the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It is the precursor molecule (~building block) for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine is involved in many functions including memory and muscle control.
Some animals cannot produce choline, but must have it in their diet to stay healthy.
Humans make a small amount of choline in the liver.
In the United States, choline is recommended as an essential nutrient after research showed that humans need to get it.
They need to have choline in their diet or take a supplementation for proper health.
Possible benefits include reducing the risk of neural tube defects and fatty liver disease.
It has also been found that intake of choline during pregnancy can have long-term beneficial effects on memory for the child.
Choline is usually grouped with the Vitamin B complex.
It is a vitamin that is needed by the human body.
Adults should take between 425 and 550 milligrams of it daily.
Choline is used by the body in the walls of cells and as a neurotransmitter.
It also helps to prevent heart disease.
There are claims that it helps reduce body fat, but this has not been proven.
Choline was discovered by Andreas Strecker in 1864.
In 1998 choline was classified as an needed nutrient by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (USA).
Sources of Choline are egg yolks, soy and cooked beef, chicken, veal and turkey (bird) livers.
Many foods contain small amounts of choline, even iceberg lettuce.
Food supplements
La Borinqueña is the national anthem of Puerto Rico.
The current official music and words were made up in 1903 and have been taught in schools and accepted by the public.
The music was officially made the national anthem by the government in 1952, and the words in 1977.
The title refers to the Taíno (Native American) name for the island of Puerto Rico, Boriken or Borinquen.
Spanish lyrics and translation
National Symbols of Puerto Rico , from the official governor's website.
Before this album came a single, a song that is played on its own, called "I Will Follow".
It became popular and was played on college radio stations and made people know who U2 were. "
I Will Follow" was thought of as a Christian song.
This was because most of the members of U2 were Christians.
None of the band members has said that that is true.
This album is somewhat about Bono's life as a child, and his mother's death when he was 14.
At first, the producer of band Joy Division, Martin Hannett, was supposed to produce (help record) the album, but he was sad about the suicide of Ian Curtis, so he did not help record the album.
It was produced by Steve Lillywhite, and recorded in a Dublin studio called Windmill Lane Studios.
Some songs were written in the studio, like "An Cat Dubh" and "The Ocean".
Some other songs had already been written, and U2 were performing them often, like the songs "Stories for Boys", Out of Control", and "Twilight".
The Edge, U2's guitarist, recorded all of the songs using his Gibson Explorer guitar and his Fender Stratocaster guitar.
Boy reached #63 on the Billboard album charts, a list of the most popular albums in the U.S., and was not on the popularity charts in the United Kingdom.
The song "I Will Follow" reached #20 on a popularity chart called the Mainstream rock charts.
People said that their live shows were too predictable and that Bono, the singer, used too much echo in his singing, but their playing showed that they could play very well.
People also said that Bono was a "charismatic and passionate" singer, meaning that he sang very emotionally and that people could connect to him.
Boy is the only U2 album that every song has been played live, including all of the b-sides (songs that are extra songs on a single).
On the list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, made by the rock magazine Rolling Stone, Boy was 417th on the list.
Album cover
The boy on the cover of the album is a boy named Peter Rowen.
He is the brother of Bono's friend Guggi, and he is a famous Irish photographer.
He has been on other U2 album covers, including Three and War.
The person who took the picture has made other U2 covers, too.
In case that the band could be blamed for pedophilia, they changed the cover to a stretched picture of the four band members.
I Will Follow - 3:36
Twilight - 4:22
An Cat Dubh - 6:21
Into the Heart - 1:53
Out of Control - 4:13
Stories for Boys - 3:02
The Ocean - 1:34
A Day Without Me - 3:14
Another Time, Another Place - 4:34
The Electric Co. - 4:48
Shadows and Tall Trees - 4:36
There were two singles released from this album.
They were "I Will Follow" and "A Day Without Me".
The album that came before "Boy" was called Three.
On very early copies of Boy, there is a 30-second instrumental piece that is am early version of "Fire", which was on a later album called October.
Bono - singing
The Edge - guitar, singing
Adam Clayton - bass
Larry Mullen Jr. - drums
Chart positions and sales
U2 albums
An ergastic substance is a non-protoplasm material that one can find in cells.
These are usually products of metabolism.
Ergastic substances include crystals, oil drops, gums, tannins, resins and other compounds.
Some of these substances help the organism function, keep up cell structure, or are just stored food material such as oil or fat.
During the life of a cell, they can appear and disappear.
Ergastic substances are usually absent in tissue with dividing cells, such as meristem tissue in plants.
Plant cells often store noxious substances in leaf cells as a kind of defence against herbivory.
In animals storing noxious substances is done as defence against predation.
Storing venom for use in biting or stings is common in some groups of animals.
Adenine is one of the nucleobase or basic molecules which form DNA and RNA.
They are usually called Nitrogenous bases in genetics.
In DNA, adenine sticks to thymine with two hydrogen bonds to help in making the nucleic acid structures stronger.
In RNA, which is used in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis, adenine sticks to uracil.
Adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4, but no longer.
However, two B vitamins, niacin and riboflavin, bind with adenine to form the essential cofactors NAD and FAD respectively.
Some think that, at the origin of life on Earth, the first adenine was formed by the polymerization (joining) of five hydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecules.
This is not generally accepted.
Odo of France becomes King of the Franks.
Charles the Fat dies.
Trial and error is a primitive method of solving problems.
It is characterised by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success, or until the agent stops trying.
It is an unsystematic method, which does not employ insight, theory or organised methodology.
According to W.H. Thorpe, the term was devised by C. Lloyd Morgan after trying out similar phrases "trial and failure" and "trial and practice".
Under Morgan's canon, animal behaviour should be explained in the simplest possible way.
Where behaviour seems to imply higher mental processes, it might be explained by trial and error learning.
An example is the skilful way in which his terrier Tony opened the garden gate, easily misunderstood as an insightful act by someone seeing the final behaviour.
Lloyd Morgan, however, had watched and recorded the series of approximations by which the dog had gradually learned the response, and could demonstrate that no insight was required to explain it.
Edward Thorndike showed how to manage a trial and error experiment in the laboratory.
In his famous experiment, a cat was placed in a series of puzzle boxes in order to study the law of effect in learning.
He plotted learning curves which recorded the timing for each trial.
Thorndike's key observation was that learning was promoted by positive results, which was later refined and extended by B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning.
Harris Scarfe is an Australian department store.
It sells items including clothing, pots and pans, cutlery.
The store went bankrupt in 2001, but has since bounced back.
In 2004, Harris Scarfe bought the Allens group of seven department and five homewares stores.
They continued to trade under the Allens name in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, until 2008 when they got merged with Harris Scarfe.
Harris Scarfe has stores located in most Australian states.
In New South Wales and the ACT they used to trade as Allens.
They were acquired by Harris Scarfe in 2004, but continued to trade under the Allens name.
In late 2008, the name of these stores was being changed from Allens to Harris Scarfe.
The main store for the company is located in Rundle Mall, Adelaide.
The store is five stories tall.
The main store for Tasmania is in Hobart and it is three stories tall.
Items stocked
Harris Scarfe sells items in two main groups, In Style (which includes all clothing) and At Home (all other goods, such as homewares & linen).
The Adelaide store sells more goods than the other stores.
Many of the Allens stores sell less goods than other stores.
Department stores
Flushing is a neighborhood in the Queens borough of New York City.
Flushing is the largest urban center in New York.
New York's second-biggest Chinatown is there.
The earliest atlases were not called by that name at the time of their publication.
The first book that could be called an atlas was constructed from the calculations of Claudius Ptolemy, a geographer who worked in Alexandria circa A.D. 150.
The first edition was published in Bologna in 1477 and was illustrated with a set of 27 maps, though scholars say that it is not known whether the printed maps were engraved versions of original maps made by Ptolemy, or whether they were constructed by medieval Greek scholars from Ptolemy's text.
From about 1544, many maps were produced, especially in the important trading centers of Rome and Venice.
Each publisher worked independently.
They produced maps based upon their own needs.
The maps often varied dramatically in size.
Over time, it became common to bind the maps together into one book.
Although the term atlas was not in use in 1544, these works are now called "IATO" atlases - (Italian, Assembled to Order) or more frequently "Lafreri atlases" after one of the leading publishers of the period.
Modern atlases
With the coming of the global market, publishers in different countries can reprint maps from plates made elsewhere.
This means that the place names on the maps often use the designations or abbreviations of the language of the country in which the feature is located, to serve the widest market.
For example, islands near Russia have the abbreviation "O." for "ostrov", not "I." for "island".
This practise differs from what is standard for any given language.
Selected general atlases
Piri Reis Map (Ottoman Empire, 1570-1612)
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Netherlands, 1570-1612)
Dell'Arcano del Mare (England/Italy, 1645-1661)
Cartes générales de toutes les parties du monde (France, 1658-1676)
Britannia Depicta (London, 1720)
Atlas Nouveau (Amsterdam, 1742)
Cary's New and Correct English Atlas (London, 1787)
Stielers Handatlas (Germany, 1817-1944)
Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas (Germany, 1881-1939; in the UK as Times Atlas of the World, 1895)
Rand McNally Atlas (United States, 1881-present)
Times Atlas of the World (United Kingdom, 1895-present)
Atlante Internazionale del Touring Club Italiano (Italy, 1927-1978)
Atlas Mira (Russia, 1937-present)
Gran Atlas Aguilar (Spain, 1969/1970)
Pergamon World Atlas (1962/1968)
National Geographic Atlas of the World (United States, 1963-present)
Historical Atlas of China (China)
See Other websites below for online modern atlases and digitized historical atlases.
The collection of digitized world atlases at DavidRumsey.com lists many significant atlases of the 18th-20th centuries.
On the origin of the term "Atlas"
Online atlases
Gheos Worldguide, world atlas with maps and statistical information from all countries of the world.
Microsoft/Encarta/Expedia World atlas, world atlas, plus atlas for North America and Europe to street level.
MapChart EarthAtlas, free online atlas with interactive maps about topics like demography, economy, health and environment.
Multimap World atlas: on UK, US, Canada, Australia and Western Europe more detailed than the rest of the world
world atlas by country
Atlas of the World  A world atlas with hundreds of very detailed and elaborate maps
Physical Atlas of the World Online world atlas with physical maps
National Atlas of the United States
Geospatial One-Stop  geodata.gov
Geography Network
National Geographic MapMachine
Tirolatlas An online atlas of North-, South- and Eastern-Tyrol (Austria), requires SVG capabilities in the browser.
History of atlases
Atlases, at the US Library of Congress site - a discussion of many significant atlases, with some illustrations.
Part of  Geography and Maps, an Illustrated Guide.
Historical atlases online
Atlases at DavidRumsey.com includes many important atlases from the 18th-20th centuries, primarily from France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The site also presents maps from several centuries.
About 13,600 high resolution images can be viewed and downloaded.
Ryhiner Collection  Composite atlas with maps, plans and views from the 16th to the 18th century, covering the whole globe, with about 16,000 images in total, including title pages of atlases
1645 Latin edition of Blaeu's Atlas  at UCLA (partial copy)
Historical map web sites list, Perry-Castañeda Library, University of Texas
Charting North America, maps and atlases in the New York Public Library Digital Collection
maphistory.info links
A historical atlas from 1815 till today, in French
Historical Atlas of Europe from AD 1 to 2000
Centennia Historical Atlas
World History Maps at KMLA
Historical and Political Maps of the Modern Age
Other links
Live Maps: 2D and 3D interactive maps on live.com.
Google Earth: a visual 3D interactive atlas.
Atlas World:  a directory of atlases currently in print.
NASA's World Wind software
One Planet, Many People  UN Atlas of the Human impact on the Environment
Malaria Atlas Project
InstantAtlas Create your own interactive atlas for any area
T-Mobile Team (UCI Team Code: TMO) is a professional cycling team competing in international road bicycle races.
It is named after its chief sponsor - the T-Mobile company.
The team takes part in many editions of the annual Grand Tours of cycling, such as the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia.
Since 2005, the team has been one of 20 teams that compete in the new UCI ProTour.
The team was founded in 1991 as Team Telekom, sponsored by T-Mobile's parent Deutsche Telekom - but in 2004 their name changed to the current Team T-Mobile .
It has 29 riders, 9 physiotherapists or nurses, 9 mechanics, and has 22 partners.
The team is managed of Olaf Ludwig and Eddy Vandenhecke, and its sports directors, sometimes caleed  directeurs sportifs Brian Holm, Tristan Hoffman, Allan Peiper, Valerio Piva and Jan Schaffrath.
Founded as Team Telekom in 1991 with Walter Godefroot the team manager, the team soon became important presence in international cycling.
In 1994, the German sprinter Erik Zabel won the first UCI Road World Cup victory in the history of the team, the Paris-Tours.
A year later, in 1995, Zabel won two stages in the 1995 Tour de France.
The next two years saw the international breakthrough of the team.
Godefroot brought in Danish rider Bjarne Riis, finished third in the 1995 Tour, and he went on to win the 1996 Tour de France.
Jan Ullrich was then a support rider, and  finished in second place.
In the 1997 Tour de France Ullrich as he won the race with support from Riis, who had earlier won the Amstel Gold World Cup race .
Team Telekom also won the team classification, as the overall strongest team of the 1997 Tour.
In both 1997 and 1998, Zabel won the Milan-Sanremo, while Ullrich finished second in the 1998 Tour de France.
Ullrich went on to win the 1999 Vuelta a España, but missed the 1999 Tour de France due to a knee injury.
The next year, Zabel won the overall World Cup victory, having won the Milan-Sanremo and Amstel Gold Race, while Ullrich placed second again in the 2000 Tour de France to Lance Armstrong.
In 2001, Zabel won Milan-Sanremo for the fourth time.
Ullrich came in second in the 2001 Tour de France, while Zabel won six stages combined in the 2001 Tour and Vuelta.
Kazakh rider Alexandre Vinokourov won the Paris-Nice stage race in 2002, a feat he would duplicate in 2003, also winning the Amstel Gold Race and Tour de Suisse that year.
As Ullrich left the team to form Team Bianchi in 2003, Vinokourov became team leader for the 2003 Tour de France.
He finished in third place, just below the second placed Ullrich.
Zabel won the 2003 Paris-Tours, while Italian rider Daniele Nardello took the Züri-Metzgete.
In 2004, the team changed its name to T-Mobile.
Jan Ullrich returned to the team, and raced the 2004 Tour de France as team leader, but Vinokourov did not ride in the Tour.
Ullrich finished fourth, while Andreas Klöden was the best placed rider of the team in second place.
Team T-Mobile was again the strongest team overall.
In the spring of 2005, Vinokourov won the Liège-Bastogne-Liège classic race.
Ullrich, as the team leader, finished 3rd overall in the 2005 Tour de France.
Alexandre Vinokourov rode in support, and finished fifth as well as winning two stages, including the final stage on the Champs-Elysees.
Italian rider Giuseppe Guerini also won a stage and the team once again winning the team classification.
In July 2005, during the 2005 Tour, Vinokourov's contract was running out and speculation was abundant if he was to stay with T-Mobile.
With four days left of the 2005 Tour, he announcedt that he would leave the team to try to win the Tour de France as a team captain and after the Tour he joined the Liberty Seguros team.
After 13 years with Team Telekom and T-Mobile Team, Erik Zabel also left in 2005 to ride for the newly formed Team Milram.
Before the 2006 season, Olaf Ludwig took over from Walter Godefroot as team manager.
Doping scandal
Thirteen riders were expelled from the 2006 Tour de France because of a Spanish doping scandal.
The day before the prologue of the 93rd edition Jan Ullrich, one of the favourites to win the race, was among those excluded from the Tour.
Another T-Mobile rider, Oscar Sevilla, was also expelled, leaving the team starting with only seven riders.
On 9 July, the team sacked sporting director Rudy Pevenage because he was linked with Jan Ullrich in the doping scandal.
"The contract linking T-Mobile to Pevenage has been retrospectively stopped on 30 June," the team's general manager, Olaf Ludwig, said.
On July 21, 2006, Jan Ullrich was fired.
At the 2006 Tour de France, T-Mobile won the team classification for the third consecutive year, Andreas Klöden reached the podium (3rd place) for the second time,  Matthias Kessler won Stage 3, Serhiy Honchar won two individual time trials (Stages 7 and 19) and wore the yellow jersey for 3 days (after Stages 7–9).
In May 2007, several former riders admitted using banned substances (include EPO) while riding for the team in the mid 1990s, including Erik Zabel, Rolf Aldag, Brian Holm, Bjarne Riis, Bert Dietz, Udo Bölts and Christian Henn including the seasons in which Riis and Ullrich won the Tour de France.
Team doctors Andreas Schmid and Lothar Heinrich has also confessed to helping and administering banned substances.
Heinrich was Team Telekom's sporting director until May 3, 2007 when he was suspended following allegations published in former team member Jef d'Hont's book.
To present a new image the team brought a young team to the 2007 Tour de France, and drug-free attitude and image.
However, Patrik Sinkewitz tested positive for higher than normal level of testosterone during a training camp.
The results were only announced when Sinkiewitz was in hospital because of a crash.
He was still  dismissed on 31 July 2007.
2007 ProTeam
Film: Hell on Wheels
In 2005 a film titled Hell on Wheels was released.
It is a record of the 100th anniversary (but only the 90th running because of World War I and World War II) of the Tour de France in 2003 from the perspective of the then-Team Telekom.
List of teams and cyclists in the 2007 Tour de France
2007 Tour de France
T-Mobile Team official website
T-Mobile Team  at usacycling.org
German cycling teams
T-Mobile is a mobile (cell phone) network operator headquartered in Bonn, Germany.
It was founded in 1990 and is a part of Deutsche Telekom and belongs to the FreeMove alliance.
T-Mobile is a group of mobile phone companies (all owned by Deutsche Telekom) that operate GSM and UMTS networks in Europe and the United States.
The "T" stands for "Telekom".
Most subsidiaries (companies) of Deutsche Telekom have names beginning with "T-" like T-Home and T-Online.
T-Mobile also owns parts of mobile operators in Eastern Europe.
Globally, T-Mobile has 101 million subscribers, making it the world's sixth largest mobile phone service provider by subscribers and the third largest multinational after the United Kingdom's Vodafone and Spain's Telefonica.
As well as football kit sponsors for FC Bayern Munich, Ferencvárosi TC, The Blues City and Borehamwood, T-Mobile is also a sponsor of several sports events, some of which carry the company name.
For example, it sponsors its own cycling team, the T-Mobile Team, and the Austrian first division football competition, the T-Mobile Bundesliga.
It was also the official global mobile phone carrier for the 2006 FIFA World Cup (football) in Germany.
Simplified English is a set of approved words and writing rules.
Its makers made it to help engineers write manuals (instruction books) so that people all over the world can read them.
It can decrease doubt.
It can make reading faster.
It can help understanding for people whose first (native) language is not English.
It can make translation easier for humans.
It can make computer-helped translation and machine translation better.
The rules say to only use the words in simplified English in approved ways.
This decreases misunderstanding.
For example, the rules approve the use of the verb close ("Do not close the door").
The rules approve the use of the adjective closed, meaning "not open" ("The door is not closed").
The adjective close means near ("Do not go close to the door").
The rules disapprove the use of the adjective close.
The rules approve the use of the adjective near ("Do not go near the door") for this meaning.
The rules specify the use of the adjective near instead of the adjective close.
This way, the reader can be sure if the instructions say to keep the door open or to stay far from the door.
People started developing simplified English in the 1970s.
People continue developing simplified English today.
AECMA is the "European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers".
AECMA began work on simplified English.
ASD is the "AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe".
ASD has a Maintenance Group called STEMG that continues work on simplified English.
STEMG is the "Simplified Technical English Maintenance Group".
STEMG maintains the ASD-STE100, the latest simplified English.
Official page of ASD Simplified Technical English Maintenance Group (STEMG)
A brief overview of Simplified English with a selection of links
World English Organization
Simplus - Simplified English Checker
In RNA thymine is swapped for uracil to represent the same genetic information.
In DNA, thymine (T) connects to adenine (A) by two hydrogen bonds.
These pair bonds hold the two strands of the DNA double helix structure together.
Probability distribution is a term from mathematics.
Suppose there are many events with random outcomes.
A probability distribution is the theoretical counterpart to the frequency distribution.
A frequency distribution simply shows how many times a certain event occurred.
A probability distribution says how many times it should have occurred in the long run (that is, its probability).
The probability distribution of a random variable  is often written as  (or simply ).
Such a distribution can either be discrete, taking a discrete (or countable) amount of values, or continuous, taking an uncountable amount of values (as from a continuous interval).
where result is the outcome of the dice roll, and the probability shows the chances of that result occurring.
If we roll a dice 60 times, then in the long run, we should expect to have each side appear 10 times on average.
There are different probability distributions.
Each of them has its use, its benefits and its drawbacks.
Some common probability distributions include:
it:Variabile casuale#Distribuzione di probabilità
The exponential distribution with rate , written , is a probability distribution defined only on the positive real numbers.
It is the continuous analogue of geometric distribution.
Exponential distribution is used in reliability applications, and its main use is to assess the duration of random time intervals.
Examples where it can be used include:
Time length of a telephone call
How long does it take to perform a service (for example, to fix something at a service point)
Amount of time between two phone calls
Half life of atoms (radioactive decay)
Expected lifetime of electronic (or other) parts, if wearing is not considered (this is called Mean Time Between Failures, MTBF)
Age of plants or animals
Very simple model used by insurance companies
Online calculator of Exponential Distribution
In probability and statistics, the binomial distribution is a probability distribution which models the probabilities of having a certain number of successes among n identical trials (each having p as the probability of success).
It is also written as .
The variables n and p are thus the two parameters of a binomial distribution.
The binomial distribution has discrete values.
It counts the number of successes in yes/no-type experiments.
Each of these experiment, also called Bernoulli trial, either results in success or failure.
Examples of binomial distribution include:
Tossing a coin 10 times, and counting the number of face-ups. (
n=10, p=1/2)
Rolling a dice 10 times, and counting the number of sixes. (
n=10, p=1/6)
Counting the number of green-eyed people among 500 randomly chosen people (assuming that 5% of all people have green eyes). (
n=500, p=0.05)
The outcomes are mutually exclusive, that is, there are two possible outcomes which cannot occur simultaneously (for example.
in flipping a coin, there are two possible outcomes: heads or tails.
It is always one or the other, never both or a mix of outcomes).
The probability of a success (p) is consistent throughout the problem (for example, a basketball player makes 85% of his free throws.
Each time the player attempts a free throw, 85% is assumed to be the likelihood of a made shot).
The trials are independent of each other (for example, on the second flip of a coin, the first outcome does not impact the chance of the next toss: the chance of tossing a heads (or tails) is still 50%).
In probability and statistics, Poisson distribution is a probability distribution.
It is named after Siméon Denis Poisson.
It measures the probability that a certain number of events occur within a certain period of time.
The events need to be unrelated to each other.
They also need to occur with a known average rate, represented by the symbol  (lambda).
More specifically, if a random variable  follows Poisson distribution with rate , then the probability of the different values of  can be described as follows:
The numbers of cars that pass on a certain road in a certain time
The number of telephone calls a call center receives per minute
The number of light bulbs that burn out (fail) in a certain amount of time
The number of mutations in a given stretch of DNA after a certain amount of radiation
The number of errors that occur in a system
The number of Property & Casualty insurance claims experienced in a given period of time
Samaná is a Dominican province.
It takes up the whole Samaná Peninsula.
Its capital city is Santa Bárbara de Samaná, usually called just "Samaná".
It is one of the main tourist regions of the country with several important resorts.
The word Samaná, written as Xamaná  centuries ago, is the Taíno name of the region.
The meaning of the word is unknown.
Samaná was visited by Christopher Columbus in January 1493, during his first travel to the Americas.
At that moment, Samaná was occupied by Ciguayos, a tribe of Native Americans with the same culture of the Taínos but a different language.
After the conquest of the Hispaniola island by the Spaniards, Samaná was occupied by different groups of Europeans, mainly French people.
Some groups of maroon (runaway slaves) lived in the mountains for many years.
When the eastern part of the Hispaniola (the Santo Domingo colony) was given to France in 1795, the French government tried to develop the region, and many French families moved to Samaná to grow coffee; many places in Samaná have French names.
Most of those French families left Samaná when Spain took again the colony in 1809.
Jean-Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti, sent some Haitian families to live in Tessón, to the north of Santa Bárbara de Samaná.
Boyer brought ex-slaves from Philadelphia to live in the country, and 200 of them were taken to live in Samaná.
Both the Haitian and the American populations kept their languages and traditions.
In 1888, the railway from Sánchez to La Vega (in the La Vega province) began to run across the rich region of the Cibao.
Sánchez became the most important port of the country during the rest of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century.
The railroad worked until 1966.
It was created as a Maritime District (a special administrative category that has been abandoned) on 4 June 1867.
The 1907 Dominican Constitution changed its status to province with the municipalities of Samaná and Sánchez.
In 1966, Las Terrenas was made the third municipality of the province.
To the north and east of the peninsula (and province) is the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
To the south is the Samaná Bay.
Samaná shares borders with the Duarte and María Trinidad Sánchez provinces (west).
It also shares a short border with the Monte Plata province.
In  (last national census), there were  people living in the Samaná province, and 44,190 () living in towns and cities.
The population density was  persons/km².
Its population represents  of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 22nd (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.
A mountain chain called Sierra de Samaná runs across the province, from west to east; only in the western part, west of Sánchez, there is flat land because it is an estuary.
The Sierra de Samaná gets to the coast, except in some places where there are very good beaches.
The highest mountain in the province is in the eastern part of the peninsula and is called La Meseta,  high.
The altitude of Santa Bárbara de Samaná, provincial capital, is  above sea level.
There are many rivers and creeks but all are very short because the mountains get very close to the coast.
There are more rivers on the southern part of the province but the most important rivers (Limón, Cantón and San Juan) are on the northern part, flowing to the Atlantic Ocean;
In the southwestern part of the province is the Yuna river, one of the most important river of the country; it flows into the Samaná Bay.
Samaná has a wet tropical climate, with temperature of , on average.
The yearly rainfall on the Sierra de Samaná is above .
The most important economic activity of the province is agriculture; Samaná is the biggest producer of coconut in the country but the demand for that product is diminishing.
Cacao and rice are produced in the western part of the province.
Tourism is very important in the province because of the beautiful beaches in the province.
Whale-watching is an important economic activity because many tourists come the province to watch the humpback whales that come in late winter and early spring to breed in the warm waters of the Samaná Bay.
1867 establishments in North America
1860s establishments in the Dominican Republic
In computer science, an interpreter is a computer program that performs commands written in a computer programming language.
Interpreters are one of the two most important ways a program can be run, the other being compilation.
The interpreter is a language processor which converts a HLL(High-Level Programming Language) program into machine language by converting and executing it line-by-line.
If there is any error in any line, it reports it at the same time and program execution cannot resume until the error is rectified.
Interpreter must always be present in the memory every time the program is executed as every time the program is run, it is first interpreted and then executed.
For error debugging, interpreter is very much useful as it reports the error(S) at the same time.
But once errors are removed, unnecessary usage of memory takes place as it has to be present in the memory always.
The flag of the United Arab Emirates () is used to represent, or show, the United Arab Emirates.
It contains the Pan-Arab colors, which are red, green, white, and black, to show Arab unity.
The Flag was designed by a Young Emirati boy named as Abdullah Mohammed Al Maainah  in 1971.
Red represents hardiness, bravery, strength and courage.
The vertical red band can also be interpreted as binding all the other meanings together in unity.
Green represents hope, joy, optimism, and love.
It can also symbolize the countries prosperity.
White represents peace and honesty.
White is the purest colour, and is interpreted by some to symbolise cleanliness.
The Donna Reed Show is an American sitcom television series.
It aired on ABC from 1958 to 1966.
The show stars Donna Reed as Donna Stone, a housewife, Carl Betz as Alex Stone, a pediatrician (baby doctor), Shelley Fabares as their teenage daughter Mary, and Paul Petersen as their son Jeff.
Mary left for college in the show's fifth year and Paul Petersen's real life little sister Patty Petersen joined the show as Trisha, a child the Stones adopt.
Bob Crane and Ann McCrea joined the show in its last years as Stone family friends Dave and Midge Kelsey.
The show focuses on an upper middle class American family.
Donna is a somewhat idealized housewife who capably handles any problems or situations that come her way.
The show had many famous guest stars: singers James Darren and Lesley Gore, actor George Hamilton, swimmer and actress Esther Williams, Lassie as her TV character, sports stars Don Drysdale and Willie Mays, Buster Keaton, and Jay North as his TV character Dennis the Menace.
Reed won the 1963 Golden Globe Best Female TV Star Award.
Black and white television series
Alien: Resurrection is a 1997 American science fiction-horror-thriller movie.
It was written by Joss Whedon and directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet.
It opened on November 26, 1997.
The movie is the fourth in the Alien series of movies.
It was the first in the series that was not made in England.
The music was composed by John Frizzell.
It stars Sigourney Weaver as Ellen Ripley.
The events of Alien: Resurrection take place two centuries after the events of Alien³. Ellen Ripley has been cloned on the outer space military science vessel Auriga.
This is done so they can get the alien queen embryo that was inside her.
After taking out the queen embryo, the scientists decide to keep the Ripley clone alive for further study.
They raise the alien queen to adult size and collect its eggs for further use.
Because of the cloning process, Ripley has several new abilities including enhanced strength, acidic blood, and a link with the aliens.
The Betty, a ship full of mercenaries, comes to the Auriga.
It is bringing several kidnapped humans to be used in experiments.
The mercenaries meet Ripley.
Their youngest member Call (Winona Ryder) recognizes her name and tries to kill Ripley.
Call thinks Ripley may be used to create more aliens.
Call is too late.
The adult aliens have already been created and quickly escape their confinement.
Dr. Wren, one of the ship's scientists, tells them that, in an emergency, the Auriga will automatically return to Earth.
Knowing that this will free the aliens on Earth, Ripley, the mercenaries, Wren, a surviving marine named DiStephano, and a surviving alien host, Purvis, set out to escape on the Betty and then destroy the Auriga.
As the group makes their way through the damaged ship, several of them are killed by the aliens.
The group finds out that Call is an android.
Using her abilities to control the damaged ship's systems, they set it to crash into the Earth.
They hope that the aliens will be destroyed when the ship crashes.
The alien queen from inside Ripley has also gain a new ability.
She can give birth to live offspring now.
The offspring, which appears more humanoid, sees Ripley as its "mother" and kills the alien queen.
Ripley escapes soon after and heads for the Betty.
Ripley and the surviving mercenaries arrive at the Betty.
As they launch, the human/alien offspring attacks Ripley and Call.
Ripley kills it by using her own acidic blood to burn a hole through part of the ship.
This causes the creature to be pulled through the small hole and into the vacuum of space.
The survivors escape in the Betty as the Auriga crashes through the atmosphere and down towards Earth.
Despite positive reviews for Sigourney Weaver's and Winona Ryder's performances, the movie is the least successful in the series and was not well liked by the critics.
The movie cost $70 million to make, but it earned only $47.8 million in the US.
It did earn a total of $161.3 million worldwide.
However, Winona Ryder won the Blockbuster Entertainment Award for her role in the movie.
Screenwriter Joss Whedon was extremely unhappy with the final version of movie.
In a 2005 interview, when asked how the movie was different from the script he had written, Whedon said, "It wasn't a question of doing everything differently, although they changed the ending; it was mostly a matter of doing everything wrong.
They said the lines... mostly... but they said them all wrong.
And they cast it wrong.
And they designed it wrong.
They did everything wrong that they could possibly do.
There's actually a fascinating lesson in filmmaking, because everything that they did reflects back to the script or looks like something from the script, and people assume that, if I hated it, then they’d changed the script... but it wasn’t so much that they’d changed the script; it’s that they just executed it in such a ghastly fashion as to render it almost unwatchable."
1997 thriller movies
Daniel Louis Castellaneta (born October 29, 1957) is an Emmy award winning American Actor, Voice actor, Comedian and Screenwriter best known for providing the voice of Homer Simpson and other characters on the long-running FOX animated series The Simpsons.
As well as being a voice actor for The Simpsons, Dan Castellaneta has also written a few episodes of The Simpsons along with his wife, Deb Lacusta.
Full list of Simpsons Characters Voiced By Dan Castellaneta
Krusty The Clown
Mayor Quimby
Hans Moleman
Sideshow Mel
Kodos
Gil Gunderson
Squeaky Voiced Teen
Blue-Haired Lawyer
Rich Texan
Arnie Pie
Mr. Teeny
Yes Guy
Scott Christian
Assistant Superintendent Leopold
Rabbi Krustofski
Frankie the Squealer
| 1987–1990
| The Tracey Ullman Show
| Various characters
| 1989–present
| The Simpsons
| Homer Simpson,Abe Simpson,Krusty the Clown,Barney Gumble,Various characters
| Has also written four episodesWon four Primetime Emmy Awards
| rowspan=5|1990
| ALF
| Steve Michaels
| Episode 4.21: "Stayin' Alive"
| TaleSpin
| Dr. Zibaldo
| Episode 63: "The Incredible Shrinking Molly"
| Bagdad Café
| Gilbert
| Episode 2.6: "Rainy Days and Mondays"
| Working Tra$h
| George Agrande
| 42nd Primetime Emmy Awards
| Homer Simpson
| TV special
| 1990, 1992
| Married... with Children
| PeteFuneral Director
| Episode 5.5: "Dance Show"Episode 7.9: "Death of a Shoe Salesman"
| rowspan=4|1991
| Dream On
| Phil
| Episode 2.3: "The 37-Year Itch"
| Taz-Mania
| Mister Thickley
| Recurring role
| Sibs
| Warren Morris
| Sesame Street
| Voice; guest star (Celebrity Monster in the Mirror)
| rowspan=2|1991–1992
| Darkwing Duck
| Megavolt/Elmo Sputterspark
| Appeared in 12 episodes
| Back to the Future: The Animated Series
| Dr. Emmett Brown
| Appeared in all 26 episodes
| rowspan=6|1992
| Lady Against the Odds
| Len Chisholm
| television film
| Fievel's American Tails
| Chula the Tarantula
| Appeared in nine episodes
| L.A. Law
| David Champion
| Episode 7.1: "L.A. Lawless"
| Dinosaurs
| Zabar
| Episode 3.6: "Germ Warfare"
| Tiny Toon Adventures
| JeffriesHarvey
| Episode 3.13: "Grandma's Dead"Episode 3.20: "It's a Wonderful Tiny Toon Christmas Special"
| Goof Troop
| Coach Roach, Talent Scout, Game Announcer
| Episode 1.64: "To Catch A Goof"
| 1992–1997
| Eek!
| MittensBill
| Appeared in 11 episodes
| rowspan=5|1993
| Animaniacs
| Dracula
| episode 29 Draculee Draculaa/Franken Runt
| The Pink Panther
| Voodoo ManAdditional voices
| Recurring roles
| Tracey Ullman Takes On New York
| Gordon
| HBO one-off special
| Sonic the Hedgehog
| Lazaar
| Episode 1.5: "Super Sonic"; uncredited
| Marsupilami
| Stewart
| Episodes 1.7 and 1.11
| rowspan=7|1994
| The Critic
| Episode 1.3: "Dial 'M' for Mother"
| Wings
| George Wexler
| Episode 5.18: "Moonlighting"
| The George Carlin Show
| Passenger
| Episode 1.7: "George Gets Some Money"
| Related by Birth
| Bakersfield P.D.
| Darian Ferguson
| Episode 1.17: "Last One Into the Water"
| Grace Under Fire
| Mr. Rudder
| Episode 2.5: "Jimmy's Girl"
| The Tick
| Mole King
| Episode 1.11: "The Tick vs. the Mole-Men"
| 1994–1995
| Aladdin
| GenieFrajhid the Ice Efreet
| Appeared in all 86 episodesEpisode 27: "Of Ice and Men"
| rowspan=2|1995
| Murphy Brown
| Tony Lucchesi
| Episode 7.17: "Specific Overtures"
| The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes
| Alan Winsdale
| 1995–1996
| Earthworm Jim
Evil Jim
| Appeared in all 23 episodes
| 1996-2003
| Dexter's Laboratory
| Additional characters
| rowspan=4|1996
| The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper
| Additional voices
| Friends
| Zoo Janitor
| Episode 2.12: "The One After the Super Bowl: Part 1"
| NYPD Blue
| Gus
| Episode 3.15: "Head Case"
| Quack Pack
| Gil (voice)
| Episode 1.13: "Koi Story"
| 1996–2004
| Hey Arnold!
| Various characters| Grandpa Phil
| rowspan=4|1997
| Cybill
| DaVolio
| Episode 3.17: "Kiss Me, You Fool"
| The Drew Carey Show
| Stan
| Episode 2.20: "Two Drews and the Queen of Poland"
| Nightmare Ned
| Number 1
| Episode "Alien Abduction"
| The Online Adventures of Ozzie the Elf
| Comet & Blitzen
| 1997–1999
| Cow and Chicken
| Earl and various characters
| rowspan=2|1998
| Rhapsody in Bloom
| Chelton
| Television film
| Hercules: The Animated Series
| Homer the reporter
| Episodes 1.18: "Hercules and the Comedy of Arrows" and 1.26: "Hercules and the Trojan War"
| rowspan=2|1998–2001
| Histeria!
| Everybody Loves Raymond
| Bryan
| Episodes 2.20: "T-Ball" and 6.8: "It's Supposed to Be Fun"
| 1998–2003
| Rugrats
| Jonathan
| rowspan=6|1999
| Mad About You
| Rory O'Grady
| Episode 7.10: "Win a Free Car"
| Detention
| Johnny Bravo
| Harvey
| Episode 2.11: "A League of His Own/Johnny Goes to Camp/Buffoon Lagoon"
| Oh, Grow Up
| Sven Jorgensen
| Episode 1.7: "Hunter's Metamorphosis"
| Nash Bridges
| Eddie Day
| Episode 5.9: "Crosstalk"
| Olive, the Other Reindeer
| The Postman
| 1999–2013
| Futurama
| Robot Devil
| Episodes "Hell is Other Robots", "The Devil's Hands Are Idle Playthings", "Ghost in the Machines", "The Six Million Dollar Mon", and "Calculon 2.0".
| Buzz Lightyear of Star Command
| Appeared in eight episodes
| 2000, 2001
| Batman Beyond
| Mr. BrooksGuardKobra Commado
| Episode 2.13: "Terry's Friend Dates a Robot"Episode 3.10: "The Curse of the Kobra: Part 1"Episode 3.11: "The Curse of the Kobra: Part 2"
| 2000-2003
| Poochini's Yard
| The New Woody Woodpecker Show
| Additional voice
| Episode "Ya Gonna Eat That?/Chilly & Hungry/Brother Cockroach"
| 2001-2004
| Lloyd in Space
| Dunkirque/Mr. Blobberts/Driver/Rodeo Clown Lloyd/Repairman/Park Ranger/Plumber/Delivery Man/Harvulian Melblatznak/Intrepidville Personnel/Joe/Doctor/Blobullon/Additional Voices
| rowspan=3|2001
| Yes, Dear
| Walt
| Episode 1.12: "Where There's a Will, There's a Waiver"
| Laughter on the 23rd Floor
| Milt Fields
| Disney's House of Mouse
| Genie
| Episode 1.2: "Big Bad Wolf Daddy"
| rowspan=2|2002
| Jackie Chan Adventures
| Jumba
| Episode 2.23: "Into the Mouth of Evil"
| Kim Possible
| Appeared in three episodes
| 2002–2003
| Reba
| Eugene Fisher
| Episodes 2.7: "Mommy Nearest" and 2.17: "The Feud"
| rowspan=8|2003
| The Pitts
| Morty
| Episode 1.4: "Dummy and Dummier"
| All Grown Up!
| The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius
| Professor CrankHulk Jimmy
| Episode 2.5: "Operation: Rescue Jet Fusion"Episode 3.10 "The N-Men"
| The Shnookums and Meat Funny Cartoon Show
| Kung-fu Trainer
| Episode 1.1: "Kung-fu Kitty"
| Justice League
| Minister
| Episodes 2.7 and 2.8: "Maid of Honor" Parts 1 and 2
| Duck Dodgers
| Martian sageFootball player #3
| Episode 1.10: "Quarterback Quack/To Love a Duck"
| Frasier
| Brad
| Episode 11.7: "Maris Returns"
| That '70s Show
| Agent Armstrong
| Episode 6.5: "I'm Free"
| rowspan=6|2004
| Party Wagon
| Wild Bill HickokClerkCheyenne #2
| rowspan=3|Television film
| Behind the Camera: The Unauthorized Story of 'Charlie's Angels'''
| Aaron Spelling
| The Jimmy Timmy Power Hour| Goddard's evil robot voice
| Foster's Home For Imaginary Friends| Additional voices
| As Told by Ginger| Dave BishopJeweler
| Episode 3.3: "About Face"
| Complete Savages| FrogMr.
| Episode 1.6: "Free Lily"
| 2004–2008
| The Batman| Arnold Wesker/Scarface
| rowspan=5|2005
| Stargate SG-1| Joe Spencer
| Episode 8.15: "Citizen Joe"
| What's New, Scooby-Doo?| Officer McBride
| Episode: "A Scooby-Doo Valentine"
| Arrested Development| Dr. Stein
| Episode 2.15: "The Sword of Destiny"
| Firehouse Tales| Stinky
| TV series
| Loonatics Unleashed| College Professor
| Episode 1.6: "The Comet Cometh"
| rowspan=4|2006
| The Jeff Garlin Program| Ted
| Veronica Mars| Dr. Kinny
| Episode 3.2: "My Big Fat Greek Rush Week"
| Casper's Scare School| Stretch
|Legion of Super Heroes| BorisCaptain HowdyColuans
| Episode 1.4: "Fear Factory"
| 2006–2007
| Campus Ladies| Dean Dewey
| Episodes 1.7: "Safety Bathroom" and 2.7: "Safety First"
| rowspan=2|2007
| Sands of Oblivion| Cecil B. DeMille
| Entourage| Andrew Preston
| Episodes 4.2: "The First Cut Is the Deepest" and 4.7: "The Day Fuckers"
| 2007–2011
| Greek| Dr. Milton Hastings
| rowspan=3|2008
| Monk| Tiny Werner
| Episode 6.12: "Mr Monk Goes to the Bank"
| Reno 911!| Commissioner Jerry Salerno
| Episode 5.11: "Junior Runs for Office"
| Relative Stranger| Gary
| rowspan=5|2009
| Castle| Judge Markway
| Episode 1.1: "Pilot" and 1.8: "Ghosts"
|Ghost Whisperer| Frank the Ghost
| Episode 4.12 "The Joint's Haunted"
| How I Met Your Mother| Milt
| Episode 4.22: "Right Place Right Time"
| Bones| Officer Novarro
| Episode 5.7: "The Dwarf in the Dirt"
| Desperate Housewives| Jeff Bicks
| Episode 6.10: "Boom Crunch"
| 2010, 2012
| Late Show with David Letterman| Homer Simpson
| Episodes "17.69" and "20.38"
| rowspan=3|2010
| Tracey Ullman's State of the Union| Agent
| Episode 3.5
| The Good Guys| Walter Diparko
| Episode 1.7: "Hunches & Heists"
| The Simpsons 20th Anniversary Special – In 3-D!
On Ice!| HimselfHomer Simpson
| Parks and Recreation| Derry Murbles
| Episodes 4.3: "Born & Raised", 5.8: "Pawnee Commons" and 6.14 "Anniversaries"
| rowspan=2|2012
| FOX 25th Anniversary Special| Homer Simpson
| The Office| CEO of Prestige Direct Sale Solutions
| Episode 8.23: "Turf War"
| 2012, 2014
| Family Guy| Homer Simpson
| Episode 11.2: "Ratings Guy" and Episode 13.1: "The Simpsons Guy"
| rowspan=4|2013
| Major Crimes| Ray Winters
| Episode 27: "Year-End Blowout"
| Dads| British Narrator
| Episode 1: "Pilot"
| The Mindy Project| Marty
| Episode 18: "Danny's Friend"
| Wendell & Vinnie| Mr. Lipshitz
| rowspan=4|2014
| Last Week Tonight with John Oliver| Homer Simpson
| Episode 1.24: "Episode 24"
| The League| Dr. Harvat
| Episode 67: "Taco Standard Time"
| Quick Draw| Deacon Jim
| Episode 10: "Deacon Jim"
| Hot in Cleveland| Dr. McNally
| Episode 99: "Straight Outta Cleveland"
The Simpsons (1991) - Homer Simpson
The Simpsons Cartoon Studio (1996) - Various characters
Toonstruck (1996) - Flux Wildly
Virtual Springfield (1997) - Various characters
Herc's Adventures (1997) - Hercules
ClayFighter 63 1/3 (1997) - Earthworm Jim, Boogerman
Driver (1998) - Answering machine callers
Planescape: Torment (1999) - Nordom
Y2K: The Game (1999) - Additional voices
Earthworm Jim 3D (1999) - Earthworm Jim
The Simpsons Bowling (1999) - Various characters