the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Convicted, he got seven years for attempting to sell stolen horses and forging horse ownership papers at Yass.
31 December 1859, conditional he stayed in the Carcoar District.
At Carcoar, he worked for a butcher.
Two months later, he absconded to new gold diggings at Kiandra and calling himself Frank Gardiner opened a butcher’s shop selling carcasses of stolen cattle.
His true identity was soon realized and warrants issued.
He was arrested in May 1861, but skipped bail at Lambing Flat (now Young).
He teamed up with Canadian immigrant John Gilbert and reverted to full-time crime.
In December 1860, convict Peisley gained his Ticket of Leave at Scone, conditional upon him remaining in the Hunter River Valley.
On 23 March 1861, fifty miles north-east of Bathurst, between Louisa Creek and Tambaroora, with fellow Cockatoo Hand named McKenzie, he robbed travelling bank officer Richard Cox Shaw carrying £565 in notes, also some gold and silver coins.
Earlier bushrangers were mostly transported convicts; colony-born Peisley became the first true Wild Colonial Boy.
The robbers split and Peisley absconded to the Abercrombie Ranges he knew well.
In May, at Fish River in Fogg’s ironbark slab humpy, six miles from Bigga, Peisley and Frank Clark reunited and teamed with John Gilbert as highway robbers, ‘sticking up’ travellers in the area between Bathurst, Lambing Flat, Gundagai and Yass.
On 16 July morning, Sergeant John Middleton and Trooper William Hosie stationed at Tuena, descended upon Fogg’s humpy occupied by Fogg, his wife and children, Frank Clark armed with a six-shot revolver handgun, and Jim Barney, an old man.
Unknown to the troopers, Peisley and Gilbert were camped one mile away.
Called to surrender, Clark shot Middleton three times, in the hand, mouth and hip, and Trooper William Hosie received a glancing ball to his forehead.
Clark was also wounded.
They wrestled before Clark gave up and was manacled.
Barney took off to warn Peisley and Gilbert.
Middleton left for Bigga to get help and reinforcements.
Circumstances of Hosie leaving for Bigga were disputed.
Fogg claimed Hosie accepted fifty sovereigns to release Clark and to say he escaped.
Hosie averred at Fogg’s trial for obstructing police, while he and Fogg escorted the prisoner along the road to Bigga, Clark escaped when bushrangers Peisley and another (Gilbert) waylaid them.
Trooper Hosie reached Bigga alone mid-afternoon.
Weak and delirious from loss of blood, Sergeant Middleton arrived at nightfall.
Both would later recover.
Reports of Crime issued July and August 1861 declared £120 rewards, £20 for Clark’s apprehension, and £50 for Peisley’s, and further sum of £50 by Government for such information as shall lead to the conviction of those concerned in the outrage of attacking and wounding the Patrol with Firearms in the Bathurst District.
The report disclosed:
"On the 16th July, Sergeant Middleton and Trooper Hosie, of the Western Patrol, were attacked and severely wounded at the Fish River, by Francis Clarke, alias Jones, alias Christie, a Ticket of Leave holder, illegally at large from his district; a native of Goulbourn, New South Wales, 31 years ... wounded in the affray on left temple by a pistol-ball or whip.
He was captured and afterwards released by two armed men: John Peisley, a Ticket of Leave holder, illegally at large from his district; a native of Bathurst, New South Wales, about 26, 5 feet 8 ½  inches high, ruddy complexion, flaxen hair, bluish-grey eyes, long featured, pock-marked nose, several scars, arms and legs hairy, left eye spasmodic winking action… The other man is about 26 years"
Displeased with ill-fame attributed him, Peisley wrote the editor of the Bathurst Free Press and Mining Journal by letter dated “Fish River, 4th  September, 1861.”
It stated, in part:
"You will no doubt be surprised to receive a note from the (now by all account) noted Piesley; but, Sir, through your valuable paper I must make it known that, if it be my lot to be taken, whether dead or alive, I will never be tried for the rescue of Gardiner, in the light in which it is presented; nor did I ever fire at Trooper Hosie. …
I must be the Invisible Prince to commit one-tenth of what is laid to my charge.
I trust I may never have to allude to this again.
I love my native hills, I love freedom and detest cruelty to man or beast.
Trusting you will publish this, my bold letter no doubt, but you can be assured it comes from the real John Piesley, and not any of his many representatives.
I am, Mr. Editor, your much harassed writer, JOHN PIESLEY"
In the next months Clark, then more often called Gardiner, Peisley and Gilbert bushranged and retreated to the Weddin Mountains near Forbes and Cowra.
Peisley separated from the gang and single-handed held up the Lambing Flat coach after it left Cowra.
He then returned to Abercrombie District.
On 27 December 1861, Peisley went to Tom McGuinness’s inn at Bigga and left the next day with fellow drinker James Wilson, stocked with wine and brandy.
They rode to a nearby farm owned by William and Stephen Benyon and continued drinking and arguing with the two brothers.
He accused, 17 years earlier, when he was a kid, William had swapped a horse with him, which was no good.
A fight erupted and Wilson took Peisley’s revolvers, which William’s wife Martha hid in the garden.
At her husband’s insistence, she returned the revolvers.
Peisley pursued Stephen Benyon to the barn followed by William Benyon.
Both brothers were shot by Peisley; Stephen in the arm and William in the throat; witnessed by Martha Benyon, Wilson, farmhand George Harmer, servant girl Mary Samson and Thomas Weavers.
Doctor Henry Kowland attended William Benyon the following day, and found a bullet had passed through his windpipe and lodged in the spine, paralyzing him from the neck down.
He could not remove the bullet and considered the case hopeless from the start.
He attended him again on 31 December, three days before he died.
Capture and demise
A warrant issued for Peisley’s arrest for the murder of Benyon and reward for information as would lead to his apprehension  and conviction.
An announcement in the Government Gazette of January 1862, after the murder of Benyon, based on Report of Crime dated 29 July 1861, described Peisley:
"About 28 years of age, about 5 ft 10 in.
high, stout, well made, fresh complexion, very small light whiskers, quite bald on top of head and forehead, several recent marks on face, and a mark from a blow of a spade on top of head; puffed and dissipated-looking from hard drinking, invariable wears fashionable Napoleon boots, dark cloth breeches, dark vest buttoned up the front, large albert gold guard, cabbage-tree hat and duck coat.
Sometimes wears a dark wig and always carries a brace of revolvers."
On 15 January, Constables Morris, Murphy and Simpson were searching the Abercrombie area for bushrangers and spoke with Peisley near Bigga.
Police gave chase but Peisley’s superior horse enabled him to escape easily.
He was identified and challenged by Corporal Carroll at Tarcutta on 29 January, and again escaped on his well-bred mount.
One week later, after a struggle, Peisley was captured and secured near Bootes’s hotel, Mundarlo by Mr Mackenzie and Mr Beveridge of Wantabadgerie, who delivered him to Gundagai.
At his committal before the Carcoar bench, Peisley called Thomas Weavers, but he corroborated the prosecution witnesses.
Committed for trail, Peisley handcuffed and chained, was taken from Carcoar to Bathurst by a large posse of armed police.
He was tried and convicted in the Bathurst Court on 14 March 1862, for the murder of William Benyon and sentenced to death.
He was hanged on 25 April 1862, in the Bathurst Gaol before about fifty people.
Aboriginal Jackey Bullfrog was hanged at the same time for murdering William Clarke.
At the gallows, Peisley pleaded he had a drunken fight, and death was Benyon’s fault as much as his.
He averred he had he had nothing to do with Gardiner’s rescue, was nowhere near Fogg’s when he got away, and nothing to do with any attempt bribe Hosie.
His last words were “Goodbye gentlemen, and God bless you.”
Clark using the name Christie was captured at Appis Creek, Queensland in March 1864.
He served ten years of a cumulative 32-year sentence for twice wounding Trooper Hosie, with intent to kill and intent to cause harm and two counts of armed robbery.
Before and after Piesley’s hanging, John Gilbert teamed up with Ben Hall.
Bushranging robberies by the end of 1864 were so troublesome that the Parliament of New South Wales rushed through a Bill, An Act to facilitate the taking or apprehending of persons charged with certain felonies and the punishment of those by whom they are harboured.
Within one month of the Act’s passing on 8 April 1865, Police shot them dead, Hall near Forbes on 6 May and Gilbert at Binalong one week later.
Mourners gave them hero status.
Boxall, George History of the Australian Bushrangers, 1935, Halstead Printing Co
White, Charles History of Australian Bushranging Vol.
1, 1981
Clune, Frank Wild Colonial Boys, 1948, reprint 1984
Nunn, Harry Bushrangers A Pictorial History, 1979, reprint 1991
Coupe, Robert Australian Bushrangers, 1998,
La Chapelle-Craonnaise is a commune of 266 people (1999).
La Chapelle-Rainsouin is a commune of 234 people (1999).
Charchigné is a commune of 396 people (1999).
Lagerfeld was born in Hamburg, Germany.
Many people saw him as one of the most influential persons of the late 20th century.
He made fashion for many different labels, for example Chanel, Chloé and Fendi.
He also owned several labels, which he started in the early 1980s.
He also owned labels making perfumes.
He designed clothes for many leading artists.
He had a Birman cat called Choupette.
The cat has its own social media accounts.
Lagerfeld died on 19 February 2019 from pancreatic cancer in Neuilly-sur-Seine at the age of 85.
Lagerfeld wrote Choupette into his will.
Karl Lagerfeld Official Website
Miami Beach USA Article with photos on Karl Lagerfeld and his designs.
Sundance Channel's Signé Chanel site
New Yorker: John Colapinto: In The Now.
Where Karl Lagerfeld Lives Extensive profile (ca.
10 000 words)
Château-Gontier is a former commune of 11,131 people (as of 1999).
Châtelain is a commune of 404 people (1999).
Forbes is a town in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia.
It is on the Newell Highway between Parkes and West Wyalong.
There were about 7000 living in the town in 2001.
Forbes is on the banks of the Lachlan River.
It is 245m above sea-level.
It is about 380km west of Sydney.
The farms in the area mainly grow wheat.
Nearby towns and villages include: Parkes, Bedgerebong, Bundbarrah, Corradgery, Daroobalgie, Eugowra, Ooma North and Paytens Bridge.
It is home to the Ben Hall a notorius Australian bushranger.
The first people to live in the Forbes area were the Australian aborigines, the Wiradjuri people.
The first European was the explorer John Oxley in 1817.
He called the area "Camp Hill".
He did not think very much of the clay soil, poor timber and swamps.
He wrote: "...it is impossible to imagine a worse country".
The first settlers moved into the district in 1834 and started a station (farm) called Bogabigal.
Forbes is built on what was Arthur Rankin's farm called Cunumbla Station.
Gold was found at Forbes by Harry Stephens, also known as "German Harry", in June 1861.
About 30,000 people moved to the goldfields, but by 1863 this had dropped to about 3,500 because mining the gold was too hard.
The diggings were wet with water coming from the Lachlan River.
About two thirds of the buildings were empty.
The goldfields were first called "Black Ridge".
The town was named "Forbes" after Sir Francis Forbes.
It is possible that the name was a mistake.
The name Forbes should have been given to Hill End, New South Wales near Mudgee.
Gold was found there at the same time.
Gold at Forbes was first found in the area known as Halpin's Flat.
The Albion Hotel, once a Cobb and Co. stage coach rest stop, has tunnels underneath it.
These were used to take gold and money to and from the banks and stop it from being stolen.
Farming became important after the gold mining ended.
Forbes became an important stopping place on the main track for moving cattle from Queensland to Victoria.
One of Australia's most famous bushrangers, Ben Hall, was shot dead by police about 20km northwest of town on May 5, 1865.
Hall and his gang were famous for stealing 77kg of gold and £3,700 from a stage coach near the town of Eugowra in 1862.
Kate Kelly, the sister of bushranger Ned Kelly, lived in Forbes.
She was drowned in the Lachlan River in 1898.
She is buried in Forbes Cemetery.
The railway reached Forbes in 1893.
Passenger trains stopped going to Forbes in 1983.
Forbes Shire has 4 government primary schools: Forbes Primary School, Forbes North Primary School, Corinella Public School and Bedgerebong Public School.
There is one private primary school, St Laurences Primary School.
Forbes High School, north of Forbes, is a government school and in 2005 had about 550 students.
Red Bend Catholic College at Forbes is a high school for boys and girls.
It is on the site of the old Marist Brothers' College, on the banks of the Lachlan River.
Red Bend has around 550 students attending in 2008.
Justice Carolyn Simpson - a Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales; Member of the first all-female bench to sit in an Australian court
Description of town and its buildings
Châtillon-sur-Colmont is a French commune.
Châtres-la-Forêt is a former French commune.
On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Évron.
Chemazé is a commune of 1019 people (1999).
Chémeré-le-Roi is a commune of 383 people (1999).
Chérancé is a commune of 166 people (1999).
Chevaigné-du-Maine is a commune of 206 people (1999).
Colombiers-du-Plessis is a commune of 514 people (1999).
Commer is a commune of 1091 people (1999).
Congrier is a commune of 1036 people (1999).
Contest is a commune of 765 people (1999).
Cosmes is a commune of 273 people (1999).
Cossé-en-Champagne is a commune.
It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
About 300 people live there (as of 1999).
This town has had a church since the 11th century.
It is known for its frescoes.
Cossé-le-Vivien is a commune of 2706 people (1999).
Coudray is a commune of 839 people (2007).
Couesmes-Vaucé is a commune of 383 people (1999).
Couptrain is a commune of 160 people (1999).
Courbeveille is a commune of 488 people (1999).
Courcité is a commune of 992 people (1999).
Craon is a commune of 4,659 people (1999).
Crennes-sur-Fraubée is a commune.
It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in northwest France.
178 people lived there in 1999.
La Croixille is a commune of 547 people (1999).
La Cropte is a commune of 239 people (1999).
Cuillé is a commune of 849 people (1999).
Daon is a commune of 440 people (1999).
Denazé is a commune of 148 people (1999).
Désertines is a commune of 539 people (1999).
Deux-Évailles is a former commune of 152 people (1999).
On 1 January 2019, the commune was unified with Montsûrs-Saint-Céneré, Montourtier and Saint-Ouën-des-Vallons, and the new municipality took the name of Montsûrs.
La Dorée is a commune of 396 people (1999).
Entrammes is a commune of 2 108 people (2007).
The people that live there are called Entrammais.
Its name comes from the Gallo-Roman Inter Amnes, that means "between the waters": in fact three rivers flow into its territory: the Mayenne, which gives its name to the department, the Jouanne, at the entrance of the village and the Ouette.
Roman-Gaul Baths
Rosendahl, Germany, since 1970
Épineux-le-Seguin is a former commune of 172 people (1999).
Ernée is a commune of 5,793 people (2006).
Évron is a commune of 7 575 people (2006).
On 1 January 2019, the former communes of Châtres-la-Forêt and Saint-Christophe-du-Luat were merged into Évron.
Fontaine-Couverte is a commune of 388 people (1999).
Forcé is a commune of 1017 people (2007).
Fougerolles-du-Plessis is a commune of 1566 people (1999).
Fromentières is a commune of 674 people (1999).
It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department.
This is in the northwest of France.
Gastines is a French commune.
Le Genest-Saint-Isle is a commune of 2075 people (2007).
Gennes-sur-Glaize is a former commune of 790 people (1999).
On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Gennes-Longuefuye.
Gesnes is a commune of 174 people (1999).
Gesvres is a commune of 543 people (1999).
Gorron is a commune of 2894 people (1999).
Louis Pierre Althusser (Pronunciation: altuˡseʁ) (October 16, 1918 – October 22, 1990) was a Marxist philosopher.
He was born in Algeria and studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris.
Then, he became Professor of Philosophy there.
He also was a teacher of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida.
Althusser was a lifelong member of the French Communist Party.
Sometimes he criticised the party strongly.
His arguments and theses were set against the threats that he saw attacking the theoretical foundations of Marxism.
These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory, and humanist and reformist socialist orientations which could be seen as divisions in the European Communist Parties, as well as the problem of the 'cult of personality' and of ideology itself.
|2001-02||rowspan="3"|Stoke City||Second Division||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2002-03||rowspan="2"|First Division||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2003-04||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
|2003-04||Oldham Athletic||Second Division||15||1||0||0||0||0||15||1
|2004-05||Torquay United||League One||5||0||0||0||1||0||6||0
|2004-05||Stoke City||League Championship||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|2004-05||rowspan="2"|Oldham Athletic||rowspan="2"|League One||9||0||0||0||0||0||9||0
|2005-06||17||0||3||0||1||0||21||0
|2006-07||rowspan="3"|Stockport County||rowspan="2"|League Two||39||0||1||0||1||0||41||0
|2007-08||38||0||2||0||2||0||41||0
|2008-09||League One||||||||||||||||
Gheorghe Hagi (born 5 February 1965) is a former Romanian football player.
He has played for the Romanian national team.
|1982/83||Constanţa||Divizia A||18||7
|1983/84||rowspan="4"|Sportul Studenţesc Bucureşti||rowspan="4"|Divizia A||31||2
|1984/85||30||20
|1985/86||31||31
|1986/87||16||5
|1986/87||rowspan="4"|Steaua Bucureşti||rowspan="4"|Divizia A||14||10
|1987/88||31||25
|1988/89||30||31
|1989/90||22||10
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Real Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||29||3
|1991/92||35||12
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Brescia||Serie A||31||5
|1993/94||Serie B||30||9
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||16||4
|1995/96||19||3
|1996/97||rowspan="5"|Galatasaray||rowspan="5"|First League||30||10
|1997/98||30||8
|1998/99||28||14
|1999/00||19||12
|2000/01||25||11
|1983||5||0
|1984||10||1
|1985||10||4
|1986||8||3
|1987||8||2
|1990||11||2
|1991||6||2
|1992||5||4
|1994||11||5
|1996||8||1
|1998||7||1
|1999||4||2
Total||125||35
Galatasaray S.K. (football) managers
Gordon Banks (30 December 1937 – 12 February 2019) was an English footballer.
He has played for England national team.
In October 1972 Banks was involved in a car crash in his car near his home in Madeley Heath.
Fragments of glass perforated his right eye and damaged the retina.
Surgeons put 100 micro stitches to the eye and a further 200 to his face.
This effectively ended his career, though he played on for a while.
In December 2015, it was announced he was receiving treatment for kidney cancer.
Banks died overnight on 12 February 2019 in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, aged 81.
|1957/58||rowspan="2"|Chesterfield||rowspan="2"|Third Division||0||0
|1958/59||23||0
|1959/60||rowspan="8"|Leicester City||rowspan="8"|First Division||32||0
|1960/61||40||0
|1961/62||41||0
|1962/63||38||0
|1963/64||36||0
|1964/65||38||0
|1965/66||32||0
|1966/67||36||0
|1966/67||rowspan="7"|Stoke City||rowspan="7"|First Division||4||0
|1967/68||39||0
|1969/70||38||0
|1970/71||39||0
|1971/72||36||0
|1972/73||8||0
|1977||Fort Lauderdale Strikers||NASL||26||0
|1977/78||St Patrick's Athletic||Premier Division||1||0
|1978||Fort Lauderdale Strikers||NASL||11||0
|1963||7||0
|1964||7||0
|1965||7||0
|1966||15||0
|1967||4||0
|1968||6||0
|1970||10||0
|1971||7||0
|1972||4||0
Total||73||0
Sportspeople from Sheffield
Carlos Sastre Candil (born 22 April 1975 in Leganés, Madrid) is a Spanish cyclist.
He is retired and he won the Tour de France in 2008.
He is a climbing specialist and has been very consistent, finishing consistently in the top 10 of the Vuelta and the Tour de France.
A film made about his team showed that he is a man who loves his family.
The title of the film is 'Overcoming'.
In 2009, his contract expired with CSC.
He found work in two other teams before retiring at the end of 2011.
Sastre is the only winner of the Tour de France from 2000 to 2010 who has not been involved in doping cases.
Ally McBeal is an American TV show that was on air from September 8, 1997, to May 20, 2002, by the Fox Channel.
It is set in a law firm in Boston, Massachusetts.
Ally McBeal is also the name of the main character played by Calista Flockhart.
1990s comedy-drama television series
Legal television series
Office comedy television series
Last of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom.
It ran longer than any other comedy show in the UK and longer than any other sitcom in the world.
It airs on the television channel BBC One.
Roy Clarke writes the show and Alan J. W. Bell produces and directs it.
It started as an episode of the television show Comedy Playhouse and originally aired on 4 January 1973.
The first series of episodes started airing on 12 November 1973.
The show had broadcast its 30th series in 2009  and the 31st and final series was shown in 2010.
Last of the Summer Wine was filmed in and around Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, England.
It features three older men who never get old and act like they are children.
The three originally were Norman Clegg (Peter Sallis), Cyril Blamire (Michael Bates), and Compo Simmonite (Bill Owen).
After two years, Blamire left the show.
In his place, Brian Wilde joined as Foggy Dewhurst.
The current cast is Russ Abbot as Hobbo Hobdyke, Burt Kwouk as Entwistle, and Brian Murphy as Alvin Smedley.
Some think the show is not as good as it used to be.
Many people continue watching it, though, and praise it for portraying older people well and for its family-friendly humour.
Members of the British Royal Family enjoy the show.
The show has been nominated for some awards and won the National Television Award for Most Popular Comedy Programme in 1999.
There have been many holiday specials, two television movies, and a documentary movie about the series.
Last of the Summer Wine has inspired other adaptations, including a television prequel, several novelisations, and a stage adaptation.
Last of the Summer Wine at BBC Comedy
Last of the Summer Wine  at UKTV Drama.
Last of the Summer Wine at phill.co.uk
Last of the Summer Wine at Nostalgia Central.
Last of the Summer Wine tourism
2010s British sitcoms
Television shows set in Yorkshire
Works about old age
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit corporation founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement, a movement which tries to promote the universal freedom to distribute and modify computer software without restriction.
The FSF was started in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States of America.
From its founding (when it started) until the 1990s, FSF's funds were mostly used to employ software developers to write free software for the GNU Project.
Since the mid-1990s, the FSF's employees and volunteers have mostly worked on legal and structural issues for the free software movement and the free software community.
GPL enforcement
The FSF holds the copyrights on many important pieces of the GNU system, such as the GCC.
As a copyright holder, it has the power to enforce the GNU General Public License (GPL) when copyright infringement occurs on that software.
While other copyright holders of other software systems used the GPL as their license, FSF was the only organization to regularly assert its copyright interests on software licensed under the GPL until Harald Welte created gpl-violations.org in 2004.
In late 2001, Bradley M. Kuhn (then Executive Director), with the help of Moglen, David Turner, and Peter T. Brown, turned these efforts into FSF's GPL Compliance Labs.
From 2002-2004, high profile GPL enforcement cases, such as those against Linksys and OpenTV, became frequent.
GPL enforcement and educational campaigns on GPL compliance was a major focus of the FSF's efforts during this period.
SCO lawsuit
In March 2003, SCO filed suit against IBM alleging(saying) that IBM's contributions to some free software, including FSF's GNU, violated SCO's rights.
While FSF was never a party to the lawsuit, FSF was subpoenaed on November 5, 2003.
During 2003 and 2004, FSF put a lot of advocacy effort into responding to the lawsuit and removing its negative impact on the adoption and promotion of free software.
Current and ongoing activities
The GNU project The original purpose of the FSF was to promote the ideals of free software.
The organization created the GNU operating system as an example of this.
GNU licenses The GNU General Public License (GPL) is a popular license for free software projects.
The current version (version 3) was released in June 2007.
The FSF has also published the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), and the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL).
GNU Press The FSF's publishing department, responsible for "publishing affordable books on computer science using freely distributable licenses."
The Free Software Directory  This is a listing of software packages which are free software.
Each package entry contains 47 pieces of information such as the project's homepage, developers and programming language.
Maintaining the Free Software Definition  FSF maintains many of the documents that define the free software movement.
Project Hosting FSF hosts software development projects on their Savannah website.
Campaigns  FSF sponsors a number of campaigns against what it thinks as dangers to software freedom, including software patents, digital rights management (which the FSF has called "digital restrictions management", as part of their effort to highlight their view that such technologies are "designed to take away and limit your rights,") and user interface copyright.
Defective by Design is an FSF campaign against DRM.
They also have a campaign to promote Ogg+Vorbis, a free alternative to proprietary formats like MP3 and AAC.
They sponsor also some free software projects that are deemed to be "high-priority".
Annual awards "Award for the Advancement of Free Software" and "Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit".
High priority projects
The FSF maintains a list of "high priority projects" where the Foundation says that "there is a vital need to draw the free software community's attention".
The FSF says these projects are"important because computer users are continually being seduced into using non-free software, because there is no adequate free replacement."
1999: Linus Torvalds Award for Open Source Computing
2005: Prix Ars Electronica Award of Distinction in the category of "Digital Communities"
Sister organizations
Free Software Foundation Europe, founded in 2001
Free Software Foundation India, founded in 2003
Free Software Foundation Latin America, founded in 2005
Free and open-source software organizations
1980s establishments in Massachusetts
The ITS 90 is the international temperature scale, published in the year 1990.
It mainly is a set of fixed temperatures and instructions how to realise a practical temperature scale, being as close to the thermodynamical temperature scale as current knowledge allows.
The first international temperature scale was established in 1927.
An improved version came in 1948.
In 1968 the IPTS 68 was issued.
Note the letter P, which stands for practical.
In 1975 the very low side of the scale (below 1 Kelvin) was added.
Since 1990 the ITS 90 is in use.
A list of fixed temperatures is given.
This list has been produced by national laboratories from all over the world.
It has been approved by the B.I.P.M. (Bureau Internationale des Poids et Mesure) in Paris.
Temperatures between the fixed points can be measured, using a platinum resistance thermometer (up to 660 °C).
This thermometer, however, has to be calibrated first.
This is being done at a number of fixed temperatures, covering the desired range.
Procedures and formulae for defining an interpolating thermometer are given as well.
Say we need a calibrated thermometer in the range from room temperature to 400 °C.
A triple point of water is to be realised for 0.01 °C.
For 231.928 °C there is the freezing point of tin.
At 419.527 °C it is the freezing point of zinc, which serves the goal.
After having measured the electrical resistance of this thermometer at the given temperatures, the data is being fed into a prescribed formula, giving the deviation coefficients for the range from 0 to 420 °C.
So, from now on we have a thermometer with which we can perform accurate measurements according to the ITS 90.
This type of calibration is called primary calibration.
With the thermometer we just calibrated we can perform a secondary calibration.
Then another thermometer is to be calibrated against ours.
This derived calibration, of course, is a little less accurate, but can take place at any suitable temperature within the range, since our thermometer interpolates between the fixed temperatures.
Nude photography is a style of photography which shows the naked human body as a form of art.
This is different form erotic photography, and pornography which focus on sexual arousal.
Photographing a named person is called portraiture.
Nude photography focuses on showing the human body, and often the face is not visible.
In general, nude photography is a planned image, not a snapshot.
Nude photography wants to show a stylised depiction of the human body.
Photographers sometimes use extremes of light and shadow, oiled skin, and shadows falling across the body to show the texture and structure of the body.
Early photographers often showed the nudity of women like the one we see here by Félix-Jacques Moulin.
Many, like Edward Weston, Jean-Christophe Destailleur,  Augustao de Luca, Ruth Bernhard and Jerry Avenaim, preferred to show the lines of a body as a piece of art.
They used the terms art nude and figurenude from painting  to avoid suggestions that their works were meant to be erotica or pornography.
Laval is a commune and the prefecture of the French department of Mayenne.
The people that live there are called Lavallois.
Boston, United Kingdom, since 1958
Modesto, USA
Chalkidiki, Greece.
Gandia, Spain, since 1978
Garango, Burkina Faso
Laval, Canada
Mettmann, Germany, since 1974
Vătava, Romania, since 1990
Erotic photography is a style of photography, between nude photography and pornography.
Erotic photography  wants to show the more or less naked human body in a sexual context.
It can be difficult to make a difference between erotic photography and pornography - in general erotic photography wants to arouse or stimulate the viewer.
This stimulation is generally not done by explicitly showing people having sex.
Instead, the models in the photographs will try to create a sexual impression.
For example, female models may try to appear alluring.
Male models will try to convey sexual arousal, though not through a full erection.
In general, erotic photography only suggests, and has a higher artistic value than pornography.
Cotton County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 6,614 people lived there.
Its county seat is Walters.
Craig County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 14,950 people lived there.
Creek County is a county that can be found in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, about 67,367 people lived in Creek County.
The county seat of Creek County is Sapulpa.
EasyBCD is a free program developed by the non-profit NeoSmart Technologies used to configure and tweak the new Windows Vista Bootloader.
EasyBCD can be used to set up dual-boots between Windows Vista and previous versions of Windows, along with Linux, BSD, and Mac OS X.
Custer County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
It was named in honor of General George Armstrong Custer.
As of 2000, 26,142 people lived there.
Its county seat is Arapaho.
1891 establishments in Oklahoma Territory
Delaware County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2010, 41,487 people lived there.
Loire-Atlantique is a department in France in the region Pays de la Loire.
Its capital is Nantes which is also the region's capital.
The department gets its name from the river which gos through it (la Loire), and because it borders the Atlantic Ocean.
Loire Atlantique is one of the 83 first departments of France created in 1790.
It used to be called Loire-Inférieure and got its new name in 1957.
The department used to be part of Britanny until 1941 when the Vichy Governement sparated it.
Many people still think it as Britanny's capital and some want to join it back to Britanny again.
Loire-Atlantique essential information in English from FrenchEntrée
In physics, interference is the effect of wave functions.
A single wave can interfere with itself, but this is still an addition of two waves (see Young's slits experiment).
Two waves always interfere, even if the result of the addition is complicated or not remarkable.
Something that happens when two or more waves are in the same space.
Sometimes the peak of one wave joins with the peak of another wave, so the resulting peak is twice as high.
Sometimes the peak of one wave falls into the trough of another wave, and the surface is then flat.
When waves add their effects, it is called positive interference, or constructive interference.
When one wave subtracts from the effects of the other, it is called negative interference, or destructive interference.
If two people pushed on a car in the same direction, they would move the car better than either one alone.
That would be positive interference.
If two people of equal strength pushed the car from opposite directions, then it would not be moved by either of them.
That would be negative interference.
Constructive interference
Constructive interference happens when two or more waves are in the same space and in phase.
When this happens, the waves' amplitudes add together and the total is greater than the amplitude of any of the waves by themselves.
This causes the waves to appear more intense.
At time = 0, one wave top is moving from the left and another wave is moving from the right.
At time = 1, the two wave tops meet in the middle.
Destructive interference
Destructive interference happens when two or more waves are in the same place and out of phase.
When this happens, the waves' amplitudes add together and the total is less than the amplitude of any of the waves by themselves.
This causes the waves to appear less intense.
At time = 0, a wave top is moving in from the left and a wave trough is moving in from the right.
At time = 1, the two waves have met in the middle.
The crest (top) fills in the trough.
Examples of interference
After a rain, one can often see patterns when a little oil floats on top of puddles.
The colors will be in the order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.
Each of these colors of light has its own wavelength, and different parts of the oil have different thicknesses.
Part of the light from the sun bounces off the top surface,  in other words it bounces off the oil.
Part of the sunlight bounces off the top of the water.
The light waves from the oil surface and the light from the water surface meet back in the air, and they interfere.
For any thickness of the oil layer, some of the light waves will add and some will subtract, so the result is that one color of light will be strongest there.
When two highly polished sheets of glass are pressed together, sometimes the distance between the two pieces will change from place to place.
When that happens, the pattern that shows up is called "Newton's rings."
When slide photographs are put between two thin sheets of glass for showing in a slide projector, this kind of pattern is a big problem.
The same problem can show up when two microscope slides are put together.
Physics questions
Here is a diagram of the kind of thing that produces some kinds of light interference.
The distance between the top piece of glass and the bottom piece gets larger near the outside edges.
A simpler setup would be to have two flat pieces of glass in contact along one edge and a narrow angle between their two faces.
If the separation between the top surface of the first piece of glass and the top surface of the second piece of glass is, at some point, such that light beams reflected from each are synchronized or in phase, then the reflected light will be bright, but if the two beams are half a cycle out of phase, then at that point the two beams will cancel each other and what reflected light there is will not be bright.
A meadow is a field vegetated primarily by grass and other non-woody plants.
It may be cut for hay or grazed by livestock such as cattle, sheep or goats.
The Washington Post, "Today, 32,000 seedlings; tomorrow, a meadow"
UK Wild Meadows Website
Irish Wild Meadows Website
Flora locale - information on creating wildflower meadows
Meadow Planting
A Year in a Meadow (Ottawa Canada)
Grow a Back Yard Meadow (Ottawa Canada)
Dewey County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 4,743 people lived there.
Its county seat is Taloga.
Ellis County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 4,075 people lived there.
Its county seat is Arnett.
Garfield County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 57,813 people lived there.
Its county seat is Enid.
Garvin County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 27,210 people lived there.
Its county seat is Pauls Valley.
Grady County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2006, 50,490 people lived there.
The Battle of Honey Springs was an American Civil War battle and fought on July 17, 1863.
It was an important victory for Union forces in their efforts to gain control of the Indian Territory.
The battle was also unique in the fact that white soldiers were the minority in both forces.
The Confederate commander in the Indian Territory at this time was Douglas H. Cooper.
He wanted to capture Fort Gibson, the main Union fort in the territory.
If the Confederates captured the fort, they could control the territory.
Cooper had to wait along the Elk Creek, near Honey Springs.
Cooper had several regiments from Texas in his army.
There were several Indian regiments with the Confederates.
Cooper needed reinforcements from Arkansas before he attacked the fort.
The Union commander in the terriroty was James G. Blunt.
He found out about the Confederates's plans.
He decided to attack first.
His army had regiments from Kansas, Wisconsin, and Colorado.
There were also regiments of Indians in the Union army.
The battle started near dawn on July 17.
The two armies started fighting north of Elk Creek.
The Confederates slowly retreated back to the creek.
The Union and Confederate soldiers fought along the creek for several hours.
The Confederates started retreating when the center of their line was attacked by the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry.
Cooper had to burn many of his supplies at Honey Springs to prevent Blunt from capturing them.
The Confederates lost 627 casualties.
The Union army lost 75 casualties.
Comtois, Pierre. "
Frontier Battle of Honey Springs", in America's Civil War, November 1997.
Manning, Michael J. "They Fought Like Veterans: The Civil War in Indian Territory April 1861 – September 1, 1863", in Blue & Gray Magazine, Vol.
XXVIII, issue 3.
Ryan, David M. "The All–American Battle", in Civil War Times, February 2004.
Honey Springs
1863 in the United States
July 1863 events
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was formed in 1824 to deal with Native Americans inside the United States.
The BIA manages land and natural resources for Native Americans.
It is responsible for the U.S. government's relationship with Native American tribes.
Sometimes, it helps with infrastructure and law enforcement.
In the past, the BIA operated schools on Indian reservations.
Now, the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) provides money for schools.
Some of the schools are operated by the BIE and others are operated by the tribes themselves.
As Cruel as School Children is the 3rd studio album by rap group Gym Class Heroes.
It was released in July of 2006.
The album contains some songs from their previous album The Papercut Chronicles.
Clothes Off!! (
featuring Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy)
Cupid's Chokehold / Breakfast in America (featring Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy)
New Friends Request
Shoot Down the Stars
Boys in Bands: Interlude
All songs written by Gym Class Heroes
1st Period: "The Queen and I" – 3:15
2nd Period: "Shoot Down the Stars" – 3:38
3rd Period: "New Friend Request" – 4:14
4th Period: "Clothes Off!!" (
featuring Patrick Stump from Fall Out Boy) – 3:55
Lunch: "Sloppy Love Jingle, Pt.
1" – 1:52
6th Period: "Viva la White Girl" – 3:53
7th Period: "7 Weeks" (featuring William Beckett) – 3:51
8th Period: "It's OK, but Just This Once!" –
Study Hall: "Sloppy Love Jingle, Pt.
2" – 1:01
10th Period: "Biters Block" – 3:48
Yearbook Club: "Boys In Bands Interlude" – 0:59
12th Period: "Scandalous Scholastics" – 4:17
13th Period: "On My Own Time (Write On!)" –
Intramurals: "Cupid's Chokehold" (featuring Patrick Stump from Fall Out Boy) – 3:58
Detention: "Sloppy Love Jingle Part 3" – 2:15
Limited Edition Bonus Disc
Stress Remix)" (featuring Ghostface Killah & Tyga) – 4:32
"Viva La White Girl (Remix)" (featuring Lil Wayne) – 4:46
"Machine and I (The Queen and I Remix)" (featuring Keith Buckley of Every Time I Die) – 4:22
"New Friend Request (Papoose Remix)" (featuring Papoose) – 4:15
A cattle drive is the process of moving a herd of cattle from one place to another, usually moved and herded by cowboys on horses.
The drives usually took a long time, perhaps six months or more.
The drives went up from Texas to Kansas.
The Oklahoma Senate is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma, the lower house being the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
The total number of Senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution.
State upper houses in the United States
The Oklahoma House of Representatives is the lower house and larger body of the two houses of the Oklahoma Legislature, the other being the Oklahoma Senate.
State lower houses in the United States
Grant County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 5,144 people lived there.
Greer County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 6,061 people lived there.
1890s establishments in Oklahoma Territory
Harmon County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 3,283 people lived there.
1900s establishments in Oklahoma
Harper County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 3,562 people lived there.
Haskell County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 11,792 people lived there.
Its county seat is Stigler.
Hughes County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 14,154 people lived there.
Its county seat is Holdenville.
Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 28,439 people lived there.
Its county seat is Altus.
Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 6,818 people lived there.
Johnston County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 10,513 people lived there.
Its county seat is Tishomingo.
Kay County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 48,080 people lived there.
Its county seat is Newkirk.
Kingfisher County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 13,926 people lived there.
Kiowa County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 10,227 people lived there.
Latimer County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 10,692 people lived there.
Its county seat is Wilburton.
Le Flore County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2010, 50,384 people lived there.
Its county seat is Poteau.
Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
34,274 people lived there at the 2010 census.
Its county seat is Chandler.
Logan County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
At the 2000 census, 33,924 people lived there.
Love County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2010, 9,423 people lived there.
Major County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 7,545 people lived there.
Flobots are an alternative rock/alternative hip hop band from Denver, Colorado.
They are famous for their hit single "Handlebars".
GDebi is a computer program that can install .deb packages.
It is available with a graphical interface, but also has a command line option.
Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 13,184 people lived there.
Its county seat is Madill.
McClain County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
At the 2000 census, 27,740 people lived there.
Its county seat is Purcell.
McCurtain County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 34,402 people lived there.
McIntosh County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 19,456 people lived there.
Its county seat is Eufaula.
Murray County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 12,623 people lived there.
Its county seat is Sulphur.
Noble County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 11,411 people lived there.
Nowata County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 10,569 people lived there.
Okfuskee County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 11,814 people lived there.
Its county seat is Okemah.
Oklahoma County is a county in the central part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
At the 2000 census, 660,448 people lived there.
Its county seat is Oklahoma City.
Okmulgee County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 39,685 people lived there.
Its county seat is Okmulgee.
Osage County is the largest county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 44,437 people lived there.
Its county seat is Pawhuska.
Ottawa County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 33,194 people lived there.
Pawnee County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 16,612 people lived there.
Payne County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
At the 2000 census, 68,190 people lived there.
Its county seat is Stillwater.
Pittsburg County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 43,953 people lived there.
Its county seat is McAlester.
It's the hometown to the Pittsburgh players who won 6 times in the Super Bowl.
Pontotoc County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 35,143 people lived there.
Pottawatomie County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
65,521 people lived there at the 2000 census.
Its county seat is Shawnee.
Pushmataha County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 11,667 people lived there.
Roger Mills County is a county found in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, the population is 3,436.
The county seat of Roger Mills County is Cheyenne.
Seminole County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
24,894 people lived there at the 2000 census.
Sequoyah County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 38,972 people lived there.
Its county seat is Sallisaw.
Stephens County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 43,182 people lived there.
Its county seat is Duncan.
Texas County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 20,107 people lived there.
Its county seat is Guymon.
Tillman County is a county that can be found in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, the population is 9,287.
Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
It is, in area, the third smallest county in Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 48,996 people lived there.
Its county seat is Bartlesville.
Washita County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 11,508 people lived there.
Its county seat is New Cordell.
It was formerly in Cloud Chief, Oklahoma.
Woods County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 9,089 people lived there.
Woodward County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of 2000, 18,486 people lived there.
Its county seat is Woodward.
The Football League Third Division was the 3rd division in English football.
Its first season was the 1920–21.
It would be brought back for the 1958-59 season.