the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
March 20 – Taha Yassin Ramadan, former Vice President of Iraq (b. 1937)
March 25 – Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (b. 1951)
March 27 – Paul Lauterbur, American chemist (b. 1929)
March 29 – Tosiwo Nakayama, 1st President of the Federated States of Micronesia (b. 1931)
March 31 – Paul Watzlawick, American psychologist (b. 1921)
April 4 – Bob Clark, American movie director (b. 1939)
April 5 – Mark St. John, American guitarist (b. 1956)
April 6 – Luigi Comencini, Italian movie director (b. 1916)
April 11 – Kurt Vonnegut, American writer (b. 1922)
April 16 – Jocelyne Couture-Nowak, Canadian instructor of French (b. 1957)
April 16 – Kevin Granata, American associate professor of engineering (b. 1961)
April 16 – Liviu Librescu, Romanian-born engineering professor (b. 1930)
April 16 – Seung-Hui Cho, Korean-born American perpetrator of the Virginia Tech massacre (b. 1984)
April 17 – Kitty Carlisle Hart, American actress and singer (b. 1910)
April 18 – Iccho Itoh, Japanese politician (b. 1945)
April 19 – Jean-Pierre Cassel, French actor (b. 1932)
April 23 – Boris Yeltsin, former President of Russia (b. 1931)
April 23 – David Halberstam, American writer and journalist (b. 1934)
April 24 – Bobby "Boris" Pickett, American singer (b. 1938)
April 25 – Alan Ball, English footballer (b. 1945)
April 26 – Jack Valenti, American movie executive (b. 1921)
April 27 – Mstislav Rostropovich, Russian musician (b. 1927)
April 28 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsaecker, German philosopher (b. 1912)
April 29 – Ivica Racan, 7th Prime Minister of Croatia (b. 1944)
April 30 – Gregory Lemarchal, French singer (b. 1983)
May 3 – Wally Schirra, American astronaut (b. 1923)
May 5 – Theodore Maiman, American physicist (b. 1927)
May 6 – Bernard Weatherill, British politician (b. 1920)
May 11 – Malietoa Tanumafili II, Sovereign Ruler of Samoa (b. 1913)
May 14 – Uli Jogi, Estonian anti-Communist (b. 1930)
May 15 – Yolanda King, American activist (b. 1955)
May 15 – Jerry Falwell, American televangelist (b. 1933)
May 17 – Lloyd Alexander, American writer (b. 1924)
May 18 – Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, French physicist (b. 1932)
May 22 – Pemba Doma Sherpa, Nepali mountaineer (b. 1971)
May 25 – Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (b. 1950)
May 27 – Zard, Japanese singer (b. 1967)
May 27 – Ed Yost, American inventor (b. 1919)
May 27 – Gretchen Wyler, American actress (b. 1932)
May 30 – Jean-Claude Brialy, French actor and director (b. 1933)
June 2 – Huang Ju, Chinese politician (b. 1938)
June 4 – Craig L. Thomas, American politician (b. 1933)
June 5 – Povel Ramel, Swedish entertainer (b. 1922)
June 8 – Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, first President of Somalia (b. 1908)
June 10 – Laurence Mancuso, American religious leader (b. 1934)
June 13 – Nestor Rossi, Argentine footballer (b. 1925)
June 13 – Walid Eido, Lebanese politician (b. 1942)
June 14 – Ruth Graham, American poet, wife of Billy Graham (b. 1920)
June 14 – Robin Olds, American fighter pilot (b. 1922)
June 14 – Kurt Waldheim, 9th President of Austria, 4th Secretary-General of the United Nations (b. 1918)
June 15 – Sherri Martel, American professional wrestler (b. 1958)
June 17 - Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan, early Pakistani social activist and woman leader (born 1913).
June 18 – Bernard Manning, English comedian (b. 1930)
June 21 – Georg Danzer, Austrian musician (b. 1946)
June 24 – Natasja Saad, Danish rapper (b. 1974)
June 24 – Chris Benoit, Canadian wrestler (b. 1967)
June 26 – Jupp Derwall, German footballer and coach (b. 1927)
June 26 – Liz Claiborne, Belgian-born fashion designer (b. 1929)
June 28 – Kiichi Miyazawa, former Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1919)
July 2 – Beverly Sills, American opera singer (b. 1929)
July 4 – Baris Akarsu, Turkish musician (b. 1979)
July 5 – George Melly, British musician (b. 1926)
July 8 – Chandra Shekhar, 8th Prime Minister of India (b. 1927)
July 9 – Charles Lane, American actor (b. 1905)
July 11 – Lady Bird Johnson, former First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
July 11 – Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, 32nd President of Colombia (b. 1913)
July 12 – Kesha Wizzart, British singer (b. 1988)
July 17 – Julio Redecker, Brazilian politician (b. 1956)
July 18 – Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese Communist politician (b. 1908)
July 20 – Kai Siegbahn, Swedish physicist (b. 1918)
July 20 – Tammy Faye Messner, American televangelist (b. 1942)
July 22 – Andre Milongo, former Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (b. 1935)
July 22 – Ulrich Muehe, German actor (b. 1953)
July 22 – Laszlo Kovacs, Hungarian cinematographer (b. 1933)
July 23 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, last King of Afghanistan (b. 1914)
July 23 – Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist (b. 1918)
July 23 – Tom Davis, former Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (b. 1917)
July 25 – Bernd Jakubowski, East German footballer (b. 1952)
July 27 – Abdullah Kurshumi, former Prime Minister of Yemen (b. 1932)
July 29 – Mike Reid, British actor (b. 1940)
July 29 – Tom Snyder, American television personality (b. 1936)
July 30 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian movie director (b. 1912)
July 30 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish movie director (b. 1918)
July 30 – Bill Walsh, American football coach (b. 1931)
August 1 – Ryan Cox, South African cyclist (b. 1979)
August 2 – Franco Dalla Valle, Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1945)
August 4 – Lee Hazlewood, American singer (b. 1929)
August 5 – Jean-Marie Lustiger, French Roman Catholic Archbishop and cardinal (b. 1926)
August 5 – Oliver Hill, American lawyer (b. 1907)
August 6 – Heinz Barth, German Nazi war criminal (b. 1920)
August 12 – Merv Griffin, American television personality (b. 1925)
August 12 – Mike Wieringo, American comic book artist (b. 1963)
August 13 – Yone Minagawa, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1893)
August 16 – Max Roach, American jazz drummer (b. 1924)
August 17 – Eddie Griffin, American basketball player (b. 1982)
August 24 – Abdul Rahman Arif, 3rd President of Iraq (b. 1916)
August 25 – Raymond Barre, former Prime Minister of France (b. 1924)
August 26 – Gaston Thorn, former Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1928)
August 28 – Miyoshi Umeki, Japanese actress (b. 1929)
August 28 – Antonio Puerta, Spanish footballer (b. 1984)
August 29 – Pierre Messmer, former Prime Minister of France (b. 1916)
August 29 – Chaswe Nsofwa, Zambian footballer (b. 1978)
August 30 – Michael Jackson, British writer and journalist (b. 1942)
August 31 – Willie Cunningham, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1930)
September 3 – Steve Fossett, American adventurer (b. 1944)
September 5 – D. James Kennedy, American televangelist (b. 1930)
September 6 – Madeleine L'Engle, American writer (b. 1918)
September 6 – Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor (b. 1935)
September 7 – John Compton, former Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (b. 1925)
September 7 – Joseph W. Eschbach, American doctor and kidney specialist (b. 1933)
September 10 – Anita Roddick, British businesswoman (b. 1942)
September 10 – Jane Wyman, American actress (b. 1917)
September 11 – Ian Porterfield, British footballer (b. 1946)
September 15 – Colin McRae, Scottish racecar driver (b. 1968)
September 16 – Robert Jordan, American novelist (b. 1948)
September 21 – Hallgeir Brenden, Norwegian cross-country skier (b. 1929)
September 21 – Peter Stambolic, Serbian politician (b. 1912)
September 21 – Coral Watts, American serial killer (b. 1953)
September 22 – Marcel Marceau, French actor and mime (b. 1923)
September 29 – Lois Maxwell, Canadian actress (b. 1927)
September 29 – Gyula Zsivotzky, Hungarian athlete (b. 1937)
September 30 – Milan Jelic, Bosnian Serb politician (b. 1956)
September 30 – Oswald Mathias Ungers, German architect (b. 1926)
October 1 – Al Oerter, American athlete (b. 1936)
October 2 – Tex Coulter, American football player (b. 1924)
October 2 – Elfi von Dassanowsky, Austrian singer and musician (b. 1924)
October 2 – Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark (b. 1913)
October 5 – Walter Kempowski, German writer (b. 1929)
October 5 – Justin Tuveri, Italian-French World War I veteran (b. 1897)
October 7 – Norifumi Abe, Japanese motorcycle racer (b. 1975)
October 7 – Stephane Maurice Bongo-Nouarra, former Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (b. 1937)
October 11 – Werner von Trapp, Austrian musician and singer (b. 1915)
October 12 – Kisho Kurokawa, Japanese architect (b. 1934)
October 12 – Noe Win, Burmese politician (b. 1948)
October 13 – Bob Denard, French mercenary (b. 1929)
October 14 – Big Moe, American rapper (b. 1974)
October 15 – Bernard Scudder, British poet and translator of the Icelandic language (b. 1954)
October 16 – Tose Proeski, Macedonian singer (b. 1981)
October 16 – Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress and singer (b. 1921)
October 18 – Lucky Dube, South African musician (b. 1964)
October 22 – Eve Curie, French writer (b. 1905)
October 24 – Petr Eben, Czech composer (b. 1929)
October 25 – Puntsagiin Jasrai, former Prime Minister of Mongolia (b. 1933)
October 26 – Arthur Kornberg, American winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1928)
October 28 – Evelyn Hamann, German actress (b. 1942)
October 28 – Porter Wagoner, American country music singer (b. 1927)
October 29 – La Sa Ra, Indian writer (b. 1916)
October 30 – Robert Goulet, American singer and actor (b. 1933)
November 1 – Paul Tibbets, American pilot (b. 1929)
November 2 – The Fabulous Moolah, American professional wrestler (b. 1923)
November 5 – Nils Liedholm, Swedish footballer (b. 1922)
November 6 – Hank Thompson, American country musician and entertainer (b. 1925)
November 6 – Enzo Biagi, Italian journalist (b. 1920)
November 8 – Chad Varah, British Anglican priest and founder of the Samaritans helpline (b. 1911)
November 9 – Luis Herrera Campins, former President of Venezuela (b. 1925)
November 10 – Norman Mailer, American writer (b. 1923)
November 10 – Laraine Day, American actress (b. 1920)
November 12 – Janlavyn Narantsralt, former Prime Minister of Mongolia (b. 1957)
November 12 – Ira Levin, American writer (b. 1929)
November 17 – Ambroise Noumazalaye, former Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (b. 1933)
November 19 – Kevin DuBrow, American rock singer (b. 1955)
November 20 – Ian Smith, Rhodesian political leader (b. 1919)
November 23 – Oscar Carmelo Sanchez, Bolivian footballer (b. 1971)
November 24 – William O'Neill, American politician, former Governor of Connecticut (b. 1930)
November 27 – Sean Taylor, American football player (b. 1983)
November 28 – Elly Beinhorn, German pilot and writer (b. 1907)
November 28 – Gudrun Wagner, German festival organiser (b. 1944)
November 30 – Francois-Xavier Ortoli, French politician (b. 1925)
November 30 – Evel Knievel, American stuntman (b. 1938)
December 1 – Ken McGregor, Australian tennis player (b. 1929)
December 4 – Pimp C, American rapper (b. 1973)
December 5 – Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer (b. 1928)
December 6 – Katy French, Irish model (b. 1983)
December 12 – Ike Turner, American musician (b. 1931)
December 16 – Dan Fogelberg, American musician (b. 1951)
December 19 – Inti Chauveau, French professor (b. 1925)
December 20 – Kazumi Tanaka, Japanese voice actor (b. 1951)
December 22 – Chrysostomos I, Archbishop of Cyprus (b. 1927)
December 23 – Oscar Peterson, Canadian jazz pianist (b. 1925)
December 27 – Benazir Bhutto, Pakistani opposition leader and former Prime Minister of Pakistan (b. 1953)
December 27 – Jan Kawalerowicz, Polish movie director (b. 1922)
December 27 – Jaan Kross, Estonian writer (b. 1920)
December 28 – Aidin Nikkah Bahrami, Iranian basketball player (b. 1982)
December 29 – Phil O'Donnell, Scottish footballer (b. 1972)
December 31 – Muhammad Osman Said, former Prime Minister of Libya (b. 1922)
December 31 – Ettore Sottsass, Italian architect and designer (b. 1917)
Chemistry – Gerhard Ertl
Economics – Leonid Hurwicz
Economics – Eric S. Maskin
Economics – Roger B. Myerson
Literature – Doris Lessing
Medicine – Mario R. Capecchi
Medicine – Sir Martin J. Evans
Medicine – Oliver Smithies
Peace – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Peace – Al Gore
Physics – Albert Fert
Physics – Peter Grünberg
1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was .
A wave of counter revolutions ended the Eastern Bloc and the Cold War during the year.
January 7 – Akihito becomes Emperor of Japan following the death of Hirohito.
The Heisei period begins.
January 8 – the Kegworth Air Disaster – A British Midland Boeing 737 crashes on approach to East Midlands Airport – 44 dead
January 10 – Cuban troops begin withdrawing from Angola
January 10 – Assistant Australian Federal Police commissioner Colin Winchester is shot dead in the driveway of his Canberra home.
January 17 – A gunman kills 5 children, wounds 30 and then shoots himself in Stockton, California.
January 20 – George Herbert Walker Bush succeeds Ronald Wilson Reagan as President of the United States of America
January 24 – Serial killer Ted Bundy is executed in Florida's electric chair
January 30 – American Olympic medalist Bruce Kimball is sentenced to 17 years in prison for killing two teenagers in a drunk driving accident.
February 3 – Paraguayan leader Alfredo Stroessner is removed from office.
February 14 – Iran issues a fatwa (death warrant) against the writer Salman Rushdie for his novel, The Satanic Verses.
March 24 – The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurs at Prince William Sound in southern Alaska.
Until 2010 it is the worst oil spill in United States history.
May - Tornadoes hit Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia.
June 4 – Protests at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, are brutally crushed.
An image of a lone protestor defying a tank is shown worldwide.
August – First sighting of the Aurora, a supposed hypersonic aircraft
September - Hurricane Hugo strikes the Leeward Islands, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, South Carolina and North Carolina.
The hurricane causes $8 billion in damage in the United States, about $10 billion in total.
Many people die from this hurricane.
October 17 – A major earthquake strikes San Francisco, California.
October 18 – East Germany's leader Erich Honecker resigns.
November 2 – Bad Religion releases No Control, which is considered one of the band's best known works in the history of punk music, along with its predecessor Suffer, which came out in the previous year.
November 17 – The Berlin Wall in Germany starts to come down.
December 22 – The main crossing from East into West Berlin is officially reopened.
December 22 – In Romania, Communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu is removed from office.
December 25 – Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena are executed by a firing squad.
January 9 - Nina Dobrev, Canadian actress
January 23 – April Pearson, British actress
February 3 – Vania King, American tennis player
February 9 – Shunta Takahashi, Japanese footballer
February 18 – Zhang Li Yin, Chinese singer
February 21 – Corbin Bleu, American actor
March 12 – Holger Badstuber, German footballer
March 13 – Marko Marin, German footballer
March 14 – Ryohei Yamazaki, Japanese footballer
March 16 – Theo Walcott, English footballer
March 19 - James Richman, Latvian-born investor
March 20 – Keisuke Endo, Japanese footballer
March 28 – David Goodwillie, Scottish footballer
April 8 – Koki Otani, Japanese footballer
April 23 – Nicole Vaidisova, German tennis player
May 5 – Chris Brown, American singer
May 11 – Giovani dos Santos, Mexican footballer
May 17 – Tessa Virtue, Canadian ice dancer
June 2 – Freddy Adu, American footballer
June 10 - Alexandra Stan, Romanian singer and songwriter
June 11 – Shia LaBeouf, American actor
July 16 - Gareth Bale, Welsh footballer
June 28 - Markiplier, American YouTube personality
July 23 – Daniel Radcliffe, British actor
August 15 – Joe Jonas, American singer and actor
August 21 – Hayden Panettiere, American actress
August 30 - Bebe Rexha, American singer and songwriter
September 1 – Bill & Tom Kaulitz, German singers
September 10 – Sanjaya Malakar, American singer
September 13 – Thomas Mueller, German footballer
September 21 – Jason Derulo, American singer
September 21 - Emma Watkins, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
September 23 – Brandon Jennings, American basketball player
October 4 – Kimmie Meissner, American ice skater
October 13 – Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, American politician and activist
October 24 - Pewdiepie, Swedish YouTube personality
October 30 – Seth Adkins, American actor
October 30 – Nastia Liukin, American gymnast
November 11 - Patrick Starrr, American YouTube personality
December 13 – Taylor Swift, American singer who has an album titled 1989
December 22 – Jordin Sparks, American singer
December 28 – Mackenzie Rosman, American actress
January 7 – Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (b. 1901)
January 23 – Salvador Dalí, Spanish painter (b. 1904)
January 24 – Ted Bundy, American serial killer (b. 1946)
February 6 – Chris Gueffroy, last person to be shot at the Berlin Wall (b. 1968)
February 14 – Albert Hawke, Australian politician (b. 1900)
February 17 – Lefty Gomez, American baseball player (b. 1908)
February 26 – Roy Eldridge, American jazz musician (b. 1911)
February 27 – Konrad Lorenz, German scientist (b. 1903)
April 12 – Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (b. 1921)
April 26 – Lucille Ball, American actress (b. 1911)
April 30 – Sergio Leone, movie director (b. 1929)
June 3 – Ayatollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (b. 1900)
July 2 – Andrei Gromyko, Soviet politician (b. 1909)
July 10 – Mel Blanc, American actor (b. 1908)
July 11 – Laurence Olivier, British actor (b. 1907)
July 16 – Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor (b. 1908)
September 4 – Georges Simenon, Belgian writer (b. 1903)
September 8 – Barry Sadler, American musician (b. 1940)
September 22 – Irving Berlin, Russian-born composer (b. 1888)
September 28 – Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (b. 1917)
October 4 – Graham Chapman, English comedian (b. 1941)
October 6 – Bette Davis, American actress (b. 1908)
November 5 – Vladimir Horowitz, Russian-born pianist (b. 1903)
December 14 – Andrei Sakharov, Soviet physicist and activist (b. 1921)
December 22 – Samuel Beckett, Irish playwright (b. 1906)
December 25 – Nicolae Ceausescu, dictator of Romania (b. 1918)
Nobel Prize in Physics won by Norman F. Ramsey, and shared by Hans G. Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul
Nobel Prize in Chemistry shared by Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shared by J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus
Nobel Prize in Literature won by Camilo José Cela, Spanish novelist
Nobel Peace Prize won by Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences won by Trygve Haavelmo
Born on the Fourth of July, nominated for eight Academy Awards
Dead Poets Society, winner of the BAFTA Award for Best Film
Driving Miss Daisy, nominated for nine Academy Awards
Honey, I Shrunk The KidsIndiana Jones and the Last Crusade, the highest-grossing movie of 1989
Kickboxer Kiki's Delivery Service, an animated movie
Lethal Weapon II Tango & Cash The Little Mermaid, made by Walt Disney Pictures
Lock Up Look Who's Talking Next of Kin National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation Road House Roger & Me, directed by Michael Moore
Steel Magnolias, winning a Golden Globe Award for Julia Roberts
Turner & Hooch UHF Uncle Buck, directed by John Hughes
"All She Wants Is" – Duran Duran
"My Brave Face" – Paul McCartney
"Another Day in Paradise" – Phil Collins
"Batdance" – Prince
"Bat Attack '89 – Crime Fighters Inc
"Beds Are Burning" – Midnight Oil
"Blame It on the Rain" – Milli Vanilli
"Buffalo Stance" – Neneh Cherry
"Cartoon" – Soul Asylum
"Compulsory Hero – 1927
"Chained To The Wheel – Black Sorrows
"Cry In Shame Johnny Diesel + The Injectors
"Crying In The Chapel" – Peter Blakley
"Do You Believe In Shame?" –
"Dr. Feelgood" – Mötley Crüe
"Eternal Flame" – The Bangles
"Eyes Of A Stranger" – Queensrÿche
"Hangin' Tough" – New Kids On The Block
"Heavy Metal" – Judas Priest
"I Drove All Night – Cyndi Lauper
"I Feel The Earth Move – Martika
"If I Could" – 1927
"If I Could Turn Back Time" – Cher
"If Tomorrow Never Comes" – Garth Brooks
"Kickstart My Heart" – Mötley Crüe
"Killin' Time" – Clint Black
"Leave A Light On For Me – Belinda Carlisle
"Like a Prayer" – Madonna
"Listen To Your Heart" – Roxette
"Lost in Your Eyes" – Debbie Gibson
"Love Shack"- The B-52's
"Miss You Much" – Janet Jackson
"Monsters Of Rock" – Judas Priest
"Open Letter (To A Landlord)" – Living Colour
"Orange Crush" – R.E.M.
"Rendez-vous chaque soir" – Dalida (inédit)
"Right Here Waiting" – Richard Marx
"Ring My Bell – Collette
"She Drives Me Crazy" – Fine Young Cannibals
"She Has To Be Loved" – Jenny Morris
"Sometime To Return" – Soul Asylum
"Soul Revival" – Johnny Disel + The Injectors
"Stand" – R.E.M.
"Stop – Sam Brown
"Straight Up" – Paula Abdul
"Talk It Over" – Grayson Hugh
"The Crack-Up" – The Black Sorrows
"The Dance" – Garth Brooks
"The Look" – Roxette
"The World Seems Difficult" – Mentals
"Tucker's Daughter – Ian Moss
"Un soir qu'on oublie pas" – Dalida (inédit)
"Veronica" – Elvis Costello
"When I See You Smile" – Bad English
"We Didn't Start The Fire" – Billy Joel
"Wild Thing" – Tone Loc
"You Got It" – Roy Orbison
"You Got It (The Right Stuff)" – New Kids On The Block
"Young Years" – Dragon
"You'll Never Know" – 1927
Geek Love – Katherine Dunn
The Cardinal of the Kremlin – Tom Clancy
Chronicle of the French Revolution – Jean Favier et al.
Daddy – Danielle Steel
The Face of Battle – John Keegan
Foucault's Pendulum – Umberto Eco
The Great and Secret Show – Clive Barker
Guards!
Guards! –
Hyperion – Dan Simmons
It's Always Something – Gilda Radner
Jasmine – Bharati Mukherjee
The Joy Luck Club – Amy Tan
The Legacy of Heorot – Larry Niven
Licence to Kill – John Gardner
London Fields – Martin Amis
Lot's Wife – Tom Wakefield
The Magick of Candleburning – Gerina Dunwich
The Negotiator – Frederick Forsyth
The Pillars of the Earth – Ken Follett
A Prayer For Owen Meany – John Irving
Pyramids – Terry Pratchett
Red Phoenix – Larry Bond
The Remains of the Day – Kazuo Ishiguro
The Russia House – John le Carré
The Sands of Time – Sidney Sheldon
The Satanic Verses – Salman Rushdie
Six Days in Havana – James A. Michener
Solomon Gursky Was Here – Mordecai Richler
Star – Danielle Steel
Stark – Ben Elton
The Temple of My Familiar – Alice Walker
A Time to Kill – John Grisham
Total Recall – Piers Anthony
While My Pretty One Sleeps – Mary Higgins Clark
The Wicked and the Witless – Hugh Cook
Win, Lose or Die – John Gardner
New Revised Standard Version of the Bible
Resident Aliens: Life in the Christian Colony by Stanley Hauerwas and William Willimon
Snot Stew'' by Bill Wallace
A common year is a year that is not a leap year.
In the Gregorian calendar, a common year has 365 days.
This means a common year has 52 weeks and one day.
So if a certain year started on a Monday, the following year will start on a Tuesday.
Stated differently, a common year always begins and ends on the same day of the week. (
For example, in 2021 (the previous year), both January 1 and December 31 falls on a Friday.)
In the Gregorian calendar, 303 out of every 400 years are common years.
In the Julian calendar, 300 out of every 400 years were common years.
All the other years are special and known as leap years.
2000, a leap year, began on a Saturday.
2001 began on a Monday.
2002 began on a Tuesday.
2003 began on a Wednesday.
2004, a leap year, began on a Thursday.
2005 began on a Saturday.
2006 began on a Sunday.
2007 began on a Monday.
2008, a leap year, began on a Tuesday.
2009 began on a Thursday.
2010 began on a Friday.
2011 began on a Saturday.
2012, a leap year, began on a Sunday.
2013 began on a Tuesday.
2014 began on a Wednesday.
2015 began on a Thursday.
2016, a leap year, began on a Friday.
2017 began on a Sunday.
2018 began on a Monday.
2019 began on a Tuesday.
2020, a leap year, began on a Wednesday.
2021 began on a Friday.
2022 began on a Saturday.
2023 will begin on a Sunday.
2024, a leap year, will begin on a Monday.
January has 31 days.
February has 28 days.
March has 31 days.
April has 30 days.
May has 31 days.
June has 30 days.
July has 31 days.
August has 31 days.
September has 30 days.
October has 31 days.
December has 31 days.
There are 7 months with 31 days.
There are 4 months with 30 days.
There is 1 month with 28 days.
In the Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BC, every 4 years there are 29 days in February, which is called a leap year.
This happens because every year is 365 and 1/4 days but instead of us having a spare quarter of a day in each year we add them all up every 4 years and make an extra day to avoid confusion and make things easier for everyone.
In the Gregorian Calendar, which was introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, because the Julian calendar added slightly too many years, three leap years were removed for every 400 years.
These are those that are multiples of 100, but not multiples of 400.
Thus, in the Gregorian calendar, 2020 is a leap year, but not 2019 and 2021, 1900 is not a leap year even though 1904 and 1896 are, and 2000 is a leap year even though 1900 and 2100 are not.
A decade (pronounce: DEK-aid) is a period of 10 years.
The word comes from the Ancient Greek word for ten: "deka".
10 decades make a century, while 100 decades make a millennium.
A decade is any 10 year period: There are different ways to refer to different groupings of ten years.
For example, the period from 2001 to 2010 can be described as the 1st decade of the 21st century.
An individual who has been alive two full decades is referred to as being in their 20s for the next decade of their life, from age 20 to 29.
Decades are also considered specific groups of ten years sharing the same tens digit, identified by name, as in the nineteen-eighties (1980s) referring to the period from 1980 to 1989 and the nineteen-nineties (1990s) referring to the period from 1990 to 1999.
This is the sense meant when someone refers to decades without other context, for example saying 'next decade' in any year between 2020 and 2029 would indicate the 2030s.
Sometimes this is shortened to just the decade, where the context is clear, as in the eighties (80s) or the nineties (90s).
No apostrophe is used before the s in the names of these decades.
Some decades also have nicknames, such as the Roaring Twenties (1920s), the Gangsta Rap Nineties (1990s) (US), the Naughty Nineties (1890s) (UK), and the Swinging Sixties (1960s).
The 19th century was the century from 1801 to 1900.
Most of this century is normally called the Victorian period because Queen Victoria ruled the United Kingdom.
The Industrial Revolution started in this century in most western countries.
George Burns was also born in the 19th century until he died at the age of 100 in 1996.
Featured characters at the 19th century
John Tenniel (February 28, 1820 - February 25, 1914) - the creators of Gary Manfield, first appearance in January 1, 1841.
Mark Twain (November 30, 1835 - April 21, 1910) - the creators of Rosie the Mouse, first appearance in January 1, 1855.
Thomas Edison (February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931) - the creators of Chowder, first appearance in January 1, 1878.
and many more.
1830: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is established on 6 April 1830.
1844: Persian Prophet the Báb announces his revelation on 23 May, founding Bábism.
He announced to the world of the coming of "He whom God shall make manifest".
He is considered the forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith.
1848: The Christadelphians founded by John Thomas (Christadelphian).
1871–1878: In Germany, Otto von Bismarck challenged the Catholic Church in the Kulturkampf ("Culture War")
1879: Mary Baker Eddy founds the Church of Christ, Scientist.
1879: first issue of "The Watchtower", a religious magazine currently published and distributed by the Jehovah's Witnesses
1889: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad establishes the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, a reform sect of Islam.
1891: Pope Leo XIII launches the encyclical Rerum novarum, the first major Catholic document on social justice
1808: Beethoven composes Fifth Symphony
1812: Brothers Grimm fairy tale edition writes his Snow White.
1812: Charles Perrault and Brothers Grimm - two characters including Snow White and Cinderella meet for the first time.
1813: Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice
1818: Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein.
1819: John Keats writes his odes of 1819.
1819: Théodore Géricault paints his masterpiece The Raft of the Medusa, and exhibits it in the French Salon of 1819 at the Louvre.
1824: Premiere of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
1829: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust premieres.
1837: Charles Dickens publishes Oliver Twist.
1841: Ralph Waldo Emerson publishes Self-Reliance.
1845: Frederick Douglass publishes Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave.
1847: The Brontë sisters publish Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey.
1849: Josiah Henson publishes The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself.
1851: Herman Melville publishes Moby-Dick.
1851: Sojourner Truth delivers the speech Ain't I a Woman?.
1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin.
1855: Walt Whitman publishes the first edition of Leaves of Grass.
1855: Frederick Douglass publishes the first edition of My Bondage and My Freedom.
1862: Victor Hugo publishes Les Misérables.
1865: Lewis Carroll publishes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
1869: Leo Tolstoy publishes War and Peace.
1875: Georges Bizet's opera Carmen premiers in Paris.
1876: Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle is first performed in its entirety.
1883: Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island is published.
1884: Mark Twain publishes the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
1886: "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde" by Robert Louis Stevenson is published.
1887: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle publishes his first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet.
1889: Vincent van Gogh paints The Starry Night.
1889: Moulin Rouge opens in Paris.
1892: Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite premières in St Petersberg.
1894: Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book is published
1895: Trial of Oscar Wilde and premiere of his play The Importance of Being Earnest.
1897: Bram Stoker writes Dracula.
1900: L. Frank Baum publishes The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
Sonata form matured during the Classical era to become the primary form of instrumental compositions throughout the 19th century.
Much of the music from the 19th century was referred to as being in the Romantic style.
Many great composers lived through this era such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Richard Wagner.
The list includes:
Ludwig van Beethoven - "Für Elise" - composed: April 27, 1810, version: 1822 and published: 1867 - (German: "Für Elise")
Alexandre Levy
Gioachino Rossini is a Manxman music composers:
"Vom Elisa" - composed: January 10, 1817 - (Manxman: "Vom Elisa").
But now, is a then the Universal's theme song of The Merry Cartoon Co-Series Friends in 1955, and the Peter Howell's composed music BBC Video logo in 1984.
"Azbán mérk plervok" - composed: January 10, 1819 - (Manxman: "Azbán mérk plervok").
But now, is a TV show Five Minutes More theme song in 2006.
"Trópaton yekim" - composed: January 16, 1819 - (Manxman: "Trópaton yekim").
But now, is a video game Mario & Wario two music Lakeside and Game Over in 1993.
"Joszorka Daktan" (as Witch Doctor) - composed: January 15, 1820 - (Manxman: "Joszorka Daktan").
But now, Pep Doyle's Witch Doctor song, Ross Bagdasarian's Witch Doctor song in 1958 and Witch Doctor song by Cartoons in 1998.
"Yagjak Forz" - composed: January 8, 1822 - (Manxman: "Yagjak Forz") - But now, Rupert theme by Milan Kymlicka in 1991.
"Karnoz az Nassak" - composed: January 11, 1822 - (Manxman: "Karnoz az Nassak") - But now, Murder, She Wrote theme song in 1984 by John Addison.
"Blackbur Varazsa" - composed: January 22, 1822 - (Manxman: "Blackbur Varazsa") - But now, Miss Marple theme song in 1984.
"Kralaid dulk Varatai" - composed: April 27, 1835 - (Manxman: "Kralaid dulk Varatai") - But now, Babar theme song by Milan Kymlicka in 1989.
Decades and years
Significant People
Bela Bartok
Napoleon I
The 21st century started on January 1, 2001 and will end on December 31, 2100.
It is the current century.
Note: movie years before or after the twenty-first century are in italics.
Ijtihad is the process of reaching a legal decision on the basis of one's own interpretation of Islamic law.
The word is related to the better-known jihad.
Ijtihad appeared  among the Muhammad's companions.
In order to be able to reproduce experiments, standard conditions for temperature and pressure have been defined in different fields of science.
Very often these are also called standard temperature and pressure.
The table below gives some examples:
Stone Temple Pilots, an American rock band
Standard Temperature and Pressure, definition
Straight Through Processing, banking term where a financial transaction  is automatically completed without manual intervention
Segment, Target and Position, a marketing acronym
STP (motor oil company), a brand name and trade name for the automotive additives and performance division of Armored AutoGroup
STP, New York Stock Exchange symbol for Suntech Power Holdings, a Chinese manufacturer of photovoltaic cells
STP, IATA airport code for St. Paul Downtown Airport in Saint Paul, Minnesota
STP, ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code, IOC country code, and FIFA country code for São Tomé and Príncipe
STP, National Rail code for London St Pancras (Domestic) railway station
Status post, sometimes abbreviated as st.p.,
used to discuss sequelae with reference to their cause
Sternal puncture, a form of bone marrow examination
Scientist Training Programme, the postgraduate training for Healthcare scientists in the UK introduced under Modernising Scientific Careers
The Rolling Stones American Tour 1972, popularly referred to as the "STP Tour" for "Stones Touring Party"
"S.T.P.", a song on the album Robbin' the Hood by ska punk/reggae band Sublime
Science, math and technology
Standard conditions for temperature and pressure, a scientific convention of designating standard conditions
Scalar triple product
Sewage treatment plant
Shielded twisted pair, a type of cable
Shovel test pit, method for archaeological survey
Signal Transfer Point, an SS7 packet switch
Sodium tripolyphosphate, a preservative
South Texas Nuclear Generating Station, aka South Texas Project, nuclear power station located southwest of Bay City, Texas
Space Test Program, a program conducted by the USAF Space Development and Test Wing at Kirtland Air Force Base
Spanning tree protocol, a network protocol providing a loop free topology for a LAN or bridged network
Steiner tree problem in graphs
Strategic Technology Plan
ISO 10303-21, the STEP CAD exchange format, uses the file extension .stp
25 metre standard pistol, a shooting sport
STP, a brand of bicycles marketed by Giant Bicycles
Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic, an annual one- and two-day supported bicycle ride from Seattle, Washington to Portland, Oregon
Sacrae Theologiae Professor, or Professor of Sacred Theology (possibly archaic)
Society for Threatened Peoples a human rights group based in Göttingen, Germany
STP, slang name for the psychedelic 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine, also known as DOM
The jungle is a place in a rain forest where the forest floor is crowded with plants.
Like other rainy places, they have many rivers or streams.
Scientists think that more types of animals and plants live in the jungles than everywhere else.
When people talk about jungles, they sometimes mean the whole rainforest.
The crowding in a jungle leaves little room to walk.
This may make it dangerous to people.
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.
It has a wavelength which can be seen by the human eye.
It is a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum and radiation given off by stars like the sun.
Animals can also see light.
The study of light, known as optics.
When light hits an opaque object it makes a shadow but when the light hits a transparent object, it passes through it almost completely without making a shadow
Light is electromagnetic radiation that shows properties of both waves and particles.
Light is a form of energy.
Light also keeps the Earth warm.
Light exists in tiny energy packets called photons.
Each wave has a wavelength or frequency.
The human eye sees each wavelength as a different colour.
Rainbows show the entire spectrum of visible light.
The separate colors, moving in from the outer edges, are usually listed as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
Other colors can be seen only with special cameras or instruments: Wavelengths below the frequency of red are called infrared, and higher than of violet are called ultraviolet.
In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not.
This article is about visible light.
Read the electromagnetic radiation article for the general concept.
About light
In a vacuum, the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second (or about 186,282 miles per second).
This means it takes about 8 minutes for light to reach Earth from the Sun.
In glass it travels at about two-thirds as fast.
Light moves in a straight line.
It makes shadows when the path of light is blocked.
More opaque things will have a darker shadow, things that are more clear have a lighter shadow, and transparent things will have none or very little shadow.
Light can easily move through transparent things.
When light is not in a vacuum, it travels slower than the speed of light.
The slowest light ever recorded moved at 39 miles per hour.
Our eyes react to light; when we see something we see the light it reflects, or the light it emits.
For example, a lamp gives off light, and everything else in the same room as the lamp reflects its light.
Every color of light has a different wavelength.
The shorter the wavelength, the more energy the light has.
The speed of light does not depend on its energy.
Going through partly clear objects can slow light down by a very small amount.
White light is made up of many different colors of light added together.
When white light shines through a prism, it splits up into different colors, becoming a spectrum.
The spectrum contains all of the wavelengths of light that we can see.
Red light has the longest wavelength, and violet (purple) light has the shortest.
Light with a wavelength shorter than violet is called ultraviolet light.
X-rays and gamma rays are also forms of light with even shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet.
Light with a wavelength longer than red is called infrared light.
Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength even longer than infrared light.
The microwaves that are used to heat food in a microwave oven are also a form of electromagnetic radiation.
Our eyes cannot see those kinds of energy, but there are some cameras that can see them.
The various forms of light, both visible and invisible are the electromagnetic spectrum.
When light is refracted in raindrops, a rainbow is made.
The raindrop acts like a prism and refracts the light until we can see the colors of the spectrum.
Light and color are forms of analog information.
However, electronic cameras and computer displays work with digital information.
Electronic cameras or document scanners make a digital version of a color image by separating out the full color image into separate red, green, and blue images.
Later, a digital display uses pixels of just those three colors.
Computer screens use only these three colors in different brightness levels.
The brain puts them together to see all of the other colors in the image.
People think of objects as having color.
The color of objects is because the molecules that make up the object absorb certain light waves, leaving the other light waves to bounce off.
The human eye sees the wavelengths of all of the light that was not absorbed.
This gives the brain with the impression of a color.
Stockholm is the capital city of Sweden.
It is also the biggest city in Sweden.
It is on the east coast of the country.
The city is built on islands, with canals and open water in the inner city.
Stockholm is found between Sweden's third largest lake, Mälaren, and the Baltic Sea.
Central Stockholm has four different parts - Kungsholmen, Södermalm, Norrmalm and Östermalm.
Kungsholmen and Södermalm are islands, while Norrmalm and Östermalm are parts of the mainland.
Also, there are several smaller islands in the inner city - Gamla Stan, Riddarholmen, Djurgården and Skeppsholmen.
Since Stockholm has so many islands, it is sometimes referred to as the "Venice of the North".
Gamla Stan is the oldest part of the city - the name means "Old Town", and is usually called that in English.
Djurgården is mostly a large park, but there are buildings on the island.
Most of these are museums that commemorate Sweden's and Stockholm's past - like Skansen, a zoo with a Swedish theme.
Skeppsholmen is an island that used to be a training ground and military school, but most of the buildings are now used for museums and art galleries, such as the Modern Museum, or the East Asian museum.
Riddarholmen is a part of Gamla Stan, but actually a different island.
All of the islands in Stockholm are connected by several bridges.
The biggest one is Västerbron, going from Kungsholmen to Södermalm.
Birger Jarl is considered the founder of Stockholm.
It is believed that he rebuilt a defense building in the 13th century on what is today the island of the Old town.
Around the fortification, a town grew.
The town grew mainly because of its sea and land trading.
13th-century establishments in Europe
Establishments in Sweden
Rain is a kind of precipitation.
Precipitation is any kind of water that falls from clouds in the sky, like rain, hail, sleet and snow.
It is measured by a rain gauge.
Rain is part of the water cycle.
Some places have frequent rain.
This makes rainforests.
Some have little rain.
This makes deserts.
A rainstorm is a sudden heavy fall of rain.
It may cause flash floods in valleys.
Heavy rain for a long time may make floods that destroy houses and drown people.
Also, landslides may happen.
Convectional rain
When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it.
Convection makes the air rise and  cool.
When it cools to the dew point, clouds form and rain follows.
This usually occurs on flat land.
This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and thunderstorms.
Relief rain
Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the coast.
When wet onshore wind from the sea meets a mountain, hill or any other sort of barrier, it is forced to rise along the slope and cools.
When the air temperature falls to its dew point, water vapour condenses to form clouds.
When the clouds can no longer hold the water droplets, relief rain begins to fall on the windward slope of the mountain.
On the leeward slope, air sinks, it is warmed and further dried by compression.
Therefore, the leeward slope is known as rain shadow.
Moist winds blow in from the sea and are forced to rise over the land.
The air cools and the water vapour condenses, forming rain drops.
The rainiest places in the world are places that have relief rainfall.
Frontal rain/Cyclonic rain
Frontal rain happens when cooler air and warmer, humid air meet in a weather front.
The less dense warm air rises and condenses forming clouds.
These clouds grow and eventually create rain.
In some places on the northern temperate zone the cold air front tends to come from the north west and the warm air front comes from the south west.
Some people collect rain in a rainwater tank.
People use rainwater for watering plants, cleaning the house, bathing, or drinking.
It is not always safe to drink rainwater.
It can have bacteria, parasites, viruses, and chemicals that could make people sick.
BBC article on rain-making.
International Year of Astronomy.
International Year of Natural Fibres.
International Year of Reconciliation.
2009 was the Chinese Year of Earth Ox based on the 12-year Chinese Zodiac cycle.
January 1 – Austria, Japan, Mexico, Turkey, and Uganda assume their seats on the United Nations Security Council.
January 1 – The Czech Republic takes over the presidency of the Council of the European Union from France.
January 1 – Slovakia uses the Euro as its money, instead of the Slovak koruna.
January 3 – Israel invades Gaza with its army.
January 7 – Russia shuts off all gas to Europe through Ukraine.
Prime Minister Vladimir Putin publicly supports the move and suggests that international observers be brought into the dispute.
January 12 – The Electronic System for Travel Authorization becomes necessary for travelers from Visa Waiver Program countries before travel to the United States.
January 13 – Ethiopian military forces start to go home from Somalia, where they have tried to keep order for nearly two years.
January 15 – US Airways Flight 1549, crash-lands in the Hudson River near Manhattan.
All 155 people leave the airplane safely.
The accident happened because the plane hit a flock of Canada Geese.
January 17 – Israel declares a cease-fire against Hamas, even though Hamas does not.
This ends Israel's attacks after 22 days of fighting in Gaza.
January 20 – Inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States.
January 26 – The International Criminal Court has its first trial.
Union of Congolese Patriots leader Thomas Lubanga is claimed to have used children to make war.
January 26 – The Icelandic government and banking system collapse.
Prime Minister Geir Haarde resigns.
February 1 – Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow is enthroned as the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church.
February 1 – Johanna Sigurdardottir becomes Prime Minister of Iceland.
February 2 – Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces that Iran has launched its own satellite, "Omid", into orbit on an Iranian-built rocket.
February 7 – The deadliest bushfires in Australian history begin; they kill 173, injure 500 more, and leave 7,500 homeless.
The fires come after Melbourne records the hottest-ever temperature (46.4 °C, 115 °F) of any capital city in Australia.
The majority of the fires are started by either fallen or clashing power lines or deliberately lit.
February 9 – Victoria (Australia) hottest day, 48.8 °C at Hopetoun.
February 10 – A Russian and an American satellite collide over Siberia, creating a large amount of space debris.
February 17 – The JEM rebel group in Darfur, Sudan sign a pact with the Sudanese government, planning a ceasefire within the next 3 months.
February 25 – Members of the Bangladesh Rifles paramilitary force begin mutinying.
Over 80 are killed.
March 2 – The President of Guinea-Bissau, João Bernardo Vieira, is assassinated during an armed attack on his residence in Bissau.
March 3 – Gunmen attack a bus carrying Sri Lankan cricketers in Lahore, Pakistan, killing eight people and injuring several others.
March 17 – The President of Madagascar, Marc Ravalomanana, is overthrown in a coup d'état, following a month of rallies in Antananarivo.
The military appoints opposition leader Andry Rajoelina as the new president.
April 1 – Albania and Croatia join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
April 5 – North Korea launches the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 rocket, prompting an emergency meeting of—but no official reaction from—the United Nations Security Council.
April 6 – A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L'Aquila, Italy, killing nearly 300 and injuring more than 1,500.
May 4 – The President of Niger, Tandja Mamadou, holds peace talks with the Tuareg rebel groups in north Niger.
May 18 – The third C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group meets in Seoul.
May 18 -Following more than a quarter-century of fighting, the Sri Lankan Civil War ends with the total military defeat of the LTTE.\
June 1 – An Air France plane crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil, killing all of the 228 people on board.
June 12 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is reelected as the president of Iran.
Over the following weeks, thousands of the opposition's supporters protest the results.
The end of analog television broadcast in United States.
June 25 – Music legend Michael Jackson dies in Los Angeles at the age of 50.
June 28 – Honduran President Manuel Zelaya is ousted in a coup.
July 1 – Sweden assumes the presidency of the European Union.
July 4 – The Organization of American States suspends Honduras due to the country's recent political crisis after its refusal to reinstate President Zelaya.
July 5 – Over 150 are killed when a few thousand ethnic Uyghurs target local Han Chinese during major rioting in Ürümqi, Xinjiang.
July 15 – Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 crashes near Qazvin, Iran, killing all 168 on board.
July 16 – Iceland's parliament votes to pursue joining the EU.