the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The word primula is the Latin feminine diminutive of primus, meaning first (prime), applied to flowers that are among the first to open in spring.
Some flowering forms of (cultivated) Primula are commonly known as polyanthus (P. elatior hybrids) as opposite to primrose (P. vulgaris hybrids).
The common primrose, Primula vulgaris, shows heterostyly.
This is a type of morphism with flower forms which differ in the lengths of the pistil and stamens.
The morph phenotype is genetically closely linked to genes responsible for a system of self-incompatibility.
That means the pollen from a flower on one morph cannot fertilize another flower of the same morph.
In one morph (termed 'pin') the stamens are short and the pistils are long; in the second morph (termed 'thrum') the stamens are long and the pistils are short.
The length of the pistil in one morph equals the length of the stamens in the second morph, and vice versa.
The system prevents self-fertilisation.
The Protura are an order of hexapod animals.
They are sometimes called coneheads
Luciano Moggi (born July 10, 1937 in Siena) is an Italian football managing director.
He was the general director of Juventus F.C. from 1994 until May 2006.
He was one of the most successful football managing directors.
1979-1980: Roma
1980-1982: Lazio
1982-1987: Torino
1987-1991: Napoli
1991-1993: Torino
1993-1994: Roma
1994-2006: Juventus
The Battle of Canton (December 28, 1857 - January 1,1858) was a battle of the Second Opium War.
The French and British attacked the Chinese city of Canton.
The city fell on January 1, 1858 and the Europeans took over.
The Second Opium War was a conflict between England and China.
Other Western countries, including the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Second French Empire helped the English.
The War began after an event called the "Arrow incident."
The English used the incident as an excuse to start the war.
The Second Opium War is sometimes called the "Arrow War."
The English had several goals in the war.
Some of these were:
making opium trading legal
expanding (making bigger) the coolie trade
opening all of China to merchants (people who sell goods)
ending taxes on goods such as tea and silk
In 1856, the Qing Dynasty only let foreign merchants trade in certain cities.
Goods like tea and silk had to be shipped to those trade cities, and were taxed on the way.
The English did not want to pay the extra taxes for shipping things across China.
The Chinese had executed a French missionary named Father August Chapdelaine in Guangxi province.
This made the French very angry.
The French joined the English in fighting the Chinese.
On October 8, 1856, the Chinese arrested 12 crewmembers of a ship named Arrow.
The Chinese authorities believed that the Arrow was smuggling salt.
The Arrow was owned by Chinese people, but it was registered with the British.
Harry Smith Parkes was the British Consul in Canton.
He sent a letter to the Chinese Imperial Commissioner (governor), Ye Mingchen.
Ye replied that the Arrow was a Chinese ship.
He claimed that Parkes and the British had no jurisdiction (no right to interfere.)
Ye offered to return the arrested sailors, but Parkes refused.
Parkes demanded an apology for the insult.
Ye replied there was no need for an apology because there was no insult.
The British decided that the Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue had been broken.
On October 27, 1856, the British Royal Navy attacked Canton.
Battle of Canton (1856)
The first battle of Canton started on October 23, 1856.
Three English warships entered the Bocca Tigris (), the waterway that leads to Canton.
The English captured the forts that were protecting the city.
Ye saw the warships, but did not want to fight them.
He moved his navy back away from the English ships.
On October 25, the English navy surrounded the city.
Ye ordered all trade with the English to stop.
Admiral Michael Seymour, the commander of the British navy, sent Ye a message on October 27.
Seymour demanded that the English be allowed to enter Canton. (
Before this, foreigners could not enter the city itself.
If they wanted to do business or trade they had to do so in the suburbs or harbor.)
Ye did not answer.
Seymour ordered his ships to shoot at the government offices.
Ye made a declaration that he would pay 30 pieces of silver for each English person killed.
Ye still had not answered on October 28.
The English artillery attacked and destroyed the Southern wall of Canton.
English soldiers invaded Ye's yamun (office.)
The soldiers wanted to capture Ye, but they could not find him.
The English occupied (stayed in) Canton for a short while.
They had to leave because they did not have enough soldiers or resources to keep control of the city.
Battle of Canton
When the news was sent to London, the English government had a big argument on whether to wage war against China.
The disagreement passed by 110:146, the proposal (suggestion) was veto (not to agree with the political case).
But the English prime minister Palmerston broke up the House of Commons and restarted the election.
His party won the election, so the policy passed.
The English government ordered (command) Lord Elgin to be a new diplomat with China.
Just in time, the French government said their churchman were killed by the Chinese government.
Because the French minister (a man who says what his country said) always had rejections (to be refused), it joined the English government and sent armies.
English and French armies entered into an alliance (becoming allies and working together).
In the mid of October, 1857.
The English army general had a plan to invade China.
They decided to attack from the south of China, Canton.
They would then proceed to attack along the North of China, and proceed to keep moving towards Peking.
Before they went, the Russian minister advised them that only occupying Canton would not make the Qing dynasty give up, and that the better way to make them give in would be by moving onward to Peking.
However, the English-French armies still stuck with their first decision, which was to attack Canton.
Lord Elgin talked with Seymour and the other generals about their plan to Canton.
They were certain that they could take (to occupy) Canton.
In November.
The English held down the Indian Revolution successfully.
Therefore, they had an army large enough to send towards China.
The alliance army prepared 10,000 soldiers.
In Navy, the English army had 43 warships and the French army had 10 ships.
On December 10, 1857.
Canton was blocked.
On December 12, the alliance army made their last warning to Ye and made several demands that are as followed:
The permission to enter the city of Canton.
Financial compensation for the arrow incident and the murder of the French missionary.
The Qing government should appoint (to send) a new diplomat to discuss about the new treaty.
On December 14, Ye refused them.
After 12 days, The English and French ministers responded by stating that their army are now free to do as they wish.
At the same time, the English naval commander sent messages to Ye.
This time, he demanded the Qing army to retreat 90 miles away from Canton within 2 days.
In the end, Ye still refused.
Over the course of those 2 days, they took no action.
On December 27, which was the day before the battle, Ye sent messages to his king, the Xianfeng Emperor.
He lied to the emperor about their circumstances.
In the letter, he stated that the English had begun to beg for peace, and that they only wanted to trade with China, said Yeh:
In December 28, the war begun.
The alliance army sent troops which consisted of about 5,500 men, 700 French soldiers, and an additional 20 warships.
They landed near Canton and approached the city.
The alliance army opened fire at the governor's office (Yeh's workplace).
The Qing army retreated, but Ye was still sitting on his office and reading the paper.
Fall of Canton
On December 29, the government office finally was destroyed by gunfire.
The wall of Canton was also lost to the war.
Around 2 p.m. in the afternoon.,
the battle ended.
The English-French armies emerged victorious and occupied Canton, and 15 casualties were reported.
On January 5, after the occupation of Canton, Ye was unwilling to leave and was caught in Yamun by the English army.
The English brought Ye on their ship to Kolkata, India.
The Brunts Academy is a secondary school in Mansfield, England.
It is a performing arts college.
The school teaches in drama, music and dance.
It used to be a grammar School and a technical school.
The school started by Samuel Brunts in 1709.
One of its former students, Rebecca Addlington, won two gold medals in the 2008 Summer Olympics.
The Brunts Academy started as primary/first school in 1687.
It had funds of 100 pounds.
This was a large amount of money at the time.
In 1709, Samuel Brunts' will said that he wanted the local children to "learn an Honest Trade" and get a good job.
This led to the Brunts' estate having up with 40 boys and girls learning reading, writing and maths by 1831.
The girls also learned knitting and sewing.
60 years later, the estate and the school were combined.
In 1891, the school was called Brunts Technical School.
In 1830 "Brunts Charity" owned buildings and land in East Bridgford, Nottingham's marketplace and at Claypool in Lincolnshire.
It was the richest of all the charitable organisations in Mansfield in 1832.
A new building was built in 1891.
In 1976, Brunts Grammar School became a secondary/second school.
The school's students come from several schools known as 'the family of schools'.
They include King Edward School, Sutton Road School, St Peter's (C of E) School, High Oakham School and Newgate Primary School.
The school's uniform has a green blazer/jacket.
The school colours are green and gold.
Its logo is a griffin with its back two legs inside a shield.
The shield has Nil Mortalibus Ardui Est around the logo.
This is the school's Latin motto.
It means "nothing is impossible for humankind".
In 2002, there were nearly 1500 students in the school.
Only a small number of the students were aged 16 years or below.
The school gained 57% A-C passes.
Only a small amount of the students did not pass.
This was 5% higher than the England average and 10% better than the United Kingdom average.
The school is known for having a large number of white students compared with the national average.
Nearly all of its students are from England.
Rebecca Adlington, won two Gold Medals in the 2008 Olympic Games
Arthur Bown (1921-1924) Conductor
Mark Bryant - cartoonist/Artist
Sir Richard Leese - Leader of Manchester City Council
Nigel Francis Lightfoot, (1945-) Microbiologist
Jim McGrath, Television commentator
Adrian Metcalfe (1942-) Athlete.
Won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Steve Montador (December 21, 1979 – February 15, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman.
He currently plays for the KHL Medveščak Zagreb of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
He has also played in the OHL for 5 seasons; 2 for the North Bay Centennials, 2 for the Erie Otters and 1 for the Peterborough Petes.
He made his NHL debut with the Calgary Flames during 2001–02 NHL season.
He went on to play 4 seasons with the Calgary Flames before he was traded to the Florida Panthers along with Dustin Johner for Kristian Huselius.
During the 2007-08 offseason he signed as a free agent with the Anaheim Ducks.
He was traded by the Ducks at the trade deadline to the Boston Bruins in exchange for Petteri Nokelainen.
He signed as a free agent with the Buffalo Sabres in the 2008-09 offseason and played 2 seasons with them before signing with the Chicago Blackhawks during the 2010-11 offseason.
He played a season with the Blackhawks and his contract was bought out on June 28, 2013.
The Sea Hawk is a 1924 silent drama movie that was produced and directed by Frank Lloyd.
It was released on June 14, 1924 in North America.
The movie is based on the book The Sea Hawk by Rafael Sabatini.
The movie is based on The Sea Hawk, a novel by Rafael Sabatini.
It premiered on June 2, 1924, in New York City.
Its theatrical debut occurred twelve days later.
A movie with the same title (but an entirely different story) was made in 1940.
It stars Errol Flynn.
The studio spliced some key battle scenes from the 1924 movie into the remake.
The life-sized replicas were considered so well recreated, that Warner Bros repeatedly used them in later nautical films.
The full-sized ship replicas cost the studio $200,000.
The ocean scenes were shot off the coast of California's Catalina Island, with 150 tents set up on the island for housing and support of the movie's 1,000 extras, 21 technicians, 14 actors, and 64 sailors.
At the instigation of his half brother Lionel (Lloyd Hughes), Oliver Tressilian (Milton Sills), a rich baronet, is shanghaied and blamed for the death of Peter Godolphin (Wallace MacDonald), brother of Oliver's fiancée, whom Lionel actually has slain.
At sea Oliver is captured by Spaniards and made a galley slave, but when he escapes to the Moors he becomes Sakr-el-Bahr, the scourge of Christendom.
Learning of Rosamund's (Enid Bennett) impending marriage to his half brother, he kidnaps both of them, but to avoid the risk of giving her to Asad-ed-Din (Frank Currier), the Basha of Algiers, he surrenders to a British ship.
Rosamund intercedes to save his life, and following the death of Lionel they are married.
1924 movies
Movies directed by Frank Lloyd
Epidemic typhus is a disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii.
It is one of the diseases known as Typhus, the other is endemic typhus.
Sometimes it is mistaken for an unrelated disease with a similar name, Typhoid fever.
The disease is spread by lice and fleas.
Without treatment, as many as 60% of people who get the disease could die.
Signs of the disease
Pain in muscles
Eyes sensitive to light
Stupor
Paratyphoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a waterborne disease.
It is caused by the bacterium Salmonella paratyphi.
It is related to typhoid fever, but like typhoid, it is unrelated to typhus.
Fever,
Swelling of the liver or spleen
Slow heart rate.
Pemphigus is an extremly rare skin disease.
It happens because the antibodies attack the skin cells.
It is an autoimmune disease.
It causes blisters and sores on the skin.
There are three types of pemphigus.
Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common type.
It is more common in Ashkenazi Jews.
Albert "Sunnyland Slim" Luandrew (September 5, 1907 – March 17, 1995) was an American blues pianist from the Mississippi delta.
He later went to Chicago where he became one of the most important piano players in Chicago's blues scene.
Sunnyland Slim was one of the most important persons in Chicago blues history, but he really never became a star because he did most of his work as sideman.
He was born on a farm near Vance, Mississippi.
He taught himself to play piano and organ and began playing in a local church when he was 14.
Soon played in juke joints in the whole delta area.
In 1925 he went to Memphis, Tennessee where he played with local musicians like Little Brother Montgomery and Ma Rainey.
There he also got his stage name writing a song about the Sunnyland train which ran between  Memphis and St. Louis, Missouri.
In 1942 he went to Chicago.
As the electric blues began Sunnyland Slim played with blues musicians like  Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Robert Lockwood, Jr., and Little Walter.
Muddy Waters partially owed his recording career at Chess Records to Sunnyland Slim who introduced him to the Chess brothers at his own birthday party.
His first recording was  as a singer with Jump Jackson's band on the Specialty label in September 1946 and his first recording as band leader was in 1947.
Between 1948 and 1956 he recorded for Hytone, Opera, Chance, Tempo-Tone, Mercury, Apollo, JOB, Regal, Vee-Jay (unissued), Blue Lake, Club 51, Cobra.
In 1988 he was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship.
He went on touring and recording till his death in 1995.
1969  Midnight Jump  Beat Goes On
1969  Slim's Got His Thing Goin' on  Sequel
1969  Slim's Shout  Prestige/Original Blues Classics
1971  Depression Blues  Festival Records
1973  Plays Ragtime Blues  BluesWay
1975  Sunnyland Slim & Little Brother Montgomery  77 Records
1977  She Got That Jive  Airway Records
1979  Patience Like Job  Airway Records
1986  Chicago Jump  Evidence
1989  Be Careful How You Vote  Earwig
1991  Live in Europe  Airway Records
1994  Decoration Day  Evidence
1994  Chicago Blues Sessions  Southland (Select-O-Hits)
1995  Live at the D.C. Blues Society  Mapleshade Records
1995  Sunnyland Train  Evidence
1998  She Got a Thing Goin' On  Blind Pig
1999  Smile on My Face  Delmark
2006  Blues Legends Live  Mapleshade Records
Andrew Fetterly Wilkes Krier (born May 9, 1979 in Stanford, California) is an American rock singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, entertainer, and motivational speaker better known by his stage name, Andrew W.K.. He married his ex-wife, Cherie Pourtabib (who is also known as Cherie Lily).
His song "Party Hard" is one of his most famous songs.
Andrew W.K.'s Official website
This list of the most common words in English has been produced by Oxford University Press.
By "words" is meant dictionary head words or lemmas.
It is based on an analysis of a body of over a billion words.
It represents a study done by Oxford Online, associated with the Oxford English Dictionary.
Note that the items listed may represent more than one actual word; they are lemmas.
For instance the entry "be" contains within it the occurrences of "are", "is", "were" and "was".
Note also that these top 100 lemmas listed below account for 50% of all the words in the Oxford English Corpus.
Top 100 words
In parentheses are their position in the overall list.
Some words are not listed here because they can be used as more than one part of speech.
The lists show clearly that 'function' words, like prepositions and connectives, are more common than 'content' words, like nouns, and most verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
Verbs like "to be" have both content and linguistic functions.
St Bartholomew's Church (German: St. Bartholomäuskirche) is a parish church.
It is the town church of Themar in Thuringia.
It is dedicated to St Bartholomew.
It belongs to the most richly equipped churches of the upper valley of the Werra.
It is one of the few buildings of the small town, first mentioned in 796, which outlasted all storms of the time.
The Oberkirche (upper church) at the upper gate and the Unterkirche (lower church) at the Werra were the first places of worship in the place.
Of the Roman Unterkirche there still exist some remainders in the vestry and in both lower floors of the church tower.
Pope Sixtus IV gave permission for the restoration of the church on May 14, 1484 with countess Margaretha von Henneberg intermediating.
On May 3, 1488 the Chorherr (canon regular) of the Premonstratensian monastery Veßra and minister of Themar Antonius König founded the building of today's church.
In 1502 the hall church was completed.
It is in late Gothic style.
The Protestant Reformation was introduced to Themar on October 5, 1544 by the count Ernst von Henneberg.
After the Reformation the church received several smaller carved altars from other churches.
Since 1541 the church building was frequently converted in the course of the next decades.
The barrel vault and the two matroneums were inserted, whose support beams were decorated with beautiful Bartmannsköpfe (sculptures).
Similar sculptures can be found in the churches of Rohr and Herpf near Meiningen.
The Marienaltar
In the choir area there is the valuable Marienaltar (altar of St Mary), which was created by Hans Nußbaum from Bamberg in about 1510.
The altar shows Maria with Jesus as a child in the center, archangel Michael to her side, killing the dragon with his lance, and St Bartholomew, the patron of church and town.
On the side panels of the altar there are stations from the life of St Mary: The announcement to the Virgin Mary, the birth of the Lord, the three Magi and the Lamentation of St. Mary by the apostles.
At the back of the side panels there are paintings of St Barbara, St Dorothy, St Margaret, St Catherine.
On the Predella of the altar is to be seen the Holy Kinship.
Apart from its artistic value the Marienaltar has also great importance for local history: It retained the town church in the Thirty Years' War of being burned down.
After the defeat of Sweden in the battle of Nördlingen (1634) general Johann Ludwig Hektor of Isolani, „the commander of all Croats“, plundered the countries of the Thuringian princes.
On October 16 (Saint Gall's Day) in 1634, Themar was burned down (on the same day as Suhl) after the plundering by the Croats.
The town church would have been burned as well, but a pious Italian officer gave the order to extinguish the fire when it came near to the Marienaltar.
Further carvings and art treasures are: The shrine of the apostles (about 1500).
This is called „Nasenaltar" (nose altar), and is popular because of the expressive faces of the apostles.
At the back of the side panels there is a painting of the Apostelabschied (Great Commission).
At the north wall there is the Wallfahrtsaltar (altar of pilgrimage) one can see the "Hühnchenlegende" (miracle of the chicken) of Santo Domingo de la Calzada (on the way of St James) at the back of a side panel.
At the south wall there are a Pietà altar and a Gothic Mondsichelmadonna, and in the choir area an epitaph in the Renaissance style.
Furthermore, a fresco painting representing St. Catherine, that was detected in 1934, then the richly decorated Schalldeckel (abat-voix, or sounding-board) of the pulpit that dates from 1644 and an Epistelstuhl (reading-desk) likewise from the center of the 17th century and some paintings.
About 1900 stained glass was donated for the windows in the choir area.
The pictures show Biblical scenes: the prodigal or lost son, the Kindersegnung (benediction of children, St. Luke 18, 15-17), the Good Samaritan.
1972 The last renovation of the St Bartholomew's Church was in 1972.
Originally the organ of the town church was set up in 1851 at the east wall of the church nave by the organ-builders Johann Michel and Wilhelm Holland (from Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig).
Three organ stops of the pedal division were taken over from the Weise-organ built in 1629.
In 1866 the organ was moved to the extended second matroneum in the west and renewed and reorganized for the last time in the years 1999/2000 by the company Rösel and Hercher.
From 1668 to 1684 Georg Christoph Bach, the oldest uncle of Johann Sebastian Bach, worked as Kantor at the town church and as a teacher at the Latin school of Themar.
In 1684 he was appointed to Schweinfurt and became the ancestor of the Schweinfurt branch of the Bach family.
The tower
The church tower in Renaissance style contains three bells.
The oldest bell was cast in 1488, another in 1507.
The Bartholomäus bell that was cast in 1520 had to be delivered in 1942.
In 1955 a steel bell was put in instead.
In the church tower there lived a family of tower guards called Rust up to the fifties of the last century.
The three rooms of their flat and the winch which helped to wind up food, water and coal up to the flat are to be still seen there.
Buildings and structures in Thuringia
Beth Hart (born January 24, 1974 in Los Angeles, California) is an American singer.
Her music influences  are rock and blues.
Beth Hart started with playing in LA clubs where she met with bassist Tal Herzberg and guitarist Jimmy Khoury.
In 1993 she created her first album.
Beth Hart is married and currently lives in Los Angeles.
Her band includes lead guitarist Jon Nichols, bassist Tom Lilly, and drummer Todd Wolf.
Beth Hart and the Ocean of Souls (1993, CD re-issue 2009)
Immortal (1996)
Screamin' for My Supper (1999)
Leave the Light On (2003)
Live at Paradiso (2005)
37 Days (2007)
My California (2010)
Don't Explain (2011)
Bang Bang Boom Boom (2012)
"Run" (1996)
"Immortal" (1996)
"Summer Is Gone" (1996)
"God Bless You" (1996)
"Am I The One" (1996)
"LA Song (Out of This Town)" (1999)
"Delicious Surprise" (2000)
"Leave The Light On" (2003)
"World Without You" (2004)
"Learning To Live" (2004) (Denmark single)
"Hiding Under Water" (2005) (European Single)
"Good As It Gets" (2007) (European Single)
"Over You" (2007)
"Like You (And Everyone Else)" 2010 (Scandinavia)
"Learning To Live" 2010 (USA)
"Life Is Calling" 2010 (Europe)
"Love Is The Hardest" 2010 (Scandinavia)
Horse training describes what people do to get horses to do particular tasks.
This includes training them to let people ride on their backs, or to pull carts and wagons.
Horses have to be trained to accept a bridle or a saddle.
Historically, horses were trained for transport, farm work, warfare and sport.
In modern times, sport and recreation are the main reason horses are trained.
There is a lot of argument about horse training.
Some ways are now thought to be cruel, and terms like horse breaking are also out of favour.
Coburg is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
It is about 8km north of the Melbourne central business district.
In 2006 there were 22,772 people living in the suburb.
It is a part of the City of Moreland local government area.
Before European settlement the Coburg area was home to the Indigenous Australian Wurundjeri people.
The area was first surveyed in 1837-8 by Robert Hoddle.
The area was first called Pentridge, after the town of Pentridge, Dorset, England.
In computing, a proxy server  is a server which clients use to access other computers.
A proxy murder is when a person murders on behalf of someone else.
A proxy vote is when a person votes on behalf of someone else, usually occurring in public and private companies requiring votes for decisions.
A web proxy is a server that fetches web pages for a user.
Web proxies often hide your browser history and can bypass local internet restrictions.
Proxy comes from the Latin word procuratio which means to take care of.
An example of this would be an assassin killing for money.
Another example would be a person that convinces someone that loves them to kill another person for them.
Another example was in prisons where criminals in prison would act as the executioner for people sentenced to death.
Lady Betty (1750—1807) was a famous hangwoman and prisoner in the Roscommon Gaol.
The Nazis used proxy killings in World War II when they got prisoners to shoot Jewish prisoners instead of doing it themselves.
The prisoners were told if they did not do it they would be shot as well.
A documentary movie was made in 2009 looking at mass killings in the US.
It is called Murder by Proxy.
They consist of repeated thin layers of iron oxides, either magnetite (Fe3O4) or hematite (Fe2O3), alternating with bands of iron-poor shale and chert.
Some of the oldest known rock formations, formed over 3,700 million years ago (mya), include banded iron layers.
The banded layers are a common feature in sediments for much of the Earth's early history.
Relation to atmospheric oxygenation
The formations are abundant around the time of the Great Oxygenation Event, 2,400 mya.
They become less common after 1,800 mya.
The total amount of oxygen locked up in the banded iron beds is estimated to be perhaps twenty times the volume of oxygen present in the modern atmosphere of Earth.
Banded iron beds are an important commercial source of iron ore, such as the Pilbara region of Western Australia, the Animikie Group in Minnesota and Carajás Mineral Province in Brazil.
The conventional concept is that the banded iron layers were formed in sea water as the result of oxygen released by photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
This combined with dissolved iron in Earth's oceans to form insoluble iron oxides.
These precipitated out, forming a thin layer on the substrate, which may have been anoxic mud (forming shale and chert).
Each band is similar to a varve: the banding is assumed to result from cyclic variations in available oxygen.
It is assumed that the Earth started out with vast amounts of iron dissolved in the world's acidic seas.
Iron is much more soluble than its oxides.
Biggles is a series of young adult adventure books.
It was written by W. E. Johns.
The series is named after the nickname of the main character, James Bigglesworth, who is a pilot and adventurer.
There are around 100 Biggles books in total.
The first Biggles book, The Camels are Coming, was published in 1932 and is a collection of short Biggles stories.
Greenstone belts are large regions of very ancient metamorphosed volcanic rocks.
The name comes from the green colour of the minerals in the rocks.
Chlorite, actinolite and other green amphiboles are the typical green minerals.
Greenstone belts were originally formed of igneous rocks, such as basalt.
The belts formed at ancient oceanic spreading centers and in volcanic island arcs.
They may be several thousand kilometres long.
Later, they were metamophosed, with minor sedimentary rocks in-between the volcanic formations.
A craton is the oldest part of a continental plate.
It is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere.
After surviving cycles of merging and rifting of continents, cratons are usually found in the interiors of tectonic plates.
They are composed of ancient crystalline basement rock, which may be covered by younger sedimentary rock.
They have a thick crust and deep roots that extend as much as several hundred kilometers into the Earth's mantle.
The term craton is used to distinguish the stable portion of the continental crust from regions that are more geologically active and unstable.
Cratons can be described as shields, in which the basement rock crops out at the surface, and platforms, in which the basement is overlain by sediments and sedimentary rock.
Cratons are subdivided geographically into geologic provinces.
A geologic province is an area with common geologic properties.
Petrology is a type of geology.
It is concerned with rocks, how they form, and how they are used.
It is between mineralogy, which is concerned with the minerals, in rocks, and geology, which tries to put rocks into a larger context.
He was in northern Gaul in late 270 or early 271 AD.
He struck gold coins to advertise his claim to the throne.
This claimant did not survive the year.
He is mentioned by the Byzantine historian Zosimus and also in the Historia Augusta, a collection of biographies.
Aurelian () came from the Balkans, part of the Roman Empire.
He was a soldier in the Roman army when the emperor Claudius Gothicus promoted him to high rank.
When Claudius died, his army chose Aurelian as the next emperor.
Aurelian overcame a number of rebellions.
His armies overcame the armies of the Gallic Empire and the Palmyrene Empire (two Roman states that formed during the Crisis of the Third Century).
Aurelian joined the Roman Empire into one state again, and this was the beginning of the end of the Crisis of the Third Century.
While he was emperor, Aurelian overcame the armies of several groups of barbarians – the Goths, Vandals, Juthungi, Sarmatians, and Carpi.
Aurelian increased the importance the god Sol Invictus in Roman religion and he built a temple for the god in the city of Rome.
For the first time in many centuries, Rome needed a defensive wall to keep out enemies who might attack it.
Aurelian's government started to build the Aurelian Walls around Rome.
Aurelian's wife, Ulpia Severina, was his  (empress) after summer 274.
Aurelian was murdered by some of his soldiers in autumn 275.
The Calendar of Philocalus and the Greek historian John Malalas say that Aurelian was born on the 9 September 214.
Aurelian was probably not from the nobility.
Aurelian was a soldier.
He was  (a general officer with a high rank) when Claudius Gothicus was emperor.
Claudius Gothicus died in Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) in September 270 (or on 30 August).
270–272
Aurelian became emperor at Sirmium in September 270.
Then Aurelian's army overcame Quintillus's army in a battle at Aquileia. (
Quintillus was the emperor and the brother of Claudius Gothicus, the previous emperor.)
Latin histories (the Epitome de Caesaribus and the work of Eutropius) say that Aurelian was emperor for five years and six months.
This means that Aurelian may have started a rebellion against Claudius in February or March 270.
However, this is not in the Roman histories.
The Roman calendar had a festival for the anniversary of Aurelian's accession as emperor.
It was on the day that Claudius Gothicus died.
For the first winter (270–271) of his reign, Aurelian was in Rome.
Felicissimus, a rationalis (an official in the mint) in Rome started a rebellion in the city, possibly in this first winter.
Felicissimus did not have success.
In 271 Aurelian was Roman consul for the first time.
That year, he undertook military campaigns against the Vandals, Juthungi, and Sarmatians.
Aurelian got the name  because of his victories over Germanic peoples.
He was again in Rome for his second winter (271–272) as emperor.
It was at this time that the Romans began to build new defensive walls around the city: the Aurelian Walls.
The Greek historian Zosimus wrote that at some time in 271 or 272, Aurelian overcame a rebellion by Domitianus.
Zosimus also wrote that around the same time, Aurelian overcame another rebellion by Urbanus.
Both Zosimus and the Epitome de Caesaribus write that Septimius started another rebellion in Dalmatia.
Septimius's own soldiers killed him.
272–273
In 272, Aurelian moved to the eastern Roman Empire.
He fought against the Goths in the Balkans.
Aurelian got the name  because of his victories over the Goths.
Aurelian ordered that Roman Dacia should be evacuated, and the Romans gave him the unofficial name of .
Then he moved further east and overcame Zenobia in war.
Aurelian took control of Palmyra in summer 272.
Because of his victories in the east – against the Persians, in Arabia, and at Palmyra – Aurelian got the names  (or ); ; and .
From 272, Aurelian also had the title .
The writing of the Justinianic Code makes it possible that Aurelian was in Byzantium during winter 272–273.
273–275
In 273 Aurelian fought a war against the Carpi.
His victories meant that Aurelian got the name .
That year, Aurelian also fought a second campaign against the armies of Palmyra.
The Historia Augusta (a Latin history) says that during 273, Firmus, a rich man from Seleucia Pieria, started a rebellion against Aurelian.
Firmus did not say that he was the emperor.
His rebellion did not have success.
The Greek historian Zosimus writes that Aurelian held a triumph in Rome to celebrate his victories.
In 274, Aurelian was Roman consul for the second time.
In the middle of 274, Aurelian overcame the armies of Tetricus.
At this Tetricus's rebel Gallic Empire came to its end.
The writings of Aurelius Victor say that in autumn that year Aurelian held another Roman triumph.
The Romans called Aurelian .
That year, probably on the 29 August 274, Aurelian's wife Ulpia Severina became augusta (empress).
In the same year, Aurelian dedicated the new Temple of the Sun in Rome to the god Sol Invictus, possibly on 25 December, the winter solstice.
Aurelian was Roman consul for the third time in 275.
In 275, Aurelian set out through Gaul and passed Vindelicia on his way to the Roman lands around the Danube.
On his way east in September 275 (or possibly in October), soldiers in Aurelian's army killed Aurelian at Caenophrurium.
Caenophrurium was a place between Perinthus and Byzantium in Roman Thracia.
There may have been a damnatio memoriae on Aurelian: his name was removed from some inscriptions.
However, the Romans later deified Aurelian (making him into a god).
He got a new name in .
Aurelian's wife, the augusta Ulpia Severina, may have been in control of the government until Marcus Claudius Tacitus became emperor.
Aurelian and Ulpia Severina married at an unknown date.
She was the daughter of a man named Ulpius Crinitus.
The Historia Augusta says that Aurelian and Ulpia Severina had a daughter together.
After 29 August 274, Ulpia Severina became augusta (empress) and had the Latin title: .
When Ulpia Severina died is unknown.
Aurelian had a sister.
She is in the Latin histories (the Historia Augusta, Eutropius, and the Epitome de Caesaribus) but her name is unknown.
210s births
270s deaths
Tacitus () was probably born around 200.
He may have come from Interamna (Terni, Italy).
Tacitus was a politician from the Roman nobility.
He was a member of the Roman Senate.
He may have been the leader of the senate ().
Some time before 273, long before he was emperor, Tacitus was Roman consul.
On his way east in September 275 (or possibly in October), the emperor Aurelian was murdered by his own soldiers in Roman Thracia.
Aurelian's wife, the augusta Ulpia Severina, may have been in control of the government until Tacitus became emperor.
The Greek historian Zonaras wrote that the Roman army chose Tacitus as their emperor.
This happened in about November or December 275, while Tacitus was in Campania.
The Historia Augusta (a Latin history) says that the Roman Senate chose Tacitus as their emperor.
This is probably not correct.
Tacitus was Roman consul for the second time in 276.
Tacitus travelled to Asia Minor that year.
In the same year, his armies overcame the Goths in a war.
In early summer 276 Tacitus got the name  because of his success against the Goths.
Tacitus probably died in July 276.
The Historia Augusta says that Tacitus was murdered at Tyana in Cappadocia (Kemerhisar, Turkey).
The Historia Augusta also says that Tacitus had a cenotaph at Interamna (Terni, Italy).
Tacitus was not deified (made into a god) but neither did he get damnatio memoriae.
The Historia Augusta says that Tacitus had a half-brother, Florianus.
Tacitus and Florian had the same mother, but different fathers.
This information may not be correct.
The Historia Augusta says that Tacitus had a wife and a number of sons.
Their names are unknown and this information may not be correct.
The Historia Augusta says that the emperor Marcus Claudius Tacitus was from the same family as the Latin historian Cornelius Tacitus. (
The historian Tacitus lived in the 1st century AD.)
The Historia Augusta is not correct.
In truth, the two men were not from the same family.
The Historia Augusta also says that the emperor Tacitus's full name in .
In truth, the emperor's name was .
200s births
A plutino is an object in outer space that has an orbit like Pluto's orbit.
Plutinos are about 39 or 40 AU from the Sun.
Weintraub, David.
Is Pluto a Planet?
Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press; 2007.
Discovery Family (formerly Discovery Kids, The Hub, and the  Hub Network) is a Digital cable  and satellite television television network in the United States.
Discovery Family replaced the Hub Network, the Hub, and Discovery Kids and has a joint venture of both Discovery Communications, Inc. and Hasbro.
The headquarters for the television channel is in Silver Spring, Maryland.
The Hub (later became the Hub Network) launched at 10:00 am ET (9:00 am CT) on October 16, 2010 and took over the Discovery Kids channel space after a final marathon of Kenny the Shark.
The very first program aired on The Hub was The Twisted Whiskers Show.
The channel is 40% owned by Hasbro and 60% owned by Discovery Communications, Inc.
Discovery Family tried to advertise towards children and their families by offering a range of content to choose from.
These include history, science, food and family living.
Movies air as well.
The channel maintained some of the Hub's content until it slowly went away.
Also, My Little Pony, however, has stayed on the channel.
Discovery Family's Official Website
Mighty Joe Young is an 1998 adventure movie that was produced by Ted Hartley and Tom Jacobson and was directed by Ron Underwood.
Mighty Joe Young was released on December 25, 1998 in North America.
The movie received mixed reviews with a 54% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
It was a remake of the 1949 film, Mighty Joe Young.
The movie turned out to be a box office bomb grossing $50,632,037 with a budget of $90,000,000.
Bill Paxton as Professor Gregory "Gregg" O'Hara
Charlize Theron as Jill Young
John Alexander as Mighty Joe Young
Rade Serbedzija as Andrei Strasser
Regina King as Cecily Banks
Peter Firth as Garth-Strasser's right-hand man.
Naveen Andrews as Pindi-Gregg O'Hara's guide in Africa.
David Paymer as Harry Ruben
Robert Wisdom as Kweli
Christian Clemenson as Jack
Geoffrey Blake as Vern
Lawrence Pressman as Dr. Elliot Baker
Linda Purl as Dr. Ruth Young
Mika Boorem as Young Jill Young
Cory Buck as Jason
Liz Georges as Jason's Mother
Ray Harryhausen as Gentleman at Party
Terry Moore as Elegant Woman at Party
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterium in the genus Klebsiella.
It is a major cause of pneumonia, found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines.
Like other Proteobacteria, it is gram negative.
Thiotrichales is a large order of Bacteria.
That includes Francisella tularensis in the cause of Tularemia and Thiomargarita nambiensis, the largest known bacterium.
Vibrio cholerae is a bacterium causing the disease cholera.
It is part of the genus Vibrio, in the family Vibrionaceae.
Like all Proteobacteria, it is gram negative.
V. cholerae
Verbena is a genus of plants in the family Verbenaceae.
The type species is vervain, which grows in Europe.
Some verbenas are considered weeds.
It should not be confused with the related Lantana, commonly called shrub Verbena
is a 2005 family comedy road trip movie that was produced by Matt Alvarez, Ice Cube and Dan Kolsrud and was directed by Brian Levant.
was released on January 21, 2005 in North America.
The movie received negative reviews with a 12% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
A sequel for the movie was released in  2007 called Are We Done Yet?.
Ice Cube as Nicholas "Nick" Persons
Nia Long as Suzanne Kingston
M. C. Gainey as Al Buck (known as "Big Al")
Aleisha Allen as Lindsey Kingston
Philip Daniel Bolden as Kevin Kingston
Jay Mohr as Marty
Tracy Morgan as Satch the Bobblehead (voice)
C. Ernst Harth as Ernst
Nichelle Nichols as Miss Mable
Henry Simmons as Frank Kingston
is a 2007 family comedy movie that was produced by Ice Cube, Matt Alvarez, Ted Hartley and Todd Garner and was directed by Steve Carr.
was released on April 4, 2007 in North America.
The movie received negative reviews with a 8% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
It was the sequel to the 2005 movie Are We There Yet?
and is a remake of the movie Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House.
Ice Cube as Nick Persons
Nia Long as Suzanne Persons (née Kingston)
John C. McGinley as Chuck Mitchell Jr.
Aleisha Allen as Lindsey Persons
Philip Daniel Bolden as Kevin Persons
Tahj Mowry as Danny Pulu
Dan Joffre as Billy Pulu
Pedro Miguel Arce as Georgie Pulu
Linda Kash as Mrs. Rooney
Hayes MacArthur as Jimmy the Bartender
Earvin "Magic" Johnson as Himself
Colin Strange as Colin Persons
Gavin Strange as Ty Persons
Jonathan Katz as Mr. Rooney
's Official website
Greater Noida (GN) (, , pronunciation: Baṛa Nōēḍā) is in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the north Indian state of  Uttar Pradesh (UP).
It is under the control of the National Capital Region (NCR) of India.
It is about  south-east of New Delhi and about  south-east of Noida, one of the largest industrial townships in Asia.
The development of Greater Noida is managed by the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA).
Greater Noida is a fast growing region.
In the early 1980s, Delhi was growing at a rapid rate.
The Government of India planned to develop two new areas around the capital.
These residential and industrial areas would reduce the burden on the capital.
The two areas were Gurgaon and Noida.
Noida's infrastructure and utilities was carefully designed.
With the large growth of the Indian economy in the 1990s, Noida became overcrowded.
The government of Uttar Pradesh decided to incorporate the city of Greater Noida.
This would be an extension to Noida.
The planning of Greater Noida would be improved from what was learned in Noida.
Greater Noida is a planned township.
Roads are wide with service lanes for every major road.
All cabling and utilities are run underground.
The Buddh International Circuit is currently under construction.
It is scheduled to open in 2011.
It will host the Indian Grand Prix, a new race to the Formula One schedule.
This will be the first F1 race in India.
Buddh International Circuit, location of the Formula One Indian Grand Prix
Kailash Hospital
ITS Dental Hospital
Sharda Hospital
Shashi Dental Care,B-104 Alpha 1
Yatarth Hospital Near Sector P-3
Sehdev Hospital Nead Sector P-3
Navin Hospital
Bakson homoeopathic medical college and hospital
Noida International University
Sharda University
Engineering Colleges
Skyline Institute of Engineering & Technology (SIET)
Greater Noida Institute of Technology(GNIT)
Priyadarshini College of Computer Sciences
College of Engineering and Technology-IILM-AHL (CET-IILM-AHL)
ITS college of engineering
Galgotias Collage of Engineering & Technology
IEC College of Engineering
Alpine College of Engineering
G.L.Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management (GLBITM)
Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology
United College of Engineering & Research
DIT School of Engineering
Sliver is a 1993 American erotic thriller movie.
It stars Sharon Stone and William Baldwin.
The movie is focused on mysterious things that happen in a privately owned Manhattan highrise apartment complex.
Sliver got bad movie reviews, although it did well at the box office.
1990s psychological movies
William Baldwin (born February 21, 1963) is an American actor, writer and producer.
His movies include Internal Affairs (1990), Flatliners (1990) and Backdraft (1991).
He has also acted in many television programs and movies.
The green sulfur bacteria are a family of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria.
A war novel is a novel that takes place during some form of fighting.
In these books, the primary action happens during armed combat.
Other war novels take place on the home front.
The characters may be busy getting ready for or recovering from war.
It is sometimes called military fiction.
There have been war novels and other stories about war for many thousands of years.
In Ancient Greece and Rome and the Middle Ages, people wrote epic poems about the glory of war.
Some of the most famous epic poems are The Iliad by Homer, The Aeneid by Virgil, the Old English saga Beowulf, and the legends of King Arthur.
Another important influence of war novels are tragedies (plays about human suffering.)
Euripides, Seneca the Younger, Christopher Marlowe, and William Shakespeare wrote plays that are important influences on war novels.
Shakespeare's play Henry V has many features of a war novel.
It has history and military tactics, and it talks about the ethics of war.
The genres of romance and satire are also important.
These works, especially in Early Modern Europe, show military heroism and folly (foolishness).
Some important examples are The Faerie Queen by Edmund Spenser and Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes.
The themes and symbols found in modern war novels are also influenced by older works.
In The Inferno, Dante described Hell in a way that is very close to how war is described in war novels.
Other influences are John Milton's Paradise Lost and the Apocalypse in the Book of Revelation in the Bible.
The first war novels were from the 1600s.
At that time fiction novels written in prose (instead of poetry) were becoming popular.
These early war novels were usually satires and picaresque novels.
The soldier was usually a rogue and not very realistic.
One example is Simplicissimus by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen.
Simplicissimus is a semi-autobiographical novel (based on the author's life) about the Thirty Years' War.
19th century war novels
Influential war novels from this time include Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, about the Napoleonic Wars in Russia, and Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage, about the American Civil War.
World War I and after
War novels from this time included the experiences of trench warfare, but also began to tell the stories of what happened at home during the war.
Many novels were written about the war.
Writers were from countries on all sides of the conflict.
One of the first and most influential of these was the 1916 novel Le Feu (or Under Fire) by the French novelist and soldier Henri Barbusse.
The 1920s saw the so-called "war book boom," during which many men who had fought during the war were finally ready to write openly and critically about their war experiences.
In 1929, Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front was a massive, worldwide bestseller.