the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In the Senate, each province is represented equally, by one Senator.
Senators serve 4-year terms.
There are 32 Senators, one for every province and one for the National District, where the capital city is.
The judicial branch is the part of government makes sure that the laws are obeyed and interprets what the law means.
The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court and many lower courts.
If the Supreme Court decides that a law is not allowed by the Constitution, then it is not a law anymore.
The Supreme Court is made up of at least 11 judges.
The head of the Supreme Court is called the President of the Supreme Court.
A Supreme Court Justice serves until he or she either dies, or resigns (quits in the middle of his or her term).
The Supreme Court controls all the courts in the country.
Provincial and municipal government
There is a governor in every province; there is not a governor in the National District, where is the capital of the country.
The governors are only representatives of the President of the Republic.
Every province is divided into two or more municipalities (Spanish: municipios, singular municipio); the Distrito Nacional has only one municipality - Santo Domingo.
There are only two branches in the municipalities: the executive and the legislative.
They are elected for four years by the people that lives in the municipality.
The Mayor (Síndico) is the head of the executive branch and the Municipal Council (Ayuntamiento) is the legislative branch.
The rural parts of a municipality are divided into Secciones (singular, Sección; in English, "section"); every Sección has a person which represents the municipal administration.
The Dominican Republic has 154 municipalities (municipios) (June 20 2006).
Municipal districts
A municipality can have one municipal district (distrito municipal) or more.
A municipal council (Junta Municipal) for such a municipal district is elected by the municipal council of the municipality to which it belongs and not for the people that lives there.
There are 202 municipal districts (distrito municipal) in the Dominican Republic (June 20 2006).
Denmark's minister in Turkey during the First World War. "
The Turks are vigorously carrying through their cruel intention, to exterminate the Armenian people," Carl Wandel wrote on 3 July 1915.
The Bishop of Karput was ordered to leave Aleppo within 48 hours "and it has later been learned that this Bishop and all the clergy that accompanied him have been ... killed between Diyarbekir and Urfa at a place where approximately 1,700 Armenian families have suffered the same fate ... In Angora ... approximately 6,000 men ... have been shot on the road ... even here in Constantinople (Istanbul), Armenians are being abducted and sent to Asia ..."
Attack by Kurds
The first sign of dangers was the appearance on the plain of bands of Kurds from the regions north and east.
Villages were attacked, looted and burned, while the villagers were killed or scattered.
For a time the marauders seemed to hold aloof from the city itself, but as they kept on their course of pillage their appetite for plunder was whetted, and they looked with avaricious eyes at the city on the hill.
The Tour de Pologne (English: Tour of Poland) is a road bicycle racing stage race.
It consists of seven or eight stages, and was first held in 1928.
Until 1952, the race was not held every year, but since then there has been a Tour annually (every year).
When Eastern Europe was communist-controlled there were no professional cyclists, so until the early 1990s, the race was for amateurs only, and the winners mostly came from Poland.
Sport in Poland
1920s establishments in Poland
Atlas Shrugged is a book by the Russian American writer and social philosopher Ayn Rand.
It was first published in 1957 in the United States.
It was Rand's longest book and the last fiction book she wrote before writing non-fiction.
The main character of the story is Dagny Taggart.
Dagny runs a large railroad company that controls the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States.
The story takes place in the USA at a time when trains are the main way that people travel and that companies move their products.
Dagny begins to worry that a lot of the country's best minds are going away.
The men who were in charge of an industry or the best at science are giving up their work and disappearing.
Nobody knows where they go.
She starts looking for "the Destroyer", whom she believes is making the leaders stop working.
During her search, the country and the world get worse.
Without the leaders, industries grind to a halt.
The economy begins to fail, causing problems for society.
Finally, Dagny finds the "Destroyer".
His real name is John Galt.
She realises that she was wrong and that John is not a bad man.
Instead he is a man of high integrity and principle.
He thinks that the world has been taking the work of the leaders and scientist without paying them enough.
He thinks that the only way to make the worlds better is to make sure that the best minds are treated with respect and given enough payment.
By telling the leaders and scientists this, he has convinced them to go on strike.
They are hiding in a secret valley in the mountains.
John Galt also convinces Dagny that he is right.
She joins this man in his valley.
Their goal is to bring down society so that they can help make a new society.
The new society will respect hard work, intelligence and integrity.
Website dedicated to Ayn Rand's novels
Timeline of major events in the novel
Cast of characters in the novel
Excerpt from Atlas Shrugged at the ARI
1957 books
Basilisks are a type of lizard.
They are about 70-75 cm long, when fully grown, and weigh about 80 grams.
They can be found in South America.
Currently, there are four different species.
They can be very still and hard to see.
The basilisk lizard can walk on water.
It runs across the surface of a pond or pool, without sinking.
Its speed keeps it from sinking.
At the same time, its long tail helps it to balance.
The Hindu calendar is a lunisolar calendar used in ancient times.
It has changed, and today there are several regional Indian calendars, and an Indian national calendar.
Indian Calendar at Webexhibits.org
India through its calendars by Amartya Sen
Hindu Festival Calendar
Comparing the Surya Siddhanta and the Astronomical Ephemeris by Daphne Chia (pdf, 404KB)
The Taínos were an indigenous people that lived in the Americas before Columbus arrived there.
They came from the Caribbean coast of South America.
Around 1200 CE, they moved northward to the island chain of the Lesser Antilles and the Greater Antilles.
When Christopher Columbus came to the Americas, the Taínos were living in the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico), and some islands of the northern Lesser Antilles.
Their culture was different from the culture of the Arawak people (another indigenous group of South America).
The name Taíno was given by Columbus.
When he met some native men, they said "Taíno, Taíno", meaning "We are good, noble".
Columbus thought that taíno was the name of the people.
Rouse divides the Taínos into three main groups.
One is the Classic Taíno, from Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.
Another is the Western Taíno or sub-Taíno, from Jamaica, Cuba (except for the western tip of the island) and the Bahamas.
The third is the Eastern Taíno, from the Virgin Islands to Montserrat.
The Taínos of the Bahamas were known as the '"Lucayan". (
At that time, the Bahamas were called the Lucayas).
Lucayos were Taínos, but their culture was less developed.
Archeologists call them "sub-Taínos".
The Taínos' ancestors went from the center of the Amazon Basin to the Orinoco Valley.
From there, they went through Guyana and Venezuela and got to the Caribbean islands.
Culture and lifestyle
Taíno society was divided into two classes.
There were the naborias (common people) and the nitaínos (nobles).
Both classes were governed by chiefs known as caciques.
The caciques could be either male or female.
There were also bohiques (medicine men).
The Taínos lived in villages called yucayeques.
The villages in the Bahamas were the smallest.
The Taínos built large round houses called caney, where several families lived.
The cacique and his family lived in a rectangular house called bohio.
People slept on cotton hammocks (hamacas).
The Taínos often played a ball game called batos.
Batey was also the name of the place where they played and had dances.
The cacique sat on a chair of wood called duho, or dujo.
The New York Times (NYT, also called the Times), is an American newspaper based in New York City.
It is printed around the world.
It is owned by The New York Times Company, which owns and makes 15 other newspapers.
The New York Times was first printed in 1851.
Its motto is "All the news that's fit to print".
The New York Times has a national list of bestselling books, in several categories.
As of 2010, only two United States newspapers were bought by more readers than the Times.
These newspapers are the Wall Street Journal and USA Today.
The New York Times on the Web
Official history of the Times
Daniel Okrent, "THE PUBLIC EDITOR; Is The New York Times a Liberal Newspaper?"
New York Times, July 25, 2004
Fit and Unfit to Print: the Wall Street Journal replies to the Times on the subject of the press's obligations in wartime
1850s establishments in New York (state)
Newspapers in New York City
To this day, Nairi (Yerkir Nairi, Arm.- Country of Nairi) is used as one of the names for Armenia, and is also a common Armenian name.
It is also often used by Armenian poets, including Vahan Terian (author of "Am I the last poet of Nairi?"),
Yeghishe Charents, and Vahagn Davtian.
Hayasa-Azzi or Azzi-Hayasa, Haisa () were a people and area, in North of the Euphrates and to the South of Hayasa.
It is not known if their language was Indo-European or Hurrian because there is no records of their language.
Ancient Armenia was a rocky land of ravines, rivers, rugged cliffs, and hundreds of stone monuments and churches.
Many survive to this day inside the Turkish border near Armenia.
Armenia anciently had far more bigger land than it has now.
De Morgan has said there are signs which show that the Armenians, as their other Aryan relatives, were nature worshipers and that this faith in time was later changed to the worship of national gods, of which many were the equivalents of the gods in the Roman, Greek and Persian cultures.
The main proto-Armenian (Aryan) god was Ar, the god of Sun, Fire and Revival.
The Armenian hypothesis of Indo-European origins connects the name with the Ar- Armenian root meaning light, sun, fire found in Arev (Sun), Arpi (Light of heaven), Ararich (God or Creator), Ararat (place of Arar), Aryan, Arta etc.
According to the researchers, the name of Ardini religious center of ancient Urartu also related to the god Ar-Arda.
The cult of Ar appear in Armenian Highland during 5-3th millennium BC and had common Indo-European recognition: Ares (Greek), Ahuramazd (Persian) Ertag (German), Ram (Indian), Yar-Yarilo (Slavonic) etc.
After adoption of Christianity the cult of Ar was also evident in Armenia, remembered in the national myth, poetry, art and architecture.
Ancient Armenia on ArmeniaPedia.org
History of Ancient Armenia and Urartu
An actor many have to be prepared to say a monologue (a speech from a play).
If he (or she) is auditioning for a particular play then he will take a scene from that play, e.g. if the play is Hamlet a male actor who would like the part of Hamlet might have prepared the famous "To be or not to be...." monologue.
The director of the play will then be able to decide whether he is good enough, or whether he might be better in another role.
They may give the person who is auditioning some other tests, e.g. improvisation or acting with other people.
When a musician auditions for a job in an orchestra they will have to prepare a piece of music they know well.
They may also be expected to have prepared difficult passages from well-known musical works, e.g. someone auditioning for tuned percussion might be asked to play the xylophone introduction to Summer Time from Porgy and Bess (written by Enrique Peña Nieto), one of the hardest solos for xylophone.
They will also be given some sightreading.
People can audition to sing in a choir.
Dancers can audition for dancing companies.
After Audition
Three senior members of the orchestra auditioned a young musician for a place in the orchestra. (
They tested him.)
The young musician auditioned for a job in the orchestra. (
He was being tested.)
Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol (Russian:; IPA: ; Ukrainian: ) (April 1, 1809 – March 4, 1852) was a Russian and Ukrainian writer.
He came from  Ukraine.
His early works were heavily influenced by his Ukrainian heritage and upbringing.
He wrote in Russian.
His works belong to the tradition of Russian literature.
The novel Dead Souls (1842), the play Revizor (1836, 1842), and the short story The Overcoat (1842) count among his masterpieces.
Nikolay Gogol was born in Poltava governorate.
Full collection of Nikolai Gogol works
Ukrainian writers
The President of the Dominican Republic is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic.
This page contains a list (modified from Moya Pons) of presidents of the Dominican Republic.
First Republic, 1844–1861
Pedro Santana: 13 November 1844 – 4 August 1848
Council of Secretaries of State: 4 August – 8 September 1848
Manuel Jimenes: 8 September 1848 – 29 May 1849
Pedro Santana: 30 May – 23 September 1849
Buenaventura Báez: 24 September 1849 – 15 February 1853
Pedro Santana: 15 February 1853 – 26 May 1856
Manuel de Regla Mota: 26 May – 8 October 1856
Buenaventura Báez: 8 October 1856 – 13 June 1858
José Desiderio Valverde: 13 June – 28 July 1858
Pedro Santana: 28 July 1858 – 18 March 1861
Annexation to Spain (Governors), 1861–1865
Pedro Santana: 18 March 1861 – 20 July 1862
Felipe Ribero y Lemoine: 20 July 1862 – 22 October 1863
Carlos de Vargas y Cerveto: 22 October 1863 – 30 March 1864
José de la Gándara y Navarro: 31 March 1864 – 11 July 1865
Restauration War, 1863–1865
José Antonio Salcedo: 14 September 1863 – 10 October 1864
Gaspar Polanco: 10 October 1864 – 23 January 1865
Benigno Filomeno de Rojas: 24 January – 24 March 1865
Second Republic, 1865–1916
Pedro Antonio Pimentel: 25 March – 4 August 1865
José María Cabral: 4 August – 15 November 1865
Pedro Guillermo: 15 November – 8 December 1865
Buenaventura Báez: 8 December 1865 – 29 May 1866
Triumvirate: 29 May – 22 August 1866
José María Cabral: 22 August 1866 – 31 January 1868
Manuel Altagracia Cáceres: 31 January – 13 February 1868
Council of Generals: 13 February – 2 May 1868
Buenaventura Báez: 2 May 1868 – 2 January 1874
Ignacio María González: 2 January – 22 January 1874
Generals-in-Charge:: 22 January – 6 April 1874
Ignacio María González: 6 April 1874 – 23 February 1876
Council of Secretaries of State: 23 February – 29 April 1876
Ulises Francisco Espaillat: 29 April – 5 October 1876
Governing Council: 5 October – 11 November 1876
Ignacio María González: 11 November – 9 December 1876
Marcos Antonio Cabral: 10 – 26 December 1876
Buenaventura Báez: 26 December 1876 – 2 March 1878
Cesáreo Guillermo: 5 March – 6 July 1878
Ignacio María González: 6 July – 2 September 1878
Jacinto de Castro: 7 – 29 September 1878
Council of Secretaries of State: 30 September 1878 – 27 February 1879
Cesáreo Guillermo: 27 February – 6 December 1879
Gregorio Luperón: 6 December 1879 – 1 September 1880
Fernando Arturo de Meriño: 1 September 1880 – 1 September 1882
Ulises Heureaux: 1 September 1882 – 1 September 1884
Francisco Gregorio Billini: 1 September 1884 – 16 May 1885
Alejandro Woss y Gil: 16 May 1885 – 6 January 1887
Ulises Heureaux: 6 January 1887 – 26 July 1899
Wenceslao Figuereo: 26 July – 30 August 1899
Horacio Vásquez: 4 September – 15 November 1899
Juan Isidro Jimenes: 15 November 1899 – 2 May 1902
Horacio Vásquez: 26 April 1902 – 23 April 1903
Alejandro Woss y Gil: 23 April – 24 November 1903
Carlos F. Morales Languasco: 24 October 1903 – 12 January 1906
Ramón Cáceres: 12 January 1906 – 19 November 1911
Eladio Victoria: 5 December 1911 – 30 November 1912
Adolfo Alejandro Nouel: 1 December 1912 – 13 April 1913
José Bordas Valdés: 14 April 1913 – 27 August 1914
Ramón Báez: 28 August – 5 December 1914
Juan Isidro Jimenes: 5 December 1914 – 7 May 1916
Council of Secretaries of State: 7 May – 31 July 1916
Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal: 31 July – 29 November 1916
U.S. occupation (Military Governors), 1916–1922
Harry Shepard Knapp: 29 November 1916 – 18 November 1918
Ben Hebard Fuller: 18 November 1918 – 25 February 1919
Thomas Snowden: 25 February 1919 – 3 June 1921
Samuel Robison: 3 June 1921 – 21 October 1922
Third Republic, 1922–1965
Fourth Republic, 1966-present
History of the Dominican Republic
Remus J. Lupin is a character in the Harry Potter book series written by J. K. Rowling.
In the Harry Potter movies, he is played by actor David Thewlis.
Remus John Lupin was an only son of Lyall and Hope Lupin (née Howell).
At the age of 4, he was bitten by the foul werewolf Fenrir Greyback when his father-Lyall Lupin- insulted all werewolves.
Fenrir tried to kill him but Remus got saved by his father.
However he became a fully fledged werewolf.
His parents were both upset by this, because it meant he could not go to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
However, when Albus Dumbledore became headmaster, he let Lupin go to Hogwarts.
He had a tunnel built so that Lupin could sneak out of the school during the times when he became a werewolf.
This tunnel had the Whomping Willow (a violent tree that attacks those who get near it) built over it, so nobody could get to him by mistake.
The tunnel led to the Shrieking Shack, a building in the wizarding village of Hogsmeade, said to be the most haunted of them all.
When Lupin was in the Shrieking Shack as a werewolf, he had no humans to bite, so he often bit himself.
These bites led to cries of pain that led the villagers to believe that the building was haunted.
During his time at Hogwarts, he became good friends with three other boys his age: James Potter, Sirius Black, and Peter Pettigrew.
These four came to be known as the Marauders, infamous for their mischievous antics.
They knew Hogwarts and the grounds like the back of their hands, and actually created a magical map that showed the location of everyone on the grounds and in the castle.
The map also revealed the many secret passages hidden in the school.
His friends knew of his lycanthropy, but did not seem to mind.
They simply referred to it as his "furry little problem".
Later on, they even became Animagi (a person that can turn into an animal) so that they could accompany him on the full moon and make his transformations more fun.
He was a wizard during Voldemort's first and second rises to power.
He was member of the First and Second Order of the Phoenix
Remus was having trouble getting a job as there was an anti-werewolf litigation so he had no money and therefore could not buy wolfsbane potion (a potion created by Damocles Belby which lets a werewolf keep his mind during a full moon), so he locked himself up in rooms every full moon so that he didn't hurt anyone.
Albus Dumbledore knew of his struggles and found Remus living in a semi-derelict cottage in Yorkshire.
Dumbledore offered Remus a job for the Defence Against The Dark Arts post at Hogwarts and Lupin immediately accepted.
He resigned at the end of the year when Severus Snape let it slip to students that he was a werewolf.
He was killed along with his wife Nymphadora Tonks in the Final Battle for Hogwarts.
Their son,  Edward Remus Lupin survived, who was left in the care of Tonks' mother, Andromeda Tonks, and his godfather, Harry Potter.
cs:Fénixův řád#Remus Lupin
de:Figuren der Harry-Potter-Romane#Remus Lupin
en:Order of the Phoenix (fiction)#Remus Lupin
he:הארי פוטר - דמויות משנה#הקונדסאים
no:Ansatte ved Galtvort høyere skole for hekseri og trolldom#Remus Lupus
ru:Римус Люпин
tr:Zümrüdüanka Yoldaşlığı#Remus Lupin
An anagram is a puzzle where the player has to move all the letters in a word to make a new word.
An example would be The Morse Code and Here Comes Dots.
Anagrams are often used in fiction when a character wants to use a different name.
For example, the Harry Potter character named Tom Marvolo Riddle made an anagram based on his name, "I Am Lord Voldemort", and began calling himself "Lord Voldermort".
And the pen name of Voltaire comes from "Aroueti".
The word 'nag a ram' is actually an anagram of the word anagram.
Common anagram examples are "dormitory"-rearrange to dirty room, "listen"-rearrange to silent, "astronomer"-rearrange to moon starer, and "a decimal point"-rearrange to I'm a dot in place.
The werewolves are mythical creatures that can hide their ears and tail.
It is a human but also a wolf, and most people fear them because of how they look.
There are characteristics that make werewolves special, and that allow a person to tell them apart from real wolves, such as the eyes,  shape, and tail.
When in human form, werewolves look and act like any normal human being, although they usually appear to be ill around nights when there is a full moon.
When in wolf form, the werewolf does keep the mind of human but will only attack those who anger it or take a member of its pack.
Depending on the fiction or legend, a werewolf can be killed by a silver bullet.
However, a werewolf cannot be killed by crosses or holy water, like vampires in similar legends.
When a werewolf dies, it turns back into a human.
The name is derived from "wer" meaning man and "wulf" meaning wolf.
They are sometimes referred to as 'Lycans'.
Some of the earliest myths of werewolves are those of Greek and Romania roots.
Ovid in the Metamorphoses, told of King Lycaeon, who was visited by gods.
Skeptical of them being true gods he decided to test them by serving human flesh in their banquet of honor.
Cannibalism is frowned upon in many parts of the world, past or present (especially in that particular area).
When the gods discovered the tainted meal they changed King Lycaeon into a Werewolf.
Since he obviously liked human flesh, the wolven form would be more acceptable for when he took part in his little "activity.
"The word Lycanthropy originates from Greek roots (Lykoi meaning wolf and anthropos meaning man)
Becoming a werewolf
Several ways for becoming a werewolf have been told about.
Most are dangerous and scary for anyone to do.
In other cases, the body is rubbed with a magic ointment.
Drinking rainwater out of the footprint of the animal was reported to work.
It is said that humans can be turned into werewolves by having been bitten by another werewolf.
Getting scratched is a questionable way of becoming a werewolf, but most don't believe in it.
However, both of these only work if the werewolf in question is in wolf form.
However, as depicted from the Harry Potter series lycanthropy is rarely inherited from parent to child.
For example, Nymphadora Tonks and Remus Lupin, Remus being the werewolf and Tonks a half blood, had a child named Teddy Lupin who inherited no signs of lycranthropy but he did inherit his mother's
Metamorphmagi.
(she was a Metamorphmagus)
The Paneuropean Picnic (also spelled Pan-European Picnic) was an event that took place on the border between Austria and Hungary near Sopron, Hungary.
The event took place on August 19, 1989.
The event was planned to be a peaceful demonstration.
Both countries agreed to open a gate in the border fence, between Sankt Margarethen im Burgenland (near Eisenstadt), and Sopronkőhida (Steinambrückl) on the Hungarian side of the border.
The leaders of the time were Otto von Habsburg and the Hungarian minister, Imre Pozsgay.
The person who did the actual cutting of the border fence was the general secretary of the International Paneuropean Union, Walburga Habsburg Douglas.
The gate was to be symbolically opened for three hours.
More than 600 citizens of the German Democratic Republic took the chance to cross into the west once the Iron Curtain was opened.
They had been told about the event by its organizers.
At that time, the Hungarian border police still had orders to shoot anyone trying to cross the border illegally.
However, they acted carefully and did not shoot at the fleeing people, this time.
The number of people who actually crossed the border to enter the west was only a few hundred on that first day.
On the following days, the border was watched more closely, due to orders by the Hungarian government.
Therefore, a smaller number of people managed to flee then.
Hungary opened its borders to citizens of East Germany on 11 September 1989.
Remembering the event
Today, artwork made by Hungarian artists is at the place where the fence was cut.
It shows a partly opened door.
In 1996, a 10 meter statue was built in Fertőrákos near Sopron.
It was made by Gabriela von Habsburg.
It shows a piece of barbed wire.
From far away, it looks like a cross.
Central Europe Review  - Hungary remembers the picnic that tore down the Iron Curtain.
Paneuropean Picnic, the end of the division of Europe - Shows the event on the website of the Paneuropean Union.
Also has images of the invitation fliers.
An account of the situation, as seen from the border-town St. Margarethen
20th century in Hungary
The San Diego Wild Animal Park is a zoo in the San Pasqual Valley area of San Diego, California.
Different kinds of wild animals including species from the continents of Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America, and Australia are kept in the Park.
The park is 1800 acres (7 km2) and is visited by two million people each year.
Zoos in the United States
1972 establishments in California
Tulip (Tulipa) is a potflower plant.
There is many cultivars and species of tulips.
Cultivars are used as ornamental plants.
It grows in southern Europe, north Africa, and Asia from Anatolia and Iran in the east to northeast of China and Japan, Indo Asia.
It is the national flower of Afghanistan.
wikispecies
Canadian National Capital Commission: The Gift of Tulips
Greig's tulip (tulipa greigii) in its original habitat in Kazakhstan
elegant-tulip-bulbs.com: Information about 3700 tulip names
Tulip photos
Tulip species
kk:Сепкілгүл
Penicillium  is a genus of ascomycetous fungi of major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production.
Members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body.
This widespread genus contains over 300 species.
The mycelium is a highly branched network of multinucleate, usually colourless hyphae.
The conidiospores are the main dispersal route of the fungi, and are often green in colour.
Sexual reproduction involves the production of ascospores.
The asci contain eight unicellular ascospores each.
Species of Penicillium are ubiquitous soil fungi preferring cool and moderate climates, commonly present wherever organic material is available.
Saprophytic species of Penicillium and Aspergillus are among the best-known representatives of the Eurotiales.
They live mainly on organic biodegradable substances.
Commonly known as moulds, they are among the main causes of food spoilage.
Many species produce toxins which work against bacteria and other fungi.
The ability of these Penicillium species to grow on seeds and other stored foods depends on their ability to thrive in low humidity and to colonize rapidly by aerial dispersion while the seeds are sufficiently moist.
Some species have a blue colour, commonly growing on old bread and giving it a blue fuzzy texture.
Select species
Penicillium chrysogenum (previously known as Penicillium notatum), which produces the antibiotic penicillin.
Penicillium marneffei, a thermally dimorphic species endemic in Southeast Asia, which presents a threat of systemic infection to AIDS patients.
Penicillium camemberti, which is used in the production of Camembert and Brie cheeses.
Penicillium candida, which is used in making Brie and Camembert.
Penicillium glaucum, which is used in making Gorgonzola cheese.
Penicillium roqueforti, which is used in making Roquefort, Danish Blue cheese and also recently Gorgonzola.
Wolverhampton is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of the West Midlands in England.
It used to be part of Staffordshire.
The 2011 census revealed that 249,470 people live in the city.
It is northwest of Birmingham.
It is the second-largest place in the West Midlands county.
Wolverhampton originally grew as a market town.
It had a large woollen trade industry.
In the Industrial Revolution, it became an important place for coal mining, steel production, lock making, and the making of cars and motorcycles.
The city's railway station is on the West Coast Main Line and is an important junction of many lines.
Passengers can get direct trains to places such as London, Manchester, Birmingham, Shrewsbury, Walsall, Cornwall, Yorkshire, Glasgow, Edinburgh and areas of Wales.
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. are the city's football club.
They currently play in the Premier League, the top level of football in England.
They play their home games at the Molineux Stadium.
Settlements in the West Midlands (county)
985 establishments
Nubia was an ancient African Kingdom.
It dates back to around 6000 BC.
It was in northeastern Africa.
They were a valuable culture because of their trading abilities.
They were on the coast of the Red Sea.
That gave them many ports from which they were able to trade.
This culture, though, had many hardships.
It declined in power many times, which forced it to break up into smaller kingdoms which flourished on their own.
These are commonly referred to as the A-Group, B-Group, and C-Group.
Their true decline was around 350 AD, when the kingdom of Axum invaded and broke up the culture once again.
This time, the culture never recovered its strength, thus ending of Historic Nubia.
"Journey to Ethiopia, Eastern Sudan, and Nigritia", an old book from the 1800s that talks about Nubia
David Michael Bautista (born January 18, 1969), better known as Dave Batista or by the ring name Batista, is an American retired professional wrestler, actor, mixed martial artist, and bodybuilder.
Batista is currently signed to the WWE under the Legends program.
Batista has held the World Heavyweight Championship four times, the World Tag Team Championship 3 times (with Ric Flair (2) and John Cena (1)), the WWE Tag Team Championship once (with Rey Mysterio) and the WWE Championship twice.
He also won the Royal Rumble twice, one in 2005, and the other in 2014.
Batista tried out at the WCW Power Plant but was told he would never make it in the wrestling business by Sgt.
Buddy Lee Parker.
He then went to the WWF.
They sent him to work with Afa Anoa'i.
He wrestled in Anoa'i's WXW promotion under the Kahn.
Ohio Valley Wrestling (2000-2002)
Batista made his Ohio Valley Wrestling debut in 2000.
During his time in OVW he was called Leviathan.
He went on to win the OVW Heavyweight Championship from 'The Machine' Doug Basham.
After losing the belt to The Prototype, Batista left OVW for the WWF.
He began his WWE career on May 9 2002 as Deacon Bautista, Batista had his first WWE match in a tag match teaming with D-Von against Randy Orton and Faarooq.
Batista pinned Orton to win that match.
Batista later moved to RAW, and was renamed Dave Batista (or simply Batista).
He joined with Ric Flair and fought many times with Kane, whom he beat in his first pay-per-view at Armageddon 2002.
In January 2003, Batista joined with Triple H, Ric Flair, and Randy Orton to form the group Evolution.
Batista did not wrestle for much of 2003 after he tore his right triceps.
Batista re-tore his triceps while training.
He had more problems when after his second surgery to repair his triceps he got an infection.
He needed a third surgery to clean out the infection.
He made his return on October 20 interfering in a match between Goldberg and Shawn Michaels.
At Armageddon 2003, Batista took part in two matches.
He lost to Shawn Michaels in a singles match but won a Tag team along with Ric Flair to become the World Tag Team Champions.
By the end of the PPV, all four members of Evolution held every male championship on RAW.
Batista and Flair held the titles until February 16 2004 when they were defeated by Booker T and Rob Van Dam.
They later won the titles back for a short period.
As 2005 began, Triple H believed that Batista was becoming a threat to his World Heavyweight Championship.
Triple H told Batista not enter the Royal Rumble.
He said it would be selfish of him to do so, and that he should be helping Triple H keep the title.
Dave entered anyway and went on to win the Royal Rumble.
This earned him the right to wrestle in the main event of WrestleMania 21 against the World Champion of his choice.
In an attempt to get Batista to challenge WWE Champion John "Bradshaw" Layfield rather than him, Triple H created a plan to have Batista run over in a limousine similar the one used by Layfield.
At first, Batista did not want help from Evolution in dealing with JBL.
Triple H said that Evolution needed to stick together and went with him anyway.
Triple H saved him from the vehicle before he got hit.
Batista found out about the plan while listening Evolution members when they did not know he was there.
He signed a contract for a match with World Champion Triple H at WrestleMania 21.
Batista went on to win the World Heavyweight Championship on April 3 2005 at WrestleMania 21.
On June 30 2005 Batista was moved back to SmackDown!
JBL and Batista wrestled for the championship at the Great American Bash on July 24 2005.
JBL defeated Batista by disqualification after the referee saw Batista use a steel chair.
They wrestled at SummerSlam on August 21 2005 in a No-Holds-Barred match.
Batista pinned JBL to win the championship title.
WWE.com reported that Batista suffered a muscle tear in his back at the taping for the November 11 2005 edition of SmackDown!.
Plans had been made for Batista to defend the title in a match with Eddie Guerrero and Randy Orton on November 18 2005.
The match did not take place because of the death of Eddie Guerrero on November 13 2005.
On January 9 2006, WWE.com announced that Batista tore his right triceps following a match with Mark Henry at a live event on January 8, 2006.
The following day, WWE.com announced that, due to his injury, Batista was forced to give up the World Heavyweight Championship at the SmackDown!
taping on January 10 2006 (aired on January 13 2006).
Batista had surgery on his arm on January 12, 2006.
Batista made his return on July 7, 2006.
Batista won his first televised match since his return, a six-man tag match with Rey Mysterio and Lashley taking on King Booker, Finlay and Mark Henry.
Oddly, Mark Henry was injured, and could not wrestle in the match between the two at The Great American Bash.
Batista made several tries to win back the championship title before finally winning it back from Booker T on November 26, 2006.
Two months later at WrestleMania 23, Batista lost the championship to the winner of the Royal Rumble match, The Undertaker.
They continued to fight over the title to a tie in a match at Backlash 2007.
After a Steel Cage Match between the two men on May 11, Edge won the title from the Undertaker by using his Money in the Bank title opportunity.
Afterwards, Batista challenged Edge three times but never won the championship.
The third match included the statement that if Batista lost, he could no longer get another chance at the World Heavyweight Championship while Edge remains champion.
Edge later was injured and gave up the belt just before he was to wrestle Kane at the 2007 Great American Bash pay-per-view.
The Great Khali became the new World Heavyweight Champion, winning a Battle Royal and eliminating Batista.
Batista and Kane faced Khali at The Great American Bash where Khali retained the title.
Batista finally defeated Khali, and Rey Mysterio, Jr., at WWE Unforgiven to claim his third World Heavyweight Championship after eight consecutive tries.
Batista is the second man to pin The Great Khali, the first being John Cena.
Batista then became involved in WWE Chairman Vince McMahon and Bret Hart's rivalry in February 2010 by assisting McMahon in attacking Hart; John Cena attempted to save Hart, but would end up being assaulted by Batista.
On February 21 at Elimination Chamber, as payment for Batista attacking Hart, McMahon allowed Batista to face Cena for the WWE Championship right after Cena won the title in an Elimination Chamber match.
Batista would win the match and his second WWE Championship, which resulted in Batista moving back to Raw.
On March 28 at WrestleMania XXVI Batista lost the WWE Championship to John Cena in a rematch, ending his reign at 35 days.
Batista received his rematch for the title in a Last Man Standing on April 25 at Extreme Rules, but was defeated by Cena after Cena duct-taped his legs around a ring post, preventing him from standing up.
Batista and Cena faced off once again for the WWE Championship on May 23 at Over the Limit, but failed again to regain the title from Cena in an "I Quit" match.
The following night on Raw, Batista opened the show in a wheelchair and claimed he would be pursuing legal action against Cena and the WWE for his injuries (which he revealed in 2014 to be a legitimate compression fracture of his L1 spine).
His promo was interrupted by new Raw General Manager Bret Hart, who requested he face an injured Randy Orton to qualify for a shot at WWE Championship against Cena again at the new Fatal 4-Way pay-per-view.
Batista refused and quit the company after Hart named Orton winner by forfeit.
His profile was subsequently moved to the WWE.com alumni page.
He later said in an interview that he left WWE because he did not like the direction the company was going in and would not be returning any time soon.
Return to WWE (2014)
On the 23 December 2013 episode of Raw, a vignette aired announcing the return of Batista on the 20 January 2014 episode of Raw.
It was later announced that Batista would be participating in the 2014 Royal Rumble Match.
Batista returned to confront WWE World Heavyweight Champion Randy Orton on the January 20 Raw, and vowed to win Royal Rumble Match and become champion at WrestleMania.
Later that night, Batista confronted Alberto Del Rio, who had been trash talking him for several weeks, and eventually attacked him with a Batista Bomb.
Six days later at the Royal Rumble, Batista entered the Rumble match at number 28 and eliminated Roman Reigns to win the match, becoming the fifth wrestler to win multiple Rumble matches.
The live crowd reacted negatively towards Batista, cheering Reigns (a villainous character for the past year) and Daniel Bryan (who was not in the match).
The crowd continued to boo Batista after Reigns was eliminated.
After the show went off the air, Batista mocked Bryan and gestured his middle finger at the crowd.
On the February 3 Raw, Batista was confronted and was ultimately assaulted by Del Rio before chasing him off.
Batista retaliated the following week, powerbombing Del Rio through the announce table.
At the Elimination Chamber event and on the following Raw, he was heavily booed by the fans during matches against Del Rio.
Batista won the match at Elimination Chamber, but continued to suffer a torrid fan reaction with 'Boo-tista' chants.
Batista responded to the audience on the February 28 SmackDown, saying he didn't come back to be liked and promising to be the next WWE World Heavyweight Champion, thus reverting to being a villain once again and mocking other superstars stating they were not "real men".
Bryan was added to the WrestleMania main event after defeating Triple H in the opening match of the show.
Bryan would ultimately win the triple threat match at WrestleMania XXX, forcing Batista to tap out and winning the WWE World Heavyweight Championship in the process.
The next night on Raw, Batista and Orton teamed together to face The Usos for the WWE Tag Team Championships, but the match ended in a no contest due to both teams being counted out.
Later that night, Batista and Orton, along with Kane, attacked Bryan before he was set to defend his title against Triple H. Before Triple H could defeat Bryan, The Shield interrupted by spearing Triple H and taking out Batista, Orton and Kane, causing Bryan to retain his title via disqualification.
On the April 14 edition of Raw, Batista, Triple H and Randy Orton came down to the ring to attack The Shield after their 11-on-3 handicap match, using the name and the theme of Evolution.
At Extreme Rules, Evolution lost to The Shield.
At Payback, Evolution lost to The Shield again.
On June 2 edition of Raw, Batista (kayfabe) quit WWE after Triple H denied him a shot at the WWE World Heavyweight Championship; this was done to write Batista off WWE TV so he could promote Guardians of the Galaxy.
Retirement and Legends program (2014-2020)
In December 2014, Batista announced he was retiring from professional wrestling.
In January 2015, WWE announced Batista had signed a Legends contract.
Third Return to WWE (2018)
On October 16, 2018, Batista again united with the rest of Evolution.
This was for an appearance on SmackDown's 1000th episode.
Return and Appearances (2014-present)
He signed a 5-year contract and was to return at the Royal Rumble 2020 but he got injured and he is to return in 2021.
Batista is coming out of retirement.
PWI ranked him # 1 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2005.
PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year award in 2005
PWI Wrestler of the Year award in 2005
World Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
World Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Ric Flair
Royal Rumble (2005, 2014)
WWE Championship (2 times)
Feud of the Year award in 2005 - vs Triple H
Steroid allegations
In August 2007, Batista was said to have used anabolic steroid after an ESPN article released the names of wrestlers that bought medication from Signature Pharmacy of Orlando.
Batista denied this and was said to be very mad because of the report.
He denied ever being a cutomer of Signature, and stated that he has been "tested regularly by the WWE, and I am in full compliance with the WWE Wellness Program."
The WWE punished ten wrestlers named in the issue, though Batista was not one of them.
Departure from World Wrestling Entertainment and MMA debut
Batista quit WWE on May 24, 2010.
He went to MMA on June 16, 2010.
He won a fight against Vince Lucero.
class="unsortable" | Notes
| Relative Strangers
| Cameo role
| Direct-to-video
| My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?
| Police Officer
| Wrong Side of Town
| Big Ronnie 'B.R.'
| House of the Rising Sun
| Ray
| Argomael
| Brass Body
| Riddick
| Diaz
| Guardians of the Galaxy
| Drax the Destroyer
'Television'
Official Myspace Site
Batista/Leviathan Interview on Genickbruch.com
The main aim of the game is to complete the mission the player gets in the beginning of the game.
These missions can differ from conquering or dominating parts of the world, to kill an other player or to hold a number of regions with a specific amount of units on each region.
At the start of the game a player shuffles and deals out all of the cards.
Each cards has either a country or a territory on it.
When each player receives their cards, they put a soldier on their countries or territories.
After they do this, they get a number of soldiers, cavalries and cannons to spread around according to which continent they want to conquer first.
Then they hand their cards back and they put them all face-down on top of each other.
Then the game starts.
Attacking/Defending
Roll the red dice to attack and the white dice to defend.
At the end of each turn, pick a card.
With this card look at the country or territory and the soldier, cavalry or cannon.
If someone conquers the country or territory on the card it belongs to him.
For every country a player owned, they get two extra soldiers.
10 soldiers
2 cavalries
5 soldiers and 1 cavalries
5 soldiers
World countries
North America-
Western America
Eastern America
Central America,
Northwest America.
Eastern Australia
Indoneasia
Skandinavia
Southern Europe.
Yakutsk
The quantity can be physical (e.g., growth in height, growth in an amount of money) or abstract (e.g., a system becoming more complex, an organism becoming more mature).
It can also refer to the mode of growth, i.e. numeric models for describing how much a particular quantity grows over time:
Individual growth
Fungal growth
Auxology (Human development)
Human development (biology)
Growth "spurt" (rapid change in puberty)
Human development (psychology)
Bacterial growth
Tumours can sometimes be referred to as a growth
For financial growth due to simple interest or compound interest see Interest
Personal growth, i.e., Personal development
Linear growth
Logistic growth
It is the stage which cells are preparing for the next division, biochemical activities and reactions are taking place, however no obvious changes can be seen at this stage.
Until cell division, a parent cell divides to form two or more new daughter cells.
First growth phase (G1) - In this phase, new organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts are made.
These organelles help store and provide energy.
It also has mechanism to ensure everything is ready for DNA synthesis.
Synthesis phase (S) - DNA molecules are replicated.
Second growth phase (G2) - The cell continues to grow until to its maximum size, therefore energy stores can be increased at the same time.
Cell populations
Cell populations go through a type of exponential growth called doubling.
Thus, each generation of cells should be twice as numerous as the previous generation.
But not all cells survive in each generation, as written by Richard Dawkins in 1997.
Cell reproduction
The process of cell reproduction has three major parts.
The first part of cell reproduction involves the replication of the parental cell's DNA.
The second major part is the separation of the duplicated DNA into two equally sized groups of chromosomes.
The third major aspect of cell reproduction is the physical division of entire cells, usually called cytokinesis.
Cell reproduction is more complex in eukaryotes than in other organisms.
Prokaryotic cells such as bacterial cells reproduce by binary fission, a process that includes DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis.
Eukaryotic cell reproduction either involves mitosis or a more complex process called meiosis.
Mitosis and meiosis are sometimes called the two "nuclear division" processes.
Comparison of the three types of cell reproduction
The DNA content of a cell is duplicated at the start of the cell reproduction process.
Prior to DNA replication, the DNA content of a cell can be represented as the amount Z (the cell has Z chromosomes).
After the DNA replication process, the amount of DNA in the cell is 2Z (multiplication: 2 x Z = 2Z).
During Binary fission and mitosis the duplicated DNA content of the reproducing parental cell is separated into two equal halves that are destined to end up in the two daughter cells.
The final part of the cell reproduction process is cell division, when  daughter cells physically split apart from a parental cell.
During meiosis, there are two cell division steps that together produce the four daughter cells.
Immediately after DNA replication a human cell will have 46 "double chromosomes".
In each double chromosome there are two copies of that chromosome's DNA molecule.
During mitosis the double chromosomes are split to produce 92 "single chromosomes", half of which go into each daughter cell.
During meiosis, there are two chromosome separation steps which assure that each of the four daughter cells gets one copy of each of the 23 types of chromosome.
Cell reproduction that uses mitosis can reproduce eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotes bother with the more complicated process of meiosis because sexual reproduction such as meiosis confers a selective advantage.
Morgan DO. (
2007) "The Cell Cycle: Principles of Control" London: New Science Press.
Climbing Mount Improbable (1997) Richard Dawkins.
A comparison of generational and exponential models of cell population growth
DNA replication is the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule.
Both strands serve as templates for the reproduction of the opposite strand.
The process is sometimes called "semi-conservative replication" because the new DNA from the original strand contains half of the original and half of the newly synthesized DNA.
This process occurs in all life forms with DNA.
There are some differences in the control of DNA replication in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.