the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
to ask for candy (sweets in the UK) and people give it to them.
The suggestion is: "Give me a treat or I will play a trick on you."
People traditionally dress up as ghosts, witches, or other scary things for Halloween.
Halloween for adults is not the same as it is for children.
It is often referred to as ‘the scariest time of the year’.
For Christians it is the eve of All Saints' Day, which begins the three-day observance of Allhallowtide.
This covers the three days – October 31 (All-Hallows Eve or Hallowe'en), November 1 (All Saints) and November 2 (All Souls).
All Hallows' is a Christianized holiday and originated in Ireland.
It also has pagan roots.
Halloween originated from Ireland.
The pagan holiday Samhain, which the All Saints holy day replaced, was also known as the Day of the Dead.
Many wiccans and modern pagans celebrate the Day of the Dead.
It is the day that some believed the souls of dead people come back to Earth.
This is a happy holiday (even though it celebrates death) because some of the souls will visit the homes of their family.
Pope Gregory III originally designated Halloween on November 1 as a time to honor all saints.
Soon, All Saints Day incorporated some of the traditions of Samhain.
Many Lutheran churches celebrate a holiday on November 2 called the Reformation.
This holiday celebrates the day that Martin Luther put The Ninety-Five Theses on a church door.
After mass Irish and Scottish immigration in the 19th century, Halloween became a major holiday in America.
The mystical rituals of earlier times evolved into more lighthearted fun and games.
For example, the somewhat heavy concept of connecting to the dead was replaced with the more lighthearted idea of telling the future.
Bobbing for apples, for example, became popular as a fortune-telling game on All Hallows' Eve: Apples would be selected to represent all of a woman's suitors, and the guy—er, apple—she ended up biting into would supposedly represent her future husband.
In fact, Halloween previously posed a huge matchmaking opportunity for young women in the 19th century.
Development of symbols connected with Halloween formed with time.
Jack-o'-lanterns are traditionally carried on All Hallows' Eve in order to scare evil spirits.
Elements of the fall season, such as pumpkins, harvest, and scarecrows, are also common.
Homes are often decorated with these types of symbols around Halloween.
Halloween imagery includes themes of horror, magic and the supernatural.
Black, and orange are Halloween's traditional colors.
During Halloween some people, especially children, wear a costume.
People have worn costumes at Halloween for centuries.
Wearing a costume may come from Celtic festivals of Samhain and Calan Gaeaf.
It could also be from the Christian Allhallowtide.
Early costumes were usually scary.
They were often supernatural beings or from folklore.
In the 1930s costumes of characters from literature, radio, or movies became popular, and such costumes are also popular today.
Scary costumes are still popular.
Games and Other Activities
In addition to trick-or-treating, there are several traditional activities connected with Halloween.
In old times people would try to tell the future, especially to try to learn who they would marry.
People make Jack-o-lanterns and place them in front of their houses.
People play a game called apple bobbing.
In this game apples are placed in water, and people must try to remove the apples with only their teeth.
Telling ghost stories, listening to Halloween-themed songs and watching horror films are common activities on Halloween.
TV shows (with special shows usually for children) are commonly shown on or before Halloween, and new scary films are often released before Halloween.
Visiting a 'haunted attraction'.
These are places like houses, farms, or forests, which are decorated in a scary way, and where actors in costumes make scenes to scare the visitors.
Decorating one's house and front yard.
People will often decorate the front part of their houses with Halloween-themed symbols like ghosts, graves, and black and orange objects.
Halloween's Bloody Legacy
Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón  (6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954), usually known as Frida Kahlo, was a Mexican painter.
She was known for her surreal and very personal works.
She was married to Diego Rivera, also a well-known painter.
She was born in Coyoacán, Mexico.
She had polio that left her disabled when she was 6 years old and some people think that she may have had spina bifida (a birth defect affecting the development of part of the spine) as well.
She studied medicine and was going to become a doctor.
Because of a traffic accident at age 18 which badly injured her, she had periods of severe pain for the rest of her life.
After this accident, Kahlo no longer continued her medical studies but took up painting.
She used ideas about things that had happened to her.
Her paintings are often shocking in the way they show pain and the harsh lives of women, especially her feelings about not being able to have children.
Fifty-five of her 143 paintings are of herself.
She was also influenced by native Mexican culture, shown in bright colors, with a mixture of realism and symbolism.
Her paintings attracted the attention of the artist Diego Rivera, whom she later married.
She was openly bisexual and was a communist.
She died of a pulmonary embolism caused by bronchopneumonia in Coyoacán.
Kahlo's work is sometimes called "surrealist", and although she organized art shows several times with European surrealists, she herself did not like that label.
Her attention to female themes, and the honesty in her painting them, made her something of a feminist cult figure in the last decades of the 20th century.
Some of her work is seen at the Frida Kahlo Museum, found in her birthplace and home in suburban Mexico City.
List of Mexican painters
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Mexico
LGBT artists
Mexican painters
Italy: the architect Giuseppe Terragni begins in Como the construction of the Casa del Fascio, completed in 1936, a masterpiece of Italian Rationalism.
London: the financer Amedeo Natoli publish the book Some of the most important features of the economic and financial situation in 1932, completed in 1932, a masterpiece of global Finance market.
January 19 – Richard Lester
February 8 – John Williams
February 12 – Johnny Cash (d. 2003)
February 22 – Ted Kennedy (d. 2009)
March 2 – Gun Hägglund, Swedish television star
March 4 – Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist (d. 2007)
March 4   – Frank Wells, American businessman, president of the Walt Disney Company (d. 1994)
April 27 – Casey Kasem, American radio show host, voice actor (d. 2014)
July 2 – Dave Thomas, founder of Wendy's fast food chain (d. 2002)
August 2 – Peter O'Toole (d. 2013)
September 25 – Adolfo Suárez (d. 2014)
September 29 - Robert Benton
October 20 – William Christopher
November 13 – Richard Mulligan
November 29 – Jacques Chirac (d. 2019)
December 14 – Charlie Rich
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Charles Scott Sherrington,  (1857 –  1952) and Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889 — 1977).
nv:1901 – 1950
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream is a book written by Hunter S. Thompson.
The book is based on an article Thompson wrote for Rolling Stone magazine.
It was later made into a movie directed by Terry Gilliam and starring Johnny Depp and Benicio Del Toro.
The beginnings of the novel
What originally was a two-hundred-fifty-word photo-caption-job for Sports Illustrated grew to a novel-length feature story for Rolling Stone.
Thompson said publisher Jann Wenner had "liked the first 20 or so jangled pages enough to take it seriously on its own terms and tentatively scheduled it for publication — which gave me the push I needed to keep working on it".
He had first submitted a 2,500 word manuscript to Sports Illustrated that was "aggressively rejected".
Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo were based on Thompson and Acosta's life and experiences.
Thompson wrote that he concluded their March trip by spending some thirty-six hours alone in a hotel room "feverishly writing in my notebook" about his experiences.
The genesis of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream is in that notebook.
The novel does not have a clear plot.
Frequently, it is difficult for a reader to know what is imaginary to the fictional characters and what is really happening as fact.
The story accounts for two trips to Las Vegas, Nevada, that Hunter S. Thompson and attorney Oscar Zeta Acosta took in March and April 1971.
The first trip spawned from an exposé Thompson was writing for Rolling Stone magazine about the Mexican-American television journalist Ruben Salazar, whom officers of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office had shot and killed with a tear gas grenade fired at close range during the National Chicano Moratorium March against the Vietnam War in 1970.
Thompson was using Acosta — a prominent Mexican-American political activist and attorney — as a central source for the story, and the two found it difficult for a brown-skinned Mexican to talk openly with a white reporter in the racially tense atmosphere of Los Angeles, California.
The two needed a more comfortable place to discuss the story and decided to take advantage of a Sports Illustrated magazine offer to write photograph captions for the annual Mint 400 desert race being held in Las Vegas.
Weeks later, Thompson and Acosta returned to Las Vegas to report for Rolling Stone on the National District Attorneys Association's Conference on Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs being held from the April 25 to 29, 1971, and to add material to the larger Fear and Loathing narrative.
Besides attending the attorneys' conference, Thompson and Acosta looked for ways in Vegas to explore the theme of the American Dream, which was the basis for the novel's second half, which Thompson referred at the time as "Vegas II".
On April 29, 1971, he began writing the full manuscript in a hotel room in Arcadia, California, in his spare time while completing "Strange Rumblings in Aztlan", the article chronicling the slain Chicano journalist Rubén Salazar.
Rolling Stone magazine cover article
In November 1971, Rolling Stone published the combined texts of the trips as Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream as a two-part article illustrated by Ralph Steadman, who, two years before, had worked with Thompson on a Scanlan's Monthly article titled "The Kentucky Derby is Decadent and Depraved".
Publication of book and reception
The next year, Random House quickly published the hardcover edition, with additional Steadman illustrations; The New York Times said it is "by far the best book yet on the decade of dope", with Tom Wolfe describing it as a "scorching epochal sensation".
1971 books
Las Vegas, Nevada in fiction
Works about drugs
Graham Chapman (8 January 1941 – 4 October 1989) was a British actor, comedian and writer.
He was most famous as a member of Monty Python.
He was openly gay and was in a long-term relationship with writer David Sherlock.
Chapman was born in Leicester.
He studied medicine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
He died of oropharyngeal cancer in Maidstone, Kent.
Deaths from oropharyngeal cancer
Disease-related deaths in Kent
English physicians
Entertainers from Leicestershire
People from Leicester
Writers from Leicestershire
Sir Michael Edward Palin KCMG CBE (born 5 May 1943) is an English actor, comedian and author.
Palin was born in Broomhill, Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire.
He studied modern history at Brasenose College, Oxford.
He became famous as a member of Monty Python in the 1970s.
Afterwards he had his own television series, Ripping Yarns, and also appeared in many movies, such as A Fish Called Wanda.
Over the last 20 years, he has become very well known as a television travel broadcaster ("Around The World in 80 Days", etc.).
Actors from Yorkshire
BAFTA Award winners
British television writers
Comedians from Yorkshire
English television presenters
Entertainers from Sheffield
Television personalities from Yorkshire
Terence Graham Parry Jones (1 February 1942 – 21 January 2020) was a Welsh actor, writer, comedian, screenwriter, film director and historian.
He was a member of Monty Python.
Jones was born on 1 February 1942 in Colwyn Bay, Denbighshire, Wales.
He was married to Alison Telfer, and later to Anna Söderström.
In September 2016 it was announced that Jones had been diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia, a rare form of dementia that impairs the ability to speak and communicate, and that he was no longer able to give interviews.
On 21 January 2020, Jones died from problems caused by the disease, at his home in North London, aged 77.
2020 deaths
British historians
British screenwriters
Deaths from primary progressive aphasia
Welsh movie actors
Welsh television actors
New York, officially the State of New York, is a state of the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies, which were the first thirteen states to make up the US.
New York is in the northeastern United States, bordered by Lake Ontario and Canada on the north, Lake Erie and Canada on the west, Pennsylvania on the west and south, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut on the east, and New Jersey on the south in the eastern parts of the state.
New York was originally New Netherland, started by the Dutch Empire in the early 17th century.
Late in the century, it surrendered to an English fleet during the Anglo-Dutch Wars and became part of the British Empire.
About half the Dutch colony was given to neighboring English colonies.
The Battle of Long Island, Battle of Saratoga, and other important battles of the American Revolution were fought in New York and it joined the new United States.
The slave trade brought many black people into the state, where they were forced to work for white colonists.
The United States Census Bureau says that, as of 2005, New York had the fourth most people (population) in the United States, after California, Texas, and Florida.
New York's estimated population is 19,297,729.
The biggest city in New York is also called New York, located in the south-eastern part of the state and built on the Hudson River; it is by far the biggest city in the U.S.. Part of New York City is on Long Island, a large island in the Atlantic Ocean, and another part of it is on Staten Island, which is to the southwest of Manhattan, the central business district.
Most people living in New York state live in the New York metropolitan area, one of the world's biggest metropolitan areas, which also includes part of eastern New Jersey.
The larger part of New York, north and northwest of the metropolitan area, is called "Upstate New York".
Cities in this part of New York include Buffalo, the state's second largest city, Rochester, Syracuse, and the state capital of Albany.
These places became cities because of the Erie Canal.
Between 1788 and 1797, the Legislature moved the state capital around between Albany, Kingston, Poughkeepsie, and New York City.
Albany became the permanent capital from 1797.
Rolling Stone is an American popular culture magazine.
It mainly features articles about music, as well as sports, movies, and celebrities.
It also features movie and album reviews, "greatest of all time" lists, and political editorials and commentary.
Some of the magazine's famous staffers include Hunter S. Thompson, Peter Travers, Ralph Steadman, PJ O'Rourke, Cameron Crowe (whose experience for the magazine lead him to create the movie, Almost Famous), and Annie Leibowitz.
1967 establishments in the United States
American magazines
Music magazines
Ralph Idris Steadman (born 15 May 1936) is a British cartoonist and illustrator.
He is best known for his artwork for the books and articles of Hunter S. Thompson.
Steadman was born in Salford, Manchester, and brought up in Towyn, North Wales.
He went to Ysgol Emrys Ap Iwan (high school), Abergele, East Ham Technical College and the London College of Printing during the 1970s.
There, he did freelance work for Punch, Private Eye, the Daily Telegraph, The New York Times and Rolling Stone.
British Cartoon Archive, University of Kent has a database with over 100 cartoons by Ralph Steadman
Interview with Ralph Steadman by Laurie Taylor in New Humanist magazine
Interview with Ralph Steadman by Jake McGee in Kotori Magazine
Steadman, Ralph
British illustrators
People from Manchester
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in North Africa.
Tunis is its capital.
Before the Muslims
Since history has been recorded, there were Berber tribes living in what is now Tunisia.
Most of them built little towns and ports along the coastline so they could trade with different travellers from everywhere in the Mediterranean Sea.
The series of wars between the Roman Empire and Carthage ended with the destruction of Carthage in the 2nd Century BC.
Its territory in Africa became part of the Africa Province of the Roman Empire.
When the Roman Empire became weak, the Vandals occupied that region.
This was in the 5th Century AD, and one hundred years after that, it became under the control of the Byzantine emperor Justinian.
Beginning of Islam
In the 7th Century, it was conquered by the Arab Muslims who built a city which they called Kairouan.
This was the first Arab Muslim city in Tunisia.
Many Muslim dynasties (monarchies) ruled Tunisia.
One of the best known dynasties was the Zirids dynasty.
The Zirids were Berber people and followed the rules of the Fatimides, a bigger dynasty in Cairo.
After a brief occupation of Tunisia by the Normans of Sicily in the 12th Century, the Almohad re-conquered it.
After that came the Hafsids.
French Occupation
General Erwin Rommel, the German commander in Africa, wished to defeat the Allies in Tunisia, as the Germans had done in the Battle of France when the Allies were inexperienced against the German Blitzkrieg.
On February 19, 1943, Rommel launched an attack against the U.S. Forces, with his German and Italian troops, in the western area of Tunisia.
That was a disaster for the United States.
After that, the Allies understood the importance of tank warfare.
With better supplies than the Germans, they easily broke into the German lines in southern Tunisia on March 20, 1943.
In May 11, 1943 the last German troops surrendered, followed two days later by the Italian troops.
Independence and revolution
Tunisia became independent in 1956 with the former Bey of Tunis as King.
Prime Minister Habib Bourguiba became the first president in 1957 when it became a republic.
Bourguiba focused on education and economic development.
He was supportive of women's rights.
However, he had a cult of personality around him and most of the power in the country was held by Bourguiba.
In 1987, Bourguiba was removed from power by Zine el Abidine Ben Ali.
Ben Ali ruled as dictator of the country until 2011, when he was overthrown in a revolution.
The revolution was the first major revolution of the Arab Spring.
Tunisia began becoming more democratic, and in 2014, the country held its first free presidential election.
The election was won by Beji Caid Essebsi, a secular, liberal candidate.
Tunisia is in the northern part of Africa.
The Mediterranean Sea joins Tunisia in the north and east; the coastline of Tunisia on the Mediterranean Sea is about 1,300 km.
Tunisia is also bordered by Algeria to the west and Libya to the south-east.
The Sahara Desert covers 40% of Tunisia.
The other 60% is a fertile area.
Standard Arabic is the official language by the Tunisian constitution.
But Tunisians speak  Tunisian Arabic.
Tunisian Arabic is a mix of many languages of people that live or lived in Tunisia.
It is called Darija or Tunsi.
Most people now living Tunisia are Maghrebin Arab.
However, small groups of Berbers and Jews live in Tunisia.
The constitution says that Islam is the official state religion.
It also requires the President to be Muslim.
Tunisia is divided into 24 governorates.
The government used to control the economy, but now it has sold some public companies.
This is called privatization.
Tunisia was also the first Mediterranean country to make an agreement with the European Union.
This association agreement was signed on March 1, 1995.
Tunisia Government official site
Tunisia Chamber of Deputies official site
The North Africa Journal  business news
Tunisia Media Online  government-sourced
News and Views of the Maghreb
AllAfrica.com—Tunisia news headline links
BBC News Country Profile—Tunisia
Encyclopedia Britannica, Tunisia—Country Page
Tunisia on arab.net
CIA World Factbook—Tunisia
Open Directory Project—Tunisia directory category
country info & who's who
Tunisland The Biggest Video Website For Everything Tunisian
Everything about Tunisia
Nawaat
Tunisian online demonstration as protest against dictatorship
For the liberation of Political Prisoners in Tunisia
TunisiaOnline
The Tunisian law  from Jurispedia
Tunisia Daily
List of catholic marriages in Tunisia 1801–1949
Tunisia Today
Tunisian Community Center (the Organization of Tunisian-Americans)
Tunisia Postcards
Tunisia -Citizendium
1956 establishments in Africa
February 17 – U.S. President Richard Nixon visits China.
May 15 – Governor George C. Wallace of Alabama is shot by Arthur H. Bremer at a Laurel, Maryland political rally.
June 13-22 – Hurricane Agnes strikes Florida and moves through the East Coast of the United States.
In Pennsylvania and New York, Agnes causes heavy flooding that kills many people.
Total damage from the storm is $3 billion.
June 29 – The United States Supreme Court rules that the death penalty is unconstitutional.
July 25 – The first newspaper stories about the Tuskegee syphilis experiment are published.
This will lead to the end of the experiment, where poor African-Americans were infected with syphilis and not given treatment.
September 17 – The television comedy series M*A*S*H premieres in the United States.
Writer and pen club president Heinrich Böll receives the Nobel Prize for literature.
January 2 – Adam Elliot, Australian animator
January 11 – Amanda Peet, American actress
January 16 - Greg Page, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
February 17 – Billie Joe Armstrong, American singer (Green Day)
February 17 – Yuki Isoya, Japanese singer (Judy and Mary)
March 6 – Shaquille O'Neal, professional basketball player, actor and rapper
March 7 - Simon Pryce, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
March 15 – Mark Hoppus, American musician (Blink 182)
March 17 – Oksana Grishuk, Ukrainian figure skater
March 23 – Jonas Björkman, Swedish tennis player
April 17 – Jennifer Garner, American actress
April 20 – Carmen Electra, American model
May 2 – Dwayne Johnson, Retired professional wrestler and actor
May 4 – Mike Dirnt, American musician (Green Day)
May 6 – Martin Brodeur, Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender
June 23 – Zinedine Zidane, French footballer
August 6 – Geri Halliwell, English singer (Spice Girls)
August 9 – Juan Esteban Aristizábal Vásquez, Colombian singer ad songwriter
August 15 – Ben Affleck, American actor
August 25 – Rachael Ray, American talk show host and cook
August 27 – Denise Lewis, English athlete
August 27 – Dalip Singh Rana, Indian professional wrestler and actor
August 30 – Cameron Diaz, American actress
September 7 - Simon Nash, English actor
September 28 – Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress
October 17 – Eminem, American rapper
December 9 – Tré Cool, American musician (Green Day)
December 19 – Alyssa Milano, American actress
December 28 – Pat Rafter, Australian tennis player
January 16 – Ross Bagdasarian, American pianist and actor (b. 1919)
April 27 – Kwame Nkrumah, first President of Ghana (b. 1909)
May 5 – Martiros Saryan, Russian-Armenian painter (b. 1880)
May 28 – HRH the Duke of Windsor, formerly Edward VIII King of the United Kingdom (b. 1894)
December 26 – Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States (b. 1884)
December 27 – Lester Pearson, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1897)
The Posiedon Adventure
What's Up, Doc
"People Need Love" – ABBA
"He Is Your Brother" – ABBA
"Starman" – David Bowie
"Take It Easy" – The Eagles
"Jealous Guy" – John Lennon
"All The Young Dudes" – Mott the Hoople
"You're So Vain" – Carly Simon
"Me and Julio Down By The Schoolyard" – Paul Simon
"Mother and Child Reunion" – Paul Simon
"Duncan" – Paul Simon
"America" – Simon and Garfunkel
"You Wear It Well" – Rod Stewart
"Ben"- Michael Jackson
"Parle plus bas (Le Parrain)"- Dalida
"Les choses de l'amour"- Dalida
"Baby Don't Get Hooked on Me" – Mac Davis
"For Emily, Whenever I May Find Her" – Simon and Garfunkel
"American Pie" – Don McLean
"Horse With No Name" – America
"Ventura Highway" – America
"Crocodile Rock" – Elton John
"Rocket Man" – Elton John
"Layla" – Derek & the Dominoes
"Rock & Roll Part 2" – Gary Glitter
"You Don't Mess Around With Jim" – Jim Croce
"The Candyman" – Sammy Davis Jr.
"Lean on Me" – Bill Withers
"Freddie's Dead (Theme From Superfly)" – Curtis Mayfield
"If You Don't Know Me By Now" – Harold Melvin & the Bluenotes
"I Gotcha" – Joe Tex
"Without You" – Harry Nilsson
"Let's Stay Together" – Al Green
"Brand New Key" – Melanie
"Signs" – The Drifters
"My Ding-A-Ling" – Chuck Berry
"Morning Has Broken" – Cat Stevens
"I Can See Clearly Now" – Johnny Nash
"The First Time I Ever Saw Your Face" – Roberta Flack
"I'll Take You There" – The Staple Singers
"Brandy (You're a Fine Girl)" – Looking Glass
"Long Cool Woman (In a Black Dress)" – Hollies
Papa Was a Rollin' Stone – The Temptations
"Heart of Gold" – Neil Young
"Alone Again (Naturally)" – Gilbert O'Sullivan
"Nights in White Satin" – The Moody Blues
"Back Stabbers" – The O'Jays
"I'm Stone in Love With You" – The Stylistics
"I Am Woman" – Helen Reddy
"Song Sung Blue" – Neil Diamond
"The Candy Man" – Sammy Davis Jr.
"The Lion Sleeps Tonight" – Robert John
"Rock and Roll" – Led Zeppelin
"Metal Guru" – T.Rex
"Two Divided By Love" – The Grass Roots
"Burning Love" – Elvis Presley
"Joy" – Apollo 100
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas – Hunter S. Thompson
January 4 – The State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of the dead and injured in the Kent State shootings
February 1 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile
March 4 – The U.S. Voyager 1 spaceprobe photos show Jupiter's rings
April 1 – Iran's government becomes an Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially
May 1 – Greenland is given limited autonomy from Denmark.
The new Parliament of Greenland will meet in Nuuk.
June 18 – Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II agreement in Vienna
July 16 – Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Vice President Saddam al-Tikriti replaces him
August 3 – Dictator Francisco Macías Nguema of Equatorial Guinea is overthrown in a bloody coup d'état led by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
September 1 – The American Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km
September 7 – The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for $1 billion to avoid bankruptcy
September 7 – ESPN starts broadcasting
September 16 – Three families flee from East Germany by balloon
September 20 – French paratroopers help David Dacko to overthrow Bokassa
September 22 – The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test
October 14 – A major gay rights march in the United States takes place in Washington, DC, involving many tens of thousands of people
October 16 – 23 people die in Nice, France, when the coastal town is hit by a tsunami
October 21 – 259 Muslim radicals occupy Kaaba and the Grand Mosque in Mecca.
Saudi-Arabian army goes in to expel them
October 26 – South Korean president Park Chunghee killed by KCIA head Kim Jaekyu
October 27 – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independence
October 29 – Pope John Paul II visits Ireland
November 5 – The radio news program Morning Edition premieres on National Public Radio in the United States
December 5 – Jack Lynch resigns as Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland.
He is succeeded by Charles Haughey.
December 15 – Chris Haney and Scott Abbott develop the board game Trivial Pursuit
January 2 – Morena Baccarin, Brazilian actress
January 12 – Marián Hossa, Slovakian hockey player
January 16 – Aaliyah, American singer (d. 2001)
January 20 – Will Young, English singer and actor
January 26 – Sara Rue, American actress
February 9 – Irina Slutskaya, Russian figure skater
February 11 – Brandy Norwood, American singer
February 21 – Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress
March 8 – Tom Chaplin, English singer (Keane)
March 9 – Melina Perez, American wrestler
March 12 – Pete Doherty, English musician
March 27 – Hiromu Shinozuka, Japanese manga artist
Heath Ledger, Australian actor (d. 2008)
Roberto Luongo, Canadian hockey player
April 5 – Timo Hildebrand, German footballer
April 24 – Marie Picasso, Swedish model and singer
May 9 – Pierre Bouvier, Canadian musician
May 15 – Dominic Scott, Irish guitarist
May 16 – Prince Carl Philip of Sweden
May 26 – Ashley Massaro American model and wrestler
May 29 – Arne Friedrich German footballer
August 3 – Evangeline Lilly, Canadian actress
August 16 – Cleo Lemon, American NFL player
September 13 – Manuel Friedrich, German footballer
September 17 – Chuck Comeau, Canadian musician
October 1 - Florin Salam, Romanian singer
October 3 – John Hennigan, American wrestler
October 8 – Kristanna Loken, American actress
November 14 – Michael Owen, English footballer
November 27 – Hilary Hahn, American violinist
December 26 – Chris Daughtry, American singer
January 3 – Conrad Hilton, American hotelier  (b. 1887)
January 16 – Ted Cassidy, American actor  (b. 1932)
January 26 – Nelson Rockefeller, American politician and businessman (b. 1908)
February 2 – Sid Vicious, English musician (b. 1957)
February 7 – Josef Mengele, Nazism war criminal (b. 1911)
March 30 – José María Velasco Ibarra, 24th President of Ecuador (b. 1893)
April 4 – Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Pakistani politician
May 25 – American Airlines Flight 191 casualties
June 11 – John Wayne, American actor (b. 1907)
July 3 – Louis Durey, French composer (b. 1988)
August 3 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
September 28 – John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (b. 1921)
September 29 – Francisco Macías Nguema, first President of Equatorial Guinea (executed) (b. 1924)
October 26 – Pak Chŏng Hŭi, President of the Republic of Korea (b. 1917)
November 1 – Mamie Eisenhower, American First Lady (b. 1896)
November 25 – Ky Ebright, American Olympic rowing coach (b. 1894)
December 27 – Hafizullah Amin, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929)
Nobel Prize in Physics shared by Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg for their work on electroweak interactions
Nobel Prize in Chemistry shared by Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig for their work with organoboranes
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shared by Allan McLeod Cormack and Godfrey N. Hounsfield for their work on X-ray computed tomography
Nobel Prize in Literature won by Odysseas Elytis, Greek poet
Nobel Peace Prize won by Mother Teresa
Nobel Prize in Economics – Theodore Schultz, American economist, and W. Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian economist
Alien, important for science fiction types of movie
The Amityville Horror  based on Jay Anson's novel
Apocalypse Now, written by Francis Ford Coppola and John Milius
Kramer vs. Kramer, winner of 5 Academy Awards
Monty Python’s Life of Brian
The Warriors, a cult movie
"A Message To You Rudi/Nite Klub" – The Specials
"Accidents Will Happen" – Elvis Costello and the Attractions
"After the Love Has Gone" – Earth, Wind & Fire
"Ambition" – Vic Goddard and the Subway Sect
"Bad Case Of Loving You(Doctor Doctor)" – Robert Palmer
"Bang Bang" – B.A. Robertson
"Bat out of Hell" – Meat Loaf
"Boogie Wonderland" – Earth Wind and Fire with the Emotions
"Born To Be Alive" – Patrick Hernandez
"Boys Don't Cry" – The Cure
"Boys Keep Swinging" – David Bowie
"Breakfast In America" – Supertramp
"Bright Side Of The Road" – Van Morrison
"California Über Alles" – The Dead Kennedys
"Can You Feel The Force" – The Real Thing
"Can't Stand Losing You" – The Police
"Chiquitita" – ABBA
"Comme disait Mistinguett" – Dalida
"Computer Games" – Mi-Sex
"Cool for Cats" – Squeeze
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love" – Queen
"Cruel To Be Kind" – Nick Lowe
"Dance Away" – Roxy Music
"Death Disco" – Public Image Limited
"Do Anything You Wanna Do" – Thin Lizzy
"Does Your Mother Know?" –
"Don't Do Me Like That" – Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
"Don't Stop Me Now" – Queen
"Dreaming" – Blondie
"Driver's Seat" – Sniff and the Tears
"Duchess" – The Stranglers
"Electricity" – OMD
"Eton Rifles" – The Jam
"Every Day Hurts" – Sad Cafe
"Everybody's Happy Nowadays" – The Buzzcocks
"Gangsters" – The Specials AKA
"Gimme!
Gimme!" –
"Girls Talk" – Dave Edmunds
"Go West" – Village People
"Gonna Get Along Without You Now" – Viola Wills
"Goodbye Stranger" – Supertramp
"H.A.P.P.Y. Radio" – Edwin Starr
"He must have been eighteen" – Dalida
"Helwa Ya Baladi" – Dalida
"Here Comes The Summer" – The Undertones
"Highway to Hell" – AC/DC
"I Don't Like Mondays" – The Boomtown Rats
"I Only Wanna Be With You" – The Tourists
"I Have A Dream" – ABBA
"Il faut danser reggae" – Dalida
"In The Navy" – Village People
"Into The Valley" – The Skids
"Is It Love You're After?" –
"Is She Really Going Out With Him?" –
"Jimmy Jimmy" – The Undertones
"Just The Way You Are" – Barry White
"Just What I Needed" – The Cars
"Lady Writer" – Dire Straits
"Lay Your Love On Me" – Racey
"Let me dance tonight" – Dalida
"Let's Go" – The Cars
"London Calling" – The Clash
"Lucky Number" – Lene Lovich
"Making Plans For Nigel" – XTC
"Milk And Alcohol" – Dr. Feelgood
"Monday, Tuesday... Laissez-moi danser" – Dalida
"Morning Dance" – Spyro Gyra
"Oliver's Army" – Elvis Costello and the Attractions
"On My Radio" – The Selector
"One Step Beyond" – Madness
"On The Inside – Lynne Hamilton
"Parisenne Walkways" – Gary Moore
"Problemorama (L'Argent... L'Argent...)" – Dalida
"Reasons To Be Cheerful (Part 3)" – Ian Dury and the Blockheads
"Rikki Don't Lose That Number" – Steely Dan
"Roll Over Beethoven(EP)" – Chuck Berry
"Roxanne" – The Police
"Sarah" – Thin Lizzy
"Slap And Tickle" – Squeeze
"Smash It Up" – The Damned
"Something Else/Friggin' In The Riggin'" – The Sex Pistols
"Spiral Scratch(EP)" – The Buzzcocks
"Stop Your Sobbing" – Pretenders
"Sultans Of Swing" – Dire Straits
"Take Me To The River" – Talking Heads
"Tears Of A Clown/Ranking Full Stop" – The Beat
"The Ballad Of Lucy Jordan" – Marianne Faithfull
"The Cost Of Living(EP)" – The Clash
"The Logical Song" – Supertramp
"The Long Run" – The Eagles
"Transmission" – Joy Division
"Union City Blue" – Blondie
"Up The Junction" – Squeeze
"Vedrai Vedrai" – Dalida
"Voulez-Vous" – ABBA
"We Are Family" – Sister Sledge
"Whatever You Want" – Status Quo
"Wonderful Christmastime" – Paul McCartney
"You Decorated My Life" – Kenny Rogers
"You Needed Me" – Anne Murray
Douglas Adams – The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
V. C. Andrews – Flowers in the Attic
David Attenborough – Life on Earth
L. Sprague de Camp, editor – The Blade of Conan
Stephen King – The Dead Zone
The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia.
Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia.
East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam.
Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, largest city and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government.
The nearby planned capital of Putrajaya is the administrative capital; which represents the seat of both the executive branch (Cabinet, federal ministries and agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government.
With a population of over 110 million, Malaysia is the world's 43rd-most populous country.
The southernmost point of continental Eurasia is in Tanjung Piai.
In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to a number of endemic species.
The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, with most people being Malay, but there are also Chinese and Indians.
Its official language is Malay written in the Latin alphabet.
English is a recognised language and also the official language in Sarawak state along with Malay.
Tamil and Chinese is also often used.
There are over 130 other languages spoken in Malaysia, with 94 in Malaysian Borneo and 40 on the peninsula.
Islam is the official religion, but non-Malay citizens have the freedom to practice other religions.
Between China and India, Malaysia was an ancient trading place.
When Europeans came to this area, Malacca became an important trade port.
The states of Malaysia became a colony of the British Empire, starting with Penang in 1786.
The peninsular part became independent on 31 August 1957 as the Federation of Malaya.
In September 1963, Malaya, Singapore and the Borneo part joined together to become Malaysia.
In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation and declared independence.
Politics and economy
Malaysia has 13 states, which are Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu, and three federal territories, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan.
The number of points of the star on the flag represents the number of states Malaysia has, but it has 14 because Singapore was one of the states in Malaysia during its creation.
The 14th point now represents the federal territories, called Wilayah Persekutuan.
The head of state of Malaysia is known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, otherwise called the "King of Malaysia".
That title is currently held by Sultan Abdullah of Pahang.
Malaysia's head of government is the Prime Minister.
Its current prime minister is Ismail Sabri Yaakob.
It also has a parliament and a court system.
It is a founding member of ASEAN.
The following is a list of places in Malaysia.
They are in order by the date they were given city status.
George Town (1 January 1957)
Kuala Lumpur (1 February 1972)
Ipoh (27 May 1988)
Kuching (1 August 1988)
Johor Bahru (1 January 1994)
Kota Kinabalu (2 February 2000)
Shah Alam (10 October 2000)
Melaka City (15 April 2003)
Alor Setar (21 December 2003)
Miri (20 May 2005)
Petaling Jaya (20 June 2006)
Kuala Terengganu (1 January 2008)
Iskandar Puteri (22 November 2017)
Seberang Perai (16 September 2019)
Seremban (20 January 2020)
Subang Jaya (20 October 2020)
Pasir Gudang (22 November 2020)
Kuantan (21 February 2021)
Sandakan (22 February 2022)
Malaysia is a multi-religious society, and Islam is the largest population of believers.
Most of the Malay people in Malaysia embrace Islam naturally as their religion.
Besides Islam, Malaysia has other religions such as Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism.
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multilingual society, consisting of 65% Malays and other indigenous tribes, 25% Chinese, 7% Indians.
The Malays, which form the largest community, are all Muslims since one has to be Muslim to be legally Malay under Malaysian law.
The Malays play a dominant role politically and are included in a grouping identified as bumiputera.
Many cultures from within the country and from surrounding areas have influenced the cuisine.
Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran cultures, largely because the country was part of the ancient spice route.
Food from one culture is sometimes also cooked using ways taken from another culture, for example, shrimp paste (belacan) and sambal are commonly used by Chinese restaurants for cooking.
This means that although much of Malaysian food can be traced back to a certain culture, they have their own identity.
Rice is popular in many dishes.
Chili is commonly found in local cuisine, although this does not necessarily make them spicy.
Examples are laksa, which is a spicy noodle dish common in Malaysia and teh tarik, which is a popular drink.
Malaysia's national sports centre is the Bukit Jalil Sports Complex.
Nicol David (squash) and Lee Chong Wei (badminton) are notable athletes from Malaysia.
Malaysia won 12 gold medals in the Commonwealth Games 2010 in India, and broke their Commonwealth Games target.
Malaysia's road network covers 98,721 kilometres (61,342 mi) and includes 1,821 kilometres (1,132 mi) of expressways.
The longest highway of the country, the North-South Expressway, extends over 800 kilometres (497 mi) between the Thai border and Singapore.
The road systems in Sabah and Sarawak are less developed and of lower quality in comparison to that of Peninsular Malaysia.
Malaysia has 118 airports, of which 38 are paved.
The official airline of Malaysia is Malaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air service alongside two other carriers.
The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849 kilometres (1,149 mi).
There are also Light Rail Transit in Kuala Lumpur.
Malaysian Government Portal
Malaysian maps
Malaysia Travel Guide  - Most comprehensive travel guide to Malaysia attractions
States and territories established in the 1960s
Mickey Mouse is an American cartoon character created in 1928 at Walt Disney Animation Studios.
The character serves as the mascot of The Walt Disney Company.
He is the Walt Disney company's mascot.
He is the main character in Fantasia.
Mickey Mouse also has television shows with other characters including Donald Duck, Goofy, Minnie Mouse, and Pluto.
Minnie Mouse is his girlfriend.
His birthday is November 18, 1928.
This is the same day as Minnie Mouse.
Mickey Mouse has a pet; a dog named Pluto.
Pluto has 5 puppies with Minnie's dog Fifi.
Mickey's friends
Minnie Mouse (Girlfriend)
Donald Duck (Best friend)
Goofy (2nd Best friend)
Pluto (Pet)
Daisy Duck (Friend)
Fictional mice and rats
Kingdom Hearts characters
Mickey Mouse universe characters
Fictional American people
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of virus called a retrovirus, which infects the human immune system (the system in the body which is in charge of fighting off illness).
HIV may cause AIDS (a collection of diseases and symptoms) by eventually killing the white blood cells which a healthy body uses to fight off diseases.
How people get infected
It is possible that a person can get infected with HIV if any body liquid with the virus gets into their body.
The body liquids that carry HIV are blood, semen, liquid from the vagina, and breast milk.
The liquids can go into the body through injured skin.
The liquids can also enter through the mouth, eyes, nose, vagina, anus, or penis.
However, though HIV might enter the body through any of these places, when people get HIV by having sex, the virus usually enters the body through the vagina or anus.
A person with HIV can give a sexual partner the virus if they have unprotected sex.
That means having sexual intercourse without a condom.
A person can get HIV if he or she uses the same needle as a person with HIV to inject drugs or get a tattoo.
A person may get HIV if he or she is stuck by a needle that was used on a patient with HIV.
Babies can get the virus from their mothers when they are born or when they are breastfeeding.
A baby may be protected from getting HIV this way if their mother takes certain medications while she is pregnant.
Blood transfusions using infected blood products was a common cause of HIV.
The blood had been taken from people with HIV infections.
Now, in the developed world screening of blood products for HIV has mostly stopped this happening.
However, people may still get HIV from blood transfusions in less-developed countries if blood is not screened carefully.
A person cannot get infected with HIV from non-sexual touching, like a hug or handshake, or touching someone else's saliva.
A person cannot get HIV from an insect bite, a cough, or a sneeze.
People also cannot get HIV from touching light switches, using toilets, or drinking from the same glass as a person with HIV.
a Other studies found insufficient evidence that male circumcision protects against HIV infection among men who have sex with men
b Oral trauma, sores, inflammation, concomitant sexually transmitted infections, ejaculation in the mouth, and systemic immune suppression may increase HIV transmission rate.
† "best-guess estimate"
‡ Pooled transmission probability estimate.
Bracketed values represent 95% confidence interval.
Drug treatment
HIV causes a person to become more prone to illness, so infected people need treatment options.
However, there is no cure for HIV.
To help ease negative symptoms, drugs called anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are available.
This treatment is also called high active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART).
HAART treatment begins with one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).
The NRTI drug could be named zidovudine (AZT), tenofovir (TDF), andlamivudine (3TC), or emtricitabine (FTC).
These drugs slow the progression of the HIV virus in the body.
Usually, these treatments consist of a combination of three or more drugs, and each drug performs a different job in fighting the virus.
In general, HAART prevents the HIV from multiplying and destroying CD4 cells.
CD4 cells are necessary to help protect the body from infections and cancer.
Since the HIV virus destroys CD4 cells, it causes people with HIV to be more prone to illness.
It is recommended to start HAART if a person has HIV and has a CD4 cell count of less than or equal to 350 cells/mm3.
This number can be determined by a doctor.
A person’s age, sex, and other infections determine which treatment he or she should take.
These medication regimens can help HIV-infected people live longer, healthier lives, and can also help prevent the HIV from advancing to AIDS.
General treatment
There has been controversy surrounding when the correct time to start therapy should be after a person discovers that he or she has HIV.
Recently, the answer has been that earlier treatment is recommended.
This is because, first, effective therapy can prevent non-AIDS-related deaths.
Second, therapy can prevent harm to a person’s immune system.
Third, therapy can help prevent transmission of HIV to others, and can therefore reduce HIV prevalence overall.
Although there are some negative side effects of antiretroviral medications, the benefits of therapy usually outweigh the negative effects.
Effects of therapy
Patients on HAART have reported significant improvements in physical health, emotional health, mental health, and daily function compared to HIV-positive patients not yet on treatment.
Most research has occurred in developing countries, and little research has been done on the impacts of ART on household wellbeing.
Although HAART can be an effective means to treating HIV, there can be many negative side effects.
Negative side effects can vary by drug, by ethnicity, and by drug interactions in the body.
The following list contains the most common and serious negative side effects associated with HAART medications to treat HIV.
Lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis, and body fat redistribution (lipodystrophy)
Fever, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue
Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Fatigue, mood changes, liver function, insomnia
May have significant interactions with other drugs; dosage adjustments would be required
Metabolic abnormalities including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and lipodystrophy
May increase risk of bleeding in hemophiliacs
Rash, diarrhea, vomiting, taste perversion, fatigue
May have significant interactions with other drugs; dosage adjustment would be required
Injection site reactions, neutropenia, increased frequency of pneumonia
Diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, headache, liver function, joint pain
Nausea, diarrhea, headache, rash
Increased serum creatinine, proteinuria, nausea, diarrhea
Alternative therapy
Many people living with HIV have tried using alternative treatment methods, known as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
Some types of CAM include stress management, natural health products, massage/therapeutic touch, acupuncture, and homeopathy.
Stress management can increase quality of life for a person with HIV.
Even with little evidence of its effectiveness, many people chose to try CAM because of the many negative side effects associated with HAART and the few negative side effects associated with CAM.