the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
One of the most famous opera houses in the world is the Metropolitan Opera in New York.
He did sing there, but not until he was 84.
By that age almost all singers have been long retired.
He sang the part of the Emperor Altoum in Puccini's Turandot in 14 performances there.
The very last time he sang on stage was in 1994 when he was 92.
He sang M. Triquet in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin when it was given by the Lausanne Opera at the Théâtre du Jorat in Mézières.
Cuénod lived with his male partner, Alfred Augustin, in the Vaud region of Switzerland.
They lived in an 18th-century castle that had belonged to members of his family for several generations.
The couple were in a civil union.
On his last birthday on 26 June 2010 he turned 108.
He died in Vevey on 6 December that year.
Roberto Alagna  (born near Paris, 7 June 1963) is a French operatic tenor.
Alagna's family came from Sicily.
He was born in Clichy-sous-Bois, Seine-Saint-Denis, near Paris,  France in 1963.
When he was a teenager he started singing pop music in Paris cabarets.
Later he started to sing in operas.
He won the Luciano Pavarotti Voice Competition.
He started to sing professionally in 1988 singing the part of Alfredo Germont in Giuseppe Verdi's La Traviata with the Glyndebourne touring opera
Soon he was being asked to sing all over the world in opera houses such as La Scala, Covent Garden and the Metropolitan Opera.
His performances of Romeo in Romeo and Juliet by Charles Gounod at Covent Garden in 1994 made him a great international star.
When he sang that role on 15 December 2007 at the Metropolitan Opera with Anna Netrebko as Juliet the performance was broadcast by the Met into 447 theaters worldwide in high definition and seen by about 97,000 people.
Alagna's first wife, Florence Lancien, died of a brain tumor in 1994; they had one daughter, Ornella, who was born in 1992.
In 1996 he married the Romanian soprano Angela Gheorghiu.
They often performed together in operas.
However, they separated in 2009.
French opera singers
Lila Downs (September 9, 1968 in Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, Mexico) is a Mexican/American singer-songwriter.
She performs her own compositions as well as Mexican traditional and popular music.
She also incorporates indigenous Mexican influences and have recorded songs in indigenous languages such as Mixtec, Zapotec, Maya, Nahuatl and P'urhépecha.
Her albums are One Blood, Shake Away, and Sins and Miracles has won various Grammys and World Music Awards.
Downs is the daughter of Mixtec cabaret singer Anita Sánchez and Allen Downs, a Scottish/English-American professor of art and cinematographer from Minnesota.
She learned to sing at the age of four.
She began to perform rancheras songs when she was 10 years old.
Lila grew up partly in the Mexican state of Oaxaca, partly in the U.S. state of California as a teenager.
She was 15 when she went to Performing Arts Institute of Oaxaca, where she studied music.
She lived in Minnesota as an adult.
She graduated from the University of Minnesota in voice and anthropology.
She later returned to Mexico where she learned to weave.
Later, she began singing in the club scenes of Oaxaca and Philadelphia along with Paul Cohen, an American-born saxophonist.
They began collaborating on songs that would slowly evolve into Downs' subsequent recordings.
Cohen became both Downs' husband and her artistic director.
In recent years, Downs and her band have toured widely in Mexico, South America, the US and Europe.
She was also heard in the soundtrack to the movie Frida in a song, "Burn it Blue", that was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song and that she performed at the 75th Academy Awards.
Other songs that she performed on the soundtrack are "Benediction and Dream", "Estrella Oscura", and "La Llorona".
Other movies in which her songs are featured include Maria Ripoll's 2001 Tortilla Soup, Patricia Cardoso's 2002 Real Women Have Curves and Carlos Saura's 2007 Fados.
She was also invited to the Twelve Girls Band's concert in Shanghai, where she sang in French and English.
Downs is currently based in Coyoacán, a borough of Mexico City.
On September 2, 2008, Lila Downs released Shake Away, her latest album of new material as well as featuring a few cover songs, including "I Envy The Wind" by Lucinda Williams and "I Would Never" by The Blue Nile.
Downs also collaborated with artists like La Mari from Chambao and Enrique Bunbury from Héroes del Silencio.
In 2010 she appeared on The Chieftains' album San Patricio.
Sins and Miracles is the most recent album by Lila Downs.
It reached the top of the charts in Mexico, Germany, Argentina, Colombia, Spain and the United States.
It also reached the top ten in other major markets.
Downs did a tour for the album called the "Pecados y Milagros World Tour".
The singles on Sins and Miracles are: "Palomo del Comalito", "Zapata se Queda" and "Mezcalito".
The album and its singles received one Grammy Award.
The main music genres which make up the album are pop, folk and ska.
1999 – La Sandunga
2000 – Tree of Life
2001 – Border
2004 – One Blood
2006 – La Cantina
2008 – Ojo de Culebra
2011 – Pecados y Milagros
2015 – Balas y Chocolate
2017 – Salón Lágrimas Y Deseos
1996 - Azulao: En Vivo con Lila Downs
2010 – Lila Downs y La Misteriosa en París - Live à Fip
2008 – The Very Best Of Lila Downs [CD]
2012 – Canciones pa' Todo del Año
1994 - Ofrenda
1998 - Trazos
2007 - Live Session
2006 – Loteria Cantada
2008 – The Very Best Of/El Alma de Lila Downs [DVD]
2010 – Lila Downs y La Misteriosa en París Live - à Fip [DVD]
2011 – Pecados y Milagros (Deluxe Edition)
Mexican singer-songwriters
{{Infobox VG
|title=Rock Band 2
|developer=Harmonix (Xbox 360/PS3) Pi Studios (PS2/Wii)
|publisher=MTV Games
|distributor=EA Distribution
|designer=Dan TeasdaleSylvain DubrofskyCasey Malone
|engine=
|released=Xbox 360PlayStation 3PlayStation 2Wii|genre=Rhythm game
|modes=Single-player, multiplayer
|ratings=
|platforms=Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, Wii
|media = DVD (Xbox 360, PS2), Blu-ray (PS3) Wii Optical Disc (Wii)
|requirements =
|input=Guitar controller, drum controller, Microphone, Gamepad
}}Rock Band 2' is an interactive music game by Harmonix.
It is a sequel to the game Rock Band''.
To play the game, players use a microphone to sing or a controller to hit notes on the screen.
Players get points by hitting the right notes at the right time.
Earning points can help a player earn stars, which show how well a player performed the song.
If a player misses too many notes or hits too many of the wrong notes, they fail out of the song.
It has a quickplay mode and a world tour mode.
In quickplay mode, players choose songs from a list to play.
In world tour mode, players can play songs in venues (public places) in cities around the world.
Rock Band 2 also has a practice mode, where players can play a song without failing out of it.
Players can choose one of four skill levels to play.
The skill levels are Easy, Medium, Hard, and Expert.
The songs in Rock Band 2 are sorted by how hard they are to play.
Zero dots means the song is one of the easiest to play, and five red dots means that the song is one of the hardest.
Players can play solo (by themselves) or with other people.
Rock Band 2 at rockband.com
A citadel is a large fortress or castle that is usually built to protect cities or towns from attacks or disaster, though citadels have been built for other reasons as well.
Citadels are often built to be the final protection for a city or town, in case enemies break through other protections such as walls or soldiers.
3300 BCE - 1300BCE
–1300 BCE
800–600 BCE
In Ancient Greece, the Acropolis was important in the life of the people, serving as a place of safety in times of trouble.
It contained military supplies, food, a shrine, and often a palace or citadel.
The most well-known is the Acropolis of Athens, but nearly every Greek city-state had one.
167–141 BCE
Citadels were sometimes built so strongly that enemies could take over the rest of the city, but fail to take over the city's citadel.
During the Maccabean Revolt, the Maccabean rebels managed to take over all of Jerusalem except its citadel.
It wasn't until 20 years later that they finally managed to take over the citadel too.
1600 CE–present
Citadels were not always built to keep away a city's enemies.
During the Anglo-Dutch Wars, King Charles II of England built a citadel at Plymouth that could not only keep out enemies, but also the city's people in case they tried to rebel against the King.
Modern Usage
The Citadelle of Quebec still survives as the largest citadel still in official military operation in North America after more than 200 years of existence.
Since the middle of the 20th century, citadels usually protect military center, rather than cities or towns.
These citadels are built to protect the center from heavy attacks, such as aerial or nuclear bombardment.
The military citadels under London are an example of this.
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (born 28 May 1925 in Berlin, died 18 May 2012 in Berg, Upper Bavaria) was a German baritone singer.
For more than 30 years he was thought of by many as the greatest male singer in classical music.
He was particularly famous for his singing of Lieder (German art songs), but he was also a superbly great singer of opera as well as a concert singer with orchestras.
Later in his career he also conducted.
Fischer-Dieskau had a lyrical baritone voice, not a powerful, heroic voice like a Heldentenor.
In spite of that he recorded many operatic roles which are traditionally thought of as being for Heldentenor: Wotan in Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle, Hans Sachs in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, Amfortas in Parsifal, Macbeth in Verdi's opera etc.
He is the  most recorded singer of all time.
He sang in many languages as well as German: French, Russian, Hebrew and Hungarian.
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau was born in Berlin.
He started singing as a child and began  voice lessons at the age of 16.
He had to join the German army  (the Wehrmacht) during World War II, in 1943.
He had only just finished school.
He was captured in Italy in 1945 and spent two years as an American prisoner of war.
During that time, he sang Lieder in POW camps to homesick German soldiers.
In 1947 he returned to Germany where he started his professional career singing the baritone solo in Brahms' Ein Deutsches Requiem without any rehearsal. (
He was a last-minute substitute for a singer who was ill.)
He gave his first Lieder recital in Leipzig later that year.
From early in his career he worked with famous lyric sopranos Elisabeth Schwarzkopf and Irmgard Seefried, and the recording producer  Walter Legge, producing very popular albums of lieder by Franz Schubert and Hugo Wolf.
In the autumn of 1948, Fischer-Dieskau became principal lyric baritone at the Städtische Oper Berlin (Municipal Opera, West Berlin),  making his first opera performance in the role of Posa in Verdi's Don Carlos under the conductor Ferenc Fricsay.
This company, known after 1961 as the Deutsche Oper, was to be his artistic home until his retirement from the operatic stage, in 1978.
Fischer-Dieskau made guest appearances at the opera houses in Vienna and Munich.
After 1949 he made concert tours in the Netherlands, Switzerland, France and Italy.
In 1951, he first appeared at a concert in the Salzburg Festival with Mahler's Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen (Songs of a Wayfarer) under Wilhelm Furtwängler.
He was starting to appear all over the world: in the Royal Albert Hall, London, Boston, Massachusetts and at the  Bayreuth Festival.
As an opera singer, Fischer-Dieskau performed mainly in Berlin and at the Bavarian State Opera in Munich.
He also made guest appearances at the Vienna State Opera, at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in London, at the Hamburg State Opera, in Japan, and at the King's Theatre in Edinburgh, during the Edinburgh Festival.
His first tour in the United States took place in 1955, when he was 29.
For his recitals there he was accompanied by Gerald Moore.
He recorded many Lieder with Gerald Moore, and gave many recitals with him until Moore retired in 1967.
However, they continued to make recordings after that.
Their recordings of the Schubert song cycles
Die schöne Müllerin and Die Winterreise were very highly thought of.
Fischer-Dieskau also recorded many famous roles in Italian operas, e.g. Verdi's Rigoletto and Rodrigo in Verdi's Don Carlos,  Scarpia in Giacomo Puccini's Tosca.
He retired from opera in 1978.
Fischer-Dieskau's musicianship and technique  were always perfect.
He retired from the concert hall on New Year's Day, 1993, at 67, and spent his time conducting, teaching (especially the interpretation of Lieder), painting and writing books.
In 1949, Fischer-Dieskau married the cellist Irmgard Poppen.
Together they had three sons: Mathias, who became a stage designer, Martin (a conductor), and Manuel (a cellist).
Irmgard died in 1963 of complications following childbirth.
Afterwards, Fischer-Dieskau was married to the actress Ruth Leuwerik, from 1965 to 1967, and Kristina Pugell, from 1968 to 1975.
From 1977 until his death he was married to the soprano Julia Varady.
Audio samples
Covent Garden is a huge piazza or open area in London, between the West End and the City of London.
It is north of The Strand and east of Trafalgar Square.
Once it was a huge fruit, vegetable and flower market with many taverns, theatres, coffee-houses, prostitutes and brothels.
Now it is a huge commercial area and "tourist trap".
The former market has been redeveloped, keeping its glass roof and cast iron spans.
The area is hugely popular with visitors to London, and has a number of remarkable buildings nearby.
The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, is the main theatre for ballet and opera in London.
It has several rehearsal rooms with full-size stages, a large costume department and restaurants.
The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane is nearby.
It has been purchased and restored by Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber.
Bow Street is also nearby; it is a boundary road to Covent Garden.
This was the road where the original police force of London, the Bow Sreet Runners, was formed in the 1740s.
The Bow Street Magistrate's Court was one of the most famous criminal courts in London until it was closed in 2006.
It is going to be a boutique hotel.
The Salzburg Festival () is an internationally famous festival of music and drama.
It is held each summer (for five weeks starting in late July) in the Austrian town of Salzburg.
Salzburg is the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
In modern time there is also an annual Salzburg Easter Festival held by the same organization.
Essex County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of New Jersey.
As of 2009, 769,644 people lived there, making it the third most populous county in the state, behind Bergen County and Middlesex County, and the second most densely population county in the state after Hudson County.
The seat of the county is Newark, the largest city in the state.
Essex County's Main Website
1683 establishments in New Jersey
Bergen County is a county in the U.S. State of New Jersey.
It is rich and has more people living in it than other counties in New Jersey.
As of a 2009 United States Census, it had 895,250 people.
It is part of the New York metropolitan area.
The county is the one of the last remaining counties in the nation where shops are closed on Sundays because of "blue laws."
In compliance to the blue laws, nearly all retail stores in Bergen County are closed on Sundays.
Ahmed Mohamed Mahamoud Silanyo ) (born 1936) is a Somaliland politician.
He is the current Chairman of the Peace, Unity and Development Party (Kulmiye) and President of Somaliland.
Standing as an opposition candidate, Silanyo was elected as President during the June 2010 presidential election.
Kakashi Hatake (はたけカカシ, Hatake Kakashi) is a fictional character in the anime and manga series Naruto created by Masashi Kishimoto.
He is the leader of Team 7, originally consisting of Naruto Uzumaki, Sasuke Uchiha, and Sakura Haruno.
After Sasuke defects, Team 7 receives Sai as a replacement.
Zipeg  is an open source free software.
Zipeg unpacks files from ZIP, RAR and other archives.
Zipeg works on Mac OS X and Windows.
Zipeg can preview files and photographs.
It is not capable of compressing files.
Zipeg is able to extract compressed files.
Zipeg supports RAR, ZIP and other formats.
Zipeg is built on top of the 7-Zip backend.
Zipeg user interface is implemented in Java and is open source.
Zipeg automatically detects filenames in national alphabets (code pages).
Zipeg correctly translates filenames from national alphabet to Unicode.
Zipeg reads EXIF thumbnails from JPEG digital photographs.
Zipeg uses thumbnails for "tool tip" style preview and item icons.
Zipeg review from c|net
Zipeg review by Macworld
Zipeg main site http://www.zipeg.com/
Zipeg source code http://zipeg.googlecode.com/
Zipeg at apple.com downloads
Philip Joseph Kessel, Jr. (born October 2, 1987 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American professional ice hockey right winger for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He has also played for the Boston Bruins for 3 seasons and the Toronto Maple Leafs for 6 seasons.
Kessel played hockey in college for the University of Minnesota's Golden Gophers.
Kessel won the Bob Johnson Award at the USA Hockey Annual Congress (for excellence in international hockey competition during a specific season of play) in 2005.
Kessel was named the WCHA Rookie of the Year was named to the WCHA All-Rookie Team and won the MacNaughton Cup in 2005-06.
Kessel won the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for overcoming testicular cancer and continuing to play.
Kessel was named the NHL's "First Star" of the Week during the week of December 8-14, 2008 with 8 points (3 goals and 5 assists) in four games in 2008-09.
How the Grinch Stole Christmas is a 2000 comedy-drama Christmas movie that was produced by Ron Howard and Brian Grazer and was directed by Ron Howard.
How the Grinch Stole Christmas is based on the 1957 Dr. Seuss book, How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
and the 1966 TV Christmas special.
Jim Carrey as the Grinch
Taylor Momsen as Cindy Lou Who
Kelley as Max the Dog and Frank Welker as his voice
Jeffrey Tambor as Mayor Augustus May Who
Christine Baranski as Martha May Whovier
Bill Irwin as Lou Lou Who
Molly Shannon as Betty Lou Who
Clint Howard as Whobris
Mindy Sterling as Clarnella
Jeremy Howard as Drew Lou Who
T. J. Thyne as Stu Lou Who
Jim Meskimen as Officer Wholihan
Josh Ryan Evans as the Grinch (8 years old)
Ben Bookbinder as Augustus May Who (8 years old)
Landry Allbright as Martha May Whovier (8 years old)
Reid Kirchenbauer as an Whobris (8 years old)
Deep Roy as a Post Office Clerk
Anthony Hopkins as the Narrator
Green Christmas by Barenaked Ladies
Christmas, Why Can't I Find You by Taylor Momsen
Better Do it Right by Smash Mouth
Christmas of Love by Little Isidore and the Inquisitors
Who-bilation by Chores
Christmas Dreaming by I Found God
Grinch 2000 by Jim Carrey & Busta Rhymes
How the Grinch Stole Christmas gained average reviews:
Rotten Tomatoes - 53%
Metacritic - 56% out of 100
How the Grinch Stole Christmas' Official website
Movies based on books by Dr. Seuss
Greg Giraldo (December 10, 1965 – September 29, 2010) was an American comedian television personality, and retired lawyer.
Giraldo is probably best known for his many appearances on Comedy Central's roast specials and is also known for being a regular on Lewis Black's Root of All Evil.
He was married twice, once when he was 24 and he said that last very long.
At the time of his death he had 3 children and had been divorced.
He accidentally overdosed on prescription medication and he was scheduled to appear at a comedy performance at the Stress Factory in New Brunswick, New Jersey.
When Giraldo failed to appear the police were called to his hotel room where they found him and they rushed him to Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.
It was reported that he had been in a coma for four days before his family had life support removed and he died on September 29, 2010.
On March 18, 2011, Comedy Central aired a special called Give it up for Greg Giraldo, that featured celebrities Jon Stewart, Colin Quinn, Lewis Black, Daniel Tosh, Denis Leary, Sarah Silverman, Jeffrey Ross, Nick Swardson, Dave Attell, Jim Gaffigan and Conan O'Brien as well as others as they talked about his life and career.
Greg Giraldo's Official website
Keith Ballard (born November 26, 1982 in Baudette, Minnesota) is a former American NHL ice hockey defenceman for the Minnesota Wild.
He was picked by the Buffalo Sabres with the eleventh overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.
He played hockey in college for the University of Minnesota's Golden Gophers.
Ballard has also played for the Phoenix Coyotes for 3 seasons and the Florida Panthers for 2 seasons before being traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 2010 during the 2010 NHL Entry draft for Michael Grabner, Steve Bernier, and Vancouver's first round pick and 25th overall selection in that draft.
On July 3, 2013, he was placed on waivers and his contract was bought out by the Canucks.
On July 4th, 2013, Ballard signed a two-year $3 million contract with the Minnesota Wild.
The Ford E-Series-also known as the Ford Econoline-are a line of passenger or cargo vans which began in 1961.
The E-Series vans can hold eight to 15 people per van as well as cargo versions.
The vans have undergone many redesigns through the years, the first generation was made from 1961 to 1967.
The second generation was made from 1968 to 1974.
The third generation was made from 1975 to 1991.
The fourth and longest-running generation was made from 1992 to 2014 in passenger and cargo versions and were replaced in 2015 by the Transit although cutaway versions are still being made.
E-Series
Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury  (born October 16, 1925) is an English character actress of stage, film, and television.
She is notable for her roles as Jessica Fletcher in the long-running TV series Murder, She Wrote (1984-96), and as the voice of Mrs. Potts in the Disney film Beauty and the Beast (1991).
A banyan (or 'banian') is a kind of fig.
It usually starts life by growing on another plant as an epiphyte.
Its seeds germinate in the cracks and crevices on a host tree, or on other structures like buildings and bridges.
"Banyan" usually means the Indian banyan or Ficus benghalensis.
It is the National tree of the Republic of India.
and of Bangladesh respectively.
However, the term actually includes all figs which share their epiphytic life cycle.
They are put in the subgenus Urostigma.
The seeds of banyans are dispersed by fruit-eating birds.
The seeds germinate and send down roots towards the ground.
These roots may envelop (cover) part of the host tree or building structure, from which they get the casual name of strangler fig.
A number of tropical forest species grow by strangling.
There are other examples in the genus Ficus that competes for light.
Any Ficus species showing this habit may be termed a strangler fig.
The leaves of the banyan tree are large, leathery, glossy green and elliptical in shape.
Like most of the fig-trees, the leaf bud is covered by two large scales.
As the leaf develops the scales fall.
Young leaves have an attractive reddish tinge.
Older banyan trees have aerial prop roots that grow into thick woody trunks which, with age, can become indistinguishable from the main trunk.
Old trees can spread out laterally using these prop roots to cover a wide area.
Like other Fig species (including the common edible fig Ficus carica), banyans have unique fruit structures and are dependent on fig wasps for reproduction.
The fatal embrace
They cover the trunk of the host tree, and their leaves and branches in the canopy block the light from the host.
Lacking enough nutrition and light, the host tree eventually dies.
Its wood is destroyed by beetles, termites and fungi.
Only the hollow space inside the banyan remains.
The banyan roots make a huge cylinder, and it stands up perfectly well.
Often the banyan tree is formed from several different fruits which germinated on the same host tree.
This has been proved by genome analysis.p170
Mary Christine Brockert (5 March 1956 - 26 December 2010), known by her stage name Teena Marie, was an American singer, songwriter, and producer.
She is famous for songs such as "Lovergirl" and "Square Biz".
Teena died December 26, 2010 at age 54, from natural causes.
Wild and Peaceful (1979)
Lady T (1980)
Irons in the Fire (1980)
It Must Be Magic (1981)
Robbery (1983)
Starchild (1984)
Emerald City (1986)
Naked to the World (1988)
Ivory (1990)
Passion Play (1994)
La Doña (2004)
Sapphire (2006)
Congo Square (2009)
The Hohenzollern family were rulers of various territories in and near modern Germany, and later of all Germany.
The Royal House of Hohenzollern began ruling the area around Berlin and Brandenburg in modern Germany in 1415.
They stopped ruling after World War I, when Germany became a republic.
Prussia was abolished by the 4 allied powers controlling Germany in 1947.
The Royal Family took their name from their ancestral home Hohenzollern Castle in what is now Baden-Württemberg.
The area around the castle was once ruled as a separate principality.
House of Hohenzollern, German dynasty which ruled Brandenburg-Prussia, Germany, and Romania, among other states
House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a cadet branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty
House of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, the seniormost branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty
House of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch, medieval German county
Burg Hohenzollern, Swabian castle and ancestral seat of the Hohenzollern dynasty
Province of Hohenzollern (1850-1952), Prussian province
Hohenzollern, yachts of the German Emperors
House Order of Hohenzollern, chivalric order
Crown of Wilhelm II, also known as the Hohenzollern Crown
Hohenzollern Locomotive Works, a German locomotive-building company
Hohenzollern-Hechingen was a county and principality in southwestern Germany, part of what is now Baden-Württemberg.
Its rulers were members of a branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern family.
The County of Hohenzollern-Hechingen was created in 1576, when the County of Hohenzollern was divided.
The county was ruled as a part of the Holy Roman Empire.
When the last count of Hohenzollern, Charles I of Hohenzollern (1512–1579) died, the territory was to be divided up between his three sons:
Eitel Frederick IV of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1545–1605)
Charles II of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1547–1606)
Christoph of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1552–1592)
Unlike the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg and Prussia, the Hohenzollerns of southwest Germany remained Roman Catholic.
The County was raised to a principality in 1623.
The principality joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 and  was a member state of the German Confederation between 1815 and 1850.
The democratic Revolution of 1848 was relatively successful in Hohenzollern, and on 16 May 1848, the Prince was forced to accept the constitution limiting his power.
However, the conflict between monarch and democrats continued, and on 6 August, Hohenzollern was occupied by Prussian forces.
On 7 December, 1849, Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Konstantin sold the country to his relative, King Frederick William IV of Prussia.
On 12 March 1850, Hohenzollern-Hechingen officially became part of Prussia.
Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, which also became part of Prussia in 1850,  were called the Hohenzollernsche Lande .
Counts of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1576-1623)
Eitel Friedrich IV (1576–1605)
Johann Georg (1605–1623) became Prince in 1623
Princes of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1623-1850)
Eitel Friedrich V. (1623–1661)
Philipp Christoph Friedrich (1661–1671)
Friedrich Wilhelm (1671–1735)
Friedrich Ludwig (1735–1750)
Josef Friedrich Wilhelm (1750–1798)
Hermann (1798–1810)
Friedrich (1810–1838)
Konstantin (1838–1850) died 1869 last male member in dynastic line
Something About Airplanes is the debut album by Death Cab for Cutie.
It was released in 1998 on Barsuk Records, and it was re-released for its tenth anniversary in 2008.
Its re-release features the band performing live at the Crocodile Cafe in Seattle, Washington.
"Bend to Squares" (Gibbard/Christopher Walla) – 4:33
"President of What?"
– 4:01
"Champagne from a Paper Cup" – 2:38
"Your Bruise" (Gibbard/Walla) – 4:19
"Pictures in an Exhibition" – 3:49
"Sleep Spent" (Gibbard/Walla) – 3:37
"The Face That Launched 1000 Ships" (Jay Chilcote) – 3:41
"Amputations" – 4:54
"Fake Frowns" (Gibbard/Walla) – 4:30
"Line of Best Fit" – 7:16
Reissue bonus disc – Live at the Crocodile Cafe, February 1998
"Your Bruise"
"Fake Frowns"
"Sweet and Tender Hooligan (feat.
Sean Nelson)"
"State Street Residential"
"Amputations"
"Pictures in an Exhibition"
Christoph Ahlhaus  (born 28 August 1969) is a German politician.
He is a member of the German Christian Democratic Union.
From 25 August 2010 to 7 March 2011 he was the First Mayor of Hamburg.
Ahlhaus was born on 28 August 1969.
He is married and studied law at the universities of Heidelberg, Munich and Berlin.
This article was initially partly translated from German wikipedia.
Mayors of Hamburg
City-wide
local administration, based on the boroughs of Hamburg.
The head of the city-wide and state administration is the First Mayor (Erster Bürgermeister).
A ministry is called Behörde (office) and a state minister is a Senator in Hamburg.
The legislature is the state parliament, called Hamburgische Bürgerschaft.
Political system
The power to create, amend and ratify laws (legislature) is given to the parliament.
A plebiscite and a referendum is possible due to the Constitution of Hamburg.
In other German states the parliament is called Landtag.
The parliament is among other things responsible for the law, the election of the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) for the election period and the control of the Senate (cabinet).
The parliament is a unicameral parliament (only has one chamber) and the 121 deputies are elected in universal, direct, free, equal and secret elections every four years.
The executive is the Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg (Senate of Hamburg or cabinet).
Its purpose is to enforce the laws.
The senate is responsible for the day-to-day management and head of this branch is the First Mayor.
The senate represents Hamburg to the federal government and other states or countries.
The Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg is formed by the First Mayor of Hamburg, the Minister President and mayor of Hamburg.
The senate is permitted no more than 12 members by law.
This law also regulates among other, pay, pensions, privilege to refuse to give evidence and the legal position of Hamburg judges.
The senators get appointed by the First Mayor and thereafter they need to get confirmed by the Hamburg Parliament.
The First Mayor forms the ministries, according to the coalition agreement of the ruling parties.
Until 1860 the government of Hamburg was called Rath or Rat (board/council), the members had been Ratsherrn (aldermen) and Bürgermeister (Burgomaster).
After a change of the Constitution of Hamburg in 1861 the government was called Hamburger Senat.
Prior to the first world war the two mayors were elected for one-year-terms.
Until 1997 the First Mayor was Primus inter pares among his colleagues in the Senate, by whom he was elected.
Since then, he has been elected by the parliament and been able appoint and to dismiss other Senators.
Interpreting the law (Judiciary) is task of the Hamburgisches Verfassungsgericht (Constitutional Court of Hamburg) and 17 more courts of Hamburg.
The supreme court has a president and 8 judges.
The City Parliament elects the judges for 6 years and they only canget reelected once.
The schedule of responsibilities is based on the constitution of Hamburg (Art.
65) and the Gesetzes über das Hamburgische Verfassungsgericht (Law of the Constitutional Court of Hamburg) (§ 14).
In 2011, there are nine senators holding ministerial positions and the head of state, the First mayor.
A senator is the presiding minister for a Behörde (translated: 'government agency' meaning here is more ministry).
State Chancellery
The State Chancellery () coordinates the senate and supports the mayor.
The First Mayor is head in this agency.
In 2011, the First Mayor of Hamburg is Olaf Scholz.
Ministry of Schools and Vocational Training
Ministry of Science and Research
Ministry of the Interior
Among others the  is the oversight authority for the law enforcement agencies in Hamburg, the fire brigade, for disaster control and its units, the residents registration offices, the State Election Office and the Scientology Task Force ().
In 2011, Michael Neumann (SDP) is the Minister of the Interior.
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment
Ministry of City Development and Environment
Ministry of Justice
The ministry () is in charge of the correctional facilities, the courts and the revision of the laws.
In 2011, Jana Schiedek (SPD) is the Minister of Justice of Hamburg.
Ministry of Social Affairs, Family Affairs, Health and Consumer Protection
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Media
On May 7, 2008 the former Ministry of Culture was changed to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Media (), now among other responsible for tourism, the public record office of Hamburg, the office of the protection of historical monuments and the memorial site for the Neuengamme concentration camp.
In 2005 the annual budget was €212.7 million.
Since law enforcement and police duties are partly in the responsibility of the German states, Hamburg has its own police force.
This forces consists of the state police  Polizei Hamburg, the State Criminal Police Office (German: Landeskriminalamt), the Criminal Investigation Services (Kriminalpolizei), the Water Police (Wasserschutzpolizei) controlling traffic in the port of Hamburg, the Reserve Police (Bereitschaftspolizei), the Special Weapons and Tactics Unit (Spezialeinsatzkommando) and Mobile Surveillance Units (Mobiles Einsatzkommando).
The State Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Landesamt für den Verfassungsschutz) is Hamburg's domestic intelligence agency.
Elections for the state parliament of Hamburg are held every four years, combined with the elections of the diet of the boroughs (Bezirksversammlungen).
The elections are regulated by law.
The STATT party is a minor political party, which was founded in 1993.
The party was elected to the Hamburg Parliament in the Hamburg state election, 1993.
The governing SPD and the new STATT party formed a coalition to rule until 1997, when the party lost all seats.
A defunct party is Law and Order Offensive Party (Partei Rechtsstaatlicher Offensive - Offensive D).
The party was in the Hamburg Parliament from 2001 until 2004, receiving 19.4% of votes.
The highest honour given by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg is the honorary citizenship (Ehrenbürgerrecht).
It is given by the senate, if the parliament confirmed the motion of the senate.
The honorary citizenship is comparable to the honour Freedom of the City.
The Golden Book consists of the signatures of especially honoured guests of Hamburg.
The book itself is a box with not fixed sheets.
It is folded in golden leather and a gift of the family of the First Mayor Carl Friedrich Petersen (1809 – 1892).
In 1937 the German leader Adolf Hitler signed the book before giving a public speech in Hamburg.
During the denazification Hitler's sheet, as these from other Nazis, was removed from the book.
The only signature remained is from Joseph Goebbels, because he wrote on the same sheet as the former German President Paul von Hindenburg.
The Dalai Lama signed the Golden Book during his 5th visit in Hamburg in February 2007.
Hamburg citizens were not allowed to receive decorations – only medals or medallions.
This act was first enlawed for members of the senate and Hamburg's judges, later the act was false legally extended for all citizens by the Senate of Hamburg.
The act originated from the Hamburg city law of the 13th century.
One of the few Hanseaten – citizens of a Hanseatic city – who received decoration was Alwin Münchmeyer, an entrepreneur.
Münchmeyer stated later, that this were his "falls of mankind".
Even Helmut Schmidt – former Hamburg Senator of the Interior and German chancellor – declined several times to be awarded with the Federal Cross of Merit, stating he had been a Hamburg senator and according to the Hanseatic tradition not allowed to wear decorations.
In 1843 the Hamburg fire medal was awarded to the volunteers, who came to help during the great fire from 5 May until 8 May 1842.
In total 4858 medals were awarded from the grateful Hamburg in distress to its friends, as the inscription states "Das Dankbare Hamburg Seinen Freunden In Der Noth".
During World War I (1914 – 1918) the Hanseatic Cross (German: Hanseatenkreuz) was a decoration of the three Hanseatic Cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, who were member states of the German Empire.
Each city-state established its own version of the cross, but the design and award criteria were similar for each.
There were approximately 50,000 awards of the Hanseatic Cross of Hamburg.
In 2007 the Herbert Weichmann medallion – named for the First Mayor Herbert Weichmann (in office 1965 – 1971) – was granted for the first time by the city of Hamburg, honoring "those - both Jewish and non-Jewish - who have contributed to Jewish life in Germany".
First recipients were Paul Spiegel (posthumous), who was a member of the executive committee of the Zentralrat der Juden, and Hinrich Reemtsma, whose foundation constributed €500,000 for the removal of the Jewish community centre in Hamburg.
Boroughs and quarters of Hamburg
List of diplomatic missions in Hamburg
Constitution of the Free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg
https://www.homeworkjoy.com/
http://www.hamburgische-buergerschaft.de/cms_en.php?templ=home_sta.tpl&sub1=187&cont=332  Official website of the Parliament of Hamburg
http://www.hamburg.de/stadt-staat/senat/ Senate of Hamburg
http://www.hamburg.de/buergerschaft/ Parliament of Hamburg on www.hamburg.de
http://www.polizei.hamburg.de Hamburg's police force official website
http://www.hamburg.de/ag-scientology/ Scientology Task Force official website
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport , also known as Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield Airport, and Hartsfield–Jackson, is a public airport in Atlanta, Georgia.
It is the world's busiest airport by number of passengers and number of landings and take-offs since 2005.
It serves 89 million passengers per year.
The airport is the main hub of AirTran Airways, Delta Air Lines, and ExpressJet.
The Delta hub is the world's largest airline hub.
Delta Air Lines flew most (59%) of passengers from the airport in February 2011.
The airport has 199 gates.
It has both domestic and international gates.
Hartsfield–Jackson was still the world's busiest airport in 2010.
It had an average of 243,000 passengers each day.
It also had a total of  950,119 flights.
Many of the flights are flights inside the United States.
Atlanta is a major hub for travel throughout the Southeastern United States.
Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport has international service to North America, South America, Central America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
The airport is located mostly in unincorporated areas in Fulton and Clayton counties.
The city limits of Atlanta, College Park, and Hapeville end at the airport grounds.
Delta Airlines main Hub
Qatar Airways (starts June 1)
Turkish Airlines (starts May 16)
Virgin Atlantic
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a group of proteins which flow in the blood.
They are related to "good cholesterol".
Almost all animals have SAA's.
SAA's are made in and controlled by the liver.
They move cholesterol to the liver.
SAAs increase during inflammation.
Doctors and scientists think that SAAs may be part of amyloidosis, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez (October 27, 1922 – December 25, 2010) was a president of Venezuela.
He was born in 1922, served twice as president in the early 1990s, and died in 2010.
Pérez was born on 27 October 1922 in Rubio, Venezuela.
He went to school in Caracas, where he studied law.
In 1948, he married Blanca Rodríguez, one of his cousins.
During the same year, because he opposed a coup d'état, he was put in prison, but got out and left Venezuela.
In 1958, Venezuala became a democracy, and Pérez became a part of the government led by Rómulo Betancourt.
In 1973, Pérez became president of Venezuala.
He left office in 1979, and soon after, Venezuala's economy went through a low period.
In 1989, Pérez became president again.
Soon after, he made government spending much smaller and made prices of goods like gasoline higher.
There were many riots because of this.
In 1992, there were two coups that tried but failed to remove Pérez from being president.
In 1993, though, he was impeached because he was thought to have paid for bodyguards for Violeta Chamorro, who was a former president of Nicaragua.
He went to prison after this for ten weeks.
After prison he was put in house arrest for two years.
After Hugo Chávez became president of Venezuala in 1998, Pérez went to the Dominican Republic.
In 2003, he moved again, this time to the United States.
While he was in the US, people in Venezuala tried to force him to return because he was wanted in connection with the riots his laws caused in 1989.
He also married Cecilia Matos during this time.
He died on 25 December 2010 in Miami at the age of 88.
María Francia Pérez, his daughter, said that he had died of a heart attack.
Naruto Uzumaki (うずまきナルト, Uzumaki Naruto) is a fictional character in the anime and manga franchise Naruto made by Masashi Kishimoto.
Naruto is the main protagonist of the series, and at the start, he is a ninja student who lives in the village of Konoha.
The others in the town do not like him because he has the soul of the Fox Demon Kurama sealed inside him, but Naruto wants to become the town's leader.
During his studies, Naruto learns many jutsu (techniques), including a Shadow Clone jutsu which he excels at also a jutsu taught by his sensei Master Jiraiya the Rasengan.
His energetic personality lets him make friends with many people, including his best friend and rival Sasuke.
In every official Weekly Shōnen Jump popularity poll of the series, Naruto ranks in the top five characters.
From the beginning of 2012, he has been in first place twice.
Naruto was placed sixth in IGN's Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time.
For the upcoming 2020 Summer Olympics, Naruto's image is being used as a character to represent the event.
Masashi Kishimoto (, Kishimoto Masashi) (born 8 November 1974) is a Japanese manga artist.
He is best known for creating the manga series Naruto.
He has been drawing from a very early age.
Osamu Kajisa (Tattoo Hearts) and Yuuichi Itakura (Hand's) served as his assistants.
Kishimoto was born in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.
His brother is Seishi Kishimoto.
The light clock is a simple way of showing a basic feature of Special relativity.
A clock is designed to work by bouncing a flash of light off a distant mirror and using its return to trigger another flash of light, meanwhile counting how many flashes have occurred along the way.
It is easy to show that people on Earth watching a spaceship fly overhead with such a clock would see it ticking relatively slowly.
Before we study the light clock, consider another kind of relativity.
Imagine that someone is dribbling a basketball in the hold of a large cargo jet.
The basketball player is moving in the same direction as the jet airplane.
The other people in the plane see him moving a meter or two as he makes one dribble.
Between the time the ball bounces the first time and the ball bounces the second time, about one second has passed.
But when the first bounce occurred the basketball was over Gibraltar, and when the second bounce occurred the basketball was over the water nearer to Spain.
So the basketball has moved 280 meters with respect to Earth.
Now consider a somewhat similar question of relative motion.
This time we are  going to consider what people looking at stars from the North Pole see when a very fast spaceship flies over them.
We can use algebra and the Pythagorean theorem to calculate how much time slows on the spaceship.
The only other thing we need is the equation that relates distance, d, rate or speed of travel, r, and time, t. The equation is:
The speed of light is constant, so we will apply this value to two problems.
We will call the speed of light c, as this is the letter scientists usually use to name it.
A clock is made by putting a light output at the bottom of a long pole, a mirror on top of the pole, and an electronic light detector down at the bottom of the pole.
The clock is started by briefly closing a switch that sends one blink of light from the bottom of the pole to the top of the pole where it is reflected back to the bottom of the pole.
When the light detector at the bottom of the pole sees the blink of light it does two things.
It adds one to the counter that is attached to it, and it fires another blink of light up to the mirror.
When that blink of light gets back to the bottom, the count changes to two, and another blink of light is set off.
Since light travels very rapidly (300,000 kilometers/second), for each second measured by an ordinary clock the light clock will "tick" a very large number of times.
To make the math easier, we will say that the pole is one half kilometer long.
So if we are standing by the light clock that is built next to the big telescope at the North Pole, we will see that light travels one kilometer for each "tick" of the light clock.
Since distance traveled, d, equals speed multiplied by time, and the speed involved is c, we have the equation:
t seconds = 1 km/300,000 (km/second) = 1/300,000 seconds =  0.00000333…3 seconds
If a spaceship were flying on a straight line passing over the North Pole at a large fraction of the speed of light, and it had a similar clock, people watching its passage would see that the mirror on top of the pole had moved from directly over the emitting light, so the light would travel along the line marked h in the diagram, and then it would follow the other hypotenuse back down to the base of the pole -- which would by now have moved some distance since the spaceship is moving so fast.
We can figure out how much time one tick would take according to the people on Earth.
We know that the spaceship's pole has a length of a since it is the same kind of clock as people are using at the North Pole.
We want to figure out t' , the time it takes to make one tick of the clock on the spaceship.
We know that the spaceship will travel 1/2 r t'  while the blink of light is heading up toward the mirror, and another 1/2 r t'  while the blink of light is heading down toward the base of the pole.
So that calculation gives us the length of line b in the chart.
We know a, so we can figure out h by the Pythagorean theorem:
h = √(a2 + (rt' /2)2)
So the total distance the light travels is 2 h or d = 2 √(a2 + (rt' /2)2)
We also know that the speed of light, c, is constant.
No matter who measures it, it turns out to be the same speed.
So we can use that fact to get another way of calculating how long it takes for the flash of light to go from the base to the top of the pole and back again:
t'  = d/c
c t'  = 2 √(a2 + (rt' /2)2)
1/2 c t'  =  √(a2 + (rt' /2)2)
Square both sides
Divide both sides by t' 2
Multiply both sides by 4
Divide both sides by c2
Simplify c2 / c2
Subtract r2/c2 from both sides
Take the square root of both sides
Multiply both sides by t'
Divide both sides by √(1-r2/c2)
t'  = 2a/(c√(1-r2/c2)
t'  = t/√(1-r2/c2)
If t = 1 second, then if the spaceship is traveling at one half the speed of light, t'  = 1.1547 sec.
Space and Time in Special Relativity, N. David Mermin, pp.
33-41.McGraw-Hill, 1968.
Scott "Scottie" Upshall (born October 7, 1983 in Fort McMurray, Alberta) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey right winger for the Arizona Coyotes.
He also played for the St. Louis Blues, FLorida Panthers, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Nashville PredatorsHe was picked by the Nashville Predators with the sixth overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.
He played in the WHL with the Kamloops Blazers.
Upshall has also played with the Nashville Predators for 4 seasons and the Philadelphia Flyers for 3 seasons before being traded to the Phoenix Coyotes on March 4, 2009 for Daniel Carcillo.
He won a Bronze medal in the 2000 World Hockey Challenge.
He was named to the CHL - All-Rookie Team (Canadian Major Junior) in 2001.
He was named the Rookie of the Year in the CHL in 2001.