the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Halophiles live in evaporation ponds or salt lakes such as Great Salt Lake, Owens Lake, or Dead Sea.
The name "halophile" comes from Greek for "salt-loving".
Most halophiles are archaeans, but some bacteria and eukaryotes are also halophiles, such as the alga Dunaliella salina.
Most halophilic and salt-eating animals use energy to remove salt from their cytoplasm.
Normally, organisms living around a lot of salt would lose water and die because of osmosis.
Water inside the organism would move from inside the cell to its outside environment.
This is because there is always movement of water to reach a state where the concentrations of salt are the same on both sides of the cell membrane.
To get to this state, halophiles use two different methods.
In the first (mainly used by bacteria, some archaea, yeasts, algae and fungi), organic compounds are stored in the cytoplasm.
These compounds help the organism survive the stress of osmosis.
The most commonly used solutes for this process are neutral and include amino acids and sugars.
Advantages to this method are that organisms can live in a wider range of salt concentrations.
Also, if proteins are not exposed to high salt levels, they do not have to adapt to high salt levels.
It requires the organism to use much more energy then the adaption below.
The second, less common adaptation, is the selective intake  of potassium (K+) ions into the cytoplasm.
In exchange, the organism pumps sodium (Na+) ions out with the help of the sodium-potassium pump.
Ions of sodium may be used instead of potassium, but potassium is the most common.
This adaptation is only used by one order of bacteria and one family of Archaea.
An advantage to this method is that it uses much less energy than the adaption above.
The main disadvantage to this adaption is that all of the machinery inside the cell (enzymes, structural proteins, etc.)
must be adapted to high levels of non-organic ions, and high salt levels.
This is much more demanding than the adaptation described above.
Most halophilic organisms only use one of the two methods, but a few  halophiles can use both.
Halophiles are categorized by the levels of salt at which they grow best.
Halophiles can either be categorized as slight halophiles, moderate halophiles, or extreme halophiles.
Slight halophiles grow best in concentrations of salt around 2% to 5%.
An example of a slight halophile is Erythrobacter flavus.
Slight halophiles live in mud on the ocean floor, in seawater, and in garden soil.
Moderate halophiles grow best in concentrations of salt around 5% to 20%.
Examples of moderate halophiles are organisms in the genera Desulfovibrio, Desulfocella, Desulfohalobium, and Desulfotomaculum.
Moderate halophiles live in marine salterns, saline lakes, in matter at the bottom of the sea, and in oil brine fields.
Extreme halophiles grow best in concentrations of salt from 20% to 30%.
Examples of extreme halophiles are Salinibacter ruber and organisms in the Halobacteria class.
Extreme halophiles live in the Dead Sea in the Middle East and in man-made solar salterns (lakes used for making sea salt).
Importance and uses
Halophiles play an important part in ecosystems.
For example, halophiles often support entire populations of wild birds.
Halophiles are useful for cleaning up polluted environments.
Waste water with salt concentrations more than 2% is ideal for halophiles to remove organic pollutants from.
For instance, halophiles have been shown to remove phenol (a poisonous chemical) from their environments.
This could lead to future use in cleaning up oil spills.
In fermentation
Halophiles play an important part in the fermentation of some foods.
For instance, halophiles ferment soy and fish sauces.
Halophiles also ferment salted fish.
In biotechnology
Halophilic microorganisms are useful in biotechnology.
The compounds that certain halophiles make are valuable.
Some of these compounds are not found anywhere else in the living world.
The salt-tolerant enzymes that halophiles produce can be used in a variety of ways.
For example, these enzymes could be used for rough industrial processes, like food processing.
Some moderate halophiles produce sugars outside the cell.
These sugars can be used as thickeners and emulsifiers in the petroleum and medicine industries.
Owens Lake is a mostly dry lake in the eastern Sierra Nevada of Inyo County, California, located about  south of Lone Pine, California.
Unlike most dry lakes in the Basin and Range Province that have been dry for thousands of years, Owens held water until 1924.
Today, some of the flow of the river has been restored, and the lake now has some water.
Dunaliella salina is a type of halophile pink micro-algae found in sea salt fields.
Dunaliella salina is used in cosmetics and dietary supplements.
Few organisms can survive in such highly saline conditions as salt evaporation ponds.
To survive, these organisms have high concentrations of beta-carotene to protect against light, and high concentrations of glycerol to provide protection against osmotic pressure.
This offers an opportunity for commercial biological production of these substances.
Scarification or cicatrization is a form of body modification, where a design or pattern is cut, etched or scratched into human skin to make a permanent scar.
Like with most body modification, there are many reasons why people choose to be scarified.
The act of scarifying has been compared to tattooing due to the fact that it permanently changes the skin.
It has also been identified with self harm because people have used it to cover self-inflicted wounds.
Scarification began as cultural identification in some places, especially in Maori and African societies.
Other cultures may use it for religious reasons, and nearly all cultures use it for aesthetics.
Some people also use scarification for pleasure, as the process of being scarified creates endorphins.
Haloarchaea are halophiles.
They need a high salt concentrations to grow.
They are a distinct evolutionary branch of the Archaea, and are extremophiles.
The term halobacteria is a misnomer (mistaken name), because we now know the archaea are a different group from bacteria.
In taxonomy, the Haloarchaea are a class of the Euryarchaeota, found in water with salt.
They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available.
Cowbirds are birds of the genus Molothrus.
They are brood parasites, similar in life-style to the Cuckoo.
The entire family Icteridae is limited to the New World.
They lay their eggs in the nests of other birds.
The birds whose nest is used by the cowbird is tricked into raising the young cowbirds.
These birds feed on insects, including those stirred up by cattle.
They lay their eggs in other birds' nests.
This means that the birds can more easily stay with the herd.
The Brown-headed Cowbird has over 220 hosts.
The other cowbird species have fewer known hosts, but all the species are generalists when it comes to choosing a host.
This means that the eggs may look very different from the hosts' eggs.
Mafia-type behaviour
It seems that Brown-headed Cowbirds periodically check on their eggs and young after they have deposited them.
Removal of the parasitic egg may trigger a retaliatory reaction termed 'mafia behaviour'.
Cowbirds may penalise hosts which remove the cowbird egg: they often destroy the eggs or nestlings of those hosts.
"Central to the persistence of mafia-type behavior in brood parasites and acceptance in hosts is the fact that hosts produce significantly more offspring by accepting parasitism rather than ejecting parasitic eggs".
Elisabeth was born in Munich, Bavaria state in Germany.
She was part of the royal family of Wittelsbach.
She was the fourth of the ten children of Prince Maximilian of Bavaria and his wife Princess Ludovika.
She was known as "Sisi".
She grew up with her brothers and sisters at Possenhofen Castle.
In August 1853, she went to Bad Ischl with her mother and older sister Helene, to celebrate Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph's 23rd birthday.
The event was also supposed to be the occasion to announce his engagement to Helene.
However, Franz Joseph liked the young and beautiful Elisabeth so much that he proposed to her instead.
Elisabeth and Franz Joseph were married in great pomp in Vienna on April 24, 1854.
Elisabeth had an informal upbringing, before marrying Franz Joseph.
She disliked the  much more formal life she had to live at court.
Early in the marriage, her mother-in-law, Princess Sophie, took over the care of Elisabeth's daughters.
One daughter died when she was a baby.
The birth of her son Rudolf improved her standing at court.
Her health suffered under the stress of the  court life.
She had four children: Sophie (1855-1857), Gisele (1856-1932), Rudolf (1858-1889) and Valerie (1868-1924).
Elisabeth suffered from lung disease and melancholia.
She disliked the strict etiquette of the court.
She was often away and lived long periods of time abroad, notably in Hungary and at her villa in Corfu.
Her only son, Rudolf, committed suicide in 1889, after killing his young mistress Marie Vetsera.
Empress Elisabeth was assassinated by an Italian anarchist in 1898, while on a visit to Geneva.
She has since become something of an historical icon and highly romantic figure, through a series of movies called Sisi in the 1950s.
The movies starred actress Romy Schneider.
Royal consorts
is a Japanese city in the Kantō region on the island of Honshu.
It is the capital city of Gunma Prefecture.
Rinkokaku is a wooden building which was built in 1884.
It is an important cultural property.
"Misopan", meaning “Bread with Miso paste” originates from Yakimanju.
Friand, Numata, is famous for Misopan.
The buns are made from Gunma Prefecture’s high quality wheat.
Azuki bean paste is not used, but rather, a spread of miso with sugar, which is then grilled until brown.
The prefectural office building was formed from Maebashi castle.
It was renovated in 1999, and became the tallest building in Maebashi.
Maebashi city website
Settlements in Gunma Prefecture
Arthur Howey "Art" Ross (January 13, 1885 – August 5, 1964) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman and executive from 1905 until 1954.
Thought of as one of the best defenders of his time by his peers, he was one of the first to skate with the puck up the ice instead of passing it to a forward.
He won the Stanley Cup twice in a playing career that lasted thirteen seasons; in January 1907 with the Kenora Thistles and 1908 with the Montreal Wanderers.
Like other players of the time, Ross played for many teams and leagues, and is most familiar for when he played with the Wanderers while they were members of the National Hockey Association (NHA) and its successor, the National Hockey League (NHL).
In 1911 he led one of the first player strikes over the players wanting more money.
When the Wanderers' home arena burned down in January 1918, the team stopped playing so Ross retired as a player.
After working as an on-ice official for a few years, he became head coach of the Hamilton Tigers for one season.
When the Boston Bruins were created in 1924, Ross was hired as the first coach and general manager of the team.
He would go on to coach the team four different times until 1945 and stayed as general manager until his retirement in 1954.
Ross helped the Bruins finish first place in the league ten times and to win the Stanley Cup three times; Ross coached the team to one of the Stanley Cup victories.
After he was hired by the Bruins, Ross, along with his wife and two sons, moved to a city near Boston, and became an American citizen in 1938.
He died near Boston in 1964.
Ross was also important in creating different inventions for hockey to make it better.
He created a style of hockey puck still used today, and also created an improved style of goal nets, which were used for forty years.
In 1947 Ross gave the NHL the Art Ross Trophy, which is given to the best scorer of the NHL regular season.
In 1949, the Hockey Hall of Fame named Ross.
*Playing stats from Total Hockey
*Coaching stats from Total Hockey
*Awards from Legends of Hockey
Art Ross's biography  at Canadian Sports Hall of Fame
Ottawa Senators (NHA) players
On phylogenetic trees, the first two groups show up as paraphyletic or polyphyletic, as do their main genera, Clostridium and Bacillus.
Firmicutes make up the largest portion of the mouse and human gut microbiome.
The division Firmicutes as part of the gut flora has been shown to be involved in energy resorption and obesity.
They are gram-negative bacteria.
This means they do not retain the violet dye in the Gram staining protocol.<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Salton MJR, Kim KS | title = Structure.
in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al.,
eds.)| edition = 4th | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.289 | isbn = 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
Proteobacteria include a wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, and many other notable genera.
Others are free-living, and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.
The group is defined primarily in terms of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences.
There are alphaproteobacteria in this phylum which are widely found in marine plankton.
They may constitute over 10% of the open ocean microbial community.
alpha subdivision (purple non-sulfur bacteria, rhizobacteria, Agrobacterium, Rickettsiae, Nitrobacter)
delta subdivision (Sulfur and sulfate reducers (Desulfovibrio), Myxobacteria, Bdellovibrio'')
Necrosis is a medical condition in which parts of a person's body die, turn black, and fall off.
This happens when the there is not enough blood reaching the tissues.
This can happen for many reasons including injury, poisons, bacteria or radiation damage.
The dead tissue will not grow back.
André Kim (August 24, 1935 – August 12, 2010) was a South Korean fashion designer based in Seoul, South Korea.
He is known mainly for his evening and wedding gown collections.
Kim, whose real name is Kim Bong Nam, is one of fashion designers in South Korea.
He has achievements in Korean fashion, and International fashion.
New York Times and Herald Tribune in London described him as 'A pioneer in Korean fashion' and 'Alive fashion hero'.
Kim became the Korea’s first male fashion designer as he opened his fashion shop in 1962 and since that time he attracted public attention by designing a wedding dress of Um Aeng Ran, who was a top star at that time, and designing many clothes like uniforms of the Korean athletes for the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
Furthermore, not only did he hold a fashion show in Paris as the first South Korean in 1966 but also he held a lot of fashion shows in many places such as New York, Washington DC, Beijing and Sydney.
Also, he was in the spotlight of the world because he became the world's first fashion designer to hold a fashion show in front of pyramids and Angkor Wat temple.
Since 2002 Kim has expanded his business into not only design fields such as children's wear and golf coat but also various fields like cosmetics and jewelry.
He was active in his work even before he died on August 12, 2010, because of the pneumonia and colorectal cancer at age 74.
Fashion Styles
There are many characteristics that André Kim has in his fashion shows and styles.
One of them is wedding finale, which is representative symbol as a bride and groom wearing wedding gowns confront each other.
Kim sticks to a design that emphasizes woman's elegance and tries to apply Korean traditional pattern.
Moreover, he always emphasizes white color.
To be specific, the clothes that he designed are white as well as the things that he uses, such as furniture and cars, are also white.
Moreover, he wears only white clothes regardless of the situation, even when he sleeps and takes a rest.
http://www.andrekim.co.kr/
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=927752
http://cafe.naver.com/pantheonhouse.cafe?iframe_url=/ArticleRead.nhn%3Farticleid=30
http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2010/08/12/0200000000AKR20100812218500005.HTML?did=1179m
Wensleydale is the valley (dale) of the River Ure on the east side of the Pennines in North Yorkshire, England.
Wensleydale is in the Yorkshire Dales National Park.
It is named after the small village of Wensley.
The village name 'Wensley' comes from the words Woden's ley, or meadow of the pagan god Woden.
It is famous for its cheese.
Wensleydale cheese is made from cow's milk.
It is produced in a village in the county of North Yorkshire in England.
It is usually shaped into a flat disc known as a truckle.
The history of the cheese began in Wensleydale in 1150 when monks started making cheese.
This became a farmhouse industry until the first commercial cheese was made in Hawes in 1897.
Cheese making continued until May 1992 when the cheese factory closed.
Six months later a group of local businessmen, ex-factory workers and cheesemakers, were able to reopen the business and promote Real Yorkshire Wensleydale Cheese.
This business has become very successful making specialty cheese and now employs more than 200 people.
Wensleydale in popular culture
In the 1990s, sales of the cheese had fallen very low.
However, in the popular Wallace and Gromit animated cartoons, A Grand Day Out and A Close Shave the main character Wallace, a cheese lover, mention Wensleydale as a particularly favourite cheese, which boosted sales of the cheese.
Park Tae-hwan (nicknamed "Marine boy") is a famous swimmer from South Korea.
He was born in Seoul on September 27, 1989.
He is the first South Korean swimmer to win a world title.
He won a gold medal in the men's 400 meters freestyle final at the World Swimming Championships in Melbourne, 2007.
Recently, he won a medal in all seven events in which he has competed in 2010 Asian Games (three gold medals, two silver medals and two bronze medals).
Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve is one of the world's greatest fossil sites.
It is part of Newfoundland and Labrador, in Canada.
Mistaken Point was so named because sailors found it a navigational hazard on the foggy tip of Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula.
The site is on Canada's Tentative List for proposed UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
No-one can visit the fossil site without an official guide; collecting actual fossils may not be done.
The fossils
The fossils are in Mistaken Point's tilted and faulted mudstone and sandstone.
They are exposed, visible on the surface.
They are part of the Ediacaran biota, the oldest complex (multicellular) life forms.
The Ediacaran is the last period in the Proterozoic eon.
They date to 579 to 542 million years ago, when all life was in the sea.
The palaeoecology
The creatures lived on the bottom of a deep ocean, below the depths that light could reach.
What is now Newfoundland was then between latitudes 40°–65° South.
The imprints of the soft-bodied animals were preserved in place on the muddy sea floor when they were suddenly buried by repeated volcanic ash-falls.
The ash (tuff) layers contain zircon, which makes it possible for geologists to accurately date the fossil layers by radiometric dating.
Fossils of similar age are found in Russia and Australia, but the variety found at Mistaken Point make the site unique.
Thus the Mesozoic era is divided into three periods: the Triassic, the Jurassic and the Cretaceous.
These periods are then further subdivided into epochs.
Bismuth(III) chloride, also known as bismuth trichloride, is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is BiCl3.
It has bismuth and chloride ions in it.
Bismuth(III) chloride is a pale yellow solid.
It reacts with water to make bismuth oxychloride and hydrochloric acid.
It dissolves in acids like hydrochloric acid.
It reacts with reducing agents to make bismuth metal.
It is made by reacting bismuth with chlorine.
It can also be made by dissolving bismuth(III) oxide in hydrochloric acid.
Bismuth can be dissolved in nitric acid to make bismuth(III) nitrate, which reacts with sodium chloride to make bismuth(III) chloride.
It is used as a catalyst in organic chemistry.
It is a good source of bismuth and is used to make other bismuth compounds.
Bismuth(III) chloride can cause burns on skin because it makes hydrochloric acid when it reacts with water.
It irritates the gastrointestinal tract.
Incheon is 28 km from the nation’s capital, Seoul.
It is at 126° 37´ east longitude and 37° 28´ north latitude, the same latitude as San Francisco, Washington, Madrid, and Teheran.
Incheon is the third largest city in South Korea, after Seoul and Busan and 2.6 million people lives in Incheon (2009).
The history of Incheon started from the Goguryeo Kingdom in 475 AD, under the reign of King Jangsu.
Its original name was Michuhol and it changed several times and renamed to Incheon-gun in the 13th year of King Taejong’s reign during Joseon period.
In 1949, after Korea`s 1945 liberation, Incheon City reorganized.
It was finally renamed to Incheon Metropolitan City in 1995.
During the Korean War, there was the battle of Incheon led by an American general of UN Douglas MacArthur and the battle resulted in a decisive victory.
It was also a strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations(UN).
In a show of gratitude to the American soldier, Koreans in the late 1950s erected the bronze statue of MacArthur in a central park at Incheon that overlooks the sea area through which his troops came ashore.
Culture and Tourism
Ganghwa-county
Hwamunseok mats are Incheon's famous local products, a figured mat.
The beauty of these hand-woven mats has made them one of the most famous specialty products of Ganghwa-gun, and one of the most beloved traditional Korean crafts.
Wolmido (Wolmi Island)
Wolmido was once a military base of Japanese Army during the Japanese colonial period and a outpost of the battle of Incheon.
Nowadays, Wolmido is one of the most famous tourist spots near the Metropolitan area.
Along the 1 km-long Wolmido Street of Culture, there are lots of beautiful cafes and restaurants.
Wolmido is also famous for street performers, portrait artists and Wolmi Festival.
Incheon Free Economic Zone
To become an international economic hub and a center of business and service industry of Asia, Incheon is developing free economic zone in the three regions of Songdo, Cheongra, and the island of Yeongjong.
Incheon's Free Economic Zone, the first in Korea, was officially designated by the Korean government in August 2003 and it is planing to 2020.
Incheon Metropolitan City homepage
475 establishments
Bismuth(III) fluoride, pale yellow solid, weak oxidizing agent
Bismuth(V) fluoride, colorless solid, powerful oxidizing agent
Bismuth(III) oxychloride is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is BiOCl.
It has bismuth, oxide, and chloride ions in it.
Bismuth(III) oxychloride is a whitish solid.
It is somewhat shiny.
It makes a very complicated molecule when it is heated.
Donald Bruce Poile (born June 1, 1932 in Fort William, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 66 games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Red Wings.
In addition to his time in the NHL, Poile had a successful minor league career with the Edmonton Flyers of the Western Hockey League.
His brother Bud Poile is in the Hall of Famer.
Andrew George 'Red' Spooner (August 24, 1910 — May 7, 1984) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played in one National Hockey League game for the Pittsburgh Pirates during the 1929–30 NHL season.
James Gaye Stewart (June 28, 1923 – November 18, 2010) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward.
Born in Fort William, Ontario, Stewart was promoted from the minors in 1942 to play in one game of the Stanley Cup Finals, where he helped the Toronto Maple Leafs win the championship.
The next season, Stewart won the 1943 Calder Trophy, beating out Maurice 'The Rocket' Richard of the Montreal Canadiens.
Danny Grant, Tony Esposito and Ken Dryden have accomplished it as well since then.
After spending two years in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II, Stewart returned to the NHL in 1945 and had his best season, leading the league with 37 goals - the last time a Leaf led the League in scoring.
Stewart won his second Stanley Cup, again with the Maple Leafs, in 1947.
Toronto traded Stewart to Chicago early in the 1947-48 season in a deal that brought Max Bentley to the Leafs, and he had three 20-goal seasons for the Black Hawks before finishing his career with stints in Detroit, New York and Montreal.
In all, Gaye Stewart played for five of the NHL's Original Six teams, all except the Boston Bruins.
He played 502 career NHL games, scoring 185 goals and 159 assists for 344 points.
Stewart died on November 18, 2010, in a hospital in Burlington, Ontario, at the age of 87.
Gaye Stewart Interview
Gaye Stewart's Day with the Stanley Cup
Gaye Stewart dies
Bismuth(III) sulfide, also known as bismuth sulfide, is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is Bi2S3.
It has bismuth and sulfide ions in it.
Properties and preparation
Bismuth(III) sulfide is a brown solid.
It is made by reacting hydrogen sulfide with a bismuth compound like bismuth(III) chloride.
It is found as the mineral bismuthinite.
Bismuthinite is lead-gray to tin-white, with an iridescent tarnish.
It is an important ore of bismuth.
It has a metallic color.
It was first found in Bolivia.
Its specific gravity is around 6.8.
Ephedra sinica, known in Chinese as ma huang (), is a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Hay fever and congestion are treated using this plant.
Chemicals that come from this plant, mimic other chemicals inside the sympathetic nervous system, similar to amphetamine.
They are often used for weight loss, but the U.S. FDA banned its use as a dietary supplement on April 2004.
Bismuthate is an ion.
Its chemical formula is BiO3-.
It has bismuth in its +5 oxidation state.
It is a very strong oxidizing agent.
It reacts with hot water to make bismuth(III) oxide and oxygen.
It also reacts with acids.
Sodium bismuthate is the most common bismuthate.
It is one of the few sodium compounds that does not dissolve in water.
Bismuth(V) fluoride, the other bismuth compound in its +5 oxidation state
Metric time is a way of measuring how long a period of time is using the metric system.
The metric system uses the second as a main unit of time.
There are periods of time that are based on the second but shorter.
They are named with metric prefixes.
Some of these are kiloseconds and milliseconds.
Other units of time, like the minute, hour, and day, are accepted for use with the modern metric system, but are not part of it.
The metric system was first used in France in 1795.
It had units for length, area, dry volume, liquid capacity, weight or mass, and even amounts of money, but not for time.
Decimal time of day had been first used in France two years earlier, but was set aside at the same time the metric system was started, and did not follow the metric pattern of a base unit and prefixed units.
James Clerk Maxwell and Elihu Thomson (through the British Association for the Advancement of Science - BAAS) came up with the Centimetre gram second system of units (cgs) in 1874.
The ephemeris second (1/86400 of a mean solar day) was made one of the original base units of the modern metric system, or International System of Units (SI), at the 10th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1954.
The SI second was later made even more exact.
It was made into the time of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation from the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom.
People have had ideas for other base units of metric time (other than the second).
On March 28, 1794, Joseph Louis Lagrange, the president of the commission which developed the metric system, wrote a report to the commission.
His report suggested the names déci-jour and centi-jour (deciday and centiday in English).
Base units that are decimal divisions of the day, such as 1/10, 1/100, 1/1000, or 1/100,000 day, or other divisions of the day, such as 1/20 or 1/40 day, have also been suggested, with names such as tick, meck, chi, chron, moment, etc.
These other units have not caught on with people, however.
In computing, metric time became widely used because it is easy to use with computers.
Unix time gives date and time as the number of seconds since January 1, 1970, and Microsoft's FILETIME as multiples of 100ns since January 1, 1601.
VAX/VMS uses the number of 100ns since November 17, 1858 and RISC OS the number of centiseconds since January 1, 1900. (
Each of these is not exactly linear, as there are some interruptions with leap seconds.)
The main problem with metric time is in the units.
The International System of Units has only come up with prefixes for 10 units exponentially in both the multiple and submultiple directions.
The first three multiples would be viable for use within a metric time system; they are 101 (decasecond = 10 seconds), 102 (hectosecond = 100 seconds; 1.666 minutes) and 103 (kilosecond = 1 000 seconds; 16.666 minutes) respectively.
However, the fourth value in the SI Units is 106 (megasecond = 1 000 000 seconds; 16 666.666 minutes; 277.777 hours; 11.574 days).
Followed by 109 (gigasecond = 1 000 000 000 seconds; 16 666 666.666 minutes; 277 777.777 hours; 11 574.074 days; 31.689 years); a relatively nonviable unit with which to measure human time/life.
To make this system of prefixes work for metric time, standard units and prefixes would have to be made for the 4th and 5th exponents to make metric time work for talking about time of human life.
These would be:
104 seconds (10 000 seconds; 166.6 minutes; 2.777 hours)
105 seconds (100 000 seconds; 1 666.6 minutes; 27.77 hours; 1.157 days)
Metric unit of time (second) Official text of SI brochure from International Bureau of Weights and Measures
Metric Time?
University of Illinois Physics Department
Decimal Time - Metric Time  explains the difference between decimal time and metric time (broken link)
c# Metric Time Open Source Project
Sodium bismuthate is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is NaBiO3.
It has sodium and bismuthate ions in it.
Sodium bismuthate is a light brown solid.
It is one of the only sodium compounds that do not dissolve in water.
It reacts with hot water to make sodium hydroxide, bismuth(III) oxide, and oxygen gas.
It reacts with acids to make bismuth(III) salts, sodium salts, and oxygen gas.
Kim Won-bong (, 1898 – November 1958?)
was a Korean independence activist, and politician.
His nickname was 'Yaksan' ().
Daum article (Korean)
Joseph Boleslaw Szura (December 18, 1938 – October 13, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played 90 games in the National Hockey League for the California Golden Seals and 115 games in the World Hockey Association for the Los Angeles Sharks and Houston Aeros.
Szura was born in Fort William, Ontario.
Notice of death
William Edward Bell (June 10, 1891 – June 3, 1952) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played four seasons in the National Hockey Association and six in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Wanderers, Montreal Canadiens and Ottawa Senators.
He won the Stanley Cup in 1924 with the Canadiens.
The Chondrostei are a sub-class of ray-finned fish, the Actinopterygii.
They include the sturgeons, huge fish which provide caviar.
The Chondrostei are mainly cartilaginous fish with some ossification.
There are 52 species divided among two orders.
The orders are the Acipenseriformes (sturgeons and paddlefishes), and the Polypteriformes (reedfishes and bichirs).
This group has at times been classified with the sharks: the similarities are obvious, not only do the chondrosteans mostly lack bone, the structure of the jaw is more akin to that of sharks than other bony fish.
Both lack scales (except the Polypteriforms).
Additional shared features include spiracles and, in sturgeons, a heterocercal tail (the vertebrae extend into the larger lobe of the caudal fin).
However the fossil record suggests that these fish have more in common with the Teleostei than their external appearance might suggest.
It is thought that the ancestors of the chondrosteans were bony fish but that this characteristic was lost in later evolutionary development, resulting in a lightening of the frame.
Elderly chondrosteans show beginnings of ossification of the skeleton which suggests that this process is delayed rather than lost in these fish.
In the early Mesozoic, a number of fish families were beginning to develop adaptations which would make them lighter, faster and more efficient predators.
Chondrosteans took a radical approach.
Cartilage is lighter than bone, and they delayed the development of bone, so that it only developed in elderly fish.
They lost the upper jaw bones completely.
Other changes allowed them to shoot the jaw forwards to grab prey.
Why did Chondrosteans react with such total reorganization?
Obviously selection pressure must have been very strong.
However, in one way they were almost unique.
Rarely amongst animals, they underwent polyploidy, several times.
Instead of two sets of chromosomes (diploid), the Chondrosteans have 8 or 16 sets of chromosomes.
Such a dramatic genetic change may have given the potential for a rapid, drastic reorganization of the body plan.
The Chondrostei are paraphyletic.
The group does not contain all of its descendants.
Therefore, sooner or later, it is going to be reorganised.
"Dandy Don" Meredith (April 10, 1938 - December 6, 2010) was an American football player.
He was born in Mount Vernon, Texas (about 100 miles east of Dallas.
He died in Santa Fe, New Mexico from a brain hemorrhage.
Meredith was a quarterback for the Dallas Cowboys from 1960 to 1968.
In 1970 he became a television broadcaster when he joined the Monday Night Football crew.
Meredith studied at Southern Methodist University (SMU).
He played quarterback for SMU for three years.
He was selected as an All-America in 1958 and 1959.
In 1960, he was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the third round.
He was then traded to the Dallas Cowboys for future draft picks.
In 1960, the Cowboys were a newly formed expansion team.
Meredith played quarterback for the Cowboys from 1960 to 1968.
In 1965, he became the starting quarterback.
In 1966, he led the Cowboys to their first winning season, with a record of ten wins, three losses, and one tie.
He threw a career-high 2,805 yards and 24 touchdown passes.
He was named NFL Player of the Year and selected to the Pro Bowl.
He led the Cowboys to three division titles.
He played in the 1966 and 1967 NFL Championship games.
"Dandy Don" announced his retirement in 1969, the same day that Roger Staubach was released from the Navy.
Staubach then replaced Meredith as the quarterback.
Meredith was 31 years old and in the prime of his career.
Meredith was inducted to Cowboys Ring of Honor in 1976.
He and Don Perkins were the second and third players added to the ring.
Don Meredith was one of the first athletes to move into television broadcasting as a color commentator.
He joined Keith Jackson and Howard Cosell at Monday Night Football (MNF) in 1970.
In 1973, he left MNF to join NBC for three years.
In 1977, he returned to MNF until his retirement in 1984.
He also appeared in a number of TV shows and movies, including Police Story and commercials for Lipton Ice Tea.
Ronald Paul Isaac Talakoski (June 1, 1962 – July 6, 2009) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played nine games in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers between 1986 and 1988.
Talakoski spent four years at the University of Manitoba.
In October, 1986 he signed as a free agent with the New York Rangers and played three games for the club that season.
The rest of his rookie year was spent in the American Hockey League (AHL) and the International Hockey League (IHL).
In 1987-88 he played a six games for the Rangers then scored 24 goals for the IHL's Colorado Rangers before retiring.
Talakoski also served as a firefighter in Thunder Bay, Ontario for 18 years.
Talakoski was found dead by Thunder Bay Fire and Rescue Services after a short search near Pier 3 in Thunder Bay, after having been reported missing from his residence.
He is reported to have suffered from Shy-Drager syndrome.
A lifeboat, also known as a liferaft, is a small, stiff or inflatable boat carried for emergencies in the event of a disaster on a ship.
Lifeboats are required by law to be on larger ships.
When steamships became commonplace in the 19th century, so did lifeboats.
At the beginning of the 20th century larger ships meant that more people could travel, but rules about lifeboats were often overlooked.
After the RMS Titanic sank on April 15, 1912, people realized that bigger ships need more lifeboats.
The Titanic's lifeboats were only capable of carrying 1,178 people although the Titanic had 3,330 people.
Because many lifeboats were needed on the decks of passenger ships this led to the use of most of the deck space being used for lifeboats which created the problem of narrow passageways.
This was fixed by inflatable lifeboats being used.
de:Rettungsboot
Overpopulation means that the population of a place is too high.
Specifically, there are too many organisms of a certain species in a habitat, so the number of organisms living there is larger than the carrying capacity of the habitat.
The habitat cannot support these numbers over time without hurting itself.
The term "overpopulation" is most often used to refer to the number of too many humans living on Earth.
Human overpopulation
The world's population has greatly increased in the last 50 years.
The main reason is the reduction in death rate, especially for infants and children.
The result is that many more people survive to the age when reproduction is possible.
Reduction of death rate
By reducing the effect of infectious diseases
widespread use of antibiotics against bacterial diseases
increased use of vaccination against some viral diseases
wider provision of clean water (modern sewage systems etc.),
which reduces parasitic diseases.
By increasing food production
the world-wide use of DDT, and later anti-pest treatments.
the invention of high-yielding varieties of crops and later, genetically-engineered crops.
"Humans are 10,000 times more common than we should be, according to the rules of the animal kingdom, and we have agriculture to thank for that.
Without farming, the world population would probably have reached half a million by now".
Against this background, the reduction in fertility has had little effect, except perhaps in China.
The use of the contraceptive pill has transformed the lives of women in rich countries, but has made little impact in poor ones.
The recent rapid increase in human population over the past two centuries has raised concerns that humans are beginning to overpopulate the Earth.
The planet may not be able to sustain larger numbers of people.
The population has been growing since the end of the Black Death, around the year 1400.
At the beginning of the 19th century, it had reached roughly 1,000,000,000 (one billion).
Rapid population growth occurred all over the world, especially after World War II.
By 1960, the world population had reached 3 billion, and it doubled to 6 billion over the next four decades.
As of 2011, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.10%, down from a peak of 2.2% in 1963, and the world population stood at roughly 6.9 billion.
In 2014, it is over seven billion.
The scientific consensus is that the present population growth and increase in use of resources is a threat to the ecosystem.
The InterAcademy Panel Statement on Population Growth called the growth in human numbers "unprecedented", and stated that many environmental problems, such as rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, global warming, and pollution, were made worse by the population expansion.
At the time, the world population stood at 5.5 billion, and optimistic scenarios predicted a peak of 7.8 billion by 2050, a number that current estimates show will be reached around 2030.
Loss of forests
What were forests have often been turned into farmland.
In so doing many species of animals and plants are wiped out, and the CO2 levels in the atmosphere goes up.
This is a direct consequence of human population increase.
Potential solutions
The solutions usually suggested are better education and widespread free contraception (birth control).
Many pregnancies are unplanned (40%) or unwanted.
There are powerful forces working against birth control.
Religious and traditional beliefs often favor large families.
Few governments have tackled the problem seriously.
Others have proposed that since human population size and carrying capacity depends on the amount of food available, like other species, a good method would be to control food production and produce food only for how much is needed rather than more than needed in order to stop birthrates.
For example, Peter Farb, an anthropologist, ecologist and naturalist stated "Intensification of production to feed an increased population leads to a still greater increase in population."
Pan Earth (overpopulation website)
The story of B. The Great Forgetting (book outline with explanation by Daniel Clarence Quinn)
Population Institute of Canada
Bismuth(III) iodide, also known as bismuth triiodide, is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is BiI3.
It has bismuth and iodide ions in it.
Bismuth(III) iodide is a dark gray solid.
It is sometimes pale yellow, though.
It reacts with other iodides to make iodobismuth(III) ions, BiI52-.
It is made by reacting bismuth powder with iodine.
It is also made by reacting bismuth(III) oxide with hydroiodic acid.
It can also be made by reacting bismuth(III) chloride with any iodide such as potassium iodide.
It was used in a test for bismuth ions.
Bismuth ions form a dark gray precipitate when reacted with potassium iodide because bismuth(III) iodide was made.
Bismuth(III) oxide, also known as bismite and bismuth trioxide, is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is Bi2O3.
It has bismuth and oxide ions in it.
Bismuth(III) oxide is a pale yellow solid.
It dissolves in acids to make other bismuth(III) salts.
When it is electrolyzed, it makes a bright red solid, bismuth(V) oxide.
It has several different crystal structures that have been studied.
It reacts with rare earth metal oxides and the products are being studied.
Bismite is the mineral form of bismuth(III) oxide.
It is an ore of bismuth.
Its Mohs hardness is 4.5 to 5 and its specific gravity is quite high, around 8 or 9.
It is made when bismuthinite is oxidized.
It was first found in Nevada in 1868.
It can be made by reacting sodium hydroxide with a bismuth(III) salt such as bismuth(III) chloride.
It can also be made by igniting powdered bismuth metal.
Another way of making it is to react bismuth nitrate (made by dissolving bismuth in nitric acid) with concentrated sodium hydroxide.
Bismuth(III) oxide is used in pyrotechnics to make fireworks that burn with an effect called "dragon's eggs".
Lead(II,IV) oxide was used for this in the past, but now is considered too toxic to use.
It is also used in research and the making of other bismuth compounds.
Pharmacoepidemiology studies the use and effects of drugs on large groups of people and patients.
It assesses probability of beneficial and adverse effects, and risks for humans while using a particular drug.
Pharmacoepidemiology bridges pharmacology and epidemiology and borrows their methodology from both of them.
It uses descriptive epidemiological method by describing exposure to a drug and by calculating rates, e.g., incidence and prevalence.
Such descriptive method generates hypothesis about influence of the drug, but does not test it.
Pharmacoepidemiology also uses analytic epidemiological method by means of observation (case-control and cohort studies) and experimentation (clinical trial).
The analytic study compares an exposed group with a control group and serves as testing of the hypothesis.
Pharmacoepidemiology provides pharmacovigilance, the later is a type of continual monitoring of unwanted effects and other safety-related aspects of drugs in current growing integrating markets.
Pharmacovigilance is conducted by spontaneous reporting systems through health care professionals and others which report adverse drug reactions to the central agency.
The central agency combines reports from many sources to produce a more informative profile for drug products.
Tufa is a porous variety of limestone.
It is formed by the precipitation of carbonate minerals from water at normal temperatures.
The Renault Espace is an MPV produced by Renault since 1984.
It is available with up to seven seats and with 4- and 6-cylinder petrol and diesel engines.
The Espace was Europes first MPV and debuted shortly after the Dodge Caravan in the US.
The first generation was made from 1984 to 1991.
The second generation was made between 1991 and 1996.
The third generation was made from 1996 to 2002 and was the first to offer a bigger version called the Grand Espace.
The fourth generation was the longest running model sold between 2002 and 2014 and received facelifts in 2006 and 2012.
It is currently in its fifth generation launched in early 2015 but this version is not sold in the UK with right-hand drive.
Grey's Anatomy is an American television series.
It is a story about surgeons in Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital (previously Seattle Grace-Mercy West Hospital) ( which was previously Seattle Grace Hospital).
It was created by Shonda Rhimes.
It has been on ABC since March 2005.
About the series
This successful television series is about hardworking doctors at a Seattle hospital, who work to heal many patients.
They do surgery,  and every case has its difficulties and problems.
Through this hectic life, they develop friendships and even sometimes love.
The show was created by Shonda Rhimes.
The American show has mainly been filmed in Los Angeles, California and has been presented by the popular television producer ABC (American Broadcasting Company).
The series has had much success, including 13 seasons.
It started on March 27th, 2005.
The TV show won a Golden Globe Award in 2007 for the best dramatic TV series and it also has been awarded two nominations at the Emmy Awards for the same reason.
This dramatic medical comedy has been produced in many languages and many countries, like Belgium, France and Switzerland.
Grey’s Anatomy got its name from a textbook by Henry Gray, written in 1858, which reached its 40th edition in 2008.
The title of the text is Anatomy of the Human Body.
It has many surgical applications, and is a medicinal classic of the human anatomy.
Answers website: "Henry Gray"
Ian Kevin Curtis (15 July 1956 – 18 May 1980) was the singer of the post-punk band Joy Division.
He was born in Stretford, Lancashire and grew up in Macclesfield, Cheshire.
He suffered with epilepsy and committed suicide by hanging in Macclesfield in May 1980, aged 23, after the illness became severe.
After this Joy Division broke up.
In 2007 Control, a film about Curtis' life, was released.
It made $8,159,508 and won five British Independent Film Awards.
In ecology, the carrying capacity of an environment is the number of organisms of a particular species that can live there depending on the amount of resources it has.
If too many organisms live in an environment, it is called overpopulation.
The carrying capacity of an environment can change, and humans can have an effect on the carrying capacity.
For example, agriculture and irrigation allow feeding more people; meaning the human carrying capacity is increased.
Gordon Freeman is the main hero of the Half-Life video game series.
He is a theoretical physicist from MIT.
During the series, Gordon must win in hard situations, often without backup.
To try to make the game more belivable, the character never speaks, and there are no cut scenes, all action is seen as if the player was Gordon, with the player being in control of Gordon's actions at nearly all times.
The character is seen first as a theoretical physicist working at Black Mesa Research Facility and working in an experiment which accidentally opens an portal, releasing confused, harmful aliens into Black Mesa.
In the first Half-Life,Gordon Freeman, fights through the facility with other workers, fighting the aliens as well as a military unit sent in to stop the incident and silence any surviving witnesses.
In the second game, Half-Life 2, Gordon is introduced to a military world years after the Black Mesa incident, along with a force known as the Combine that took over the world.