the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Conservapedia was founded by lawyer Andrew Schlafly because of what he felt was liberal bias in Wikipedia.
He did this with his homeschooled World History class after one of his students used Common Era dating methods instead of his preferred Anno Domini ones.
Unlike Wikipedia, anonymous people are not allowed to contribute to Conservapedia.
They have to create accounts that should be using part of their real names (such as the preferred real first name and last initial setup).
Edits should follow the site's conservative, Christian point of view.
Administrators control every aspect of the site and have the final say in editorial authority.
Vandals often edit Conservapedia to mess up the pages because they do not agree with the site's point of view.
Some editors are banned for making minor mistakes.
Conservative Bible Project
In part of Conservapedia, editors edit the Bible to remove what they call "liberal bias" from modern versions.
They claim that the New International Version of the Bible is written at the seventh-grade level and that it has politically correct language.
Critics say that it is not good to rewrite the Bible and say it was bad for them to remove Jesus' prayer in Luke 23:34 and the adulteress story.
Lenski dialogue
Schlafly got into an argument with Michigan State University researcher Richard Lenski over his twenty-year experiment with e.coli samples he used to show evolution happening.
Schlafly mailed Lenski asking for the results.
Lenski replied by showing Schlafly his paper on the subject.
Schlafly (who did not read the paper) asked for the evidence and Lenski refused to hand him the samples since Schlafly is not enough of an expert.
Conservapedians got in a campaign criticizing Lenski.
Conservapedia has had some bad reactions from people who think that it is untrue.
It has also been criticized for supporting some ideas such as creationism.
A site called RationalWiki was created mainly to criticize Conservapedia.
Some editors of that site decided that they wanted to vandalize or destroy Conservapedia.
Rational-Wiki now mocks and criticizes other things too.
A Storehouse of Knowledge
Ameriwiki
A text grammar is the study of texts above the level of the sentence.
It shows how texts are put together so as to convey ideas, facts, messages, and fiction.
A similar term is discourse analysis.
Both are mostly concerned with natural language use; discourse analysis would include spoken language.
Speech is also the parent of rhetoric, the ancient study of persuasive speaking.
In a similar way, literary criticism parallels text grammar, because both concentrate on the printed word.
A text grammar approach puts emphasis on the linguistic structure of a text, rather than its cultural or symbolic meaning.
A text is a coherent body of sentences.
Coherent means they are linked by a consistent theme.
The text ends when completion is signalled.
For example, when a problem introduced at the start is solved, or when a promised discussion has reached a conclusion.
Text types
Each text focuses on certain things.
If texts are grouped by what they are doing, then there are five basic text types:
Common in science and technology.
Narration.
Covers the passage of time, and is common in the humanities.
In which the narrator or writer offers a detailed analysis and explanation of some issue.
Argumentation.
In which the communicator compares alternative points of view, judges and persuades.
In which the communicator tells readers what to do.
Uses "action-demanding sentences in sequence".
Discourse analysis is a subject which studies a text or a conversation.
This is a subject in linguistics which does not study sentences, like in syntax, but the entire text or conversation.
The text or conversation is known as discourse.
Discourse analyst prefer to use real life discourse in their studies, rather than invented sentences like in traditional linguistics.
This way of studying real life discourse is called corpus linguistics.
Discourse analysis is related to text linguistics.
However, text linguistics studies how discourse is structured so that they are connected (how sentences are joined to each other).
Discourse analysis studies this, and also how the discourse is connected to the context.
This context includes who the people talking or writing are, the social and cultural context.
Also, it studies the way mode, which is the way the language is represented (is it a letter, speech, email, Internat chat?),
influences discourse.
Discourse analysis is also interested in the genre (topic) of the discourse.
Daniel L. Everett, statement concerning James Loriot, p. 9
The Discourse Attributes Analysis Program and Measures of the Referential Process .
Linguistic Society of America: Discourse Analysis, by Deborah Tannen
Strategies for analysing a case study
Super Paper Mario (also known as Paper Mario 3) is a Wii role playing game released in 2007.
It is the third game for the Paper Mario series to be released on platform.
The game was going to be released for the GameCube, like its predecessor), but was instead released for the Wii.
The player controls Mario and his companions and has to explore different lands of a town called Flipside, fights enemies to gain levels and solves puzzles.
As the story progresses, Princess Peach, Luigi, and Bowser become playable.
Super Paper Mario is a 2D and 3D game since one of Mario's abilities is to change the perspective of the environment.
In each Paper Mario game, there have always been members that follow Mario and help him in battles.
Pixl is a name that comes from the word pixel, but is also a reference to pixie, which is a name for a fairy.
Each pixl has a different power and look, but despite having many members, the player can only use one.
In Super Paper Mario, Tippi, also called Tiptron, is the player's butterfly partner.
She has the ability to give tips to Mario and makes invisible objects appear.
The player can recruit one of the Pixls in each chapters as the game progresses.
Most of the reviews for Super Paper Mario were positive such as IGN that gives a score of 8.9 out of 10.
Most critics praised the plot because it has a great sense of humor, but said that the graphics were fine, but not extraordinary.
The game has sold more than 2.28 million copies worldwide.
A power-up is an item in a video game that gives the player's character the ability to do something.
Power-ups can be found in many video games.
Kamloops, British Columbia is a city in British Columbia, Canada.
It is ranked 37th on the list of 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada.
Sonobe was born in Ibaraki Prefecture on March 29, 1958.
After graduating from Mito Commercial High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Fujita Industries in 1976.
He played 173 games and scored 2 goals in the league.
He was selected Best Eleven in 1978 and 1979.
On May 23, 1978, Sonobe debuted for the Japan national team against Thailand.
He played 7 games for Japan until 1981.
Yamaguchi was born in Oita Prefecture on August 1, 1959.
After graduating from Oita Technical High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Mitsubishi Motors in 1978.
However he did not play in the game, as he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Japan national team player Mitsuhisa Taguchi.
Eventually he could not play in the game.
In August 1979, Yamaguchi was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1979 World Youth Championship.
However he did not play in the match, as he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Yasuhito Suzuki.
In February 1981, although Yamaguchi did not play at his club, he was selected the Japan national team because Japan's manager Saburo Kawabuchi actively appointed young players.
On February 19, Yamaguchi debuted for Japan national team against Singapore.
|1978||rowspan="7"|Mitsubishi Motors||rowspan="7"|JSL Division 1||0||0
Ito was born in Mie Prefecture on July 1, 1959.
After graduating from Yokkaichi Chuo Technical High School, he joined Japan Soccer League Division 2 club Honda in 1978.
In 1980, the club won the champions and was promoted to Division 1.
In 1985/86, the club won the 3rd place and he left the club end of season.
He joined PJM Futures in 1988.
|1978||rowspan="8"|Honda||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 2||||
|1981||rowspan="5"|JSL Division 1||18||3
|1982||16||4
|1985/86||9||0
Kato was born in Nagoya on December 22, 1958.
The club won 1981 JSL Cup.
However he left the club for injury in 1983.
In 1985, he joined Division 1 club All Nippon Airways.
However the club was relegated to Division 2 end of 1985/86 season.
On August 30, 1981, Kato debuted for the Japan national team against Malaysia.
On September 3, he scored a goal against India.
He played 3 games and scored 1 goal for Japan in 1981.
|1981||rowspan="3"|Toshiba||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 2||||
|1985/86||rowspan="3"|All Nippon Airways||JSL Division 1||8||1
|1986/87||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 2||0||0
Okimune was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on September 7, 1959.
After graduating from Hiroshima Technical High School, he joined Japan Soccer League Division 1 club Fujitsu in 1978.
However in first season, the club was relegated to Division 2.
In August 1979, Okimune was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1979 World Youth Championship.
He played 3 games.
On August 30, 1981, he debuted for the Japan national team against Malaysia.
He played 2 games for Japan in 1981.
Nomura was born in Muroran on November 21, 1956.
After graduating from Sapporo University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Fujita Industries in 1979.
In 1979, the club won Japan Soccer League and Emperor's Cup.
In 1981, the club also won Japan Soccer League and he was selected Best Eleven.
He played 150 games and scored 4 goals in the league.
On June 2, 1981, Nomura debuted for the Japan national team against China.
After debut, he played all matches until July 1982.
He played 12 games for Japan until 1982.
In 2007, Nomura signed with Nadeshiko League Division 2 club TEPCO Mareeze.
He led the club to won the champions and promoted to Division 1.
He resigned end of 2008 season.
|1979||rowspan="10"|Fujita Industries||rowspan="10"|JSL Division 1||3||0
|1981||18||1
|1982||18||1
|1986/87||15||1
|1987/88||19||0
|1988/89||12||1
Yoshikawa was born in Mie Prefecture on December 13, 1961.
After graduating from Yokkaichi Chuo Technical High School, he joined Hitachi in 1980.
In 1992, he moved to Kyoto Shiko Club (later Kyoto Purple Sanga).
In 1995, he moved to Kyoiku Kenkyusya (later FC Kyoken).
Yoshida was born in Shizuoka Prefecture on February 11, 1958.
After graduating from Hosei University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Furukawa Electric in 1980.
In 1981, he scored 14 goal and became a top scorer.
In 1985/86 season, he became a top scorer again and he was selected "Japanese Footballer of the Year awards".
The club also won the league champions.
On February 8, 1981, Yoshida debuted for the Japan national team against Malaysia.
He played 9 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1983.
After retirement, Yoshida started coaching career at Shimizu S-Pulse.
From 2000s, he mainly coached women's team.
Through Japan women's national team assistant coach, he became a manager for Japan U-17 women's national team in 2007.
He managed at U-17 World Cup 3 times (2008, 2010 and 2012).
At 2010 U-17 World Cup, Japan won the 2nd place.
He also became a manager Japan U-20 women's national team in 2011.
He managed at 2012 U-20 World Cup and Japan won the 3rd place.
In 2014, he signed with AS Elfen Saitama and managed in 2015 season.
|1980||rowspan="10"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="10"|JSL Division 1||13||2
|1981||18||14
|1983||17||1
|1985/86||22||16
|1986/87||20||11
|1987/88||17||3
|1988/89||22||2
|1989/90||19||1
His brother Masaru Uchiyama also played for Japan national team.
Uchiyama was born in Shizuoka on June 29, 1959.
After graduating from Kokushikan University, he joined Japan Soccer League Division 2 club Yamaha Motors in 1982.
In 1982, the club won the champions and was promoted to Division 1.
The club won the league champions in 1987/88.
He played 195 games and scored 18 goals in the league.
On September 30, 1984, Uchiyama debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea.
In 1995, he also played at 1986 World Cup qualification.
He played 2 games for Japan until 1986.
After retirement, Uchiyama started coaching career at Yamaha Motors (later Júbilo Iwata) in 1992.
He mainly served as an assistant coach for top team and a manager for youth team.
In September 2007, he became a manager for top team as Adílson Batista successor.
However he was sacked in August 2008.
In 2015, he became a manager for the Japan U-20 national team.
At 2016 AFC U-19 Championship, U-20 Japan won the champions first time and won to qualify for 2017 U-20 World Cup for the first time in 10 years.
He resigned after 2017 U-20 World Cup.
|1982||rowspan="10"|Yamaha Motors||JSL Division 2||17||3
|1983||rowspan="9"|JSL Division 1||18||2
|1984||18||2
|1985/86||21||2
|1986/87||22||3
|1988/89||21||2
Ikeuchi was born in Aichi Prefecture on August 25, 1961.
After graduating from Aichi High School, he joined his local club, the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works in 1980.
In 1981, he moved to the Japan Soccer League club Fujita Industries.
In 1981, the club won the championship of the Japan Soccer League.
In 1990, the club was relegated to Division 2.
In 1992, the club won the championship in Division 2 and joined the new league, Japan Football League.
In 1993, the club won the championship and was promoted to the J1 League, which started in 1994.
However, he retired in 1993, and never played in the J1 League.
On February 12, 1983, Ikeuchi debuted for the Japan national team against Syria.
He played at 1984 Summer Olympics qualification and 1986 World Cup qualification.
He played 8 games for Japan until 1985.
In 2007, Ikeuchi became a manager for the Japan U-17 national team.
He managed at 2009 U-17 World Cup.
|1981||rowspan="13"|Fujita Industries||rowspan="9"|JSL Division 1||18||1
|1989/90||18||0
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 2||26||2
|1991/92||20||0
|1992||rowspan="2"|Football League||||
His brother Atsushi Uchiyama also played for Japan national team.
Uchiyama was born in Shizuoka Prefecture on April 14, 1957.
After graduating from University of Tsukuba, he joined Japan Soccer League club Yamaha Motors in 1980.
He played 122 games and scored 6 goals in the league.
|1980||rowspan="9"|Yamaha Motors||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||9||3
|1981||16||1
|1982||JSL Division 2||18||0
|1983||rowspan="6"|JSL Division 1||6||1
Koshida was born in Kanazawa on October 19, 1960.
After graduating from University of Tsukuba, he joined Japan Soccer League club Nissan Motors in 1983.
In 1988/89 season, although the club won 1988 JSL Cup and 1988 Emperor's Cup, he left the club later in the season.
In 1990, he returned his local Kanazawa and joined Japanese Regional Leagues club Kanazawa SC.
In August 1979, when Koshida was a University of Tsukuba student, he was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1979 World Youth Championship and played 3 matches.
He played at 1982 Asian Games, 1984 Summer Olympics qualification and 1986 World Cup qualification.
He played 19 games for Japan until 1985.
|1983||rowspan="6"|Nissan Motors||rowspan="6"|JSL Division 1||15||1
|1984||16||1
The artichoke or globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae family.
They first came from Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.
The thick scales and bottom parts of the young flower heads can be eaten.
They are a culinary delicacy.
The bottom part of the young flower head is called a heart.
It grows to  to  tall, with arching, deeply lobed, silvery glaucous-green leaves 50–82 cm long.
The flowers develop in a large head from an edible bud about 8–15 cm diameter with numerous triangular scales; the individual florets are purple.
It is a soure of vitamins.
Ishigami was born in Shizuoka Prefecture on November 4, 1957.
After graduating from Shizuoka Technical High School, he joined Prefectural Leagues club Yamaha Motors in 1976.
The club was promoted to Regional Leagues in 1977 and Japan Soccer League in 1979.
The club won the Japan Soccer League champions in 1987/88.
He was selected Best Eleven 2 times.
On September 30, 1984, Ishigami debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea.
He played at 1986 World Cup qualification and 1986 Asian Games.
He played 12 games for Japan until 1986.
|1976||rowspan="14"|Yamaha Motors||Prefectural Leagues||||
|1977||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||||
|1979||JSL Division 2||||
|1980||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||9||1
|1982||JSL Division 2||18||1
|1983||rowspan="7"|JSL Division 1||18||1
|1987/88||21||2
|1988/89||21||0
Taninaka was born in Fuchu on September 24, 1964.
After graduating from Teikyo High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Fujita Industries in 1983.
He played 138 matches and scored 19 goals for the club until 1991.
He moved to Regional Leagues club PJM Futures (later Tosu Futures) in 1991.
The club was promoted to Japan Football League from 1993.
On September 30, 1984, when Taninaka was 20 years old, he debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea.
He played 3 games for Japan until 1986.
|1983||rowspan="9"|Fujita Industries||rowspan="7"|JSL Division 1||8||0
|1984||17||8
|1987/88||10||0
|1988/89||12||2
|1989/90||16||0
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 2||21||1
|1991/92||18||1
|1991||rowspan="4"|PJM Futures||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||||
|1993||rowspan="2"|Football League||17||9
|1994||15||7
|1995||Tosu Futures||Football League||13||0
Kaneko was born in Saitama on September 12, 1959.
Initially, he could not play in many games.
From 1985, he played as regular player and the club won 1985/86 Japan Soccer League and 1986 JSL Cup.
He played 163 matches and scored 23 goals for the club.
In August 1979, Kaneko was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1979 World Youth Championship.
On July 25, 1986, he debuted for the Japan national team against Syria.
He played 7 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1987.
|1978||rowspan="14"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="14"|JSL Division 1||0||0
|1986/87||22||5
|1987/88||20||4
|1989/90||21||5
|1990/91||5||1
Kawanabe signed for Omiya Ardija in 2007.
In 2011, he moved to Tanjong Pagar United FC and scored 9 goals in 36 appearances for the club.
In February 2013 Kawanabe joined the Latvian Higher League club FC Jūrmala.
Later he played with FK Mladost Podgorica in the Montenegrin First League and next with FK Rudar Prijedor in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
His last professional appearance was in 2014.
|2007||rowspan="3"|Omiya Ardija||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
Kunihiro Shibasaki (born 1 April 1985) is a Japanese football player.
|2007||Omiya Ardija||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2008||rowspan="3"|Tochigi||Football League||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||16||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
Takuya Sonoda (born 23 November 1984) is a Japanese football player.
|2007||rowspan="4"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||11||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|2008||9||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||10||1
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||8||0||0||0||3||0||11||0
|2006||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara Chiba||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2008||Ryukyu||Football League||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
Park Jong-Jin (born 24 June 1987) is a South Korean professional athlete.
|2007||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara Chiba||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||10||0||0||0||6||0||16||0
|2008||Mito Hollyhock||J. League 2||9||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|2009||rowspan="2"|Gangwon||rowspan="2"|K-League||23||0||2||0||3||1||28||1
Márcio Rodrigues Araújo (born 11 June 1984) is a Brazilian football player.
|2007||Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 1||5||0||0||0||4||0||9||0
Takahiro Oshima (born 14 April 1988) is a Japanese football player.
He plays for Nagano Parceilo.
|2007||rowspan="3"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2009||rowspan="2"|Nagano Parceilo||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|2007||rowspan="3"|Tokyo||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
Kenji Suzuki (born 3 September 1986) is a Japanese football player.
|2006||Albirex Niigata Singapore||S. League||28||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||31||0
|2007||rowspan="2"|Tokyo||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2008||rowspan="3"|Gainare Tottori||rowspan="3"|Football League||8||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||1
|2009||19||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||3
Eltinho (born 7 July 1987) is a Brazilian football player.
|2006||Paraná||Série A||12||2
|2007||Yokohama F. Marinos||J. League 1||0||0
|2008||Flamengo||Série A||1||0
|2009||Avaí||Série A||29||4
Kentaro Sato (born 14 August 1984) is a Japanese football player.
|2007||rowspan="4"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|2008||32||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||32||0||2||0||4||0||38||0
|2007||rowspan="4"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||3||0||0||0||3||0
|2008||4||0||0||0||4||0
|2009||22||0||1||0||23||0
|2007||rowspan="5"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||16||0||0||0||16||0
|2008||19||0||0||0||19||0
|2009||46||7||1||0||47||7
|2012||Thespa Kusatsu||||||||||
|2005||rowspan="6"|Mito Hollyhock ||rowspan="6"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2007||1||0||2||0||3||0
|2009||1||0||1||0||2||0
Adam Burish (born January 6, 1983) is an American professional ice hockey right winger.
He played for the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks and the Dallas Stars.
Before playing in the NHL, Burish played 1 season with the Green Bay Gamblers of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and 4 years of college hockey with the University of Wisconsin–Madison Badgers.
During his time with the Badgers, Burish captained the team that defeated the Boston College Eagles 2-1 to win the NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Championship.
He was drafted 282nd overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.
On May 16, 2006, the Blackhawks signed Burish to a two-year contract.
After spending a seasons with the Blackhawks' AHL-affiliate team, the Norfolk Admirals, he was called up on October 1, 2007.
Burish scored his first NHL goal in a 3-2 loss against the San Jose Sharks on January 22, 2008.
On June 9, 2010, Burish won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks.
After Burish became a free agent, he signed a two-year deal, $1.15 million contract with the Dallas Stars.
He spent 2 seasons with the Stars.
After his contract with the Stars expired, Burish signed a four-year, $1.8 million contract with the San Jose Sharks and reunited with his University of Wisconsin teammate Joe Pavelski.
Jun Tanaka (born 1 September 1983) is a Japanese football player.
|2006||rowspan="5"|Thespa Kusatsu||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||20||0||1||0||21||0
|2007||27||0||1||0||28||0
|2008||35||2||1||0||36||2
|2009||43||2||2||0||45||2
Ryota Kobayashi (born 22 June 1988) is a Japanese football player.
|2007||Thespa Kusatsu||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2007||Ohara JaSRA||Regional Leagues||6||1||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|2008||Thespa Kusatsu||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2008||rowspan="2"|Albirex Niigata Singapore||rowspan="2"|S. League||12||1||||||12||1
Kim Yeong-Gi (born 24 January 1985) is a South Korean professional athlete.
|2007||rowspan="6"|Shonan Bellmare ||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||48||0||2||0||50||0
|2008||42||0||1||0||43||0
|2011||||||||||||||
|2012||||||||||||||
J. League (1)
Takahiro Yamaguchi (born 8 May 1984) is a Japanese football player.
|2007||rowspan="4"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||27||1||2||0||29||1
|2008||29||0||0||0||29||0
|2009||30||0||0||0||30||0
Yuki Igari (born 7 April 1988) is a Japanese football player.
Aphaenogaster kimberleyensis is a species of ant in Australia.
It has been found and described by Shattuck, S. O. in 2008.
It's habitat is mainly forested areas, ranging from rainforests to woodlands.
They build their nests using soil mounds that are more extensive than the mounds made by most ants.
Aphaenogaster is a genus of myrmicine ants.
Almost 200 species have been described.
Also, 11 fossil species are known.
They live worldwide except from South America and Southern Africa.
They are often confused with Pheidole or Pheidologeton.
These two have major and minor workers, while Aphaenogaster has only a single worker caste.
Pheidole has a 3-segmented club on its antenna.
But Aphaenogaster has four segments and a larger body size.
Pheidologeton has a 11-segmented antenna, while the antenna in Aphaenogaster is 12-segmented.
They make very thick, easily seen nests with many big entrances in a small place.
These entrances can have diameters of up to 4 cm and are up to 30 cm deep.
This resulted in their common name funnel ants.
These nests can be a bad problem for golfers or on pastures and unsealed airstrips, because the fragile ground easily breaks under pressure.
Aphaenogaster gets most of its food from tended aphids on the roots of plants.
This explains that they are not commonly seen out of their tunnels.
The funnel-shaped openings could play a role in trapping arthropods, which are also eaten.
ITIS: Genus Aphaenogaster
Ants Down Under: Genus Aphaenogaster
Dale Ward: Aphaenogaster cockerelli
NGO Monitor (Non-governmental Organization Monitor) is a non-governmental organization based in Jerusalem.
NGO Monitor produces and distributes statements and information about the international NGO community, all of which are carefully and fully checked out.
This information is used by government policy makers, journalists, charity and philanthropic organizations and the general public.
NGO Monitor home page
Satoru Hayashi (born 13 July 1988) is a Japanese football player.
|2007||rowspan="2"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||1||0||1||0||2||0
|2009||Gainare Tottori||Football League||19||1||1||0||20||1
|2010||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 1||||||||||||
|2004||rowspan="9"|Ehime ||rowspan="2"|Football League||27||3||0||0||27||3
|2005||21||1||3||1||24||2
|2006||rowspan="7"|J. League 2||29||2||2||0||31||2
|2007||46||3||4||0||50||3
|2008||41||4||2||0||43||4
|2009||50||10||1||0||51||10
Akihiro Sakata (born 16 May 1984) is a Japanese football player.
|2007||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||4||0||0||0||4||0
|2009||rowspan="2"|Shonan Bellmare||J. League 2||6||0||1||0||7||0
Kim Shin-Young (; born 16 June 1983) is a South Korean professional athlete.
|2007||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 2||8||1||0||0||8||1
|2007||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||20||6||2||2||22||8
|2008||28||2||1||0||29||2
|2009||rowspan="2"|Ventforet Kofu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||45||14||2||2||47||16
J. League (#39)
Rui Komatsu (born 29 August 1983) is a Japanese football player.
|2006||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|2007||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||32||12||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||12
|2008||32||16||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||16
|2009||35||6||1||0||colspan="2"|-||36||6
Kenta Tanno (born 30 August 1986) is a Japanese football player.
|2005||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2007||V-Varen Nagasaki||Regional Leagues||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|2008||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
Tatsuya Yamashita (born 7 November 1987) is a Japanese football player.
|2006||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2007||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||7||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|2008||8||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
Kazuyuki Mugita (born 10 November 1984) is a Japanese football player.
|2007||rowspan="4"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||9||0||0||0||9||0
|2008||38||1||1||0||39||1
|2009||26||1||1||0||27||1
|2005||rowspan="8"|Ehime||Football League||14||1||2||0||16||1
|2006||rowspan="7"|J. League 2||15||1||1||0||16||1
|2008||18||0||2||0||20||0
|2009||30||0||1||0||31||0
|2006||rowspan="2"|Ehime||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2008||rowspan="3"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
Kohei Kawata (born 13 October 1987) is a Japanese football player.
|2010||Gamba Osaka||J. League 1||||||||||||||||||||
Orust is an island close to Gothenburg, on the west coast of Sweden.
With a land area of , it is the third biggest island in Sweden.
Orust also is a municipality, Orust Municipality.
He was born in Lübeck as member of a merchant family with long tradition.
He studied law in Jena and Göttingen 1786 bis 1790, then he changed to theology and in the end to medicine.
In Jena he made friends with the writers Sophie Mereau and Johann Gottfried Herder.
After some journeys through Germany he worked as civil servant for the Danish government till 1829.
His most famous poem is „Der Wanderer“.
It was composed by Franz Schubert.
Cosimo Rosselli (1439 – after 1506) was an Italian painter, active mainly in his birthplace of Florence.
1439 births
1500s deaths
Der Wanderer is the name of a Lied composed by Franz Schubert in October 1816 for voice and piano.
The words are taken from a German poem by Georg Philipp Schmidt von Lübeck.
The lied is set in the key of C-sharp minor with the tempo marking sehr langsam (very slow) and the time signature alla breve.
The piece has a total of 72 measures.
Schubert wrote another lied entitled "Der Wanderer;" it is numbered D.649.
Detailed Description of Der Wanderer
The song begins with a recitative,  describing the setting: mountains, a steaming valley, the roaring sea.
The wanderer is strolling quietly, unhappily, and asks, sighing, the question: "where?"
The next section, consisting of 8 bars of a slow melody sung in pianissimo, describes the feelings of the wanderer: He feels that he is a stranger everywhere.
This 8 bar section was later used by Schubert as theme for  the second movement of the Wanderer Fantasy.
Next the music shifts to the key of E major, the tempo increases and the time signature changes to 6/8.
The wanderer asks: "where are you my beloved land?"
This place the wanderer longs for is described as green with hope, "the land where my roses bloom, my friends stroll, my dead rise" and, finally, "the land which speaks my language, Oh land, where are you?"
Towards the end of this section, the music gets quite animated and forms the climax of the song.
Finally, the music returns to the original minor key and slow tempo.
After quoting the question "where?"
from the opening, the song closes with a "ghostly breath" finally answering the question:  "There where you are not, there is happiness."
The song closes in the key of E major.
Recording by Lotte Lehmann
On December 27, 1939 at 01:57 UTC, the city was hit by a magnitude 7.8 earthquake, the most powerful to hit the country since the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake, which killed 32,700 people and injured more than 100,000.
On the same day, the temperature was , which caused many survivors of the earthquake to die from the cold.
The city was almost completely destroyed and it took many years to recover.
It remains the deadliest earthquake in Turkey and the deadliest earthquake in Anatolia since 1268.
At 08:18 UTC on 13 March 1992, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake shook the city, killing 652 people and injuring more than 2,000.
The city was badly damaged.
150 buildings collapsed and 8,000 buildings were damaged so badly, that they were later demolished.
Governor's Office
Jean-Paul Christophe Manoux  (born June 8, 1969) is an American actor.
He is best known for his role in the Disney Channel series Phil of the Future as Curtis/Vice Principal.
He is also famous for playing Kuzco in The Emperor's New School.
He also played the French robot mime in EuroTrip.
Manoux was also a contestant on Jeopardy!,
Family Feud and Wheel of Fortune.
He has authored and read two pieces for NPR's All Things Considered.
Back in 2000, he provided commentary on the Screen Actors Guild strike.
He was a striking actor and refused to do work.
Life Before Life is a book written by psychiatrist Jim B. Tucker.
It presents an overview of more than 40 years of reincarnation research at the University of Virginia into children's reports of past life memories.
The book suggests that consciousness can be considered separately from the brain, which provides a basis for claims of reincarnation.
Life Before Life has been translated into ten languages and the foreword to the book is written by Ian Stevenson.
Ian Stevenson, M.D., was a Canadian professor of psychiatry.
He worked at the University of Virginia, in the area of parapsychology.
Stevenson thought that the idea of reincarnation might help modern medicine better understand aspects of human behavior and development.
He traveled a lot over a period of 40 years to investigate 3,000 childhood cases that suggested to him the possibility of past lives.
Stevenson's research was the subject of Jim B. Tucker's Life Before Life (2005).
Stevenson found that the best evidence supporting the belief in reincarnation comes from the cases of young children who, typically between the ages of 2 and 5, make statements about a previous life they claim to have had before being born.
Their statements are often accompanied by behaviour that is unusual for their family but appropriate for the life that the child claims to remember.
There is often a "forgetting of the imaged memories between the ages of 5 and 8; a high incidence of violent death claimed in the claimed previous life; and mention of the mode of death by the subject".
Some 35 per cent of the subjects have birthmarks or birth defects which often correspond to injuries or illness experienced by the deceased person who the subject remembers.
Ian Stevenson authored or co-authored more than a dozen books.
Stevenson died in 2007, and many of these books are mentioned in his obituaries in the British Medical Journal, New York Times, and the Washington Post.
Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation, (second revised and enlarged edition), University of Virginia Press,  , 1974. (
This book includes detailed reports of 20 cases of children, from five different countries, who claimed to remember previous lives).
Reincarnation and Biology: A Contribution to the Etiology of Birthmarks and Birth Defects Volume 1: Birthmarks and Reincarnation and Biology: A Contribution to the Etiology of Birthmarks and Birth Defects Volume 2: Birth Defects and Other Anomalies. (
2 volumes), Praeger Publishers, , 1997.
Where Reincarnation and Biology Intersect.
Praeger Publishers, , 1997. (
A short and non-technical version of Reincarnation and Biology, for the general reader)
Children Who Remember Previous Lives: A Question of Reincarnation, (revised edition) , 2000. (
A general non-technical introduction into Reincarnation research).
European Cases of the Reincarnation Type.
McFarland & Company, , 2003.
A World in a Grain of Sand: The Clairvoyance of Stefan Ossowiecki, (with Mary Rose Barrington and Zofia Weaver), McFarland Press, , 2005.
The Division of Perceptual Studies (DOPS) at the University of Virginia
Parapsychologists
Jhelum  (Urdu and ) is a city on the right bank of the Jhelum River, in the district of the same name in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan.
Jhelum is known for providing a large number of soldiers to the British and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as city of soldiers or land of martyrs.
North Panjab, Greater Pothwar or Panjistan region
This area is sometimes called North Panjab, Upper Panjab, Greater Pothohar/Extended Pothwar (or occasionally North Panjnadi region), and nowadays more specifically and correctly known as Panjistan Region and when it is combined with Mirpuri, Poonchi (in Kashmir) and (Southern) Hindko localities (mostly Hazara) is also known as Panjistani belt.
Modern Panjistani
The Panjistani''' language (as originally certified by Mohammad Afzal UK 1987 and some others) was formerly called North Panjabi, Upper Panjabi, Pothwari, Mirpuri, Western Pahari, Northern Lahnda, etc.
In Jhelum it is spoken with the local accent or dialect known as Jhelumi.
Demand for Panjistan province recently
Parapsychology is the study of psychic events.
These phenomona involve the exchange of information between a person and their environment, without the use of the five senses.
They include extrasensory perception (such as telepathy), influence of mind on matter (psychokinesis), anomalous experiences (such as past life experiences and near death experiences) and apparitions.
Such things have been reported for a very long time.
In 2005, Nobel Laureate Brian Josephson said that many scientists are not yet swayed by the evidence for parapsychology and the paranormal.
Josephson contends that some scientists feel uncomfortable about ideas such as telepathy and that their emotions sometimes get in the way when making evaluations.
Parapsychology terms
Telepathy: the transfer of information outside of the five senses (sight, smell, hearing, touch and taste)
Precognition: transfer of information about the future.
Clairvoyance: transfer of information about far away places.
Psychokinesis: the ability of the mind to influence things outside one’s body (matter, time, space or energy)
Near death experience: the experiencing of the five senses by someone who has died.
Reincarnation: the rebirth of one’s soul or another aspect of consciousness into another body after death.
Apparitional Experience: the attribution of physical events to paranormal.
Why people believe
Belief Dependent Realism Theory
Created by psychologist Michael Shermer.
It states that the brain makes sense of the world by seeing patterns.
Because of this the mind is constantly looking for new patterns to better understand the world.
However, sometimes the mind finds patterns where none exist.
This is called Paternicity or pareidolia.
It is the tendency to find patterns, even when they aren’t really there.
When this happens people often view the world through these false patterns.
Heuristics are ways of thinking that conserve mental effort that allow quick decisions about a large amount of information.
One problem with heuristics is that they are often wrong.
Types of heuristics
Anchoring and Adjustment is a type of heuristic in which a person makes an educated guess about a question.
Then, when that person learns new information they adjust their answer around their original guess.
Psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman first discovered this type of heuristic.
In one of their first studies on Anchoring and Adjustment they gave divided participants into two groups, gave them one of two problems and asked them to guess the answer.
1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8
8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1
1 is the anchor in the first problem and 2 is the anchor in the second problem.
The average guess of the group given the first problem (with 1 as the anchor) is much lower than the group given the second problem (with 2 as the anchor).
The average guess of the first group was 512 and the average guess of the second group was 2,250.
Even though these answers were very different both were very far from the true answer, which was 40,320.
The Availability Heuristic is used when a person answers a question based on how easily instances of an event come to mind.
An example would be living in a neighborhood with a high crime rate and overestimating the amount of robberies that take place in the United States every year.
The Division of Perceptual Studies  at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.
Institute of Noetic Sciences An organization that supports research in parapsychology, which has a highly scientific and neutral way of researching parapsychology.
Parapsychological Association  An organization of scientists and scholars that study psychic phenomena, affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1969.
Rhine Research Center A historical parapsychological research center showing the first building ever made for experimental work in parapsychology.
The Rhine Research Center is a main place for research and education in Parapsychology.
Handedness is the preference for using either the left or the right side of the body for certain things.
People are described as left-handed or right-handed when they prefer to write with their left or their right hand.
They may prefer the use of certain hands for certain tasks.
Many prefer to use their right eye, right foot and right ear if forced to make a choice between the two).
The reasons for this are not fully understood.
Ambidexterity is when a person has approximately equal skill with both hands and/or both sides of the body.
In some sports work is done to even up the influence of the non-dominant side.
Soccer is a good example.
Handedness and brain function
Handedness is caused by the lateralisation of brain function.
Lateralisation is not only found in humans: it is found in many kinds of animals.
Handedness seems to follow from the brain hemisphere division of labor.
In most people the left side of the brain controls speaking, and the left cerebral hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body.
In 90-92% of all humans, the left hemisphere is the language hemisphere.
Therefore right-handedness predominates.
This theory predicts that left-handed people have a reversed brain division of labor.
Many societies have tried to force right-handedness onto left-handed children ("forced laterality").
The general experience is that such attempts are not entirely successful, and cause distress.
Writing is a case in point.
A right-handed script moves towards the right, and the righthanded writer's hand reveals what has just been written, which is good feedback.
When a left-handed person writes a right-handed script, their hand obscures (hides) what has just been written.
That interferes with the natural visual feedback to the writer.
So the way our alphabet is written, moving to the right, is better for right-handed writers.
Always there are always more right-handed people in a population.
But, all the same, the world has many important scripts which are written right to left.
Some, like Arabic, Hebrew, Persian and Urdu are widespread and important.
It is worth remembering that in the past most people could not write.
Even in England in 1800 many men signed their marriage certificate with an X, because they were illiterate (could not write).
Widespread literacy came in the 19th century.
So, when writing was invented, it was a few thousand years ago, and only the priests and officials needed to use it.
Almost all monuments of that time used pictures as well as words, so that the mass of people could understand them.
Much that we take for granted, like spaces between words (!),
was not there at the start of writing, and several oriental languages can be written top-to-bottom as well as horizontally.
On the other hand, with a keyboard, handedness does not matter.
This is why the issue of handedness is not so important now as it once was.
Handedness and early mankind
Physical anthropologists have pointed out that the human ability to throw weapons such as rocks and spears is quite notable.
Chimpanzees have handedness, but their ability to throw is much less good.
For protection, catching prey and for making tools, handedness is critical.
Many other animals also have handedness.
For example: elephants often have preferences for whether they swing their trunks to the left or the right.
Honeybees have right antennas that are more sensitive to smells.
Parrots can be left- or right-footed, and some don’t mind (they are ambidextrous).
Animals as different as chickens and minnows like to look for food with one eye and look out for predators  with the other.
This seems to help them do two things at once.
The Andromeda galaxy is the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, our galaxy.
Andromeda is sometimes called Messier 31, M31 or NGC 224 by astronomers.
It is about 2.6 million light years away from us.
In other words, we see it as it was 2.6 million years ago.
Andromeda is named after the princess in Greek mythology called Andromeda (Ανδρομέδα).
Andromeda is the largest galaxy of the Local Group, which consists of the Andromeda galaxy, the Milky Way galaxy, the Triangulum galaxy, and about 30 other smaller galaxies.
Although the largest, Andromeda may not be the most massive.
Recent findings suggest that the Milky Way contains more dark matter and may be the most massive in the group.
The 2006 observations by the Spitzer Space Telescope revealed that M31 contains a trillion stars (1012).
This is more than the number of stars in our own galaxy, which is estimated to be c. 200-400 billion.
Andromeda is estimated to be 7.1 solar masses.
In comparison, a 2009 study estimated that the Milky Way and Andromeda are about equal in mass,
At an apparent magnitude of 3.4, the Andromeda galaxy is notable for being one of the brightest Messier objects.
It visible to the naked eye on moonless nights even when viewed from areas with moderate light pollution.
Although it appears more than six times as wide as the full Moon when photographed by a larger telescope, only the brighter central region is visible to the naked eye.
Being both large and bright, it is one of the farthest objects that can be seen without a telescope or binoculars.
The Andromeda galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about 100 to 140 kilometres per second (62 to 87 mi/s), so it is one of the few blue shifted galaxies.
The Andromeda galaxy and the Milky Way are thus expected to collide in perhaps 4.5 billion years.
The Milky Way–Andromeda collision is likely to make the galaxies merge, to form a giant elliptical galaxy.
Such events do happen in galaxy groups.
However, 4.5 billion years is a vast period of time, roughly equal to the time the Earth has existed as a planet.
Satellite galaxies
Orbiting M31 are at least 13 dwarf galaxies.
the brightest and largest is M110, which can be seen with a basic telescope.
The second-brightest and closest one to M31 is M32.
Observational history
The Persian astronomer Al Sufi was the first man to record seeing the Andromeda galaxy.
He called the galaxy 'a small cloud' in his book, the Book of Fixed Stars, which was published in 964 AD.
The first person to look at the galaxy with a telescope was Simon Marius in 1612.
In 1764 Charles Messier put it into his catalogue of astronomical objects.
He called it M31 and gave the credit for its discovery to Marius, as he did not know that Al Sufi had seen it hundreds of years previously.
In 1751 William Herschel estimated the distance to the Andromeda 'nebula' as 'no more than 2000 times the distance to Sirius, or around 17,200 light years.
The best modern estimate of Andromeda's distance is 2.54 million light years.
In the 1920s astronomer Edwin Hubble proved that Andromeda was a galaxy, and not a gas cloud in the Milky Way as had been thought.
Andromeda galaxy in fiction
A for Andromeda: a 1961 BBC science fiction drama series written by astronomer Fred Hoyle and John Elliott, and broadcast by BBC TV in seven episodes.
Remade in 2006 as a film.
The Andromeda Breakthrough was a BBC 1962 sequel written by Fred Hoyle and John Elliott.
Andromeda (TV series).
A Canadian/American science fiction television series, based on unused material by Gene Roddenberry, and developed by Robert Hewitt Wolfe.
Andromeda Galaxy -Citizendium
Moses Mabhida Stadium is a sports stadium in Durban, South Africa.
It was built in 2009.
FIFA calls this stadium Durban Stadium.
Official Moses Mabhida Stadium Site
FIFA World Cup stadiums
2000s establishments in South Africa
Endive (Chicorium endivia) is a leafy plant of the family Asteraceae.
The plants are either annual, or they live for two years.
Originally, these plants grew in the countries around the Mediterranean.
There are many varieties, but they can be split into two groups
the curly-leaved.
or narrow-leaved endive
Batavian or broad-leaved endive
Since Antiquity, these plants have been used to make salads.
Sometimes they are cooked, and prepared similar to spinach or chard.
Cape Town Stadium is a sports stadium in Cape Town, South Africa.
FIFA calls this stadium Green Point Stadium.
Its speed can be made faster or slower.
Padded flooring is often used around the machine in order to prevent injury to those thrown off it.
A special motor lets the operator to safely control the ride and safety for the rider; this motor allows the operator to stop the ride before a rider is thrown off the machine.
The trained operator at the speed control box controls the unit’s speed as well as spin direction.
The equipment has the ability of starting rides very slowly and can be advanced to faster speeds if a rider is able to handle them.
It can go slow and simply spin for beginners and run at a more advanced speed for experts or professionals.