the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The notes can be written just on one line.
The beats are crosses.
It's modern notation started from the Catholic Church.
fi:Nuottikirjoitus#Nuottiviivasto
The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is a beetle.
It is sometimes just called the Colorado beetle.
It is one of the worst potato pests in the world.
The beetle is notable for its ability to resist pesticides.
The Colorado beetle first lived in the southwest United States and northern Mexico.
Now it lives in most of North America and also in Europe and Asia.
What it eats
The Colorado potato beetle now eats cultivated potato plants.
Both larvae and adults eat the leaves and strip the plant down to a skeleton.
They may also attack tomato and eggplants.
There can be so many Colorado potato beetles in potato farms that they destroy the potatoes.
Because the beetle rapidly evolves resistance to chemicals, the best defence may be biological control.
A ground beetle, Lebia grandis is a predator of the eggs and larvae, and its larvae are parasitoids of the Colorado beetle's pupae.
Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes) is a pathogenic fungus that infects many insects, including the Colorado beetle.
It is probably the most widely used natural enemy of the Colorado beetle.
There are commercial formulations that can be applied using a pesticide sprayer.
The Colorado potato beetle did not always eat potato plants.
This is because potatoes came from South America, not near the beetle's original range.
Before people brought potatoes to North America, the Colorado beetle ate a plant called buffalo-bur.
Harvestmen are eight-legged arachnids.
Even though they belong to the arachnid family, harvestmen are not spiders.
They are in the order Opiliones or Phalangids.
More than 6,400 species of harvestmen have been discovered, although the real number of extant species may be more than 10,000.
Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million year old Rhynie cherts of Scotland.
The samples found look surprisingly modern.
Apparently, the basic structure of the harvestmen has not changed much since then.
In some places, harvestmen are known by the name "daddy longlegs", but this name is also used for two other unrelated arthropods: the crane fly (Tipulidae) and the cellar spider (Pholcidae).
Many species are omnivores, they eat anything they can find.
Most of the time this is small insects, and some plants and fungi.
Some are scavengers.
Harvestmen are not dangerous to humans.
None of the described species have poison glands.
They are not "true" spiders even though they look like spiders in many ways.
For example, harvestmen have no venom or silk glands; spiders have these.
These arachnids have exceptionally long walking legs, compared to body size, although there are also short-legged species.
In harvestmen the two main body sections (the abdomen and cephalothorax) are broadly joined, so that they appear to be one oval structure; they also have no venom or silk glands, unlike true spiders.
In more advanced species, the first five abdominal segments are often fused into a dorsal shield called the scutum, which is normally fused with the carapace.
In some species, this shield is only present in males.
This can be hard to see in short-legged species.
The feeding apparatus (Stomotheca) differs from other arachnids as they are able to eat their food in chunks, without needing to liquify it.
Most species have a single pair of eyes in the middle of their heads, oriented horizontally.
However, there are some eyeless species.
Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog (2005)
Pinto-da-Rocha R. Machado G. & Giribet G. eds.
Harvestmen – the biology of Opiliones.
Pinto-da-Rocha R. & Kury A.B. 2003.
Third species of Guasiniidae (Opiliones, Laniatores) with comments on familial relationships.
Journal of Arachnology 31: 394-399.
Shultz, Jeffrey W. 1998.
Phylogeny of Opiliones (Arachnida): an assessment of the "Cyphopalpatores" concept.
Journal of Arachnology 26: 257-272.
Harvestman: Order Opiliones Diagnostic photographs and information on North American harvestmen
Harvestman: Order Opiliones Diagnostic photographs and information on European harvestmen
University of Aberdeen: The Rhynie Chert Harvestmen (fossils)
National Museum page Classification of Opiliones A synoptic taxonomic arrangement of the order Opiliones, down to family-group level, including some photos of the families
Opiliones (Harvestman)
Daddy long-legs spider (Cellar spider)
The Shikon no Tama (English:The Jewel of Four Souls) is the fictional magic jewel in Rumiko Takahashi's manga and anime series InuYasha.
It contains four types of souls, Courage, Friendship, Wisdom and Love.
The souls can make a person powerful.
Before Midoriko sacrificed herself, she joined four souls within her heart, with the demonic one making it good and pure.
This created the Shikon Jewel, where Midoriko and the demon are trapped within.
The battle depends to any demon who kept the jewel.
If the jewel is purified, Midoriko survives.
If the demon binds the jewel, it becomes defiled.
Naraku defiles the jewel, while collecting all pieces.
Shako (Sango's grandfather) found the impured jewel from one of the demons.
When Kikyo dies, the jewel survives and Naraku plans to retrieve it.
Kagome Higurashi ends up travelling to the past while keeping the jewel.
After Kagome destroys the raven, the jewel is shattered into pieces.
Izumo is a philosopher half–demon who made the fake jewel with small power, by copying the real one.
However, Inuyasha defeats him.
pt:Jóia de Quatro almas
The Daddy-Long-Legs Spider (Pholcus phalangioides) is a spider of the family Pholcidae.
Its legs are about 5 or 6 times the length of its body.
It is often confused with the daddy long-legs, a member of the Opiliones, which are not true (real) spiders.
P. phalangioides has the habit of shaking the web violently when disturbed.
This is probably to blur the vision of a predator.
Because it is often found on the ceilings of rooms, caves or cellars, it is also called cellar spider.
They can easily catch and eat hairy house spiders, mosquitoes, and other insects.
When food is scarce, they will prey on their own kind.
Because they originally came from the tropics, these spiders do not seem to be aware of seasonal changes and breed at any time of the year.
The female holds 20 to 30 eggs in her jaws.
Spiderlings are transparent with short legs and change their skin about 5 or 6 times as they grow.
Crossopriza lyoni and Physocyclus globosis are spiders with a very similar appearance.
This is the only spider species described by Swiss painter and entomologist Johann Kaspar Füssli.
Some spiders, including P. phalangioides, have the ability to completely suck out a mosquito from the tip of one of its legs, although this may take up to twelve hours.
Description and pictures
Long description and pictures
Crane flies are flies in the family Tipulidae.
They are insects.
Crane flies look similar to large mosquitoes but, unlike mosquitoes, crane flies do not bite people or animals.
Crane flies occasionally eat nectar.
They are also known as daddy longlegs around the world.
The term 'daddy-long-legs' is also given to arachnids of the order Opiliones or the family Pholcidae.
The larvae of crane flies are known commonly as leatherjackets.
There are about 15,000 different species and 525 genera of crane flies.
This means that the Tipulidae (crane flies) are the largest group of flies.
Most crane fly species (75%) were found by Charles P. Alexander.
The adult only lives to mate and lay eggs: 10 to 15 days is all.
In some species the adult does not eat at all.
Most of the crane fly's life is spent as a larva.
Crane fly larvae are called leatherjackets or 'leatherjacket slugs' because of the way they move and eat roots (such as those of grass in lawns) and other vegetation.
Some leatherjackets are aquatic.
Leatherjackets can cause damage to plants.
Because of this, crane flies are a pest of lawn grass in some areas.
Invasive (European) crane flies (Tipula paludosa) cause extensive damage to turfgrass.
Larvae of crane flies are divided into segments.
They have a distinct head capsule on the front.
The segments on the rear portion of the larva (the abdominal segments) often have long fleshy projections (like tentacles).
Scientists have never seen the larvae from most crane fly species: less than 2% of the larvae are known.
Adult crane flies have very long legs and a long, thin abdomen.
It is very easy to accidentally break off their delicate legs when catching crane flies.
Their thin legs and  abdomen may help them to escape from birds who try to eat them.
Females have larger abdomens in comparison to the males.
The female abdomen also ends in a pointed ovipositor that looks a bit like a stinger.
Crane flies cannot sting.
The wings are often held out from the body when the crane fly is not moving.
When the wings are held out, the large halteres (balancers) can be seen behind the wings.
Unlike mosquitoes, crane flies can not fly well.
They will sometimes "wobble" when flying.
Crane flies that live in temperate places, such as Tipula species, may grow as big as 60 mm in size.
Tropical crane flies may grow to more than 100 mm.
The giant crane fly (Holorusia rubiginosa) that lives in the western United States can reach 38 mm (1-3/8 inches).
There are also small crane flies, the size of mosquitoes.
Oosterbroek, Pjotr. "
Tipulidae" <http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/tipulidae.html>.
Family descriptions and images
Ohio State University Fact Sheet
1 Photo
Crane Flies of Pennsylvania
Crane Fly Tipula sp.
Crane Fly Tipula dorsimacula
Catalogue of Craneflies of the World
Family Tipulidae - By Pjotr Oosterbroek
Image Gallery from Diptera.info
Image Gallery from Bug Guide Extensive
sv:Harkrankar
Arthur Neville Chamberlain  (; 18 March 18699 November 1940) was a British politician, Lord Mayor of Birmingham, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940.
Member of Parliament and Government
In 1916, the prime minister, Lloyd George asked Chamberlain to become the director of conscription, forcing civilians to join the British Armys in World War I.  Chamberlain and Lloyd-George often argued, and soon they did not like each other.
Chamberlain left the job the next year.
Instead, he entered the 1918 general election and became the Conservative Member of Parliament for Ladywood in Birmingham.
In 1923, the prime minister Andrew Bonar Law made Chamberlain the health minister.
In this job, Chamberlain did more work to help poor people.
For example, he made a law that connected rent prices to how good the building was.
Chamberlain was then Chancellor of the Exchequer, in charge of the economy, for a short time.
After the 1924 general election, he became health minister again, where he stayed until the Conservatives lost the 1929 general election.
Between 1924 and 1929, Chamberlain helped to make many new laws to help poor people, including a pensions system that helped to make Britain's welfare state after the Second World War.
In 1929, the Conservatives lost the general election, and Ramsay MacDonald became the new Labour prime minister.
At this time, the Conservative party was trying to put tariffs (taxes) on imports to make trade in the British Empire stronger.
Other people, including Lord Beaverbrook, a businessman who owned a lot of newspapers, disagreed, saying that trade should be free.
Lord Beaverbrook started a new party to fight the Conservatives.
Chamberlain fought Beaverbrook's part in an election, and won.
This made him very popular in the Conservative party.
An economic crisis in 1931 led to another general election.
After the election, Chamberlain became Chancellor of the Exchequer.
In this position he worked to cancel debts from the war.
In 1932 he was able to start a tariff system.
His father, Joseph Chamberlain had spent a long time working for a stronger British Empire when he was foreign secretary.
He also worked hard for a tariff system, because he believed it would make the Empire economically independent.
Neville was pleased to make his father's wishes come true.
By 1934, Chamberlain felt that the economy had recovered.
However, at this time many important people, including Chamberlain's half-brother Austen and Winston Churchill were warning that Nazi Germany was rearming (building its military).
These men said that Britain must rearm, too.
In July 1934 the government told parliament that it had a plan to make the Royal Air Force much stronger.
However, not everybody was happy to see an arms race (a competition with Germany to build a bigger military).
The First World War was still in people's memories, and there was a pacifist feeling in the country.
Chamberlain advised the prime minister, Stanley Baldwin, to talk about rearmament in the 1935 general election.
Baldwin was worried people would not vote for them if they talked about making the military stronger, so he talked about housing and unemployment instead.
Chamberlain worked hard with a slow economy.
The government bought factories that were not being used, and spent money making them new again.
This idea helped when the war began because Britain had the most modern equipment.
When he announced (told the public about) his budget (plan for the economy) in 1935, the Labour party said he wanted war.
Other people still said he was not doing enough to build the military.
In 1936 the government announced plans to build the Royal Navy.
Stanley Baldwin retired in 1937, and Chamberlain became the new prime minister on the 28th May.
Chamberlain is mostly remembered for being the prime minister as Europe moved into the Second World War, but as prime minister he also made some important changes in Britain.
He made laws that made working conditions better.
He limited working hours for women and children.
He introduced paid holiday for a large part of the population.
He introduced laws to try to make the population healthier by exercising and medical inspection.
Many other changes were planned, but the start of the war stopped these changes from happening.
In the 1930s, the Irish Taoiseach (similar to a prime minister) was Éamon de Valera.
de Valera worked to make a new constitution (set of laws) for Ireland.
He wanted to make Ireland independent from Britain.
Ireland had its own government, but Britain still controlled Northern Ireland, and had naval ports (called treaty ports) in Ireland.
de Valera wanted this control to stop.
Chamberlain wanted Ireland to support Britain if there was a war because he knew that without Irish help, defending the Atlantic Ocean would be difficult.
Chamberlain and his Secretary of State, Malcolm MacDonald made an agreement to give the treaty ports back to Ireland, but hoped that British warships might use them in the war.
Many Conservatives, including Winston Churchill, (who had made an agreement to have the treaty ports in 1921) disagreed strongly with this plan.
This agreement, together with a plan to limit the number of Jewish people moving into Palestine (which was controlled by Britain at this time) made Chamberlain unpopular with many people.
The Munich Agreement
Although many people warned about the threat of Nazi Germany, Chamberlain chose ministers who agreed with him, and he wanted to avoid another war.
Chamberlain, like many other people of the same age, were very worried about war.
They believed that people like Adolf Hitler were in power because their people felt that their situation was unfair.
German people felt that the Treaty of Versailles, an agreement made to end the First World War, was unfair.
When Nazi Germany invaded (took control of) Austria and the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia), Chamberlain tried to keep peace.
In September 1938, he flew to Munich to speak with Hitler.
Together with the French prime minister, Édouard Daladier, and the Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, he made an agreement with Hitler.
He was allowed to control the Sudetenland but had to agree not to use his military to solve future disputes (disagreements).
When Chamberlain returned home, many people said he had done a wonderful job.
Chamberlain was very pleased and said that the agreement meant "peace for our time".
In March 1939, the German military moved in to control the rest of Czechoslovakia.
This was against the Munich agreement.
Chamberlain realised that his attempts to control Hitler had failed.
He started to get Britain ready for war, using the new factories that had been built.
Many new weapons were built, including the Supermarine Spitfire (a fighter aircraft), and radar.
When the Germans invaded Poland on 1st September 1939, the British and the French talked together and decided to declare war on Germany (tell Germany war had started).
Chamberlain spoke on the radio, and told the British people that war had begun.
Chamberlain made a new government, and included Winston Churchill.
After the Germans invaded Norway in April 1940, the British sent a naval force to fight them.
The plan was not a success, however, and parliament no longer supported Chamberlain.
on 10 May 1940, Chamberlain resigned.
Churchill became the prime minister, but Chamberlain stayed in the government.
Later in May, Germany offered conditions for peace (things they wanted to stop fighting).
Most of the government, including Chamberlain, wanted to agree with Germany and stop fighting.
Churchill did not want to agree with Germany.
He spoke with Chamberlain, and soon Chamberlain began to agree with Churchill.
The result was that Britain
he looked at his wife
People disagree about Chamberlain.
Some people think that his actions were like a marshmellow because did not stop Hitler and the Nazis.
Other people say that he gave Britain and France more time to get ready for war.
Dilks, David.
Neville Chamberlain, volume 1: Pioneering and Reform, 1869-1929 Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Dutton, David.
Neville Chamberlain.
Hodder Arnold, 2001eiling, Keith.
The Life of Neville Chamberlain.
Macmillan & Co. Ltd, 1946.
The Roots of Appeasement.
New American Library, 1966.
Self, Robert.
Neville Chamberlain: A Biography.
Ashgate, 2006
Wheeler-Bennett, John Munich : Prologue to Tragedy, New York : Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1948.
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
University of Birmingham Special Collections—the political papers of Neville Chamberlain
Downing Street website
The Struggle for Peace by Neville Chamberlain
English Christians
Politicians from Birmingham
A quadratic equation is an equation in the form of , where a is not equal to 0.
It makes a parabola (a "U" shape) when graphed on a coordinate plane.
When people work with quadratic equations, one of the most common things they do is to solve it.
This means to find the points on a coordinate grid where the graphed equation crosses the x-axis, or the horizontal axis.
These points are called the "zeroes", or "roots", of a function.
In other words, to solve the equation means to find the value of x so that , where the coefficients, a, b, and c, are all real numbers.
There are different ways to find out the value of x. Plotting the function on a graph is one way.
In the picture on the right, the function crosses the x-axis at the points  and .
Graphing a quadratic equation makes it is very easy to find the roots, but it is not always convenient.
So there are different ways to do this using math.
Some quadratic equations, like , can be factorized.
This equation can be written as , which produces two separate equations,  and .
This is because when any of the two equations is equal to zero, the original equation is equal to zero because the two equations are multiplied together to form the quadratic equation.
From this equation, it is easy to use algebra to find out what the value of x is.
In the first of the two equations,  and in the second, .
This means that these two values of x will make the whole quadratic equation equal to zero.
The y-coordinate is equal to zero at these values of x, and so the coordinates  and  are the places where the graph of the function crosses the x-axis.
Completing the square
Not all quadratic equations can be factorized, such as .
One of the ways to solve these kinds of equations is called completing the square.
This means to find some value for "k" below so that: for some y. Since  and  this means
Divide the equation by the value of a (here, a is equal to 5):
Move the number term (the one without any coefficients, here ) to the other side:
Complete the square by adding  to both sides on the equation, as was described above.
This value here is .
This gives , and the left side can be factored to give
Find the square root of both sides.
The  is there since the square root is for both positive and negative values:
Finally, move the number term to the other side to get a value for x:
This last value for x has two values:  and .
These are the x-coordinates at the points where the y-coordinates are equal to zero and so the function crosses the x-axis.
It is also interesting to note that the vertex of the function, , can be found from the equation in step 3 above.
Although completing the square can be used to solve many quadratic equations, it does not work with every equation.
There is a way to find the value of x that makes the equation true by replacing the values in a formula with the coefficients from the quadratic equation.
This is called the "quadratic formula", which is:
The numbers represented by a, b, and c are the same as those in the original equation, .
For this formula to work properly, a cannot be equal to 0 for the formula (but really, when a = 0 in the original equation, it is not quadratic since there is no x-squared term).
The factored form of this equation is , where s and t are the zeros, a is a constant, and y and the two values of x are ordered pairs which satisfy the equation.
Proof of the formula
The quadratic formula can be found out, or proved, using the same completing the square method from above, only by using a, b, and c instead of actual values and using algebra to find the value of x. Here is how:
Divide the equation by a:
Move  to the other side:
Complete the square by adding  to both sides on the equation, which gives:  The left side is now a perfect square; it is the square of The right side can be a single fraction, with a common denominator :
Find the square root of both sides:
Finally, move  to the other side:
Using the quadratic formula
Now that the value of x has been found out, the values of a, b, and c are replaced with the corresponding coefficients from the original equation.
For example, going back to the second example,  , it can be seen that the values are , , and .
By putting these values into the quadratic formula and solving, the result is:
Solving the two square roots, the value of x can be either 1.148 or -0.348, which is the same as above.
Unlike the other methods described above, the quadratic equation will work with every possible value for a, b, and c, even if there are no "real roots", that is, places where the graph of the function touches the x-axis.
The value inside the square root, that is, , is known as the discriminant.
It can tell whether the roots are real or Imaginary.
There are three cases:
If the discriminant is positive, there will be two values for x and therefore two separate roots, one at each place where the graph crosses the x-axis.
If the discriminant is equal to zero, there is only one value for x, but there are in fact two roots which are equal.
The graph touches the x-axis at its vertex, but does not cross it.
If the discriminant is negative, there is no real value of x. On a graph, the function does not even touch the x-axis, but the roots are still there.
The value of the roots here is a complex number, which uses the value  i to represent .
Online calculators - Quadratic equation
At first Attac demanded only the introduction of the so-called Tobin tax on currency speculation.
Now it fights for many issues related to globalisation.
Therefore, it reports about the decisions of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
ATTAC attends the meetings of the G8 with the goal of influencing policymakers' decisions.
Though ATTAC criticises the neoliberal ideology dominating economic globalisation, it is not "anti-globalisation".
One of ATTAC's slogans is "The World is not for sale", denouncing the "merchandisation" of society.
ATTAC homepage
ATTAC.info
"Disarming the Markets", editorial by Ignacio Ramonet
Term Paper about ATTAC
1998 establishments
A threat is basically a declaration of intent to inflict punishment or harm or loss on another.
However, in many cases the threat is not believed, or may even be a joke.
Like other communications a threat has a context, and the context decides its meaning.
A child who says "I'll tell my dad" may learn from the reply "I'm so scared!"
that the threat is an idle threat: one that is promises harm that cannot or will not actually be inflicted.
To encourage compliance, a threat to do harm may be mixed with an offer to do good, conditional upon what the recipient does.
This is sometimes called a throffer.
The threat part may be implied, yet effective.
Some countries, such as the United States, have a legal concept of true threat.
A true threat is a threatening communication which can be prosecuted under the law.
A threat can describe a situation of danger: for example "a terrorist threat".
Many countries have a system where the government can adjust its security by having official threat levels.
Promotion includes:
Publicity and public relations
Promotion for marketing includes additionally:
Personal selling
Non-personal selling
Tradeshows
Product placement
For example, arranging  that a product is used on a television programme or in a movie so that the viewer can see the brand name or symbol or logo.
The subject or question of a debate
A single instance of a serial publication, such as a journal, magazine or a newspaper.
Issue (legal), a point disputed by parties to a lawsuit.
Issue (computers), a generalization of the term bug.
Social issue, an issue which affects many people in a society
In project management, an issue is the result of an event that has occurred and has a positive or negative impact on the project and should be analyzed and dealt with via actions.
Fireflies are a family of beetles called the Lampyridae.
These beetles are special in that most of them have bioluminescence, the ability to produce light.
They are sometimes called  'lightning bugs' or 'forest stars'.
There are about 2000 different species, most of which are nocturnal.
Adults use flashes of light to attract mates.
Also, firefly larvae flash their lights to warn predators that they are not a tasty meal.
Many predators do not like the taste of firefly larvae.
A firefly is an insect, so it has an exoskeleton and three body parts.
Much like an annual cicada, they are usually soft-bodied, often with the elytra (front wings) more leathery than in other beetles.
All fireflies glow as larvae.
Bioluminescence serves a different function in lampyrid larvae than it does in adults.
It appears to be a warning signal to predators, since many firefly larvae contain chemicals that are distasteful or toxic.
Light in adult beetles was originally thought to be used for similar warning purposes, but its main purpose is now thought to be mate selection.
They have evolved a variety of ways to communicate with mates in courtships: steady glows, flashing, and the use of chemical signals unrelated to photic systems.
Fireflies live in tropical climates in the United States, Latin America, Caribbean Island, and South East Asia.
They also live east of Rocky Mountains.
Fireflies like to live in damp areas and dry areas.
Examples of damp areas are rain forests, streams, marshes, ponds and leaf piles.
Examples of dry areas are backyards and meadows.
Halfmann, Janet 1999.
Fireflies.
Smart Apple Media
Pierre Stephanie 2002.
Heinemann, Library
Bioluminescent animals
Phengodidae is a family of glow-worm beetles.
Their larvae are also glow-worms.
The family occurs only in the New World, and has about 30 genera.
Both the females and larvae are bioluminescent: they have organs that can produce light.
This family is different from the fireflies (family Lampyridae).
The larvae and the females (which keep their larval form) are predators.
They feed on millipedes and other animals they find in the soil and litter.
Males are winged.
They are attracted to lights at night.
They are probably short-lived and do not feed at all.
In some species, adult males can also produce light.
Females have organs that produce a green or yellow light on their trunks.
Some of them (called railroad worms) also have such an organ in front, which can produce a red light.
Arachnocampa is a family of flies.
They are also called Fungus gnats.
They occur in Australia and New Zealand.
Their larvae are glowworms.
They were called Bolitphila (mushroom-lovers) until 1924.
Then people found out that their larvae use silk threads to catch prey.
Their current name means spider-grub.
is a Japanese author and manga artist.
She made popular manga books such as Ranma ½ and InuYasha.
She is the richest woman in Japan and her manga is loved all over the world.
She joined Gekiga Sonjuku college: a manga school run by Kazuo Koike, also a manga artist.
With the school's help, she managed to make a "doujinshi" (self-published work mostly for beginners) manga artwork, for example, Bye-Bye Road and Star of Futile Dust.
Beginning of professional work (as a real job)
She first started with Those Selfish Aliens in 1978, followed by Time Warp Trouble, Shake Your Buddha, and The Golden Gods of Poverty, published in Shonen Sunday - this place was to become the publisher of her most important works.
Later in this year, she tried to work on Urusei Yatsura (Lamu, the invader girl), her first full series of books.
This had some publishing problems, but even so, it became the most loved manga comedy in Japan.
Major and important works
In 1980, she wrote a lot of books.
The most important was Maison Ikkoku from 1980 to 1987.
She finished both Urusei Yatsura (34 books) with Maison Ikkoku (15 books).
After that she began a dark, story telling type of manga - the Mermaid Saga, finished at 1994, with the story Mermaid's mask.
It is thought to be unfinished because it did not have a note to tell the reader it was ended.
One-pound Gospel was her next book.
It was nearly not finished because of the ending similar to Mermaid Saga, with the last story done in 2001.
At late 1987, she began another major manga called Ranma ½. It ended in 1996 with 38 books altogether.
During 1990s, she began InuYasha.
It was a magical story very similar to Mermaid Saga.
Rumiko Takahashi had said that she would make it up to 500 chapters and 50 books.
That would make it the longest she has ever made for now.
Anime based on her manga
In 1981, Urusei Yatsura was the first work to become an anime.
This series began showing on October 14 at the Japanese television by a studio called Kitty Animation.
This had many different directors during the making of this anime.
The most well known director was Mamoru Oshii.
He also directed the second Urusei Yatsura movie, Beautiful Dreamer.
This is thought to be his best work for the anime.
Kitty Animation also made the anime of Maison Ikkoku in 1986 (with 96 episodes and 4 Original Video Animation (OVA)s, which are animes made only on video but not on TV).
It also made Ranma ½ in anime.
Kitty Animation stopped because of problems, and Ranma ½ anime also stopped during episode 161.
Sunrise was the next studio to make animes out of Rumiko Takahashi's mangas.
They made 167 episodes of InuYasha animes, started on 2000 and ending in 2004.
As with Ranma ½, InuYasha did not finish.
This was because the manga InuYasha was too long to continue in anime.
The Mermaid Saga anime was made in 2003 for 13 series of the manga.
The later animes are from her short mangas: The Tragedy of P, The Merchant of Romance, Middle-Aged Teen, Hidden In The Pottery, Aberrant Family F, As Long As You Are Here, One Hundred Years of Love, In Lieu of Thanks, Living Room Lovesong, House of Garbage, One Day Dream, Extra-Large Size Happiness and The Executive's Dog.
Effect of her works in Western world (outside Japan)
Takahashi is still popular in Europe, mostly in France.
Viz Media is the studio that translated most of the animes in English.
At early 1990s, they began to translate Urusei Yatsura the anime.
Because it was difficult to translate the Japanese way of life/culture and the confusing puns and wordplay, they stopped the series.
Mermaid Saga, Maison Ikkoku and Inuyasha could go on even so.
Ranma ½ was popular for English-speakers.
It was shown all over the world.
Viz also showed InuYasha anime on Adult Swim, where it was very popular.
InuYasha is the very popular even now.
Even with many of her works having Japanese cultures that is difficult to understand in them, the believable characters in them and their feelings are easy to understand all over the world.
Rumiko Takahashi , a fan-produced biography
Rumiko No Sekai French website on Rumiko Takahashi manga
Rumiko Takahashi entry at Anime.com
Takahashi's Work
Japanese manga artists
People from Niigata Prefecture
Debate or debating is a method of argument.
Disputes and conflicts may be settled by debate.
It is a larger form of argument than logical argument, because in a debate, the debaters try to influence the feelings of the audience, in order to persuade them on a topic.
The subject or issue of the debate is the question on which the participants debate.
An issue or debate always has two sides or positions.
Informal debates like discussion are very common, but the quality of a debate improves with knowledge and skill of its participants as debaters.
Deliberative bodies such as parliaments, legislative assemblies, and meetings of all sorts have debates.
The winner of a debate may be decided by the audience's vote, by judges, or by both.
Formal debates between candidates for an elected office are common in places where leaders of countries are chosen by the people.
The most well-known of these debates are between candidates for the President and Vice President of the United States, and leaders debates between leaders of parties in Parliament in countries like Great Britain and Canada.
In natural language and in cognitive decision-making, alternative is  one of two things/(abstract or real objects)/actions which can be chosen.
From a specific perspective/(point of view)/goal, alternatives are always equivalent.
In different contexts alternative (or Alternativism) may refer to :
Alternative rock, a style of rock music
Alternative dance and Alternative metal, subgenres of alternative rock
Alternative hip-hop
Alternative algebra, an abstract algebra with alternative multiplication
Alternative comics, one of several labels applied to a range of comic strips and books
Alternative comedy, a range of styles used by comedians and writers in the 1980s
Alternative culture, a variety of subcultures outside or on the fringes of so-called accepted mainstream culture
Alternative dispute resolution, processes and techniques outside the traditional mainstream of jurisprudence
Alternative lifestyle, a lifestyle that it is not within the generally perceived cultural norm
Alternative media, media practices falling outside the mainstreams of corporate communication
Alternative medicine, methods and practices used in place of, or in addition to, conventional medical treatments
Alternative society, alternative models for society and social change
Alternative education, alternatives to traditional education
Alternative school, a school geared towards students whose needs cannot be met in the traditional school such as underachievers who do not qualify for special education, rather than educational alternatives for all students
, born  Wú Bǎifú (吳百福) in Taiwanese (March 5, 1910 - January 5, 2007) was the founder and chairman of Nissin Food Products Co., Ltd., and the inventor of the modern instant noodle, ramen.
Ando was born to Taiwanese parents in Kagi (currently Chiayi), Taiwan and grew up an orphan in Tainan City.
In 1948, Momofuku Ando founded what was to become Nissin in Ikeda, Osaka, Japan.
It was a small family-run company at first.
On August 25, 1958, at the age of 48, and after months of trial and error experimentation, Ando announced that he had finally perfected his flash-frying method and therefore invented the instant noodle.
Called Chikin Ramen, after the original flavour, it was originally considered a luxury food item as it cost around six times that of traditional non-instant udon and soba noodles.
Ando began sales of the Cup noodles on September 18, 1971.
As prices dropped, ramen soon became a booming business.
An estimated 70 billion servings were sold in 2004.
In 1964, looking for a way to promote the instant noodle industry, Ando founded the Instant Food Industry Association which set guidelines for fair competition and product quality, introducing several industry standards such as the inclusion of production dates on packaging and the "fill to" line.
The Momofuku Ando Instant Ramen Museum is named after Ando.
Ando was also the chairman of the International Ramen Manufacturers’ Association.
He died on January 5, 2007 of heart failure in Osaka Prefecture at the age of 96.
Japanese inventors
Taiwanese businesspeople
Inclusive disjunction (also known as logical or): at least one of the arguments is true
OR gate, the logic gate
Exclusive disjunction (also known as XOR): exactly one of the arguments is true
Meiosis, a type of cell division
Disjunct distribution, when populations of the same taxon are widely separated between two or more areas
A demon or daemon is a supernatural bad,  powerful or malevolent being in many world religions.
The word 'demon' has different meanings all over the world, but often there is the idea that they are spirits that lived in a place, or went with a person.
The word is also used for a type of computer program that does useful things in the background of a computer, but this use is not related to the religious meaning.
In religion, folklore, and mythology
A demon is usually thought to be a supernatural creature that is an evil spirit.
Demons are often described as being summoned by someone, and then either being sent to do works of evil, or to create chaos. "
To demonize" means to make someone appear evil.
In a few writings, there are also good demons, for example in stories by James Clerk Maxwell, Hesiod and Shakespeare.
In Indo-European mythology and traditions of Iranian Avestan and Vedic, the idea of "demons" was there for many years.
Ancient Egyptians thought of demons as "monsters" that ate souls of people when they went to the afterlife.
In ancient Greek mythology, there are also daemons but they were thought to be invisible protectors that they believed protected them.
In the book Northern Lights by Philip Pullman, a daemon is said to be a creature that everyone has as part of the body.
So if it is far away from someone, that person would feel hurt.
"Monotheistic" religions (that say there is one God) usually teach that demons are rebels and under God at all times.
The English poet John Milton describes Satan as rebelling against God but losing, and being allowed to survive only by God's grace.
In some "polytheistic" religions, demons are equal to gods.
In Hinduism, the demon-goddess Kali represents destruction and thus from a human standpoint is "bad".
Western belief
The grimoire (medieval book about magical beliefs) called Ars Goetia, writes about 72 demons that a king has called and put in a bronze container sealed by magical symbols.
The demons had to do whatever the king said.
This book is all about spirits and demons, good and evil, that were called by magic.
Christians believe that demons were angels that went bad.
They fought against God, who won the battle with Michael (see Book of Revelation chapter 12) God sent the bad demons into a prison called Hell and they could not see God now for the punishment.
Those demons are called the fallen angels.
Western beliefs about demons come from the Bible.
The Bible does not mention the origin of demons.
The idea that demons are fallen angels comes mostly from Augustine of Hippo.
Middle Eastern belief
In the Greek New Testament and Hebrew Old Testament, demons are said to be bad.
In Hebrew, demons are called .
In other Hebrew writings, they do not come from heaven, but came from another world and made much troubles.
They gave diseases too.
And they have a prince who is not God, but a demon.
The notion of demons derive from Zoroastrianism, an ancient Iranian religion.
They called the demons deva.
Zorastrians believed that the Hindu deities (deva) were evil and caused injustice among humans.
Therefore, they believed the deva are evil.
Jews back when believed these deva were real, but the demons of their own religion.
In Islam, djinns are creatures that cannot be seen by people most of the time, made of fire by God (Allah), with special powers to help and harm people.
Djinns, like humans, have free will and must choose to serve and obey God (Allah).
Like demons, djinns can possess people, but they are not only evil.
The deva were called div by Muslims.
Unlike the djinns, div were not created to choose and have no free-will.
Muslim scholars could only speculate about their origin.
Some think they have been created by God, even before the djinns, others thought they are created a company for Satan.
Eastern Belief
In Hinduism, demons are called asuras.
Patala is thought to be an underground place below the Earth, where humans live.
Asura means supernatural beings that were good or bad.
People who do evil and horrible things in their lives, by reincarnation, will turn into evil, ghost spirits called Vetalas, Pishachas, Bhūtas.
The most evil people reincarnate in hell as  demons.
In Japanese folklore, there are malevolent spirits called oni  (鬼), a Japanese word translatable as "demon" in English.
Native American Belief
Age and InuYasha
In InuYasha, a fictional manga, yokai (Japanese for supernatural creatures and translated demon in English) cannot die easily and they age more slowly than humans.
A daemon is a type of program found in computers running operating systems based on Unix like Linux, BSD, and Mac OS X. (In Windows these programs are usually called "services" instead.)
It usually starts when the computer starts, and does useful things.
Some daemons start other programs after waiting until a certain time of day, or wait for you to ask for a file from another computer.
The term is a reference to Maxwell's Demon, not religion.
Demons in the Catechism of the Catholic Church: Hyperlinked references to demons in the online Catechism of the Catholic Church
Dictionary of the History of Ideas:  Demonology
A to Z list of Demons
The attack happened on January 31, 1996, in Colombo, the capital city of Sri Lanka.
A truck with about 440 pounds (200 kg) of high explosives crashed through the main gate of the Central Bank, a seaside building which managed most of the financial business of the country.
As gunmen and security guards were shooting, the suicide bomber in the truck detonated the massive bomb, which badly damaged the bank and damaged eight other buildings nearby.
The explosion killed 90 people and injured 1,400 others.
Most of these were ordinary citizens or civilians working in the small shops set up near the bank.
This bombing was followed by the 1996 Dehiwala train bombing in July that killed 64 people.
1990s building bombings
1990s crimes in Asia
1990s disasters in Asia
Car and truck bombings in Asia
Terrorist incidents in the 1990s
A ledger line is a short line used in musical notation to write notes which would otherwise be too high or too low to put on any of the five lines on the staff.
A short line (slightly longer than the note) is drawn parallel to the lines on the staff, and the note head is placed on that line or in the space below or above it.
Notes with at least three or four ledger lines are rarely used for composing and arranging.
It is easier to change the clef or use the “8va” sign (called "ottava" sign), which means the notes should be played an octave higher or lower than it is written, depending on whether the sign is above or below the staff.
2001. "
Leger [Ledger] Line".
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell.
London: Macmillan Publishers.
1974. "
Playing from Original Notation".
Early Music 2, no.
1 (January): 15–19.
Read, Gardner.
Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice, second edition.
Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Reprinted, New York: Taplinger Publishing Company, 1979.
A clef is a sign at the beginning of a staff of music which makes it possible for the player to work out what the notes are.
The word “clef” is a French word meaning “key”.
The original Latin word is “clavis”.
It is the “key” to understanding which notes should be played.
The staff (or “stave”) consists of five lines across the page.
The notes are placed on these lines and in these spaces.
The staff is only large enough to cover one and a half octaves of music (a bit more with ledger lines).
Therefore, different clefs are used for high music and for low music.
Treble clef
The treble clef is drawn by starting with a circle in the middle, then going up, round and straight down with a hook at the end.
The second line of the staff (counting from the bottom) goes through the middle of the treble clef’s circle.
A note on this line is a G.  This is why the treble clef is called a “G clef”.
The treble clef is used for high notes.
The notes higher than Middle C can be written in the treble clef.
In piano music the right hand is usually written in the treble clef.
Music for instruments such as the violin, flute, oboe, recorder, trumpet and high singing voice are always written in the treble clef.
Alto clef (Viola clef)
The alto clef is an example of a “C clef”.
The middle of a C clef points to Middle C.  In the alto clef Middle C is on the third line of the staff.
Viola music is written in this clef, which is why it is also called the “viola clef”.
Alto trombone players also need to be able to read the alto clef.
Tenor clef
The tenor clef is another C clef.
Middle C is on the fourth line up.
Tenor trombone players need to be able to read the tenor clef.
Cellists,  Double bass players and bassoonists also need to read tenor clef when their music goes high.
Bass clef
The bass clef is normally used for the left hand in piano music.
Low instruments like the cello, double bass, and bassoon mostly read from the bass clef.
It is an F clef because the two dots are on either side of the fourth line up which is an F below Middle C.
Choice of clef
The choice of clef used depends on the music.
The music for a pianist’s left hand may be written in the bass clef, and the right hand notes may be in the treble clef.
for low bass intoments.
How to learn three important clefs
At the center of the image shown is middle C, at a frequency of 261.63 Hz.
Other names for it are C4 or c'.
It is located at the center line of the alto clef.
But on the bass or alto clefs it resides one ledger below or above the staff, respectively.
The two C notes that are above c' are shown to the left and right, on the bass and treble staffs.
The three clefs are staggered so that all three middle Cs are aligned on a single horizontal line.
To facilitate the teaching of these clefs, the lines of the bass and treble clef are marked.
A mnemonic for remembering GBDFA on the bass clef is "good bikes don't fall apart".
For the treble clef, one can learn "every good bird does fly" for the lines marked EFBDF.
The first idea that it could be useful came from the economist James Tobin.
The tax is meant to put a penalty on short-term speculation in currencies.
The proposed tax rate would be low, between 0.1% to 0.25%.
On August 15, 1971, Richard Nixon told that it would no longer be possible to change the US dollar to gold, so ended the Bretton Woods system.
Tobin suggested a new system for international currency stability, and proposed that such a system include a charge on foreign-exchange transactions.
Professor Tobin later received a Nobel Prize in Economics in 1981.
The idea was nearly forgotten for more than 20 years.
In 1997 Ignacio Ramonet, editor of Le Monde Diplomatique, started the debate around the Tobin tax again with an editorial titled "Disarming the markets".
Ramonet proposed to create an association for the introduction of this tax, which was named ATTAC (Association for the Taxation of financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens).