the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In France : École de l'Air, École nationale de l'aviation civile, École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique de Poitiers and Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace.
In United Kingdom : Cranfield University, University of Bristol and University of Glasgow.
In Germany : Dresden University of Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, RWTH Aachen University, Berlin Institute of Technology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Technical University Munich and University of Stuttgart.
In Italy : Politecnico di Milano, Polytechnic University of Turin, University of Naples Federico II, Sapienza University of Rome and University of Pisa.
In Netherlands : Delft University of Technology.
In Spain : Technical University of Madrid, University of Seville.
In Sweden : Royal Institute of Technology.
In Czech Republic : Czech Technical University in Prague.
In Portugal : Instituto Superior Técnico.
Official webiste
Technical colleges and universities in Europe
Kandahar is the second largest city in Afghanistan.
Alexander the Great visited the town and named it after himself.
Alexander the Great founded Kandahar in the 4th century BC.
He called it "Alexandria Arachosia".
About 500,000 people live there in 2015.
It is in the central-south of Afghanistan.
Kandahar is the capital of Kandahar Province.
It is an important trading centre for sheep, wool, cotton, silk, felt, food grains, fresh and dried fruit, and tobacco.
Kandahar has an international airport.
River Song is a fictional character in the British science-fiction series Doctor Who.
She is played mainly by Alex Kingston.
River Song was first seen in the series as a future companion of the Doctor.
The Doctor is an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS.
River Song is a time traveler herself.
Because of this, her time spent with the Doctor does not happen in the same order his time with her does.
The first time they met (in the series) is his first but her last time.
In later episodes, River is a companion of the Doctor in his eleventh form (Matt Smith).
River Song was created by Doctor Who writer Steven Moffat for the programme's fourth series in 2008.
When moffat took over the job of executive producer from Russell T Davies, he started developing the character's background.
He created adventures  earlier in River's timeline.
Alex Kingston went from being from a guest star to a recurring actor in the series.
Other actresses have also played younger versions of the character.
She has been an infant, a child and a young adult.
When the character was first seen, much about her was mystery.
After the character's first time on the series, Davies said she was as "one of the most important characters" in the story.
He said that she was "vital" to the Doctor's life.
In series six (2011), Moffat's episodes showed more about the character.
Born Melody Pond, River is the daughter of the Eleventh Doctor's companions Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) and Rory Williams (Arthur Darvill).
Kingston had appeared with these characters several times in series five (2010).
Because she was conceived in the TARDIS as it travelled through the space-time vortex, Melody is born with genetic traits and abilities much like to the Doctor's own race, the Time Lords.
River Song first appears in the Doctor Who 2008 series two-episode story "Silence in the Library"/"Forest of the Dead".
This story was written by Steven Moffat.
Here, she meets up with the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant) in the 51st century.
She tells him that she is someone he will come to trust completely.
River, who wears a space suit, carries a diary that looks like the TARDIS.
It is filled with her adventures.
She is a professor of archaeology.
The Doctor learns that he will trust her in the future when she whispers his real name into his ear.
The adventure in the Library is River's last real-life meeting with the Doctor in her chronology.
It is their first meeting in his.
In the second of the two episodes she dies to save the people who were trapped in the Library's database, before the Doctor could do the same.
The Doctor is then able to upload her consciousness into a computer.
This allows her to live on in a virtual world created by the Library computer.
He does this by using a sonic screwdriver that she was given by himself in his future (her past).
After Moffat took over from Davies as executive producer, River Song was in the 2010 series.
At an earlier point in her timeline, in the two-episode story "The Time of Angels"/"Flesh and Stone", River meets the Eleventh Doctor (Matt Smith).
She is more familiar to him and he is more familiar to her.
At this point in her life, River is a doctor.
She is not yet a professor.
She leaves coordinates for the Doctor to find so that he may save her in the 51st century.
With him she goes to learn about the crash of the spaceship Byzantium.
She shows herself to be better at flying the TARDIS than he is.
She tells the Doctor that she is imprisoned in the Stormcage Containment Facility for killing, in her words, "the best man I've ever known."
An even earlier version of River helps the Doctor in series finale "The Pandorica Opens"/"The Big Bang".
After Winston Churchill (Ian McNeice) talks to her while she is in prison, she takes the Doctor to 102 A.D. While River is travelling in the TARDIS on her own, it explodes with her inside.
The Doctor, using an device that belonged River, is able to save her and teleport her out.
She then helps him in closing the cracks in the universe.
After the Doctor removes himself from all of history to close the cracks in the universe, River helps Amy Pond to remember the Doctor.
This brings him back.
She gives Amy her now-blank diary.
At the end of the series finale, The Doctor asks her whether she is married.
She says she is married, and answers yes to a question she pretends think is him asking her to marry him.
She then tells to the Doctor that he will soon learn the truth about her, after which 'everything changes'.
In the first episodes of 2011 series, "The Impossible Astronaut"/"Day of the Moon", River, Rory and Amy (Karen Gillan are contacted by a future version of the Doctor.
They are told to meet in the United States.
This future version of the Doctor is killed by an person in a space suit.
The Doctor's current version is there with them.
In 1969, the present Doctor and company meet a little girl (Sydney Wade) who wears the space suit.
River tells the Doctor it is a life support unit.
The suit has been designed by the hypnotic alien race, Silence.
The girl is later seen regenerating in New York City, 1970.
In "A Good Man Goes to War," it is learned that River is Amy and Rory's daughter Melody.
She was conceived in the TARDIS and has Time Lord DNA.
Baby Melody is kidnaped by Madame Kovarian (Frances Barber) to become a weapon against the Doctor. "
Let's Kill Hitler" shows that Melody was trained by the Silence to kill the Doctor.
After regenerating in New York, Melody became Rory and Amy's childhood friend Mels (Maya Glace-Green) and grew up alongside them.
When adult Mels (Nina Toussaint-White) is shot, she regenerates into her next form (Kingston) and kills the Doctor.
When she learns she will one day become River Song, someone the Doctor trust, Melody chooses to resurrect the Doctor with her energy.
This causes her to lose the ability.
The Doctor learns that she is the person who kills him in his future.
The Doctor gives her a blank TARDIS-shaped diary, and Melody - now River - begins to study archaeology.
At the end of "Closing Time", on the day she receives her doctorate, the Silence and Kovarian recapture River.
They, then, put her in the space suit to kill the Doctor as history showed.
In the series finale "The Wedding of River Song", River stops herself from killing the Doctor.
This created an alternate reality.
The Doctor marries River.
He gets her to return to the normal history by letting her know how he plans to fake his death.
River goes to prison for his murder so no one knows he is not dead.
The series 6 DVD bonus episodes Night and the Doctor shows River in the episodes "First Night" and "Last Night".
The Doctor tries to take River on a date shortly after she is put in prison.
Their time in the TARDIS is interrupted by two future versions of River.
All are wondering about the signs of "another woman" being aboard the TARDIS.. The Doctor is able get rid of the two future Rivers, but not before learning from his future self that one of them is shortly to die in the Library where he first met her.
At the same time as the 2010 series, Alex Kingston played River Song narrating the "Monster Files" on the BBC website.
It is a documentary about Doctor Who monsters.
This series had also (in 2008-9) been narrated by John Barrowman in character as Captain Jack Harkness.
For the role of River Song, they wanted to cast Kate Winslet.
One of Winslet's first acting jobs was in the BBC1 teen drama Dark Season, written by Davies.
The role of River Song went to Alex Kingston instead.
She is known for starring in the popular US drama ER.
On Kingston's casting, Davies said "I bloody love her!"
Kingston had liked Doctor Who as a child.
Kingston, when first cast, did not expect her role to be more than just the two episodes.
She later learned that Moffat had always wanted for Song to come back for more episodes.
Kingston likes getting to play an unusual action hero female role.
Talking about acting with Tennant and Catherine Tate (Donna Noble) in her 2008 episode, Kingston said, "We just clicked.
I've done guest roles on other shows, but rarely have I felt such a warm bond."
About working with Kingston, Catherine Tate said, "I'm a huge ER fan.
When you hold people in awe, it's almost a disappointment when they come in and they're utterly normal.
But Alex isn't disappointing at all.
She's such a lovely person."
David Tennant said, "Alex is terrific.
When she's telling you stories about hanging out with George Clooney, you know she's pretty cool."
When asked about the Doctor Who dialogue, she said, "I'd work with a medical consultant on ER, who'd explain what we were saying, so I'd say it with a purpose and a truth.
On Doctor Who, I've no idea what some of my lines mean!"
Conception and development
The character was first created to help the plot of "Silence in the Library" to make more sense.
Moffat knew that the team of archaeologists would have to trust the Doctor, but the Doctor could not get them to understand how he had gotten into the closed library.
Because of this, Moffat wanted for the Doctor to know one of the archaeologists but he thought that the idea was "dull".
He chose to have one of them know him.
When Kingston returned to the show, Moffat told her some details about her character's back-story.
This was information that Smith, Gillan and Darvill did not learn until later.
Kingston knows her character cannot be killed off because her death was seen in her first episode.
Each episode she is in after that is earlier in her personal history.
An article published in Metro, titled "Doctor Who fans love River Song...", said how good comments from fans on Twitter after the airing of "Day of the Moon" were mainly about Song.
Keith Phipps for The A.V. Club compared the Doctor and River's romantic storyline to The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.
Neela Debnath of The Independent liked Nina Toussaint-White as Mels.
She said she was "every bit as sassy and vivacious as her later incarnation...it was shame that she regenerated so early on because she brought a different energy to the character".
However, Neil McCormick in The Daily Telegraph felt that her being quickly added as Rory and Amy's childhood friend showed that Moffat was making it up as he went along.
River Song on the BBC's Doctor Who Series 5 website
Although he was well known in the scientific world during his life, it was not until after his death that people realized how much he had changed the study of mathematics and physics.
He used complex numbers to study electrical circuits and did a lot of work on electromagnetic wave theory which made it necessary to find new ways of working with differential equations.
He did work on  Maxwell's field equations and vector analysis.
In fact, he was the inventor of Vector Calculus.
Part of the ionosphere is co-named after him: the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
His personality was very eccentric and he is a good example of what many people think of as a mad scientist.
Heaviside was born in Camden Town, London.
His father was a skilled wood engraver.
His uncle, Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875), co-invented the telegraph and made famous experiments in 1837 from Euston Station.
Heaviside was short and he had red-hair.
When he was young he suffered from scarlet fever which made him rather deaf, especially in his later years.
Heaviside studied at Camden House School until he was 16 and continued to study at home until he was 18.
He got a job as telegraph operator and spent some time working in Denmark.
He noticed that operating speeds were 40% faster from England to Denmark than the other way round, and in 1871 he found a fault in the telegraph cable from England to Denmark.
In 1873 he got a copy of the first edition of Maxwell’s book A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism.
He was very influenced by this book and it helped him to produce many mathematical ideas.
At this time he was working in Newcastle.
In 1875 he went back to London to live with his parents.
There he spent a lot of time writing up his discoveries, but no one wanted to publish his papers because they were too difficult to understand.
He analysed alternating currents 15 years before they started to be used commercially.
When his parents moved to Paignton he moved with them.
After their deaths he lived at Newton Abbott and then, from 1908 until death, in Torquay.
Eccentric behaviour
In his old age Heaviside became more and more eccentric.
He was poor, and lived alone in a large house in Torquay that he could not afford to heat properly.
He liked it when friends visited, but many people were put off because he could often be rude.
He could not cook, and a friendly policeman regularly came to the house to bring him food.
Because Heaviside was deaf and could not hear the knock on the door the policeman used to open the letterbox and blow his whistle loudly.
The house and garden was in a terrible mess.
He had lumps of granite in his house for furniture.
He often put the letters W.O.R.M. after his name, just for a joke.
He took to painting his finger nails pink.
On at least one occasion he dyed his hair black and, while it was wet, he wore a teacosy on his head.
When, in 1925, he fell off a ladder and was taken by ambulance to a nursing home, it was the first time he had ever been in a motor vehicle.
He told the ambulance driver that he had enjoyed the ride.
He died at the nursing home in Torquay a month later and was buried in Paignton.
Heaviside was like Sir Isaac Newton in that he worked alone and did not always publish the whole of his experiments.
He wrote a lot of ideas in his notebooks, but he did not think these ideas were ready for publication, yet they turned out to be very important.
For example, he suggested that there was an atmospheric conducting layer many kilometers above the earth’s surface which could be used for sending long-distance radio-waves around the curvature of the earth.
In 1923 it was indeed discovered that there were complex, ionized layers (called the ‘‘ionosphere”).
The Kennelly-Heaviside layer was later named after him.
By 1950, 25 years after his death, there were more than 50 stations worldwide experimenting with radio communication in the upper atmosphere.
Heaviside made studies on how to transmit speech clearly in telephone communication.
He studied reflection in telephone circuits (these produced disturbing echoes).
From 1886 he spent most of his time on the propagation of electromagnetic waves through space which had been developed by Hertz and on the motion of atoms which had been discovered by J.J. Thomson.
Heaviside was not interested in receiving honours.
Indeed, he never made any money from his discoveries and often found it difficult to pay the bills.
He was probably very pleased to be made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1891.
He was awarded a £120 a year Civil List pension by the government.
In 1908 he was elected an Honorary Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and in 1918 Honorary Membership of the Americal Institute of Electrical Engineers.
In 1921 he was the first person to be honoured with the Faraday Medal.
Searle G.F.C. 1987.
Oliver Heaviside, the man.
Born in Danville, Illinois, Platt received a B.A. from the University of Illinois in 1914 and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1916.
He was in private practice in Danville, Illinois from 1916 to 1917.
He was in the United States Army during World War I, from 1917 to 1918.
After the war, he returned to private practice in Danville until 1933, also working as a city attorney for Danville from 1927 to 1928.
He was a judge on the Fifth Circuit Court of Illinois from 1933 to 1949.
On September 15, 1949, President Harry S Truman nominated Platt to be a judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois.
Platt was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 12, 1949, and received his commission on October 13, 1949.
He served as chief judge from 1956 until his death in 1965.
The University of Chicago Law School named the Casper Platt Award for the best student paper in his honor.
Danville Area Community College also named a scholarship after him.
Rock en español is a Spanish language version of rock music.
In English-speaking countries, people call Spanish rock "Rock en español", while in Spanish-speaking countries they call rock music "rock".
Rock en español has music from the Caribbean such as ska, reggae and soca.
Rock music began in 1956 when Gloria Ríos recorded "El relojito".
Chicano rock are rock music sung by Mexican Americans, their version has R&B influences.
Argentine rock is a type of rock music sung in Argentina.
Locally, the Argentine's call their form of rock music "Rock Nacional".
Argentine rock music has the tango and Argentine folk music.
Argentine rock music began in the mid-1960s, after Richie Valens recorded "La Bamba", which became a popular folk song.
Armenian rock is a type of rock music sung by Armenian people.
In the Soviet era,rock music was forbidden because the CPSU believed it was a "Western anti-socialist" influence.
However, in the 1980s popular rock bands in Armenia began to emerge.
The Armenians blended folk music with their rock music.
After Bolshevism, progressive rock music began to be popular among Armenian people.
Since 2004, the Armenian Music Awards honors musicians who record rock music.
A beat is the basic unit of music .
Beats can help measure tempos and are performed in grooves and rhythmic music.
They measure the pulse and rhythm of a musical piece.
They are usually divided into two kinds: stressed and unstressed beats.
Stressed beats are the 'strong' beats and unstressed are the 'weak' beats.
Time signatures and tempos are created by moving the beats into particular orders.
On-beat and off-beat
In music that is played in 4|4 time, (counted as "1 2 3 4, 1 2 3 4..."), the first beat of the bar (downbeat) is usually the strongest stressed in the melody and the likeliest place for a chord change.
The third is the next strongest: these are the on beats.
The second and fourth are weaker: these are the off-beats.
So "off-beat" is a musical term in syncopation that emphasizes the weak even beats of a bar, as opposed to the usual on-beat.
This is a basic beat in African polyrhythm that was transferred over into popular western music.
According to Grove Music, the "Offbeat is [often] where the downbeat is replaced by a rest or is carried over from the preceding bar".
The downbeat (the first beat of a measure in music) can never be the off-beat because it is the strongest beat in 4/4 time.
Certain genres tend to emphasize the off-beat; especially rock and roll and Ska music.
was a  after Ninju and before Ten'an.
This period started in November 854 and ended in February 857.
Events of the Saikō era
21 April 854 (Saikō 1, 13th day of the 6th month): Minamoto no Tokiwa, also known as Minamoto no Tsune, died at age 43.
He was a son of Emperor Saga and he was one of the editors of the Nihon kōki.
855 (Saikō 2, 1st month): An Emishi uprising in the north was met with military force.
Donations were collected to pay for making another head for the Daibutsu.
854 establishments
857 disestablishments
is an ancient history of Japan written in 843.
This work is the third of the Rikkokushi ("Six National Histories").
It was written after the Nihon Shoki and the Shoku Nihongi.
Nihon Kōki is a primary historical source of information about Japan's Nara period and Heian period.
The work covers the 135-year period from the beginning of Emperor Mommu's reign in 697 until the 9th year of Emperor Juna's reign in 832.
The text is an account of twelve imperial reigns.
Waseda University Library, Nihon Kōki manuscript
Orientation (mental), a function of the mind
Orientation (movie), a 1996 short movie produced by the Church of Scientology
Orientation of churches is the custom of having the front of churches on their east side (Latin: oriens)
Orientation (housing), the position of a building with respect to the sun, a concept in building design
Student orientation, the first week of a university year in several countries
Coin orientation and Medallic orientation, a description of the orientation of opposite faces of a coin with respect to one another
Sexual orientation, the direction of an individual's sexuality relative to the sex of the persons the individual finds sexually attractive
Map orientation, the relationship between directions on a map and compass directions
Orientation (EP), a 2001 album by Sonata Arctica
Page orientation, whether the long or short side of a rectangular page is the bottom for normal viewing
"Orientation" (Lost), a 2005 episode of American television series Lost
Orientación, an episode of the American television series Prison Break
"Orientation" (Heroes), a 2009 episode of American television series Heroes
Orientation (computer vision), an image processing concept related to one-dimensional characterization of a local image
Orientation (geometry), placement of an object in a rotational coordinate system with respect to a fixed point and a reference position
Orientation (vector space), a concept in linear algebra
Curve orientation, a property of a planar simple closed curve
Orientability, a property of surfaces in Euclidean space measuring whether or not it is possible to make a consistent choice of surface normal vector at every point
Orientation character, group homomorphism in surgery theory
Orientability, a concept in topology
Orientation tensor, a tool in geology/earth science
Orienteering, a sport involving map orientation
Orientation and mobility
Apollo 1, initially designated AS-204, was the first crewed mission of the United States Apollo program, which had as its ultimate goal a crewed lunar landing.
The low Earth orbital test of the Apollo Command/Service Module never made its target launch date of February 21, 1967.
A cabin fire during a launch rehearsal test on January 27 at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station Launch Complex 34 killed all three crew members—Command Pilot Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Ed White, and Pilot Roger B. Chaffee—and destroyed the Command Module (CM).
The name Apollo 1, chosen by the crew, was officially retired by NASA in commemoration of them on April 24, 1967.
In 1959, NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) began working on projects where people could fly into space on specially-designed rockets and come back to the Earth.
They were doing this because another country, the Soviet Union, was working on doing the same thing, and at the time, the United States and Soviet Union were competitors – they did not get along.
When the Soviet Union put a satellite into orbit around the Earth, and later a person named Yuri Gagarin, the United States felt that the Soviet Union was getting too far ahead of them when it came to space.
This is usually called the space race.
In 1961, the earliest space program, Project Mercury, put an American named John Glenn into orbit around the Earth.
Later, during another program, Project Gemini, an American astronaut was able to get out of his spaceship in outer space, an activity called a spacewalk, then get back in and come home. (
The Soviet Union had already done that earlier in the same year.)
While doing these things was amazing, since the Soviet Union had done them first, people still felt like the United States was losing the space race.
Both the United States and Soviet Union had the same next goal in mind: to go to the Moon.
The NASA program to send people to the Moon was the Apollo program.
Apollo 1 was going to be the first flight of an Apollo spaceship.
It wasn't going to go to the Moon – it was going to orbit the Earth while the astronauts tested and checked the equipment and machines that would be used to go to the Moon on another flight.
Gus Grissom had been in space before, on a mission called Mercury-Redstone 4.
In a tiny spaceship called "Liberty Bell 7," he'd become the second American to go into space.
Ed White had also been to space before, on the Gemini 4 mission.
He was the first American to take a "spacewalk," leaving the safety of his spaceship while in space and moving around outside in a spacesuit.
Roger Chaffee had not been in space yet, but he was a great pilot.
He had worked with the space program on the ground, helping astronauts who were flying in space.
He had been the person who talked to Gemini 4 during its mission, and NASA trusted him to fly special research jets to learn about how rockets worked.
Test and Fire
Before using any equipment in space, it has to be tested.
During the test, the astronauts would do everything they would do during the actual mission except fire the rockets that would launch the spaceship.
That meant making everything the same as it would be during the actual mission, so problems could be found and fixed before the mission started.
On January 27, 1967, the Apollo 1 spacecraft was being tested on its launch pad in Florida.
All three men – Grissom, White, and Chaffee – were inside.
The hatch was closed and the spacecraft was pressurized – meaning that there was more air inside than normal, which puts more pressure on everything inside.
They needed to do this to make sure that the spacecraft was safe to fly in space.
But rather than using normal air, the spacecraft was pressurized with pure oxygen.
In normal air, oxygen is only about 21% oxygen, meaning that in a box of air, less than a quarter of it is oxygen.
Most of the rest is a gas called nitrogen.
In the Apollo 1 spacecraft, they were using pure oxygen: in the same box, all of it would be oxygen.
During the test, some wiring made a spark, and that spark started a fire.
A fire needs three things to burn: heat, fuel (something that can burn), and oxygen.
In the Apollo 1 spacecraft, the air was all oxygen, and this made the fire grow very quickly and burn very, very hot.
In only a few seconds, the fire was out of control.
While the astronauts  and the crew assigned to help the astronauts from the launch pad both tried their best to get Grissom, White, and Chaffee out of the fire, they could not.
The pressure inside the spacecraft was pressing the hatch shut, and nobody could get it open to get the three men out.
Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee died in the fire.
What Caused the Fire
Even today, we still are not sure just what started the fire.
Engineers checked every inch of Apollo 1, and found several places that may have started the fire.
However, they could not tell which of them had.
What they could tell, though, was that there were a lot of flammable materials – or things that would burn easily – in the spacecraft that were near each of the possible places where the fire started.
The amount of flammable material, when mixed with the pure oxygen in the spacecraft, only needed a spark to start a serious fire.
The whole world heard about the accident, and all Americans were very sad about the deaths of their astronauts.
Even the Soviet Union, America's competitor in the space race, told the American government how sorry they were to hear about the fire.
The Apollo program itself was stopped for almost two years while engineers made changes to the Apollo spacecraft to make it safer.
Today, there are a lot of schools, civic buildings, and other places named for Grissom, White, and Chaffee.
Several memorials were built to honor their loss in the fire.
But maybe the biggest legacy, or way they have been remembered, of their deaths is the change that happened in the space program: since the Apollo 1 fire, there has never been another fire in an American spacecraft – engineers learned that very painful lesson during the fire in Apollo 1 and have done everything they can to make sure another fire can never happen.
For the "Kashō" era which started in 1106 -- sometimes romanized as "Kajō", see Kashō (late Heian period).
was a , also known as Kajō,  after Jōwa and before Ninju.
This period started in June 848 and ended in April 851.
Events of the 9th century Kashō era
18 February 848 (Kashō 1, 10th day of the 1st month): Fujiwara Yoshifusa (904-872) was given an important office in the court.
Yoshifusa's daughter became Emperor Montoku's wife and the mother of Emperor Seiwa.
848 (Kashō 1, 6th month): A rare white tortoise was discovered in Bungo Province.
The tortoise was understood as a sign of good luck.
849 (Kashō 2, 4th month): An ambassador from Baekje was received at court.
849 (Kashō 2, 10th month): Nimmyo's his 40th birthday was an event.
849 (Kashō 2, 11th month): The emperor toured the capital in a grand parade.
850 (Kashō 3, 1st month): The emperor made an official visit to the home of his mother.
May 6, 850 (Kashō 3, 21st day of the 3rd month):  Emperor Ninmyō died at age 41.
The succession (senso) was received by his eldest son.
Soon after, Emperor Montoku accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).
850 (Kashō 3, 5th month): Tachibana no Kachiko died.
She was the widow of Emperor Saga and the mother of Emperor Ninmyō and the grandmother of Emperor Montoku.
She founded a  Buddhist temple called  which evolved into  which exists today.
848 establishments
851 disestablishments
For the "Kashō" era which started in 848 -- sometimes romanized as "Kajō", see Kashō (early Heian period).
, also romanized as Kajō, was a  after Chōji and before Tennin.
This period started in April 1106 and ended in August 1108.
Events of the 12th century Kashō era
3 October 1106 (Kashō 1): Major Shinto shrines were given many petitions which asked for the healing of "evil influences on the Emperor".
9 August 1107 (Kajō 2, 19th day of the 7th month) : In the 21st year of Emperor Horikawa's reign, he died at the age of 29.
The succession (senso) was received by his only son.
Soon after, Emperor Toba accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).
Pocahontas is a 1995 American animated musical romantic comedy-drama movie.
It is the 33rd movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.
It was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance.
The movie made $141,579,773 in the United States and $346,079,773 worldwide.
In 1998, a direct-to-video sequel was released called Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World.
In 1607, Pocahontas, a Native American, likes to be adventurous with her friend, Nacoma, and her animal friends.
When she arrives back to her tribe, Pocahontas' father Chief Powhatan tells her that she will marry Kocoum, a brave warrior.
Pocahontas does not like Kocoum because he is very "serious".
She later leaves off to see her Grandmother Willow, a spiritual willow tree who gives advise and wisdom.
Grandmother Willow warns Pocahontas that British are coming.
Governor Ratcliffe lands in the United States (New World) and names it James Town.
He then tells the crew to dig for gold.
Explorer John Smith goes out to explore the surroundings.
He and Pocahontas meet and become interested in one another.
Smith shares his knowledge of how his "people" live their lives.
Pocahontas is offended when Smith calls her people "savages" because they do not have any modern buildings or a society ruled by a king.
Pocahontas then shares her knowledge and shows Smith that family values, life and nature are the most important things then having a king and buildings ("Colors of The Wind").
After this, Pocahontas and Smith fall in love.
Chief Powhatan warns Pocahontas to stay away from the British because of their weapons.
After finding Pocahontas and Smith kissing, Kocoum fights Smith and tries to kill him.
Thomas whiteness the fight and kills Kocoum with a gun.
This results in a battle between the Native Americans and the British.
Smith is kept captive by the Native Americans who wants to kill Smith.
Pocahontas successfully saves Smith from being killed.
While witnessing the whole situation, Ratcliffe tries to shot Chief Powhatan, though Smith takes the bullet to save him.
In the end, Smith is forced to go back to London to get treatment with Pocahontas.
Pocahontas (Disney)
was a general and shogun of the early Heian Period of Japan.
He was the son of Sakanoue no Karitamaro.
Emperor Kammu gave Tamuramaro the title of shogun.
He was given the task of conquering the Ezo tribes, also known as the .
This were the population who lived in the northern part of Honshū
After Emperor Kammu's death, the general continued to serve Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga as  and .
Tamuramaro was only the second warrior to receive the title of shogun.
The first to receive this title was Ōtomo no Otomaro.
Tamuramaro's name is linked with payments for construction projects at Kiyomizu Temple (Kiyomizu-dera) in the late 8th century.
811 (Kōnin 2, 3rd month): Tamuramaro died at age 54.
The warrior is buried at Shogun-zuka which is east of Kyoto.
His bow, arrows, quiver and sword were buried with him by order of the Emperor.
758 births
811 deaths
The Kennelly–Heaviside layer, also known as the E-region, is part of the ionosphere.
It is a region which is between 90 km and 150 km from the earth’s surface.
It is named after the American engineer  Arthur Edwin Kennelly and the British scientist Oliver Heaviside.
These two scientists both predicted that this area existed, although it was not until some years later that it was proved.
In the Kennelly-Heaviside layer neutral molecules are split into electrons and positively charged molecules.
Radio waves can be bounced off the this region so that long-distance radio messages can be sent over long distances around the curved surface of the earth.
This was why Marconi had been able to send radio messages across the Atlantic in 1902, although it was not understood at the time.
The New Encyclopædia Britannica vol 4, 15th edition, 1986,
ru:Ионосфера#Слой Е
Vicente Fox Quesada (born July 2, 1942) is a Mexican politician.
He was 55th President of Mexico from December 1, 2000 to November 30, 2006.
Fox is currently co-president of the Centrist Democrat International.
It is an international organization of Christian democratic political parties.
President of Mexico (2000-2006)
Fox was elected President of Mexico in the 2000 presidential election, a historically important election that made him the first president elected from an opposition party since Francisco I. Madero in 1910.
He was the first opposition party member in 71 years to defeat the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
He won with 42 percent of the vote.
After being President of Mexico for six years, President Fox returned to his home state of Guanajuato.
He lives there with his wife and family.
Since leaving the presidency, Vicente Fox has been involved in public speaking and the construction of the Vicente Fox Center of Studies, Library and Museum.
Criticisms of Donald Trump
United States presidential election, 2020
In September 2017, Fox said that he will run for President of the United States in the 2020 United States presidential election as an Independent.
Fox however cannot be President because he was not born in the United States and said that his candidacy is only satirical.
The Union Association was a league in Major League Baseball.
Its only season of operation was 1884.
The St. Louis Maroons had the best record in the league, with 94 wins and 19 losses.
was a  after Saikō and before Jōgan.
This period started in February 857 and ended in April 859.
Events of the Ten'an era
27 September 858 (Ten'an 2, 27th day of the 8th month): Emperor Montoku dies; and the succession (senso) was received by his eldest son.
Emperor Seiwa accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).
The start of Seiwa's reign was announced at the Ise Shrine (Kotai-jingu) at Ise and at all the tombs of the imperial family.
15 December 858 (Ten'an 2, 7th day of the 11th month): The emperor's grandfather is named regent (sesshō).
857 establishments
859 disestablishments
The Atlantic League was a minor league baseball organization that operated between 1896 and 1900.
Its teams were from the Northeastern United States.
1900 in the United States
Ithaca Tompkins Regional Airport  is a county-owned public-use airport three miles (5 km) northeast of the central business district of Ithaca, the county seat and largest city in Tompkins County, New York, United States.
The airport is near New York State Route 13.
It serves the southern Finger Lakes Region.
It is used for private as well as commercial passenger and freight aviation.
For over 50 years, the East Hill Flying Club has been at the airport.
The club offers lessons and the use of seven small planes to its members.
Taughannock Aviation which provides business jet charter and management is the fixed base operator for the airport.
The original Ithaca Municipal Airport was located west of downtown Ithaca, near the inlet of Cayuga Lake.
Its single short runway, proximity to the Lehigh Valley freight yards on the south side, the Cayuga Lake marshes on the north side, and fog in the lake valley limited its growth.
Cornell University opened the existing airport on East Hill in 1948 and transferred its ownership to the County in 1956.
The former airport site is now Cass Park, including an airplane hangar which was renovated in 1975 to house the Hangar Theatre.
In 1994, the runway was extended from  in length to its present  and an entirely new, 33,000 square foot (3,000 m²) terminal building opened, replacing the cramped, aging original building.
The airport name changed from Tompkins County Airport to its current name on March 20, 2001.
The northwest-facing runway 32 has an instrument landing system approach and an associated medium intensity approach light system with runway alignment lights.
Runway 14, facing southeast, has an instrument approach based on the VOR/DME located at the airport.
A short turf runway was built parallel to the paved runway, but during the 1980s another turf runway oriented north-south was available to the west of the terminal building and was
approximately  long and  wide.
Commercial traffic peaked in 1990 at 226,813 passengers.
By 2000, the airport lost three of its major carriers.
The airport was hurt by the small size of the market, relative proximity to Syracuse Hancock International Airport and other regional airports, and crowded conditions in Northeastern airspace.
Trans World Airlines, United Airlines, and finally Continental Airlines left to serve more profitable routes, leaving US Airways the sole carrier.
In late 2004, after negotiations with the County, Northwest Airlines agreed to add Northwest Airlink service to Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, which began on May 2, 2005.
US Airways nonstop service to Pittsburgh resumed on November 9, 2005 but stopped again on April 1, 2006 due to low use. (
Pittsburgh is a US Airways focus city.)
Passenger traffic improved with the additional service; the airport served about 140,000 passengers in 2004, increasing to around 170,000 in 2007.
Ithaca Tompkins Regional Airport covers an area of  which contains two runways: 14/32 with 6,601 x 150 ft (2,012 x 46 m) asphalt pavement and 15/33 with a 2,018 x 50 ft (615 x 15 m) turf surface.
For the 12-month period ending October 31, 2006, the airport had 53,038 aircraft operations, an average of 145 per day: 77% general aviation, 20% scheduled commercial, 2% air taxi and <1% military.
At that time there were 62 aircraft based at this airport: 68% single-engine, 15% multi-engine, 16% jet and 2% ultralight.
Ithaca Dispatch (Cayuga, University, Yellow Cab) operates a taxi stand at the airport, although it may be necessary to call in advance, especially during peak hours.
Fares to and from the airport are standardized.
Flight tracking info via Flight Stats
In astronomy, a light curve is a graph that shows the brightness of light from a celestial object or region, over a certain amount of time.
Light curves can be periodic, that is they repeat in a regular pattern.
Examples are eclipsing binaries and cepheid variables.
Light curves can also be aperiodic, that is they are irregular with no pattern.
Examples include the light curve of a nova, a cataclysmic variable star, a supernova or a microlensing event.
The study of the light curve, together with other observations, can give a lot of information about the physical process that produces it or constrain the physical theories about it.
Planetology
In the study of planets (planetology), a light curve can be used to work out the rotation period of a minor planet, moon, or comet nucleus.
From the Earth many objects are so small that even the most powerful telescopes are unable to see objects clearly.
Because of this astronomers measure the amount of light produced by the object over a period of time, its light curve.
The time between the peaks on the graph gives the rotational period of the object.
The difference between the maximum and minimum brightness, the amplitude of the light curve, can be caused by either the shape of the object, or bright and dark areas on the surface.
For example, an odd shaped asteroid's light curve generally has more pronounced peaks, while a more spherical object's light curve will be flatter.
When the light curve covers a long period of time, it is called a secular light curve.
In botany, a light curve shows the photosynthetic response of a leaf or algae to the brightness of a light.
The shape of the curve shows the principle of limiting factors.
In low light, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the amount of chlorophyll and the efficiency of the light-dependent reactions.
In higher light levels it is limited by the efficiency of RuBisCO (an enzyme) and the amount of carbon dioxide.
The point on the graph where these two differing lines meet is called the light saturation point.
This is where the light-dependent reactions are making more ATP and NADPH than can be used by the light-independent reactions.
Since photosynthesis is also limited by ambient carbon dioxide levels, light curves are often repeated at several different constant carbon dioxide concentrations.
The AAVSO online light curve generator  can plot light curves for thousands of variable stars
Lightcurves: An Introduction by NASA's Imagine the Universe
Long Beach Airport , also known as Daugherty Field, is a city-owned public-use airport three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the central business district of the City of Long Beach, in Los Angeles County, California, United States.
It serves Los Angeles and Orange Counties.
It was formerly known as Long Beach Municipal Airport.
This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a primary commercial service airport.
As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 1,413,251 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 1,401,903 enplanements in 2009, and 1,451,404 in 2010.
Long Beach Airport has less passenger service compared with the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) which is 18 miles (29 km) to the northwest.
Long Beach will always remain a relatively small airport because of local ordinances designed to reduce noise.
The airport is under one of the strictest ordinances in the United States on both airport noise and the number of commercial flights.
The current noise levels allow for 41 daily commercial flights and 25 commuter flights.
Local community groups and activists are worried any about changes at the airport.
Low-cost carrier JetBlue Airways came to Long Beach Airport in 2001.
JetBlue uses Long Beach as a West Coast hub.
Air traffic to the airport increased from major East Coast cities.
While JetBlue used the local noise ordinance to turn Long Beach Airport into a miniature fortress hub, it quickly reached maximum capacity.
The airline been forced to change flight times and direct future growth to other Los Angeles area airports.
JetBlue calls LGB a focus city and now operates 31 of the 41 slots.
Air cargo carriers, including FedEx and UPS, also use LGB.
57,000 tons of goods are transported each year.
The Boeing Company (formerly McDonnell Douglas) maintains production of the C-17 military transport jet; maintenance facilities for other Boeing and McDonnell Douglas/Douglas aircraft (including the historic DC-9 and DC-10 aircraft) are also found at Long Beach Airport.
Gulfstream Aerospace also has a completion/service center at the airport.
Although commercial flights are severely restricted, there are still a large number of flights at the airport from charter flights, private aviation, flight schools, law enforcement flights, helicopters, advertising blimps, planes towing advertising banners, etc.
Because of that, Long Beach airport is one of the busiest general aviation airports in the world, with 398,433 aircraft movements in 2007.
Long Beach Airport has a single airport terminal.
It is notable for its Streamline Moderne style of architecture and is a historical landmark.
In December 2010, the airport began building a new passenger concourse that will cost $45 million.
With the new gates, the terminal will grow to 74,000 square feet.
The airport also added an additional parking garage.
Long Beach Transit Routes 111, 104, and 102 serve the airport.
Wardlow Road runs from the airport to the Los Angeles County/Orange County border, where it becomes Ball Road and crosses the northern edge of the Disneyland Resort.
The first transcontinental flight, a biplane flown by Calbraith Perry Rodgers, landed in 1911 on Long Beach's sandy beach.
From 1911 until the airport was built, planes continued to use the beach as a runway.
The famous barnstormer Earl S. Daugherty had leased the area that later became the airport for air shows, stunt flying, wing walking and passenger rides.
Later, he started the world's first flight school in 1919.
In 1923, Daugherty convinced the City council to use the site to build the first municipal airport.
During the 1940s and 1950s the only airline nonstops were to Los Angeles, San Diego, and sometimes Catalina Island.
In 1962, Western Airlines started one Lockheed Electra flight a day to San Francisco.
Jets arrived in 1968.
In 1969 Western had nonstop 737s to Las Vegas, Oakland and San Francisco, but by 1980 SFO was the only nonstop jet destination (on PSA by then).
In 1981 the startup airline Jet America started nonstop MD80 service to Chicago and, in 1982, to Dallas-Fort Worth.
In 1982 Alaska Airlines started nonstop flights to Portland and Seattle.
In 1983, American started ORD and DFW and United started flights to Denver.
In 1984 United had two daily 767s to Denver, which were the largest aircraft ever scheduled into Long Beach.
In the period between 1990 and 1992, Continental, Delta, TWA and USAir stopped using the airport.
In early 2006, American Airlines had also pulled out because of a lack of profitability.
Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan used to regularly fly out of Daugherty Field.
Before his infamous flight from Brooklyn, New York to Ireland in 1938, he had already flown a transcontinental flight from Long Beach to New York.
He was supposed to be returning to Daugherty Field after authorities had refused his request to fly on to Ireland, but because of a claimed navigational error, he ended up in Ireland instead.
He never publicly acknowledged having flown to Ireland intentionally.
The final scenes of the 1947 movie The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer, starring Cary Grant, Myrna Loy, and Shirley Temple, are set at Daugherty Field.