the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
A tetris is a tile-matching puzzle game, developed in the Soviet Union in 1984.
The game has a simple goal of destroying lines of block before it reaches the top.
The line is made up of a square block.
etrominoes is the shape of the 4 connected blocks that falls vertically down.
The player will have to use the tetrominos to create lines that fill the box horizontally, this will clear the lines of blocks.
The game continues, the lines of blocks that is not completely filled will drop down as many lines that were cleared.
The game has levels of difficulties which rises as the game is being played.
Tetris has appeared in many video game system.
It has become very common from back when Alexey Pajitnov first made it in 1984.
With over 170 million copies sold, it is the 2nd best-selling video game of all time.
The goal is to drop blocks, called tetrominoes, down into a playing field to make lines.
Tetriminoes are made of four connected squares each  There are seven different types of tetrominoes.
Levels have a set goal, or number of lines to clear.
When the goal number reaches zero, the player moves to the next level.
As the levels go up, the tetrominoes fall faster.
A player receives bonus points if he can clear more than one line with a single tetromino.
Clearing four lines is called a "tetris", three lines a "triple" and two lines a "double".
Clearing two tetrises in a row is called a back-to-back tetris.
The player can also turn a T-shaped tetromino into a hole, called a T-slot, to get more points.
This move is called a "T-spin".
A player loses when the tetrominoes make it to the top of the playing field.
See "Issues" for information on the Level 29 Problem.
On the Game Boy, there are several musical themes played.
The theme for level 1 and used in the Game Boy version is often called the "Tetris Theme".
It is actually a Russian dance called Korobeiniki, or "The Peddlers."
Other themes include music by Johann Sebastian Bach and the Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy.
When you reach Level 28 on the GBA(Game Boy Advance) or NES(Nintendo Entertainment System), the pieces will start falling so fast that the player can hardly move the tetrominoes at all.
This means that those pieces will all pile up on the playfield and cause the player to lose.
1984 video games
Moldova is a country in Eastern Europe.
Its full name is the Republic of Moldova (, .)
It used to be called Moldavia.
It borders Ukraine to the north and Romania to the south.
The official language in Moldova is the Romanian language.
The capital of Moldova is Chișinău.
The Russian Empire took almost half of the Principality of Moldova in 1812 and called it Bessarabia.
Between 1918 - 1940 and 1941-1944 it was part of the Kingdom of Romania.
It became independent from the Soviet Union after its dissolution.
The average monthly salary/wages are still low, standing at only $243 USD.
Moldova is an associated country for future membership in the European Union.
When written with upper-case P:
Anything related to the country of Poland
Polish language, the language spoken in the country
Poles, the people of Poland
When written with lower-case p:
To polish something is to rub it so that it is smooth and shiny
A substance used to do that action is called polish
Polish () is the official language of Poland.
It is the most common Western Slavic language and the second Slavic language, after Russian.
Polish has been an important language in Central and Eastern Europe.
Polish is now spoken by over 43.5 million people as their first language in Poland.
It is also spoken as a Second language in western parts of Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine.
Because of emigration during different times, millions of Polish-speakers can be found in Australia, Ireland, Brazil, Canada, United Kingdom, United States and elsewhere.
There are over 50 million speakers around the world.
There are 9 letters in Polish that English does not have.
They look like English letters with marks above or below them.
There are 7 combinations of 2 letters that are like a single letter sound (similar to "th" or "qu" in English).
These include "ch", "cz", "dz", "dź", "dż", "rz", "sz".
Many letters have the same sound in Polish and English, such as "f" "m", and others, but other letters sound different: Polish "w" sounds like an English "v", and Polish "ł" sounds like an English "w".
There are also some Polish sounds that do not exist in English and some English sounds that do not exist in Polish.
The Polish language has several dialects but they are more similar to one another than most other European languages.
There are small differences, but all speakers can understand one another, and non-native speakers often cannot notice the differences.
Like many other languages, Polish has grammatical gender.
A table (stół) is masculine, a book (książka) is feminine, and a window (okno) is neuter.
Nouns and adjectives and verbs have many endings, depending on their role in a sentence.
There are 7 cases that show the role of a noun in a Polish sentence.
Each has its own ending, which also depends on the gender of the noun.
Word order is freer than in English, partly because the case and gender endings help to understand the role of the noun.
In English, "The boy bites the dog" is quite different from "The dog bites the boy", but in Polish, both orders can be used without confusion.
Sample Phrases
Dzień dobry (Dz'yehn DOH-brih) - Good morning or Good afternoon
Dobry wieczór (DOH-brih v-YETCH-oor) - Good evening'
Do widzenia (doh vee-DZEN-yah) - Good byeCześć! (
tsheshch) - Hi, Hello!
or ByeTak (tahk) - Yes (in Polish, long-short answers like Yes, I did are not needed, and Tak is enough)
Nie (nyeh) - No or Not (in Polish, long-short answers like No, I won't are not needed, and Nie is enough)
Jak się masz? (
yahk shyeh mahsh) - How do you do?Co robisz? (
tsoh robish) - What you doing?Jak się nazywasz? (
YAHK shyeh nahZYvash) or Jak masz na imię? (
YAHK mahsh nah EE-myeng/EE-myeh) - What's your name?Nazywam się... (nah-ZIH-vahm shyeh) - My (name and) surname is...Mam na imię... (mahm nah EE-myeng/EE-myeh) - My (given) name is...Nie mówię po Polsku (nyeh MOW-vyeng/MOW-vyeh poh POL-skoo) - I do not speak PolishLubię Cię (loo-bee-EH chyeh) - I like youKocham Cię (koh-hahm chyeh) - I love youNie mówię po Angielsku (nyeh MOW-vyeng/MOW-vyeh poh ahng-YEL-skoo) - I do not speak EnglishJak dojechać na lotnisko/dworzec (yak do-YEH-khatch nah lot-NEE-sco/dvo-ZHETS) - How do you get the airport/rail station?(where dworzec - station means rail station'' by default)
Jeden (ye-den) -One
Dwa (dva) -Two
Trzy (Trzhi) -Three
Wikibooks:Basic Polish language course
Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus
Georgia (U.S. state), one of the states in the United States of America
Georgian, a disambiguation page
Kryptos is the name of a sculpture (art that is like a statue) on the grounds of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Langley, Virginia, USA.
Kryptos is very famous.
It has codes (secret hidden messages) on it.
There are four messages.
People know what three of the messages say.
No one knows what the fourth message says yet.
A man named Jim Sanborn made Kryptos in 1990.
Kryptos is in a garden in the middle of a building called CIA Headquarters.
Not very many people have seen Kryptos, because only a few people are allowed to go into the CIA building.
They do very important work at the CIA, and have to be very careful.
The word Kryptos comes from the Greek language.
It means "hidden".
The sculpture is about 12 feet high and 20 feet long.
It is made of metal and different kinds of rocks.
It has thousands of letters and other things written in the metal.
The first person to find out what the first three messages say, was Jim Gillogly.
He learned the answers in 1999.
After he said what the answer was, the CIA said that a man who works at the CIA, David Stein, knew the answer too.
A few years later the NSA (another agency in Washington D.C.) said that they had people who had solved it too.
Before he made Kryptos, Jim Sanborn had not made any other sculptures with letters on them.
After Kryptos he made many other sculptures with letters on them.
Some of them have secret messages.
One is called Antipodes.
There are two copies of Antipodes.
One belongs to a man in California.
The other is in a museum in Washington DC called the Hirshhorn Museum.
Another sculpture that Sanborn made which has secret messages is called the Cyrillic Projector.
It has secret messages in Russian.
The Cyrillic Projector was independently cracked by Michael Bales and Frank Corr in 2003.
There are two famous books that talk about Kryptos, which were written by Dan Brown.
He wrote a book in 2003 called The Da Vinci Code.
On the cover of the book is art.
In the art there are secret messages.
Two of the messages talk about Kryptos.
Dan Brown wrote another book in 2009 called The Lost Symbol, which also talks about Kryptos.
The CIA website about Kryptos
NY Times Library An article in the newspaper (The New York Times: CIA's Artistic Enigma Reveals All but Final Clues, – June 16, 1999)
Elonka Dunin's Kryptos page
Washington Post ("Cracking the Code of a CIA Sculpture" – July 19, 1999)
New York Times article and other articles  ("Gillogly Cracks CIA Art", & "The Kryptos Code Unmasked")
Wired News ("Solving the Enigma of Kryptos" – January 21, 2005)
CNN story, "Cracking the Code", June 19, 2005
Pictures of Kryptos from high up in the sky
Windows Live Local - Several images. (
zoom in and click on aerial / bird's eye links at left)
Terraserver-USA
Lech Walesa (Polish: Lech Wałęsa (pronounced [lɛx vaˈwɛ̃sa])) (born September 29, 1943) was a Polish shipyard worker, trade unionist and a politician who used to be the leader of Solidarity and the President of Poland between 1990 and 1995.
Walesa won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983.
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Polish Nobel Prize winners
Presidents of Poland
Trade unionists
Eredivisie (Honour Division)
SBV Excelsior
Vitesse
Eerste Divisie (First Division)
Cambuur Leeuwarden
MVV
FC Oss
BV Veendam
General Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 1890 - 9 November 1970) was a French military and political leader.
He was president of France from 1959 to 1969.
He was a founding member and leader of the French Resistance during the Second World War.
He died of an aneurysm.
De Gaulle chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to re-establish democracy in France.
In 1958, he came out of retirement: the Algerian War was happening.
He rewrote the Constitution of France and founded the Fifth Republic after it was by a referendum.
He was elected President of France later that year, a position to which he was re-elected in 1965 and held until his resignation in 1969.
The National Assembly brought him back to power in May 1958.
He granted independence to Algeria.
900,000 French people in Algeria (called les pieds-noire) left for France.
The Organisation armée secrète (OAS) tried to kill him.
Frederick Forsyth used this incident as a basis for his novel The Day of the Jackal.
After the Algerian conflict, de Gaulle wanted to improve the French economy, and have an independent foreign policy.
This was called by foreign observers the "politics of grandeur" (politique de grandeur).
See Gaullism.
The French economy recorded high growth rates.
In 1964, for the first time in nearly 100 years, France's GDP overtook that of the United Kingdom.
This period is still remembered in France with some nostalgia as the peak of the Trente Glorieuses ("Thirty Glorious Years" of economic growth between 1945 and 1974).
His most famous saying was: "L'etat?
c'est moi!",
roughly "The State?
it's me!"
Deaths from aneurysm
French people of World War II
The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is the smallest tiger subspecies.
It is listed as critically endangered.
They are in danger due to hunting and the destruction of their habitat.
It is estimated that there are only about 400-700 Sumatran tigers left in the wild.
The Sumatran tiger lives only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
It can be found in low and highland areas, mountainous jungles, and peat swamp forests.
Like other tiger subspecies, the Sumatran tiger has deep orange fur with black stripes.
Every tiger has its own pattern of stripes, with none being the same.
The Sumatran tiger has very long back legs, which allow it to jump great distances.
Even though they are the smallest of the tiger subspecies, Sumatran tigers are still very large, reaching to the length of 9 feet (2.7 meters), and weighing up to 165-250 pounds (75–114 kg).
Sumatran tigers have webbed feet.
This allows them to swim easily.
Sumatran tigers ambush their prey, using their long, powerful legs, jaws, and claws to catch and kill their prey.
They have extremely good eyesight and hearing, which helps them to find their prey.
Sumatran tigers feed mainly on wild boar and deer, and they can eat more than 40 pounds of meat at a time.
Female Sumatran tigers reach maturity at the age of around three to four years.
Males turn mature at the age of around four to five years.
Females are pregnant for about 95–110 days, and the females give birth in hidden and private areas and raise the cubs alone.
They give birth to around 2-3 cubs at a time, but they can sometimes give birth to six cubs.
The cubs’ eyes are closed at birth, and they don’t open fully until the cub is one or two weeks old.
Cubs feed on milk for three to six months and start hunting with their mother at the age of about five or six months.
They will stay with their mother until they are fully able to hunt on their own, which doesn’t happen until the cubs are at least 18 months to 2 years old.
In the wild, Sumatran tigers live an average of 15 years.
The Sumatran Tiger Trust
Tiger Facts - Sumatran Tiger
George Stevens, Jr. was the first CEO.
Since 1980, Jean Picker Firstenberg has been CEO.
AFI 100 Years series
1998: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies
1999: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars
2000: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs
2001: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills
2002: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions
2003: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains
2004: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs
2005: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes
2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores
2006: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers
History of AFI
AFI Los Angeles Film Festival - History and Information
A fullback or full back is the name of a defensive position in a football (soccer) game.
A fullback is also an offensive position in American football that usually blocks for the quarterback or a running back.
American football positions
Antonio Meucci (Florence, April 13, 1808 – October 18, 1889) was an Italian inventor.
He invented the first type of telephone, also known as the first 'talking telegraph' 1857.
In 2002, the United States House of Representatives ruled that he invented the first working telephone, although Alexander Graham Bell was first to patent it.
1889 deaths
8 Mile is a 2002 American drama movie starring rapper Eminem, Kim Basinger, Brittany Murphy and Mekhi Phifer.
It is set in 1995 in Detroit, Michigan.
The film tells about a young white rapper living in inner city Detroit.
He tries to make a rap career but most rappers are African Americans.
Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Lose Yourself".
2002 drama movies
Movies set in Detroit, Michigan
Movies set in the 1990s
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
Movies directed by Curtis Hanson
An African American is a person who lives in the United States and speaks English, but whose ancestors were from Africa.
It could also mean a first generation African immigrant who has citizenship in the United States.
The term is usually associated with black people.
This is because of many African Americans' dark skin due to having Sub-Saharan African ancestors.
Many Africans were brought to the United States in the slave trade.
Many of the U.S. population (especially in many urban or city areas) are African American.
Many others live in rural areas in the Southern United States.
Detroit has the highest percent of blacks in the nation, and many live in other big cities.
Cities with the highest percent of African Americans are Jackson, Mississippi; New Orleans; Memphis; Miami Gardens; and Savannah, Georgia.
New York City and Chicago have the largest population of African Americans.
Other cities with a high African American population are Baltimore, Houston, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Baton Rouge, Washington, D.C. and Dallas.
States with the highest percentage of African Americans are Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia, Maryland, South Carolina, Alabama, Delaware, North Carolina, Virginia and Tennessee.
African Americans are third largest ethnic group in the United States after White Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans.
African-American refers to a specific range of diverse cultures with a common thread of ethnic connection to Africa.
This term was created to describe an ethnic/cultural link to Africa for people who are American, much as in the case of Italian Americans, Irish Americans, or Polish Americans.
The difference is that Italian Americans and Polish Americans know they are Americans of Italian or Polish (not general European) descent.
The 'African' in African-American acknowledges the connection to a number of African cultures, not one in particular.
The 'American' shows the nationality and culture of the United States.
A person born in Nigeria is still Nigerian even if he or she comes to the United States and lives here for the rest of their life.
If that person wants to say that they are an American citizen, they would simply say "I am an American citizen".
His American-born children could correctly call themselves Nigerian-American OR African-American.
In America, and from an American point of view, the term 'Black' is often applied to other ethnic groups throughout the world who do not necessarily see themselves as Black, such as Australian Aborigines, for example.
African American culture was born in the United States and is distinct from any single African culture.
In America there are many immigrants of mixed race that includes African descent, like Cape Verdeans, Dominicans, Cubans, Brazilians and Puerto Ricans.
These groups, by and large, do not think of themselves as Black or African American and object to these labels.
Many mixed race Americans also resist pressure to identify themselves as Black or White.
Blasians and Afro-Hispanics also resist pressure.
Alabama has a large population of African Americans.
African Americans constitute 15.4 percent of Arkansas’s population, according to the 2010 census, and they have been present in Arkansas since the earliest days of European settlement.
Originally brought to Arkansas in large numbers as slaves, people of African ancestry drove the state’s plantation economy until long after the Civil War.
African Americans have exerted a profound influence upon all aspects of the state’s history and culture.
Atlanta was the home of Martin Luther King Jr. and an important place in the Civil Rights Movement.
It has been referred to as a "black mecca".
"A CHAMPION FOR ATLANTA: Maynard Jackson: 'Black mecca' burgeoned under leader"
"The city that calls itself America's ' Black Mecca'"
"The Black Mecca leads the nation in numbers of African American millionaires; at the same time, it leads the nation in the percentage of its children in poverty"
"the city that earned a national reputation as America's 'black mecca'"
"the cornerstone upon which today's 'Black Mecca' was built"
"And, they said, don't forget Atlanta's reputation as a black mecca"
"Atlanta's allure as the black mecca"
"The Southern capital regarded as the nation's black mecca"
“Atlanta is a city that is known as the black mecca" "Upcoming city elections will show how Atlanta is undergoing profound changes", '"Saporta Report, October 2009]
"Some people call Atlanta the Black Mecca"
"That stockpile of black brain power has made Atlanta the nation's mecca for blacks, especially buppies looking for Afro-American affluence and political clout."
in  "Bond vs. Lewis - it's Atlanta's loss that only one of the two can win ", Atlanta Journal-Constitution, August 16, 1986
"Is it this that has made Atlanta the mecca of the black middle class?"
"Atlanta emerges as a center of black entertainment"
Delaware has a significant African American population.
In 1721, an estimated 2,000-5,000 black slaves lived in Pennsylvania and the three lower counties on the Delaware.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, African Americans were 31.2% of Georgia's population.
The first black people to live in Texas were Afro-Mexicans when Texas was a Spanish colony.
Texas has one of the largest African-American populations in the country.
African Americans are concentrated in northern, eastern and east-central Texas as well as the Dallas, Houston and San Antonio metropolitan areas.
African Americans form 24 percent of both the cities of Dallas and Houston, 19% of Fort Worth, 8.1 percent of Austin, and 7.5 percent of San Antonio.
Virginia is home to the longest continuous experience of African American life and culture in the United States spanning more than four centuries – beginning before the first English settlement at Jamestown and through the Revolutionary War, Civil War, Emancipation and the Civil Rights eras.
Outside of the United States, the history of African Americans in Ghana goes back to people such as American civil rights activist and writer W. E. B. Du Bois, who settled in Ghana in the last years of his life and is buried in the capital Accra.
Since then, other African Americans who are descended from slaves imported from areas within the present-day jurisdiction of Ghana and neighboring states have applied for permanent resident status in Ghana.
As of 2015, the number of African American residents has been estimated at around 3,000 people, a large portion of whom live in Accra.
Genetic studies
Recent surveys of African Americans using a genetic testing service have found varied ancestries.
These studies found that on average, African Americans have 73.2–82.1% West African, 16.7%–24% European, and 0.8–1.2% Native American genetic ancestry, with large variation between individuals.
Genetics websites themselves have reported similar ranges, with some finding 1 or 2 percent Native American ancestry and Ancestry.com reporting an outlying percentage of European ancestry among African Americans of 29%.
38% of African Americans have Irish ancestry.
Most of the first African Americans were brought to North America as part of the Atlantic slave trade.
African slaves were brought to North America from 1619 to 1808.
After the United States became independent, slavery became illegal in most northern states.
At the same time, slavery grew more important to the economy of the southern states.
Many African American slaves worked on plantations (large farms) that grew cotton and tobacco.
Plantation work was very difficult and slaves were often whipped and physically punished.
It was illegal for slaves to learn how to read and write.
White men often raped slave women, but were not punished.
At the same time, there were many free African Americans in the north.
Unlike slaves, they were allowed to start churches, write newspapers, and sometimes own property.
Frederick Douglass was an important abolitionist (fighter against slavery).
Harriet Tubman helped to create the Underground Railroad, which helped African Americans to sneak away from their masters and become free.
During the American Civil War from 1861-1865, the south broke away from the United States to form the Confederate States of America, or Confederacy.
The United States won the war, and in 1865, it freed all slaves (about 4 million) by the 13th amendment.
African Americans were not slaves anymore, but white southerners passed laws called Black Codes that took away their freedom.
Some African Americans served in government, but after 1877, the white southerners mostly kept them out of government.
Whites founded the Ku Klux Klan to scare African Americans and stop them from voting.
Most southern African Americans became sharecroppers.
Sharecropping was a system in which the farmers rented the land from the landowner and had to pay the landowner part of their crops.
Jim Crow laws segregated white and black people.
Black people had to go to different schools and usually live in different neighborhoods than white people.
Many businesses were for whites only.
The Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson said that black and white facilities could be separate but equal, but facilities for black people were usually worse.
Lynching was often practiced against African Americans.
In the early 1900s, African American culture grew with the Harlem Renaissance, an artistic and literary movement in New York City.
The NAACP was founded to improve the lives of African Americans.
Leaders had different ideas about what was best for African Americans.
Booker T. Washington thought they should go to vocational schools to get better jobs.
W.E.B. Du Bois thought university education was more important.
Marcus Garvey believed that African Americans should move to Africa to have a country of their own.
During the Great Migration, from the 1910s to the 1960s, African Americans moved from the south to cities in the north and west.
At the beginning, only 10% of African Americans lived outside the south, but by the end, 47% lived in the north and west.
Segregation also existed in the north.
Redlining stopped people who lived in African American neighborhoods from buying homes.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement called for equality between African Americans and whites.
The 1954 Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education banned racial segregation in schools.
Many Southern schools still stopped black students from attending, until 1957, when federal troops forced a school in Little Rock, Arkansas to allow black students (called the Little Rock Nine).
In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus.
This started the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which involved Martin Luther King.
King and Malcolm X were two leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, but they were both killed in the 1960s.
In 1964, the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination based on race.
Racism against African Americans is still prevalent in 2020.
In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, George Floyd was killed by a white police officer.
Black Lives Matter is a movement which started in 2013.
Language and society
With their American born children came the first generation of English speaking African Americans.
But this development was not the same all over the country.
For example; even today the Gullah of the Sea Islands off the Carolina and Georgia coasts still speak a language that is a blend of several African languages.
They are the descendants of slaves from different countries in Africa.
In the United States when Americans say African-American or Black, they are referring to the same people.
Both terms describe an ethnic group that came to exist in the United States.
The Africans who were brought to America as slaves were from different nationalities and did not all speak the same language.
They became a new blended ethnic group with a new language that was not their own: English.
Blacks used to be segregated in schools but since the 1960s were able to join major schools, colleges and universities.
In the second half of the 20th century, reading-ability rates for blacks increased.
African Americans have influenced various forms of music, including Hip hop, R&B, funk, rock and roll, soul, blues, and other contemporary American musical forms while older black forms of music included blues, doo-wop, barbershop, ragtime, bluegrass, jazz, and gospel music.
Michael Jackson, an African-American pop singer, released an album called Thriller in 1982 which is the best-selling album of all time.
In the nineties Beyonce Knowles became famous as the lead singer of the R&B girl band Destiny's Child.
In the 2000s she started releasing music on her own.
Her first album Dangerously in Love sold 11 million copies and won five Grammy Awards.
Black culture has been the subject of documentaries.
For example, the award-winning Black Is, Black Ain't explores black identity.
Good Hair discusses the significance of having 'good hair' for black women in American culture.
Soul food is a cuisine eaten by African Americans in the South.
Fried chicken, mac and cheese, cornbread, collard greens and candied yams is typical soul food.
Racism and issues
African Americans are more likely to experience racism.
African American males are more likely to be killed by police, which resulted in the Black Lives Matter movement.
African Americans are more likely to die from diseases like COVID-19, HIV, obesity and diabetes.
African Americans still suffer from poverty and unemployment.
African Americans are more likely to eat fast food.
Heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and homicide is the main causes of death for African Americans.
The suicide rate for African Americans increased due to racism, police brutality and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Saloth Sar (better known as Pol Pot; January 25, 1925 – April 15, 1998) was the leader of Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.
He was the leader of a group called the Khmer Rouge, a group of peasant revolutionaries who turned Cambodia into a military dictatorship officially called Democratic Kampuchea.
Between 1.7 and 2.2 million Cambodians were killed by his regime.
Pol Pot was thrown out of power in January, 1979, when the Vietnamese communists liberated Kampuchea.
Before the war
Pol Pot's family was a good family, and really connected with the royal family.
His brother, Loth Suong, was a palace clerk, and his cousin was a wife to Prince Sisowat Monivong and had a son named Kossarak.
His connection helped him get a scholarship to France.
His father's name was Pen Saloth and his mother's name was Sok Nem.
Pol Pot had eight siblings.
His family was thriving, but alone.
Pol Pot's childhood was fairly normal.
Pol Pot's real name is Saloth Sar.
His birthday is either 1925 or May 25, 1928.
He grew up in a nice place, and his village was about two miles from Kompong Thom's capital.
Kompong Thom was a province of Cambodia.
Back then, that part of Cambodia was part of France.
In 1949, he went to France and studied about radio electronics, but got distracted and led astray because of Marxism, which is a form of communism.
He didn't study, and his scholarship was taken away.
In 1953, he went back to Cambodia and became a communist.
The following year, Cambodia became free from France.
In 1962, he became the leader of the Communist party in Cambodia.
This party was hidden, as the prince, Prince Sihanouk, did not like Pol Pot nor the Communists.
Pol Pot went to the jungle and created a guerrilla force called the Khmer Rouge (the Khmer are the main ethnic group in Cambodia, and rouge is French for "red", the colour of Communism).
The Khmer Rouge was made of mostly teenagers.
Guerilla means that they hid and ambushed people, rather than be visible and directly attack their enemies.
They were the source of Pol Pot's power.
In 1969-1973 the U.S. bombed Cambodian sanctuaries attempting to get rid of the North Vietnamese, but only drove them deeper into the country.
The US also made it so that  the peasants ran to cities.
In 1970, the U.S. got rid of Prince Sihanouk and unknowingly made Pol Pot more popular.
They also made Prince Sihanouk mad, and so he joined Pol Pot, but that alliance only gave Pol Pot an advantage.
This created a whole lot of confusion, and only made Pol Pot even more popular.
On April 17, 1975, Pol Pot went into Phnom Penh, the capital, and took control.
He planned for a "super great leap forward", inspired by Mao's Great Leap Forward in China.
The second in command, Noun Chea, also called Brother Number Two, said later that the mass killing was a mistake.
Pol Pot took all the city people and drove them towards fields, where they worked incessantly.
A lot of people died on the way to the fields.
Even more died in the fields from hunger, thirst, overwork, and sickness.
They would only get a 180-gram can of rice every day, and they were harvesting fruits and rice.
Every tenth day was a rest day, and so were the festivals.
The government took over anything that had to do with money.
Religion was illegal.
Teenagers had to be part of the army and children learned how to set mines and make traps.
People getting together were not allowed.
Only two people or less were allowed to see each other.
Marriages were arranged, not because they loved each other, but because they were forced to.
They had to marry in big groups.
After the Vietnamese and underground Cambodian parties got Pol Pot out of power on 7 January 1979, he went to a zone near Thailand called Pailin and tried to get control of Cambodia again.
Eventually the Khmer Rouge broke up in the early 1990s.
Extent of the genocide
Pol Pot was responsible for the Cambodian genocide, the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodians that the Khmer Rouge regarded as enemies.
The genocide, coupled with malnutrition and poor medical care, killed between 1.5 and 2 million people, approximately a quarter of Cambodia's population.
On the evening of April 15, 1998, just 2 days before anniversary of Khmer Rouge's takeover of Cambodia, on April 17, 1975, Pol Pot died of a possible heart attack, in the woods, never admitting that he did anything wrong to Cambodian people.
However, some believe he killed himself with poison to avoid trial.
On his death face, there were signs of suffering, with his one eye open.
Pol Pot was cremated without any ceremony.
Nguyen Thi Dieu.
World Book Advanced.
World Book, 2012.
20 Nov. 2012.
FRONTLINE/WORLD. "
Cambodia - Pol Pot's Shadow".
The Story.
PBS, n.d.
The History Place, "Genocide in the 20th Century".
The History Place, n.d.
2 Oct. 2012.
Cambodian people
Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815).
Semaphore is adopted by navies.
The United Kingdom was founded (1801)
Emperor Francis II (Holy Roman Empire)
Tsar Paul I (Russia)
Tsar Alexander I (Russia)
King Charles IV (Spain)
King George III, (United Kingdom)
President John Adams (United States)
President Thomas Jefferson (United States)
Jiaqing Emperor of China (Qing Dynasty)
A sedan, or saloon, is an automobile that has a low trunk, a roof and one or two doors on each side.
The trunk is reachable only from outside.
Automobile body styles
A convertible is a car with a roof that can be removed or folded down, but is often seen without a roof.
A convertible usually has two doors, but convertibles with four doors can also be found.
Some examples are Mazda MX-5, BMW Z4, Ferrari 458 Spyder, Mercedes-Benz SLK Class, etc.
A convertible is a type of automobile of various automobile body styles that can convert from open-air (top-down or topless) mode to a provisionally enclosed (roofed or top-up) mode.
Convertibles evolved from the earlier Phaeton, a similar vehicle without glass side windows that may or may not have had removable panels of fabric or other material instead to protect passengers from rain and cold, etc.
A semi-convertible or cabrio coach is similar to a convertible and also has a retractable or removable top, but has fully framed windows on its side doors as opposed to a convertible's roll-down frameless windows that provide an even more open car driving experience.
Roof designs have varied widely and have evolved from the earliest models, where roofs were demountable and/or detachable.
Contemporary roofs are often hinged to fold away, either into a recess behind the rear seats or into the boot or trunk of the vehicle.
The roof may operate either manually or automatically via hydraulic or electrical actuators, and the roof itself may be constructed of soft or rigid material.
Soft-tops are made of vinyl, canvas or other textile material, while hard-tops are made of steel, aluminum, plastic, or other rigid materials.
Convertibles may also be referred to as cabriolet, roadster, tourer or drophead coupé and the colloquial terms drop top and rag top are also used.
Hard-top convertibles may be called coupé cabriolet, coupé convertible, retractable hardtop or, when equipped with two seats, coupé roadster/roadster coupé.
Macy Gray (born Natalie Renee McIntyre on September 9, 1967) is an American singer and actress.
She started her career after moving to Los Angeles in 2000.
Gray is best known for her 1999 single, "I Try", which came off of her first album, On How Life Is.
1999: On How Life Is
2001: The Id
2003: The Trouble with Being Myself
2004: The Very Best of Macy Gray
2005: Live in Las Vegas
2007: Big
2010: The Sellout
2012: Covered
2012: Talking Book
Actors from Ohio
Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama movie starring Orson Welles in his first full-length movie.
There are rumors that its story is based on the life of the famous businessmen William Randolph Hearst, Howard Hughes, and Samuel Insull.
Welles said that his character, Kane, was based on more than one famous person.
In F for Fake (1974), he said that Kane was going to be based on Hughes but that Welles became inspired by Hearst.
Welles worked closely with his cinematographer, Gregg Toland, who was in charge of the camera and the lights.
Together, they worked on a new style, "deep focus."
Usually, if something close to the camera is in focus, everything that is far away is out of focus.
In deep focus, every object is in focus at the same time.
Its working title, before the movie was finished, was RKO 281.
Many have called Citizen Kane the best movie of all time.
In 1998, it was number one on the American Film Institute's list of 100 Years... 100 Movies.
It is in some ways is like The Power and the Glory (1933).
The last living crew member was director Robert Wise.
Also known for making The Sound of Music (1965), he died on September 14, 2005.
The American Film Institute's "100 Greatest Movies" list
Original Trailer
Greatest Films: Citizen Kane
Essay  on the use of mise-en-scene and cinematography
RaveCentral: Citizen Kane
1941 movies
1940s drama movies
American mystery movies
Movies composed by Bernard Herrmann
Movies directed by Orson Welles
A sedan is a car body style
The much older form of transport, the sedan chair, from which the name of the car body style is borrowed.
Sedan, Ardennes, a sous-préfecture of the Ardennes département in France, where the Battle of Sedan occurred in 1870
Sedan, Kansas, a community in the United States
Sedan, Minnesota, a community in the United States
Sedan (nuclear test), an Operation Plowshare nuclear test conducted by the United States at its Nevada Test Site in 1962, which resulted in a massive crater.
Official site of the Nobel Foundation
Dynamite is an explosive invented by Alfred Nobel.
Its main explosive component is nitroglycerin.
Nitroglycerin is very sensitive to movement.
It explodes very easily, when moved.
For this reason, it is absorbed into diatomaceous earth to make it less sensitive.
Diatomaceous earth is a soft, sedimentary rock made of fossil diatoms.
In dynamite, about one part of four is diatomaceous earth, the other three are nitroglycerin.
A little sodium carbonate is added to stabilize the mixture.
Even though the diatomaceous earth takes away some of the dangers of nitroglycerin, there are still problems because the mixture is not stable in damp environments.
Water causes the nitroglycerin to leak away.
The nitroglycerin can build up, and explode unexpectedly.
For this reason, the formulation was changed.
Instead of diatomaceous earth, gelignite was used to hold the nitroglycerin.
Gelignite holds the nitroglycerin so that it cannot dissolve in water.
Today, dynamite is not much used.
It has been replaced by explosives based on ammonium nitrate which use gelignite.
These explosives cost less to make and are easier to handle than dynamite.
However, works of fiction still show people using dynamite.
Oliver & Company is a 1988 American animated musical movie.
It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.
It is the 27th Disney animated movie.
The movie is loosely based on the famous Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist.
The novel has been adapted many other times for the screen and television.
In the movie, Oliver is a homeless kitten who joins a gang of dogs to survive in the streets.
Among other changes, the setting of the movie moved from 19th century London to modern-day New York City, Fagin's gang is made up of dogs (one of which is Dodger), and Sykes is a loan shark.
Oliver & Company was released on November 18, 1988.
This was the same day that The Land Before Time, another American animated movie, was released.
Oliver & Company was a success at the box office, but received mixed reviews from movie critics.
The movie was re-released in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom on March 29, 1996.
It was then released on home video later that same year.
It was released on DVD in 2002.
It was re-released on DVD in 2009 as a 20th Anniversary Edition.
A 25th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray of the movie was released in 2013.
Oliver, an orange orphan cat, is lost in New York City.
A street-smart dog named Dodger finds him.
Dodger tricks Oliver into getting some sausages for him (from a hot dog seller named Louie).
Dodger leaves the cat behind and runs to the barge of his poor owner, Fagin.
Inside the barge are four other dogs.
They are Tito the chihuahua, Einstein the Great Dane, Rita the Afghan Hound, and the Francis the Bulldog.
Oliver breaks in, and is questioned by the other dogs.
He tells them that he followed Dodger because he wanted a fair share of the sausages.
Dodger starts fighting with Tito.
Francis and Einstein join the fight.
Fagin breaks it up.
Fagin is in trouble with a loan shark named Sykes, because he owes Sykes money.
Sykes says that Fagin has to pay the money within three days.
In order to get the money, Fagin, his dogs, and Oliver set out into the city streets the next day.
While the poor man is unlucky trying to sell his useless stuff, the animals encounter a limousine that is driven by Winston, a butler.
They put on an act to get his attention.
After trying to take apart the limousine's dashboard, Tito gets "barbecued".
Oliver is tangled up in the wires nearby.
Jenny, a little girl who Winston is taking care of while her parents are away on a trip, decides to adopt Oliver.
She takes him home at Fifth Avenue.
She promises that they will be "good company" forever.
The next morning, Fagin's dogs break into the family's house in order to get Oliver back to their barge.
This upsets the family's pet poodle, Georgette.
However, she lets them take Oliver.
When they arrive back at the barge, Oliver explains that he misses Jenny.
This upsets Dodger, because he feels like Oliver does not care about being in their gang anymore.
Fagin, however, realizes that Oliver is his best hope, because of the gold tag on his collar.
Fagin writes a random note to the "very rich cat owner person" at Oliver's address in hopes of getting Sykes's money on time.
Jenny reads the note after she comes home from school.
She and Georgette go to the docks to get Oliver back.
Jenny gets him back, thanks to Fagin.
However, Sykes kidnaps her for the sake of the ransom that Fagin has to pay within 12 hours.
Fagin and his dogs manage to save both Jenny and Oliver from the wrath of Sykes and his Dobermans, Roscoe and DeSoto.
The next day, Jenny celebrates her birthday with Oliver, Fagin, the dogs, and Winston.
In the end, Oliver decides to stay with Jenny.
Dodger promises him a special place in the gang, as "vice president".
Dodger and the gang all return home with Fagin.
Joey Lawrence as Oliver
Billy Joel as Dodger
Natalie Gregory as Jennifer "Jenny" Foxworth
Dom DeLuise as Fagin
Cheech Marin as Ignacio Alanzo Julio Fredrico De Tito
Bette Midler as Georgette
Robert Loggia as Sykes
Richard Mulligan as Einstein
Roscoe Lee Browne as Francis
Sheryl Lee Ralph as Rita
William Glover as Winston
Taurean Blacque as Roscoe
Carl Weintraub as DeSoto
Frank Welker as Louie
For Oliver & Company, Disney invested $15 million into a long-term computer system called Computer Animation Production System, otherwise known as CAPS.
Unlike The Black Cauldron and The Great Mouse Detective, which used computer imagery for special sequences, 11 minutes of Oliver & Company were computer-generated such as the skyscrapers, the taxi cabs, trains, Fagin's scooter-cart, and the climactic subway chase.
The instrumental score for Oliver & Company was composed by J. A. C. Redford.
The movie's music was supervised by Carole Childs.
The first song heard in the movie, "Once Upon a Time in New York City", was written by lyricist Howard Ashman.
Billy Joel, in addition to voicing Dodger, performed the character's song in the movie.
The track list below represents the 1996 re-release of the Oliver & Company soundtrack.
The original 1988 release had the same songs, but with the instrumental cues placed in between the songs in the order in which they appeared in the movie.
Using the numbering system in the list below, the order the tracks on the 1988 release would be: 1, 2, 6, 7, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11.
1996 soundtrack listing
Once Upon a Time in New York City - Huey Lewis; written by Barry Mann (music) and Howard Ashman (lyrics)
Why Should I Worry? -
Billy Joel; written by Dan Hartman and Charlie Midnight
Streets of Gold - Ruth Pointer ; written by Dean Pitchford and Tom Snow
Perfect Isn't Easy - Bette Midler ; written by Barry Manilow, Jack Feldman, and Bruce Sussman
Good Company - Myhanh Tran ; written by Ron Rocha and Robert Minkoff
Sykes (instrumental)
Bedtime Story (instrumental)
The Rescue (instrumental)
Pursuit Through The Subway (instrumental)
Buscando Guayaba - Rubén Blades
End Title (instrumental)
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "Why Should I Worry?" (
Nominated)
Young Artist Award for Best Family Feature Film - Animation (Nominated)
Golden Reel Awards for Best Sound Editing (Won)
On April 2, 2021, Paramount Pictures announced work on a hand-drawn animation movie with Paramount Animation producing, titled Oliver & Jenny.
It is unknown if the film is still in production, but it is highly unlikely.
1988 movies
Movies based on books by Charles Dickens
Vincent Thomas Lombardi (June 11, 1913, in Brooklyn, New York, USA–September 3, 1970) was an American football coach that never had a losing season.
Lombardi was named NFL Man of the Decade in the 1960s, and won five NFL championships, including winning the first two Super Bowls.
The yearly trophy given to the Super Bowl champion was renamed the Vince Lombardi Trophy (right) in 1971, the same year Lombardi was named to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
He was head coach of the Green Bay Packers and the Washington Redskins.
Official Vince Lombardi website
Vince Lombardi information from the Pro Football Hall of Fame website
Guano is the excrement of bats and birds.
This excrement is exceptionally high in nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, three nutrients which are essential for plant growth.
Therefore, it is often used as fertilizer, to make plants grow more quickly.
Supreme Court of the United States meets for first time.
Whiskey Rebellion in the United States.
King Louis XVI (France)
Maximilien Robespierre (France)
King George III (Great Britain)
Emperor Leopold II (Holy Roman Empire)
Frederick William II of Prussia, King of Prussia
Emperor Kangxi (China)
Empress Catherine II (Russia)
Emperor Paul (Russia)
President George Washington (United States)
Shahs of Persia (Zand dynasty and Qajar dynasty)
Lotf Ali Khan, 1789–1794
Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, 1796–1797
Jean-François Champollion, French Egyptologist (1790)
Samuel Morse, American inventor (1791)
Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and President of Mexico (1794)
Benjamin Franklin, American scientist and statesman (1790)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (1791)
George Washington, first President of the United States (1799)
By definition, the temperature of the triple point of water is 273.16 Kelvin, or 0.01°C at a pressure of 611.5 Pa (less than 1% of atmospheric pressure).
One degree Celsius is defined as 1/273.16th part of the triple point of water.
This fixes the temperature scale as defined in the ITS 90, which is the international temperature scale of 1990.
This scale is developed as a practical approximation of the thermodynamical temperature scale.
where v is speed and  (lambda) is wavelength.
The formula for the frequency of light waves is  where the c is the speed of light.
All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum but they travel at slower speeds when they travel through a medium that is not a vacuum.