the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It reached the first place in the charts of many countries.
The next album was "Bounce" in 2002.
It's was influenced by the September 11 attacks.
"The Circle"
"The Circle" was released in 2009.
They were on tour in 2010 in places like New Jersey.
It consists of songs like "We Weren't Born To Follow", "Thorn In My Side", and "Bullet".
1984 - "Bon Jovi"
1985 - "7800° Fahrenheit"
1986 - "Slippery When Wet"
1988 - "New Jersey"
1992 - "Keep The Faith"
1994 - "Crossroad"
1995 - "These Days"
2000 - "Crush"
2002 - "Bounce"
2004 - "100,000,000 Bon Jovi Fans Can't Be Wrong..."
2005 - "Have a Nice Day"
2007 - "Lost Highway"
2009 - "The Circle"
2010 - "Greatest Hits"
2013 - "What About Now"
2015 - "Burning Bridges"
2016 - "This House Is Not For Sale"
2020 - "2020"
Jon Bon Jovi - lead vocals, rhythm guitars (1983-present)
Tico Torres - drums, percussion (1983-present)
David Bryan - keyboards, backing vocals (1983-present)
Hugh McDonald - bass guitar, backing vocals (1994-present)
Bobby Bandiera - rhythm guitars, backing vocals (2003-present)
Lorenza Ponce - violin, fiddle, backing vocals (2007-present)
Kurt Johnston - pedal steel, backing vocals (2007-present)
Richie Sambora - lead & rhythm guitars, backing vocals, lead vocals (1983-2013)
Alec John Such - bass guitar, backing vocals (1983-1994)
Jeff Kazee - Additional keyboards, backing vocals (Touring musician 2003-2007)
Bon Jovi.com
The Official Bon Jovi Website
1980s establishments in New Jersey
The movie was directed by Anatole Litvak.
The movie stars Ingrid Bergman, Yul Brynner, and Helen Hayes.
Other players include Akim Tamiroff (who earlier worked with Ingrid Bergman in the movie For Whom the Bell Tolls), Martita Hunt (who has a comic part as a fussy lady-in-waiting), and, in a small role, Natalie Schafer (familiar to television audiences from her later role on Gilligan's Island).
This movie was one of many European movies directed by Litvak into the 1950s and 1960s.
It earned an Academy Award for Bergman, who did more movies after this movie.
It was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay.
Historical Basis
The movie is based upon the story of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia.
The youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II, Anastasia was brutally murdered along with her parents and siblings by the Bolsheviks, in an attempt to prevent them from reclaiming power, should they ever escape from captivity.
Despite the testimony of Yakov Yurovsky and others present at the shooting, many failed to believe that every member of the family had been killed.
This rumor was made worse by stories of one or more of them escaping, thanks to sympathetic guards at the Ipatiev House, where they were being held.
Also complicating the truth was the fact the location of the bodies remained a mystery, as they had been burned and buried in a remote forest.
With rumors swirling that one or more of the Romanovs might have escaped, numerous individuals came forward claiming to be one of the Grand Duchesses or Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich.
The most notable of these was Anna Anderson, who rose to fame in the 1920s with her outlandish claims that she was Anastasia.
The movie was most certainly based on Anderson's story, as the opening shots show a woman about to commit suicide from a bridge, as Anna Anderson did.
While Anderson vehemently stated she was the heir to the Romanov family, many around her had doubts.
Nevertheless, her story was immensely popular with the public.
While the movie hints that Anna was in fact Anastasia, it is now proved beyond a doubt that Anderson was an impostor.
With the final resting places of the Romanovs were discovered in 1991 and 2008, all of their bodies have been accounted for.
Additionally, DNA tests conducted on the bodies prove that all were members of the Romanov family.
Further, DNA testing on a piece of Anderson's intestine that had been saved during an operation she had during the early 1980s proved that she was not a Romanov, but most likely Franziska Schanzkowska, a Polish factory worker with a history of mental illness.
Nevertheless, doubt still persisted.
Several strands of her hair were discovered in a book, which was also tested.
This too proved she was not a member of the royal family and also increased the likelihood that she was Schanzkowska.
The movie tells the story of a young, confused woman in 1920s France, played by Ingrid Bergman.
She is found by a group of Russian people who have left their country.
They want her to pretend to the world that she is Anastasia, in order to retrieve her inheritance.
The real Anastasia, if she were alive, would inherit millions of pounds which had been left in an English bank by the Tsar.
The Russians, led by General Bounine (played by Yul Brynner), teach her how to behave as the Grand Duchess Anastasia would.
They teach her everything she ought to know about her childhood.
They teach her to walk like a Duchess, practicing with a book on her head.
When they think she is ready, she is introduced to several people who knew Anastasia.
None of them believe she really is Anastasia.
The real test comes when she is taken by General Bounine (Brynner) to Denmark to meet the Dowager Empress, Maria Feodorovna, mother of the Tsar, played by Helen Hayes.
At first the old Empress does not believe the young woman is her granddaughter, but when Anastasia coughs because she is nervous, the Empress remembers that Anastasia used to do this as a child.
She now believes she is her granddaughter.
Meanwhile, Prince Paul wants to marry Anastasia.
He's obviously after the money he thinks she will inherit.
In the final scene, there is a party.
The Dowager Empress is going to announce the engagement between Paul and Anastasia, but Anastasia and General Bounine have suddenly disappeared.
The Dowager realizes that Anastasia does not desire fame, but simply love, with the man of her choosing.
She says very bravely that she will go in to where all the guests are waiting and tell them that the party is over and that they should go home.
Animated feature
An animated musical version of Anastasia was made in 1997 by Fox Animation Studios.
See: Anastasia (1997 movie).
1956 drama movies
Movies set in Russia
Movies directed by Anatole Litvak
Valdivia is a city, commune and municipality in southern Chile.
Valdivia is the capital of Los Ríos Region (Spanish for Region of the Rivers), one of Chile's 16 regions.
Valdivia is most known for being the city most affected by the Great Chilean Earthquake.
The SSR Airport is near the city Mahebourg in Mauritius.
It is also the only big airport in this country.
Airports in Africa
General (retired) Syed Pervez  Musharraf () (born 11 August 1943) is a Pakistani politician and retired Four-star general of the Pakistan Army, who was a former military dictator and the tenth President of Pakistan from 20 June 2001 to 18 August 2008, when he tendered his resignation to avoid Impeachment.
Previously, he was Chief Executive of Pakistan as well as former Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army and he took over power in Pakistan in 1999, by one day removing the then elected government of Nawaz Sharif.
He has charged with multiple murders in April 2013 and was given bail in October 2013.
Then he was arrested again.
In 2019, Musharraf was sentenced to death in absentia over his treason charges.
Syed Pervez Musharraf was born on 11 August 1943 in Delhi, British India (present-day India) during the British Raj.
Musharraf was raised in Karachi and Istanbul.
He studied Mathematics at Forman Christian College in Lahore and was also Educated at the Royal College of Defence Studies in the United Kingdom.
Musharraf entered the Pakistan Military Academy in 1961 and was Commissioned to the Pakistan Army in 1964, playing an active Role in the Afghan civil war.
Musharraf saw action during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 as a second Lieutenant.
By the 1980s, he was commanding an Artillery brigade.
In the 1990s, Musharraf was promoted to Major general and assigned an Infantry division, and later commanded the Special Services Group.
Soon after, he also served as Deputy military secretary and Director general of military operations.
Musharraf rose to national Prominence when he was promoted to a Four-star general by Prime minister, Nawaz Sharif in 1998, making Musharraf the head of the Armed forces.
He led the Kargil infiltration that almost brought India and Pakistan to a full-fledged War in 1999.
Pakistani military people
People from Delhi
Pakistani Muslims
Presidents of Pakistan
Bas-relief is a type of relief (sculpture) that has less depth to the faces and figures than they actually have, when measured proportionately (to scale).
This technique keeps the natural shapes of the figures and allows the work to be seen from many angles without twisting the figures themselves.
There is a continuation of the bas-relief technique into the next category, altorilievo, or high relief.
High relief makes deeper images than bas-relief.
Instead of shallow backgrounds that are a few inches (cm) deep at most, they can be up to several feet (a few meters) deep in altorilievo.
Some of the best examples of bas-relief are the Assyrian Lion Hunt Reliefs, which are housed at the British Museum.
The attention to detail and appearance of the lions moving make them stand out, especially for the time period they were made in.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02341a.htm
Dogfights is a TV show on The History Channel.
It uses computer animation to show dogfights from wars and talks with the pilots.
A dogfight is a close air fight between fighter planes.
It often involves turning, climbing, and swirling.
The first aerial dogfight occurred during the Battle of Cer (15–24 August 1914), when Serbian aviator Miodrag Tomić encountered an Austro-Hungarian plane while performing a reconnaissance mission over Austro-Hungarian positions.
The Austro-Hungarian pilot initially waved, and Tomić waved back.
The Austro-Hungarian pilot then fired at Tomić with his revolver.
Tomić produced a pistol of his own and fired back.
Tomić managed to escape, and within several weeks, all Serbian and Austro-Hungarian planes were fitted with machine-guns.
Modern weapons such as homing missiles did not exist in that time, and planes could only fight each other with machine guns.
Since the machine guns were only useful at close range, the planes had to fly very close together to have combat.
Pilots had to fly with many maneuvers to try to not be shot, and be able to shoot the enemy planes.
This new type of flying was named dogfighting.
Fighter planes made just for this type of flying were sometimes called dogfighters.
During World War II many had autocannons firing small, explosive artillery shells.
They kept farther apart so they would not be destroyed quickly.
In modern air combat, there are many long range weapons that can be used before dogfighting.
Homing missiles can be fired much further away from the target than machine guns, and will automatically try to follow the target.
These types of weapons make dogfighting less common, but modern planes still have Gatling guns, which are more advanced kinds of machine guns.
This is because dogfighting still happens sometimes.
The M1911 is a .45 ACP caliber pistol originally made by Colt, and is now the most copied pistol design in the world.
It was designed in the early 1900s by John Browning and was used in battle by many soldiers in World War I, World War II, The Korean War, and in the Vietnam War.
It is semi-automatic and can fire a bullet each time the trigger is pulled.
Military versions of the gun can hold seven or eight rounds inside its magazine and one more in the chamber.
M1911 style guns are still made today and are for sale.
It was the most used pistol in the United States Military from 1911-1985, when it was replaced by the 9mm caliber Beretta M9, a military version of the Beretta 92.
The M1911 was replaced because military leaders liked that the Beretta pistol could hold more bullets.
Another reason was because other NATO countries pressured the US to follow a rule that all NATO weapons must use the same ammunition.
Even after the Beretta M9 officially replaced the M1911, many US soldiers still use the M1911 in combat.
The M1911 is a common pistol design for police and special forces because it is reliable in function, easy to modify by a gunsmith, and effective.
The "1911" in the name is because the pistol was adopted by the United States Army in the year 1911.
M1911A1 pistols have an 'A1' added because they were changed from the original design in the 1920s in military service.
The pistol was made first by Colt Manufacturing but was produced by many other companies during World War II.
Because the M1911 is so popular, several gun companies make their own version of this gun which are still sold today.
Colt 1911 & Early prototypes by Gerard Henrotin (H&L Publishing - HLebooks.com 2003)
The Colt 1911A1 Explained by Gerard Henrotin (H&L Publishing - HLebooks.com 2004)
The Artaxiads (Georgian: არტაშესიანი, Artašesiani), a branch of the dynasty of Armenia that ruled Iberia (ancient Georgia) from c. 90 BC to 30 AD.
Little is known about the early years of the Iberian Artaxiad rule.
They seem to have been under the influence of their Armenian cousins to whom Iberia had gotten a significant portion of its territory.
In 65 BC, their kingdom was attacked by Rome and the dynasty was forced to sign a peace treaty.
A stocking is a piece of women's clothing, worn like socks.
They are made of stretchy materials.
They are often worn instead of  tights or socks.
A robe is a type of clothing.
It is loose-fitting and sometimes ties in the front.
Types of robes
There are different types of robes.
These include the following:
Bathrobe - usually worn at home after taking a bath.
They are also sometimes worn at night, or in the morning.
Graduation robe - A gown traditionally worn at a high school graduation, or college graduation.
Judge's robe - Part of a judge's clothing.
Other jobs may call for robes, such as a barrister.
Wizard's robe - in fantasy, wizards are usually shown wearing robes.
Geraldine Estelle "Geri" Halliwell (born 6 August 1972) is an English pop music singer.
She is a former member of pop group the Spice Girls.
She made $30 million during her last two years in the group.
She left the Spice Girls in May 1998 and continued singing as a solo artist.
In 2007, she reunited with the Spice Girls to do a world tour.
Nude photos of Halliwell were in a number of magazines in 1992 and 1995 including Playboy and Penthouse.
In 2012, Halliwell was a guest judge at The X Factor auditions in Liverpool.
On 26 June she reunited with Spice Girls to promote the brand new musical Viva Forever based on their songs and career.
12 August 2012, she performed with the girls from the group in the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games in London.
Personal and media life
Halliwell's father was half-Swedish, half-English; her mother is Spanish.
On 14 May 2006, Halliwell gave birth to her daughter, Bluebell Madonna Halliwell.
Sacha Gervasi is said to be the child's father, but this has not been said by Halliwell.
Victoria Beckham and Emma Bunton are Bluebell's godmothers.
There are rumors that Halliwell is dating Russell Brand.
but in May 2015 she married racing driver Christian Horner.
1999: Schizophonic
2001: Scream If You Wanna Go Faster
2005: Passion
2012: Putting On the Bling
1999 – If Only
2002 – Just for the Record
2008 – Ugenia Lavender
Miller wrote this play during the time of McCarthyism in America.
Many people were afraid that communism would stop the American way of life.
Some people falsely accused their enemies and even their friends of being communists during this time.
Miller writes about the ideas of fear and false accusation which affected him during this time.
A "crucible" is a severe test or trial, which is exactly what happens in the play.
Miller intended "The Crucible" as an allegory to McCarthyism.
The events that took place during the time the play was written were very similar to the Salem witch hunts.
This is why Miller named the book "The Crucible" after the Salem Witch Trials.
Many of the characters in the Crucible are based on real people who were at the Salem Witch trials.
Some are also based on people in the 1950s Red Scare, such as Joseph McCarthy and Julius Rosenberg
John Proctor- Farmer in the town, had an affair with Abigail Williams, has three sons, is accused of being a witch, refuses to say he was wrong, and dies for his dignity.
Abigail Williams- Niece of Samuel Parris, former servant to John and Elizabeth Proctor.
Uses the trials to gain status in the town and get revenge on Elizabeth.
Reverend Parris- The local Congregational minister, who starts the witch issue by bringing Rev. Hale.
Uncle of Abigail
Betty Parris- His daughter, who becomes sick after dancing in the woods
Elizabeth Proctor- John Proctor's wife, accused of being a witch by Abigail Williams after she fired her for sleeping with her husband
Reverend John Hale-An outsider who knows a lot about witches and the devil.
Rev. Parris brings him in.
Though he first is trying to find as many witches as possible, he later quits the witch trials because he finds out that there is no devil, but that unspoken revenge is working its way through the trials
Giles Corey-Old man who owns a lot of land and often argues with his neighbors.
Accidentally implies that his wife is a witch because she reads books and when she does, he can not pray.
Arrested for not naming names, then killed by being crushed by large rocks
Deputy Governor Danforth-One of the judges at the witch trials, who wants to end all bad practices in Salem, is sure there is a devil in Salem at the beginning but at the end has his doubts as well
Thomas Putnam- Owns a lot of land, takes to the witch idea to explain the death of his children and to buy other people's land after they are hung
Ann Putnam-Thomas Putnam's wife
Tituba- Servant to Reverend Parris, from the Barbados Islands.
She practices some sort of voodoo.
Martha Corey-Wife of Giles Corey, who is said to be a witch because she reads
Rebecca Nurse-Old and religious woman who is killed for not thinking the witch trials were a good idea, charged because Mrs. Putnam was jealous she had so many kids when all but one of the baby Putnams died
Cheever-the recorder of the trials, he writes down what happens and is told to arrest people
Plot (theatre version)
In the beginning of the story, Reverend Parris is looking at his daughter, Betty, while weeping and praying.
She is asleep on her bed and cannot wake up.
They know that she is not dead, but she does not move or speak.
She just lies there.
Parris heard that Betty and other girls were dancing in the woods. (
This was a very bad thing at the time because that implied they knew the devil.)
Reverend Parris's slave, Tituba, is from Barbados.
Abigail says that she put a spell on Betty so she would not wake up.
Parris is angry with Tituba.
He makes her say that she was a witch, and the devil made her curse Betty.
Suddenly, Abigail and Betty both say that they were with the devil too, so they would get out of trouble.
They say that other people like Goody Osborne and Goody Good are witches too.
John Proctor's relationship with his wife is quite tense because he cheated on her with Abigail.
They try to pretend that nothing is wrong but end up having a tense argument about it.
While they are arguing, Mary Warren comes in.
Proctor is angry with her for leaving the house when he demanded that she did not.
She is arrogant and says she is an official of the court and that her services are needed.
Mary informs John and Elizabeth that many more than 39 people will be executed instead of the 19 they heard about.
She also claims that she saved Elizabeth's life because Elizabeth was "somewhat mentioned" in court.
After Mary goes to bed, Cheever comes to arrest Elizabeth.
John does not take it well and rips the arrest warrant.
After an emotional exchange, Elizabeth is taken and she gives Mary brief directions for the next day.
In court, John tries to help his wife by accusing the "witches" in court with Mary's deposition.
He tells the court how well he knows these people and that they cannot be witches.
He confesses that he slept with Abigail and that she wishes to see Elizabeth dead.
Abigail is angered and threatens the judge.
He tries to get Mary to tell the truth and she initially does, but then reforms to Abigail's act again after being accused of working with the devil.
Mary then calls John a witch and says that he has dealings with the devil.
This is a problem because John is very respected in the town, so the judges ask him to admit that he works with the devil.
He will be able to live if he lies.
In the end, he signs a letter of confession stating that he works with the devil.
Then he destroys the letter instead of lying.
He wants to live so he could look after his family, but chose to keep his respect and honor instead.
He is tried and the court kills him by hanging.
However, the court allows Elizabeth to live because she is pregnant.
Abigail runs away to Boston with Mercy Lewis, after stealing her uncle's money because she thinks that people know she told lies.
1950s works
Rush Hudson Limbaugh III (, ;  January 12, 1951 – February 17, 2021) was an American conservative radio talk show host and writer.
He was the host of The Rush Limbaugh show where callers could call in and express their opinions.
Leftist critic Media Matters said some of his views were sexist.
The 2015 documentary The Brainwashing Of My Dad discusses how his program could radicalize people into sharing such views.
Works and honors
In the 1990s, Limbaugh's books The Way Things Ought to Be (1992) and See, I Told You So (1993) made The New York Times Best Seller list.
Limbaugh was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer in January 2020.
Nine months later in October, he said that his cancer was terminal.
Limbaugh died from problems caused by the disease in Palm Beach, Florida on February 17, 2021, a month after his 70th birthday.
The Rush Limbaugh Show
Deaf people
Second Life is the biggest online virtual world.
It was launched in 2003 by Linden Lab, a Californian software company founded by Philip Rosedale.
It is made up of a large number of regions or islands, which can belong to continents.
The users are called residents, and technically they are avatars.
The piece of software used to log on to Second Life is called viewer.
Some people use this multi-user virtual environment (MUVE) for entertainment purposes, though it is not a game because it does not have any single goal that players must achieve.
Other people use it to work or to study.
Anyone is free to do anything they want, as long as they respect the Terms of Service.
They are also free to create new things and add them to the virtual world.
Players can make a lot of different things, including buildings, clothes, and landscapes.
This is why Second Life is considered a platform, too.
general, which must not have nudity or other sexually explicit content.
Institutions such as universities, conference organizers, and real world businesses usually own general regions.
moderate, which host most of the non-adult activities common in Second Life, such as dance clubs, bars, stores and malls, galleries, music venues, beaches, parks.
adult, which have sexually explicit or violent content, and where minors are not allowed.
Many things that people can do in Second Life are about real life.
For instance, some universities and companies use Second Life for education and training, including Stanford University, Indiana University and University of Western Australia.
Second Life can also be used for foreign language teaching by language educators.
English as a foreign language has gained a presence through several schools, such as the British Council.
Two popular places where Second Life users meet to practice English are Virtlantis and Cypris Chat.
A list of educational projects, which also include some language schools, can be found in the Second Life wiki.
The Ford Falcon is a big car made by Ford in Australia since 1960.
It had seven generations and production of it stopped in October 2016.
pl:Ford Falcon
Hoboken is a southern district of the city of Antwerp, in Flanders (Belgium).
There are 34,443 people living there.
A bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a kind of dolphin.
The name "bottlenose" comes from its snout being shaped like a bottle.
It breathes through a hole on top of its head.
Its brain is very large, and it is one of the most intelligent animals.
Bottlenose dolphins are closely related to porpoises.
They are skilled and accurate hunters which eat small fish.
Bottlenose dolphins are grey, with dark grey near their blowhole (the small hole on the top of their head for breathing).
They are light grey on their belly.
This is called countershading: it makes them less easy to see.
When it is grown up, it is about 2 to 4 meters (6.6 to 13.1ft) and about 150 to 650 kilograms (330 1430 pounds).
The males are a usually a bit bigger than females.
Dolphins which live in warm places are smaller than dolphins that live in cold places.
Franz Josef Strauß () (6 September 6 1915 – 3 October 1988) was a German politician (CSU) and minister-president of the state of Bavaria.
Press reports called him the "Strong Man of Europe".
Born as Franz Strauß in Munich as the second child of a butcher.
Strauß studied at the University of Munich from 1935 to 1939.
He became a member of the NSDStB (Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund), ().
All students had to be members, or they would not be allowed to study.
In World War II, he served in the German army, on the Western and Eastern Fronts.
While on , he passed the German state exams to become a teacher.
He got severe frostbite on the Eastern Front at the end of 1942, so he became an Offizier für wehrgeistige Führung (political officer) at the anti-aircraft artillery school in Altenstadt, near Schongau, Bavaria.
In 1957 Strauß married Marianne Zwicknagl.
They had three children (Max Josef, Franz Georg and Monika).
Monika also became a Bavarian minister and member of the Bavarian parliament.
After the war, he was appointed deputy Landrat (county president) of Schongau by the American army, and helped to found the local CSU there.
He became a member of the first Bundestag (Federal Parliament) in 1949 and, in 1953, Federal Minister for Special Affairs in the second cabinet of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.
In 1955 he became Federal Minister of Nuclear Energy, and in 1956 defence minister.
As defence minister he helped to build-up of the new Bundeswehr.
Der Spiegel scandal
Strauß had to resign as defence minister in 1962 because of the Spiegel scandal.
The important magazine Der Spiegel said that the Bundeswehr could not defend Germany.
Strauß said this was treason and Rudolf Augstein, editor of the magazine, was arrested for 103 days.
Strauß had to admit that he had lied to the Bundestag, and had to resign.
He complained that he was treated like a "Jew who had dared appear at an NSDAP party convention".
Rivalry between Kohl and Strauß
He worked with the SPD minister for economy, Karl Schiller, but after the SPD was able to form a government without the CDU/CSU, in 1969, Strauß lost his job and became a critic of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik.
In 1976, when Helmut Kohl failed to become chancellor Strauß cancelled the alliance between the CDU and CSU parties in the Bundestag.
He only started the alliance again when the CDU threatened to move into Bavaria.
In the 1980 federal election Strauß was the CDU/CSU candidate for chancellor.
Some people thought that this showed that the CDU and CSU leaders thought Strauß had better policies and style than Kohl.
Others said that the CDU/CSU thought that Helmut Schmidt and the SPD was bound to win the 1980 election, and felt that they had nothing to lose in running Strauß: but it might stop Strauß criticising anyone whon disagreed with him.
Final decade of life
From 1978 until his death in 1988, Strauß was minister president of Bavaria.
He served as President of the Bundesrat in 1983/84.
After he lost the 1980 federal election, he left federal politics.
But he did not stay quiet, and often commented on federal affairs from his safe seat in Bavaria.
He especially criticised Kohl's ideas, even after Kohl ascended to the Chancellorship.
In 1983, Strauß helped to arrange a loan of 3 billion Deutschmarks for East Germany.
This was not popular, and today it is regarded by some as having artificially prolonged the life of the then-bankrupt communist state.
Visit to Albania
Strauß visited communist Albania on 21 August 1984, while Enver Hoxha, the absolute dictator from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, was still alive.
Strauß was one of the few Western leaders to visit Albania in decades.
Some thought Strauß might be helping to start diplomatic links between Albania and West Germany but the visit did not result in anything concrete.
On 1 October 1988, Strauß collapsed while hunting with the Prince of Thurn and Taxis in the Thurn and Taxis forests, east of Regensburg.
He died in a Regensburg hospital on October 3 without having regained consciousness.
Strauß was very important in post-war Germany even though he was not very well known outside Germany.
He polarized (split) the public like few other politicians.
He helped transform Bavaria from a farming state to a centre of technology in Germany.
He was an aerospace enthusiast, and supported the Airbus in the 1970s.
This is why the new airport in Munich was named after him in 1992 (see Franz Josef Strauß International Airport).
Franz Josef Strauß.
The Grand Design: A European solution to German reunification.
English translation: London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.
Website with Strauß quotations
"Plisch und Plum" caricature (1967)  by Luis Murschetz
Memories of Pasadena by J. Orlin Grabbe  (personal eyewitness observations concerning the personal interest of Herbert W. Armstrong in the career of Franz Josef Strauß as the future Führer of a United States of Europe)
Ministers-President of Bavaria
Politicians of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria
Each of the ministers president of the federal Länder (states) acts as the president of the Bundesrat for one year.
The President of the Bundesrat can also act as deputy to the Federal President if the Federal President is out of Germany or not able to act because of illness etc.
If the Federal President dies or is removed from office the President of the Bundestag will act as President until a new president is elected, which must be within thirty days.
The President of the Bundesrat is usually elected on the 1 November in one year, and serves until the 31 October of the next year.
The Basic Law says, in Article 52.1, that "the Bundesrat elects its President for one year".
However, in practice the presidency rotates among all Länder equally, in accordance with a predetermined order.
The order changes sometimes, because it depends on each state's population.
If the head of government of a Land changes during the term of the President of the Bundesrat then the presidency passes to the new minister-president for the remainder of its one year duration.
This happened in April 1999 when Roland Koch replaced Hans Eichel as minister-president of Hesse.
The current order of rotation of the presidency of the Bundesrat is as follows:
(North Rhine-Westphalia)
(Bavaria)
(Lower Saxony)
(Hesse)
(Saxony)
(Rhineland-Palatinate)
(Saxony-Anhalt)
(Thuringia)
(Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
The Bundesrat - President and Presidium  from Official Bundesrat website
It was founded as a joint program from ARD and ZDF, which formed 40% each of the broadcast output.
The remaining 20% was from Deutsche Welle.
The channel broadcast 24 hours-a-day.
The editorial staff and the management of German TV were in the offices of Deutsche Welle TV in Berlin.
German TV went on the air in April, 2002.
It was able to be received in the USA, and in wide parts of Canada and Latin America, by Satellite or Cable TV.
http://www.german.tv/
German television networks
The office rotates among the ministers president of each of the federal Länder annually.
The new Bundesratspräsident is elected during October and takes office on 1 November.
In 1950 the Ministers President of the Länder agreed to elect the Bundesratspräsident on a rota, so that every state had a chance to preside over the Bundesrat and to show that the Bundesrat represents all of Germany, rather than the most successful political party.
"Präsidenten des Bundesrates seit 1949"  (in German)
Official Bundesrat website  (English).
Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) is one of the best-known leaders of the French Revolution.
He was born in Arras, France and he went to school to become a lawyer and got his degree at law school.
He was elected to the Estates General to help make laws for France.
He fought against the French Monarchy, the death penalty, and slavery, and for democratic reforms and the people to have more power.
He gained a reputation for defending the poor.
His friends called him "incorruptible" for sticking to his moral values and killing his enemies.
Later  he was elected president of the powerful Jacobin political group.
Robespierre led the committee of public safety during 1793.
Through it, he was able to execute the king.
Even though Robespierre got thousands of people executed, Robespierre cared about the working class.
He executed King Louis XVI because he was convicted of treason.
Under the advice of Robespierre, the Committee of Public Safety came to control France.
The period that the Committee of Public Safety ruled France is known as “The Reign of Terror” and Maximilien de Robespierre was their leader.
In the Thermidorian Reaction Robespierre was caught and executed with 21 of his followers with a guillotine.
The National Convention were the people who overthrew Maximilien de Robespierre.
Maximilien de Robespierre was born in Arras in the old French province of Artois.
His family has been traced back to the 12th century in Picardy; some of his ancestors in the male line worked as notaries in Carvin near Arras from the beginning of the 17th century.
It has been suggested that he was of Irish descent, his surname possibly a corruption of "Robert Speirs".
1794 deaths
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen () is one of the most important papers of the French Revolution.
This paper explains a list of rights, such as freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and separation of powers.
All men have these rights.
It also talks about some rights many people have together.
This paper was written using some of the ideas of natural rights, these rights are for all men: they are supposed to be valid in all times and places.
They are said to be rights of human nature.
The last idea of the Declaration was accepted on 26 August 1789, by the National Constituent Assembly (Assemblée nationale constituante).
It was a very important first thing to do before the people could write a  constitution.
The paper explained these basic rights, not only for French people but for all men without exception, it did not say anything about the rights or role of women.
It also did not talk about slavery.
People now think that it was an important step towards international human rights or Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
"First Article – Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.
Social distinctions can be founded only on the common utility."
The ideas written in the declaration are important in French law today.
They can be used to fight or change new laws or other government actions.
French law is based off of this document.
Treehouse of Horror, or The Simpsons Halloween Specials, is a seasonal special TV episode that is aired in every season (except the first one) where there are three different Halloween-based stories.
Most of the time the episodes are about something really scary, unusual, or science-fictional event happening to the family.
Since they have nothing to do with the real episodes, they are considered non-canonical (things that do not really happen).
Most of the time the family encounter horrible things like zombies, aliens, monsters, witches, or sometimes each other.
Some episodes spoof horror or science-fiction films (most notably, shows from The Twilight Zone).
Top 10 Treehouse of Horror Segments on IGN.com
Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror #13 Comic Preview on ComicsAlliance.com
Bonerath is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 232 people lived there.
Gusterath is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 1,976 people lived there.
Gutweiler is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 636 people lived there.
Hinzenburg is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 143 people lived there.
Holzerath is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 431 people lived there.
Kasel is a municipality and a part of the Ruwer (municipality) in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 1,321 people lived there.
Korlingen is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 831 people lived there.
Mertesdorf is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 1,688 people lived there.
Morscheid is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 946 people lived there.
Ollmuth is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 168 people lived there.
Pluwig is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 1,679 people lived there.
Riveris is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
The municipality lies in the valley of the river Riveris.
As of 31 December 2018, 402 people lived there.
Schöndorf, Rhineland-Palatinate, in the Trier-Saarburg district, Rhineland-Palatinate
Schöndorf, Thuringia, in the Saale-Orla-Kreis, Thuringia
Schöndorf, the German name for Frumușeni Commune, Arad County, Romania
Schondorf am Ammersee, a municipality in the district of Landsberg am Lech, Bavaria
Sommerau is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 75 people lived there.
Waldrach is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
As of 31 December 2018, 2,035 people lived there.
Perfect Stranger is a big screen movie that was first shown in late 2006.
It stars Halle Berry.
The American bison (American buffalo or just buffalo) is a bovine mammal. "
Buffalo" is something of a mistake (a 'misnomer') as it is only distantly related to the water buffalo and the African buffalo.
Bison are a keystone species.
Their staple foods are grasses and sedges.
They once roamed the North American continent in great herds, and their grazing helped shape the ecology of the Great Plains.
The bisons has a large head with relatively small, curving horns.
Its dark brown coat is long and shaggy on the forequarters, including the front legs, neck, and shoulders, while the rest of the body has shorter, finer hair.
American bison live in river valleys, and on prairies and plains.
Typical habitat is open or semi-open grassland, as well as sagebrush, semi-arid lands and scrublands.
Bison will also graze in hilly or mountainous areas where the slopes are not steep.
Though not particularly known as high altitude animals, bison in the Yellowstone Park are frequently found at elevations above 8,000 feet and the Henry Mountains bison herd is found on the plains around the Henry Mountains, Utah, as well as in mountain valleys of the Henry Mountains to an altitude of 10,000 feet.
Although bison once roamed across North America, they are now ecologically extinct over most of their historic range.
They live on in a few national parks and other small wildlife areas.
The American bison is often used in North America in official seals, flags, and logos.
In 2016, the American bison became the national mammal of the United States.
As livestock
Bisons have been used as livestock.
They are known for having cattle-like meats, but it is leaner and slightly sweeter than beef.
Beefalo
The Jiroft Civilization () is a proposed Early Bronze Age civilization of Sistan, Iran (fl.
It was proposed by Yousef Madjidzadeh in 2003 because of archaeological artifacts confiscated by Iranian authorities.
White Muscarella (2005) expresses serious doubt in the accuracy of the "Jiroft Civilization" as an archaeological entity.
The Jiroft site itself is of undisputed notability as a mid-3rd millennium city situated between the Elamite civilization to the west and the Indus Valley civilization to the east.
Saudi Aramco World report
"New studies show Jiroft was ancient trade link"
about Iran civilizations
Jiroft Inscription, Oldest Evidence of Written Language
New Discoveries in Jiroft May Change History of Civilization
Jiroft was an international trade center 5000 years ago
See the fantastic Jiroft objects
Tigranakert (Armenian: Տիգրանակերտ, transliterated "Tigranakert" and also spelled "Dikranagerd" in Western Armenian; Latin Tigranocerta) was a city near present-day Silvan, Turkey, east of Diyarbakır.
It was founded by the Armenian Emperor Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC.
Tigranakert was founded as the new capital of the Armenian Empire in order to be in a more central position within the boundaries of the expanding empire.
Battle of Tigranocerta
Ancient and premodern Armenia
"Armenia's 12 Capital Cities" Exhibition Opened in Paris
A combat sport (also known as a combative sport) is a competitive contact sport where two combatants fight against each other using certain rules of contact, with the aim of simulating parts of real hand to hand combat.
Boxing, kickboxing, wrestling, mixed martial arts and fencing are examples of combat sports.
The techniques used can be categorized into three domains: striking, grappling, and weapon usage.
Some rule-sets specialize in one area, while others allow overlap.
nn:Kampsport
Ground fighting (in martial arts sometimes referred to as "ground work" or "ground game") is hand-to-hand combat which takes place while the fighters are on the ground, generally involving a degree of clutching of gripping.
Free Jiu-Jitsu and Submission Grappling Videos
David Thomas' Ground Fighting Technique Catalog
www.lockflow.com/techniques.php    Illustrated explanations of groundfighting techniques
www.bjj.org/techniques/  Guides to groundfighting and grappling techniques, with illustrations and some videos
www.bjjzone.com  Grappling Technique Videos
Submission Grappling Demo - 7 minutes
Anderson da Silva (born April 14, 1975) is a Brazilian Muay Thai fighter and mixed martial artist (MMA).
He is a former UFC middleweight champion.
He is also the current Cage Rage World middleweight champion.
Silva is the longest-reigning champion in that promotion.
He has competed in PRIDE Fighting Championships, Shooto, and Rumble on the Rock.
Silva holds notable wins over Rich Franklin, Hayato Sakurai, Nathan Marquardt and Jeremy Horn.
Brazilian sportspeople
Mixed martial artists
Karapet "Karo" Parisyan (; born August 28, 1982 in Yerevan, Armenia) is an Armenian-American mixed martial arts fighter.
His fighting style is mainly Judo, but has been modified to fight without the use of a Judogi.
His current professional MMA record is 17-4-0 with 9 of his wins coming by way of submission.
Karo is currently fighting out of North Hollywood, California, and he is ranked as the 5th best welterweight fighter in the world by MMAweekly.com.
Karo Parisyan's Official Web Site
UFC profile
Legends Gym
Diego "The Nightmare" Sanchez (born December 31, 1981 in Albuquerque, New Mexico) is a Mexican American mixed martial artist (MMA).
He has a background in wrestling and Gaidojutsu, a system of submission wrestling developed by his longtime trainer Greg Jackson.
Sanchez currently fights as a welterweight with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).
Sportspeople from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Elías Piña is a Dominican province in the western part of the country, on the border with Haiti.
Its capital city is Comendador.
It was created on 1942 as Province San Rafael.
In 1965, its name was changed to Province Estrelleta and, finally, in 1972 it got its present name.
Before 1942, the area of this province was part of the San Juan province.
Elías Piña was an officer of the Dominican army when the Dominican-Haitian War.
He was born in a place near Comendador and died in 1845 in a battle near Bánica.
Elías Piña has Dajabón to the northwest, Santiago Rodríguez to the northeast, San Juan to the east and the Independencia province to the south.
To the west Elías Piña borders the Republic of Haiti.
Few people lived in the territory of Elías Piña during colonial times because it was on the border between two colonies: the French Saint-Domingue and the Spanish Santo Domingo.
After 1844, the region became part of the border between Haiti and Dominican Republic.
The only town founded during the colony was Bánica, in the eastern end of a region of many savannas that was called Oncéano by the Spanish; most of Oncéano is now part of the Centre Department of Haiti.
Both Comendador and Hondo Valle were military posts on the border after the Dominican independence.
The rest of the present province had very few people until the end of the Restoration War in 1865 when families from other parts of the country came to live here.
During the Dominican-Haitian War (1844-1856), Haitian soldiers came across this region; because of that, there were many fights here.
The most important fight was La Estrelleta Battle, in a savanna to the east of Comendador.
Since colonial times, the territory was part of the Azua province until it was changed to the Benefactor province (now the San Juan province) when this province was created in 1938.
The Elías Piña province was created in 1942 with the municipalities of Elías Piña and Bánica; the new province was named San Rafael and its capital was the city of Elías Piña.
In 1965, the name of the province was changed to La Estrelleta and later, in 1972, it was changed to Elías Piña and the capital got its old name of Comendador.
1992 : Río Limpio
2004 : Sabana Larga
2005 : Guanito and Sabana Cruz
2006 : Guayabo, Sabana Higüero and Rancho de la Guardia
In  (last national census), there were  people living in the Elías Piña province, and only 30,429 () living in towns and cities.
The population density was  persons/km², one of the lowest in the country.
Its population represents   of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 28th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.
The Elías Piña province has a total area of .
It has  of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 14th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.
There are two main roads in the province.
One, Carretera Sánchez (Sánchez National Road), goes through the central part of the province from east to west; this is one of the main road of the country and goes from Santo Domingo to the western part of the country, to Comendador.
The second main road goes from south to north; it starts in the Sánchez National Road at Matayaya (San Juan province) and goes through Bánica and Pedro Santana and then through the Dajabón and Monte Cristi provinces to end in San Fernando de Monte Cristi, on the north coast.
This road, for several kilometres north of Pedro Santana, marks the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti and, for that reason, is called "International Road".
There are other secondary roads.
One of them goes from Comendador to Hondo Valle and then to the Independencia province, crossing the Sierra de Neiba mountain range.
Two mountain ranges crosses the province from east to west and then into Haiti.
The Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range") is in the northern part of the province, and the Sierra de Neiba runs across the southern half.
The area between those two mountain ranges is composed of several valleys, formed by the Artibonite River and its tributaries, and low mountains (hills).
The highest mountain in the province is the Loma La Tasajera del Chivito at  above sea level in the Sierra de Neiba.