the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Denmark at the Olympics is a history which includes 40 games in 22 countries  and 1,800+ athletes.
Since 1896, Denmark has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
The National Olympic Committee for Denmark (National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark or Danmarks Idræts-Forbund Olympisk Komite) was created in 1905; and it was recognized by the International Olympic Committee the same year.
Denmark has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games several times since 1948.
They have been at every Games since 1988.
Danish athletes have won a total of 171 medals.
Sailing is their best medal winning sport.
Denmark has won only one medal at the Winter Games.
This was in curling at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano
National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark
Denmark profile at London2012.com
Sport in Denmark
The term drug cartel is used to describe a group who makes, distributes and sells illegal drugs on national level.
Drug cartels are often doing so across multiple countries.
Mostly, the cartels in areas like Mexico and South America bring drugs to North America.
Estonia first competed in the Olympic Games at the 1920 Summer Olympics after becoming independence from Russia in 1918.
The National Olympic Committee was created in 1923.
They were a part of the first Winter Olympics in 1924.
Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country became a part of the Soviet Union in 1940.
In the 1980 Summer Olympics,  the Sailing regatta was held in the capital city of Tallinn.
Estonia has taken part in all Olympics since it became independent again in 1991.
Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing.
Medals by Olympics sport
Medals by Summer Olympics sport
Medals by Winter Olympics sport
Summer Olympics Medal Count
Winter Olympics Medal Count
Eesti Olümpiakomitee (Estonian Olympic Committee) website
Estonia profile at London2012.com
Neo-Keynesian economics is a school of macroeconomic thought that was developed after World War II from the writings of John Maynard Keynes.
A group of economists (notably John Hicks, Franco Modigliani, and Paul Samuelson), attempted to interpret and formalize Keynes' writings, and to synthesize it with the neo-classical models of economics.
This model, the IS/LM model, is nearly as influential as Keynes' original analysis in determining actual policy and economics education.
It relates aggregate demand and employment to three variables, that is, the amount of money in circulation, the government budget, and the state of business expectations.
This model was very popular with economists after World War II because it could be understood in terms of general equilibrium theory.
Their work has become known as the neo-classical synthesis.
It created the models that formed the core ideas of neo-Keynesian economics.
These ideas dominated mainstream economics in the post-war period, and formed the mainstream of macroeconomic thought in the 1950s, 60s and 70s.
In the 1970s a series of developments occurred that shook neo-Keynesian theory.
The developed world suffered from slow economic growth and high inflation at the same time (stagflation).
Also, the work of monetarists like Milton Friedman cast doubt on neo-Keynesian theories.
The result was a series of new ideas to bring tools to Keynesian analysis that would be capable of explaining the economic events of the 1970s.
The next great wave of Keynesian thinking began with the attempt to give Keynesian macroeconomic reasoning a microeconomic basis.
The new Keynesians helped create a "new neo-classical synthesis" that currently forms the mainstream of macroeconomic theory.
Following the emergence of the new Keynesian school, neo-Keynesians have sometimes been referred to as Old-Keynesians.
sk:Neokeynesovstvo
Clarence Smith, better known as Pinetop Smith or Pine Top Smith (June 11, 1904 – March 15, 1929) was an American boogie-woogie style blues pianist.
His hit tune, "Pine Top's Boogie Woogie," featured rhythmic "breaks" that were an essential ingredient of ragtime music.
Clarence "Pine Top" Smith on redhotjazz.com  with .ram files of his vintage recordings
[ All Music article]
Official website of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame
A sea wall is a wall built to protect land along the coast from erosion and flooding from the sea.
While they do provide protection from the waves and tides, a sea wall may also create more problems.
Erosion of beach sand may increase because of the wall, and the wall may change the direction and flow of waves and caused erosion in other places.
The Unity Broadcasting Network is an over-the-air religious television network.
The office of the company is in Booneville, Mississippi, and individual transmitter stations are located in Mississippi and Tennessee.
List of Stations
Current Stations
W15CG 15 Pontotoc, Mississippi
W18BL 18 Adamsville, Tennessee
W34DV 34 Booneville, Mississippi
W39CD 39 Fulton, Mississippi
Possible Future Stations
Channel 42 in Rolla, Missouri.
W30DC 30 in Lexington, Tennessee (Construction Permit)
W45DP 45 Humboldt, Tennessee (Construction Permit)
W06AW 6 Selmer, Tennessee
W45CW 45 Russellville, Alabama
W46CF 46 Tuscumbia, Alabama
K38HE 38 West Plains, Missouri
W53AF 53 Booneville, Mississippi (moved to channel 34)
Cable coverage
Official Unity Broadcast Network web-site
UBN's Present Page , displaying the current affiliates, and their broadcasting facilities
Religious media
Jewish Life Television (JLTV) is an American television network.
It shows Jewish-themed programs.
It started in 2007.
JLTV has  news, sports, lifestyle and entertainment programming.
It shows movies, documentaries, music, reviews, interviews and special events.
It has broadcast studios in Los Angeles, New York City and Toronto.
JLTV has bureaus in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Washington DC, Miami, London and Moscow.
Members can access live and on-demand programming and watch local, national and international news stories.
In the UNited States, JLTV can be seen by 33 million households across all 50 states through DirecTV, Time Warner Cable, Comcast and independent broadcast systems.
Canadian distribution
On January 26, 2011, Jewish Life Television was officially added to the CRTC's approved list of foreign services.
This let the channel to expand into Canada.
Ethnic Channels Group sponsored the application to get JLTV on the approved list.
That company is the official Canadian distributor of the channel.
Rolla is a city in Phelps County, Missouri, United States, midway between the larger cities of St. Louis and Springfield along Interstate 44.
Its population in the 2010 United States Census was 19,559.
The Rolla Micropolitan Statistical Area consists of Phelps County.
Rolla is an important center for education and research in science and technology.
It is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology.
In addition, the US Geological Survey operates a large regional facility.
This office includes: the National Geospatial Technical Operations Center III, the Missouri Water Science Center, the Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center, National Spatial Data Infrastructure Partnership Office Liaisons, and the Rolla Science Information and Library Services office.
The main office of the Mark Twain National Forest is also located in Rolla.
Although private businesses are more limited, Royal Canin, a major manufacturer of dog and cat food, operates in Rolla.
Small-engine manufacturer Briggs & Stratton operated a major plant in Rolla from 1996 to 2007.
Monica Brinkman - Local Rolla Author
Jean Carnahan - former US Senator
Mel Carnahan - former Governor of Missouri
Robin Carnahan - current Secretary of State of Missouri
Russ Carnahan -  current US Representative
Samuel Curtis - American Civil War General (Union)
James Franklin  - QB for the Missouri Tigers
Kyle Hawkins - former University of Missouri Men's lacrosse coach and gay rights pioneer
Claire McCaskill - current United States Senator from Missouri
Shannon Miller - Olympic Gold Medalist
Tom Shipley - member of popular music duo Brewer & Shipley
Sarah Steelman - former State Treasurer of Missouri
City of Rolla, Missouri
Rolla Area Chamber of Commerce
Rolla Times
The Rolla Daily News
Historic maps of Rolla in the Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection  at the University of Missouri
Gerald Jatzek (born 23 January 1956 in Vienna) is an Austrian author, composer and musician.
In 1980 he won the Liechtenstein price for poetry.
In 2001 he was given the Austrian State Prize for Children's Poetry.
Der Lixelhix children's book, 1986
Gegentöne - Kritische Lieder, rebellischer Rock, nonfiction, with Philipp Maurer, ÖGB-Verlag Vienna 1988
Allerleischlau, children's book, Jugend&Volk, Vienna - Munic 1989,
Der Tag des Riesen, Picture Book Text, graphic: Annegert Fuchshuber, Ellermann Verlag, Munic 1989
Widerrede - Die Kabarettung Österreichs, nonfiction, with Philipp Maurer, ÖGB-Verlag, Vienna 1990
Dina und der Zauberzwerg, children's book, Jungbrunnen Verlag, Vienna 1990,
Der freche Pelikan, Picture Book Text, graphic: Ursula Kirchberg, Ellermann Verlag, Munic 1991,
Isidor, der kleine Drache, Picture Book Text, graphic: Rosemarie P. Sohn, Ellermann Verlag, Munic 1991,
Mein Freund, der Riesenriese, children's book, Neuer Breitschopf Verlag, Vienna 1992,
Ich bin, wer ich will!
children's book, with Christian Orou, Neuer Breitschopf Verlag, Wien 1992,
Freddie Flink in Schilda, children's book, with Beppo Beyerl, Neuer Breitschopf Verlag, Wien 1993,
Der Rückwärtstiger, children's book: short stories, St. Gabriel, Mödling 1995,  (Paperback: dtv 1998)
Wienerisch - das andere Deutsch, with Beppo Beyerl and Klaus Hirtner, Rump Verlag, Lingen/Ems 1995,
Kuno, das Schulgespenst, children's book, 1996
Kuno aus der Tasche, children's book: Erzählung plus Rätsel, Noten und Basteltipps, Gabriel, Vienna 1998,
Lexikon der nervigsten Dinge und ätzendsten Typen.
Satires, with Beppo Beyerl, Munic 1998
Valentin und Wanda, children's book, with Beppo Beyerl, Residenz Verlag, St. Pölten 2003
Wie kommt der Esel auf die Brücke, nonfiction, with Hermann Schlösser, Molden Verlag, Vienna 2008,
Die rote Gitarre, children's book, illustrated by Moidi Kretschmann, G&G-Verlag, Vienna 2010, .
Der Hase hüpft in hübschen Hosen, children's book with Audio-CD, illustrated by Lisa Manneh, G&G-Verlag, Vienna 2010, .
Rabauken-Reime, poetrybook, illustrated by Andrea Steffen, Residenz Verlag, St. Pölten 2011, .
Podium Porträt, poetrybook, Podium, Neulengbach and Vienna 2017, .
(with Claudia Hainschink:) Das Lied hinter dem Lied.
Dialektgedichte und Chansontexte.
Cassette, IDI, Vienna 1979
with Thomas Raber
Der Tiger und der Jäger, Zeit, Ein Kind ist keine Maschine on the CD "Liederfundkiste - Juchhe der erste Schnee", RATOM-Edition, Vienna 2011
Abrakadabra, Hänsel und Gretel auf dem Klo on the "Liederfundkiste - In Kinderstadt", RATOM-Edition, Vienna 2012
Tsching Tschang Tschung on the "Liederfundkiste - Eine Schule für Coole", RATOM-Edition, Vienna 2012
Gedichte nach 1984.
Poetry from Austria, by Gerald Jatzek and Hansjörg Zauner, Edition Ahnungen, Vienna 1985,
Erleichterung beim Zungezeigen.
Poetry against frustration, by Gerald Jatzek and Manfred Chobot, Verlag Jugend & Volk, Vienna 1989,
Ich denk, ich denk, was du nicht denkst.
Anthology for children, Neuer Breitschopf Verlag, Vienna 1991,
Wenn ich zaubern könnte!
Anthology for children, Neuer Breitschopf Verlag, Vienna 1993
Schmäh ohne, aber echt, Wiener Satire und Humor aus 100 Jahren, by Gerald Jatzek and Manfred Chobot, Edition Mokka, Vienna 2011,
Website von Gerald Jatzek
Official Facebook-Page with poetry in English and German, translations and videos
Biographie bei aeiou.at
Darmstädter Echo: Das Hochhaus spielt Klavier
The polar night is when it stays dark outside for more than twenty four hours.
This occurs only inside the polar circles (the northernmost and southernmost areas on Earth).
A lot of times It will be a polar night for the winter and the opposite happens in the summer.
The polar night and polar darkness
Many years' of webcam pictures from Tromsø, Norway.
These clearly show the progression into and away from winter at a latitude within the Arctic Circle.
Emperor Shōwa (1901–1989)
Emperor Akihito (b. 1933)
Emperor Naruhito (b. 1960)
(1) Fumihito, Prince Akishino (b.1965)
(2) Prince Hisahito of Akishino (b. 2006)
(3) Masahito, Prince Hitachi (b. 1935)
Emperor Naruhito has one daughter, Princess Aiko.
Prince Akishino currently has two daughters (Princess Mako and Princess Kako) and one son (Prince Hisahito).
Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), Genealogy ; Successive list
The Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art ("The Johnson Museum") is an art museum in Ithaca, New York.
It is in the Arts Quad on the main campus of Cornell University.
It is best known for its unusual concrete facade.
The museum has more than 32,000 pieces of art.
Each year, over 80,000 people go to the museum.
It shows over 20 special exhibitions each year.
Cornell president Deane Waldo Malott started the University Art Museum in 1953.
The A. D. White House was changed to hold Cornell's art collections.
The current museum was built in 1973.
It is named after Herbert Fisk Johnson, Jr.. Johnson was head of S.C. Johnson & Sons of Racine, Wisconsin ("Johnson Wax").
He was a former member of the university's Board of Trustees.
He graduated in 1922.
His son also served as a trustee.
The Johnson Museum of Art was designed by architect I.M. Pei.
Many people say it looks like a sewing machine from the side.
Its fifth floor bridges over the open aired sculpture garden.
It was made so that it would not block the view of Cayuga Lake.
It has a very good view of the lake from its north and west sides.
It also has a room for meetings on the sixth floor.
This room was used for many years by Cornell's Board of Trustees.
The location of the museum caused many architectural problems.
There was a limited amount of space to build.
Also, the building could not have a large affect on the view of the lake or the Arts Quad.
It is also located on the knoll where tradition said Ezra Cornell chose the site for his university, at the north end of the Stone Row of  Morrill, McGraw, and White Halls.
The design wanted to visually anchor the north end of Library Slope.
The final design was a narrow tower and a bridge.
Critics have said it looks like a giant sewing machine.
One part of the design, which was never built, was an underground Asian art gallery.
It would have included windows that opened into the Southern face of Fall Creek Gorge.
The building was awarded the American Institute of Architects Honor Award in 1975.
The building's design was used on the cover of Scientific American as an early example of computer graphics.
In 2011, a new wing opened to help hold the museum's increasing collection.
The new part mirrored the plans drawn up by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners.
The architect in charge was John L. Sullivan III.
He graduated Cornell in 1962.
The  project cost $22 million.
This included some changes to the main building.
The money for the project came from large grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Kresge Foundation.
The Asian art storage area was moved from the center of the fifth floor to the lower level of the section.
This allows them to make the public gallery space on the fifth floor larger.
Galleries in the new wing will be used to show contemporary art.
The upper level of the new section includes an outdoor Japanese garden.
The plans wanted a tunnel under Campus Road to be added.
It would have gone through the wall of the Fall Creek gorge.
This was not done because of environmental issues.
The permanent collection has more than 32,000 works of art.
Most notable is the George and Mary Rockwell Asian Art collection.
There are also a large number of works by American artists.
These artist include Stuart Davis and Robert Rauschenberg.
There is also many works by members of the Hudson River School and the American Impressionists to contemporary art.
The Collection of Prints, Drawings, and Photographs has more than 15,000 works.
These include works by Berenice Abbott, Robert Frank, Alfred Stieglitz, and Garry Winogrand.
The fifth floor observation level holds the museum's large Asian collection.
The permanent collection also includes works from  Africa, pre-Columbian America, and Oceania.
It range from ancient to contemporary societies.
Its collection has two windows from Frank Lloyd Wright's Darwin D. Martin House.
Classes for credit are taught by Cornell's academic departments, not by the museum.
The museum does work with the teachers.
It has gallery sessions for some classes.
It also has gallery tours and course-related exhibitions that are run by the faculty.
The museum also hosts thematic tours for local school student field trips,.
Over 7,000 schoolchildren go to the museum each year.
The Johnson Museum Club is a Cornell student group that promotes student awareness of the Johnson Museum's collections, exhibitions, and resources.
It hosts concerts, scavenger hunts and other events.
Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, official Cornell University website.
Cornell University Image Collections : Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art Collection  (with photographs from museum).
Since 2009, Danish law identifies the eldest child of a Danish monarch the royal heir.
The first-born child follows his or her parent on the throne.
This is known as full or equal primogeniture.
Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (Frederik, elder son of The Queen)
Prince Christian of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (elder son of The Crown Prince and Crown Princess)
Princess Isabella of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (elder daughter of The Crown Prince and Crown Princess)
Prince Vincent of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (younger son of The Crown Prince and Crown Princess) (twin)
Princess Josephine of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (younger daughter of The Crown Prince and Crown Princess) (twin)
Prince Joachim of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (younger son of The Queen)
Prince Nikolai of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (elder son of Prince Joachim and the Countess of Frederiksborg)
Prince Felix of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (younger son of Prince Joachim and the Countess of Frederiksborg)
Prince Henrik of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (son of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie)
Princess Athena of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (daughter of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie)
The Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Benedikte, daughter of King Frederick IX and sister of Queen Margrethe II)
Princess Elisabeth of Denmark (granddaughter of King Christian X through his second son, Prince Knud)
Danish Monarchy , official website
Succession to the Throne Act, 1953
The order of succession is a sequence of people and events in a specific order.
It may mean the passing of royal or other powers, for example in a dynasty.
The "order of succession" may be used in a historical way, such as a list of former leaders.
Also, the phrase may mean the  pre-planned process through which a leader takes over from another because of death, resignation, or removal
Past list
Succession becomes a chronology which has developed during time which has passed—like a list of popes or list of emperors of Japan.
Succession histories are unique, but not always obvious.
For example, Charles IX of Sweden (1604–1611) was only the third Swedish king named Charles.
Pope Francis is the 266th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
Saint Peter is listed as the first of 266 popes.
Across the span of centuries, there have been problems with the list and order of succession after St. Peter.
For example: During the Western schism in the 14th century, there was more than one pope at the same time.
Each had notable international support.
Only some are included on the chronology of today's list.
France, Aragon, Castile and León, Cyprus, Burgundy, Savoy, Naples, and Scotland recognized the Avignon popes.
Denmark, England, Flanders, the Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, northern Italy, Ireland, Norway, Poland, and Sweden recognized the Roman popes.
Japanese monarchs
Akihito is the 125th Emperor of Japan.
Emperor Jimmu is listed as the first of 125 emperors.
Across time, there have been difficulties with the list and order of succession after Jimmu.
For example: During the Nanboku-chō period in the 14th century, there was more than one emperor at the same time.
Each had notable support.
Only some are included in today's list
For 500 years, the Imperial chronology included Emperor Kōgon, Emperor Kōmyō, Emperor Sukō, Emperor Go-Kōgon and Emperor Go-En'yū.
In the 19th century, these men were removed from the list.
At the same time, Emperor Go-Murakami, Emperor Chōkei and Emperor Go-Kameyama were added.
Future list
Many countries have developed formal succession planning.
In contrast, Kim Jong-il of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea selected his youngest son as the "Dear Successor"  or "Great Successor".
The process which led to this choice is not known.
Monarchies
In some countries including Sweden since 1980, the Netherlands since 1983, Norway since 1990, Belgium since 1991, Denmark since 2009, and the United Kingdom since 2015, the eldest child of a monarch is expected to become the next monarch.
This is known as "full" or "equal" as primogeniture.
In many countries including Spain and Japan, special preference is given to male children.
This is known as "male primogeniture."
Presidencies
In the United States, the line of succession is explained in the "Presidential Succession Act of 1947".
If the president cannot fullfil his duties, the Vice President is expected to take his place; and then the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is next.
A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation produced by a synchrotron.
The radiation can be artificially produced for scientific and technical purposes by specialized particle accelerators, typically by accelerating electrons.
Once the high-energy electron beam has been generated, it is directed into auxiliary components such as bending magnets and insertion devices (undulators or wigglers) in storage rings and free-electron lasers.
Electrons are accelerated to high speeds in several stages to achieve a final energy that can be in the GeV range.
In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), proton bunches also produce the radiation at increasing amplitude and frequency as they accelerate in the vacuum field, making photoelectrons.
The photoelectrons then make secondary electrons from the pipe walls with increasing frequency and density up to 7x1010.
Each proton may lose 6.7keV per turn due to this phenomenon.
So, both electron synchrotrons and proton synchrotrons can be a light source.
The major applications of synchrotron light are in condensed matter physics, materials science, biology and medicine.
Many experiments using synchrotron light probe the structure of matter from the sub-nanometer level of electronic structure to the micrometer and millimeter level.
This is important in medical imaging.
An example of a practical industrial application is the manufacturing of microstructures by the Lithography, Electroplating, and Molding (LIGA) process.
Imaging ancient insects with synchrotron light source -- BBC
Synchrotron light at IOP
Since 1980, Swedish law identifies the eldest child of a Swedish monarch the royal heir.
Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland
Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
Prince Alexander, Duke of Södermanland
Prince Gabriel, Duke of Dalarna
Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland
Prince Nicolas, Duke of Ångermanland
Swedish Royal Court ,  Bernadotte Dynasty family tree
Successionsordning
Since 1983, Dutch law identifies the eldest child of a Dutch monarch as the royal heir.
HM Queen Juliana (1909-2004)
HM Queen Beatrix (Beatrix; b. 1938)
HM The King (Willem-Alexander; b. 1967)
(1) HRH The Princess of Orange (Catharina-Amalia; b. 2003)
(2) HRH Princess Alexia (b. 2005)
(3) HRH Princess Ariane (b. 2007)
(4) HRH Prince Constantijn (b. 1969)
(5) Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau (b. 2002)
(6) Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau (b. 2004)
(7) Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau (b. 2006)
(8) HRH Princess Margriet (b. 1943)
HH Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau (b. 1968)
Anastasia van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2001)
Lucas van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2002)
Felicia van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2005)
HH Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau (b. 1969)
Isabella van Vollenhoven (b. 2002)
Samuel van Vollenhoven (b. 2004)
Benjamin van Vollenhoven (b. 2008)
A hawker is a person who sells things that can be easily moved from place to place.
They are also known as peddlers, costermongers, or street vendors.
Hawkers often sells food items,various types of toys for kids,jewellery for girls and women.
They attract attention by calling out, singing chants, and interacting loudly with
While hawkers can be found in markets, they often move their products from place to place in small carts.
In 19th century Australia, the hawkers travelled around to distant towns and remote farms, carrying a large range of items to sell in horse drawn wagons.
A disc-detainer lock, also called a disc-tumbler, Abloy lock, or simply disc lock is a high-security keyed lock that uses a set of discs similar to those used in a combination lock.
The difference is that the discs are rotated by a key instead of a dial.
When the key is put into the lock, it rotates a set of discs with notches on them to different positions depending on the depth of the cuts in the key.
The right key will line up a set of notches in a straight line, allowing a bar to fall into the notches, opening the lock.
The wrong key will not put the notches in a straight line, and the bar will not fall, preventing the lock from opening.
On high-end disc-detainer locks (such as Abloy), there are usually "false" notches on the disc as well.
These feel like the real notch to someone trying to pick the lock, but do not allow the bar to fall.
This makes it nearly impossible to pick the lock.
It is possible to pick some lower-end disc-detainer locks.
The disc-detainer mechanism usually does not contain any springs.
This reduces the amount of wear on the cylinder.
Ecological succession, is how a specific ecology changes after a disturbance like a fire.
In long-term studies, there is a species succession process in the way forests develop.
Notable ecologists
Several scientists are prominent in the history of this theory:
Adolphe Dureau de la Malle was the first to use the word succession.
He wrote about the process of re-growth after trees in a forest had been cut down.
Henry David Thoreau described succession in an Oak-Pine forest in "The Succession of Forest Trees" in the year 1859.
Henry Chandler Cowles developed a formal concept of plant-growth succession.
Henry's work was based on studies of sand dunes in Danish by Eugen Warming.
Cowles proposed the term sere.
This is a repeat of changes which are shown in specific environmental circumstances.
Frederic Clements proposed a theory that seres were highly predictable.
Henry Gleason proposed that chance factors were very important, even in highly predicable sere areas.
ScienceAid, "Ecosystems", Succession
Order of succession, the chronology of past leaders; or the pre-planned process through which a future leader takes over from another because of death, resignation, or removal
Succession planning, the process of identifying and developing people to take over senior positions in government, business, organizations, etc.
Ecological succession, the development of changes that occur over time after an ecology is disturbed
Wizard or magician, a person in fantasy or mythology who has studied and practices magic
Wizard (Oz), a character in L. Frank Baum's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and its movie adaptations
Wizards (Discworld), major characters in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series
Wizard (Middle-earth), powerful entities from the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien
Wizard (Archie Comics), an Archie comic book superhero
Wizard (DC Comics), a DC comic book supervillain
Wizard (Marvel Comics), a Marvel comic book supervillain
The Wizard (comic), a weekly comic from D. C. Thomson & Co.
The Wizard (film), a 1989 American film about a skilled video game player
The Wizard (TV series), a short-lived 1980s CBS television series
"The Wizard" (Seinfeld episode)
Wizards (film), a 1977 animated post-apocalyptic fantasy/science fiction film by Ralph Bakshi
Mr. Wizard, the stage name of Don Herbert as the host of two popular television shows about science for children
Wizard (card game), a trick-taking card game
Wizard (character class), magic-wielding character types in many role-playing games
Wizards of the Coast or Wizards, a Seattle-based games publisher
Wizard (novel), a science fiction novel by John Varley
Wizard (magazine), a magazine about comic books
Wizards (anthology), an anthology of fantasy short fiction edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois
Wizard (DC Thomson), a British comic that featured Wilson of the Wizard and was merged to Rover
The Wizard, a novel by Gene Wolfe in the series The Wizard Knight
Dakota Wizards, a team in the NBA Development League
Washington Wizards, a team in the National Basketball Association
Wizard (software), a computer user interface that leads a user through dialog steps
Ozzie Smith, baseball player nicknamed "The Wizard"
Gus Williams (basketball), basketball player nicknamed "The Wizard"
Juan Quarterone, soccer player nicknamed "El Brujo" or "The Wizard"
Jeff Farmer (footballer), nicknamed "The Wizard"
Wizard of Menlo Park, nickame for American inventor Thomas Edison
Wizard of New Zealand, born Ian Brackenbury Channell, orator and eccentric
Wizard butterfly, the brush-footed butterfly Rhinopalpa polynice
Wizard, a GWR Iron Duke Class steam locomotive
Wizard Nebula, an open cluster located in the constellation Cepheus
The Wizard of Id, a daily newspaper comic created by Brant Parker and Johnny Hart
Grand Wizard and Imperial Wizard, titles in the Ku Klux Klan
Pinball Wizard, a song from The Who's rock opera Tommy
fi:Velho (täsmennyssivu)
Burrel is a small town in Albania.
It is 91 km from Tirana.
Its population is about 18,000.
It is about 320 metres above sea level, and surrounded by mountains.
The area was settled about the 8th century BC by the Illyrians.
There have been 54 Illyrian burial mounds found around Burrel.
The town of Burrel began in 1922 as the centre of the Mat District.
Cities in Albania
A black powder rocket motor pushes a model rocket using black powder.
Black powder in the rockets is made of charcoal, sulphur, and potassium nitrate.
The amount of each part can be changed to change how fast the black powder burns.
The black powder burns very fast.
The hot gases move fast as they leave the back of the rocket.
This pushes the rocket forward.
Black powder rocket motors were made in a simple form by the Chinese.
They were first written about in the early 13th century.
The rocket motors have gotten better over the years.
They have several uses.
Some can be used as weapons.
Some have cameras to take pictures from a height to get information.
Some are also used just for fun.
Black powder rocket motors are only made in small sizes.
If they are bigger there is a bigger chance of exploding.
They also do not perform as well if they are bigger.
They are made in different sizes called classes.
The classes are 1/4 A through E. If the motor needs to be bigger than this, a different type of fuel is used.
This is called a composite fuel.
Some examples of composite fuels are ammonium perchlorate or ammonium nitrate.
Black powder is the oldest type of mixed rocket fuel.
It was used in rockets even before it was used in guns.
The three main parts of black powder are charcoal, sulphur, and saltpetre (or potassium nitrate).
The Chinese were making black powder as early as 1045, which is about 1000 years ago.
In the early thirteenth century (about 800 years ago) the Chinese turned black powder into a way to power weapons.
Before that it was only used for fun.
The first recorded use of rockets as military weapons was in 1232.
The Chinese ‘arrows of fire’ were fired from a sort of catapult.
The black powder was packed in a closed tube that had a hole in one end for escaping hot gases.
The tube was mounted on a long stick so it was more balanced.
Black powder had a very low specific impulse.
The way rockets were made got more advanced, but only on paper.
People had not really built a much better rocket yet.
They only had ideas and sketches of better models.
In 1591 a Belgian, Jean Beavie, wrote about and drew the important idea of rockets that had more than one stage.
This is called Multistaging.
This means that the fuel is burned through in more than one step.
This is the answer to escaping earth’s gravity and going into space.
By 1600, rockets were being used in some parts of Europe.
They were used against cavalry, which is a group of fighting soldiers on horseback.
By 1688, rockets weighing over 120 pounds had been built and fired in Germany.
These German rockets could carry 16-pound warheads.
During the late 1700s, a London lawyer, Sir William Congreve, wanted to try to make rockets better.
He did many experiments with different fuels and cases.
His experiments were careful and orderly.
He improved how far rockets could go, how stable they were, and how accurate they were.
The British army used Congreve's new rockets to help them in the Napoleonic wars.
In 1939 researchers at the California Institute of Technology were trying to make a motor to help launch aircraft.
They mixed black powder with common road asphalt to make the first composite motor.
This was the beginning of the composite motor.
It also ended the use of black powder for big rockets.
Black powder rocket propellant is a lot like old fashioned gunpowder.
It has one different part called a binder.
The binder is usually a substance called Dextrin.
One common model rocket engine company is Estes Industries.
Their motors are made with black powder propellant.
Black powder propellant must be pressed very tightly to work well.
If it is not packed tightly, it will burn too fast and might explode.
A simple way of combining the parts to make black powder rocket propellant is: 75% potassium nitrate, 10% sulphur, and 15% charcoal.
This is the most common way of making it.
Dextrin may be added as a binder (usually between 0 and 5%).
Extra (coarse) charcoal or metal powders (5 - 10%) may be added to make a spark trail.
Adding these extras might change how fast the fuel burns.
Thrust is how hard of a push the rocket produces.
Burn time is how long the fuel in the motor takes to burn while pushing gases out of the back of the rocket.
The impulse of a rocket motor is the area under the thrust-time curve.
This means the impulse is a number for how much force the rocket makes and for how long.
The impulse of a black powder motor is used to tell what size class it is in.
Motors are divided into classes from 1/4A to E. These classes hold rockets with impulses from 0 to 40 Ns (Newtons*seconds).
Other kinds of model rocket motors can be named up to an ‘H’, which is up to 320 Ns.
For miniature black powder rocket motors (13 mm diameter), the maximum thrust is between 5 and 12 N, the total impulse is between .5 and 2.2 Ns, and the burn time is between .25 and 1 second.
For Estes ‘regular size’ rocket motors (18 mm diameter), there are three classes: A, B, and C. The A class 18 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 9.5 and 9.75 N, a total impulse between 2.1 and 2.3 Ns, and a burn time between .5 and .75 seconds.
The B class 18 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 12.15 and 12.75 N, a total impulse between 4.2 and 4.35 Ns, and a burn time between .85 and 1 second.
The C class 18mm motors have a maximum thrust from 14 – 14.15 N, a total impulse between 8.8 and 9 Ns, and a burn time between 1.85 and 2 seconds.
There are also 3 classes included in Estes large (24 mm diameter) rocket motors: C, D, and E. The C class 24 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 21.6 and 21.75 N, a total impulse of between 8.8 and 9 Ns, and a burn time between .8 and .85 seconds.
The D class 24 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 29.7 and 29.8 N, a total impulse between 16.7 and 16.85 Ns, and a burn time between 1.6 and 1.7 seconds.
The E class 24 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 19.4 and 19.5 N, a total impulse between 28.45 and 28.6 Ns, and a burn time between 3 and 3.1 seconds.
Rocket candy
The death of King Baudouin in 1993 caused a short period of uncertainty about the succession.
Prince Philippe was the expected to be the next king; but Baudouin's brother Albert became the new monarch.
Since 2009, Belgian law identifies the eldest child of a Belgian monarch the royal heir.
Princess Elisabeth of Belgium, elder daughter of Philippe
Prince Gabriel of Belgium, elder son of Philippe
Prince Emmanuel of Belgium, younger son of Philippe
Princess Eléonore of Belgium, younger daughter of Philippe
Princess Astrid of Belgium, daughter of Albert II
Prince Amedeo of Belgium, eldest son of Princess Astrid
Archduchess Anna Astrid of Austria-Este, daughter of Prince Amedeo
Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este, son of Prince Amedeo
Princess Maria Laura of Belgium, eldest daughter of Princess Astrid
Prince Joachim of Belgium, youngest son of Princess Astrid
Princess Luisa Maria of Belgium, second daughter of Princess Astrid
Princess Laetitia Maria of Belgium, youngest daughter of Princess Astrid
Prince Laurent of Belgium, youngest son of Albert II
Princess Louise of Belgium, daughter of Prince Laurent
Prince Nicolas of Belgium, older son of Prince Laurent
Prince Aymeric of Belgium, son of Prince Laurent
Belgian Monarchy, official website;  Genealogy
th:ลำดับการสืบสันตติวงศ์แห่งราชบัลลังก์สวีเดน
Since 1990, Norwegian law identifies the eldest child of a Norwegian monarch the royal heir.
Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway, the oldest son of Harald V of Norway
Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway, Crown Prince Haakon's daughter
Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway, Crown Prince Haakon's younger son
Princess Märtha Louise of Norway, King Harald's daughter
Maud Angelica Behn, Princess Märtha Louise's daughter
Leah Isadora Behn, Princess Märtha Louise's second daughter
Emma Tallulah Behn, Princess Märtha Louise's third daughter
Norwegian royalty
The Bogan River is an inland river of New South Wales, Australia.
It begins at Goonumbla, near Parkes.
It flows in a north west direction for about  before it joins the Darling River near Bourke.
The towns of Tottenham, Peak Hill and Nyngan are built on the banks of the Bogan River.
The first Europen to see the Bogan River was Charles Sturt in 1828-9.
He named it New Year Creek.
However the Indigenous Australian name, Bogan, which means birthplace of a king, was the name that was used.
The explorer Sir Thomas Mitchell created a painting in 1836 of an Aboriginal man, Combo, from the Bogan River.
The Castlereagh River is an inland river in New South Wales, Australia.
It begins in the Warrumbungles, a mountain range, and flows east towards Coonabarabran.
It turns to the south, and then flows north west through Gilgandra and Coonamble, before joining the Macquarie River.
The length of the river is about .
The first Europen to see the Castlereagh River was George William Evans in 1818 during John Oxley's expedition.
It was later explored by Charles Sturt in 1829.
The river is named after Lord Castlereagh, a British politician who was the Secretary of State for the Colonies.
Switzerland has sent athletes to every Olympic Games since the first Games in 1896.
Switzerland boycotted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne but the equestrian events for those Games were held in Stockholm, Sweden earlier that year.
The Swiss dressage team won a bronze medal.
Switzerland has hosted the Games twice.
They hosted the 1928 Winter Olympics and the 1948 Winter Olympics.
Both were in St. Moritz.
Swiss athletes have won a total of 181 medals at the Summer Olympic Games.
They have won 127 at the Winter Olympic Games.
Switzerland profile at London2012.com
A Roman legionary was a professional soldier of the Roman army.
Legionaries had to be Roman citizens under the age of 45.
They were members of a Roman legion.
Legionaries went through very tough training.
They had to do what they were told or they would be punished badly.
Legionaries had to carry lots of heavy equipment when they were marching.
A digital pet (also known as a virtual pet or an artificial pet) are pets that exist only in computers.
A good example of a game with digital pets is Nintendogs.
People may keep virtual pets as a replacement for real pets.
was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
His reign started in 1183 and ended in 1198.
This 12th century sovereign was named after Emperor Toba and  means "later".
He is sometimes called the later Emperor Toba.
In some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Toba the Second" or as "Toba II".
Before he became the monarch, his personal name (imina) was , or Takanari-shinnō
Events of Go-Toba's life
8 September 1183 (Juei 2, 20th day of the 8th month): In the 3rd year of Antoku-tennō 's reign, the emperor and his court fled the capital.
In the emperor's absence, former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa made Antoku's younger brother emperor by decree.
A ceremony which marked the young prince's acceptance of the abdication (juzen).
1184 (Juei 3): Emperor Go-Toba is said to have accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).
1192 (Kenkyū 3): Go-Shirakawa died.
Go-Toba was the grandson of Emperor Go-Shirakawa.
1198 (Kenkyū 9): In the 15th year of Go-Toba's reign, he abdicated.
His successor was his eldest son who became known as Emperor Tsuchimikado.
1210 (Jōgen 4):  Go-Toba's 3rd son was named emperor; and he became known as Emperor Juntoku.
1221 (Jōkyū 3): Go-Toba and his supporters tried and failed to take power from the Kamakura shogunate.
This  was known as the Jōkyū War (Jōkyū no hen)  Go-Toba was exiled to the Oki Islands where he stayed until his death.
13 May 1221 (Jōkyū 3, 20th day of the 4th month): Go-Toba's 4-year-old grandson was made emperor; and he became known as Emperor Chūkyō.
14 January 1222 (Jōkyū 3, 1st day of the 12th month): Go-Toba's nephew was made emperor; and he became known as Emperor Go-Horikawa.
1239''' (En'ō 1, 2nd month): Go-Toba died at age 60.
Go-Toba was buried on Dōgo Island in the Oki Islands group.
Later a part of his body was re-buried in Kyoto.
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the mausoleum (misasagi) of Go-Toba is in Kyoto.
The emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine at Ōhara no Misasagi.
Eras of Go-Toba's reign
Juei           (1182–1184)
Genryaku       (1184–1185)
Bunji          (1185–1190)
Kenkyū''  (1190–1199)
1239 deaths
Toys "R" Us (founded in 1948) is a toy store.
It had its headquarters in Wayne, New Jersey, United States.
The company had around 875 Toys “R” Us and Babies “R” Us stores in the United States, more than 600 international stores, and over 140 licensed stores in 35 countries and jurisdictions.
It controls the FAO Schwarz brand.
It has its flagship store on Fifth Avenue in New York City.
Toys "R" Us also has many e-commerce sites.
Some of these are Toysrus.com, Babiesrus.com, eToys.com and FAO.com.
Kids "R" Us is a former clothing store just for kids established in Manchester, NH in 1983 and disestablished in 2003.
In the 1999 website commercial, there was a probably 7 year old raincheck boy who dresses like Linus from Peanuts and is friends with his raincheck.
Toys "R" us has toys for different ages.
On March 14, 2018, it was revealed that all Toys "R" Us stores in the United Kingdom would close.
The next day, it was announced that Toys "R" Us is officially going out of business and selling all 800 of its U.S. stores.
In addition, all Toys "R" Us stores worldwide would be sold off.
At the time, toy maker MGA Entertainment has made a bid to take over the company's stores in Canada, but it failed.
The remaining Toys "R" Us stores closed on June 29, 2018 after 70 years.
In October 2018, Toys "R" Us announced that it would return, and the company did so by opening 2 new stores in the United States a year later.
2010s disestablishments in the United States
2018 disestablishments
(1) Leonor, Princess of Asturias (b. 2005)
(2) Infanta Sofía (b. 2007)
(3) Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo (b. 1963)
(4) Felipe de Marichalar y Borbón (b. 1998)
(5) Victoria de Marichalar y Borbón (b. 2000)
(6) Infanta Cristina (b. 1965)
(7) Juan Urdangarín y de Borbón (b. 1999)
(8) Pablo Urdangarín y de Borbón (b. 2000)
(9) Miguel Urdangarín y de Borbón (b. 2002)
(10) Irene Urdangarín y de Borbón (b. 2005)
Royal Household, official website;  Royal family tree
Lake Blanche is a large salt lake in the north east corner of South Australia.
It is normally dry, but can be filled by local flooding or when the Strzelecki Creek flows into it.
It covers an area of about .
When Lake Blanche was first seen by the explorer Edward John Eyre in 1840, he believed it was part of a large horse shoe shaped lake at the end of the Flinders Ranges.
This lake stopped the explorers from being able to travel any further to the north.
When Charles Sturt visited the lake shore in 1845 he also thought it was part of a larger lake.
In 1858 the explorer Augustus Charles Gregory was the first European to find a path between Lake Blanche and Lake Callabonna.
Lake Blanche was named after the wife of the Governor of South Australia, Sir Richard Graves McDonnell.
The area near the lake had been called Blanchewater Plains by explorer Benjamin Herschel Babbage in 1856.
In August 1857, Captain Freeling attempted to explore the flooded lake by boat.
The water was not deep enough to float the boat, and even after walking more than  into the lake it was still only ankle deep.
Teams from Finland have been in every Summer Olympic Games and every Winter Olympic Games since then.
Finland was also the host nation for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.
Finnish athletes have won a total of 299 medals at the Summer Games, mostly in athletics and wrestling.
Finland has also won 151 medals at the Winter Games, mostly in Nordic skiing events.
The National Olympic Committee for Finland is the Finnish Olympic Committee.
It was formed and recognized in 1907, when Finland was a part of the Russian Empire.
This table of summer sports does not include the gold medal won in Figure skating at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
*Total medal counts include a gold medal in Figure skating at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
This medal is in the summer games medal totals and the winter sport medal totals.
This is why the totals for summer and winter games do not match the totals for summer and winter sports.
Finland at Olympic.org
Georgia was first at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994.
They have been in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then.
Previously, Georgian athletes were part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics from 1952 to 1988.
Georgia at Olympic.org
Georgia profile at London2012.com
Greece at the Olympics is a history which began in ancient times.
Greece was home of the Ancient Olympic Games.
Greece  hosted the revival of the modern Olympic Games in 1896.
They have been at every Summer Olympic Games since then.
They are one of only four countries to compete in all modern Summer games.
Greece has been in most Winter Olympic Games since 1936.
During the Parade of Nations at the Opening Ceremony, Greece is always called first, due to its status as being the founder of the Olympic Games.
Greece hosted the games in 1896 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics, both in Athens.
The National Olympic Committee for Greece is the Hellenic Olympic Committee, formed in 1894 and recognized in 1895.
Greece at Olympic.org
Sport in Greece
Teams from Hungary have been in most Summer Olympic Games and every Winter Olympic Games since then.
The nation was not invited to the 1920 Games after World War I.
Hungarian athletes have won a total of 475 medals, with fencing as the top medal-producing sport.
Hungary has won more Olympic medals than any other nation that has never hosted Games.
The National Olympic Committee for Hungary is the Hungarian Olympic Committee.
It was formed and recognized in 1895.
Medal tables by Games
Medal tables by Sport
Hungary profile at London2012.com
Hungary at OLympic.org
Sport in Hungary
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Malta was MAT.
It is now MLT.
How the medication is given
How to get the medication
Donkey Kong Land is a video game released for the Game Boy system in 1995.