the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Object (National Register of Historic Places), a classification used by the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
(As a verb, pronounced: ob-JECT): to make an objection, to say that one disagrees with something.
Object (computer science), a language mechanism for binding data with methods that operate on that data
Object-oriented programming (OOP), an object is an instance of a class
Object file, the output of a compiler or other translator program (also known as "object code")
Object (Information Processing), an information source for an Information Processor
HTML object tag
"Object", a song by The Cure from their 1979 album Three Imaginary Boys
Objects from the 2006 television series The Lost Room
The International Standard Book Number, ISBN, is a unique commercial book identifier barcode.
The ISBN system was created in the United Kingdom, in 1966, by the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith.
Originally, it was the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code and still was used in 1974; it was adopted as the international standard ISO 2108 in 1970.
A similar, numeric identification, the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), identifies periodical publications such as magazines.
Since January 1, 2007, ISBNs are of 13 digits, like in Bookland EAN-13.
The TC 46/SC 9 is responsible for the standard.
An ISBN is given to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a book.
The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned after January 1, 2007, and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007.
An International Standard Book Number consists of 4 or 5 parts:
for a 13 digit ISBN, a GS1 prefix: 978 or 979
the group identifier code, (group of countries sharing a language)
the publisher code,
the item number, and
a checksum character or check digit.
The group identifier code (GIC) number is 0 or 1 for English-speaking countries; 2 for French-speaking countries; 3 for German-speaking countries; 4 for Japanese; 5 for Russian, et cetera.
The original standard book number (SBN) had no group identifier, but affixing a zero (0) as prefix to a 9-digit SBN creates a valid 10-digit ISBN.
The group identifier may be up to 5 digits long; e.g. 99936 is a group identifier for the country Bhutan.
The national ISBN agency assigns the publisher number (cf.
the category: ISBN agencies); the publisher selects the item number.
Generally, a book publisher is not required to assign an ISBN, nor for a book to display its number (except in China; see below), however, most book stores only handle ISBN bearing merchandise.
A listing of all the 628,000 assigned publisher codes is published, and can be ordered in book form, but, as of 2007, it costs US$300.
The web site of the international ISBN agency does not offer any free method of looking up publisher codes.
Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN)
CODEN (serial publication identifier currently used by libraries; replaced by the ISSN for new works)
European Article Number (EAN)
International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN)
International Standard Music Number (ISMN)
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
International Standard Musical Work Code (ISWC)
PMID (PubMed ID)
Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI)
ISO 2108:2005 at www.iso.org
Brief Summary of ISBN
How to find a book from Wikibooks
ISBN to European Article Number EAS EBS CONELRAD transition at isbn.org
Description of the ISBN to EAN upgrade process  at bookweb.org
National and international agencies
International ISBN Agency—coordinates and supervises the worldwide use of the ISBN system.
ISBN Agency Australia —Thorpe-Bowker, a division of R R Bowker LLC
ISBN agency for UK and Republic of Ireland—Nielsen Book
ISBN agency for US and Puerto Rico— R.R. Bowker LLC
Numerical List of Group Identifiers  List of language/region prefixes
Online tools
Special:Booksources, Wikipedia's ISBN search page.
www.isbn.org/converterpub.asp Free 10-digit to 13-digit conversion tool from the ISBN agency.
Can also use it to verify ISBNs to see if they are valid.
Assures compliance with the full ISBN spec, not just the check digit.
The ISBN tools website  has open-source Java classes to implement 10- and 13-digit ISBNs.
Publisher access system for Books In Print and Global Books In Print database products
ISBNdb.com—find books by ISBN, author, title, subject, et cetera; auto-corrects ISBN checksums if needed.
ISBN.nu —offers free searching of a titles database.
RFC 3187  Using International Standard Book Numbers as Uniform resource names (URN)
ISBN-13 For Dummies
Implementation guidelines  (pdf document) for the 13 digit ISBN code.
ISO standards
Index (publishing), a detailed list, usually arranged alphabetically, of the specific information in a publication
Index cards in a rolodex or old card catalog, early and mid 20th century technologies for maintaining such lists
Index (mathematics), for various meanings of the word in mathematics
Index (economics), a single number calculated from an array of prices and quantities.
Index, Washington, a town in Snohomish County, Washington, United States.
Index (typography), a largely obsolete punctuation mark
Index Librorum Prohibitorum, a list of publications which the Catholic Church censored
Germany's List of Media Harmful to Young People, colloquially known as The Index, published by the Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien
Index Magazine, was a prominent New York City based publication for art and culture.
Truman State University Index, the weekly newspaper distributed at Truman State University and throughout the Kirksville, Missouri community.
The Index, the student newspaper of Kalamazoo College, published since 1877.
The Index (journal), a European propaganda journal created by Henry Hotze to support the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
Index (database), a feature in a computerized database which allows quick access to the rows in a table
Index (information technology), in computer science, either an integer which identifies an array element, or a data structure which enables fast lookup
Index (search engine), for supporting information retrieval in search engines
Webserver directory index, a default or index web page in a directory on a web server, such as index.html
Subject indexing, describing the content of a document by keywords
The Index, an item on the Halo (megastructure) in the Halo series of video games.
The Index (skyscraper), a tower under construction in Dubai.
Index (retailer), a defunct UK catalogue retailer formerly owned by the Littlewoods group and known as Littlewoods Index
Index finger, The second digit of a human hand is also referred to as the index finger, pointer finger, forefinger, digitus secundus, or digitus II.
Index fund, a collective investment scheme
Indexicality, in linguistics, the variation of meaning of an utterance according to certain features of the context in which it is uttered
Historical records of events have been made for thousands of years.
Amongst the earliest are cave painting, runic alphabets and ideograms.
Technology continues to provide and expand means for human beings to record their thoughts, feelings and experiences.
Sound recording
RecordingWiki offers you more information about recording.
The town, and municipality, was named after Pedro Santana, a general of the Independence wars and first president of the Dominican Republic.
He was born in Hincha, now a Haitian city ("Hinche") near the border.
The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 3,917: 2,120 men and 1,797 women.
The old small town of Los Cercadillos was elevated, with the present name, to the category of municipal district of Bánica on 16 September 1942 and to the category of municipality by the Law 3208 of 3 March 1952.
Pedro Santana has an area of  and is at  to the north of Bánica and at  to the north of Comendador.
1952 establishments in the Dominican Republic
It interprets the information from visible light to build a representation of the world surrounding the body.
The visual system has the complex task of (re)constructing a three dimensional world from a two dimensional projection of that world.
The psychological manifestation of visual information is known as visual perception.
This article mostly describes the visual system of mammals, although other "higher" animals have similar visual systems.
In this case, the visual system consists of:
The eye, especially the retina
The optic nerve
The optic chiasma
The optic tract
The lateral geniculate nucleus
The optic tectum (superior colliculus)
The optic radiation
The visual cortex
The visual association cortex
Different species are able to see different parts of the light spectrum; for example, bees can see into the ultraviolet, while pit vipers can accurately target prey with their infrared imaging sensors.<ref>	     AB Safer and MS Grace (2004),   "Infrared imaging in vipers: differential responses of crotaline and viperine snakes to paired thermal targets".
Behav Brain Res.
154(1):55-61.
2004 Sep 23.
David H. Hubel 1989.
Eye, Brain and Vision.
New York: Scientific American Library.
David Marr 1982.
Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information.
San Francisco: Freeman.
R.W. Rodiek 1988.
The Primate Retina.
In Comparative Primate Biology.
vol 4 of Neurosciences.
eds H.D. Steklis and J. Erwin.
203–278.
New York: A.R. Liss.
Matthew Schmolesky, The Primary Visual Cortex
Martin J. Tovée 1996.
An introduction to the visual system.
Andreas Vesalius 1543.
De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body)
Torsten Wiesel and David H. Hubel 1963.
The effects of visual deprivation on the morphology and physiology of cell's lateral geniculate body.
Journal of Neurophysiology'' 26, 978-993.
"Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System" - John Moran Eye Center at University of Utah
VisionScience.com - An online resource for researchers in vision science.
Journal of Vision - An online, open access journal of vision science.
Microform is a name given to special photographic films.
Microforms contain reduced images of documents.
Usually, documents stored on microform are reduced about 25 times.
Microform is mainly used for archival purposes.
Microfilm, which comes in reels of film.
Aperture card, This contains additional digital data (as a punch card).
Microfiche, a flat sheet with many pages.
The difference from a digital signal is that also very small fluctuations in the signal are meaningful.
When one speaks of analog one often means an electrical context, however mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.
For example, in sound recording, changes in air pressure (that is to say, sound) strike the diaphragm of a microphone which causes related changes in a voltage or the current in an electric circuit.
The voltage or the current is said to be an "analog" of the sound.
See digital for a discussion of digital vs. analog.
Kinds of Microphones
Sound passes through the air in waves, and as was said above, the microphone turns the sound wave into an electrical wave.
Different kinds of microphones will turn the sound waves into electricity in different ways.
Carbon button - This is the first kind to become commonplace, being used in most 20th century telephones.
Sound waves, by compressing and decompressing a piece of carbon, change the amount of electric current flowing in the wire, thus creating electrical waves.
This kind became rarer late in the century, due in part to lack of high fidelity.
Dynamic - This uses a round plastic or rubber disk connected to a wire coil in order to turn sound into electricity.
The sound wave hits the disk which vibrates as a result.
This vibration moves the coil back and forth near a magnet very quickly in order to create an electrical current.
The dynamic microphone is the exact opposite of a speaker which uses an electrical current to move the coil, which moves the disk.
Then the disk makes sound.
Ribbon - This is similar to a Dynamic microphone.
A thin, small sheet of metal (tin or aluminum usually) hangs between two magnets.
When sound hits the thin piece of metal, the metal vibrates.
That vibration creates an electrical signal in the metal.
Condenser - This uses two small metal plates to create an electrical current.
Basically two  small metal plates are placed very near to each other and electricity is run through the plates.
This creates an electric field between the two plates.
When sound hits these plates, the plates vibrate.
The vibration makes small changes in the electric field.
These changes create the electrical signal.
Crystal or ceramic microphones use piezoelectricity.
A pop filter (or pop shield) is often used in recording studios.
It is an electronic filter that reduces or eliminates 'popping' sounds caused by fast moving air (such as air from the mouth).
The first microphones were invented as telephone transmitters.
They included liquid and dynamic designs.
Carbon transmitters were later used in this and other applications.
Loudspeaker — The inverse of a dynamic microphone
Info, Pictures and Soundbytes from vintage microphones
Microphone construction and basic placement advice
History of the Microphone
Microphone sensitivity conversion — dB re 1 V/Pa and transfer factor mV/Pa
Large vs. Small Diaphragms in Omnidirectional Microphones
discrete-time signals that are digitized.
the waveform signals in a digital system.
Discrete-time signals
Digital signals are digital representations of discrete-time signals, which are often produced by changing an analog signal.
An analog signal is a datum that changes over time (for instance the temperature at a given place; the depth of a certain point in a pond; or the amplitude of the voltage at some node in a circuit).
A discrete-time signal is a sampled version of an analog signal: the value of the datum is noted at fixed intervals (for example, every microsecond) rather than continuously.
Waveforms in digital systems
Pneumatics is the use of compressed air for mechanical motion.
It has many uses.
Pneumatic transfer systems are employed in many industries to move powders and devices.
Pneumatic devices are also used where electric motors cannot be used for safety reasons, such as deep in a mine where explosive dust or gases may be present.
Examples of pneumatic tools
Pneumatic drill (jackhammer) used by road workers
Pneumatic nailgun
Pneumatic switches
Air compressors
Vacuum pumps
Barostat systems used in Neurogastroenterology and for researching
Cable Jetting - a way to install cables in ducts
Pneumatic mail systems
Air brakes on buses, trains, and trucks
Comparison to Hydraulics
Pneumatics uses air, which is compressible, while hydraulics uses relatively incompressible liquid media such as oil or water.
Advantages of pneumatics
The working fluid is very light in weight so supply hoses are not heavy.
Because the working fluid is (mostly) just air, there is usually no need for a return line for the working fluid and leaks of the working fluid tend not to be messy.
Because air is compressible, the equipment is less likely to be damaged by shock.
The air in pneumatics absorbs excessive force, whereas the fluid of hydraulics directly transfers force.
Advantages of hydraulics
Higher energy density owing to the much higher working pressures usually employed.
The hydraulic working fluid is basically incompressible, leading to a minimum of spring action.
When hydraulic fluid flow is stopped, the slightest motion of the load releases the pressure on the load; there is no need to "bleed off" pressurised air to release the pressure on the load...
www.pneumatics.be - didactic website - for students - how pneumatics works
U.S. Department of Energy  - Improving Compressed Air System Performance
Fluid Power Educational Foundation  - Advancing and Supporting Hydraulic & Pneumatic Education
Pneumatics Glossary  - Glossary of Pneumatic Terms
It was created in 1640 for Duke Ernest I and ended in 1680 when his lands were divided after his death in 1675.
The area around Gotha passed to Ernest's eldest surviving son, Frederick of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, who also inherited Altenburg (which Ernest had inherited through his wife Elisabeth Sophie) and became Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
Ernest I the Pious (1640 – 75, also Duke of Saxe-Altenburg from 1672)
Divided into Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Römhild, Saxe-Eisenberg, Saxe-Hildburghausen and Saxe-Saalfeld in 1680
When the house of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg became extinct in 1825, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was split.
Saxe-Gotha passed to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld who in turn gave Saalfeld to Saxe-Meiningen.
The Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, and gave Saxe-Hildburghausen to Saxe-Meiningen.
Saxe-Gotha , Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, Columbia University Press (2001 – 05), accessed January 27 2007
1640 establishments
1640s establishments in Europe
Seafloor spreading happens at the bottom of an ocean as tectonic plates move apart.
The seafloor moves and carries continents with it.
At ridges in the middle of oceans, new oceanic crust is created.
The motivating force for seafloor spreading ridges is tectonic plate pull rather than magma pressure, although there is typically significant magma activity at spreading ridges.
At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (and other places), material from the upper mantle rises through the faults between oceanic plates.
It forms new crust as the plates move away from each other.
The new crust then slowly moves away from the ridge.
It is a place of earthquakes and volcanos.
Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in plate tectonics.
At oceanic trenches, seafloor crust slides down and under continental crust.
Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener) of continental drift were that continents 'plowed' through the ocean.
The modern idea is that the ocean floor itself moves and carries the continents with it as it expands from a mid-ocean ridge.
Today, it is accepted.
The phenomenon is caused by convection in the weak upper mantle, or asthenosphere.
As a general rule, fast ridges see spreading rate of more than 9 cm/year.
Intermediate ridges have a spreading rate of 4-9 cm/year while slow spreading ridges have a rate less than 4 cm/year.
A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system.
This consists of mountain chains, with a  rift valley running along its spine, formed by plate tectonics.
A mid-ocean ridge marks the boundary between two tectonic plates which are moving apart.
A mid ocean ridge is made by a divergent boundary.
The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean.
The mid-oceanic ridge system is the longest mountain range in the world.
The continuous mountain range is  long.
It is several times longer than the Andes, the longest continental mountain range.
The total length of the oceanic ridge system is  long.
Mid-ocean ridges are geologically active, with new magma constantly emerging onto the ocean floor and into the crust at and near rifts along the ridge axes.
The crystallized magma forms new crust of basalt and gabbro.
The rocks making up the crust below the sea floor are youngest at the axis of the ridge and age with increasing distance from that axis.
New magma of basalt composition emerges at and near the axis because of decompression melting in the underlying Earth's mantle.
The oceanic crust is made up of rocks much younger than the Earth itself: oceanic crust in the ocean basins is everywhere less than 200 million years old.
The crust is in a constant state of 'renewal' at the ocean ridges.
Moving away from the mid-ocean ridge, ocean depth progressively increases; the greatest depths are in ocean trenches.
As the oceanic crust moves away from the ridge axis, the peridotite in the underlying mantle cools and becomes more rigid.
Slow spreading ridges like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge have large, wide rift valleys, sometimes as big as 10-20 km wide and very rugged terrain at the ridge crest.
By contrast, fast spreading ridges like the East Pacific Rise are narrow, sharp incisions surrounded by generally flat topography that slopes away from the ridge over many hundreds of miles.
The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 19,344: 9,675 men and 9,669 women.
The city was founded in 1868, and named after Nicolás de Ovando, the "Comendador of Lares" (Comendador was the chief of a military or religious order).
It was founded where there was a military post close to the border with Haiti.
The Taíno name of the region was Duan.
There was several fights between Haitian and Dominican soldiers during the Dominican-Haitian War after 1844.
The most important fight was the La Estrelleta Battle in a savanna near Comendador.
The old military post was made a Cantón (now called Municipal District) of the Azua province in 1907.
The next year, in 1908, it was elevated to the category of municipality of the same province.
Its name was changed to Villa Elías Piña on 29 November 1930.
In 1972, its name was changed back to Comendador..
Comendador is at  to the west of Santo Domingo and    of San Juan de la Maguana.
The limits of the municipality are the municipality of Bánica to the north, the San Juan province to the east, the municipality of El Llano to the south and Haiti to the west.
The average daily temperature in the city is  and the average rainfall for the year is .
Commerce with Haiti is also an important economic activity in the city.
Emily Greene Balch (1867-1961) shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 with John Raleigh Mott (1865-1955).
Both laureates were American.
Chiara Zanni (born July 19, 1978 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian actress and voice actress.
She is known for her role as "Amy" in The N's  television series About a Girl.
Raised in Vancouver, Chiara started her career at the age of 8, when won a talent contest called Search for a Star.
She was cast as the "Pokey Little Puppy" in a cartoon called Little Golden Book Land and has not stopped working since.
Chiara has acted in the feature movies X-Men: X2, 40 Days and 40 Nights, Almost America, In the Land of Women, and Good Luck Chuck.
Her TV appearances include Supernatural, Stargate Atlantis, Edgemont, Trophy Wife, Bye Bye Birdie, First to Die, and Post Mortem.
She has also done voice acting, including roles in Hamtaro, Trollz, My Little Pony, Polly Pockets, Barbie Fairytopia, X-Men Evolution, Sabrina, Bionicle, Inuyasha, and Storm Hawks.
About a Girl (2007) - Amy.
Stargate Atlantis (2006) - Melina.
Supernatural (2006) - Tracy.
Godiva's (2006) - Claire.
Zoids: Fuzors (2003) - Amy.
Night Visions (2002) - Gail.
The Chris Isaak Show (2001) - Cute Girl.
The SoulTaker (2001) - Girl in Clutches.
The Immortal (2001) - Ashara.
Edgemont (2001) - Maggie Buckman.
Cold Squad (1998) - Teenaged girl.
Night Man (1998) - Rebecca.
Breaker High (1997) - Ellen.
Voice-over roles
Storm Hawks (2007) - Piper.
The Barbie Diaries (2006) - Raquelle.
Oban Star-Racers (2006) - Eva/Molly.
Barbie: Mermadia (2006) - Nori.
Barbie: Mariposa(2007)- Mariposa
Emma's Theatre (2007)- Puppet #3
Pollyworld (2006) - Shani.
Trollz (2005) - Ruby Star.
Dragons II: The Metal Ages (2005) - Princess Kyra.
Fairytopia (2005) - Dahlia/Pixie #3.
My Little Pony: A Very Minty Christmas (2005) - Triple Treat.
2 Cool at the Pocket Plaza (2005) - Shani.
Dragons: Fire & Ice (2004) - Princess Kyra.
Inuyasha (2004) - Yura of the Hair, Akago (the infant), Hakudoshi.
Bionicle: The Mask of Light (2003) - Hahli.
Baby Looney Tunes (2002) - Petunia.
X-Men: Evolution (2001) - Jubilee.
What About Mimi (2001) - Mimi Morton.
Infinite Ryvius (1999) - Faina S. Shinozaki.
Mummies Alive!
The Legend Begins (1998) - Additional Voices.
Mummies Alive! (
1997) - Additional Voices.
Boys over Flowers (1996) - Yuriko Asai.
Conan and the Young Warriors (1994) - Additional Voices.
Hurricanes (1993) - Amanda Carey.
My Little Pony Tales (1992) - Bon Bon.
Hamtaro (1990) - Hamtaro.
Camp Candy (1989) - Alex.
Little Golden Book Land (1989) - Pokey Little Puppy.
Good Luck Chuck (2007) - Bride.
I Know What I Saw (2007) - Heather.
Love and Other Dilemas (2006) - Goldy.
Trophy Wife (2006) - Chelsea.
Reefer Madness: The Movie Musical (2005) - Female Dancer.
Secret Central (2004) - Natasha.
Critical Assembly (2003) - India, the pretty activist.
The Stranger Beside Me (2003) - Olivia.
First To Die (2003) - Heather Tibbs.
Shadow Realm (2002) - Gail.
40 Days and 40 Nights (2002) - Nun.
Prozac Nation (2001) - Ruby's rommate.
Almost America (2001) - Alida Zecchi.
Perfect Little Angels (1998) - Kelly, Brad's girl.
Every Mother's Worst Fear (1998) - Sherry.
Bye Bye Birdie (1995) - Helen.
Antoni Lange (1861 or 1863 – March 17, 1929), was a Polish poet, translator and mystic philosopher of the Symbolism and Parnassianism movements.
He was regarded as a "great master of reflective poetry".
He spoke 15 languages.
His pen-names were Antoni Wrzesień and Napierski.
Although Lange was not a particularly famed author, many people call him "a magican of lyrical form" because of his unquestionable mastery in using rare poetic forms and innovation,s which makes him a pioneer of modern collage and even imagism movement.
As a religious thinker Lange was one of the first to make people interested in Indian philosophy and literature in Poland.
His existential reflection of "universal pain" (wszechcierpienie) unites Christian mysticism with traditions of Buddhism.
He was born in 1861 or 1863 into a patriotic Jewish family who were heavily influenced by the messianic ideals of Romantic Polish poets, especially Adam Mickiewicz.
In 1830, his father Henri Lange took part in the November Uprising.
"Lange's own poems did not win him recognition, and the last phase of his life was poisoned by feelings of bitterness".
Eternal solitaries - human souls,
But never from her orbit sways.
Sonety wedyckie (1887)
Pogrzeb Shelleya (1890)
Wenus żebracza (1890)
Ballady pijackie (1895)
Księgi proroków (1895)
Logos (1895)
Poezje (I – 1895; II – 1898)
Pogrobowcom (1901)
Świat (1901)
Fragmenta.
Poezje wybrane (1901)
Pocałunki (1902)
Deuteronomion (1902)
Akteon (1903)
Księgi bogów (1903)
Rozmyślania (1906)
Pierwszy dzień stworzenia (1907)
XXVII sonetów (1914)
Ilia Muromiec (1916)
Trzeci dzień (1925)
Groteski.
Wiersze ironiczne (1927)
Rozmyślania.
Z nowej serii (1928)
Gdziekolwiek jesteś (1931)
Ostatni zbiór poezji (1931)
Novels and short stories
Godzina (1894)
Elfryda: nowele i fantazje(1895)
Zbrodnia (1907)
Dwie bajki (1910)
Czterdzieści cztery (1910)
Stypa (1911)
W czwartym wymiarze (1912)
Miranda (1924)
Nowy Tarzan (1925)
Róża polna (1926)
Michałki (1926)
Atylla (1898)
Wenedzi (1909)
Malczewski (1931)
O sprzeczności sprawy żydowskiej (1890)
Analfabetyzm i walka z ciemnotą w Królestwie Polskim (1892)
O poezji współczesnej (1895)
Studia z literatury francuskiej (1897)
Studia i wrażenia (1900)
Lord Byron (1905)
Rzuty (1905)
Panteon literatury wszechświatowej (1921)
Pochodnie w mroku (1927)
Polish playwrights
Polish translators
The curie (symbol Ci) is a unit of measurement.
It measures  radioactivity.
1 Ci = 3.7×1010 decays per second.
This is roughly the activity of 1 gram of the radium isotope 226Ra.
Radium was studied by the pioneers of radiology, Marie and Pierre Curie so the unit is named after them.
The curie has since been replaced by an SI derived unit, the becquerel (Bq), which is decay per second.
1 Ci = 3.7×1010 Bq or 37 Gigabecquerel (Gbq)
1 Bq = 2.70×10−11 Ci
Marie Curie (1867-1934), a Polish-French chemist, physicist, and two time Nobel Prize winner
Pierre Curie (1859-1906), Marie's husband, French physicist and Nobel Prize winner
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897-1956), Marie and Pierre's daughter, French physicist and Nobel Prize winner
Frédéric Joliot-Curie (1900-1958), Irène's husband, French physicist and Nobel Prize winner
Ève Curie (1904-2007), Marie and Pierre's second daughter, French-American writer and journalist
Curie (unit) (Ci), a unit of radioactivity
Curie point
Curie's law
Curium (Cm), a chemical element
Curie (lunar crater)
Curie Institute (Warsaw)
Curie (Q 87), a French submarine in the First World War
French submarine Curie (P67), a French submarine in the Second World War
CURIE, a syntax for Compact URIs.
A fjord or fiord is a type of gulf.
Fjords are narrow with steep sides, and are created by large masses of snow moving over land.
They can be found in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Canada, Germany, and Finland.
In Germany, fiords are called Förde.
Most cities near fiords are sea ports.
Some cities near fjords are listed below:
Lübeck, Germany;
Kiel, Germany;
Flensburg, Germany;
Schleswig, Germany;
Orebro, Denmark;
Vaile, Denmark;
Horsens, Denmark;
Kungsbacka, Sweden;
Nykarleby, Finland;
Tornio, Finland
Sangi, Sweden;
Tore, Sweden;
Hudiksval, Sweden
Hopedale, Canada
The raccoon (Procyon lotor, common raccoon,) is a mammal.
Raccoons are curious, clever, and solitary.
They are originally from North America.
They have spread through Central America, and live in various habitats.
They have escaped in some parts of Eurasia (see map), and now live there as well.
They are omnivorous.
Raccoons are in the family Caniformia, and are related to the mustelids.
The raccoon's most distinctive features are its multi-purpose front paws, its facial 'mask', and its striped tail.
moreover, Raccoons are noted for their intelligence.
Studies show they are able to remember the solution to tasks for up to three years.
Raccoons are usually nocturnal.
Their food is about 40% invertebrates, 33% plant foods, and 27% vertebrates.
Raccoons are omnivores.
They eat mice, squirrels, rabbits, birds, fish, frogs, turtles, lizards, eggs, insects, worms, fruit, berries and nuts.
Their predators include red foxes, wolves, coyotes, bears, eagles, owls, cougars, lynx and bobcats.
Most raccoons live in the wild.
Being around humans does not bother them.
They often nest in empty buildings, garages, sheds, and even the attics of houses.
Raccoons do not hibernate in the winter.
Those that live further north where it is colder, grow thick coats to keep them warm and spend long periods sleeping.
Raccoons that live in captivity can survive up to 20 years.
In the wild, they usually live only 1–3 years.
Two other species of raccoon, the crab-eating raccoon (P. cancrivorus) and the Cozumel Island raccoon (P. pygmaeus), are extremely similar to the common raccoon.
The crab-eating raccoon is quite widespread in eastern South America.
After a gestation period (pregnancy) of about 65 days, two to five young are born in spring.
Newborn raccoons are called "kits".
A raccoon climbed a building in Minnesota.
Raccoons Removal
Eliza Patricia Dushku (born December 30, 1980) is an American television and movie actress.
She has appeared in several Hollywood movies such as True Lies, The New Guy, Bring It On, and Wrong Turn.
She is also well known for her acting on television, such as her role on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel as Faith.
She was also the main character in the series Tru Calling.
Dushku was born in Watertown, Massachusetts.
Dushku's father is Albanian-American and her mother has Danish ancestry.
She was raised a Mormon, the faith of her mother but she is not actively practicing.
She has three older brothers, Aaron, Benjamin (Ben) (born February 5, 1976), and Nathan (Nate) (born June 8, 1977, in Boston, Massachusetts), the last of whom is also an actor and a model.
Her parents divorced when she was still an infant.
Dushku started acting when she was 10.
She was chosen for the lead role of Alice, opposite Juliette Lewis in the movie That Night.
In 1993, Dushku got the role as Pearl in This Boy's Life, alongside Robert De Niro and Leonardo DiCaprio.
The following year, she played the teenage daughter of Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jamie Lee Curtis in True Lies.
She also had parts as Paul Reiser's daughter in Bye Bye, Love, as Cindy Johnson with Halle Berry and Jim Belushi in Race the Sun, as well as roles in a television movie and a short movie.
Dushku took some time off from acting to finish her last two years of high school.
She was accepted to the George Washington University in Washington, DC and Suffolk University in Boston, where her mother was professor of government and had been the dean of the campus in Dakar, Senegal.
Later roles
After high school, Dushku returned to acting with the role of Faith, a Slayer much more troubled than the main character Buffy.
At first, her character was only going to be used for five episodes but became so popular that Joss Whedon decided to use her for more of the story.
She stayed on for the rest of the third season and returned for a two-part appearance in season four.
She was then used as part of the first season of the Buffy spinoff series Angel.
Faith returned as a heroine in several other episodes of Angel and in the last five episodes of Buffy.
In 2000, Dushku starred in Soul Survivors with her Race The Sun co-star Casey Affleck.
She followed that up with the cheerleader comedy Bring It On with Kirsten Dunst.
She was very busy in 2001: shooting The New Guy in Texas and having to travel up to New York where she was working again with actor Robert De Niro and director Michael Caton-Jones in City by the Sea.
She played James Franco's junkie girlfriend and mother of his child.
The same year Kevin Smith asked Dushku to be a part of Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back.
Dushku co-starred with Shannon Elizabeth, Ali Larter, Ben Affleck, and others.
2003 saw the release of Wrong Turn, a horror movie in which Dushku had the starring role, and The Kiss, an independent comedy-drama.
Starting that same year, she also starred in a new Fox TV series, Tru Calling.
She played the main character, Tru Davies, a ex-medical student who must take a job at a local morgue where she finds that she has the power to "re-live" the previous day over again.
She uses this ability to stop wrongful deaths.
Future roles
Variety announced on August 2, 2006 that Dushku would co-star with Macaulay Culkin in Sex and Breakfast, written and directed by Miles Brandman.
The movie will be released in Los Angeles on November 30, 2007 and on DVD on January 22, 2008.
She will also star in Open Graves, a horror-thriller movie about a satanic game.
The movie is expected to be released in 2007.
She will play the main character on a thriller directed by Rob Schmidt who she had worked with before on Wrong Turn, called The Alphabet Killer.
It was announced on October 31, 2007 that Dushku and Joss Whedon agreed to create a new show called Dollhouse.
FOX has already ordered seven episodes and the series is expected to premiere in April.
That Night (1992) - Alice Bloom
This Boy's Life (1993) - Pearl
Fishing With George (1994)
True Lies (1994) - Dana Tasker
Bye Bye Love (1995) - Emma Carlson
Journey (1995, TV) - Cat
Race the Sun (1996) - Cindy Johnson
Bring It On (2000) - Missy Pantone
Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001) - Sissy
Soul Survivors (2001) - Annabel
The New Guy (2002) - Danielle
City by the Sea (2002) - Gina
Wrong Turn (2003) - Jessie Burlingame
Punk'd (2003) - Herself
The Kiss (2003) - Megan
The Last Supper (2006) - Waitress
Yakuza (2006, Video Game) - Yumi Sawamura (voice)
On Broadway (2007) - Lena Wilson
Nobel Son (2007) - Sharon "City" Hall
Open Graves (2007) - Erica
The Alphabet Killer (2007) - Megan Paige
Bottle Shock (2008)
Sex and Breakfast (2008) - Renee
"Untitled Harley Quinn Project " (Announced) - Batgirl
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1998-1999, 2000, 2003 recurring) - Faith Lehane (20 episodes)
Angel (2000, 2003 guest appearances) - Faith Lehane (6 episodes)
King of the Hill (2002) - Jordan (voice) in episode 'Get Your Freak Off'
Tru Calling (2003-2005) - Tru Davies (27 episodes)
Reading Rainbow (2005 guest appearance) - Narrator of episode 'Unique Monique'
That '70s Show (2005 guest appearance) - Sarah
Nurses (2007) - Eve Morrow (Pilot)
Ugly Betty (2007 guest appearance) - unknown
Dollhouse (2008) - Echo
Sandy Wayne Robson (born November 6, 1973 in Peterborough, Ontario) is a Canadian actor.
He is probably best known for hosting the game show Trash to Treasure and his role as "Dude" in The N's television series About a Girl.
A Toronto native, Robson's breakthrough role was in Crazy Canucks, the story of the 1974 World Cup ski champions. (
His background as a giant slalom down hill skier was useful for the film.)
More recently, he has acted in Cow Belles and The Cheetah Girls, and the television series Kevin Hill, Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye, and Instant Star.
Sandy has starred in many theatrical productions, including the one man show Full Committed, in which he played 40 characters.
About a Girl (2007) - Dude.
Trash to Treasure (2003) - Host.
Twice in a Lifetime (1999) - Handler #1.
In a Heartbeat (2000) - Guttman.
Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye (2004) - Justin.
Kevin Hill (2005) - Major Paul Cahan.
Instant Star (2006) - Ken.
Psych (2008) - Logan.
The Impossible Elephant (2001) - Lenny.
Twas the Night (2001) - Harry.
Out of the Ashes (2003) - Leiku's husband.
The Cheetah Girls (2003) - Firefighter.
Crazy Canucks (2004) - Jungle Jim Hunter.
The Winning Season (2004) - Dots Miller.
Cow Belles (2006) - Thomas.
The Lord's Prayer is the best known prayer in the Christian religion.
It is also known as the Our Father (the first two words of the prayer) and Pater noster (which is Latin for "Our Father").
It was not until the Protestant Reformation that it was called the Lord's Prayer.
The prayer is spoken in two places in the New Testament of the Bible (Matthew 6:9-13 and Luke 11:1-4).
Jesus' disciples asked him how they should pray.
Jesus gave an example of how to pray to Father God.
The Bible has been translated into English several times.
Therefore, there are slightly different versions that are used.
The traditional and one of the best-known versions is the translation from the Book of Common Prayer (1662):
For thine is the kingdom,
the power, and the glory,
Our Heavenly Father, may your name be glorified.
May your kingdom come; may your will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us our daily bread today.
And forgive us our offenses, as we forgive those who offend us.
And don't allow us to fall into temptation, but save us from evil.
Because the kingdom, power and glory are yours for ever and ever.
[There are many similar interpretations that could be used here; some Christians are quite particular about the exact vocabulary they use, and some are not.]
The Latin version has been very important in Church history.
It is given below:
sicut in caelo, et in terra.
The best known version of the text is found in Matthew.
Its Greek language original is given below:
Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γεννηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφίεμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
(ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας·)
{ἀμήν.
Many composers have written musical settings of the prayer.
The Lord's Prayer in 1,437 languages and dialects
The Lord's Prayer in great number of languages and dialects with audio and video
The Lord's Prayer in Hebrew (with audio)
Matthew 6:9-13 in the English Standard Version Bible, set to music
The Lord's Prayer: Lord, Teach Us to Pray - Explored and Applied through text and audio readings
The Lord's Prayer by Thomas Watson
Some comments by Church Fathers on parts of the Lord's Prayer
Max Heindel: Rosicrucian view
Jehovah's Witnesses view
An overview of spurious "Aramaic translations" of the Lord's Prayer
In Anglican church music, a Service is a piece of music for the choir to sing during a service of worship.
It uses the words which are a traditional part of the service.
The choir is usually accompanied by the organ, but sometimes it can be just for choir without organ.
For Evening Prayer the words will be the Magnificat and the Nunc Dimittis.
Singers in the choir often call these "Mag and Nunc" for short.
Many composers have set these words.
They make them into a piece for choir which is like an anthem.
In the Tudor and early Stuart periods, services were described as "Short", "Great" or "Verse" services.
Short services were short, the words were only sung once and it was often unaccompanied (no organ).
A Great service was longer: some of the words were often sung many times.
William Byrd wrote a famous Great Service.
A Verse service was also long: there were several verses which need to be sung by a solo choir member.
In between each verse there is some music for the whole choir to sing.
A space station is a artificial satellite in space that people can live at.
All past and current space stations have been in low Earth orbit.
Space stations can dock with other spacecraft.
This allows transferring cargo and people.
At present the International Space Station is the only space station in orbit.
The first space station was Salyut 1.
Prior stations were the seven Salyut stations, Skylab, Mir and the two Tiangong stations.
The Chinese Space Station is planned for the future.
Space stations are used to learn about how being in space for a long time effects the human body.
They also are a place for science experiments and research.
Space stations have been designed for more than one crew.
Each crew member may stay aboard the station for weeks or months, and then is replaced by others.
Some have spent more than one year at a time on a space station.
This includes Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov, Sergei Avdeyev and Valeriy Polyakov aboard Mir.
List of successful stations
The below list is of stations that made it to orbit and had at least one crew visit them.
There have also been a few stations that have failed or were for testing.
Those are not included on this list.
A Van de Graaff generator is an electrostatic machine.
It uses a moving, nonmetallic belt to accumulate very high voltages on a hollow metal globe.
Voltage differences achieved in modern Van de Graaff generators can reach 5 megavolts.
Applications for these high voltage generators include driving X-ray tubes, accelerating electrons to sterilize food and process materials, and accelerating protons for nuclear physics experiments.
The Van de Graaff generator can be thought of as a constant-current source connected in parallel with a capacitor and a very large electrical resistance.
It is named after the American physicist Robert Jemison Van de Graaff, who built the first generators of this style in 1929.
It is important that computers on a network use the same time.
Time servers use an atomic clock, or they ask other computers on the network about the time.
They then tell this time to all the other computers in the same network.
Common protocols to do this are the Daytime Protocol and the Network Time Protocol (NTP).
NTP calls the quality of a time server its stratum.
Stratum can be anything form 0 to 255 and lower is better.
It is rare to see a network with a source worse than stratum 5.
Stratum 0 time sources are the actual clocks that track the time, usually an atomic clock or GPS receiver.
Stratum 1 time sources are what most people mean when they talk about a time server.
They get their timing information from a master clock and send it out to the network.
Stratum 2 time sources are computers that get their clock information from a stratum 1 time server.
They use NTP to talk to each other as well as their stratum 1 servers so they can have the best time information possible.
Laura Prepon (born March 7, 1980) is an American actress.
She is best known for her roles as Donna Pinciotti on the Fox television series That '70s Show and as Hannah Daniels on the ABC television series October Road.
She plays Alex in Orange Is the New Black.
Biography  from the That '70s Show website
Ashley Marie Massaro (May 26, 1979 – May 16, 2019), also known simply as Ashley, was an American pictorial model and professional wrestler.
She is best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) while wrestling on its Raw brand.
She was the winner of the Raw Diva Search 2005 and was on the cover of the April 2007 issue of Playboy Magazine.
She was a contestant on the fifteenth season of Survivor in China, but was the second contestant to be eliminated.
Massaro was found dead at her home on May 16, 2019 in Long Island, New York at the age of 39.
The cause of death was suicide by hanging.
TheAshleyMassaro.com
Ashley Massaro in Maxim Magazine
Ashley's Survivor: China Profile
Suicides by hanging in the United States
Melina Nava Pérez (born March 9, 1979; ring name Melina) is an American professional wrestler and manager.
She is best known for working for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where she wrestled on its Raw and SmackDown brands.
She was released from her contract with the WWE on August 5, 2011.
Pérez began her career as a model.
In 2000, she decided to become a professional wrestler and began training.
Pérez's pro-wrestling debut was in 2002 on a tour of the independent wrestling scene.
She joined a number of California-based promotions such as the Empire Wrestling Federation (EWF).
Pérez began working in World Wrestling Entertainment's "farm territory" Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) in March 2004 when she was kayfabe brought her in as a way to taunt her ex-boyfriend John Hennigan.
Melina, however, aligned herself with Hennigan, who later changed his ring name to Johnny Nitro.
Soon after, Nitro began teaming with Joey Matthews, later known as Joey Mercury.
On November 10, the trio, now known as MNM, won the OVW Southern Tag Team Championship.
MNM made their debut in WWE on the April 14, 2005 edition of SmackDown!
by interrupting the first ever Carlito's Cabana interview segment.
Rey Mysterio, one half of the WWE Tag Team Champions, was a guest.
Melina insulted Mysterio and had Mercury and Nitro attack him.
This led to MNM's first match the next week on SmackDown!
for the tag team title.
MNM won the match against Mysterio and Eddie Guerrero, giving them their first WWE Tag Team Title reign.
While managing the Tag Team Champions, Melina started wrestling against the other WWE Divas.
She had her first match on June 30 against Michelle McCool.
Her first pay-per-view match – a Bra and Panties match – was at The Great American Bash against Torrie Wilson.
Melina won both matches.
On January 29, 2007, Melina became the number 1 contender for the WWE Women's Championship.
On February 5 Melina lost a title match against Mickie James.
On February 19, Melina won the Women's Championship from James.
On April 24 at a show in Paris, France, Melina lost the Women's Championship in a Triple Threat match to James when James pinned Victoria.
In a rematch on the same night, she pinned James to regain the title and become a two-time WWE Women's Champion.
On May 7 Melina was defeated in a tag team match when she was pinned by Candice Michelle.
Melina lost to Candice in several tag team matches, as well as in non-title bouts over the next few weeks.
At Vengeance, Melina lost the Women's Championship to Candice, and failed to wim the title back at The Great American Bash.
Melina's WWE Alumni profile
better known by her ring name Lita, is an American former World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) wrestler and valet.
While working with WWE from 2000 to 2006, she became one of the most popular female wrestlers in the company's history.
After working for a short time on the independent circuit and in Extreme Championship Wrestling, Dumas began working with the World Wrestling Federation in 1999.
Originally, she was paired with Essa Rios.
She became more well know when she teamed up with Matt and Jeff Hardy as Team Xtreme.
During her career, she won the WWE Women's Championship four times.
Dumas had an off-screen relationship with Matt Hardy.
It ended in 2005 after her affair with Adam Copeland.
WWE used the problems between them as part of a story during 2005 and 2006.
The affair was part of the reason Hardy was fired in 2005, but he was rehired later in the year.
As a result of her personal life, Dumas' character Lita began to be "booed" for the first time by the fans during this time.
After she stopped wrestling in 2006, she became the lead singer of punk rock band The Luchagors.
The band released their self-titled CD, The Luchagors on September 11, 2007.
She will be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2014.
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Sportspeople from Atlanta, Georgia
Mafic is an adjective describing a silicate mineral or igneous rock which is rich in magnesium and iron.
The term is a portmanteau, made up from "magnesium" and "ferric".
Mafic minerals are usually dark in color and have a specific gravity greater than 3.