the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
There should be freedom of religion, and people should accept others who follow different religions.
Important Enlightenment figures
Important people in the Enlightenment came from many different countries and shared ideas in many different ways.
Some of the best-known Enlightenment figures, organized by home country, are:
John Locke (1632-1704): An English philosopher known as the Father of Modern Empiricism and the Father of Liberalism.
His ideas were very important to Thomas Jefferson and The Founding Fathers when they wrote the United States Declaration of Independence.
Locke's ideas about people's rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" were especially important, and appear in the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Paine (1737–1809): A writer, Deist, radical republican, and polemicist.
He is most famous for writing a pamphlet called Common Sense, which said that England should not be allowed to control the colonies in America.
Paine also wrote The Age of Reason, a criticism of the Bible, and The Rights of Man, which defended the French Revolution.
Voltaire (born François-Marie Arouet) (1694-1778): A philosopher, writer, playwright, and Deist.
He argued with the Catholic Church and the French government.
Because of this, he was put in prison and exiled from France.
He wrote many different books about philosophy, plays, and histories.
His ideas were important in the French Revolution.
Many people considered the 18th century to be le siècle de Voltaire (the "Century of Voltaire").
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778): A Swiss-born French philosopher, writer, and teacher.
His criticisms of the French State were some of the most powerful of his time.
In his book Emile, or On Education, he wrote about many of his opinions on education.
He is also a figure of the Counter-Enlightenment.
Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755): A political thinker.
He is famous his writings about the separation of powers.
Today, this idea is very common and is a part of many constitutions all over the world.
Denis Diderot (1713–1784): He wrote the Encyclopédie, which included 28 different books.
In these books, he wrote about all different kinds of learning.
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826): A statesman, political philosopher, and Deist.
He was a Patriot, fighting against England, during the American Revolution.
He helped write the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the United States Constitution (1787).
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): A statesman, author, scientist, and poet.
He was also a Patriot during the American Revolution and helped write the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.
Franklin was the first person to understand lightning, and worked as a civil servant in Philadelphia.
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): A Prussian (German) philosopher, writer, and physicist.
He was one of the most important people of the German Enlightenment.
Between 1781 and 1790, Kant wrote three important books in the history of philosophy: Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, and Critique of Judgement.
Gottfried Leibniz (1646-1716): A philosopher and mathematician who created calculus.
He was another leader of the German Enlightenment.
Christian Wolff (1679–1754): A philosopher who continued Leibniz's work.
David Hume (1711–1776): A Scottish historian, philosopher, and economist.
His ideas were important to Immanuel Kant and Adam Smith.
Adam Smith (1723–1790): An economist and philosopher.
He wrote The Wealth of Nations.
In this famous book, he argued that wealth was not money; instead, it came from capital and labour.
He is sometimes thought to have created the laissez-faire economic theory.
His books brought many changes to the Western world.
Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772): A natural philosopher and theologian who tried to figure out how the soul worked in the body.
The Enlightenment -Citizendium
18th century in Europe
A hawk is a common term for a medium to large-sized birds of prey.
Its usage varies in different places.
The subfamily Accipitrinae, the subfamily of the Accipitridae often called the "true" hawks.
It includes all members of Accipiter and the closely related genera.
Goshawks and sparrowhawks are examples.
They are mainly woodland birds with long tails and good sight, hunting by sudden dashes from a concealed perch.
More generally, the term may be used for eagles, kites, and buzzards.
Accipitrine hawks generally take birds as their primary prey.
They have also been called "hen-hawks", or "wood-hawks" because of their woodland habitat.
Like most birds, the hawk migrates in the autumn and the spring.
Hawks, like most vertebrates, have four types of colour receptors in the eye.
They can see not only the visible range, but also the ultraviolet part of the spectrum.
Other adaptations let them detect polarised light and magnetic fields.
They have many photoreceptors in their retina, and an exceptional number of nerves connecting the receptors to the brain.
There is an indented fovea, which magnifies the central portion of the visual field.
A bird of prey (also called raptor) is a bird that mainly uses its claws (called talons) to seize prey.
They are not classified into one natural family or group.
They have strong sharp, hooked beaks and claws and have sharp eyesight.
The behaviour evolved many times in different groups.
This is an illustration of convergent evolution.
Classification by ancestry
Daytime birds
Those bird of prey that are active during the day (diurnal) are classified into five families in two orders.
The orders are the Falconiformes and Accipitriformes.
Accipitridae: hawks, eagles, buzzards, harriers, kites and Old World vultures
Pandionidae: the osprey
Sagittariidae: secretary-bird
Falconidae: falcons, caracaras and forest falcons
Nighttime birds
Eagles are large birds with long, broad wings and massive feet.
Booted eagles have feathered legs and build large stick nests.
Ospreys are one species found worldwide.
They specialize in catching fish.
They also build large stick nests.
Kites have long wings and weak legs.
They spend much of their time soaring.
They will take live vertebrates, but mostly feed on insects and carrion.
Hawks are medium to large-sized birds of prey that usually belong to the genus Accipiter.
They are mainly woodland birds that hunt by sudden dashes from a concealed perch.
They usually have long tails for tight steering.
Buzzards are raptors with a robust body and broad wings, or, alternatively, any bird of the genus Buteo (also commonly known as hawks in North America).
Harriers are large, slender hawk-like birds with long tails and long thin legs.
They hunt small vertebrates by sight, gliding and circling low over grasslands and marshes on their long broad wings.
Vultures are carrion-eating raptors of two different families.
Members of both groups have heads either partly or fully devoid of feathers.
The vultures are also regarded as birds of prey, although they may not be closely related to the other groups.
The Eastern vultures and the western New World vultures are two groups which have evolved separately.
Their similarities are due to convergent evolution.
The Accipitridae only occurs in the Eastern Hemisphere; and
The Cathartidae only occurs in the Western Hemisphere.
Falcons are small to medium-sized birds of prey with long pointed wings.
Unlike most other raptors, they belong to the Falconidae rather than the Accipitridae.
Many are particularly swift flyers.
Instead of building their own nests, falcons appropriate old nests of other birds, but sometimes they lay their eggs on cliff ledges or in tree hollows.
Kestrels are the smallest birds in the group.
Caracaras are a subgroup of the Falconidae unique to the New World, and most common in the tropics.
Owls are variable-sized nocturnal hunting birds.
They fly soundlessly and have very acute senses of hearing and sight.
Strigidae (typical owls)
Tytonidae (barn and bay owls)
Explore Birds of Prey  with The Peregrine Fund
Birds of prey videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Helydon Show Dogs and Birds of Prey
Bird of Prey Pictures
Global Raptor Information Network
is an Internet meme often used in chat rooms or Forums.
It is short for Oh, really?.
O RLY is used as a response to an above post or comment to show (sarcastically) that it is obvious, clear, or apparent.
is usually followed by YA RLY, then NO WAI.
This sarcasm is not to be confused with trolling, disrupting a forum, or a chat room.
The meme has spread on many forums, across the Internet.
It is usually seen with pictures of animals with open mouths.
de:Liste von Abkürzungen (Netzjargon)#O
World Peace One (WP1) is a ten-year idea for promoting peace.
It includes lots of inventive global campaigns, programs and activities that are meant to help the world in "ending all wars" and have "permanent peace".
It is a huge world peace movement, that focuses on human re-inspiration, re-education and redirection—to get rid of war.
All of WP1's programs are being organized by WP1 Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization based in Florida, United States.
WP1 is preparing a series of "peace ambassador" programs.
These are targeted towards governments, religious groups, corporations, schools and universities, as well as celebrity groups, women's organizations, sports organizations and world youth.
Global SuperConcert
The WP1 Global SuperConcert is an musical event that will take place in twelve cities across the world.
The concert date is to be announced.
The purpose of the event is to move humanity toward "ending all war," in favor of "permanent peace.".
Miami, Las Vegas & Los Angeles, United States
Buttle has won the national championships for Canada three times.
He won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
He won the World Championships in 2008.
He has twice won the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a competition for skaters from countries that are not in Europe.
Buttle retired from competitions in 2008.
Nowadays, he shows his skating acts in ice shows and makes skating programs for other skaters.
Buttle is known for very good skating skills.
The edges of his skating blades are leaned very deep, making his skating fun to watch even when he does not perform any jumps.
He is known for his spread eagle and his Ina Bauer, skating movements on ice.
International Skating Union profile
An Ina Bauer is a figure skating element.
It is named after a figure skater from Germany named Ina Bauer, who invented the position.
The Ina Bauer is performed by placing the feet in the fourth position in ballet.
The front leg is bent forwards at the knee and the back leg is extended behind the skater.
The front leg can be either on an inside edge or an outside edge.
An outside edge Ina Bauer is harder to do.
While the skater skates in a curve across the ice (necessary because of the skate positions), the back can be bent backwards.
This is not mandatory, but it does add to the element.
The Ina Bauer is a famous move in Japan because it was performed by Shizuka Arakawa during her long program at the 2006 Winter Olympics, which she won.
Because she bends back so far during the move, the term in Japanese has come to mean anything having to do with bending backwards.
See Ina Bauer element  (MPG)
Read more about Ina Bauer
Shawn Sawyer (born January 14, 1985 in Edmundston, New Brunswick) is a Canadian figure skater.
He won the bronze medal two times at the Canadian national championships.
He skated at the 2006 Winter Olympics and came in 12th.
Unlike most figure skaters who spin on the ice and during their jumps in a counter-clockwise motion, Sawyer is one of few skaters who jumps and spins in a clockwise direction.
Other skaters who rotate "lefty" are Johnny Weir and Alissa Czisny.
Sawyer is known for his great flexibility and his artistry on the ice.
Most male skaters do not perform spirals during competition because they do not get credit for doing them.
Sawyer uses them to highlight his skating and as difficulty entrances.
They are also a major part of his non-competitive (exhibition) programs.
Sawyer's spirals and flexible spins have given him a different look from most other skaters and have helped his popularity.
Sawyer is often compared to Canadian Olympic bronze medalist Toller Cranston.
When Sawyer was 12, Cranston was about to retire from show skating.
Cranston put together a televised show in which he and other top ranked skaters, including Scott Hamilton, skated with Sawyer and gave him advice.
Cranston still advises Sawyer.
Sawyer can perform a backflip on ice.
He was taught this move by Brian Orser.
Sawyer has performed the Biellmann spin in exhibition when he was a junior-level skater, but has since stopped training it.
Still, he remains one of the few male skaters to have ever performed this move.
International Skating Union biograhy
Skate Canada Profile
Brian Orser, OC (born December 18, 1961 in Belleville, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian figure skater.
He won two silver medals (second place) at the Olympics: the first in 1984 and the second in 1988.
At the 1988 Olympics, he was part of the Battle of the Brians.
He and American Brian Boitano were both favorites to win the competition.
Boitano won it in a very close call over Orser.
In 1998, an ex-boyfriend of Orser announced in a court of law that Orser is gay.
Orser did not want this known at first.
He thought that people knowing that he was gay would affect his career in a negative way.
However, he has since embraced being outed.
Orser retired from show skating in 2007.
He now is a co-director of skating at a rink in Toronto.
Brian Orser: Canadian Excellence - Official website
ESPN's brief history of gay athletes
Canadian Olympic silver medalists
Kim is the first South Korean figure skater to get a medal at the Olympic Games.
She is one of the most well known athletes in South Korea.
As of April 2010, she became the first in the world by the International Skating Union.
She was also the first female skater to pass the 200-point mark under the ISU Judging System.
Kim Yu-Na was born in 1990 in Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, and moved to Gunpo when she was six.
In March 2007, she went to Canada to train for her figure skating with her judge, Brian Orser.
In 2009, Kim went into Korea University, but she still continued her training in Canada.
The right spelling of her name is 'Kim Yeona'.
However, when she applied for a passport, she wanted her name written as 'Yun-a', but the official made a mistake and wrote her name as 'Yu-na'.
In Korean 'Yu-na' would be written as "유나" and not "연아".
Kim began skating when she was seven years old.
At that time, her coach, Ryu Jong-Hyeon, approved of Kim's talent.
Because of this, he told Kim's mother that Kim should continue to train and become a competitive figure skater, as Yuna had perfect conditions and great skills for her age to become a figure skater.
In 2002, she competed internationally for the first time at the Triglav Trophy and won a gold medal there.
A year later, when she was 12 years old, she won the senior title at the South Korean Figure Skating Championships.
She was the youngest skater ever to win that title.
She won her second international contest at the Golden Bear of Zagreb.
Junior career
In the 2004–2005 season, as a junior skater, Kim competed at the ISU Junior Grand Prix, which is a junior complement to the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating.
She won a silver medal at the event in China and a gold medal at the event in Hungary.
She won a silver medal at the 2005 Junior Grand Prix Final with an overall score of 137.75 points.
She retained her National Championship title for the third year in a row on her way to the 2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships.
At that competition, she won a silver medal again, earning 158.93 points.
So instead, she went to the 2005–2006 Junior Grand Prix and won both of the contests, in Bulgaria and Slovakia.
At the 2006 Junior Grand Prix Final, she won the competition by getting 28.34 points more than Aki Sawada, who had gotten the silver medal.
During her freeskate, she made seven triple jumps, including a triple flip.
At the 2006 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, she was the rival of Mao Asada, a Japanese figure-skater, and won the gold medal.
When she won this medal, she had made 177.54 points.
Senior career
In order to prepare for her next contest in the 2006–2007 season, Kim practiced very much at the Skating and Curling Club of Toronto in Canada during the summer of 2006.
She was trained by Brian Orser and David Wilson.
Kim won a bronze medal at the 2006 Skate Canada after earning a score of 168.48 points.
She won the 2006 Trophée Eric Bompard with a score of 184.54 points, 10.10 ahead of Miki Ando, the skater who got the silver medal.
Those performances made Kim be allowed to the Grand Prix Final in St. Petersburg, Russia.
At this place, Kim won, earning 184.20 points, which was 11.68 points more than Mao Asada, who earned the silver medal.
Kim was forced to stop because she got hurt at the 2006–2007 South Korean Championships.
Because of this, she had to go to the hospital.
Kim was picked to compete at the 2007 World Figure Skating Championships.
During the World Championships in Tokyo, Japan, Kim won the short program with 71.95 points, setting a world record.
She placed fourth in the long program scoring 114.19 points, and finished the third one with 186.14 points behind Miki Ando and Mao Asada of Japan.
Kim's points helped two more South Korean ladies come for the 2008 World Figure Skating Championships.
In March 2007, Brian Orser became Kim's new full-time coach.
Because she liked the training environment in Toronto, Kim made Toronto her training home.
Her coaches included at that time Brian Orser, Astrid Shrubb, David Wilson, and Tracy Wilson.
2007–2008 season
Kim started off the 2007–2008 season by winning the 2007 Cup of China with a score of 180.68 points, which was 24.34 ahead of Caroline Zhang, who had gotten the silver medal.
At the 2007 Cup of Russia, Kim won both the short program scoring 63.50 points and the free skate with 133.70 points.
So she set a world record for the free skate score under the ISU Judging System.
She also did a flip jump-toe loop put together, a loop jump, a lutz jump-toe loop jump, an axel jump-toe loop jump, and a triple lutz jump.
She was allowed to the 2007–2008 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final in Turin, Italy.
She won the short program with 64.62 points.
With a score of 196.83 points, Kim won her second Grand Prix Final.
Kim did not attend the 2007–2008 South Korean Nationals and also did not go to the 2008 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships because of a hip injury.
Even though she still had back pain, she went to the 2008 World Figure Skating Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden.
She was placed fifth in the short program with 59.85 points.
She scored 183.23 points overall, and won her second bronze medal.
At the 2008 Skate America, Kim was placed first in the short program with a score of 69.50.
She went on to get the ladies title by winning the free skate with a score of 123.95.
She won the event with 193.45 points, which was more than 20 points ahead of Yukari Nakano of Japan, who won the silver medal.
Kim continued to win and earn medals at the 2008 Cup of China, where she received a score of 63.64 in the short program and 128.11 in the free skate, winning first in both of them.
The became all together 191.75.
Her performance let her into the 2008–2009 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final|2008–2009 Grand Prix Final.
During the 2008–2009 Grand Prix Final, which was held in Goyang, South Korea, she was placed first in the short program with 65.94 points and second in the free skate where she earned 120.41 points.
She won silver medal with a total score of 186.35 points, 2.20 points behind Mao Asada of Japan.
Kim contested in the 2009 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships in Vancouver, Canada.
She set a new world record of 72.24 points in the short program.
She also scored 116.83 in the free skating program, winning the gold medal.
During the 2009 World Figure Skating Championships, held in Los Angeles, United States, she set another new world record of 76.12 points, surpassing her previous record by almost four points.
She performed a triple flip-triple toe loop combination, a triple lutz jump and a double axel jump.
At the same time, she earned a level four on all her spins.
She also won the free skating program, scoring 131.59 points and showing great skills with her artistry and her musical abilities.
Because of these, she set a new world record of 207.71 as well as winning her first World Championship title and she became the first female skater to go over 200 points under the ISU Judging System.
Her score was 16.42 points ahead of Joannie Rochette, the woman who earned the silver medal.
She was the only competitor who earned eights in program components marks in both the short program and the free skate at the competition.
Kim was the only female skater whose triple-triple combination was seen by the judges in both the short and free programs during the 2008–2009 season.
At the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard, she won first in the short program with the score of 76.08 points, 16.44 points ahead of Yukari Nakano.
Her three spins were all graded as a level four.
Showing great artistic skills, she won the free skate scoring 133.95 points.
She won the event with 210.03 points, 36.04 ahead of Mao Asada.
Kim set world records for the free skate.
At the 2009 Skate America, Kim won first again, which was 17.48 points more than Rachael Flatt.
She received +2.20 points for her triple lutz-triple toe loop combination.
This was the highest point ever given for jumps by the ISU in ladies' figure skating.
She also won second in the free skate with the score of 111.70 points, because of her mistakes in her jumps.
Although it was one of her lowest scores, she still won the event with 187.98 points, beating Rachael Flatt.
At the competition, she set a new world record again.
Her victories in both Grand Prix events qualified her for the 2009–2010 Grand Prix Final in Tokyo, Japan, in December 2009.
At the event, she placed second in the short program with 65.64 points, 0.56 behind Miki Ando.
The next day, she won the free skate with 123.22 points.
Because of all these, Kim finally won her third Grand Prix Final title with a score of 188.86 points.
In March 2010, Kim competed at the 2010 World Figure Skating Championships in Turin, Italy.
Kim said she had tried but had a hard time with competing.
She won seventh in the short program with 60.30 points.
She opened with a triple lutz-triple toe loop, but had problems with her spinning.
In the end, She won the silver medal totalling 190.79 points.
In the short program on February 23, she made a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination, a triple flip and a double axel.
On February 25, she won the free skate with a score of 150.06 points, 18.34 points more than Asada, who also came in second place.
Kim was the only one who earned nines in marks.
Overall, Kim totaled 228.56 points, shattering her personal best and own old world record by a margin of 18 points.
She won the gold medal, becoming the first South Korean skater to medal in any contests of figure skating at the Olympic Games.
Kim's gold medal was South Korea's first medal at the Winter Olympics in a sport other than speed skating or short track.
Public life and endorsements
Her skating music and other favorites were put and sold in the album Yuna Kim ~ Fairy On ICE ~ Skating Music (Universal Music Korea, 2008).
She was the headliner of the 2008 and 2009 Festa On Ice, which presented other world class figure skaters.
IB Sports, Kim's agency, produced the ice show.
The 2010 Festa On ice is going to be on April 16–18, 2010.
IB Sports produced another ice show, Ice All Stars 2009, which took place in Seoul on August 14–16, 2009.
Michelle Kwan, who is Kim's idol, joined the ice show.
Kim has appeared on many commercials in South Korea.
She sings in some commercials.
Her commercial for a new touchscreen haptic phone from Samsung Electronics, dubbed as Yuna's Haptic (SPH-W7700), was done in South Korea on May 24, 2009.
In the commercial, she plays a rock singer, a teenager, and a writer to show off various features of the phone.
Samsung Electronics has sold over one million devices in a record seven months.
Competitive highlights
Senior results
Junior and novice results
Detailed results
(Small medals for short program and free skating awarded only at World, Four Continents, and World Junior Championships.)
Senior Results
SP = Short program; FS = Free skating
World bests highlighted in bold
Season bests highlighted in Italic
Junior Results
ISU season bests highlighted in Italic.
QR = Qualifying round; SP = Short program; FS = Free skating
Kim Yu-Na 's profile on NBC
Kim Yu-Na's profile on CTV
Competitors at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
South Korean sportspeople
Christopher Mabee (born on August 26, 1985 in Tillsonburg, Ontario) is a figure skater from Canada.
He won the silver medal (second place) at the 2007 national championships.
This earned him a spot to the 2007 World Championships, his first time ever at that competition.
Mabee is a good friends with Jeffrey Buttle.
They train together and have the same coach.
Mabee's rise to the top of Canadian skating has been slow and steady.
In the 2003/2004 season, he won the bronze medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final.
He is the second Canadian man to ever win a medal at that competition (after Fedor Andreev).
Mabee just barely missed a place to the 2006 Winter Olympics.
However, instead of going to that competition, he went to the 2006 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a competition for skaters from countries that are not in Europe.
He won the silver medal at that competition.
Mabee is well liked by the crowds in exhibition.
He is known for his humor on the ice.
He often chooses music that makes fun of himself or is light-hearted.
At the 2006 Four Continents, he skated a program to Play that funky music, white boy.
At the 2006 Nationals, he started his exhibition with a funny song about his home town of Tillsonburg.
International skating union biography
Tanith Jessica Louise Belbin (born July 11, 1984 in Kingston, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian-American ice dancer.
She is a citizen of both Canada and the United States.
Her skating partner is Benjamin Agosto.
Belbin was born in Canada and lived in various places like Montreal until she was thirteen years old.
At the age of thirteen, she moved to the United States to skate with Agosto.
They are coached by Igor Shpilband.
He is the one who paired them together.
Belbin & Agosto had success immediately on the Junior level.
They won a medal of every color at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships between 2000 and 2002.
They qualified to skate for the United States at the 2002 Winter Olympics.
However, in order to do this, both partners would need to be citizens of the United States and Belbin had not yet gotten American citizenship.
In 2005, Belbin and Agosto won their first World medal.
This was the first World medal for the United States in ice dancing in 20 years.
Their silver medal at this competition, along with how well the other American team did, earned the United States three spots on the Olympic team.
However, this would not have done them any good because Belbin was still not an American citizen.
If she had applied for citizenship, she would have gotten her citizenship in time for the 2006 Olympics.
Because of rules changes after she had applied, she could not go back and take advantage of other rules, so she and Agosto thought they would have to miss the 2006 Olympics.
But a special law was passed allowing her to take advantage of the sped-up process.
Belbin was sworn in as an American citizen on December 31, 2005.
Belbin and Agosto are known for their connection, lifts, and skating skills.
They have very good footwork.
Care to Ice Dance? -
Belbin & Agosto
Benjamin Alexandro "Ben" Agosto (born January 15, 1982, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American ice dancer.
His skating partner is Tanith Belbin.
Agosto originally skated with Katy Hill in the Chicago area.
In 1998, he moved to Michigan and he teamed up with Belbin.
Shpilband is the one who paired them together.
Ice dancing is a form of figure skating related to ballroom dancing.
Its first competition was at the World Figure Skating Championships in 1952, but it did not become a Winter Olympic Games medal sport until 1976.
As in pair skating, dancers compete as a couple, a man and a woman.
Ice dancing is different from pair skating because it limits the figures to those which are imitative of dance.
Skaters must stay close together, and may not perform jumps.
There are set dances, in which the style must be appropriate for the type of dance, and there is a Free Dance section which allows lifts up to shoulder level.
Ice-dance.com
Care to Ice Dance?
Ice Dancers Online
ISU Home - International Skating Union website
Charlie White is an ice dancer from the United States.
His skating partner is Meryl Davis.
They won the junior title at the United States national championships in 2006.
In 2007, they won the bronze medal (third place) on the senior level, becoming the first team since Tanith Belbin & Benjamin Agosto to go from being junior national champions to World team members in one season.
Davis and White have skated together since 1997.
They are the longest-lasting team still skating in the United States.
In 2006, Davis and White won the bronze medal at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships.
Later that year, they became the first team in the world to get the highest level of difficulty for one of their programs.
This happened at the 2006 NHK Trophy and put them immediately into the skating spotlight.
In 2007, they won the bronze medal at Nationals.
At the World Championships, they placed 7th.
This was the highest placement for a US team at their first World Championships since 1980.
White previously competed internationally as a single skater and nationally as a hockey player.
He gave up hockey after breaking his ankle doing it and making him and Davis miss most of the 2004-2005 competitive season.
He gave up single skating in 2006 to focus on ice dancing at the senior level.
Care to Ice Dance: Davis & White
U.S. Figure Skating: Davis and White
Meryl Davis is an ice dancer from the United States.
Her skating partner is Charlie White.
The Treaty of Shimonoseki (, ) was signed between the Qing Dynasty and Empire of Japan at Shimonoseki in 1895.
It ended the First Sino-Japanese War (1894 - 1895).
Main terms of the treaty
Korea was not a vassal-state under China.
Korea would became an independent nation.
China had to give Japan 200 million taels (a tael had usually a little more silver than a (Spanish dollar).
Formosa, the Pescadores and the Liaotung Peninsula ceded to Japan.
Chungking, Soochow, Hangchow and Shashih had to be opened for Japanese trading.
Japanese people were allowed to build industries and sell their products in China.
the Treaty of Shimonoseki (Chinese Version)
the Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese Version)
Tessa Virtue is an ice dancer from Canada.
Her skating partner is Scott Moir.
Virtue and Moir have been skating together since 2008.
In the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, the duo won the gold medal in the ice dancing competition; which was not only a first for them, but also for the country of Canada.
They went on to win two silver medals in 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and two gold medals in 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics.
They are now the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history.
Virtue and Moir were the most successful junior-level Canadian ice dancers ever.
They won Canada's first gold medal in ice dancing at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships in 2006.
In that year, they also won the bronze medal at the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a senior-level competition for skaters who are from countries that are not in Europe.
In their first full season skating at the senior level, Virtue and Moir won the silver medal (second place) at the Skate Canada International and again at Nationals.
Their debut at the World Championships was the highest debut by any team in over two decades when they placed 6th.
This made them immediately seeded skaters going into the 2007/2008 season.
Virtue and Moir are known for their artistry, musicality, and grace on the ice.
They often look as if they were dancing, not skating.
They have a close connection.
While most of their programs have been soft and romantic, Virtue and Moir have also done humorous programs in exhibition.
Virtue and Moir were coached by Igor Shpilband and  Marina Zueva.
Virtue & Moir
Scott Moir is an ice dancer from Canada.
His skating partner is Tessa Virtue.
Virtue and Moir have been skating together since 1997.
Virtue and Moir are coached by Igor Shpilband and  Marina Zueva.
Moir comes from a family of skaters.
His older brother Danny competed internationally on the junior level with one of his cousins.
That cousin now skates competitively as a synchronized skater.
Other relatives of Moir's are judges and coaches.
Albena Denkova (born December 3, 1974 in Sofia) is an ice dancer from Bulgaria.
Her skating partner and fiancee is Maxim Staviski.
After 2007 Worlds, Denkova and Staviski did not announce if they would retire, leaving it open.
However, in the summer of 2007, Staviski was involved in a fatal car crash that killed a man and left someone else in a coma.
Staviski survived unharmed.
However, he was legally drunk.
Denkova and Staviski have withdrawn from the Grand Prix events they were scheduled to attend.
Denkova has not made an official announcement as to their retirement, but if Staviski goes to jail, they will be unable to compete.
Denkova and Staviski are known for being pioneers of dance lifts.
They invented or popularized most of the ice dance lifts currently in use at the international level.
Denkova & Staviski official web site
Denkova & Staviski
Bulgarian sportspeople
People from Sofia
Maxim Staviski () (born November 16, 1977, in Rostov-on-Don, Soviet Union (now Russia)) is an ice dancer from Bulgaria.
His skating partner and fiancee is Albena Denkova.
Staviski originally competed for the Soviet Union and later Russia.
He moved to Bulgaria when he started skating with Denkova.
He has acquired Bulgarian citizenship and considers himself wholly Bulgarian.
He was insulted when a reporter told him he was the only Russian skater to win a gold medal at the 2006 World Championships.
Soviet figure skaters
The First Sino-Japanese War (, ; 1 August 1894–17 April 1895) was a war between the Qing Dynasty and the Empire of Japan.
Finally, the Empire of Japan won the war.
They signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
Comparison of the Military Power
Status of Chinese Fleets
There were totally 65 warships in China before the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War.
They were divided into four fleets (Beiyang Fleet, the Nanyang Fleet, the Guangdong Fleet and the Fujian Fleet).
However, the Beiyang Fleet was the only fleet participated in the war.
In order to save their ships, the other fleets' commanders were opposed to join the war.
In the Beiyang Fleet, there were 25 warships.
Dingyuan and Zhenyuan were the most powerful warships in the fleet.
Dingyuan had 6,000 horsepower and displaced 7,670 tons loaded.
Nevertheless, as Empress Dowager Cixi wanted to build a grand garden she embezzled the money originally allocated for expanding the Beiyang Fleet, the commanders did not have enough money to buy the latest weapons for the fleet.
Most of the warships in the fleet were not well equipped before joining the war.
Status of Japanese Fleets
There were totally 240,616 soldiers could be mobilized in Japan before the outbreak of the war.
Also, there were 32 battleships and 24 torpedo boats in the Imperial Japanese Navy.
All of them had the latest, and newest weapons.
Main Battles During the War
Battle of the Yalu River
On 17 September 1894, the Beiyang Fleet and the Imperial Japanese Navy fought at the Yalu River, the border between China and Korea.
In this battle, the commander of the Beiyang Fleet was Ding Ruchang, originally a cavalryman, and Sukeyuki Ito was the commander of Japanese fleet.
The battle lasted 5 hours.
Finally, 4 battleships of the Beiyang Fleet was destroyed and 1,000 soldiers were killed.
Only 1 battleship was lost in the Imperial Japanese Navy.
The commander of the Beiyang Fleet retreated to the port of Lushun.
Battle of Lushunkou
On 17 September 1894, the Japanese armies occupied the fortresses with powerful cannons and cities in Lushun and Dalian.
The Japanese troops entered the cities and killed 20,000 Chinese civilians within 4 days.
This incident was historically called Port Arthur massacre.
Battle of Weihaiwei
In January 1895, the Japanese armies invaded Weihaiwei.
The Beiyang Fleet was fairly defeated.
11 battleships of the team was seized.
Video footage of a naval battle during the First Sino-Japanese war
1890s in Asia
Johnny Weir (born July 2, 1984 in Coatesville, Pennsylvania) is an American figure skater.
He won the United States national championships three times.
In a memoir released in January 2011, he wrote that he was gay.
Weir had a late start in skating, starting at the age of 12.
He had previously competed as an equestrian.
Weir and his family moved to Delaware so he could skate.
Weir originally trained at the University of Delaware.
Despite his late start, Weir was the World Junior Champion in 2001 at the age of sixteen.
He and Evan Lysacek won the top two medals that year, becoming the first time since 1987 that the US had gone one-and-two at Junior Worlds.
In 2003, Weir was in second place after the short program at the national championships in Dallas.
However, he literally hit the wall during the program and then had a bad fall on a jump.
He withdrew in the middle of the program.
As he left, he got a hug from Lysacek, who told he would see him back the next year.
Following that bad competition, Weir left the University of Delaware club and moved to The Pond ice arena.
His coach Priscilla Hill came with him.
In 2004, Weir won the National championships and again in 2005 and 2006.
For the 2005/2006 season, Weir had a short program to The Swan.
It was mocked during the movie Blades of Glory and became iconic of the 2006 Olympics.
Weir had the most success of his career with this short program.
At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Weir was second after the short program.
After a long program in which he omitted the eighth jumping pass and did two combinations when three were allowed, he dropped to fifth place overall.
In 2007, Weir won the bronze medal at Nationals.
After that season he switched coaches to Galina Zmievskaya, who previously coached Viktor Petrenko and Oksana Baiul to Olympic gold medals.
Weir lives and trains in New Jersey.
He also works as a model.
He has appeared in spreads in fashion magazines and walked the catwalk during New York Fashion Week.
Johnny Weir Official Website
U.S. Figure Skating biography
American Olympians
He is best known as a figure skater from Japan.
Nobunari Oda International skating Union (ISU)
Nobunari Oda at Icenetwork.com
The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 animated comedy movie.
It is based on the television programme The Simpsons.
The movie is mainly about environmental disaster.
The movie features the main television voices of Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, and Harry Shearer.
Homer adopts a pig, which he names Spider Pig, a parody of Spiderman.
Lisa starts a campaign with a new boy named Colin, who is Irish.
They want to stop the people of Springfield from dumping in the lake.
Everyone agrees to this and the lake is cleared up.
Marge questions Homer about Spider pigs 'leavings'.
He says he has put them in a silo.
This causes Marge to say "Get rid of the silo properly."
Homer agrees to this, and Marge says he is allowed to take Spider Pig with him.
To which Homer tells Marge "He's not Spider Pig anymore, he's Harry Plopper".
This is a reference to Harry Potter.
The pig even has the lightning bolt scar and the thick glasses, just like Harry Potter.
Homer drives to the waste site to get rid of the silo.
Homer's friend and co-worker Lenny calls him from a donut store and tells him that they are giving out free donuts.
Homer, with his love for donuts, tries to find a different way to getting rid of his silo.
He then drives to the now clean lake.
He ignores the "No Dumping" signs and dumps the silo into the lake.
The lake then bubbles up and turns into a toxic poison.
Dan Castellaneta as Homer Simpson, Abe Simpson, Groundskeeper Willie, Krusty the Clown, Mr. Teeny, Sideshow Mel, Mayor Quimby, EPA Officer, Itchy, Barney Gumble, Hans Moleman, Burns's Lawyer, Rich Texan
Julie Kavner as Marge Simpson, Patty Bouvier, and Selma Bouvier
Nancy Cartwright as Bart Simpson, Maggie Simpson, Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, TV Daughter
Hank Azaria as Moe Szyslak, Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, Comic Book Guy, Cletus Spuckler, Carl, Bumblebee Man, Dr. Nick, Chief Wiggum, Professor Frink, Captain McCallister, Officer Lou
Harry Shearer as Mr. Burns, Smithers, Ned Flanders, Rainer Wolfcastle, Reverend Lovejoy, Lenny, Dr. Hibbert, Kent Brockman, Scratchy, Seymour Skinner, Otto Mann, President Schwarzenegger, Skull
Pamela Hayden as Milhouse Van Houten, Rod Flanders, Jimbo Jones
Tress MacNeille as Medicine Woman, Colin, Plopper, Cookie Kwan, Lindsey Neagle, Agnes Skinner, TV Son, Mrs. Muntz, Elly
Marcia Wallace as Edna Krabappel
Russi Taylor as Martin Prince
Maggie Roswell as Helen Lovejoy, Miss Hoover
Albert Brooks as Russ Cargill (credited as 'A. Brooks')
Karl Wiedergott as Man, EPA Officer
Phil Rosenthal as TV Dad
Joe Mantegna as Fat Tony
Green Day as Themselves
Tom Hanks as Himself
Niels Ellegaard – Homer Simpson
Helle Dolleris – Marge Simpson
Mille H. Lehfeldt – Bart Simpson
Pauline Rehné – Lisa Simpson
Nis Bank-Mikkelsen – Grampa Simpson
Amin Jensen – Præsident Schwarzenegger
Preben Kristensen – Tom Hanks
Jens Jacob Tychsen – Krusty / Scratchy
Henrik Koefoed – Comic Book Guy
Søren Ulrichs – Montgomery Burns
Michael Elo – Moe Szyslak
Christian Damsgaard – Ned Flanders
Søren Ulrichs – Apu Nahasapeemapetilon / Itchy
Peter Røschke – Clancy Wiggum
Peter Zhelder – Clancy Wiggum
Signe Vangsgaard – Ralph Wiggum
Peter Zhelder – Timothy Lovejoy
Jens Jacob Tychsen – Lenny Leonard
Peter Aude – Russ Cargill
Tress MacNeille – Crazy Cat Lady
Sasia Mølgaard – Milhouse Van Houten
Dan Castellaneta – Tusind-øjet Egern
Tress MacNeille – Plopper
Thomas Mørk – Santa’s Little Helper
Torbjørn Hummel – Kent Brockman
Grethe Mogensen – Medicinkvinde
Jette Sievertsen – Nelson
2007 animated movies
2007 comedy movies
Adult animated movies
Male enhancement supplements work by increasing the amount of blood flow the genital region receives and the volume of blood that it can retain.
In a flaccid state, the penis, like any other part of the body, receives a normal amount of blood flow.
When an erection occurs, the penis is surged with a rich supply of blood which is then trapped in the spongy tissues of the Cavernosa and Spongiosum.
Male enhancement supplements can be synthetic or herbal.
Synthetic ones may have more side-effects.
Some herbal male enhancement supplements
Muira Puama (a powerful aphrodisiac),
Ginkgo biloba (improves peripheral circulation, oxygenation, and increases blood flow to the genitals),
Horny Goat (stress reduction),
Panax Ginseng (Used to combat impotence, infertility, and premature ejaculation, it normalizes blood pressure while rejuvenating and revitalizing the body.
It also promotes the growth of nerve tissue.),
Damiana (a sexual stimulant for men and women),
Inosine (improves performance),
Tribulus Terrestris (increase levels of testosterone by increasing the body's production of luteinizing hormone (LH) levels),
Cayenne Fruit (stimulates blood flow by strengthening the heart, capillaries, and nerves),
Ginseng (rejuvenator, sexual stimulant, and body fortifier against the effects of environmental stress),
Fo-Ti (rejuvenating properties; ancients believed it can help one preserve youthfulness and restore fertility),
Gotu Kola (impotence remedy) and
Saw Palmett (nourish the nerves, toning and strengthening the male reproductive system, particularly the prostate gland).
All Natural Male Enhancement FAQ – The Positive Effects and Side Effects
Zealand (Danish Sjælland), the Danish island
Region Sjælland, a Danish administrative region
Zeeland, the Dutch province
Zeeland (North Brabant), a town in the Netherlands
Zeeland (Gelderland), a hamlet in the Netherlands
Zeeland, Michigan, U.S. town
Zealand, New Brunswick, Canadian town
Zeeland, North Dakota, U.S. town
New Zealand, an island country in the southwestern Pacific ocean
Zeeland, Vadim, contemporary Russian mystic and author
Californication is an American television series.
The series is shown on the Showtime television network.
Californication was created by Tom Kapinos and stars David Duchovny as Hank Moody.
It is about a troubled novelist who moves to Los Angeles, California.
The series deals with problems with his job that cause problems with his relationships with his partner Karen (Natascha McElhone) and daughter Becca (Madeleine Martin).
The series was first shown on television on August 13, 2007.
Channel Five in the UK and Network Ten in Australia have bought the rights to this television series.
It was announced that after the seventh season, that Californication would end.
The seventh season started airing on April 13, 2014.
Showtime Announcement
2007 American television series debuts
Bushido (rapper), a German rapper.
A mod in development for the computer game Half-Life 2.
Bushido (role-playing game), a role playing game from the late 20th century.
Bushido (comics), a DC comics character.
Californication (album) - An album by the band, Red Hot Chili Peppers
Califonication (song) - A song of the album with the same name, by the Red Hot Chili Peppers
Californication (TV series) - A television series starring David Duchovny
Honour, spelt honor in the United States, is the idea of the trustworthiness and social status of a person by the society, by judgement of his actions.
The idea of honour, like most cultural things, is very different from place to place, and through time.
In Europe in the Middle Ages, honour took form in the code of Chivalry.
In Japan, a similar thing happened with Bushido.
As time passed, the honour of a gentleman and his family was generally expressed in the practice of duelling.
The idea has declined in modern times, but still exists, mostly as an approval of one's actions by the society.
An oil field is a region with many oil wells extracting petroleum (oil) from below ground.
Because the oil reservoirs usually extend over a large area, possibly several hundred kilometres across, the only way to completely exploit the field is with many wells in different parts of the field.
Other than wells, there may be pipelines to transport the oil elsewhere, and support buildings for the workers and for repairs.
Interactive Oil Field Map  Mississippi Oil Journal
Interactive Oil and Gas Maps Kansas Geological Survey
Takeoff is the part of flight in which an aircraft goes from moving along the ground (taxiing) to flying in the air, usually on a runway.
For balloons, helicopters and some special aircraft (such as the Harrier), no runway is needed.
Takeoff is the opposite of landing.
Brian Joubert (born September 20, 1984 in Poitiers) is a French figure skater.
He won the 2007 World Championships, the 2004, 2007 & 2009 European Championships, and has won the French Nationals seven times.
He competed in the 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics.
Joubert won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2002 Nationals, but did not immediately qualify for the 2002 Olympic team because France had only two spots to the Olympics.
But at the 2002 European Championships, Joubert won the bronze medal, placing ahead of the other French skaters at the competition, and he was put on the Olympic team.
He placed 14th at the Olympics.
Joubert is one of two men (with Emanuel Sandhu) who has beaten Evgeni Plushenko between the 2002 Olympics and the 2006 Olympics.
Joubert beat him at the 2004 European Championships.
Joubert then went on to place 2nd at Worlds, winning his first World medal.
Joubert has had an up-and-down career.
He has switched coaches many times.
He was briefly coached by Alexei Yagudin.
He is now coached by Jean-Christophe Simond.
At the 2005 World Championships, he placed sixth.
Nevertheless, he was seen as a threat for an Olympic medal.
But at the Olympics, he placed 6th.