the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
After the battery is depleted, it switches to the extended range mode.
In the United States, the car has a suggested price of $34,185, but qualifies for a $7500 tax credit.
It can carry up to four people (including the driver).
The Volt has 16.5 KWh of lithium batteries and a 1.4 liter engine using premium fuel.
The batteries have enough power to drive the car normally (it can go from 0 to 60 mph in 9 seconds).
While the batteries have power, the car is like an electric car.
When the batteries run out of charge, they can be recharged from a special electrical outlet, or the car can turn on the gas engine.
The gas engine and electric motors combine in a special type of transmission called a planetary gear, like the Toyota Prius.
This allows the gas engine to drive the car or to change its power to electricity.
The electricity can charge the battery or power the electric motor.
How much gas is used depends on how the car is driven and when the batteries are recharged.
It is possible to only use electric power and never use gasoline.
The EPA estimates the average person will get 98 miles per gallon (including the equivalent cost of electricity).
The batteries can be recharged in 10 to 16 hours using a 120V charging unit (most circuits in a house are at 120V).
A 240V charging unit will recharge the car batteries in four hours.
The batteries can also be charged from the gas engine or from the regenerative brakes, which turn the energy of the moving car into electricity.
The La Brea tar pits (or Rancho La Brea) are a famous cluster of tar pits in central Los Angeles.
Complete skeletons of many thousands of large animals have been found here.
They date mostly from 40,000 to 8,000 years ago.
Hancock Park was formed around the tar pits, in the heart of Los Angeles.
Asphalt or tar (brea in Spanish) has seeped up from the ground here for tens of thousands of years.
The tar is often covered with water.
Over many centuries, animals that came to drink the water fell in, sank in the tar, and died.
In the tar, their bones turned into fossils.
The George C. Page Museum is dedicated to researching the tar pits and displaying specimens from the animals that died there.
The La Brea Tar Pits are now a registered National Natural Landmark.
American mastodons
American lions
American cheetahs
Dire wolves
The Western camel Camelops
Short-faced bears
Ground sloths
The saber-toothed cat, Smilodon fatalis (the state fossil of California)
Only one human has ever been found in the tar pits: a partial skeleton of a woman, dated at approximately 9,000 BC.
Because of the way her skull was crushed, scientists think she was murdered.
Over a million fossils
Over a million fossils have been recovered from the tar pits.
These fossils include individual bones as well as pieces of bone.
Scientists estimate that at least 10,000 animals got trapped in the Tar Pits over 30,000 years.
These animals belonged to at least 660 different species.
This includes at least 135 species of birds, and 59 species of mammals.
Tar pits
Oil is created when decayed organic matter is underground.
It is under pressure.
The crude oil seeps upward through fractures, or porous sedimentary rock layers.
It may form a pool  at the surface.
The lighter parts of the crude oil evaporate into the atmosphere, leaving behind a black, sticky asphalt.
Tar pits are often excavated because they contain many fossils.
There are not many of these tar pits in the world, because they only form in these circumstances.
The evaporation of the lighter elements in the crude oil is needed to create the sticky tar which traps the animals.
Their distress calls are irresistible to the predators which follow them.
The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom is the official coat of arms of the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II.
These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity as monarch of the United Kingdom, and are officially known as her Arms of Dominion.
Different versions are used by other members of the Royal Family; and by the British Government in connection with the administration and government of the country.
In Scotland, the Queen has a separate version of the Royal Arms, a variant of which is used by the Scotland Office.
The shield is quartered, depicting in the first and fourth quarters the three passant guardant lions of England; in the second, the rampant lion and double tressure fleury-counter-fleury of Scotland; and in the third, a harp for  Ireland.
James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 – April 23, 1998) was the man who was convicted of murdering Martin Luther King, Jr on April 4, 1968.
At first he said that he had shot King, but he later said that he did not do it.
There are many conspiracies about this but the truth is still unknown.
He was born in Alton, Illinois.
He was convicted of burglary, robbery, theft and forgery during the 1950s.
Criminals from Illinois
Cognitive: Having an actively developed strong verbal, perceptual, and reasoning skills which can effectively guide pivots and at the time be compatible to peer groups.
Self-confidence: Ability to be certain about one’s competencies and skills with a nurtured sense of self-esteem and self-assurance.
Determination: Ability to assert themselves, be proactive, and have the capacity to persevere in the face of obstacles.
Characteristics include initiative, persistence, dominance, and drive.
Integrity: It is the quality of honesty and trustworthiness.
Characteristics are loyalty, dependability, and not deceptive.
Sociability: It is the ability to be sensitive to others’ needs and show concern for their well-being.
They are people who have good interpersonal skills and create cooperative relationships (friendliness, outgoing, courteous) with their followers and able to take socially responsible decisions.
Team leadership
There are two factors in team leadership, they are: Interpersonal and Analytical.
The interpersonal factors are : Talk, Evaluation, Assisting and Motivating.
The Analytical aspects for problem solving with team leadership are: Focusing, Organizing, Collecting, Understanding and Synthesizing the material.
Supreme Leader
Deltora Quest is three series of books for children by Emily Rodda.
It has 15 books overall: the first series Deltora Quest has eight books, the second series Deltora Shadowlands has three books, and the third series Dragons of Deltora has four books.
They are all about a group of three friends who try to defeat the evil Shadow Lord and his friends.
Lief is the son of King Endon and Sharn, who went into hiding disguised as Jarred and Anna before their son was born.
Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.
On his 16th birthday he set off on the Deltora Quest to find the seven gems of Deltora.
In the ends he finds out that he is the heir to the throne and becomes the King of Deltora.
At the end of the third series he marries Jasmine and has three children.
Barda
Barda is a strong bearded man.
Before the invasion of the Shadow Lord, he was a guard of the Palace, but then he fled because his mother Min was killed, so he made friends with Endon and Sharn, and pretended to be a beggar for sixteen years, and always guarded Lief when he was in trouble.
He accompanied Lief to find the seven gems of the Belt of Deltora.
At the end of the last series he married Linden of Broome.
Jasmine is the daughter of Jarred (Doom) and Anna.
She was born in the Forests of Silence, but when she was 7, her parents got taken away by Grey Guards.
She lived as an orphan, with Kree and Filli for company.
She met Lief and Barda in the Forests of Silence, and helped them get the first jewel, the topaz.
After that, her mother Anna appeared to her in spirit form (because the topaz lets you come into contact with the dead)and told Jasmine to travel with Lief and Barda to find the jewels.
At the end of the third series she married Lief and had three children.
Kree
Kree is a raven who used to live in Thaegan's territory, but Thaegen killed his parents so he fled to the Forests of Silence where he met Jasmine.
He is very affectionate to Jasmine.
He accompanied Jasmine, Lief and Barda on all three quests, warning others of danger by flying ahead.
He later became and official messenger bird for the Palace.
Filli
Filli is a furry grey small creature who Jasmine found in the Forests of Silence.
Like, Kree, he loves Jasmine a lot.
He accompanied Jasmine, Lief and Barda on all three quests.
Veritas is the amethyst dragon who is very truthful.
He helped to destroy the Sister of the West, and he brought up the baby Diamond Dragon, Forta.
Forests of Silence
In the first half of this book, it follows Jarred and Endon, how the King of Deltora died, then Endon became King, Jarred fled from the castle, married Anna, and the Shadow Lord invaded.
In the second half of the book, it follows Lief, how on his 16th birthday, he set out on the Deltora Quest to find the gems of Deltora, with Barda, and got paralysed by Wenn, saved by Jasmine, and got the topaz from Gorl.
Yaws is a tropical infection of the skin, bones and joints.
It is caused by the spirochaete bacterium Treponema pallidum pertenue.
The disease begins with a round, hard swelling of the skin, two to five centimeters in diameter.
This usually heals after three to six months.
After several weeks, or even years later, the joints and bones may become painful, fatigue may develop, and new skin sores may appear.
The skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet may become thick and break open.
The bones (especially those of the nose) may change shape.
After five years or more large areas of skin can die.
This leaves large scars.
Yaws is spread by touching the fluid from the sores of a person with the disease.
The disease is most common among children, who spread it by playing together.
Other similar diseases are caused by different strains of the same bacterium, such as syphilis (Treponema pallidum pallidum).
Once the lesions have appeared doctors are able to tell it is yaws.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the best method of diagnosis.
The main way of stopping the disease spreading, is by curing those who have it.
This stops them passing it on to others.
Where the disease is common, treating the entire community is effective.
Improving cleanliness and sanitation will also decrease spread.
Yaws can be treated with antibiotics.
Without treatment, physical deformities happen in 10% of cases.
Yaws is common in at least 14 tropical countries as of 2012.
The disease infects only humans.
In the 1950s and 1960s the World Health Organization (WHO) nearly destroyed yaws.
Since then the number of cases has increased.
One of the first descriptions of the disease was made in 1679 by Willem Piso.
Archaeology shows that yaws may have been present among humans as far back as 1.6 million years ago.
Vibrio is a genus of gram-negative bacteria possessing a curved rod shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood.
Typically found in saltwater, Vibrio are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form spores.
All members of the genus are motile and have polar flagella with sheaths.
Recent phylogenies have been constructed based on a suite of genes (multi-locus sequence analysis).
The name Vibrio derives from Filippo Pacini who isolated microorganisms he called "vibrions" from cholera patients in 1854.
Pele was the goddess of fire, dancing, and volcanoes in Hawaiian religion.
Pele's husband is Wahielo, also spelled with an a.
There are several stories about who Pele is.
One story says that her sister is the goddess of the ocean.
In another story, she lives in a land in the sky.
Hootie & the Blowfish are an American rock band It formed in 1986.
Their first studio album, Cracked Rear View, was released in 1994.
This group became popular in the second half of the 1990s.
The group have been semi active since 2008.
Cracked Rear View (1994)
Fairweather Johnson (1996)
Musical Chairs (1998)
Hootie & the Blowfish (2003)
Looking for Lucky (2005)
Imperfect Circle (2019)
The Chevrolet Impala was a full size car made from the Chevrolet network of General Motors.
The name Impala comes from the southern African antelope.
The car was first produced in 1957, discontinued around 1985 and then resumed for the 1994 model year.
From 2000 to 2005, the Impala was a mid-sized sedan and succeeded Chevrolet's dwindling Lumina.
The 2006 to present Impala is a full-sized sedan and is sold to the public, the previous generation is restricted to fleet and commercial buyers and is dubbed Impala Ltd. The Impala limited is set to conclude production in 2016.
Its final generation, introduced in 2012, went on sale in May 2014 until General Motors discontinued the vehicle in March 2020.
The Hydrogenophilaceae are a family of Betaproteobacteria, with two genera.
Like all Proteobacteria, they are gram-negative.
Hydrogenophilus are thermophilic, growing around 50 °C and obtaining their energy from oxidizing hydrogen.
It includes the genera Hydrogenophilus and Thiobacillus (see below for the removal of certain species).
The Coral Sea is a small sea off the north east coast of Australia.
It has Queensland on its west side and the islands of Vanuatu and New Caledonia on its east.
On the north edge is the Solomon Islands, and in the south it joins the Tasman Sea.
The Great Barrier Reef is in the Coral Sea.
It has a warm climate, it often rains and there are often tropical cyclones.
It covers an area of about four times the size of Great Britain.
The WWF describe the Coral Sea as being one of the last complete tropical wilderness areas on earth.
It has beautiful coral reefs with many different sea creatures including  grey and white tip reef sharks, hammerheads, manta rays, tuna, barracuda, turtles, whales and the rare nautilus.
Australia claims many of the islands as part of its 780,000 square kilometre Coral Sea Islands Territory.
Most of them are small coral or sand islands, and only one has people living on it.
It has a population of only four.
In World War II the Battle of the Coral Sea was the first aircraft carrier battle fought between the United States and Australia against Japan.
The battle lasted from 4 May to 8 May 1942.
During that time none of the ships saw each other or fired their guns at each other.
All the fighting was done by aircraft from the carriers.
It is the largest naval battle fought near Australia.
It was important because it stopped the Japanese from invading Port Moresby, the capital city of New Guinea.
Many people regarded it as the battle that saved Australia.
The Gulf of Carpentaria () is a large, shallow sea surrounded on three sides by northern Australia.
Its north edge is the Arafura Sea; the sea between Australia and New Guinea.
At its mouth, the Gulf is 590 km wide, and further south, 675 km.
The north south distance is more than 700 km.
It covers a water area of about 300,000 km².
The gulf is between 55 and 66 meters deep, although there are spots as deep as 82 meters.
In the last ice age the Gulf would have been dry land.
The land around the Gulf is generally flat and low-lying.
To the west is Arnhem Land, the Top End of the Northern Territory, and Groote Eylandt, the largest island in the Gulf.
To the east is the Cape York Peninsula.
The area to the south, is a part of Queensland) called the Gulf Country or simply "the Gulf."
The dry season lasts from about April until November and is has very dry southeast to east winds, caused by winter high pressure systems to the south.
The wet season lasts from December to March.
Most of the year's rainfall is happens in these months, and many low-lying areas are flooded.
The Gulf is also a breeding ground for tropical cyclones from November and April.
The best place to see this is in the Burketown area shortly after dawn.
European exploration
The first known Europen person to visit the area was the Dutch Willem Janszoon (whose name is also written as Jansz) in his 1606 voyage.
Jan Carstenszoon (or Carstensz), visited in 1623 and named the Gulf after Pieter de Carpentier, who was the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.
Abel Tasman also explored the coast in 1644.
The area was later explored and mapped by Matthew Flinders in 1802 and 1803.
The first overland expedition to reach the Gulf was the Burke and Wills expedition, led by Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills.
They left Melbourne in August 1860 and reached the Bynoe River in February 1861.
Rivers of the Gulf
Archer River
Calvert River
Cox River
Gilbert River
Leichhardt River
Mission River
Mitchell River
Alice River
Norman River
Wilton River
Smithburne River
Staaten River
Wenlock River
Morning Glory Cloud video footage and video of the Gulf Region around Burketown
Morning Glory Cloud meteorology
Aerial Video of Sweers Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria
Video of Burketown and the Gulf from the air
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Le Mondes 100 Books of the Century}}Le Mondes 100 Books of the Century is a list of books thought to be the 100 best of the 20th century.
The list was made in 1999 by the French retail store Fnac and the Paris newspaper Le Monde.
Starting with a list of 200 titles made by bookshops and journalists, 17,000 French people answered the question, "Which books have stayed in your memory?"
The list includes novels, poetry, theatre, and comic strips.
Some received the Nobel Prize in Literature.
The 100 Books of the Century
Nobel Prize in Literature - Camus, Steinbeck, Hemingway, Beckett, Sartre, Solzhenitsyn, Gide, García Márquez, Faulkner, Mauriac, Mann, Pirandello, Böll, Lagerlöf, Le Clézio, Perse
Booker Prize - Kadare, Rushdie
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction - Steinbeck, Hemingway, Faulkner, Mitchell, Styron
He is considered a founding father of plant pathology (phytopathology) as well as the founder of modern mycology.
His extensive and careful studies of the life history of fungi and contribution to the understanding of algae and higher plants were landmarks of biology.
De Bary studied the formation of lichens, the association between a fungus and an alga.
He traced the stages through which they grew and reproduced and the adaptations which enabled them to survive drought and winter.
He coined the word 'symbiosis' in 1879 in his monograph as "the living together of unlike organisms".
He carefully studied the morphology of moulds, yeasts, and fungi and he established mycology as an independent science.
Slime moulds
de Bary was one of the first people to do research on slime moulds (Myxomycetes).
He published a key paper in 1859, and later a book on the subject.
Systematics is one of the main fields in biology.
It is closely related to taxonomy.
Phylogenies have two components, branching order (showing group relationships) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).
Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (anatomical or molecular characteristics), and the distribution of organisms (biogeography).
Systematics is used to help us understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
"Systematic biology" and "taxonomy" are terms that are often confused and used interchangeably.
They were defined as follows:
Systematics is the field which (a) provides scientific names for organisms, (b) describes them, (c) preserves collections of them, (d) provides classifications for the organisms, keys for their identification, and data on their distributions, (e) investigates their evolutionary histories, and (f) considers their environmental adaptations.
Taxonomy is that part of systematics concerned with topics (a) to (d) above.
Artivism combines art and activism.
Artivism developed since the Berlin wall collapsed while the anti-globalization and antiwar protests emerged and proliferated.
In most of the cases artivists attempt to push political agendas by the means of art and especially, but not only street art.
The years 1967-1968
From The fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) to the 9/11 (2001)
In 1993, Act Up-Paris put a gigantic pink condom on the Concord Obelisk.
It was Land art in a way.
And it rose interest in France about VIH infection risks.
In Mexico the "intergalactic" anonymous Chiapas mouvement used "phony icons", like sub-commander Marcos to attract attention from the media.
Since the 9/11 (2001)
In some cases, in Paris in 2003 for instance, artivists were arrested for acts of political art that verged on property destruction.
A typical short term goal of artivists is to reclaim public space, especially by subvertising or destroying ads in urban areas or city transportation systems.
Nevertheless, artivists engage in different media like the internet not only for actions which could be described as hacktivism.
Social Centres
Several awards are given to authors, editors and illustrators for creating works of science fiction.
These awards show that fans or other professionals recognize the quality of stories, novels, movies, illustrations, or other works.
Awards are usually given once a year.
The list below gives the name of the award, additional information, and the year it began.
International awards
Hugo Award - since 1955
Nebula Award - since 1965
Edward E. Smith Memorial Award (the Skylark) - since 1966
BSFA Award - since 1970
Seiun Award - since 1970
Locus Award - since 1971
Saturn Award - movie and television SF - since 1972
John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel - since 1973
Rhysling Award - for best science fiction poetry, given by the Science Fiction Poetry Association - since 1978
Philip K. Dick Award - since 1982
Arthur C. Clarke Award - since 1987
Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award for best short science fiction - since 1987
Awards by country or region
Aurealis Award - Australian
Aurora Award - for Canadian science fiction
Chandler Award - for contributions to Australian Science fiction
The Constellation Awards - for the best SF/fantasy movie or television works released in Canada
Ditmar Award - for SF by Australians
Endeavour Award- for SF by authors from the Pacific Northwest
Janusz A. Zajdel Award - award of Polish fandom
Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis - German SF award
Nautilus Award - Polish award
Paul Harland Prize - for Dutch SF
Prix Tour-Apollo Award - France since 1972
SFERA Award - given by SFera, a Croatian SF society
Sir Julius Vogel Award - for SF by New Zealanders
Tähtivaeltaja Award - for the best SF novel released in Finland
Premio Urania - for Italian SF
The Galaxy Awards (银河奖) - given by magazine Science Fiction World for Chinese SF&F
SRSFF Award - România
Awards for SF with a specific theme
Prometheus Award - best Libertarian SF - since 1979
Lambda Literary Award - since 1988
Tiptree Award - since 1991
Sidewise Award for Alternate History - since 1995
Gaylactic Spectrum Awards - since 1999
Geffen Award - Israeli award - since 1999
Norton Award - San Francisco - since 2003
New artists or first works
Writers of the Future - contest for new authors
Jack Gaughan Award for Best Emerging Artist
John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer
Compton Crook Award For Best first Novel in the genre in a given year.
Career awards
Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award - associated with the Nebula
The Gold Coast is the name given to a 57 kilometer long stretch of coast in the south east corner of Queensland, Australia.
At the south end is the town of Coolangatta on the border with New South Wales.
The north end of the Gold Coast is at Beenleigh and includes South Stradbroke Island.
It also includes the foothills of the Great Dividing Range.
The Gold Coast is famous for its surf beaches which include Coolangatta, Currumbin, Palm Beach, Burleigh Heads, Miami, Broadbeach, Surfers Paradise and Main Beach.
The Gold Coast City is the sixth largest city in Australia with a population of more than 515,000 people (2010).
It is a very popular place for holidays and has its own international airport.
Many people go there for the beaches and to visit the theme parks which include Warner Bros. Movie World, Dreamworld, Seaworld and Wet and Wild.
A lot of houses on the Gold Coast are built in canal estates with over 260 kilometers of canals.
Q1 is the tallest residential building in the world.
Including the spire it reaches 322.5 metres above the street.
Images and references to the Plaza on Portaltaurino.com
Angolemi (Turkish: Taşpınar or Angolem - the old name) is a village in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Its population is 212.
Its area is 6.727 km2.
It is a village of Lefka Municipality.
It is in the Nicosia District of the Republic of Cyprus and Güzelyurt District of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
He fought in the Korean War.
He was the 11th Prime minister of South Korea (1971 to 1975), 31th Prime minister of South Korea (1998 to 2000).
first Central Intelligence Agency of South Korea 1961 to 1963.
nickname was 'Unjeong'(Korea:운정, hanja:雲庭) or 'JP'.
Kim Jong-pil:National Assembly of the Republic of Korea
Vanessa Lynn Williams (born March 18, 1963), known professionally as Vanessa L. Williams or Vanessa Williams, is an American singer, actress, producer and former fashion model.
In 1983, she became the first African-American woman crowned Miss America, but a scandal occurred when Penthouse bought and published nude photographs of her.
She left her title early and was succeeded by the first runner-up, Suzette Charles of New Jersey.
Williams earned multiple Grammy, Emmy, and Tony Award nominations.
Williams released her debut album The Right Stuff in 1988, which spawned the hits "The Right Stuff". "
The Right Stuff" was a No.
1 on Hot Dance Songs. "
Dreamin'" was a No.
1 on R&B and No.
8 on Billboard Hot 100.
Her second studio album The Comfort Zone in 1991 topped the Billboard R&B Album Chart, which spawned the Billboard Hot 100 number-one hit "Save the Best for Last".
In 1994 she performed on Broadway in the musical Kiss of the Spider Woman.
In 1995 she recorded "Colors of the Wind", which became the Oscar-winner for Best Original Song from the Disney animated feature movie Pocahontas, which reached No.
4 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Williams was born in Millwood, New York.
She is the daughter of music teachers Helen L. (née Tinch) and Milton Augustine Williams, Jr. A DNA test revealed that her ancestry is 23% from Ghana, 17% from the British Isles, 15% from Cameroon, 12% Finnish, 11% Southern European, 7% Togo, 6% Benin, 5% Senegal and 4% Portuguese.
Her parents, put on her birth announcement "Here she is: Miss America"
Miss America title
In September 1983, she became the first African American woman to be crowned Miss America, There was a scandal when Penthouse magazine bought and published nude photographs of her.
She gave up her title early and was succeeded by the first runner-up, Suzette Charles of New Jersey.
Since then, Vanessa has been successful in every area of her life.
Williams released her debut album The Right Stuff in 1988, which spawned the hits "The Right Stuff", a #1 on Hot Dance Songs, and "Dreamin'" a #1 on R&B and #8 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Her second studio album, The Comfort Zone, in 1991 topped the Billboard R&B Album Chart, which spawned the Billboard Hot 100 number-one hit Save the Best for Last.
In 1994, she did her first  Broadway musical Kiss of the Spider Woman.
In 1995, she recorded Colors of the Wind, the Oscar-winner for Best Original Song from the Disney animated feature film Pocahontas, which went to #4 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Williams' first film acting role was as the co-star of the Arnold Schwarzenegger feature film Eraser in 1996.
She has also been in movies Soul Food, Dance with Me, The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland, Shaft and Johnson Family Vacation.
From 2006 to 2010, she played the role of the scheming, self-absorbed diva and former supermodel Wilhelmina Slater in the ABC comedy series Ugly Betty, for which she got three Emmy Awards nominations.
In 2009, Williams released her eighth studio album, The Real Thing.
From 2010 to 2012, she starred in Desperate Housewives as spoiled rich woman Renee Perry.
She currently stars in the supernatural drama series 666 Park Avenue.
Williams is most often known and publicly recognized simply as "Vanessa Williams".
There is, however, occasional confusion with similarly named actress Vanessa A. Williams, who is just two months younger.
It has been reported that Williams first became aware of Vanessa A. in the 1980s when her New York University registrar told her that another, similarly aged student with the same name and from the same state had applied.
When Williams appeared as Miss America in a Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Vanessa A. accidentally received her check for the appearance, which she returned.
The two ran into name conflict when Screen Actors Guild rules stopped the same stage naming.
Vanessa A. had registered the name "Vanessa Williams" first.
As a compromise, Williams was occasionally credited as "Vanessa L. Williams" in acting credits.
Both actresses starred in versions of the drama Soul Food (Williams in the film version, and Vanessa A. in its Soul Food adaptation).
The Screen Actors Guild eventually took the issue to arbitration, and decided that both actresses could use the professional name "Vanessa Williams".
Today, Williams' prominence has led to a more wide association with the stage name "Vanessa Williams", so much so that it has widely become only known to her.
She is credited as such in the American television series Ugly Betty and Desperate Housewives.
Williams is also the owner of the internet domain name vanessawilliams.com.
Today, the younger Vanessa Williams is most often publicly and professionally referenced as "Vanessa A. Williams".
Miss America winners
The tiger salamander is a species of mole salamander.
Another name for this  salamander is the eastern tiger salamander.
Eastern tiger salamanders are big, with a normal length of 6–8 inches (15–20 cm).
They can grow up to 14 inches (36 cm) in length.
Grown-ups are usually spotted with grey, green, or black, and have large eyes.
They have short mouths, big necks, strong legs, and long tails.
They eat small insects and worms.
Sometimes, grown ups eat small frogs and baby mice
Adults are almost never seen in open fields and often live in holes that are usually 2 feet from the top.
Tiger salamanders almost always stay on land as adults, and usually only return to the water to lay eggs.
But also they live in both land and water.
They also like to swim, even if they are on land.
They also are good swimmers.
Like all ambystomatids, they are extremely loyal to their birthplace, and will travel long distances to go back.
However, a single tiger salamander has only a 50% chance of laying eggs more than once in its lifetime.
Males bump a female to initiate mating, and then deposit a spermatophore on the lake bottom.
The female picks up the packet and deposits the now-fertilized eggs on vegetation.
Large-scale captive breeding of Tiger salamanders has not been accomplished, for unknown reasons.
The larvae are entirely aquatic, with large gills on the outside and a big tail fin that begins just behind the head.
Arms are grown within a short time of coming out of their egg.
Some larvae metamorphose quickly.
These are known as 'small morph adults'.
Other larvae, especially in ancestral pools and warmer climates, may not metamorphose until fully adult size.
These large larvae are usually known as waterdogs, and are used many times in the fishing bait and pet trade.
Some populations may not metamorphose at all, and become sexually mature while in their larval form.
These are the neotenes, and are particularly common where terrestrial conditions are bad.
While remaining common in many places, tiger salamander numbers have gone down compared with old levels.
One of the threats to them is wetland (habitat) destruction.
Since they tend to breed in semipermanent wetlands, baby tiger salamanders often experience mass deaths in association with pond drying.
The California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense), the barred tiger salamander (Ambystoma mavortium), and the plateau tiger salamander (Ambystoma velasci), were all once subspecies of A. tigrinum, but are now separate species.
Genetic studies made it right to break up the first A. tigrinum population, even though there is some hybridization between the groups.
Hammerson et al. (
Ambystoma tigrinum.
www.iucnredlist.org.
Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is of least concern.
LeClere, 2006 Iowa Herpetology Species account, photo and range map of the Tiger Salamander in Iowa
National Geographic Page
California Tiger Salamander
Brewing is the process of making beer.
It is usually made in a brewery, though it can be made at home.
It is made by adding bacteria that ferment malt, barley or sugar into a large vat.
Ethanol is produced by bacteria using up the energy from the mixture (which the bacteria digest into glucose) because there is no oxygen in the vat.
The Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) was the first operator of the original underground New York City Subway line that opened in 1904, as well as other earlier railways and rapid transit lines in New York City.
The company was bought by New York City in June 1940.
The former IRT lines (the numbered lines in the current subway system) are now the A Division or IRT Division of the Subway.
Line 1: Seventh Avenue Local
Line 2: Seventh Avenue Express
Line 3: Seventh Avenue Express
Line 4: Lexington Avenue Express
Line 5: Lexington Avenue Express
Line 6: Lexington Avenue Local
Line 7: Flushing Express and Local
Line S: 42nd Street Shuttle
The BSFA Awards are prizes given every year by the British Science Fiction Association (BSFA).
The prize is for excellent works of science fiction.
The first BSFA Award was given in 1970.
Prizes are given for works from the year before the award is given.
At first, the award was only for novels.
Categories for short works and artwork were added in 1980.
Awards for media were given from 1979 to 1992.
In 2002, the BSFA Award started to be given for nonfiction too.
Members of the BSFA vote for the nominees who may win an award and then for the final winners.
Recently members of Eastercon also vote.
Novel: Stand on Zanzibar by John Brunner
Novel: The Jagged Orbit by John Brunner
Collection: The Moment of Eclipse by Brian W. Aldiss
No award–insufficient votes.
Novel: Rendezvous with Rama by Arthur C. Clarke
Special Award: Billion Year Spree by Brian W. Aldiss
Novel: Inverted World by Christopher Priest
Novel: Orbitsville by Bob Shaw
Novel: Brontomek!
by Michael G. Coney
Special Award: A Pictorial History of Science Fiction by David Kyle
Novel: The Jonah Kit by Ian Watson
Novel: A Scanner Darkly by Philip K. Dick
Collection: Deathbird Stories by Harlan Ellison
Media: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (original radio series) – Douglas Adams
Novel: The Unlimited Dream Company by J. G. Ballard
Short: "Palely Loitering" by Christopher Priest (F&SF)
Media: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy record
Artist: Jim Burns
Novel: Timescape by Gregory Benford
Short: "The Brave Little Toaster" by Thomas M. Disch (F&SF)
Media: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy second radio series – Douglas Adams
Artist: Peter Jones
Novel: The Shadow of the Torturer by Gene Wolfe
Short: "Mythago Wood" by Robert Holdstock (F&SF)
Media: Time Bandits
Artist: Bruce Pennington
Novel: Helliconia Spring by Brian W. Aldiss
Short: "Kitemaster" by Keith Roberts (Interzone)
Media: Blade Runner
Artist: Tim White
Novel: Tik-Tok by John Sladek
Short: "After-Images" by Malcolm Edwards (Interzone)
Media: Android
Novel: Mythago Wood by Robert Holdstock
Short: "The Unconquered Country" by Geoff Ryman (Interzone)
Media: The Company of Wolves
Novel: Helliconia Winter by Brian W. Aldiss
Short: "Cube Root" by David Langford (Interzone)
Media: Brazil
Novel: The Ragged Astronauts by Bob Shaw
Short: "Kaeti and the Hangman" by Keith Roberts (in collection Kaeti & Company)
Media: Aliens
Artist: Keith Roberts
Novel: Grainne by Keith Roberts
Short: "Love Sickness" by Geoff Ryman (Interzone)
Media: Star Cops
Novel: Lavondyss by Robert Holdstock
Short: "Dark Night in Toyland" by Bob Shaw (Interzone)
Media: Who Framed Roger Rabbit
Artist: Alan Lee
Novel: Pyramids by Terry Pratchett
Short: "In Translation" by Lisa Tuttle (Zenith)
Media: Red Dwarf
Novel: Take Back Plenty by Colin Greenland
Short: "The Original Doctor Shade" by Kim Newman (Interzone)
Media: Twin Peaks
Artist: Ian Miller
Novel: The Fall of Hyperion by Dan Simmons
Short: "Bad Timing" by Molly Brown (Interzone)
Media: Terminator 2: Judgment Day
Artwork: Mark Harrison
Novel: Red Mars by Kim Stanley Robinson
Short: "Innocent" by Ian McDonald (New Worlds 2)
Artwork: Jim Burns
Novel: Aztec Century by Christopher Evans
Short: "The Ragthorn" by Robert Holdstock and Garry Kilworth (Interzone)
Special Award: The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction ed.
John Clute and Peter Nicholls
Novel: Feersum Endjinn by Iain M. Banks
Short: "The Double Felix" by Paul di Filippo (Interzone)
Novel: The Time Ships by Stephen Baxter
Short: "The Hunger and Ecstasy of Vampires" by Brian Stableford (shorter version, Interzone 91/92)
Artwork: Jim Burns (cover for Seasons of Plenty)
Novel: Excession by Iain M. Banks
Short: "A Crab Must Try" by Barrington J. Bayley (Interzone 103)
Artwork: Jim Burns (cover for Ancient Shores)
Novel: The Sparrow by Mary Doria Russell
Short: "War Birds" by Stephen Baxter (Interzone 126)
Artwork: SMS ('The Black Blood of the Dead' cover Interzone 116)
Novel: The Extremes, by Christopher Priest
Short: "La Cenerentola" by Gwyneth Jones (Interzone 136)
Artwork: Jim Burns, 'Lord Prestimion' (cover, Interzone 138)
Novel: The Sky Road by Ken MacLeod
Short: "Hunting the Slarque" by Eric Brown (Interzone 141)
Artwork: Jim Burns, Darwinia (cover of Darwinia, Robert Charles Wilson)
Novel: Ash: A Secret History by Mary Gentle
Short: "The Suspect Genome" by Peter F. Hamilton (Interzone 156)
Artwork: Hideaway – Dominic Harman (Cover, Interzone 157)
Novel: Chasm City by Alastair Reynolds
Short Story: "Children of Winter" by Eric Brown (Interzone 163)
Artwork: cover of Omegatropic by Colin Odell
Non-fiction: Omegatropic by Stephen Baxter
Novel: The Separation by Christopher Priest
Short Fiction: Coraline by Neil Gaiman
Artwork: cover, Interzone 179 by Dominic Harman
Related Publication: Introduction to Maps: The Uncollected John Sladek by David Langford
Novel: Felaheen by Jon Courtenay Grimwood
Short Fiction: The Wolves in the Walls by Neil Gaiman & Dave McKean
Artwork: cover, The True Knowledge of Ken MacLeod by Colin Odell
Non-fiction: Reading Science Fiction by Farah Mendlesohn
Novel: River of Gods by Ian McDonald
Short Fiction: Mayflower II by Stephen Baxter
Artwork: cover, Newton's Wake by Stephan Martinière (US Edition)
Novel: Air by Geoff Ryman
Short Fiction: Magic for Beginners by Kelly Link
Artwork: cover, Interzone #200 by Pawel Lewandowski
Non-fiction Award: Soundings: Reviews 1992-1996 by Gary K. Wolfe
Novel: End of the World Blues by Jon Courtenay Grimwood
Short Fiction: The Djinn's Wife by Ian McDonald
Artwork: cover, Time Pieces Angelbot by Christopher "Fangorn" Baker
Novel: Brasyl by Ian McDonald
Short Fiction: Lighting Out by Ken MacLeod
Artwork: Cracked World, cover of disLocations, by Andy Bigwood
Novel: The Night Sessions by Ken MacLeod
Short Fiction: Exhalation by Ted Chiang
Artwork: cover of Subterfuge by Andy Bigwood
Non-fiction: Rhetorics of Fantasy by Farah Mendlesohn
Novel: The City and the City by China Mieville
Short Fiction: The Beloved Time of Their Lives by Ian Watson and Roberto Quaglia
Artwork: cover of Desolation Road by Stephen Martiniere
Non-fiction: Mutant Popcorn by Nick Lowe
BSFA website
The reticulated python (Python reticulatus) is a species of Python found in Southeast Asia.
Adults can grow to 22.8 feet (6.95 m) in length but average is 9.8-19.7 feet.
They are the world's longest snakes and longest reptile, but not the most heavily built.
They usually weigh about 350 lbs.
The thickest and heaviest living snake is the anaconda, also known as the green anaconda.
Like all pythons, they are non-venomous constrictors (they squeeze their prey) and normally not considered dangerous to humans.
Although large ones are powerful enough to kill an adult human, attacks seldom happen.
Qwest Communications International Inc. was an American telecom company.
It served 14 north central and western states.
Qwest merged with Baby Bell company US West Communications during 2000.
US West had consisted of Pacific Northwest Bell, Mountain Bell and Northwestern Bell before 1991, during which year the three telephone companies merged to become US West.
Qwest Communications was founded around 1996.
On April 22, 2010, CenturyLink announced that it was going to buy Qwest for $22.4 billion.
CenturyLink's purchase of Qwest was completed in early 2011.
Qwest now operates as part of CenturyLink.
Qwest website
Companies based in Denver, Colorado
Conan is a late-night talk show on TBS.
It is hosted by Conan O'Brien, who used to host The Tonight Show and Late Night with Conan O'Brien.
His sidekick and announcer is Andy Richter, and his band is Jimmy Vivino and the Basic Cable Band.
The show started in November 2010, and ended in 2021.
A show has two celebrity guests and a monologue.
In addition, there is either a musical guest or a stand-up comedian.
Rounding out the show are comedy bits, which include spoofs of local newscasts, recurring characters, and ridiculous things happening to trombone player LaBamba Rosenberg.
A flag carrier is an airline or ship line that is owned by the government of the country it is based in.
Sometimes this means that the company has a monopoly on some routes, especially those to other countries.
The term may have come about because of laws that all planes and ships have to show the flag of the country they are registered in.
et:Rahvuslike lennukompaniide loend
it:Lista di compagnie aeree di bandiera
fi:Luettelo kansallisista lentoyhtiöistä
Somewhere in Time is a studio album by Iron Maiden.
It went on sale on 29 June 1986.
It was the third most popular album in England when it started being sold.
Dave Murray – guitar, guitar synth
Adrian Smith – guitar, backing vocals
Steve Harris – bass guitar, backing vocals, bass synth
Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) is a species of tapir that is native to Central America and northern South America.
It is one of four Latin American species of tapir.
The Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), also called the Asian tapir, Asiatic tapir, Oriental tapir, Indian tapir, or piebald tapir, is the largest of the five species of tapir.
It the only one native to Asia.
This shows that the original distribution of its family was much wider, because all the other species are found in Central or South America.
The scientific name refers to the East Indies, the species' natural habitat.
In the Malay, the tapir is commonly referred to as "cipan", "tenuk" or "badak tampong".
Ford Ranger is a North American pickup truck distributed via Ford Motor Company.
The Ranger currently in operation dates back to around 1983, although the name Ranger first got used on other types of Ford trucks in 1965.
The Ford Ranger was discontinued in 2011, though it will be brought back in 2019.
Korea under Japanese rule is a term to define Korea when it was under Japanese control.
Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895 and in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 cleared the way.
Japan controlled Korea for 35 years during Japanese Imperialism.
The Japanese control of Korea lasted from 22 August 1910  until 15 August 1945.
The Japanese rulers of Korea left the country on 2 September 1945.
In Japan, the more common term is "Korea of the Japanese-Governed Period" (日本統治時代の朝鮮, Nippon Tōchi-jidai no Chosen).
The period is usually divided into three parts.
In 1910-1919, the Japanese treated Koreans very badly.
From 1919 to 1930-s they created better policies to deal with the Korean people.
However, they later tried to force them to become Japanese.
Isabella Lucy Bird (1898), Korea and Her Neighbours: A Narrative of Travel, with an Account of the Recent Vicissitudes and Present Position of the Country
Horace Newton Allen (1908), [https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC01139077&id=ItkMAAAAIAAJ Things Korean: A Collection of Sketches and Anecdotes, Missionary and Diplomatic]
Hildi Kang (2001), Under the Black Umbrella: Voices from Colonial Korea, 1910-1945'', Cornell University Press,
Toshiyuki Mizoguchi, "Consumer Prices and Real Wages in Taiwan and Korea under Japanese Rule" Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 13(1): 40-56
Toshiyuki Mizoguchi, "Economic Growth of Korea under the Japanese Occupation - Background of Industrialization of Korea 1911-1940" Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 20(1): 1-19
Toshiyuki Mizoguchi, "Foreign Trade in Taiwan and Korea under Japanese Rule" Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 14(2): 37-53
Kim, Young-Koo, The Validity of Some Coerced Treaties in the Early 20th Century: A Reconsideration of the Japanese Annexation of Korea in Legal Perspective
Melanin is a special pigment of the epidermis.
It helps protect the body from the sun's radiation.
This pigment contributes to the color of the skin and is produced deep within the layers of the epidermis.
It is created from amino acid tyrosine.
Hey There, It's Yogi Bear is a movie starring Daws Butler, Don Messick, Julie Bennett, and Mel Blanc.
It is based on the Hanna-Barbera cartoon show, The Yogi Bear Show.
Yogi tells Ranger Smith that he wants out of the park, so he tries to get Yogi sent away.
Cindy gets captured by an evil circus owner, so Yogi and Boo-Boo leave Jellystone Park to save her.
Yogi Bear (Daws Butler)
Boo-Boo Bear (Don Messick)
Ranger Smith (Don Messick)
Cindy Bear (Juile Bennett)
Grivley (Mel Blanc)
Ranger Jones (Don Messick)
Mercury was the automobile division for Ford.
The company was founded in 1938.
Between 1945 and 2011, it was the Mercury half of the Lincoln-Mercury division of the Ford Motor Company.
The vehicles made by Mercury include Mountaineer, Sable, Milan and Grand Marquis.
The Mercury brand was phased out in early 2011.
The car was called Mercury because it was the name of the Roman god of messengers.
This claims the car's performence was good.
Adelaide of Austria (Adelheid Franziska Marie Rainera Elisabeth Clotilde; 3 June 1822 – 20 January 1855) was the first wife of Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia, future King of Italy.
She was the mother of eight children including the future Umberto I of Italy.
She was the Queen of Sardinia from 1849 until 1855 when she died as a result of childbirth.
The present Italian pretender is her direct great great grandson.
She was born at the Royal Palace of Milan to Rainer Joseph of Austria and his wife Elisabeth of Savoy.
Named Adelaide, or known as Adele in the family, she held the title of Archduchess of Austria.
Her father was the Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia and was a son of the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II and Maria Luisa of Spain.
Her mother was a member of the House of Savoy and a daughter of the then Prince of Carignano, the head of the junior branch of the House of Savoy who ruled the Kingdom of Sardinia.
Duchess of Savoy
On 12 April 1842, at the Palazzina di caccia di Stupinigi, she married Victor Emmanuel of Savoy.
The marriage was used to strengthen relations between the House of Savoy and that of the House of Habsburg but was viewed by many people of the time to increase Austrian power in Italy.
Victor Emmanuel was her first cousin and heir apparent to the King of Sardinia.
He was styled the "Duke of Savoy" prior to succession.
Adelaide thus took on the style of "Duchess of Savoy".
She maintained her style of Imperial & Royal Highness till she became Queen.
Her husband's mother Maria Theresa of Austria retained great influence over her son throughout his life.
Her mother-in-law was also her first cousin, both she and Adelaide being grandchildren of Emperor Leopold II.
Adelaide and her husband of thirteen years had eight children.
Four of these went on to have further progeny.
Her husband had various extramarital affairs throughout the marriage.
Adelaide was a quiet and religious woman and had had a strict upbringing.
A loving wife and frequently would give to charity.
Queen of Sardinia
In March 1849 her father-in-law King Charles Albert abdicated after the events of the Revolutions of 1848.
Her husband succeeded as Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia.
During her tenure as queen consort she had three further children all of which died in infancy.
On 8 January 1855 she gave birth to a son who was styled the "Count of Genevois".
Days later Queen Maria Theresa died on 12 January 1855.
Adelaide went to the late queens funeral on 16 January and returning to the palace caught a cold.