the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Buk blong mi - My book.
Bambae mi wantem bia - I will want beer.
Between the 1870s and the 1880s, hundreds of thousands of Pacific islanders (many of them from the New Hebrides) were forced to work on plantations, mainly in the state of Queensland, Australia, and Fiji.
A pidgin was formed out of the several languages spoken in these plantations.
It combined English vocabulary with the grammar from the languages of the region.
This early plantation pidgin was the origin of Bislama, Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea and Pijin from the Solomon Islands.
This creole started spreading throughout the Vanuatu archipelago at the turn of the 20th century.
Because there are 113 languages spoken in Vanuatu, Bislama serves as a lingua franca for communication.
The first dictionary of Bislama was published in 1995.
Its second edition was published in 2004.
This has helped to create a standardised and uniform spelling of written Bislama.
Besides Bislama, most ni-Vanuatu also know their local language.
The country's official languages used for education are English and French.
Two frequent words in Bislama are "long" and "blong", which take the place of many prepositions in English.
"Long"
Long as 'next to', 'by', 'beside' etc.
Stoa long haos The store next to the house.
long as 'at' or 'to'
Mi bin stap long ples ia bifo I have been to this place before.
Mi stap long stoa I am at the store.
long as 'in'
Jea long haos The chair in the house.
Long has many other related meanings, and is sometimes used in improvisation.
"Blong"
Originally from the English word "belong", blong takes the place of 'of' or the genitive case in other languages.
Just like of in English, it is one of the most widely used and versatile words in the language, and can indicate possession, country of origin, defining characteristics, intention, and others.
Buk blong mi The book that belongs to me, my book
Man blong Amerika Man from America, American.
Hemi woman blong saiens She is a woman of science, She is a scientist.
Man blong dring Man of drinking i.e. a drinker
Bislama languages resources, dictionary, translator, translaters, online training
Bislama spelling dictionary for Microsoft Word
Bislama Spelling Dictionary compiled by Daryl Moon (.pdf)
Bislama language A guide to speaking Bislama; dictionaries English-Bislama and Bislama-English
Bislama (Vanuatu) written by Terry Crowley Background (history, attitudes and use), vocabulary, sounds, grammar
Tariq Said Ramadan (born 26 September 1962 in Geneva, Switzerland) is a Swiss Muslim academic and theologian.
He thinks Islamic texts should be studied.
He also thinks that Islamic society today is different from what it was when  the Koran was written.
He therefore says that Muslims living in Europe need to adapt and change Islam, so they can contribute its values to a European society.
In November 2017, multiple women accused Ramadan of rape.
On 31 January 2018, Ramadan was taken into custody by French police.
After two days of questioning, he was formally charged with two counts of rape and ordered to remain in custody.
Unterschleißheim (Central Bavarian: Untaschleißheim) is a town in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.
Baierbrunn (Central Bavarian: Baiabrunn) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.
Fitna is a short movie by Dutch politician Geert Wilders.
The movie shows the motivation of Islam in relation to terrorism and Islam in the Netherlands.
On March 27, 2008, the movie was released on the Internet, at a video sharing site named liveleak (similar to YouTube).
The next day the movie was removed by liveleak as the staff received threats.
2008 movies
Geert Wilders  (born 6 September 1963) is a Dutch right-wing populist and nationalist  politician, born in Venlo.
He is a member of the Dutch Parliament.
He joined the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy first, and in 2006 created and has become the leader for the Party for Freedom.
He began working as an assistant (helper) for Frits Bolkestein in 1990.
In September 2004, he left People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD in Dutch, the language spoken in the Netherlands).
After that he made his own party named Groep Wilders.
Later he changed the name to Partij voor de Vrijheid (Party for Freedom or PVV).
Fitna is a short movie made by Wilders.
It was released on the Internet on 27 March 2008.
Wilders' goal was to show people what he thinks about Islamization, using this movie.
Wilders on the Party for Freedom website
Geert Wilders Weblog
Independent politicians in the Netherlands
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Party for Freedom politicians
People from Venlo
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from Limburg (Netherlands)
Writers from Limburg (Netherlands)
The Cessna 182, marketed under the name Skylane, is a four-seat, single-engine, light airplane.
Asparagus is a large genus of flowering plants with over 300 different species.
Some of the plants are grown as ornamental plants.
One of these is the "asparagus fern", Asparagus setaceus, which is not a real fern.
The best known plant in this group is Asparagus officinalis, which is grown as a vegetable, and is usually eaten in spring.
Asparagus was one of the plants which Carl von Linné showed in his work Species Plantarum.
A. officinalis is used as its type species.
They are known to make urine smellier.
The names of different kinds of Asparagus
Father Armand David (Espelette September 27, 1826 near Bayonne –November 10, 1900 in Paris) was a Lazarist missionary Catholic priest as well as a zoologist and a botanist.
He discovered many new species in China.
The best-known of the animals he discovered are the Giant Panda and the Père David's Deer and the Dove tree, Davidia involucrata
French botanists
French zoologists
Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) is a species of deer.
It is also known as Milu (麋鹿) in Chinese.
In the past it went extinct in the wild and existed only in captivity.
However, it has been reintroduced to the wild in some areas.
It likes marshland, and is believed to be native to the subtropics.
It eats a mixture of grass and water plants.
Adults weigh between  and .
They have a nine-month gestation period, and one or two fawns are born at a time.
They reach maturity at about 14 months, and have been known to reach the age of 23 years.
Père David's deer has a long tail, wide hooves, and branched antlers.
Adults have summer coats that are bright red with a dark dorsal stripe, and dark gray winter coats.
The fawns are spotted.
This species of deer is native to China.
By the late 19th century, the deer had become extinct in the wild.
The only remaining herd belonged to the was Chinese emperor.
He kept the deer in a royal hunting park in the southern part of Beijing.
In 1895, a flood washed away part of the wall and some of the deer escaped.
Most of these were then killed and eaten by the local population.
This left fewer than 30 deer left in the park.
Then in 1900, the park was occupied by German and Japanese soldiers during the Boxer Rebellion.
These killed and ate the remaining deer.
This left the deer nearly extinct in China.
The last known deer in the wild in China was shot in 1939 near the Yellow Sea.
A few animals had been taken illegally to Europen countries to be put on show.
In 1900, Herbrand Russell was determined to save the deer.
He bought all that remained in captivity in Europe and brought them to Woburn Abbey, England.
The deer survived through both World Wars due to the efforts of Russell and his son, Hastings.
The current world population comes from this herd, and can be found in zoos around the world.
The deer began to be reintroduced in the wild in 1985, with a herd of 20 deer.
These were placed in Nan Haizi Milu Park, Beijing, and Dafeng Reserve, Jiangsu Province, China.
Other herds were added in 1986 and 1987.
By 2005, the wild population had increased to about 2,000.
Listed as Critically Endangered (CR D v2.3)
Robert Twigger, The Extinction Club (William Morrow, 2001).
This is an account of the author's research into the Milu.
Père David's Deer at Animal Diversity Web
The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method of solving systems of differential equations.
They are used extensively in many fields of engineering because they require very little knowledge of mathematics beyond basic algebra to use.
It belongs to the Methods of Weighted residuals in that the problem is formulated such that some conditions are satisfied exactly, while others are satisfied only approximately or numerically (i.e., the "residual" being the difference between the exact solution and the approximate solution is weighted and minimized to get the best approximation).
While the ease of setting up a problem using finite elements and getting a solution is the reason for its popularity, it is also the cause of its frequent misuse and distrust of the answers obtained.
Usually you have to check your results with an experiment before your model is acceptable for use.
It is the author's observation that the use of finite elements in structural analysis is in particular poorly managed.
Engineers typically begin working with FEM having very little knowledge of numerical methods or knowledge of finite element behavior.
There are no standards and guidelines for modeling and few managers who understand well enough to regulate modeling.
It has led to mistrust of the method, its arrested development, and some very bad analysis being performed that is copied by others.
Much aircraft structural design is analyzed using FEM.
Sipoo (, ) is a municipality in Uusimaa, Finland.
Sipoo had over 19,000 residents in the end of 2014.
Neighbouring municipalities are Helsinki, Vantaa, Kerava, Tuusula, Järvenpää, Porvoo, Pornainen and Mäntsälä.
The area of Sipoo is .
The tax level of Sipoo is 18.75%.
The leader of the municipality is Mikael Grannas.
Some villages
Söderkulla is a local centre in the Southern Sipoo.
There is an elementary school and many sports places as well as the haven there.
Centre village
The centre of Sipoo is Nikkilä.
There are several stores, bars and restaurants as well as many services in Nikkilä.
There is one secondary school and many primary schools there.
There are also a high school and a vocational school.
Nikkilä has two churces, an old one and a new one.
The old church, Saint Sigfrid's church is a medieval stone church and was built in 1450-1454 although some of the parts have been added afterwards.
The new red brick church was built in the year 1885 and designed by Theodore Decker.
Municipality of Sipoo  - Official Website (in English)
In clothing, a collar is the part of a shirt, dress, coat or blouse that goes around or frames the neck.
A collar may also be a separate or detachable item around the neck.
A frame is a flat container to hold something.
It can also be an outer part of the structures.
Timber framing, a method of building for creating framed structures of heavy timber
Framing (construction), a building term known as light frame construction
Door frame or window frame, structures fixed to buildings, vehicles or other containers to which the hinges of doors or windows are attached and can be locked shut
Frame and panel, a method of woodworking
Framer, a carpenter who assembles major structural elements in constructing a building
Frame of reference, the set of coordinates in which a system is observed
Basis (linear algebra), an ordered basis is also called a "frame"
Framework, software
Film frame, one of the many single photographic images in a motion picture
Frame (vehicle), on which the carrossery of the automobile is mounted
Body-on-frame, construction technology for automobiles
subframe
Picture frame, a solid border around a picture or painting
Eyeglass frames
A mailable or shippable box.
In real estate parcel is a unit of land under declared ownership (with or without buildings).
The land hemisphere is the hemisphere on the Earth with the highest possible area of land.
It is centered on  (near the city of Nantes, France).
The other half of the Earth is the water hemisphere.
The land hemisphere has seven eighths of the land on the Earth.
This would be four fifths of the land area if Antarctica were included in the land area of the World.
Europe, Africa, North America, most of Asia and most of South America are in the land hemisphere.
Europe is at the center of the land hemisphere.
Because the area of the oceans of the land hemisphere is bigger than its land area, the land hemisphere means the hemisphere where most land is.
The water hemisphere is the hemisphere on the Earth with the highest area of water.
It is centered on , near New Zealand.
The other half of the Earth is the land hemisphere.
Not including Antartica, the water hemisphere has only one-eighth of the world's land,.
Australia, New Zealand, a small part of Southeast Asia and the southern part of South America are in the water hemisphere.
Antarctica is included in the hemisphere, and most of it is certainly land.
If it were included in the total land area of Earth, the water hemisphere would have one-fifth of the world's land.
Most of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are on the water hemisphere.
The area of the oceans of the water hemisphere is much higher than its land area, but the area of the oceans of the land hemisphere is still higher than its land area.
Pasadena is a city in California.
It is northeast of Los Angeles on Interstate 210 and the Metro Gold Line.
As of 2008, it had a population of 133,936.
Every year, Pasadena has the Tournament of Roses Parade.
The Rose Bowl Game is played after the parade.
Pasadena was settled by Tongva Indians and Mexican ranchers before California became a state.
In the 1880s, it became a city (making it the oldest city in the area after Los Angeles).
Pasadena was one of the hubs of the Pacific Electric Railroad.
During the early 20th century, it was the eighth-largest city in California.
There are many historic buildings in Pasadena.
They include the Gamble House, the Blacker House, and the historic homes in Bungalow Heaven.
There are also several colleges, including the California Institute of Technology.
Pasadena has an arts scene, with many famous people acting at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium or Pasadena Playhouse or putting paintings in the Norton Simon Museum.
1874 establishments in California
Hasdrubal Gisco commits suicide to avoid being lynched by a Carthaginian mob.
October 19 — The Battle of Zama ends the Second Punic War and largely destroys the power of Carthage.
Roman and Numidian forces under the laedership of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio and his Numidian ally, Masinissa, defeat a combined army of Carthaginians and their Numidian allies under the command of Hannibal and forces Carthage to capitulate.
Hannibal loses 20,000 men in the defeat, but he is able to escape Masinissa's pursuit.
Surprise party, a party where the person it is for is not told it will happen
Surprise factor, the fundamental element in humor that puts a twist on familiar subjects
Surprise, surprisal, or self-information, the information-theoretic quantity , where p is the probability of occurrence
94 (Haydn) in G major "Surprise Symphony" by Joseph Haydn
"Surprise" (Buffy episode), an episode of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Surprise, Arizona, a city in the United States
Surprise, Nebraska, a village in the United States
Surprise (Paul Simon album), a 2006 album by Paul Simon
Surprise (Better Than Ezra album), a 1989 album by Better Than Ezra
(T)Raumschiff Surprise - Periode 1, a German science fiction parody movie by Michael "Bully" Herbig
HMS Surprise, various real and fictional Royal Navy ships
Ambush or military surprise, a military strategy to strike the enemy at a time or place or in a manner for which they are unprepared
Surprise!,
an award-winning short movie by Veit Helmer
Surprise (animated movie), an animated short movie created by Pixar Animation Studios for Sesame Street
Surprise Records, a record label
"Surprise, Arizona" a song by Richard Buckner
Surprise Moriri, a South African football (soccer) player
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a mammal of the order Carnivora.
It is the biggest and most well-known species of fox.
Red foxes are sometimes hunted for sport, or killed as pests or carriers of rabies.
Red foxes have long legs, pointed triangular black ears, a pointed snout, and a long bushy tail with a white tail tip.
Like a cat's, the fox's thick tail helps it balance, but it has other uses as well.
The tail (or "brush") of a red fox can be like a flag to communicate with other red foxes.
The tail is also something of a food store.
Foxes also communicate with each other by urinating on trees or rocks, like dogs sometimes do.
Its back, sides, and head are usually covered with reddish-brown fur, and its neck and chest are covered with white fur.
Its legs and paws are normally black.
Hunting behavior and diet
Red foxes hunt alone.
Red foxes are omnivores.
They feed on rodents, birds, rabbits, and other small animals.
However, they will also eat fruit, vegetables, fish, frogs, lizards, eggs, insects and even worms.
The red fox will continue to hunt even when it is full.
It stores leftover food to eat later.
When they are raised by humans domestically, they can also eat pet food.
Red Foxes hunt mostly at night, sunset, and dawn.
When prey has been detected, the fox crouches low to the ground and moves towards it, while attempting to minimize any noise or visual warnings.
During the approach, the fox´s eyes remain on its prey.
A chase starts once the fox has been seen.
the prey escaping through dense bushes, or in the fox disabling it by biting it in the legs.
Red foxes usually mate in the winter.
The vixen (female fox) normally gives birth to a litter of 2 to 12 pups.
When red foxes are born, they are brown or gray.
Although a new red coat usually grows in one month, some red foxes have other colored coats such as golden, reddish-brown, silver, or even black.
The mother of the pups feed them at first by regurgitating food into their mouths.
Foxes generally do not sleep in dens unless they are females who are giving birth to or raising cubs.
Female foxes seek out dens made by other animals, like rabbits or badgers, but will dig their own den if necessary.
Foxes in the wild curl up in a ball out in the open to sleep, keeping warm by covering themselves with their bushy tails.
Foxes who live in urban areas may sleep under structures such as sheds.
It is native to America, Asia, and Europe.
It was introduced to Australia in the 19th century.
The Royal Surrey Gardens were gardens in Kennington, London, during the Victorian period.
It was the site of Surrey Zoological Gardens and Surrey Music Hall.
Iron Man is an American science fiction superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man.
It is the first movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).
It was released in different countries on dates between April 30, 2008 and May 2, 2008.
The movie follows a billionaire industrialist (Robert Downey Jr.) having a heart transplant.
The movie was positively welcomed from both audience and film critics.
It was the number one movie in the United States in the opening weekend.
Tony Stark is the CEO of Stark Industries, a company that makes weapons and bombs.
He flies to Afghanistan to show off a new weapon called the "Jericho" missile to the United States Army.
He and four other soldiers drive off in a Humvee, which is then attacked.
One of the attack weapons was a bomb that Stark Industries had made.
The soldiers are killed.
Stark is badly injured by shrapnel from the bomb and is kidnapped.
Stark wakes up in a cave to find a man named Ho Yinsen standing over him.
Yinsen tells Stark that he took out as much shrapnel as he could.
He also installed wires connected to a car battery to stop the rest of the shrapnel from reaching his heart and killing him.
Raza, the leader of the terrorists, orders Stark and Yinsen to build a Jericho missile for him.
Stark builds an arc reactor that produces clean power.
He uses it to replace the car battery that he has been carrying around.
Stark and Yinsen then build an armored suit for Stark to escape in.
Because Raza demands that the missile be ready the next day, Stark decides they must escape soon.
But his suit is not ready yet.
So Yinsen picks up an assault rifle and starts shooting to give Stark more time.
When the suit is ready, Stark defeats Raza and his men.
Yinsen is badly injured and dies.
Stark sets fire to the whole camp and lifts off using the armored suit.
He crashes and the Army finds him and his friend, James Rhodes.
When he arrives home, Stark announces that he is closing the weapons division of Stark Industries.
He then spends his time downstairs building a new armored suit and a new arc reactor more powerful than the last one.
Stark tells his secretary, Pepper Potts, to destroy the old arc reactor, but she instead puts it in a glass box.
On the first test of his second armor, Stark goes up into the atmosphere and the suit freezes up.
He rebuilds it to work in cold conditions and paints it red.
At a party, he learns that Obadiah Stane, who is second-in-command at Stark Industries, and others are secretly selling weapons to Raza and his men.
He tells Potts to go into Stane's office and find the shipping records so he can fly to the places and destroy the weapons.
Stane finds out that Pepper Potts has the information.
So Stane builds a suit based on Stark's first suit, the Mark I, which Raza found in the desert and gave to him.
He names his suit the Iron Monger.
But his scientists cannot make an arc reactor to power it, so he goes to Stark's house to steal his.
He paralyses Stark with a small device that Stark built, and takes the arc reactor out of his chest.
Without the arc reactor, Stark cannot live long.
He goes back to his workshop to find the original arc reactor.
He breaks the glass box and puts the old arc reactor in his chest.
Then he puts on the Mark III suit to fight Stane.
Potts and a group of government men go to Stark Industries to arrest Stane, but they find him in the Iron Monger suit.
Stark and Stane fight.
Stark has Potts blow up the large arc reactor at Stark Industries to kill Stane.
In a few days, the photographs of the fight appear in newspapers.
The press call Stark's armor Iron Man.
A government agency, S.H.I.E.L.D, tells him that he should say that he was on a boat during the events, so his role as Iron Man in the fight is kept secret.
But during a press conference, Stark says that he is Iron Man.
Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark/Iron Man
Terrence Howard as James "Rhodey" Rhodes
Jeff Bridges as Obadiah Stane
Shaun Toub as Ho Yinsen
Gwyneth Paltrow as Pepper Potts
Faran Tahir as Raza
Paul Bettany as J.A.R.V.I.S.
Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson
Jon Favreau as Harold "Happy" Hogan
Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury
Because this movie did so well, Marvel made a sequel.
It is called Iron Man 2 and was released in April, May and June 2010.
The different release dates were for different parts of the world.
Iron Man also appears in other Marvel Cinematic Universe movies, like The Avengers.
A third movie, Iron Man 3 was released on May 3, 2013.
Official Iron Man website
Iron Man movies
Movies directed by Jon Favreau
Movies set in Afghanistan
Marvel Cinematic Universe movies
Molars are special teeth found in mammals, and also the most complex sort of teeth.
They are used for grinding food.
Humans have 12 molars in total, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth.
The molar which is the farthest back in each group is called a wisdom tooth.
The wisdom teeth are the last teeth to appear, usually at around the age of eighteen.
These final molars do not erupt in many people.
All molars and premolars have a structure for grinding food.
They have elevated (~pointed) parts called cusps.
These cusps are characteristics of the species in question, but in general they are found on the molars, and to a lesser extent on premolars.
be:Маларэ
eo:Vangodento#Molaro
The Qinling Mountains (Traditional Chinese: 秦嶺, Simplified Chinese: 秦岭) are a major mountain range.
Most of them are in the Eastern province of Shaanxi, in China.
The mountains provide a natural boundary between the North and South of the country.
They support a large variety of plants and wildlife, some of which is found nowhere else on Earth.
"Love In This Club Part II" is an R&B-Pop song written by Amber Rives and Usher, and recorded by Usher for his album Here I Stand.
The song features Beyoncé and Lil Wayne, and it is a remix of the original song, but the structure and lyrics of the song are completely different from the original: "Love in This Club", so the song's name was changed to "Love in This Club Part II".
Chart Performance
Usher songs
Lower Silesian Voivodeship is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland.
It can be found in the south-west Poland and in west Silesia (called Lower Silesia).
The capital city is Wrocław.
1999 establishments in Poland
Unterhaching (Central Bavarian: Untahaching or simply Haching) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.
Air France-KLM is a French airline company that made a megafusion in 2004 with the Dutch airline company, KLM.
They are both worth US$20 billion together.
Air France-KLM Financial page
Air France-KLM Group Company profile from Yahoo!
Oberschleißheim (Central Bavarian: Obaschleißheim) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.
The Schleissheim Palace is in Oberschleißheim.
Gräfelfing (Central Bavarian: Grefefing) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.
Neuried (Central Bavarian: Neiriad ba Minga) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria in Germany.
Oberhaching (Central Bavarian: Obahaching) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.
Upper Bavaria (, ; ) is one of seven government regions in Bavaria, Germany.
Rosenheim (; ) is a city in Upper Bavaria, Germany.
It does not belong to a rural district, but it is an urban district itself.
The rivers of the Inn and the Mangfall come together in Rosenheim.
Ansbach (; ; East Franconian: Anschba) is a city in Middle Franconia, Germany.
(German, English, French)
Ansbach information
Passau (; ) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany.
It is also called the Three River City because there are three rivers in the city.
Kempten (Central Bavarian: Kempten im Allgai, Swabian: Kempte im Allgai) is a town in Swabia, Germany.
Swabia (Bavaria)
Landshut (; ) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany.
Weiden in der Oberpfalz (German pronunciation: [vaɪ̯dən   ɪn   de:ɐ̯   o:bɐp͡falt͡s]; official name: Weiden i.d.
OPf.;
Northern Bavarian: Weidn in da Owapfalz or d Wein)  is a city in the Upper Palatinate in Bavaria, Germany.
Straubing (Bavarian: Strauwing) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany.
Memmingen (Swabian: Memmenge) is a city in Swabia in Bavaria, Germany.
It is on the border to Baden-Württemberg.
Kaufbeuren (Bavarian: Kaufbeiren, Swabian: Kaufbeire) is a city in Swabia in Bavaria, Germany.
USA Today is a daily newspaper founded by Al Neuharth.
It has the most readers of any daily newspaper in the United States.
About 2.25 million copies are sold on a weekday.
It comes second worldwide.
The Times of India sells about 2.6 million copies on a weekday.
The paper was founded in 1982.
It has a much more colorful markup than other national newspapers, like The New York Times or Wall Street Journal.
Its use of graphics makes its content rather like a tabloid.
It is a middle-ground, middle-class paper.
The paper became known for taking national polls before elections.
It is connected, through its owners Gannet Company, to the tv show USA Today.
It also has a significant news website.
Cologne Cathedral (German: Hohe Domkirche St. Petrus or commonly Kölner Dom) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Cologne, Germany.
It is the cathedral church for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne.
The cathedral has a height of 157.25 metres.
This makes it the second-highest in Germany and the third-highest in the world.
The cathedral in Ulm, the Ulm Minster at 161 metres is the highest in the world.
The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro is also higher, at 158 metres, but it only has the status of a minor basilica, it is not a cathedral.
The cathedral is also the third-biggest church, built in Gothic architecture.
The Seville Cathedral in Seville, Spain, and the Milan Cathedral in Milan, Italy are bigger.
The Cologne Cathedral was built in Gothic style from 15 August 1248.
It was planned to make the cathedral like the one in Amiens.
The choir was consecrated in 1322.
The first bell could be hung in one of the towers shortly after 1410.
Around 1510, the construction was stopped, because people had lost interest.
The last payment for its construction was made in 1560.
For 300 years, Cologne had an unfinished cathedral.
The cathedral was finished in 1880, still following the original plans.
The cathedral is one of the most popular sights in Germany.
In 2001, there were five million visitors, in 2004, there were six million visitors.
Pope Benedict XVI visited the cathedral in 2005.
Images of the Cologne Cathedral
1248 establishments
T.N.T. is the second studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC, released in Australia December 1975.
"It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" – 5:15
"Rock 'n' Roll Singer" – 5:04
"The Jack" – 5:52
"Live Wire" – 5:49
"T.N.T." – 3:35
"Rocker" – 2:51
"Can I Sit Next to You Girl" (Young, Young) – 4:12
"High Voltage" – 4:22
"School Days" (Chuck Berry) – 5:21
Taxi is an American sitcom.
It originally aired from 1978 to 1982 on ABC, and from 1982 to 1983 on NBC.
The show is about the employees of a taxi company in Manhattan, New York City.
1983 television series endings
Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Amiens is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Amiens, France.
It is most commonly called Amiens Cathedral.
The cathedral was built between 1220 and 1270.
Amiens Cathedral was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981.
It is known for the quality and quantity of early 13th-century Gothic sculpture.
Auburn University is a university in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Auburn University is in the city of Auburn, Alabama.
People can usually just say Auburn for short when they are talking about the University.
There are about 24,000 students in school at Auburn.
Auburn opened February 1, 1856 but was named the East Alabama Male College.
The university changed the name many times until 1960 when it was named Auburn University.
Auburn is one of three large universities in Alabama.
The University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama has the same number of students and the University of Alabama at Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama is the third largest.
Auburn University has 12 colleges on campus, including agriculture, architecture, business, education, engineering, forestry, human sciences, liberal arts, nursing, pharmacy, mathematics, and medicine.
1856 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Alabama
The Baltimore Orioles are a Major League Baseball team from Baltimore, Maryland.
They compete in the American League's AL East division.
They began play in the early 1900s as the St. Louis Browns, a rival to the St. Louis Cardinals.
They moved to Baltimore in 1954 and became the Orioles.
The "Baltimore Oriole" is an orange-and-black bird which is often seen in Maryland. "
Orioles" has been a traditional nickname for Baltimore baseball teams.
There was a Baltimore Orioles (19th century) in the major leagues.
There was also a minor league baseball team called the Orioles which played from the early 1900s until the Browns moved to Baltimore.
The Browns were not a very successful team.
They only won one league championship, in 1944.
The Orioles have won several league championships and also won the World Series in 1966, 1970 and 1983.
1900s establishments in the United States
The Arizona Diamondbacks are a Major League Baseball team based in Phoenix, Arizona.
They were started in 1998.
They play their home games at Chase Field.
In 2001, they beat the New York Yankees to win their first (and only, so far) World Series, becoming the fastest new team to do this.
The team is also called the "D-Backs".
They are named for the Diamondback Rattlesnake.
The Atlanta Braves are a Major League baseball team based in Atlanta, Georgia.
The Braves currently play just outside the city limits in the Cobb County community of Cumberland at Truist Park, which opened as SunTrust Park in 2017 and was renamed in 2020.
From 1991 to 2005, the Braves won their division every year except for 1994 when the season ended early due to a players' strike.
They have won four World Series championships.
Their first was in 1914 over the Philadelphia Athletics.
They won their second championship in 1957 when they beat the New York Yankees in seven games.
In 1995, the Braves defeated the Cleveland Indians.
In 2021, they defeated the Houston Astros for their fourth title.
One famous player that was on the Braves was Hank Aaron, who played for the team from 1954 to 1976.
The Braves are the oldest team in major league baseball.
They began in 1871 in Boston, Massachusetts.
They were originally called the "Boston Red Stockings".
Later, they were known as the "Boston Beaneaters".
In 1912, they were renamed as the "Boston Braves".
They moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1953, where they were known as the "Milwaukee Braves".
They moved to Atlanta in 1966.
Sports in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
The Colorado Rockies are a Major League Baseball team in Denver, Colorado.
They are named for the Rocky Mountains, which are often called "The Rockies".
Denver itself is within the Rocky Mountains, a mile above sea level.
The team began play in 1993.
In 1995, they moved into their current ballpark, Coors Field.
They made the playoffs five times, each time as a wild card.
In 2007, the Rockies played in the World Series for the first (and so far, only) time.
They were swept by the Boston Red Sox.
The Miami Marlins are a Major League Baseball team in Miami, Florida.
They were called the Florida Marlins through the 2011 baseball season.
In November 2011, after the end of the season, they were renamed the Miami Marlins.
The marlin is a large sport fish that lives in warm parts of the ocean.
There was once a minor league baseball team called the Miami Marlins.
The major league team was named the "Marlins" in honor of the minor league team.
The Marlins' first home was Sun Life Stadium.
They opened a new stadium in 2012 called Marlins Park.
The Houston Astros are the professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas.
They began to play in 1962.
They were originally called the "Houston Colt .45s" or the "Houston Colts".
They changed their name to "Astros" in 1965.
The Astros left the National League and joined the American League in 2013.
They are the first team in a long time to do this.
The Astros play their home games at Minute Maid Park in Houston.
With the move to the American League in 2013, the Astros are the first team in Major League Baseball to win the pennant for both leagues.
The Astros are generally considered one of the most dominant teams in baseball over the recent years.
In 2005, the Astros played in the World Series for the first time, where they were swept by the Chicago White Sox.
They returned to the World Series in 2017, and this time, they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games to capture their first World Series title in the wake of Hurricane Harvey.
They returned to the World Series in 2019 and 2021, but lost to Washington Nationals and the Atlanta Braves, respectively.
As an instrumentalist, bandleader, singer, and composer, Gillespie was the youngest of nine children.
His father was a local bandleader, so instruments were made available to him at an early age.
He started to play the piano at the age of 9.
Nicknamed Dizzy because of how he acts during performances, Gillespie set new standards for trumpet players with his innovative rhythmic and harmonic explorations.
This definitive change moved American jazz from swing to 'bebop'.
Together with Charlie Parker, he was a major figure in the development of modern jazz.
Gillespie died on January 6, 1993 at age 75 from pancreatic cancer.
At the time of his death Gillespie had two funerals.
One was a Bahá´í funeral at his request, at which his closest friends and colleagues attended.
The second was at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City open to the public where everyone can attend.
The African American Registry - The heart of jazz, Dizzy Gillespie
Dizzy Gillespie's  "The Cult of Bebop"
Dizzy Gillespie Talking to Les Tomkins in 1973
Ganz is a Canadian company.
It is a private company with headquarters just north of Toronto in Woodbridge, Ontario.
It has many subsidiaries and offices.
It is now best known for distributing plush animals and collectables.
Most recently it is known as the manufacturer of Webkinz, the toy with an Internet site.
Ganz was founded in Toronto in 1950 by Holocaust survivors Samuel Ganz and his sons Jack Ganz and Sam Ganz.
Then it was called Ganz Bros. Toys Limited.
It is now run by the founder's grandson, Hoard Ganz.
Companies of Canada
1950 establishments in North America
John Dowland (born 1563; buried 20 February 1626) was an English composer and lutenist.
He is best known for some beautiful songs which express his unhappiness such as "Come, heavy sleep", "Come Again, Sweet Love" and "Flow my tears".
His instrumental music became very popular again in the 20th century.
We hardly know anything about Dowland's early life.
He was probably born in London.
He went to Paris in 1580 where he worked for the ambassador to the French court.
He became a Roman Catholic at this time.
In 1594 the job of royal lutenist to Queen Elizabeth I became available.
Dowland did not get the job.
He said later that it was because he was a Catholic, but there were other Catholic musicians at the English court, so that may not have been the real reason.
Dowland continued to work in Europe instead.
He worked for the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel.
He went to Italy where he wanted to study with Luca Marenzio in Rome.
He went to Venice and Florence but never got as far as Rome.
He published a book of lute music in 1597 which made him the most important English composer for the lute.
However, he still did not get a job at the English court so he went to Denmark where he worked for King Christian IV of Denmark who paid him very well.
Dowland seems to have been married and he had children, although we do not know how many.
His wife and family always stayed in England.
Dowland returned to England in 1606 and in 1612 got the job as one of James I's lutenists.
Strangely, he does not seem to have composed anything between that time and his death in London in 1626.
We do not know the date he died, but we do know the date when he was buried.
Most of Dowland's music is for his own instrument, the lute.
It includes several books of music for solo lute, songs for one voice and lute, part-songs with lute accompaniment, and several pieces for viol consort with lute.
Many of his best-known songs are full of sadness.
One lute song is called "Flow My Tears".
A very well-known instrumental work is Lachrimae (the Latin word for "tears"), a set of seven songs for five viols and lute, each based on the tune of his song "Flow My Tears."
It became one of the best known pieces of consort music in his own time.
His pavane "Lachrymae antiquae" was also one of the big hits of the seventeenth century.
Dowland's music often shows the melancholia that was so fashionable in music at that time.
He wrote a consort piece called Semper Dowland, semper dolens (always Dowland, always unhappy).
Peter Holman/Paul O'Dette: "John Dowland", Grove Music Online, ed.
L. Macy (Accessed 5 May 2008), (subscription access)
1563 births
A partsong is a piece of music to be sung by two or more voices without accompaniment.
Many partsongs are written for four voices: normally soprano, alto, tenor and bass.
Such a partsong can be performed just by four people, but it can also be performed by a larger group (a choir) which has divided into these four parts.
The term "partsong" can refer to music such as a glee, madrigal or unaccompanied anthem, but it is usually used in English when talking about short, secular (non-religious) songs without accompaniment.
In other languages there is no word which means quite the same thing.
Partsongs were very popular in the 17th century in England.
They were often fun pieces to be sung at parties or in pubs.
They were often rounds, catches or quodlibets.
In the 19th century the madrigal came into fashion again and so many composers started writing partsongs.
Composers such as Sterndale Bennett, Arthur Sullivan, Parry, Charles Villiers Stanford and Edward Elgar wrote many partsongs, and later Finzi, John Ireland and Moeran.
Grove Music Online, ed.
Nin Catheral is a cathedral in Nin, Croatia.
It is probably the smallest cathedral ever built.
It was built around 800, and probably was the seat of the local bishop at the time.
Buildings and structures in Europe
A Neume is a way to write music.
Neumes were mainly in the Middle Ages before the modern system of musical notation was developed.
Sometimes they are also called neum in English.
Neumes are different from modern notation:
There is no exact idea of how high or low tune should be sung; there are only indications.
Neumes do not show rhythm, extra symbols are used to show rhythm or intonation
Masovian Voivodeship is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland.
It can be found in the east-central part of Poland.
It is mostly in the historical land Masovia.
The capital of the Voivodeship is Warsaw.
The province was created on January 1, 1999.
Kampinos National Park is in the province.
The Steelyard was a place in London for trading.
It was commonly used by the Hanseatic League in the Middle Ages.
Many of the buildings were damaged during the Great Fire of London in 1666.
Hazard symbols are special symbols.
They were made to warn people about dangers.
Usually they are pictograms.
Pictograms are small drawings that show what is happening (or what is going to happen, or what should happen) in a way that is easy to understand.
European hazard symbols
The European Union has made a few symbols that warn of dangers and that should be easy to understand.
These are the hazard symbols for chemicals:
The 'n' in Harmful (Xn) stands for the French word nocif (harmful) and the Italian word nocivo (noxious).
A pictograph  (sometimes also called pictogramme or pictogram) is a small drawing.
Today, pictograms are used very often.
Because they are independent of the language, they are often used where there are people who need to understand things, even if they do not read or speak the language.
Pictograms are also often used where it is important to understand something fast.
Sight is faster than reading.
That way, pictograms are often used for signalling in emergency situations, such as showing emergency exits.
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is one of the 16 voivodeships of Poland.
The name of the voivodeship came from local mountains called Świętokrzyskie Mountains.
The capital city is Kielce.
Commensalism is a type of relationship between two organisms.
In commensalism, one organism is helped while the other is not affected.
In practice, it is difficult to show that the passive organism is not harmed.
For example, some birds live in holes in trees.
Does this damage the tree?
Mites, which cannot fly, often hitch a ride on insects.
Does this affect the
insect's fitness?
There is no definite answer to such questions.
Orchids, mosses, and lichens all grow on tropical trees.
They need sunlight, and by being higher up they get to the sunlight.
All that can be said for sure is that the trees continue to live and reproduce, and so it is assumed that these epiphytes do not affect their host plant.
Amensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed or inhibited and the other is unaffected.
Examples of amensalism include the shading out of one plant by a taller and wider one and the inhibition of one plant by the secretions of another (known as allelopathy).
The Saracens attacked Crete and invade Sicily.
The Kingdom of Navarre is created.
Lindane is an insecticide.
It can be used to kill insects.
The European Union allows its use as an insecticide since 2008.
This is because it takes a very long time to decay.
Checks are now getting done to see how bad to humans it really is.
It can cause diseases such as Cancer or Parkinson's disease.
The World Health Organization classifies Lindane as "Moderately Hazardous".
International trade with it is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent.
Over 50 countries have banned it.
It might be included in Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants.
This would make it illegal to produce or use it all over the world.
Fumaric acid is a chemical substance that occurs in various plants.
It also occurs as a by-product at various times in the human body.
In chemistry it is used for food preservation.
It is known as E 297.
Usually it replaces citric acid.
In medicine, it is used to treat various diseases of the skin, such as Psoriasis.
Tinia (also spelled Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the supreme deity in Etruscan mythology.
He was the god of the sky and lightning, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus.
He was the husband of Thalna or Uni and the father of the hero Hercle.
The element tin was named after Tinia.
Jupiter - Roman mythology equivalent to Tinia
Zeus - Greek mythology equivalent to Tinia
Odin - Norse mythology equivalent to Tinia
An endospore is a structure made by bacteria for survival purposes.
Bacteria turn to endosporea when they undergo stress, such as an increase in heat or lack of nutrients.
This process is known as sporulation.
Endospores are small, rounded, resting cells that form inside bacteria when conditions become unbearable.
They have a tough coating which makes it resistant to radiation (like X-rays and UV light), chemicals, heat, salt concentration and extreme pH. Endospores have calcium dipicolinate in them, which keeps the DNA stable.
It is not fully understood what causes it to be so resistant.
A bacterial cell will make an endospore when it is low on food so it can survive until there is more food available in the environment.
An endospore will actually contain all of the important parts of the bacterial cell, such as its DNA.
Only two genera of bacteria can undergo sporulation to form endospores.
They are the Bacillus and Clostridium species.
Bacteria that can form endospores but are not in the endospore state are known to be in their vegetative state.
Endospores are highly dangerous bio-terrorist weapons.
This is because they are smaller than the vegetative state.
A bacterium, in itself, is already smaller than a eukaryotic cell.
Therefore, considering the small size of endospore, a small volume of it can already contain a large quantity of it.
Endospores are hard to eradicate.
The bacteria cell does fission and conjugation.
Fission is a form of reproduction.
Conjugation is not considered reproduction.
The WonderSwan Color is a handheld video game system.
It was made by Bandai in 2000.
It was a little bigger than the old WonderSwan.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate mixtures like DNA and proteins.
The separation is based on how positively or how negatively charged a molecule is, and its size.
Gel electrophoresis uses a gel (like gelatin) and an electric field is put through the gel.
The gel is made up of large and branched molecules called polymers.
The amount of branches in the gel determines how easily molecules can squeeze through, depending on their size.
If there are a lot of branches, small molecules will be able to move through easily while big molecules will move through slowly or not at all.
If there are few branches, both big and small molecules can move through more easily.
Charge on the molecule
If a large molecule has a big charge, its attraction to the opposite charge is also large.
But, since the molecule is large, it will have a difficult time moving through the thick gel.
In gel electrophoresis, large molecules are going to move slower.
A small charged molecule will move through the gel more easily.
Shorter molecules move faster and move further than longer ones because shorter molecules get through the pores of the gel more easily.
This phenomenon is called sieving.
After the gel has been run by applying the electric field, you can look to see where the molecules have moved to.