the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Gimnasia were runners-up in the 2003/04 Argentine league tournament, when GELP was defeated by Boca Juniors 4–2 in the final series.
In the following season, the team was relegated to the TNA (Second Division) after president Juan José Muñoz decreased substantially the basketball budget, thereby causing the loss of its principal players.
Nowadays, Gimnasia's first team of basketball plays in the TNA.
Former sports
In addition to the aforementioned sport activities, Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata participated in other disciplines throughout its history.
The following sports are no longer practiced in the club:
Rugby football: In 1933, the "Unión de Rugby del Río de la Plata" decided not to allow the affiliation of clubs that participated professionally in other sports (e.g., football).
As a result, the mens sana team playing rugby was forced to rename itself distinctly as "Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata Rugby Club".
Four years later, however, it was decided to channel rugby activities through an independent institution, thereby creating what is today "La Plata Rugby Club".
Table tennis: The "Asociación Platense de Tenis de Mesa" ("La Plata Association for Table-tennis", part of the Argentine Federation of the sport) existed between 1945 and 1951.
Gimnasia was a founding member of the Association, and it obtained the majority of the tournaments organized during these six years.
Fencing: From its creation, the practice of fencing was an important activity at the club.
The sport reached its peak during the first two decades of the XX century.
Between 1914 and 1924, it was dominated by the outstanding performances of Horacio Casco, then president of the club, and Carmelo Merlo, both Argentine representatives in the 1924 Paris Olympic Games.
At the end of the 1940s, the practice of this discipline was discontinued.
Greco-Roman wrestling: Between 1924 and 1928 the club had a team of Greco-Roman wrestling.
Field hockey: In 1949, the club starts informally the practise of Field Hockey, and it affiliates formally on April 1949.
The hockey field was in the Stadium Juan Carlos Zerillo, at the "El Bosque" grounds.
Gymnastics: During the 1930s, the practice of gymnastics played a central role in the club's activities.
Members of the Gimnasia team were part of the Argentine delegation that competed in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games.
This discipline was discontinued after 1976.
Historical table of the club at RSSSF
AFA site
Champions of the Primera División del Fútbol Argentino
Champions of the Segunda División del Fútbol Argentino
Directorio web de google sobre Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata
1880s establishments in Argentina
the Celtic inhabitants of Galatia, an ancient region of Asia Minor
Saint Paul's Epistle to the Galatians
The Province of Pesaro and Urbino () is a province in the Marche region of Italy.
The province is also known as "Riviera of Hills".
It is mostly covered by hills and is popular for its beaches.
Pesaro and Urbino has an area of , the second largest province of the Marche after the Macerata province.
The province is surrounded by the state of San Marino and Emilia-Romagna in the north, Umbria and Tuscany in the west, Ancona in the south and the Adriatic Sea on the east.
Conca - 47 km long; its mouth is between Cattolica and Misano Adriatico.
Foglia - 90 km long; its mouth is in Pesaro.
Metauro 121 km long; its mouth is in Fano.
Cesano - 62 km long; it forms partially the limit with the province of Ancona and its mouth is near Senigallia.
The highest mountain in the province is Monte Catria,() in the Apennines; it is  high.
There are 360,711 persons living in the province (1 January 2017), for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
There are 54 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:
Acqualagna
Apecchio
Auditore
Belforte all'Isauro
Borgo Pace
Cagli
Cantiano
Carpegna
Cartoceto
Colli al Metauro
Fratte Rosa
Frontino
Frontone
Gabicce Mare
Gradara
Isola del Piano
Lunano
Macerata Feltria
Mercatello sul Metauro
Mercatino Conca
Mombaroccio
Mondavio
Mondolfo
Monte Cerignone
Monte Grimano Terme
Monte Porzio
Montecalvo in Foglia
Monteciccardo
Montecopiolo
Montefelcino
Montelabbate
Peglio
Petriano
Piandimeleto
Pietrarubbia
Piobbico
San Costanzo
San Lorenzo in Campo
Sant'Angelo in Vado
Sant'Ippolito
Sassocorvaro
Sassofeltrio
Serra Sant'Abbondio
Tavoleto
Tavullia
Terre Roveresche
Urbania
Vallefoglia
The largest comune is Urbino, with  and the smallest is Gabicce Mare, with .
The comune with fewest people living in it is Frontino with 293 inhabitants.
Wolfsburg, Germany
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall  (Camilla Rosemary; née Shand; formerly Parker Bowles; born 17 July 1947) is the second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales.
She was born Camilla Rosemary Shand in King's College Hospital, London.
She grew up in Sussex.
She has a sister, Annabel Elliot (born 1949) and had a brother, Mark Shand (1951-2014).
From 1973 to 1995, she was married to Andrew Parker Bowles.
Marriage to Prince Charles
Prince Charles and Camilla married each other on 9 April 2005, and she started to be called Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall.
When their engagement was announced, it was also said that she would not be known as The Princess of Wales.
This was because Prince Charles' extremely popular first wife, Diana, Princess of Wales, held that title from 1981 until her death in 1997.
The relationship between Camilla and Prince Charles began when they met at a polo match in 1970.
Camilla was seen to be an unsuitable match for the future king.
The Duchess now makes many visits, mostly in Great Britain — often with Prince Charles, but sometimes on her own.
She lives at Clarence House, which is a part of St James's Palace in London (very close to Buckingham Palace).
She lives there with Prince Charles and his sons, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry.
Camilla was married once before, to Andrew Parker Bowles — from 1973 until they divorced in 1995.
The couple had a son, Tom and a daughter, Laura.
Tom is married to Sara, and they have a daughter, Lola, born in 2007 and a son, Freddy, born in 2010.
Laura is married to Harry Lopes, and has a daughter, Eliza, born in 2008 and two sons, Gus and Louis, born in 2009.
1947–1973: Miss Camilla Rosemary Shand
1973–1995: Mrs Andrew Parker Bowles
1995–2005: Mrs Camilla Parker Bowles
2005–present: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall
in Scotland: 2005–present: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Rothesay
Clarence House is the home of Charles, Prince of Wales in London.
It is part of St James's Palace, and is on The Mall, close to Buckingham Palace (The Queen's home).
The Prince of Wales lives with his wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall there.
The Prince of Wales' offices and staff are also based at Clarence House, and any announcements made by his staff are attributed to "Clarence House" as an entity, just like announcements from The Queen are said to be made by "Buckingham Palace".
Prince Charles has lived at Clarence House since 2003.
The Queen Mother lived at Clarence House from 1953 (the year after the death of her husband (King George VI)) until 2002, when she died.
Heal's ("Heal and Sons Ltd") is a British department store furniture and furnishing store chain with six stores.
The stores sell an upmarket range of furniture, lighting, accessories, home and garden-wares.
It was founded in 1810 by John Harris Heal and his son.
At first the company made beds.
The work of Sir Ambrose Heal made the company famous.
He worked there for 60 years, from 1893 to 1953.
Ambrose Heal was one of the group of designers, industrialists and business people who founded the Design and Industries Association in 1915.
Their slogan was "Nothing Need Be Ugly".
Heals website
1810s establishments in the United Kingdom
Chain stores are retail stores which share a brand and central management, usually with standardized business methods and practices.
Many restaurants are also chains.
List of supermarkets, contains a number of chain stores
St. Augustine is the oldest city in the United States begun by Europeans and filled with people since it was started.
The admiral from Spain, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, started St. Augustine in 1565.
There was fighting between England and Spain in 1586, 1702, and 1740 over the city.
Spain won each time.
In 1763, St. Augustine was given to the English as part of the Treaty of Paris which ended the French and Indian War.
After the American colonies became independent from England, another Treaty of Paris, this one in 1783, returned the area to Spain.
In 1819, the Adams-Onís Treaty gave all of Florida to the United States.
The largest sign of the years under Spain is the Castillo de San Marcos, a large masonry fort built between 1672 and 1695.
This fort still stands.
Jefferson Parish is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana.
Most of the suburbs of New Orleans are in this parish.
Because of this Jefferson parish has the most population in the state.
Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office
Jefferson Parish Convention and Visitors Bureau - Tourism
Jefferson Parish Clerk of Court's Office
Jefferson Historical Society of Louisiana
East Jefferson Online Community  - current events, history and organizational information.
King's Lynn is a town and port in Norfolk, England.
Over the years, the town has been known variously as Bishop's Lynn and Lynn Regis, while it is occasionally referred to by locals as simply Lynn—the Celtic word for lake.
King's Lynn is the third largest settlement in Norfolk after the city of Norwich and the town of Great Yarmouth.
Sandringham House, the Norfolk residence of the British Royal Family, is  north-east of King's Lynn.
Peterhof (or Petergof), meaning "Peter's Court" is a town in Saint Petersburg on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland.
It has a population of about 65,000.
It hosts one of two campuses of Saint Petersburg State University.
A series of palaces and gardens, laid out on the orders of Peter the Great, and sometimes called the "Russian Versailles", is also there.
The palace-ensemble along with the city center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In the time of Peter the Great, the sea floor just north of the Petergof site and to the east toward St. Petersburg was too shallow for commercial ships or warships.
But to the west of Petergof, the sea floor dropped off to be deep enough for sea vessels.
Accordingly, when Peter the Great decided to build St. Petersburg at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland, he built the commercial harbor for St. Petersburg and the Kronstadt fort across the 20 kilometers (12 miles) of shallow sea to supply and defend his Navy.
Haltern am See (Haltern at the lake, before December 2001 only Haltern) is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
It is next to the Lippe River and the Wesel-Datteln Canal, approx.
15 km north of Recklinghausen.
Rochford, Essex, England
Roost-Warendin, France
Sankt Veit an der Glan, Austria
Livius.org: Roman fortress Haltern
Rapides Parish () is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 131,613.
The parish seat is Alexandria.
Rapides is the French spelling of "rapids" and is pronounced ra-PEEDS (I.P.A. [ɹæ.pid͜z]).
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system.
It controls the reflexes of the gastrointestinal system.
"The Enteric nervous system (ENS)" at anaesthetist.com
He was born in 1910 in Boston where his father, Thorvald Martin Tandberg I (1874-1970), managed a restaurant.
Thorvald was born in Portland, Maine.
Carl's mother was Alvilde Marie Naess (1875-1933) of Oslo, Norway.
Carl married Alice Nazian Gonyer (1909-1992) of Orono, Maine in 1929 and they lived in Queens, New York.
He worked with Shep Fields (1910-1981) and His Rippling Rhythm Orchestra; and The Jerry Blaine (1910-1973) Orchestra in 1937.
While working at a music publishing company he met Glen Campbell and collaborated on several recordings.
He worked with the Frankie Ortega Trio in Las Vegas and at the Balboa Bay Club in Newport Beach for 11 years.
He moved to Burbank, California in the 1940s and worked as a musician in Alhambra, California at Dick White's Rickey's Lounge, starting in 1957 with Paul Peters and Stan Seltzer.
He later became the maître d' at their restaurant.
After he retired from music he worked for a private security company at KTTV studios.
He later worked as the gate security guard at the home of Bob Hope.
He died in Los Angeles in 1988 of a heart attack, and was buried in Eternal Valley Memorial Park.
His maternal uncle was Alfred Næss, the Norwegian speedskater.
Glen Campbell; The Legacy, 1961-2002 (rereleased 2003)
Frankie Ortega and His Group; Imperial IR 9025 (c1950)
In the arts, personification means representing a non-human thing as if it were human.
Personification gives human traits and qualities, such as emotions, desires, sensations, gestures and speech, often by way of a metaphor.
Personification is much used in visual arts.
Examples in writing are "the leaves waved in the wind", "the ocean heaved a sigh" or "the Sun smiled at us".
In easy language personification is just giving an example of a living being for a non-living thing. "
The wind shouted".
In these examples, the nonhuman subjects are given human characteristics.
Another commonly used personification is found in stories where animals and legendary creatures are attributed labels for recognition.
This is called anthropomorphism.
Examples of personification in poetry
The Named is a fantasy book that was written by Marianne Curley.
It is the first book in the Guardians of Time Trilogy.
Marianne Curley's website
Bloomsbury Guardians of Time website
The Dark is a fantasy book that was written by Marianne Curley.
It is the second book in the Guardians of Time Trilogy.
The Key is a fantasy book that was written by Marianne Curley.
It is the third book in the Guardians of Time Trilogy.
Marianne Curley, (born 20 May 1959) is an Australian writer of young-adult novels.
She is the author of several fantasy books, including Old Magic and the three novels in the Guardians of Time series.
She is most popular outside of Australia, and her books have been translated into several languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, German and Dutch.
Marianne was born in Windsor, in New South Wales.
She is the youngest child of Joseph Michael and Mary Violet Mizzi.
She spent her early childhood living in a house along the Hawkesbury River.
When a flood destroyed the property, the family moved to a small farm on the edges of Sydney.
Marianne developed a love for reading at an early age, and became a school librarian at the age of nine.
She went to high school in western Sydney.
The first novel that had an influence on her was Oliver Twist.
When she was nineteen, Marianne met John Curley and married him a few months later.
The couple moved to Coffs Harbour and had three children.
In 1991, Curley took courses at the local TAFE college and got a certificate in word processing.
In the same year, she also got a certificate in teaching from Sydney Open College.
Between 1991 and 1997, she worked several part-time jobs as a teacher.
Curley's first attempt at writing was a romance novel.
After this was finished, she took several writing courses, but struggled to decide what she wanted to write about.
She began writing young-adult novels after a conversation with her two teenaged daughters.
They encouraged Curley to write something for their age group.
According to Curley, it took many attempts before my writing was good enough to be published.
She was rejected by publishers many times.
While learning to write she taught computer studies at the TAFE college in Coffs Harbour.
Curley's first fantasy novel, Old Magic, was sold to the London-based Bloomsbury publishers in 2001.
It is about a boy with supernatural powers and a girl who helps him to control them.
The first book in her Guardians of Time Trilogy was published in 2002.
It was called The Named, about a group of teenagers who travel through time to stop the Order of Chaos from changing the course of history.
The book received positive reviews from several critics.
Curley signed a 12-month contract with Warner Bros. with the idea of making a television series based on the books.
They hired a producer, director and paid for a script of the first episode to be written.
However, the WB eventually cancelled the deal.
The second and third books, The Dark and The Key, were published in 2003 and 2004.
Between 2004 and 2012, Curley took a long break from writing due to bad health.
She published Hidden in 2013, and began a new series called the Avena Trilogy.
Marianne Curley at AustLit
Profile  at Bloomsbury Publishing
Marianne Curley at the National Library of Australia
Writers from New South Wales
The Guardians of Time Trilogy is a series of fictional books that are written by Marianne Curley.
The books in this trilogy are The Named, The Dark, and The Key.
The trilogy is about a group of people called the Guardians of Time (the Guard), going into history to save the world from the Order of Chaos (the Order), who are trying to history to give themselves more power.
The books take place in Angel Falls, Australia
Written in:
Released: 2002
Released: 2003
Released: 2005
Ender's Game (1985) is one of the most famous books written by Orson Scott Card.
It takes place in Earth's future where mankind has barely survived two attacks by the "buggers", a species of alien, and the International Fleet is getting ready for war.
In order to find and train a leader for the next invasion, the world's smartest children, including Ender Wiggin, are taken into a place called Battle School at a very young age.
The book takes place around the year 2135, and its sequels Speaker for the Dead, Xenocide, Children of the Mind, A War of Gifts, and Ender in Exile: Ganges follow Ender to different planets as he travels far into the future.
The book was first a novelette that came out in the August 1977 issue of Analog Science Fiction and Fact.
Card later made the novel longer and wrote sequels to create the Ender's Game series.
Ender's Game won the Hugo Award for best novel in 1986 and the Nebula Award for best novel in 1985.
The next year, the sequel Speaker for the Dead also won both awards; Card is the only writer to have won both awards two years in a row.
("Ender's Game"), 2003.
("Ender's Game"), 2007.
("Ender's Game").
("Ender's Strategy"), 1990.
("Ender's Tactic").
("Ender's Game"), 2000.
("Ender"), 1990.
("The Ender Strategy"), 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001.
("The Big Game"), 1986, 2005.
("Endgame"), 1991.
("Ender's Game"), 1992, 2000 (two editions).
("Ender's Game"), 1987.
("Ender's Game"), 1999.
("Ender's Game"), 1994.
("The exterminator's game") (Brasil).
("The final game") (Portugal).
("Ender's Game"), 1995, 1996, 2002, 2003 (two editions).
("Ender's Game"), 1991, 1998.
("Ender's Game"), 1988.
("The game that change the world"), 2007.
About the novel Ender's Game from Card's website
The original short story from Card's website
Intergalactic Medicine Show: Online science fiction magazine published by Orson Scott Card.
Features a new Ender's world story in every issue.
Marvel Entertainment's press release regarding the Ender's Game Comic Book Series
1985 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
Hugo Award winning books
Nebula Awards
Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951) is a popular American writer, a critic, political writer, and speaker.
He is best known for his science fiction books.
His novel Ender's Game and its sequel Speaker for the Dead both won the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award, making Card the only writer (as of 2007) to win both of science fiction's top prizes two years in a row.
Card is an English professor at Southern Virginia University.
He has written two books on creative writing.
Card teaches other people about writing.
He is also a judge in the Writers of the Future competition.
Card’s great-great-grandfather is Brigham Young, who was a leader for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Card is also a member of the LDS Church.
Today he still writes many fiction works.
He has also produced writing about church, politics, and society in his columns and books.
Card is the son of Willard Richards Card and Peggy Jane (maiden name Park).
He is the third of six children.
Song-writer Arlen Card is his younger brother.
Card was born in Richland, Washington.
He grew up in Santa Clara, California, Mesa, Arizona, and Orem, Utah.
He went on a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Brazil.
Card graduated from Brigham Young University (BYU) and the University of Utah.
He also spent a year in a Ph.
D program at the University of Notre Dame.
For part of the 1970s Card worked as an associate editor of the Ensign, which is an official magazine of the LDS Church.
Card lives in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Greensboro has greatly affected Ender's Game and many of his other works.
Card started his writing career as a poet.
He studied with Clinton F. Larson at a school in Utah, BYU.
Card studied about the theater.
He started turning books into plays, then started writing his own full-length plays.
Many of his plays were produced by theater directors at BYU.
He also started writing fiction.
The fiction stories he wrote in college later became The Worthing Saga.
At BYU, Card started a theater company.
His theater company produced plays at "the Castle," an outdoor stage in Provo.
His company's plays were the first plays ever produced at the Castle.
Card also got a part-time job as a proofreader at BYU Press.
Later, he got a full-time job copy editing.
In 1976, Card got a full-time job as an assistant editor at the Ensign, a church magazine.
He moved to Salt Lake City.
While he was there, Card published his first piece of fiction, a short story called "Gert Fram."
The story was printed in the July 1977 fine arts magazine under the pen name Byron Walley.
Card wrote a short story called "Ender's Game" while working at the BYU press.
He sent it to several publications.
The story was about a school where boys can fight in space.
He later turned the short story into a novel, also called Ender's Game.
Ender's Game and the second book in the same series Speaker for the Dead were each given the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award.
This made Card the only author () to win both of science fiction's top awards two years in a row.
The series also includes the books Xenocide, Children of the Mind, Ender's Shadow, Shadow of the Hegemon, Shadow Puppets, "First Meetings in the Enderverse", Shadow of the Giant, Shadows in Flight, A War of Gifts, and Ender in Exile.
Ender in Exile takes place in between Ender's Game and Speaker for the Dead.
Card has said he plans to write a book called Shadows Alive to link the Shadow series and the Speaker series together.
He has also written a three book series which takes place before Ender's Game.
The three books are called Earth Unaware, Earth Afire, and Earth Awakens.
This trilogy tells the history of the character Mazer Rackham among other things.
In 2013 the novel Ender's Game was made into a movie.
Asa Butterfield played the character Ender and Gavin Hood directed the movie.
Some of Card's other science fiction books include The Tales of Alvin Maker, Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus, The Homecoming Saga, and Hidden Empire.
Other Genres
Card has branched out into other areas of fiction with books such as Lost Boys, Treasure Box and Enchantment.
He wrote a novel about the James Cameron film The Abyss and the comic book Ultimate Iron Man for a Marvel Universe series.
Card wrote the narration in three video games: Loom, The Secret of Monkey Island and The Dig in the early 1990s.
In 1983, Card published the novel Saints.
“Saints” is a fiction book about one of Card’s ancestors.
His ancestor joined the LDS Church in its early days.
Card writes about his ancestor’s life up until Utah became a state.
In 2000, Card published the first book in The Women of Genesis series.
These books tell the story of the women in the Bible.
The books are 'Sarah (2000), Rebekah (2002), and Rachel and Leah (2004).
In 2005, Card made a magazine called Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show.
He edited the first two magazines, but he was too busy to keep up with it.
Edmund R. Schubert was one of Card’s former students.
Schubert took over the magazine and became the editor in 2006.
Card also wrote the dialog and screenplay for the Xbox video game Advent Rising'’.
In 2008, Card's short bookHamlet's Father was published in The Ghost Quartet collection (Tor Books). “
Hamlet’s Father” was a retelling of Shakespeare’s Hamlet.
1978; John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer; from the World Science Fiction Convention
1981; Songmaster; Hamilton-Brackett Memorial Award 81
1984; Saints; named Book of the Year by Association for Mormon Letters
1985; Ender's Game; Nebula Award 85, Hugo Award 86, Hamilton-Brackett Award 86, SF Chronicle Readers Poll Award 86
1987; Speaker for the Dead; Nebula Award 86, Hugo Award 87, Locus Award 87, SF Chronicle Readers Poll Award 87
1987; "Eye for Eye"; Hugo award 88; "Japanese Hugo" 89
1987; "Hatrack River"; Nebula finalist 86, Hugo finalist 87, World Fantasy Award winner 87
1988; Seventh Son, Hugo finalist 88, World Fantasy finalist 88, Mythopoeic Society Award 88, Locus Award (best fantasy novel) 88
1989; Hugo & Nebula Finalist; Red Prophet
1991; Hugo Award; How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy (Writer's Digest Books, 90)
1995; Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel; for Alvin Journeyman
2008; YALSA Margaret A. Edwards Award for Lifetime Contribution to Young Adult Literature; for Ender's Game and Ender's Shadow
Writers from Arizona
Genius Squad is a book that was written by Catherine Jinks in 2008.
It was published by Allen & Unwin, Australia.
It is the second book in a series that follows the main character Cadel Piggot.
2008 books
Evil Genius is a book written by Catherine Jinks in 2005.
The book is the first in a series that follows the story of Cadel Piggot.
The Axis Institute website
Evil Genius series blog
Catherine Jinks (born 1963 in Brisbane, Queensland) is an Australian writer.
She has written over thirty books and has won many awards, including the Children's Book Council Of Australia Book of the Year Award three times, the Victorian Premier's Literary Award, the Aurealis Award for Science Fiction, the Australian Ibby Award, and the Davitt Award for Crime Fiction.
The Secret of Hermitage Isle (1997)
The Horrible Holiday (1998)
The Stinking Great Lie (1999)
You'll Wake the Baby, illustrated by Andrew McLean (2000)
Daryl's Dinner (2002)
Kaite and Cleo Movie In, illustrated by Andrew McLean (2007)
Allie's Ghost Hunters series
Eglantine (2002)
Eustace (2003)
Eloise (2004)
Elysium (2007)
Young Adult books
This Way Out (1991)
The Future Trap (1993)
Witch Bank (1995)
Eye to Eye (1998)
Piggy in the Middle (1998)
What's Hector McKerrow Doing These Days? (
The Rapture (2001)
Living Hell (2007)
Pagan Chronicles
Pagan's Crusade (1992)
Pagan in Exile (1994)
Pagan's Vows (1995)
Pagan's Scribe (1995)
Pagan's Daughter (2006)
Evil Genius series
Evil Genius (2005)
Genius Squad (2008)
Adult books
An Evening with the Messiah (1996)
Little White Secrets (1997)
The Inquisitor (1999)
The Notary (2000)
Bella Vista (2001)
The Gentlemen's Garden (2002)
Spinning Around (2004)
The Road (2004)
The Secret Familiar (2006)
The Deck  Free E-novel (2007)
Australian science fiction writers
Australian novelists
Writers from Brisbane
In public speaking there are five important questions, which are often expressed as "who is saying what to whom, using which medium, with what effects?"
The Ancient Greeks called public speaking rhetoric; the Romans called it oratory.
Until the late 20th century it was also called forensic speaking, or forensics.
Propaganda is an another name for speech for or against some point of view.
In George Orwell's words propaganda is a reflection of prejudices and beliefs that colors people's [or societies] aesthetic judgements.
Often they are simply fallacies or conjectures.
Methods and techniques
Professional public speakers may use storytelling techniques or humor as a communication tool.
A public speaker who is strong at using comedy might have more success adding a joke into a speech than one who is weak in that area.
A speaker's guideline is given in TED Talks: The Official TED Guide to Public Speaking.
Try to make eye contact right from the start.
Include humor to disarm the tension within the audience towards the subject.
But no offensive jokes or corny puns.
Drinking water avoids mouth getting dry from adrenalin and avoiding an empty stomach reduces anxiety.
Keep a backup plan (notes or scripts) to use if the presentation technology goes wrong.
It is better to avoid attempts to get applause.
It is not about the speaker, but the idea the speaker is passionate about.
AIDA Model
The AIDA model is about designing the message and delivering it effectively to the target audience.
It says the speaker should first get attention, hold the interest level of the audience, arouse desire for the solution or the objective (appeal, theme, etc.)
desired to communicate, and finally obtain  action or actionable commitment from the audience.
Werlich, Egon 1976.
A text grammar of Eglish.
Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) is a university in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
It was founded in 1789.
UNC is one of three schools that claim to be the oldest public university in the United States.
To be more exact, UNC is the first school in the U.S. to hold classes and graduate students as a public institution; it began teaching students in 1795 and graduated its first students in 1798. (
The University of Georgia was founded in 1785, but did not start teaching classes until 1801; The College of William & Mary was founded in 1693 and taught students at that time, but did not become a public school until 1906.)
The Michigan State Spartans are the athletic team of the university.
The school's athletic program includes 23 varsity sports teams.
They play in NCAA Division I, with almost all of their teams playing in the Big Ten Conference.
In 2010, the MSU football team won a share of the Big 10 title, and played in the Capital One Bowl in Orlando, Florida.
The men's ice hockey team plays in the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, but will leave that conference in July 2013 when the Big Ten starts a men's hockey league.
School Facts
Established in 1855, MSU was originally an agricultural college.
Students were known as "Aggies," but are now known as the "Spartans."
Currently, Michigan State University has the largest single campus student body of any university in the state of Michigan, and is one of the largest universities in the country.
The mascot of the university is called "Sparty".
He is mostly shown as a muscular male Spartan warrior/athlete dressed in a stylish Greek costume.
Michigan State University website
Michigan State Spartans website
Colleges and universities in Michigan
1855 establishments in Michigan
Big Ten Network
Big Ten Tournament
Athletic (Kretschmer) — A physical/psychological type classification of Ernst Kretschmer.
Athletic of Philadelphia - baseball team of the 1870s
Oakland Athletics - American baseball club
Charlton Athletic F.C. - English football club
Oldham Athletic F.C. - English football club
Wigan Athletic F.C. - English football club
Alloa Athletic F.C. - Scottish football club
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. - Scottish football club
Forfar Athletic F.C. - Scottish football club
Athletic Bilbao - Spanish football club
Atlético Madrid - Spanish football club
The Big Ten Conference is the United States' oldest Division I college athletic conference.
Most of its 14 member institutions are in the Midwestern United States.
Associate member
The Big Ten gained its first "associate member"—i.e.,
a school playing only a small number of sports (in this case, one) in the conference—in 2014.
The same school brought a second sport into the Big Ten in 2016.
A second school became an associate member in 2017.
Asteroids are assigned a type based on spectral shape, color, and sometimes albedo.
These types are thought to correspond to an asteroid's surface composition.
For small bodies which are not internally differentiated, the surface and internal compositions are presumably similar, while large bodies such as 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta are known to have internal structure.
A list of types can be found at asteroid spectral classes.
Present-day classifications
The present-day classification was initiated by Clark R. Chapman, David Morrison, and Ben Zellner in 1975 [1] with three categories: C for dark carbonaceous objects, S for stony (silicaceous) objects, and U for those which did not fit into either C or S. This classification has since been expanded and clarified.
A number of classification schemes are currently in existence [2][3], and while they strive to retain some mutual consistency, quite a few asteroids are sorted into different classes depending on the particular scheme.
This is due to the use of different criteria for each approach.
The two most widely used classifications are described below:
Tholen classification
The most widely used taxonomy for over a decade has been that of David J. Tholen, first proposed in 1984.
This classification was developed from broad band spectra (between 0.31μm and 1.06μm) obtained during the Eight-Color Asteroid Survey (ECAS) in the 1980s, in combination with albedo measurements [4].
The original formulation was based on 978 asteroids.
This scheme includes 14 types with the majority of asteroids falling into one of three broad categories, and several smaller types.
They are, with their largest exemplars:
C-group dark carbonaceous objects, including several sub-types:
B-type (2 Pallas)
F-type (704 Interamnia)
G-type (1 Ceres)
C-type (10 Hygiea) the remaining majority of 'standard' C-type asteroids.
This group contains about 75% of asteroids in general.
S-type (15 Eunomia, 3 Juno) silicaceous (i.e. stony) objects.
This class contains about 17% of asteroids in general.
X-group
M-type (16 Psyche) metallic objects, the third most populous group.
E-type (44 Nysa, 55 Pandora) differ from M-type mostly by high albedo
P-type (259 Aletheia, 190 Ismene; CP: 324 Bamberga) differ from M-type mostly by low albedo
A-type (446 Aeternitas)
D-type (624 Hektor)
T-type (96 Aegle)
Q-type (1862 Apollo)
R-type (349 Dembowska)
V-type (4 Vesta)
Objects were sometimes assigned a combined type such as e.g. CG when their properties were a combination of those typical for several types.
SMASS classification
This is a more recent taxonomy introduced by Schelte J. Bus and Richard P. Binzel in 2002, based on the Small Main-Belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey (SMASS) of 1447 asteroids [5].
This survey produced spectra of a far higher resolution than ECAS, and was able to resolve a variety of narrow spectral features.
However, a somewhat smaller range of wavelengths (0.44μm to 0.92μm) was observed.
While attempting to keep to the Tholen taxonomy as much as possible given the differing data, asteroids were sorted into the 24 types given below.
The majority of bodies fall again into the three broad C, S, and X categories, with a few unusual bodies categorized into several smaller types:
C-group of carbonaceous objects including:
B-type largely overlapping with the Tholen B and F types.
C-type the most 'standard' of the non-B carbonaceous objects
Cg Ch Cgh somewhat related to the Tholen G type
Cb transition objects between plain C and B types.
S-group of silicaceous (stony) objects including:
A-type
Q-type
K-type a new category (181 Eucharis, 221 Eos)
L-type a new category (83 Beatrix)
S-type the most 'standard' of the S group
Sa, Sq, Sr, Sk, and Sl transition objects between plain S and the other types in the group.
X-group of mostly metallic objects including:
X-type the most 'standard' of the X group including objects classified by Tholen as M, E, or P-type.
Xe, Xc, and Xk transition types between plain X and the appropriately lettered types.
T-type
D-type
Ld-type: a new type with more extreme spectral features than the L-type
O-type a small category (3628 Boznemcová)
V-type
A few Near-Earth objects have spectra which differ strongly from any of the SMASS classes.
This is presumably because these bodies are much smaller than those detected in the Main Belt, and as such may have younger less-altered surfaces or be composed of a less varied mix of minerals.
These classification schemes are expected to be refined and/or replaced as further research progresses.
However, for now, the spectral classification based on the two above coarse resolution spectroscopic surveys from the 1990s is still the standard.
Scientists have been unable to agree on a better taxonomic system, largely due to the difficulty of obtaining detailed measurements consistently for a large sample of asteroids (e.g. finer resolution spectra, or non-spectral data such as densities would be very useful).
C-type - Carbonaceous chondrite meteorites
S-type - Stony meteorites
M-type - Iron meteorites
C. R. Chapman, D. Morrison, and B. Zellner Surface properties of asteroids: A synthesis of polarimetry, radiometry, and spectrophotometry, Icarus, Vol.
104 (1975).
D. J. Tholen Asteroid taxonomic classifications in Asteroids II, pp.
1139-1150, University of Arizona Press (1989).
S. J. Bus, F. Vilas, and M. A. Barucci Visible-wavelength spectroscopy of asteroids in Asteroids III, pp.
169, University of Arizona Press (2002).
The Gallic group is a dynamical grouping of the prograde irregular satellites of Saturn following similar orbits.
Their semi-major axes range between 16 and 19 Gm, their inclinations between 35° and 40°, and their eccentricities around 0.53.
Albiorix
Bebhionn
Erriapo
Tarvos
The group was later found to be physically homogenous, all satellites displaying light-red colour (colour indices B − V = 0.91 and V − R = 0.48)
Remarkably, recent observations revealed that the largest member of the group, Albiorix, displays actually two different colours: one compatible with Eriapo and Tarvos, and another less red.
Instead of the common progenitor, it was postulated that Tarvos and Erriapus could be fragments of Albiorix, leaving a large, less red crater.
Such an impact would require a body with the diameter in excess of 1 km and relative velocity close to 5 km/s, resulting in a large crater with the radius of 12 km.
Numerous, very large craters observed on Phoebe, prove the existence of such collisions in the Saturnian system's past.
Ephemeris from IAU
Mean orbital parameters from JPL
Sulawesi is the world's eleventh-largest island, covering an area of 174,600 km2.
The island is surrounded by Borneo to the west, by the Philippines to the north, by Maluku to the east, and by Flores and Timor to the south.
It has a distinctive shape, dominated by four large peninsulas: the Semenanjung Minahassa; the East Peninsula; the South Peninsula; and the South-east Peninsula.
The central part of the island is ruggedly mountainous, such that the island's peninsulas have traditionally been remote from each other, with better connections by sea than by road.
Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc.
Its area is about .
It goes east from the island of Java.
There are about 1.5 million people in Flores.
The largest town is Maumere.
Flores is east of Sumbawa and Komodo.
It is west of Lembata and the Alor Archipelago.
To the south is the Sumba strait.
The Flores Sea is to the north.
On December 12 1992, an earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale occurred.
It killed 2,000 people in the town of Maumere.
Sumbawa is an Indonesian island in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain.
It has Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba farther to the southeast.
It is in the province of West Nusa Tenggara.
Sumbawa is 15,448 km² (three times the size of Lombok).
About 1.5 million people live there.
It marks the boundary between the islands to the west, which were influenced by religion and culture spreading from India, and the region to the east that was not so influenced.
Sumbawa is inside the Pacific Ring of Fire.
It is a volcanic island, including Mount Tambora (8°14’41”S, 117°59’35”E) which exploded in 1815, the most destructive volcanic eruption in modern history (roughly four times larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, between Java and Sumatra, in terms of volume of magma ejected).
The eruption killed as many as 92,000.
It also apparently destroyed a small culture of Southeast Asian affinity, known to archaeologists as the Tamboran kingdom.
It launched 100 cubic kilometers of ash into the upper atmosphere, which caused 1816 to be the "year without a summer."
The cloth was made from wool, linen or hemp.
Cotton and silk were also used, more rarely.
Leather was also used.
The kind of clothing showed status.
The toga was an important item and was worn by only Roman citizens, and after the second century BC, only by men.
After that, the only females to wear togas were prostitutes.
The colors of togas had meaning.
A toga could be edged with purple (high rank), or be all dark for mourning.
Only emperors could wear entirely purple togas.
In other words, clothing reflected status as well as practical needs.
A red lined Toga often showed shame and disgrace, often worn when banished or before an execution.
The palla was a mantle or headcloth worn by women with the stola.
It draped over the shoulders and round the body.
The Stola was a floor-length dress with long sleeves.
It was worn over a tunic.
The Stola was a symbol of marriage in ancient Rome times.
Girls wore a simple tunic, except when going to an evening event, when ankle-length tunics were worn.
Slaves wore simple woolen tunics.
Tunics of cotton could by worn by any class as under-garments.
The paludamentum was a cloak or cape fastened at one shoulder, worn by military commanders.
The paludamentum was generally crimson, scarlet, or purple in colour.
Tibia is a MMORPG video game released in 1997.
Three German science students, Stephan Börzsönyi, Guido Lübke, Ulrich Schlott and Stephan Vogler, thought of the idea for the game.
It was made by the German company CipSoft.
Now it has 187,987 print volumes, 4,403 hand-written volumes (manuscripts), 3,000 drawings, 188 books made before 1501 (incunabula), 5,029 books from the 16th century, 20,987 pamphlets, and many engravings and maps.
These works come mainly from collections from Savoy.
The most important antique is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci.
This self-portrait is in an underground vault that is resistant to fires, earthquakes, and even airplane crashes.
Libraries in Europe
Museums in Italy
1839 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Italy
The tibia, also known as the shinbone, or shankbone, is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates.
It connects the knee with the ankle bones and is parallel to the fibula.
Additionally it is the second largest bone in the body as its supports a significantly large portion of the human bodyweight.
The tibia is essential to everyday movement such as standing and walking as well as jumping and running.
Chauzon is a commune of the Ardèche département in the southern part of France.
Chazeaux is a commune of the Ardèche département in the southern part of France.
Cheminas is a commune of the Ardèche département in the southern part of France.
Le Cheylard is a commune of the Ardèche département in the southern part of France.
Theory of Colours (original German title, Zur Farbenlehre) is a book by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe published in 1810.
It contains some of the earliest and most accurate descriptions of phenomena such as coloured shadows, refraction, and chromatic aberration.
Its influence extends primarily to the art world, especially among the Pre-Raphaelites.
Turner studied it comprehensively, and referred to it in the titles of several paintings.
Wassily Kandinsky considered Goethe's theory "one of the most important works".
Although Goethe's work was never well received by physicists, a number of philosophers and physicists have been known to have concerned themselves with it, including Arthur Schopenhauer, Kurt Gödel, Werner Heisenberg, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Hermann von Helmholtz.
Mitchell Feigenbaum even convinced himself that "Goethe had been right about colour!"
In his book, Goethe shows how colour is perceived in a variety of circumstances, and considers Isaac Newton's observations to be special cases.
Goethe's concern was not so much with the measurement of colour phenomenon, but with how qualities of colour are perceived.
Science has come to understand the distinction between the optical spectrum, as observed by Newton, and the phenomenon of human colour perception as presented by Goethe.
Goethe's theory
For Goethe, "the highest is to understand that all fact is really theory. "
The blue of the sky reveals to us the basic law of color.
Search nothing beyond the phenomena, they themselves are the theory."
Goethe delivered in full measure what was promised by the title of his excellent work: Data for a Theory of Color.
They are important, complete, and significant data, rich material for a future theory of color.
He has not, however, undertaken to furnish the theory itself; hence, as he himself remarks and admits on page xxxix of the introduction, he has not furnished us with a real explanation of the essential nature of color, but really postulates it as a phenomenon, and merely tells us how it originates, not what it is.
The physiological colors … he represents as a phenomenon, complete and existing by itself, without even attempting to show their relation to the physical colors, his principal theme. …
it is really a systematic presentation of facts, but it stops short at this. (
Schopenhauer, On Vision and Colors, Introduction)
Experiments with turbid media
Goethe's studies of colour began with subjective experiments which examined the effects of turbid media on the perception of light and dark.
He observed that lights seen through a turbid medium would appear yellowish, and darkness seen through a turbid medium that had been lightened would appear blue.
"The highest degree of light, such as that of the sun... is for the most part colourless.
This light, however, seen through a medium but  very slightly thickened, appears to us yellow.
If the density of such a medium be increased, or if its volume become greater, we shall see the light gradually assume a yellow-red hue, which at last deepens to a ruby colour." (
ToC, 150)
"If on the other hand darkness is seen through a semi-transparent medium, which is itself illumined by a light striking on it, a blue colour appears: this becomes lighter and paler as the density of the medium is increased, but on the contrary appears darker and deeper the more transparent the medium becomes: in the least degree of dimness short of absolute transparence, always supposing a perfectly colourless medium, this deep blue approaches the most beautiful violet." (
ToC, 151)
Darkness and light
For Goethe, light is "the simplest most undivided most homogenous being that we know.
Confronting it is the darkness" (Letter to Jacobi).
Unlike his contemporaries, Goethe did not see darkness as an absence of light, but rather as polar to and interacting with light.
Based on his experiments with turbid media, Goethe characterized colour as arising from the dynamic interplay of darkness and light.
The editor of the Kurschner edition of Goethe's works gives the following analogy:
"Modern natural science sees darkness as a complete nothingness.
According to this view, the light which streams into a dark space has no resistance from the darkness to overcome.
Goethe pictures to himself that light and darkness relate to each other like the north and south pole of a magnet.
The darkness can weaken the light in its working power.
Conversely, the light can limit the energy of the darkness.
In both cases color arises. " (
Steiner, 1897 )
Yellow is a light which has been dampened by darkness;
Blue is a darkness weakened by the light. (
Goethe, Theory of Colours )
When viewed through a prism, the orientation of a light-dark boundary with respect to the prism is significant.
With white above a dark boundary, we observe the light extending a blue-violet edge into the dark area; whereas dark above a light boundary results in a red-yellow edge extending into the light area.
He felt that this arising of colour at light-dark boundaries was fundamental to the creation of the spectrum (which he considered to be a compound phenomenon).
Light and dark spectra
Goethe recorded the sequence of colours projected at various distances from a prism for both cases (see Plate IV, Theory of Colours).