the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Jaromír Jágr (pronounced , born February 15, 1972 in Kladno, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic) is a Czech professional ice hockey right winger, who plays for the Florida Panthers in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Jágr formerly played in the National Hockey League with the Pittsburgh Penguins, Washington Capitals, New York Rangers, Philadelphia Flyers, Dallas Stars, Boston Bruins, and the New Jersey Devils.
Jágr is currently in the top ten among players in NHL career goals, assists, and points, and is regarded as one of the game's all-time great players.
Stanley Cup champion – 1991, 1992 (Pittsburgh)
Hart Memorial Trophy (MVP) – 1999
Finalist: 1995, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006
Art Ross Trophy (Leading point scorer) – 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
Finalist: 1996, 2006
Lester B. Pearson Award (Players' MVP) – 1999, 2000, 2006
Selected to 12 NHL All-Star games: 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
NHL First Team All-Star – 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006
NHL Second Team All-Star – 1997
NHL All-Rookie Team – 1991
Medal of Merit in the second grade, awarded by the president of the Czech Republic Václav Klaus in 2010
Flagbearer for the Czech Olympic Team at the 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver.
Olympic gold medal winner for the Czech Republic in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano
Olympic bronze medal for the Czech Republic in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin
IIHF World Champion – 2005, 2010
IIHF European Club Champion – 2005
IOC “Sport, inspiring young people” Trophy – 2011
Golden Stick Award – 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2011.
Awarded annually to the top ice hockey player in the Czech Republic (and previously in Czechoslovakia), Jágr surpassed five-time winner Dominik Hašek in 2005, going on to win his tenth in 2011.
Czech Sportsman of the Year – 2005.
Awarded by journalists in the Czech Republic.
IIHF World Championship All-Star Team – 2004, 2005 and 2011
IIHF World Championship directorate award winner (best forward) – 2011
In 1998 he was ranked number 37 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.
This made him the highest-ranked player to have been trained outside Canada.
Jágr, who was only 26 at the time, was additionally the second-youngest player on the list, older only than 25-year-old, No.
54-ranked Eric Lindros.
NHL records
Most regular season points by a right wing (1995–96) - 149
Most regular season assists by a right wing (1995–96) - 87
Most regular season points by a European-born player (1995–96) - 149
Most regular season points by a player born outside of Canada (1995–96) - 149
Most all-time regular season points by a player who started his career in Europe - 1599 (At the end of the 2007–08 season)
Most all-time regular season goals by a player who started his career in Europe - 646 (At the end of the 2007–08 season)
Most all-time regular season points by a European born player - 1599 (At the end of the 2007–08 season)
Most all-time overtime goals - 19
Most consecutive 30-goal seasons (1991–2007) - 15 (Shared with Mike Gartner, including the shortened 1994–95 NHL season, 48 games)
Most consecutive 70-or-more point seasons (15) (including the shortened 1994–95 NHL season, 48 games)
New York Rangers records
Most regular season goals by a Rangers player (2005–06) - 54
Most regular season points by a Rangers player (2005–06) - 123
Most regular season power play goals by a Rangers player (2005–06) - 24
Most regular season shots on goal by a Rangers player (2005–06) - 368
Most regular season game-winning goals by a Rangers player (2005–06) - 9 (tied with Mark Messier 1996–97 and Don Murdoch 1980–81)
Most regular season goals by a Rangers right wing (2005–06) - 54
Most regular season assists by a Rangers right wing (2005–06) - 69
Most regular season points by a Rangers right wing (2005–06) - 123
The spinning jenny is a multi-spool spinning wheel.
It was invented around 1764 by James Hargreaves (c. 1720 – 22 April 1778) in Stanhill, near Blackburn, Lancashire in the northwest of England.
The device dramatically reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn.
A single worker could work eight or more spools at once.
Essay  from http://www.cottontown.org on Hargreaves and the spinning jenny.
Essay from http://www.cottonttimes.co.uk  on Highs and the spinning jenny.
Source for alternate name of spinning ginny
Roman Turek (born May 21, 1970 in Strakonice, Czechoslovakia — now the Czech Republic) is a professional ice hockey goaltender, who played for the Dallas Stars, St. Louis Blues, and Calgary Flames in a 9-year National Hockey League career.
Currently he is playing in the Czech Extraliga for HC České Budějovice.
Post-season
1996 World Championships All-Star Team
1996 World Championships Best Goaltender
1999 William M. Jennings Trophy
2000 William M. Jennings Trophy
1994 Played for Czech Republic at 1994 Winter Olympics
1994 Played for Czech Republic at World Championships
1996 Won gold medal for Czech Republic at World Championships
1996 Played for Czech Republic at World Cup of Hockey
Statistics from NHL.com
Most engines or motors create power as torque by making something rotate.
This can be from an internal combustion engine (as in a car), water driving a water wheel, or gas or water going through a turbine.
This rotating power is called torque.
The load that is turned creates torsion and shear stress.
Drive shafts need to be strong enough to take this stress.
A light drive shaft will more efficiently move the power to the load, so there needs to be a balance between strength and weight.
Most automobiles today use drive shafts to deliver power from the engine to the wheels.
Most cars made today are front wheel drive (the front wheels have the power to move the car).
In this case, the drive shafts are between the transaxle and each front wheels.
In rear wheel drive cars, there are drive shafts between the differential and each rear wheel.
There is also a drive shaft running the length of the car, from the transmission up front to the differential in the back - in British English this is not called a drive shaft, but a propeller shaft, or prop-shaft, and the drive shafts may be called half shafts (since there are two that make one axle).
1 piece drive shaft
2 piece drive shaft
Slip in Tube drive shaft
The Slip in Tube Drive shaft is the new type which helps absorb energy in a crash, protecting the people in the car or truck.
It is also known as a collapsible drive shaft.
Motorcycle drive shafts
Drive shafts have been used on motorcycles almost as long as there have been motorcycles.
Many motorcycles use a simpler chain or belt drive instead, but drive shafts need less care, and have a long life.
A problem with using drive shafts on a motorcycle is that gearing is needed to turn the power 90° from the shaft to the rear wheel, losing some power in the process.
Farm tractors use a type of drive shaft called a Power Take-off shaft, or PTO shaft.
This is a shaft that comes out the back of the tractor.
It can be connected to any farm equipment that needs power from the tractor engine, such as a hay baler or corn chopper.
This lets the tractor be used for a lot of different uses, and the farm equipment doesn't need its own engine, saving money.
Drive shafts in Bicycles
The drive shaft can also be used in a bicycle instead of chain-drive.
They have been used for the past century, although never becoming very popular.
When used on a bicycle, a drive shaft has several advantages and disadvantages:
Drive system is less likely to become jammed or broken, a common problem with chain-driven bicycles
No grease on the rider, and no "Chain bite" to grab the clothing
Less care is needed than on a chain system when the drive shaft is enclosed in a tube, the common convention
More consistent performance.
Dynamic Bicycles claims that a drive shaft bicycle consistently delivers 94% efficiency, whereas a chain-driven bike can deliver anywhere from 75-97% efficiency based on condition.
More space above the ground (ground clearance) for going over bumps or things in the path
For bicycle rental companies, a drive-shaft bicycle is less likely to be stolen, since it obviously looks different.
This type of bicycle is in use in several major cities of Europe, where there have been large city-run bicycle rental or sharing projects.
A drive shaft system weighs more than a chain system, usually 1-2 pounds heavier
In its best condition, a chain delivers greater efficiency
Covering the chain and gears with a metal or plastic cover solves some problems with chains
Use of lightweight gears with a high number of ratios is impossible, although hub gears can be used
Taking off the wheel can be hard to do
The term power loom, corresponds to a mechanized loom powered by a driveshaft.
The first power loom was designed in 1784 by Edmund Cartwright and first built in 1785, later to be perfected by William Horrocks.
It allowed textile making to be done far faster than if a human had done the same work.
By 1850, over 250,000 of Cartwright's designs were used in England.
James Henry Northrop invented the automatic "weft replenishment" loom.
It revolutionized the weaving industry.
Some 700,000 "Northrop" automatic looms were sold worldwide.
Originally, power looms used a shuttle to throw the weft across, but in the early part of the 20th century the faster and more efficient shuttleless loom came into use.
Today, advances in technology have produced a variety of looms designed to maximize production for specific types of material.
The most common of these are air-jet looms and water-jet looms.
Computer-driven looms are now also available to individual home weavers.
ja:織機#力織機
Ahmadiyya (), fully known as Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is an Islamic movement founded in the 19th Century by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad who claimed to be the Mahdi and Promised Messiah.
Ahmad wanted to restore Islam's original message.
It was started before India was split into the modern day states of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
In 1914, the movement split into two different groups, over a question of who should become the next Caliph.
Both groups still exist today.
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to have fulfilled the prophecies for the Mahdi.
In addition to being a Mahdi, he was also called the Mujaddid (divine reformer) of the 14th Islamic century and the promised Messiah.
Ahmadis consider themselves Muslims and claim to practice the Islam that was taught and practised by Muhammad and his followers.
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founded the movement in 1889 and named it the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat (Community).
His goal was to restore life into Islam.
The original Ahmadiyya movement split into two separate groups, after the death of Nooruddin, the first successor of Ghulam Ahmad.
These movements are the Ahmadiyya Community and the smaller Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam (Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam, AAIIL).
The groups have different interpretations of Ahmad's teachings and claims.
They also have different opinions on the status of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and his successor, and how this person should be chosen.
The larger faction of the Ahmadiyya Movement, known as the Ahmadiyya Community is active in 190 countries of the world.
The International Headquarters of the Ahmadiyya Community is currently in London, England.
The smaller faction, known as the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, is active in 17 countries of the world.
They are most notable in Germany, Australia and Pakistan.
The International Headquarters of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement is in the town of Lahore, Pakistan where the Lahore Movement started.
Within Lahore, Pakistan, are the "Ahmadiyya Buildings Lahore" which act as the international administrative base for the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement.
Controversial points include the Ahmadiyya view on the death and return of Jesus and their concept of Jihad.
The Ahmadiyya community also has a different interpretation of verse Qur'an 33:40 of the Qur'an.
This verse talks about Muhammad as the Seal of the Prophets.
The members of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement are not subject to such criticism because they do not believe Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was a prophet.
For this reason, they are more close to traditional mainstream Islam.
Although mainstream Muslims consider them as heretics.
Ahmadis (particularly the members of the International Ahmadiyya Muslim Community) argue that their beliefs are in accordance with Islam, and by using arguments from the Qur'an, Hadith and opinion of Islamic jurists and theologians, challenge the contention of the groups calling them non-Muslims.
Ahmadis have translated the Qur'an in all the main languages of the world.
They broadcast globally on their 24-hour satellite television channels such as MTA 1, MTA 2, MTA 3, and a recently introduced MTA Africa.
Ahmadis have provided teachers, doctors and humanitarian relief workers in many developing countries.
The fourth Caliph, Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad helped to promote homeopathy as a system of medicine by training practitioners through a regular TV class and establishing many free dispensaries around the world.
The Ahmadiyyas are regarded as heretics by the orthodox Muslims because Mirza Ghulam Ahmad proclaimed himself the Mahdi of Islam as well as the second coming of Jesus.
In addition, Ahmadis also differ on the interpretation of the Finality of Prophethood (, khātaman nabiyyīn) where orthodox Muslim consider Muhammad to be the last Prophet, in contrast to the Ahmadiyya view, where Muhammad is considered as the final law-bearing prophet.
Thus, the majority of Muslims do not refer to the Ahmadis by this name, but use the derogative term 'Qadianis' (referring to Qadian, India, the birthplace of Ahmad) and Mirzai (referring to Mirza Ahmad).
These terms are used as Ahmadis are considered 'unworthy' of using the name Ahmad, an alternative name for Muhammad and therefore it is considered derogative, as it is to refer to Muslims as 'Muhammadans'.
International Official site
The Paris Métro or Métropolitain () is a rapid transit system in Paris, France.
The network is mostly underground.
It has 19 lines, which together are 225.1 km (139.9 mi) long.
There are 304 stations.
17 of these lines are owned by RATP and 2 by Paris Airport.
The Paris Métro is a symbol of the city.
Notable is its Art Nouveau architecture at the older entrances.
It is the second busiest metro system in Europe, after Moscow.
It carries 4.16 million passengers a day, and an annual total of 1.52 billion (2015).
The first line opened on 19 July 1900, during the 1900 World's Fair (Exposition Universelle).
The system expanded quickly and the core was complete by the 1920s.
Extensions into suburbs were built in the 1930s.
The network reached saturation after World War II.
The Métro introduced newer trains to allow higher traffic, but further improvements have been limited by the design of the network and in particular the short distances between stations.
Besides the Métro, Downtown Paris and its urban area are served by a number of other transit systems.
RATP English version.
Contains routes, schedules, journey times, etc...
Comprehensive map of the Paris Metro network
1900 establishments in France
Heroes is an American television show on the network NBC in the US, BBC 2 in the UK and various other stations worldwide.
It is about a group of people who have superpowers.
It was shown from 2006-2010.
Peter Petrelli
Emma Coolidge
Claire Bennet
Sylar
Hiro and Ando
Eddie Su'a (born 13 January 1983) is an Australian former rugby league player.
He played for the Cronulla Sharks in the NRL in 2007.
He played as a prop.
Eddie Su'a stats at Rugby League Project
A string in music is a string made of steel, nylon, or gut which vibrates on string instruments, such as the guitar, harp, piano, or violin.
They are usually under tension to help them vibrate.
The vibrations of strings with both ends fixed
Historical types of string
String Tension - technical information on string tension, with tension calculator
Richard Henry "Peter" Sellers,  , (8 September 1925 – 24 July 1980) was an English  comedian and actor best known for his three roles in Dr. Strangelove, as "Inspector Clouseau" in The Pink Panther movies, and as Clare Quilty in the original 1962 screen version of Lolita.
Actors from Hampshire
British radio actors
Comedians from Hampshire
Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson  MP (born 19 June 1964) is a British politician and journalist.
He is Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
He has been the Leader of the Conservative Party since 23 July 2019.
Johnson is the Member of Parliament for Uxbridge and South Ruislip.
He has been since 2015.
He represented the constituency of Henley from 2001 to 2008.
In the 2008 Mayor of London election he was elected as London's second Mayor.
He stopped working as mayor to run as an MP for the House of Commons in 2015.
In July 2016, Johnson became Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs.
He resigned this position in July 2018.
This was the same day that David Davis resigned as Brexit Secretary.
Jeremy Hunt became the Secretary of State for Foreign affairs and Commonwealth Affairs after Johnson.
Johnson was educated at Eton.
He went to Balliol College, Oxford where he studied Classics.
He began his journalism career with The Times.
Later, he moved to The Daily Telegraph where he was assistant editor.
He became editor of The Spectator in 1999.
He was elected to the House of Commons in the 2001 general election.
He became one of the most famous politicians in the country.
He has also written several books.
Johnson served on the Conservative front bench under Michael Howard for a short time.
He was the Shadow Minister for the Arts from April 2004 until November 2004.
He became a backbencher again after a sex scandal.
Johnson returned to the front bench when David Cameron became leader of the Conservative Party in 2005.
Johnson became Shadow Minister for Higher Education.
He resigned as editor of The Spectator to spend more time on his new role.
On 26 August 2014, Johnson said he would stand as Conservative candidate for MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip in the 2015 General Election.
He did not run for the 2016 London mayoral election.
Labour candidate Sadiq Khan became the new London mayor.
Johnson was in support of Brexit during the 2016 membership referendum.
The vote decided that the United Kingdom would leave the European Union.
Theresa May became the new Prime Minister.
She chose Johnson as Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs in July 2016.
Johnson left May's cabinet in July 2018 after her Brexit agreements failed.
Johnson became the party leader in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election.
On 20 June, Johnson and Jeremy Hunt became the last two candidates in the election.
He became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 24 July 2019.
The Conservatives won the 2019 United Kingdom general election on 13 December 2019.
Johnson continued as Prime Minister.
In early April 2020, Johnson was very sick due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
He returned to work in late April.
Boris Johnson was born in a clinic at Upper East Side in New York City, New York.
He is the eldest of the four children of Stanley Johnson.
Stanley is a former Conservative MEP (Member of the European Parliament).
He was also an employee of the European Commission and the World Bank.
Boris Johnson's mother is the painter Charlotte Fawcett (later Wahl).
She is the daughter of Sir James Fawcett, a prominent barrister and the president of the European Commission of Human Rights.
On his father's side Johnson is the great-grandson of Ali Kemal.
Kemal was a liberal Turkish journalist and interior minister in the government of Damat Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
He was murdered during the Turkish War of Independence.
During World War I, Boris's grandfather and great aunt were recognised as British subjects.
They took their grandmother's maiden name of Johnson.
Johnson has described himself as a "one-man melting pot" because of his cosmopolitan ancestry.
His ancestors were Muslims, Jews and Christians if one counts his great-grandparents.
His father's maternal (his mother's) grandmother, Marie Louise de Pfeffel, was a descendent of Prince Paul of Württemberg.
This was due to the Prince's relationship with a German actress.
Johnson is a descendent of King George II of Great Britain through Prince Paul.
Johnson is also a descendent of all the previous British royal houses through George's great-great-great grandfather, King James I of England.
Johnson and his family went back to England soon after he was born because his mother needed to take her Oxford finals.
Johnson's sister Rachel was born a year later.
As a child, Boris Johnson had severe (bad) deafness.
He had many operations to have grommets put in his ears.
He was reportedly quite quiet as a child.
He was educated at the European School in Brussels, Ashdown House and then at Eton College.
At Eton, he was a King's Scholar.
He read Classics at Balliol College, Oxford.
He was a Brackenbury scholar.
He was also elected President of the Oxford Union at his second attempt (try).
Radek Sikorski said that Johnson acted as a supporter of the Social Democratic Party to win the Union presidency.
This was because the party was popular at the university.
Johnson denies he did this.
He said he was only the SDP's preferred candidate.
Along with David Cameron he was a member of Oxford's Bullingdon Club.
The club is a student dining society known for its raucous feasts.
In 1987 Johnson married Allegra Mostyn-Owen.
The marriage lasted less than a year.
It was dissolved in 1993.
He married the barrister Marina Wheeler later the same year.
Wheeler is the daughter of journalist and broadcaster Sir Charles Wheeler and his Sikh Indian wife, Dip Singh.
The Wheeler and Johnson families have known each other for many years.
Marina Wheeler was at the European School in Brussels at the same time as Boris Johnson.
They have two sons—Theodore Apollo (born 1999) and Milo Arthur (born 1995)—and two daughters—Lara Lettice (born 1993) and Cassia Peaches (born 1997).
In 2016 Johnson renounced his American citizenship.
He was American because he was born in New York.
In 2018, Johnson and Wheeler announced their separation and soon divorced in 2020.
He later developed a relationship with Carrie Symonds around the same time he separated from Wheeler.
They became engaged in late 2019.
Their first son was born on 29 April 2020 in London.
His name is Wilfred Lawrie Nicholas Johnson.
Symonds and Johnson got married in May 2021.
Johnson and Symonds had their second child, a daughter, on 9 December 2021.
Her name is Romy Iris Charlotte Johnson.
Johnson ran for MP of Clwyd South in the 1997 general election.
In 2001, he was elected MP for Henley.
He replaced Michael Heseltine.
In 2004 he became Shadow Minister for the Arts after Nick Hawkins (the Shadow Home Affa
irs Spokesman) resigned.
Johnson was vice-chairman of the Conservative Party from November 2003.
He put an emphasis on campaigning.
Johnson was sacked from these high-profile posts in November 2004.
He was accused of lying to Michael Howard about a four-year extramarital affair with Petronella Wyatt, The Spectators New York correspondent and former deputy editor.
Johnson said the allegations were not true.
He said they were "an inverted pyramid of piffle".
However, Howard sacked Johnson because he believed press reports showed Johnson had lied, and not because of the affair itself.
The new Conservative Leader David Cameron made him Shadow Minister for Higher Education on 9 December 2005.
Johnson resigned as editor of The Spectator soon after this.
On 2 April 2006 the News of the World said that Johnson had had another extramarital affair.
They said the affairwas with journalist Anna Fazackerley from theTimes Higher Education Supplement.
A video shows him coming out her flat and waving to her in a taxi.
In a speech at the University of Exeter concerning student finance, Johson allegedly made funny remarks about his gratitude to the audience for not "raising other issues" during the talk.
This may have been a reference to the allegations about the second affair.
A report in The Times said that Cameron saw the possible affair as a private matter.
He said that Johnson would not lose his job over it.
2008 London Mayoral election
Johnson told the press he may be a Conservative candidate for the London mayoral election in 2008 on 16 July 2007.
Reports said he declared that "the opportunity is too great and the prize too wonderful to miss ... the chance to represent London and speak for Londoners".
He resigned as Shadow Minister for Higher Education.
A public London wide primary gave him 75% of the vote.
He was confirmed as the Conservative candidate on 27 September 2007.
Alcohol use ban on public transport
On 7 May 2008, Johnson said he wanted to ban (stop) people drinking alcohol on the London transport system.
This was meant to start on 1 June.
Jeroen Weimar, Transport for London's director of transport policing and enforcement, said this was reasonable.
He said people should be more considerate on trains.
The ban initially applied on the London Underground, Buses, DLR and Croydon Trams.
The London Overground was added later in June 2008.
Press releases said that the ban was for "stations across the capital".
It did not say if this included National Rail stations - especially the stations not served by the TfL lines on which alcohol is banned.
Thousands of drinkers used the Underground system on the last evening on which alcohol was allowed to mark the event.
Six London Underground stations had to close because of the trouble.
Drinkers assaulted a number of staff and police.
Police made 17 arrests.
Drinkers damaged several trains.
The trains were withdrawn from service.
Johnson was present at the closing ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
He was London's representative to receive the Olympic flag from Guo Jinlong, the Mayor of Beijing.
This was to formally announce London as Olympic host city for 2012.
The Chinese media said he was "rude, arrogant and disrespectful" for accepting the Olympic flag with one hand, putting his hands in his pockets and not buttoning up his jacket.
Later, at a party held at London House in Beijing, Johnson gave a speech in which he declared "ping pong is coming home".
MP (since 2015)
In August 2014, Johnson said that he would run as the Conservative candidate for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election.
He became the party's candidate in September.
Swinford, Steven; Holehouse, Matthew (12 September 2014). "
Boris Johnson selected to stand for Tories in Uxbridge and South Ruislip".
The Daily Telegraph.
Retrieved 4 April 2015.
In the May 2015 general election Johnson won the election.
He became MP.
Some thought he ran for MP to replace David Cameron as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
In February 2016, Johnson supported Vote Leave for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016.
After Johnson said he wanted to leave the European Union, Brexit approval dropped nearly 2% to its lowest level since March 2009.
On 22 June 2016, Johnson said that 23 June could be "Britain's independence day" in a televised debate in front of a 6000-member audience at Wembley Arena.
David Cameron, British Prime Minister at the time, talked about Johnson's claim.
He said: "the idea that our country isn't independent is nonsense.
This whole debate demonstrates our sovereignty."
David Cameron resigned as Prime Minister after the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union.
Johnson was the favourite to be the new Prime Minister.
However, Johnson announced he would not stand in the Conservative leadership election.
Foreign Secretary (2016–2018)
Theresa May became leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister.
In July 2016, she appointed Johnson Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs.
Many saw that this appointment made his political power weaker.
Barack Obama was critical of Johnson after Johnson made a racist remark to Obama.
This was after Obama said he wanted the U.K. to stay in the European Union.
In May 2018, Johnson supported the Iran Nuclear deal.
This is something that President Donald Trump did not support.
After the Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salisbury, Johnson compared Vladimir Putin to Adolf Hitler.
Johnson resigned as Foreign Secretary in July 2018.
This was after Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit agreements failed.
Prime Minister (since 2019)
2019 leadership race
On 16 May 2019, Johnson announced his plans to run for Prime Minister and Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election.
He got through the first round of voting with 114 Conservative MPs voting for him.
He later won all future ballots by large numbers.
He was part of the final two candidates with Jeremy Hunt on 20 June.
The members' vote closed on 22 July.
The result was announced on 23 July.
Johnson was elected leader with 92,153 votes (66.4%) to Hunt's 46,656 votes (33.6%).
He formally replaced Theresa May as Prime Minister on 24 July after a meeting with the Queen.
2019 general election
On 29 October 2019, Johnson announced that the next general election would happen on 12 December 2019.
He wanted the Conservatives to win a majority in parliament to pass a Brexit bill.
The election result was a landslide Conservative victory.
They won with an overall majority of about 80 seats.
The result was the worst for the Labour Party since 1935.
Partygate
In December 2021, it was revealed that Johnson had held office parties at 10 Downing Street during COVID lockdowns.
At first, Johnson denied having parties during the lockdowns.
On 10 January 2022, ITV News reported that a planned party had taken place on 20 May 2020.
At the time, people outdoors were not allowed to meet more than one person from outside their household.
Two days later, Johnson apologised to MPs in the Commons for "attending an event in the Downing Street garden during the first lockdown".
Some conservatives criticized Johnson and wanted him to resign.
A police investigation into the parties were announced.
Mayor of London, the London Assembly and the Greater London Authority - official London government website
Boris Johnson.com official web site and blog
MayorWatch pages
Conservative Party — Boris Johnson MP  official biography
A 2008 Interview with Boris Johnson
BBC News — Boris Johnson profile 10 February 2005
Open Directory Project — Boris Johnson  directory category
Who do you think you are
"The Boris Johnson story", BBC, May 4, 2008
References Notes'
Mayors of London
nUbuntu or Network Ubuntu is a project to take the existing Ubuntu operating system and remaster it as a Live CD and Full Install with tools needed for penetration testing servers and networks.
The main idea is to keep Ubuntu's ease of use and mix it with popular penetration testing tools.
Besides usage for network and server testing, nUbuntu will be made to be a desktop distribution for advanced Linux users.
2005-12-18 - nUbuntu Project is born, developers release Testing 1
2006-01-16 - nUbuntu Live developers release Stable 1
2006-06-26 - nUbuntu Live developers release version 6.06
2006-10-16 - nUbuntu featured in Hacker Japan, a Japanese hacker magazine
2007-12-31 - nUbuntu developer TomB retires from project, Brendan Almonte takes over
2008-07-16 - nUbuntu Live developers release version 8.04 Alpha
SecurityDistro screenshots of nUbuntu
SecurityDistro's nUbuntu section
SecurityDistro's nUbuntu forum page
de:Liste von Linux-Distributionen#Ubuntu-Derivate
It is one of the first pigments made synthetically.
It was accidentally found in 1704 by two chemists in Berlin.
A colour can be shown by hex triplet is a six-digit, three-byte hexadecimal number used in HTML, CSS, and other computing applications.
The hex triplet to represent Prussian blue is 003153.
Use as a medicine
Prussian blue is a medicine that is sometimes given by doctors to help remove certain radioactive materials from people’s bodies.
It has been used this way since the 1960s.
Potential use in computer storage
Prussian blue is a chemical compound.
One of the chemical elements in this compound is iron.
Researchers have experimented replacing some of the iron atoms in Prussian blue with cobalt.
When the Prussian blue compound is lit with a red light at -150 C, the compound shifts from being non-magnetic (off) to magnetic (on).
The magnetic shift does not change back except if deliberately reversed (or undone) with heat.
This magnetic property means the compound can be used in computer storage.
Because the compound can be turned "on" and "off" in a controlled way, it can remember binary information.
Binary information is used for computer storage.
Tones of Prussian blue color comparison chart
The London Assembly is an elected body and part of the Greater London Authority that verifies the activities of the Mayor of London.
It has the power, with a two-thirds majority, to amend the Mayor's annual budget.
The Assembly was established in 2000 and is headquartered at City Hall on the south side of the River Thames.
The Assembly is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners, publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the Mayor.
Somali () is a Cushitic language.
It is spoken by ethnic Somalis in Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Yemen and Kenya, as well as by the Somali diaspora around the world -- an estimated total population of between 10 and 16 million speakers.
Languages of Ethiopia
Gravy is an English sauce made often from the juices that run naturally from meat or vegetables during cooking.
It is a smooth, non-chunky liquid.
Ready-made cubes and powders can be used as a substitute for natural meat or vegetable extracts.
Canned gravies are also available.
Gravy is commonly served with roasts, meatloaf, rice, and potato dishes.
It it is very popular because it is used on mashed potatoes sometimes.
Skinner was the leading behaviorist in psychology; he built on the work of John B. Watson, and added the idea of operant conditioning.
These two American psychologists paid no attention to mental states and 'thinking' (terms they thought  were unscientific), but dealt only with visible behaviors.
Skinner's work had effects on education (programmed learning) and on behavior therapy for various psychological problems.
He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974, and then Emeritus Professor until 1990.
Skinner was also a social philosopher who wanted to change society, and wrote a eutopian novel, in which the science of human behavior is used to eliminate poverty, sexual oppression, government as we know it, and create a lifestyle without war.
He wrote poetry, and three volumes of autobiography.
Skinner became an atheist after a liberal Christian teacher tried to assuage his fear of the Hell that his grandmother described.
"Within a year I had gone to Miss Graves to tell her that I no longer believed in God. '
I know,' she said, 'I have been through that myself.'
But her strategy misfired: I never went through it".
Skinner attended Harvard University after receiving his B.A. in English literature in 1926.
After graduation, he spent a year at his parents' home in Scranton attempting to become a writer of fiction.
He tried to become a writer in Greenwich Village.
He soon became disillusioned with his literary skills and concluded that he had little world experience and no strong personal perspective from which to write.
His encounter with John B. Watson's Behaviorism led him into graduate study in psychology and to the development of his own operant behaviorism.
Skinner received a PhD from Harvard in 1931, and remained there as a researcher until 1936.
He then taught at the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis and later at Indiana University, where he was chair of the psychology department from 1946–1947.
He returned to Harvard in 1948, and stayed there for the rest of his career.
In 1936, Skinner married Yvonne Blue.
The couple had two daughters, Julie (m. Vargas) and Deborah (m. Buzan).
He died of leukemia on August 18, 1990, and is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1968 National Medal of Science from President Lyndon B. Johnson
1971 Gold Medal of the American Psychological Foundation.
1972 Humanist of the Year Award.
1990 Citation for Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology
Written Works
The behavior of organisms: an experimental analysis. ,
Walden Two.
Science and human behavior.
Schedules of reinforcement, with C.B. Ferster.
The analysis of behavior: a program for self instruction, with James G. Holland.
This self-instruction book is no longer in print, but the B.F. Skinner Foundation web site has an interactive version.
New York: Appleton-Century-Croft.
Contingencies of reinforcement: a theoretical analysis.
Beyond freedom and dignity.
About behaviorism. ;
Reflections on behaviorism and society.
Notebooks, edited by Robert Epstein.
Skinner for the Classroom, edited by R. Epstein.
Enjoy old age: a program of self-management. (
with M.E. Vaughan)
Upon further reflection.
Recent issues in the analysis of behavior.
1959, 1961, 1972 and 1999.
Cumulative Record: a selection of papers, as Cumulative Record: definitive edition.
This book includes a reprint of Skinner's October 1945 Ladies' Home Journal article, Baby in a Box, Skinner's original, personal account of the much-misrepresented 'Baby in a box' device.
(paperback)
Skinner B.F. 1976.
Particulars of my life: Part 1 of an autobiography.
Skinner B.F. 1979.
The shaping of a behaviorist: Part 2 of an autobiography.
Skinner B.F. 1983.
A matter of consequences: Part 3 of an autobiography. ,
Articles by B.F. Skinner
Two types of conditioned reflex and a pseudo type (1935) Journal of General Psychology, 12, 66-77.
"Superstition" in the pigeon (1947) Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 168-172.
Are theories of learning necessary?
Psychological Review,57, 193-216, 1950.
National Academy of Sciences biography.
The B. F. Skinner Foundation.
B.F. Skinner profile, NNDB.
Falmouth Academy (also known as FA) is a private preparatory school for students from grades 7-12 in Falmouth, Massachusetts on Cape Cod.
Breastfeeding is when a mother feeds her babies milk from her breasts.
The baby puts its mouth on to their mother's nipple and sucks the milk out of the breast's mammary gland.
Breast milk is healthier for the baby than baby formula or cow's milk.
Not all women can safely feed their baby.
If a woman has AIDS, tuberculosis or takes illegal drugs, then the milk is not good for the baby.
There are many reasons to breastfeed.
Babies that breastfeed have a reduced risk for several diseases.
In addition, it makes for cheaper feeding and health care.
In both developing and developed countries, breastfeeding without giving the baby any other drinks leads to fewer deaths from diarrhoea.
Satyajit Ray () (2 May 1921–23 April 1992) was a Bengali Indian movie director.
Many people consider him as one of the greatest film-makers of 20th century movie business.
He was born in the city of Kolkata.
His Bengali family was prominent in arts and letters.
Ray studied at Presidency College and at the Visva-Bharati University.
He started his career as a commercial artist.
Ray was interested in filmmaking by meeting French filmmaker Jean Renoir and seeing the Italian movie Bicycle Thieves during a visit to London.
Ray directed thirty-seven movies.
These include feature movies, documentaries and shorts.
Ray's first movie, Pather Panchali, won eleven international prizes, including Best Human Document at Cannes Film Festival.
This movie along with Aparajito and Apur Sansar form the Apu trilogy.
Ray did scripting, casting, scoring, cinematography, art direction, editing and designed his own credit titles and publicity material.
He was a fiction writer, publisher, illustrator, graphic designer and movie critic.
Ray won an Academy Award in 1992.
Francesco Petrarca  (20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet, and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists.
Petrarch is often called the "father of humanism".
Based on Petrarch's works, and to a lesser extent those of Dante Alighieri and Giovanni Boccaccio, Pietro Bembo in the 16th century created the model for the modern Italian language.
Petrarch is credited with developing the sonnet with his Canzoniere to a level of perfection that would be unsurpassed to this day and spreading its use to other European languages.
His sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry.
Petrarch was also known for being one of the first people to call the Middle Ages the Dark Ages, although the negative myth as we know it today is largely the legacy of romantic literature.
Canzoniere (different edition) and other works
Petrarch and Laura Multi-lingual site including many translated works (letters, poems, books) in the public domain and biography, pictures, music.
Petrarch from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Excerpts from his works and letters
The Petrarchan Grotto
Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) (1304-1374)
Poems From The Canzoniere, translated by Tony Kline.
Petrarch - the poet who lost his head April 6, 2004 article in The Guardian regarding the exhumation of Petrarch's remains.
Francesco Petrarca at The Online Library of Liberty
De remediis utriusque fortunae, Cremonae, B. de Misintis ac Caesaris Parmensis, 1492.
1304 births
1374 deaths
Language planning is the attempt to influence how a language is used.
This is usually done to make it possible to use the language for more subjects.
Goals, objectives and strategies are made to change the way a language is used.
For many languages there are special organisations, that look after the language.
Examples of such organisations are the Academie Française for French or the British Council for English.
Corpus planning creates new words, expressions or changes old ones to have a new meaning.
Corpus planning is involved with creating standards for a language, such as spelling and grammar, or to create dictionaries.
Linguistic purity is about avoiding foreign influences to a language because they are seen as bad.
It also belongs to corpus planning.
Status planning wants to change the way a language is used.
It is about making some languages (or dialects) official languages for a territory.
Very often, part of status planning is creating a writing system for a language that was only spoken before.
Acquisition planning is about teaching the language.
It looks at ways to make it easier or more attractive to learn a language.
Very often, acquisition planning also involves making the language more attractive to learn for speakers of other languages.
Johnny Marr (born John Martin Maher on 31 October 1963)  is an English guitarist, keyboardist, harmonica player, and singer.
Marr was born in Ardwick, Manchester to Irish immigrants.
When he was younger, he wanted to be a football player.
He rose to fame in the 1980s as the guitarist in The Smiths, where he formed an influential songwriting partnership with Morrissey.
In 2013 he was given NME's Godlike Genius award.
He released his first solo album, The Messenger, in 2013.
Keyboardists
Years of Refusal is the ninth solo album by Morrissey, the former lead singer of The Smiths.
The album, distributed by Decca, was released on February 16, 2009 in the United Kingdom and on February 17, 2009 in the United States.
The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-sharing treaty between the Republic Of India and Islamic Republic Of Pakistan.
The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by the then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the then President of Pakistan Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan.
The World Bank is a signatory as a third party.
The Indus System of Rivers comprises three Western Rivers - the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab and three Eastern Rivers - the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi; and with minor exceptions, the treaty gives India exclusive use of all of the waters of the Eastern Rivers and their tributaries before the point where the rivers enter Pakistan.
Similarly, Pakistan has exclusive use of the Western Rivers.
Pakistan also received one-time financial compensation for the loss of water from the Eastern rivers.
The countries agree to exchange data and co-operate in matters related to the treaty.
For this purpose, treaty creates the Permanent Indus Commission, with a commissioner who will be appointed by each country.
Foreign relations of India
John Collings Willcock (9 August 1879 – 7 June 1956) was the 15th Premier of Western Australia from 20 August 1936 to 31 July 1945.
Willcock, John
Philip Collier (21 April 1873 – 18 October 1948) was the 14th Premier of Western Australia from 17 April 1924 to 23 April 1930 and then from 24 April 1933 to 19 August 1936.
Collier, Philip
Sir James Mitchell (27 April 1866 – 26 July 1951) was the 13th Premier of Western Australia from  17 May 1919 to 15 April 1924 and again from 24 April 1930 to 24 April 1933.
He was from the Nationalist Party.
After he was Premier he became the acting Governor of Western Australia until 1948 when he was made the Governor.
He retired as Governor one month before he died.
The Mitchell Freeway, one of the major roads in Perth (the capital city of Western Australia), is named after him.
Mitchell, James
This article is about the studio album, the mental condition is at Folie à deux
Folie à Deux is the fifth studio album by American rock band Fall Out Boy.
It was released through Island Records on December 16, 2008 in the United States.
The album title is French for "a madness shared by two."
The album reached #8 on the US Billboard 200 album chart with 150,000 sales in its first week, making it Fall Out Boy's third top 10 album in a row.
The first single was "I Don't Care" which reached #21 on the Billboard Hot 100 songs chart.
It is certified gold in the US for shipments of 500,000 copies.
It got positive reviews by music critics.
It is the final album the band made before taking a break.
"Lullabye (hidden pregap track)
"Disloyal Order of Water Buffaloes"
"I Don't Care" - 3:39
"She's My Winona"
"Headfirst Slide Into Cooperstown On A Bad Bet" - 3:55
"(Coffee's for Closers)"
"What a Catch, Donnie"- 5:01
"Tiffany Blews"
"w.a.m.s."
"20 Dollar Nose Bleed"
"West Coast Smoker"
"What A Catch, Donnie" (or for short "What A Catch") is 3rd single released off the album by Fall Out Boy called Folie à Deux.
The single was released October 14, 2008.
The Stade de Suisse Wankdorf is a football stadium in Bern, Switzerland.
It is the home stadium of the Berner Sport Club Young Boys (they are often simply called the "BSC Young Boys"), which is a Swiss football team.
The Wankdorf is currently the second biggest football stadium in Switzerland.
The stadium has seats for 32,000 people.
The field is 105 m x 68 m and has got an artificial turf surface.
It was one of the venues for the European Football Championship in 2008.
About the building
The Stade de Suisse was built in the place where the old Wankdorf Stadium, which was destroyed in 2001, had been.
It cost 350 million francs to build the stadium.
There are solar panels on the roof.
There are many shops in the stadium.
The stadium is 2 kilometers away from the city.
The stadium was officially opened on July 30, 2005.
However, the first game of football was played there on July 16, 2005.
In the first game, The BSC Young Boys played against the Olympique Marseille.
The BSC Young Boys lost by a score of 2-3.
14,000 people watched the game.
The building's official name is "Stade de Suisse, Berne, Wankdorf".
Still, most people call it the "Wankdorf".
The building has also hosted Hockey games and musical concerts.
European Football Championship 2008
The Wankdorf was one of the venues for the European Football Championship in 2008 (often called Euro2008).
Three games were played here for the tournament.
During Euro2008, the real grass inside the stadium was replaced with fake grass, which is called artificial turf.
The stadium's operators removed the artificial turf after the championship.
The hot seat
All the seats are either black or yellow, but there is one red seat in sector A. It is called the "hot seat".
The ticket for that seat is often given to former players of Young Boys or famous visitors.
The first person who sat in the "hot seat" was the most successful goalkeeper of the BSC Young Boys, Walter Eirich.
The official website of the Stade de Suisse
Football stadiums in Europe
Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945) is a British socialist politician.
He has twice held the leading political role in London local government.