the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
There had been proposed extensions along Portland Road, up John Finnie Street, West Langlands Street and eventually towards Crosshouse, but by this time, increasing costs and the far more flexible motor bus had made inroads and the trams ceased operation in 1926 during the General Strike.
The council decided not to restart the service and the infrastructure was soon dismantled.
Today the town is served by Kilmarnock railway station.
Kilmarnock has 17 schools; 13 primary and four secondary.
There is also a college in the town, Kilmarnock College, formerly Kilmarnock Technical College.
Kilmarnock Academy
Saint Joseph's R.C. Academy
Grange Academy
James Hamilton Academy
Saint Andrews R.C. Primary
Mount Carmel R.C. Primary
Loanhead Primary
Founded c.1903 at Elmbank Drive.
Around 120 pupils, aged 4-11, are educated under the direction of the headteacher Mrs Smith who succeeded Mrs Jan Cuningham.
Hillhead Primary
Kirkstyle Primary
Fairly new, on top of a Coal Mine at Carron Avenue.
Headteacher Dianne McKinnon who succeeded Elizabeth Devlin after she retired in July.
Bellfield Primary
Shortlees Primary
Silverwood Primary
New Farm Primary
Annanhill Primary
Gargieston Primary
Onthank Primary
The town is host to a football club named Kilmarnock F.C., the oldest professional club in Scotland.
Their home ground is the curiously named Rugby Park.
The reason for the name of the ground is that when founded, the club played both football and rugby.
The club has the largest supporter base of any team outside Scotland's four major cities.
Rugby Park was also one of the first football grounds in Scotland to have floodlights installed.
In recent years the stadium has been modernised, firstly to bring it in line with the all-seating regulations, then rebuilt totally to make a new ground.
It has also hosted international football matches as well as music concerts, the most recent one was when Elton John performed here in June 2005.
Derek Olgavie is also a regular appearance in the Palace Theatre.
There are two golf courses in the town, Annanhill Golf Course and Caprington Golf Course, which has both an 18 hole course and a nine hole course.
Both these courses are council owned and run by East Ayrshire Council.
A leisurely stroll around the town will reveal many fine buildings.
Kilmarnock boasts a large number of listed buildings.
The Dick Institute, opened in April 1901, was severely damaged by fire only eight years after it opened.
Some of the museums collections were lost in the fire.
It reopened two years after the fire in 1911.
The Dick Institute was used as an Auxiliary Hospital in 1917 during World War One.
It is now shared by the Arts and Museums Service, and the Libraries, Registration and Information Service.
The two Art Galleries and three Museum Galleries house permanent and temporary displays of Fine Art, Contemporary Art and Craft, Local and Industrial History and Natural Sciences.
The Lending Library, Audio Library, Junior Library, Reference Library, and Learning Centre are all housed on the ground floor.
The first collection of work by Scottish poet Robert Burns, Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect was published here in 1786.
It was published at the current site of the Burn's Mall, dedicated to his work.
This edition is known as the Kilmarnock Edition.
Two areas of Kilmarnock, Ellerslie and Riccarton, are associated with William Wallace and his father.
Claims have been made that this is the true origin of his birthplace, and recently these have been largely substantiated.
The claim that Wallace was born in Elderslie near Paisley no longer seems tenable.
Ian Deans; notable Scottish-Canadian NDP politician representing Hamilton, Ontario.
William and John Sloane; founders of W. & J. Sloane in New York City.
Margaret McDowall; member of the Scottish swimming team and silver medal winner at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics.
Hugh McIlvanney; sports journalist.
William McIlvanney; writer, born 1936.
Sir John Boyd Orr; biologist, politician and Nobel Peace Prize-winner.
Robert Dunsmuir; Hudson's Bay Company coal miner and then coal baron, richest man in western Canada and builder of Victoria's Craigdarroch Castle; born at Hurlford, southeast of Kilmarnock.
Scottish Canadian comedian Colin Mochrie (of "Whose Line is it Anyway?"
fame) spent the first several years of his life in Kilmarnock (born 1957, emigrated 1964).
Malcolm Wallace; father of Scotland's hero, William Wallace, was born in Riccarton.
Malky McCormick; cartoonist.
Jamie Allan Kerr; master craftsman.
Lindsay McKenzie; actress.
The Very Rev Dr David Lacy; minister of Henderson Church in Kilmarnock and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 2005.
The Rev William Hewitt; Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 2009, born in Kilmarnock.
Doctor William Findlay (pen name George Umber); author.
Des Browne, Baron Browne of Ladyton; former MP, UK defence minister, and Secretary of State for Scotland
John Kelso Hunter (Scottish Painter); Oil Painter and Author in 19th Century.
Alès, France.
Herstal, Belgium.
Joué-lès-Tours, France
Kulmbach, Germany.
Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
Beattie, Frank (1994) Greetings from Kilmarnock, Ochiltree : R. Stenlake,
Beattie, Frank (2003) Kilmarnock Memories, Sutton Publishing,
Brinkhoff, T. (2007) City Population: Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Scotland, Online statistics [accessed 8 July 2007]
Malkin, John (1989) Pictorial History of Kilmarnock, Darvel : Alloway,
Smellie, Thomas (1898) Sketches of Old Kilmarnock, Section II, limited edition of 250 copies, Kilmarnock : Dunlop & Drennan
The History of Kilmarnock by Archibald McKay, 1858
The Lordship and Barony of Kilmarnock
Webcams of the town
2001 census key statistics for Kilmarnock
Falkirk is a town in Scotland.
It is home to Scottish Premier League football club Falkirk F.C.
Towns in Falkirk council area
The Scotsman is a daily newspaper from Scotland, United Kingdom.
It has recently been changed to a compact form, but the Sunday version remains a broadsheet
Scotsman Official Website
BBC Sport is part of the bbc.co.uk website run by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).
It covers all sports from football and rugby to less high-profile sports such as hockey or badminton.
The site includes an discussion board called 606 to allow fans to discuss events and sports-related news.
BBC Sport also covers sporting events on BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC television, e.g. The Olympics.
The Turkish national football team is the national football team of the Republic of Turkey and is worked by the Turkish Football Federation.
They are in association with UEFA.
Turkey has a footballing tradition that has been  bad.
In World Cup competition Turkey has qualified three times for the 1950, 1954, and 2002 editions.
Turkey failed to make an appearance for the 1950 World Cup because they withdrew.
Volkan Demirel, Sinan Bolat, Tolga Zengin
Servet Çetin, Hakan Balta, Gökhan Zan, İsmail Köybaşı, Egemen Korkmaz, Serkan Balcı, Giray Kaçar, Ömer Toprak, Gökhan Gönül
Emre Belözoğlu , Hamit Altıntop, Selçuk İnan, Mehmet Ekici, Arda Turan, Mehmet Topal, Ozan Tufan, Selçuk Şahin, Gökhan Töre, Sabri Sarıoğlu, Yekta Kurtuluş, Mehmet Aurélio
Umut Bulut, Tunay Torun, Burak Yılmaz, Kazım Kazım, Mevlüt Erdinç
Mert Günok, Altay Bayındır, Uğurcan Çakır
Zeki Çelik, Merih Demiral, Çağlar Söyüncü, Umut Meraş, Ozan Kabak, Rıdvan Yılmaz, Kaan Ayhan, Mert Müldür, Caner Erkin, Hasan Ali Kaldırım, Ömer Bayram
Okay Yokuşlu, Ozan Tufan, Dorukhan Toköz, Hakan Çalhanoğlu, Yusuf Yazıcı, Taylan Antalyalı, Orkun Kökçü, Abdülkadir Ömür, İrfan Kahveci, Kerem Aktürkoğlu, Mahmut Tekdemir, Deniz Türüç
Cengiz Ünder, Kenan Karaman, Enes Ünal, Burak Yılmaz , Halil Dervişoğlu, Cenk Tosun
Updated on 16 June 2021
* Players in bold are still active.
Turkish soccer (football) latest news
Official Site of Turkish Football Federation
Turkish Football Statistics
In the club's early years, a wide number of pitches and stadia were used.
In 1885, the site of Brockville Park in Falkirk was leased, and there the club remained until the last day of the 2002-03 season.
Due to Brockville's central location in the town, and the SPL's stringent stadium requirements, the dilapidated Brockville site, home of Falkirk for over 100 years, was no longer suitable for the club's ambitions.
For season 2003-04, the club groundshared with Stenhousemuir at Ochilview stadium on the outskirts of the town.
At the start of 2004-05 they moved into their new purpose built stadium which meets SPL criteria.
The ground currently consists of two stands with a third due to start in the coming months.
As of 9 July 2009
Travelling Bairn
Falkirk BBC My Club page
One F in Falkirk
Falkirk council area
1876 establishments in the United Kingdom
Hampden Park in Glasgow is Scotland's national football stadium.
Its primary use is the home of Queen's Park F.C. and the Scotland national football team.
It is also used for pop concerts and other sporting events.
Hampden was built in 1903, though all signs of the original stadium are long gone.
It is known throughout the world as an iconic home of football and celebrated its centenary on October 31 2003.
The stadium also houses the offices of the Scottish Football Association and the Scottish Professional Football League.
During the 2012 Olympics it also hosted matches during the early stages of the Olympic football tournament.
It has also hosted prestigious sporting events such as the finals of the European Cup (now the UEFA Champions League) and the UEFA Cup.
Hampden was the key stadium of the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
It hosted the athletics during the tournament, Glasgow having been announced as the host city on 9 November 2007.
The stadium
The Scottish Cup Final is played at Hampden annually in May, for the honour of lifting the world's oldest national trophy - the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup, made in 1873.
Queen's Park were the first winners, beating Clydesdale F.C. 2-0 in the 1874 final.
Hampden Park hosted the 1960 European Cup final between Real Madrid and Eintracht Frankfurt, where over 130,000 people watched Real Madrid win 7-3.
The 1976 final was also held at Hampden, when FC Bayern Munich defeated AS Saint-Etienne.
Real Madrid were again victorious when Hampden Park hosted the final of the UEFA Champions League in 2002, defeating Bayer Leverkusen, aided by Zinedine Zidane's legendary "wonder goal".
Hampden Park also hosted the 2007 UEFA Cup Final on May 16 when Sevilla defeated Espanyol to retain the trophy.
It also held famous wins for the Scotland national football team, such as the 1-0 wins over Netherlands in November 2003, and against France in October 2006.
One of the most exciting Scottish Cup Finals in history commenced at Hampden on May 4 2002 as Rangers defeated Celtic 3-2 with a last-minute diving header from Peter Løvenkrands.
Diego Maradona made his international debut at Hampden Park and scored.
Stadium records
1937 - Attendance 149,415 : Scotland v England (British Home Championship) - highest in Europe
1937 - Attendance 146,433 : Celtic v Aberdeen (Scottish Cup Final) - highest for a club match in Europe
1970 - Attendance 136,505 : Celtic v Leeds United (European Cup Semi-Final) - highest for a UEFA competition match
In American football, the Scottish Claymores of NFL Europe played at the stadium between 1998 and 2004 before decamping to Hamburg to become the Hamburg Sea Devils.
The league's championship game, the World Bowl, was held there in 2003.
In that game, the Frankfurt Galaxy beat Rhein Fire.
The stadium has also hosted concerts, and in 2000 was the venue for a boxing card headlined by former world champion Mike Tyson.
Robbie Williams' concert in September 2006 forced the Scottish national team to play their first Euro 2008 qualifier at Celtic Park instead.
Hampden hosted the athletics events at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
Glasgow was announced as the host city on 9th November 2007.
Feodor (Theodore) III Alexeevich of Russia was born on June 9, 1661, and died on May 7, 1682.
He was the Tsar of all Russia between 1676 and 1682.
1661 births
1682 deaths
Lengnau is a municipality in the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Sivasspor is a Turkish football club founded in 1967.
Its stadium, the Sivas 4 Eylül Stadium is in Sivas city.
Sivasspor's colours are red and white.
It is called "Yiğidolar" in Turkey.
Sivasspor became fourth in the Turkey Turkcell Super League 2007/2008 season.
Sivasspor will play first match in Europe with Grbalj team to join Uefa Cup.
Otto Abetz (3 March 1903 in Schwetzingen, Germany – 5 May 1958) was a German diplomat.
In 1931, he became a member of the NSDAP and worked until 1934 as Reichsjugendführer.
He was German ambassador for the Vichy-Government from 1940 to 1944.
After the War he went to prison for 20 years.
He was released from prison in 1954.
He died on 5 May 1958 in an auto accident near Langenfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, on the Cologne-Ruhr autobahn.
Zentner, Christian:"Der Zweite Weltkrieg - Ein Lexikon" Vienna, 2003
The Statute of Labourers was a law created by the English parliament under King Edward III in 1351 about labour shortage.
It was first made known by Sir John Halles.
Text of the statute
Another source of the text
Christine de Pizan, sometimes known as de Pisan, (Venice 1364 – about 1430) was  an Italian French late mediaeval author.
She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy.
She wrote only in her adopted language, Middle French.
She challenged the male-dominated realm of the arts.
She is known as Europe’s first professional woman writer.
She wrote both poetry and prose works.
There were biographies and books of practical advice for women.
She wrote 41 works in her 30-year career from 1399–1429.
She married in 1380 at the age of 15, and was widowed 10 years later.
Her influence spread through all of Europe.
It affected the social life of many Europeans because she gave confidence to women that they could rise beyond what men told them to do.
Some  scholars think this is misreading her intentions.
L'Épistre au Dieu d'amours (1399)
L'Épistre de Othéa a Hector (1399–1400)
Dit de la Rose (1402)
Cent Ballades d'Amant et de Dame, Virelyas, Rondeaux (1402)
Le Chemin de long estude (1403)
Livre de la mutation de fortune (1403)
La Pastoure (1403)
Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V (1404)
Le Livre de la cité des dames (1405)
Le Livre des trois vertus (1405)
L'Avision de Christine (1405)
Livre du corps de policie (1407)
Livre de paix (1413)
Epistre de la prison de vie humaine (1418)
Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc (1429)
1364 births
1420s deaths
Dance of Death (; ; ) is a late-medieval allegory on death: no matter who a person is, the dance of death unites all.
A collection of historical images of the Danse Macabre at Cornell's The Fantastic in Art and Fiction
da:Døden fra Lübeck
Patrick Poivre d'Arvor (born 20 September, 1947 in Reims; known in France as PPDA) is a French journalist.
He has presented the main evening news on French Television since 1987.
He studied political sciences and Slavic languages in Paris.
He is married, and has 5 children; 3 daughters and one son with his wife Véronique, and a son with Claire Chazal.
He had an affair with Chazal (who is also a well-known news presenter in France) in the 1990s.
One of his daughters was anorexic.
She committed suicide, aged 19, in 1995.
She jumped in front of a metro train in Paris.
She left a note: "Thank you for everything, but I do not like life.
I want to be incinerated, and kept in a small box, but not thrown to the sea."
People from Reims
Marcus Paul Davis (born August 24, 1973), nicknamed "The Irish Hand Grenade" (and "The Celtic Warrior" when fighting in Ireland), is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter.
He fights as a welterweight in the UFC and in independent MMA promotions in the United States.
He was a contestant on the Ultimate Fighter 2 on Spike TV.
Marcus David went pro in MMA on August 22, 2003 with a first round TKO of Shaun Gay.
In 2005, Marcus was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter 2.
Coming in with his boxing skills.
Team Irish MMA
Kalamazoo is a large city in the U.S. state of Michigan.
It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County.
As of 2017, the city had a total population of 75,807.
Kalamazoo's name is used in song titles or lyrics to popular songs, because the way it sounds makes it a "great word for a lyric".
Probably the best known was (I've Got a Gal In) Kalamazoo" by the Glenn Miller band with Tex Beneke.
This #1 popular song was written by Mack Gordon and Harry Warren.
It was performed by the band playing the part of the Glenn Miller Orchestra in the 1942 movie Orchestra Wives.
This was nominated: Best Music, Original Song in Academy Awards, Harry Warren (music), Mack Gordon (lyrics).
Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia
City of Kalamazoo
Kalamazoo County Convention & Visitors Bureau
1830s establishments in Michigan Territory
El Gato Negro (in English “The Black Cat”) is the name of two fictional superheroes that appear in comic books published by Azteca Productions.
Created by Richard Dominguez, both characters made their first appearance in El Gato Negro #1.
The current El Gato Negro is Francisco Guerrero, grandson to the original El Gato Negro.
He adopted the superhero identity after his best friend was killed in a brutal murder.
Each El Gato Negro adopts a cat-like emblem, which they display in their costume designs or equipment.
Although Agustin is not from the Silver Age of comics, he is sometimes referred to as “Silver Age El Gato Negro”, because the comic book’s timeline would place him in that era.
Agustin Guerrero
Agustin Guerrero was an American soldier from Texas sent overseas to fight in the Korean War.
Separated from his battalion, Agustin was lost in the harsh jungles.
There he found an exiled Japanese warrior and assassin known as “Nuro Neko” ("黒い猫" - black cat).
Nuro Neko trained the young soldier martial arts and the path of a warrior.
After being rescued and discharged, Agustin returned to Texas to become a masked wrestler.
He adopted the identity of El Gato Negro and his success as a luchador  caused him to have many adventures outside of the wrestling ring before he finally retired in the late '60s.
Francisco Guerrero
The second and current El Gato Negro, Francisco Guerrero is a social worker by day and a vigilante by night.
Francisco became the new El Gato Negro after the murder of his friend.
Despite being liked by the citizens of his community, El Gato Negro is constantly being hunted by local law enforcement.
Azteca Productions
Dominguez Illustrations
Richard Dominguez (born Eufrancio Ricardo Dominguez September 22, 1960 in Dallas, Texas) is an American comic book creator.
He is best known for making the comic book El Gato Negro.
Richard Dominguez was born in Dallas, Texas on September 22, 1960 as the second of seven children.
Dominguez first read comics at the age of six.
He was first interested in art while in high school.
He took classes in Commercial Art and later took Life Drawing classes in community college.
Richard later worked as an intern for art and design studios in the late '80s and early '90s.
Richard made the Azteca Productions company and imprint in 1993.
The first publication was El Gato Negro #1.
Dominguez first got the idea for El Gato Negro in the late '80s.
He originally planned thought of putting the character in a team of superheroes.
Liking the character better on his own, Dominguez left the original project and focused on El Gato Negro.
A lot of the character’s personality and look was inspired by Dominguez’s favorite superheroes like The Spirit, The Crimson Avenger, Daredevil, Nightwing, The Shadow, The Phantom, Zorro and Batman.
The character has been popular since his introduction.
and other media Dominguez is currently looking to make a movie on the character.
Dominguez made his superhero group with the help of friend and writer Michael S. Moore in 1997 in a book called Team Tejas.
Richard stopped publishing his books after 1997 to spend time with his family.
He later came back to publish new El Gato Negro stories in 2004.
Other books he plans on publishing are Lucha Grande Comics, The Acolyte, Demon Hunter, and a revival of Judge Margarito C. Garza's Relampago!
P.A.C.A.S.
The Professional Amigos of Comic Art Society or P.A.C.A.S. was a non-profit organization made by Richard Dominguez with his friends Carlos Saldaña, Jose Martinez, and Fernando Rodriguez in 1995.
The group was made to bring together different artists, comic book and cartoon creators together to help with each other’s projects.
P.A.C.A.S. grew to over 50 members.
Most of them lived in California.
The P.A.C.A.S. group no longer exists but there are rumors of a new one being made.
Only an official website and MySpace page stand in tribute to their effort.
Mission: Impossible II is an American action thriller movie directed by John Woo and produced by Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner.
Mission: Impossible II tells the story of Ethan Hunt, an agent for the "Impossible Missions Force".
Another agent has gone rogue and stolen a virus, so Hunt has to try and get it back.
The movie was released on May 24, 2000 in cinemas, then on November 7, 2000 for video and DVD.
The movie did not get great reviews from critics; it got a 60% score on review website Metacritic.
This movie is a sequel to Mission: Impossible.
It has a sequel called Mission: Impossible III.
2000 thriller movies
2000s action thriller movies
American action thriller movies
Mission: Impossible movies
Movies directed by John Woo
Movies about diseases
Jan Gotlib (Bogumił) Bloch ( or Блох) (July 24, 1836 – January 7, 1902) (, , , ) was a banker from Poland.
He was born in Radom and died in Warsaw.
He donated money to help railways, and studied industrial warfare.
Bloch published a collection of writings called La Guerre Future, translated to Is War Now Impossible?,
in 1898.
The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is an American three-engine medium- to long-range widebody airliner, with two engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer.
The model was a successor to the company's DC-8 for long-range operations, and competed in the same markets as the Airbus A300, Boeing 747, and Lockheed L-1011 Tristar, which has a similar layout to the DC-10.
Production of the DC-10 ended in December 1988 with 386 delivered to airlines and 60 to the U.S. Air Force as air-to-air refueling tankers, designated the KC-10 Extender.
The DC-10 was succeeded by the related McDonnell Douglas MD-11 which entered service in 1990.
Douglas Aircraft began design studies based on its CX-HLS design.
In 1966, American Airlines offered a specification to manufacturers for a widebody aircraft smaller than the Boeing 747 but capable of flying similar long-range routes from airports with shorter runways.
The DC-10 became McDonnell Douglas's first commercial airliner after the merger between McDonnell Aircraft Corporation and Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967.
The DC-10 was first ordered by launch customers American Airlines with 25 orders, and United Airlines with 30 orders and 30 options in 1968.
The DC-10, a series 10 model, made its first flight on August 29, 1970.
Following a flight test program with 929 flights covering 1,551 hours, the DC-10 was awarded a type certificate from the FAA on July 29, 1971  It entered commercial service with American Airlines on August 5, 1971 on a round trip flight between Los Angeles and Chicago.
United Airlines began DC-10 service on August 16, 1971.[6] The DC-10's similarity to the L-1011 in terms of passenger capacity and launch in the same timeframe resulted in a head to head sales competition which affected profitability of the aircraft.
Accidents and Problems
The DC-10 had design flaws and had a poor safety record in its early years.
But later, the design flaws were improved, and the DC-10 became much safer.
The following accidents are some of those which have occurred since 1972.
June 12, 1972 - American Airlines flight 96, bound from Detroit to Buffalo and then to LaGuardia Airport, experienced an explosive decompression in flight.
The cause was a poorly-designed rear cargo door.
The crew managed to land the plane safely back in Detroit.
March 3, 1974 - Turkish Airlines flight 981, bound from Paris to London and carrying 346 passengers and crew, crashed nine minutes after takeoff, killing everyone onboard.
The cause was the same as that of American flight 96.
May 25, 1979 - American Airlines flight 191 crashed during takeoff near O'Hare International Airport while bound for Los Angeles.
All 271 people on board and 2 on the ground were killed; this remains the worst plane crash in America.
Engine No.
1 separated from the plane while on takeoff roll.
The cause of the crash was due to a maintenance error and a design flaw with the engine's pylon.
All DC-10s worldwide were grounded until modifications were made.
Ocean liner is the name given to (usually large) ships that are used to transport people or goods.
These ships travel along given routes; they usually have a schedule.
Usually, ocean liners travel long distances.
The ships used for short distances, for example across a channel,  a lake, or between an island and the coast close by, are called ferries.
Ocean liners are used for transportation.
Cruise ships are different, they are used for pleasure.
The “golden Age” of the ocean liner was the first half of the 20th Century, when ocean liners commonly carried hundreds upon thousands of poor immigrants from Europe to North America, the United States especially.
Hundreds of ocean liners were built during this period.
When WW2 started in 1939, many ocean liners were turned into troop ships, to transport soldiers to Europe and Asia, by both sides.
After the war, most remaining ocean liners were returned to their original owners.
In the second half of the 20th century, ocean liners have been replaced by aircraft more and more.
In the 1950’s, as airplanes like the De Havilland Comet and Boeing 707 were built, ocean liners seemed redundant as jet liners were faster and easier to build than ocean liners.
By the 1980’s, most ocean liners had been retired with only a few outliers staying in service.
The German journalist Karl Brugger described the city in his book The Chronicle of Akakor (1976).
Information about the city is from an interview with Tatunca Nara, a Brazilian Indian.
Tantunca Nara speaks about possible contact with extraterrestrials in the ancient past.
He says these extraterrestrials are believed to have built this mysterious city.
Two similar cities are mentioned in this book - Akanis and Akahim.
Parts of the story from The Chronicle of Akakor were used in the movie Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.
Karl Brugger: Die Chronik von Akakor, Econ Publishers: Düsseldorf, Vienna, 1976
The legend of Akakor
Article about underground secrets of South America
Cities in South America
Fictional locations
The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible or the Mazarin Bible) is a printed version of the Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible that was printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, Germany in the 15th century.
Although it is not the first book to be printed by Gutenberg's new movable type system, it is his major work, and of central importance for the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the "Age of the Printed Book".
It is a very rare and expensive book.
Fewer than 200 were made, and 49 complete or nearly complete ones are known.
It has 1286 pages.
The University of Texas Ransom Center's Gutenberg Bible website including detailed images
Online digital edition
Gutenberg site made by the city of Mainz
A complete list of digitized copies at German Wikipedia
Bibles
Christianity in Germany
15th-century books
Dancing with the Stars is a rhythm game based on the show Dancing with the Stars.
It was released on October 23, 2007 in the United States.
It was later released for Windows computers and mobile phones.
It was made by Zoë Mode with other help from Activision.
PS2 and Wii
Joey McIntyre & Ashly DelGrosso (3rd Place in Season 1)
Stacy Keibler & Tony Dovolani (3rd Place in Season 2)
Lisa Rinna & Louis van Amstel (4th Place in Season 2)
Emmitt Smith & Cheryl Burke (1st Place in Season 3)
Mario Lopez & Karina Smirnoff (2nd Place in Season 3)
Joey Lawrence & Edyta Sliwinska (3rd Place in Season 3)
Monique Coleman & Brian Fortuna (4th Place in Season 3)
Shanna Moakler & Jesse DeSoto (10th Place in Season 3)
Laila Ali & Maksim Chmerkovskiy (3rd Place in Season 4)
On the mobile phone version, the only characters listed are the celebrities.
There are no mentions of their professional partners.
Kelly Monaco (1st Place in Season 1 with Alec Mazo)
John O'Hurley (2nd Place in Season 1 with Charlotte Jorgensen)
Drew Lachey (1st Place in Season 2 with Cheryl Burke)
Stacy Keibler (3rd Place in Season 2 with Tony Dovolani)
Lisa Rinna (4th Place in Season 2 with Louis van Amstel)
Emmitt Smith (1st Place in Season 3 with Cheryl Burke)
Mario Lopez (2nd Place in Season 3 with Karina Smirnoff)
Monique Coleman (4th Place in Season 3 with Jesse DeSoto)
Harry Hamlin (9th Place in Season 3 with Ashly DelGrosso)
Apolo Anton Ohno (1st Place in Season 4 with Julianne Hough)
Joey Fatone (2nd Place in Season 4 with Kym Johnson)
Laila Ali (3rd Place in Season 4 with Maksim Chmerkovskiy)
Billy Ray Cyrus (5th Place in Season 4 with Karina Smirnoff)
John Ratzenberger (6th Place in Season 4 with Edyta Sliwinska)
Heather Mills (7th Place in Season 4 with Jonathan Roberts )
Shandi Finnessey (10th Place in Season 4 with Brian Fortuna)
PC Game
Apolo Anton Ohno (1st Place in Season 4)
Billy Ray Cyrus (5th place in Season 4)
Drew Lachey (1st Place in Season 2)
Emmitt Smith (1st Place in Season 3)
Harry Hamlin (9th place in Season 3)
Joey Fatone (2nd Place in Season 4)
John O'Hurley (2nd Place in Season 1)
John Ratzenberger (6th Place in Season 4)
Kelly Monaco (1st Place in Season 1)
Laila Ali (3rd Place in Season 4)
Lisa Rinna (4th Place in Season 2)
Mario Lopez (2nd Place in Season 3)
Monique Coleman (4th Place in Season 3)
Stacy Keibler (3rd Place in Season 2)
Alec Mazo (Seasons 1, and 4-5)
Ashly DelGrosso (Seasons 1-3, 7)
Brian Fortuna (Season 4)
Charlotte Jorgensen (Season 1)
Cheryl Burke (Seasons 2-6)
Edyta Sliwinska (Seasons 1-6)
Jonathan Roberts (Seasons 1-2, and 4-6)
Julianne Hough (Seasons 4-6)
Karina Smirnoff (Seasons 3-6)
Kym Johnson (Seasons 3-6)
Maksim Chmerkovskiy (Seasons 2-5, 7)
Tony Dovolani (Seasons 2-6)
PS2 & Wii
Cha-Cha-Cha
A sequel, Dancing with the Stars: We Dance! (
or Dancing with the Stars: Get Your Dance On!),
was released October 21, 2008 for Wii and Nintendo DS.
It was made by Activision.
The game features celebrities including Mel B, Apolo Anton Ohno, Joey Fatone and Jennie Garth and new professional dancers including Derek Hough and his sister Julianne Hough.
A fight song is a song that sports fans sing when supporting their favorite team.
They are very popular in the United States.
Many colleges and universities there have fight songs.
In other countries they are sometimes called team songs or team anthems.
It was created in 1947.
In the French language it is called Fédération Mondiale du Jeu de Dames (FMJD).
World Draughts Federation (WDF)
Kenny Florian is an American mixed martial artist with training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Muay Thai.
He was in the first season of The Ultimate Fighter reality show.
He fights as a lightweight for the UFC.
Official Kenny Florian Web Site
Phoenix (mythology), a mythical bird that dies in flames and is reborn from the ashes
Phoenix, Arizona, a large city in the United States
Phoenix (spacecraft), a spacecraft that landed in the north polar region of Mars
Arts, literature, entertainment
Phoenix (comics), a fictional cosmic entity in the Marvel Comics universe, and the associated characters:
"Phoenix", alias of Marvel Comics character Jean Grey
"Phoenix", alias of Marvel Comics character Rachel Grey
Phoenix (manga), a manga by Osamu Tezuka (original Japanese title: Hi no Tori)
Phoenix Ikki, a character from the manga Saint Seiya
Phoenix (movie), a 1998 movie starring  Ray Liotta and Anjelica Huston
The Flight of the Phoenix, a 1964 novel, 1965 movie, and 2004 remake
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (movie), the fifth movie based on the Harry Potter book series
The name assigned by the Nazis to the Stealth bomber airplane in the 1993 movie, The Philadelphia Experiment II
Phoenix (TV series), a 1992-1993 Australian police drama
The Phoenix (2004 TV series), an MBC Korean drama starring Eric Mun
The Phoenix (1982 TV series), a short-lived American science fiction series starring Judson Scott
Phoenix Television, a Hong Kong based television broadcaster
Phoenix (German TV station), a German publicly-funded television station
Phoenix (Star Trek), the name of two fictional spacecraft in the Star Trek universe
Phoenix Foundation, a non-profit think tank and government contractor from TV-series MacGyver.
Later in the series the employer of the eponymous title character.
Phoenix Organization, a semi-scientific, semi-occult group conducting research into near-death experiences in the television series John Doe
Phoenix Nights, a British sitcom
The Phoenix is the fifth Daedalus class battlecruiser in the television series Stargate Atlantis
Phoenix (American Gladiator) Character on the television show American Gladiators.
The Phoenix, a 1999 play written by Morgan Spurlock
de Ave Phoenice, a poem attributed to Lactantius
The Phoenix (novel), a 2000 German historical novel by Henning Boëtius
The Phoenix on the Sword, a Conan the Barbarian story by Robert E. Howard.
The Phoenix and the Turtle, an enigmatic poem by William Shakespeare
Phoenix (novel), a fantasy novel by Stephen Brust
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, a 2003 novel by J.K. Rowling
David and the Phoenix, children's book by Edward Ormondroyd
The Phoenix (play), a 1603-4 play by Thomas Middleton
The Phoenix Nest, a 1593 anthology of poetry with numerous noted contributors
Magazines and journals
The Phoenix (art journal), edited by James Cooney and Henry Miller
The Phoenix (magazine), an Irish news and satire magazine
Phoenix (classics journal), a Canadian classics journal
Phoenix (literary magazine), a Russian samizdat journal published by Yuri Galanskov
Phoenix (Austrian magazine) a neo-Nazi Austrian magazine
The Phoenix (newspaper), a collective name of alternative weekly newspapers in Boston, Massachusetts; Providence, Rhode Island; and Portland, Maine
Loyola Phoenix, a newspaper of Loyola University Chicago
The Phoenix, a student newspaper of Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
The Phoenix, a student conservative journal of Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana
Phoenix Metropolitan Men's Chorus, a singing ensemble representing Phoenix's gay and lesbian population
Phoenix (band), a French pop/rock band
Crippled Black Phoenix, A British post-rock band
Transsylvania Phoenix, a Romanian band
Phoenix Radio, a Greek internet radio station
Phoenix (Grand Funk Railroad album), a 1972 album by Grand Funk Railroad
Phoenix (Labelle album), a 1975 album by Labelle
Phoenix (Dan Fogelberg album), a 1980 album by Dan Fogelberg
The Days of the Phoenix EP, a 2001 album by AFI, and also a song on that album
Phoenix (Pink Turns Blue album), a 2005 album by Pink Turns Blue
The Phoenix (Lyfe Jennings album), a 2006 album by Lyfe Jennings
Phoenix (Agathodaimon album), a 2008 album by Agathodaimon
Phoenix (Asia album), a 2008 album by Asia
Phoenix (Zebrahead album), a 2008 album by Zebrahead
"Phoenix", a song on the 1970 Wishbone Ash album Wishbone Ash
"Phoenix", a song on the 1997 Daft Punk album Homework
"Phoenix", a song on the 2000 Stratovarius album Infinite
"Phoenix", a song on the 2004 The Prodigy album Always Outnumbered, Never Outgunned
"Phoenix" (Decoded Feedback song), a song on the 2003 Decoded Feedback Shockwave (album)
"The Phoenix Effect", a song on the 2007 Delta-S album Voyage to Isis
Phoenix Champ Car Grand Prix, a car race in downtown Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix Coyotes, an NHL hockey team based in Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix Finance, attempted to enter Formula 1 in 2002, after buying some of the assets of the defunct Prost team.
Phoenix Suns, an NBA basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix Mercury, a WNBA basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix International Raceway, a race track in Phoenix, Arizona
Elon Phoenix, the intercollegiate athletic teams for Elon University
Manchester Phoenix, a British ice hockey club playing in the Elite Ice Hockey League
Wellington Phoenix FC, a football (soccer) club from New Zealand which plays in the Australian A-League
Yorkshire Phoenix, the name for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in one-day games
Phoenix Baia Mare, a football club in Romania
Phoenix Racing, a NASCAR team owned by James Finch
Phoenix, a sports festival organised by the Recreation Committee of The National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India
University of Wisconsin-Green Bay (UWGB) Phoenix
Phoenix Cricket Club, a cricket club in Dublin, Ireland
Melbourne Phoenix, an Australian national netball team based in Melbourne, Australia
Video and arcade games
Phoenix, character in the F-Zero video games
Phoenix (arcade game), a 1980 arcade game
Phoenix Wright, title character of a lawyer simulation visual novel game
Fenix (StarCraft), a hero from Starcraft
Marcus Fenix, the main character Gears of War
Phoenix, a fast muscle car in the Grand Theft Auto series
Phoenix International, fictional corporation in James Bond 007: Nightfire
Astronomy and space exploration
Phoenix (constellation), a minor southern constellation
Phoenix Dwarf, a small galaxy
Phoenix (spacecraft), a NASA mission to Mars, launched in 2007
EADS Phoenix, a proposed unmanned European reusable launch vehicle
Project Phoenix (SETI), a search for extraterrestrial intelligence by listening for radio signals
Phoenix (plant), genus of trees within the palm family Arecaceae (including the Date Palm)
Phoenix (chicken), a breed of chicken from Japan
Phoenix AG, an industrial company based in Hamburg, Germany producing industrial rubber-based products
Phoenix Motorcars, a California-based company that focuses on developing electric vehicles
Phoenix Natural Gas, a utility company in Northern Ireland
Phoenix Pharmahandel, a pharmaceutical company based in Mannheim, Germany
Phoenix Venture Holdings, a British company
Phoenix (automobile), a defunct British automobile company
Phoenix (compiler framework), a framework from Microsoft
Phoenix Object Basic, a software-based objective programming language
Phoenix (computer), an IBM mainframe at Cambridge University
Phoenix Technologies, a BIOS manufacturer
Mozilla Firefox, a web browser that was previously known as Phoenix
Maritime (civil) ships and boats
Phoenix (boat), steamship built 1806-07, the first steamboat to sail the open ocean
Phoenix (ship) or Phenix, a whaling vessel based in Nantucket (1821-1858), discoverer of Winslow Reef
Phoenix (of London), nineteenth century whaling vessel based in London and active in the Pacific in the 1820s, discoverer of Phoenix Island (Rawaki)
USS Phoenix (1861) whaler of New London, sunk in the Stone Fleet, 1861
Phoenix of New Bedford, whaler
Phoenix (Moore), Captain Hugh Moore.
British East India ship, wintered in the Columbia River in 1794
Phoenix (Alaska) the first ship built in the Russian colony of Alaska (1794-1799)
Sao Jao y Fenix, also known as Fenis and St. Joseph, a 50-foot open boat involved in the Vancouver Expedition
Phoenix (tall ship), of Dell Quay
Military, naval and air forces
HMS Phoenix, the name of fifteen ships in the Royal Navy
USS Phoenix, the name of several ships in United States Navy
AIM-54 Phoenix, a long-range air-to-air missile
HMT-302 - United States Marine Corps helicopter squadron known as the Phoenix.
Phoenix breakwaters, components of a Mulberry harbour
Phoenix Program, CIA program in Vietnam to neutralize the noncombatant infrastructure of Viet Cong (VCI) cadres
Phoenix (UAV), an unmanned air vehicle operated by the Royal Artillery
Project Phoenix (South Africa), the name of the South African National Defence Force programme to revive its Reserve Force
Phoenix (mythology), a mythical bird that dies in flames and is reborn from the ashes.
Fenghuang, the Asian phoenix.
Phoenix (Myrmidon), a character in the Iliad who serves under Achilles as one of his commanders; or a different character in Greek mythology, brother of Cadmus and Europa
Phoenix (son of Agenor)
Beth Phoenix, a professional wrestler
Joaquin Phoenix (born 1974), American actor
Lauren Phoenix (born 1979), Canadian pornographic actress
Lena Phoenix, author
River Phoenix (1970–1993), American actor
"Phoenix", the handle of Nahshon Even-Chaim (born 1971), convicted Australian computer hacker
"The Phoenix", an alias for professional wrestler Jody Fleisch (born 1980)
"Phoenix", the stage name of Dave Farrell, bass guitarist in Linkin Park
Simon Phoenix, a fictional character in the film Demolition Man
Phoenix, Mauritius, a town on Mauritius
Phoenix Islands, a sparsely populated island chain in Kiribati
Phoenix Park in Dublin, Ireland
Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto
Phoenix Cinema, the oldest continuously-running cinema in London
Phoenix, Maryland
Phoenix, Michigan
Phoenix, New York
Phoenixville, Pennsylvania
Phenix City, Alabama (note spelling)
Phénix, a prototype fast breeder nuclear reactor in France
Phoenix Patrol Challenge, the national scoutcraft competition of Scouting Ireland
Phoenix Project, a Virginia-based nonprofit
Greek phoenix, first modern Greek currency
Order of the Phoenix (Greek order), a modern Greek order
Bristol Phoenix, a diesel-powered aircraft engine
Phoenix (roller coaster), a roller coaster in Knoebels amusement park in Elysburg, Pennsylvania
Phoenix LRT Station, a Singaporean Light-rail (LRT) station operated by SMRT
University of Phoenix, a university in the United States of America
Phoenix Lights, one of the most witnessed UFO sightings ever
La Fenice or "The Phoenix", a famous opera house in Venice, Italy
Phoenix codes, police radio shorthand
Chrysler Phoenix engine, an upcoming V6 engines family planned at Chrysler for 2010
Pontiac Phoenix, American automobile
The Phoenix Sorority, New York City Fellowship organization for young women
PHOENIX Pharmahandel, a German pharmaceutical company.
This article is about the mathematician Marie-Sophie Germain.
For the number theory (set, or predicate), see Sophie Germain prime.
Marie-Sophie Germain (April 1, 1776 – June 27, 1831) was a French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher who made important contributions to differential geometry and number theory.
She was born in 1776 in an era of revolution.
In the year of her birth, 1776, the American Revolution began.
In many ways Sophie embodied the spirit of revolution into which she was born.
She was a middle-class female who went against the wishes of her family and the social prejudices of the time to become a highly recognized mathematician.
Like the member of a revolution, her life was full of perseverance and hard work.
It took a long time for her to be recognized and appreciated for her contributions to the field of mathematics, but she did not give up.
Even today, it is felt that she was never given as much credit as she was due for the contributions she made in number theory and mathematical physics because she was a woman.
Sophie Germain was born in Paris.
As we have mentioned before, her family was quite wealthy.
Her father was a merchant and later became director of the Bank of France.
Sophie's interest in mathematics began during the French Revolution when she was 13 years old and confined to her home due to the danger caused by revolts in Paris.
She initially received opposition from her parents and also the difficulties presented by the society for females to study.
However, she had the opportunity to learn from books in her father’s library, so she spent a great deal of time in there.
She read important scientists and one day she ran across a book in which the legend of Archimedes' death was recounted.
This legend has it that during the invasion of his city by the Romans Archimedes was so engrossed in the study of a geometric figure in the sand that he failed to respond to the questioning of a Roman soldier.
As a result, he was speared to death.
This sparked Sophie's interest.
If someone could be so engrossed in a problem as to ignore a soldier and then die for it, the subject must be interesting.
Thus, she began her study of mathematics.
Sophie began teaching herself mathematics and other topics using the books in her father's library.
But her parents felt that her interest was inappropriate for a female (the common belief of the middle-class in the 19th century), and they did all they could to discourage her.
She began studying at night to escape them, but they went to such measures as taking away her clothes once she was in bed and depriving her of heat and light to make her stay in her bed at night instead of studying.
However, their efforts failed.
She would wrap herself in quilts and use candles she had hidden in order to study at night.
and they realized that Sophie's passion for mathematics was "incurable," and they let her learn.
Thus, Sophie spent the years of the Reign of Terror studying differential calculus without the aid of a tutor.
She was self-taught.
Work, and correspondences
In 1794, when Sophie was 18, the Ecole Polytechnique was founded in Paris.
It was an academy to train mathematicians and scientists for the country, but women were not allowed to enroll.
Nevertheless, Sophie was able to obtain the lecture notes for several of the courses and study from them.
This gave her the opportunity to learn from many of the prominent mathematicians of those days.
Sophie was particularly interested in the teachings of Joseph Louis Lagrange.
Under the pseudonym of M. LeBlanc (a former student of Lagrange's), she submitted a paper on analysis to Lagrange at the end of the term.
He was quite impressed with the work and wanted to meet the student who had written it.
He was amazed that the author of the work was actually a female; he recognized her abilities and became her mentor.
With a male to introduce her, Sophie could enter the circle of scientists and mathematicians that she never before could.
Up until this point not only had her gender been a hindrance to her, but her social status had been too, because she was not an aristocratic woman but one of the middle class.
Lagrange certainly made his colleagues aware that Germain was a girl with mathematical talent and several of them wrote to her; for instance, Monge.
But not everyone treated her with the respect she deserved.
One case was Jérôme Lalande.
She started to talk to him about Laplace's Exposition du système du monde.
Lalande told her that she should not be reading such works, rather she should be reading the second edition of his book Astronomie des dames.
This "astronomy for ladies" does not contain a single mathematical equation and Germain felt insulted by his suggestion.
Lalande sent her a letter of apology but she never forgave him.
However, Germain’s most famous correspondence began in 1804 with the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss.
She was intrigued with his work in number theory and sent him some of the results of her work.
Again, she used her pseudonym to disguise her true identity; she feared being ignored because of being a woman.
It was not until 1807 that Gauss found out who M. LeBlanc truly was.
He was thrilled to find that his "pen pal" was a very gifted woman.
Gauss was amazed for seeing that all the excellent that he could find in the interchange of letters and discussions came from a female, considered the weak gender.
He was not bothered but pleased.
At about this time, in 1808, the French Academy of Sciences announced a contest to explain the "underlying mathematical law" of a German physicist's study on the vibration of elastic surfaces.
Sophie was fascinated and set out to explain the law underlying Chladni's study.
The Academy set a two-year deadline, and in 1811 Sophie submitted the only entry in the contest.
Her lack of formal education was evident in the anonymous paper she submitted, and thus she was not awarded the prize.
Lagrange corrected her errors and two years later she again entered the contest which had been extended.
She received honorable mention this time.
It was in 1816, when she entered for the third time and won with her paper Memoir on the Vibrations of Elastic Plates.
After winning the contest, Sophie continued her work on the theory of elasticity publishing several more memoirs.