the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
After the match, Cena was attacked by ECW wrestler, Sabu, who, in the premiere of ECW on Sci-Fi won a 10-man Extreme Battle Royal, (a multi-competitor match type in which wrestlers are eliminated until only one is left and declared winner) where the winner would face Cena at Vengeance in a match.
Sabu beat up Cena and performed a leg drop on him, diving onto Cena and putting him through the Raw announcers' table.
The following night on an episode of ECW on Sci-Fi, Cena went to the ECW locker room, where he challenged Sabu to an Extreme lumberjack match, which Sabu accepted.
The other featured match was between WWE Champion Rob Van Dam defending the title against Edge.
The story for the match began on the television premiere of ECW on Sci-Fi, when Van Dam was awarded the ECW World Heavyweight Championship by Paul Heyman, making Van Dam a double champion by holding both the ECW and WWE Championship.
Van Dam's celebration was then interrupted by Edge and his girlfriend, Lita.
Edge, who was number one contender for the title, told Van Dam that they both had a lot in common, meaning that they were both Money in the Bank winners and successfully became WWE Champions.
Edge ended his speech by giving Van Dam some kind words and then attacking him.
On the June 19 episode of Raw'', Van Dam attacked Edge, moments after Edge won a match against Ric Flair.
WWE Vengeance
Two pairs of latex, or other sterile gloves (if you are allergic to latex).
Sterile dressings to stop bleeding.
Cleansing agent/soap and antibiotic towelettes to disinfect.
Antibiotic ointment to prevent infection.
Burn ointment to prevent infection.
Adhesive bandages in a variety of sizes.
Eye wash solution to flush the eyes.
Prescription medications you take every day such as insulin, heart medicine and asthma inhalers.
A small vial of super glue, carefully used, can close cuts.
CPR face mask
She was a member of Nili (a ring of spies that worked for the British during World War I).
She is sometimes called "the heroine of Nili".
After seeing thousands of Armenians being killed and tortured while she was traveling from Istanbul to Haifa, anything that reminded her of Armenians would lead her into a fit of hysteria.
She started up Nili with her two brothers and a friend to help the British during World War I.
In September 1917 the Ottomans caught one of her carrier pigeons which they then worked out (decrypted) and found out where she was.
After arresting lots of people, the Ottomans tortured Sarah Aaronsohn for four days before she managed to find a gun to shoot herself with.
In her last written letter she said that she hopes her activities with Nili would help bring the Jews a home country.
www.myjewishlearning.com
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
Asian Jews
He born in Brooklyn, New York City to an Italian family.
He was found guilty of murder after several of the Murder, Inc. bosses were arrested.
He was sentenced to death in 1941 and executed by electric chair in 1942 in Sing Sing, Ossining, New York.
Bite It Like a Bulldog
Beast Loose in Paradise
Bringing Back the Balls to Rock
Supermonstars (The Anthem of the Phantoms)
Pet the Destroyer
Monster Monster
It Snows in Hell
Limited edition bonus-CD
Bringing Back the Balls to Rock (Live)
Get Heavy (Live)
Not the Nicest Guy (Live)
Pet the Destroyer (Live)
Rock the Hell Outta You (Live)
Blood Red Sandman (Live)
The Kids Who Wanna Play with the Dead (Live)
They Only Come Out at Night (Live)
Hard Rock Hallelujah (Live)
Mr. Killjoy
Evilove
Don't Let My Mother Know
Pyromite
To Hell with Pop
Limited edition bonus-DVD
SCG3 Special Report
Live at the Finnish Semi Final:
Live at the Finnish Final: Hard Rock Hallelujah
Hello Athens Documentaries
King of England William III asked Abauzit if he would like to stay in England, but he declined and returned to Geneva, where he took a role as librarian.
He lived in Geneva for the next 40 years until his death at age 87 in 1767.
1679 births
Wyrzysk (former German Wirsitz) is a town in Poland with 5,263 (2004) inhabitants.
It is in Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship.
Commune Wyrzysk has a population of about 14,500 and an area of .
It is on the northern edge of Greater Poland Voivodeship.
On the east border is commune Sądki in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.
The Prussian House of Lords () was the first chamber of the  Parliament of the Kingdom of Prussia between 1850 and 1918.
The second chamber was the Prussian House of Representatives (Preußisches Haus der Abgeordneten, also called the Abgeordnetenhaus).
The House of Lords was created on 31 January 1850.
Its seat was on Leipziger Straße in Berlin at a building rebuilt by the architect Friedrich Schulze in 1904.
A member of the House of Lords was known as a pair, or officially as a member of the Prussian House of Lords (Mitglieder des preußischen Herrenhauses, or MdH).
The House consisted of hereditary peers, life peers appointed by the King of Prussia, peers by virtue of position, representatives of cities and universities, etc.
The majority of members were nobles, although the House also had commoners as members, especially among the representatives of cities and universities.
An anime convention is an event where people who like anime and things that are Japanese come together.
Most conventions take all weekend, and many of the people dress up like characters from anime and video games and go to many different kinds of events during the convention.
People who go to anime conventions do a lot of different things.
Many of them dress up in costumes, play video games, sing in karaoke, and watch various anime that yet to be widely released.
A dealer's room is also often popular, and it usually has many people selling unique items related to anime, Japan, or video games.
A similar room, called the artist's alley, is also often available for local and beginning artists to promote themselves and sell their items as well.
Most conventions bring famous people to the convention who are called guests.
The people who are at the convention can talk to these guests, get autographs, and sometimes take pictures.
AnimeCons.com - Lists anime conventions.
UpcomingCons.com - Lists anime conventions too.
AnimeNewsNetwork.com - News about anime conventions.
Spiekeroog is one of the East Frisian Islands, off the North Sea coast of Germany.
It is between Langeoog to its west and Wangerooge to its east.
The island belongs to the municipality of the district of Wittmund, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
The only village on the island is also called Spiekeroog.
Spiekeroog covers an area of 18.25 km², the shortest distance to the land is 5.7 km.
The island is - with the exception of fire and rescue vehicles - free of cars.
A daily ferry service with the harbour of Neuharlingersiel connects the island with the German mainland.
Abraham, Biblical patriarch
Abram (given name)
Abram, Greater Manchester, a village in North West England
Abram, Bihor, west Romania
Eshtehard () is a city in Tehran Province in Iran.
It is around 100 km from the capital Tehran.
Its population is about 30,000.
Eshtehard is a part of Karaj County.
Eshtehard Official Website
Bebo is a social networking website.
Bebo stands for "Blog early, blog often".
It started in January 2005.
It is mostly used by teenagers.
It is now one of the main social networking sites on the Internet.
Bebo has many features that are available for its users, such as Gmail, Yahoo!
Mail and AOL Mail, and media recommendations with these functions the individual has more choices for searching information on one website.
Also a new platform is available “Lifestream” automatically lets the user see updates from their friends and family, all profiles from Facebook, Myspace, YouTube, Flickr, Twitter are synced together.
Which is a convenient tool to get instant updates, which include being able to share: photos, videos, stories, records, and scheduled appointments.
Bebo.com is available on a mobile device, which the user can log into their account to find out what new material has been posted by their friends and family.
They can receive SMS updates and alerts, update their Bebo profile, add photos to their gallery, send virtual gifts and access exclusive mobile content.
Hurricane Andres was the first named storm and hurricane of the 2009 Pacific hurricane season.
Andres rapidly weakened on the morning of June 24 to a tropical storm.
It again weakened to a tropical depression on the afternoon of June 24.
Then it began to dissipate.
2009 in North America
Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (also called Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaurs or simply known as Ice Age 3) is an American computer animated comedy drama epic movie.
It was released on July 1, 2009.
It is the third movie in the Ice Age series.
The movie was produced by Blue Sky Studios.
It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
The movie was also released on RealD anywhere available.
In the movie, Manny, Diego, Ellie, Crash, and Eddie travel in a underground dinosaurs's world.
They want to save Sid who was taken by a female T-Rex for kidnapping her children.
The group is helped by an eccentric one-eyed weasel named Buck.
This movie is the second sequel to the 2002 movie, Ice Age.
The other Ice Age movies are: Ice Age: The Meltdown (2006), Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012), and Ice Age: Collision Course (2016).
The movie was positively welcomed from audience, cost $90 million to make and it earned $886,686,817 worldwide.
In 2017, the movie was ranked as the 47th highest earnings amount worldwide.
The characters are all prehistoric animals.
The animals can talk to and understand each other.
Ray Romano as Manny, a woolly mammoth
Denis Leary as Diego, a Saber-tooth tiger
John Leguizamo as Sid, a giant ground sloth
Queen Latifah as Ellie, a woolly mammoth
Seann William Scott as Crash, an opossum
Josh Peck as Eddie, an opossum
Simon Pegg as Buck, a one-eyed weasel
Chris Wedge as Scrat
Karen Disher as Scratte
Sarah Sutton (born 12 December 1961 in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England) is an English actress.
She is well known for her role as Nyssa in the BBC television series Doctor Who.
Nyssa was a companion of Tom Baker and Peter Davison's Doctors from 1981 to 1983.
She was the youngest female actor to play a companion in the series.
Since leaving Doctor Who she has done very little acting.
She has made appearances as Sarah Dryden in the BBC's medical drama series Casualty and as Wendy in the serial Unnatural Pursuits.
Earlier roles were Alice Through the Looking Glass (1974) as Alice, The Moon Stallion (1978) as Diana Purwell and The Crucible (1980) as Susannah Walcott.
Chuck Lorre (born Charles Michael Levine on October 18, 1952) is an American television writer, director, producer and composer.
He was born in Bethpage, Long Island, New York.
He has worked on many American sitcoms, including Grace Under Fire, Dharma & Greg, Two and a Half Men, The Big Bang Theory and Mike & Molly.
Selected credits
The Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin, German: Technische Universität Berlin) is located in Berlin, Germany.
It was founded in 1879 and is one of the largest technical universities in Germany.
It has the highest proportion of foreign students out of universities in Germany.
The university alumni and professor list include eight Nobel Prize winners.
Education in Berlin
Leeds Rhinos (used to be Leeds RLFC) are a Rugby League team in Leeds, West Yorkshire.
They play in Super League and last won it in 2015.
The Rugby Union club, Leeds St John's formed in 1870, however in 1895, when many teams broke off to form Rugby League, the club also switched codes.
The club played as Leeds RLFC until 1995, when they changed their name to 'Leeds Rhinos'.
This was done to mark the start of the Super League.
Many other clubs made similar name changes.
Leeds Rhinos have won the Super League in 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015.
Leeds Rhinos play at the Headingley Carnegie Stadium, which has both Rugby and Cricket grounds.
The rugby stadium has a capacity of 22,500.
The stadium is located in the Headingley district of the city and is near both Headingley and Burley Park railway stations.
The club mascot is Ronnie the Rhino, who was introduced when the club changed names.
As well as making appearances at the stadium on match days, Ronnie also travels around schools in Leeds promoting sport and healthy living.
Ronnie has been popular with children who attend games, emphasizing the club's intention to cater for families.
A screwdriver is a tool used to turn (or "drive") screws into something.
It has an axial shaft with a tip of a certain shape that fits into the head of a screw.
On the other end of the screwdriver is a cylindrical handle to be held by a person's hand.
As the handle is rotated, it creates a torque that turns the tip via the screwdriver's shaft.
There are many different sizes and kinds of screwdrivers.
A screwdriver is usually identified by the shape of its tip.
The tip is shaped in a certain way to match the groove cut into the head of a screw.
A screwdriver is, therefore, a mechanism to apply torque to a screw and turn it in tight spaces.
Drive and blade types
Screwdrivers come in a large variety of shapes and sizes to match those of screws.
If a screwdriver that is not the right size and type for the screw is used, it is likely that the screw will be damaged in the process of tightening it.
Many screwdriver designs have a handle that can be used with different tips.
The shaft and the tip can be removed from the handle, and a different one can be attached instead.
The shaft and the tip are together called a bit (as with a drill bit).
This allows a set of one handle and several heads to be used for a variety of screw sizes and types.
Powered screwdriving
Most screwdrivers are operated manually, but there are some that use an electric or other motor to rotate the bit.
They are used to drive screws quickly into various materials.
There are different types of driver bits that let a drill drive different types of screws.
The bit can be removed and swapped with another bit of a different shape.
Many types of drills are able to be used as power screwdrivers.
The best have a control over how much torque force is used, which allows the screws to be tightened to a specific level.
ETH Zurich () or Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich is a science and technology university in Zurich, Switzerland.
Locals sometimes refer to it by the name Poly, derived from the original name Eidgenössisches Polytechnikum or Federal Polytechnic Institute.
ETH is ranked among the top universities in the world.
It is a founding member of the IDEA League and the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU).
Colleges and universities in Switzerland
Peenemünde () is a village in the northeast of the German (Western) part of Usedom island.
It is near the mouth of the Peene river, on the easternmost part of the German Baltic coast.
The town became well known because of the V-2 development by Wernher von Braun.
Hollyfield is a school is Surbiton, London, England.
It is a school that teaches classes about technology.
It has three houses.
Ofsted rate it as 'good'.
Hollyfield PTA site
Ofsted report
Alice in Wonderland is a 1951 American animated movie produced by Walt Disney and based on the 1865 story Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll.
It is the thirteenth Disney animated classic and includes the voices of Kathryn Beaumont (who also voiced Wendy Darling in the 1953 Disney movie Peter Pan) as Alice, and Ed Wynn as the Mad Hatter.
A little girl named Alice is bored from her history lesson given by her sister.
She, along with her kitten, Dinah, sneaks away and dream a world full of nonsense.
However, Alice sees an unusual White Rabbit, who was holding large golden pocket watch and running off in a hurry.
Curious to know where the Rabbit is going, Alice decides to follow him down the rabbit hole, where her adventures in Wonderland begin.
Changing sizes from big to small, meeting bizarre people, like the Mad Hatter, the March Hare, the Cheshire Cat and the Caterpillar, Alice is tired from her adventures in Wonderland and wishes to go home.
Kathryn Beaumont as Alice
Ed Wynn as Mad Hatter
Richard Haydn as Caterpillar
Sterling Holloway as Cheshire Cat
Jerry Colonna as March Hare
Verna Felton as Queen of Hearts
J. Pat O'Malley as Tweedledum and Tweedledee; Walrus; Carpenter; Mother Oyster
Bill Thompson as White Rabbit; The Dodo
Heather Angel as Alice's sister
Joseph Kearns as Doorknob
Larry Grey as Bill the Lizard, Card Painter
Queenie Leonard as A Bird in a Tree, Snooty Flower
Dink Trout as King of Hearts
Doris Lloyd as Rose
Jimmy MacDonald as The Dormouse
The Mellomen (Thurl Ravenscroft, Bill Lee, Max Smith, and Bob Hamlin) as Card Painters
Don Barclay as Other Cards
Pinto Colvig as Flamingos (uncredited)
Norma Zimmer as White Rose (uncredited)
Mel Blanc as Dinah, Wonderland creatures (uncredited)
1951 comedy movies
1950s adventure movies
A cable modem is a modem that can be used to deliver (usually digital) data over Cable television infrastructure.
Most of the time, cable modems are used to get access to the internet using the cable television network.
To do this, cable modems use some channels of the Cable TV network.
A cable modem usually translates the signals it receives from Ethernet or USB into Radio frequency channels.
With Voice over IP (VoIP) technology, most cable modems can now also provide telephone lines.
In terms of network technology, a cable modem is a network bridge.
It operates at layer 2 of the OSI model.
Nobuhiro Ishizaki (born 14 March 1958) is a former Japanese football player.
He has played for Toshiba.
|1980||rowspan="14"|Toshiba||rowspan="9"|JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|1981||||||||||||||||
|1982||||||||||||||||
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 2||22||1||||||||||22||1
|1990/91||9||0||||||2||0||11||0
|1991/92||5||0||||||0||0||5||0
|1992||rowspan="2"|Football League||||||||||||||||
|1993||||||||||||||||
Frank de Boer (born 15 May 1970) is a Dutch football manager and former soccer player.
|1988/89||rowspan="11"|Ajax||rowspan="11"|Eredivisie||27||0
|1989/90||25||0
|1990/91||34||1
|1993/94||34||1
|1994/95||34||8
|1995/96||32||3
|1997/98||31||5
|1998/99||15||3
|1998/99||rowspan="5"|Barcelona||rowspan="5"|La Liga||19||2
|1999/00||21||0
|2002/03||35||0
|2003/04||Galatasaray||Süper Lig||15||1
|2003/04||Rangers||Premier League||15||2
|2004/05||Al-Rayyan||Stars League||16||5
|2005/06||Al-Shamal||Stars League||0||0
|1998||15||1
Total||112||13
Sportspeople from North Holland
Ronald de Boer (born 15 May 1970) is a former Dutch football player.
|1987/88||rowspan="4"|Ajax||rowspan="4"|Eredivisie||1||1
|1988/89||17||5
|1989/90||20||7
|1990/91||14||1
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Twente||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||33||11
|1992/93||16||1
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Ajax||rowspan="7"|Eredivisie||15||5
|1994/95||25||5
|1995/96||30||7
|1996/97||28||5
|1998/99||15||2
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||19||0
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Rangers||rowspan="4"|Premier League||17||6
|2001/02||25||8
|2002/03||33||16
|2003/04||16||2
|1993||4||3
Total||67||13
Ichi the Killer is a Japanese movie by Takashi Miike.
It was based on the manga by Hideo Yamamoto.
Ichi the Killer is a Japanese movie about a man named Kakihara who is part of a Japanese gang.
He enjoys giving and receiving pain.
When his gang boss goes missing, Kakihara is angry because he thinks nobody else will be able to give him as much pain and pleasure as his boss did.
It turns out Kakihara's boss was murdered by a violent killer called Ichi (Japanese for the number one).
300 million yen was stolen by the group that arrived to clean the mess up.
Kakihara has convinced himself that his boss is alive and tortures a member of a rival gang for information.
The man turns out to be innocent and Kakihara is kicked out of his gang.
Kakihara hears about Ichi and becomes excited at the idea of somebody who can inflict more pain on him than his boss ever could.
Kakihara becomes obsessed with finding Ichi.
He finally meets Ichi at the end of the movie.
He is surprised and disgusted that Ichi is not the evil, cold man he imagined.
He is a weak and scared teenager that only kills when he becomes upset about something.
Ichi fails to kill Kakihara and lies on the floor crying.
Kakihara realises Ichi cannot hurt him the way he wanted and tries to commit suicide by sticking pins in his ears.
He loses his hearing and looks up to find Ichi jumping at him.
Ichi knocks him off the edge of the building and Kakihara falls to his death.
When we see Kakihara's body, he is apparently unharmed by Ichi's attacks.
It is suggested that Kakihara imagined the attack as a result of poking his brain with the needles and fell off the building.
Official UK website of Ichi the Killer
Wallisian language is a Polynesian language spoken in Wallis and Futuna.
it is also named Uvea.
It local name is Fakaʻuvea.
Nine thousand peoples speak it in Uvea Island.
Chrome OS is a project by Google to develop a light computer operating system.
It is devoted to using the World Wide Web.
The operating system was announced on July 7, 2009, and it is based on Google's Chrome web browser as it visually similar, and the Linux kernel.
When first released, it was targeted at netbooks but has also been present on desktop computers (known as "Chromeboxes") and All-In-One PCs (known as "Chromebases").
It was released to technology journalists in December 2010 after being delayed.
It runs on systems with either x86 or ARM processors.
Google had stated before release that the Google Chrome OS project will be open source by the end of 2009.
Although it is based on the Linux kernel, it will use "a new windowing system" (a way to display applications on a computer screen).
Official announcement
Google Chrome OS - FAQ
Google Chrome Blog
Chrome OS Could Offend the Open Source Community  PC World (Friday, July 10, 2009)
Skew lines are straight lines that are neither parallel nor intersecting.
Skew lines cannot be in the same plane.
This means they exist only in at least three-dimensional geometry.
The riyal is the official money used in Saudi Arabia.
A shorter name for it is SR ().
The riyal is divided into 100 halala ().
The riyal has been Saudi Arabia's money since Saudi Arabia became a country.
It was the currency of Hejaz before Saudi Arabia was a country.
Pathology is the study and medical diagnosis of disease, especially after death.
A person who does this work is called a pathologist.
Techniques include dissection, microscopic examination of tissues and chemical analysis of fluids.
A pathologist may perform an autopsy, to discover the cause of death.
Cardiology (from Greek , kardiā, "heart"; and , -logia) is a medical field that deals with disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
Physicians in this field are called cardiologists.
Cardiologists are different from cardiac surgeons who do cardiac surgery.
American College of Cardiology
Annual Tree Mallow is a flowering plant.
The genus Lavatera includes annual and perennials.
http://www.malvaceae.info/Genera/Malva/treemallow.php?1
Jennifer Tate et al.
2005; Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data.
92:584-602
Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, (November 29, 1338 — October 7, 1368), born in Antwerp, was the third son of  Edward III.
When he was only a child he was married to Elizabeth de Burgh (d.1363), daughter of William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (d.1332).
The ceremony took place on August 15, 1342, at the Tower of London.
He became properly married to her in 1352, when he was aged 14, and took over all her lands in Ireland.
The famous English poet, Geoffrey Chaucer, was a page to Elizabeth.
He was Edward III's representative in England and in 1355 he was made the Earl of Ulster.
He went to Dublin in 1361 to be the Chief Governor of Ireland.
His father made him Duke of Clarence in 1362, and tried to have him made King of Scotland.
Lionel and the government in Dublin were concerned about how the English settlers in Ireland were slowly become Irish.
He brought in laws, the Statute of Kilkenny, in 1366, which made it against the law:
for English people to marry Irish people
to adopt Irish children
to use Irish names
to wear Irish clothes
to play the game of hurling
to play Irish music.
After the death of Elizabeth, Lionel married Violante, the daughter of Galeazzo Visconti, Lord of Pavia (d.1378), in Milan during June 1368.
While travelling around Italy, Lionel became sick and died at Alba on October 7, 1368.
He was buried at the Clare Priory, Suffolk, England.
His daughter,  Philippa Plantagenet,  married Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (1351-1381), in 1368.
This made Lionel an ancestor of  Edward IV.
1368 deaths
People from Antwerp
Ottmar Hitzfeld (born 12 January 1949) is a former German football player and football manager.
Matsumoto was born in Utsunomiya on November 3, 1941.
After graduating from Waseda University, he joined Toyo Industries in 1964.
The club won league champions in 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1970.
The club also won 1965, 1967 and 1969 Emperor's Cup.
He retired in 1973.
He played 88 games and scored 31 goals in the league.
He was selected Best Eleven in 1966.
In December 1966, Matsumoto was selected the Japan national team for 1966 Asian Games.
At this competition, on December 10, he debuted against India.
In 1968, he was selected Japan for 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
He played 4 matches and Japan won Bronze Medal.
He played 11 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1969.
After retirement, Matsumoto became a manager for Toyo Industries as Kenzo Ohashi successor in 1976.
He also named a manager for Japan U-20 national team.
He managed at 1979 World Youth Championship in Japan.
In April 1999, he signed with J2 League club Kawasaki Frontale.
He led the club to won the champions and promoted to J1 League.
In 2004, he signed with Sagan Tosu and managed in 3 seasons.
In 2009, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.
In 2010, he became a manager for Sagan Tosu again.
In September 2013, when he was 71 years old, he signed with his local club, Tochigi SC.
He became the first manager for the 70s in J.League.
Sedan Ardennes
Clermont Auvergne
Stade Brestois
Istres Ouest Provence
Stade Lavallois Mayenne
Arles-Avignon
Gilberto Carlos Nascimento (born 14 June 1966) is a former Brazilian football player.
|1988||rowspan="2"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="2"|Série A||13||4||||||||||13||4
|1989||18||2||||||||||18||2
|1990||rowspan="3"|Palmeiras||rowspan="3"|Série A||20||6||||||||||20||6
|1991||17||4||||||||||17||4
|1992||16||3||||||||||16||3
|1992||Cruzeiro||Série A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|1993||rowspan="4"|Bellmare Hiratuska||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||17||11||1||0||6||3||24||14
|1994||37||24||5||3||0||0||42||27
|1995||50||25||2||1||colspan="2"|-||52||26
|1996||28||7||3||1||14||1||45||9
|1997||rowspan="2"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="2"|Football League||28||19||3||3||colspan="2"|-||31||22
|1998||4||1||0||0||3||1||7||2
|1998||rowspan="2"|Internacional||rowspan="2"|Série A||20||3||||||||||20||3
|1999||0||0||||||||||0||0
|1999||Guarani||Série A||7||0||||||||||7||0
|2000||São José||Série A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|2000||Gama||Série A||5||1||||||||||5||1
|1992||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|1993||20||3||0||0||7||3||colspan="2"|-||27||6
|1994||15||0||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|1995||Fukuoka Blux||Football League||12||3||1||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||13||5
|1996||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||29||3||3||0||16||5||colspan="2"|-||48||8
|1997||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||19||2||1||0||5||2||colspan="2"|-||25||4
|1998||Yokohama Flügels||J. League 1||32||12||5||2||4||0||colspan="2"|-||41||14
|1999||rowspan="2"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||22||5||2||0||4||2||colspan="2"|-||28||7
|2000||21||0||0||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||26||1
|2001||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||20||5||3||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||25||6
|2002||11||2||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|2004||Oita Trinita||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||5|0|
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The Northern line is a deep-level tube line on the London Underground, coloured black on the Tube map.
It carries more passengers than any other Underground line; 206,734,000 a year.
For most of its length it is a deep-level tube line.
The portion between  and  opened in 1890 and is the oldest section of deep-level tube line on the Underground network.
There were about 252 million passenger journeys recorded in 2011/12 on the Northern line, making it the second-busiest on the Underground. (
It was the busiest from 2003 to 2010.)
It is unique in having two different routes through central London.
Despite its name, it does not serve the northern-most stations on the network, though it does serve the southern-most station, Morden, as well as 16 of the system's 29 stations south of the River Thames.
There are 50 stations in total on the line, of which 36 have platforms below ground.
The line has a complicated history, and the current complex arrangement of two main northern branches, two central branches and the southern route reflects its genesis as three separate railways, combined in the 1920s and 1930s.
An extension in the 1920s used a route originally planned by a fourth company.
Abandoned plans from the 1920s to extend the line further southwards, and then northwards in the 1930s, would have incorporated parts of the routes of two further companies.
From the 1930s to the 1970s, the tracks of a seventh company were also managed as a branch of the Northern line.
An extension from Kennington to Battersea is currently under construction, which may either give the Northern line a second southern branch or may see it split into separate distinct lines with their own identities.
It is coloured black on the current Tube map.
The City and South London Railway (C&SLR) was the first deep-level underground "tube" railway in the world, and the first major railway to use electric traction.
The railway was originally intended for cable-hauled trains, but owing to the bankruptcy of the cable contractor during construction, a system of electric traction using electric locomotives—an experimental technology at the time—was chosen instead.
Given the small dimension of the tunnels as well as the difficulty of providing sufficient ventilation, steam power, as used on London's other underground railways, was not feasible for a deep tube railway.
Like Greathead's earlier Tower Subway, the CL&SS was intended to be operated by cable haulage with a static engine pulling the cable through the tunnels at a steady speed.
Section 5 of the 1884 Act specified that:
The Patent Cable Tramway Corporation owned the rights to the Hallidie cable-car system first invented and used in San Francisco in 1873; trains were attached to the cable with clamps, which would be opened and closed at stations, allowing the carriages to disconnect and reconnect without needing to stop the cable or to interfere with other trains sharing the cable.
There were to be two independent endless cables, one between City station and Elephant and Castle moving at 10 mph, and the other between Elephant and Castle and Stockwell, where the gradient was less, at 12 mph.
However, the additional length of tunnel permitted by the supplementary acts challenged the practicality of the cable system.
It is reported that this problem with the CL&SS contributed to the bankruptcy of the cable company in 1888.
However, electric motor traction had been considered all along, and much engineering progress had been made since the tunnel's construction had begun in 1886.
So, CL&SS chairman Charles Grey Mott decided to switch to electric traction.
Other cable-operated systems using the Hallidie patents continued to be designed, such as the Glasgow Subway which opened in 1896.
The solution adopted was electrical power, provided via a third rail beneath the train, but offset to the west of centre for clearance reasons.
Although the use of electricity to power trains had been experimented with during the previous decade, and small-scale operations had been implemented, the C&SLR was the first major railway in the world to adopt it as a means of motive power.
The system operated using electric locomotives built by Mather & Platt collecting a voltage of 500 volts (actually +500 volts in the northbound tunnel and −500 volts in the southbound) from the third rail and pulling several carriages.
Owing to the limited capacity of the generators, the stations were originally illuminated by gas.
The depot was on the surface, and trains requiring maintenance were initially hauled up via a ramp although, following a runaway accident, a lift was soon installed.
In practice, most rolling stock and locomotives went to the surface only for major maintenance.
To avoid the need to purchase agreements for running under surface buildings, the tunnels were bored below roadways, where construction could be carried out without charge.
At the northern end of the railway, the need to pass deep beneath the bed of the River Thames and the medieval street pattern of the City of London constrained the arrangement of the tunnels on the approach to King William Street station.
Because of the proximity of the station to the river, steeply inclined tunnels were required to the west of the station.
Because of the narrow street under which they ran, they were bored one above the other rather than side by side as elsewhere.
The outbound tunnel was the lower and steeper of the two.
The tunnels converged immediately before the station, which was in one large tunnel and comprised a single track with a platform on each side.
The other terminus at Stockwell was also constructed in a single tunnel but with tracks on each side of a central platform.
When opened in 1890, the line had six stations and ran for  in a pair of tunnels between the City of London and Stockwell, passing under the River Thames:
The Oval (now Oval)
Elephant & Castle
King William Street
The original service was operated by trains composed of an engine and three carriages.
Thirty-two passengers could be accommodated in each carriage, which had longitudinal bench seating and sliding doors at the ends, leading onto a platform for boarding and alighting.
It was reasoned that there was nothing to look at in the tunnels, so the only windows were in a narrow band high up in the carriage sides.
Gate-men rode on the carriage platforms to operate the lattice gates and announce the station names to the passengers.
Because of their claustrophobic interiors, the carriages soon became known as padded cells.
These trains were however, preserved in London Transport Museum as the first static exhibit to the metro train.
The diameter of the tunnels restricted the size of the trains, and the small carriages with their high-backed seating were nicknamed padded cells.
The railway was extended several times north and south, eventually serving 22 stations over a distance of  from Camden Town in north London to Morden in Surrey.
Although the C&SLR was well used, low ticket prices and the construction cost of the extensions placed a strain on the company's finances.
In 1913, the C&SLR became part of the Underground Group of railways and, in the 1920s, it underwent major reconstruction works before its merger with another of the Group's railways, the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway, forming a single London Underground line called the Morden-Edgware line.
In 1933, the C&SLR and the rest of the Underground Group was taken into public ownership.
Today, its tunnels and stations form the Bank Branch of the Northern line from Camden Town to Kennington and the southern leg of the line from Kennington to Morden.
The CCE&HR (commonly known as the "Hampstead Tube") was opened in 1907 and ran from Charing Cross (known for many years as Strand) via Euston and Camden Town (where there was a junction) to Golders Green and Highgate (now known as Archway).
It was extended south by one stop to Embankment in 1914 to form an interchange with the Bakerloo and District lines.
In 1913 the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL), owner of the CCE&HR, took over the C&SLR, although they remained separate companies.
During the early 1920s, a series of works was carried out to connect the C&SLR and CCE&HR tunnels to enable an integrated service to be operated.
The first of these new tunnels, between the C&SLR's Euston station and the CCE&HR's station at Camden Town, had originally been planned in 1912 but had been delayed by World War I. The second connection linked the CCE&HR's Embankment and C&SLR's Kennington stations and provided a new intermediate station at Waterloo to connect to the main line station there and the Bakerloo line.
The smaller-diameter tunnels of the C&SLR were expanded to match the standard diameter of the CCE&HR and the other deep tube lines.
The Edgware extension used plans dating back to 1901 for the Edgware and Hampstead Railway (E&HR) which the UERL had taken over in 1912.
It extended the CCE&HR line from its terminus at Golders Green to Edgware in two stages: to Hendon Central in 1923 and to Edgware in 1924.
The line crossed open countryside and ran on the surface, apart from a short tunnel north of Hendon Central.
Five new stations were built to pavilion-style designs by Stanley Heaps, head of the Underground's Architects Office, stimulating the rapid northward expansion of suburban developments in the following years.
The engineering of the Morden extension of the C&SLR from Clapham Common to Morden was more demanding, running in tunnels to a point just north of Morden station, which was constructed in a cutting.
The line then runs under the wide station forecourt and public road outside the station, to the depot.
The extension was initially planned to continue to Sutton over part of the route for the unbuilt Wimbledon and Sutton Railway, in which the UERL held a stake, but agreements were made with the Southern Railway to end the extension at Morden.
The Southern Railway later built the surface line from Wimbledon to Sutton, via South Merton and St. Helier.
The tube extension opened in 1926, with seven new stations, all designed by Charles Holden in a modern style.
Originally, Stanley Heaps was to design the stations, but after seeing these designs Frank Pick, Assistant Joint Manager of the UERL, decided Holden should take over the project.
With the exception of Morden and Clapham South, where more land was available, the new stations were built on confined corner sites at main road junctions in areas that had been already developed.
The street-level structures are of white Portland stone with tall double-height ticket halls, with the famous London Underground roundel made up in coloured glass panels in large glazed screens.
The stone columns framing the glass screens are surmounted by a capital formed as a three-dimensional version of the roundel.
The large expanses of glass above the entrances ensure that the ticket halls are bright and, lit from within at night, welcoming.
The first and last new stations on the extension, Clapham South and Morden, include a parade of shops and were designed with structures capable of being built above (like many of the earlier central London stations).
Clapham South was extended upwards soon after its construction with a block of apartments; Morden was extended upwards in the 1960s with a block of offices.
All the stations on the extension, except Morden itself, are Grade II listed buildings.
The resulting line became known as the Morden–Edgware line, although a number of alternative names were also mooted in the fashion of the contraction of Baker Street & Waterloo Railway to "Bakerloo", such as "Edgmor", "Mordenware", "Medgway" and "Edgmorden".
With Egyptology very much in fashion after the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, there was also a proposal to call the line the Tootancamden Line as it passed through both Tooting and Camden.
It was eventually named the Northern line from 28 August 1937, reflecting the planned addition of the Northern Heights lines.
After the UERL and the Metropolitan Railway (MR) were brought under public control in the form of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) in 1933, the MR's subsidiary, the Great Northern & City Railway, which ran from Moorgate to Finsbury Park, became part of the Underground as the Northern City Line.
In preparation for the Northern Heights Plan, it was operated as part of the Northern line, although it was never connected to it.
The Northern Heights
In June 1935, the LPTB announced the New Works Programme, an ambitious plan to expand the Underground network which included the integration of a complex of existing London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) lines north of Highgate through the Northern Heights.
These lines, built in the 1860s and 1870s by the Edgware, Highgate and London Railway (EH&LR) and its successors, ran from Finsbury Park to Edgware via Highgate, with branches to Alexandra Palace and High Barnet.
The line taken over would be extended beyond Edgware to Brockley Hill, Elstree South and Bushey Heath with a new depot at Aldenham.
The extension's route was that planned for the unbuilt Watford and Edgware Railway (W&ER), using rights obtained from the earlier purchase of the W&ER (which had long intended an extension of the EH&LR Edgware route towards Watford).
This also provided the potential for further extension in the future; Bushey's town planners reserved space in Bushey village for a future station and Bushey Heath station's design was revised several times to ensure this option would remain available in the future.
The peak-hour service pattern was to be 21 trains an hour each way on the High Barnet branch north of Camden Town, 14 of them via the Charing Cross branch and seven via the Bank branch.
14 would have continued on beyond Finchley Central, seven each on the High Barnet and Edgware branches.
An additional seven trains an hour would have served the High Barnet branch, but continued via Highgate High-Level and Finsbury Park to Moorgate, a slightly shorter route to the City.
It does not seem to have been intended to run through trains to the ex-Northern City branch from Edgware via Finchley Central.
Seven trains an hour would have served the Alexandra Palace branch, to/from Moorgate via Highgate High-Level.
In addition to the 14 through trains described, the ex-Northern City branch would have had 14 four-car shuttle trains an hour.
Work began in the late 1930s, and was in progress on all fronts by the outbreak of World War II.
The tunnelling northwards from the original Highgate station (now Archway) had been completed, and the service to the rebuilt surface station at East Finchley started on 3 July 1939, but without the opening of the intermediate (new) Highgate Station, at the site of the LNER's station of the same name.
Further progress was disrupted by the start of the war, though enough had been made to complete the electrification of the High Barnet branch onwards from East Finchley over which tube services started on 14 April 1940; the new (deep-level) Highgate station opened on 19 January 1941.
The single track LNER line to Edgware was electrified as far as Mill Hill East, including the Dollis Brook Viaduct, opening as a tube service on 18 May 1941 to serve the barracks there, thus forming the Northern line as it is today.
The new depot at Aldenham had already been built and was used to build Halifax bombers.
Work on the other elements of the plan was suspended late in 1939.
Preparatory work including viaducts and a tunnel had been started but not completed on the Bushey extension pre-war.
After the war, the area beyond Edgware was made part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, largely preventing the anticipated residential development in the area, and the potential demand for services from Bushey Heath thus vanished.
Available funds were directed towards completing the eastern extension of the Central line instead, and the Northern Heights plan was dropped on 9 February 1954.
Aldenham depot was converted into an overhaul facility for buses.
The implemented service from High Barnet branch gave good access both to the West End and the City.
This appears to have undermined traffic on the Alexandra Palace branch, still run with steam haulage to Kings Cross via Finsbury Park, as Highgate (low-level) was but a short bus ride away and car traffic was much lighter than it would become later.
Consequently, the line from Finsbury Park to Muswell Hill and Alexandra Palace via the surface platforms at Highgate was closed altogether to passenger traffic in 1954.
This contrasts with the decision to electrify the Epping-Ongar branch of the Central line, another remnant of the New Works programme, run as a tube-train shuttle from 1957.
A local pressure group, the Muswell Hill Metro Group, campaigns to reopen this route as a light-rail service.
So far there is no sign of movement on this issue: the route, now the Parkland Walk, is highly valued by walkers and cyclists, and suggestions in the 1990s that it could, in part, become a road were met with fierce opposition.
Another pressure group has proposed using the track bed further north, as part of the North and West London Light Railway.
The connection between Drayton Park and the surface platforms at Finsbury Park was opened in 1976, when the Northern City Line became part of British Rail.
In 1975, the Northern City Line, known by that time as the Highbury branch, was transferred from London Underground to British Rail; it is now served by Great Northern.
In the past, before the introduction of the 1995 stock, the Northern line was sometimes nicknamed the "Misery Line" in the press because of its perceived unreliability.
In 2003, a train derailed at Camden Town.
Although no one was hurt, points, signals and carriages were damaged, and the junctions there were not used while repairs were under way: trains coming from Edgware worked the Bank branch only, and trains from High Barnet and Mill Hill East worked the Charing Cross branch only.
This situation was resolved when the junctions reopened, after much repair work and safety analysis and testing by contractor, on 7 March 2004.
On 7 July 2005 a defective train on the Northern line (causing its subsequent suspension) saved a Northern line train from being blown up as part of a terrorist attack on the London Underground and bus systems.
Three trains on the Circle and Piccadilly lines were blown up.
The Northern line bomber-to-be instead boarded a bus, which he later blew up.
On 13 October 2005 the Northern line service was suspended due to maintenance problems with the emergency braking system on the entire train fleet.
A series of rail replacement buses was used to connect outlying stations with other Underground lines.
Full service was restored on 18 October.
From June 2006, the service between East Finchley and Camden Town was suspended for two non-consecutive weekends every month, with service on the Edgware branch suspended for the other two weeks.
This was part of Tube Lines's redevelopment of some Edgware and High Barnet Branch stations, including replacement of track, signals, as well as station maintenance.
This included refurbishment of all High Barnet branch stations from West Finchley to Camden Town.
In October 2006, off-peak service between Mill Hill East and Finchley Central was cut back to a shuttle, except for a few weekend through trains.
On 13 August 2010, a defective rail maintenance train caused disruption on the Charing Cross branch, after it travelled four miles in 13 minutes without a driver.
The train was being towed to the depot after becoming faulty.
At Archway station, the defective train became detached and ran driverless until coming to a stop at an incline near Warren Street station.
This caused morning rush-hour services to be suspended on this branch.
All passenger trains were diverted via the Bank branch, with several not stopping at stations until they were safely on the Bank branch.
The Northern line was originally scheduled to switch to automatic train operation in 2012, using the same SelTrac S40 system as used since 2009 on the Jubilee line and for a number of years on the Docklands Light Railway.