the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Stingrays feed mostly on molluscs, crustaceans, and occasionally on small fish.
Some stingrays' mouths have two powerful, shell-crushing plates, while other species have sucking mouthparts that bring in the plankton.
Stingrays are ovoviviparous, bearing live young in 'litters' of five to thirteen.
The female holds the embryos in the womb without a placenta.
Instead, the embryos absorb nutrients from a yolk sac, and after the sac is depleted, the mother provides uterine 'milk'.
At the Sea Life London Aquarium two female stingrays have delivered seven baby stingrays, although the mothers have not been near a male for two years. "
Rays have been known to store sperm and not give birth until they decide the timing is right".
Like all fish, stingrays get little  parasites (such as flukes or copepods) on their gills or body.
A cleaner fish helps the stingrays by eating the parasites it can get at.
There are eight families in the stingray group.
Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray),
Plesiobatidae (deep water stingray),
Urolophidae (stingarees),
Urotrygonidae (round rays),
Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays),
Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays),
Gymnuridae (butterfly rays), and
Myliobatidae (eagle rays).
Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff (; pronounced rahk-MAH-nin-off) was a famous Russian composer and pianist.
He was born on April 1, 1873 (N.S.) and died on March 28, 1943.
Because the Russian language uses a different alphabet his name is sometimes spelled in different ways in English (“Sergei” or “Sergey”, and “Rachmaninoff”, “Rachmaninov”, “Rakhmaninov” or “Rakhmaninoff”). "
Sergei Rachmaninoff" is the way he spelled his own name when he was in the United States.
Rachmaninoff is considered one of the greatest pianists of the 1900's.
He could play extremely difficult music and had very large hands, so that he could play chords with large stretches.
It is said that he could play a 13th.
Rachmaninoff was a very tall man for his times, standing about 6' 6".
Rachmaninoff is also considered a great composer, writing very well in the Romantic style, even though he lived most of his adult life in the 1900s, whereas the Romantic style period is usually said to have ended around 1910.
His music is characterized by lyrical melodies that are very memorable.
His piano compositions are among the most difficult to play in the keyboard.
Rachmaninoff was born in Semyonovo, near Novgorod in the north-west of Russia.
Members of his family were important people who had been in the service of the tsars of Russia.
His parents played the piano and arranged for him to have piano lessons in Saint Petersburg and then Moscow.
While he was still a student he wrote a short opera called Aleko.
He also wrote some piano pieces including a Prelude in C sharp minor with loud, heavy chords.
This piece became extremely famous and is still very popular today.
He used to get fed up with people asking him to play the piece.
Not all his music was well-liked at first.
The critics thought his First Symphony was very bad.
This may have been because the orchestra played it so badly some of Rachmaninoff's friends thought the conductor was drunk, but the public reaction made Rachmaninoff compose a lot less for a while.
After some years of feeling depressed he wrote his Second Piano Concerto which everybody liked very much, and is one of his most popular pieces.
Rachmaninoff became happier.
He was allowed to marry Natalia after years of engagement during which the Russian Orthodox Church did not want them to be married.
The political conditions in Russia were bad so he lived in Germany and Italy for a time.
After the Russian Revolution of 1917 he left his country and never returned.
He had been very successful with his Third Piano Concerto in the United States, so he went to live in the United States in 1918.
Russia had become the Soviet Union and for many years Rachmaninoff’s music was not allowed to be performed there.
This worried him a lot and he felt homesick.
He did not write very much music during the rest of his life in the United States.
One work that did become very popular was the Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini which he wrote in Switzerland in 1934.
He died of melanoma in Beverly Hills, California.
Rachmaninoff’s piano music is mostly difficult to play.
He wrote many short pieces called preludes, and some studies which are considered to be very hard.
As well as the Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini he wrote four piano concertos.
The Second and Third are very popular today, as is his Second Symphony.
The second concerto reaches the lowest C on the piano, making it one of the lowest pieces of music (this is lower than a bass, which goes down to D).
He wrote some very beautiful choral music which includes a piece for choir and orchestra called The Bells and a very long, religious work called the All-Night Vigil (sometimes called the Vespers).
There are several excellent recordings of Rachmaninoff playing his own music.
Most of these are available now on CD reissues.
Sergei Rachmaninoff Site
1873 births
Turbot is a large flatfish.
It is a demersal fish which lives in marine or brackish waters.
It is found in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
Turbot are fished for food, and have a delicate flavour.
They are farmed in a number of countries, and are quite expensive in restaurants.
When caught, professional fishermen often make small cuts through the bone near the tailfin.
This lets the blood out and keeps the meat white.
Storing the Turbot upside down also helps in keeping the underside of the fish white.
William Gallas (born 17 August 1977) is a French football player.
He plays for Arsenal in England.
He plays as a Defender.
Before joining Arsenal, Gallas has played for Olympique Marseille of France and Chelsea of England.
He also played for France in the 2006 World Cup, winning the runner-up.
In 2006 he turned to join Arsenal.
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Caen||Division 2||16||0||||||||||||||16||0
|1996/97||Division 1||18||0||||||||||||||18||0
|1997/98||rowspan="4"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="4"|Division 1||3||0||||||||||||||3||0
|1998/99||30||0||||||||||||||30||0
|1999/00||22||0||||||||||||||22||0
|2000/01||29||2||||||||||||||29||2
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Chelsea||rowspan="5"|Premier League||30||1||||||||||||||30||1
|2002/03||38||4||||||||||||||38||4
|2003/04||29||0||||||||||||||29||0
|2004/05||28||2||||||||||||||28||2
|2005/06||34||5||||||||||||||34||5
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Arsenal||rowspan="4"|Premier League||21||3||2||0||0||0||6||0||29||3
|2007/08||31||4||2||0||1||0||8||0||42||4
|2008/09||23||2||4||1||0||0||9||3||36||6
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
|2004||15||0
|2005||11||1
|2006||15||1
Total||84||4
Ruud Van Nistelrooy (born 1 July 1976) is a Dutch retired professional football player who has played for the Netherlands national team.
He is the fourth-highest goalscorer in UEFA Champions League history with 56 goals.
He played for Manchester United until 2006, where he has the record for being the club's top scorer in European competition.
Van Nistelrooy last played for Hamburger SV.
His retired on 14 May 2012.
|1993/94||rowspan="4"|Den Bosch||rowspan="4"|Eerste Divisie||2||0||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|1994/95||15||3||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||3
|1995/96||21||2||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||2
|1996/97||31||12||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||12
|1997/98||Heerenveen||Eredivisie||31||13||5||3||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||36||16
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|PSV Eindhoven||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||34||31||5||1||colspan="2"|-||7||6||46||38
|1999/00||23||29||2||0||colspan="2"|-||8||3||33||32
|2000/01||10||2||2||3||colspan="2"|-||0||0||12||5
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Manchester United||rowspan="5"|Premier League||32||23||2||2||0||0||14||10||48||35
|2002/03||34||25||3||4||4||1||11||14||52||44
|2003/04||32||20||4||6||0||0||7||4||43||30
|2004/05||17||6||3||2||0||0||7||8||27||16
|2005/06||35||21||2||0||2||1||8||2||47||24
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Real Madrid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||37||25||3||2||0||0||7||6||47||33
|2007/08||24||16||2||0||1||0||7||4||34||20
|2008/09||6||4||0||0||2||3||4||3||12||10
|2009/10||1||1||2||0||0||0||1||0||4||1
|2009/10||Hamburger SV||Bundesliga||||||||||||||||||||
|2001||7||7
|2003||8||5
|2005||9||5
|2007||5||2
|2008||5||3
Total||64||33
Dutch footballers
People from Oss
Sportspeople from North Brabant
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an African-American civil rights activist.
She was called "the mother of the Modern-Day American civil rights movement" and "the mother of the freedom movement".
Parks is best known for what she did in her home town of Montgomery, Alabama on December 1, 1955.
While she sat in a seat in the middle of the bus, the bus driver told her to move to the back of the bus so a white passenger could take the seat in the front of the bus.
During this time, when there were no white seats for white people, black people were told to get up out of their seat.
Parks refused to move.
She was a member of the local chapter of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
Like so many others she was tired of being treated as a lower class person because of the color of her skin.
This led to the Montgomery bus boycott.
The boycott lasted 381 days.
This caused a change in the law.
After that, black people were able to sit wherever they wanted to on the bus.
Her refusal to let others treat her differently was an important symbol in the campaign against racial segregation.
Rosa Parks was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913.
Her parents were James and Leona McCauley.
She was mainly of African ancestry.
One of her great-grandfathers was Scots-Irish and went to Charleston, South Carolina as an indentured servant.
Her father left home to find work when Rosa was 2 years old.
Her mother taught school in another town.
Rosa and her brother Sylvester were brought up by their grandparents.
Rosa started school in 1919 when she was 6 years old.
At that time, schools were segregated.
There were black schools and white schools.
Later, Parks remembered how buses took white students to their school, but black students had to walk to theirs:
I'd see the bus pass every day... But to me, that was a way of life; we had no choice but to accept what was the custom.
The bus was among the first ways I realized there was a black world and a white world.
In 1924 she went to the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls in Montgomery, Alabama.
After 5 years, she left school and went to work in a shirt factory.
She also took care of her grandmother.
On December 1, 1955, Parks got onto a city bus to go home after work.
She paid her 10¢ and sat down in the first row of seats behind the painted line on the floor which marked the black section.
After several stops, more white passengers got on the bus.
The bus driver ordered Parks and three other black people to give up their seats so the white people could sit down.
The other three moved to the back of the bus, but Parks slid over to the window.
She said she was following the law by sitting in the right section.
Later, she said that when she was told to go to the back of the bus, "I thought of Emmett Till and I just couldn't go back."
(Till was a black 14-year-old boy who was lynched in Mississippi about three months earlier.)
The driver stopped the bus and called the police.
Two police officers arrested Parks and took her to jail for violating Alabama's bus laws.
Her mother called upon Edgar Nixon to bail her out.
Nixon was the president of the local NAACP chapter.
Nixon knew the danger Parks was in and immediately arranged her bail.
The local NAACP had been looking for a test case to challenge the bus segregation laws.
Parks was a respected working woman.
She was well-spoken, and her case would be a good way to challenge the law.
It was decided that on December 5, a boycott of all the buses in Montgomery would be held.
The word was spread throughout the black community of the intended bus boycott.
Black ministers told their congregations to support the boycott.
On Monday, December 5th, Rosa Parks had to appear in court.
This was also the first day black riders would stay off the Montgomery buses.
The streets of Montgomery were filled with black people walking to work.
Black children walked to school.
That same morning, all Montgomery buses were assigned two motorcycle policemen to guard against any black gangs intimidating riders.
There were no black gangs.
The black community simply cooperated with the boycott.
The buses remained empty all day.
White riders fearing trouble stayed off the buses as well.
In addition to the charge of violating the bus laws, Parks was also charged with disorderly conduct.
Her trial was quick, only about 30 minutes.
The court found her guilty of all charges and fined her $14.
The boycott continued.
Parks appealed her conviction.
Her attorney, Fred Parks, and others in the NAACP brought an appeal named Browder v. Gayle.
The appeals court ruled on June 19, 1956 in favor of the black citizens of Montgomery.
But the city appealed the decision.
On September 13, 1956, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the lower court.
The bus boycott ended.
It had lasted 381 days.
Black citizens of Montgomery could ride the buses and sit where they chose.
Rosa Parks rode the bus again on December 21, 1956.
This time it was an integrated bus.
Ironically, she had the same bus driver who had her arrested the year before.
In an interview, Parks said "He didn't react (pause) and neither did I".
Rosa Parks was a heroine of the black community.
While she didn't do it alone, her actions sparked a fire that led to great changes.
After the boycott
After the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Parks went through many difficulties.
She lost her job at the department store.
Her husband was forced to quit his job.
In 1957, Parks and her husband left Montgomery for Hampton, Virginia to find work.
In Hampton, Parks found a job as a hostess in an inn at Hampton Institute, a historically black college.
Later, Parks and her husband moved to Detroit, Michigan.
Parks continued to work as an activist.
For years, she worked for United States Congressman John Conyers.
After that, she worked as an activist against apartheid in South Africa.
She also opened a center in Detroit that gave advice to black youth about careers and job opportunities.
In 1999, President Bill Clinton awarded Parks a Congressional Gold Medal.
This is the United States' highest honor (most important award) for civilians.
When he gave her the award, President Clinton said:
We must never ever, when this ceremony is over, forget about the power of ordinary people to stand in the fire for the cause of the human dignity.
Parks died on October 24, 2005, at her home in Detroit due to dementia.
On October 30, her casket lay in state in the United States Capitol.
This is a great honor for people in the United States.
Academy of Achievement Profile
Rosa Parks Library and Museum  at Troy University
The Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development
Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks Dies - National Public Radio
Complete audio/video and newspaper archive of the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rose Parks Biography
Rosa Parks Quotes
Rosa Parks interview and photographs
People from Alabama
, pi
, Euler's Number
,  imaginary unit
Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler.
It is not clear that he invented it himself.
Respondents to a Physics World poll called the identity "the most profound mathematical statement ever written", "uncanny and sublime", "filled with cosmic beauty" and "mind-blowing".
Mathematical proof of Euler's Identity using Taylor Series
Many equations can be written as a series of terms added together.
This is called a Taylor series.
The exponential function  can be written as the Taylor series
Here, we see a pattern take form.
seems to be a sum of sine and cosine's Taylor series, except with all of the signs changed to positive.
The identity we are actually proving is .
So, on the left side is , whose Taylor series is
We can see a pattern here, that every second term is i times sine's terms, and that the other terms are cosine's terms.
On the right side is , whose Taylor series is the Taylor series of cosine, plus i times the Taylor series of sine, which can be shown as:
Now, if we replace x with , we have:
Since we know that  and , we have:
pl:Wzór Eulera#Tożsamość Eulera
Hideki Tōjō was born on 30 December 1884 in Tokyo, Japan.
He was the third son of a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army named Hidenori Tōjō.
Tōjō had two older brothers but they died before he was born.
In the 1930s, Hideki Tōjō fought in the Sino-Japanese war, leading Japanese forces in occupied Manchuria.
He returned to Tokyo in 1940 and held ministerial posts, where he urged an alliance with Germany and Italy against the Allied forces.
Tojo became Prime Minister in 1941 and within two months ordered a surprise attack on U.S. naval forces in Hawaii. (
The subsequent attack on Pearl Harbor was planned by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto.)
After Japan surrendered, American troops went to arrest Tojo and surrounded his house.
He shot himself four times in the chest, but missed and the bullets hit his stomach.
Disarmed and with blood gushing out of his chest, Tojo began to talk.
He said, "I am very sorry it is taking me so long to die.
The Greater East Asia War was justified and righteous.
I am very sorry for the nation and all the races of the Greater Asiatic powers.
I wait for the righteous judgment of history.
I wished to commit suicide but sometimes that fails."
WW2DB: Hideki Tojo
Japanese military people
Military personnel of World War II
Politicians from Tokyo
SUSE is a main version of a Linux distribution, produced in Germany and owned by Attachmate Group.
SUSE is also a founding member of the Desktop Linux Consortium.
Starting from version "10.2 Alpha 3" its official name is openSUSE.
The current mascot of SUSE is a chameleon called "Geeko".
The SUSE Linux distribution was originally a German translation of Slackware Linux.
The Slackware distribution was founded by Peter MacDonald, and was the first distribution to contain X and TCP/IP.
S.E was founded in 1992 as a UNIX speaking group, which among other things regularly released software packages that included SLS and Slackware, and printed UNIX/Linux manuals.
In 1994 the group released the first CD version of SLS/Slackware, under the name "S.u.
S.E Linux 1.0."
Then in 1996, SuSE Linux gained many aspects from Red Hat Linux.
The name "SUSE Linux" came in September 2003.
On 4 November 2003, Novell announced it would buy SuSE.
They planned to release the administration program YaST2 under the GPL license and add a community project, openSUSE.
The openSUSE desktop  environment can be GNOME or KDE.
Most parts of the program were "open"—not completely, but more than before.
The version "10.0" was the first version that had public beta testing.
The philosophy changed from before.
There were multiple versions of the "10.0" Linux distribution for download.
They are "OSS" (completely open source), with all programs "free" and without proprietary softwares, and "eval" (has both open source and proprietary applications).
Laissez-faire is an economic and political philosophy.
It is from a French phrase that means to "leave alone".
It means that government does not interfere with business and economy.
Finance and trade decisions are left for the private individual to make.
It is the belief that unregulated competition in business represents the best path to progress.
Supporters claim that a free and unregulated market creates a natural balance between supply and demand.
The phrase is supposed to have come from the 18th century.
In a meeting between the French finance minister Colbert and a businessman named Le Gendre, Colbert asked how the government could help commerce.
Le Gendre replied "Let us do what we want to do".
In Ancient China, there were three schools of political thought.
Taoism believed in almost no economic interference by the government.
Legalism included the belief that the state should have the maximum power.
They created the traditional Chinese bureaucratic empire.
Confucianism was split between these two extremes although was closer to Legalism than Taoism.
During the 19th century Laissez faire developed as a social and economic philosophy.
It was believed that government involvement in business was harmful at worst and ineffective at best.
Socially, it was believed that government intervention to help the poor was harmful because it made them lazy and dependent on the government.
Economically there was debate at this time in Europe and the United States over whether free trade or tariffs promoted the most economic growth.
Up until the 1840s protectionism was favored over Laissez faire.
In Britain the Corn Laws placed high tariffs on imported corn to protect British farmers and land owners.
Free-market anarchism
History of economic thought
Market fundamentalism
What is Laissez faire; YouTube
Walter Moers (born 24 May 1957 in Mönchengladbach, Germany) is one of the best-known and most commercially successful German comic book creators and authors.
Works available in English translation
Little asshole, 1991 (English Edn)
The 13½ Lives of Captain Bluebear, 2000 (UK) / 2005 (US)
A Wild Ride Through the Night, 2004
Rumo and His Miraculous Adventures, 2004
The City of Dreaming Books, 2006.
The Alchemaster’s Apprentice, 2009 (English Edn).
978-1-846-55222-9
The Labyrinth of Dreaming Books, 2012 (English Edn)
Comics artists
People from Mönchengladbach
Dorothy Marie "Dottie" Metcalf-Lindenburger (born on May 2, 1975 in Colorado Springs, Colorado) is an American astronaut.
She works for NASA.
NASA experience
Metcalf-Lindenburger was selected by NASA in May 2004 and began training.
Astronaut Candidate Training includes tours, many scientific and technical meetings, much learning about the Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training, T-38 flight training, and water and wilderness survival training.
She successfully finished this training in February 2006.
This qualified her as a NASA Astronaut.
Fort Collins High School, Fort Collins, Colorado.
Bachelor of Arts, Geology with honors and cum laude, Whitman College, Washington, 1997.
National Education Association
1999 Outstanding Teacher Preparation Candidate at Central Washington University.
1997 Whitman College Leed's Geology Award
1997 Whitman College Order of the Waiilaptu
1996 GSA Field Camp Award
1995-1996 NAIA Academic All-American in Cross Country and Track
1996 NAIA Conference Champion in the 10K.
People from Colorado Springs, Colorado
A worker is a person who works.
This usually means a person who does manual labour, like manufacturing goods.
In economics there are three factors of production.
These are labour (the work done by workers), land (usually people need some space to produce something), and capital (it will cost resources, or money, to produce something).
People who work, usually get paid for the work they do.
This is either called wages (if it is bound to a time period, like an hour), or a salary (if it is independent of the time taken).
no:Blåsnipparbeider
Actinium is chemical element 89 on the periodic table.
Its symbol is Ac.
Actinium's mass is 227 g/mol.
Actinium is a silver radioactive, solid metal in actinide group.
It is so radioactive that it glows in the dark.
Even a small amount of actinium is dangerous to people.
Actinium was discovered in 1899 by André-Louis Debierne, a French chemist.
In 1899, Debierne described the substance as similar to titanium and (in 1900) as similar to thorium.
Actinium is a soft, silvery-white, radioactive metal.
Its estimated shear modulus is similar to that of lead.
Because its strong radioactivity, actinium glows in the dark with a pale blue light.
Actinium that is found in nature is made up of two radionuclides 227Ac and 228Ac.
Thirty-six radionuclides of actinium have been found.
The most stable is 227Ac which has a half-life of 21.772 years.
The shortest-lived known isotope of actinium is 217Ac which has a half-life of 69 nanoseconds.
Actinium is only found in trace amounts in uranium ores.
For example, one tonne of uranium ore contains about 0.2 milligrams of 227Ac.
Thorium ores contain about 5 nanograms of 228Ac per one tonne of thorium.
225Ac is now being studied for use in cancer treatments.
227Ac is studied for use as an active element of radioisotope thermoelectric generators.
225Ac is used in medicine to make 213Bi in a reusable generator.
It can be used in radiation therapy.
Alyson Renee "Aly" Michalka (born March 25, 1989) is an American actress and musician.
She works with Disney Channel and takes part in duo group 78violet with her sister, Amanda Michalka.
She is most well known for playing the part of Keely Teslow on the Disney series Phil of the Future.
Alyson Michalka was born in Torrance, California, United States on March 25, 1989 to Mark Michalka and Carrie Begley-Michalka.
She was raised mostly in the city of Seattle, Washington.
She is of Aztec origins.
She has two dogs named Saint and Bandit.
She began to be home schooled.
She started acting for Disney Channel on Phil of the Future, then began her singing career.
She says on Disney 411 that she started playing guitar with her sister at the ages of 12 and 10.
She lives in a multimillion-dollar California mansion.
Michalka has been singing since her sister was able to speak and sing.
Then, for the movie Now You See It... her sister and she started a band and created a music video called Do You Believe In Magic?.
The band is called 78violet.
Then they left Disney Channel to "take off" with their musical career.
Soon she started acting for Disney Channel in the show Phil of the Future, which she had quit in 2006.
She has been seen in many movies, outside of Disney channel, she worked with WB and NBC with TV dramas with her sister.
She was most known for playing Keely Teslow in Phil of the Future on Disney Channel, though now has gained popularity being in a band.
She has been in other Disney Channel productions like Now You See It... and Cow Belles.
She is half of the musical duo 78violet, with her sister.
Phil of the Future (2004-2006)-- Keely Teslow
Now You See It... (2005 movie)-- Allyson Miller
Cow Belles (2006 movie)-- Taylor Callum
Bandslam (2009 movie) -- Charlotte Barnes
Hellcats (2010 movie)--
Do You Believe In Magic?–2005
No One–Ice Princess, 2005
Walking on Sunshine–Herby: Fully Loaded, 2005
Into the Rush–Twitches, 2005
Chemicals React–2006
Pontential Break Up Song–2007
Hollywood Records's Aly & AJ Bio
1989 births
People from Torrance, California
Phil of the Future is an American comedy children's television series.
It was produced by 2121 Productions (a part of Brookwell McNamara Entertainment).
It was first shown on June 18, 2004 on the Disney Channel, and ended on August 19, 2006 as part of the Disney Channel Games.
Stars of the show include Ricky Ullman (Phil Diffy), Amy Bruckner (Pim Diffy), and Alyson Michalka (Keely Teslow).
The last episode was shown in the United States on August 19, 2006.
Ricky Ullman as Philip "Phil" Diffy
Amy Bruckner as Pim Diffy
Craig Anton as Lloyd Diffy
Lise Simms as Barbara Diffy
Alyson Michalka as Keely Teslow
J.P. Manoux as Curtis and as Vice Principal Hackett
Kay Panabaker as Debbie Berwick
Rory Thost as Bradley Benjamin Farmer
Unification Day
Meet the Curtis
Phillin' In
Pheremonally Yours
Future Tutor
Future Jock
You Say Toe-Mato
Doggie Daycare
We'll Fix it in Editing
Age Before Beauty
Neander Phil
Milkin' It
Team Diffy
<li>Versa Day
<li>Virtu-Day
<li>The Giggle
<li>Dinner Time
<li>Tia, Via, or Me... Uhh
<li>Ge Ready to Go-Go
<li>Phil Without a Future
<li>Time Release Capsule
<li>Mummy's Boy
<li>Maybe-Sitting
<li>Good Phil Hunting
<li>Pim-Cipal
<li>Phil of the Garage
<li>It's a Wonder-Phil Life
<li>Christmas Break
<li>Stuck in the Meddle with You
<li>Broadcast Blues
<li>Happy Nirday
<li>Ill of the Future
<li>Where's the Wizard?
<li>Not-So-Great Great Great Grandpa
<li>Back to the Future (Not the Movie)
Gadgets Used in the TV Series
Wizard - Can perform multiple functions (Usually spelled Wizrd)
New Ager - Can make people older and younger
DNA Scrambler - Manipulates the DNA of the person it is used on
Insta Morph - Changes what people look like so other people think they are someone else(as seen in Not-So Great-Great-Grandpa)
Skyak - A futuristic flying vehicle, which is like a jet-ski
Penny Missile - Springing clip
The Giggle - A futuristic version of the internet
Replicator Gadget - Replicates (or 'clones') the subject
Holographic Tracking Sensor - Can be used to track a subject
Omnimatic Grapthifiers - Works as a laser operated gripping device, used for climbing
Virtu-Goggles - Strap-on goggles that lets people view and experience a virtual-reality world
Laser Squash - A futuristic game like handball
Spray Food Cans - Spray cans that make any kind of food
I Want Straight Hair - Makes frizzy, messy hair instantly neat
Dress Me Hoop - Used to automatically dress a person when he or she goes through it
Invisi-spray - Used to make someone invisible (cannot be seen)
Save Phil of The Future
Television series by Disney
Brenda Song (born March 27, 1988) is an American actress.
She is also a former child model.
Song was first famous for her appearances on the Disney Channel.
She was a regular part on The Suite Life of Zack and Cody.
Her character was noted as one of the Disney Channel's longest continuous characters.
In 2010, she moved into mainstream movies and TV.
These included Changeland, Angry Angel, and Station 19.
Brenda Song was born in Carmichael, California to a Hmong American father and a Thai American mother.
Song has two younger brothers, Timmy and Nathan.
Brenda Song holds a black belt in Tae Kwon Do and was named an All-American Scholar in ninth grade.
Brenda Song began acting and modeling at age 6.
She also played a very minor role in a skit on MADtv.
One of Song's more notable acting roles is her portrayal of London Tipton in the Disney Channel Original Series The Suite Life of Zack and Cody (along with Ashley Tisdale and twins Cole and Dylan Sprouse).
She later continued this role in the spin-off The Suite Life on Deck.
She also played a recurring role as Tia in the Disney Channel Original Series Phil of the Future.
Song had minor guest appearances on both That's So Raven and American Dragon: Jake Long.
Song had her first starring role in 2006 in the movie Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior.
In 2010, Song was part of the main cast of The Social Network.
This marked her entry into mainstream movies and TV.
In 2012, Song starred in the short film First Kiss along with her Social Network costar Joseph Mazzello.
In 2017, Song was cast in Freeform's movie, Angry Angel.
In January 2019, Song was cast in a starring role in the Hulu television series Dollface alongside Kat Dennings.
She belongs to the Hmong tribe with their sacred and historical beliefs.
She has received a black belt in one martial arts and had used her skills in the Disney Channel movie, Wendy Wu:Homecoming Warrior.
In 2017, Song began a relationship with actor Macaulay Culkin.
They have a daughter together named Dakota, born in 2021.
Brenda Song - Official Website
1988 births
Actors from Sacramento County, California
Singers from California
A loud noise
A scheme to cheat people
A racquet, a tool used in sports like tennis, badminton and squash
Guide dogs are dogs trained to help blind  or vision impaired people live on their own.
They are sometimes called "Seeing Eye" dogs.
Guide dogs are one type of assistance animals, which are animals trained to help people with a disability to lead more complete lives.
The blind person (sometimes called a "handler") and the dog need to work together.
Both the dog and the handler must take special training to learn how to work as a team.
The handler needs to let the guide dog know the direction they want to go.
The dog can lead the person around things that may be dangerous, such as moving cars or other things.
Also, guide dogs may be taught to press buttons to work elevators or get things for their handler.
Because dogs cannot see colors as well as people, they cannot read traffic signals, so the handler must use ways to tell if it is safe to cross a street.
Because the guide dog and handler will be in public, it is important that the dog stays calm in busy or loud areas.
In many countries, guide dogs are allowed inside places where animals normally are not allowed, such as restaurants, stores, buses and trains.
Germany started the first guide dog schools during World War 1, to help soldiers who were blinded in the war.
By 1931, schools and organizations such as The Seeing Eye in Morristown, New Jersey in the United States and the British Guide Dog Association in the United Kingdom were founded.
Service animals
Keelung (; Hokkien POJ: ), officially known as Keelung City, is a provincial city of Taiwan Province, Republic of China.
It is in the northeastern part of the island.
It is next to Taipei County.
Nicknamed the Rainy Port for its frequent rain and maritime role, the city is Taiwan's second largest seaport (after Kaohsiung).
The Spanish expedition to Formosa in the early 17th century was its first contact with the West; by 1624 the Spanish had built San Salvador de Quelung, a fort in Keelung serving as an outpost of the Manila-based Spanish East Indies.
The Spanish ruled it as a part of Spanish Formosa.
From 1642 to 1661 and 1663–1668, Keelung was under Dutch control.
The Dutch East India Company took over the Spanish Fort San Salvador at Santissima Trinidad.
Bacolod and Davao City, Philippines
Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands
Campbell, California, U.S.
Corpus Christi, Texas, U.S.
East London, South Africa
Marrickville, New South Wales, Australia
Miyakojima, Okinawa, Japan
Rosemead, California, U.S.
Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
Sangju, North Gyeongsang, South Korea
Yakima, Washington, U.S.
WorldStatesmen.org — Taiwan
A chocolate cake is a cake made with chocolate or cocoa.
The ingredients are put into a bowl and mixed together; then the mixed ingredients are put into a cake tin and put in an oven until it is fully cooked.
Then the cake is taken out of the oven and placed on a cooling stand.
If the cake maker wants to, they can ice the cake, when it has cooled down, by spreading thick icing on it.
Chocolate cakes are a sold in shops as well as made at home.
They are a sweet food and should not be eaten all the time, which would be unhealthy.
There are many different types of chocolate cake, depending on the recipe and different types of chocolate used.
Different countries have different recipes for chocolate cakes.
In France, gâteau au chocolate is popular.
In Germany, Sachertorte is popular.
In 1828 Conrad Van Houten of the Netherlands made a mechanical extraction method for taking away the fat from cacao liquor resulting in cacao butter and the mostly de-fatted cacao.
It was a compacted mass of solids that could be sold as it was "rock cacao" or ground into powder.
The processes made chocolate from an luxury to an cheap daily snack.
A process for making smoother chocolate called conching was made in 1879 by Swiss Rodolphe and made it easier to bake with chocolate as it "amalgamates smoothly and completely with cake batters."
Until 1890 to 1900 chocolate recipes were mostly for drinks.
Ten Who Dared is a movie made by Disney in 1960.
It tells the real story of an officer of the United States Army called John Wesley Powell who was the first to travel up the Colorado river with other nine men to make a map of the region, and the dangers they had to face in their trip.
Ten Who Dared at Rotten Tomatoes
Ten Who Dared at AllMovieGuide
Ten Who Dared at Yahoo!
1960 movies
1960s historical movies
In math, imaginary unit or , is a number value that only exists outside of real numbers and is used in algebra.
Though imaginary numbers can be used to solve a lot of mathematical problems, they cannot be represented by an amount of real life objects.
Imaginary units were invented to answer the polynomial equation , which normally has no solution (see below).
The term "imaginary" comes from by René Descartes and was meant to be insulting as, like zero and negative numbers at other times in history, imaginary numbers were thought to be useless as they are not natural.
It wasn't until later centuries that the work of mathematicians like Leonhard Euler, Augustin-Louis Cauchy and Carl Friedrich Gauss would prove that imaginary numbers were very important for some areas of algebra.
A common rule for multiplying and dividing numbers is that if the signs are different then the result is negative (e.g. ), but if both numbers have the same sign then the result will be positive (e.g.  and ).
However, this leads to problems with square root numbers of negatives, as two negative numbers will always make a positive number:
To fill in this value gap the imaginary unit was made, which is defined as  and .
Using imaginary numbers we can solve our last example:
Square root of i
It is sometimes assumed that one must create another number to show the square roots of , but that is not needed.
The square roots of  can be written as: , a result which can be shown as follows:
Powers of i
The powers of  or  follow a regular and predictable pattern:
As shown, each time we multiply by another  the values are  and then repeat.
Euler's Identity
Phycology (or algology), a part of botany, is the study of algae.
They are different from the higher plants by a lack of "normal" roots, stems or leaves.
Many types have one cell and are very small or microscopic (including plankton and other microalgae); many others have many cells; some of these are very big, like seaweeds such as kelp and Sargassum.
Some microscopic algae are also in lichens.
Snorkeling is swimming while using a tube to breathe underwater.
Snorkeling is a very popular activity, particularly in places with clear, calm, warm oceans.
It allows people to see underwater life in a natural setting, without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.
Generally, people snorkel in shallow reefs ranging from sea level to 4 meters (13 feet) deep.
Snorkelers can also explore deep water reefs.
However, to see deeper reefs, a snorkeler has to hold their breath and dive down to the reef to see it.
This kind of snorkeling takes more skill and fitness than shallow water snorkeling.
It is also more dangerous than shallow water snorkeling.
Snorkelers use masks so they can see underwater.
This allows them to see fish, coral reefs, and other kinds of sea life.
Man has always been interested by what is under the ocean.
Evidence shows that people have been free diving for at least 5,000 years.
The earliest known free divers were sponge farmers in Crete, who lived around 3000 B.C.E. These farmers used free diving to collect underwater sponges.
They used hollow reeds like modern snorkels, to allow them to breathe while underwater.
A snorkel: A curved plastic tube that snorkelers can breathe through while underwater
A mask: Snorkeling masks protect the nose and face, and allow snorkelers to see underwater
Diving fins: Snorkelers wear these on their feet to make it easier to swim.
Free divers also use them to make it easier to dive to deep levels
Differences between snorkeling and scuba diving
Snorkeling is swimming on the surface of the water, with the head and nose under the water, using a diving mask, snorkel, and diving fins.
Scuba diving is swimming with the whole body underwater.
Scuba divers breathe through an oxygen tank, which allows them to breathe underwater for long periods at a time.
Scuba divers also wear a tight diving suit, a diving mask, and diving fins.
Before a person can scuba dive, they have to get training how to use the breathing equipment and dive to deep waters.
Snorkeling does not require any training.
People who cannot swim can still snorkel if they use a life jacket to keep them floating on the water.
http://www.tropicalsnorkeling.com/first-time-snorkeling.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20111021065205/http://www.npca.org/marine_and_coastal/coral_reefs/snorkeling.html
PIehl, Galen and Nicole Atkins. "
First Time Snorkeling Tips - Avoid These Beginner Mistakes".
TropicalSnorkeling.com.
N.p.,
23 May 2016
How To Snorkel Safely
Snorkeling With Kids
Kelly Tarlton's Antarctic Encounter and Underwater World is an aquarium in Auckland, New Zealand.
It is all underground and within the walls of Auckland City's sewage holding tanks, unused since 1961.
It opened on January 25 1985.
Construction took 10 months and cost $3 million.
Kelly Tarlton died suddenly of a heart attack on March 17, 1985, seven weeks after the Underwater World opened.
Large sharks, stingrays and 1500 fish of forty different species may be viewed through a 114 metre-long underwater plexiglass tunnel in a figure-of-eight shape.
The plexiglass is 7 centimetres thick.
Aquariums
1985 establishments
20th-century establishments in New Zealand
1980s establishments in Oceania
This page lists breeds of domestic cats.
The list includes breeds that are old traditional breeds, and also rare breeds or new breeds that are still being developed.
Please see individual articles for more information.
Grave, shortened as gv, was the word that was used to describe mass before the word kilogram was introduced.
Grave comes from the word gravity and was first used in 1793 in France.
The name kilogram was introduced in 1795 but was not the official word for mass until 1875.
In order to have full consistency in the International System of Units (SI), many people think that the kilogram should be called something different.
Using the word kilogram creates a problem because it is a base unit that has the prefix "kilo" already in its name.
To fix the problem, some people have suggested using the word grave again.
http://www.bipm.org/en/si/history-si/name_kg.html
http://www.utc.fr/~tthomass/Themes/Unites/hist/Histoire%20du%20systeme%20metrique.pdf
http://www.utc.fr/~tthomass/Themes/Unites/prehist/GBigourdan.pdf
The Smiths were an English rock band from Manchester.
They formed in 1982 and split up in 1987.
They released four studio albums.
The band consisted of Morrissey (singing), Johnny Marr (guitar), Andy Rourke (bass) and Mike Joyce (drums).
Critics have called them the most important alternative rock band to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s.
Q magazine writer Simon Goddard wrote that The Smiths were the one truly important group of the 1980s, "the most influential British guitar group of the decade" and the first independent group to become successful in the main music scene.
The band was based on the songwriting partnership of Morrissey and Marr.
They signed to the independent record label Rough Trade Records.
On this, they released four studio albums: The Smiths (1984), Meat Is Murder (1985), The Queen Is Dead (1986) and Strangeways, Here We Come'' (1987).
They have also released several compilations, and many singles that were not released on any of their studio albums.
The Smiths had several singles reach the UK top twenty.
All four of their albums reached the UK top five, including one which topped the charts.
They won a large following of fans.
The band had limited commercial success outside the UK while they were still together.
The band broke up in 1987 and have refused several offers to reunite.
The music focuses on a guitar, bass and drum sound.
They blend 1960s rock and post-punk.
This sounded very different to the synthesiser-based contemporary dance pop that was popular in the early 1980s.
Marr's guitar playing on his Rickenbacker often had a jangly sound influenced by Roger McGuinn of the 1960s group The Byrds.
It influenced later bands from Manchester, such as The Stone Roses and Oasis.
Morrissey's lyrics combined stories about ordinary people's lives with a sense of humour.
Morrissey (lead singer)
Johnny Marr (guitar)
Andy Rourke (bass)
Mike Joyce (drums)
The Smiths (1984)
Hatful of Hollow (1984)
Meat Is Murder (1985)
The Queen Is Dead (1986)
The World Won't Listen (1987)
Louder Than Bombs (1987)
Strangeways, Here We Come (1987)
Rank (1988)
Morrisey on ¡ponte los cascos!
article about Morrisey and Eurovision
1982 establishments in England
Musical groups disestablished in 1987
Countdown is a British game show on Channel 4.
It began on 2 November 1982.
It is currently presented by Anne Robinson and Rachel Riley; etymologist Susie Dent is in the dictionary corner.
It was hosted by Richard Whiteley until his death in 2005, then by Des Lynam from 2005 to 2006, and then by Des O'Connor from 2007 to 2008.
Both O'Connor and Carol Vorderman, the show's co-host, who had been on the programme since it began, left the show in December 2008.
From 2009, Jeff Stelling and Rachel Riley replaced O'Connor and Vorderman respectively.
It has been hosted by Nick Hewer from 2012 to 2021, on 28 June 2021, Anne Robinson became the host.
The show was 30 minutes long, but since 2001, it is 45 minutes long.
With over 7,000 episodes, it is one of the longest-running game shows in the world, along with the original French version Des chiffres et des lettres which has been running on French television continuously since 1972.
Countdown originated from the format of the French game show Des chiffres et des lettres (Numbers and Letters), created by Armand Jammot.
After watching the programme, Belgian record executive Marcel Stellman brought the format to Britain on the belief it could be popular overseas, and proposed his concept for the British version to several networks.
The concept was purchased in the early 1980s by Yorkshire Television, which commissioned a series of eight shows under the title Calendar Countdown, aimed at being a spin-off of their regional news programme Calendar with the programme's host deemed the natural choice for the concept.
The spin-off was aired only in the Yorkshire area, with Whiteley earning the nickname of "Twice Nightly Whiteley" because of his daily appearances on both programmes.
He was assisted by Cathy Hytner and Denise McFarland-Cruickshanks, who handled the letters and numbers rounds respectively.
By 1982, after an additional pilot episode was made with a refined format – an episode that was never broadcast - the gameshow was bought up by Channel 4, a new British television channel set to launch in November 1982, based on the refined concept.
While Whiteley and Hytner from the original cast were retained, the programme was renamed Countdown, with the format was expanded to include additional members in the hosting team, including letters and number experts.
An additional spin-off to the programme for young contestants was proposed at the time, dubbed Junior Countdown – the concept would be similar in format, but with it hosted by Gyles Brandreth and Ted Moult – but while a pilot was created, the proposal was abandoned after it was found to be highly flawed.
Instead, the production staff opted to allow contestants of differing ages, young and old, to participate on Countdown.
The game show and its first episode were the first to be broadcast when the channel launched, with Whiteley opening the programme with the line:
—Richard Whiteley introducing the first Channel 4 episode of Countdown.
Whiteley tenure
Alongside the original cast from Calendar Countdown, the new format of the gameshow led to production staff seeking out further hostesses through advertisement in national newspapers for young women to become a member of the programme's cast, with notable conditions about their involvement; in particular, those recruited for calculations found it made clear that as an applicant, their appearance would be less important than their skill as a mathematician.<ref>], on the advertisement to which Vorderman responded.
Retrieved 6 July 2006.</ref> Amongst those recruited, Beverley Isherwood was hired to work alongside Hytner in handling the selection of number and letter tiles respectively, while Linda Barrett and Carol Vorderman were recruited for checking over calculations by contestants in the numbers round.
In addition, a lexicographer was also required to form part of the format's "Dictionary Corner" segment of the game show, in order to verify words given by contestants in the letters round (see Letters round rules), along with pointing out any longer or otherwise interesting words available; such a role was aided by the show's producers, with no assistance from any computer program, and the role accompanied by a celebrity guest for a set period on the programme – contributing words and providing entertainment through anecdotes, puzzles, poems and stories.