the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Although water is, generally speaking, a much more powerful eroding force than wind, aeolian processes are primary in deserts.
Sand dust from the Sahara gets all over Europe, and even as far as the Amazon basin.
Winds and global air movements are what causes this widespread travel of materials from the ground.
The American Girl series is a series of books and accompanying dolls about fictional girls who live in different time periods in America's history.
The American Girl series was first created by The Pleasant Company in 1986, founded by Pleasant T. Rowland.
Today, the dolls and books are made by Mattel, a large toy company.
Each doll has her own line of accessories that includes a series of books about her life, furniture, clothing, pets, and things that she would use or play with.
For some dolls, a doll of her best friend is included in the collection.
Four of the dolls have had movies made about their stories.
Current Historical Dolls
Kaya (1760s)
Maryellen  (1950s)
Josefina (1820s)
Addy (1860s)
Kit (1930s)
Julie (1970s)
Rebecca (1910s)
Samantha (BeForever) (1900s)
Melody  (1960s)
'Retired' dolls
Felicity (1770s)
Kirsten (1850s)
Samantha (1900s), however Samantha was re-released in 2014 as part of American Girl's BeForever Collection
Molly & Emily (1940s)
Cécile & Marie-Grace (1850s)
Caroline (1810s)
Girl of the Year
There is also another line of dolls called "Girl of the Year," (called "American Girl of Today" before 2006).
Each girl stars in her two book (one book before 2007) series.
Their stories take place in modern times in the year they are released.
The line was made starting in 2001.
However, there wasn't a Girl of the Year in 2002 and 2004 due to low sales of Lindsey.
These are the Girls of the Year:
Lindsey Bergman (2001)
Kailey Hopkins (2003)
Marisol Luna (2005)
Jess McConnell (2006)
Nicki Fleming (2007)
Mia St. Clair (2008)
Chrissa Maxwell (2009) (released along with her friends Gwen Thompson and Sonali Matthews)
Lanie Holland (2010)
Kanani Akina (2011)
McKenna Brooks (2012)
Saige Copeland (2013)
Isabelle Palmer (2014)
Grace Thomas (2015)
Lea Clark (2016)
Gabriela McBride (2017)
Luciana Vega (2018)
Official American Girl web site
Society of American Girl Collectors
Archived Article about the uniqueness of the American Girls Doll.
On-Set Pictures : ''Molly: An American Girl Victory
Kit's Movie Headed For Theatres
A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust.
Hot springs are in many places, especially in mountains.
There is no universally accepted definition of a hot spring.
For example, one can find the phrase hot spring defined as
any geothermal spring
a spring with water temperatures above its surroundings
a spring with water temperatures above
a natural spring with water temperature above body temperature – normally between
a natural spring of water greater than  (synonymous with thermal spring)
a natural discharge of groundwater with elevated temperatures
Sources of heat
Sergei Parajanov ( Sargis Hovsepi Parajanyan;  Sergej Iosifovich Paradzhanov; also spelled Paradzhanov or Paradjanov), (January 9, 1924 – July 20 1990), is considered by many to be one of the most original and critically-acclaimed filmmakers of the 20th century.
His work reflected the ethnic diversity of the Caucasus where he was raised.
He was born to Armenian parents Iosif Paradjanyan and Siranush Bejanyan, in Tbilisi, Georgia.
In 1945, Parajanov traveled to Moscow, enrolled in the directing department at VGIK, one of the oldest and highly respected film schools of Europe, and studied under the tutelage of directors Igor Savchenko and Aleksandr Dovzhenko.
In 1950 Parajanov married his first wife, Nigyar Kerimova in Moscow.
She came from a Muslim Tatar family and converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity to marry Parajanov, to terrible consequences: she was later murdered by her relatives in retaliation for her conversion.
As a result of this tragic event Parajanov moved to Kyiv.
There he produced several documentaries (Dumka, Golden Hands,
Natalia Uzhvy) and a handful of narrative films based on Ukrainian and Moldovan folktales, such as Andriesh, Ukrainian Rhapsody, and Flower on the Stone.
He became fluent in Ukrainian, remarried (Svetlana Ivanovna Sherbatiuk in 1956) and had a son (Suren, 1958).
1967: Sayat Nova
1984: SURAMI BERD
1986: ASHUGH GHARIB
Movie directors from Georgia (country)
Artavazd Peleshyan (born November 22, 1938) is an Armenian movie director.
He makes documentaries.
Peleshyan is also the author of many books, such as his 1988 book Moyo kino (My Cinema).
Peleshyan's work has not been recognized by world cinema until after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Since then, he has been able to make two more short films, Life (1993) and The End (1994).
He is now living in Moscow and suffering from a severe mental illness.
Films directed
My I Nashi Gory - 1969
A dress is one of the basic styles of female clothing.
It is a garment of a skirt (bottom half) with an attached bodice (top half).
The colouring and style of the dress gives the effect of a one-piece garment.
A dress is also known as a frock or a gown.
In Europe and the Americas, dresses are worn by females of all ages as an alternative to a separate skirt and blouse or trousers.
There are many types of dresses.
A dress is usually worn at formal occasions, such as a wedding or a dance.
It is also worn in the summer to keep cool.
Younger females tend to prefer shorter skirts than older females.
Type of dress
Afternoon dress
cocktail dress
Evening dress
Saree
Later in the 1550s French women were inspired by Spanish-style bodices and also wore ruffs(a frilly circle worn on the neck).
In England, Queen Elizabeth said what kinds of dresses women could wear.
During the 17 century, Lace and slashing(when fabric is layered and cut so it feels like velvet) became popular decorations.
Skirts were full, and the overskirt(the skirt worn over all the others) allowed the display of an underskirt of contrasting fabric.
Necklines became lower as well.
Skirts were wide and supported by hoop underskirts in the 18th century.
One-piece gowns were popular until the middle of the century.
During the 1760s in France, hoop petticoats(undergarments like skirts) were reduced in size.
Women also liked lighter colors and lighter fabrics.
Women's dresses in the 19th century began to be sorted by the time of day or purpose of the dress.
Dresses with high waists were popular until around 1830.
Europeans styles in dresses increased quickly to the hoop skirt and the crinoline using styles of the 1860s.
Dresses had "day" bodice with a high neckline and long sleeves, and an "evening" bodice with a low neckline and very short sleeves.
Skirts of the 1860s had a lot of decoration.
Stylopedia -- an online dictionary of fashion details
ApparelSeach glossary of textile and apparel terms
An international dress size converter
Giza or Gizah (Arabic, الجيزة, transliterated al-Gīzah; pronounced in dialect of Cairo of Egyptian Arabic eg-Gīza; also sometimes spelled in English as Gizeh, Ghizeh, or Geezeh) is a town in Egypt.
It is on the west bank of the Nile river.
It is about 20 km southwest of central Cairo.
Today it is  part of the greater Cairo metropolis.
It is the capital of the Al Jizah Governorate, and is  near the northeast border of this governorate in coordinates .
It is right on the banks of the Nile River.
It had 4,779,000 people living in it in 1998.
Giza is known for being the place where the Giza Plateau is.
The plateau is the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world.
There are  a complex of ancient Egyptian royal mortuary and sacred structures there.
These include the Great Sphinx, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and a number of other large pyramids and temples.
Giza's most famous archaeological site, the Giza Plateau, holds some of the most astonishing monuments in Egyptian history.
Once thriving with the Nile that flowed right into the Giza Plateau, the Pyramids of Giza were built overlooking the ancient Egyptian capital of Memphis, which was near modern-day Cairo.
The city itself has seen some changes over time.
Changes in infrastructure during the different occupations of Egypt by various rulers, including the British in the 19th and early 20th century, focused on the construction of roads, streets, and buildings in the area.
It is commonly misunderstood that the Giza area is a complete desert area; however, Giza has become a thriving centre of Egyptian culture and is quite heavily populated, with many facilities and buildings in the current area.
Giza saw much attention in particular to its vast amount of ancient Egyptian monuments found on the Giza Plateau, and has astonished thousands of visitors and tourists over the years.
Giza's infrastructure saw much attention from both the British government prior to the 1952 coup d'état as well as the current Egyptian government due to the city's importance in tourism.
International access
Fictional references
Giza is also known for its appearance as a dig and discovery site in the fictional universe of Stargate.
An interplanetary transportation device is found and is the central basis for a movie and 2 popular television shows.
Los Angeles, United States
Rinkeby, Stockholm, Sweden
Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
Giza Archives Project
Giza on Wikivoyage
Thorns, spines and prickles, a sharp structure or growth on plants
Thorn tree
Hawthorn, Crataegus
Thorn (letter) (Þ, þ), a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic alphabets
Toruń, Poland (known as Thorn in German)
Thorn, Bedfordshire
Thorn, Devon
Thorn, Herefordshire
Thorn, Powys
Thorn, California, in San Bernardino County
Thorn, Mississippi, in Chickasaw County
Thorn, Utah, in Salt Lake County
Persons, Characters
Andy Thorn
Brad Thorn, Australian/New Zealand rugby league and rugby union footballer
Gaston Thorn (b. 1928), Luxembourg politician
George Thorn
Colonel Herman Thorn (1783–1859), called "the millionaire of New York", brother of Jonathan Thorn
Jan Thorn-Prikker
John Thorn
John Thorn (musician)
Jonathan Thorn
Matt Thorn
Nautica Thorn
Philip Thorn
Robyn Thorn
Rod Thorn
Stuart Thorn, President of the Fat People United Group
Tracey Thorn
Rose and Thorn is a character with a split personality in DC comics
Thorn, the main character of the online fantasy story Darksoul Kingdom
Thorn Harvestar, a main character in Jeff Smith's Bone comic series
Thorns (band), a Norwegian black metal band
The Thorns, an American acoustic rock band
Thorn (Inheritance) a dragon from the Inheritance Trilogy
Thorn EMI
THORN Electrical Industries
Thorn Cycles, British bicycle manufacturer
Thorn guitars, guitar manufacturer
Thorn Lighting, luminaire manufacturer, part of Zumtobel Lighting Group
Thorns (novel), a 1967 science fiction novel by American writer Robert Silverberg
Thorn (horse), racehorse that won the Kentucky Futurity in 1897
Thorn (video game)
Thorn (Inheritance), the red dragon on the cover of the book Eldest
Botanists use three different words for sharp things on plants.
They are thorns, spines, and prickles.
Thorns are the ends of branches that are hard and sharp.
Spines are hard structures with sharp ends.
There are many different kinds of spines, some on leaves, some grow instead of leaves.
Prickles are on the outside of stems.
Spines, prickles, and thorns protect plants from plant-eating animals (defence against herbivory).
Some plants and animals, such as the acacia tree and giraffe have evolved in response to each other.
The plants grow very long spines and the animals develop very long tongues to reach past the spines and feed on the leaves.
Esau, K. 1965.
Plant Anatomy, 2nd Edition.
767 pp.
Llamas, K. A. 2003.
Tropical Flowering Plants.
Timber Press, Portland.
423 pp.
Pope Pius IX (, ; May 13, 1792 – February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Feretti, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 256th Pope, from 1846 until his death.
Only Saint Peter himself led the church longer than the 32-year reign of Pius IX.
Father Mastai-Feretti was named Bishop of Spoletto in 1827.
In 1877, the Golden Jubilee celebrations recalled the 50 years since he was named a bishop.
In 1849, Pius was deposed as the temporal ruler of the Papal States.
As a result of Italian nationalism and the Risorgimento, the Papal States and all of the pope's land outside the Apostolic Palace were seized in 1870 and pope spent his last years a virtual prisoner within the Vatican.
First Vatican Council
In 1869-1870, Pope Pius brought together the church's bishops and cardinals in a meeting called the Vatican Council.
The council defined the dogma of papal infallibility.
The body of Pope Pius IX was exhumed in 1956.<ref> "Body of Pope Pius IX Exhumed in Ceremony," New York Times."
October 26, 1956; retrieved 2011-10-30.</ref>  This was part of a ceremony of "recognition".
Kertazer, David I. (1997).
The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara.''
New York: Knopf. ; ;
OCLC 35829023
Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Pius IX
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Mastai-Feretti
Deaths from epilepsy
A sickle is a curved cutting tool used in agriculture for harvesting grain crops.
It is a hand tool and was used before machines for harvesting.
It has a curved blade with an attached handle.
The inside part of the curve is sharp, so the user can swing the blade against the crop's base, catching it in the curve and slicing it.
Some sickles have a serrated blade like a saw.
A sickle is sometimes used as a weapon.
In Greek mythology, Cronus and Perseus did this.
Kilometres per hour is a unit of measurement, which measures speed or velocity.
The unit symbol is km/h or km·h−1.
By definition, an object travelling at a speed of 1 km/h in a straight line for 1 hour moves 1 kilometre.
The unit is the most commonly used unit of speed worldwide, more common than the SI unit of speed, metres per second.
3.6 km/h ≡ 1 m/s, the SI unit of speed, metre per second
1 km/h ≈ 0.277 78 m/s
1 km/h ≈ 0.621 37 mph ≈ 0.911 34 feet per second
1 knot ≡ 1.852 km/h (exactly)
1 mile = 1.609344 km (~1.61 km)
n km/h ≈ ( 1.61 * n ) mph (where n is a quantity of speed in km/h)
1 mph = ~1.6 km/h
A conversion calculator for Units of Speed
| birth place = Thousand Oaks,California, USA.
Amanda Laura Bynes (born April 3, 1986) is an American actress, program host on Nickelodeon and fashion designer.
After being in several successful television series on Nickelodeon in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Bynes has moved into a movie career.
She starred in several movies aimed at teenage audiences.
These included Big Fat Liar, She's the Man, Hairspray, and Easy A. She was on the 2007 Forbes list as the 5th highest paid celebrities under 21 earning $2.5 million.
Bynes has been described by The Boston Globe as having an "everygirl" appeal, embodying "both everything her teen fans dream of being and everything they know they really are, and they love her for it."
In 2006, she was named one of Teen People's "25 Hottest Stars Under 25".
On June 19, 2010, Bynes said on her Twitter that she is retiring from acting saying she does not like it as much as she used to.
A month later, Bynes changed her mind and returned to acting.
In April 2012 Bynes was arrested for side-swiping a police car.
In June 2012 she was charged with driving under alcohol or drugs when she was arrested in April.
In May 2013 Bynes was arrested at her house in Manhattan for having marijuana.
In July she was arrested after she set fire to a stranger's driveway.
The police decided that she should be kept for psychiatric evaluation for her own safety.
Since September 2013 Bynes has been in The Canyon rehab in Malibu for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment.
Actors from Ventura County, California
People from Ventura County, California
An exclamation mark (!)
is a punctuation mark.
It is used to show strong emotion at the end of a sentence or after an interjection.
In coding, "!"
sometimes means not.
In mathematics, the use of an exclamation mark can be used for the factorial function (for example, ).
The Yupik (in the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language, Yup'ik, plural Yupiit) people are a group of native people who mainly live in certain parts of Alaska, somewhere near Fairbanks.
The 1918 influenza pandemic killed many of the indigenous people in Alaska.
Many died during famines and the culture suffered when the Soviet government made villagers move.
Some of the Yupi'k people's traditions are celebrating the dead.
They celebrate by having ceremonies with a shaman, where they connect with the dead.
They also name the next child born after the most recent person who has died.
People from Alaska
Aniuyguyna Sergeevna Kournikova (born June 7, 1981, in Moscow, Russia, then USSR) (Russian: Анна Сергеевна Курникова) is a Russian model and retired professional tennis player.
She won two Grand Slam doubles tournaments, both with Swiss player Martina Hingis.
In 1999, the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) said she was the best doubles player in the world.
She also played tennis for Russia in an international competition called the Fed Cup.
Kournikova played in her last Grand Slam tournament in 2009.
Since then, she modeled clothes and played in exhibition tennis matches.
Although she was born in Russia, she lives in Miami, Florida, in the United States.
She appeared in several advertisements mainly about tennis.
As of July 2008, her boyfriend is Spanish singer Enrique Iglesias.
Kournikova was born in Moscow, Russia, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1981.
Her mother is called Alla, and her father is called Ser.
She first picked up a tennis racket when she was five years old and joined the Spartak Tennis Club.
She improved very much and when she was 10 years old she moved to Florida to train at an academy.
In 2000, it was reported that she was going to marry Russian NHL player Pavel Bure.
Another Russian ice hockey player, Sergei Fedorov, who played for the Detroit Red Wings said he married Kournikova in 2001, but they divorced later that year.
In 2002, she was in a music video with Enrique Iglesias for his song Escape.
She was Iglesias's girlfriend after this video, but she later said she did not want to get married.
Iglesias said Kournikova kept saying no when he would ask her to marry him.
He said "I always try, but she doesn't want to."
Kournikova has said that she is not interested in getting married: "I'm never getting married.
Everything is good."
In 2002, she was the second most popular athlete searched for on Google, and was voted the "Sexiest Woman In The World" by FHM readers.
However, some experts working for ESPN voted her the 18th biggest sports failure from 1979 to 2004.
It is estimated Kournikova earned about £50 million in her career as of 2007, but most of this did not come from tennis.
She said "You cannot just be a great tennis player or just be a beautiful person to succeed in the game any more.
You have to have it all: the talent, the looks, the brains and the drive."
Playing style
Kournikova holds her racket in her right hand but uses both hands when she plays backhand shots.
She is a good player at the net.
She has several different types of shots, some of which are her hard shots from the back of the court and drop shots which land just over the net.
Professional tennis career
Kournikova became a professional tennis player in October 1995 when she was 14 years old.
In 1996, the WTA gave her a prize for being the best new player in the world.
She won the first of her 16 WTA tour doubles titles in September 1998 in Tokyo, in Japan.
Her partner for the victory was American player Monica Seles.
After this, Kournikova would often play her doubles matches with Swiss player Martina Hingis.
She finished the year in the top 20 women tennis players in the world.
In 1999, the pair won five doubles tournaments, one of which was the Australian Open, and they came second in the French Open.
That year, the WTA gave them an award for being the best doubles pair in the world.
Kournikova won six doubles tournaments in 2000, four of them with Hingis.
In 2001, Kournikova suffered an injury to her foot which meant she was unable to play in many tournaments that year.
She got better and won the doubles tournament at the Australian Open in 2002, again with Hingis.
Other injuries like a bad back meant that in 2003, Kournikova played very few tournaments and said "I do not want to go on playing unless I can participate 100%".
Kournikova also played tennis for Russia in the Fed Cup.
She played both singles and doubles and won 12 out of 19 matches between 1996 and 2000.
Kournikova won two doubles tournaments.
She won the 1999 Australian Open with Swiss player Martina Hingis when they defeated Lindsay Davenport and Natasha Zvereva.
Kournikova and Hingis won the 2002 Australian Open, when they defeated Daniela Hantuchová and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario.
They were also runners-up in the 1999 French Open where they lost to the American pair Venus and Serena Williams.
At the end of 1999, Kournikova was the best doubles player in the world.
Kournikova has also played mixed doubles.
She was runner-up with Swede Jonas Björkman in 1999 at the Wimbledon Championships.
She also finished runner-up with Max Mirnyi from Belarus in the 2000 US Open.
Special achievements
1996 – WTA Newcomer of the Year Award
1999 – WTA Doubles Team of the Year Award (with Martina Hingis)
Modeling and sponsorship
Kournikova began to be a model while she was still playing tennis.
When she lost in the first round at Wimbledon in 2002, she had an interview with a reporter from the BBC.
The reporter suggested that her modeling was making her concentrate less on tennis.
This upset her and she nearly walked out of the interview.
She said she was "100% committed to tennis".
Kournikova sponsored a video game called "Anna Kournikova's Smash Court Tennis" for the Sony PlayStation in 1999.
She was also sponsored by sportswear manufacturer Adidas and sports bra manufacturer Berlei.
She made more than ten times as much money from her sponsors than from playing tennis that year.
She made a £7 million agreement to be in an advertising campaign for the internet company Lycos.
In 2002, Adidas said they were worried she was not concentrating on tennis enough.
Anna Kournikova's official website
Annasquare – Anna Kournikova pictures gallery
Sportspeople from Moscow
Sk8er Boi is a single by pop-punk singer Avril Lavigne.
It is one of her most famous songs.
Song information
In this song, she tells the story of a relationship between a "sk8er boi" (skater boy) and a more preppy girl who does ballet.
Although both of them "want" each other, the girl rejects him against her own secret feelings because of peer pressure.
In the end, the skater boy becomes famous and is with another punk girl (Avril sings in that girl's point of view) who cares for him, leaving the preppy girl behind.
"Get Over It"
"Nobody's Fool (live)"
"Sk8er Boi" (video)
The music video begins with what may be the "Sk8er Boi" in the alley of a city with a bunch of spray paint on the ground.
The music video goes along with posters that have a star on them advertising a concert Avril hosts, where people use their cars and amplifiers to have the concert on the streets.
The concert gets so wild the police come in trying to stop it.
At the end of the video, Avril crashes her guitar into the car windshield.
A police helicopter comes in, leaving a mystery as to what they will do.
Movie adaptation
In 2003, Paramount Pictures optioned the song for adaptation into a feature film.
However, as of December 2006, the film has apparently been abandoned or is stuck in development hell.
2002 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
A wage or salary earned for work (see also minimum wage)
The process of payment for goods and services, an aspect of trade
Waterproofing the seams of a wooden ship
A talk show is a radio or television program where one or more hosts discuss current issues or other topics with guests.
Many talk shows (especially those on radio) allow members of the public to join in, through telephone calls, letters, e-mail and Internet chat.
Talk shows are often meant to entertain, and many feature comedy or  performing.
Many shows, though, do a , by informing the public and discussing issues openly.
While some are locally based, and serve only one station's audience, others become  and play on many stations, or are broadcast by a regional or national network.
The host of a talk show may already be a celebrity, or may become one as their show becomes popular.
Some are professionals or experts in a field of knowledge, such as psychology or business.
Others are well-known performers who can converse well with others.
Guests on a talk show may also be experts in a field of knowledge or work, longtime professionals, or new and familiar celebrities, performers or athletes.
Sometimes guests are members of the public who do something that interests others, such as inventors and authors, or someone who comes to public attention through a disaster or mishap.
Johnny Carson hosted NBC's The Tonight Show for thirty years, with guests from every walk of life, including many old and new celebrities. (
Comedian Jay Leno took over The Tonight Show when Carson retired.)
Singer Mike Douglas hosted a popular, long-running show, co-hosted by weekly guests.
Merv Griffin, David Frost and Dick Cavett also had long-running talk shows.
Dr. Joyce Brothers was one of the first women to host a national talk show.
Other women followed as hosts, including Oprah Winfrey, Joan Rivers, Ricki Lake, Rosie O'Donnell, and Ellen DeGeneres.
Many celebrities host a talk show after they finish work on a television series, to change the direction of their career or to promote things they think are important.
Many such series last only a season or two, and some even less.
Actresses Gabrielle Carteris, Caroline Rhea and Megan Mullally each hosted short-lived talk shows, after leaving successful series.
Nearly every show aired at the same time as The Tonight Show has been cancelled after a short run, including shows hosted by Chevy Chase and Dennis Miller.
Arsenio Hall came close, with a show lasting five seasons.
Late Show with David Letterman has been the most successful, and is still airing. (
Ironically, David Letterman was a hopeful to take over The Tonight Show from Carson when he retired in 1992.)
Talk shows became more and more popular on  from the 1970s onward, as AM stations began to play less music.
Today talk shows are heard on AM, FM, and also  radio stations, , and the Internet.
Larry King began his career on radio, and "crossed over" to television after many years as a popular host.
Howard Stern led the trend of "", using profanity and personal topics to make his show more exciting.
Art Bell talked about controversial topics, like UFOs and possible government conspiracies.
Call-in shows are meant especially for members of the public to join in, by telephone.
Callers may wish to talk about current topics in politics, economics or social trends, or to seek advice, or help with a personal problem.
Dr. Laura Schlesinger, Dr. Joy Browne, and Bruce Williams help callers with problems, while Michael Savage and many other hosts discuss current issues, on their radio shows.
A graduated cylinder (also called measuring cylinder) is a piece of laboratory glassware used to measure the volume of liquids.
It is used to accurately measure the volume of chemicals for use in reactions.
Edmond Keosayan (; Leninakan, now Gyumri, October 9, 1936 - Moscow, April 21, 1994) was an Armenian Soviet movie director and musician.
From 1954 to 1956 Keosayan studied in Plekhanov Moscow Institute of Economy.
From 1956 to 1958 he studied in Yerevan Fine Arts and Theatre Institute.
In 1964, he graduated from the Directing Department of VGIK (E.Dzigan's master class).
Since 1964 Keosayan has been a director at Mosfilm Studio.
He has worked worked a few times for Armenfilm Studio.
1964: Where are you quiet Maxim? (
Gde ty teper, Maxim?)
1966: The Elusive Avengers (Neulovimye mstiteli/Неуловимые мстители)
1968: The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers (Novye priklyucheniya nuelovimykh/Новые приключения неуловимых)
1971: The Crown of the Russian Empire or Once again the Elusive Avengers (Korona Rossiyskoy imperi, ili snova neulovimykh
1973: Tghamardik (Russian: Muzhchiny, English The Men)
1975: Moratsvatz heqiatneri kirtche (Russian: Ushchele pokinutykh skazok, English: The Canyon of Deserted Tales)
1975: When September comes (Kogda nastupayet sentyabr)
1978: Huso Astgh (Star of Hope, Russian: Zvezda nadezhdy, alternative Armenian title: Mkhitar sparapet)
1980: Legend tzaghratzui masin (Russian: Legenda o skomorokhe, English: Legend of the Clown)
Amerigo Vespucci (9 March 1451- 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer and cartographer.
He was the first person to explain that the New World discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492 was not the eastern area of Asia, but an unknown continent (the Americas).
North and South America get this name from a feminized and latinized version of his first name, Americus.
Canaday, James A. The Life of Amerigo Vespucci .
Account of 'The First Voyage', 1497: Letter of Amerigo Vespucci To Pier Soderini - Fordham University (U.S.) Internet Modern History Sourcebook
A scale model  - A scaled wooden model of the Amerigo Vespucci.
'I am America.' -
New York Times: Five hundred years ago, our continent was given a name.
1454 births
1512 deaths
Titanic is a 1997 American epic romantic disaster movie.
It was directed, written, and co-produced by James Cameron.
The movie is about the 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic.
It stars Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio.
The two play characters who are of different social classes.
They fall in love after meeting aboard the ship, but it was not good for a rich girl to fall in love with a poor boy in 1912.
Titanic ran for 200 days in cinemas.
Production of the movie began in 1995.
Cameron recorded footage of the real Titanic wreck.
The reconstruction of the Titanic was created at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California.
To create the sinking of the ship, scale models and computer-generated imagery were used.
Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox helped with half of the funding for the movie.
At the time when the movie was released, it was the most expensive movie ever made.
It had a budget of $200 million.
The movie was released on December 19, 1997.
It received positive critical reviews.
The movie won 11 Academy Awards, and was nominated for fourteen total Academy Awards.
It was also a commercial success with a total worldwide gross of $2.196 billion.
A 100-year-old woman named Rose DeWitt Bukater tells a story about her voyage on the famous ship Titanic.
She is sharing the story with her granddaughter, Lizzy Calvert, and a crew of men who are interested in the Titanic shipwreck.
The members of the crew are named Brock Lovett, Lewis Bodine, Bobby Buell, and Anatoly Mikailavich.
She tells the story while on the Keldysh.
The men are on the Keldysh trying to find a famous necklace called "The Heart of the Ocean" that they think sank with the ship.
She goes on to explain the whole story from the ship's departure to the sinking of Titanic on its first (and last) voyage at 2:20 in the morning on April 15, 1912.
Most of the movie is not Old Rose telling the story, but Young Rose actually living the story.
On April 10th 1912, Young Rose boards a ship called Titanic with the upper-class passengers, her mother, Ruth DeWitt Bukater, and her fiancé, Caledon 'Cal' Hockley.
Meanwhile, a drifter and artist named Jack Dawson and his best friend Fabrizio De Rossi win third-class tickets to the ship in a game.
After winning a trip on the RMS Titanic during a dockside card game, American Jack Dawson spots the society girl Rose DeWitt Bukater who is on her way to Philadelphia to marry her rich snob fiancé Cal Hockley.
Rose feels helplessly trapped by her situation and makes her way to the aft deck and thinks of suicide until she is rescued by Jack.
Cal is therefore obliged to invite Jack to dine at their first-class table where he suffers through the slights of his snobbish hosts.
In return, he spirits Rose off to third class for an evening of dancing, giving her the time of her life.
Deciding to forsake her intended future all together, Rose asks Jack, who has made his living making sketches on the streets of Paris, to draw her in the nude wearing the invaluable blue diamond Cal has given her.
Cal finds out and has Jack locked away.
Soon after wards, the ship hits an iceberg and Rose must find Jack while both must run from Cal even as the ship sinks deeper into the freezing water.
In 1996, treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team has reached the most famous shipwreck of all - the RMS Titanic.
Emerging with a safe believed to contain a famous diamond called the "Heart of the Ocean", he discovers that the safe does not hold the diamond, but a drawing of a beautiful young woman wearing it.
When Lovett is later interviewed on television, he shows the drawing to the cameras, and Rose Dawson Calvert, now 101, recognizes the young woman in the drawing - herself.
She and her granddaughter Lizzy visit Lovett on his research ship over the wrecksite, and tells her story of the Titanic and its ill-fated maiden voyage.
In 1912, 17-year-old society girl Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ship's first class suites with her fiance, Pittsburgh Steel tycoon owner Caledon Hockley, and her mother, Ruth DeWitt Bukater, in Southampton.
Also boarding are poor artist Jack Dawson and his best friend Fabrizio De Rossi, after a lucky poker game wins them in steerage.
When Rose attempts suicide by jumping off the stern in third class, Jack pulls her back onto the ship... and a bond is forged between them as Jack is invited by her into first class the following day.
Rose's mother and Cal try desperate measures to keep them apart as Jack and Rose fall in love, until the Titanic collides with an iceberg and is critically damaged.
Now Jack and Rose must fight to stay alive, as their passionate romance becomes a struggle for survival, but Jack eventually freezes to death due to spending too much time in extremely cold water.
The movie scenes of the ship's journey were taken on the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in July 1996.
Principal photography for Titanic began in September 1996.
The location was at the newly-built Fox Baja Studios.
The poop deck was built on a move-able machine.
This allow it to rise from zero to ninety degrees in a few seconds.
This was used during the sinking scene of the movie.
Many props were made of foam rubber.
The material was used for the safety of the stuntmen.
On November 15, the boarding scenes were recorded.
Cameron decided to build his RMS Titanic on the starboard side.
This was because weather data showed north-to-south winds.
This caused the funnel smoke to move in one direction.
A full-time etiquette coach was hired.
He taught the cast on the manners of the upper class during the year 1912.
However, several critics noticed that some cast members were not very good.
They also noticed the two main stars on the movie were not well trained.
Cameron sketched Jack's nude portrait of Rose for the nude scene.
He said "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling.
It's kind of exhilarating (happy) for that reason."
The nude scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together.
Cameron said, "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better.
There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance [unsure] in them."
This was the first scene to be recorded.
Cameron said that the "big set" was not yet ready.
The crew members had to record something so they decided to do the nude scene first.
An angry crew member put the dissociative drug PCP into the soup that Cameron and other members ate one night.
This caused more than 50 people to be rushed to the hospital. "
There were people just rolling around, completely out of it.
Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics," said actor Lewis Abernathy.
Cameron had vomited before the drug began working.
Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "
One eye was completely red, like the Terminator eye.
A pupil, no iris, beet red.
The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."
The person who poisoned the cast members was never found.
Filming was scheduled to last 138 days.
However, it grew to 160.
Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections.
This happened during the many hours they spent in the cold water.
Winslet, who also had these symptoms, decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".
Several other cast members left the movie.
Three stuntmen broke their bones.
The Screen Actors Guild decided to begin an investigation.
They concluded that there was nothing unsafe going on on the set.
The movie's budget reached $200 million.
Fox executives were worrying.
They suggested an hour of different scenes to be removed from the three-hour movie.
Cameron did not accept this.
He told Fox that if they want to remove some scenes out that they would need to fire him.
The executives did not want to start over.
This would mean they will loose their entire investment.
The soundtrack of the movie was written, orchestrated and conducted by James Horner.
The soundtrack was released by Sony Classical on November 18, 1997.
When the movie was released, the soundtrack topped the charts in two-dozen countries.
It sold over 30 million copies.
It then became one of the best-selling albums of all time.
It was also the highest-selling orchestral soundtracks ever.
Horner wrote the song "My Heart Will Go On".
He wrote the song in secrecy because Cameron did not want any songs with singing in the movie.
Céline Dion agreed to record a demonstration.
Her husband, René Angélil, asked Dion many times to do it, since she did not want to record it at first.
Horner waited until Cameron was in a happy mood.
After playing it several times, Cameron approved of the song.
However, Cameron feared that he might be criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".
3D and re-release
James Cameron announced that Titanic was being converted to 3D. The 3D version came out on April 6, 2012.
This was the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic.
It took $18 million to produce it.
The 3D conversion was done by Stereo D. Sony Music with Slam Content's Panther Records, re-worked the soundtrack.
The movie grossed $4.7 million on the first day of its re-release in North America.
It went on to make $17.3 million during the weekend.
It then became the third most-watched movie for that week.
The movie earned $35.2 million worldwide.
It then became the second most-watched movie for that week.
The following week saw an increase of the movie's earnings.
It became the number one movie for that week with $98.9 million.
It was more successful in China.
It earned $11.6 million on its opening day in that country.
It then earned a record-breaking $67 million for that week.
The re-release earned a total of $343.4 million worldwide.
In China the total was at $145 million.
In Canada and the United States, it made $57.8 million from those countries.
Titanic at The Numbers
1997 drama movies
1997 romance movies
1990s disaster movies
1990s epic movies
1990s historical movies
1990s American disaster movies
Movies directed by James Cameron
Movies set in the 1910s
Survival movies
Rip Slyme is a Japanese hip hop group formed in 1994.
It has 5 members - 4 MCs and 1 DJ.
Indies albums
Lip's Rhyme (1995)
Talkin' Cheap (1998)
Warner albums
Five (2001)
Tokyo Classic (2002)
Orchestra Plus (2003) - a recorded album completely of orchestra songs & poetry recitals from celebrities
Time To Go (2003)
Masterpiece (2004)
Epoch (2006)
FUNFAIR (2007)
Musical groups from Kanagawa Prefecture
Naming very large numbers is relatively easy.
There are two main ways of naming a number: scientific notation and naming by grouping.
For example, the number 500,000,000,000,000,000,000 can be called 5 x 1020 in scientific notation since there are 20 zeros behind the 5.
If the number is named by grouping, it is five hundred quintillion (American) or 500 trillion (European).
When large numbers have many different decimals in them, such as 642 500 000 000, naming them with scientific notation is about the same, but with one difference.
Still counting the number of numbers after the first number (in this case, after the 6 there are 11 numbers) you need to include the ones that are not zero in the formula, but after a decimal point.
So 642 500 000 000 will be 6.425 x 1011.
When naming by grouping, each group is the name of the group.
With the same number, it would be said to be 642 billion, 500 million (US) or 642 milliard, 500 million (Eur).
Forms of numbering
The American way or "Short form" for naming large numbers is different from the European way or "Long form" of naming large numbers.
This is mainly because of American finance.
Short form numbering is based on thousands and Long form is based on millions.
Because of this, in Short form a billion is one thousand millions (109) while in Long form it is one million millions (1012).
The change in the United Kingdom to Short form numbering happened in 1974.
Today, Short form is most commonly used in most English speaking countries.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top "
Scientificnotation   !!
width=200|American name Trevlionllion
(Short Form)
width="200" |European name unknown
(Long Form)
Old-British name heyshllion
Metric prefix
|One
|DA
| 101 || Ten
|Ten
|da
|Deca-
| 102 || Hundred
|Hundred
|h
|Hecto-
| 103 || Thousand
|Thousand
|K
|Kilo-
| 104 || Ten thousand
|Ten thousand
|my (Now obsolete)
|Myria- (Now obsolete)
| 105 || Hundred thousand
|Hundred thousand
| 106 || Million
|Miljoen
|Million
|M
|Mega-
| 109 || Billion
|Miljard
|Thousand million
|G
|Giga-
| 1012 || Trillion
|Biljoen
|Billion
|Tera-
| 1015 || Quadrillion
|quadriljoen
|Thousand billion
|P
|Peta-
| 1018 || Quintillion
|kwintiljoen
|Trillion
|E
|Exa-
| 1021 || Sextillion
|Sekstiljoen
|Thousand trillion
|Z
|Zetta-
| 1024 || Septillion
|Septiljoen
|Quadrillion
|Y
|Yotta-
| 1027 || Octillion
|Octillion
|Thousand quadrillion
| 1030 || Nonillion
|Nie-miljoen
|Quintillion
| 1033 || Decillion
|Desilljoen
|Thousand quintillion
| 1036 || Undecillion
|Ondecillion
|Sextillion
| 1039 || Duodecillion
|Duodecillion
|Thousand sextillion
| 1042 || Tredecillion
|Tredecillion
|Septillion
| 1045 || Quattuordecillion
|Quattuor-Decillion
|Thousand septillion
| 1048 || Quindecillion
|kwiljoen
| 1051 || Sexdecillion
|Sexdecillion
|Thousand octillion
| 1054 || Septendecillion
|Septen-Decillion
|Nonillion
| 1057 || Octodecillion
|Octodecillion
|Thousand nonillion
| 1060 || Novemdecillion
|Novemdecillion
|Decillion
| 1063 || Vigintillion
|Vigintillion
|Thousand decillion
| 1066 || Unvigintillion
|Undecillion
| 1069 || Duovigintillion
|Undecilliard
|Thousand undecillion
| 1072 || Trevigintillion
| 1075 || Quattuorvigintillion
|Duodecilliard
|Thousand duodecillion
| 1078 || Quinvigintillion
| 1081 || Sexvigintillion
|Tredecilliard
|Thousand tredecillion
| 1084 || Septenvigintillion
|Quattuordecillion
| 1087 || Octovigintillion
|Quattuordecilliard
|Thousand quattuordecillion
| 1090 || Novemvigintillion
|Quindecillion
| 1093 || Trigintillion
|Quindecilliard
|Thousand quindecillion
| 1096 || Untrigintillion
| 1099 || Duotrigintillion
|Sexdecilliard
|Thousand sexdecillion
| 10100 || Googol
|Googol
|10102
|Tretrigintillion
|Septendecillion
|10105
|Quattuortrigintillion
|Septendecilliard
|Thousand septedecillion
|10108
|Quintrigintillion
|10111
|Sextrigintillion
|Octodecilliard
|Thousand octodecillion
|10114
|Septentrigintillion
|10117
|Octotrigintillion
|Novemdecilliard
|Thousand novemdecillion
|10120
|Novemtrigintillion
|10303
|Centillion
|Thousand quinquagintillion
|trevlionllion
There is also the number googol, which is a 1 with 100 zeros behind it (10100), and the number googolplex, which is a 1 with a googol of zeros behind it, (10googol) (1010100).
And also the number googolplexian, 1 with a googolplex number of zeros behind it.
Googolplexianplex, or googolplexianplexian are still theoretical numbers, but they might have some use in real life.
The name centillion was devised in the 19th century for the 100th "illion", being 10303 in short form and 10600 in long form.
Counting Really,REALLY,REALLY High
Acetylene is a hydrocarbon, belonging to the alkyne group.
It is the simplest type of alkyne, as it has only two hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms.
Acetylene is an unsaturated organic compound because its four atoms are triple bonded through a covalent bond.
It was discovered in 1836 by Edmund Davy.
The chemical symbol is C2H2.
80% of all acetylene produced yearly in the United States is used for chemical synthesis.
It is a toxic chemical; breathing the substance causes dizziness, headache and nausea.
Ralf Schumacher (born 30 June 1975) is a retired German Formula one driver.
He was born in Huerth, North Rhine-Westphalia and is the younger brother of Michael Schumacher.
He drove for Jordan, Williams and Toyota.
Complete Formula Nippon results
† Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.
Complete DTM results
Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, autosport or motorsport) is a sport involving racing cars.
Auto racing began in France in 1895 and is now one of the world's most popular spectator sports.
Types of auto racing
Formula One is the top level racing championship worldwide.
Formula One cars have no fenders or quarter panels like regular passenger cars.
At the front and back of each car there is a spoiler, or wing, which uses air to push the car onto the ground and give it more grip to go faster.
Each Formula One race takes place in a different country.
These races are called Grands Prix (French for "grand prize").
Endurance races are a type of race involving heavily modified cars called touring cars and purpose-built race cars called sports prototypes.
Each race team has more than one driver because endurance races last for several hours, so drivers take turns.
The world's most famous endurance race is the 24 Hours of Le Mans in France.
NASCAR is an American organization that runs races on oval tracks with many cars or pickup trucks.
The cars, called stock cars, look like passenger cars, but have plenty of racing upgrades.
Lascelles Abercrombie (January 9, 1881 – October 27, 1938) was a British poet and critic of Literature, and he was a member of a group of famous poets called "Dymock poets".
He was born in Ashton upon Mersey and studied at the University of Manchester.
Before the First World War, he lived for a time at Dymock in Gloucestershire.
In 1922, they gave him the job of Professor of English at the University of Leeds.
In 1929 he moved on to the University of London, and in 1935 to the University of Oxford.
He wrote many poems, that were  put together in a book called 'Poems' (1930).
In the same year he wrote his most important poem, The Sale of Saint Thomas in six Acts.
He was the brother of the architect Patrick Abercrombie, and his son was the scientist Michael Abercrombie.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Lascelles Abercrombie
Elizabeth "Eliza" Acton (17 April 1799 – 13 February 1859) was an English poet and cook.
She was born in Battle, Sussex and raised in Suffolk.
She wrote one the first cookbooks for cooking at home, not for professional cook or chef, Modern Cookery for Private Families.
In this book she started the use of listing the ingredients and suggested cooking times with each recipe, like all the world does now.
Modern Cookery was sold for a long time after her death, until 1914 and can still be found at many libraries.
Her recipes are still very famous.
Biography at foodreference.com
Poems by Eliza Acton
Writers from Sussex
Ralph Fiennes (born 22 December 1962 in Ipswich, Suffolk, England) is an English actor.
He won the Tony Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for his work in Steven Spielberg's movie Schindler's List, and the Genie Award.
His brothers and sisters are Joseph Fiennes, Sophie Fiennes, Martha Fiennes, Magnus Fiennes and Jacob Fiennes.
Actors from Suffolk
People from Ipswich
Vi Kyuin Wellington Koo (Chinese: 顾维钧；Pinyin: Gù Wéijūn; Wade-Giles: Ku Wei-chün) (January 29, 1887–November 14, 1985) was a Chinese diplomat.
He was a representative at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919.
His wife was Chinese-American diplomat Juliana Koo.
Born in Shanghai in 1887, he went to the United States in 1904 and studied Western culture in order to help China with the problem of imperialism.
He spoke perfect fluent English, and came to be interested in China's position in international society.
Biography from Columbia University
Koo, Wellington