the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Therea re two parts of Zetsu.
Black Zetsu is like a shadow.
He was created by Kaguya to control Indra.
Black Zetsu pretended to be controlled by Madara.
White Zetsu is one of many former humans that became part of the Gedo Statue.
Sasuke killed White Zetsu during the Fourth Great Ninja War.
After that, Black Zetsu went to Obito.
Then he went to Madara.
Finally, he was sealed with Kaguya.
Tobi, also known as "Gurguru", is a White Zetsu.
He was Obito's exoskeleton while coping with his new body.
Obito based his Tobi form on him.
Tobi fought in the Fourth Great Ninja war by taking Yamato's Wood Style.
Then he left him once Madara cast Infinite Tsukuyomi.
Finally, he crumbled after the jutsu was cancelled.
Only Yamato saw him die.
The manga series has 72 volumes.
There are 26 light novels and 13 novels in Japan.
In the United States, there are 16 chapter books.
They use pictures from the manga.
Growth and popularity
The manga series ran up to 72 volumes.
It became one of the most popular manga and anime.
Since it began, a lot of Naruto fansites (websites made by people who like it a lot) were made with detailed information, guides, forums and card games.
The first part aired from 2002 to 2007 with 220 episodes.
The second part Naruto Shippuden aired from 2007 to 2017 with 500 episodes.
Some episodes and anime movies for the series are not based on the manga.
Original video animations
Twelve Naruto original video animations (OVAs) have been released.
Find the Crimson Four-Leaf Clover!
Follows Team 7 as they help Konohamaru with his mission to retrieve a four leaf clover that makes a wish come true.
Mission: Protect the Waterfall Village! (
Team 7 are on a mission to escort a shinobi to his hometown.
This and the previous OVA were later released on DVD in Australia under the title Naruto Jump Festa Collection.
The English localization of Mission: Protect the Waterfall Village!
was released on DVD by Viz on May 22, 2007, in the US under the title Naruto  The Lost Story.
Konoha Annual Sports Festival. (
2004) Multiple groups of shinobi, including Team 7, participate in a sports competition where the award is a week break from missions.
A short video released with the first Naruto movie; in North America, this was included on the Deluxe Edition DVD of the first film.
Finally a clash!
Jonin VS Genin!!
Indiscriminate grand melee tournament meeting!! (
2005) Fifth Hokage Tsunade creates a competition between Jonin (high level ninja) and Genin (low level ninja).
Released on a bonus disk with the Japanese edition of the Naruto: Ultimate Ninja 3 video game for the PlayStation 2.
Shippū! "
Konoha Gakuen" Den (2008).
This OVA follows Naruto Uzumaki and his peers as they live their lives in high school.
Naruto: The Cross Roads (2010).
Focuses on Team 7 after their encounter with Zabuza and Haku.
Naruto, The Genie, and The Three Wishes!! (
While Team 7 are at the beach, Naruto finds a bottle and opens it to find a genie who grants three wishes.
Naruto x UT (2011).
Naruto is defeated by Sasuke and is pronounced dead; the events leading to the combat are shown in flashback.
Chūnin Exam on Fire!
Naruto vs. Konohamaru! (
Naruto and Konohamaru are participants in the Chunin Exams, and are matched with each other; they fight with no limits.
Hashirama Senju vs. Madara Uchiha (2012).
Tobi narrates the origin of Konoha.
At the beginning ninja fought for their own clans.
The most powerful among them are two clans: the Senju led by Hashirama, and the Uchiha led by Madara.
This was distributed as part of the Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm Generations video game for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.
Naruto Shippūden: Sunny Side Battle!!! (
In his sleep, Sasuke dreams of his brother Itachi making him breakfast repeatedly until it is perfect.
The Day Naruto Became Hokage (2016).
Naruto Uzumaki is officially the Seventh Hokage, but does not make it to the ceremony.
There are more than 50 games.
Many of them are fighting games based on the anime or manga.
The first Naruto game was Naruto: Clash of Ninja, which was originally released in Japan on December 19, 2002, and later in North America on November 17, 2005 as the first Naruto game in North America.
VIZ Media's Naruto site (USA).
Naruto Collectible card game site (USA) .
Shonen Jump's Naruto page (USA) .
Cartoon Network's Naruto page (USA) .
YTV's Naruto page (Canada) .
Manga Entertainment's Naruto microsite (UK)
Naruto Planet (Italian)
2003 anime OVAs
"Mobster" is a slang term for someone who is part of the mafia or a mafia-like group.
A mobster is a criminal.
The word '' "Gangster" often means the same thing.
January 18 – German king Albrecht I makes his son Rudolf king of Bohemia.
July – The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes.
September 5 – Pope Clement V confirms the Knights Hospitaller possession of Rhodes, although only Feracle had fallen to their attacks.
October 13 – All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.
November 18 – (Legendary) – William Tell shoots an apple off his son's head.
Edward II becomes King of England.
Per Abad writes the codex of the Cantar de mio Cid.
date unknown – William II, Count of Hainaut
April 7 – Joan of Acre, daughter of King Edward I of England (born 1271)
July 4 – Rudolph I of Bohemia (born 1281)
July 7 – King Edward I of England (born 1239)
Leo IV of Armenia (born 1289)
Emperor Chengzong of Yuan China
Guillaume de Gisors, grand master of the Priory of Sion (born 1219)
Hethum II of Armenia (born 1266)
Mamluk sultan Baibars of Egypt invades the weakening kingdom of Makuria to the south.
Charles I of Anjou, King of Naples, occupies Durres in Albania and establishes an Albanian kingdom.
Count Floris V of Holland makes an unsuccessful attack on Frisia in an attempt to recover the body of his father, Count William II.
King Edward I of England departs for England from the failed Ninth Crusade and becomes King when his father, King Henry III, dies.
November 21 – Edward becomes King of England.
King Alphonso III of Portugal eliminates the last Moorish community in Portugal at Faro.
The city of Strasbourg becomes an Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Worshipful Company of Cordwainers receives the right to regulate the leather trade in London, England.
In astronomy, the recording of the Alfonsine tables is completed.
The first recorded reference of cricket dates back to 1272.
Bernardo Tolomei (died 1348)
King Frederick III of Sicily (died 1337)
Otto I of Hesse (approximate date; died 1328)
March 17 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (born 1220)
March 18 – John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel (born 1246)
April 2 – Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1209)
April 27 – Saint Zita
August 6 – King Stephen V of Hungary
November 16 – King Henry III of England (born 1207)
December 13 – Bertold von Regensburg, German preacher
William of Saint-Amour, French scholastic philosopher (born 1200)
Sergio Leone (3 January 1929 – 30 April 1989) was an Italian movie director.
He is well known for his Spaghetti Western films; particularly his Dollars trilogy (also known as The Man with No Name trilogy) starring American actor, Clint Eastwood.
Movies directed
The Last Days of Pompeii (1959) aka Ultimi giorni di Pompei (Italy)
Il Colosso di Rodi (1961) aka The Colossus of Rhodes (USA)
A Fistful of Dollars (1964) aka Per un pugno di dollari (Italy)
For a Few Dollars More (1965) aka Per qualche dollaro in piu (Italy)
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) aka Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo (Italy)
Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) aka C'era una volta il West (Italy)
A Fistful of Dynamite (1971) aka Giù la testa (Italy)
My Name Is Nobody (1973) aka Il mio nome è Nessuno (Italy) aka Lonesome Gun (USA)
Un genio, due compari, un pollo (1975) aka A Genius, Two Friends, and an Idiot (USA)
Once Upon a Time in America (1984) aka C'era una volta in America (Italy)
Italian movie directors
Italian movie producers
Italian screenwriters
Ban Ki-moon (; born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean diplomat.
He was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 2007 to 2016.
He replaced Kofi Annan on 1 January 2007.
Ban was the Foreign Minister of South Korea from January 2004 to November 2006.
On October 13, 2006, he was elected to be the eighth Secretary-General by the United Nations General Assembly.
Ban is married, and he has a son and two daughters.
His native language is Korean, but he also speaks English and French.
Ban met U.S. President John F. Kennedy in Washington, D.C. after winning an English language competition in the early 1960s while he was in high school.
The competition was organised by the American Red Cross.
He has said that it was after this meeting that he wanted to become a diplomat.
His first overseas posting was to New Delhi.
After that, he worked in the United Nations Division at the foreign ministry's headquarters.
At the time of Park Chung Hee's assassination, Ban was First Secretary at South Korea's Permanent Observer Mission to the UN in New York City (South Korea only became a full UN member state on September 17, 1991).
He subsequently assumed the post of Director of the United Nations Division.
He has been posted twice to the Republic of Korea (ROK) Embassy in Washington, D.C. Between these two assignments he served as Director-General for American Affairs in 1990 – 1992.
He was promoted to the position of Deputy Minister for Policy Planning and International Organizations in 1995.
He was then appointed National Security Advisor to the President in 1996, and assumed the office of Vice Minister in 2000.
His most recent post was as Foreign Policy Advisor to the President Roh Moo-hyun.
While he served as Ambassador to Austria, Ban was elected as Chairman of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO PrepCom) in 1999.
During the ROK's Presidency of the 56th Session of the United Nations General Assembly (GA) in 2001, he worked as Chef de Cabinet of the President of the GA.
Ban has been very involved in issues relating to inter-Korean relationships.
In 1992, he served as Vice Chairman of the South-North Joint Nuclear Control Commission, following the adoption by South and North Korea of the Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.
In September 2005, as Foreign Minister, he played a leading role in the diplomatic efforts to adopt the Joint Statement on resolving the North Korean nuclear issue at the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks held in Beijing.
UN Secretary-General candidacy
In February 2006, Ban announced his candidacy to replace Kofi Annan as UN Secretary-General at the end of 2006.
He was the first South Korean to run for Secretary-General.
He got the most votes in each of the four straw polls conducted by the United Nations Security Council on July 24, 2006, September 14, 2006 September 28, 2006 and October 2, 2006.
On September 25, 2006, while these polls were taking place, Ban addressed the Asia Society in New York on his candidacy and views on major issues confronting the UN.
The next day, he gave an interview to the Asia Society's AsiaSource, where he again spoke a lot about the upcoming challenges to be faced by the UN.
Earlier in the year, he had spoken to the Council on Foreign Relations in New York.
In an informal poll that took place on October 2, 2006, Ban received fourteen favourable votes and one "no opinion" from the fifteen members of the Security Council; the Japanese delegation the only nation that was not in full agreement.
More importantly, Ban was the only one to escape a veto, while each of the five other candidates received at least one "no" vote from the five permanent members of the council — People's Republic of China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
After the vote, Shashi Tharoor, who finished second, withdrew his candidacy and China's Permanent Representative to the UN told reporters that "it is quite clear from today's straw poll that Minister Ban Ki-moon is the candidate that the Security Council will recommend to the General Assembly."
On October 9, 2006, the Security Council formally chose Ban as its nominee.
On October 13, 2006, the 192-member General Assembly adopted a resolution, by acclamation, appointing Ban as Secretary-General.
Ban has been awarded the Order of Service Merit twice, once in 1975, and again in 1986, by the Government of the Republic of Korea.
For his accomplishments as an envoy, he received the Grand Decoration of Honour from the Republic of Austria in 2001.
A year later, the government of Brazil awarded himi the Grand Cross of Rio Branco.
Ban Ki-moon's profile on BBC News
Asian diplomats
South Korean politicians
An Italian American is a U.S. citizen of Italian descent.
It may mean someone born in the United States with Italian parents or grandparents or someone born in Italy who moved to the United States.
The largest group of Italians moved to the United States in the early 1900s; two million moved between 1900 to 1914.
Only Irish and Germans moved to the United States in bigger numbers.
In 2000 the government counted 15.6 million Italian Americans in the United States.
This means that in the year 2000, for every 1000 Americans, 56 of them were Italian Americans.
Italian Americans have been an important part in building the United States.
Many great politicians, inventors, scientists, soldiers, musicians and film makers (actors and directors) have been Italian Americans.
The Mafia in the United States was made by some Italian Americans but nearly all Italian Americans have nothing to do with it.
New York City has more Italian Americans than any other city in the United States.
More than 3 million Italians live in or near New York.
The states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, California, Florida and Massachusetts also have large Italian American populations.
There are large Italian-American populations in the cities of Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Detroit, Ohio, which each have over a half million Italians.
Ethnic groups in the United States
This is a list of articles in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.
It includes municipalities that merged with others.
The capital of each district is in bold type.
District of Aigle
Noville
Ollon
District of Aubonne
District of Avenches
Bellerive
Champmartin
District of Cossonay
Boussens
Chevilly
Dizy
L'Isle (with La Courde)
Lussery (merged with Villars-Lussery to make Lussery-Villars)
Orny
Villars-Lussery (merged with Lussery to make Lussery-Villars)
District of Echallens
Assens
Froideville
Rueyres
District of Grandson
Giez
District of Lausanne
District of Lavaux
Cully
Forel
Grandvaux
Saint-Saphorin
District of Morges
Bussigny-près-Lausanne
Colombier
Etoy
Lavigny
Lully
District of Moudon
District of Nyon
District of Orbe
Croy
District of Oron
Carrouge
Mézières
District of Payerne
Chevroux
Treytorrens
Villarzel
District of the Pays d'Enhaut
Rougemont
District of Rolle
Gilly
Perroy
District of La Vallée
L'Abbaye (includes Les Bioux and Le Pont)
Le Chenit (includes Le Brassus, Le Sentier and L'Orient)
Le Lieu (includes Les Carbonnières and Le Sèchey)
District of Vevey
District of Yverdon
Orges
Pomy
Switzerland - Vaud
Switzerland-related lists
Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr. (; born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
He was nominated by President George W. Bush and has served on the court since January 31, 2006.
Alito was born to Italian American parents.
He served in the U.S. Army reserves from 1972 to 1980, as Assistant United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey 1977-1981, as Assistant to U.S. Solicitor General 1981-1985, as Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 1987-1990, and from 1990 on as a member the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit before his 2006 nomination to the Supreme Court.
Alito holds an originalist view of the law.
The vote by the U.S. Senate to confirm Alito to the Supreme Court judge was the second narrowest in recent U.S. History to that point (58-42), the only narrower one being the 52-48 vote to confirm Clarence Thomas.
Alito is from Trenton, New Jersey.
A House of Representatives is a part of some legislatures, which are law-making bodies.
In a House of Representatives, the members are called representatives.
For example, the legislature of the United States, called Congress, is made up of two parts.
One of these parts is called the House of Representatives and the other one is called the Senate.
A representative in the United States Congress is a "U.S. Representative".
Many state legislatures in the United States also have Houses of Representatives.
A representative in one of those state houses is a State Representative.
Abigail Johnson (born January 7, 1961) is an American businessperson.
She runs the mutual fund company Fidelity Investments with her father, Edward Johnson.
In 2005, she was ranked as the fifth richest woman in the world.
Johnson, Abigal
William Wrigley Jr. (September 30, 1861 – January 26, 1932) was an American businessman.
He was the founder of the Wm.
Wrigley Jr. Company.
His company makes Wrigley brand chewing gum.
Wrigley, Willian 02
1932 deaths
Daniel Constantine Marino, Jr. (born September 15, 1961) is a Hall of Fame quarterback who played for the Miami Dolphins in the National Football League.
Many think of him as one of the greatest quarterbacks ever.
Marino started his career playing for University of Pittsburgh as a quarterback.
Marino finished his career with the university having thrown 74 touchdown passes.
In 2002 he was voted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
He had a long and successful career as a quarterback for the Miami Dolphins, breaking many passing records but never leading his team to win the NFL Super Bowl.
Miami Dolphins players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Joseph Clifford Montana, Jr. (born June 11, 1956) is a retired American Hall of Fame football player.
He played as a quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers and the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League.
With the San Francisco 49ers, he won four Super Bowls.
He was named the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times.
Montana began his career playing for the University of Notre Dame in Indiana.
He broke many records while playing for San Francisco.
His main receiver was Jerry Rice, who is also in the Hall of Fame.
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Kansas City Chiefs players
San Francisco 49ers players
A hall of fame is a type of museum for awards in certain areas where awards can be given, for example sport, art, theatre, music, agriculture, military and many more areas.
A hall of fame is sometimes an actual building where awards, trophies and memrobilia are stored but sometimes a hall of Fame is just a list of award winners.
To get into a hall of fame in any area, one must be the best in that area, or one of the best.
The first hall of fame was the Forum Augustum in Ancient Rome.
It was built by Augustus who vowed to build a temple honoring Mars, the Roman God of war, during the battle of Philippi in 42 BC.
The Forum incuded statues of heroes of the Ancient world.
Once Upon a Time in America is a 1984 movie directed by Sergio Leone and starring Robert De Niro and James Woods as Jewish gangsters.
The movie was Sergio Leone's last before his death.
the early 1920s; the characters as children,
the early 1930s; the characters as adults,
1968; the few still living characters in their old age.
When Leone finished making the movie it was 229 minutes (3 hours and 49 minutes) and started with an old character (Robert De Niro) remembering his past; it then showed him as a child and as a young adult.
We call this flashbacks; it can happen in movie but certainly not in real life.
But when it was first shown to American audiences it was made much shorter and set in chronological order; meaning the movie first showed the characters as children, then as young adults and then as older adults; or 'from start to finish'.
We call this chronological; this is what would happen in real life.
Many people agree that the longer version is much better than the shortened chronological version.
1984 movies
Italian drama movies
Movies directed by Sergio Leone
Liu-bo is an Italian martial art.
It started in Sicily.
In Sicily, the art of paranza, moving the stick by hand in order to attack or in order to defend oneself, was being taught to sons by their fathers for centuries.
Many people who took care of sheep were masters of it.
They often were asked to fight in order to decide problems of honor.
Recently, rules have been created and it was made a sport.
This sport has become well-known and has been made official by the National Educational Sport Center (CSEN).
The stick
The stick is made from the wood of olive, rowan,  or bitter orange tree.
It is used as a base for a number of actions.
It is held in one or both hands.
http://www.liu-bo.it/
http://bastone-siciliano.com/
European martial arts
; born August 23) is a Japanese voice actress from Tokyo, Japan.
Anime cast in
Ar Tonelico as Orica Mestomille
D.C.S.S. ~Da Capo Second Season~ as Aisia
Gift ~eternal rainbow~ as Kirino Konosaka
Hime-sama Goyojin as Na-na
Izumo: Takeki Tsurugi no Senki as Suzaku
Magical Kanan as Emi Kojima
Ray as Aka Ribbon
as Remon Natsume
Sumomomo Momomo as Iroha Minamoto
Ui Miyazaki at Anime News Network's Encyclopedia
Official blog
Official agency profile
Ui Miyazaki  at GamePlaza-Haruka Voice Acting Database
Ui Miyazaki at Hitoshi Doi's Seiyuu Database
Actors from Tokyo
Japanese voice actors
Edward the Elder (c. 874-877-17 July 924) was a West Saxon nobleman.
He was the King of Wessex but assumed the title King of the Anglo-Saxons.
He was king from 899 until his death in 924.
Atheling
Edward was the son of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith.
She was a daughter of Ethelred, also called Mucill, Ealdorman of the Gaini.
He was born about the year 870.
As one of at least three athelings, it was not absolutely certain he would be king after his father.
His cousin, Aethelwold, was older and was the son of Alfred's older brother Athelred of Wessex.
When he was about four years old Edward was sent to Rome.
There, in a ceremony, he was given a sword, belt and given the rank of consul.
This is one of several things Alfred did to make Edward the first choice among the Athelings who would succeed him as king.
By a past agreement Alfred had control of most of the royal estates.
He could leave all or some to Edward.
In the 880s, Alfred made a will giving most of the royal estates to his son Edward, and left his two nephews only modest lands in the eastern part of the realm.
This meant that if Ethelhelm were selected as king over Edward, he might not have enough income to support himself as king.
Edward ruled from time of his father's death on 26 October, 899.
But he wasn't coronated until Whitsunday (8 June) of 900.
His reign began with his cousin Athelwold, son of King Athelred, seizing the royal manors of Wimborne and Christchurch.
When Edward confronted him Athelwold fled.
He left behind a nun he had abducted.
Athelwold was accepted by the Danes of Northumbria.
There he was elected King of York.
In 901 Athelwold was in Essex with a fleet he raised over seas.
In 902 he convinced a Danish army in East Anglia to raid into Wessex and Mercia with him.
In response Edward led his army into East Anglia and destroyed the countryside.
Edward ordered his troops to retire back to Wessex, but the Kentish men disobeyed his orders and stayed behind.
The Danish army quickly caught up with them.
In the battle that followed, Ethelwald was killed.
Edward continued his wars against the Danes.
He received a great deal of aid from his sister, Ethelflaeda.
She had married Ethelred of Mercia and at his death she became the leader of the Mercians.
Together Edward and Ethelflaeda defeated the Danes in numerous battles.
But Ethelflaeda also built a line of fortresses on the Mercian Frontier.
This was what her father Alfred the Great had done on the Wessex borders with the Danish held territories.
Edward began to use these fortresses differently.
Not just for defense of his own lands he used them to hold captured lands.
Edward and his sister were very successful against the Danes.
So much so they quit raiding into Wessex and Mercia.
Freed of wars with the Daneds, Edward could attend to other issues.
He brought Strathclyde and parts of Northumbria under his control.
He also brought Mercia under his direct rule after his sister Ethelflaeda died.
The appearance of the Viking leader Ragnvald in York slowed his progress.
But by the end of his reign he had control of all lands south of the River Humber.
In a treaty Ragnvald, the kings of Strathclyde and the Scots recognized his rule.
In 924 Mercian nobles wanting to be free of Edward's rule made an alliance with the Welsh.
Edward quickly put down the rebellion and placed a garrison in the town of Chester.
But this expedition proved to be his last.
Edward died 17 July 924.
Before the end of the year his son Athelstan was recognized as the rightful king.
Edward's first wife was Egwina.
Athelstan (c.893–939), succeeded as King of England.
A daughter who married Sihtric Cáoch, Viking king of York.
Edward married secondly, Elfleda, a daughter of Æthelhelm.
* Ælfweard of Wessex († 925), died 16 days after his father.
Edgiva († aft.
951), married Charles the Simple
Ethelhild, a nun at Wilton.
Eadhild, married Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris.
Eadgyth († 946/47), married Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.
Eadfled, became a nun at Wilton.
Adiva, married in 929 Boleslaw I, Duke of Bohemia.
As his third wife, Edward married Eadgifu, the daughter of Sigehelm.
Edmund (921–946).
Eadred (923–955)
Edburga, nun at Winchester.
Eadgifu, married Louis of Aquitaine.
The laws of King Edward the Elder
870s births
924 deaths
King Athelstan succeeds to the throne of Mercia
July 17 – Edward the Elder of England
Ælfweard of Wessex, son of Edward the Elder
Aelfweard (904 - 2 August 924) was briefly the King of Wessex, following the death of his father, Edward the Elder.
The Kingdom of England was divided between Aelfweard and his half-brother, Athelstan, who became King of Mercia.
Aelfweard lived for only 16 days after his father and was probably not even crowned.
Athelstan became King of Wessex in September 924, so the English kingdom was re-united again.
904 births
Edmund I (922  26 May 946), the Elder, the Deed-Doer or the Magnificent, was King of England from 939 until his death.
He was a son of Edward the Elder and a half-brother of Athelstan.
Edmund was the first king to start his rule with a united England.
Early in his rule, the Norse king, Olaf Guthfrithson, took back much of the north of England.
By 941, Edmund regained his northern lands from the Norse.
He defeated a revolt by the Welsh and killed the Scottish King of Strathclyde, Donald MacDonald.
He signed a treaty with Malcolm I of Scotland and set up a policy of safe borders.
With is first wife, St. Aelfgith, he had two children who became King Eadwig All-Fair and King Edgar the Peacemaker.
After she died in 944  Edmund married Ethelflaed of Damerham.
During the Feast of St. Augustine, on 26 May 946, at Pucklechurch in Gloucester, Edmund was killed fighting a thief who would not leave the feast.
He was succeeded by his brother Edred.
Edmund is buried at Glastonbury Abbey.
921 births
946 deaths
A beak, a bill, or a rostrum is the nose and mouth of a bird.
The beak is used for eating, fighting, grooming, and many other things.
Beaks on different types of birds can be very different in size, shape and color.
Beaks are made of an upper and lower mandible.
In most species, two holes are used for breathing.
The upper and lower parts of the beak are called mandibles.
They are attached to the skull.
The upper mandible is attached using several smaller bones, and is able to move up.
The mandibles are bones that are covered in a rhamphotheca - a thin layer of hard skin.
This hard skin is similar to horns, nails, and claws, and grows constantly.
In some birds the rhamphotheca has different colors in different times of year.
Beaks can have color spots that can be seen in ultraviolet light.
The edges of the mandibles are used for cutting and grabbing food.
Some birds have sharp points or grooves on the edge of the beak.
These shapes make it easier to hold insects or break seeds.
Birds that hunt fish or other animals often have more sharp points.
The gape is the inside of the open mouth of a bird.
Baby birds of some species have bright colors in their gape, including spots that can be seen in ultraviolet light.
Parent birds use these colored spots to choose which baby to feed.
The color spots go away as the babies grow.
The nostrils are the two breathing holes on the beak.
They are usually on the top mandible on the part close to the head.
A few species breathe through their mouths and have no nostrils.
In some birds the nostrils cannot be seen because they are under feathers or a cover called an operculum.
Some birds like parrots, raptors, and turkeys have a cere - a waxy area covering the beak near the head.
Most species that have a cere have their nostrils in it.
Male and female birds in some species are told apart by the color of their cere.
Ducks, geese, and swans have a special plate at the end of the beak called a nail.
The nail is hard and is used to force out food that is stuck to a surface or in the ground.
The egg tooth is a small, hard lump that grows on the tip of baby bird beaks.
It grows before they hatch and falls off soon after.
Birds use the egg tooth to break open the egg from the inside.
Only a few species of birds kick the inside of the egg to hatch instead of using an egg tooth.
A bird is able to stab or bite with its beak.
Birds also use their beaks as a threat when afraid or angry, by opening them wide.
Sometimes birds hiss or clap their beaks at the same time.
Beaks are used for preening (grooming the feathers).
A bird can comb its feathers with its beak to adjust any that are badly positioned.
Many birds spread a thin layer of oil onto their feathers, which helps to waterproof them.
They also remove any dirt or parasites at the same time.
Many birds use beaks during courtship.
They may dance, touch each other's beaks, or tap things with their beaks.
In some species, birds may preen each other as either a friendship behavior or courting behavior.
Birds lose body heat through their beaks because beaks have blood in them and are not covered with feathers.
Birds in warm places can lose heat this way without sweating and losing water.
Birds in cold climates have smaller beaks to stop too much heat loss.
The corals are marine, either on continental shelves or round oceanic islands.
They live in colonies.
All the polyps in a colony are zooids: they are all clones, genetically identical.
Inside the colony they breed by asexual reproduction.
They also reproduce sexually.
Colonies of the same species release gametes together, over one, two or three nights around a full moon.
Each coral animal is like a small bag.
The opening on top is the mouth.
Tentacles (little arms) around the mouth carry stinging nematocysts, which paralyse the small animals eaten by the coral polyps.
Coral usually grows in tropical oceans.
A few corals grow in cold water, like the oceans around the British Isles and Norway.
Most corals get energy and nutrients from symbiosis with photosynthetic unicellular algae called zooxanthellae.
Such corals need sunlight and grow in clear, shallow water, typically at depths less than 60 metres (200 ft).
Many corals (and some other cnidaria) live with zooxanthellae of the genus Symbiodinium, which are dinoflagellates.
Usually, each polyp harbours one species of algae.
By photosynthesis, these provide energy for the coral, and help calcification.
The algae benefit from a safe place to live and consume the polyp's carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste.
Due to the strain the algae can put on the polyp, the coral often ejects the algae.
Mass ejections are known as coral bleaching, because the algae contribute to coral's brown coloration.
Ejection increases the polyp's chance of surviving short-term stress—they can regain algae, possibly of a different species, at a later time.
If the stressful conditions persist, the polyp eventually dies.
Coral reefs
A coral reef is a place where many corals grow.
The reef makes good places for many other animals, such as fish, crabs, clams, and sponges.
Each coral animal secretes calcium carbonate around itself.
This makes the solid structure of the colony.
When the animal dies, new polyps live on top of the older structure.
The rock they make is also called coral.
They are called coral skeletons.
Each different kind of coral colony builds a different kind of skeleton, so that colonies can be shaped like a brain, a mushroom, a cabbage, or many other things.
With all these corals gathered together building skeletons around themselves, large coral formations are made.
Together, all the coral formations in one place make up a coral reef.
Coral Reefs and Hard Grounds information  from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Coral Reefs of the Tropics : facts, photos and movies from The Nature Conservancy
Australian Coral Records Research Group
Sweyn I, or Sweyn Forkbeard, (17 April 963 - 3 February 1014)  was King of Denmark from about 985-3 February 1014 and King of England from 25 December 1013-3 February 1014.
Sweyn's father was Harald Bluetooth, King of Denmark.
Sweyn invaded England many times between 990 and 1013, when his army took control of London on Christmas day.
Sweyn briefly became King of England until he died 40 days later on 3 February 1014 after being hurt in a fall from his horse.
960 births
1014 deaths
The Dollars trilogy, also known as The Man with No Name trilogy, refers to the three Spaghetti Westerns starring Clint Eastwood and directed by Sergio Leone:
A Fistful of Dollars (1964)
For a Few Dollars More (1965)
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966)
Western movies
Series of movies
Blue Line International  is an international maritime company.
They deal in the transportation of passengers and vehicles between Croatia and Italy.
Blue Line International was started in 1993.
Its first passenger ship Kraljica mira sailed towards Italy carrying humanitarian aid and refugees.
Kraljica mira was sailing at that time under the flag of SEM Maritime Company (SMC).
In 1997, the passenger ship Split 1700 joined the same company.
In 2003, Blue Line International replaced SMC.
The passenger ship Ancona, the largest ship in the Adriatic Sea was bought in 2003.
It has been sailing together with the passenger ship Split 1700 for several years on Blue Line's regular route.
They maintain the seasonal lines between Ancona and Hvar and between Ancona and Vis.
Blue Line International web page
Transport companies of Italy
1990s establishments in Italy
Flainval is a town in France.
It is near Dombasle-sur-Meurthe.
Communes in Meurthe-et-Moselle
Dombasle-sur-Meurthe is a town in France.
It is near Saint-Nicolas-de-Port on the Meurthe River.
Club owning
Footballers sign a contract with clubs, playing for them until their expire date.
At this point, a footballer can make another contract or move to another club.
During a game, each team uses 11 players with the compulsory presences of a goalkeeper and a captain.
Roles are as follows: goalkeeper, defender, midfielder and attacker.
Each of these have more positions, for example:
Full-back, centre-back or sweeper (defenders)
Half-back, central or playmaker (midfielders)
Centre-forward, winger or striker (attackers)
Frederick Bean "Tex" Avery (February 26, 1908 – August 26, 1980) was an American animator, cartoonist and director.
He is famous for creating animated cartoons during the Golden Age of Hollywood.
He did his most major work for the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios.
He created the characters of Porky Pig, Daffy Duck, Bugs Bunny, and Droopy.
His had an effect on almost all of the animated cartoon series by various studios in the 1940s and 1950s.
Adamson, Joe  (1975).
Tex Avery: King of Cartoons.
New York: Da Capo Press. .
Barrier, Michael (1999).
Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age.
Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
Benayoun, Robert (1988).
Le mystère Tex Avery.
Paris: Editions du Seuil. .
Canemaker, John (1996).
Tex Avery: The MGM Years, 1942–1955.
Atlanta: Turner Press. .
Morris, Gary (September 1998).
What's Up, Tex?
A Look at the Life and Career of Tex Avery .
Bright Lights Film Journal.
Tex Avery Tribute website
Edgar the Aethling (or Edgar the Ætheling, c. 1051 – c. 1126) was a claimant to the throne of England in 1066 after Edward the Confessor died.<ref>"Atheling" means "prince of the royal family</ref> Edgar was a popular choice among the English, because he was English and a grandson of Edmund Ironside.
Edgar was born in Hungary because his father was in exile there.
When Edgar was five, his father, Edward the Exile returned to England from Hungary.
He had been exiled from England during the Viking reign.
Soon after returning, Edgar’s father died under mysterious circumstances.
Kingship of England
Edward the Confessor, who had no children, had promised the throne to his nephew Edward the Exile, his nearest living relative.
In 1057, the king's messengers found Edward The Exile, his wife Agatha, their two daughters and son Edgar living in Hungary.
Edward agreed to return to England and brought his family.
But a few days after their arrival Edward was killed.
At the time Edgar was only five years old.
When Edward the Confessor died Edgar was still young (15 years old) and had no experience, money or soldiers.
The leaders in England expected attacks from Norway and Normandy.
Under these conditions, Edgar was not a good choice as king.
Royal succession in Anglo-Saxon England was determined by the Witenagemot (Witan), a council of wise men.
While Edgar was an Etheling (a prince of the royal family) he was not the heir apparent.
That designation was unknown in Anglo-Saxon England.
A king could recommend his successor but the actual choice of King was made by the Witan.
The first thing the Witan did was choose Edward's brother-in-law, Harold Godwinson to be the next king.
On the same day Edward, the Confessor was buried, Harold Godwinson was hurriedly crowned king at Westminster Abbey.
Nine months later, on 14 October 1066 at the battle of Hastings Harold was killed.
Duke William rested his army for five days before marching to London.
During this time Edgar was selected as king in London.
It was thought a second army could be raised to fight the Normans if they had a king whose name could unite England.
But William took control of England with his army before Edgar could be crowned.
William met with the English leaders including Edgar, at Berkhamsted.
There William received oaths of fealty and received hostages from Edgar.
After the Norman Invasion
Six months after Berkhamsted, King William returned to Normandy.
To make things easier for his representatives left to govern England, he took Edgar and others with him.
At the end of 1067 William brought Edgar back to England when he returned.
In the summer of 1068 Edgar took his mother and sisters and escaped to Scotland.
His sister, Margaret, married King Malcolm III of Scotland.
Along with Malcolm, Edgar took part in several military campaigns against William, now King of England.
He later took part in the Crusades.
Edgar remained unmarried and never produced any children.
He lived until c.1126 (Aged 75).
Edgar was the last living male member of the Anglo-Saxon royalty.
Edgar was a direct descendant of a line of Wessex kings that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' traced back to the dynasty's supposed 6th century founder, Cerdic, a descent that includes Alfred the Great.
His grandfather, great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather were all Kings of England before Cnut the Great took the crown.
Edgar the Atheling, English Monarchs
Edgar the Atheling, Schoolhistory.com
1051 births
1120s deaths
The McIntosh is a type of apple.
It is red and green like a Gala apple only brighter in color.
Tart and crisp, it snaps when bitten into.
There are 400 municipalities in the canton of Bern (including mergers), Switzerland.
It is the largest canton in Switzerland and has the most communes.
Switzerland - Bern
King Edgar or Eadgar I (~942 – 8 July 975) was the younger son of King Edmund I of England.
He had the nickname, "the Peaceable", but was a stronger king than his elder brother, Edwy.
He took the kingdoms of Northumbria and Mercia from Edwy in 958.
Edgar was recognized as king north of the Thames by Mercian nobles in 958, and officially took the throne when Edwy died in October 959.
Immediately Edgar recalled Dunstan from exile and made him successively Bishop of Worcester, then of London and finally Archbishop of Canterbury.
Medieval Sourcebook: Anglo-Saxon Dooms: laws of King Edgar, a fragment
Edgar of England At Find A Grave
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry
975 deaths
This is a list of mottos for the different states of the United States.
To help tourism, states can also make state slogans.
District of Columbia and United States Territories
http://www.cco.net/~paz/motto&songs.htm
Kentucky's newer motto
Mottos, List of U.S. state
Sauropsids are a group of land vertebrates which includes all existing "reptiles" and birds and their fossil ancestors.
They are one of the two groups which evolved from egg-laying amniotes in the first part of the Carboniferous period.
The synapsids are the other group which evolved from amniotes.
They gave rise, eventually, to the mammals.
Living sauropsids include lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, and birds.
Extinct sauropsids include non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, and many others.
Origin of tetrapods
Coelacanthimorpha (Coelacanths)
Tetrapodomorpha (fishapods)
The earlies tetrapods lived in water.
Clear fossil tetrapod tracks from the mid-Devonian predate previous tetrapod records by 18 million years.
Nine genera of Devonian tetrapods have been described.
These earliest tetrapods were not terrestrial.
They lived in swampy habitats like shallow wetlands, coastal lagoons, brackish river deltas, and even shallow marine sediments.
Romer's gap
Between the lobe-finned fish tetrapods and the first amphibia and amniotes in the Middle Carboniferous lies a gap of 30 million years, with few satisfactory tetrapod fossils.
This, noted in 1950, is Romer's gap.
Some new fossils were found in the 1990s, such as Pederpes, right in the middle of the Romer Gap.
The gap still obscures the details of the tetrapod transition.
Sometime, in the later Devonian or earliest Carboniferous, the fishapods became mainly land-based.
One group of them kept their link to the water, and always laid their eggs in water.
They became the amphibians.
The others evolved a way of laying eggs on land.
They were the amniotes, whose key innovation was the cleidoic egg.
Sometime in the middle or lower Carboniferous, the amniotes split into two lines.
One line lead to the reptiles of all kinds, and we call that the Sauropsida.
The other line led eventually to the mammals, and we call that the Synapsida.
It is not right to say "mammals evolved from reptiles" because both groups derived from early amniotes.
In any event, modern reptiles are vastly different from modern mammals.
Both groups have evolved for over 300 million years from the early amniotes.
Tetrapods
Land-dwelling tetrapods
Amphibians > amniota and present-day amphibians
Amniota
Sauropsida > present-day reptiles and birds
Synapsida > present-day mammals
The conservation status of a species shows how likely it is for that species to survive now or in the future.
Many factors affect the conservation status of a species: the number remaining, the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, known threats, and others.
Abstract algebra is a part of math which studies algebraic structures.
vector spaces
algebras
During history, different fields of mathematics have used algebras.
Algebras are about finding or specifying rules on how to calculate with certain mathematical formulas and expressions.
Another algebra (which is not abstract) is elementary algebra, for example.
Solving equations with many variables.
This leads to matrices, determinants and linear algebra.
Finding formulas for polynomial equations.
This led to the discovery of groups, as an expression of symmetry.
Quadratic and higher-degree equations and Diophantine equations - especially when Fermat's last theorem was proved led to the definition of rings, and ideals.
Allenby, R. B. J. T. (1991), Rings, Fields and Groups, Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 978-0-340-54440-2
Artin, Michael (1991), Algebra, Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0-89871-510-1
Burris, Stanley N.; Sankappanavar, H. P. (1999) [1981], A Course in Universal Algebra
Gilbert, Jimmie; Gilbert, Linda (2005), Elements of Modern Algebra, Thomson Brooks/Cole, ISBN 978-0-534-40264-8
Lang, Serge (2002), Algebra, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 211 (Revised third ed.),
New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0-387-95385-4, MR 1878556
Sethuraman, B. A. (1996), Rings, Fields, Vector Spaces, and Group Theory: An Introduction to Abstract Algebra via Geometric Constructibility, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0-387-94848-5
Whitehead, C. (2002), Guide to Abstract Algebra (2nd ed.),
Houndmills: Palgrave, ISBN 978-0-333-79447-0
W. Keith Nicholson (2012) Introduction to Abstract Algebra, 4th edition, John Wiley & Sons ISBN 978-1-118-13535-8 .
John R. Durbin (1992) Modern Algebra : an introduction, John Wiley & Sons
In mathematics, a geodesic is the shortest path between 2 points over a curved surface.
For example, an aeroplane takes the shortest path to go from one destination to the next.
However the earth is not flat, it has the shape of a sphere.
Displayed on a map you would see a curved line.
Paths on a sphere are also called great circles, such that in this case, two points are joined by two distinct geodesics.
A minimal geodesic (or segment) is a particular case where the geodesic joining two distant points has the shortest length.
Anarcho-syndicalism is a form of anarchism.
It sees labour unions as something which will cause revolutionary change.
This change will give freedom and equality to the workers.
Anarcho-syndicalists want to get rid of the wage system and capitalism.
They believe this leads to class divisions and inequality.
Workers’ solidarity
Direct action
Workers' self-management
Anarcho-syndicalists believe that only direct action can bring about change.
Anarcho-syndicalists do not take part in indirect action, like electing a representative to a government position.
Libertarian Communist Library - Contains Many Anarcho-Syndicalist Texts
Trotskyism is the form of communism that is based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky.
Trotsky described himself as an "orthodox Marxist".
This is a different way of seeing the ideas of Karl Marx than the way other communists like Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin saw them.
The biggest difference is in Trotsky's idea that there needs to be an international "permanent revolution".
A permanent revolution is the idea that proletarian revolution needed to spread in countries worldwide, even where capitalism was not as advanced as only the proletarian revolution could carry out the tasks of the unfinished bourgeois revolutions in these countries.
This is different to the Stalinist idea of trying to preserve a single nation's revolution from within.
Trotsky also supported a less authoritarian government and more democracy.
The largest Trotskyist organizations today are the  Reunified Fourth International, International Socialist Tendency, the International Communist League, and the  Committee for a Workers' International.
A Fistful of Dollars (1964) is a Spaghetti Western movie directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood.
It is the first movie in the Dollars trilogy and was the first Spaghetti Western to be released in the United States.
The second movie in the Dollars Trilogy is For a Few Dollars More; the third is The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.
Fistful-of-Leone.com
The Spaghetti Western Database
Italian movies
Spanish movies
German movies
Movies composed by Ennio Morricone
For a Few Dollars More (1965) is a Spaghetti Western movie directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood.
It is the second movie in the Dollars trilogy and was released in the United States in 1967.
The first movie in the trilogy is A Fistful of Dollars; the third is The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.
1965 movies
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) is a Spaghetti Western movie directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood.