the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Taoists also believe that conflict is not good and that if you have a problem with something, it is better to find a way around it.
Taoism first showed up in writing in China about 2500 years ago.
People do not always write about their religions at first, so this religion may be much older.
Some important people of the history of Taoism are:
Laozi, or Lao Tzu ().
He is assumed to have written Tao Te Ching.
Zhuangzi, or Chuang Tzu ().
Like Lao Tzu, his sayings and stories are today put together as a book, and translated into English and other languages.
Huangdi (the Yellow Emperor, ).
He is assumed to have been the first Taoist, but nobody knows for sure if he was a real person or not.
Beliefs and practices
People who follow this religion believe that doing something with words, thoughts, symbolic actions, etc.
can make things in the real world change.
That idea is hard to understand.
Here is an example: There is an old story that says China was once covered by a flood.
The world was saved from the flood by 禹 Yǔ, who had only one leg that worked.
Yǔ went to different parts of China in a special order, and he dug ditches to let the flood water go into the ocean.
When something very bad happens in the world, a Daoist priest can go to the Daoist temple and act out what Yǔ did, and just doing that will make the world get fixed.
Daoist priests do many other things.
For instance, they can use fire and noise to scare demons away.
They can do things to cure sickness.
They can perform funerals and help keep the new ghosts safe from harm.
In Taoism it is assumed that opposites rely on each other to exist.
For example, big and small.
Or, Light and dark.
An adjustment is when something is changed in a small way.
This is usually to make it better.
The word can be used as a verb, as in "Bill needs to adjust his tie".
The wrong word is written on a piece of paper.
By erasing the word and writing the right one, an adjustment has been made to the paper.
A picture hung on a wall is not straight.
It can be adjusted by moving it and making it straight.
Poverty means not having enough money for basic needs such as food, drinking water, shelter, or toiletries.
Many people in different countries live in poverty, especially in developing areas of West and Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Caribbean and some parts of Asia.
There are different ways to measure poverty.
The World Bank says that extreme poverty is when someone has less than US$1 a day to live on (that dollar is an ideal one).
It has been changed to rule out certain effects such as inflation, meaning that prices of things rise higher than what a person is paid, and other price level differences.
Moderate poverty is when people have to live on less than $2 a day.
In the year 2001, 1.1 billion people were seen as extremely poor, and 2.7 billion were seen as moderately poor.
In the developed world this does not apply.
There, many people are seen as the working poor.
They have a job, but do not earn enough money for basic things such as food and a home.
In most developed countries, people without jobs receive money from the government, but this is often less than what they need for a comfortable life.
There are different ways to tell if a country is rich or poor.
The Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, and Human Development Index, or HDI, are two of those measures.
Gross Domestic Product is the money made from trade from inside the country.
HDI, meaning the Human Development Index is a different matter.
It is determined by life expectancy and adult literacy rates.
Places in Africa like Guinea-Bissau,  Sierra Leone and Mali are the poorest, with Sierra Leone having the lowest HDI ranking in the world.
Poverty is a hurdle in the way of a country's progress.
One way of helping lower poverty is by educating poor people so that they can start contributing to a nation's economic development.
Education teaches the poor about their rights and may show them the path to become an important part of the growth and expansion of the country.
Vienna Declaration also tells this fact.
One of the most important things that is needed to make a country richer is for the Government to want to help poor people do better.
Without this, it is hard for people to become better off.
“The poor are starving and their hunger keeps them in poverty.”
a quote from Nathan Jones
A way or path, like in racing
The direction a ship or other vehicle is moving
A class taught at a school
It began with the overseas colonies and trading posts set up by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries.
At its height, it was the largest empire in history, and the world's most powerful superpower for more than a century.
Slavery was used by European powers in the Americas, Britain included.
Millions of black people were captured from Africa and forced to work in colonies of European empires.
However, England was the first of the European powers to ban slavery, and used the Royal Navy to reinforce its ban.
By 1922, more than 458 million people lived in the British Empire, which was more than one fifth of the world's population at that time.
The empire was larger than , almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area.p15 Since it was so large, the British Empire has left a large legal, linguistic and cultural heritage.
Like the Spanish Empire before it, the British Empire was often said to be "the empire on which the sun never sets" because it was so large that the sun was always shining somewhere in the empire.
The Empire controlled land on every inhabited continent.
England, France, and the Netherlands began to make colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia.p2 England fought and won some wars in the 17th and 18th centuries against the Netherlands and France.
After these wars, England (and then, after the union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) became the main colonial power in North America and India.
When Britain gave Hong Kong back to China on 1 July 1997, it marked the effective end of the British Empire.
Britain still has some overseas territories.
New empire
When the Thirteen Colonies became independent in the American War of Independence, the British Empire lost some of its oldest and most important colonies.
But it kept colonies in what are now Canada and Florida, as well as the Caribbean.
It still had colonies and businesses in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific too.
After defeating Napoleonic France in 1815, Britain became the world's only superpower for more than a century.
The empire became even larger.
The empire continued to expand during the 19th century.
The empire would force the Chinese to give them the island of Hong Kong following the Opium Wars during the middle of the 19th century.
During the Scramble for Africa, Britain gained much of Africa, especially in the south.
By the start of the 20th century, the economies of Germany and the United States had begun catching up to Britain, especially in their industrialisation.
Britain allowed Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa to be "self-governing dominions" by the time of the First World War.
They could create their own laws in most matters, and became independent countries in 1931.
The First World War weakened Europe.
Though the British Empire had been the most powerful economy before the war, it was quickly surpassed by the United States as the greatest industrial power after the war.
In the Second World War, Japan took the colonies of Britain and other European countries in South-East Asia.
The allies eventually defeated Japan and took back their colonies, but Britain's prestige in Asia was damaged.
This caused the empire to decline more quickly.
The British Raj included the whole of the Indian subcontinent.
The independence of the two states of India and Pakistan in 1947 was the first and most important step in decolonisation.
In the following decade, Britain also gave independence to most of the territories of the British Empire.
While doing this, the colonial government hid and destroyed many documents about the empire that they thought might get them in trouble.
After the UK transferred Hong Kong back to China in 1997, the British Empire was essentially over.
However, Britain still controls some overseas territories.
After they were given independence, many countries which used to be British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations.
Fifteen Commonwealth countries have the same head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, and are Commonwealth realms.
Abolition of slavery
The Slavery Abolition Act abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834.
In the territories administered by the East India Company and Ceylon, slavery was ended in 1844.
Parliamentary reform in 1832 saw the influence of the East India Company decline.
Under the 1833 Act, slaves were granted full emancipation after a period of four to six years of "apprenticeship".
Facing further opposition from abolitionists, the apprenticeship system was abolished in 1838.
British Empire -Citizendium
Chimbote is the largest city in the Ancash Region of Peru.
The city has over 400,000 residents.
It is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.
Most of the people of Chimbote catch fish, or work with seafood in some way.
The city catches more fish than any other place in Peru.
Chimbote is known for its good version of the national dish of Peru, ceviche.
Chimbote is also the hometown of the former president of Peru, Alejandro Toledo.
A tram (tramcar, trolley, or streetcar) is a passenger vehicle that is like a light train.
It carries people to places within a city.
Because a single tram can carry many people at the same time, riding on a tram instead of driving a car is a good way to help prevent pollution and stop the roads getting too busy.
The word tram is used mainly outside North America, while within North America these vehicles are called streetcars or trolleys as they run mainly on streets.
More modern and larger trams manufactured since the 1970s, such as the one in the second picture from Warsaw, are called light rail vehicles.
These vehicles are bigger because they are very often made of two or more parts, with a bendy section in the middle which works like a human joint.
In railway jargon, these types of vehicles are called "articulated".
These may sometimes have their own right-of-way instead of traveling on the street and their stops are usually farther apart than the stops of trams so that they can travel faster.
On Market Street in San Francisco, vintage streetcars from the 1910s through the 1940s, called "historic streetcars" (the F Market line), that travel on the street are a popular tourist attraction.
Another city whose trams are highly used by tourists is Hong Kong, because here the trams have two floors which is very rare in the world.
In the 1910s to 1930s, in many metropolitan areas in North America, there were special bigger and longer streetcars that traveled long distances to distant suburbs on what were called interurban lines.
These streetcar lines sometimes had "dedicated tracks" with their own right-of-way (land surrounding the tracks) and made fewer local stops.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, in the United States, there was a conspiracy by Standard Oil, General Motors, and Firestone Rubber.
They formed a company called National City Lines to buy streetcar systems, tear up the tracks, and replace them with buses in almost all the cities in North America.
They did this so they could make bigger profits by selling more oil, buses, cars and rubber tires.
Because of this, it was necessary to spend  hundreds of millions of dollars of public funds in the 1980s and 1990s to reconstruct the streetcar systems as light rail systems using light rail vehicles.
This conspiracy is somewhat referred to in the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit.
It is mass-produced food.
It is often pre-prepared and delivered to the shop ready for frying or boiling.
There is a strong priority on "speed of service".
The restaurants that sell fast food are called "fast food shops" or "fast-food restaurants".
Some of the more common fast food restaurants are McDonald's, Wendy's, Burger King, Culver's, Taco Bell, and KFC.
All these chains have a limited short menu and serve the same kind of food in all their outlets.
The shops are subcontracted by the supplying company and tied absolutely by contract to that single supplier.
However, the same kind of criticism could be (and is) directed at some other kinds of restaurants.
The problem is seen by many critics as being one of over-eating, rather than one of the specific food types.
Fast food is often considered unhealthy due to it being loaded with calories, sodium, and unhealthy fat—often enough in one meal for an entire day.
It also tends to be low in nutrients and almost totally lacking in fruit, vegetables, and fiber.
Eating too much fast food can cause a human to have poor quality health which is linked to a higher risk of obesity, depression, digestive issues, heart disease, and stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and early death.
Henry Ford, U.S. inventor; or other members of his family
Ford Motor Company, car company started by Henry Ford; and the cars and trucks it makes
Gerald Ford, former U.S. President
Harrison Ford, U.S. actor
ford, a safe, shallow place to get to the other side of a river
Scott Joplin was an American ragtime musician and composer.
He is widely considered the greatest ragtime composer of all time.
Joplin was African-American and born in the U.S. state of Texas sometime between June 1867 and January 1868 and grew up in Texarkana, Texas.
His relatives were railroad workers.
His father wanted him to find work that would pay.
His mother said he should learn music.
Even though he was from Texas, most of his pieces were written when he was in Missouri and New York City.
Joplin is most well known for writing piano pieces called rags.
His music became popular again in the 1970s, with the album Scott Joplin: Piano Rags, performed by Joshua Rifkin, from Nonesuch Records.
He may be most commonly known now by the Marvin Hamlisch adaptation of his composition The Entertainer (1902) which was used in the 1973 movie The Sting starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford.
His best-known song while he was alive was Maple Leaf Rag (1899).
Other rags he wrote were The Ragtime Dance (1906) and Magnetic Rag (1914).
Scott Joplin wrote more than 40 piano rags, but he also wrote two operas; A Guest of Honor and Treemonisha.
A Guest of Honor was performed in Joplin's lifetime, but since then the music has been lost.
Treemonisha was never performed while Joplin was alive, but it has been performed since then.
Joplin also wrote a symphony, but the music has been lost.
Gildo De Stefano, Ragtime, jazz & dintorni.
Preface by Amiri Baraka.
SUGARCO Editions, Milano 2007
Propane is an organic compound with the chemical formula .
It is an alkane with three carbon atoms.
It is used in fuels.
The flag of Japan shows a red sun (rising sun) in the middle of a white field.
It is called "Nisshoki" (日章旗) formally in Japan.
But Japanese people usually call it "Hinomaru" (日の丸) which means "circle of the sun".
This flag represents the heat of the sun.
Its colours are red and white.
Japan, Flag of
Nationalism is a way of thinking that says that some groups of humans, such as ethnic groups, should be free to rule themselves.
Nationalists think that the best way to make this happen and avoid control or oppression by others is for each group to have their own nation.
Some nationalists think this is the best way to save small and weak groups threatened by the mixing of ethnic groups.
The other definition of nationalism is the 'identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
Nationalism may refer to a state of the mind in respect of socio political phenomenon arising from it's consciousness shared by people (national) of a particular country or territory.
In left-right politics
Many early socialists were also nationalists.
The earliest forms of nationalism had lots of socialist features.
In this period, political thinkers who thought that ethnic groups should not be oppressed by other ethnic groups thought also that 'normal folk', the backbone of society, like workers and peasants, should not be oppressed by higher social classes like rich people.
They also thought that it is wrong for somebody to live in great welfare that is made of the hard work of others, or the oppression of others.
The ideology is that the social classes should work together and have a common goal that aims for the good of everyone.
These goals can be called "national interest".
National interest is ideal and not always easy to find.
There are different ways to reach national interest, for example politics.
Nationalists started to support normal people, especially peasants, who were seen as uncorrupted, gallant, and fair, unlike high classes.
For example, normal folks often had more original and local ethnic culture than the high classes, whose culture was seen more rootless.
National Romanticism was based much on the ideal of uncorrupt folk.
Socialism and nationalism grew together.
But they have also been placed in opposition in some theories.
The most known opposition between these ideologies was with the Soviet Union.
The Soviet propaganda made nationalism an insult word that was linked with opposed ideologies like capitalism, liberalism, imperialism or fascism.
Still, even in the Soviet Union and other communist or socialist countries, there was nationalism in great measure (even if it was not called with that name).
The most capitalist countries like United States were patriotic rather than nationalist.
The Nordic countries, which were among the most pure nation-states (countries that follow nationalist principle), were not very capitalist or rightist; they were built on the social democratic idea, which is left.
Only after Nordic countries became more multicultural did their politics become more rightist.
Today nationalism does not have a common stand on those fields of politics that are outside of its basic goals, like left-right politics.
However nationalism can be a part of bigger political ideology or agenda that can be leftist or rightist or something outside that classification.
Nationalism is still usually connected to goals that resist strong hierarchy between social class different people in society.
Nationalist people are usually more or less against the strongest forms of capitalism, which they think gives too much power to rich people and big companies.
Nationalism and imperialism
Nationalism had an important role in ending the colonial rule.
Nationalism spread to colonies and made their people desire independence.
Nationalism also made the people in metropolitan states (countries that colonized others) accept more the desire of other people to rule themselves.
However nationalists think that the end of colonization of Africa was not done well.
They think that there would not be so many conflicts in Africa if African nations had built in a nationalist way (so that every ethnic group is its own nation).
After the imperialists left their African colonies, the new nations were built with borders that were not the same as the ethnic borders.
New nations became nations with many ethnic groups, which do not want to or cannot live peacefully in the same society with the others.
Drought is a continuous period of dry weather, when an area gets less than its normal amount of rain, over months or even years.
Crops and other plants need water to grow, and animals need it to live.
Droughts can become dangerous to people and other land animals; causing famine and even creating deserts.
The word "drought" comes from the Old English drugað, drugoð "drought, dryness, desert," from Proto-Germanic *drugothaz, from Germanic root *dreug- "dry" (cf high/height) with *-itho, Germanic suffix for forming abstract nouns (see -th (2)).
A drought is a natural event, caused by other weather events like El Niño and high-pressure systems.
Drought can also be triggered by deforestation (people cutting down forests), by global warming, and by diverting rivers or emptying lakes.
Drought is a natural disaster which usually takes place slowly.
It is often difficult to decide when a drought started and sometimes when it ends too.
Its effects often build up slowly over a long period of time and may last from months to years after rain resumes.
Many people die every year in famines due to drought in subsistence farming areas.
Conflicts can result from drought conditions.
Deafness is when someone cannot hear at all, or cannot hear well.
Deafness is also known as 'hearing loss'.
There were many famous people who were deaf, such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Helen Keller.
A person is considered to be deaf if they cannot hear the same range of sounds as a person with normal hearing ability.
People that cannot hear any sounds are also deaf.
People who are partially deaf may hear some sounds and may hear words.
And people who cannot hear and speak are called "deaf-mute".
Things that help deaf people
Hearing aid, which helps a deaf person to hear sounds.
Teletypewriter (TTY), a machine that allows a deaf person to communicate with people.
Sign language, a language which allows a deaf person to have a conversation with someone else.
Hearing dog, a dog that has been trained to hear sounds and help a deaf person.
Age: Many people hear less well as they get older.
Few lose all hearing, and when they do, there is a specific reason.
Exposure to noise: Being in a noisy environment for a long time may damage ears and cause hearing loss.
Genetic conditions: There may be a history of deafness in the family.
If the mother and/or father are deaf, their child will have a strong chance of being deaf.
Diseases: Certain diseases may cause deafness.
Drugs: Certain drugs may cause changes to hearing, including deafness.
Chemicals: Certain chemicals can damage the ear.
Natural: People are occasionally born deaf.
Sometimes there is no explanation why they are deaf.
Categories of deafness
Medical view: the effects of deafness and measuring type and how much of loss (as seen in categories below).
Sign language in deaf culture: includes people who use sign language to communicate and are part of group of people who share life experiences.
Referring to people of the cultural group the phrase "Deaf people" is used and deaf is capitalized (as shown previously).
A person using the medical view would write "people who are deaf".
Unilateral hearing loss – loss of hearing in one ear only
Pre-lingual deafness – deafness at birth or deafness that started before language is learned
Peri-lingual deafness – deafness that started while learning a first language
Post-lingual deafness – deafness that started after a language has been learned
Partial loss of hearing – limited hearing loss
Progressive hearing loss – hearing loss that becomes worse as time passes
Profound hearing loss – complete or near-complete hearing loss
Tone deaf – not able to hear differences in relative pitch (in music)
Tinnitus – hearing damage that causes high pitched ringing.
This makes it so that the person cannot hear other sounds
Conductive – hearing loss caused by sound being blocked from going into ears
Sensorineural – hearing loss caused by hair cells in ears being damaged
sl:Slušna prizadetost#Okvara sluha
The Liver birds are two large and famous bronze metal birds on top of a building - the Liver Building - in the city of Liverpool, England.
The building has the offices of an insurance organization.
The birds are symbol of the city, although no birds really look like this.
The sound of the end of the word "liver" in the name of the bird is like "driver" not "river".
The start of the word Liverpool ("liver") sounds like the word "river".
This is a funny play on words.
There is also a British television sitcom with the same name that is about two young women who share a flat in Liverpool.
The play on words is increased by a second British slang meaning of the word "bird" to mean young woman.
Many people in Liverpool (known as Liverpudlians) are proud of their city and of the Liver birds.
There is a story that the birds will come alive if a truly pure woman walks between them.
This will never happen!
This is an example of the humor of the local people.
A demonstration can mean an event where people do something to let others know what they think and to try to change their point of view.
It is one kind of protest.
Examples of demonstrations include marches, where people walk together, and rallies, where people gather in one place.
During a demonstration, the people who are part of it, called demonstrators, may display placards or other symbols that are easy to see, especially when the protests are being shown on mass media such as news, television, or social networks.
Demonstrations are often made against a government if they do something the people do not want.
Because they are meant for many people to be a part of, they are usually considered more successful if more people take part.
Demonstration is permitted by international human rights law as the freedom of assembly if done peacefully (meaning there is no violence).
However, demonstrations can get out of control and even turn into a riot.
Another meaning
A demonstration can also mean when someone shows how to do something, or in what ways a thing can be used.
Salespeople often demonstrate things like computers, cars, and televisions to customers so they can make sure the customer sees all the features of the item. "
Demo" is short for demonstration, and people often use it to describe this meaning of the word.
The Chartists were people who wanted to get more rights for working class people in the mid-19th century.
They were called Chartists because they wrote their main aims down in the People's Charter of 1838.
The-six-points from CHARTIST ANCESTORS
Punch Series on "Great Chartest Demonstrations"
Illustrated London News, April 15th, 1848
Spartacus index on Chartism
19th century in the United Kingdom
A movie theater or movie theatre, is a place where movies are shown on a big screen.
People or "patrons" (the audience) watch movies, usually in chairs inside an auditorium.
The movie is projected with a movie projector onto a large projection screen at the front of the auditorium while the dialogue, sounds and music are played through a number of wall-mounted speakers.
A movie theatre is sometimes called a cinema.
A theatre with multiple screens commonly is called a "multi-plex" or "mega-plex" (if more than 10 screens).
Movie theatres have comfortable chairs.
There are different types of formats of a movie theatre.
The first movie theatre was opened to the public on April 23, 1896, in Koster and Bial's Music Hall on 34th Street in New York City.
The oldest movie theatre in the world, which is still in action today is the Kino Pionier (opened 1907) in Szczecin, Poland.
Movie theatres make money from not only movie tickets but from concessions which sell food and drinks (popcorn, candy, soft drinks, etc.).
In recent years with the increase of movie rental costs, theatres have become more and more creative about how they make money.
New theatres being built include restaurants, party rooms, conference rooms, arcades and more.
April 5 – Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War.
June 3 – Louis XIV of France crowned at Rheims
June 6 – Charles X succeeds his cousin Christina to the Swedish throne.
After her abdication on June 5, Christina now the former reigning queen of a Protestant nation, secretly converts to Catholicism.
September 3 – In the Rump Parliament, the republican party questions Cromwell's pre-eminence
September 12 – Oliver Cromwell orders the exclusion of the members of Parliament who are hostile to him.
October 12 – Carel Fabritius, the most promising student of Rembrandt, dies aged 32 in an explosion at the arsenal at Delft.
The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100.
October 31 – Ferdinand Maria, elector of Bavaria is crowned.
His absolutistic style of leadership becomes a benchmark for the rest of Germany
November 23 – French mathematician, scientist, and religious philosopher Blaise Pascal experiences an intense mystical vision that marks him for life.
Death of An Calbhach mac Aodha O Conchobhair Donn, last inaugurated King of Connacht (inaugurated 1643
Twenty-three Jewish refugees from Brazil settle in New Amsterdam, forming the nucleus of what would be the largest urban Jewish community in history, the Jewish community of New York City.
The Ukrainian Bogdan Chmielnicki renounces Ukrainian independence and swears allegiance to Tsar Alexis of Russia
The Russian Army seizes Smolensk, and war starts between Russia and Poland over Ukraine
Otto von Guericke proves the existence of atmospheric pressure
The KLF were a band from England.
They made music from the late 1980s until the early 1990s.
A lot of the music they made was pop music or dance music.
The band members were two men, Bill Drummond and Jimmy Cauty.
Bill Drummond is a musician, singer, and writer from Scotland.
Jimmy Cauty is a musician and artist from England.
Sometimes they used the names The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu, The JAMs and The Timelords as their band name, instead.
The KLF adopted the philosophy based on the series of the esoteric novels The Illuminatus!
Trilogy.
English hip hop bands
A monounsaturated fat is a kind of fat found in foods such as nuts, olives, and avocados.
They are the main fat in olive oil.
The group contrasts with, on the one hand, unsaturated fats.
and on the other hand, polyunsaturated fats.
In general, these fats are considered to be healthier than others.
They have the same amount of energy, but they reduce blood cholesterol levels.
This reduces the risk to the heart.
Omega 7 fatty acids
Palmitoleic acid
Vaccenic acid
Rumenic acid
Paullinic acid
Omega 9 fatty acids
Oleic acid
Elaidic acid
Mead acid
Erucic acid
Polyunsaturated fats are fats that are usually found in items like fatty fish, nuts, and vegetable oils.
Such items are typically found to be liquid at room temperature.
Polyunsaturated fats are long-chain organic compounds.
Their molecules has more than one double bonds.
The structure reduces the strength of the forces between molecules.
This causes the items to have a lower melting point.
This is why the items are usually liquid at room temperature.
Omega 3 fatty acids
Alpha linolenic acid
Docosahexanoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Omega 6 fatty acids
Linoleic acid
Arachidonic Acid
Gamma linoleic acid
Conjugated linoleic acid
1979 comedy movies
Candleshoe is a 1977 Walt Disney Productions live action movie.
It stars Jodie Foster as Casey Brown, Helen Hayes as Lady St. Edmund (in her last screen appearance), David Niven as Priory (as well as Colonel Dennis and Mr. Gipping), and Leo McKern as Harry Bundage.
Candleshoe is loosely based on the Michael Innes novel Christmas at Candleshoe.
Hikaru Utada (宇多田ヒカル Utada Hikaru, born January 19, 1983 in New York City), is a Japanese and American singer and songwriter.
Because she was born in the United States, she can speak English perfectly.
She is the only child of the 1970s Enka singer Keiko Fuji.
Her first Japanese album, First Love, was very popular.
It sold more copies than any other Japanese singer ever.
She is also known in the west for singing the theme songs for Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II: Simple and Clean and Sanctuary.
When Hikaru was little, she did not want to become a singer.
She saw how busy her parents' lives were, and did not want that for herself.
When she was 10 years-old, her parents asked her if she wanted to write songs.
She did not want to, but tried doing it.
She wrote a song called I'll Be Stronger.
During this time, Hikaru went to school in New York.
Her classmates were not able to say her name right (Hee-ka-roo) so she shortened it to 'Hikki'. '
Hikki' became Hikaru's nickname.
Her fans in Japan call her that.
The name is not promoted very much in the United States because it sounds too much like 'hickey'.
In 1996, Hikaru started to record an album, when she was only 13 years old.
It was in English.
The album was in the R&B style.
It was written all by herself.
The album was going to be released on the EMI's record company, but since the company fell apart, it was never sold in the United States.
A man called Akira Miyake from Japan heard the album, and wanted to release it there.
Hikaru agreed, and the album was released in Japan in 1998.
Rise to fame
The album sold okay, but it was not until later when Hikaru started to sing Japanese songs that she became famous.
Her music still sounded very R&B, but at this point, it sounded more like pop.
Her first single, Automatic / Time Will Tell, reached #2 on the single charts in Japan.
A while later, after another single, she released her first Japanese album, First Love.
This sold a very large amount (over 9 million copies) and became the most sold album by a Japanese singer.
Hikaru went on to release two more albums: Distance (2001), and Deep River (2002).
In each album, her style changed slightly.
Each album was less R&B, and more pop.
In 2004, she released an album made up of all her old single songs.
She then released an album in English called Exodus.
Exodus was released under the record label Island Def-Jam.
It was sold in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
She sang, wrote, and made the music for the whole album herself (except for when she got hip-hop producer Timbaland to help her).
The album sold many copies in Japan, but it did not sell that well in the United States.
However, many famous people and music critics thought that the album was good (for example, Elton John thought it was interesting).
Hikaru has started to make new Japanese music again, but continued on making all the music herself.
Usually, a singer/songwriter will only write the music and the lyrics, but Hikaru decided she wanted to arrange her songs all by herself as well.
She released her new album, Ultra Blue, in mid-2006.
Soon after, she went on a tour all across Japan.
This is the second time she had ever done this (despite having sung for eight years).
Precious (1998)
First Love (1999)
Distance (2001)
Deep River (2002)
Exodus (2004)
Ultra Blue (2006)
Heart Station (2008)
This Is The One (2009)
2 (2010)
Hikki's Website  — Official Japanese Website
Japanese singers
Japanese songwriters
The Scramble for Africa, also called the Race for Africa was a time in History when there was a large amount of colonial expansion in Africa.
It lasted from the 1880s until the start of World War I. Many European countries started colonies in Africa during this time.
This is an example of New Imperialism.
The last half of the 19th century saw a change in the way countries controlled their colonies.
They changed from economic control through mass settlement, to political and military control of the colony's resources This was seen in the fight for the areas that were controlled by European nations.
Many people became famous for helping European countries find more land in Africa, These people included the explorers David Livingston, Henry Morton Stanley, and Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza as well as the French politician Jules Ferry.
The Berlin Conference (1884 - 1885) tried to end disputes between the United Kingdom, the French Third Republic, the German Empire, and other European countries.
They agreed that "effective occupation" would be the rule for colonial claims.
Laws were made for using direct rule on a colony, backed up by military power.
Other reading
Maria Petringa, Brazza, A Life for Africa  (2006)
19th century in Africa
20th century in Africa
Leipzig becomes a city.
England starts to take over Ireland.
Emperor Takakura of Japan
Genghis Khan, leader and founder of the Mongol Empire
Eric IX of Sweden
Emperor Qinzong of China
Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury
Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury (1138–1161)
Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (1162–1170)
Seaweed is a term used for several kinds of algae that live in the ocean.
Red algae, Green algae and Brown algae are commonly considered to be seaweed.
Seaweed gets its energy from photosynthesis just as plants do.
Two specific environmental requirements are important in seaweed ecology.
These are the presence of seawater (or at least brackish water) and the presence of enough light for photosynthesis.
Another common requirement is a place to attach to.
As a result, seaweeds are commonly found near the shore.
Within that area, they are found more often on rocky shores than on sand or shingle.
Seaweeds occupy a wide range of ecological niches.
The highest elevation is only wetted by the tops of sea spray, the lowest is several meters deep.
In some areas, seaweeds near the shore can extend several miles out to sea.
The limit to how much they grow in such cases is based on how much sunlight there is.
The deepest living seaweeds are the various kelps.
A number of species such as Sargassum have adapted to a fully planktonic niche and are free-floating, depending on gas-filled sacs to stay afloat.
Others have adapted to live in tidal rock pools.
In this niche seaweeds must withstand rapidly changing temperature and salinity (amount of salt) and even occasional drying.
Seaweed has different uses.
Sometimes it is farmed or foraged from the wild.
People living on the coast often eat seaweed, especially those in East Asia, such as Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
It is also used in Belize, Peru, the Canadian Maritimes, Scandinavia, Ireland, Wales, Philippines, and Scotland.
Tiwi, Albay residents discovered a new pancit or noodles made from seaweed.
These have health benefits.
Seaweed is rich in calcium and magnesium and seaweed noodles can be cooked into pancit canton, pancit luglug, spaghetti or carbonara.
In Asia, Zicai (紫菜) (in China), gim (in Korea) and nori (in Japan) are sheets of dried Porphyra used in soups or to wrap sushi.
Chondrus crispus (commonly known as Irish moss or carrageenan moss) is another red alga used in producing various food additives, along with Kappaphycus and various gigartinoid seaweeds.
Porphyra is a red alga used in Wales to make laver.
Laverbread, made from oats and the laver, is a popular dish there.
Affectionately called "Dulce" in northern Belize, seaweeds are mixed with milk, nutmeg, cinnamon, and vanilla to make a common beverage.
Seaweeds are also harvested or cultivated for the extraction of alginate, agar and carrageenan, gelatinous substances collectively known as hydrocolloids or phycocolloids.
Hydrocolloids have attained commercial significance as food additives.
The food industry exploits their gelling, water-retention, emulsifying and other physical properties.
Agar is used in foods such as confectionery, meat and poultry products, desserts and beverages and moulded foods.
Carrageenan is used in salad dressings and sauces, dietetic foods, and as a preservative in meat and fish products, dairy items and baked goods.
Seaweed extract is used in some diet pills.
Other seaweed pills exploit the same effect as gastric banding, expanding in the stomach to make the body feel more full.
Seaweed is currently under consideration as a potential source of bioethanol.
Seaweed is an ingredient in some toothpaste, cosmetics and paints.
A fairy tale is an English language expression for a kind of short story.
It has the same meaning as the French expression  or , the German word , the Italian , the Polish , the Russian  or the Swedish .
These stories are not all directly about fairies, but they are different from legends and traditions (which usually say that the stories are true) and directly moral stories.
There are usually fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants or gnomes in fairy tales, and usually magic.
Fairy tales can also mean unusual happiness (for example, the expression "fairy tale ending", meaning a happy ending, even though not all fairy tales have a happy ending).
Also, "fairy tale" can simply mean any unbelievable story.
Where demons and witches are seen as real, fairy tales can sometimes be similar to legends, where the story is claimed to be historically true.
However, differently from legends and epics, they usually do not specifically mention religion and actual places, people, and events.
They also do not say exactly when it happened.
Instead, they say that the story happened "once upon a time".
Fairy tales are found in oral form (passed on from mouth to mouth) and in literary form (written down).
Fairy tales' histories are hard to find.
This is because only written fairy tales can be passed on for a long time.
Still, literary works show that there have been fairy tales for thousands of years.
Many fairy tales today have are based on very old stories that have appeared, though in different ways, in many different cultures around the world.
Fairy tales, and works based on from fairy tales, are still written today.
At first, fairy tales were for both adults and children, but now children are mostly connected with fairy tales.
Examples of traditional old fairy tales are Sleeping Beauty, Little Red Riding Hood and "The Three Little Pigs".
There can also be new fairy tales written by an author, like The Little Mermaid or Pinocchio.
New fairy tales were for example written by Hans Christian Andersen, James Thurber and Oscar Wilde.
People do not agree what a fairy tale exactly is.
Some argue that a story with fairies or other magical beings in the story would make it a fairy tale.
However, others have suggested that the expression began when the French expression conte de fées was being translated (it was first used by Madame D'Aulnoy in 1697).
Vladimir Propp criticized the difference between "fairy tales" and "animal tales" in his book Morphology of the Folktale.
He said that many stories had both fantastic qualities and animals.
He suggested that fairy tales could be recognized by their story, but this has been criticized, because the same stories can be found in stories that are not fairy tales.
In fact, people such as Stith Thompson point out that there are often more talking animals and magic in fairy tales than fairies.
However, just because there is a talking animal in a story does not mean that the story is a fairy tale.
Steven Swann Jones said that fairy tales were different from other sorts of folktales because of magic.
Davidson and Chaudri say that "transformation (changing)" is the most important part of a fairy tale.
Some like to use the German expression Märchen or "wonder tale" instead of fairy tale.
For example, in his 1977 edition of The Folktale, Thompson said that fairy tales were "a tale of some length involving a succession of motifs or episodes.
It moves in an unreal world without definite locality or definite creatures and is filled with the marvelous.
In this never-never land, humble heroes kill adversaries (enemies), succeed to kingdoms and marry princesses."
The characters and motifs of fairy tales are simple: princesses and girls taking care of geese; youngest sons and brave princes; ogres, giants, dragons, and trolls; wicked stepmothers and false heroes; fairy godmothers and other magic helpers, often talking horses, or foxes, or birds; rules, and people breaking rules.
Fairy tales were passed down by speaking of it from person to person before writing was developed.
Stories were told or acted out dramatically.
Because of this, the history of fairy tales is not very clear.
The oldest written fairy tales we know are from ancient Egypt, around 1300 BC.
There are sometimes fairy tales in written literature in different cultures, such as The Golden Ass, which includes Cupid and Psyche (Roman, 100–200 AD).
They show that fairy tales were told from very long ago.
Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson: The Types of the Folktale: A Classification and Bibliography (Helsinki, 1961)
Thompson, Stith, The Folktale.
Heidi Anne Heiner, "The Quest for the Earliest Fairy Tales: Searching for the Earliest Versions of European Fairy Tales with Commentary on English Translations"
Heidi Anne Heiner, "Fairy Tale Timeline"
oc:Conte
A game show is a reality television program where people play a game for points, with the goal of winning money or prizes.
Different game shows use different games.
Most test the players' knowledge, skill, or cleverness.
Many game shows incorporate some element of chance; for example, in Wheel of Fortune, contestants spin a wheel to determine how much prize money they will get for a correct letter.
Some game shows have the contestants compete against other individual contestants; other game shows group contestants into teams.
Some game shows have regular people as the contestants.
Other game shows have celebrities such as movie actors or musicians as the contestants.
Game shows often reward people with money, holidays, or cars.
These prizes are often given by the people or group of people that give the game show money to run.
The people who give the game show money to run are called sponsors.
Press Your Luck (1983-1986)
Jeopardy! (
Wheel of Fortune (1973)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (
Match Game (1962-1982)
Family Feud (1976)
The Price is Right (1972)
The Weakest Link (2000)
Deal or No Deal (2005)
Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? (
For the game genre, check List of video game genres.
Some genres (styles) are used in more than one form of art or communication.
For example, the genres fantasy and science fiction are used in literature, movies, and television.
Examples of genres
General: comedy, romance, mystery, science fiction
Literary (written): fiction, non-fiction, young adult
Movie genres: action movie, documentary, film noir
Musical: rock and roll, hip hop, pop punk
Comedy: black comedy, slapstick, commedia dell'arte
Subgenre
A subgenre is a subordinate within a genre.
Two stories being the same genre can still sometimes differ in subgenre.
For example, if a fantasy story has darker and more frightening elements of fantasy, it would belong in the subgenre of dark fantasy; whereas another fantasy story that features magic swords and wizards would belong to the subgenre of sword and sorcery.
Renee Kristen "Kristy" Swanson (born December 19, 1969) is an American actress.
She is best known for playing the main character in the movie Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
She has also starred in the movie Flowers in the Attic as well as many movies and television programs.
Octopus  is a genus of cephalopod mollusc in the order Octopoda.
The genus is quite typical of most octopods.
They have two, large eyes and eight limbs with suckers.
They have a hard beak, with the mouth at the center point of the arms.
Octopods have no internal or external skeleton, allowing them to squeeze through tight places.
Many stay in cracks between rocks or corals when they are not hunting.
They are intelligent predators with a taste for crabs.
Octopods inhabit many regions of the ocean, especially coral reefs.
For defense against predators, they hide, flee quickly, expel ink, or use colour-changing camouflage.
They live rather short lives.
An octopus trails its eight arms behind it as it swims.
All octopods are venomous, but only the small blue-ringed octopus is known to be deadly to humans.
There are about 300 octopod species, of which more than 100 are in the genus Octopus.
Octopods make up over one-third of the total number of living cephalopods.
The term 'octopus' may be used to refer to those in the genus Octopus.
The term 'octopod' is correct for members of the order Octopoda in general.
Unlike most other cephalopods, most octopods have only soft body with no internal skeleton.
They have no protective outer shell like the nautilus, which is another type of cephalopod.
Octopod eyes are complex.
In fact, they do not have a blind spot.
A blind spot is a special place in the eyes that is not able to sense light.
So, when we look somewhere, part of what is there is not actually perceived (the brain 'fills in' so we do not notice).
However, an octopus does not have this problem.
The lens in octopod are movable.
It moves back and forth to focus.
This is the way a camera focuses.
When a camera focuses on an object to take a picture, the lens moves back and forth until the image that the camera sees is in the right focus.
Some octopuses can use their chromatophores for more than camouflage.
If they are not blending in with their surroundings, they can signal their feelings using colour.
When they are relaxed, for example, they are a dull, grayish brown or orange-tinged colour.
When they become angry, they can become red.
If they feel scared, they may turn white.
Octopods are highly intelligent, probably more so than any other invertebrate.