the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
September - Failure of an outbreak in Karachi (14 Sept.); further outbreaks in the Saugor and Narbada districts; siege of Saugor begins; the City of Delhi is assaulted and captured by the British (14-20 Sept.); the Lucknow residency is relieved by Havelock and Outram (25 Sept.) but a new siege of the reinforced garrison begins
October - Mutiny at Bhogalpur (near Dinapur); unrest in Bihar, north Bengal and Assam; mutiny in Bombay city is forestalled (15 Oct.); revolt in Kotah state (15 Oct.)
November - Sir Colin Campbell relieves Lucknow (17 Nov.); the garrison is evacuated and the city and Residency are temporarily abandoned; defeat of General Windham outside Kanpur (28 Nov.)
December - Decisive battle of Kanpur (6 Dec.); the armies of Rao Sahib and of Tatya Tope are routed by Sir Colin Campbell; campaign in the Doab; capture of Fatehgarh.
January - General Sir Hugh Rose begins the Central India campaign; Sir Colin Campbell begins the campaign to recapture Lucknow
February - General Rose relieves Saugor; Campbell's Army of Oudh assembles on the Kanpur-Lucknow road to await Jang Bahadur's Gurkha army from Nepal
March - Lucknow is recaptured on 21 March; Central India campaign continues
April - Battle of the Betwa; the nearby city of Jhansi is stormed and captured (3-6 April); Azamgarh recaptured; advance on Kalpi (25 April); Campbell begins reconquest of Rohilkhand; Koer Singh leads a rising in Bihar; after his defeat he dies of his wounds
May - Battle of Bareilly followed by its recapture; Battle of Kunch; recapture of Jagdispur; reoccupation of Kalpi; Battle of Mohamdi (24 May) and end of resistance in Rohilkhand; rebels begin guerrilla war in the jungle; Tatya Tope and the Rani of Jhansi outside Gwalior
June - Gwalior army deserts to the rebels and Tatya Tope and the Rani of Jhansi seize Gwalior; General Rose marches from Kalpi to Gwalior arriving on the 16th; next day the battle of Kotah-i-Serai and on the 18th the Battle of Gwalior; Gwalior fortress recaptured; during June guerrilla forces in Oudh, Bihar and along the Nepalese frontier are suppressed
July to December - suppression of guerrilla forces except in Rajputana and Central India
April - Trial (15th) and execution (18th) of Tatya Tope (Ramachandra Pandurang Tope), the last captured rebel leader; end of the Indian rebellion of 1857.
Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year.
London: Sphere Books; pp.
153–55 (events of the rebellion)
Text-books and academic monographs
Mutinies
William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 – June 6, 1865), was a Confederate leader during the American Civil War.
Quantrill lead a Confederate unit along the Missouri-Kansas border in the early 1860s.
Quantrill was a leader in the Lawrence Massacre in Lawrence, Kansas in 1863.
Quantrill was killed in Kentucky in a  Union ambush in 1865.
He was picked by the St. Louis Blues with the 49th overall pick in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft.
Hecht played 2 seasons with the St. Louis Blues, 1 season with the Edmonton Oilers and 10 seasons with the Buffalo Sabres.
He also played 5 seasons in the DEL with Adler Mannheim.
In economics, a Giffen good is one that people consume more of when its price increases.
This violates the Law of Demand.
This paradox is named after Robert Giffen, who first described it.
Giffen observed that households that only had a minimum wage to survive, bought more bread when the bread price increased.
This can be explained as follows: These households have to split their income between the cheap (and inferior) good, e.g. "bread", and an expensive good, e.g. meat.
When the price of this inferior good increases by a certain amount, they can no longer afford to buy the more expensive good.
For this reason, they spend more of their income on bread in order to be able to survive.
Alfred Marshall wrote in Principles of Economics:
There are however some exceptions.
For instance, as Mr Giffen has pointed out, a rise in the price of bread makes so large a drain on the resources of the poorer labouring families and raises so much the marginal utility of money to them, that they are forced to curtail their consumption of meat and the more expensive farinaceous foods: and, bread being still the cheapest food which they can get and will take, they consume more, and not less of it.
But such cases are rare; when they are met with they must be treated separately.
Lima is a city in Allen County, Ohio, United States.
The population of Lima was 40,081 in 2000.
The mayor of Lima is David Berger.
Lima was founded in 1831 as a county seat which was mandated by the Ohio legislature.
It got its name from Patrick G. Goode, who was a judge.
He insisted on the Spanish pronunciation "Lee-mah" after the capital city of Peru, but the pronunciation — "Lye-mah" — won.
Professional wrestler Al Snow was born in Lima.
Actor and movie critic Donald Richie was also born there.
The city hall of Lima
Growing Pains is an American situation comedy that aired beginning in 1985 and ended in 1992.
The show focused on an upper middle class family who had three children together.
Joanna Kerns played Maggie Seaver and Tracey Gold played Carol Seaver.
Degrassi: The Next Generation is a Canadian teen drama created by Yan Moore and Linda Schuyler.
It was shown on CTV, MuchMusic and MTV Canada.
The series has had fourteen seasons and had made 385 episodes.
The TV series spawned two movies: Degrassi Goes Hollywood in 2009 and Degrassi Takes Manhattan in 2010.
In June 2014, it was announced that Degrassi would end.
The last episode will air on July 31, 2015.
Degrassi will be replaced by Degrassi: Next Class.
The show will air on Netflix instead of TeenNick.
Degrassi: The Next Generation at muchmusic.com
Second City Television is a Canadian sketch comedy television series that first aired on September 21, 1976 and last aired on July 17, 1984.
The series had 6 seasons and made 135 episodes.
One of SCTV's most popular sketches was the Bob & Doug McKenzie sketches which featured Bob who was played by Rick Moranis and Doug is played by Dave Thomas.
The sketch was so popular that it was given its own animated show in 2009 and was featured on the 2002 episode, "The Bart Wants What It Wants" of The Simpsons when they visit Toronto.
SCTV at tv.com
Some countries have many political parties that exist, but only one that can by law be in control.
This is called a one-party dominant state.
In this case opposition parties against the dominant ruling party are allowed, but have no real chance of gaining power.
For example, in China all power is vested in the Communist Party of China.
Other parties are allowed to exist only if they accept the leading role of the Communist Party
The Soviet Union from 1922–1991, Nazi Germany from 1933–1945, Italy under Benito Mussolini from 1922–1943, and various Eastern Bloc states are some of the best-known examples of one-party states in history.
Some one-party states are considered dictatorships and called a police state or a military dictatorship, if a secret police force or the military is used to keep a dictator in power through force.
China (Communist party, 8 registered minor parties)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (AKA- North Korea) (Korean Workers' Party) - 2 minor parties that exist on paper only
Vietnam (Communist party)
Cuba (Communist party)
Burma (the opposition parties are prevented from taking office)
Laos (Communist party)
Bermuda (Progressive Labour Party - 2 minor parties exist)
Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Military Junta)
Former examples of one-party states
Nazi Germany (Nazi Party)
Kingdom of Italy (National Fascist Party)
Socialist Republic of Romania (Romanian Communist Party)
Democratic Kampuchea (Communist Party of Kampuchea)
Empire of Japan (Imperial Rule Assistance Association)
Polish People's Republic (Polish Workers' Party)
Soviet Union (Communist Party of the Soviet Union)
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (League of Communists of Yugoslavia)
Syrian Arab Republic (Ba'ath Party)
Serbia (Serbian Progressive Party)
Similar situations
De facto one-party states
Countries where other parties are legal, but none exists at present.
Also, in some kingdoms a royal family actually rules the country with or without political parties.
Kingdoms and Emirates in the Middle East are examples.
Dominant-party system
Examples commonly cited include: United Russia (CP) in Russia, the New Azerbaijan Party in Azerbaijan, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Turkey, Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) in Serbia, Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (DPS) in Montenegro, the People's Action Party (PAP) in Singapore, the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa, the Ba'ath Party in the Syrian Arab Republic, Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea in Equatorial Guinea, Awami League in Bangladesh, the Belaya Rus in Belarus, PSUV in Venezuela, MPLA in Angola, the FRELIMO in Mozambique, the Colorado Party in Paraguay, the ZANU-PF in Zimbabwe, and the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan.
In some countries which have this system, methods are used to suppress other parties, without actually banning them.
In some cases state power is used directly and indirectly to prevent smaller parties getting more votes.
This can include electoral fraud, gerrymandering or court decisions (which are controlled by the government).
In many cases, opposition leaders and other figures are prevented from using the mass media at election time, and also they often are threatened, harassed, jailed and even killed.
In other cases, apart from the government candidates, only candidates from smaller allied parties and "independent" candidates who are closely allied to the dominant ruling party, get an overwhelming advantage.
Tracey Claire Fisher, better known as Tracey Gold (B. 16 May, 1969) is an American actress.
She is best known for playing Carol Seaver in the sitcom Growing Pains from 1985 until 1992.
The actress was born in New York City.
Skor is a chocolate bar made by The Hershey Company.
It is a bar covered with milk chocolate and has butter toffee in the center of it.
Skor was first launched in 1981 in the United States and 1983 in Canada under the name, Rutnam.
One skor bar has 200 calories.
Skor at thehersheycompany.com
Heterozygote advantage is the situation where, at a gene locus, the heterozygote has greater fitness than either homozygote.p205 It is a type of balancing selection.
Sickle cell anaemia as an example
Hb+ = gene for normal haemoglobin molecules; Hbs = mutant gene.
Three genotypes are possible in a population: Hb+Hb+ producing a normal phenotype; Hb+Hbs the heterozygote; and HbsHbs homozygous for sickle cell anaemia.
The fitness of these three genotypes varies according to the environment.
In the temperate zone, the normal homozygotes and the heterozygotes will leave most offspring.
This is because the homozygote for sickle cell has less chance of surviving to leave children, and if they do survive, they will have many health problems.
In a tropical climate, such as equatorial Africa, malaria is a big killer.
There, the heterozygote has the advantage in fitness.
They do not get malaria so badly, and they do not suffer the earlier deaths of the homozygote sickle cell sufferers.
Not surprisingly, the Hbs gene is present in about a quarter of Africans from the countries near the equator.
In Europeans it is a rare gene.
Heterozygote advantage is probably the main cause of polymorphism in biological species.
Polymorphism, alternate genetic types in a population (for example different blood groups), is extremely common.
The fitness of the heterozygotes keeps a wide range of alternate gene alleles in a population.
This,  in turn, gives the population a wide range of genetic 'resources' and this gives a better chance of survival.
Circuito de Jerez is a Spanish race track near Jerez de la Frontiera.
It opened on December 8, 1985, and started holding motorcycling events and the Spanish Grand Prix in Formula One.
The race was held in Jerez until 1990, since the circuit was in a remote (rural) area, and the Spanish Grand Prix was moved to Circuit de Catalunya in 1991.
However, in 1994, when the Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez was not finished for it's grand prix, known as the Argentine Grand Prix, Jerez hosted the European Grand Prix that year.
As well, a chicane was added in Turn 11 to slow down the cars and to avoid possibly fatal (deadly) accidents, such as the one suffered by Roland Ratzenberger at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.
The European Grand Prix returned in 1997, this time being the final race of the season, and the championship was going to be decided between Michael Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve.
However, during the podium celebrations, Jerez's Mayor Pedro Pacheco disrupted the podium celebrations by presenting a trophy that was supposed to be presented by a dignitary from Daimler-Benz, which was related to Mercedes, an engine supplier who won the race.
This incident resulted on the track being temporarily banned from hosting a Grand Prix.
It has never hosted another Grand Prix, but still holds winter testing during the pre-season, and still remains very popular.
Bhangra became popular in Britain in the 1980s and the artists of Bhangra were selling over 30,000 cassettes a week in the UK even though not one of the artists made their way into the Top 40 UK Chart.
Bhangra is also popular in Canada where singer, Jazzy B sold over 55,000 copies of his third album, Folk and Funky and became one of the best-selling Punjabi folk artists in the world.
The outfits for Bhangra are Turla or torla, Pag, which is a turban that is a sign of pride/honor in Punjab and is tied differently than the traditional turbans that the Sikhs and other people wear on the street, Kurta which is a silk shirt, with about four buttons and is very loose with embroidered patterns, Lungi or chadar which is a loose loincloth tied around the dancer's waist, Jugi which is a waistcoat with no buttons, and Rumāl which are small scarves that are worn tied on to the fingers.
Bhangra website
Dance in India
The Kia Sorento is a mid-size crossover SUV that is built by the Kia Motors company.
The Sorento has had 2 generations during its time.
The assembly for the Nissan Cube is in South Korea, United States and Kazakhstan.
The current generation Sorento shares the same platform with the Hyundai Santa Fe.
Kia Sorento at kia.ca
Kia automobiles
Paul di Resta (born April 16, 1986 in Livingston West Lothian) is a Scottish auto racing driver.
He is the current DTM champion.
He make his Formula One debut in the  Australian Grand Prix with the Force India, finishing in the points with a 10th place finish.
Di Resta started his career in karting.
He raced in several series of karts from 1994 until 2002.
In 2001 he won the British JICA Championship.
Formula Renault
Di Resta moved up to single-seaters at the end of 2002.
he competed in the British Formula Renault Winter Series.
He raced full-time in 2003 with the Eurotek Motorsport team.
Di Resta finished seventh in the standings with one race win.
He switched to Manor Motorsport for 2004, and finished third in the championship with four wins.
Di Resta also entered some races of Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 with the Manor team.
He also won the prestigious McLaren Autosport BRDC Young Driver of The Year Award in 2004.
The award had been won by his cousin Dario Franchitti in 1992.
Formula Three
Di Resta moved to the Formula Three Euroseries with Manor Motorsport in 2005, and finished tenth in the standings.
For 2006 he moved to the ASM Formule 3 team.
He won the championship with five wins.
He beat his team mate, future Formula One World Drivers Champion, Sebastian Vettel.
Di Resta also won the 2006 BP Ultimate Masters at Circuit Park Zandvoort.
In 2007, di Resta switched from single-seaters to race in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM) touring car racing series for Mercedes.
He finished fifth in the championship.
Di Resta was the highest driver in the standings to drive a non-2007 car.
His performance earned him a 2008 Mercedes C-Class for the 2008 season.
Di Resta finished second in the 2008 championship, winning two races.
In 2009, he finished third overall.
In 2010, he won three races in a row on the way to winning the DTM championship.
Di Resta has tested for the McLaren Formula One team in 2009.
In December 2009, di Resta took part in a test with the Force India at the Jerez circuit.
On February 2, Force India announced they signed di Resta at their reserve driver.
Force India (2011–)
On 26 January 2011 it was confirmed that di Resta will join Adrian Sutil at the Force India team for the  season.
He will replace Vitantonio Liuzzi, and Nico Hülkenberg will replace di Resta as the reserve driver.
– As di Resta was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.
Complete Formula Three Euroseries record
Di Resta, who grew up in Uphall West Lothian.
He is the cousin of fellow racing drivers Dario Franchitti and Marino Franchitti.
In February 2010, di Resta was made a director of his family's leisure firm, which owns several establishments in West Lothian.
Paul di Resta career statistics at Driver Database
Decimius Magnus Ausonius (ca.
310–395) was a Latin poet and rhetorician, born at Burdigala (Bordeaux).
Ausonius was born in Bordeaux in ca.
His father was a noted physician of Greek ancestry.
Ausonius had a strict upbringing by his aunt and grandmother and received an excellent education, especially in grammar and rhetoric, but said his Greek was not good.
Having completed his studies, he trained for some time as a lawyer, but he preferred teaching.
In 334, he established a school of rhetoric in Bordeaux, which was very popular.
His most famous pupil was St. Paulinus of Nola, who later became Bishop of Nola.
After thirty years of this work, he was ordered by Valentinian to the imperial court to teach Gratian, the heir-apparent.
The prince greatly respected his tutor, and after his accession bestowed on him the highest titles and honours that any Roman (besides from the royal family) could attain, culminating in the consulate in 379.
After the murder of Gratian in 383, Ausonius retired to his estates near Burdigala (now Bordeaux) in Gaul.
These supposedly included the land now owned by Château Ausone, which takes its name from him.
He appears to have been a late and perhaps not very enthusiastic convert to Christianity.
He died about 395.
Works by Ausonius at the Internet Archive
Latin text of Mosella and the Septem Sententiae
Ausonius' Opera Omnia: IntraText Digital Library
Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina
wiki text and translation of Moselle
310s births
A triumvirate is a group of three men.
A duumvirate is a group of two.
The word is often used to mention a historical event or in talks of government.
The word troika is Russian for triumvirate, and the term was used in the Soviet Union after V.I. Lenin died.
Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev, and Grigory Zinoviev teamed up to gain power of the government.
In the Soviet Union, troikas were usually considered to be three main people in the government: Party leader, head of state, and head of government.
In Ancient Rome,  Julius Caesar was a member of the first triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus.
In 43 B.C.E. after he was dead, Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus, and Octavian formed a second triumvirate to rule the Roman Empire.
In politics, the party leader is the most powerful official within a political party.
The party leader is typically responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public.
As such, he or she b.v.will be the person in the party the most responsible for convincing the electorate to vote for the party.
In many representative democracies, party leaders compete directly for high political office.
For example, leaders of parties in presidential and semi-presidential republics will often run for President.
In parliamentary systems of government, party leaders typically seek to become prime minister.
In these countries, the party leader will try to be elected to the legislature, and, if elected, to simultaneously serve as the party's parliamentary leader.
The constellation Antlia is a group of stars in the southern sky.
Its name means "pump" and comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀντλία.
It represents an air or vacuum pump.
The stars that make Antlia are not bright or easy to see.
The constellation was not created until the 18th century.
Beginning at the north, the other constellations near Antlia are Hydra the sea snake, Pyxis the compass, Vela the sails, and Centaurus the centaur.
Boysetsfire is an American post-hardcore rock band from Newark, Delaware.
Boysetsfire has five members in the band; the current band members are Nathan Gray, Chad Istvan, Robert Ehrenbrand, Josh Latshaw and Matt Krupanski.
Nathan Gray – lead vocals, keyboard
Josh Latshaw – guitar, backing vocals
Chad Istvan – guitar, backing vocals, piano, keyboard
Robert Ehrenbrand – bass guitar, backing vocals
Matt Krupanski - drums
Rob Avery - Bass guitar
Darrell Hyde - Bass guitar
The Day the Sun Went Out (1997)
After the Eulogy (2000)
Tomorrow Come Today (2003)
The Misery Index: Notes from the Plague Years (2006)
While a Nation Sleeps... (2014)
20th-century establishments in Delaware
The University of Colorado Boulder is a public university in Boulder, Colorado.
The university has about 30,196 students.
It was founded in 1876.
The athletics teams of the university are called the Buffaloes.
They have 14 varsity teams and they compete in the Pacific-12 Conference, which they joined in July 2011.
The Law School at University of Colorado, Boulder, is ranked #40 by U.S. News & World Report.
This is for the 2016 rankings and is out of 196 law schools.
1870s establishments in Colorado
Battenberg cake is a light sponge cake.
It is long, square faced cake, covered in marzipan.
When cut in open one can see four more squares alternately coloured pink and yellow.
These coloured sections are made by dyeing half of the cake mixture pink, and half yellow, then cutting each resultant sponge into two long, uniform cuboids, and joining them together with apricot jam, to form one cake.
Established variations are for coconut flavouring to the sponge cake and lemon curd or raspberry jam in place of apricot jam.
The cake was probably named in honour of the marriage, in 1884, of Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine Queen Victoria's granddaughter  to Prince Louis of Battenberg, with the four squares representing the four Battenberg princes: Louis, Alexander, Henry and Francis Joseph.
A recipe for Battenberg cake
Murphy Brown is an American situation comedy.
It aired beginning November 14, 1988 until May 18, 1998 and revived in 2018.
on CBS.
The show covered multiple subjects, including single parenting.
Candice Bergen played the title character.
Manuae is an uninhabited atoll in the southern group of the Cook Islands, 100 kilometres south-east of Aitutaki.
It is administratively part of Aitutaki, but does not belong to any district or tapere of Aitutaki.
Manuae is a true atoll sitting on the peak of a submerged volcano which descends 4000 meters to the ocean bed.
It is made of two horseshoe-shaped islets, Manuae to the west and Te Au O Tu to the east, with a total area of 6.17 km²on either side of a lagoon about 7 km x 4 km.
Manuae has an area of 2.1 km², and Te Au O TU of 3.9 km².
The lagoon is 13 km² in size, shallow and subject to large shifting sand banks.
A coral reef surrounds the atoll and there is no passage through the reef.
The island is a marine park and is an important breeding ground for seabirds and marine turtles in the Central Pacific.
Captain James Cook sighted Manuae on September 23 1773.
It was the first of the Cook Islands he voyaged to.
Initially he named it Sandwich Island but changed it to Hervey Island in honor of Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol, then a Lord of the Admiralty when he decided instead give the name of "Sandwich Islands" to the Hawaiian Islands.
This name was later corrupted to Hervey's Island, or Hervey's Isle, and later applied to the entire southern group, as the Hervey Islands.
This name remained popular until 1824 when the islands were renamed the Cook Islands by the Russian cartographer von Krusenstern, in honor of Capt.
Cook who had died in 1779.
Norwegian author Erlend Loe writes humorously about an expedition to Manuae in his 1999 novel "L".
The island once supported a small copra industry with a settlement established next to the small reef passage less than one kilometer northeast of Turakino, the westernmost point of the atoll.
The passage, at the sea entrance, is less than 4 metres wide and in a swell is exceedingly dangerous without local knowledge.
Fishermen from Aitutaki occasionally organise trips to Manuae.
All regulations applicable to Aitutaki, apply to Manuae as well.
The Lancia Thesis was a car produced by Lancia from 2002 to 2009.
It is a large car with retro styling, similar to the Rover 75.
2.0 TB 136 kW (185 hp)
2.4 125 kW (170 hp)
3.0 V6 158 kW (215 hp)
3.2 V6 169 kW (230 hp)
2.4 JTD 110 kW (150 hp)
2.4 Multijet 125 kW (170 hp) and 136 kW (185 hp)
"Hold It Against Me" is a 2011 single by Britney Spears.
The song comes from her seventh studio album Femme Fatale.
The song was released on January 11, 2011 to positive reviews.
Britney Spears songs
Looting (also known as sacking, plundering, despoiling, despoliation, and pillaging) is to steal, especially as part of war, riot or other group violence.
It may involve forcible robbery, but is not the same as robbery.
Iowa State University of Science and Technology or as it is better known, Iowa State University is a public university in Ames, Iowa.
The university has about 33,000 students.
The president of the university is Wendy Wintersteen.
George Washington Carver was a student at Iowa State.
The athletics teams of the university are called the Cyclones.
They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.
Iowa State University's Official website
The University of Idaho is a public university in Moscow, Idaho.
The university has about 11,957 students.
The current president of the university is M. Duane Nellis.
The athletics teams of the university are called the Vandals.
They have 16 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Big Sky Conference.
After playing football as an independent (not in a conference) in 2013, Idaho moved its football team to the Sun Belt Conference in 2014.
University of Idaho's Official website
San José State University is a public university in San Jose, California.
The university, part of the California State University system, has about 31,280 students.
It was founded in 1857.
The current president of the university is Don W. Kassing.
The university was originally called the Minns' Evening Normal School before the California legislature voted to change the school's name to San Jose State University in 1974.
The athletics teams of the university are called the Spartans.
They have 12 varsity teams and they compete in the Mountain West Conference.
San José State University's Official website
In boxing and other fighting, absorbing a blow is when one person is hit without being badly hurt or stopped from continuing the fight.
Sometimes a boxer will absorb a blow they could have avoided so that they can counterattack straight afterwards.
Antenna WKA-France - Lexicon of the boxes pieds-poings (Rubric "Formations", onglet "Ceinture noire")
Practical folios of Netboxe.com
The economy of the USA grew quickly in the 1920s for five main reasons.
This growth in the 1920s greatly affected the USA throughout the 20th century and today as the world superpower.
Natural resources and a growing population income
The USA had many natural resources, for example oil in Texas, coal in the Appalachian Mountains, and ranching in the Midwest and Great Plains.
This meant there was no need to buy natural resources from other countries.
Moreover the population of the USA was growing very fast making a very big market for natural resources inside the USA which grew quickly.
Below is a table which shows the urban growth in the six largest cities by population, in 1870 and 1910:
During the First World War, the USA was selling lots of metal to Britain and France, and also weapons.
The USA made a lot of money from this.
Also, the USA took over Europe's international trade and became the world leader in; chemical manufacturing, explosives manufacturing, and plastics manufacturing, along with others.
This was very good for the US economy.
Republican Party Policies
The Republicans had a 'laissez-faire' way of thinking, which meant that the government would not stand in the way of people's lives and businesses.
The Republican Party believed that this would create much profit, and it did.
The Republicans made 'tariffs', which meant that it cost a lot of money to buy products from other countries.
This protected American businessmen from foreign competition.
This also made the American people buy American-made products.
The Republicans lowered taxes, which was good for normal people, and even better for rich people.
The Republican Party believed that low taxes would make people keep their money and spend it on American-made products and put money into American industries.
The Republicans allowed 'trusts'.
Trusts were very large corporations, or businesses, which controlled almost all of a certain industry.
Many people did not like these trusts as they did not want one corporation to control an entire industry, but the Republican Party said that a corporation would do business better than a politician.
These trusts were very important in causing this economic growth.
There were also problems with the policies.
During the 1920s, much of the wealth in the United States was controlled by only a few people.
Also, farmers and other people who worked in the business of farming found it very difficult to make money and were therefore very poor.
New industries, new methods
The fact that there were new industries created new ways of managing industries.
For example, new products such as telephones, radios, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and others were being made on a large scale, but at a cheaper price.
Very good advertising was also created for many products.
The largest new industry in the 1920s was the motorcar industry.
It had been made entirely different by Henry Ford.
By the year 1929, 4.8 million cars had been made.
Hoover (vacuum cleaners) became a household name.
The biggest growth was in radios.
In 1920, there were 60,000 radios sold.
By 1929, it was 10 million.
The total production of American industry increased by around 50%.
The American state of mind
At the time, most Americans believed that they deserved success.
For example; a nice house, a good job, plenty to eat, and many consumer goods.
The act of 'consuming' was seen as very American, and this belief that spending and consuming was Russian , had a huge impact on powering economic growth in the 1920s
GCSE Modern World History Second Edition - Ben Walsh
The central nervous system is made of two types of tissue: white matter and grey matter.
Grey matter contains nerve cell bodies, and white matter is made of the  nerve fibres.
When a sample is freshly cut, it usually slightly pink in appearance (for both types).
When preserved in formaldehyde, white matter appears to be almost white.
White matter consists mostly of myelinated axons:.
Myelin is a lipid tissue (a fat) with capillaries.
It helps to keep the electrical in the nerve fibre.
This is important for fast and accurate sending of signals.
In the brain white matter is surrounded by grey matter most of the time.
In the spine, white matter is outside, and grey matter inside: the myelin sourrounds the nerve cells, and helps the transmission of nerve signals.
White matter is used to connect different areas of grey matter.
If a section of white matter is damaged, the brain may be able to find a different route to replace the lost connection.
The brain contains a third kind of tissue, which appears darker.
It is called substantia nigra, a part of the brain that is involved in pleasure & reward, addiction and movement.
Felicia Lily Dobson (born February 28, 1985) is a singer and songwriter from Canada.
She has had several records, most notably her self titled debut album.
Achondroplasia is a form of Dwarfism.
It is part of the chondrodystrophies or osteochondrodysplasias family which makes bones in a human's skeleton be too short or grow too slowly.
It often affects the femur and humerus.
It is caused by a dominant allele.
That means only one parent has to have the gene.
This gives a child a 50% chance of getting the condition.
If both parents have the gene the chances are increased to 75%, but in 25% of the cases, it is very unlikely that the child would live more than a few months.
However, the condition can also occur without either parent having the gene.
Achondroplasia is caused by a change in the DNA for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3.
This change affects the making of cartilage.
Now that the part of the DNA that causes the condition is known, there is hope that new treatments may be developed.
Mason Jewett Field  is a public airport in the U.S. state of Michigan.
It is one mile (1.85 km) southeast of Mason, in Ingham County.
The elevation is  above sea level.
The airport has one asphalt runway.
There is no scheduled commercial airline service.
On December 16, 1943, Arthur Jewett bought  of land for the airport.
In 1944, the runway was built.
In 1949 lights were installed on the runway.
In March 1977, the Capital Region Airport Authority purchased the airport from Arthur Jewett.
Smith, Bartlett.
Mason Jewett Airport , Experimental Aircraft Association Chapter 55 Wingtips, eaa55.org, March 2001, retrieved 2010-Apr-22
Mason Jewett Field , official site
Working Girl is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama movie starring Melanie Griffith as a Staten Island-raised secretary working in a New York City bank.
Also starring are Harrison Ford, Alec Baldwin, and Sigourney Weaver.
1988 romance movies
1988 comedy-drama movies
State capitalism is an economic system where the state government controls most or all steps of making a product.
Capitalism is an economic system calling for the private ownership of factories and everything needed to make a product - called the "means of production".
In Free-market capitalism, "private ownership" means that one, or a few, private owners who own a business have control over the means of production, even though the workers are the people who make the products.
Patrick Vaughn Stump (born Patrick Martin Stumph on April 27th, 1984) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer, guitarist and composer of the American rock band Fall Out Boy.
With the band he achieved widespread popularity and success.
On January 2010 he announced he was working on a solo album after his band took a break in late 2009.
He released his first solo song "Spotlight (song)" in two versions, "Spotlight (Oh Nostalgia)" and "Spotlight (New Regrets)" on November 29, 2010.
On February 22, 2011, he released his first EP, Truant Wave.
He released his debut album called Soul Punk on October 18, 2011, of which he wrote every song, played every note, self-produced, and funded by himself.
On May 6, 2011 he leaked a track off his album Soul Punk called "Explode", uploading it to his YouTube channel.
On July 26, 2011 he released the first single "This City" featuring Lupe Fiasco on iTunes.
Fall Out Boy formed in 2001.
They released their mini-album Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend in 2003 and Take This to Your Grave in the same year.
In 2003, Stump and his band mates went on to sign with Island Records, and released the acoustic-based EP My Heart Will Always Be the B-Side to My Tongue CD and DVD in 2004.
This was followed with their third studio album, From Under the Cork Tree, which went double-platinum in 2005 and reached the top ten of the US chart, going on to sell over three million copies around the world.
Their fourth studio album, Infinity on High, was released in 2007 to continued commercial success.
It started at number one on the US music album chart and in the top five around the world.
Fall Out Boy's most recent album, Folie à Deux, was released on December 23 and 16, 2008 in the United States/worldwide, respectively.
On February 6, 2010, E!
Online reported that bassist Pete Wentz had told them "We're just on a break," and that he is more focused on being a father right now than he is on Fall Out Boy.
Pete lastly added, "...I think I'll be OK.
It's too soon to say that we'll be back.
We just got burned out."
Truant Wave (2011)
"This City" (2011)
Maureen O'Hara (17 August 1920 – 24 October 2015) was an Irish-American actress and singer.
She was born in Ranelagh, Dublin and was a naturalised American citizen.
She starred in many movies.
She is noted for usually playing fiercely passionate heroines in her movies.
O'Hara died in her sleep at her home in Boise, Idaho at the age of 95.
She was buried next to her husband at Arlington National Cemetery.
Singers from Dublin
Soul Punk is the first studio album by American musician Patrick Stump.
The album was released on October 18, 2011.
Stump's solo project was officially revealed in January 2010 and was later titled Soul Punk.
It is the first major musical project undertaken by Stump since Fall Out Boy's hiatus.
The album is scheduled for release on October 18, 2011 through Island, with Stump officially announcing the release on July 25 via Twitter and the internet.
The track "Explode" from the album was leaked on May 6, 2011 for promotion purposes.
The album's first single "This City" was released on July 26, 2011.
The music video for the single will be released on September 20, 2011.
The track features rapper Lupe Fiasco.
"Porcelain" is a song by American electronica musician Moby.
It is the third track from his album Play.
It was the sixth single from that album.
The song was released on June 12, 2000 in the UK.
It reached number 5 in the UK charts.
This is Moby's highest chart position there so far.
The song was released in the U.S. two months later, on August 22.
It was in the 1998 movie Playing by Heart before it was released in the U.S.  It was also on the soundtrack to the 2000 movie The Beach.
(I): In Australia, the song was released as an A-side with "Honey".
Ken Starr (born July 21, 1946) is a U.S. lawyer, a former federal U.S. Court of Appeals Judge and a Solicitor General.
He was Independent Counsel (which was a special office that investigated government officials) while Bill Clinton was the President of the United States.
The Starr Report
Lawyers from Texas
Norman Anthony Smiley (born February 28, 1965 in Northampton, England) is an English professional wrestler who is best known for the ring names, Norman Smiley and for wrestling for WCW.
Smiley is currently working as a trainer and an on–air authority figure for Florida Championship Wrestling and WWE.
Linda Diane Brown (born January 29, 1947) Is an American biologist.
She is most well known for the work she has done to research the olfactory system.
She changed her name to Linda Brown Buck after getting married to Roger Brent.
She studied psychology and microbiology at the University of Washington in Seattle, graduating in 1975.
Buck received her Ph.D. in immunology from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas in 1980.
She researched more at Columbia after her studies in doctoral research .
There, she met Richard Axel.
They worked together from 1984 to 1991, when Buck left New York for a teaching job.
They researched primarily on the genetic and cellular mechanisms relating to an organism’s sense of smell.
When she left New York, Buck worked at Harvard until 2002.
She then joined the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
In 2004, Buck won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for her research on the sense of smell.
She shared her Nobel Prize with Richard Axel.
The two scientists made many new discoveries about Genetic and cellular Mechanisms responsible of the sense of smell in human beings and other organisms.
In a series of experiments Buck (working independently from Axel) discovered how people separate different smells in their nose.
She learned that people detect smells from odor in the air.
Odors are released through many different substances.
These molecules stimulate olfactory response cells in the nose.
They send signals to the brain.
Buck discovered that there are 350 smell receptors in the nose.
Scientists from Seattle, Washington
Richard Axel (born July 2, 1946 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American neuroscientist.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004 for working on the olfactory receptors which he shared with Linda B. Buck.
David Baltimore (born March 7, 1938 in New York City) is an American biologist.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1975 for discovering reverse transcriptase.
He shared the prize with Howard Temin and Renato Dulbecco.
The discovery of reverse transcriptase was made at the same time as Howard Temin.
It overturned the central dogma of molecular biology because it showed that genetic information could traffic both ways between DNA and RNA.
They published these findings in back-to-back papers in the journal, Nature.
Clifford the Big Red Dog is a PBS Kids TV series.
It is based on the book series Clifford the Big Red Dog.
It is about a dog that is big and red.
He gets into trouble sometimes and has 2 best friends, Cleo and T-Bone.
His owner, Emily Elizabeth, loves him very much and takes excellent care of him.
In fact that's how he got so big.
Clifford's ABC (1983)
Clifford and the Big Parade (1998)
Clifford the Big Red Dog (1963, 1985)
Clifford at the Circus (1977)
Count on Clifford (1987)
Clifford's Family (1984)
Clifford the Firehouse Dog (1994)
Clifford's First Autumn (1997)
Clifford's First Christmas (1994)
Clifford's First Valentine's Day (1997)
Clifford Goes to Hollywood (1980)
Clifford's Good Deeds (1988)
Clifford's Manners (1987)
Clifford's Pals (1985)
Clifford's Puppy Days (1989)
Clifford's Riddles (1974)
Clifford's Sports Day (1996)
Clifford's Tricks (1969, 1986)
Clifford's Word Book (1990)
Clifford Go!
Clifford's Best Friend (1999)
Clifford's First School Day (1999)
Clifford's First Snow Day (1998)
Clifford Grows Up (1999, Clifford's Family, Clifford's First Christmas, Clifford's Puppy Days, Clifford the Small Red Puppy, Clifford's First Valentine's Day, Clifford's First Autumn, Clifford's First Halloween and Clifford's First Snow Day)
Clifford's Happy Mother's Day (2001)
Clifford Keeps Cool (1999)
Oops, Clifford! (
1998, Clifford's Sports Day, Clifford the Big Red Dog, Clifford's Manners, Clifford's Tricks, Clifford and the Big Storm, Clifford's Family, Clifford at the Circus and Clifford We Love You)
Clifford to the Rescue (2000, Clifford's Kitten, Clifford and the Big Parade, Clifford at the Circus, Clifford's Riddles, Clifford's Birthday Party, Clifford the Firehouse Dog and Clifford Goes to Hollywood)
Clifford Visits the Hospital (2000)
Clifford We Love You (1991)
Clifford and the Big Storm (1995)
Clifford's Birthday Party (1988)
Clifford's First Halloween (1996)
Clifford Gets a Job (1965, 1985)
Clifford and the Grouchy Neighbors (1985, See Clifford on TV)
Clifford's Halloween (1966, 1986)
Clifford's Hanukkah (1984)
Clifford's Happy Easter (1992)
Clifford's Kitten (1984)
Clifford the Small Red Puppy (1972)
Clifford's Spring Clean-Up (1997)
Clifford Takes a Trip (1966, 1985)
Clifford's Thanksgiving Visit (1993)
Nathaniel Gorham (May 27, 1738 – June 11, 1796) was the fourteenth President of the United States in Congress.
He was also one of the signers of the United States Constitution.
His father was Nathaniel Gorham and his mother was Mary Soley.
He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 until 1783, and also from 1785 until 1787.
Gorham died in Charlestown, Massachusetts in June 11, 1796.
Rafflesiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales order.
They are parasitic plants found in east and southeast Asia, including Rafflesia arnoldii, the plant with the largest flower of all plants.
Righteous Kill is a 2008 crime thriller movie.
Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, John Leguizamo and Donnie Wahlberg are in the movie.
Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson also appears.
The movie received mostly negative reviews from the critics.
2008 crime movies
Hydra (mythology), a monster in Greek mythology
Hydra (constellation), a group of stars
Hydra (animal), simple invertebrate animal that lives in the water.
Hydra (moon), a moon around the planet Pluto
China Airlines is the largest airline in Taiwan, and is the flag carrier of the Republic of China.
It takes passenger and cargo to over 90 cities world-wide.
Its main base or hub is at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport.
Mandarin Airlines, a sister airline and wholly-owned subsidiary of China Airlines, flies places in China and Asia.
China Airlines was started in 1959 as a company fully owned by the Republic of China Government.
It had two PBY Amphibians when it just started.
Airlines of Taiwan
Companies of Taiwan
Mandarin Airlines is an airline from Taiwan.
It takes passenger and cargo to over 34 cities world-wide.
Its main base is at Taichung International Airport.
Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport () is the largest international airport in the Republic of China where most international flights depart and arrive everyday.
Taipei Songshan Airport is in Taipei.
It used to be the international airport of Taiwan.
However as the number of people grew and a bigger airport was needed, there was no room to build more.
In order to solve the problem, construction for new airport that can run 24 hours and meet the growing needs started.
Taoyuan International Airport is in Taoyuan City.
Civil Aeronautics Administration (Taiwan)
Transportation in Taiwan
List of airports in Taiwan
Taichung International Airport Official Website
Chagas disease is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.
The disease is also known as American trypanosomiasis.
It is common in Central and South America.
Carlos Chagas first described it in 1909.
Humans are usually infected because they are bitten by a blood-sucking bug of the subfamily Triatominae.
The disease can also be spread by blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or by eating food contaminated with the parasite.
Pregnant women may spread it to the fetus.
The disease has four stages.
It can be cured by anti-parasitic drugs.
Between eight and eleven million people may suffer from the disease, but many do not know they are infected.
Strategies of controlling the disease are mostly focused on eliminating the insect vector, and on preventing contamination from other sources.
In 1924 he discovered the first fossil of an Australopithecine, at Taung in Northwestern South Africa (now Botswana).
It was Australopithecus africanus, an extinct hominid closely related to humans.
This was a great event in the study of human evolution.
Dart was born in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, the son of a farmer and tradesman.
He studied at the University of Queensland, the University of Sydney and University College London, before taking a position as head of the newly established department of anatomy at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa in 1922.
Dart's closest ally was Robert Broom whose discoveries of further Australopithecines (and Wilfrid Le Gros Clark's support) eventually vindicated Dart.
So much so that in 1947, Sir Arthur Keith said "...Dart was right, and I was wrong."
Other websires
Brain C.K. Raymond Dart and our African origins, in A century of Nature: twenty-one discoveries that changed science and the world, Laura Garwin and Tim Lincoln, eds.
Alumni of University College London‏
Metamorphosis is the second album by Hilary Duff.
The album became Duff's first number one album in the United States.
"MuchMusic" is a Canadian TV channel.
MuchMusic is dedicated to music, music-related programs, pop and youth culture.
One of its popular program is the Top 30 Countdown.
It is similar to MTV.
Slant Magazine is an online magazine which includes reviews of movies, music, TV, DVDs, theater, and video games.
It also has interviews with actors, directors, and musicians.
Chris Applebaum is an American music video director.
He has filmed music videos for many famous musicians including Rihanna, Hilary Duff, and Britney Spears.
Twenty-one of his music videos have become #1 on MTV.
IMDB page
Trypanosomiasis is the name for several diseases, caused by parasites of the genus Tryposoma:
African typanosomiasis or Sleeping sickness, caused by 'Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the Tsetse fly
American typanosomiasis  or Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and spread by various bloodsucking bugs of the subfamily Triatominae