the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The moat was built by Richard I, using water diverted from the River Thames.
The Tower had many uses.
Its main function was to protect Norman rule in the years after the conquest.
It was a prison, and a place of execution.
Today, the Crown Jewels are kept there.
This is the collection of jewels owned by the British state, and sometimes worn by the monarch.
There is also a museum of armour.
Only the most important people were executed (by axe) inside the Tower of London.
Among the most famous were:
George, Duke of Clarence (1478)
Anne Boleyn, Queen of England (1536) wife of King Henry VIII
Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex (1540)
Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury (1541)
Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford (1542)
Catherine Howard, Queen of England (1542), wife of King Henry VIII
Lady Jane Grey (1554)
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (1601)
The Tower of London has a collection of ravens, large black birds of the Crow family.
They are taken care of by the staff who work there.
The ravens' wing feathers are kept short so they cannot fly away.
This is because a legend (story) says that if the ravens leave the Tower, the Tower and the Kingdom will fall.
Escape attempts
Ranulf Flambard: 1100, successfully escaped.
Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth: 1244, fell from the tower and died during escape attempt.
Tower of London website
London, Tower of
Buildings and structures in London
Royal residences in the United Kingdom
Towers in the United Kingdom
Anne Boleyn (1501 or 1507 – 19 May 1536) was the second wife of King Henry VIII of England and queen consort from 1533 until 1536.
She was the mother of Elizabeth I of England.
Anne has been called "the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had."
It was because of Anne Boleyn that Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon, and became independent from the Roman Catholic Church.
After she was falsely accused of adultery, incest and high treason, she was executed.
Personality and appearance
There were many different opinions of Anne Boleyn's beauty.
The Venetian diarist Marino Sanuto described Anne as "not one of the handsomest women in the world; she is of middling stature, swarthy complexion, long neck, wide mouth, bosom not much raised ... eyes, which are black and beautiful".
Simon Grynée wrote to Martin Bucer in September 1531 that Anne was "young, good-looking, of a rather dark complexion".
Lancelot de Carles called her "beautiful" with a good figure.
A Venetian in Paris in 1528 also said that she was beautiful.
The most well-known description of Anne was written by the Catholic Nicholas Sanders in 1586.
He wrote it several years after Anne died.
Even though this is the most famous, it is also probably the least correct description. "
Anne Boleyn," he said, "was rather tall ... with black hair, and an oval face of a sallow complexion, as if troubled with jaundice.
She had a projecting tooth under the upper lip, and on her right hand six fingers (which historians now say is not true).
There was a large wen under her chin, and therefore to hide its ugliness she wore a high dress covering her throat ... She was handsome to look at, with a pretty mouth."
Sanders said that it was because of Anne that Henry went away from the Catholic Church.
Sanders' words about Anne made what Eric Ives called the "monster legend" of Anne Boleyn.
Anne was also a good dancer.
William Forrest, who wrote a modern poem about Catherine of Aragon, praised Anne's dancing.
He said she had "passing excellent" skill as a dancer. "
Here", he wrote, "was [a] fresh young damsel, that could trip and go."
Little is known for certain about Anne's early life, beginning with the date and location of her birth.
She was born in either 1501 or 1507, as one source says she was 20 upon her return from France in 1521, and another that she was not yet 29 at the time of her death in 1536.
The location was either Blickling Hall in Norfolk or Hever Castle in Kent.
She was the daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn, a courtier and later a diplomat, and his wife Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of the Duke of Norfolk.
She had two siblings; a sister Mary and a brother George.
Anne's early education was the same for girls of her class.
Her academic education was limited to arithmetic, her family genealogy, grammar, history, reading, and writing.
She had been given a strong upbringing in religion and the Scriptures as the Boleyns were a family of firm religious beliefs.
Anne developed domestic skills such as dancing, embroidery, good manners and morals, household management, music, needlework, and singing and excelled in playing several musical instruments including the block flute, the harp, the lute, and the virginals.
She learned to play games such as, cards, chess, and dice and outdoor pursuits such as archery, falconry, horseback riding, and hunting.
Anne was also taught to have obedience to the men in her life was which first  to her father and then to her husband once she was married.
In 1513, she was sent to Margaret of Austria's royal court in the Netherlands to complete her education.
Anne learned to speak French and studied art, culture, dance, literature, music, and poetry while she was there.
The following year, she was transferred to the French court on the occasion of the marriage of Princess Mary Tudor, younger sister of King Henry VIII, to the French King Louis XII.
Anne remained in France after the death of Louis XII and served as a lady-in-waiting to Queen Claude upon the accession of Francis I. In Queen Claude's household, Anne completed her study of French and developed a  thorough knowledge of French culture and etiquette.
As well as English, French, and some Italian, Anne demonstrated a working knowledge of Latin.
She also developed an interest in fashion and religious philosophy that called for reform of the Church.
Anne stayed in France until late winter 1521.
Return to England
Anne was called back to England to marry a distant cousin James Butler, in the hope to settle an inheritance dispute over the Earldom of Ormond.
However, when the plan failed, Thomas Boleyn found a place for his daughter at the English court, as lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine.
There, Anne fell in love with Sir Henry Percy, who was the eldest son of the Earl of Northumberland, and they became secretly engaged to be married much to the displeasure of their respective families.
Cardinal Wolsey ordered them to be separated.
Anne was sent home to Hever Castle and Henry Percy was forced to marry Lady Mary Talbot, the daughter of Edward Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury.
Anne blamed Cardinal Wolsey for her lost love and was determined to have her revenge on him, because he had called her a "foolish girl".
Royal love affair
Anne came back to the royal court and soon King Henry fell passionately in love with her.
He wanted her to become his mistress, however she categorically refused, which made Henry's desire for her even greater.
King Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon had produced only one daughter, Princess Mary, not thought suitable to rule the country after his death.
Henry needed a son to succeed him and to secure the Tudor dynasty, but Catherine was now too old to have children.
Henry then came to see Anne as the answer to the problem of the succession, and decided to divorce Catherine, so that he could marry Anne instead and have male heirs.
He said that the marriage was not valid because Catherine had been married to his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales before she had married Henry.
Arthur had died a few months after the marriage at the age of fifteen, and a special dispensation from the Pope on the ground the marriage had never been consummated was issued so Catherine could marry Henry and the alliance between Spain and England would be kept.
King Henry now thought that their marriage should not have been allowed in the first place and that they had been punished by not having any sons.
He quoted a verse from the Bible that said "a man may not marry his brother's wife".
He said he was doing what he thought was right, even though he still loved Catherine, but his conscience would not allow him to continue living in sin with her.
The plans for the divorce caused a lot of gossip at court and abroad and became known as the "King's Great Matter".
A special court was held, with Wolsey leading it, to decide if the divorce should be allowed.
An official from the Pope in Rome was brought over and a trial was held.
The official stated that he could not decide what to do.
He wanted the Pope to decide instead.
The Pope was fearful to offend Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, nephew of Catherine, and what would happen if he allowed the divorce.
He did not make a decision.
In the meantime, Anne and King Henry were becoming more and more impatient.
After becoming Marquess of Pembroke in her own right, Anne felt secure enough and finally gave in to Henry in late 1532 and soon became pregnant.
In order to have a legitimate heir to the throne, this meant that Anne and Henry needed to legalize their union quickly and therefore were secretly married on January 25, 1533, even though the divorce had not come through.
No longer hoping for the Pope to grant him a divorce, Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was declared illegal in the following May by the newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, former chaplain of the Boleyns.
Catherine was sent away from court with the title of Dowager Princess of Wales as if she had never been married to Henry.
Now recognized as Henry's legal wife, Anne was formally crowned Queen of England on June 1, 1533.
All that was needed now was the birth of a son and her triumph would be complete.
Anne gave birth to a daughter, the future Elizabeth I of England, on September 7, 1533.
King Henry was very disappointed, after all his troubles, the problem of the succession was still not resolved.
However, Anne soon became pregnant again but that ended in a miscarriage in the summer of 1534.
Henry started to worry that Anne could not give him a healthy male child.
Feeling the king's displeasure, Anne became more and more insecure and ever more difficult and Henry began tiring of her.
The situation only deteriorated when the king began to pay special attention to a lady of the court named Jane Seymour.
Downfall and execution
Henry's new secretary, Thomas Cromwell, looked for a way to get rid of Anne so that Henry could marry again to his mistress Jane Seymour.
He found people who said that Anne had been the lover of other men while she was married to King Henry.
She was put on trial and found guilty of treason, adultery and incest, although she was probably innocent.
The men who were accused of being her lovers were Sir Francis Weston, her musician Mark Smeaton, Sir Henry Norris, William Brereton, and her brother Viscount Rochford George Boleyn.
All of them were condemned and executed.
Anne was executed on 19 May 1536 in the Tower of London, London, England.
She was buried in the Chapel Royal of Saint Peter ad Vincula, within the Tower of London.
Ashley, Mike British Kings & Queens (2002)
Brigden, Susan New Worlds, Lost Worlds (2000)
Elton, G. R. Reform and Reformation.
London: Edward Arnold, 1977.
Fraser, Antonia The Wives of Henry VIII (1992)
Graves, Michael Henry VIII.
London, Pearson Longman, 2003
Haigh, Christopher English Reformations (1993)
Ives, Eric The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn (2004)
Warnicke, Retha M. The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn: Family politics at the court of Henry VIII (1989)
Kings and Queens consort of England
People from Norfolk
1500s births
1536 deaths
Mona Lisa (also known as La Gioconda or La Joconde) is a 16th-century portrait painted in oil by Leonardo da Vinci during the Renaissance in Florence, Italy.
Many people think Mona Lisa's smile is mysterious.
It is so often studied, recognized, and copied that it is the most famous painting .
The Louvre says that about 80 percent of its visitors come to see the painting of Mona Lisa.
According to art experts, the Mona Lisa is the best known, most visited, and overall most famous work of art in the entire world.
Acquired by King Francis I of France, the Mona Lisa is now the property of France.
It is on permanent display in Paris at the Louvre museum.
Millions of visitors come to Paris every year to see the enigmatic smile on Mona Lisa's lips.
Giorgio Vasari, who was Leonardo's first biographer (a person who writes about the life of another person), thought the painting was of a person named Lisa Gherardini.
Speculation over the painting's model was solved in 2008 by Dr Armin Schlechter, a manuscript expert.
Notes discovered in Heidelberg University Library which were written by Agostino Vespucci, a Florentine city official, reinforced Vasari's earlier identification of the model.
Lisa was the wife of Francesco del Giocondo a rich silk merchant, who lived in Florence.
Although the sitter has traditionally been identified as Lisa del Giocondo, a lack of definitive evidence has long fueled alternative theories, including Leonardo's mother Caterina in a distant memory and glorified as the Virgin Mary as the painting’s subject.
According to this theory, at the time that Leonardo painted the portrait of his mother, whom he adored, she was not among the living.
She died in 1495.
The idea is that she was alive in Leonardo's imagination.
Lisa del Giocondo's job was to be the model only.
Leonardo began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503 or 1504 in Florence, Italy.
According to Da Vinci's contemporary, Giorgio Vasari, "...after he had lingered over it four years, left it unfinished....".
The Mona Lisa used to hang in the Chateau Fontainebleau and was then moved to the Palace of Versailles.
After the French Revolution, Napoleon I of France had it hanging in his bedroom in the Tuileries Palace, but it was later moved to the Louvre where it is still hanging today.
On August 21, 1911, the Mona Lisa was stolen.
The Louvre museum thought it was being photographed, but when they checked, it was not there.
The Louvre closed for one week to help look for it.
People thought Guillaume Apollinaire, a French poet, stole it.
He was put into jail, and tried to make people think his friend Pablo Picasso did it, and he was questioned.
It was not either of them, though.
It was lost for two years, and everybody thought it would be lost forever.
A worker at the Louvre, named Vincenzo Peruggia, had actually stolen it.
He had hidden it in his coat and walked out with it after the museum had closed.
He wanted the painting to go back to Italy and be shown in an Italian museum.
After hiding it in his apartment for two years, he grew impatient and tried to sell it to a gallery in Florence, but was caught.
It was shown all over Italy before going back to the Louvre.
People thought Vincenzo was a hero who loved Italy, so he only spent a few months in jail.
Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I
Louvre Mona Lisa.
16th-century paintings
Paintings by Leonardo da Vinci
557 - Constantinople is severely damaged by an earthquake.
1287 – The St. Lucia's flood in the Netherlands kills around 50,000 people.
1542 – Mary, Queen of Scots inherits the throne of Scotland at the age of just 6 days, following the death of her father, King James V of Scotland.
1782 – The Montgolfier brothers' first balloon makes its first test flight.
1812 - Napoleonic Wars: France's invasion of Russia ends.
1814 - War of 1812: The Royal Navy seizes control of Lake Borgne, Louisiana.
1819 – Alabama becomes the 22nd State of the United States.
1836 - The Toledo War, a boundary dispute between Ohio and the Territory of Michigan, unofficially ends.
1861 – Albert, Prince Consort, husband of Queen Victoria, dies aged 42.
Following this, Queen Victoria withdraws from public life, in mourning for Prince Albert.
1896 – The Glasgow Underground Railway opens.
1900 - Max Planck presents a theoretical derivation of his black-body radiation law.
1902 - The first Pacific Ocean telegraph cable is laid from San Francisco to Honolulu.
1907 - Schooner (a type of sailing boat) Thomas W. Lawson runs aground and sinks off the Isles of Scilly in a gale, killing its captain and 15 seamen.
1911 – Roald Amundsen of Norway becomes the first person to reach the South Pole.
1918 – President of Portugal Sidonio Pais is assassinated.
1918 - Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, a German prince elected by the parliament of Finland to become the country's first King, titled Vaino I, resigns without setting foot in Finland, following Germany's defeat in World War I. Finland becomes a republic.
1939 – Winter War: The Soviet Union is expelled from the League of Nations for invading Finland.
1941 – World War II: Japan signs a treaty of alliance with Thailand.
1946 – The United Nations General Assembly votes to base its permanent headquarters in New York City.
1947 - The Santiago Bernabeu Stadium holds its first football match.
It is the home of Real Madrid.
1955 – The UN is joined by Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal, Portugal, Spain and Sri Lanka.
1958 - The 3rd Soviet Antarctica expedition becomes the first to access the Southern Pole of Inaccessibility.
1960 - Convention against Discrimination in Education is adopted by UNESCO
1961 - Tanganyika joins the UN.
1962 – NASA's Mariner 2 becomes the first spacecraft to fly by Venus.
1963 - The dam containing the Baldwin Hills reservoir bursts, killing 5 people and damaging hundreds of homes in Los Angeles, California.
1971 - Bangladesh Liberation War: Over 200 of East Pakistan's intellectuals are executed by the Pakistan army and local allies.
1972 – Eugene Cernan of Apollo 17 becomes the last person to-date to have walked on the Moon.
1981 – Arab-Israeli conflict: Israel extends its area of law into the Golan Heights.
1989 - Patricio Aylwin is elected President of Chile during Chile's return to democracy following the rule of Augusto Pinochet.
1992 - Abkhazia War: A helicopter carrying evacuees from Tkvarcheli is shot down, killing 52 people, including 25 children.
1994 – Construction begins on the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River in China.
1995 – Yugoslav Wars: The Dayton Agreement is signed in Paris.
1999 – Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga join the UN.
1999 – Torrential rains cause flash flooding in Vargas, Venezuela.
2003 - President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf narrowly escapes an assassination attempt.
2004 – In France, the Millau Viaduct, the tallest bridge in the world, is opened to traffic.
2004 - The leaders of Cuba and Venezuela create the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas.
2008 – Muntadhar al-Zaidi almost strikes US President George W. Bush with two shoes, as a form of protest, at a news conference in Baghdad.
This was Bush's last visit to Iraq as President.
2012 - Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting: 20-year-old Adam Lanza shoots and kills his mother at his home in Newtown, Connecticut, before shooting and killing 20 children and 5 adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School.
He then turns the gun on himself.
2013 - Chinese spacecraft Chang'e 3, carrying the Yutu rover, becomes the first spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon since 1976.
2017 - Walt Disney Co. announces its intention to buy 21st Century Fox for 52 billion US dollars.
2017 - Scientists announce that the star Kepler-90b has the same number of known planets as the Solar System, eight.
1009 – Emperor Go-Suzaku of Japan (d. 1045)
1332 - Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia (d. 1381)
1503 – Nostradamus, French astrologer and mathematician (d. 1566)
1546 – Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer and alchemist (d. 1601)
1607 - Janos Kemeny, Hungarian aristocrat and writer (d. 1662)
1631 - Anne Conway, English philosopher (d. 1679)
1640 – Aphra Behn, English playwright and novelist (d. 1689)
1720 – Justus Möser, German statesman (d. 1794)
1730 - James Bruce, Scottish naturalist and adventurer (d. 1794)
1775 - Philander Chase, American bishop and educator (d. 1852)
1775 - Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, Scottish admiral and adventurer (d. 1860)
1784 – Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily (d. 1806)
1787 – Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este (d. 1816)
1794 - Erastus Corning, American businessman and politician (d. 1872)
1796 - Lilburn Boggs, Governor of Missouri (d. 1860)
1829 - John Mercer Langston, American politician (d. 1897)
1852 - Watson Cheyne, Scottish surgeon and bacteriologist (d. 1932)
1853 - Errico Malatesta, Italian anarchist (d. 1932)
1866 – Roger Fry, English artist and art critic (d. 1934)
1867 - Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason, Icelandic politician, schoolteacher and gymnast, first female member of the Althing (d. 1941)
1870 – Karl Renner, President of Austria (d. 1950)
1875 - Paul Löbe, German politician (d. 1967)
1881 – Katherine MacDonald, American actress and movie producer (d. 1956)
1881 - Howard Valentine, American sprinter (d. 1932)
1883 - Morihei Ueshiba, Japanese martial artist (d. 1969)
1884 - Jane Cowl, American actress and playwright (d. 1950)
1887 - Xul Solar, Argentine painter and sculptor (d. 1963)
1895 – Paul Eluard, French poet (d. 1952)
1895 – King George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952)
1897 – Jimmy Doolittle, American general (d. 1993)
1897 – Kurt Schuschnigg, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1977)
1901 – King Paul of Greece (d. 1964)
1902 - Frances Bavier, American actress (d. 1989)
1902 – Herbert Feigl, Austrian philosopher (d. 1988)
1908 - Morey Amsterdam, American comedian and actor (d. 1996)
1908 - Claude Davey, Welsh rugby player (d. 2001)
1909 – Edward Tatum, American geneticist (d. 1975)
1911 – Spike Jones, American comedian and musician (d. 1965)
1911 - Hans von Ohain, German-American engineer (d. 1998)
1914 – Karl Carstens, President of Germany (d. 1992)
1914 - Nam Phuong, Empress of Vietnam (d. 1963)
1914 – Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichordist (d. 2003)
1915 - Rashid Behbudov, Georgian-Russian singer and actor (d. 1969)
1916 - Shirley Jackson, American author (d. 1965)
1917 - Tove Ditlevsen, Danish poet and author (d. 1976)
1918 - James Thomas Aubrey, Jr., American television and movie executive (d. 1994)
1918 - B. K. S. Iyengar, Indian yoga instructor and author (d. 2014)
1920 – Clark Terry, American jazz musician and composer (d. 2015)
1922 – Nikolay Basov, Soviet-Russian physicist (d. 2001)
1922 - Don Hewitt, American television producer (d. 2009)
1924 – Raj Kapoor, Indian actor (d. 1988)
1932 – Charlie Rich, American singer (d. 1995)
1932 - Abbe Lane, American singer and actress
1933 - Hisataka Okamoto, Japanese footballer
1934 - Shyam Benegal, Indian director and screenwriter
1935 – Lewis Arquette, American actor, writer and producer (d. 2001)
1935 - Lee Remick, American actress (d. 1991)
1936 - Robert A. Parker, American astronaut
1937 - Anna Lindblom, Swedish actress and singer
1938 – Leonardo Boff, Brazilian theologian
1939 - Stephen Cook, American computer programmer
1941 - Karan Armstrong, American soprano and actress
1942 - Chris Harris, English actor (d. 2014)
1942 - Dick Wagner, American guitarist, songwriter and author (d. 2014)
1943 - Emmett Tyrrell, American journalist, author and publisher
1943 - Britt Allcroft, English filmmaker
1946 – Sanjay Gandhi, Indian politician (d. 1980)
1946 – Stan Smith, American tennis player
1946 - Patty Duke, American actress (d. 2016)
1946 - Ruth Fuchs, German javelin thrower and politician
1946 - Peter Lorimer, Scottish footballer
1947 – Dilma Rousseff, former President of Brazil
1948 - Kim Beazley, Australian politician and diplomat
1949 – Cliff Williams, British musician (AC/DC)
1950 - Christiane Krause, German athlete
1953 - Vangelis Meimarakis, Greek lawyer and politician
1953 - Vijay Amritraj, Indian tennis player, actor and businessman
1954 - James Horan, American actor
1954 - Steve MacLean, Canadian astronaut
1956 - Linda Fabiani, Scottish politician
1958 – Mike Scott, Scottish musician and singer-songwriter (The Waterboys)
1958 – Spider Stacy, British musician (The Pogues)
1959 - Jorge Vaca, Mexican boxer
1960 – Chris Waddle, English footballer
1960 - Don Franklin, American actor
1960 - James Comey, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
1961 - Jeff Robinson, American baseball player (d. 2014)
1962 - Bela B, German musician
1964 - Rebecca Gibney, New Zealand-born Australian actress
1965 - Ted Raimi, American actor
1966 – Helle Thorning-Schmidt, former Prime Minister of Denmark
1966 - Anthony Mason, American basketball player (d. 2015)
1967 - Hanne Haugland, Norwegian ski jumper
1969 - Greg Hemphill, Scottish actor, comedian and writer
1969 - Archie Kao, American actor and producer
1969 – Natascha McElhone, English actress
1970 - Anna Maria Jopek, Polish singer-songwriter, pianist and producer
1972 – Miranda Hart, English comedienne
1975 – Andrés Scotti, Uruguayan footballer
1976 – Petter Hansson, Swedish footballer
1977 – Jamie Peacock, English Rugby League player
1978 – Patty Schnyder, Swiss tennis player
1979 – Michael Owen, English footballer
1979 – Jean-Alain Boumsong, French footballer
1979 - Sophie Monk, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actress
1980 – Didier Zokora, Ivorian footballer
1980 - Samuel Aiken, American football player
1981 – Liam Lawrence, Irish footballer
1982 – Steve Sidwell, English footballer
1983 - Leanne Mitchell, English singer-songwriter
1984 - Chadli Amri, Algerian footballer
1984 - Chris Brunt, Irish footballer
1984 - Jackson Rathbone, American actor and musician
1985 - Nonami Takizawa, Japanese actress and singer
1985 – Jakub Blaszczykowski, Polish footballer
1985 – Chris Czekaj, Welsh rugby player
1986 - Jang Jae-Ho, South Korean professional gamer
1988 – Vanessa Hudgens, American singer and actress
1988 - Nicolas Batum, French basketball player
1988 - Hayato Sakamoto, Japanese baseball player
1989 - Onew, South Korean singer
1989 - Pedro Roberto Silva Botelho, Brazilian footballer
1991 - Samantha Paszek, American gymnast
1992 - Ryo Miyaichi, Japanese footballer
1992 - Tori Kelly, American singer-songwriter
1993 - Thanawat Thirapongpaibon, Thai snooker player
1994 - Jason Lowndes, Australian racing cyclist (d. 2017)
1999 - Karley Scott Collins, American actress
872 - Pope Adrian II (b. 792)
1460 - Guarino de Verona, Italian scholar (b. 1370)
1476 – Vlad III the Impaler, ruler of Transylvania (b. 1430)
1510 - Frederick of Saxony (b. 1473)
1542 – James V, King of Scotland (b. 1512)
1591 – Saint John of the Cross, Spanish friar and poet (b. 1542)
1651 – Pierre Dupuy, French scholar (b. 1582)
1715 - Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1636)
1741 - Charles Rollin, French historian (b. 1661)
1788 - Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, German composer (b. 1714)
1788 – Charles III, King of Spain (b. 1716)
1799 – George Washington, first President of the United States (b. 1732)
1806 – John Breckinridge, American politician (b. 1760)
1860 - George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1784)
1861 – Albert, Prince Consort (b. 1819)
1865 - Johan Georg Forchhammer, Danish geologist and mineralogist (b. 1794)
1873 – Louis Agassiz, Swiss geologist (b. 1807)
1878 – Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (b. 1843)
1902 - Julia Grant, First Lady of the United States (b. 1826)
1912 - Belgrave Edward Sutton Ninnis, English lieutenant and explorer (b. 1887)
1918 – Sidonio Pais, President of Portugal (b. 1872)
1927 - Julian Sochocki, Russian mathematician (b. 1842)
1940 - Anton Korosec, 10th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1872)
1943 – John Harvey Kellogg, American surgeon and breakfast food manufacturer (b. 1852)
1947 – Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)
1947 – Edward Higgins, General, contributor to the Salvation Army (b. 1864)
1953 - Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, American author (b. 1897)
1956 – Juho Kusti Paasikivi, President of Finland (b. 1873)
1963 – Dinah Washington, American singer (b. 1924)
1963 - Erich Ollenhauer, German politician (b. 1901)
1970 - Franz Schlegelberger, German politician (b. 1876)
1974 - Walter Lippmann, American journalist (b. 1889)
1978 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish diplomat (b. 1886)
1984 – Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish writer (b. 1898)
1985 – Roger Maris, American baseball player (b. 1934)
1989 – Andrei Sakharov, Soviet-Russian scientist and activist (b. 1921)
1990 – Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss writer (b. 1921)
1993 – Myrna Loy, American actress (b. 1905)
1994 – Orval Faubus, American politician, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1910)
1997 – Kurt Winter, Canadian musician (b. 1946)
1998 - Norman Fell, American actor (b. 1924)
2001 – W. G. Sebald, German writer (b. 1944)
2006 – Ahmet Ertegun, Turkish-American music executive (b. 1923)
2011 – Boris Chertok, Soviet-Russian rocket scientist and engineer (b. 1912)
2011 - George Whitman, American bookstore owner (b. 1913)
2012 - Kenneth Kendall, British television journalist (b. 1924)
2012 - Adam Lanza, American gunman (b. 1992)
2013 - George Rodrigue, American artist (b. 1944)
2013 - Peter O'Toole, Irish-British actor (b. 1932)
2013 - France Roche, French actress and screenwriter (b. 1921)
2014 - Louis Alphonse Koyagialo, Congolese politician (b. 1947)
2014 - Theo Colborn, American environmentalist and academic (b. 1927)
2014 - Bess Myerson, American model (b. 1924)
2015 - Vadym Tyshchenko, Ukrainian footballer (b. 1963)
2015 - Armando Cossutta, Italian politician (b. 1926)
2015 - Lillian Vernon, German-American businesswoman (b. 1927)
2016 - Bernard Fox, Welsh-American actor (b. 1927)
2016 - Paulo Evaristo Arns, Brazilian cardinal (b. 1921)
2016 - Halfdan T. Mahler, former Director-General of the World Health Organization (b. 1923)
2016 - Jean-Paul Pier, Luxembourgian mathematician (b. 1933)
2017 - Yurizan Beltran, American pornographic actress (b. 1986)
2017 - Bob Givens, American animator (b. 1918)
2017 - Karl-Erik Nilsson, Swedish wrestler (b. 1922)
2017 - R. C. Sproul, American theologian and author (b. 1939)
2017 - Neeraj Vora, Indian actor, screenwriter and director (b. 1963)
2017 - Marilyn Ware, American diplomat and businesswoman (b. 1943)
2017 - Lones Wigger, American sports shooter (b. 1937)
2017 - Yu Guangzhong, Taiwanese poet (b. 1928)
2018 - Matti Kassila, Finnish film director (b. 1924)
2018 - Remedios Loza, Bolivian politician (b. 1949)
2018 - Joe Osborn, American bass guitarist (b. 1937)
2018 - Edmond Simeoni, French politician (b. 1934)
2018 - Jean-Pierre Van Rossem, Belgian economist and politician; b. 1945
Twenty-nineteen - Yury Belyayev, Russian footballer; b. '34
Alabama Day
Day of the Martyred Intellectuals (Bangladesh)
December 14 – Accession of Mary, Queen of Scots
June 6 – Richard Grenville, Elizabethan sailor (died 1591)
June 24 – St. John of the Cross, Spanish Carmelite friar and poet (died 1591)
October 15 – Akbar, Jellaladin Mahommed, ruler of the Mughal Empire (died 1605)
December 8 – Mary, Queen of Scots (died 1587)
Robert Bellarmine, Catholic theologian and saint (died 1621)
Toda Kazuaki, samurai in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu (died 1604)
Anthony Shirley, English traveller (died 1635)
John Speed, historian (died 1629)
Horio Yoshiharu, Japanese daimyo (died 1611)
Kuki Yoshitaka, Japanese naval commander
Jan Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (died 1605)
February 13 – Katherine Howard, Queen of England
December 14 – James V, King of Scotland
1322 - The central tower of Ely Cathedral in Cambridgeshire, England, falls.
1462 - The Treaty of Westminster is finalized between Edward IV of England and the Scottish Lord of the Isles.
1503 - Disfida di Barletta: A tournament between 13 Italian and 13 French knights takes place near Barletta.
1542 – Catherine Howard, fifth wife of King Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.
1575 - Henry III of France is crowned King.
1633 – Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the inquisition.
1660 - Charles XI of Sweden becomes King at the age of 4 years, meaning that a regent rules Sweden until 1672.
1668 - Spain recognizes Portugal as an independent country.
1689 - William III and Mary II are crowned King and Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland.
1692 – At least thirty members of the MacDonald Clan are massacred in Glencoe, Scotland.
1739 - Battle of Karnal: The army of Persian ruler Nadir Shah defeats the forces of Mughal Emperor of India, Muhammad Shah.
1857 - British passenger steamer Tempest disappears in the North Atlantic Ocean after leaving New York City, with 150 people on board.
1858 - Searching for the source of the Nile, Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke become the first Europeans to reach Lake Tanganyika.
1861 - Francis II of the Two Sicilies surrenders at Gaeta to the army of Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy.
1880 - Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect.
1881 - The feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is first published in Paris by the activist Hubertine Auclert.
1918 - A magnitude 7.3 earthquake strikes Guangdong province, China.
1931 – New Delhi becomes the capital city of India.
1934 - Soviet steamship Cheliuskin sinks in the Arctic Ocean.
1935 - Bruno Hauptmann is found guilty of kidnapping and murdering the infant son of Charles Lindbergh.
1944 - Norwegian passenger ship Irma is torpedoed near Kristiansund, killing 61 people.
It is revealed after the Second World War that it was a torpedo from the Norwegian Navy that hit the ship.
1945 – The Royal Air Force bombs the German city of Dresden in World War II.
1945 - World War II: The Siege of Budapest ends with the unconditional surrender of the German and Hungarian armies to the Red Army.
1951 - Korean War: The Battle of Chipyong-ni begins.
1955 – Israel gains four of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls.
1960 - France becomes the fourth country to own nuclear weapons.
1961 - A 500,000-year-old rock is discovered near Olancha, California.
1971 - South Vietnamese troops invade Laos, with American support.
1978 - A bomb explodes outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing 2 refuse collectors and a police officer.
1980 - The 1980 Winter Olympics begin in Lake Placid, New York.
The games became best known for the Miracle on Ice hockey game on February 22.
1981 - A series of sewer explosions destroys  more than two miles of streets in Louisville, Kentucky.
1982 - The Rio Negro massacre occurs in Guatemala.
1983 - A cinema fire in Turin, Italy, kills 64 people.
1984 – Konstantin Chernenko becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
1988 – The Winter Olympic Games open in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Like in 1976, Canada hosts the Olympics without winning a gold medal (They do, however, win a record 14 gold medals when they host the games in Vancouver in 2010).
1990 - Agreement is reached on a two-stage plan to re-unite Germany.
1991 – US bombers hit Baghdad in the Gulf War.
1996 - English pop music group Take That announces that it is splitting.
The band re-forms in 2005.
2000 – The last Peanuts comic strip is printed in newspapers, a day after the death of Charles Schulz.
2001 – A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits El Salvador, killing at least 400 people.
2004 - The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics  announces the discovery of the Universe's largest-known diamond, white dwarf.
2007 - Taiwan's Opposition leader Ma Ying-jeou resigns as Chairman of the Kuomintang Party.
2008 – Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd makes a historic apology to Indigenous Australians and the Stolen Generations.
2010 - A bomb attack in Pune, Maharashtra, India, kills 17 people.
2011 – After the removal of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, the army suspends the constitution, and announces that it will remain in power until elections later in the year.
2012 - The European Space Agency's Vega rocket is launched from French Guiana.
2014 - Prime Minister of Italy Enrico Letta announces his intention to resign, less than ten months into the job, after instabilities in his coalition government.
2014 - Belgium's parliament votes to extend its euthanasia law to terminally-ill children, becoming the first country to allow euthanasia for people of all ages.
2017 - Kim Jong-nam (older half-brother of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un) is murdered at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia.
1457 - Mary of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1482)
1480 - Girolamo Aleandro, Italian cardinal (d. 1542)
1539 - Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine (d. 1582)
1599 - Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667)
1683 – Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, Italian painter (d. 1754)
1721 - John Reid, Scottish general (d. 1807)
1728 - John Hunter, Scottish anatomist (d. 1793)
1734 - Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec, French explorer and naval officer (d. 1797)
1766 - Thomas Balthus, English economist (d. 1834)
1768 - Edouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, Marshal of France (d. 1835)
1769 - Ivan Krylov, Russian writer (d. 1844)
1805 – Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, German mathematician (d. 1859)
1831 - John Aaron Rawlins, 29th United States Secretary of War (d. 1869)
1834 - Heinrich Caro, German chemist (d. 1910)
1835 - Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Islamic religious leader (d. 1908)
1837 - Valentin Zubiaurre, Spanish composer (d. 1914)
1849 – Lord Randolph Churchill, British politician, father of Winston Churchill (d. 1895)
1849 - Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt, German impostor, Captain of Köpenick (d. 1922)
1855 – Paul Deschanel, President of France (d. 1922)
1866 - Lev Shestov, Russian philosopher (d. 1938)
1867 - Harold Mahony, Scottish-Irish tennis player (d. 1903)
1870 - Leopold Godowsky, Polish-American pianist and composer (d. 1938)
1873 - Feodor Chaliapin, Russian opera singer (d. 1938)
1876 - Fritz Buelow, German-American baseball player (d. 1933)
1879 - Sarojini Naidu, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1949)
1880 - Dimitrie Gusti, Romanian sociologist, ethnologist, historian and philosopher (d. 1955)
1883 - Hal Chase, American baseball player (d. 1947)
1884 - Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American athlete, inventor and businessman (d. 1961)
1885 - George Fitzmaurice, American-French director (d. 1940)
1885 – Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States (d. 1982)
1888 – Georgios Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1968)
1891 – Grant Wood, American painter (d. 1942)
1892 - Robert H. Jackson, 57th United States Attorney General (d. 1954)
1901 - Paul Lazarsfeld, Austrian-American sociologist (d. 1976)
1901 - Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Scottish writer (d. 1935)
1902 - Harold Lasswell, American political scientist (d. 1978)
1903 - Georgy Beriev, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1979)
1903 – Georges Simenon, Belgian writer (d. 1989)
1906 - Agostinho da Silva, Portuguese philosopher (d. 1994)
1909 - Mario Casariego y Acevedo, Guatemalan cardinal (d. 1983)
1910 – William Shockley, British-American physicist (d. 1989)
1911 - Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Pakistani Urdu poet (d. 1984)
1911 - Jean Muir, American actress (d. 1996)
1913 - Khalid bin Abdul-Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia (d. 1982)
1915 – Aung San, Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician (d. 1947)
1915 - lyle Bettger, American actor (d. 2003)
1916 – John Reed, British singer of Gilbert and Sullivan (d. 2010)
1918 - Patty Berg, American golfer (d. 2006)
1919 - Tennessee Ernie Ford, American musician (d. 1991)
1919 - Eddie Robinson, American football coach (d. 2007)
1921 - Jeanne Demessieux, French organist, pianist and composer (d. 1968)
1922 - Francis Pym, British politician
1922 - Gordon Tullock, American economist and academic (d. 2014)
1923 – Chuck Yeager, American pilot
1923 - Michael Anthony Bilandic, 49th Mayor of Chicago (d. 2002)
1923 - James Abdnor, American politician (d. 2012)
1925 - Stuart Wagstaff, English-Australian entertainer (d. 2015)
1928 - Gerald Regan, 19th Premier of Nova Scotia
1929 – Omar Torrijos, President of Panama (d. 1981)
1930 - Ernst Fuchs, Austrian painter, sculptor and illustrator (d. 2015)
1930 - Israel Kirzner, English-American economist, author and academic
1932 - Barbara Shelley, English actress
1932 - Sarah Oliver, American actress (d. 1990)
1933 – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon
1933 – Kim Novak, American actress
1933 - Peter L. Pond, American activist and philanthropist (d. 2000)
1933 - Emanuel Ungaro, French fashion designer
1934 - George Segal, American actor
1937 - Rupiah Banda, former President of Zambia
1937 - Sigmund Jaehn, German cosmonaut
1938 – Oliver Reed, English actor (d. 1999)
1939 - Valery Rozhdestvensky, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (d. 2011)
1939 - Beate Klarsfeld, German activist
1940 - Bram Peper, Dutch sociologist and politician, former Mayor of Rotterdam
1941 – Sigmar Polke, German painter (d. 2010)
1941 - Bo Svenson, Swedish-American actor
1942 - Katsuaki Watanabe, CEO of Toyota
1942 – Peter Tork, American musician (Member of The Monkees)
1942 - Carol Lynley, American actress
1944 – Jerry Springer, American television host
1944 – Stockard Channing, American actress
1944 - Bo Svenson, American actor
1945 - Wallis Grahn, Swedish actress (d. 2018)
1945 - King Floyd, American musician (d. 2006)
1945 - Simon Schama, British historian
1945 - Marian Dawkins, British biologist
1946 – Artur Jorge, Portuguese football coach
1947 – Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball coach
1947 - Kevin Bloody Wilson, Australian comedian, singer-songwriter and guitarist
1948 - Kitten Natividad, Mexican-American actress and dancer
1949 - Peter Kern, Austrian actor, film director, screenwriter and producer (d. 2015)
1950 – Peter Gabriel, English musician
1950 - Bob Daisley, Australian musician
1952 - Freddy Maertens, Belgian cyclist
1956 - Liam Brady, Irish footballer
1956 - Peter Hook, English musician
1956 - Princess Alia bint Al Hussein of Jordan
1958 - Pernilla August, Swedish actress
1958 - Tip Tipping, English actor and stuntman (d. 1993)
1959 - Gaston Gingras, Canadian ice hockey player
1960 – Pierluigi Collina, Italian football referee
1960 - Pia Sundhage, Swedish soccer player and coach
1960 - Artur Yusupov, Russian-German chess player
1961 - Marc Crawford, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1961 - Henry Rollins, American singer, actor and writer
1961 - Richard Tyson, American actor
1962 - Anibal Acevedo Vila, former Governor of Puerto Rico
1962 - Hugh Dennis, English actor and comedian
1964 - Stephen Bowen, American engineer, captain and astronaut
1964 - Ylva Johansson, Swedish politician
1965 - Peter O'Neill, 7th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
1967 - Stanimir Stoilov, Bulgarian footballer
1967 - Johnny Tapia, American boxer (d. 2012)
1968 - Daisuke Ikeda, Japanese professional wrestler
1968 – Niamh Kavanagh, Irish singer
1969 - Joyce DiDonato, American mezzo-soprano
1970 - Elmer Bennett, American basketball player
1970 - Karoline Krüger, Norwegian singer-songwriter and pianist
1971 – Mats Sundin, Swedish ice hockey player
1971 - Todd Williams, American baseball player
1974 – Robbie Williams, English singer
1974 - Ana Patricia Rojo, Mexican actress
1975 – Ben Collins, English racing driver
1975 - Tony Dalton, American-born actor
1976 - Suzanne Maddock, British actress
1978 - Philippe Jaroussky, French tenor
1979 – Rafael Marquez, Mexican footballer
1979 - Rachel Reeves, English politician
1979 – Mena Suvari, American actress
1979 - Anders Behring Breivik, Norwegian mass murderer (2011 Norway attacks)
1980 – Sebastian Kehl, German footballer
1981 - Sam Burley, American athlete
1981 - Liam Miller, Irish footballer (d. 2018)
1983 - Anna Watkins, British rower
1984 - Eveli Saue, Estonian orienteer and athlete
1985 - Hedwiges Maduro, Dutch footballer
1985 – Alexandros Tziolis, Greek footballer
1986 – Jamie Murray, Scottish tennis player
1987 – Eljero Elia, Dutch footballer
1988 - Aston Merrygold, British singer (JLS)
1989 - Carly McKillip, Canadian singer and actress
1989 - Rodrigo Possebon, Brazilian footballer
1990 - Gyaincain Norbu, 11th Panchen Lama
1990 - Mamadou Sakho, French footballer
1993 - Alex Sawyer, British actor, director and singer
1994 - Memphis Depay, Dutch footballer
1995 - Ayame Koike, Japanese actress
721 - Chilperic II (b. 672)
858 – Kenneth I of Scotland
1130 - Pope Honorius II
1141 - Bela II of Hungary (b. 1110)
1199 - Stefan Nemanja, Serbian Grand Prince (b. 1113)
1219 - Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shogun (b. 1192)
1332 - Andronik II Palaiologus, Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (b. 1250)
1539 - Isabella d'Este, Italian Renaissance figure (b. 1474)
1542 – Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII of England (b. 1521)
1571 – Benvenuto Cellini, Italian artist (b. 1500)
1592 - Jacopo Bassano, Italian painter (b. 1510)
1600 - Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (b. 1538)
1608 - Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Lithuanian Prince (b. 1526)
1660 – Charles X, King of Sweden (b. 1622)
1662 – Elizabeth of Bohemia (b. 1596)
1693 - Johann Kaspar Kerli, German organist and composer (b. 1627)
1728 - Cotton Mather, American Puritan minister (b. 1663)
1741 - Johann Joseph Fux, Austrian composer (b. 1660)
1787 - Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat (b. 1717)
1787 - Roger Joseph Boscovich, Croat-Italian physicist (b. 1711)
1813 - Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1725)
1837 - Mariano Jose de Larra, Spanish journalist and writer (b. 1809)
1883 – Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813)
1888 - Jean-Baptiste Lamy, French-American archbishop (b. 1814)
1889 - Joao Mauricio Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (b. 1815)
1905 - Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter (b. 1844)
1906 - Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (b. 1866)
1909 - Hugo Egmont Horring, Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1842)
1916 - Carlos Antonio Mendoza, 3rd President of Panama (b. 1856)
1934 - Jozsef Pusztai, Slovenian-Hungarian writer (b. 1864)
1942 - Epitacio Pessoa, President of Brazil (b. 1865)
1943 - Neyyire Neyir, Turkish actress (b. 1902)
1954 - Agnes MacPhail, Canadian politician (b. 1890)
1956 - Jan Lukasiewicz, Polish mathematician (b. 1878)
1958 – Dame Christabel Pankhurst, British suffragette (b. 1880)
1958 - Georges Rouault, French painter (b. 1871)
1964 – Werner Heyde, German psychiatrist (b. 1902)
1968 - Mae Marsh, American actress (b. 1895)
1974 - Ustad Amir Khan, Indian classical singer (b. 1912)
1975 - Andre Beaufre, French general (b. 1902)
1976 - Murtala Mohammed, Nigerian military leader (b. 1938)
1976 - Lily Pons, French-American soprano and actress (b. 1904)
1980 – Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician (b. 1905)
1982 - Zeng Jinlian, tallest woman ever (b. 1964)
1988 - John Curulewski, American guitarist (Styx) (b. 1950)
1991 - Arno Breker, German sculptor (b. 1900)
1992 – Nikolay Bogolyubov, Russian mathematician (b. 1909)
1993 - Willoughby Gray, British actor (b. 1916)
2002 – Waylon Jennings, American musician (b. 1937)
2004 - Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, Chechen politician (b. 1952)
2005 – Maurice Trintignant, French racing driver (b. 1917)
2006 – Peter Frederick Strawson, British philosopher (b. 1919)
2007 - Johanna Sallstrom, Swedish actress (b. 1974)
2008 – Kon Ichikawa, Japanese movie director and producer (b. 1915)
2008 – Henri Salvador, French singer and guitarist (b. 1917)
2010 – John Reed, British singer of Gilbert and Sullivan (b. 1916)
2011 – Inese Jaunzeme, Latvian javelin thrower (b. 1932)
2013 - Pieter Kooijmans, Dutch politician (b. 1933)
2014 - Balu Mahendra, Indian moviemaker and screenwriter (b. 1939)
2014 - Richard Moller Nielsen, Danish footballer and coach (b. 1937)
2014 - Piero D'Inzeo, Italian equestrian show jumper (b. 1923)
2014 - Ralph Waite, American actor (b. 1928)
2015 - Kesava Reddy, Indian writer (b. 1946)
2015 - Stan Chambers, American journalist (b. 1923)
2016 - Antonin Scalia, United States Supreme Court Justice (b. 1936)
2016 - O. N. V. Kurup, Indian poet, lyricist and politician (b. 1931)
2016 - Trifon Ivanov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1965)
2016 - Christopher Zeeman, British mathematician (b. 1925)
2017 - Sara Coward, British actress (b. 1948)
2017 - Kim Jong-nam, half-brother of Kim Jong-un (b. 1971)
2017 - Jan Grabowski, Polish speedway rider (b. 1950)
2017 - Lucky Pulpit, American-trained racehorse (b. 2001)
2017 - E-dubble, American rapper (b. 1982)
2017 - Harold Denton, American public servant (b. 1936)
2017 - Bruce Lansbury, English-American television producer (b. 1930)
2017 - Seijun Suzuki, Japanese director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1923)
2018 - Joseph Bonnel, French footballer (b. 1939)
2018 - Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian ascetic and philanthropist (b. 1914)
2018 - Tito Francona, American baseball player (b. 1933)
2018 - Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark (b. 1934)
2018 - Josefina Samper, Spanish communist and feminist (b. 1927)
World Radio Day
314 - Silvester I becomes Pope.
1504 – France cedes Naples to Aragon.
1542 - Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca becomes the first European to reach Iguazu Falls on the present-day border between Argentina and Brazil.
1606 – Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is executed for his plotting against Parliament and James I of England.
1747 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital.
1801 - John Marshall becomes Chief Justice of the United States.
1814 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
1846 - The city of Milwaukee is formed.