the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum immortality refers to the experience of surviving quantum suicide.
The thought experiment was created by Max Tegmark.
In the thought experiment, a person stands in front of a gun which fires if it detects a subatomic particle as having an upward spin, or does not fire if the gun detects a downward spin.
The gun does this repeatedly.
From an outside perspective, both outcomes are equally likely.
However, according to the thought experiment, if the many-worlds interpretation is true, the person in front of the gun finds that the gun never fires, even though this is very, very unlikely.
In the many-worlds interpretation, the gun fires in one world and does not fire in another, but the person can only continue being conscious in a world in which the gun does not fire.
According to the thought experiment, such a person would find themselves to be immortal.
In response to questions about whether people should generally expect to be immortal, Max Tegmark stated that is flawed reasoning because dying is not an instantaneous event, and "fully dead" and "fully alive" are not the only possible outcomes, as in the thought experiment.
Rather, it is a progressive process, with a continuous series of states of decreasing consciousness.
In most real causes of death, one's self-awareness fades out gradually.
It is only within this specific imaginary scenario that a person finds themselves surviving.
Max Tegmark now believes that from their own point of view, the person in the thought experiment should not expect immortality.
Since they die in some worlds, they afterwards exist in much fewer worlds than they had before.
People are less likely to find themselves in a world where their own existence is less likely.
Therefore, it is only a possibility, not a certainty, that the person who does the experiment then goes on to feel like they survived.
This same problem, of not existing as much afterwards, was pointed out by Lev Vaidman in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Physicist David Deutsch, though in favor of the many-worlds interpretation, states regarding quantum suicide that it would not work under the normal probability rules of quantum mechanics.
Instead, one would need to add an additional assumption of ignoring worlds where the experimenter is not there.
He believes that assumption is false.
Physicist David Wallace argues that a decision theory analysis shows that a person who prefers certain life to certain death must prefer to keep themselves alive in worlds that are more likely outcomes, not just in less likely ones.
Physicist Sean M. Carroll, though also in favor of the many-worlds interpretation, states about quantum suicide that neither experiences nor rewards should be thought of as being shared between future versions of oneself, because these future versions become distinct persons when the world splits.
He then states that a person cannot pick out some future versions of oneself as really being oneself and not the others.
He concludes that quantum suicide kills some of these future selves, which is a bad thing the same as if there were no other worlds.
Mallah, J. Many-Worlds Interpretations Can Not Imply 'Quantum Immortality'
Lake Saiful Muluk () is a lake at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley ( 34°52′37.34″N, 73°41′37.71″E) near Naran.
It is in the northeast of Mansehra District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
At an altitude of 3,224 m (10,578 feet) above sea level it is one of the highest lakes in Pakistan.
Satpara Lake is an important lake in Skardu Valley in Pakistan.
It supplies water for the town of Skardu, which is at 2,636 meters (8,650 ft) above sea level.
Shangrila Lake or Lower Kachura Lake is a part of the Shangrila resort.
It is about 20 minutes from Skardu (nearly 2,500 m or 8,200 feet) town.
Shangrila was established in 1983 with the opening of the first Resort Hotel in Skardu, Baltistan.
It was named "heaven on earth" because of its spectacular beauty,and breathtaking view and peaceful atmosphere.
Shangrila Resort Hotel was founded by the late Brig.(Retd) Muhammad Aslam Khan, the first commander of the Northern Scouts who liberated the Northern Areas in 1948.
Shangrila was named after a book titled "Lost Horizon" by James Hilton.
In the novel, the author narrates a tale in which an aeroplane crash landed near a riverbed, in the early 1920s.
The surviving passengers came across some Buddhist monks from a nearby temple and sought their help.
They were taken to a beautiful lamasery filled with a variety of fruits and flowers.
The monks looked quite young, although they claimed to be hundreds of years old.
The idyllic place was called Shangri-la, a Chinese word meaning "Heaven on earth".
Sheosar Lake () is a lake in Deosai Plains, Northern Areas of Pakistan.
The lake is in Deosai National Park in Gilgit-Baltistan Province.
The lake is at an elevation of 4,142 m (13,589 feet).
Its approximate length is reported to be 2.3 km (1.4 miles), width 1.8 km (1.2 miles) and average depth 40 m (131 feet).
Meanings in local language (Shina)
Sheosar Lake means Blind Lake, as Sheo in Shina Language means Blind and Sar means Lake.
Routes to the lake
The lake is accessible through two routes.
One is via Skardu and the other via Astore District.
Skardu route
The road through Skardu can be covered by jeep in few hours, however, if trekked, it can take 2 days.
Astore route
Best time to visit
Between the months of November to May the whole area of Deosai is snow bound.
However, the area is full of natural beauty during Spring and Summer Season.
During spring, the whole surrounding gets covered with wide variety of colorful flowers and butterflies.
The best time of visiting this beautiful lake is in summer between June to September.
Snow Lake, or Lukpe Lawo, is a high-altitude glacial basin in the Karakoram mountain range in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
It is not a lake.
The Drang-drung Glacier is the largest glacier in Zanskar which lies in the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir state of India.
It is situted near the Pensi-la, which is a high pass considered gateway to Zanskar region.
The Stod river originates from this glacier.
Glaciers of Pakistan
The Baltoro Glacier, at 62 kilometers long, is one of the longest glaciers outside of the polar regions.
It is in Baltistan, in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, and runs through part of the Karakoram mountain range.
The Baltoro Muztagh is to the north and east of the glacier, while the Masherbrum Mountains lie to the south.
At 8,611 m (28,251 ft), K2 is the highest mountain in the region, and three others within 20 km top 8,000 m.
The glacier gives rise to the Shigar River, which is a tributary of the Indus River.
Several large tributary glaciers feed the main Baltoro glacier, including the Godwin Austen Glacier, flowing south from K2; the Abruzzi and the various Gasherbrum Glaciers, flowing from the Gasherbrum group of peaks; the Vigne Glacier, flowing from Chogolisa, and the Yermandendu Glacier, flowing from Masherbrum.
The confluence of the main Baltoro Glacier with the Godwin Austen Glacier is known as Concordia; this location and K2 base camp are popular trekking destinations.
The trough of this glacier is very wide.
Small valley glaciers form icefalls where they meet the trunk glacier.
Moving ice has formed depressions, which serve as basins for numerous glacial lakes.
The Biafo Glacier is a 67 km long glacier in the Karakoram Mountains of the Northern Areas, Pakistan which meets the 49 km long Hispar Glacier at an altitude of 5,128 m (16,824 feet) at Hispar La (Pass) to create the world's longest glacial system outside of the polar regions.
This highway of ice connects two ancient mountain kingdoms, Nagar (immediately south of Hunza) in the west with Baltistan in the east.
The traverse uses 51 of the Biafo Glacier's 63 km and all of the Hispar Glacier to form a 100 km glacial route.
Scientists still are yet to find out how old this glacier actually is
The Abruzzi Glacier is a glacier north of the Baltoro Kangri peak in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.
The glacier joins Baltoro Glacier (one of the largest glaciers outside polar region) that flows northwest in the beginning and then turns westward.
The Biarchedi Glacier is on the northeast of Biarchedi Peak in Pakistan.
It flows north into the Baltoro Glacier.
The Godwin-Austen Glacier is near K2 in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
Its confluence with the Baltoro Glacier is called Concordia and is one of the most favorite spots for trekking in Pakistan since it provides excellent views of four of the five eight-thousanders in Pakistan.
Gondogoro Glacier or Gondoghoro Glacier is glacier near Concordia in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
It serves as an alternative means to reach Concordia; the confluence of Baltoro Glacier and Godwin-Austen Glacier.
Hispar Glacier is a 49 km long glacier in the Karakoram Mountains of the (Northern Areas, Pakistan) which meets the 63 km long Biafo Glacier at the Hispar La Pass (mountain Pass) at an altitude of 5,128 m (16,824 feet) to create the world's longest glacial system outside of the polar regions.
This 100 km highway of ice connects two ancient mountain kingdoms, Nagar (immediately south of Hunza) in the west with Baltistan in the east.
The extreme steepness of the hillsides and strenuous nature of the boulder hopping on the lateral moraines and hillsides make this route's upper half the most difficult part of the Biafo - Hispar traverse.
Only the Hispar La day includes walking on the Hispar Glacier.
The crossing of four major tributary glaciers from the north is most taxing, and potentially high nullah crossings can be dangerous.
The views of 7,800 meter (25,600 foot) peaks and of the snow covered cliffs and mountains on the south side of the glacier are particularly impressive.
Miar Glacier is a glacier that forms in the north of Miar Peak (6,824 m) in Pakistan.
Panmah Glacier is a glacier in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
It is in the Central Karakoram National Park.
Rupal Glacier (or Tashain Glacier) is a glacier in the Great Himalaya subrange of the Himalayas.
It starts in the north of an unnamed  peak and flows northeast in the north of Laila Peak (Rupal Valley) and in the south of Nanga Parbat's many peaks.
The melt water from the glacier forms Rupal River.
The Sarpo Laggo Glacier (meaning "young husband") is a glacier in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, in the Karakoram mountain range of the Himalayas.
Shani Glacier is a glacier in the north of Shani Peak (5,887 metres) in Naltar Valley, Pakistan.
Trango Glacier is a glacier near Trango Tower mountain in Baltistan, Northern Areas of Pakistan.
Vigne Glacier is a glacier in the Northern Areas, Pakistan near Gondogoro Glacier and Baltoro Glacier.
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is a 2004 movie from Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon movies.
It stars Jim Carrey as Count Olaf.
Liechtenstein movies
Movies directed by Brad Silberling
Lemony Snicket is the pen name of the author who wrote the books in the A Series of Unfortunate Events series.
Lemony Snicket's real name is Daniel Handler.
Snicket as a character
About once per book, Snicket provides the reader with glimpses of his life.
He says that he:
plays the accordion very badly
was chased by an angry mob
had an unhappy love affair with a woman called Beatrice, who even wrote a book (200 pages) explaining why it was impossible for her to marry him
attended a costume ball dressed as a bullfighter, to gain access to his beloved Beatrice, who was dressed as a dragonfly
Kermit Ernest Hollingshead Love (August 7, 1916 – June 21, 2008) was an American puppeteer, costume designer, and actor in children's television and on Broadway.
He was best known for his work on Muppets, mainly ones on Sesame Street.
Love started his work when he was young, at first doing work for Broadway, such as making marionettes.
He worked with many great names at the time in Broadway and ballet.
In the 1960s, Don Sahlin told Love to meet with Jim Henson, which was where Love and Henson first met.
Due to his work in theater, Love knew how to make full-body puppets well.
Soon after, Love made Big Bird and other muppets.
Even though his name was Kermit, he was not the namesake of Kermit the Frog, who Henson made before meeting Love.
Love still made some non-Sesame Street characters until the early 2000s.
He died on June 21, 2008 of heart failure in Poughkeepsie, New York.
He is outlived by his life partner, Christopher Lyall.
Rick Lyon's Photos from Love's 85th Birthday Party
Dance Magazine Profile
Internet Broadway Database entry
IMDB Entry
Find-a-Grave
LA Times Obit
Chicago Tribune Obit
MSNBC Obit
Yahoo Obit
Metro.co.uk Obit
Obituary in The Times
profile at Theater Development Fund
People from New Jersey
Tarbela Dam ()  is a large dam on the Indus River in Pakistan.
The word derives from the name of the former Tarbela village, one of the larger villages at this site chosen for the dam.
It is located about  northwest of Islamabad, largely in the jurisdiction in the Haripur District of the Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
The plan for the dam was approved during the regime of the Pakistani dictator and later president General Ayub Khan, in the 1960s.
Work went on until its completion in 1974.
Many villages were submerged and thousands of people dieople splaced in the process.
The dam has a height of  above the river bed.
It has a reservoir size of .
This makes it the largest earth filled dam in the world.
The dam was completed in 1974.
It was built to store water from the Indus River for irrigation and flood control, and for creating hydro-electric power.now tli
The reservoir lake formed by the damming of the Indus here, is Tarbela lake, which is very elongated and spread out over a considerable area.
The lake has many channels and is surrounded by wild, high hills and scrub and thorn forests.
It is now a place where many species of waterfowl and fish are found.
buildings and structures in Pakistan
Colloquy is an IRC client that first came out in 2005.
The newest stable, or good version of IceChat is 2.1 that was made in 2007.
Colloquy is free which means it does not cost any money to use.
The programming language Colloquy is made in is Objective-C. It is licensed as GPL.
An alarm is something used to alert people quickly to something.
Most alarms use loud noises and/or flashing lights.
Some alarms may use other ways of attracting peoples attention quickly, such as turning off loud machinery, shaking a bed or pillow.
Types of alarms
Alarm clock - A clock designed to make noise to wake up people.
Burglar alarm - An alarm that sounds if a person tries to enter a building without permission.
Siren on an emergency vehicle (ambulance, fire truck, police car).
Severe weather sirens - Used to warn of severe weather, such as tornadoes or tsunamis.
Klaxon - A type of siren, known for it's distinct sound.
Often found on submarines.
Fire alarm - An alarm for warning of fire inside of a building.
The Little River is a tributary of the Canadian River, 90 mi (145 km) long, in central Oklahoma in the United States.
It also came from Red River and From Mississippi River
Rivers of Oklahoma
Tornado Alley is a colloquial term most often used to refer to the area of the United States in which tornadoes happen more than in any other part of the country.
The 1974 super tornado outbreak with 148 tornadoes, took place in Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
States such as Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio are sometimes included in Tornado Alley.
Research suggests that tornadoes are happening more often in the northern parts of Tornado Alley where it reaches the Canadian prairies.
Tornado alley geographical area
Over the years, the location(s) of Tornado Alley have not been clearly defined.
No definition of tornado alley has ever been officially chosen by the National Weather Service (NWS).
Thus, differences in the place are because of the different criteria used.
The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) FAQ says that "Tornado Alley" is a term used by the media as a reference to areas that have mroe tornadoes.
A study of 1921–1995 tornadoes concluded almost one-fourth of all significant tornadoes happen in this area.
The term "tornado alley" was first used in 1952 by U.S. Air Force meteorologists Major Ernest J. Fawbush (1915–1982) and Captain Robert C. Miller (1920–1998).
They used it as the title of a research project to study severe weather in parts of Texas and Oklahoma.
How many tornadoes
The average tornado stays on ground for only 5 minutes.
These figures, reported by the National Climatic Data Center for the period between 1991 and 2010, show the seventeen U.S. states with the most average number of tornadoes per  per year.
Florida: 12.2
Kansas: 11.7
Maryland: 9.9
Illinois: 9.7
Mississippi:  9.2
Iowa: 9.1
Oklahoma: 9
South Carolina: 9
Alabama: 8.6
Louisiana: 8.5
Arkansas: 7.5
Nebraska: 7.4
Missouri: 6.5
North Carolina: 6.4
Tennessee: 6.2
Indiana: 6.1
Texas: 5.9
Canadian tornadoes
About half of all Canadian tornadoes hit the Canadian prairies and Northern Ontario as far east as Lake Superior.
Together, these areas make up the northernmost border of the U.S. Tornado Alley.
Tornadoes up to EF5 in strength have been found in this region.
NSSL Tornado Climatology
Climatological Estimates of Local Daily Tornado Probability for the United States
Tornado hazards in the United States
Statistical modeling of tornado intensity distributions
Mistletoe is the common name for a group of semi-parasitic plants in the order Santalales.
They grow attached by a haustorium to the branches of trees or shrubs.
The name was first given to Viscum album (European mistletoe, Santalaceae), the only species native in Great Britain and much of Europe.
Later the name was given to other related species, including Phoradendron serotinum (the eastern mistletoe of eastern North America, also Santalaceae).
In culture and myths
European mistletoe played a large role in Greek mythology, and is believed to be The Golden Bough of Aeneas, ancestor of the Romans.
The Norse god Baldr was killed with mistletoe.
In Romanian traditions, mistletoe (vâsc in Romanian) is considered a source of good fortune.
William Shakespeare mentions it in Titus Andronicus, Act II, Scene I: "Overcome with moss and baleful mistletoe".
Mistletoe is often used as a Christmas decoration.
Viscum album is used in Europe and Phoradendron serotinum is used in North America.
According to custom, the mistletoe must not touch the ground between its cutting and its removal as the last of Christmas greens at Candlemas; it may remain hanging through the year, often to preserve the house from lightning or fire, until it was replaced the following Christmas Eve.
Mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens) is the state floral emblem for the State of Oklahoma.
Kissing under mistletoe at Christmas
According to a custom during Christmas, any two people who meet under a hanging of mistletoe are urged to kiss.
The custom started in Scandinavia.
The Mistletoe Center
About mistletoe
Parasitic plant connection.
See families Misodendraceae, Loranthaceae, Santalaceae, and Viscaceae
Phoradendron serotinum images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
Scientific studies, research and clinical trials on mistletoe treatment in cancer
Parasitic plants
SUBORDER MACROPODIFORMES
Family Potoroidae
Subfamily Potoroinae
Genus Potorous
Gilbert's Potoroo, Potorous gilbertii
Long-footed Potoroo, Potorous longipes
†Broad-faced Potoroo, Potorous platyops
Long-nosed Potoroo, Potorous tridactylus
Sir Michael John Gambon CBE (born 19 October 1940) is an Irish-born British actor with a career that spans nearly five decades and includes a variety of roles in movie, television and theatre.
Gambon was born on 19 October 1940 in Dublin during World War II.
His father, Edward Gambon, was an engineer and his mother, Mary (née Hoare), was a seamstress.
His father decided to seek work in the rebuilding of London, and so the family moved to Mornington Crescent in north London, when Gambon was five.
His father had him made a British citizen — a decision that would later allow Michael to receive an actual, rather than honorary, knighthood and CBE. (
although, under the British Nationality Act 1981 anyone born in Ireland before 1949 can still register as a British subject and, after five years' UK residence, as a British citizen).
Raised a strict Catholic, he attended St Aloysius Boys' School in Somers Town and served at the altar.
He then moved to St Aloysius' College in Hornsey Lane, Highgate, London, whose former pupils included Peter Sellers.
He later attended a school in Kent, before leaving with no qualifications at fifteen.
He then gained an apprenticeship with Vickers Armstrong as a toolmaker.
By the time he was 21 he was a fully qualified engineer.
He kept the job for a further year – acquiring a fascination and passion for collecting antique guns, clocks and watches, as well as classic cars.
Early acting career
Aged 19, he joined the Unity Theatre in Kings Cross.
Five years later he wrote a letter to Michael MacLiammoir, the Irish theatre impresario who ran Dublin's Gate Theatre.
It was accompanied by a CV describing a rich and wholly imaginary theatre career – and he was taken on.
Gambon made his professional stage début in the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin's 1962 production of Othello, playing "Second Gentleman", followed by a European tour.
A year later, cheekily auditioning with the opening soliloquy from Richard III, he caught the eye of star-maker Laurence Olivier who was recruiting promising spear-carriers for his new National Theatre Company.
Gambon, along with Robert Stephens, Derek Jacobi and Frank Finlay, was hired as one of the ‘to be renowned’ and played any number of small roles.
The company initially performed at the Old Vic, their first production being Hamlet, directed by Olivier and starring Peter O'Toole.
He played for four years in many NT productions, including named roles in The Recruiting Officer and The Royal Hunt of the Sun, working with directors William Gaskill and John Dexter.
Work in the theatre
After three years at the Old Vic, Olivier advised Gambon to gain experience in provincial rep.
In 1967, he left the NT for the Birmingham Repertory Company which was to give him his first crack at the title roles in Othello (his favourite), Macbeth and Coriolanus.
His rise to stardom began in 1974 when Eric Thompson cast him as the melancholy vet in Alan Ayckbourn's The Norman Conquests at Greenwich.
A speedy transfer to the West End established him as a brilliant comic actor, squatting at a crowded dining table on a tiny chair and sublimely agonising over a choice between black or white coffee.
Back at the National, now on the South Bank, his next turning point was Peter Hall's premiere staging of Harold Pinter's Betrayal, an unexpectedly subtle performance — a production photograph shows him embracing Penelope Wilton with sensitive hands and long slim fingers (the touch of a master clock-maker).
He is also one of the few actors to have mastered the harsh demands of the vast Olivier Theatre.
As Simon Callow once said: “Gambon's ‘iron lungs and overwhelming charisma are able to command a sort of operatic full-throatedness which triumphs over hard walls and long distances.”
This was to serve him in good stead in John Dexter's masterly staging of The Life of Galileo in 1980, the first Brecht to become a popular success.
Hall called him ‘unsentimental, dangerous and immensely powerful’, even the Sunday Times’ curmudgeonly critic of the day called his performance ‘a decisive step in the direction of great tragedy...great acting’, while fellow actors paid him the rare compliment of applauding him in the dressing room on the first night.
From the first Ralph Richardson dubbed him The Great Gambon, an accolade which stuck, outshining his 1990 CBE, even the later knighthood, although Gambon dismisses it as a circus slogan.
But as Sheridan Morley perceptively remarked in 2000, when reviewing Cressida: ‘Gambon's eccentricity on stage now begins to rival that of his great mentor Richardson’.
Gambon is a very private person, a ‘non-starry star’ as Ayckbourn called him.
Off-stage he prefers to back out of the limelight, an unpretentious guy sharing laughs with his fellow cast and crew.
While he has won screen acclaim, no-one who saw his ravaged King Lear at Stratford, while still in his early forties, will forget his superb double act with a red-nosed Antony Sher as the Fool sitting on his master's knee like a ventriloquist's doll.
There were also notable appearances in Old Times at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, and as Volpone and the brutal sergeant in Pinter's Mountain Language.
David Hare's Skylight, with Lia Williams, which opened to rave reviews at the National in 1995, transferred first to Wyndhams Theatre and then on to Broadway for a four-month run which left him in a state of advanced exhaustion. “
Skylight was ten times as hard to play as anything I’ve ever done” he told Michael Owen in the Evening Standard. “
I had a great time in New York but couldn’t wait to get back”.
Gambon is almost the only leading actor not to grace Yasmina Reza's ART at Wyndham's.
But together with Simon Russell Beale and Alan Bates he gave a deliciously droll radio account of the role of Marc.
And for the RSC he shared Reza's two-hander The Unexpected Man with Eileen Atkins, first at The Pit in the Barbican and then at the Duchess Theatre, a production also intended for New York but finally delayed by other commitments.
In 2001, he portrayed what he described as “a physically repulsive’’ Davies in Patrick Marber's revival of Pinter's The Caretaker, but he found the rehearsal period an unhappy experience, and felt that he had let down the author.
A year later, playing opposite Daniel Craig, he portrayed the father of a series of cloned sons in Caryl Churchill's A Number at the Royal Court, notable for a recumbent moment when he smoked a cigarette, the brightly lit spiral of smoke rising against a black backdrop, an effect which he dreamed up during rehearsals.
In 2004, he finally achieved a life-long ambition to play Sir John Falstaff, in Nicholas Hytner's National Theatre production of Henry IV, Parts 1 and 2, co-starring with Matthew Macfadyen as Prince Hal.
Screen success and acceptance
He made his movie debut in the Laurence Olivier Othello in 1965.
He then played romantic leads, notably in the early 1970s BBC television series, The Borderers, in which he was swashbuckling Gavin Ker.
As a result, Gambon was asked by James Bond producer Cubby Broccoli to audition for the role in 1970, to replace George Lazenby.
His craggy looks soon made him into a character actor, although he won critical acclaim as Galileo in John Dexter's production of The Life of Galileo by Brecht at the National Theatre in 1980.
But it was not until Dennis Potter's The Singing Detective (1986) that he became a household name.
After this success, for which he won a BAFTA, his work includes movies such as The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover which also starred Helen Mirren.
In 1992, he portrayed a psychotic general in the Barry Levinson movie Toys and he also starred as Georges Simenon's detective Inspector Jules Maigret in an ITV adaptation of Simenon's series of books.
He starred as Fyodor Dostoevsky in the Hungarian director Károly Makk's movie The Gambler (1997) about the writing of Fyodor Dostoevsky's novella The Gambler.
Recent career
In recent years, movies such as Dancing at Lughnasa (1998) and Plunkett & Macleane (1998), as well as television appearances in series such as Wives and Daughters (1999) (for which he won another BAFTA), a made-for-TV adaptation of Samuel Beckett's Endgame (2001) and Perfect Strangers (2001) have revealed a talent for comedy.
In 2004, he appeared in five movies, including Wes Anderson's quirky comedy The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou; the British gangster flick Layer Cake; theatrical drama Being Julia; and CGI action fantasy Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow.
Perhaps his most significant role in 2004, however, was Albus Dumbledore, Hogwarts' headmaster in the third installment of J. K. Rowling's franchise, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, taking over from fellow Irish actor Richard Harris, who had died of Hodgkins disease. (
Harris had also played Maigret on television four years before Gambon took that role.)
Gambon reprised the role of Albus Dumbledore in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, which was released in November 2005 in the UK and U.S. He returned to the role again in the fifth movie, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, which was released in 2007.
He will once again return to portray Dumbledore in movie the sixth Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
Gambon admits not having read the Harry Potter novels and says that this is because he does not want to be upset by an extremely large change or death in the books.
Similarly, he has also stated in an interview that, when playing Dumbledore, "I don't have to play anyone really.
I never ease into a role – every part I play is just a variant of my own personality.
I’m not really a character actor at all..."
In an Ironic twist, Gambon also played a British spy in "The Good Shepherd" (2006).
His codename was "The headmaster".
Most recently, he was Joe in Beckett's Eh Joe, giving two performances a night at the Duke of York's Theatre in London.
He currently does the voice over to the new Guinness ads with the penguins.
In 2007 he played major roles in Stephen Poliakoff's Joe's Palace, and the five-part adaptation of Mrs Gaskell's Cranford novels, both for BBC TV.
Gambon married Anne Miller when he was 22, but has always been secretive about his personal life.
The couple live together in a country house in Kent.
Gambon was invested by Prince Charles as a Knight Bachelor on 17 July 1998 for services to drama (Queen Elizabeth II's approval for the award was notified in the 1998 New Year Honours List) and his wife thus became Lady Gambon.
The couple have a son, Fergus, who appears as an expert on the BBC's Antiques Roadshow.
Gambon is a qualified amateur pilot, and his love of cars led to his appearance on the BBC's Top Gear programme.
Gambon raced the Suzuki Liana and was driving so aggressively that it was launched into the air on the last corner of his timed lap.
The final corner of the Dunsfold Park track has been named "Gambon" in his honour.
He reappeared on the programme on the 4 June 2006, and set a time in the Chevrolet Lacetti of 1:50.3, a significant improvement on his previous time of 1:55.
He clipped his  namesake  corner the second time, and when asked why by Jeremy Clarkson, replied that 'I dunno - I just do not like it'.
In February 2015, Gambon spoke for the first time of the "frightening memory loss" that had forced him to retire from the stage after 50 years.
He said he has taken the "heartbreaking" decision to stop after finding he could no longer remember his lines.
Cinema and television
Othello (Second Gentleman), Gaiety Theatre, Dublin, professional debut 1962, followed by a European tour
Hamlet, National Theatre at the Old Vic, 1963
Saint Joan, National/Old Vic, 1963
The Recruiting Officer (Coster Permain), National/Old Vic, 1963
Andorra, National/Old Vic, 1964
Philoctetes, National/Old Vic, 1964
Othello, National/Old Vic, 1964
The Royal Hunt of the Sun (Diego), Chichester Festival and National/Old Vic, 1964
The Crucible (Herrick), National/Old Vic, 1965
Mother Courage and Her Children (Eilif), National/Old Vic, 1965
Love for Love (Snap), National/Old Vic, 1965, also tour to Russia and Germany
Juno and the Paycock (Jerry Devine), National/Old Vic, 1966
The Storm, National/Old Vic, 1966
Events While Guarding the Bofors Gun (Flynn), Birmingham Rep, 1967
A Severed Head (Palmer Anderson), Birmingham Rep, 1967
The Doctor's Dilemma (Patric Cullen), Birmingham Rep, 1967
Saint Joan (Cauchon), Birmingham Rep, 1967
Peer Gynt (The Button Moulder), Birmingham Rep, 1968
Othello (title role), Birmingham Rep, 1968
Macbeth, The Forum Theatre, Billingham, 1968
In Celebration (Andrew), Liverpool Playhouse, 1969
Coriolanus (title role), Liverpool Playhouse, 1969
The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising (Wiebe), RSC Aldwych Theatre, 1970
Major Barbara (Charles Lomax), RSC Aldwych Theatre, 1970
Henry VIII (Surrey), RSC Aldwych Theatre, 1971
When Thou Art King (Hotspur), RSC Roundhouse, 1971
The Brass Hat (Guy Holden), Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford, 1972
Not Drowning But Waving (Robin), Greenwich Theatre, 1973
The Norman Conquests trilogy (Tom), Greenwich Theatre, 1974
The Norman Conquests (Tom), Globe Theatre, London 1975
The Zoo Story (Gerry), Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park lunchtime production, 1975
Otherwise Engaged (Simon), Queen's Theatre, 1976 (replacing Alan Bates)
Just Between Ourselves (Neil), Queen's Theatre, 1977
Alice's Boys (Bertie), Savoy Theatre, London, 1978
Betrayal (Jerry), National Theatre, 1978
Close of Play (Henry), National Lyttelton Theatre, 1979
Richard III (taking over as Buckingham), National, 1980
Othello (Roderigo), National, 1980
Sisterly Feelings (Patrick), National, 1980
The Life of Galileo (title role), National Olivier Theatre, 1980
King Lear (title role) RSC Stratford,1982; Barbican Theatre, 1983
Antony and Cleopatra (Antony), RSC Stratford, 1982; Barbican, 1983
Tales from Hollywood (Ödön von Horváth), National, 1983
Old Times (Deeley), Theatre Royal Haymarket, 1985
A Chorus of Disapproval (Dafyd ap Llewellyn), National Olivier, 1985
Tons of Money (Sprules), National Lyttelton, 1986
A View from the Bridge (Eddie Carbone), National Cottesloe Theatre, 1987
A Small Family Business (Jack McCracken), National Olivier, 1987
Mountain Language (Sergeant), National Lyttelton, 1988
Uncle Vanya (title role), Vaudeville Theatre, 1988
Veterans' Day (Walter Kercelik), Theatre Royal Haymarket, 1989
Man of the Moment (Douglas Beechey), Globe Theatre, London, 1990
Othello (title role), Stephen Joseph Theatre, Scarborough, 1991
Taking Steps, Stephen Joseph, Scarborough, 1981
Volpone (title role), National Olivier, 1995
Skylight (Tom Sergeant), National Cottesloe, 1995
Skylight (Tom Sergeant), Broadway, 1996
Tom and Clem (Tom Driberg), Aldwych Theatre, 1997
The Unexpected Man (The Man), RSC The Pit, Barbican, 1998
Cressida (John Shank), The Almeida Theatre at the Albery, 2000
The Caretaker (Davies), Comedy Theatre, 2001
A Number (The Father), Royal Court Theatre, 2002
Endgame (Hamm), Albery Theatre, 2004
Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 (Sir John Falstaff), National Olivier, 2005
Celebration (play) Pinter staged reading (Lambert), Gate Theatre, Dublin/Albery, 2005
Eh Joe (Joe), Duke of York's Theatre, 2006
Who's Who in the Theatre, Fourteenth edition, Pitman (1967) for National Theatre at the Old Vic playbills
Who's Who in the Theatre, Seventeenth edition, Gale (1981)  for Michael Gambon's own CV up to 1980
Giant of the Stage: A Profile of Michael Gambon by John Thaxter, The Stage newspaper, (16 November, 2000)
Gambon: A Life in Acting by Mel Gussow, Nick Hern Books (2004)
Theatre Record and Theatre Record annual indexes 1981-2007
Biography  at Tiscali UK
Actors from Dublin
Mercosur or Mercosul (, , Guarani: Ñemby Ñemuha, ) is a Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
Its purpose is to improve free trade and the easy movement of goods, people, and currency.
Becoming full members
20th century in South America
1991 works
Leti is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.
It is located at 32°55'0N 72°4'0E and is part of Talagang Tehsil.
Charles Everett Koop (October 14, 1916 – February 25, 2013) was an American physician who became well known as a pediatric surgeon at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
He was an early name in today's pediatric surgery.
He then served as the Surgeon General of the United States and as vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps from 1982 to 1989, under President Ronald Reagan.
He was thought of as the first "celebrity Surgeon General", because he is the first Surgeon General to receive an Emmy Award, and remains the only Surgeon General to have done so.
Koop was also called Chick Koop by some of his friends.
Abortion: Though Koop did not think abortion was right due to his religion, he did not say anything as to whether abortions done by very skilled medical doctors were bad for the health of women who the abortions were being done on.
Tobacco: In 1984 he wrote that nicotine has an addictiveness like that of heroin or cocaine.
People did not think that Koop would say something like this, mainly people who thought he would stay with the views his office had on tobacco products.
He also wanted a warning to be mentioned on all cigarette packs, although some of these warnings were there since 1965.
AIDS: Koop was Surgeon General when AIDS became well known.
He wrote the official U.S. policy for AIDS and soon after mailed AIDS information to every U.S. house.
Gays and people who supported them were not happy with how Koop noted gay sex as one of the most likely ways to catch the disease, but Koop would not say he was sorry as he thought gay sex was the greatest risk of getting AIDS.
He also did not fare well with people who once supported him because Koop thought that schools should teach about sex early on, and note how to use condoms the right way to stop AIDS from spreading.
There were also problems with how Koop's office didn't try hard to make a cure for AIDS, making people think his office was only making the public know about AIDS.
Baby Doe and the Rights of Handicapped Children: In April 1982, a child born in Bloomington, Indiana was diagnosed with Down syndrome as well as problems related to the esophagus.
Six days later, after physicians were not sure whether to treat the baby or let him die, the baby died, having never gotten his esophagus problems fixed.
Baby Doe, as he would be known, became a symbol for children born with birth defects and other problems.
Although Koop did not have a role in the case at first, he had an interest in it.
When he worked in Philadelphia, Koop and many others worked on 475 babies with problems over 35 years, with ones who lived on the rise.
It is due to this work that he fought hard to protect newborns that had problems.
These four views, along with Koop's personality and use of the media, made the office of Surgeon General more well known than it was before.
He is the first Surgeon General to be the subject of a well known song – "Promiscuous", by Frank Zappa.
Koop was unusual in his style, and well known for his mustache-less beard and colorful bow ties.
Koop was born on October 14, 1916 in Brooklyn, New York.
He studied at Dartmouth College, at Cornell Medical College, and at the University of Pennsylvania.
He was married to Betty Koop from 1938 until her death in 2007.
Then he was married to Cora Hogue Koop from 2010 until his death in 2013.
Koop died on February 25, 2013 from unknown causes.
During the past months, Koop had been ill.
He suffered renal failure the past week in his home in Hanover, New Hampshire.
Award and honors
Legion of Honor (1980)
Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences (1990)
Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism (1991)
Emmy Award in the News and Documentary category for "C. Everett Koop, MD," a five-part series on health care reform (1991)
Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995)
Heinz Award in Public Policy (1996)
The C. Everett Koop papers  at National Institutes of Health
Biography from the C. Everett Koop Institute at Dartmouth College
Biography  at surgeongeneral.gov
Surgeon Generals of the United States
The white bass or sand bass (Morone chrysops) is a freshwater fish of the temperate bass family Moronidae.
It is the state fish of Oklahoma.
is a prefecture in Japan on the island of Kyūshū.
The capital city is  Nagasaki.
Nagasaki is on the western coast of the island of Kyūshū.
The southwest coastline faces the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea.
Saga Prefecture is on its eastern border.
Chiriku Hachiman-gū, Amanotanagoa jinja and Kaijin jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.
http://www.pref.nagasaki.jp/en/ ;
The Rose Rock is a rock that has a shape similar to a rose blossom.
The rose rock was selected as the official state rock of Oklahoma in 1968.
Geography of Oklahoma
symbols of Oklahoma
Landforms of the United States
Geography of Arkansas
The Arbuckle Mountains are an ancient mountain range in south-central Oklahoma in the United States.
It rests in Davis, Oklahoma.
A Small town of a bit over the 2500 population.
There are many things to do in this historic small tourist town.
come and see for yourself.
Brenda Lack Stokes is a native Davisite town and welcomes the world to visit this wonderful place.
The Kiamichi Mountains are a mountain range in southeastern Oklahoma.
A subrange within the larger Ouachita Mountains that extend from Oklahoma to western Arkansas,
Idabel is a city in McCurtain County, Oklahoma, United States.
The population was 7,158 at the 2000 census.
It is the county seat of McCurtain County.
The Gegenshein, also called Counterglow, is a very faint light which can be seen in the sky at night.
The light can be seen at the point in the sky that is exactly opposite of the Sun.
It is very hard to see.
The light can only be seen from areas with no other lights (away from cities) and on nights with no moon.
This effect is caused by matter spread around that reflect the light from the Sun, and is related to the zodiacal light.
An image of Gegenschein
Lawton is a city in and the county seat of Comanche County, Oklahoma, United States.
A haunted house or ghosthouse is a house where supernatural events are believed to take place.
Many haunted houses are believed to contain ghosts.
They can also contain the spirits of dead people.
The rumour that a house is haunted often starts after something violent or tragic happens in the house, such as a murder or suicide.
Haunted houses are common in gothic fiction, and are generally seen as old castles or creaky, old, abandoned houses.
A haunted house can be a type of attraction in amusements parks too.
One scientific explanation of haunted houses is that poisonous gasses such as carbon monoxide from defective gas-burning appliances are what causes the hallucinations that people experience.
Another possible cause is infrasound.
Carbon monoxide theory
Many haunted houses have been investigated and found to contain high levels of carbon monoxide or other poisons, which can cause hallucinations.
The carbon monoxide theory explains why haunted houses are mostly older houses, which are more likely to contain aging and defective appliances, and why more hauntings are reported in the colder months.
Carbon monoxide poisoning explains many of the occurrences in haunted houses, such as feelings of being watched, hearing footsteps or voices, seeing "ghosts", headaches, dizziness, and sudden death or illness of people or pets, and also strange behavior in pets such as excessive barking or meowing.
The carbon monoxide theory also explains why some ghosts don't show up on photographs or videos (photographs that do show "ghosts" are usually caused by dust, insects, fingers or camera strap in front of the lens, and multiple exposures).
Other poisons and drugs
Pesticides can cause the same types of hallucinations as carbon monoxide.
Recreational drugs such as LSD and methamphetamine can cause hallucinations.
Unpleasant hallucinations are known in the recreational drug community as a "bad trip".
Drug users are usually, but not always, aware that they are experiencing hallucinations related to the drug, at least after they become sober again.
Sounds heard in a "haunted" house are often very normal sounds, for example footstep-like sounds can be caused by vermin such as squirrels or raccoons.
Dead vermin can also cause unusual smells often associated with hauntings.
Doors closing by themselves can be caused by wind.
Moving shadow figures can be caused by the headlights of passing cars shining through a window.
Many times normal sounds that come from outside can be mistaken for a sound inside the house.
Sounds made by electronics, plumbing, refrigerators, and heating / air conditioning have also been mistaken for paranormal sounds.
The phenomenon known as planetshine happens when sunlight from a planet lights the dark side of one of its moons.
The best known example of planetshine is Earthshine.
Moore is a city in Cleveland County, Oklahoma and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area.
The population was 41,138 at the 2000 census.
An ephemeris is a table giving the predicted positions of an object in space, like another planet, comet, or asteroid.
The Saros cycle is an eclipse cycle of about 18 years 11 days 8 hours (about 6585⅓ days).
A solar eclipse 18 years past will be similar with one 18 years in the future.
This is because the Earth, Moon and Sun return to almost the same positions they were at 18 years ago.
The first predictions of a solar eclipse using the Saros were made by Ancient Greek philosophers.
Paycom Center, formerly known as Ford Center, briefly as Oklahoma City Arena, and Chesapeake Energy Arena, is a multipurpose indoor sports/concert arena in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.
It is the home of the National Basketball Association's Oklahoma City Thunder.
The arena was also home to the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets from 2005 to 2007.
The arena was named the Ford Center from 2002 to 2010.
The name did not come directly from the Ford Motor Company; it instead came from a contract with Oklahoma Ford Dealers, a group that represents marketing efforts of the state's Ford dealers.
After the city and Oklahoma Ford Dealers could not agree on a new naming rights contract, the arena became Oklahoma City Arena from 2010 to 2011.
A new naming rights contract was signed with Chesapeake Energy in 2011, leading to the renaming as Chesapeake Energy Arena.
Chesapeake Energy entered into bankruptcy restructuring in 2020, and ended the naming contract the next year.
In July 2021, Paycom, an Oklahoma City-based payroll services company, signed a 15-year naming contract, leading to the current name of Paycom Center.
Buildings and structures in Oklahoma
The Tulsa Revolution is a professional soccer team from Tulsa, Oklahoma that plays in the Central Division of the American Indoor Soccer League.
Arena football is a sport similar to American football.
It is played indoors on a smaller field than American Football, resulting in a faster and higher-scoring game.
The Pir Panjal Range (Kashmiri: ) is a group of mountains in the Lesser Himalayan region.
They runfrom east-southeast (ESE) to west-northwest (WNW).
The range crosses the Indian territories of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir and then Pakistan's Azad Kashmir.
The average elevation varies from  to .
Pir Panjal is the largest range of the Lesser Himalayas.
Near the bank of the Sutlej River, it seperates itself from the Himalayas and forms a divide between the Beas and Ravi rivers on one side and the Chenab on the other.
The Galyat mountains are a part of this range.
The region is connected to the Valley of Kashmir by Mughal Road.
It used to be the historical connection of Kashmir with India.
Mountain ranges of India
Happy Feet is a 2006 American-Australian computer-animated musical movie.
It was made in Australia.
The movie was directed and co-written by George Miller.
It was released in North America in November 2006.
While it is mostly animated, some scenes do include live-action.
Happy Feet won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature but did not win the Annie Award for Best Animated Feature.
There is a sequel to Happy Feet released in 2011.
Happy Feet was dedicated to the following people: Nick Enright, Michael Jonson, Robby McNeilly Green, and Steve Irwin.
Happy Feet is set in an Emperor Penguin colony, where each penguin must sing a song called a "Heartsong" to find a mate.
Two penguins, Norma Jean and Memphis, are attracted to each other by their songs, and they start a family.
While Norma Jean is fishing in the ocean, Memphis is left with the egg, and he accidentally drops it on the ice, exposing it to the cold temperatures of the Antarctic.
The young penguin chick who hatches out of this egg has a terrible singing voice and later discovers he has no "Heartsong."
However, he does have a talent for tap dancing.
While Mumble's mother, Norma Jean, thinks this little habit is cute, his father, Memphis, says it "just ain't penguin."
Besides, they both know that, without a "Heartsong", Mumble may never find true love.