the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He also had a role in The Santa Clause, Toy Story, and Galaxy Quest.
Actors from Denver, Colorado
Comedians from Denver, Colorado
WTTE is a television station in Columbus, Ohio.
It is part of the FOX television network.
They first broadcast in 1984 as a general entertainment station.
In 1986, joined the FOX network.
They have news called Good Day Columbus and FOX 28 News at 10 which is the most watched late news in Columbus, Ohio .
The AND gate is a logic gate that outputs 1 (true) only when both of its inputs are 1 (true).
Since 0 is false, AND outputs the product (result of multiplication) of its inputs.
That means that if either or both of its inputs are 0, the output will be 0 (zero multiplied by any real number is zero).
Gárdony, "the capital of Lake Velencei", is a holiday resort on the south side of the lake.
It is 45 kilometers from Budapest and 20 kilometers from Székesfehérvár.
It has active recreation, entertainment facilities, different kinds of accommodation and restaurants for the whole year.
Gárdony.hu
Jean Frédéric Bazille (6 December 1841 – 28 November 1870) was a French painter.
He was born in Montpellier.
He was killed in action in the Franco-Prussian War.
It was at the Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande in France while leading his unit into a assault on the German position.
He died at the age of 28.
F major is the home key of the English horn, the basset horn, the horn in F, the trumpet in F and the bass Wagner tuba.
This means that if you want these instruments to sound in F major, you have to write in C major.
Most of these sound a perfect fifth lower than written, except the trumpet in F which sounds a perfect fourth higher. (
The basset horn also often sounds an octave and a fifth lower.)
List of compositions in F Major
Brandenburg Concertos Nos 1 & 2 - Johann Sebastian Bach
19 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
6 in F Major, Op.
68, "Pastoral" - Ludwig van Beethoven
3 in F Major, Op.
90 - Johannes Brahms
2 (Shostakovich) - Dimitri Shostakovich
3 in F major, Op.
8, RV 293, "L'autunno" - Antonio Vivaldi
Scales and keys
he:סולם מז'ורי#פה מז'ור
Also see: E major, or E-flat minor.
E minor (Em, Mim) is a  minor scale based on the note E.  Its key signature has one sharp, F  Its relative major is G major.
A lot of classical guitar music is in E minor, because this key is very suited for the instrument.
When it is tuned normally, four of the instrument's six strings are part of the tonic chord.
The key is also very popular in heavy metal music, because the lowest note on a guitar, E, can be used a lot.
Famous classical music in this key
4 - Johannes Brahms
Nocturne in E Minor - Frédéric Chopin
1 - Frédéric Chopin
Prelude in E Minor (Chopin) - Frédéric Chopin
9 "From the New World" - Antonín Dvořák
Cello Concerto - Edward Elgar
44 "Trauer" - Joseph Haydn
7 - Gustav Mahler
Violin Concerto in E Minor - Felix Mendelssohn
3 - Nicolò Paganini
2 - Sergei Rachmaninov
Vocalise Op.
34 No.
14 - Sergei Rachmaninov
10 - Dmitri Shostakovich
1 - Jean Sibelius
5 - Tchaikovsky
6 - Ralph Vaughan Williams
Concerto for Bassoon, Strings, and continuo, RV 484 - Antonio Vivaldi
Slavonic Dances No.
2 Op.
72 - Antonín Dvořák
B major or B-flat major is a major scale starting on B-flat.
Its key signature has two flats.
B-flat major is a good key for most wind instruments, especially those for which it is their home key, such as clarinets, trumpets, saxophones, and the flutes in B-flat.
Because of this, many works for concert bands (those you might have played in while you were at school) are written in this or a closely related key such as F major or E-flat major.
Haydn's Symphony No.
98, which had both trumpet and timpani, is known as the first symphony that anyone had written in that key.
Actually, his brother Michael Haydn had written one earlier.
However, Joseph Haydn still gets credit for writing the timpani part at actual pitch with an F major key signature (instead of transposing with a C major key signature), something that made things easier and made more sense.
Well-known classical compositions in this key
Brandenburg Concerto No.
6 (Bach)
15 (Mozart)
27 (Mozart)
13 (Beethoven)
Piano Sonata No.
29 (Beethoven)
21 (Schubert)
2 (Brahms)
5 (Prokofiev)
Mozart's use of G Minor
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart thought that G minor was the most suitable key for showing sadness and tragedy, and many of his minor key works are in G minor, such as the Piano Quartet No.
1 and the String Quintet in G minor.
G minor is the only minor key he used as a main key for his numbered symphonies (No.
25, and the famous No.
In the Classical period, symphonies in G minor almost always used four horns, two in G and two in B-flat alto.
G minor symphonies like Mozart's No.
25 often used E flat major for the slow movement, including Haydn's No.
39 and Vanhal's G minor symphony from before 1771 (Bryan Gm1).
Famous classical music in G minor
Fantasia and Fugue in G minor "The Great", BWV 542- Bach
83 "The Hen" - Haydn
40 - Mozart
Ballade No.
1 in G minor - Chopin
Polonaise in G minor - Chopin
2 - Saint-Saëns
Slavonic Dance No.
8 in G minor - Dvořák
Sicilliene, Op.
78 - Fauré
Prelude in G Minor - Rachmaninoff
Sonata for Cello and Piano in G minor - Rachmaninoff
Most of Verdi's Requiem (the Dies Irae), is in G minor.
2 in G minor, Op.
8, RV 315, "Summer" from The Four Seasons - Antonio Vivaldi
Adagio in G minor - "Albinoni's Adagio", now said to be written by Remo Giazotto
Violin Concerto No.
26 - Max Bruch
Christmas Concerto - Arcangelo Corelli
Also see: D minor.
D major is a  major scale based on D. Its key signature has two sharps.
Its relative minor is B minor.
D major is good for violin music because of the structure of the instrument, which has its four strings tuned to G D A E.  The open strings resonate with the D string, producing a special rich sound.
Because of this, many classical composers chose to write violin concertos in D major.
Examples include Mozart's (No.
2, 1775, No.
4, 1775); Ludwig van Beethoven's (1806); Paganini's (No.
1, 1817); Brahms's (1878); Tchaikovsky's (1878); Prokofiev's (No.
1, 1917); Stravinsky's (1931); and Korngold's (1945).
For some beginning wind instrument students, however, D major is not a very good key, because it transposes to E major for B flat instruments.
E major has four sharps, which is harder for new learners to play.
Still, the clarinet in B-flat is often used for music in D major.
It is probably the key with the most sharps that it can play well.
However, when some composers write a piece in D minor with B-flat clarinets, they change to clarinets in A if the music changes to D major.
In the Baroque period, D major was seen as "the key of glory"; so many trumpet pieces were in D major.
Examples include concertos by Fasch, Gross, Molter (No.
2), Leopold Mozart, Telemann (No.
2), and Giuseppe Torelli; sonatas by Corelli, Franceschini, Purcell, Torelli; and "The Trumpet Shall Sound" and the "Hallelujah" chorus from Handel's Messiah.
23 of Haydn's 104 symphonies are in D major, making it the most often used main key of his symphonies.
A great number of Mozart's unnumbered symphonies are in D major, namely K. 66c, 81/73, 97/73m, 95/73n, 120/111a and 161/163/141a.
The symphony came from the overture, and "D major was by far the most common key for overtures in the second half of the eighteenth century."
B minor is a minor scale based on B.  The harmonic minor raises the A to A.  Its key signature has two sharps.
In Baroque times, people thought that B minor was the key of passive suffering.
Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (1739-1791) said that it was a key that was complaining gently and quietly, something that matches Bach's use of the key in the St. John's Passion.
By Beethoven's time, B minor had changed in people's minds: Francesco Galeazzi wrote that B minor was not suitable for music in good taste, and Beethoven labelled a B minor melodic idea in one of his sketchbooks as a "black key".
The chord was famously used as the first chord in Pink Floyd's 1979 hit "Comfortably Numb".
The second movement of Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez, one of the most famous compositions for the classical guitar, is in B minor.
Well-known Classical pieces in this key
3 (Saint-Saëns) - Camille Saint-Saëns
Mass in B minor - Johann Sebastian Bach
Piano Sonata in B minor - Franz Liszt
3 in B Minor, Op.
58 - Frédéric Chopin
Waltz Opus 69 No.
2 in B Minor - Frédéric Chopin
2 in B Minor (La Campanella) - Niccolò Paganini
8 in B minor - Franz Schubert
6 in B Minor, Op.
74 (Pathétique) - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
E lucevan le stelle from Tosca'' - Giacomo Puccini
Cello Concerto in B minor - Antonín Dvořák
Concerto for 4 Violins and Cello, RV 580 (Concerto No.
10 from L'estro Armonico) - Antonio Vivaldi
C minor is a minor scale based on C. The harmonic minor raises the B to B. Its key signature has three flats.
When written in jazz notation, its short form is Cm.
Use in classical music
In the Baroque period, music in C minor was usually written with a two-flat key signature.
When this music is printed today, sometimes it is still printed in the same way.
C minor has had the meaning of heroic struggle from Beethoven's time and the composer wrote many of his most emotional, dramatic works in this key.
This has also been done by many others, following Beethoven's style.
Cello Suite No.
5 BWV 1011: VI.
Gigue - Johann Sebastian Bach
Great Mass in C minor (Mozart) - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
24 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
3 - Ludwig van Beethoven
5 (Beethoven), op.
67 (1804-8)
“Choral Fantasy” in C minor, op.
80 (1808), Beethoven
8 in C minor (Pathétique) - Ludwig van Beethoven
32 (Beethoven) - Ludwig van Beethoven
2 (Tchaikovsky) “Little Russian” in C minor, op.
17 (1872)
8 - Anton Bruckner
2 in C minor - Sergei Rachmaninov
Étude Op.
12 - Fryderyk Chopin
Prélude No.
20, Op.
28 - Fryderyk Chopin
Nocturne in C minor Op.
48, No.1 - Fryderyk Chopin
4 - Dmitri Shostakovich
8 - Dmitri Shostakovich
Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor - Bach
2 - Gustav Mahler
List of symphonies in C minor
Its relative minor is F-sharp minor.
The key of A-major is the only key where a Neapolitan sixth chord on  needs both a flat and a natural accidental.
There are not as many symphonies in A major as in D major or G major, but more than other sharp keys.
Beethoven's Symphony No.
7, Bruckner's Symphony No.
6 and Mendelssohn's Symphony No.
4 are almost all the symphonies in this key in the Romantic era.
Mozart's Clarinet Concerto and Clarinet Quintet are both in A major.
Mozart used clarinets in A major often.
In chamber music, A major is used a lot.
Johannes Brahms, César Franck, and Gabriel Fauré wrote violin sonatas in A major.
Peter Cropper said that A major "is the fullest sounding key for the violin.",
when he was talking about Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata.
When music for orchestra is in A major, the timpani are normally set to A and E a fifth apart.
In most other keys, they are set a fourth apart.
Colin Lawson, Mozart: Clarinet Concerto, A Cambridge Music Handbook, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
F-sharp minor is a minor scale based on F sharp.
Many people think it is a melancholy and gloomy key.
Johann Mattheson wrote that 'F minor, although it leads to great distress, nevertheless is more languid and love-sick than lethal.
Moreover, it has something abandoned, singular, and misanthropic about it.'
Famous music in this key
Very few symphonies are written in this key.
Haydn's Farewell Symphony is one famous example.
George Frederick Bristow and Dora Pejačević also wrote symphonies in this key.
Mozart's only composition in this key is the second movement to his Piano Concerto No.
23 in A major.
2 of Chopin's 52 mazurkas, and 1 of his nocturnes are in this key, though he seems to have liked the related key C-sharp minor better.
Scriabin's Piano Sonata No.
3 is also in this key, and the 3rd movement of Beethoven's "Hammerklavier" Piano Sonata is too.
A. Morris, "Symphonies, Numbers And Keys" in Bob's Poetry Magazine, III.3 , 2006.
This is a very peaceful key.
It was used often by Franz Schubert.
Twenty-four of Frédéric Chopin's piano pieces are in A-flat major, more than any other key.
Beethoven chose A-flat major as the key of the slow movement for most of his C minor works.
This was also followed by Antonín Dvořák in his only C minor symphony and Anton Bruckner in his first two C minor symphonies.
Since A-flat major was not often chosen as the main key for orchestral music of the 18th century, passages or movements in the key often kept the timpani tuned the same way as they were in the movement before it.
For example, Beethoven's Symphony No.
5 in C minor has the timpani set to C and G for the first movement.
With hand-tuned timpani, there is no time to retune the timpani to A flat and E flat for the slow second movement in A flat.
In Bruckner's Symphony No.
1 in C minor, however, the timpani are retuned between the first movement in C minor and the following in A-flat major.
Edward Elgar's Symphony No.
1 in A-flat major is probably the best-known symphony in that key.
Arnold Bax's last symphony is also in the same key.
A-flat major is the major key with the most flats that Domenico Scarlatti used in his keyboard sonatas, though he used it only twice– in K. 127 and K. 130.
Felix Mendelssohn and John Field each wrote one piano concerto in A-flat.
F minor is a minor scale based on F. The harmonic minor raises the E to E.  Its key signature has four flats.
F minor is a key that people often link with passion.
Some famous pieces in the key of F minor are Beethoven's Appassionata Sonata, Haydn's Symphony No.
49 in F minor, La Passione, and Vivaldi's The Four Seasons.
In the Baroque period, music in F minor was usually written with a three-flat key signature.
Some modern printings of such music keeps it written that way.
Notable songs
Adele - Hello
Máni Svavarsson - We Are Number One
Notable compositions
11, Op.
95 "Serioso" – Ludwig van Beethoven
Violin Concerto L'inverno, RV 297, Op.
4 – Antonio Vivaldi
23, Op.
57 (Appassionata) – Ludwig van Beethoven
Fantasia in F minor – Franz Schubert
Fantaisie in F minor, Op.
49 – Frédéric Chopin
Harpsichord Concerto No.
5, BWV 1056 – Johann Sebastian Bach
4, Op.
52 – Chopin
Piano Quintet, Op.
34 – Johannes Brahms
2, Op.
21 – Chopin
E-sharp minor
The enharmonic equivalent of F minor is E-sharp minor.
It is a minor scale based on the musical note E♯. Its key signature has six sharps and one double sharp.
Also see: E minor, or E-flat major.
E major is a major scale with a base note of E. Its key signature has four sharps.
Its relative minor is C-sharp minor.
E major is hard for wind instruments to play.
It is quite good for violin, because two of the open strings are A and E, the tonic and subdominant.
Other orchestral string instruments can play well in it, and it is also good for the guitar.
When writing in E major, clarinets in A should be used instead of clarinets in B-flat to make it easier to play.
This is because clarinets are transposing instruments.
Symphonies in E major are quite rare, but the key is often used for concertos.
One of them is Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto.
Classical music in this key
There are very few symphonies written in this key.
One of them is by Joseph Martin Kraus, but he later rewrote it in C minor.
Another two are Mahler's Symphony No.
5 (though only the first movement is in C-sharp minor, and the finale is actually in D major) and Prokofiev's Symphony No.
Shostakovich's Violin Concerto No.
2 is also in C-sharp minor.
This key occurs more often in piano music.
Domenico Scarlatti wrotetwo keyboard sonatas in C-sharp minor, K. 246 and K. 247.
But after Beethoven's famous Moonlight Sonata, the key became more popular for piano.
Beethoven used this key again in the outer movements of his String Quartet No.
14 (Op.
131, 1826).
However, Johannes Brahms rewrote his C-sharp minor Piano Quartet to be published as Piano Quartet No.
3 in C minor, Op.
One of the most famous pieces in this key is Chopin's Fantaisie-Impromptu.
Other works include Chopin's Nocturnes  No.
7 (Op.
1) and No.
20 (Op.
posth.),
and his "Raindrop" Prelude in D-flat major (Op.
Waltz in C sharp minor (op.64 No.2) is another well known musical piece from Chopin that uses this particular key (along with D flat minor key).
Another very famous example of a work in C sharp minor is Rachmaninoff's Prelude in C-sharp minor (Op.
B minor or B-flat minor is a minor scale based on B-flat.
Its relative major is D-flat major, and its parallel major is B-flat major.
Its enharmonic equivalent is A-sharp minor.
B-flat minor is often seen as a "dark" key."
Tchaikovsky said that the oboe solo in B-flat minor in the second movement of his Symphony No.
4 was "the feeling that you get when you are all alone".
The old valveless horn could not play easily in B-flat minor.
In fact, the only example found in 18th century music is a modulation in the first minuet of Franz Krommer's Concertino in D major, Opus 80.
In classical music
Frédéric Chopin's Piano Sonata No.
2, Nocturne Op.
1, and Scherzo No.
Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Sonata No.
Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony No.
Peter Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No.
Peter Tchaikovsky's Marche Slave
Sir William Walton's Symphony No.
1In popular music
"Part-Time Lover" – Stevie Wonder
"Cannonball (Damien Rice song)" - Damien Rice
All eight songs on The Raveonettes' Whip It On'' album are in the key of B-flat minor.
Sune Rose Wagner said it was "Because Shostakovich's symphony no.
13 was in B flat minor."
The key signature for B major is the least sharp key signature with three "lines" of sharps.
In the treble clef, putting the sharp for A where it looks like it should be, next to the sharp for G, would mean that a ledger line would have to be used.
In the bass clef it would be possible to do this without a ledger line, but because sight reading is easier when both staves look the same, it is not usually done in piano music.
In the alto clef, used in orchestral music, the B major key signature is usually written in just two "lines" of sharps.
Although B major is usually thought of as a "far away" key because it has many sharps and is quite far from C major in the circle of fifths, Frédéric Chopin thought that it was the easiest scale of all to play, as its black notes fit the natural positions of the fingers well.
Because of this, it was often the first scale he taught to beginning piano students, leaving the scale of C major till last because he thought it was the hardest to play.
G-sharp minor is a minor scale based on G.  For the harmonic minor, the F is raised to F.
G-sharp minor is usually not used in orchestral music except to modulate, but it is more common in keyboard music, like Scriabin's sonatas.
For orchestration of piano music (writing it so an orchestra can play it), sometimes the music is transposed to G minor or A minor.
If G-sharp minor must be used, B-flat wind instruments should have their part written in B-flat minor, not A-sharp minor.
A. Morris, "Symphonies, Numbers and Keys" in Bob's Poetry Magazine, III.3 , 2006.
G-flat major is a major scale based on G-flat.
Its key signature has six flats.
Its relative minor is E-flat minor, and its parallel minor is G-flat minor.
This is usually replaced by F♯ minor because G♭ minor's two double-flats make it generally impractical to use.
Its enharmonic equivalent is F-sharp major, whose key signature also has six accidentals.
In writing music in E major for B-flat instruments, it is preferable to use a G-flat rather an F-sharp key signature.
E minor or E-flat minor is a minor scale based on E-flat.
Its relative major is G-flat major, and its parallel major is E-flat major.
Its enharmonic equivalent is D-sharp minor.
This key is not used much in orchestral music, and usually only to modulate.
It is used in some keyboard pieces and has been most popular in Russian pieces.
If piano music in this key must be arranged for orchestra, some people recommend transposing it into D minor or E minor.
In book 1 of the Well-Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian Bach, Prelude No.
8 is written in E-flat minor while the following Fugue is written in D-sharp minor.
In book 2, both movements are in D-sharp minor.
One of the few symphonies written in this key is Prokofiev's Symphony No.
A few other Soviet composers also wrote symphonies in this key, such as Eshpai, Janis Ivanovs (fourth symphony Atlantis, 1941), Ovchinnikov and Myaskovsky.
Rachmaninov's "Elegie", Op.
1 is in E-flat minor, as is his Études-Tableaux Op.
39 #5.
These pieces are noted for being dark and mysterious, a mood this key has.
This mood is shown even in the later jazz music "'Round Midnight" and "Take Five", which are also in the key.
The second movement to Gustav Mahler's Eighth Symphony has a long orchestral and choral introduction in E-flat minor.
The dark orchestral introduction to Beethoven's only oratorio, Christ on the Mount of Olives, is also in this key.
F-sharp major is a major scale based on F-sharp.
Its key signature has six sharps.
Use of this key
This key is not used often in orchestral music except to modulate.
It is used more often in piano music, like Scriabin's sonatas.
When piano music in this key needs to be arranged for orchestra, sometimes it is better to change it to F or G major.
If F-sharp major needs to be used, transposing instruments in B flat should have their music written in A-flat major, not G-sharp major.
F-sharp major is the key of Beethoven's Piano Sonata, Op.
78, of Chopin's Barcarolle, of Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No.
2, of Mahler's unfinished Tenth Symphony, Erich Korngold's Symphony Op.
40, and Scriabin's Fourth Sonata.
D-sharp minor is a minor scale based on D .
For the harmonic minor, the C is raised to C.  Its key signature has six sharps.
E-flat minor is its enharmonic equivalent.
Its relative major is F-sharp major, and its parallel major is D-sharp major.
This is usually replaced by E-flat major, because D-sharp major's two double sharps make it impractical to use.
Since D-sharp minor and its enharmonic equivalent both have key signatures of six accidentals, neither one is clearly used instead of the other.
For example, using the melodic minor version of D-sharp minor on the harp is very difficult.
The B-pedal can be set to the sharp position, but there is no double-sharp position to set the C-pedal at.
In Book I of The Well-Tempered Clavier, Bach chose to write the eighth prelude in E-flat minor but the accompanying fugue in D-sharp minor. (
In Book II, Bach wrote both the eighth Prelude and Fugue in D-sharp minor.)
Music written in this key is considered very difficult to read, which means that little music was written mainly in this key in the Classical era.
E-flat minor is easier for many brass instruments and woodwinds.
The most famous work in this key is Scriabin's famous Etude Op.
Russian composer Lyapunov must also have liked the key because he wrote the second etude of his Op.
11 set in the key, and also fifteen years later his Variations on a Russian Theme, Op.
His early Piano Concerto No.
4 was also in the enharmonic key of E-flat minor.
In a few scores, 6-sharp key signatures in the bass clef are written with the sharp for the A on the top line.
This is not done often, because it is different from the treble clef.
This key is not used often in orchestral music, but is used more in keyboard music.
When arranging this piano music for orchestra, some people recommend transposing the music to D minor or E minor.
If D-sharp minor must be used,  B-flat wind instruments should have their parts written in F minor, rather than E-sharp minor.
A-flat minor is a minor scale starting on A.  Its key signature has seven flats.
Its relative major is C-flat major, and its parallel major is A-flat major.
Its enharmonic equivalent is G-sharp minor.
More often, pieces in a minor mode that have A as the tonic are written in the enharmonic key, G-sharp minor, because it has a simpler key signature.
Because of this, there are few works in A-flat minor.
The Funeral March in Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No.
12, Op.
An early section of the last movement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No.
31, Op.
110 (although the key signature of this section uses only 6 flats, not 7)
Johannes Brahms's Fugue for organ (c. 1857)
Max Bruch's Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, Op.
88a (although at least one two-piano transcription of this uses a 6-flat signature, similarly to the Op.
110 Beethoven example)
the Evocación from Book I of Isaac Albéniz's Iberia
Isaac Albéniz's La Vega (c. 1897)
Leoš Janáček uses it for his violin sonata and the organ solo of his Glagolitic Mass.
Moritz Moszkowski used it for his piano étude, opus 72 number 13.
Also Polonaise in A-Flat Minor, Chopin
In popular music
A-flat minor is also used in Frederick Loewe's score to the 1956 musical play My Fair Lady; the Second Servants' Chorus is set in A-flat minor.
Overview of Compositions with 7 Accidentals
Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor.
Its enharmonic equivalent is D major.
When a harp is tuned to C-sharp major, it has all its pedals in the bottom position.
Because all the strings are made shorter in this way, it makes it less resonant.
Most composers prefer to use the enharmonic equivalent D-flat major because it has just five flats.
However, Johann Sebastian Bach actually chose C-sharp major for Prelude and Fugue No.
3 in both books of the Well-Tempered Clavier.
In Hungarian Rhapsody No.
6, Franz Liszt changes key from D-flat major to C-sharp major near the beginning of the piece.
Maurice Ravel used C-sharp major as the tonic key of Ondine from his piano suite Gaspard de la nuit.
A-sharp minor or A minor is a minor scale based on A-sharp.
Its key signature has seven sharps.
Its relative major is C-sharp major.
Its parallel major is A-sharp major.
This is usually replaced by B-flat major, because A-sharp major's three double sharps in the key signature makes it generally impractical.
Exceptions include Chopin's Polonaise-Fantaisie in A-flat major, Op.
61, which has a short passage of about 6 bars actually written in A-sharp major, putting in the necessary double-sharps as accidentals.
This is part of a theme in B major, which modulates to A-sharp major for a little while.
A-sharp minor has the enharmonic equivalent of B-flat minor.
This is often used in most musical compositions instead of A-sharp minor, because A-sharp minor is not a useful key for compositions and is one of the least used minor keys in music.
However, there were some composers in the past that have composed music in this key.
Christian Heinrich Rinck wrote his Prelude No.
16 from Op.
15 in A-sharp minor.
F-flat major is a major scale based on F-flat.
Its key signature has eight flats.
Part of Richard Strauss' Metamorphosen uses F flat major, which one commentator has called "a bitter enharmonic parody" of the earlier manifestations of E major in the piece.
Because it has so many flats, D minor is usually written as its enharmonic equivalent of C minor.
For example, Mahler's thematic motif "der kleine Appell" ("call to order") from his Fourth and Fifth Symphonies is written in D minor in Symphony No.4, but in his Symphony No.
5 it is in C minor.
In the Adagio of his Symphony No.
9 a solo bassoon theme appears first in D minor, but comes back two more times notated in C minor.
The Adagio of Bruckner's Symphony No.
8, also has phrases that are tonally in D minor but written as C minor.
G-sharp major is a major scale based on the musical note G sharp.
Its key signature has six sharps and one double sharp.
To make reading easier, G-sharp major is usually written as its enharmonic equivalent of A-flat major.
However, it does appear as a secondary key area in several works in sharp keys, for example in the Prelude and Fugue in C sharp major from Bach's Well-Tempered Klavier, Book 1.
The G sharp minor Prelude and Fugue from the same set end with a Picardy third in G sharp major.
In music, flat, or Bemolle, means "lower in pitch."
In music notation, flat means "lower in pitch by a semitone (half step)," and has the symbol ().
The Unicode character '' (U+266D) is the flat sign.
Its HTML entity is &#9837;.
Under twelve tone equal temperament, C flat is the same as, or enharmonically equivalent to, B natural, and G flat is the same as F sharp.
Double flats also exist, which look like  and lower a note by two semitones, or a whole step.
Sometimes you will encounter half or three-quarter flats.
The Unicode character '𝄫' 𝄫 (U+1D12B) represents the double flat sign.
A triple flat can be found, but it is very rare.
The note A flat is shown in musical notation in Figure 1, together with A double flat.
In tuning, flat can also mean "slightly lower in pitch".
If the same note is played on two instruments at the same time, the lower-pitched one is flat compared to the higher-pitched one.
A half flat, showing quarter tones, is sometimes shown with a flat with a slash () or a reversed flat sign.
A three-quarter flat is represented by a half flat and a regular flat.
Electronic tuner
In music, sharp, or Diese, means higher in pitch.
In musical notation, sharp means "higher in pitch by a semitone (half step)," and looks like this:().
Under twelve-tone equal temperament, B sharp, for instance, is enharmonically equivalent to (sounds the same as), C natural, and G sharp is enharmonically equivalent to A flat.
Double sharps also exist; these have the symbol  and raise a note by two semitones, or a whole step.
Less often there are half or three-quarter sharps.
Although very rare and used only in modern classical music, a triple sharp ( ) can sometimes be found.
This raises a note by three semitones.
In tuning, sharp can also mean "slightly higher in pitch".
If the same note is played on two instruments, and one is slightly higher, it is too sharp compared to the other.
In Unicode, the sharp symbol (♯) is at code point U+266F. Its HTML entity is &#9839;.
The double sharp symbol () is at U+1D12A. Some fonts do not show these symbols.
Accidental (music)
For example, the key of G major is rarely used to write music down, because its key signature has an F. An equal-tempered scale of G major has exactly the same notes as the A major scale.
Key pairs like this are called enharmonically equivalent.
So the theoretical key of G major is usually written with the key signature of A major.
Enharmonic equivalence
A piece of Western music usually has a home key, and a passage within it may modulate to another key, which is usually closely related to the home key. (
Usually, close to the original around the circle of fifths.)
When the key is near the top of the circle (a key signature of zero or few accidentals), the writing of both keys is easy- a small number of extra sharps or flats is added.
But if the home key is near the bottom of the circle (a key signature with many accidentals), enharmonic equivalence may need to be used because simply adding accidentals will result in a key with too many accidentals to be easy to play or write in.
The need to consider theoretical keys
In each of the bottom three places on the circle of fifths the two enharmonic equivalents can both be written without double-sharps or double-flats and so do not classify as 'theoretical keys':
But when a relative key is on the opposite side of the circle from its home key, then in theory modulating to that key would involve adding so many sharps or flats that double-sharps and double-flats would have to be written in the key signature.
The following keys (six of them are the parallel major/minor keys of those above) would require up to seven double-sharps or double-flats:
For example, if a piece in E major were to modulate up a fifth to B major, which is next to it on the circle and on the same side of the circle, the notation is clear and simple; an extra sharp is added to make five sharps.
If it was modulated again, it would become F major, written with six sharps.
The next modulation, to C has seven sharps.
But the next modulation would be to a theoretical key of G which would need an eighth sharp- for the previous F note to become F in the key signature.
To avoid theoretical keys, the new section would usually be written in the enharmonically equivalent key signature of A major.
The President of Chile is the chief of state and the head of government in the country.
Under the current Constitution (adopted in 1980), the President is elected by popular (by many people) vote, for a period of four years.
Immediate re-election is not permitted.
The period (previously it was of six years) allows the elections of Presidents to be adjusted in time.
Manuel Blanco Encalada (1826-1826)
Ramón Freire Serrano (1827-1827)
Francisco Antonio Pinto Díaz (1829-1829)
José Joaquín Prieto Vial (1831-1841)
Manuel Bulnes Prieto (1841-1851)
Manuel Montt Torres (1851-1861)
José Joaquín Pérez Mascayano (1861-1871)
Federico Errázuriz Zañartu (1871-1876)
Aníbal Pinto Garmendia (1876-1881)
Domingo Santa María González (1881-1886)
José Manuel Balmaceda Fernández (1886-1891)
Jorge Montt Álvarez (1891-1896)
Federico Errázuriz Echaurren (1896-†1901)
Germán Riesco Errázuriz (1901-1906)
Pedro Montt Montt (1906-†1910)
Ramón Barros Luco (1910-1915)
Juan Luis Sanfuentes Andonaegui (1915-1920)
Arturo Alessandri Palma (1920-1925)
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín (1925-1927)
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (1927-1931)
Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez (1931-1932)
Arturo Alessandri Palma (1932-1938)
Pedro Aguirre Cerda (1938-†1941)
Juan Antonio Ríos Morales (1942-†1946)
Gabriel González Videla (1946-1952)
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (1952-1958)
Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez (1958-1964)
Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964-1970)
Salvador Allende Gossens (1970-†1973)
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1974-1990)
Patricio Aylwin Azócar (1990-1994)
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (1994-2000)
Ricardo Lagos Escobar (2000-2006)
Michelle Bachelet Jeria (2006-2010)
Sebastián Piñera Echenique (2010-2014)
Michelle Bachelet Jeria (2014-2018)
Sebastián Piñera Echenique (2018-)
Gabriel Boric (elect)
There are four living former Chilean presidents:
Gobierno de Chile/Government of Chile
1966 establishments in Asia
League name
1957-1959 : Turkish Federation Cup
1959-2001 : First League
2001-present : Süper Lig
Bursaspor
İstanbul
Eskişehirspor
Ankaragücü
Gençlerbirliği
Kardemir Karabükspor
Manisaspor
Bucaspor
Kasımpaşa
The K League 1, known as the K League Classic until 2017, is a football league which is the top division in South Korea.
It is part of the K League.
Participating clubs
Promotion/Relegation from 2012–13 season
Servette FC was relegated to the Challenge League by finishing 10th.
FC Aarau finished first in the Challenge League.
1897/98 : Grasshopper Zürich
1898/99 : Anglo-American Zürich
1899/00 : Grasshopper Zürich
1900/01 : Grasshopper Zürich
1901/02 : Zürich
1902/03 : Young Boys
1903/04 : St. Gallen
1904/05 : Grasshopper Zürich
1905/06 : Winterthur
1906/07 : Servette
1907/08 : Winterthur
1908/09 : Young Boys
1909/10 : Young Boys
1910/11 : Young Boys
1911/12 : Aarau
1912/13 : Lausanne-Sport
1913/14 : Aarau
1914/15 : Brühl St. Gallen
1915/16 : Neuchâtel Xamax
1916/17 : Winterthur
1917/18 : Servette
1918/19 : Etoile-Sporting
1919/20 : Young Boys
1920/21 : Grasshopper Zürich
1921/22 : Servette
1922/23 : Bern
1923/24 : Zürich
1924/25 : Servette
1925/26 : Servette
1926/27 : Grasshopper Zürich
1927/28 : Grasshopper Zürich
1928/29 : Young Boys
1929/30 : Servette
1930/31 : Grasshopper Zürich
1931/32 : Lausanne-Sport
1932/33 : Servette
1933/34 : Servette
1934/35 : Lausanne-Sport
1935/36 : Lausanne-Sport
1936/37 : Grasshopper Zürich
1937/38 : Lugano
1938/39 : Grasshopper Zürich
1939/40 : Servette
1940/41 : Lugano
1941/42 : Grasshopper Zürich
1942/43 : Grasshopper Zürich
1943/44 : Lausanne-Sport
1944/45 : Grasshopper Zürich
1945/46 : Servette
1946/47 : Biel-Bienne
1947/48 : Bellinzona
1948/49 : Lugano
1949/50 : Servette
1950/51 : Lausanne-Sport
1951/52 : Grasshopper Zürich
1952/53 : Basel
1953/54 : La Chaux-de-Fonds
1954/55 : La Chaux-de-Fonds
1955/56 : Grasshopper Zürich
1956/57 : Young Boys
1957/58 : Young Boys
1958/59 : Young Boys
1959/60 : Young Boys
1960/61 : Servette
1961/62 : Servette
1962/63 : Zürich
1963/64 : La Chaux-de-Fonds
1964/65 : Lausanne-Sport
1965/66 : Zürich
1966/67 : Basel
1967/68 : Zürich
1968/69 : Basel
1969/70 : Basel
1970/71 : Grasshopper Zürich
1971/72 : Basel
1972/73 : Basel
1973/74 : Zürich
1974/75 : Zürich
1975/76 : Zürich
1976/77 : Basel
1977/78 : Grasshopper Zürich
1978/79 : Servette
1979/80 : Basel
1980/81 : Zürich
1981/82 : Grasshopper Zürich
1982/83 : Grasshopper Zürich
1983/84 : Grasshopper Zürich
1984/85 : Servette
1985/86 : Young Boys
1986/87 : Neuchâtel Xamax
1987/88 : Neuchâtel Xamax
1988/89 : Luzern
1989/90 : Grasshopper Zürich
1990/91 : Grasshopper Zürich
1991/92 : Sion
1992/93 : Aarau
1993/94 : Servette
1994/95 : Grasshopper Zürich
1995/96 : Grasshopper Zürich
1996/97 : Sion
1997/98 : Grasshopper Zürich
1998/99 : Servette
1999/00 : St. Gallen
The Belgian First Division A (in the past known as the Belgian First Division and Belgian Pro League, and as the Jupiler Pro League for sponsorship reasons) is a men's football league which is the top division in Belgium.
2016–17 clubs
Mouscron-Péruwelz
Sint-Truidense
Zulte Waregem
Champions since 2000
1895/96 : Liégeois
1896/97 : Bruxelles
1897/98 : Liégeois
1898/99 : Liégeois
1899/00 : Bruxelles
1900/01 : Bruxelles
1901/02 : Bruxelles
1902/03 : Bruxelles
1903/04 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1904/05 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1905/06 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1906/07 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1907/08 : Bruxelles
1908/09 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1909/10 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1910/11 : Cercle Brugeois
1911/12 : Daring Molenbeek
1912/13 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1913/14 : Daring Molenbeek
1919/20 : Brugeois
1920/21 : Daring Molenbeek
1921/22 : Beerschot
1922/23 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1923/24 : Beerschot
1924/25 : Beerschot
1925/26 : Beerschot
1926/27 : Brugeois
1927/28 : Beerschot
1928/29 : Royal Antwerp
1929/30 : Brugeois
1930/31 : Royal Antwerp
1931/32 : Liersche
1932/33 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1933/34 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1934/35 : Union Saint-Gilloise
1935/36 : Daring Molenbeek
1936/37 : Daring Molenbeek
1937/38 : Beerschot
1938/39 : Beerschot
1941/42 : Liersche
1942/43 : Malinois
1943/44 : Royal Antwerp
1945/46 : Malinois
1946/47 : Anderlechtois
1947/48 : Malinois
1948/49 : Anderlechtois
1949/50 : Anderlechtois
1950/51 : Anderlechtois
1951/52 : Liégeois
1952/53 : Liégeois
1953/54 : Anderlechtois
1954/55 : Anderlechtois
1955/56 : Anderlechtois
1956/57 : Royal Antwerp
1957/58 : Standard
1958/59 : Anderlechtois
1959/60 : Lierse
1960/61 : Standard
1961/62 : Anderlechtois
1962/63 : Standard
1963/64 : Anderlechtois
1964/65 : Anderlechtois
1965/66 : Anderlechtois
1966/67 : Anderlechtois
1967/68 : Anderlechtois
1968/69 : Standard
1969/70 : Standard
1970/71 : Standard
1971/72 : Anderlechtois
1972/73 : Brugge
1973/74 : Anderlechtois
1974/75 : Molenbeek
1975/76 : Brugge
1976/77 : Brugge
1977/78 : Brugge
1978/79 : Beveren
1979/80 : Brugge
1980/81 : Anderlechtois
1981/82 : Standard Liège
1982/83 : Standard Liège
1983/84 : Beveren
1984/85 : Anderlechtois
1985/86 : Anderlechtois
1986/87 : Anderlechtois
1987/88 : Brugge
1988/89 : Mechelen
1989/90 : Brugge
1990/91 : Anderlechtois
1991/92 : Brugge
1992/93 : Anderlechtois
1993/94 : Anderlecht
1994/95 : Anderlecht
1995/96 : Brugge
1996/97 : Lierse
1997/98 : Brugge
1998/99 : Genk
1999/00 : Anderlecht
The New Zealand national football team is the national football team of New Zealand.
They are commonly known as the All Whites.
In New Zealand, football is often called soccer in spoken English.
The All Whites played Slovakia to start off with and drew 1-1.
The All Whites then played Italy, and surprisingly also drew 1-1, taking all of New Zealand by surprise.
NZ then played Paraguay as the deciding match, in this game, Paraguay and New Zealand drew 0-0.
This is the first world cup where New Zealand has scored a goal and the first world cup where NZ is undefeated.
Aron Nimzowitsch (7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935) was a Jewish Latvian-born Danish chess grandmaster, and a very influential chess writer.
He was the foremost figure amongst the hypermoderns.
"As a player he ranked third in the world... from about 1925 to 1930; as an innovator he founded the hypermodern school of chess; as a writer of instructional books he was unrivalled in his time".p272
He wrote an important text on chess strategy called My system: a chess treatise, which is still highly regarded.
It is a foundation of modern positional chess, and has been read by most chess masters since then.
In it he reacted against the more classical views of Siegbert Tarrasch.
Later he wrote Chess praxis (1929), a collection of his games showing his ideas in practice.
Danish sportspeople
Latvian chess players
Yoji Mizuguchi (born 20 July 1944) is a former Japanese football player and manager.
He has played for Yanmar Diesel.
Dale's Supermarket Sweep (also Supermarket Sweep) is a UK game show based on the American Supermarket Sweep TV show format.
Originally hosted by Dale Winton, it ran for exactly between 1993 & 2001 and then revived 12 February and 31 August 2007 on ITV and then it hosted on ITV2 with Rylan Clark-Neal this time as host since 2019.
Between 1993 & 2001 it was filmed at Central's Lenton Lane studios.
As of 2007 it is filmed at Maidstone Studios.
Dale's Supermarket Sweep (1993-2001)  at BFI.
Dale's All Star Supermarket Sweep  at BFI.
Dale's Supermarket Sweep (2007)  at BFI.
Dale's Supermarket Sweep at UKGameshows.com.
The Sims Bustin' Out is a 2003 life simulation game released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, Nintendo GameCube, Game Boy Advance, and N-Gage.
It is part of The Sims game series.
It is the second Sims game to be released on a console.
The Sims Bustin' Out official EA page
Goliath () was a Philistine warrior in the Old Testament.
He was the champion of the warriors of town of Gath.
The name refers to Greek name Alyattes.
Goliath was unusually large.
His height was said to be "six cubits and a span"  - some 290 cm - and he fought as armoured charioteer.
The Bible describes how he challenged the Israelite warriors for single-handed duel, but nobody dared to fight with him.
David, who was fourteen years old at this time, finally answered to challenge.
He was skilled on use of sling, and he found out a way how he could win him.
He accurately slung a stone on Goliath's forehead, just below his helmet.
The stone knocked Goliath out.
David then ran to unconscious Goliath, pulled his sword off the scabbard, and cut his head off.
Seeing a fourteen-year-old boy killing their champion, the Philistine army demoralized.
The Dead Sea Scrolls say Goliath's height was a more credible "four cubits and a span", in modern measurements 202 cm.
At the era when man's average height was some 160 cm, he would still have looked like a giant.
Sukoró is a holiday resort in Hungary situated at the  northern coast of Lake Velencei and at the south foot of Velencei Hills.
The victory at Pákozd-Sukoró in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 established the reputation of the village.
The war council before the battle was held in the protected Calvinist Church of Sukoró, where memories are still preserved.
Sukoró.hu
Cyprus is a Mediterranean island off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.
It is the third-largest island in the Mediterranean; Sicily and Sardinia are larger.
It is slightly larger than Puerto Rico.
Geographically, it is part of Asia and in the Middle East, but for political reasons, it is sometimes counted as being part of Europe.
Cyprus was part of the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years.
The Greek god Aphrodite was from Cyprus.
There are two states on the island:
The Republic of Cyprus (internationally recognized) is also part of the European Union.
Most of the world considers the whole island to be the Republic of Cyprus.
Greek is the most spoken language in the Republic of Cyprus.
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the northern part of the island.
The only nation that recognizes this entity is Turkey.
These states are separated by a buffer zone, which is controlled by the United Nations.
In addition to the two countries, there are Akrotiri and Dhekelia, two territories which are under British control, and which are used as military bases.
The island has been Greek for thousands of years of recorded history, many empires have ruled Cyprus.
They include Assyria, ancient Egypt Persia, Alexander the Great, the Roman Empire, the Byzantines, Arab caliphates for a short period, France, the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire.
Cyprus is often described as an 'unsinkable aircraft carrier' due to its strategic position in the Eastern Mediterranean.
The name of the settlement originates from the name of the Nyék tribe (coming to Hungary during the settlement of Hungarian tribes).
The first residents probably belonged to a subgroup of the tribe.
When István I. defeated Koppány, Nyék became a land of the queen.
The name of the settlement is mentioned first in 1193 as Neck.
Later the names Kápolnás Nyék, Káposztás Nyék, and Fertőfő Nyék are used to mention this rather insignificant place located between Buda and Fehérvár, which is south of the commercial route.
As a border village Kápolnásnyék suffered from double taxation during the Turkish occupation (both Hungary and the Turkish Empire collected taxes).
Therefore the population of the village decreased considerably and it even became uninhabited during the Turkish campaign of 1543.
The inhabitants returned to the village in 1772.
During the 19th century Upper and Lower Nyék were differentiated, even after 1861, when the Southem  Railway was built.
It is mentioned as an independent village first in 1871, to which Pettend was attached in 1898.
Mihály Vörösmarty was born here.
The present appearance of the village was formed in the 1930s, when it became a commercial and service background for the booming tourism of Lake Velencei.
The phone system, the gendarme patrol, local medical care, the railway station and the mill were established in this period.
The settlement suffered serious  injuries in World War II, when the majority of the population also died.
The village was also behind in development, compared to other settlements of the region and became a part of Velence by the 1970s.
Kápolnásnyék declared its independence in 1990 and has gone though considerable development since then.
It once again became the background for the tourism of Lake Velencei, where commercial service facilities are established and the infrastructure is developing rapidly.
Kápolnásnyék.hu
Areopagitica is a book written by English poet John Milton in 1644.
He wrote it to protest against censorship.
Its full title is Areopagitica: A speech of Mr. John Milton for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the Parliament of England.
Today, his book is called a tract.
In the tract, Milton tries to defend the freedom of expression.
Today, many people see it as one of the best defenses of the freedom of press ever written.
The tract is named after a speech by Isocrates, a Greek orator of the 5th century.
The Areopagus is a hill in Athens, where many councils and tribunals were held.
Isocrates wanted to restore one of these tribunals when he wrote the speech.
In the  speech,Milton argued that the Licensing Order of 1643 should be abolished; censorship had not been part of Greek or Roman societies.
Milton uses many passages from the Bible to strengthen his argument.
Milton had been censored himself when he tried to publish tracts which were in favor of allowing people to get divorced.
In Areopagitica, Milton argues that the status that was there before had worked best: By this law, all publications needed an authors name or that of a publisher.
According to Milton, it is easy to find the authors or the publishers with this system.
So if anything libelous is published, the books can still be destroyed after the fact.
Defamation is saying or writing something about another person that hurts their reputation.
Usually, when people use the word defamation, it means that the statement is not true.
In this case, it is against the law.
A statement that is defamation is called defamatory.
In order to be defamatory, a statement has to claim to be a fact instead of an opinion.
For example, saying, "Mr. Jones is mean" cannot be defamatory, because it is someone's opinion.
However, if someone says, "Mr. Jones steals candy from children", then the statement is defamatory if it is not true, because it would be a fact, not an opinion.
If a defamatory statement is written, such as in a book or in a newspaper, it is called libel.
If it is spoken out loud, it is called slander.
Somebody who is the victim of defamation can sue the person who wrote or said it.
Defamation laws
Defamation laws are not the same in every country.
In most countries it is a civil wrong or tort.
In some it is a crime.