the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
2018 - Chuck Missler, American evangelist and author (born 1934)
2018 - Universo 2000, Mexican professional wrestler (born 1963)
2018 - Peter Temple-Morris, British politician (born 1938)
2018 - Arthur Barnard, American sprinter (born 1929)
2018 - Max Berrú, Ecuadorean-Chilean singer and musician (born 1942)
2019 - Dinko Dermendzhiev, Bulgarian footballer (born 1941)
2019 - Alessandra Panaro, Italian actress (born 1939)
2019 - Arvi Parbo, Estonian-Australian businessman and philanthropist (born 1926)
2019 - B. Subhashan Reddy, Indian judge (born 1943)
Saints of the Day: Saint Joseph the Worker; Saint Jeremiah, prophet
Beltane in Neo-Pagan Tradition
Lei Day (Hawaii)
Constitution Day (Latvia and Marshall Islands)
They stretch over 7,000 km / 4,400 miles from the south of Argentina and Chile to the north of Colombia.
They are also found in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
The Andes are the longest exposed mountain range of the world, and the second-highest after the Himalayas.
The Andes mountain range is the highest mountain range outside Asia.
Aconcagua, the highest peak, rises to 6,962 m (22,841 ft) above sea level.
The top of Mount Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes is the point on the Earth's surface most distant from its center.
Mount Chimborazo is an inactive volcano in Ecuador, which last erupted over a thousand years ago.
The southern Andes in Argentina and Chile;
The central Andes, having the Chilean and Peruvian mountain system and parts of Bolivia;
The northern part in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
The northern part has two parallel ranges.
They are the Cordillera Occidental (western) and the Cordillera Oriental (eastern).
The term cordillera comes from the Spanish word meaning 'rope'.
In the north the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Snowy Mountain Range of Saint Martha) is an isolated mountain range apart from the Andes chain that runs through Colombia.
Reaching an altitude of 5,700 metres above sea level just 42 km from the Caribbean coast, the Sierra Nevada is the world's highest coastal range.
The Andes range is about  wide throughout its length, except in Bolivia where it is  wide.
The islands of the Dutch Caribbean Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, which lie in the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Venezuela, represent the submerged tops of the northern edge of the Andes range.
The Andes are the result of plate tectonics processes, caused by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath the South American continental plate.
South America, like North America, has been moving west since the Cretaceous period.
The formation of the modern Andes began with the events of the Triassic and Jurassic when Pangea begun to break up and several rifts developed.
It was during the Cretaceous period that the Andes began to take their present form, by the uplifting, faulting and folding of sedimentary and metamorphic rock of the ancient cratons to the east.
The rise of the Andes has not been constant and different regions have had different degrees of tectonic stress, uplift, and weathering.
The climate in the Andes differs depending on which area, the altitude, and how close it is to the sea.
The southern section is rainy and cool.
The central Andes are dry.
The northern Andes are normally rainy and warm, with an average temperature of  in Colombia.
The climate is known to change very much in rather short distances.
Rainforests exist just miles away from the snow covered peak Cotopaxi.
The mountains have a large effect on the temperatures of nearby areas.
The snow line depends on the location.
It is at between 4,500 and 4,800 m (14,800–15,800 ft) in the tropical Ecuadorian, Colombian, Venezuelan, and northern Peruvian Andes, going up to 4,800–5,200 m (15,800–17,060 ft) in the drier mountains of southern Peru south to northern Chile south to about 30°S, then going down to  on Aconcagua at 32°S,  at 40°S,  at 50°S, and only  in Tierra del Fuego at 55°S; from 50°S, many of the bigger glaciers go down to sea level.
Rainforests used to hold much of the northern Andes but are now reduced, especially in the Chocó and inter-Andean valleys of Colombia.
Farming, deforestation, illegal crops, and population growth has done this.
A direct opposite of the humid Andean slopes are the mostly dry Andean slopes in most of western Peru, Chile and Argentina.
That area, and many Interandean Valles, normally have deciduous woodland, shrub and xeric vegetation, up to the mostly lifeless Atacama Desert.
About 30,000 species of vascular plants live in the Andes.
About half of those are endemic to the region: it is a hotspot.
The small tree Cinchona pubescens is a source of quinine used to treat malaria.
It is found widely in the Andes as far south as Bolivia.
Other important crops that came from the Andes are tobacco and potatoes.
The high-altitude Polylepis forests and woodlands are found in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile.
These trees are called Queñua, Yagual and other names.
They grow at altitudes of  above sea level.
It is still unclear if the patchy distribution of these forests and woodlands is natural, or the result of clearing which began during the Incan time.
Regardless, in modern times the clearance has had a faster pace, and the trees are now  highly endangered.
Some think as little as 10% of the original woodland is still here.
The Andes has a lot of wildlife.
With almost 1,000 species, of which about 2/3 are endemic to the region, the Andes is the most important region in the world for amphibians.
The Vicuña and Guanaco can be found living in the Altiplano, while the closely related domesticated Llama and Alpaca are commonly kept by locals as pack animals and for their meat and wool.
The nocturnal chinchillas, two threatened members of the rodent order, live in the Andes' alpine regions.
The Andean Condor, the largest bird of its kind in the Western Hemisphere, lives throughout much of the Andes but mostly in very low numbers.
Other animals found in the mostly open habitats of the high Andes are the huemul, cougar, and foxes in the genus Pseudalopex.
And for birds, some species of tinamous (they are members of the genus Nothoprocta), are the Andean Goose, Giant Coot, flamingos (mainly associated with hypersaline lakes),  Lesser Rhea, Andean Flicker, Diademed Sandpiper-plover, miners, sierra-finches and diuca-finches.
Mountains of South America
362 – Athanasius returns to Alexandria.
1245 - Bishop Thomas, the first-known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
1431 – The trial of Joan of Arc begins.
1437 - King James I of Scotland is murdered.
1440 – The Prussian Confederation is formed.
1543 – Battle of Wayna Daga – Combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat Muslim army led by Ahmed Gragn.
1613 – Mikhail I is elected unanimously as Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia .
1743 – The premiere in London of George Frideric Handel's oratorio, Samson
1804 – The first self-propelling steam locomotive makes its outing at the Pen-y-Darren ironworks in Wales.
1808 - Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops enter then-Swedish territory in Eastern Finland, starting the Finnish War, which later results in Russia taking control of Finland.
1842 – John J. Greenough patents the sewing machine.
1848 – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
1858 - Corinth, Greece, is destroyed by an earthquake.
The city is rebuilt 6 kilometers away.
1862 - American Civil War: The Battle of Valverde is fought near Fort Craig in the New Mexico territory.
1874 – The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first newspaper.
1875 – Jeanne Calment was born.
She then went on to live for 122 years 164 days, the longest confirmed lifespan for any human being in history.
1878 – The first telephone book is issued in New Haven, Connecticut.
1885 – The newly completed Washington Monument is dedicated.
1893 – Thomas Edison receives two U.S. patents for a "Cut Out for Incandescent Electric Lamps" and for a "Stop Device".
1902 - Harvey Cushing carries out the first brain surgery.
1907 - British passenger ship Berlin sinks in a storm in the harbor of Hoek van Holland, Netherlands, killing 128 people.
1913 - Ioannina is incorporated into the Greek state after the Balkan Wars.
1916 – World War I: In France the Battle of Verdun begins.
1918 - The last-surviving Carolina Parakeet dies in Cincinnati Zoo, making the species extinct.
1919 - German socialist Kurt Eisner is assassinated.
1921 - The Republic of Georgia's first Constitution is adopted.
1921 - Persian Prime Minister Fathollah Akbar Sepahdar is removed from power in a coup.
1925 – The New Yorker publishes its first issue.
1937 – Initial flight of the first successful flying car, Waldo Waterman's Arrowbile; League of Nations banned foreign national "volunteers" in the Spanish Civil War.
1945 - World War II: Japanese Kamikaze planes sink the escort carrier USS Bismarck Sea and damage the USS Saratoga.
1947 – In New York City Edwin Land demonstrates the first "instant camera", the Polaroid Land Camera, to a meeting of the Optical Society of America.
1948 – NASCAR is incorporated.
1952 – Language Martyrs' Day, marking language-revolution in the then East Pakistan through Bengali Language Movement (currently, the independent state of People's Republic of Bangladesh)
1952 – Churchill government in the UK abolishes Identity Cards to "set the people free".
1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson discover the structure of the DNA molecule.
1958 - The peace symbol, commissioned by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in protest against the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, is designed and completed by Gerald Holtom.
1960 – Cuban leader Fidel Castro nationalizes all businesses in Cuba.
1960 - The first Olympic biathlon is held, during the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California.
Over 20 kilometers, Sweden's Klas Lestander becomes the first Olympic champion in this event.
1965 – Malcolm X is assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City by members of the Nation of Islam.
1970 – Swissair Flight 330: A mid-air bomb explosion and subsequent crash kills 38 passengers and nine crew members near Zürich, Switzerland.
1971 – The Convention on Psychotropic Substances is signed at Vienna.
1972 – President Richard Nixon visits the People's Republic of China to normalize Sino-American relations.
1972 – The Soviet unmanned spaceship Luna 20 lands on the Moon.
1973 – Over the Sinai Desert, Israeli fighter aircraft shoot down a Libyan Airlines jet killing 108.
1974 – The long-running Japanese comic strip Sazae-san publishes its final installment in the Asahi Shimbun.
1974 – The last Israeli soldiers leave the west bank of the Suez Canal in carrying out a truce with Egypt.
1975 – Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are sentenced to prison.
1976 - The first Winter Paralympics are held in Ornskoldsvik, Sweden.
1988 – Jimmy Swaggart, on his own televangelism program being tapped in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, confesses that he is guilty of an unspecified sin and will be temporarily leaving the pulpit.
1995 – Serkadji prison mutiny in Algeria; 4 guards and 96 prisoners killed in a day and a half.
1995 – Steve Fossett lands in Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada becoming the first person to make a solo flight across the Pacific Ocean in a balloon.
1995 - Jeanne Calment reaches the age of 120 years, the first person known to have reached this age.
2000 – David Letterman returns to The Late Show over a month after having an emergency quintuple heart bypass surgery.
2003 – Over 100 concert goers die in a fire during a performance of the rock band Great White.
2004 – The first European political party organization, the European Greens, is established in Rome.
2005 - A series of avalanches kill over 100 people in Kashmir.
2006 – The United Kingdom's biggest-ever cash robbery is carried out at a depot in Kent, England.
2007 - Then-Prime Minister of Italy Romano Prodi attempts to resign, but his resignation is rejected by President of Italy Giorgio Napolitano.
2012 - EU finance ministers reach an agreement on a 30 billion-Euro bailout for Greece.
2013 - A bombing in Damascus, Syria, kills at least 53 people.
2013 - Two bomb blasts in Hyderabad, India, kill 17 people.
1397 - Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy (d. 1471)
1484 - Elector Joachim I of Brandenburg (d. 1535)
1556 - Sethus Calvisius, German composer, chronicler and astronomer (d. 1615)
1591 - Gerard Desargues, French mathematician and architect (d. 1661)
1594 - John Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1626)
1705 - Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, English admiral (d. 1781)
1723 - Louis-Pierre Anquetil, French historian (d. 1808)
1728 - Tsar Peter III of Russia (d. 1762)
1779 - Friedrich Carl von Savigny, German jurist and historian (d. 1861)
1783 - Princess Catherine of Wuerttemberg, Queen Consort of Westphalia (d. 1835)
1791 - John Mercer, English dye and fabric chemist (d. 1866)
1791 – Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (d. 1857)
1794 – Antonio López de Santa Anna, President of Mexico (d. 1876)
1801 - John Henry Newman, English theologian and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1890)
1815 - Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, French painter (d. 1891)
1817 - José Zorilla y Moral, Spanish dramatist (d. 1893)
1821 - Rachel Félix, French actress (d. 1858)
1835 - Mikhail Mikeshin, Russian artist (d. 1896)
1836 - Leo Delibes, French composer (d. 1891)
1844 - Charles-Marie Widor, French organist and composer (d. 1937)
1856 - Hendrik Petrus Berlage, Dutch architect (d. 1934)
1859 - Mikhail Rodzianko, Russian statesman (d. 1924)
1860 - Goscombe John, Welsh sculptor (d. 1952)
1865 - John Haden Badley, English school founder (d. 1967)
1867 - Otto Hermann Kahn, German millionaire (d. 1934)
1875 – Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian, officially the longest-lived human on record (d. 1997)
1876 - Pyotr Konchalovsky, Russian painter (d. 1956)
1876 - Joseph Meister, first person to be inoculated against Rabies (d. 1940)
1878 - Mirra Alfassa, Indian spiritual leader (d. 1973)
1880 – Waldemar Bonsels, German writer (d. 1952)
1880 - Otto Christman, Canadian soccer player (d. 1963)
1881 - Kenneth J. Alford, British composer (d. 1945)
1882 - William Jeremiah Tuttle, American freestyle swimmer and water polo player (d. 1930)
1885 - Sacha Guitry, French actor (d. 1957)
1887 - Korechika Anami, Japanese general (d. 1945)
1888 - Clemence Dane, British novelist and playwright (d. 1965)
1893 – Andrés Segovia, Spanish guitarist (d. 1987)
1895 – Henrik Dam, Danish chemist, won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1976)
1899 - Bernard Griffin, Archbishop of Westminster (d. 1956)
1900 - Madeleine Renaud, French theatre actress (d. 1994)
1903 - Anaïs Nin, French writer (d. 1977)
1903 - Raymond Queneau, French writer (d. 1976)
1907 – W. H. Auden, British poet (d. 1973)
1909 – Hans Erni, Swiss painter and sculptor (d. 2015)
1910 – Douglas Bader, British fighter pilot (d. 1982)
1913 - Roger Laurent, Belgian racing driver (d. 1997)
1914 – Ilmari Juutilainen, Finnish fighter pilot (d. 1999)
1914 - Park Su-geun, South Korean painter (d. 1965)
1915 - Godfrey Brown, British athlete (d. 1995)
1915 - Ann Sheridan, American actress (d. 1967)
1917 - Lucille Bremer, American actress (d. 1996)
1917 - Tadd Dameron, American pianist and composer (d. 1965)
1917 - Otto Kittel, German World War II flying ace (d. 1945)
1919 - Kehat Shorr, Israeli shooting coach (d. 1972)
1921 - John Rawls, American philosopher (d. 2002)
1921 - Zdenek Miler, Czech animator (d. 2011)
1921 - Antonio Maria Javierre Ortas, Spanish cardinal (d. 2007)
1924 – Robert Mugabe, former President of Zimbabwe (d. 2019)
1924 - Silvano Piovanelli, Italian cardinal (d. 2016)
1925 - Tom Gehrels, Dutch-American astronomer (d. 2011)
1925 - Jack Ramsay, American basketball coach (d. 2014)
1925 – Sam Peckinpah, American movie director (d. 1984)
1927 – Erma Bombeck, American writer and humorist (d. 1996)
1927 – Hubert de Givenchy, French fashion designer (d. 2018)
1927 - Pierre Mercure, Canadian musician and composer (d. 1966)
1929 - Chespirito, Mexican actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2014)
1933 – Nina Simone, American singer and musician (d. 2003)
1934 – Rue McClanahan, American actress (d. 2010)
1935 - Mark McManus, Scottish actor (d. 1994)
1935 - Jean Pelletier, 37th Mayor of Quebec City
1936 – Barbara Jordan, American politician (d. 1996)
1937 – King Harald V of Norway
1937 - Ron Clarke, Australian athlete and politician (d. 2015)
1937 - Jilly Cooper, English novelist
1937 - Gary Lockwood, American actor
1938 - Bobby Charles, American singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
1938 – Lester Bird, Antiguan politician, former Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda
1940 - John Lewis, American politician and civil rights activist (d. 2020)
1942 – Margarethe von Trotta, German movie director
1942 - Magnus Linklater, Scottish newspaper editor
1943 - David Geffen, American record producer
1944 - Kitty Winn, American actress
1945 - Paul Newton, British musician (Uriah Heep)
1945 – Walter Momper, German politician, former Mayor of Berlin
1946 - Tyne Daly, American actress
1946 - Anthony Daniels, British actor
1946 – Alan Rickman, British actor (d. 2016)
1947 - Victor Sokolov, Russian journalist (d. 2006)
1947 – Olympia Snowe, American politician, former United States Senator for Maine
1947 - Marcel Paquet, Belgian philosopher (d. 2014)
1948 - Bill Slayback, American baseball player (d. 2015)
1949 - Larry Drake, American actor (d. 2016)
1949 - Ronnie Hellström, Swedish footballer
1949 - Jerry Harrison, American musician
1950 - Hakan Nesser, Swedish writer
1951 - Vince Welnick, American musician
1952 - Jean-Jacques Burnel, British musician
1952 - Vitaly Churkin, Russian diplomat (d. 2017)
1952 - Igor Levitin, Russian political figure
1953 - William Petersen, American actor
1953 - Christine Ebersole, American singer
1954 - Ivo Van Damme, Belgian athlete (d. 1976)
1954 - Rudolf Simek, Austrian philologist
1955 – Kelsey Grammer, American actor
1956 - Ha Jin, Chinese-American writer
1957 - Nikolay Rastorguyev, Russian singer
1958 - Mary Chapin Carpenter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1958 - Jack Coleman, American actor
1958 - Alan Trammell, American baseball player and manager
1960 - Steve Wynn, American singer-songwriter
1960 - Plamen Oresharski, 52nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria
1961 - Christopher Atkins, American actor
1962 - Vanessa Feltz, British television presenter
1962 - Chuck Palahniuk, American writer
1962 - David Foster Wallace, American writer (d. 2008)
1963 - William Baldwin, American actor
1964 - Huw Higginson, British actor
1964 - Mark Kelly, American astronaut
1964 - Scott Kelly, American astronaut
1964 - Jane Tomlinson, British cancer campaigner (d. 2007)
1965 - Steve Lee, Sound effects wrangler and film historian
1967 - Leroy Burrell, American athlete
1969 - James Dean Bradfield, Welsh musician (Manic Street Preachers)
1969 - Tony Meola, American footballer
1969 - Chen Wei, Chinese dissident
1970 - Michael Slater, Australian cricketer
1973 - Heri Joensen, Faroese musician
1973 - Brian Rolston, American ice hockey player
1974 - Ivan Campo, Spanish footballer
1974 - Roberto Heras, Spanish cyclist
1976 – Michael McIntyre, British comedian
1977 - Steve Francis, American basketball player
1979 – Pascal Chimbonda, French footballer
1979 - Shane Gibson, American guitarist (d. 2014)
1979 – Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress
1979 - Jordan Peele, American actor, director and screenwriter
1980 – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan
1980 - Tiziano Ferro, Italian singer-songwriter and producer
1981 - Jun Kaname, Japanese actor
1982 - Andre Barrett, American basketball player
1983 - Lusine Gevorkyan, Russian-Armenian singer
1984 - Andreas Seppi, Italian tennis player
1984 – David Odonkor, German footballer
1985 – Georgios Samaras, Greek footballer
1986 - Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
1986 – Charlotte Church, Welsh singer and TV presenter
1987 – Ellen Page, Canadian actress
1987 - Ashley Greene, American model and actress
1987 - Carlos Carmona, Chilean footballer
1987 - Eniola Aluko, English footballer
1987 - Tuppence Middleton, English actress
1988 - Matthias de Zordo, Spanish footballer
1989 - Josh Walker, English footballer
1989 – Corbin Bleu, American actor
1989 - Kristin Herrera, American actress
1989 - Scout Taylor-Compton, American actress
1990 - Mattias Tedenby, Swedish ice hockey player
1990 - David Addy, Ghanaian footballer
1991 - Riyad Mahrez, Algerian footballer
1992 – Phil Jones, British footballer
1996 - Sophie Turner, English actress
2001 - Isabella Acres, American actress
4 - Gaius Caesar, heir to Augustus Caesar
1437 – King James I of Scotland (b. 1394)
1513 – Pope Julius II (b. 1443)
1543 – Ahmed Gragn, Sultan of Adal
1554 - Hieronymus Bock, German botanist (b. 1498)
1572 - Cho Shik, Korean poet and scholar (b. 1501)
1677 - Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (b. 1632)
1715 - Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, Governor of the province of Maryland (b. 1637)
1730 - Pope Benedict XIII (b. 1649)
1788 - Johann Georg Palitzsch, German astronomer (b. 1723)
1821 - Georg Friedrich von Martens, German diplomat (b. 1756)
1824 – Eugène de Beauharnais, son of Napoleon Bonaparte's wife, Josephine (b. 1781)
1846 - Emperor Ninko of Japan (b. 1800)
1861 - Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish missionary (b. 1800)
1862 - Justinus Kerner, German poet (b. 1786)
1894 - Gustave Caillebotte, French painter (b. 1848)
1900 - Charles Piazzi Smyth, Scottish astronomer (b. 1819)
1901 - George Francis Fitzgerald, Irish mathematician (b. 1851)
1919 – Kurt Eisner, Bavarian socialist (b. 1867)
1926 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist (b. 1853)
1934 - Augusto Nicolas Calderon Sandino, Nicaraguan revolutionary (b. 1895)
1938 – George Ellery Hale, American astronomer (b. 1868)
1941 – Frederick Banting, Canadian doctor, won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1891)
1944 – Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-born French race car driver (b. 1873)
1945 – Eric Liddell, Scottish runner (b. 1902)
1958 - Duncan Edwards, English footballer (b. 1936)
1965 – Malcolm X, American civil rights activist (b. 1925)
1967 – Charles Beaumont, American writer (b. 1929)
1968 – Howard Walter Florey, Australian pharmacologist (b. 1898)
1972 - Zhang Guohua, Chinese general and politician (b. 1914)
1972 - Bronislava Nijinska, Polish-Russian ballet dancer (b. 1891)
1974 – Tim Horton, Canadian hockey player (b. 1930)
1980 - Mario Lanzi, Italian athlete (b. 1914)
1982 - Gershom Scholem, German-born Israeli Jewish philosopher (b. 1897)
1984 – Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, Russian novelist (b. 1905)
1986 - Shigechiyo Izumi, Japanese centenarian, previously thought to have been the oldest man ever (b. probably in 1890)
1987 - Noel Odell, British mountaineer (b. 1890)
1989 - Alex Thepot, French footballer (b. 1906)
1991 – Dame Margot Fonteyn, British ballet dancer (b. 1919)
1994 - Johannes Steinhoff, German pilot and commander (b. 1913)
1995 – Calder Willingham, writer (b. 1922)
1996 – Morton Gould, American composer (b. 1913)
1997 – Josef Posipal, German footballer (b. 1927)
1999 - Walter Lini, 1st Prime Minister of Vanuatu (b. 1939)
1999 – Ilmari Juutilainen, Finnish fighter pilot (b. 1914)
1999 – Gertrude B. Elion, American scientist (b. 1918)
2002 – John Thaw, British actor (b. 1942)
2003 - Eddie Thomson, Scottish footballer (b. 1947)
2004 – John Charles, Welsh footballer (b. 1931)
2005 - Ara Berberian, American opera singer (b. 1930)
2008 - Sunny Lowry, first British woman to swim across the English Channel (b. 1911)
2008 - Sufi Abu Taleb, Egyptian politician (b. 1925)
2008 – Emmanuel Sanon, Haitian footballer (b. 1951)
2013 - Bruce Millan, British politician (b. 1927)
2013 - Bob Godfrey, British animator (b. 1921)
2014 - Sakis Boulas, Greek singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1954)
2014 - Georgette Rejewski, Dutch actress (b. 1910)
2014 - Francesco Di Giacomo, Italian singer (b. 1947)
2014 - Stanley Brotman, American federal judge (b. 1924)
2014 - Matthew Robinson, Australian Paralympic snowboarder (b. 1985)
2015 - Clark Terry, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1920)
2015 - Sadeq Tabatabaei, Iranian politician (b. 1943)
2016 - Eric Brown, Scottish test pilot (b. 1919)
2017 - Kenneth Arrow, American economist (b. 1921)
2017 - Douglas Coe, American religious leader (b. 1928)
2017 - Desmond Connell, Irish cardinal (b. 1926)
2017 - Cosmo Haskard, Irish-born British Governor of the Falkland Islands (b. 1916)
2017 - Bengt Gustavsson, Swedish footballer (b. 1928)
2017 - Jeanne Martin Cissé, Guinean teacher and politician (b. 1926)
2017 - Brunella Bovo, Italian actress (b. 1932)
2017 - Ion Croitoru, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1963)
2017 - Edwin Kessler, American atmospheric scientist (b. 1928)
2018 - Billy Graham, American evangelist (b. 1918)
2018 - Emma Chambers, English actress (b. 1964)
2019 - Peter Tork, American keyboardist (The Monkees) (b. 1942)
Language Movement Day (Bangladesh)
Biikebrennen in Northern Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) and Southern Jutland (Denmark)
A meal is a serving of food eaten by human beings.
Meals usually include several different types of food, such as grains, vegetables, fruit, and in some cases, meat.
Meals have different names by time they are taken or by the type of food that is eaten.
In North America and in Europe, people usually eat three meals a day.
The morning meal is called breakfast.
It usually includes foods made from grain (cereal, porridge, or bread), fruit (apple, banana, or an orange), and milk products (milk, yogurt, or cottage cheese).
Many people drink coffee or tea with their breakfast.
Around noon, people eat their lunch.
People who are working at jobs are given a break to eat their lunch.
The lunch meal includes foods such as a sandwich, soup, vegetables, fruit, and milk.
In some countries, such as Italy, people serve an alcoholic drink with lunch.
In England, some people have a glass of beer with their lunch.
In the evening, people eat their supper or dinner.
Dinners are different in different countries.
Usually dinners include a "main course" such as roast beef, a grain (such as rice or pasta), a vegetable (such as carrots or cauliflower) and a dessert (called a "sweet" or "pudding" in England).
In some cases, a starter or appetizer is served before the dinner.
Appetizers are a small serving of food such as olives, cheese, or bread.
In many countries, people serve an alcoholic drink with dinner, such as wine or beer.
Fish and chips - United Kingdom
Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibzsch or Leibz'sch) is the biggest city in the state of Saxony (eastern Germany).
When Germany was divided into East and West Germany, Leipzig was one of the three biggest industrial cities in the East Germany.
Leipzig occupies  and is still an industrial city.
510,651 people are living in Leipzig as of 29 February 2008.
Its Latin name is Lipsia and the German name "Leipzig" came from this name.
Leipzig has a long history.
Its name was first recorded as Leipzig Castle (Leipziger Burg) in 1015, and the official founding of the city occurred later in 1165.
It was an economic center of Medieval Germany, famous with its market (Leipziger Messe).
In 1409, Leipzig University was started.
Theology was its major faculty.
In 1519, Martin Luther had a discussion in Leipzig against Johann Eck.
Reformation came to Leipzig in 1539 and the city people became Lutheran.
It is famous for St. Thomas Church, where Johann Sebastian Bach worked as music director (Kantor) from 1723 until his death in 1750.
In 1839, the railway between Dresden and Leipzig was opened.
It was the first long distance railroad in Germany.
As a result of industrialization, the number of people living in Leipzig grew during the 19th century.
Before World War II, there were about 750,000 people in Leipzig.
In 1989, the Monday Demonstrations took place in Leipzig.
Every monday after a Christian mess in the Nikolaikirche the Leipzig people demonstrate for freedom to travel and democracy.
These demonstrations became bigger and bigger and reached their peak on 23 October when 320,000 people came.
The demonstrations are one of the things that lead to the end of communist dictatorship in East Germany.
Before World War II, Leipzig was a famous center of commerce (Leipzig exhibition) and industry.
Now, there are big companies in Leipzig like Porsche, BMW, Siemens and DHL, as well as the Leipzig Airport.
With almost 511,000 people, Leipzig city proper is the 12th biggest city in Germany and the 2nd biggest in what was East Germany (DDR), smaller than East Berlin and bigger than Dresden.
Leipzig urban has 567,000 people.
The total population of Leipzig metropolitan area is 1,389,000.
Leipzig, Chemnitz, Dresden, Halle, and Zwickau form an area called the Saxon Triangle, which has about 3,500,000 people.
Leipzig has a university where famous people studied (e.g. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Edvard Grieg, Erich Kästner, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Angela Merkel, Friedrich Nietzsche, Robert Schumann and Richard Wagner.)
The Leipzig Hauptbahnhof (Central Station) is the biggest terminal station in Europe.
It sees about 150,000 passengers each day.
It is 293 meters wide.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, since 2004
Birmingham, UK, since 1992
Bologna, Italy, since 1962, renewed in 1997
Brno, Czech Republic, since 1973, renewed in 1999
Frankfurt am Main, Germany, since 1990
Hanover, Germany, since 1987
Houston, United States, since 1993
Kyiv, Ukraine, since 1961, renewed in 1992
Lyon, France, since 1981</
Nanjing, China, since 1988
Plovdiv, Bulgaria, since 1975, renewed in 2007
Thessaloniki, Greece, since 1984
Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2003
Herzliya, Israel, since 2010
May 1 – Zürich became a part of Switzerland.
1018 - The Peace of Bautzen is signed between Poland and Germany.
1607 - Massive flooding hits the coasts of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in England, killing around 2,000 people.
1648 – The Treaty of Münster is signed, ending the Eighty Years' War between the Netherlands and Spain.
1649 – King Charles I of England is beheaded.
1661 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is formally executed – after having been dead for two years.
1667 - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cedes Kiev, Smolensk and western Ukraine to the Tsardom of Russia.
1790 – The first boat specialized as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.
1806 - The original Lower Trenton Bridge, spanning the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.
1820 – Edward Bransfield lands on the Antarctic mainland.
1826 - The Menai Suspension Bridge, connecting the island of Anglesey and mainland Wales, is opened.
1835 – A mentally ill man named Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol—the first assassination attempt against a President.
Both of Lawrence's pistols misfire, and Jackson proceeds to beat his would-be assassin with his cane.
1841 - A fire destroys two-thirds of the city of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.
1847 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
1862 – The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.
1869 - The University of Idaho is started.
1889 – Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in Mayerling.
How they died remains a mystery.
1900 – United Kingdom forces fighting Boers in South Africa ask for reinforcements.
1902 - The United Kingdom and Japan sign the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
1911 – The destroyer USS Terry makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of James McCurdy 10 miles from Havana, Cuba.
1911 – The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.
1913 – House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill.
1925 – Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.
1933 – Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
1933 – The first of 2,956 episodes of The Lone Ranger radio series airs on station WXYZ in Detroit, Michigan.
1942 - World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in what is now Indonesia.
1944 – World War II: United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.
1945 – The Wilhelm Gustloff sinks in the Baltic Sea in the deadliest maritime disaster in known history, killing roughly 9,000.
1948 – Indian pacifist and leader Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated in Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.
1948 – 1948 Winter Olympics open in St. Moritz, Switzerland.
Because of World War II a few years previously, German and Japanese athletes are not allowed to take part.
1956 - Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1959 - The ship MS Hans Hedtoft strikes an iceberg on her first voyage and sinks, killing 95 people on board.
1962 – Two of the high-wire Flying Wallendas are killed when their famous seven-person pyramid collapses during a performance in Detroit, Michigan.
1964 – Ranger 6 is launched by NASA.
Its mission is to carry television cameras and to crash-land on the moon.
1964 - Nguyen Khanh takes power in South Vietnam, removing Duong Van Minh's military junta from power.
1965 - The funeral of Winston Churchill takes place in London.
Over a million people line the streets to say farewell.
1968 – Vietnam War: The Tết Offensive begins when NLF forces launch series of a surprise attacks in South Vietnam.
1969 – The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London.
The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.
1972 – Bloody Sunday: United Kingdom British Paratroopers murder fourteen Roman Catholic civil rights /anti internment marchers in Northern Ireland- Bloody Sunday (1972)
1972 – Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations.
1975 – First faroese stamp issued
1983 – Super Bowl XVII: The Washington Redskins defeat the Miami Dolphins, 27-17, thus winning their first NFL championship since 1942.
1989 – The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes.
1994 – Péter Lékó becomes the youngest grand master in chess.
1994 – The Dallas Cowboys win their fourth Super Bowl title, 30-13 over the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXVIII.
1995 – Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.
1996 – Suspected leader of the Irish National Liberation Army Gino Gallagher is killed while in line for his unemployment benefit.
2000 – Off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.
2000 – In Super Bowl XXXIV, the St. Louis Rams defeat the Tennessee Titans, 23-16.
2002 – Slobodan Milošević accuses the United Nations war crimes tribunal of an "evil and hostile attack" against him.
2003 – Belgium legally recognizes same-sex marriage.
2005 – Amid violence and threats to boycott the results, Iraq holds an election for its National Assembly, the country's first free election since 1953.
2007 - Microsoft Windows Vista is released.
2015 - 55 people are killed in a bomb attack in Shikarpur, Southern Pakistan.
2016 - 39 people drown as a boat carrying refugees sinks in the Mediterranean Sea.
2016 - Tennis: Angelique Kerber becomes the first German woman since Steffi Graf to win a Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in three sets to win the Australian Open.
58 BC – Livia Drusilla, wife of Roman Emperor Augustus (d. 29)
133 – Marcus Severus Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (d. 193)
1563 - Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)
1628 - George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English diplomat (d. 1687)
1661 - Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741)
1697 - Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist (d. 1773)
1720 - Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (d. 1778)
1736 - James Watt, Scottish engineer (d. 1819)
1754 - John Lansing, Jr., American statesman (d. 1829)
1775 - Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d. 1864)
1781 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (d. 1838)
1816 – Nathaniel Prentice Banks, American politician, Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1894)
1822 - Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist (d. 1899)
1841 - Félix Faure, French politician (d. 1899)
1841 - Sam Lloyd, American game inventor and puzzle specialist (d. 1911)
1845 - Jose Domingo de Obaldia, 2nd President of Panama (d. 1910)
1846 - F. H. Bradley, British philosopher (d. 1924)
1852 - Ion Luca Caragiale, Romanian playwright and poet (d. 1912)
1862 - Walter Damrosch, German conductor and composer (d. 1950)
1875 - Walter Middelberg, Dutch rower (d. 1944)
1878 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian writer (d. 1940)
1882 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
1884 - Pedro Pablo Ramirez, President of Argentina (d. 1962)
1888 - Beatrice Brigden, Canadian activist (d. 1977)
1889 – Jaishankar Prasad, Indian poet and dramatist (d. 1937)
1890 - Bruno Kastner, German actor (d. 1932)
1894 – Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria (d. 1943)
1895 – Wilhelm Gustloff, German leader of the Swiss Nazi Party (d. 1936)
1899 – Max Theiler, South African virologist (d. 1972)
1900 - Isaac Dunayevsky, Soviet composer (d. 1955)
1901 – Rudolf Caracciola, German racing driver (d. 1959)
1910 - Chidambaram Subramaniam, Indian politician (d. 2000)
1911 – Roy Eldridge, American jazz musician (d. 1989)
1912 – Werner Hartmann, German physicist (d. 1988)
1913 - Percy Thrower, English gardener and television host (d. 1988)
1913 - Amrita Sher-Gil, Indian painter (d. 1941)
1915 – John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006)
1917 - Paul Frère, Belgian racing driver, journalist and author (d. 2008)
1920 - Michael Anderson, British director
1920 - Delbert Mann, American director (d. 2007)
1924 – Lloyd Alexander, American writer (d. 2007)
1925 - Douglas Engelbart, American inventor (d. 2013)
1927 – Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1986)
1928 – Hal Prince, American stage producer and director
1929 - Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian physician, surgeon and aid worker (d. 1996)
1929 - Isamu Akasaki, Japanese scientist, joint-winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics
1930 – Gene Hackman, American actor
1930 - Janis Krumins, Latvian basketball player (d. 1994)
1930 - Egon Klepsch, German politician (d. 2010)
1931 - Shirley Hazzard, Australian-American writer (d. 2016)
1932 - Knock Yokoyama, Japanese comedian and politician
1934 - Tammy Grimes, American actress and singer (d. 2016)
1934 - Giovanni Battista Re, Italian cardinal
1935 - Richard Brautigan, American writer (d. 1984)
1935 - Jean Tiberi, former Mayor of Paris
1936 - Horst Jankowski, German pianist (d. 1998)
1937 – Vanessa Redgrave, British actress
1937 – Boris Spassky, Russian chess player
1937 - Ed Hansen, American movie director and editor (d. 2005)
1938 – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (d. 2016)
1940 - Mitch Murray, English songwriter and producer
1941 - Gregory Benford, American science fiction writer
1941 – Dick Cheney, 46th Vice President of the United States
1945 - Meir Dagan, Israeli general (d. 2016)
1945 - Michael Dorris, American author (d. 1997)
1946 - John Bird, Baron Bird, English social entrepreneur
1947 - Steve Marriott, English musician (d. 1991)
1947 - Malgorzata Braunek, Polish actress (d. 2014)
1948 - Sergio Cofferati, Italian politician
1949 – Peter Agre, American biologist
1949 - Jaak Salumets, Estonian basketball player and coach
1951 – Phil Collins, British singer and musician
1955 – John Baldacci, American politician, 73rd Governor of Maine
1955 - Curtis Strange, American golfer
1956 - Keiichi Tsuchiya, Japanese racing driver
1956 - Darko Rundek, Croatian musician, actor and theatre director
1956 - Jeremy Gittins, English actor
1957 - Payne Stewart, American golfer (d. 1999)
1959 – Irina Pudova, Yakut ballerina
1960 - Eddie Jones, Australian rugby union player and coach
1961 - Liu Gang, Chinese physicist and computer scientist
1961 – Dexter Scott King, son of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King
1962 – King Abdullah II of Jordan
1963 - Tina Malone, English actress
1964 - Otis Smith, American basketball player
1965 - Julie McCullough, American model and actress
1967 - Jay Gordon, American musician
1967 - Sergey Tchepikov, Russian biathlete
1968 – King Felipe VI of Spain
1968 - Trevor Dunn, American musician
1969 - Alexey Dreev, Russian chess player
1971 - Darren Boyd, British actor
1972 - Jennifer Hale, Canadian-American actress and comedienne
1974 – Christian Bale, British actor
1974 – Olivia Colman, British actress
1974 – Jemima Khan, British socialite
1975 - Yumi Yoshimura, Japanese singer
1975 – Juninho Pernambucano, Brazilian footballer
1976 – Cristian Brocchi, Italian footballer
1978 - Romesh Ranganathan, English comedian
1979 - Davide Simoncelli, Italian cross-country skier
1979 - Trevor Gillies, Canadian ice hockey player
1980 – Wilmer Valderrama, American actor and producer
1981 – Dimitar Berbatov, Bulgarian footballer
1981 – Peter Crouch, English footballer
1981 - Mathias Lauda, Austrian racing driver
1982 - DeSagana Diop, Senegalese basketball player
1983 - Ben Maher, English equestrian
1984 – Kid Cudi, American Hip hop performer
1987 – Arda Turan, Turkish footballer
1987 - Phil Lester, English YouTuber, vlogger and radio personality
1987 – Rebecca Quin, Irish professional wrestler better known as Becky Lynch
1990 – Jake Thomas, American actor
1990 - Yoon Bo-ra, South Korean singer
1993 - Katy Marchant, English track cyclist
1995 - Misaki Iwasa, Japanese singer (AKB48)
1995 - Viktoria Komova, Russian gymnast
1995 - Danielle Campbell, American actress
1995 - Jack Laugher, English diver
2000 - Benee, New Zealand singer
2005 – Prince Hashem bin Al Abdullah II of Jordan
680 - Bathild, Frankish Queen (b. 626)
1030 - William V, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
1181 – Emperor Takakura of Japan (b. 1161)
1314 - Nicholas III of Saint Omer
1384 – Louis II of Flanders (b. 1330)
1649 – King Charles I of England, Ireland and Scotland (b. 1600)
1730 – Tsar Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
1836 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress (b. 1752)
1867 – Emperor Komei of Japan (b. 1831)
1869 - William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
1889 – Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (b. 1858)
1889 – Baroness Marie Vetsera, mistress of Austrian Crown Prince Rudolf (b. 1871)
1913 - James Henderson Berry, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1841)
1926 - Barbara La Marr, American actress (b. 1896)
1927 - Simeon Eben Baldwin, American politician, 65th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1840)
1928 – Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Danish doctor, won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1867)
1929 - La Goulue, French dancer (b. 1866)
1934 - Frank Nelson Doubleday, American publisher (b. 1862)
1948 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian spiritual leader and advocate of non-violence (assassinated) (b. 1869)
1948 – Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer (b. 1871)
1951 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automobile engineer (b. 1875)
1958 - Jean Crotti, Swiss artist (b. 1878)
1958 – Ernst Heinkel, German engineer (b. 1888)
1963 - Francis Poulenc, French composer (b. 1899)
1969 – Dominique Pire, Belgian monk (b. 1910)
1980 - Professor Longhair, American musician (b. 1918)
1982 – Stanley Holloway, British actor (b. 1890)
1982 – Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (b. 1912)
1984 - Luke Kelly, Irish singer (The Dubliners) (b. 1940)
1986 - Ivan Papanin, Russian explorer (b. 1894)
1989 - Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cadiz, Spanish royal and claimant to the French throne (b. 1936)
1991 – John Bardeen, American physicist (b. 1908)
1995 – Gerald Durrell, British naturalist (b. 1925)
1999 – Huntz Hall, American actor (b. 1919)
2006 – Coretta Scott King, American civil rights activist (b. 1927)
2007 – Sidney Sheldon, American writer and screenwriter (b. 1917)
2008 – Jeremy Beadle, British television presenter (b. 1948)
2009 – Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (b. 1932)
2009 – Sune Jonsson, Swedish writer, movie maker and photographer (b. 1930)
2009 - H. Guy Hunt, 49th Governor of Alabama (b. 1933)
2011 – John Barry, British movie score composer (b. 1933)
2013 - Patty Andrews, American singer (b. 1918)
2014 - Jack Stoddard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
2014 - The Mighty Hannibal, American singer, songwriter and record producer (b. 1939)
2014 - Arthur Rankin, Jr., American animator, director, producer and writer (b. 1924)
2015 - Gerrit Voorting, Dutch road bicycle racer (b. 1923)
2015 - Zhelyu Zhelev, 2nd President of Bulgaria (b. 1935)
2015 - Geraldine McEwan, English actress (b. 1932)
2015 - Carl Djerassi, Austrian-American chemist, novelist and playwright (b. 1923)
2016 - Frank Finlay, British actor (b. 1926)
2016 - T. N. Gopakumar, Indian journalist (b. 1957)
2016 - Georgia Davis Powers, American civil rights activist and politician (b. 1923)
2016 - Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (b. 1959)
2016 - Mohammad Salimi, Iranian general (b. 1937)
2017 - Marta Becket, American dancer, painter and choreographer (b. 1924)
2017 - David Burhani, Tanzanian footballer (b. 1990)
2017 - Carmen Contreras-Bozak, American World War II veteran (b. 1919)
2017 - Mario R. Ramil, Filipino-born American justice (b. 1946)
2018 - Rolf Schafstall, German footballer (b. 1937)
2018 - Mark Salling, American actor and singer (b. 1982)
2018 - Clyde Scott, American football player and hurdler (b. 1924)
2018 - Kevin Towers, American baseball executive (b. 1961)
2018 - Terry Van Ginderen, Belgian television and music producer (b. 1931)
2018 - Azeglio Vicini, Italian footballer (b. 1933)
2018 - Louis Zorich, American actor (b. 1924)
2019 - Stewart Adams, British chemist, inventor of ibuprofen (b. 1923)
2019 - Per Jorsett, Norwegian sports reporter (b. 1920)
2019 - Dick Miller, American actor (b. 1928)
Observances related to the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
Martyrs' Day (India)
School Day of non-violence and Peace (Spain)
Evil means something which is morally bad or wicked.
It is the opposite of good.
People may say that an action which hurts people or breaks certain rules such as the Ten Commandments is evil.
A person or a group that does evil things may also be called evil.
Logical problem of evil
If a perfectly good god exists, then evil does not.
There is evil in the world.
Therefore, a perfectly good god does not exist.
God is omnipotent, omniscient, and perfectly good.
A perfectly good being would want to prevent all evils.
An omniscient being knows every way in which evils can come into existence.
An omnipotent being, who knows every way in which an evil can come into existence, has the power to prevent that evil from coming into existence.
A being who knows every way in which an evil can come into existence, who is able to prevent that evil from coming into existence, and who wants to do so, would prevent the existence of that evil.
If there exists an omnipotent, omniscient, and perfectly good being, then no evil exists.
Evil exists (logical contradiction).
Arguments such as these are about the logical problem of evil.
They attempt to show that the assumed propositions lead to a logical contradiction and so cannot all be correct.
A common response is that God can exist with and allow evil in order to achieve a greater good.
Some philosophers accept that arguments such as "God allows evil in order to achieve the greater good of free will" are logically possible and thus solve the logical problem of evil.
Since the aim is only to defeat the assertion that God and evil are logically incompatible, even a highly implausible instance of God's coexistence with evil is sufficient for the purpose.
In theology, there is a question: If there is a God, why does God let evil happen?
Some think that evil proves that there is not a God.
Others think that God lets evil happen so that people can choose not to do evil.
Philosophies of science have approached the problem from the angle of empiricism.
For logical positivism the issue with God is the lack of any independent method of verification.
In their view, this makes the proposition "God exists", not true or false, but meaningless.
A similar position points to the lack of any way the proposition might be falsified.
The study of good and evil in philosophy is called ethics.
Ethics tries to explain why some actions are good and other actions are evil.
It attempts to give all kinds of answers for how to tell evil from good.
Christians believe that at the Second Coming of Christ, God will put an end to evil and the works of the Devil- see the end of the Book of Revelation.
In movies or TV series evil people are often called villains.
Political actions are sometimes viewed as evil such as authoritarianism, ableism or censorship.
People disagree on why people do evil things.
Religious people may think that it is the result of listening to an evil being such as the devil or sin.