the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The word "cherry" itself comes from the Norman cherise.
According to Maerz and Paul in their Dictionary of Color, the first recorded use of cerise as a color name in English was in 1858.
However, it was used at least as early as 1846 in a book of crochet patterns.
In the 1950s, a popular brand of colored pencils, Venus Paradise, had a colored pencil called Hollywood cerise .
Before being renamed "Hollywood cerise" in the 1940s, the color had before that, since 1922, been known simply as Hollywood.
Meaning of cerise
The color cerise represents partying and glamor, especially the color Hollywood cerise, shown below, which represents the glamor of Hollywood.
Cerise is a vivid, happy, fun color that is popular for women’s lipstick, women’s clothing in general, and men’s casual shirts.
Tones of cerise color comparison chart
or   is part of the Japanese football club system.
In 2013, the J2 teams are:
Mito Hollyhock
Thespa Kusatsu
J. League Division 1
http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/tv/sportsjapan/archives201209110600.html
1999 establishments in Japan
The  also known as simply the JFL is the 4th tier of the Japanese association football league system, positioned beneath three divisions of the J.League, and is the top tier of amateur football in the country.
JFL has 18 amateur or semi-professional clubs which mirror the system of teams and athletes of the J-League.
Promotion from JFL to the J-League is possible, but not automatic.
The JFL has 17 teams.
In 2012, the teams are:
Hoyo A.C. Elan Oita
MIO Biwako Kusatsu
F.C. Ryūkyū
Sagawa Printing S.C.
Sagawa Shiga F.C.
Tochigi Uva F.C.
Yokogawa Musashino F.C.
Yokohama Sports and Culture Club
J. League Division 2
Japan Football League website
is a Japanese professional football club in Osaka.
1980-1992 Matsushita Electric SC
1992-present Gamba Osaka
Japan Soccer League Division 2 : (1)
J1 League : (2)
J2 League : (1)
J.League Cup : (2)
Emperor's Cup : (4)
AFC Champions League : (1)
2011 : J1 League - 3rd
2012 : J1 League - 17th
2013 : J2 League - 1st
2014 : J1 League - Champions
2015 : J1 League - 2nd
2016 : J1 League - 4th
2017 : J1 League - 10th
2018 : J1 League - 9th
2019 : J1 League - 7th
2020 : J1 League - 2nd
Notable achievements
In 2010,  Rafinha made three goals in one game for Gamba Osaka against Kawasaki Frontale.
http://www.gamba-osaka.net/en/index.html ;
J.League Club Guide
Japanese football clubs
is a Japanese professional football club in Ichihara and Chiba.
The team is also known as  or .
1946-1992 Furukawa Electric SC
1992-2004 JEF United Ichihara
2005-present JEF United Chiba
Japan Soccer League: 2
1976, 1985/86
2011 : J2 League - 6th
2012 : J2 League - 5th
2013 : J2 League - 5th
2014 : J2 League - 3rd
2015 : J2 League - 9th
2016 : J2 League - 11th
2017 : J2 League - 6th
2018 : J2 League - 14th
2019 : J2 League - 17th
2020 : J2 League - 14th
Reserve team
http://www.so-net.ne.jp/JEFUNITED/
is a Japanese professional football club in Kashima.
1947-1992 Sumitomo Metal SC
1992-present Kashima Antlers
Japan Soccer League Second Division : 2
1984, 1986/87
J1 League : 8
2011 : J1 League - 6th
2012 : J1 League - 11th
2013 : J1 League - 5th
2014 : J1 League - 3rd
2015 : J1 League - 5th
2016 : J1 League - Champions
2017 : J1 League - 2nd
2018 : J1 League - 3rd
2019 : J1 League - 3rd
2020 : J1 League - 5th
Notable achievement
In 2010,  Marquinhos (Marcos Gomes de Araujo) made three goals in one game against Omiya Ardija.
Kashima Antlers website
is a Japanese professional football club in Iwata.
1970-1993 Yamaha Motors SC
1994-present Júbilo Iwata
Japan Soccer League Division 1 : 1
Japan Soccer League Division 2 : 1
Japan Football League : 1
J1 League : 3
2011 : J1 League - 8th
2012 : J1 League - 12th
2013 : J1 League - 17th
2014 : J2 League - 4th
2015 : J2 League - 2nd
2016 : J1 League - 13th
2017 : J1 League - 6th
2018 : J1 League - 16th
2019 : J1 League - 18th
2020 : J2 League - 6th
Júbilo Iwata website
is a Japanese professional football club in Kashiwa, which is about an hour northeast of Tokyo in Chiba Prefecture.
1940-1992 Hitachi SC
1993-present Kashiwa Reysol
J2 League : 1
2011 : J1 League - Champions
2012 : J1 League - 6th
2013 : J1 League - 10th
2014 : J1 League - 4th
2015 : J1 League - 10th
2016 : J1 League - 8th
2017 : J1 League - 4th
2018 : J1 League - 17th
2019 : J2 League - 1st
2020 : J1 League - 7th
Kashiwa Reysol website  ; http://www.reysol.co.jp/main.php
1957-1993 Yanmar Diesel SC
1994-present Cerezo Osaka
Japan Soccer League : 4
2011 : J1 League - 12th
2012 : J1 League - 14th
2013 : J1 League - 4th
2014 : J1 League - 17th
2015 : J2 League - 4th
2016 : J2 League - 4th
2017 : J1 League - 3rd
2018 : J1 League - 7th
2019 : J1 League - 5th
2020 : J1 League - 4th
http://www.cerezo.co.jp/english_top.asp ;
1957 establishments in Asia
is a Japanese professional football club in Hakata ward of Fukuoka.
1982-1993 Chuo Bohan SC
1994 Fujieda Blux
1995 Fukuoka Blux
1996-present Avispa Fukuoka
Japan Football League Division 2 : 1
2011 : J1 League - 17th
2012 : J2 League - 18th
2013 : J2 League - 14th
2014 : J2 League - 16th
2015 : J2 League - 3rd
2016 : J1 League - 18th
2017 : J2 League - 4th
2018 : J2 League - 7th
2019 : J2 League - 16th
2020 : J2 League - 2nd
Avispa Fukuoka website
is a Japanese professional football club in Kyoto Prefecture.
1922-1993 Kyoto Shiko Club
1994-2006 Kyoto Purple Sanga
2007-present Kyoto Sanga FC
J2 League : 2
2011 : J2 League - 7th
2012 : J2 League - 3rd
2013 : J2 League - 3rd
2014 : J2 League - 9th
2015 : J2 League - 17th
2016 : J2 League - 5th
2017 : J2 League - 12th
2018 : J2 League - 19th
2019 : J2 League - 8th
2020 : J2 League - 8th
is a Japanese professional football club in Hiroshima.
The club is in the Japanese professional soccer league (J league).
The club color is purple.
1938-1980 Toyo Industries SC
1981-1992 Mazda SC
1992-present Sanfrecce Hiroshima
Japan Soccer League : 5
2011 : J1 League - 7th
2012 : J1 League - Champions
2013 : J1 League - Champions
2014 : J1 League - 8th
2015 : J1 League - Champions
2016 : J1 League - 6th
2017 : J1 League - 15th
2018 : J1 League - 2nd
2019 : J1 League - 6th
2020 : J1 League - 8th
In 2006, Hisato Sato set a league record for the fastest goal in a match.
In a game against Cerezo Osaka, he scored in just eight seconds after play began.
Sanfrecce Hiroshima website
1938 establishments in Asia
is a Japanese professional football club in Hiratsuka.
1968-1974 Towa Real Estate SC
1975-1993 Fujita Industries SC
1994-1999 Bellmare Hiratsuka
2000-present Shonan Bellmare
Japan Soccer League Division 1 : 3
Japan Football League Division 1 : 1
2011 : J2 League - 14th
2012 : J2 League - 2nd
2013 : J1 League - 16th
2014 : J2 League - 1st
2015 : J1 League - 8th
2016 : J1 League - 17th
2017 : J2 League - 1st
2018 : J1 League - 13th
2019 : J1 League - 16th
2020 : J1 League - 18th
Shonan Bellmare website
is a Japanese professional football club at Sapporo in Hokkaido Prefecture on the island of Hokkaido.
1935-1979 Toshiba Horikawa SC
1980-1995 Toshiba SC
1996-2015 Consadole Sapporo
2016-present Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo
Japan Soccer League Division 2 : 2
1979, 1988/89
2011 : J2 League - 3rd
2012 : J1 League - 18th
2013 : J2 League - 8th
2014 : J2 League - 10th
2015 : J2 League - 10th
2016 : J2 League - 1st
2017 : J1 League - 11th
2018 : J1 League - 4th
2019 : J1 League - 10th
2020 : J1 League - 12th
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo website
1935 establishments in Japan
1964-1992 All Nippon Airways SC
1992-1998 Yokohama Flügels
1984 : JSL Division 2 - 2nd
1985/86 : JSL Division 1 - 12th
1986/87 : JSL Division 2 - 11th
1987/88 : JSL Division 2 - 1st
1988/89 : JSL Division 1 - 2nd
1989/90 : JSL Division 1 - 3rd
1990/91 : JSL Division 1 - 7th
1991/92 : JSL Division 1 - 8th
1993 : J1 League - 6th
1994 : J1 League - 7th
1995 : J1 League - 13th
1996 : J1 League - 3rd
1997 : J1 League - 6th
1998 : J1 League - 7th
is a Japanese professional football club in Tokyo.
1935-1998 Tokyo Gas SC
1999-present FC Tokyo
Emperor's Cup : 1
2011 : J2 League - 1st
2012 : J1 League - 10th
2013 : J1 League - 8th
2014 : J1 League - 9th
2015 : J1 League - 4th
2016 : J1 League - 9th
2017 : J1 League - 13th
2018 : J1 League - 6th
2019 : J1 League - 2nd
2020 : J1 League - 6th
FC ; http://www.
Tokyo/   J.League Club Guide
is a Japanese professional football club in Kawasaki, which is south of Tokyo in Kanagawa Prefecture.
1955-1995 Fujitsu SC
1996 Fujitsu Kawasaki SC
1997-present Kawasaki Frontale
2011 : J1 League - 11th
2012 : J1 League - 8th
2013 : J1 League - 3rd
2014 : J1 League - 6th
2015 : J1 League - 6th
2016 : J1 League - 3rd
2017 : J1 League - Champions
2018 : J1 League - Champions
2019 : J1 League - 4th
2020 : J1 League - Champions
In 2010,  Juninho (Carlos Alberto Carvalho dos Anjos Junior) made three goals in one game against Shonan Bellmare; and Jumpei Kusukami scored three times in a game against Gamba Osaka.
Kawasaki Frontale website
Kawasaki Frontale Unofficial English-Language Fan-Site
1969-1992 Yomiuri SC
1992-2000 Verdy Kawasaki
2001-2007 Tokyo Verdy 1969
2008-present Tokyo Verdy
Japan Soccer League Division 1 : 5
1983, 1984, 1986/87, 1990/91, 1991/92
J1 League : 2
2011 : J2 League - 5th
2012 : J2 League - 7th
2013 : J2 League - 13th
2014 : J2 League - 20th
2015 : J2 League - 8th
2016 : J2 League - 18th
2017 : J2 League - 5th
2018 : J2 League - 6th
2019 : J2 League - 13th
2020 : J2 League - 12th
Tokyo Verdy website
1969 establishments in Asia
is a Japanese professional football club in the Urawa ward of Saitama.
1950-1992 Mitsubishi Motors SC
1992-present Urawa Red Diamonds
Japan Soccer League Division 1 : 4
J1 League : 1
2011 : J1 League - 15th
2012 : J1 League - 3rd
2013 : J1 League - 6th
2014 : J1 League - 2nd
2015 : J1 League - 3rd
2016 : J1 League - 2nd
2017 : J1 League - 7th
2018 : J1 League - 5th
2019 : J1 League - 14th
2020 : J1 League - 10th
Urawa Red Diamonds website  ;
is a Japanese professional football club in Yokohama.
1972-1992 Nissan Motors SC
1992-1998 Yokohama Marinos
1999-present Yokohama F. Marinos
Nissan Motors SC
All Japan Senior Cup: (1) 1976
Japan Soccer League Division 1: (2) 1988-89, 1989-90
JSL Cup: (3) 1988, 1989, 1990
Emperor's Cup: (5) 1983, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1991
'Asian Cup Winners Cup: (1) 1991-92
3 vice JSL Cup: 1983, 1985, 1986
4 vice Japan Soccer League Division 1: 1983, 1984, 1990–91, 1991–92
3 vice Japan Soccer League Division 2: 1977, 1978, 1981
1 vice Emperor's Cup: 1990
1 vice Japanese Super Cup: 1984
1 vice Asian Club Championship(AFC Champions League): 1989-90
Yokohama Marinos/Yokohama F. Marinos
J1 League: (3) 1995, 2003, 2004
Emperor's Cup: (1) 1992
J.League Cup: (1) 2001
Asian Cup Winners Cup: (1) 1992-93
2 vice J1 League: 2000, 2002
3 vice Xerox Super Cup: 1996, 2004, 2005
1 vice A3 Nissan Champions Cup(East Asian Champions Cup): 2004
2011 : J1 League - 5th
2012 : J1 League - 4th
2013 : J1 League - 2nd
2014 : J1 League - 7th
2015 : J1 League - 7th
2016 : J1 League - 10th
2017 : J1 League - 5th
2018 : J1 League - 12th
2019 : J1 League - Champions
2020 : J1 League - 9th
Most goals
http://www.f-marinos.com/index_pc.html
is a Japanese professional football club in Ōita on the island of Kyushu.
1994-1998 Oita Trinity
1999-present Oita Trinita
J. League Cup : 1
2011 : J2 League - 12th
2012 : J2 League - 6th
2013 : J1 League - 18th
2014 : J2 League - 7th
2015 : J2 League - 21st
2016 : J3 League - 1st
2017 : J2 League - 9th
2018 : J2 League - 2nd
2019 : J1 League - 9th
2020 : J1 League - 11th
Former position​
http://www.oita-trinita.co.jp/index.php
is a Japanese professional football club in Niigata.
1955-1994 Niigata Eleven
1995-1996 Albireo Niigata
1997-present Albirex Niigata
2011 : J1 League - 14th
2012 : J1 League - 15th
2013 : J1 League - 7th
2014 : J1 League - 12th
2015 : J1 League - 15th
2016 : J1 League - 15th
2017 : J1 League - 17th
2018 : J2 League - 16th
2019 : J2 League - 10th
2020 : J2 League - 11th
Albirex Niigata website
Japan Football League : 2
2011 : J2 League - 18th
2012 : J2 League - 4th
2013 : J2 League - 11th
2014 : J2 League - 11th
2015 : J2 League - 15th
2016 : J2 League - 8th
2017 : J2 League - 10th
2018 : J2 League - 3rd
2019 : J2 League - 2nd
2020 : J1 League - 15th
Yokohama FC website
New Netherland (Dutch: Nieuw-Nederland, Latin: Nova Belgica or Novum Belgium) was a colony of the Dutch Empire from 1614 through 1664 and from 1673 through 1674.
It was a base for the fur trade.
The capital was New Amsterdam, modern-day New York City.
The other important trading post in New Netherland was Fort Orange, now called Albany, New York.
Most settlers lived in these towns or between them, along the Hudson River but some lived in distant parts of the colony.
New Netherland was between English colonies which the Kingdom of England wanted to connect together.
During the Anglo-Dutch Wars England sent warships to conquer New Netherland.
The Dutch colonists surrendered because they were afraid the English Royal Navy would destroy their town.
The Dutch traded the colony to England for Surinam in South America and Run (island) in the East Indies, which they thought were worth more.
The English divided their new colony to make the English colonies of New York and New Jersey.
They also gave parts to Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland.
History of New York City
1664 disestablishments
Disestablishments in the United States
Disestablishments in New York
1673 establishments
1670s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1674 disestablishments
A workstation is a computer used for scientific or technical calculations, or purposes.
These computers are usually expensive, high-end computers.
They are different from the ordinary computers used for text-processing.
Very often they have operating systems that allow several users to work at the computer at the same time.
Very often, workstations are connected to a computer network.
Computer terminals may be used to access them.
Currently, almost all workstations use a unix or unix-like operating system.
Workstation computers often use a 64-bit server-class CPU such as the Intel Xeon or AMD Opteron, and some have more than one CPU.
They may also have more memory than a normal desktop computer, and they often have 10000 or 15000 RPM hard drives or solid-state drives.
Some workstations have devices that are not commonly used on normal desktop computers, such as ECC (error-corrected) memory, SCSI, fibre channel, and 10 gigabit Ethernet.
RISC vs x86
Traditionally, workstations used a RISC processor, such as MIPS, PowerPC, or SPARC architecture CPUs.
Modern workstations use x86_64 processors.
Examples of RISC workstations
Silicon Graphics IRIX machines (MIPS CPU)
Sun Microsystems SparcStation (SPARC CPU)
Apple Power Mac G5 and PowerBook G4 (PowerPC CPU)
IBM IntelliStation POWER and ThinkPad Power Series (PowerPC CPU)
Examples of modern x86_64 workstations
HP Z series
Apple Mac Pro and Macbook Pro
Dell Precision
The X.Org Foundation is a group responsible for making the X Window System.
The group was created on 22 January 2004.
The X.Org Foundation is a corporation based in Delaware.
It has a non-profit status.
The X.Org Server is the most common implementation of X. It is used on Linux, UNIX, and Unix-like systems.
It is the base technology underlying both GNOME and KDE desktops and the CDE desktop environment
X.Org Foundation website
fr:X.Org#Fondation X.Org
Capillaritis is where the capillaries are larger than should be.
It is often talked about in the context of pulmonary capillaritis.
Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a free software distributed operating system.
It was made for research purposes as the successor to UNIX by the Computing Sciences Research Center at Bell Labs during the late 1980s.
Plan 9 is currently used as a hobbyist's operating system, and in certain experimental fields, where the highly distributed nature of the operating system is valued.
Plan 9 has novel features such as the 9P protocol for accessing local and remote resources as files, union mounts, an improved proc file system, and native unicode support throughout the system.
In Plan 9, all system interfaces, including those required for networking and the user interface, are represented through the file system rather than specialized interfaces.
It also has a graphical user interface built in, called rio, in anticipation of the graphical world.
The name Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a reference to the Ed Wood 1959 cult science fiction movie Plan 9 from Outer Space.
Also, Glenda, the Plan 9 Bunny, is presumably a reference to Wood's film Glen or Glenda.
Plan 9 was originally developed for research purposes, as Bell Labs was looking for a replacement for the venerable UNIX.
It underwent mass testing, as all the computers at Bell Labs had Plan 9 installed, in lieu of UNIX, which was commonplace previously.
It explored several modifications to the pre-existing UNIX system, primarily the distributed nature of the system, and the graphical user-interface.
In 1992, Bell Labs released a public version, for universities, and soon after, a version for the general public.
The highly restrictive nature of the licence at the time, and the steep 500$ licencing fee resulted in it being ignored, in lieu of Linux.
When Lucent-Alcatel acquired Bell, in the 1990s, however, funding for the system was slashed, and in 2000, it was released into the world under a FOSSy licence.
In February 2014, Alcatel-Lucent permitted the University of California, Berkeley to release Plan9 under the popular GNU General Public License.
Carnegie Hall is a concert hall in New York.
The money for building it was given by Andrew Carnegie, a very rich businessman from Scotland.
Carnegie Hall was built in 1891.
It is the most famous concert hall in the world.
The Main Hall (Isaac Stern Auditorium)
Carnegie Hall's main auditorium is big enough to seat 2,840 people.
There are five levels.
The main hall was named after the violinist Isaac Stern in 1997.
The Main Hall is very tall, and visitors to the top balcony must climb 105 steps.
For many years the world-famous New York Philharmonic Orchestra gave their concerts there.
They moved out to a new concert hall in the Lincoln Center in 1962.
Many of the greatest performers of classical music have performed in the hall.
Concerts continue to be given there including, more recently, concerts of popular music.
The Recital Hall (Zankel Hall)
Zankel Hall, which seats 599, is now named after Judy and Arthur Zankel.
At first it was simply called Recital Hall, then in 1896 it was renamed Carnegie Lyceum.
It was used by the American Academy of Dramatic Arts from 1898.
In 1959 it was changed into a cinema.
Since 1997 it has been a hall for recitals.
Chamber Music Hall (Weill Recital Hall)
The Weill Recital Hall is a small concert hall seating just 268 people.
Since 1986 it has been named after Sanford I. Weill, the chairman of Carnegie Hall's board, and his wife, Joan.
At first it was called Chamber Music Hall, later Carnegie Chamber Music Hall).
Famous concerts
The official opening night was on May 5, with an orchestral concert conducted by Walter Damrosch and the composer Tchaikovsky.
Many famous works were given their world premiere (first ever performance) at the Carnegie Hall, including Symphony No.
9, opus 95, "From the New World" by Antonín Dvořák on December 16, 1893, the Sinfonia Domestica by Richard Strauss - March 21, 1904, conducted by the composer, Concerto in F by George Gershwin on December 3, 1925, with the composer playing the piano, and Variations on a Theme of Corelli by Sergei Rachmaninoff - November 7, 1931, with the composer playing the piano.
The world premiere of Disney's animated film Fantasia 2000 took place at Carnegie Hall on December 17, 1999.
Concert halls in the United States
Landmarks in Manhattan
The Musikverein in Vienna, Austria is one of the most famous concert halls in the world.
It was opened on 6 January 1870.
The Musikverein is where the world famous Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra perform.
The concert hall was built by the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Society of Friends of Music) who had been given the land by Emperor Franz Joseph.
In 1907 a beautiful organ was put in the Konzerthaus by the Austrian firm of organ builders Rieger.
The main auditorium is called the Goldener Saal (The Golden Hall).
There are seats for 1,744 people and standing room for another 300.
Every year on 1 January the Vienna New Year's Concert is held here.
Millions of people in countries all over the world watch this concert on New Year's Day.
The  New Year Concert of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra is a concert of classical music that takes place each year on the morning of 1 January in Vienna, Austria.
The concert hall where they are held is called the Wiener Musikverein.
The music traditionally consists of waltzes, marches and polkas by the Strauss family.
The concert is shown on television to about one billion people in 44 countries.
Music and setting
The music always includes pieces from the Strauss family (Johann Strauss I, Johann Strauss II, Josef Strauss and Eduard Strauss).
The music consists mainly of waltzes, polkas, mazurkas and marches.
Sometimes other Austrian composers are included.
In 2009, for the first time, music by Josef Haydn was played.
It was the 4th movement of Haydn's Symphony No.
45, known as the "Farewell Symphony".
It was performed because the year 2009 is the 200th anniversary of Haydn's death.
These concerts have been held in the "Großer Saal" (Large Hall) of the Wiener Musikverein since 1939.
Since 1980 the flowers that decorate the concert hall are a gift each year from the city of Sanremo, Liguria, Italy.
On television the viewers can also see ballet dancers who dance to the music.
These dancers are often dancing in Schönbrunn Palace, Schloss Esterházy, the Vienna State Opera or in the Wiener Musikverein itself.
The concert always ends with three encores after the main programme.
The first encore is a fast polka.
The second encore is Johann Strauss II's Blue Danube Waltz.
The audience start to clap as soon as the music for this famous waltz starts.
The last encore is the Radetzky March.
The audience like to clap along to the music.
Clemens Krauss, 1939, 1941–1945, 1948–1954
Josef Krips, 1946–1947
Willi Boskovsky, 1955–1979
Lorin Maazel, 1980–1986, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2005
Herbert von Karajan, 1987
Claudio Abbado, 1988, 1991
Carlos Kleiber, 1989, 1992
Zubin Mehta, 1990, 1995, 1998, 2007
Riccardo Muti, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004
Nikolaus Harnoncourt, 2001, 2003
Seiji Ozawa, 2002
Mariss Jansons, 2006, 2012
Georges Prêtre, 2008, 2010
Daniel Barenboim, 2009
Franz Welser-Möst, 2011
George Enescu (August 19, 1881, Liveni – May 4, 1955, Paris) was a Romanian composer.
He was born in Liveni, Romania.
He studied the violin at the Vienna Conservatory.
He moved to Paris in 1895 to study composition at the Paris Conservatoire with Jules Massenet and then Gabriel Fauré.
Other students at this time were Maurice Ravel and Charles Koechlin.
Romanian composers
The Osservatorio Astrometrico Santa Lucia Stroncone (Santa Lucia Stroncone Astronomical Observatory) is an observatory that studies stars in the sky.
It is in the town of Stroncone, Italy.
It has found lots of asteroids.
German South West Africa (, DSWA) was a German colony in Africa from 1884 through 1915.
It is now Namibia.
From 1891, the capital was Windhoek, the same city as the capital of today's Namibia.
It covered an area of .
This is over one and half times the size of the German Empire at the time.
1915 disestablishments
1910s disestablishments in South Africa
History of Namibia
May 19 — Pope Gregory II becomes the 89th pope.
April 9 — Pope Constantine
July 18 — Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi
December 31 — Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi
The Ender's Game series (sometimes called Enderverse) is a series of books written by Orson Scott Card.
There are 2 major series of the Ender's Game series: the Ender series and the Shadow series.
Ender series
The Ender series includes the books Ender's Game, Speaker for the Dead, Xenocide, and Children of the Mind. "
Ender's Game" used to be a short story, but the author expanded it to make the novel Ender's Game.
Shadow series
The Shadow series (also called the "Bean Quartet") starts with Ender's Shadow, followed by 4 other books about the lives of the people Ender left behind.
Ender's Shadow occurs at the same time and place (Battle School) as Ender's Game does, but instead in the view of Bean rather than Ender.
Shadow of the Hegemon, Shadow Puppets, and Shadow of the Giant are stories about world dominance on Earth after the Bugger War in which the children at Battle School and Ender's older brother, Peter Wiggin, are main characters.
Shadows in Flight, a sequel to Shadow of the Giant, is planned to come out; however, it will start after Children of the Mind, not Shadow of the Giant, and will combine the two Ender's Game series: the Ender series and the Shadow series.
Shadows in Flight has recently been renamed to Shadows Alive.
Stories in the series
There are 11 stories in the Ender's Game series.
According to Orson Scott Card, the author, you do not have to read the books in any required order, except that Xenocide should be read right before Children of the Mind.
"First Meetings" (short story)
A War of Gifts: An Ender Story
Ender in Exile
Shadows in Flight
The Last Shadow
Dates in series
A War of Gifts: An Ender Story (the same time as Ender's Game is happening)
Ender's Shadow (Ender's Game as seen by Bean)
Ender in Exile (begins at the end of Ender's Game and ends after Giant leading into Speaker)
Pula () is the biggest city in Istria County, Croatia.
It has a population of about 62,000 people as of the year 2006.
It has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism.
Its most famous attraction is the well-preserved Roman ampitheatre.
Pula is also an administrative center of Istria since Roman times.
The 1938–39 NHL season was the 22nd season of the National Hockey League (NHL).
The Boston Bruins were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to one in the final series.
Berne is a town in Albany County, New York, United States.
About 2,800 people lived there as of the year 2000.
Town of Berne, official web page.
Towns in New York
Brown University is an American private research university in Providence, Rhode Island, United States and is a member of the Ivy League.
It was founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, early in the reign of King George III (1760–1820) and before American independence from the British Empire.
It was founded by the Brown brothers, who were slave traders.
Brown is the third oldest institution of higher education in New England and seventh oldest in the United States.
Brown is ranked as the 14th national university behind Princeton, Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Stanford, University of Chicago, Duke, MIT, University of Pennsylvania, Caltech, Dartmouth, Johns Hopkins, and Northwestern.
Brown was the first college in the country to accept students of any religion.
18th-century establishments in Rhode Island
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University), is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey.
It was originally chartered as Queen's College in 1766 and is the eighth-oldest college in the United States.
Rutgers was designated The State University of New Jersey by acts of the New Jersey Legislature in 1945 and 1956.
The campuses of Rutgers are in New Brunswick, Piscataway, Newark and Camden.
Rutgers is the largest university within New Jersey's state university system, and it was ranked 46th in the world academically in a 2006 survey conducted by the Institute of Higher Education at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
The university offers more than 100 distinct bachelor, 100 master, and 80 doctoral and professional degree programs across 175 academic departments, 29 degree-granting schools and colleges, 16 of which offer graduate programs of study.
Colleges and universities in New Jersey
The southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius), also known as double-wattled cassowary or two-wattled cassowary, is a large flightless black bird with hard and stiff plumage, two dangling red wattles and a big bony lump on its head called a casque.
It lives in tropical rainforest and feeds mostly on fallen fruit, red nape and two red wattles hanging down its throat.
The big female lays up to five enormous glossy green eggs on the ground.
She then leaves the male bird to sit on them and raise the stripey chicks.
The cassowary is a very rare bird in Australia but also lives in New Guinea.
The Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE) is the second largest provider of higher education in Pennsylvania after the Commonwealth system and a large public university system in the United States.
It is the tenth-largest university system in the United States and 43rd largest in the world.
The system is 14 state-owned schools, all of which are NCAA Division II members.
The Normal School Act of 1857 was passed on the last day of session on 20 May 1857.
It created 12 school districts.
Afterward, the School Code of 1911 made Pennsylvania buy all the schools.
The "normal" schools evolved from state normal schools, to state teacher's colleges, to state colleges.
Act 188, which was signed into law on November 12, 1982 and came into effect on July 1, 1983, established the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education, and converted those state colleges into universities.
Universities and locations
PASSHE universities also operate four branch campuses.
The Office of the Chancellor is in the capital city of Harrisburg at the Dixon University Center.
Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education official website
PASSHE Foundation, Inc.
The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is a parade that happens every Thanksgiving.
It is held in New York City.
It is presented by chain store business Macy's.
It started in 1924.
The parade often includes many balloons, floats, celebrities, songs and more.
It ends with the arrival of Santa Claus, which marks the start of the Christmas and holiday season.
The hosts of The Today Show also host this event by introducing new acts in the parade.
Indiana University of Pennsylvania (or IUP) is a public university in the borough of Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA,  northeast of Pittsburgh.
It is the largest university in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PaSSHE) and is the state's fifth largest university.
It is governed by a local Council of Trustees and the Board of Governors of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education.
IUP has branch campuses at Punxsutawney, Northpointe, and Monroeville.
19th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
Rockville is the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States.
According to the 2007 census update, the city had a total population of 58,706, making it the third largest city in Maryland.
Montgomery County of the U.S. state of Maryland is north of Washington, D.C. and southwest of Baltimore.
It is one of the richest counties in the United States, and has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years old who hold a post-graduate degree.
The county seat and largest municipality is Rockville.
Maryland counties
Of a Revolution, better known as O.A.R., is an American rock band consisting of Marc Roberge (vocals, guitar), Chris Culos (drums, percussion), Richard On (guitar, backing vocals), Benj Gershman (bass guitar), Jerry DePizzo (saxophone, guitar, backing vocals).
The band has a lot of fans in college and many of the band's songs relate to the band members' lives at  Ohio State University (Columbus) and growing up in Rockville, Maryland.
The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is an indoor, electrically-heated grill manufactured by Salton, Inc. George Foreman, a former champion boxer, is the main spokesperson for the grill.
Since its introduction in 1994, over 80 million Foreman grills have been sold.
The company has created many different sizes and designs for the grill since it was first made.
These include "The Champ" which was the first grill produced, a family size grill, and a "Super Large" grill that has 144 inches of grilling space.
There is also a deep fryer and roaster.
A website made an April Fools' Day joke by claiming to sell a USB version of the grill called the "iGrill."
The fake product was advertised as a grill that can be plugged into a computer and turned on by someone on the Internet.
Treacle (Also known as Molasses in the United States (Molasses in the UK refers to treacle not made for humans to eat)) is a type of syrup.
It is made when people are processing the plant sugarcane.
It is used in cooking to make things sweeter.
It is usually dark brown.
Uses for medicine
Doctors used the word treacle to describe a medicine with many ingredients, or medicines that would treat snakebites.
Wells that were thought to have water that would cure people were called "treacle wells".
Bulgarians are a South Slavic people from southeast Europe.
There are around 7.3 million Bulgarian nationals.
The Bulgarians speak the Bulgarian language and most of them live in Bulgaria.
There is also a large diaspora of Bulgarians in Germany, Ukraine, Spain, UK and USA.
The Bulgarian language is a South Slavic language that is very similar to the Macedonian language.
It is spoken by around 9 million people.
There are some notable differences in the Bulgarian language that set it apart from other Slavic languages.
For example, Bulgarian lost almost all of the noun cases.
The language also developed a definite article.
The Bulgarian language is written with the Cyrillic script.
The Cyrillic script was developed in the First Bulgarian Empire, and is now used in 12 other languages.
Bulgarian Orthodoxy has been the prominent religion in Bulgaria since 870 AD.
There are also a small amount of Bulgarians who converted to Islam during Ottoman rule.
The leu is the money that is used in Romania.
The smaller kind of money used is the ban, or bani(plural).
100 bani make up a leu.
Because Romania joined the European Union, they will start using the euro in 2014.
Leu
In computer security, a mandatory access control (MAC) means a type of access control by which the operating system changes the way a subject (e.g. a user or a program) can access or do some sort of action on an object (e.g. a file or folder).
Subjects and objects each have a set of security rules.
Whenever a subject tries to use an object, the operating system kernel looks at these security rules and decides whether the subject can use the object.
Access control is the ability to allow or deny the use of a certain object by a certain person or entity.
Access control machine can be used in managing physical objects (such as a movie theater, to which only people with tickets are allowed in) or digital objects (for example, a private text document on a computer, which only certain users should be able to read).
Because every person’s fingerprint, iris, voice, retina, face, hand, vein and signature are unique, a biometric time clock provides a quick, accurate, and reliable way to record who is accessing an object or place.
That is why many companies now employ biometrics (systems that identify people based on a body part).
In recent times, there are large number of biometric systems that are commercially available.
Such biometric systems are based on unique characteristics of human being.
The most common, reliable and successful system is the one based on fingerprints.
Users are supposed to put their thumb/index finger (or any specified finger) in the finger reader.
The system then compares the fingerprint that is read with the one in the central database for authentication.
Most biometric systems do not keep an image of the fingerprint but a template.
A template is basically a number that is calculated based on various characteristics of the fingerprint.
This is done so that persons may not sneak unauthorised images of fingerprints into the database.
When a fingerprint is to be matched, its "template number" is computed and compared with that stored in the database.
Most systems allow for dry, greasy, chaffed and minor cuts on the fingers.
The other biometric systems are based on retina of the eye, palm, photograph or voice pattern recognition.
The palm-based systems take the image of the palm from various angles and compare them.
Linux Security Modules (LSM) is a framework that allows the Linux kernel to support a variety of computer security models while avoiding favoritism toward any single security implementation.
The framework is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License and is standard part of the Linux kernel since Linux version 2.6.
For the movie, see Black Swan (movie).
The black swan (Cygnus atratus) is a large waterbird that mostly breeds in the southeast and southwest areas of Australia.
It is different from other swans because it is mostly black, though its flight feathers are white.
The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is a desktop environment for Unix.
It is based on the Motif widget toolkit.
HP uses CDE as the default desktop manager for OpenVMS which belongs to HP.
This means it will be run without making any changes.
HP-UX - CDE
Solaris - CDE
Tutorial for the CDE
Open Group - CDE
CDE source code repository
The HMHS Britannic was a British passenger ship.
The ship was also used as a war ship and a Royal Mail steamer.
The Britannic was finished on 26 February 1914, for the White Star Line.
It was a sister ship to the Olympic and the RMS Titanic.
The building of the ship was held up when the Titanic sunk, and extra safety items were added to the Britannic.
The start of World War I meant the ship was not used for passenger work.
It was set up as a hospital ship with 3,300 beds.
She sailed to Mudros on the 23 December 1915, to pick up wounded soldiers from Gallipoli.
She continued as a hospital ship until 1916 when it was turned back into a Royal Mail and passenger ship.
Before this latest change was carried out, the ship was called back into war service and went back to Mudros.
On 21 November 1916 the Britannic hit a naval mine in the Kea Channel, off the Greek island of Kea.
The mines had been put there by the German submarine U-73.
A huge explosion tore a hole in the side of the ship which sunk one hour later.
The ship was carrying 1,125 people, and nearly all were saved.
Two lifeboats were struck by the ship's propellers and 30 people were killed.
The German newspapers claimed that the ship had been sunk by a torpedo because it might have been carrying soldiers.
The captain of the U-73 said this was not true, he had only been laying the naval mines.
Ships of the White Star Line
Club 2009/10
Slaven Belupo Koprivnica
Cibalia Vinkovci
Inter Zaprešić
Varteks Varaždin
Croatia Sesvete
Karlovac
Međimurje
1992 : Hajduk Split
1992/93 : Croatia Zagreb
1993/94 : Hajduk Split
1994/95 : Hajduk Split
1995/96 : Croatia Zagreb
1996/97 : Croatia Zagreb
1997/98 : Croatia Zagreb
1998/99 : Croatia Zagreb
1999/00 : Croatia Zagreb
A-League Men, known before the 2021–22 season as the A-League, is an association football (soccer) league which is the top division in Australia and New Zealand.
It was established in 2004 as a replacement to the National Soccer League and started in August 2005.
Unlike professional soccer leagues in most of the rest of the world, A-League Men has what is called a "franchise" system—the same teams play in the league each year, unless a team drops out of the league on its own, or the league decides to add one or more new teams.
This system is normal for pro sports leagues in Australia, as well as in the United States and Canada.
Since the beginning of the league in 2005, fourteen teams have competed in the league with Western United becoming the last club to join the league in the 2019–20 season.
From those fourteen teams, six have taken the title while seven have taken the minor premiership.
The current champion is Melbourne City FC, who defeated Sydney FC in the 2021 Grand Final.
The word "Men" was added to the league name after the 2020–21 season when the country's men's, women's, and youth leagues were brought under the "A-League" brand.
Before A-League Men was founded, the top division of Australian soccer was the National Soccer League which ran between 1977 and 2004.
Former clubs
Gold Coast United (2009–2012)
New Zealand Knights (2005–2007)
North Queensland Fury (2009–2011)
Champions and premiers
A-League Men, like other professional leagues in Australia, crowns its champion at the end of a knockout playoff series involving top teams on the regular-season table.
The final match is called the Grand Final, a term used in several other Australian sports.
The team that finishes on top of the regular-season table is called the "Premiers".
Media sometimes incorrectly call the Premiers the "minor premiers", a term used in other football codes in the country.
Sport in New Zealand
2005 establishments
2000s establishments in Australia
Eredivisie is a football league which is top division in Netherlands.
It was created in 1956.
Before 1956, the teams competed in the Netherlands Football League Championship.
Clubs 2014/15
Football in the Netherlands
1956 establishments in the Netherlands
North American Soccer League (NASL) was a soccer league with teams from the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico.
The league was founded in 2009 and began play in 2011.
It is the second level of the soccer pyramid in both the U.S. and Canada, behind Major League Soccer.
Puerto Rico has its own soccer league, but it plays at a level below the NASL.
2009 establishments
Propositional logic is a formal system in mathematics and logic.
Other names for the system are propositional calculus and sentential calculus.
The system is made of a set of propositions.
Each proposition has a truth value, being either true or false.
Propositions can be represented by capital roman letters such as ,  and , and joined together using logical connectives to make new propositions.
Examples for logical connectives that are used often are logical and (), logical or (), logical if (), logical if and only if () and logical not ().
Propositional logic only looks at the propositions and how they are connected, and does not decompose them.
That way, the proposition All cats are dogs and the earth is a disc is made of two propositions, All cats are dogs, and The Earth is a disc.
These are joined together with the logical connective AND.
There are other logic systems that build on propositional logic.
One of these is predicate logic, which defines logical predicates, and looks at how they can be applied to arguments.
Another system is called modal logic.
It introduces two new junctors: it is possible that and it is necessary that.
If-then statements
A simple logic statement is an implication (statement of the form "If P, then Q").
For example, "If it rains for an hour, then the ground will be wet".
In this example, P ("if it rains for an hour") is the antecedent, and Q ("the ground will be wet") is the consequent.
The consequent must necessarily follow if the antecedent is true.
Therefore, an if-then statement is wholly false if the consequent does not actually follow the antecedent.
An example of this would be, "If a dog ate a whole meal, then it would be starving."
In this case if P were true, Q would be false and the whole statement is false.
Here is a truth table for an if-then statement:
1) "If Q, then P".
In our example, this would mean "If the ground is wet, then it has been raining for an hour".
However, the ground could be wet for other reasons, like if snow has melted or a water main has broken.
2) "If not P, then not Q".
In our example, this would mean "If it has not been raining for an hour, then the ground is not wet".
However, the ground could still be wet for the reasons listed above.
The only correct inference that can be made is "If not Q, then not P".
This means, in our example, "If the ground is not wet, then it has not been raining for an hour".
And/or statements
Another simple logic statement is "P or Q".
For example, "Either I am in Hong Kong or I am in London."
Truth in logic and philosophy
Austrian Bundesliga is a football league which is top division in Austria.
The Bundesliga was founded in 1911 under the name Erste Klasse.
Till the season 1949/50 it was only played with teams from Vienna and Lower Austria.
The official name is now tipp3-Bundesliga powered by T-Mobile (two sponsors of the league)
Football started in Austria around 1890.
In 1924 a professional league started and the champion was called "Austrian Champion", although only teams of the metropolitan area of Vienna played here.
It was the first professional league outside of the United Kingdom.
An amateur league was founded in 1928.
From 1938 till 1945 Austria was occupied by Nazi Germany and there was no Austrian league.
After the Second World War an Austria-wide league was founded in 1948.
The league had different numbers of members (10 to 18) and names (Nationalliga, Bundesliga...).
The player with the record of games is Robert Sara.
He played 581 matches in the league.
Top scorer is Robert Dienst He scored 323 goals in the league matches.
The first champion outside Vienna was LASK Linz in 1964/65.
The highest victory was an 18:0 of Vienna versus Ostbahn IX in the 1945/46 season.
The match with the highest number of visitors was Austria Wien versus LASK with 75 000.
The best average of visitors was 26 500 (Rapid Wien season 1948).
Marc Ziegler, goalkeeper of FC Tirol, was 1085 minutes without goal.
The longest serial victories is reached by Wiener Sportklub with 41 victories, in home matches.
Vienna also reached 41 in a row.
Club 2010/11
Mattersburg
Magna Wiener Neustadt
Club 2011/12
Sturm Graz (Champion)
SV Ried (Cup winner)
F.C. Wacker Innsbruck
FC Admira Wacker Mödling (promoted)
Club 2012/13
Red Bull Salzburg (Cup winner)
WAC (promoted)
Club 2013/14
Austria Wien (Champion)
SV Grödig (promoted)
Club 2014/15
Red Bull Salzburg (Champion) (Cup winner)
SCR Altach (promoted)
Club 2015/16
SCR Altach
SV Mattersburg (promoted)
Club 2016/17
SKN St. Pölten (promoted)
Club 2017/18
WSG Tirol (promoted)
SK Rapid Wien: 	32 (16 nationwide)
FK Austria Wien: 	23 (21 nationwide)
F.C. Red Bull Salzburg: 	15 (3 as SV Austria Salzburg)
FC Tirol Innsbruck: 	10
VfB Admira Wacker Mödling: 	9
First Vienna FC 1894: 	6
Wiener Sportklub: 	3
SK Puntigamer Sturm Graz: 	3
GAK :	1
WAC :	1
LASK Linz: 	1
WAF :	1
FAC :	1
SK Voest Linz :	1
Hakoah Wien :	1 (Hakoah won the first title of a professional league in Austria)
Until the  1949–1950 season, only clubs from Vienna and Lower Austria played in the league.
The BC Lions are a Canadian Football League team from Vancouver, BC.
The Lions play their games at BC Place Stadium.
The Lions play in the CFL West Division.
The Lions were started in 1954 and used to play at Empire Stadium in East Vancouver.
They also played at the Empire Stadium site in 2010 and 2011, in a temporary stadium called Empire Field.
This was necessary because BC Place was closed in those seasons for major renovations.
Name: Named after "The Lions", which are mountain peaks in the Vancouver area.
Started: 1954.
Colours: Orange, Black, and White.
Stadiums: Empire Stadium (1954-82), BC Place Stadium (1983-today), Empire Field (temporary stadium in 2010–11).
Western normal season championships (12): 1963, 1964, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2011.
Grey Cup Appearances (10): 1963, 1964, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1994, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2011.
Grey Cup Wins (6): 1964, 1985, 1994, 2000, 2006, 2011.
Rivals: Saskatchewan Roughriders.
Theme song: "Roar, You Lions, Roar" by Dal Richards and his Orchestra
Sport in British Columbia
1954 establishments in Canada
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite.
TCP is part of the popular "TCP/IP" combination used by the Internet.
The Internet Protocol, or IP, makes sure data on the internet gets to the right place.
Then TCP makes sure the data is put in the right order, and none of it is missing.
TCP also helps to control traffic on the internet so it does not get overloaded.
These protocols, which are kind of like languages that computers use, are designed so that any computer, and any program (such as a Web browser or e-mail client), can use them.
Importance of TCP
TCP makes it easier for computer programs to communicate with each other, typically over a computer network.
When a program wants to send a lot of data, TCP is in charge of dividing the data, sending it through the network, and putting it back together correctly on a different computer.