the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Candy contains lots of sugar, so it is not very healthy, but can be eaten sometimes.
It is the most common snacking food, and there are hundreds of flavors, shapes, and sizes.
Candy is not limited to being sweet.
Candy can be spicy in different cultures.
A loanword is a word that is adopted by a language that comes from another language.
Since people who speak different languages often need to talk to each other, it is actually very common for languages to "borrow" words from other languages.
Examples of this can be seen in the English language because it has many loanwords.
When the Normans took over England during the Norman Conquest in 1066, they made French the official language of England.
Since then, many French words later became English words.
For example, the English words beef, pork, poultry, and mutton are loanwords based on the Norman French names of the animals cow, swine, chicken, and sheep in that same order.
In English, the loanwords mean the meat of those animals specifically.
Since later the British Empire took over many different countries and people, they also borrowed many words from the languages of the people they took over.
An example of this is the word "jungle", which is a Hindi word that has been adopted into English.
Languages often use loanwords because cultures learn about new ideas and inventions from people of the languages they borrow from.
For example, in English the names of meats and wines often come from French, musical terms often come from Italian, and philosophical terms often come from German.
Although native English speakers are now familiar with Chinese ideas and inventions, they are often called by their Japanese names in English because these were introduced to Americans through Japan.
China, on the other hand, was closed off from the world when its ideas and inventions spread throughout the world because its communist government stopped communication with most outside countries, including America.
The names of food are some of the most common loanwords across languages because people may not have any idea of what the food is like when they are first introduced to a certain culture.
For example, Italian food usually has Italian names like spaghetti and pasta, Japanese food has Japanese names like sushi and tempura, and Mexican food has Spanish names like tacos and carnitas.
Moray eels is a family of eel.
Sometimes they are also called by their Latin name Muraenidae.
Moray eels can be found all over the world.
There are 200 different species in 15 genera.
Typically, moray eels grow to a length of about 1.5 metres.
The largest known moray eel is the Slender giant moray, which can reach 4 metres in length.
Moray eels live in coral reefs and rocky areas, at a depth of about 200m.
These reefs are usually in tropical or subtropical waters.
They spend most of their time inside deep cracks in rocks.
they are very dangerous and have big teeth Morays are carnivores.
They prey on other fish, cephalopods, mollusks, and crustaceans.
Groupers, other moray eels, and Barracudas are amongst their predators.
They have razor sharp teeth which can pierce your skin.
Anguillidae (freshwater eels)
Serrivomeridae (sawtooth eels)
Nemichthyidae (snipe eels)
Carcassonne () is a fortified French town, in the Aude département, Occitanie region.
It is separated into the fortified Cité de Carcassonne and the more expansive lower city, the ville basse.
Romans fortified the hilltop of Carcassonne around 100 BC and eventually made it the colonia of Julia Carsaco, later Carcasum.
The main part of the lower courses of the northern ramparts dates from Gallo-Roman times.
In 462 the Romans officially left and the Visigothic king Theodoric II built more fortifications at Carcassonne, some of them still stand.
In 760, Pippin was unable to take Carcassonne, although he was able to most of the south of France.
In 1067 Carcassonne became the property of Raimond Bernard Trencavel, viscount of Albi and Nîmes.
Carcassonne became famous in its role in the Albigensian Crusades, when the city was a stronghold of occitan cathars.
In August 1209 the crusading army of Simon de Montfort forced its citizens to surrender.
Carcassonne became a border citadel between France and Aragon.
Carcassonne is at about  southeast of Toulouse in the space between the Pyrenees and the Massif Central of France.
It is at the crossing of two major traffic routes: the route leading from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and that from the Massif Central to Spain, skirting the Pyrenees.
Both routes exist since ancient history.
The commune is in the valley of the Aude river.
Another river that flows through the city is the Fresquel river.
The Canal du Midi also flows through the commune.
The commune of Carcassonne has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The commune of Carcassonne is surrounded by the communes:
The inhabitants of Carcassonne are known, in French, as Carcassonnais (women: Carcassonnaises ).
With a population of 45,941, Carcassonne has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Carcassonne forms, with other 2 communes, the urban area of Carcassonne with a population of 49,257 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Carcassonne, formed by 71 communes with a population of 98,318 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Carcassonne is the prefecture of the Aude department, the capital of the arrondissement of Carcassonne and the administrative centre () of three cantons:
Carcassonne-1, with 15,128 inhabitants (2014).
Carcassonne-2, with 20,700 inhabitants (2014).
Carcassonne-3, with 21,479 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Carcassonne Agglo ().
Eggenfelden, Germany
Baeza, Spain
Hargesheim, Germany
The fortified city
The fortifications consist of a double ring of ramparts and 53 towers.
In 1849, the architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc took over restoration works.
At his death in 1879 his pupil Paul Boeswillwald, and later the architect Nodet continued the rehabilitation of Carcassonne.
The restoration was strongly criticized during Viollet-le-Duc's lifetime because he made the error of using slates and restoring the roofs as pointed cones, where local practice was traditionally of tile roofing and low slopes, as in this region snow was very seldom.
But today Viollet-le-Duc's work at Carcassonne is thought to be a work of genius, even if it is not exactly the same as it was.
Official website of the city of Carcassonne
Office de tourisme de Carcassone
Online resource for the Aude & Pyrénées-Orientales , including tourist information for Carcassonne
Cité de Carcassonne, from the French Ministry of Culture
Photographs of Carcassonne and the Region
Many photos of Carcassonne
Tourist attractions in Carcassonne
Official website of Carcassonne Airport
Communes in Aude
Carcassonne, the medieval fortified city in France
Carcassonne (board game), a 2001 Spiel des Jahres award-winning German-style board game
Carcassonne (Faulkner), a short story by written by William Faulkner in 1931.
Carcassonne (album), a music album by Stephan Eicher.
Villeneuve-sur-Lot (Gascon: Vilanuèva d'Olt) is a town and commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
It is a subprefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department.
The commune was formerly named Villeneuve-d'Agen.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Villeneuve-sur-Lot and of 2 cantons in the department: Villeneuve-sur-Lot-1 and Villeneuve-sur-Lot-2.
The region where the city is was first populated by the Romans.
In the 11th century, a Benedictine abbey was constructed near where is the city now.
There was a small village of potters and farmers around the abbey.
Between 1254 and 1263, Alphonse of Poitiers had a bastide built.
He also gave the bastide city rights.
The bastide has a rectangular look, with a central square.
In the Hundred Years' War
In the Huguenot wars
In the Fronde, a civil war in France.
Villeneuve-sur-Lot is surrounded by the communes Lédat, Castelnaud-de-Gratecambe, La Sauvetat-sur-Lède, Monflanquin, Savignac-sur-Leyze, Saint-Aubin, Trentels, Saint-Sylvestre-sur-Lot, Penne-d'Agenais, Hautefage-la-Tour, Pujols and Bias.
The Lot river flows through the city of Villeneuve-sur-Lot.
The Lède river, a tributary of the Lot, flows through the northern part of the commune.
The inhabitants of Villeneuve-sur-Lot are known, in French, as Villeneuvois (women: Villeneuvoises).
With a population of 23,263, Villeneuve-sur-Lot has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Villeneuve-sur-Lot is a subprefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department since 1800.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Villeneuve-sur-Lot and the administrative centre () of 2 cantons:
Villeneuve-sur-Lot-1, formed with a part of Villeneuve-sur-Lot-Nord and the commune Lédat, with 16,376 inhabitants (2014).
Villeneuve-sur-Lot-2, formed with a part of Villeneuve-sur-Lot-Sud and the communes Bias, Hautefage-la-Tour, Pujols, Saint-Antoine-de-Ficalba and Sainte-Colombe-de-Villeneuve, with 17,055 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Grand Villeneuvois ().
Ávila, Castile and León, Spain
Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
Neustadt bei Coburg, Germany
San Donà di Piave, Veneto, Italy
Troon, Scotland
Ville de Villeneuve-sur-Lot - Official site
Departamental Council of Lot-et-Garonne
Prefecture official website
Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Communes in Lot-et-Garonne
Agen is a commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
It is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department and the capital of the arrondissement of Agen.
The Agenais, the region where is the commune, is a natural region of the old province of Aquitaine, now in Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Agen is in the southeast of the Lot-et-Garonne department, on the right (eastern) side of the Garonne river and close to the Canal de Garonne.
The city is at about  from Toulouse and  from Bordeaux.
Agen is surrounded by the communes Colayrac-Saint-Cirq, Foulayronnes, Pont-du-Casse, Bon-Encontre, Boé and Le Passage.
The inhabitants of Agen are known, in French, as Agenais (women: Agenaises).
With a population of 34,126, Agen has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Agen forms, together with other 15 communes, the urban area of Agen with a population of 81,110 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Agen, formed by 64 communes, with a population of 112,801 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Agen is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department since 1790.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Agen and the administrative centre () of 4 cantons:
Agen-1, formed with a part of Agen and the communes Bajamont, Foulayronnes and Pont-du-Casse, with 16,720 inhabitants (2014).
Agen-2, formed with a part of Agen and the communes Boé and Bon-Encontre, with 13,830 inhabitants (2014).
Agen-3, formed with a part of Agen, with 16,606 inhabitants (2014).
Agen-4, formed with a part of Agen and the commune Le Passage, with 18,686 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Agen ().
Tuapse, Russia
Dinslaken, Germany
Llanelli, Wales, United Kingdom
Corpus Christi, United States
Agen is the "capital of the prune", a local produce sold as a sweet (stuffed with prune purée) or as an after-dinner delight (prunes soaked in Armagnac – a type of brandy).
Every September, the Prune festival organizes rock concerts, circuses and prune tasting.
Ville d'Agen - Official site
Tourist Office of Agen
Libourne (;  ) is a commune in the Gironde department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France.
It is the wine-making capital of northern Gironde and lies near Saint-Émilion and Pomerol, both known for their wines.
Libourne was created as a bastide by Roger de Leybourne in 1270.
The original name of Leybourne changed to the present Libourne.
Its original aim was to be a port to ship wine of the Dordogne valley to England.
Libourne is at the confluence of the Isle and Dordogne rivers.
The city is at about  from Bordeaux and  from Arcachon.
Libourne is surrounded by the communes Les Billaux, Lalande-de-Pomerol, Pomerol, Saint-Émilion, Moulon, Génissac, Arveyres, Fronsac and Saillans.
The inhabitants of Libourne are known, in French, as Libournais (women: Libournaises).
With a population of 24,595, Libourne has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Libourne is a sub-prefecture of the Gironde department since 1790.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Libourne and the administrative centre () of the canton of Le Libournais-Fronsadais with 53,307 inhabitants (2014).:
It is part of the intercommunality Le Libournais ().
Berne, Switzerland
Morocco Casablanca, Morocco
Ville de Libourne - Official site
Departamental Council of Gironde
Agence de Développement Touristique de la Gironde
Communes in Gironde
Wine regions of France
Mirepoix is a city in the south of France.
Today, about 3.000 people live there.
It was founded as a bastide.
Though it is not a bastide in the sense that it is a planned city.
It was rebuilt following complete destruction after the local river overboarded.
This reconstruction was done according to the 'bastide' idea.
Communes in Ariège
Kiss is the self-titled first album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
It was released on February 8, 1974.
Strutter
Nothin' to Lose
Kissin' Time
Love Theme from Kiss
100,000 Years
Kiss albums
1974 albums
Hard rock albums
Hotter Than Hell is the second album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
It was released on October 22, 1974.
Got To Choose
Goin' Blind
Let Me Go, Rock 'N' Roll
Dressed to Kill is the third studio album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
It was released on March 19, 1975.
Two Timer
C'mon and Love Me
Anything for My Baby
Love Her All I Can
1975 albums
Alive is the fourth album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
It is also their first live album.
Released on September 10, 1975.
Nothin' To Lose
C'mon And Love Me
Destroyer is the fourth studio album and fifth album overall by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
It was released on March 15, 1976.
"King Of The Night Time World"
"God Of Thunder"
"Flaming Youth"
"Sweet Pain"
"Beth"
1976 albums
The 12-hour clock is a way of dividing the 24 hours of the day into two sections.
The two halves are called ante meridiem (a.m.) and post meridiem (p.m.).
Both names are from Latin, and numbered from 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11.
Time from midnight to noon is a.m. and from noon to midnight p.m. The table at right shows how it relates to the 24-hour clock.
Most places in the world use a 12-hour clock for their normal working lives.
Classic songs
Classic books
Classic cars
Classic literature
Classic movies
Classic rock music
Classic stamps
Classic television programs
British Classic Races
American Classic Races
Classic cycle races
The Classic (snooker) tournament
Classic (Mac OS X)
Classic (transit bus), a type of transit bus manufactured from 1982 to 1997
The Classic a mid-size car by American Motors
Cult classic
The Classic, a Korean movie
Western canon
Classic (Better Than I've Ever Been), a 2007 song by Kanye West, Nas, Rakim, KRS-One and DJ Premier
A United Kingdom chocolate bar
Products that compare unfavourably with other products from the same manufacturer, for example because of design age, are often marketed as a 'classic' edition - for example the Range Rover Classic
Likewise, basic trim level editions of cars are sometimes labelled 'classic' - e.g. Mercedes Benz C-Class Classic
Classical scholarship (relating to Classical antiquity)
Classics (disambiguation)
The Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show is an annual showcase of rides, country music, carnival food, expensive contraptions, and horses that takes place in Simcoe, Ontario, Canada.
The fair has been held in Norfolk County since the 19th Century.
Simcoe Composite School people enjoy the competitions and cheerleading that goes on in the grandstands.
Festivals in Canada
19th-century establishments in Canada
Bootylicious is a song sung by R&B girl group Destiny's Child.
It is on their third album Survivor 2001 and was the second single from the album.
It was their fourth U.S. number-one single and reached the top-five in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.
The music video was directed by Matthew Rolston.
2001 songs
Destiny's Child songs
Songs about sexuality
Rigor Mortis, the first sign of post-mortem decomposition, literally translates to ‘stiffness of death’ in Latin.
As the name suggest, rigor mortis is the process in which a body stiffens after death.
During this process, all the muscles in the body contract, and they do not relax for approximately 36 hours.
The use of muscles in everyday actions causes the filaments in our muscles to knit together.
When we stop using the muscles, the Adenosine triphosphate (the energy within the cell - ATP) helps untangle the filaments.
But when someone dies, their body no longer can create ATP, so the muscles are unable to untangle, so they remain contracted.
Rigor mortis ends when autolysis (the self-digestion of cells) takes place.
Post mortem, the cell digests its own walls, and the muscles break down, meaning they no longer have the strength to remain rigid.
The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is a large artefact or structure in the city of Rome.
The construction of the Colosseum started around 70–72 AD and was finished in 80 AD.
Emperor Vespasian started all  the work, and Emperor Titus completed the colosseum.
Emperor Domitian made some changes to the building between 81–96 AD.
It had seating for 50,000 people.
It is the biggest amphitheatre built by the Roman Empire.
It was built between 81-96 AD.
The Colosseum is in Rome, the capital of Italy.
More precisely, it is on the east bank of the Tiber, the river that crosses the city, east of the ancient Roman forum.
A forum in antiquity was a geographical area in which were the main buildings of power, as well as the large square on which the population met.
It was both a busy place to live, a place to get married, big parties, community meetings, and so on.
The stadium was less than a kilometer to the southwest, the Capitol was a little over a mile to the west.
Colosseum was first called the Flavian Amphitheatre or in Latin, the Amphitheatrum Flavium.
This was after Vespasian and Titus who had the family name of Flavius.
It was used for gladiatorial contests, and other shows like animal hunts, in which animals would hunt and eat prisoners; or in which gladiators would fight against animals.
There were also executions of prisoners, plays, and battle scenes; sometimes it was filled with water to fight sea battles.
The people of Rome could go into the Colosseum without any costs; it was free.
In the Middle Ages, after the mid-fifth century, it was no longer used for performances.
It was then used as housing, workshops, a Christian shrine, and as a supply of building stones.
It is now in ruins because of earthquakes.
The Colosseum is a symbol of the Roman Empire.
It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions.
On Good Fridays, the Pope leads a torch lit "Way of the Cross" procession around the various levels of the amphitheatre.
Sighting views
The building of the Colosseum began under the rule of the Emperor Vespasian in around 70–72 AD.
The area was flat, in a valley between the Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hills.
There was a stream flowing through the valley, but this had been made into a canal.
People had been living in this area for over 200 years, but the houses were destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD.
The Emperor Nero took much of the land for his own use.
He built a grand palace, the Domus Aurea which had a lake, gardens, paths covered with a roof held up by columns (porticoes), and large shelters (pavilions) to sit in.
He had the Aqua Claudia aqueduct made longer to supply water to the area.
There was also a big bronze statue of Nero, the Colossus of Nero, at the front of the Domus Aurea.
In 68 AD, Nero lost control of the government.
The Senate made him a public outlaw, and he killed himself soon after.
A great moment
To celebrate the end of Nero's rule, the Emperor Vespasian built the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake.
This was seen as giving back the land to the people of Rome.
The Romans often built monuments to celebrate important events, and the Colosseum is a part of that tradition.
Most of the Domus Aurea was torn down.
The lake was filled in and the land used for the Colosseum.
Schools for gladiators and other buildings were put up in the old gardens of the Domus Aurea.
The Colossus was left in place, but Nero's head was replaced.
Vespasian renamed it after the sun-god, Helios (Colossus Solis).
Many historians say that the name of the Colosseum comes from the statue, the Colossus.
Usually in Roman cities, the amphitheatres were built on the edge of the city.
Fights
The Colosseum had been completed up to the third story by the time of Vespasian's death in 79.
The top level was finished and the building opened by his son, Titus, in 80.
Cassius Dio said that over 9,000 wild animals were killed during the opening games.
The building was changed by Vespasian's younger son, Emperor Domitian.
He added the hypogeum, underground tunnels used to hold the animals and slaves used in the games.
He also added a fourth level at the top of the Colosseum to add more seats.
In 217, the Colosseum was badly damaged by fire.
Cassius Dio said the fire was started by lightning.
The fire destroyed the wooden upper levels inside the amphitheatre.
It was not fully repaired until about 240 and underwent further repairs in 250 or 252 and again in 320.
Theodosius II and Valentinian III (ruled 425–450), repaired damage caused by an earthquake in 443; more work followed in 484 and 508.
The last record of gladiator fights is about 435, while animal hunts continued until at least 523.
The Colosseum in medieval times
The Colosseum went through big changes of use during the medieval period.
At the end of the 500's, a small church had been built into a part of the building.
The arena was used as a cemetery.
The areas under the seating was used for houses and workshops.
There are records of the space being rented as late as the 1100s.
About 1200, the Frangipani family took over the Colosseum and made it into a castle.
During the great earthquake in 1349, the outer south side fell down.
Most of the fallen stones were used to build palaces, churches, hospitals and other buildings in Rome.
In the middle of the 1300s, a religious group moved into the north part, and were still there in the 1800s.
The inside of the Colosseum was used to supply building stones.
The marble facade was burned to make quicklime.
The bronze clamps which held the stonework together were ripped off the walls leaving marks that can still be seen today.
The Colosseum in modern times
During the 16th and 17th century, Church officials looked for a use for the big and ruined building.
Pope Sixtus V (1521–1590) wanted to turn the building into a wool factory to provide jobs for Rome's prostitutes, but he died and the idea given up.
In 1671 Cardinal Altieri said it could be used for bullfights.
Many people were upset by this idea, it was quickly dropped.
In 1749, Pope Benedict XIV said that the Colosseum was a sacred place where early Christians had been martyred.
He stopped people from taking any more building stones away.
He set up the Stations of the Cross inside the building.
He said the place was made sacred with the blood of the Christian martyrs who had died there.
However, there is no historical evidence that any Christians had been killed in the Colosseum.
Later popes started projects to save the building from falling down.
They took out the many plants which had overgrown the building and were causing more damage.
The facade was made stronger with triangular brick wedges in 1807 and 1827.
The inside was repaired in 1831, 1846 and in the 1930s.
The underground area was partly dug out in 1810–1814 and 1874.
This digging was finished by Benito Mussolini in the 1930s.
Mr. M and Prof. S saw a shadow of a unicorn, they thought they were probably hallucinating.
So they went ahead with their tour.
The Colosseum is a free standing building, quite different to the earlier Greek theatres which were built into the sides of hills.
It is really two Roman theatres joined together.
It is oval shaped, 189 meters (615 ft / 640 Roman feet) long, and 156 meters (510 ft / 528 Roman feet) wide.
The outer wall is 48 meters (157 ft / 165 Roman feet) high.
The distance around the building was  545 meters (1,788 ft / 1,835 Roman feet).
The arena is an oval  long and  wide, surrounded by a wall  high.
Around the arena were raised rows of seating.
The outer wall was made from about  of travertine stone.
This was held together by  of iron clamps.
There was no mortar used to hold the wall together.
The outside wall has been badly damaged over the years.
Large sections have fallen down after earthquakes.
The north side of the outside wall is still standing.
It has triangular brick wedges at each end, added in the early 1800s to hold up the wall.
The rest of the outside wall that can be seen today, is in fact the original inside wall.
It is located in the center of the city of Rome precisely in Via del Colosseo 1
Tommaso Miccinilli
Establishments in Italy
An amphitheatre (or amphitheater)  is a type of structure.
It is a flat area, surrounded by an area that ascends gradually.
In the ascending area, people can be seated.
Today, such structures are used for presentations, but also spectator sports.
In Ancient Rome, these structures were used to entertain the population.
Gladiator combats, athletics and executions were staged there.
Natural amphitheatre
The Ancient Theatre Archive
The Circus Maximus (translates to biggest round-course) is an ancient hippodrome in Rome.
It was used to stage chariot races, but also other uses like gladiator fights.
Today it is a park.
James Grout: Circus Maximus, part of the Encyclopædia Romana
Circus Maximus  Ipix 360° panorama
Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, CBE (8 September 1934 – 14 March 2016), was an English composer and conductor.
He received many honours, including his appointment as Master of the Queen’s Music.
His surname was "Davies"; "Maxwell" is his middle name, and his friends called him 'Max'.
Davies was born in Salford, Lancashire.
He grew up in Lancashire.
He learned to play the piano and started composing when he was still very young.
After education at Leigh Grammar School, he studied at the University of Manchester and at the Royal Manchester College of Music (now part of the Royal Northern College of Music).
He met other students there who became famous musicians: Harrison Birtwistle, Alexander Goehr, Elgar Howarth and John Ogdon.
Together they formed a group which they called the “New Music Manchester”.
This group performed a lot of contemporary music (music that was being composed at the time).
After a short stay in Rome he got a job as Director of Music at Cirencester Grammar School from 1959 to 1962.
Davies wanted to study with other composers, so he went to the United States to study with Roger Sessions, Milton Babbitt and Earl Kim.
Then he moved to Australia, where he was Composer in Residence at the University of Adelaide from 1965 to 1966.
He then returned to the United Kingdom, and moved to the Orkney Islands.
Davies, who was openly gay, lived there on the island of Sanday with his partner Colin Parkinson.
In 1977 he started a big arts festival on Orkney, called the St Magnus Festival.
This still takes place every year.
He often uses it to give first performances of new works (often played by the local school orchestra).
Davies held several posts, including Artistic Director of the Dartington Summer School from 1979 to 1984.
From 1992 to 2002 he was associate conductor/composer with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra and he has conducted a number of other well-known orchestras.
He was given several honorary doctorates including one from the University of Oxford.
He has been President of Making Music (The National Federation of Music Societies) since 1989.
Davies was made a CBE in 1981 and knighted in 1987.
He was appointed Master of the Queen's Music for a ten-year period from March 2004.
He was also a professor of composition at the Royal Academy of Music.
Davies wrote a lot of music.
Some of his first works used serial techniques, sometimes combined with ideas from Mediaeval and Renaissance music, including bits of plainsong.
Pieces from the late 1960s combine these ideas with expressionism and a violent character, for example Eight Songs for a Mad King which is about King George III.
Written for a singer and a small group of instruments the singer has to shout and screech at times, and also act.
He wrote an opera Taverner about the Renaissance composer John Taverner.
The orchestral piece St Thomas Wake (1969) uses many different styles of music, including foxtrots (played by a twenties-style dance band), a pavan by John Bull and Davies's own modern style.
Many works from this period were performed by the Pierrot Players which Davies founded with Harrison Birtwistle in 1967 (they were reformed as The Fires of London in 1970 and stayed together until 1987).
Mathematics played a part in Davies’ music.
In his work Ave Maris Stella he used a magic square.
Worldes Blis 1969 shows the beginning of his more mature style.
Some people think it is similar to Jean Sibelius.
After his move to Orkney, Davies often used Orcadian (the adjective of “Orkney”) or more generally Scottish themes in his music.
He sometimes set the words of Orcadian writer George Mackay Brown.
He wrote a number of other operas, The Martyrdom of St Magnus (1976), The Lighthouse (1980, his most popular opera), Resurrection (1987), and The Doctor of Myddfai (1996).
Davies also became interested in classical forms, completing his first symphony in 1976.
He wrote eight numbered symphonies since, a Sinfonia Concertante (1982), as well as the series of ten Strathclyde Concertos for various instruments (pieces he wrote when he worked with the Scottish Chamber Orchestra).
In 2002, he began work on a series of string quartets for the Maggini String Quartet to record on the Naxos record label (the so-called Naxos Quartets).
His most recent one is No.9 (2006).
Davies also wrote a number of lighter orchestral works such as Mavis in Las Vegas and An Orkney Wedding, with Sunrise which featured the bagpipes and was played at the Last Night of the Proms in 1992 (with a bottle of whisky being passed round).
He also wrote music for children including the operas A Selkie Tale, The Great Bank Robbery and The Spider's Revenge, and film music for Ken Russell's films The Devils and The Boy Friend.
Maxwell Davies's short piano piece Farewell to Stromness entered the Classic FM Hall of Fame in 2003.
Davies died on 14 March 2016 on Orkney from leukemia.
He was aged 81.
MaxOpus (official site)  Includes music sales via downloads or custom CDs.
Cancer deaths in Scotland
Take That are an English boy band from Manchester.
They formed in 1989, and between then and 1996, when they broke up, they sold 19 million records.
They reformed in 2006 and went on tour, without Robbie Williams.
Williams rejoined the band in 2009, doing the Progress sessions.
In 2011 Williams and Take That toured Europe on their Progress Live tour to promote the album.
in October of the same year Williams chose to leave the group again to focus on his solo career, however, in 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2020 Williams has performed with the group occasionally.
Jason Orange left Take That in September 2014 and Take That became a 3 piece band.
Take That released their seventh album called III in 2014.
The band continued as a 3 piece for Wonderland in 2017 and Odyssey in 2018
Gary Barlow (1989–96, 2005–)
Mark Owen (1989–96, 2005–)
Howard Donald (1989–96, 2005–)
Robbie Williams (1989–95, 2009–2014)
Jason Orange (1989–96, 2005–2014)
Take That & Party (1992)
Everything Changes (1993)
Nobody Else (1995)
Beautiful World (2006)
The Circus (2008)
Progress (2010)
III (2014)
Wonderland (2017)
Odyssey (2018)
Gary Barlow, Mark Owen, Howard Donald, Jason Orange and Robbie Williams were in Take That.
Williams left in 1995 after taking drugs and soon the 4 remaining members split up in 1996.
Take That returned to the music business in 2005, released their come-back album called Beautiful World and then went on tour in 2006.
2010 saw the return of Williams and in 2011 Take That took a hiatus and Barlow become a judge on the British TV talent show The X Factor UK in that year.
Donald then became a judge on the German version of the dancing talent show Got To Dance in 2013.
Williams left the band in 2012.
Barlow ended his time on The X Factor UK to focus on the group in 2013.
In early 2014 it was announced that the band would release their seventh studio album in late 2014.
In September 2014 it was announced that Orange had decided to leave the band.
The group then became a 3-piece boy band without Orange or Williams.
Their seventh studio album called III was released in 2014.
Their first single of III called "These Days" was released in November 2014.
The second single of III called "Get Ready For It" was released in January 2015 and was also featured in the 2015 film Kingsman: The Secret Service.
The third single of III called "Let in the Sun" was released in March 2015.
TakeThatTV.com  Official website (Polydor)
TakeThat.com (SonyBMG)
TakeThat4ever.dk Danish fan website
1990 establishments in England
British boy bands
An ambulance is a type of vehicle made to carry sick or injured people.
Normally, ambulances go to people in emergencies to take people to hospital.
Examples of emergencies include heart attacks, strokes, serious bleeding, broken bones, chest pain, serious head injuries, trouble breathing, and people injured in situations like car crashes and falls.
The first ambulances were used on battlefields, when horse-drawn carts carried badly wounded soldiers to field hospitals after the battle.
Horse-drawn ambulances became commonplace in Europe and North America in the 19th century, as hospitals became common.
Automobiles replaced horses in the early 1900s.
Today's ambulances are vans which are converted into small mobile clinics.
They can provide first aid, emergency care, various medicines and life support, and carry patients to hospital.
Ambulances normally have emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics who work on them.
They carry medicines and special equipment that can keep people alive.
They also carry advanced tools for delivering babies in an emergency and restarting a heart.
Ambulances are normally called by dialing a special emergency number, which is different from country to country.
In the United Kingdom, this number is 999; United States 911; Europe 112.
An emergency medical dispatcher then sends an ambulance.
An ambulance usually has two crew members.
That way, one can drive while the other looks after the patient in the back.
A paramedic will have at least a year of medical training, and can do fairly advanced treatment.
Not all ambulance staff are paramedics.
Those with less training are known as emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in some countries such as the United States, and emergency care assistants (ECAs) in the United Kingdom.
In some countries such as France, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, ambulances may have doctors or nurses on board.
In the past, ambulances only gave patients a ride to hospital, or only had a first aid kit.
This is still true in some parts of the world.
In modern times, ambulances will have far more equipment and medicine.
In some countries, an ambulance is like a mobile doctor's clinic.
Collar: A special collar holds someone's neck in place if they have damaged their backbone.
Defibrillator: An electric shock machine for restarting a stopped heart.
Entenox gas cylinders: Also known as "laughing gas".
This gas reduces pain if it is breathed in.
Heart monitor: This machine shows how well a heart is beating.
Oxygen gas cylinders: There is some oxygen in the air all around us.
But if a person is struggling to breathe, it often helps to give them oxygen from a cylinder.
They will wear a small mask when this is done.
Splints: These hold an arm or leg in place if a bone is broken, to stop the broken bone from getting worse.
Stretcher or scoop: For carrying the patient in and out of the ambulance.
Wheelchair: Another way to carry a patient.
When driving in an emergency, ambulances can break some road laws.
For example, they can drive over the speed limit and through a red traffic light.
They have flashing lights and sirens to warn traffic along the way.
Air ambulance
Air ambulances became more common in the late 20th century.
Helicopters carry the same kind equipment as a typical ground ambulance.
In the United States, the Coast Guard runs a public air ambulance service using helicopters.
There are also privately owned air ambulance services that provide for a wider range of needs, including international transport.
Air ambulances are especially important in countries with low population density (few people, living in a vast area) such as Canada, Russia, midwest USA, Sweden or Finland.
They can often save a life of a patient who would otherwise die because he could not be carried fast enough to hospital by other means.
Chang-Jing (昌靖片)
Yi-Liu (宜瀏片)
Ji-Cha (吉茶片)
Fu-Guang (撫廣片)
Ying-Yi (鷹弋片)
Da-Tong (大通片）
Lei-Zi (耒資片）
Dong-Sui (洞綏片）
Huai-Yue (懷嶽片）
Rock and Roll Over is the fifth studio album and sixth album overall by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
It was released on November 11, 1976.
Calling Dr. Love
Ladies Room
Mr. Speed
See You in Your Dreams
Hard Luck Woman
Makin' Love
Love Gun is the sixth studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
It was released on June 30, 1977.
"I Stole Your Love"
"Christine Sixteen"
"Got Love For Sale"
"Shock Me"
"Tomorrow And Tonight"
"Love Gun"
"Hooligan"
"Almost Human"
"Plaster Caster"
"Then She Kissed Me"
1977 albums
Alive II is the second live album and eighth album overall by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
It was released on November 28, 1977.
The last five songs are exclusive to (only on) this album.
King Of The Night Time World
Christine Sixteen
Tomorrow And Tonight
I Stole Your Love
God Of Thunder
All American Man
Rockin' In The USA
Henry IV (1050–1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084, till he was forced to step down in 1105.
He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty and one of the most interesting and important figures of the eleventh century.
His reign was marked by the Investiture Controversy with the Papacy and several civil wars with pretenders to his throne in Italy and Germany.
Henry was the eldest son of the Emperor Henry III, by his second wife Agnes de Poitou, and was probably born at the royal palace at Goslar.
When Henry III unexpectedly died in 1056, the six-year-old Henry IV became king without problems.
The Empress Agnes acted as regent, and the German pope Victor II was named as her counsellor.
Unlike Henry III, Agnes could not influence the election of the new popes, Stephen IX and Nicholas II.
These popes worked together with the Normans of southern Italy.
Investiture controversy
Gregory VII, a reformist monk, was elected as pope in 1073.
This is when the controversy between emperor and pope began.
In the higher ranks of the German clergy, Gregory had many enemies.
Therefore, King Henry declared Gregory was no longer pope, and the Romans should choose a new pope.
When Gregory heard of this he
The excommunication of the king made a deep impression both in Germany and Italy.
Thirty years before, Henry III had deposed three popes, but when Henry IV tried to copy this procedure, he did not have the support of the people.
The Saxons began a second rebellion, and the anti-royalist party grew in strength.
To Canossa
The situation now became extremely critical for Henry.
It became clear that at any price he had to get his absolution from Gregory.
At first he tried this by an embassy, but when Gregory rejected this, he went to Italy in person.
The pope had already left Rome.
Henry tried to force the pope to grant him absolution by doing penance before him at Canossa, where Gregory stayed.
For a Christian it seemed impossible to deny a penitent re-entrance into the church, and therefore Gregory removed the ban.
But a new conflict followed because Henry IV thought the end of excommunication meant he was king again.
But Gregory did not decide that.
Second excommunication of Henry
The rebellious German nobles used the excommunication of Henry to set up a rival king, Duke Rudolph of Swabia (Forchheim, March 1077).
At first Gregory seemed to be neutral because the two parties (emperor and rebels) were of fairly equal strength.
But finally he decided to support Rudolph of Swabia after his victory at Flarchheim (January 27, 1080) and declared the excommunication and deposition of King Henry again (March 7, 1080).
This was widely felt to be an injustice.
When Rudolph of Swabia died on October 16 of the same year, Henry began to fight to be king.
In 1081 he opened the conflict against Gregory in Italy.
Gregory had now become less powerful, and thirteen Cardinals stopped supporting him.
Rome surrendered to the German king, and Guibert of Ravenna was enthroned as Clement III (March 24, 1084).
Henry was crowned emperor by his rival, while Gregory himself had to flee from Rome in the company of his Norman "vassal," Robert Guiscard.
Henry's wife Bertha died on December 27, 1087.
She was also buried at the Speyer Cathedral.
Agnes of Germany (born 1072), married Frederick I von Staufen, Duke of Swabia.
Conrad (February 12, 1074 – July 27, 1101)
Adelaide, died in infancy
Henry, died in infancy
Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
T. J. H. McCarthy: Chronicles of the Investiture Contest: Frutolf of Michelsberg and his continuators (Manchester, 2014).
Gerd Althoff (Ed.):
Heinrich IV. (
Ostfildern, 2009) (Vorträge und Forschungen; 69).
Gerd Althoff: Heinrich IV. (
Darmstadt, 2006)
Charter given by Henry to the bishopric of Bamberg, 17.8.1057.
Photography taken from the collections of the Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden at Marburg University showing the emperor's seal.
Report on the bust reconstruction (with images)
Documents by Henry IV for the Bishopric of Bamberg, 17 August 1057,
Gene Simmons is a solo album by Gene Simmons, the bass player of the American hard rock/heavy metal band, Kiss.
It was released on September 18, 1978, as one of four solo albums released by the members of Kiss.
1978 albums
Paul Stanley is a solo album from the guitarist of the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
Tonight You Belong To Me
Ain't Quite Right
Wouldn't You Like To Know Me
Take Me Away (Together As One)
Hold Me, Touch Me (Think Of Me When We're Apart)
Love In Chains
Ace Frehley is the first solo album from Ace Frehley, the guitarist of the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss.
The album was rated 4 out of 5 stars by AllMusic.
They said "Of the four Kiss solo albums released simultaneously in 1978, the best of the bunch is guitarist Ace Frehley's".
Tristan und Isolde (Tristan and Isolde) is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner.
As always, Wagner wrote the words for the opera himself.
He took the famous old legend which had been told by the German poet  Gottfried von Strassburg
Wagner composed the opera between 1857 and 1859.
It was first performed, with Hans von Bülow conducting, in Munich on 10 June 1865.
Many musicians think it is the greatest opera of the 19th century.
Wagner’s dramatic handling of the story had enormous influence on many composers of the time.
His harmonies were also an extremely important development in the language of Romantic music.
Not everybody liked it.
In particular, the music critic Eduard Hanslick said that he could not understand it.
The story of Tristan and Isolde was one of the great romances of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
Several poets told the story, and each told it slightly differently.
The themes of chivalry and courtly love are always there.
Isolde, an Irish princess, and her maid, Brangaene are on Tristan’s ship, being taken to King Marke’s lands in Cornwall where Isolde is to be married to the King.
The opera opens with a young sailor singing about a “wild Irish maid”.
Isolde thinks he is singing about her.
She is furious and wishes the sea would rise up and sink the ship, killing all on board.
She is particularly furious with Tristan, the knight who is taking her to the king.
She asks her maid to get Tristan, but he will not come because his is steering the ship.
His henchman, Kurwenal, speaks crossly to Brangaene, reminding her that Isolde’s previous fiancé, Morold, had been killed by Tristan and his head sent back to Ireland.
Brangaene returns to Isolde to tell her about what was said.
Isolde sadly tells her how, after Morold had died, a man called Tantris had been brought to her because he was seriously injured, and that she had made him better using her powers of healing.
However, she then found out that his real name was Tristan.
He was Ireland’s worst enemy, and he was the man who had killed Morold.
Isolde had tried to kill him with a sword, but when Tristan had looked into her eyes her heart had become full of love and she had dropped the sword.
Tristan had been allowed to go back to Cornwall.
However, it seemed now he had told his uncle, King Marke, all about the beautiful Isolde and had come to get her so that his uncle could marry her.
Brangaene tries to make Isolde see that Tristan is doing an honourable thing to make her Queen of Ireland, but Isolde will not listen.
She is furious, and wants him to drink a potion which had been intended by her mother for King Marke and Isolde as a love potion, but for Tristan it would be death.
Kurwenal now appears and says that Tristan has agreed after all to see Isolde.
When he arrives, Isolde tells him that she now knows that he was Tantris, and that he owes her his life.
Tristan agrees to drink the potion, now prepared by Brangaene, even though he knows it may kill him.
As he drinks, Isolde snatches the rest of the potion from him and drinks it herself.
They both believe they are about to die, and they declare their love for one other.
Kurwenal comes and says that King Marke is arriving.
Isolde asks Brangaene which potion she prepared and is told that it was not the death poison, but a love-potion.
Outside, the sailors welcome the arrival of King Marke.
King Marke and his men are hunting at night.
His castle is empty except for Isolde and Brangaene who stand by a lighted torch.
Isolde keeps thinking that the hunting horns are far enough away for her to put out the flames, giving the sign for Tristan to join her.
Brangaene warns Isolde that one of King Marke’s knights, Melot, has seen Tristan and Isolde looking at one another lovingly.
Isolde, however, thinks that Melot is Tristan’s best friend, and, desperate to see Tristan, she puts out the flames.
Brangaene goes to the castle walls to keep a look-out as Tristan arrives.
Tristan and Isolde can now tell one another they are madly in love.
Brangaene tries to warn them that the night is ending, but they do not listen to her and Melot leads Marke to find the two lovers in one another’s arms.
Marke is desperately sad because Tristan has been betrayed and also because he himself had come to love Isolde.
Tristan now asks Isolde if she will follow him again into the night, and she agrees.
Melot and Tristan fight, but then Tristan throws his sword to the side and is seriously wounded by Melot.
Kurwenal has brought Tristan home to his castle at Kareol in Brittany.
A shepherd plays a sad tune on his pipes and asks if Tristan is awake.
Kurwenal says that only Isolde’s arrival can save Tristan.
The shepherd says he will keep watch and pipe a happy tune to mark the arrival of any ship.
Tristan now wakes up and is sad that it is daylight.
His sadness turns to joy when Kurwenal tells him that Isolde is coming.
He asks if her ship is in sight, but only the shepherd’s sorrowful tune is heard.
Tristan sinks back again.
He remembers that the shepherd’s tune is the one he had heard when his father and then his mother died.
He collapses.
The shepherd now pipes the arrival of Isolde’s ship, and as Kurwenal rushes to meet her, Tristan in his excitement tears the bandages from his wounds.
As Isolde arrives at his side, Tristan dies while speaking her name.
Isolde collapses beside him as the appearance of another ship is announced.
Kurwenal sees Melot, Marke and Brangaene arrive and furiously attacks Melot because he had killed Tristan.
In the fight both Melot and Kurwenal are killed.