the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
One unusual example of this is the exile to Malta of all of the male population from the town of Celano (Italy) in 1223, the stationing of a Norman and Sicilian garrison on Malta in 1240, the expulsion from Malta of Arabs (presumably, those who refused to convert to Christianity) commencing in 1245, the arrival of several hundred Catalan soldiers in 1283, the European repopulation of Malta that began in the 13th century,
Historical and ethnic studies published and promoted by the various ruling classes during their governance over Malta provide little, if any, valuable guidance on the question of Maltese ethnicity, given that their conclusions appear to have been driven, in large part, by political expediency.
Hence, Maltese history books published during the rule of the Knights of St. John, at a time when Malta and Gozo suffered repeated razzias at the hands of the Ottomans and Barbary corsairs, promoted the myth of a continuous, Roman Catholic, native Maltese population, that somehow survived despite the Arab conquest of Malta and the depopulation that followed.
Studies and reports published during the British colonial period promoted the theory of  Phoenician origins, in an attempt to distinguish the Maltese from their Sicilian and Italian neighbours, or in the case of the Catholic Church, to distinguish the Maltese from the Arab peoples that controlled Malta prior to the liberation of Malta by the Normans.
By contrast, history books published during the Mintoff years following Independence began to question the earlier beliefs in a continuous, indigenous population of Christian Maltese and, in some cases, quietly promoted the theory of closer cultural and ethnic ties with North Africa.
This new development was noted by Boissevain in 1991:
...the Labour government broke off relations with NATO and sought links with the Arab world.
After 900 years of being linked to Europe, Malta began to look southward.
Muslims, still remembered in folklore for savage pirate attacks, were redefined as blood brothers.
This latter development coincided with and reflected dramatic new (but short-lived) developments in Maltese foreign policy: Western media reported that Malta appeared to be turning its back on NATO, the United Kingdom, and Europe generally; Libya had loaned several million dollars to Malta to make up for the loss of rental income which followed the closure of British military bases in Malta; Malta and Libya had entered into a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty, in response to repeated overtures by Gaddafi for a closer, more formal union between the two countries.
The Phoenician origins theory
Some recent studies carried out by geneticists Spencer Wells and Pierre Zalloua of the American University of Beirut collected samples of Y-chromosomes from men living in the Middle East, North Africa, southern Spain, and Malta, places the Phoenicians are known to have settled and traded.
According to the study, more than half (50%) of the Y chromosome lineages that are seen in today's Maltese population could have come in with the Phoenicians.
As to why there is such a significant genetic impact, Wells could only speculate, "but the results are consistent with a settlement of people from the Levant within the past 2,000 years, and that points to the Phoenicians."
The Phoenician background of the Maltese suggests possible tenuous cultural, religious, and linguistic links to Lebanese Maronites, (whom are also descended from Phoenicians revealed during National Geographic's Special), who speak a variety of Arabic, and are Christian.
The Sicilian or Calabrian theory
This "Phoenician origins" theory has been contradicted by at least one major study, which found that "the contemporary males of Malta most likely originated from Southern Italy, including Sicily and up to Calabria," and that "[t]here is a minuscule amount of input from the Eastern Mediterranean with genetic affinity to Christian Lebanon."
One of the authors of this study commented as follows on the Wells/Zalloua study:
"We are aware of conflicting conclusions published as an interview in the popular National Geographic magazine.
Despite an intensive search we cannot find them reproduced in the mainstream scientific literature.
We consider that data somewhat flawed, and furthermore, unsound.
National Geographic is not a peer-reviewed academic journal and thus the weight of the evidence is poor compared to other peer-reviewed academic journals that are also in the public domain.
One cannot be comfortable with data that have not passed the scrutiny of peer review....
[I]t seems to me that the simplest explanation that cannot be excluded by any of the scientific data thus far available is that Malta was indeed barely inhabited at the turn of the tenth century.
Repopulation is likely to have occurred by a clan or clans (possibly of Arab or Arab-like speaking people) from neighbouring Sicily and Calabria.
Possibly, they could have mixed with minute numbers of residual inhabitants, with a constant input of immigrants from neighbouring countries and later, even from afar.
There seems to be little input from North Africa."
About the Maltese people
Statistics for the Maltese People
Anything related to Malta
Maltese (dog), a dog breed
Maltese (goat), a goat breed
The first chemical treatment for curling hair that was suitable for use on people was invented in the year 1906 by the German hairdresser Karl Nessler (1872-1951).
He used a mixture of cow urine and water.
The first public demonstration took place on October 8, 1906, but Nessler had been working on the idea since 1896.
Previously, wigs had been set with caustic chemicals to form curls, but these recipes were too harsh to use on human skin.
Pictures of Nessler's permanent curling machine
Disulphide bonds in hair
The chemistry of a permanent wave
Old advertisement for Toni brand perm
Getting a perm in 1950 (demonstration)
An audiophile is a person who cares about how good music sounds on a stereo or other high fidelity sound system.
An audiophile is interested in how to improve the sound quality of sound recordings, such as vinyl records and Compact Discs, as well as the equipment used to listen to recordings such as CD players, amplifiers and loudspeakers.
Audiophiles are always looking for ways to improve their sound system.
There are discussion forums, magazines and clubs for audiophiles to share their ideas.
Some audiophiles believe that differences should be able to be measured in a scientific way.
This type of audiophile is called an "objectivist".
Other audiophiles believe that "what sounds better" or "more musical" may not be measurable.
They rely mostly on their own ears and preferences.
This type of audiophile is called a "subjectivist".
The Audio Critic - Thirty-year publication, now online only, with in-depth independent verification of vendors' claims.
The Audio Press - Criticism of industry, magazines, and reviewers.
Audiophilia - Online magazine featuring high-end audio equipment and music reviews.
Enjoy the Music.com - High-end audio equipment, music reviews, show reports, and information.
Positive Feedback Online - Print magazine that merged with audioMUSINGS and morphed into an online forum for the audio arts.
Science and Subjectivism in Audio   Technically-detailed article by Douglas Self.
6Moons.com - Online magazine.
StereoTimes - Equipment reviews and articles of general interest to audiophiles.
TNT-Audio - Non-profit, Internet high-fidelity review.
Barbelo is a goddess in Gnosticsm.
She is also called Thought, Providence, Forethought, or Foreknowledge.
She is  believed to be the first emanation of Bythos.
Relation to other systems of thought
The Gnostic account of Barbelo is quite similar to Tantric thought.
In Kashmir Shaivism, Shakti is similarly the second Tattva or first emanation of Shiva.
The Nag Hammadi Library.
The Apocryphon of John Retrieved Oct. 21, 2004.
Perm (, pronounced:pʲɛrʲmʲ) is a city and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia.
It lies on the banks of the Kama River, at the foot of the Ural Mountains.
Perm is one of the largest cities in Russia, with 976,116 (2006 est.)
inhabitants, fewer than the  1,001,653 recorded in the 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in the 1989 Census.
In 2021, six people were killed in a mass shooting.
The city is a major administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center.
The leading industries include machinery, defence, oil production (about 3% of Russian output), oil refining, chemical and petrochemical, timber and wood processing and the food industry.
Louisville, Kentucky, United States (1994)
Oxford, United Kingdom (1995)
Duisburg, Germany (2007)
FC Amkar Perm, the football club based in Perm, playing in the Russian Premier League
Molot-Prikame Perm, ice hockey club playing in the Russian Hockey Super League
PBC Ural Great, the basketball club based in Perm, playing in the Russian Basketball Super League
Perm regional server
The Official Website of the Perm Municipal Duma
The heritage of Perm Region
Perm Chamber of Commerce and Industry
The Western Ural Photographic Album
History of Perm
Perm and Perm Region Information on Kommersant Publishing webpage (also, see all other Russian subjects of the Federation)
The city of Perm - The poem of the town
Perm State University
Perm for travelers Sights of Perm and Perm's region
General info on the city of Perm
Perm, a city in Russia
Perm Krai, a federal subject of Russia
Perm Oblast, a former federal subject of Russia
Permian, a geologic period
Permanent wave, a hair treatment
Perm, a historic region in Russia, approximately comprising the modern Perm Krai and the Komi Republic, between the 13th and 17th centuries
Permutation (mathematics)
PERM, an early computer
Perm (unit), a unit of permeance (gas or vapor transmission) in materials and membranes.
PERM, Form ETA 9089, the permanent labor certification issued by the U.S. Department of Labor which allows an employer to hire a foreign worker to work permanently in the United States.
Replaces the old Labor Certification, Form ETA 750 A and B.
In Buddhist thought, bodhicitta is the motivation of a bodhisattva.
The word bodhicitta combines the words for enlightenment (Bodhi) and  mind (Citta).
It is sometimes translated as mind of enlightenment.
Bodhicitta is taught to be the intent to become enlightened, not for oneself, but for the benefit of all beings.
In Hinduism and Buddhism, a dakini is a female being like a goddess.
They are mostly found in Tibetan Buddhism.
Chinese: 空行母, Pinyin: Kōngxíng Mǔ and 狐仙,Pinyin:Hú xian ;明妃,Pinyin:Míng fēi｝ The dakini inspires spiritual practice.
A dakini is often depicted as beautiful and naked.
The nakedness represents the freedom of the mind.
The Chinese and Tibetan terms for dakini literally mean "she who travels in the sky"; this is sometimes written poetically as "sky dancer".
Their bodies are depicted curved in sinuous dance poses.
Dakinis are associated with energy.
They are linked with the revelation of the path of transformation.
They help people to change the energy of negative emotions, called poisons (kleshas), into enlightened awareness.
Images tend to show the dakini as a young, naked figure in a dancing posture, often holding a skull cup filled with menstrual blood or the elixir of life in one hand, and a curved knife in the other.
She may wear a garland of human skulls, with a trident staff leaning against her shoulder.
Her hair is usually wild and hanging down her back, and her face often wrathful in expression, as she dances on top of a corpse, which represents her complete mastery over ego and ignorance.
Tibetan Buddhists believe that a Dakini gave a black hat to the third Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje (1284 - 1339), when he was three years old.
The Black Crown became the emblem of this Tibetan lineage known as the Karma Kagyu.
Beyer, Stephen (1973).
The Cult of Tara: Magic and Ritual in Tibet.
English, Elizabeth (2002).
Vajrayogini: Her Visualizations, Rituals, and Forms.
Wisdom Publications.
Norbu, Thinley (1981).
Magic Dance: The Display of the Self Nature of the Five Wisdom Dakinis.
Jewel Publishing House, 2nd edition.
Padmasambhava, translated by Erik Pema Kunsang (1999) Dakini Teachings.
Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 2nd edition.
Simmer-Brown, Judith (2001).
Dakini's Warm Breath: The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism.
Shambhala Publications.
Yeshe, Lama (2001).
Introduction to Tantra : The Transformation of Desire.
Wisdom Publications, revised edition.
Dakini and the Female Spirit
Dakini on khandro.net
Dattatreya is the God who is an incarnation of the Divine Trinity Brahma, Vishnu and Siva.
The word Datta means "Given", Datta is called so because the divine trinity have "given" themselves in the form of a son to the sage couple Guru Atri and Mata Anusuya.
He is the son of Guru Atri, hence the name "Atreya."
In the Nath tradition, Dattatreya is seen as an Avatar or incarnation of the Lord Shiva and as the Adi-Guru (First Teacher) of the Adi-Nath sampradaya of the Nathas.
Although Dattatreya was at first a "Lord of Yoga" with Tantric traits, he was adapted and assimilated into the more devotional cults; while still worshiped by millions of Hindus, he is approached more as a benevolent God than as a teacher of the highest essence of Indian thought.
Dattatreya as a historical figure
Though the Dattatreya of the Natha tradition coexisted and intermingled with the Puranic, Brahmanical tradition of the Datta sampradaya, here we shall focus almost exclusively on the earlier Tantric manifestation of Datta.
Shri Gurudev Mahendranath had no doubt that Dattatreya was an historical figure.
He stated that Datta was born on Wednesday, the fourteenth day of the full moon in the month of Margasirsa, though he does not mention the year.
Dattatreya left home at an early age to wander naked in search of the Absolute.
He seems to have spent most of his life wandering in the area between and including North Mysore, through the Maharashtra, and into Gujarat as far as the Narmada River.
He attained realization at a place not far from the town now known as Ganagapur.
The original footprints of Datta are believed to be located on the lonely peak at Mount Girnar.
The Tripura-rahasya refers to the disciple Parasurama finding Datta meditating on Gandhamadana mountain.
The Tripura-rahasya (The Secret of [the Goddess] Tripura) is believed to be an abbreviated version of the original Datta Samhita or Dakshinamurti Samhita traditionally ascribed to Dattatreya.
This more lengthy work was summarized by Dattatreya's disciple Parasurama, whose disciple, Sumedha Haritayana, scribed the text.
Thus, this text is sometimes referred to as the Haritayana Samhita.
The Tripura-rahasya is divided into three parts.
The first part, the Mahatmya Khanda or section on the goddess is concerned with the origin, mantra and yantra of the Goddess Tripura, also known as Lalita or Lalita Tripurasundari.
The Jnana Khanda or section on knowledge elaborates on the themes of consciousness, manifestation, and liberation.
The last part, Charya Khanda or section on conduct, has been lost and some believe destroyed.
Another work, the Avadhuta Gita (Song of the Free) is a wonderful, compete compilation of the highest thought given to and recorded by two of Dattatreya's disciples, Swami and Kartika.
Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) held it in high esteem.
Originally a work of seven chapters, a spurious and misogynistic eighth chapter may be a later attempt to append sexual morality to the Natha tradition by a conservative ascetic.
Some of the ideas in this Gita are however common to both Shaivite and Buddhist Tantras.
The Markandeya Purana reports that Dattatreya, to free himself of all attachments, dove into a lake where he stayed for many years.
By doing so, he also hoped to evade an assembly of Munis who remained on the banks of the lake awaiting his return.
Datta emerged from the water naked in the company of a beautiful woman.
The text relates that he made love with her (maithuna), drank liquor, and enjoyed singing and music.
In spite of this, the Munis did not abandon him, and Dattatraya, accompanied by his shakti, continued to engage in these practices and was meditated on by those longing for moksha.
In the Bhagavata Purana Dattatreya enumerates a list of his twenty-four gurus: earth, air, sky / ether, water, fire, sun, moon, python, pigeons, sea, moth, bee, bull elephant, bear, deer, fish, osprey, a child, a maiden, a courtesan, a blacksmith, serpent, spider, and wasp.
The image of the Natha ranged from that of a siddha living in the woods with animals, to that of a frightening, even demonic, being.
In The Pathless Path to Immortality, Shri Gurudev Mahendranath writes:
"Shri Dattatreya was a dropout of an earlier age than the period when Veda and Tantra merged to become one simple cult.
It was men like Dattatreya who helped to make this possible.
Three of his close disciples were kings, one an Asura and the other two both belonging to the warrior caste.
Dattatreya himself was regarded as an avatar of Maheshwara (Shiva) but later was claimed by Vaishnavites as the avatar of Vishnu.
Not such a sectarian claim as it appears; Hindus regard Shiva and Vishnu as the same or as manifestations of the Absolute taking form."
Indeed, the Dattatreya Upanisad, which opens proclaiming Dattatreya's identity with Vishnu, ends with the mantra Om Namah Shivaya, identifying Datta with Shiva.
In the last portion of the third chapter, Mahesvara (Shiva) alone is said to pervade reality and shine in every heart of man.
He alone is in front, behind, to the left, to the right, below, above, everywhere the center.
Finally, Mahesvara is identified with Dattatreya, depicting the latter as an Avatar of Shiva.
Dattatreya as a devotional deity
Dattatreya is usually depicted with three heads, symbolising Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva; past, present, and future; and the three states of consciousness: waking, dreaming, and dreamless sleep.
He is portrayed sitting in meditation with his shakti beneath the audumbara (wish-fulfilling) tree.
In front of him is a fire pit, and around him are four dogs.
These are sometimes said to symbolise the four Vedas.
Mahendranath, Shri Gurudev.
Notes on Pagan India .
Retrieved Oct. 14, 2004.
The Pathless Path to Immortality .
Rigopoulos, Antonio (1998).
Dattatreya: The Immortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara.
New York: State University of New York Press. .
Information on Shri Dattatreya - Datta Guru
Gnosticism is a group of religious ideas from around the 1st century. ""
is the ancient Greek word for "knowledge", but now more closely means "esoteric knowledge".
Gnostic ideas were a main part of early Christianity before being persecuted by other Christians.
Gnostic ideas are also found in sects of Judaism and Islam, as well as in alchemy and other kinds of esotericism.
The word "Gnostic" was mostly used by people who were against these ideas.
For this reason, some researchers have said that Gnosticism is a  of many separate religious movements.
There are many problems for people who research Gnosticism:
Many Gnostic teachings were esoteric, meaning they were kept secret or hidden
A lot of what is known about Gnostic beliefs came from attacks written by non-Gnostic Christians
Almost all Gnostic writings were destroyed by non-Gnostic Christians who wanted to wipe them out
Gnosticism says that humans are divine souls trapped in the ordinary physical (or material) world.
They say that the world was made by an imperfect spirit.
The imperfect spirit is thought to be the same as the God of Abraham.
The imperfect spirit may be seen as evil, or sometimes just not perfect but doing the best it can.
The real God who is good, is distant and not easy to know.
In order to get free from the material world, a person has to get gnosis.
That is the special secret knowledge given only to a few special people.
Some Gnostic groups saw Jesus as sent by the supreme being, to bring gnosis to the Earth.
Ancient Gnosticism
Religious Tolerance - A survey of Gnosticism
Sacred Wisdom  - Gnosticism and Christian Esotericism
Early Christian Writings - primary texts
The Gnostic Society Library
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gnosticism
Introduction to Gnosticism
Jewish Encyclopedia: Gnosticism
Proto-Gnostic elements in the Gospel according to John
Gnostic version of the Bible and more on Gnostics
Catholic Encyclopedia: Gnosticism
Contemporary Gnosticism
The Alexandrian Gnostic Church
Apostolic Johannite Church
Ecclesia Gnostica (Gnosis Archive)
Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin (;  ;  – ) was a Russian peasant, and a mystical faith healer.
He was not a monk who lived in a monastery, but a religious pilgrim.
In 1904 he arrived in the capital St Petersburg.
The Tsar and Tsarina talked many times with Rasputin and asked for advice as he became their spiritual guide.
Rasputin had a lot of influence over Tsarina Alexandra, the wife of Tsar Nicholas II, the emperor of Imperial Russia.
Alexandra believed that Rasputin was the answer to her worries.
Her only son, Tsarevich Alexei, the heir to the throne was very sick.
He had hemophilia.
It caused heavy bleeding and pain in his groin and legs each time he fell.
Rasputin calmed the boy and the parents.
From then on, Alexandra believed Rasputin was the only person who could heal her son with his prayers.
Because of this, the Tsar and his family began to trust Rasputin more with important decisions on politics.
Rasputin did not support the Tsar when he decided to lead his country into World War I. In July 1914, during a stay in his home village, he was stabbed in his belly by a female conspirator Khioniya Guseva.
After seven weeks, Rasputin recovered and went back to the capital.
There he lived with his two daughters, who went to school in the capital.
In August 1915, the Tsar decided to lead the country's army himself, and replace his cousin Grand Duke Nikolai.
Almost nobody supported him, except Alexandra and Rasputin.
Many Russian politicians and nobles became very worried about Rasputin's influence.
While the Tsar was at the front, Alexandra and Rasputin took many bad decisions.
They proposed to the Tsar, extremely shy and weak-willed, the replacement of several ministers with ones that supported peace.
At the end of 1916, Imperial Russia was in a chaotic state.
In the big cities there was almost nothing to eat or heat.
All the trains were used to supply the army.
Some politicians in the parliament decided to attack Alexandra and Rasputin.
Their goal was to go on with the war, even though there were heavy losses and a lack of weapons and ammunition.
In the night of 30 December 1916, Rasputin was led into the Yusupov palace's basement.
He was offered wine.
When he got drunk, he was shot twice by Prince Felix Yusupov.
One shot went into his right kidney and then into his spine.
He climbed some stairs and staggered out of the palace through a back door.
Rasputin was shot again in the courtyard.
To be sure he was dead, he was shot in the forehead at close range. (
Nobody knows who fired that shot.)
Grand Duke Dmitri drove the conspirators to the Neva River.
There they dropped his body from the bridge.
In the meantime, Prince Felix had killed his favorite dog, to cover the blood in the courtyard.
A few days later Rasputin's body, completely frozen, was found stuck in the ice.
The next day the corpse was buried in a park next to the Alexander Palace.
After the February Revolution, the new leaders decided to dig up his body to prevent it from becoming a place of worship; and eventually burned it.
Originally in London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Grimoire is a book of witchcraft or paranormal magic.
The word is pronounced "grim-warr", which rhymes with "guitar".
The word is a mistaken way of saying grammar.
It probably started being used in a time when not many people could read.
Then any book might be thought to contain instructions for magic.
Hermeticism is the study and practice of occult philosophy and magic.
The name comes from the fact that the first books about Hermeticism  are said to have been written by the god Hermes Trismegistus ("Thrice-Greatest Hermes"), who combines aspects of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth.
Hermeticism is also connected with astrology and alchemy.
These beliefs were strong in Europe during the Renaissance.
The Hermetic Corpus was translated by Marsilio Ficino in 1463 and published in 1471.
At this time, the Hermetic Corpus was thought to be older than both Plato and Pythagoras.
In 1614, Isaac Causabon showed that the texts were actually written sometime between 200 and 300 AD.
This view was based on careful study of the way language was used in the original writings.
Hermeticism was revived in the 19th century in Western Europe.
The most famous group involved in this revival was the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.
The Illuminati (the “enlightened ones”) was a late 18th century German political secret society.
Adam Weishaupt, a Bavarian philosopher and lawyer, started the secret society on the 1st of May 1776 at the university of ingolstat.
In 1785 it was outlawed in Bavaria.
Originally, they opposed superstition, prejudice, religious influence over public life, and abuses of state power.
They supported women’s education and gender equality.
Later, other groups formed using the same name.
There is no evidence that these present-day groups have any significant power or influence.
They promote themselves using the Bavarian Illuminati to attract membership.
1776 establishments
1785 disestablishments
The Simputer is a small, cheap device, similar to personal digital assistant (palmtop).
The unique feature of this device is a smart-card interface which allows a single Simputer to be used by many users.
User's private data might be kept on a cheap smart-card.
This device was constructed by Indian company- Simputer Trust.
The name stands for "Simple computer".
The Simputer project was invented during the organization of the Global Village, an International Seminar on Information Technology for Developing Countries.
It was conducted in October 1998.
The discussion was about big need for a low-cost mass access device which will bring local-language IT to the masses.
During inventing a name for new established original device, the purpose was to find complex acronym to fit the name Simputer.
Thus Simputer is a Simple, Inexpensive, Multi-lingual comPUTER.
Later it was expanded to Simple, Inexpensive Multi-lingual People's compUTER.
Now it is also called "computer for the masses".
It is architecturally similar to the Linux Advanced Radio Terminal and the Intel StrongARM reference platform.
It has processor Intel StrongARM 200+ MHz, 64MB of RAM, 32MB Flash ROM and may use cheap smart-cards with capacity 8KB.
It has also USB connectivity and software modem so might be connect to the internet.
320x240 LCD interface in Simputer is with a touch panel overlay on liquid-crystal display.
Operating system runs on a version of the Linux Kernel (computer science).
Type of the software used in Simputer is text-to-speech.
This tool may use speakers and microphone because it has special jacks.
It has also built-in Infrared Data Association (IrDA) port.
The device is powered by 3 AAA sized NiMH batteries.
Licensees
The Simputer Trust has licensed to manufacturers to produce devices based on the Simputer.
These companies are: PicoPeta Simputers and Encore Technologies.
Future prospects
The tool developed is very generic and has similarities to many other countries.
It is ideally suited for developing and under developed countries like: India, Azerbaijan, Mauritius, Mongolia, Ghana, Uzbekistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Thailand or Vietnam.
http://www.simputer.org/simputer/history/
http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/digitalbridges/materials/marwaha_paper.pdf (International  Cooperation in the ICT Field: Bridging the Digital Divide)
http://indic-computing.sourceforge.net/designaxes/analysis.html
http://www.simputer.org/simputer/about/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1535992.stm
http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=85140
http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Systems/Handhelds/Open_Source/Simputer/
http://www.amidasimputer.com/
http://www.picopeta.com/
http://www.rediff.com/money/2001/apr/24spec.htm
http://www.ncoretech.com/products/ia/simputer/index.html
It was created in 1989 by Labour Party members who were trying to change section 28 of the Local Government Act.
Many famous people, such as Sir Ian McKellen and Michael Cashman were among those who made it.
Stonewall is in London.
Stonewall Scotland has offices in Edinburgh and Glasgow and Stonewall Cymru is based in both Cardiff and Bangor in North Wales.
Stonewall showed ideas for change to the government.
It did not start out as a membership organisation.
Since Labour came into power in 1997, however, it has now become active in developing policy (political ideas) to protect the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.
Some of Stonewall's best known early work was backing legal test cases in the European Court of Human Rights.
teenager Chris Morris, who successfully challenged the unequal age of consent laws.
Duncan Lustig-Prean, Jeanette Smith, Graham Grady and John Beckett, who successfully challenged the ban on gays in the military.
Lisa Grant, who sued her employer, South West Trains, for equal pay and benefits.
In the last few years it was successful in parliamentary lobbying.
Its previous director Angela Mason (1992 to 2002) was awarded an OBE "for services to homosexual rights".
Under her direction, Stonewall persuaded parliament to change the 2002 Adoption and Children Bill so that lesbian and gay couples were treated the same as heterosexuals.
Under its current Chief Executive, Ben Summerskill, it was closely involved in successful parliamentary campaigns to repeal Section 28 of the Local Government Act (2003); make attacks on gay people separate crimes (that is, anti-gay hate crimes), through the Criminal Justice Act 2003; introduce the Civil Partnership Act 2004 giving gay and lesbian couples "civil union" almost the same as a civil marriage; and introduce the "2007 Sexual Orientation Regulations" under the Equality Act 2006, to stop discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation.
Stonewall helps 300 big employers across Britain by giving advice and support to lesbian and gay staff.
These companies include IBM, Credit Suisse, the Inland Revenue and the Royal Navy.
The "Education for All" campaign was started in 2005.
Stonewall and 70 other organsiations help to stop homophobic bullying in British schools.
Section 28 of the Local government Act made any sort of teaching about homosexuality difficult, and the Education for All campaign started after section 28 was repealed.
Grass-roots activists such as Peter Tatchell have accused Stonewall of allowing discrimination by holding regular meetings of celebrities and politicians.
The meetings were supported by big businesses such as HSBC, even though HSBC is accused of dismissing someone because of their sexual orientation.
Stonewall supported the Civil Partnership bill.
Many other groups did not, and they formed a group called the "Coalition for Marriage Equality", saying that the new Civil Partnership Bill made a separate yet equal system "not unlike apartheid".
Many LGBT people who were not part of these groups liked the bill, and Stonewall got a lot of new members.
Now Stonewall gets more money from its 10,000 individual supporters than it does money from its business supporters.
Stonewall official site
Stonewall Cymru
Stonewall Scotland
1989 establishments in the United Kingdom
LGBT organisations in the United Kingdom
LGBT politics in the United Kingdom
James Branch Cabell (1879 – 1958) was an American writer.
He wrote fantasy fiction.
His name is pronounced "CAB-ble".
Cabell was born and lived most of his life in Richmond, Virginia.
He spent the winters in Florida until the death of his first wife in 1949.
He retired in Florida.
Cabell was born into a rich Virginian family.
His father, Robert Gamble Cabell II (1847–1922), was a physician.
His mother, Anne Harris (1859–1915), was the daughter of Col.
and Mrs James R. Branch.
Cabell's great-grandfather, William H. Cabell, was Governor of Virginia from 1805 to 1808.
Cabell was the oldest of three boys .
His brothers were Robert Gamble Cabell III (1881–1968) and John Lottier Cabell (1883–1946).
His parents separated and were later divorced in 1907.
He went to the College of William and Mary in 1894 at the age of fifteen.
He graduated in 1898.
While an undergraduate, Cabell taught French and Greek at the college.
Ellen Glasgow, a writer and close friend of Cabell said that he had a friendship with a professor at the college which some people thought was "too intimate".
Because of this, Cabell had to leave the college.
He was later allowed back and finished his degree.
Cabell worked from 1898 to 1900 as a newspaper reporter in New York City.
He returned to Richmond in 1901.
In Richmond, he worked several months for the Richmond News.
Many things happened to Cabell in 1901.
His first stories were accepted for publication.
It was believed for a short time that Cabell murdered John Scott, a rich person in Richmond.
There was a rumor that Scott was "involved" with Cabell's mother.
In 1902, seven of his stories appeared in national magazines.
Over the ten years, he wrote many short stories and articles.
These were published in well-known magazines including Harper's Monthly Magazine and the Saturday Evening Post.
Between 1911 and 1913, he worked for his uncle in the office of the Branch coal mines in West Virginia.
On November 8, 1913, he married Priscilla Bradley Shepherd.
She was a widow with five children from an earlier marriage.
In 1915, Priscilla gave birth to a son, Ballard Hartwell Cabell.
Priscilla died in March of 1949.
In June 1950, Cabell married Margaret Waller Freeman.
During his life, Cabell published fifty-two books.
These included novels, genealogy, collections of short stories, poetry, and miscellanea.
He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1937.
Today, the modern languages house and an endowed law professorship at the College of William and Mary are named for him.
Cabell died of a cerebral hemorrhage.
He is buried in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond.
In 1970, Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond named its main campus library "James Branch Cabell Library".
In the 1970s, Cabell's library and personal papers were moved from his home on Monument Avenue to the James Branch Cabell Library.
The collection includes some 3,000 volumes, manuscripts, notebooks and scrapbooks, periodicals, letters (including conversations with noted writers such as H.L. Mencken, Ellen Glasgow, Sinclair Lewis and Theodore Dreiser), newspaper clippings, photographs, criticisms, printed material, publishers' agreements and statements of sales.
The VCU undergraduate literary journal at the university is named Poictesme after the fictional province in his book Jurgen.
Cabell published about fifty books.
Most of these are not well known.
His eighth book, Jurgen, (1919) was the most popular.
The hero, Jurgen, goes on a journey through ever more fantastic places.
He even goes to hell and heaven.
Everywhere he goes, he seduces the local women, even the Devil's wife.
The book was seen as being bad by the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice.
They tried to bring a prosecution for obscenity.
The case went on for two years before Cabell and his publishers won.
Many of the things in the book were double entendres.
They had one meaning which was bad and also had a decent meaning.
It appeared that what had actually offended the prosecution most was a joke about papal infallibility.
Cabell took an author's revenge.
The new edition of 1926 included a 'lost' section which was not in the earlier version.
In it, the hero is put on trial by the Philistines.
A large dung beetle is the chief prosecutor.
Other works include Figures of Earth.
This introduces Manuel the Redeemer.
He took control of a realm by playing on others' expectations.
His motto is Mundus Vult Decipi.
This means 'the world wishes to be deceived'.
The Silver Stallion is a sequel.
It deals with the adventures of the knights in Manuel's company after he left them.
Cabell is now forgotten by most people but his work affected later writers of fantasy fiction.
Robert Heinlein's Job, A comedy of Justice has an appearance of the Slavic god Koschei (from Jurgen).
Fritz Leiber's Swords of Lankhmar was also affected by Jurgen.
Jack Vance's Dying Earth books show a similar style to Cabell's writing.
Cugel the Clever in those books is very similar to Jurgen.
James Branch Cabell Library  (Virginia Commonwealth University)
Poictesme, Virginia Commonwealth University's literary journal
Cabell works online
Domnei  (Litrix Reading Room)
Jurgen: A Comedy of Justice (University of Virginia)
The Cream of The Jest  (University of Wisconsin)
Chronology of James Branch Cabell's Published Works
People from Richmond, Virginia
Gela is a city in the Italian region of Sicily.
It is in the province of Caltanissetta in the south of Sicily.
The city is at about 84km from the province's capital of Caltanissetta, on the Mediterranean Sea.
The city has a larger population than the capital and is second largest in land area.
Gela is an important industrial city and port town.
One important industry that is located here is that of petroleum refinery.
The city can be reached from other cities, like Syracuse and Caltanissetta, by train.
Kamasutra (), also known in Western countries as the Kama Sutra, is an ancient Indian book on love.
It was written by Mallanaga Vatsyayana.
Part of the book deals with human sexual behavior.
Lu Sheng-Yen (盧勝彥, Lú Shèngyàn) (27 June 1945),  is the founder and spiritual leader of the True Buddha School, which is a religious group with teachings taken from Taoism and Buddhism.
He is called Master Lu by his followers.
Within his sect, he is also known as Living Buddha Lian Sheng (蓮生活佛, Liansheng Huófó).
He is worshipped by his followers as a Living Buddha.
His organization says that over five million students have taken Buddhist refuge under Lu.
There are also more than three hundred local chapters of the True Buddha School, including thirty major temples, such as the Ling Shen Ching Tze Temple in Redmond, Washington, where he lives now.
Many of his followers are from Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia.
Lu is married to Lian Hsiang, who is also a vajra master.
She is referred as Grand Madam Lu.
Lu and Lian Hsiang have two children.
Lu was born in Chiayi County, Taiwan in 1945.
He was raised a Christian and attended a Protestant school.
His post-secondary education was at Chung Cheng Institute of Technology.
He graduated with a degree in Survey Engineering.
In his early twenties he was both a survey engineer and a Sunday school Bible teacher.
Lu has written that he had a mystical experience in 1969.
This lead him to seek out a total of twenty-one human gurus in Taoism, Sutra, and Tantra.
In 1982, Lu moved to the United States, and lived in the state of Washington.
According to his website, he went into hiding in Tahiti for six years starting late 2000 and lived in Taichung, Taiwan.
Today he lives in the state of Washington.
Lu teaches the Mahamudra way of attaining enlightenment.
His teachings follow the traditional stages of the practice of the Four Preliminaries, followed by Guru Yoga, Deity Yoga, the Vajra Practices, and finally Highest Yoga Tantra.
Lu has written that his spiritual gurus included the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje and Tai Situ Rinpoche.
According to Noah Casey, Lu's teachings do not prohibit the consumption of meat and alcohol; however, "The consumption of alcohol is limited to quantities not resulting in intoxication, and the eating of meat is restricted to animals not butchered especially for the person consuming.
Before consuming either of these, or any other nutritional substance, a special prayer is required.
For meats, the spirit of the animal must be delivered."
This is consistent with the Vajrayana traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.
Lu made headlines during an investigation by the Washington State Public Disclosure Commission into his cash donations to  Chinese American politician Gary Locke, who Lu had hoped would run for President of the United States.
Locke was cleared of any wrongdoing by the commission in 1998.<ref name="weekly">Anderson, Rick.
Sex and the buddha  in the Seattle Weekly, 5 September 2001.</ref>
He was also sued in civil court by a former disciple, who called herself SHC, a 41-year-old Malaysian immigrant, over claims of sexual misconduct, after the King County, Washington prosecutor declined to file charges for lack of evidence.
The case was dismissed by King County Superior Court Judge Kathleen Learned citing constitutional issues.
In the case S.H.C. v. Sheng-Yen Lu, the Superior Court of King County granted the Temple's motion for summary judgment, and the Court of Appeals later "affirm[ed] the trial court's grant of summary judgment dismissing all claims against the Temple."
Casey, Noah.
The True Buddha School: A Field Research Report on The Chan Hai Lei Zang Temple''.
Montreal Religious Sites Project.
True Buddha School Net (Official site)
Taiwanese people
Writers from Washington
The Australian Open is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments.
It is the first one of the year.
It is played in Melbourne, Australia.
The Australian Open has been played on three different surfaces:
Grass (1905–1987)
Rebound Ace (a type of hard court, 1988–2007)
Plexicushion (a faster type of hard court, (2008–present)
Before 1983, many of the best tennis players did not play at the tournament.
This was because the Australian Open was far away from Europe and North America and was not considered as important as the other Grand Slam tournaments.
Heat policy
The tournament is played in January, during the Australian summer.
In 1998 an extreme heat rule was brought in.
It is the only major tournament that has a heat policy.
If the temperature gets higher than 35 degrees (C) matches may have to be stopped for a short time, because players feel dehydrated.
Matches on the outside courts are stopped.
The roof over the main stadium courts can be closed, and cooling systems turned on.
In 2007 the temperature on the courts reached 50 degrees Celsius.
2019 Novak Djokovic and Naomi Osaka
2018 Roger Federer and Caroline Wozniacki
2017 Roger Federer and Serena Williams
2016 Novak Djokovic and Angelique Kerber
2015 Novak Djokovic and Serena Williams
2014 Stan Wawrinka and Li Na
2013 Novak Djokovic and Victoria Azarenka
2012 Novak Djokovic and Victoria Azarenka
2011 Novak Djokovic and Kim Clijsters
2010 Roger Federer and Serena Williams
2009 Rafael Nadal and Serena Williams
2008 Novak Djokovic and Maria Sharapova
2007 Roger Federer and Serena Williams
2006 Roger Federer and Amélie Mauresmo
2005 Marat Safin and Serena Williams
2004 Roger Federer and Justine Henin-Hardenne
Australian Open website
Tennis tournaments in Australia
Grand Slam tennis tournaments
1905 establishments
1900s establishments in Australia
Adrian Willaert (pronounce: AH-dree-ahn VIL-art), (born Flanders about 1490; died Venice, 7 December  1562) was a Flemish composer in the Renaissance period.
He was one of the most important composers of his time.
He went to Italy when he was young and spent the rest of his life there.
He belonged to the group of composers who lived and worked in Venice at the time, and who were known as the “Venetian School”.
He may have been born in Bruges which is now in Belgium, although we are not sure.
One of his students, Gioseffo Zarlino, who became a well-known music theorist, said that Willaert went to Paris first to study law, but then decided to study music.
In Paris he met Jean Mouton, the main composer of the French royal chapel, and studied with him.
Mouton taught him to write music in the style of Josquin, whose music was very polyphonic with the voices imitating one another a lot.
Sometime around 1515 Willaert first went to Rome.
There is a story, which is probably true, that Willaert was surprised to find the Pope’s choir singing something he had composed.
The choir thought it had been composed by Josquin, who was very famous by then.
When the young Willaert told them that he himself was the composer, the choir did not believe the young man, and refused to sing it again.
In July 1515, Willaert worked for the Cardinal Ippolito I d'Este of Ferrara.
Ippolito liked to travel, and he often took Willaert and other musicians with him to places such as Hungary, where he probably spent two years, from 1517 to 1519.
When Ippolito died in 1520, Willaert worked for Duke Alfonso d'Este of Ferrara.
In 1522 Willaert had a job at the court chapel of Duke Alfonso; he stayed there until 1525.
Willaert then got the most important musical job in the whole of Europe at that time: he became maestro di cappella (director of music) at the church of St. Mark's at Venice.
The director who had been there before had not been very good, so Willaert made the music in that church really great again.
He stayed in that job until his death.
He was very famous and young composers came from all over Europe to study with him and learn how to be a composer.
Musical style and influence
Stanley Sadie.
20 vol.
London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.
1562 deaths
Sydney Harbour (also called Port Jackson) is a natural harbour on the East Coast of Australia in Sydney.
It is the location of the  Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
Before the arrival of European settlers, the area surrounding Sydney Harbour was home to a variety of aboriginal tribes, including members of the Gadigal, Cammeraygal, Eora and Wanegal tribes.
It is believed (source?)
that the Gadigal people once lived in the area heading from the south side of Port Jackson (South Head, Watsons Bay) and west in a semi circle through Petersham.
The Cammeraygal tribe lived on the northern side of Sydney Harbour and the Wanegal tribe owned the area on the southern side of the Parramatta River, just west of Petersham and through to Rose Hill.
The Eora tribe lived on the southern side of Sydney Harbour, not far from where the First Fleet set up camp.
In 1770, shortly after he left Botany Bay (Kurnell Peninsula), Lt James Cook became the first non-Aboriginal person to visit Sydney Harbour.
Cook named it [Sydney Harbour] after Sir George Jackson.
He did not go into the harbour, but sailed past the entrance (Sydney Heads) on his way north up the East Coast of Australia.
European settlement started on January 26, 1788 when Captain Arthur Phillip and the First Fleet arrived from England.
Phillip brought 732 convicts (prisoners) and a small group of soldiers to start a penal colony.
They landed at a small inlet which they called Sydney Cove after Lord Sydney, who was the British government's Home Secretary.
There are lots of islands inside Sydney Harbour, including Shark Island, Clark Island, Fort Denison, Goat Island, Cockatoo Island, Spectacle Island, Snapper Island and Rodd Island.
Some other former islands, including Bennelong Island, Garden Island and Berry Island are now connected to the mainland by bridge or by landfill.
There are several islands only accessible by boat, for example Fort Denison and Cockatoo Island.
Boat hire operators offer charter trips or self-drive options to these locations.
A Living Harbour A history of Sydney Harbour from ABC Radio National
Bays of Australia
Vex, a robotic construction kit
FIRST Vex Challenge, a robotics competition
Vex (album), an album by Steel Pulse
Vex (brachiopod), a brachiopod genus.
Vex Red, an English rock band
The Vex, a music club started by Self-Help Graphics & Art, Inc.
Z.Vex Fuzz Factory, a brand of fuzz box used for musical effects.
Virgin Express, an airline created by the Virgin Group
From 2001 to 2004, Cyrus starred in the television series Doc.
The series was about a country doctor who moved from Montana to New York City.
He was in the Disney Channel series, Hannah Montana, which he co-starred with his daughter Miley Cyrus.
List of country musicians from Kentucky
Billy Ray Cyrus at CMT.com
Archive of  .
How to Grow a Woman from the Ground is a 2006 album by Chris Thile, who made the album with the How to Grow a Band, credited to Chris Thile.
It was released on September 12, 2006.
The album is named after a song on the album; a cover of a song by American singer Tom Brosseau.
The album got mostly good reviews from important music critics, with some critics saying that the album was “fantastic, eclectic”, and “genius”.
The album got Thile a Grammy Award-nomination in 2007.
Early planning and creation