the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Wantage has a town council consisting of sixteen councillors, twelve of whom  are Liberal Democrats (2007).
It is also part of the district of the Vale of White Horse.
Wantage is connected to Oxford, Didcot, Abingdon and Faringdon by regular bus services.
The fastest public bus journey from Wantage to Oxford takes about 45 minutes, the slowest can take over 1 hour 15 minutes.
King Alfred the Great was born here in the 9th century.
Wantage appears in the Domesday Book of 1086.
Its value was £61 and it was in the king's ownership until 1190.
Troops of the king were stationed in Wantage during the English Civil War.
King Alfred the Great was born in Wantage in 849.
John Betjeman, Poet Laureate from 1972 to 1984, lived in Wantage and his book, 'Archie and the Strict Baptists' is based in the town.
A memorial park has now been established in the town named after him, which includes extracts from his poems in a peaceful wooded area.
Mably in France
Seesen in Germany
Wantage Community Website
Wantage Town Council
Wantage Churches Together
Vale and Downland Museum, Wantage
Royal Berkshire History: Wantage
Wantage Silver Band
King Alfred's School
CTC Wantage Section
Wantage Dive Club
Wantage Choral Society
Wantage Town Football Club
Wantage local bus services
A Haunting was a television program on Discovery Channel.
It was about different hauntings that have occurred in different parts of the U.S. It aired from August 6, 2002 to November 9, 2007.
There were 39 episodes.
The sage (also called wise old man or "Senex") is a character who often appears in literature and mythology.
He is an old man who is very wise.
In times of trouble people go to ask the sage for advice.
The sage is a very calm, intelligent old man.
He is like a father-figure or grandfather-figure.
He gives sensible advice or judgment.
In some stories the sage is seen as"foreign" in some way, that is, he is different from the other people of that culture.
Merlin is a good example of this, as he was only half human.
The psychologist Carl Jung called him a senex.
This is Latin for old man.
Jung sees him as someone who realizes that the young person is going to be the hero of the story, and he himself is just an advisor.
Władysław I Herman (b. ca.
1044 - d. 4 June 1102), was a Duke of Poland from 1079 until his death.
1040s births
1102 deaths
Felipe González Márquez (born 5 March 1942) is a Spanish socialist politician.
He was the General Secretary of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from 1974 to 1997.
To date, he remains the longest-serving Prime Minister of Spain, after having served four successive mandates from 1982 to 1996.
Jayceon Terrell Taylor (born November 29, 1979), better known by his stage name The Game (or simply Game), is an American rapper.
He became famous in 2005 with the success of his debut album, The Documentary, and his two Grammy nominations.
Since then, he is considered to be a driving force in bringing back the West Coast hip hop scene into the mainstream and competing with many of his East Coast counterparts.
The Game released his first mixtape You Know What It Is Vol.
1 in 2002.
Dr Dre.
listened to the mixtape and signed The Game to his Aftermath Entertainment label in 2003.
A song Game made with 9 other rappers called "Don't Shoot" was released on August 27 2014.
Baroness Karen Christenze von Blixen-Finecke (born Dinesen; 17 April 1885 – 7 September 1962) was a Danish author who wrote works in Danish and English.
She is also known under her pen names Isak Dinesen, used in English-speaking countries, Tania Blixen, used in German-speaking countries, Osceola, and Pierre Andrézel.
The village has a post office, village shop, local butchers and the White Hart pub.
There is also a village hall, where meetings and events are held.
Behind the school, Hackleton C of E Primary, is the recreation ground.
It is most commonly known as 'The Rec'.
It has play equipment.
Villages in Northamptonshire
Euptoieta is a genus of butterflies.
Euptoieta belongs in the family Nymphalidae.
Euptoieta bogotana Staudinger, 1885
Euptoieta claudia Cramer, 1775 – Variegated Fritillary
Euptoieta hegesia Cramer, 1779 – Mexican Fritillary
Euptoieta hortensia Blanchard, 1852
Euptoieta perdistincta A. Hall, 1930
Euptoieta poasina  Schaus, 1913
Euptoieta sunides Hewitson, 1877
Euptoieta thekla  A. Hall, 1919
Gerardo Lamas (edited by) (2004).
Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera.
Checklist: Part4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea.
Scientific Publishers, Inc., Gainesville, FL.
Cinnamon Toast Crunch is a cereal made by General Mills.
It has small squares sprinkled with cinnamon and sugar.
It was first made in 1984.
Jerome Bernard "Jerry" Orbach (October 20, 1935 – December 28, 2004) was an American actor and singer.
He was best known as Lennie Briscoe in the Law & Order television series.
Raúl Ramón Mondesí Avelino (born March 12, 1971, in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball player.
Now, he is the mayor of San Cristóbal Province in the Dominican Republic.
He was the National League Rookie of the Year in 1994.
He won Gold Glove Awards in 1995 and 1997 as an outfielder.
Mondesí was first signed by the Los Angeles Dodgers as an amateur in 1988.
He played in the Pioneer League.
His first Major League game was on July 19, 1993.
On November 8, 1999, he was traded by the Dodgers (along with Pedro Borbón, Jr.) to the Toronto Blue Jays for Shawn Green and minor league player Jorge Nunez.
Mondesí was traded by the Blue Jays to the New York Yankees on July 1, 2002 for Scott Wiggins.
The Yankees traded him on July 29, 2003 to the Arizona Diamondbacks for David Dellucci, Bret Prinz and minor leaguer John Prowl.
He signed as a free agent with the Pittsburgh Pirates on February 24, 2004.
He left the team for personal reasons.
The Anaheim Angels signed him on May 30, 2004.
Shortly after, he tore his quadriceps and was placed on the disabled list.
The Atlanta Braves signed Mondesí in 2005.
Cliff Floyd is a baseball player who was born in Chicago, Illinois.
He was born on December 5, 1972.
He is a Sagittarius.
He is 6'4" and weighs 230 pounds.
Freegle is an organisation in the United Kingdom that help people give away things they do not need anymore to other people for free, if someone will collect and take the item away.
This means that used items are not thrown away while they are still useful to someone.
This is to make sure that less garbage is thrown into landfills, so that these landfills can have more space and last longer.
Freegle website
My Generation was the first album by the rock group The Who.
It was released in December 1965 in the United Kingdom, where it got to number five in the charts.
One of the songs, "My Generation", became very popular, and is now one of the most famous rock songs ever.
In the US, the album was released in April 1966 as The Who Sing My Generation.
It had some different songs than the UK album.
My Generation (UK)
"Out in the Street"
"The Good's Gone"
"La-La-La Lies"
"The Kids Are Alright"
"Please, Please, Please"
"It's Not True"
"I'm a Man"
"A Legal Matter"
"The Ox"
The Who Sing My Generation (US)
"Instant Party"
John Alec Entwistle (9 October 1944 – 27 June 2002) was an English musician who was best known as the bassist for the rock band The Who.
His bass playing style influenced many other bass players who came after him.
Entwistle is regarded by many as the greatest bassist in the history of rock music.
Entwistle played his bass guitar as a lead instrument, employing a "full treble, full volume" sound, as well as often using pentatonic lines and a typewriter finger approach.
He recorded the first bass solo in the history of popular music on The Who's song "My Generation".
Other notable examples of Entwistle's playing are "Boris the Spider" and "The Real Me".
As he developed his sound and refined his skill, Entwistle's bass sounded like a VOX Amplifier.
At the time of his death he had a collection of over 400 instruments that reflected the different brands he used over his career: Fender, Rickenbacker, Alembic, Warwick were the brands he used most.
He owned many of the most expensive bass guitars in the history of the world.
Entwistle played bass for The Who and as a solo performer from 1964 until 2002.
His bass guitar sound was the main reason The Who gave the loudest concert on record at the time.
Entwistle died in a hotel room at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada on 27 June 2002.
The Las Vegas coroner said that he died of a heart attack caused by cocaine.
Roger Harry Daltrey CBE (born 1 March 1944) is an English musician best known as the singer of English rock band The Who.
He has also had a solo career.
He has released eight solo albums.
He has also worked as an actor in the theatre, on television and in many movies.
Keith John Moon (23 August 1946 – 7 September 1978) was an English drummer best known as being a member of the rock band The Who.
He was famous for his frantic drumming style, his use of fills, his destructive, volatile behavior and his heavy drinking that help earn him the nickname "Moon the Loon."
Keith Moon joined The Who in 1964.
He played on all the band's albums and singles from their debut, 1965 to 1978.
Who Are You was his last album with The Who.
It was released two weeks before his death.
He died of an accidental drug overdose in Mayfair, London.
Twelve years after his death, in 1990, Keith Moon was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Who.
He is considered one of the greatest rock drummers of all time.
Humble Pie was an English blues-rock band that formed in 1969.
The members were Steve Marriott, Peter Frampton, Jerry Shirley, and Greg Ridley.
In 1972, Frampton left and was replaced by Clem Clempson.
In 1976, the band broke up.
Their most famous song was "30 Days In The Hole", which was on the album Smokin.
hard rock bands
blues bands
Tomoyoshi Tsurumi (born 12 October 1979) is a former Japanese football player.
|2002||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||41||8||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||44||9
|2003||rowspan="3"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||25||1||2||0||4||0||3||0||34||1
|2004||20||1||0||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||25||2
|2005||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||4||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1
|2006||rowspan="3"|Ventforet Kofu||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||14||0||0||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||18||1
|2007||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2008||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
Yuya Satō (born 10 February 1986) is a Japanese football player.
He plays for JEF Utd.
Chiba.
|2004||rowspan="3"|Ventforet Kofu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|2005||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2006||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2006||rowspan="5"|Consadole Sapporo||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||6||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|2007||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2008||J. League 1||15||0||1||0||5||0||21||0
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|2000||rowspan="2"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2001||Shizuoka Sangyo University||Football League||20||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|2002||rowspan="2"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2005||9||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|1998||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||4||0||0||0||0||0||4||0
|1999||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|2000||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||4||0||0||0||1||1||5||1
|2001||Oita Trinita||J. League 2||24||0||3||1||2||0||29||1
|2002||rowspan="9"|Ventforet Kofu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||36||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||39||1
|2003||37||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||40||2
|2004||36||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
|2005||27||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||27||1
|2006||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0
|2007||19||0||2||0||3||0||24||0
|2008||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||29||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|2009||29||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||3
Shimomura was born in Hiroshima on January 25, 1932.
After graduating from Shudo High School, he joined his local club Toyo Industries in 1950.
The club won the 2nd place at 1954 and 1957 Emperor's Cup.
At the 1954 Emperor's Cup, it was first Emperor's Cup finalist as a works team.
He retired in 1961.
On October 9, 1955, Shimomura debuted for Japan national team against Burma.
In 1956, he was selected Japan for 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.
But did not play in the match, as he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Yoshio Furukawa.
After retirement, Shimomura became a manager for Toyo Industries in 1964.
In 1965 season, the club won first champions in the league.
He led the club through their first golden era as five-time champions of the league (1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1970).
He led the club to win the 1965, 1967 and 1969 Emperor's Cup.
He resigned in 1970.
In 1972, he signed with Towa Real Estate which was promoted to new division, Japan Soccer League Division 2 from 1972.
He managed the club for three seasons until 1974.
In 1979, he was named manager for the Japan national team as successor to Hiroshi Ninomiya.
However, at 1980 Summer Olympics qualifying, following Japan's failure to qualify for 1980 Summer Olympics, he resigned.
Masaaki Takada (born 26 July 1973) is a former Japanese football player.
Boom Boom Pow is a hit song by the music group The Black Eyed Peas.
It is off their album The E.N.D..
The Black Eyed Peas songs
Mullah Mohammed Omar (1959 - 23 April 2013) was the leader of the Taliban in Afghanistan.
He was usually called Mullah Omar.
Between 1996 and 2001, he was Afghanistan's de facto head of state.
Three states officially recognised him under the title of 'Head of the Supreme Council'.
He was born in 1959 in Kandahar Province of Afghanistan.
He held the title Commander of the Faithful from the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
The United States put him on their most wanted list.
They believe he sheltered Osama bin Laden, and some of his al-Quaeda group, directly before and after they committed the September 11 attacks.
He was believed to be directing the Taliban in their war against Hamid Karzai's Government and foreign NATO troops in Afghanistan from Pakistan.
Many people considered him to be a major terrorist.
Despite his political rank, and his high status on the FBI's wanted list, not much was publicly known about Omar.
There are very few photos of him.
A picture that was used by the media in 2002, shows another Taliban official, but not Omar.
It is also debated how authoritative the images that exist really are.
Omar's right eye was missing as the result of a war wound.
People described him as being tall.
He was described as shy and untalkative with foreigners.
When he was Emir of Afghanistan, Omar stayed in Kandahar most of the time and rarely met outsiders.
He sent his Foreign Minister, Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil, to represent him, on most occasions.
News media claimed that he was killed by a drone strike in 2008.
On 29 July 2015, the Afghan government and state intelligence sources said that Omar had died in April 2013 two years previously in Karachi, Pakistan, of tuberculosis.
Some Taliban sources denied that he had died; other sources considered the report to be speculative, designed to destabilise peace negotiations in Pakistan between the Afghan government and the Taliban.
A Taliban spokesman said that they would issue a statement.
Abdul Hassib Seddiqi, the spokesman for Afghanistan's National Directorate of Security, claimed: "We confirm officially that he is dead".
It was later learned that he died in Afghanistan, not Pakistan.
Heads of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Cutler is a small town in northern Maine.
It is near Machias Bay.
The Irish Setter is a breed of dog.
Their coat of fur is moderately long, silky, and of a red or chestnut color.
They are classified as hunting dogs.
Alan Stanley Jones MBE (born 2 November 1946 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian former Formula One driver.
He was the first driver to win a Formula One World Championship with the Williams team, becoming the 1980 World Drivers' Champion.
Carlos Alberto Reutemann (April 12, 1942 – July 7, 2021), nicknamed "Lole", was an Argentine former racing driver (who raced in Formula One from  through ), and later a prominent politician in his native province of Santa Fe, for the Justicialist Party.
Reutemann died on July 7, 2021 in Santa Fe from problems caused by a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 79.
The Variegated Fritillary (Euptoieta claudia) is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
It is native to North America and South America.
The Variegated Fritillary is closely related to butterflies in the genus Speyeria.
It has some differences from Speyeria butterflies.
Some of the differences are: Variegated Fritillaries have 2-3 broods per year vs. one per year in Speyeria.
They travel more vs. staying in the same place.
And they use a wide range of host plants vs. just violets.
Variegated Fritillaries use passionflowers as a host plant.
Because of this, Variegated Fritillaries have taxonomic links to the heliconians.
Their flight is low and fast, and they are hard to approach.
Its genus name was taken from the Greek word euptoietos meaning "easily scared".
The upper side of the wings is orange and black.
The fore wing and hind wing have a row of submarginal black spots and black median lines running across the wings.
(Submarginal means just inward of the wing edge.
Median means through the center of the wing.)
The underside of the fore wing is orange.
The hind wing is mottled with browns and grays.
There is a pale postmedian band (postmedian means just outward of the median).
There is no silvering.
The wingspan is 1.75-2.25 inches.
There is a butterfly similar to the Variegated Fritillary.
It is the Mexican Fritillary (Euptoieta hegesia).
The Mexican Fritillary is brighter orange.
The upper side of its hind wing has more orange.
The underside of its wings is plainer, with no submarginal spots or median black lines.
This species may be seen flying from April-October in the south.
It flies in the north from summer to early fall.
This butterfly is found in different kinds of habitats.
It can by found in clover fields, alfalfa fields, fields, pastures, waste areas, roadsides, and mountain meadows.
Nectar plants
The Variegated Fritillary has been seen on different kinds of flowers.
Apocynum sp. -
dogbane
Asclepias syriaca - Common Milkweed
Aster sp. -
Bidens aristosa - Bearded Beggerticks
Cirsium sp. -
Echinacea sp. -
coneflowers
Erigeron sp. -
fleabane
Eupatorium perfoliatum - Common Boneset
Medicago sativa - Alfalfa
Trifolium pratense - Red Clover
Vernonia sp. -
Females lay their eggs singly on the host plant's leaves and stems.
The eggs are pale green or cream colored.
The caterpillar eats the leaves, flowers, and stems of the food plant.
The caterpillar is red with black stripes.
There are white spots in the black stripes.
In many individuals, the white is more noticeable than the black.
It has six rows of black spines.
It has a pair of long, clubbed spines on the head.
The chrysalis is shiny white with small black spots.
It has a variable amount of brown markings and has orange and gold projections.
Adults overwinter in the south and fly north each spring and summer.
It has 2-3 broods per year.
Boerhaavia intermedia - Five-wing Spiderling
Cynanchum arizonicum - Arizona Swallow-wort
Hybanthus verticillatus - Babyslippers
Linum australe - Southern Flax
Linum rigidum - Stiffstem Flax
Linum sulcatum - Grooved Yellow Flax
Menispermum canadense - Canadian Moonseed
Menispermum mexicanum - Mexican Moonseed
Passiflora caerulea - Blue Passionflower
Passiflora foetida - Foetid Passionflower
Passiflora incarnate - Purple Passionflower
Plantago sp. -
plantain
Podophyllum peltatum - Mayapple
Portulaca oleracea - Common Purslane
Turnera ulmifolia - Yellow Alder
Sedum lanceolatum - Lance-leaf Stonecrop
Viola bicolor - American Field Pansy
Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet
Viola tricolor ssp. -
In may Islamic countries Mullah  or Mula is the name given to a man with an education in Islamic theology and law.
The title Mullah is commonly used for petty local Islamic clerics or mosque leaders.
Virgil Riley Runnels, Jr. (October 12, 1945 – June 11, 2015) better known as Dusty Rhodes was a wrestler.
His nickname is the "American Dream".
His signature move is the "Bionic Elbow".
He is the father of Dustin Rhodes and Cody Rhodes who also wrestle.
He is a member of the WWE Hall of Fame when he was inducted in 2006.
Carom billiards, sometimes called carambole billiards or simply carambole (and sometimes used as another word for a game called "straight rail") are a family of billiards games played on cloth-covered tables.
In these games, the players strike heavy balls with sticks called cues.
Carom billiards tables have no pockets or opening where balls are sunk, that snooker and pool tables do have.
In its simplest form, the object of carom billiards games is to score points or "counts" by bouncing one's own ball, called a cue ball, off of the other two balls on the table.
The date the first carom game was invented is not exactly known.
Also, how exactly the games developed and which game was first is not clear.
However, carom billiards games are believed to have started sometime in the 18th-century (the 1700s) in France in Europe.
There are many different games, each with distinct rules, strategies and objects of play, that are all part of carom billiards.
Some of the most well known games are straight rail, cushion caroms, balkline, three-cushion billiards and artistic billiards.
There are many other carom billiards games that combine aspects of these games, but that are not as well known.
For example, the champion's game was a short-lived game that developed during a transitional period between the invention of straight rail and the invention of balkline.
Other games are combinations of these games and other games played on tables with pockets (pool or snooker games), such as English billiards played on a snooker table and its related games, American four-ball billiards, and cowboy pool, played on a pool table.
How the name came about
The word "carom" means any strike and bounce off something.
It started being used to describe the pocketless billiard games in the 1860s.
It is a shortening of the word carambola, used in Spanish and Portuguese and spelled carambole in French.
Carambola was earlier used to describe just the red ball used in billiards games, but later was given to the game itself.
Some people who study word origins suggest that carambola was originally the name of a yellow-to-orange colored, tropical Asian fruit, known in Portuguese as a carambola.
This was taken from an earlier word,  karambal, from the Marathi language of India, also known as starfruit.
The accuracy of the fruit origin has been questioned.
It has been said to be just a legend, because the fruit does not look very similar to the big red ball that is used in carom games, and there is no direct proof for the fruit explanation.
Cloth has been used to cover billiards tables since the 15th century (1400s).
In fact, the company that became the most famous maker of billiard cloth, Iwan Simonis, was formed in 1453.
Most cloth made for carom billiards tables is a type of cloth called "baize" that is dyed green in color, and is made from 100% wool that has fibers that are made to be very straight (a process called worsting).
Baize cloth provides a very fast surface allowing the balls to travel easily across the table material, called a "bed".
The green color of cloth was originally chosen to look similar to grass.
Green has been the common cloth color since the 16th century (1500s).
However, the color also serves a useful function.
Human eyes more easily see green than any other color.
This allows players to keep playing for longer periods of time without straining their eyes.
Modern billiard balls are made from "phenolic resin", which is a type of very strong plastic.
The size of carom billiards balls is normally 61.5 mm (27⁄16 in) in diameter.
They weigh between 205 and 220 grams (7.23 – 7.75 ounces; 7.5 is average), and are quite a bit larger and heavier than the balls used for pool games.
While UMB, the International Olympic Committee-recognized world carom billiards authority, permits balls as small as 61.0 mm (approximately 23⁄8), no major manufacturer produces such balls any longer, and the main standard is 61.5 mm.
The three standard balls in most carom billiards games are a completely white cue ball, a second cue ball sometimes having a red or black dot on it (to help people in telling the balls apart), and a third, red ball.
In some sets of balls, however, the second cue ball is solid yellow.
Both types of ball sets are allowed in tournament play.
Billiard balls have been made from many different materials since the start of the game.
For example, they have been made from clay, wood, ivory, plastics (including celluloid, Bakelite, crystalate, and phenolic resin) and even steel.
The most common substance from 1627 until the early- to mid-twentieth century was ivory.
The search for a substitute for ivory use was not for environmental reasons but based on how expensive they were and fear of danger for elephant hunters.
The search was made more enticing when a New York billiard table maker offered a $10,000 prize for a substitute material.
The first usable substitute was made from a material called "celluloid".
Celluloid, which is an early form of plastic, was invented by a man named John Wesley Hyatt in 1868.
There was a problem with the material though.
Celluloid was unstable and highly flammable, sometimes exploding when people were making it.
Billiard cues
The stick used to hit billiard balls, called a billiards cue, is different in some ways from the typical pool cue.
Compared with pool cues, billiard cues are often shorter, with a shorter end cap (called a ferrule), a fatter bottom portion where the back hand grips the stick (called a butt), a wooden screw in the middle rather than one of metal or plastic, and a smaller tip diameter.
These features make the billiard cue stiffer.
This stiffness helps players in striking the larger and heavier billiard balls as compared with pool balls.
The stiffness also acts to reduce an effect called "deflection" (sometimes called "squirt").
Deflection is an undesirable effect from the use of sidespin.
Sidespin is spin placed on a ball by striking it not at its center but off to one side of its center, causing it to spin as it travels down the table.
Deflection causes a ball to travel not in a straight line in the direction it was struck.
Heated slate
Underneath the cloth of billiard tables is a very hard rock called slate.
The slate bed of a billiard table is often heated to about 5 °C/9 °F above room temperature, which helps to keep moisture out of the cloth to aid the balls rolling and rebounding in a consistent manner, and generally makes a table play faster.
A heated table is required under international carom rules and is an important requirement for the games of three-cushion billiards and artistic billiards.
Heating table beds is an old practice.
Queen Victoria of England (1819–1901) had a billiard table that was heated using zinc tubes, At that time, though, the reason for the heating was different.
The heat was used to keep ivory balls from going out of shape (warping).
The first use of electric heating was for a tournament in the game of "18.2 balkline", that was held in December 1927 between two players: Welker Cochran and Jacob Schaefer, Jr. The New York Times announced it with fanfare: "For the first time in the history of world's championship balkline billiards a heated table will be used ..."
History of games
Straight rail
Straight rail, sometimes called carom billiards, straight billiards, the three-ball game, the carambole game, and the free game in Europe, is thought to date to the 1700s.
No exact time of origin is known though.
It was called French caroms, French billiards or the French game in early times, taking those old names from the French who made the game popular.
The object of straight rail is simple: one point, called a "count", is scored each time a player's cue ball makes contact with both object balls (the second cue ball and the third ball) on a single strike of the cue ball.
Winning is achieved by reaching a certain number of points, agreed to between the players to be the winning number.
When straight rail was first invented there was no restriction on the way points were scored.
However, the technique of crotching, meaning to have two balls right next to each other on the area of one of the table's four corners where the rails meet—the crotch—made scoring a lot easier.
This resulted in an 1862 rule which allowed only three counts before at least one ball had to be sent away from the corner in order to legally score another point.
Techniques continued to develop which increased counts greatly despite the crotching ban.
One of these techniques is called "nursing", and made scoring much easier.
A "nurse" is a series of shots where the balls are kept very close together, allowing a player to score off of them with very soft strokes without changing their positions much, so the scoring can continue.
The most important of these nurse techniques, called the rail nurse, involves nudging the balls down a rail, moving them just a few centimeters on each score and keeping them close together and positioned at the end of each stroke in the same or near the same arrangement so that the rail nurse can be repeated.
Professional straight rail in the United States was only seen for six years, from 1873 to 1879.
It was followed by a game designed to reduce the use of the rail nurse so that spectators would not be bored by watching it.
Today, straight rail play is not very common in the U.S. but it still popular in Europe, where it is thought to be a good practice game for balkline and three-cushion billiards.
Europe hosts professional competitions, known as pentathlons after the ancient Greek Olympic competitions, in which straight rail is one of five billiards games at which players compete.
The other four are called 47.1 balkline, cushion caroms, 71.2 balkline and three-cushion billiards.
The champion's game
A new game appeared in 1879, called the champion's game or limited-rail.
The champion's game is considered an in-between game—between straight rail and balkline—and was designed to stop the rail nurse.
The game uses diagonal lines—balklines—drawn at the table's corners to indicate that if balls were inside those lines, points could not be scored, thus "cutting off four triangular spaces in the four corners, [taking] away 28 inches [711 mm] of the 'nursing' surface of the end rails and 56 inches [1422 mm] on the long rails."
Despite its differences from straight rail, the champion's game only expanded the areas of the table where many points in a row could be scored before the balls had to be moved to a new position.
This was not sufficient to stop nursing.
Balkline
Balkline came after the champion's game.
It added more rules to stop nursing techniques.
There are many varieties of balkline, but all divide the table into marked regions called balk spaces.
The balk spaces define areas of the surface of the table where a player may only score up to a certain number of points while the object balls are within that region.
In the balkline games, rather than drawing balklines a few inches from the corners as was done in the champion's games, the entire table is divided into rectangular spaces.
This is done by drawing balklines a certain distance across the length and the width of the table.
The lines are drawn a number of inches parallel from each rail.
This divides the table into eight rectangular areas called "balk spaces".
Additionally, rectangles are drawn where each balkline meets a rail, called anchor spaces.
The anchor spaces were added to the game to stop nursing techniques that developed especially for the challenges of balkline without them.
Generally, the differences between one balkline game and another are defined by two different things: 1) where the balkines are drawn on the table, and 2) the number of points that are allowed in each balk space before at least one ball must leave that region of the table.
Balkline games are named by giving two numbers that tell us about the spacing used and how many points can be scored in the balk spaces.
The first number  tells us how many inches from the rail the balkine will be drawn.
The second number after a "dot", indicates the number of points that can be scored in the balk spaces before the balls must leave it (that number is always either one or two).
So, for example, the name 18.2 balkline, tells us that balklines are drawn  distant from each rail, and only two points are allowed in a balk space before a ball must leave that area.
Over its history balkline has had many variations including 8.2, 10.2, 12.2, 13.2, 12½.2, 14.1, 14.2, 18.1, 18.2, 28.2, 38.2, 39.2, 42.2, 45.1, 45.2, 47.1, 47.2, 57.2 and 71.2 balkline.
In its different forms, balkline was the main carom game played from 1883 to the 1930s.
After that, other carom games became more popular.
This is especially true of three-cushion billiards.
Balkline is not very common in the U.S., but remains popular in Europe and the Far East.
Cushion caroms
Cushion caroms, sometimes called by its original name, the indirect game, is thought to have developed in the 1820s in Britain, it developed out of an older game called  the doublet game, that dates to at least 1807.
The game is sometimes incorrectly called  one-cushion or one-cushion billiards, which is the direct translation of its name into English from various other languages such as Spanish ("una banda") and German ("einband").
The object of cushion caroms is to score cushion caroms, meaning a bounce off of both of the other balls on the table, with at least one rail of the table being struck by the cue ball before the contact with second object ball.
Cushion caroms was not played for a number of years, but came back in the late 1860s.
Its return was for similar reasons as to why balkline developed.
It was frustration of many people with straight rail.
The techniques such as nursing that were invented to make scoring much easier, also made the game very boring to watch.
Thus, as straight rail lost popularity, cushion caroms was revived for a time.
Cushion caroms is rarely played in the U.S., but it still has some popularity in Europe.
Three-cushion billiards
In three-cushion billiards, sometimes called three-cushion carom, three-cushion, three-cushions, three-rail, rails and the angle game, the object is to carom off both object balls with at least three rails being contacted before the contact of the cue ball with the second object ball.
Arising sometime in the 1870s, the origin of three-cushion billiards is not entirely known.
It is undisputed that the Internal Revenue Collector of the Port of St. Louis, Wayman C. McCreery, made the game popular.
At least one publication states he invented the game as well.
The first three-cushion billiards tournament took place January 14–31, 1878 in C. E. Mussey's Room in St. Louis, with McCreery taking part.
The tournament was won by New Yorker Leon Magnus.
The high run for the tournament was just 6 points, and the high average a .75.
The game was infrequently played prior to 1907, with many top carom players of the era saying they did not enjoy it.
However, in 1907 after the introduction of the Lambert Trophy, the game became more popular in the U.S. and internationally.
By 1924 three-cushion had become so popular that two very well know players in other billiard areas agreed to play each other in it at a challenge match.
On September 22, 1924 Willie Hoppe (last name rhymes with "poppy"), the world balkline champion and Ralph Greenleaf, the world pocket billiards (pool) title holder, played a well-advertised, multiple-day, 600-point match.
Hoppe was the eventual winner with a final score of 600–527.
The game's decline in the U.S. came about in 1952 when Hoppe, then 51-time billiards champion, announced his retirement.
Three-cushion billiards is a very difficult game.
Averaging one point per turn at the table is professional-level play, and averaging 1.5 to 2 is world-class play.
An average of one means that for every turn at the table, a player makes one point and misses once.
This means that the player makes a point on only 50% of his or her shots.
The highest run at three-cushion billiards for many years was 25, set by the American Willie Hoppe in 1918 during an exhibition.
As of 2007, the high run record is 31 points, shared between Semih Saygıner of Turkey and Hugo Patiño who is originally from Colombia but resides in the U.S. The best game at the standard 50 points in a tournament is 9 innings by the Swedish player, Torbjörn Blomdahl in 2000, and 4 innings (count: 19-11-9-11) by Korean and U.S. national champion, Sang Lee in September 1992 in a game at SL Billiards in Queens, New York.
The highest tournament average is 2.536 by Dick Jaspers from the Netherlands in 2002 at a tournament in Monaco.
Raymond Ceulemans from Belgium has won an unmatchable 21 three-cushion billiards world-championships.
Three-cushion billiards is the most popular carom billiards game played in the U.S. today, where pocket billiards (pool) is far more widespread.
Three-cushion retains great popularity in parts of Europe, Asia, and Latin America.
The principal governing body of the sport is the Union Mondiale de Billiard (UMB).
That organization has been holding world three-cushion championships since the late 1920s.
Decades later, the Billiards World Cup Association (BWA) competed with UMB, but faded in the late 1990s due to financial problems.
The International Olympic Committee-recognized World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) cooperates with the UMB to keep their rulesets consistent.
Artistic billiards
In Artistic billiards, sometimes called fantasy billiards or fantaisie classique, players compete at performing 76 planned shots, each assigned a degree of difficulty.
Each set shot has a maximum point value assigned for perfect execution, ranging from a 4-point maximum for lowest level difficulty shots, and climbing to an 11-point maximum for shots deemed highest in difficulty level.
There is a total of 500 points available to a player.
The governing body of the sport is the Confédération Internationale de Billiard Artistique (CIBA).
Each shot in an artistic billiards match is played from a well-defined starting position.
In fact, in some tournaments the balls must be placed within two millimeters of a diagrammed position.
Each shot must also be done in an established manner in order for points to be awarded.
Players are allowed three attempts at each shot.
In general,  the 76 shots in the game—even the lowest difficulty 4-point shots—require a high degree of skill, much practice and specialized knowledge to perform.
World title competition first started in 1986 and required the use of ivory balls.
However, this requirement was dropped in 1990.
The highest score ever achieved in world competition was 374, by the Frenchman Jean Reverchon in 1992.
The highest score in competition overall is 427 set by Belgian Walter Bax on March 12, 2006 at a competition held in Deurne, Belgium, beating his own previous record of 425.
The game is played mostly in western Europe, especially in France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
Union Mondiale de Billard — world tournament sanctioning body
Archival Billiard Resource
Animation showing the "rail nurse" with a description
Calibrachoa is a genus of the Solanaceae family.
Plants of this genus can be used as potted plants.
The plants are a lot like Petunias.
Petunias and Calibrachoa together make up the clade Petunieae.
Mishiba et al.
2000  Annals of Botany 85: 665–673, 2000
Creative commons licence
Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is the chemical or drug made in the cannabis that causes a person to feel different.
It is similar to at least 113 other chemicals in cannabis, known as cannabinoids, but not all of them will make you feel different or high after using it.
There are about 540 chemicals in cannabis total.
THC is a very fatty chemical and doesn't interact with water very well.
THC is thought to be used by the plant for protection from bugs, light, and other harm from its environment.
The THC chemical structure was discovered in 1964 by Dr. Raphael Mechoulam and Dr. Y. Gaoni at the Weizmann Institute in Israel.
Use in medicine
THC is used in medicine as a treatment for many physical and psychological problems.
It can be used to help people with pain or are sick from getting chemotherapy for cancer.
There are some medications which have THC and can be ordered by a doctor depending on where and what country you live in.
Pharmacological Effects
Cannabis works by sticking to special receptors in the brain and body, which is known as the endocannabinoid system or ECS.
There are 2 kinds of receptors, CB1 and CB2.
Over time, a person will need more THC to feel the same effects as before.
This is known as tolerance.
A person may also experience withdrawal, which can be uncomfortable and is a result of stopping THC use quickly after using it for some time.
People usually do not get addicted to using THC.
THC in the body
THC is very fatty (fat soluble) and binds to fat cells in our body and causes it to leave the body slowly, even if the effects of the drug or high has already ended.
The amount still in the body depends on how often THC is used.
The minimum time for a person to pass a drug test would be about 1 week.
It is not possible for humans or animals to realistically die from taking too much THC or marijuana and no person has ever died from it.
Many places in the world do not see THC or cannabis as legal and can have very harsh penalties from having, producing, or using it.
Some countries allow it for use only in medical treatment while others allow it for recreational use by adults, usually older than 18 or 21 years old.
Children may be permitted to use it if they're very sick.
In North America, Canada and Mexico have taken action to allow marijuana use in some way.
In the United States, the federal government sees marijuana as illegal and very addictive and cannot be used as a medicine.
Individual states with in the U.S.A. allows people to use marijuana to help with sickness or recreationally.
Drug Testing
Employers or people who work in a government agency, like the police or FBI, may test someone to see if they used any drugs recently.
This is called a drug test.
Police may do this if they think you have used marijuana before or while you are driving a car.
THC lasts a long time in the body and can be found in body fluids, like urine or saliva, or hair and sweat.
Since it lasts so long in the body, it can be a problem being sure if someone is high.
James Timothy "Jim" Haggarty (April 14, 1914 in Port Arthur, Ontario – March 8, 1998) was a Canadian ice hockey player who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics.
In 1936 he was a member of the Canadian ice hockey team, which won the silver medal.
He later played 5 games in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens.
James Haggarty's profile at Hockey Reference.com
James Haggarty's profile at Sports Reference.com
A narcotic is a drug that causes a loss of feeling, or paralysis.
The name narcotic was probably first used by the Greek physician Galen.
Galen listed mandrake root or poppy juice among the main examples for such substances.
Narcotics are like opiates such as morphine and codeine, but are not made from opium.
They bind to opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
Narcotics are now called opioids.
Narcotics are highly addictive.
Narcotics, whether they are prescription drugs or heroin, are some of the most addictive drugs that exist.
When someone uses narcotics, they bind to opioid receptors -which triggers a flood of dopamine.
That dopamine creates a reward and reinforcement response in the brain, which leads to addiction.
People who use narcotics may experience euphoria or pleasant feelings.
When people become addicted to narcotics, every aspect of their lives can be negatively affected.
The body quickly builds a tolerance to narcotics, requiring higher doses of a substance to feel the desired effects.
A narcotic tolerance leads to dependence.
When someone is physically dependent upon narcotics, they will go through withdrawal when they stop using them.
Opioid dependence complicates the issue of addiction even more and makes it much more difficult to stop using these drugs.
Today, the word narcotic is mainly used for illegal drugs, which do not necessarily have these properties.
Marijuana and cocaine are considered to be narcotics, even they do not have the medical properties described.
Boletus is a genus of mushroom.
It has over 100 species.
It is eaten in Europe, Asia and South America.
pt:Boleto
DoubleTree by Hilton is an American chain of hotels owned by Hilton Hotels.
A banana peel is the outer skin of a banana.
It is usually peeled out to eat the delicious insides.
Some people use banana peels to make other people slip on them, which is sometimes used to make jokes.
Selsun Blue is a hair shampoo.
It is made to help with dandruff.
It was first made by Abbott Laboratories.
Then the brand was bought in Chattem in 2002.
Chattem was bought by Sanofi-Aventis in 2010.
Selsun Blue is sold through mass merchandisers and drug and food retailers.
Some of these retailers are Walmart, Walgreens, CVS, Target, and Rite Aid.
Advertising slogans
"Never wear black without the Blue -- Selsun Blue".
"Got a clue?
Get the blue".
"It tingles, so I know it's working".
Brian Knighton (April 21, 1971 – February 4, 2016) also known as Axl Rotten was an American professional wrestler that wrestled for the original ECW and WWE.
Rotten was trained by retired wrestler Jim Leon and former World Championship Wrestling jobber Joey Maggs.
Rotten was found dead at a McDonald's in Linthicum, Maryland at the age of 44.
He died of cardiac arrest.
There are several stages in the building of a set and, for a large project, many people may be needed.
The set designer has to design the set.
A model will be built to show what the set will look like.
Drawings are made.
The technical director or production manager will look at the designs and decide whether they are what he wants and whether there is enough money to built it.
Then a master carpenter will tell the people who work for him what they have to do.
There will be carpenters, plasterers, welders, painters and, perhaps, several other craftsmen.
The FTSE 100 (often said 'foot-sie'), now known as FTSE Russell Group, is an important stock exchange in London, United Kingdom, similar to the Dow Jones Industrial Average, in the United States, or the CAC 40, in France.
FTSE stands for Financial Times Stock Exchange.
The London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) owns the FTSE Russell Group.
In addition to the FTSE Russell Group, the LSEG also owns the Borsa Italiana, Millennium IT, and other financial brands.
The 100 biggest companies in the United Kingdom are listed on it.
The index took the place of the FT30 in January 1984.
The FTSE 100 is often considered a leading indicator of prosperity for the companies in the U.K. and the U.K. economy in general.
As such, it typically draws investors looking for exposure to big U.K. companies.
While several of its listings do include companies with homes outside of the U.K., it is most significantly made up of U.K. companies and impacted by U.K. daily developments.
Admiral Group
AMEC
Anglo American
Associated British Foods
Autonomy Corporation
BG Group
British Land Company
British Sky Broadcasting Group
Bunzl
Burberry Group
Capita Group
Compass Group
Diageo
Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation
Fresnillo
Friends Provident
G4S
GlaxoSmithKline
Imperial Tobacco
InterContinental Hotels Group
International Power
Intertek Group
Johnson Matthey
Kazakhmys
Land Securities Group
Legal & General
Liberty International
London Stock Exchange Group
Lonmin
Wm Morrison Supermarkets
National Grid
Old Mutual
Randgold Resources
Reed Elsevier
Rentokil Initial
Rexam
Rio Tinto Group
Rolls-Royce Group
Royal Dutch Shell
Sage Group
J Sainsbury
Scottish and Southern Energy
SEGRO
Serco Group
Severn Trent
Shire Pharmaceuticals Group
Smith & Nephew
Smiths Group
Standard Life
Thomas Cook Group
United Utilities
Vedanta Resources
WPP Group
Whitbread
Xstrata
Latest FTSE 100 Prices
London Stock Exchange Homepage
moneyextra.com FTSE Information
FTSE 100 Profle at Wikinvest
The word judgment (also spelled judgement) means making a decision carefully, after studying and comparing all evidence that is available.