laser
Free-Electron Laser Open Book (National Academies Press)
The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Free-Electron Laser research and applications
European XFEL
PSI SwissFEL
SPring-8 Compact SASE Source
Electron beam transport system and diagnostics of the Dresden FEL
The Free Electron Laser for Infrared eXperiments FELIX
W. M. Keck Free Electron Laser Center
Jefferson Lab's Free-Electron Laser Program
Free-Electron Lasers: The Next Generation by Davide Castelvecchi New Scientist, January 21, 2006
Airborne megawatt class free-electron laser for defense and security
FERMI@Elettra Free-Electron Laser Project
Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL)
Dame Janet Baker, CH, DBE, FRSA (born 21 August 1933) is an English mezzo-soprano.
From the 1950s to the 1980s she was one of the best known classical music singers in opera, concert, and lieder.
She sang a lot of Baroque music including early Italian opera as well as works by modern composers, especially those of Benjamin Britten.
Her life
Janet Baker was born in Hatfield, South Yorkshire in the north of England.
Her father was an engineer who sang in a male voice choir.
She went to York College for Girls and then Wintringham Girls' Grammar School in Grimsby.
In her early years she worked in a bank.
She went to London in 1953 where she had singing lessons from Meriel St Clair and Helene Isepp, whose son Martin became her regular accompanist.
She was knocked down by a bus in 1956 and had concussion and a back injury which often gave her pain.
That same year, she came second in the Kathleen Ferrier Memorial Competition at the Wigmore Hall, which started to make her famous.
In 1956, Baker sang in opera for the first time with the Oxford University Opera Club as Miss Róza in Smetana's The Secret.
That year, she also sing at Glyndebourne.
In 1959, she sang Eduige in the Handel Opera Society's Rodelinda; other Handel roles included Ariodante (1964), of which she later made an excellent recording with Raymond Leppard, and Orlando (1966), which she sang at the Barber Institute, Birmingham.
With the English Opera Group at Aldeburgh, Baker sang Purcell's Dido and Aeneas in 1962, Polly (Benjamin Britten's version of The Beggar's Opera) and Lucretia (in Britten's The Rape of Lucretia).
At Glyndebourne she appeared again as Dido (1966) and as Diana/Jupiter in Francesco Cavalli's La Calisto, and Penelope in Monteverdi's Il ritorno d'Ulisse in Patria.
For Scottish Opera she sang Dorabella in Mozart's Così fan tutte, Dido, Octavian in Richard Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier, the Composer in Ariadne auf Naxos and the role of Orfeo in Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice.
She sang that role everywhere and she is often associated with it.
In 1966, Baker made her first appearance as Hermia at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, and went on to sing Berlioz's Dido, Kate in Britten's Owen Wingrave, Mozart's Vitellia and Idamantes, Cressida in William Walton's Troilus and Cressida and the title role in Gluck's Alceste (1981) there.
For the English National Opera, she sang the title role in Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea (1971), Charlotte in Massenet's Werther, and the title roles in Donizetti's Maria Stuarda and Handel's Giulio Cesare.
Oratorio and song
As well as opera, Janet Baker often sang oratorio roles and gave solo recitals.
Among her best recordings are her singing of the Angel in Elgar's The Dream of Gerontius, made with Sir John Barbirolli in December 1964 and Sir Simon Rattle over twenty years later; her 1965 performances of Elgar's Sea Pictures and Mahler's Rückert-Lieder, also recorded with Barbirolli; and, also from 1965, the first commercial recording of Ralph Vaughan Williams's Christmas oratorio Hodie under Sir David Willcocks.
In 1976, she gave the first performance of Britten’s the solo cantata Phaedra which had been written for her.
Dame Janet Baker's last operatic appearance was as Orfeo in Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice, on 17 July 1982, at Glyndebourne.
She published a memoir, Full Circle, in 1982.
In 1991, Baker was elected Chancellor of the University of York, a position she kept until 2004.
was a  after Tenpyō-jingo and before Hōki.
This period started in August 767 and ended in October 770.
The reigning monarch was .
This was the same woman who had reigned as the former .
Events of the Jingo-keiun era
28 August 770 (Jingo-keiun 4, 4th day of the 8th month): In the 5th year of Shōtoku's reign, the empress died; and she named Prince Shirakabe as her heir.
The succession (senso) was received and soon after, Emperor Kōnin is said to have accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).
The Jingō-kaihō' was a copper coin issued from 765 to 796.
It had a diameter of about 23 mm and a weight of between 3.4 and 4.5 grams.
760s establishments in Japan
770 disestablishments
767 establishments
The maps of Japan and Inaba Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Ube jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Inaba.
The province had borders with Aki, Bingo, Izumo, Nagato, and Suō provinces.
In the Heian period, the capital city of the province was Hamada.
In the Edo period, silver was discovered and mined.