the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
One can also calculate the internal energy of electromagnetic or blackbody radiation.
It is a state function of a system, an extensive quantity.
The SI unit of energy is the joule although other historical, conventional units are still in use, such as the (small and large) calorie for heat. (
Calories that are on classic food labels are actually kilo-calories.)
Internal energy does not include the translational or rotational kinetic energy of a body as a whole.
It also does not include the relativistic mass-energy equivalent E = mc2.
It excludes any potential energy a body may have because of its location in external gravitational or electrostatic field, although the potential energy it has in a field due to an induced electric or magnetic dipole moment does count, as does the energy of deformation of solids (stress-strain).
The principle of equipartition of energy in classical statistical mechanics states that each molecular degree of freedom receives 1/2 kT of energy, a result which was modified when quantum mechanics explained certain anomalies; e.g., in the observed specific heats of crystals (when hν > kT).
For monatomic helium and other noble gases, the internal energy consists only of the translational kinetic energy of the individual atoms.
Monatomic particles, of course, do not (sensibly) rotate or vibrate, and are not electronically excited to higher energies except at very high temperatures.
A physical law, scientific law, or a law of nature is a scientific generalization based on empirical observations of physical behavior.
Empirical laws are typically conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments over many years, and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community.
The production of a summary description of nature in the form of such laws is a fundamental aim of science.
Origin of laws of nature
Some extremely important laws are simply definitions.
For example, the central law of mechanics F = dp/dt (Newton's second "law" of mechanics) is often treated as a mathematical definition of force just like Newton's first law of mechanics (an object that is at rest stays at rest and an object that is in motion stays in motion unless acted by an out side force).
Although the concept of force predates Newton's law, there was no mathematical definition of force before Newton.
The principle of least action (or principle of stationary action), Schroedinger equation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, causality and a few other laws also fall into this category (of mathematical definitions).
Barrow, John (1991).
Theories of Everything: The Quest for Ultimate Explanations. ()
Davies, Paul (1992).
The Mind of God ()
Feynman, Richard (1965).
The Character of Physical Law ()
Hans Wehrli: Metaphysik - Chiralität als Grundprinzip der Physik, 2006,
Francis Bacon "Novum Organum"
Baaquie, Belal E., "Laws of Physics  : A Primer".
Core Curriculum, National University of Singapore.
Carroll, John W. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
Francis, Erik Max, "The laws list".
Alcyone Systems
Pazameta, Zoran, "The laws of nature ".
Committee for the scientific investigation of Claims of the Paranormal CSICOP.
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney is a visual novel/adventure game developed and published by Capcom.
The game was originally a Japan-only Game Boy Advance title called Gyakuten Saiban.
However, the Nintendo DS remake Gyakuten Saiban Yomigaeru Gyakuten was translated and released in 2005 outside of Japan.
The DS remake features a bonus case called Rise From The Ashes which was not in the original GBA version.
Phoenix Wright is the main protagonist of the game.
He is a defense attorney who must prove that his falsely-accused clients are not guilty.
Mia Fey
Mia Fey is Phoenix's boss and mentor.
She is killed in the second case.
However, her spirit can be channelled by Maya and sometimes she reappears to give Phoenix help or advice.
Maya Fey
Maya is Mia's little sister.
She is Phoenix's assistant.
She is also a spirit medium and can sometimes channel Mia's spirit.
Miles Edgeworth
Miles Edgeworth is a prosecutor, and Phoenix Wright's rival.
He is the prosecutor in every case in the game except for The First Turnabout and Turnabout Goodbyes.
Larry Butz
Larry Butz is Phoenix's client in the first case of the game, where he is accused of murder.
He is also a witness in the fourth case.
Winston Payne
Winston Payne is the prosecutor of the first case.
He has appeared in every Ace Attorney game except Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Dual Destinies.
He is normally the prosecutor of the Tutorial cases of each game.
Dick Gumshoe
Manfred von Karma
The First Turnabout
Turnabout Sisters
Phoenix's mentor, Mia Fey, is killed.
Phoenix defends her sister, Maya Fey, who is accused of murdering her.
Turnabout Samurai
Will Powers, an actor who potrays the Steel Samurai, is accused of murdering Jack Hammer.
Phoenix defends him in court.
Turnabout Goodbyes
A man is killed on a boat at Gourd Lake, and Miles Edgeworth is accused of the murder.
Phoenix defends him.
Lana Skye is accused of the murder of Bruce Goodman.
Her sister, Ema Skye, convinces Phoenix Wright to take her case.
Video game remakes
Visual novels
ja:逆転裁判#蘇る逆転
A pipe is a tube or hollow cylinder for the transport of fluid.
The terms 'pipe' and 'tube' can be used for the same objects. '
Pipe' is generally specified by the internal diameter (ID) whereas 'tube' is usually defined by the outside diameter (OD) but may be specified by any combination of dimensions (OD, ID, wall thickness). '
Tube' is often made to custom sizes and may often have more specific sizes and tolerances than pipe.
The terms 'tube' and 'tubing' are more widely used in the USA and 'pipe' elsewhere in the world.
Both "pipe" and "tube" imply a level of rigidity and permanence, whereas a '' is usually portable and flexible.
Domestic water systems
Pipeline containing high pressure gas or fluid
Structural steel
As components in mechanical systems such as:
Rollers in conveyor belts
Compactors (E.g.: steam rollers)
Bearing casing
Casing for concrete pilings used in construction projects
High temperature or pressure manufacturing processes
The petroleum industry:
Oil well casing
Oil refinery equipment
The construction of high pressure storage vessels
Pipe (disambiguation page)
Cameron Michelle Diaz (born August 30, 1972) is an American retired actress and former fashion model.
She was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2003.
Cameron Diaz was born in San Diego, California.
Her mother, Billie Joann (née Early), is an import-export agent.
Her father, Emilio Luis Diaz (1949–2008), worked for the California oil company UNOCAL for more than 20 years as a field gauger.
Diaz has an older sister, Chimene.
Her father's family were Cubans, and settled in Tampa's Ybor City, later moving to California, where Emilio was born.
Her mother has English, German, and Scots-Irish ancestry.
Diaz was raised in Long Beach, California.
Models from San Diego, California
The Bacon number of an actor or actress is the number of degrees of separation (see Six degrees of separation) they have from actor Kevin Bacon, as defined by the game known as Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon.
It applies the Erdős number concept to the movie industry.
The higher the Bacon number, the farther away from Kevin Bacon the actor is.
For example, Kevin Bacon's Bacon number is 0.
If an actor works in a movie with Kevin Bacon, the actor's Bacon number is 1.
If an actor works with an actor who worked with Kevin Bacon in a movie, the first actor's Bacon number is 2, and so forth.
The Oracle of Bacon at the University of Virginia computes the Bacon number of any actor or actress from data scraped from Wikipedia (formerly using IMDb data).
Modern Family", Daddy Issues (2018)
Pondicherry is the capital of the Indian union territory of Puducherry.
It is also known as Puducherry since 2006.
Settlements in Puducherry
Zanzibar is the name of an archipelago in the Indian Ocean 25–50 km off the coast of East Africa.
There are many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, sometimes informally referred to as 'Zanzibar') and Pemba Island.
The archipelago was once the separate state of Zanzibar, which united with Tanganyika to form Tanzania (derived from the two names).
Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous within the union, with its own government.
The capital of Zanzibar is Zanzibar City.
It is on the island of Unguja.
The city's old quarter, known as Stone Town, is a World Heritage Site.
Zanzibar has its own government, known as the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar.
It is made up of the Revolutionary Council and House of Representatives.
The main Parties are the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the Civic United Front (CUF).
Since the early 1990s, the politics of the archipelago have been marked by repeated violent clashes between these two political parties.
Independence claimed
In October 2009, Zanzibar President Amani Karume met with CUF Secretary Seif Shariff Hamad at the State House to discus how to save Zanzibar from future political turmoil and to end the backlash between them, a move which was welcomed by many people including the USA and political parties.
It was the first time CUF agreed to recognize Karume as the legitimate president of Zanzibar.
The relationship between Zanzibar government and Tanzanian Mainland has not been good in recent years since Tanzania Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda's remark about the Isles' sovereignty.
He said that Zanzibar is not an independent country outside the Union Government, within which it can only exercise its sovereignty.
Members from both the ruling party, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), and the opposition Civic United Front (CUF) disagreed with Mr Pinda's interpretation and stand firmly in recognizing Zanzibar as a fully autonomous and full state.
The move was not recognized by the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania.
In 2008, Tanzanian president Jakaya Kikwete tried to silence the debate when he addressed the nation in a live conference by saying that Zanzibar is a state internal but semi-state international.
There the matter rests for the time being.
Zanzibar is 95% Islamic in religion, and has been so for hundreds of years.
It was once part of the Persian Empire, then under the Caliphate of Oman.
It was ruled by a Sultan.
Zanzibar was conquered by the British in the late 19th century.
The islands were involved in the Arab slave trade, and the British conquest was an attempt to stop this.
They appointed puppet rulers, and Zanzibar became a 'protectorate', not a colony.
Zanzibar's main industries are spices (which include cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon and pepper), raffia, and tourism.
Zanzibar is also the home of the endemic Zanzibar Red Colobus and the elusive Zanzibar Leopard.
The word "Zanzibar" probably derives from the Persian زنگبار, Zangi-bar ("coast of the blacks") and it is also known as Zanji-bar in Arabic.
Zanzibar is sometimes referred to as the "Spice Islands," a term that is more often used for the Maluku Islands in Indonesia.
Pemba Island is the only island apart from Zanzibar that still produces cloves on a major basis which is the primary source of spice income for the islands.
The islands are poor, and the economy is in trouble.
Zanzibaris are living a hard life compare to the mainland.
In 2000, the annual income per capita was US$220.
During May and June 2008, Zanzibar suffered a major failure of its electricity system, which left the island without electricity for nearly a month.
Another blackout happened from December 2009 to March 2010, due to a problem with the submarine cables and the local plant.
This led to a serious and ongoing shock to the island's fragile economy, which is heavily dependent on foreign tourism.
Cloves
Zanzibar's economy is based primarily on the production of cloves (90% grown on the island of Pemba), the principal foreign exchange earner.
Exports have suffered with the downturn in the clove market.
The clove, originally from the Moluccan Islands (Indonesia), was introduced to Zanzibar by the Omani sultans in the first half of the XIX century.
Zanzibar, mainly Pemba Island, was once the world's leading clove producer, but annual clove sales have plummeted by 80% since the 1970s.
Zanzibar's clove industry has been crippled by a fast-moving global market, and international competition.
Tanzania's failed experiment with socialism in the 1960s and 1970s, when the government controlled clove prices and exports, is also a factor.
Zanzibar now ranks a distant third with Indonesia supplying 75% of the world's cloves compared to Zanzibar's 7%.
Zanzibar exports spices, seaweed and fine raffia.
It also has a large fishing and dugout canoe production.
Tourism is a major foreign currency earner.
A number of new hotels and resorts having been built in recent years.
The Government of Zanzibar legalized foreign exchange bureaux on the islands.
The effect was to increase the availability of consumer commodities.
The government has also established a free port area.
This stimulates trade and support services.
There is a management system for re-exportation of goods.
There is also a possibility of oil exploration in Zanzibar on the island of Pemba.
Oil would help boost the economy of Zanzibar, but there have been disagreements about dividends between the Tanzanian mainland and Zanzibar, the latter claiming the oil should be excluded in Union matters.
A Norwegian consultant has been sent to Zanzibar to investigate its oil potential.
Enya (born Eithne Patricia Ní Bhraonáin on 17 May 1961 in Gweedore, County Donegal, Ireland) is an Irish singer.
She is famous for hits such as Orinoco Flow (1988) and Anywhere Is (1995).
She has also won four Grammy Awards and has become one of the world's most successful female singers.
Her vocal range is mezzo-soprano.
Her first works were soundtracks for The Frog Prince movie by David Puttman and The Celts documentary by BBC.
Enya is very popular and has sold more than 75 million albums worldwide.
Her best selling album is A Day Without Rain (2000).
Enya (1987)
Watermark (1988)
Shepherd Moons (1991)
The Celts (1992)
The Memory of Trees (1995)
Paint the Sky With Stars (1997)
A Day Without Rain (2000)
Amarantine (2005)
And Winter Came (2008)
Dark Sky Island (2015)
The Frog Prince (1985)
The Celts (1987)
Far And Away (1992)
Toys (1992)
Irish singers
New Age music
People from County Donegal
Downing Street is a street in London.
It is close to Whitehall and Buckingham Palace.
The official residences of the two most senior Government ministers are here.
These are the Prime Minister, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Downing Street is a few minutes' walk from the Houses of Parliament.
The street was built in the 1680s by Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet (1632–1689) on the site of a mansion called Hampden House.
The Prime Minister, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Chief Whip all have official residences in buildings along one side of the street.
The houses on the other side were all replaced by the Foreign Office in the nineteenth century.
1680s establishments in Europe
Armenian illuminated manuscripts are a form of artwork in the Byzantine tradition.
They come from between the 5th century and the 13th century.
They can include prayer rolls, the Mugni Gospels, and the Echmiadzin Gospels.
Matenadaran site
Armenian manuscripts at Armenica.org
Illuminated manuscripts
Alcatraz Island (sometimes just called Alcatraz or The Rock) is a small island in San Francisco Bay in California.
It was first a lighthouse, then a military fort, then a military prison, and finally a federal prison.
In 1969, it became a museum.
The name Alcatraz comes from the original Spanish name of the island, Isla de los alcatraces (Island of the pelicans).
It was given that name when a Spanish explorer, Juan Manuel de Ayala, noticed the great amount of pelicans roosting on the island.
The famous Alcatraz prison opened in August 1934 and closed on 21 March 1963.
At first, the island served as a war prison for confederate soldiers during the Civil War.
At the turn of the century, it would become the most famous and posthumously, most infamous prison in American history.
Some of the most famous inmates at Alcatraz are Al Capone and Machine Gun Kelly.
The prison was eventually shut down in 1963 after the State of California and the US Congress agreed that it costs too much to run.
Soon after, Native American Indians used the prison and the island for a huge protest in favor for Native American rights.
After being kicked out from the grounds, the prison was vacated and was never used again.
People still love to go see the prison.
It draws in millions into the San Francisco area.
People enjoy the tales of possible ghost encounters on the prison grounds.
It has been a huge haunting site because spirits are said to have left behind wandering the prison.
1963 establishments in California
An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript where text is decorated by things like initials, borders and miniature illustrations.
Most of them were made in Europe in the Middle Agss, and some are from the Renaissance.
A manuscript is any document that is written by hand, not printed or made in some other way.
The early history of writing is intimately connected with the history of writing materials, of which the manuscript is one.
Early printing made use of many ideas which developed in the era of manuscripts.
Mesrop Mashtots' Matenadaran Institute of Ancient Manuscripts in Yerevan, Armenia, is one of the richest depositories of manuscripts and books in the world.
The Blue Mosque () is a mosque in Yerevan, Armenia.
It was built in 1766 during the reign of Huseyn Ali.
Buildings and structures in Armenia
1766 establishments
Plainview, Minnesota
Plainview, Nebraska
Plainview, New York
Plainview, Tennessee
In Rome, the consul Titus Manlius Torquatus does the first ever closing of the gates of the Temple of Janus, signifying peace.
Under King Attalus I, Pergamum begins to build up its power and importance.
Aratus of Sicyon brings Megalopolis into the Achaean League.
The ephor, Lysander, says he has seen a sign from the gods against King Leonidas II of Sparta.
Leonidas runs away to avoid his trial.
While he is away, Leonidas is removed from the throne and replaced by his son-in-law, Cleomenes III.
A work by the Latin epic poet and dramatist Gnaeus Naevius is performed for the first time.
Following their agreement to work together to defeat Antigonus, Seleucus invades Asia Minor from Babylonia, while Ptolemy attacks Syria and Lysimachus moves into the western part of Asia Minor.
Docimus, the regent of Phrygia, and Phoenix, the strategos of Lycia, desert Antigonus.
The Macedonian general, Philetaerus, moves his allegiance from Antigonus to Antigonus' rival, Lysimachus.
In return, Lysimachus makes Philetaerus guardian of the fortress of Pergamum with its treasure of some 9,000 talents.
San Marino is the capital of the tiny nation of San Marino.
It is the third largest city in the country, after Dogana and Borgo Maggiore.
Municipalities of San Marino
Fort Worth is the fifth largest city in Texas.
It is the 16th largest city in the United States.
It has gotten so big that it has overlapped the next biggest city next to it, Dallas, Texas.
Because of this, the area is often referred to as Dallas/Ft.
Worth, or DFW.
Fort Worth is the county seat of Tarrant County.
Texas Motor Speedway is also in Fort Worth.
There are a few interesting landmarks in Fort Worth.
One is Sundance Square, a popular place to enjoy in downtown.
Another is West 7th, an entertainment destination.
At last, there is the Fort Worth Stockyards, where rodeos are held.
1873 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Texas
Akdamar Island (also known as Aghtamar, Ahktamar, and Aght'amar; Armenian: Աղթամար, Kurdish: Axtamar) is a small island in Lake Van in Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey.
The Surp Hach (Saint Cross) church on Akhtamar Island
Islands of Turkey
Armenian Apostolic Churches
The Gandzasar monastery (Armenian: Գանձասար) is an Armenian monastery in Nagorno-Karabakh, in the Mardakert region, near the village of Vank.
Gandzasar means "treasure mountain" in Armenian.
Deportation, means the removal of someone from a country.
People may be deported from a country for many reasons.
For example, one may be deported from a country if he has got into the country illegally, or without a visa (permission).
Deportation can also happen inside a country.
A person or a group of people may be forced to move to a different part of the country, as a punishment.
May 11 – Alexander becomes Emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
November 23-Otto I the Great
Vahe was a legendary king of Armenia (351 BC–331 BC).
He was the last offspring of the Hyke dynasty.
He revolted against Alexander the Great and fought a war for Darius the Great of Persia.
Rhadamistus (other names Ghadam or Radamisto) was an Iberian prince who reigned in Armenia from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55 CE.
la:Radamisto
Construction is the process of erection or assembly of any building or infrastructure on a site.
In general, there are three types of construction:
Building construction
Heavy/civil construction
Industrial construction
Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property.
Industrial construction, though a relatively small part of the entire construction industry, is a very important component.
The first buildings were huts and shelters, constructed by hand or with simple tools.
As cities grew during the Bronze Age, a class of professional craftsmen appeared.
In the Middle Ages, these were organized into guilds.
In the 19th century, steam-powered machinery appeared, and later diesel- and electric powered vehicles such as cranes, excavators and bulldozers.
Modern construction is consistently made of materials such as glass, steel, concrete and bricks.
So it is easy to build simple forms like simple cubic forms.
The new style of architecture is based on the economic basic principle:
Social economics: The need to build houses results in having  too many houses to build and to create fewer special houses.
Decorations and ornaments were not important.
Constructive economics: The reduction of needing points and areas allows new possibilities.
That results in more free forms with the same work.
Stylistic economics: The houses represent universality and objectivity and they are a product of art.
These are the main items: water supply, sewage plants, housing, roads, cable networks, food supply facilities, schools, hospitals, airports, community meeting places, business and government buildings, bridges, railways.
In fact, everything that modern life needs in the way of built facilities.
Infrastructure is closely connected with standard of living and overpopulation.
More people will want more roads, water pipes and other infrastructure.
Poor countries tend to have fast population growth and cannot provide the needed infrastructure.
Standard of living drops and this may lead to other problems like worsening health, exposure to plague and difficult access of emergency units to those that need it.
A ceremony is an activity performed at a special time usually with according seriousness.
Ceremonies may be done to celebrate an event or rite of passage.
Other important ceremonies include  the tea ceremony in Asian cultures,
A ceremony may mark a rite of passage in a person's job or life, showing how important it is.
vernal equinox
winter solstice
occasions in a Christian calendar
Government ceremonies
Sometimes, a ceremony may only be done by certain people.
A wedding is done by a priest or a Civil Celebrant.
The President of the United States is sworn in by the Chief Justice of the United States at his or her inauguration.
The British monarch is usually made king or queen by the Archbishop of Canterbury at his or her coronation.
In chemistry, a property is any aspect of a substance which is only seen by means of a chemical reaction.
Simply speaking, chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance.
This is different from a physical property, which can be discovered without changing the substance's chemical structure.
Usually a chemical property is discovered by changing the substance's internal structure.
When a substance goes under a chemical reaction, the properties will change drastically, resulting in chemical change.
They can be used to identify an unknown substance or to separate or purify it from other substances.
Examples of chemical properties
toxicity
coordination number
flammability
enthalpy of formation
heat of combustion
oxidation states
chemical stability
A bass drum is a type of musical instrument called a drum.
It is a large drum, makes low sounds, and is frequently used in the common drum kit.
Bass drum - The largest drum, which is also called a kick drum.
It is struck with a hammer that is moved by one's foot.
Snare drum - A drum with small cables of metal wires stretched across the bottom to make the loud "tat" sound.
It can also make a "click" sound if hit in a special way.
Tom Toms - Often simply called "toms", there are usually two of these drums across the top of the kit.
To the drummer's left (if he/she is right-handed) is the high tom that makes a higher sound; on the other side is the medium or middle tom with a slightly lower sound, depending on the tuning.
Sizes tend to range between 10 and 13 inches.
The number and positioning varies by the drummer; some drummers have several toms on their kit, such as an 8-inch tom giving an even higher sound (often used in jazz drumming).
Floor Tom - Usually placed to the right of the drummer, this is a tom that has its own legs or stand and produces a lower note than the other toms (usually the second lowest after the bass drum).
Sizes tend to range between 14 and 18 inches.
Hi-hat - Two cymbals, usually the same size, that can be pushed together (closed) with a pedal.
They can be hit with a drumstick.
This sound varies if the hi-hat open, closed, and in-between positions.
Another way to play it is to clap the cymbals together with the pedal.
The hi-hats are the most important cymbals on the kit, and are often used for detailed timing.
Some drummers have more than one hi-hat setup around their kit.
Crash Cymbal - A cymbal that makes a loud "crash" sound.
The sound of a crash cymbal varies by brand and product line.
The number of crash cymbals depends on the drummer's personal taste and need for the style of music being played.
Crash cymbals are very often used to mark the start of a new section of a song.
Ride Cymbal - A large, heavy cymbal that, typically, makes a light, airy sound, named from the fact that the drummer can "ride on it" or keep time on it.
It is often used an alternative to the hi-hat.
The middle of the ride cymbal is called the bell, and it makes a "ping" sound if hit.
Other cymbals and drums can be added to the setup for a wider range of sounds like the Splash, a small cymbal around 10"/25 cm giving a distinct crash sound with a quick decay, or a China cymbal, that gives an "oriental feel" to beats, rhythms, solos and fills.
The latter is much like a crash cymbal popped inside out with the screw and sponge holding it to the stand inside it, so it has a shallow bowl shape.
The drummer can do other things to the kit, such as attach a tambourine to the spine of the hi-hat, so when he/she puts his/her foot down on the pedal or hits it with a drumstick, the drummer gets the tambourine sound at the same time.
Cymbals can also have rivets inserted into them to give them a 'sizzling' sound, or a cowbell can be attached to the top of the bass drum between the snare and floor tom to use in fills, solos, grooves, etc.
There are many kinds of drumsticks.
Some sticks are made for certain instruments.
For instance, a drum kit stick may look very different from a snare drum stick.
Weight, length, and tip size are all altering factors in a stick.
A Khachkar or Khatchkar ("Խաչքար" in Armenian, meaning "cross-stone", pronounced as ) is a carved memorial stone found in Armenia.
It has a crucifix or cross, with a rosette or sun circle below it.
Other parts can be filled with patterns of leaves, grapes or knots.
Sometimes it has a ledge at the top with saints' or characters from the bible.
Much of the time a khachkar is put up for religious reasons such as the salvation of the soul of a living or a dead person.
They have also been removed for other reasons, such as to show a military win, building of a new church, or as a protection from natural disasters.
Most Khachkars are in graveyards.
But Armenian gravestones take many other forms, and only a small are khatchkars.
Khachkar.am
Khatchkar collection at Armenica.org
Back Dorm Boys () are two Chinese people who have made several well known spoof music videos in 2006.
Their name comes from their lip sync video of the Backstreet Boys' song "As Long As You Love Me".
They are often called the "Back Dormitory Boys".
Their spoof music videos have been selected by Motorola China to promote mobile phones.
The two members of the Back Dorm Boys are 韦炜 (Wei Wei) and 黄艺馨 (Huang Yi Xin).
They were university students at Guangzhou Arts Institute (广州美术学院) majoring in sculpture.
Their videos were very famous in China.
The became very famous around the world after the videos were shown on YouTube.
Natto ( (hiragana), 納豆 (kanji); nattō or nattou) is a traditional Japanese food made by fermenting soybeans.
Natto is known for its strong musty smell and unusual slimy texture, which yields mucous-like (or sticky) strings when stirred and eaten.
In order to mediate some of the strong flavors, it is usually eaten on top of rice with mentsuyu, a soy sauce-based condiment, or Japanese mustard to their liking.
Eating Natto as a custom is not so popular in Kansai area.
Whether it is popular or not depends on regions in Japan.
There are many kinds of Natto.
First, Natto is classified under two types of Natto, Itohiki Natto and Ji Natto.
Also Itohiki Natto has three kinds of Natto, Marudaizu Natto, Hikiwari Natto, and Goto Natto.
We usually eat Marudaizu Natto and Hikiwari Natto.
Natto may be bought in stores in Styrofoam boxes.
Sometimes, they come with a mustard packet and a packet of tsuyu to eat with the natto.
Although it is not customary to cook natto, natto may be prepared in food items like sushi or donburi.
Donburi is any Japanese dish served with rice in a bowl.
Natto can be made into a donburi by adding natto and other items like tuna or egg to rice inside a bowl. "
Nattojiru" is what people add natto to miso soup as a seasoning.
Also Natto is used for topping when we eat Soba, Udon, Spaghetti, Okonomiyaki and so on.
Spices, and Condiments.
is a neighborhood in the city of Musashino in Tokyo, Japan.
It has an important commercial activity, with many shops, restaurant and cultural activities, mostly north of its railway station.
Kichijōji also has some famous landmarks.
Inokashira Park, for example, is in the south part of the district, and is a favorite place for springtime hanami, or to see cherry-blossoms.
The Kanda River (神田川) begins to flow from this park.
The Seikei University (成蹊大学), one of Tokyo's biggest private universities, is in the northwestern area of the neighborhood.
Kichijoji travel information at Wikivoyage
is a type of thick, wheat-based noodle popular in Japanese cuisine.
Udon is most often served hot as a noodle soup in a mild, salty broth.
Its simplest form is called kake udon.
This consists only of dashi stock, soy sauce (shōyu), mirin, and udon noodles.
Different things can be put on top of the soup as toppings.
Often thinly cut scallions are used, along with other common toppings such as kamaboko, prawn or vegetable tempura, some spices, and wakame.
The flavor of the broth and toppings, as well as even noodle texture and thickness, is different from region to region.
Usually, dark brown broth made from dark soy sauce (koikuchi shōyu) is common in eastern Japan.
Light brown broth made from light soy sauce (usukuchi shōyu) is common in western Japan.
However, many other regional types exist outside of just broth color and mainly vary in toppings used.
Tempura Udon (topped with tempura such as prawn and squid)
Tororo Udon (served with grated yam on top)
Kitsune Udon (topped with deep-fried bean curd)
Tikara Udon (topped with rice cake)
Curry Udon (Udon soup is curry,which contains dashi)
Niku Udon (topped with beef that has been seasoned with mirin and sugar)
Tanuki Udon (topped with agedama)
Kamatama Udon (raw egg in boiled udons)
Bukkake Udon (consists of noodle soup)
Kamaage Udon (to eat without tighten the boiled noodles)
Tamagotoji Udon (udon closed with egg)
Tsukimi Udon (topped with raw egg)
Nabeyaki Udon (noodles braised in a pan with many toppings)
Yaki Udon (seasoned baked noodles in a sauce)
Nabe Udon (to eat with vegetables in a pan)
Zaru udon  (cold udon on zaru)
According to JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard), to be udon, a round noodle's diameter has to be over 1.7 mm and a flat noodle's width over 1.7 mm.
Udon dough is made from wheat flour and salt.
is a Japanese city in  on the island of Honshu.
It is about 40 kilometers west of the center of the 23 special wards of Tokyo.
The city is the 8th biggest city around the Tokyo metropolitan area.
It is the 24th largest city in Japan.
Hachiōji officially became a city on September 1, 1917, but it has been an important point on the Kōshū Highway, the main road that connected Edo (the old name of Tokyo) with Western Japan since before modern times, especially during the Edo period.
For a short period of time, a castle, Hachiōji Castle (八王子城; Hachiōji-jō) was in the area.
It was made in 1584 by Hōjō Ujiteru (北条氏照), but was soon broken in war by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1590.
In the Meiji period, Hachiōji grew larger because of silk and silk textiles.
However, the industry became less popular in the 1960s.
Today, Hachiōji is home for many Tokyo workers.
Settlements in Tokyo Prefecture
Nerima is called "the town of animation" because the earliest  anime businesses started up in the area.
Nerima is a western ward.
It borders Nakano and Suginami on the south.
Musashino and Nishitokyo are on the ward's western border.
Saitamo Prefecture is on the northern border.
Itabashi and Toshima are on the west.
List of special wards of Tokyo
Nerima website
Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Special wards
Wards of Tokyo
1947 establishments in Japan
is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan.
Suginami is in the western part of Tokyo's special wards.
It is next to Setagaya to the south.
Its western neighbors are the cities of Mitaka and Musashino.
Nerima is on the northern border.
Nakano is to the east.
http://www2.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/life/english.htm , http://www2.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/life/japan.htm
Suginami Animation Museum
The station is near the "Ikebukuro" station that is center of Tokyo.
Only local train stops this station.
Limited express, rapid express, semi express and rapid train pass this station.
The next station of this station to east is "Shinamachi".
The next station of this station to west is "Ekoda".
The area near the Higashi-nagasaki station is named "Nagasaki", but Nagasaki and Nagasaki Prefecture in Kyushu are not related. "
Nagasaki" in Toshima Ward is located in east Japan.
So this station's name have "Higashi"(means "east") to distinguish between this station and Nagasaki station in Kyushu.
Railway stations in Tokyo
Sagamihara (, Sagamihara-shi?)
is a city in Japan.
It is in north central Kanagawa Prefecture, bordering Tokyo, Japan.
It is the third most populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki.
Cities in Kanagawa Prefecture
is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, Japan.
It is southwest of the town of Hiranai.
It is a coastal city, and is near the Mutsu-wan (陸奥湾).
It has been recognized as a core city since 2006.
Surrounding municipalities
According to Japanese census data,
The Nebuta festival is one of the most famous festivals in Japan.
It takes place at the beginning of August.
More than 300,000 people come and see this festival every year.
This festival is called both “Nebuta” and ”Neputa”.
In Aomori city, they use the word “Nebuta”, and in Hirosaki city, they use the word “Neputa”.
Settlements in Aomori Prefecture
Land Registry or Her Majesty's Land Registry is a United Kingdom government office which started in 1862.
It publicly records interests in land in England and Wales.
It answers to the Ministry of Justice.
The office records the owner of land and legal rights over land.
It has recorded about half of the land in England and Wales, and they request owners to record the rest.
Persons make payments to the Land Registry to record land or for copies of the records.
The British Government does not make payments to the Land Registry.
The Land Registry has 24 offices in England and Wales and a head office at Lincoln’s Inn Fields in London, England.
It wants to shut the offices in York and Harrow.
In 1857 a government committee said there should be a record of land.
The Land Registry started after the Land Registry Act 1862.
The failure of this law led to a new law in 1875.
But this law was also a failure because persons could decide if they wanted to record their land, and most persons decided not to.
In 1897 a new law forced persons in London to record their land when they sold it.
Step by step this law was applied to the rest of England and Wales by 1990.
A new law – the Land Registration Act 2002 – modernised the law and made possible the electronic sale of land.
Land Registry website
Registers of Scotland website
Departments of the United Kingdom Government
Government agencies of the United Kingdom
1862 establishments in the United Kingdom
The Yamuna (), sometimes called Jamuna (, , ) or Jumna, is a major river in North India.
It is the largest branch of a bigger river called the Ganges.
It is 1370 km long.
It begins at the Yamunotri, which is in the Himalayas.
It goes through the Indian states of Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
At the end, it flows into the Ganges.
Rivers that come out of the Yamuna include the Tons (the largest of the ones that come out of it), Chambal, Betwa, and Ken.
The Geography of the Rigveda
Yamuna Action Plan
Ahmedabad is the largest city in the Gujarat state, in Western India.
The city is the administrative centre of Ahmedabad district, and was the capital of Gujarat from 1960 to 1970.
The city is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River, and it shares proximity with the Gandhinagar, the newly built state capital.
The city was founded by Sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411 A.D. But, the area around the city has been inhabited since the 11th century when it was known as Ashaval.
The city was built on an elevated plain known as Bhadra on the eastern bank of Sabarmati River.
In 1487, the city was fortified with an outer wall 10 km (6.2 mi) in circumference by Mahmud Begada, the grandson of Sultan.
The fortification consisted of twelve gates, 189 bastions and over 6,000 battlements.
In 1573, the city was annexed by the Mughal Empire.
But, in the year 1758, Mughals surrendered the city to Marathas after the brief joint-rule from 1739-44.
Since July 1950, the city is governed by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) in urban area and Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) in suburbs area.
Both, provides a number of urban services such as water supply, roads construction, sanitation, primary education, city transport etc.
In totality,  the administration pf the city is divided into 14 talukas which includes 556 villages, 1 corporation, 1 cantonment area, and 7 municipalities.
For a long time, the city has been known for its textile mills and have been dubbed as "Manchester of the East".
In 1861, the first textile mill was opened and gradually, the whole sector grew through city's own traditional culture and passion for entrepreneurship.
Besides textile, Ahmedabad is also known for being automotive and pharmaceutical manufacturing hub.
The city is connected with pan-India railway network.
It has three stations - Kalupur Station, Maninagar Station and Sabarmati Station.
The Kalupur station is in the center of the city which will be convergence point for Ahmedabad Metro, Ahmedabad BRTS, and upcoming high-speed rail system.
The city is served by Sardar Vallabbhai Patel International Airport.
The airport is located 9 km from city center and also caters the state capital Gandhinagar.
It was started in the year 1937 with the inaugural flight Bombay-Ahmedabad-Karachi, piloted by J. R. D. Tata.
Ahemdabad Collectorate
Ahmedabad at Wikimapia
Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project
Dachau (German pronunciation: [ˈdaxaʊ]; Bavarian: Dochau) is a city in the south of Germany, about  north-west of Munich.
It has about 40,000 inhabitants.
The town contains a historic town centre with an 18th century castle.
Dachau was founded in the 8th century.
In 1933, a concentration camp was built in Dachau.
It was the first camp of the Nazis and became the prototype for all other camps.
More than 30,000 prisoners died, or were killed.
Town Web site
Like most of the flying insects (flies, beetles, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera), they evolved in the early Mesozoic era.
Their prototypes, the  giant dragonflies of the Carboniferous, 325 mya, are no longer put in the Odonata.
These are now called Protodonata or Meganisoptera.
Dragonflies: they are Anisoptera (= usually larger, eyes together & wings up or out at rest)
Damselflies: they are Zygoptera (= usually smaller, eyes apart & wings along body at rest)
All Odonata have aquatic larvae called 'nymphs', and all of them, larvae and adults, are carnivorous.
The adults can land, but rarely walk.
Their legs are specialised for catching prey.
They are almost entirely insectivorous.
These insects characteristically have large rounded heads covered mostly by big compound eyes, legs that catch prey (other insects) in flight, two pairs of long, transparent wings that move independently, and long abdomens.
They have two ocelli (eye spots) and short antennae.
The mouthparts are on the underside of the head and include simple chewing mandibles in the adult.
International Journal of Odonatology
Odonata Central
Odonatologica
Worldwide Dragonfly Association
An unusually good account on YouTube.
Jonathan William "Will" Ferrell (; born , 1967) is an American Comedian, Impressionist, Actor, Producer, and Writer.
He began his successful career as a cast member of Saturday Night Live.
He has since appeared in many different movies, such as Blades of Glory, Elf, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Talledega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby, and Old School.
Ferrell was born in Irvine, California on July 16, 1967.
He is the son of Betty Kay (nee Overman), a teacher who taught at Old Mill School elementary school and Santa Ana College, and Roy Lee Ferrell Jr., a musician with The Righteous Brothers.
His parents were both natives of Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, and moved to California in 1964.
He has a younger brother named Patrick.
When he was 8, his parents divorced.
Ferrell said of the divorce: "I was the type of kid who would say, 'Hey, look at the bright side!
We'll have two Christmases'."
Saturday Night Live (cast member from 1995 to 2002)
Cow and Chicken (1997–2001) (voice in various episodes)
Saturday Night Live: Presidential Bash 2000 (2000)
Undeclared (guest star)
The Oblongs (2001–2002) (voice)
King of the Hill (voice)
The Tom Green Show (guest star)
The Naked Trucker and T-Bones Show (guest star)
Ant and Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (voiceover and guest)
Family Guy (voices in various episodes)
Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen, the lightest element.
Tritium has one proton and two neutrons.
It heavier than ordinary hydrogen or its isotope deuterium.
Hydrogen does not have any neutrons, only a proton.
The chemical symbol for Tritium is 3H or T.
In nature, tritium is made when cosmic rays hit nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere.
Tritium has a half-life of a little more than twelve years, so there is not much in the atmosphere.
People make much more tritium in nuclear reactors, so that they can make things from it.
Ways of using tritium
Tritium is important for nuclear fusion power.
Tritium is added to nuclear bombs to make them more powerful when they explode.
Tritium is often used with phosphors to make glow in the dark key-rings, and sights on rifles.
Tritium makes the phosphors glow because it is radioactively unstable and gives energy to the phosphor so it can make light.
Before lots of tritium could be made, people used radium to make things light up but this gave people cancer.
Radioactive decay produces tritium.
High levels of tritium were found in 2013 in the Pacific near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant two years after the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
Tritium -Citizendium
Wood fibres are made of cellulose got from the xylem vessels in plants, especially trees.
Other plants providing fibres include straw, bamboo, cotton, hemp, and sugar cane.
Christian theology is the study of Christian belief.
Christian theologians use analysis and argument to understand, explain, test, critique, defend, or promote Christianity.
Christian theology starts with the New Testament.
Saint Paul, in his letters, and his speeches  (Acts of the Apostles), draws upon his training as a rabbi and on his experience of Christ.
He started outside Damascus to explain to Jews and Gentiles the meaning of the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus.
In the History of Christianity, later writers such as Luther and John Calvin have stressed the Bible as the basis of theology.
The bible as a source is not without controversy.
Catholic and Orthodox theologians have also stressed the importance of Church tradition for the faith.
Thomas Aquinas and Saint Augustine are among the most important writers within the Roman Catholic Church.
Differences in theology have led to the many denominations within Christianity.
This started with the separation of Jesus' followers from Judaism.
Later came the Great Schism and  the Reformation.
After Luther's quarrel with the Pope, Reformed churches like the Lutherans and Baptists are established.
Calvinism is very important within Protestantism, although the followers of Jacob Arminius do not accept it.
Attempts at compromise in England between the Catholics and Puritans lead to the establishment of the Church of England.
Later movements include Methodism, Liberal Christianity,  Pentecostalism, and Liberation theology.
The question of evidence
Most scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed.
There is no indication that writers in antiquity who opposed Christianity questioned the existence of Jesus.
However, there is no physical or archeological evidence for Jesus, and all the sources we have are documentary.
The sources for the historical Jesus are mainly Christian writings, such as the gospels and the letters of the apostles.
All sources that mention Jesus were written after his death.
The New Testament represents sources from the wide variety of writings in the first centuries AD that are related to Jesus.
The authenticity and reliability of these sources have been questioned by many scholars, and few events mentioned in the gospels are universally accepted.
Strauss' Life of Jesus was the book which raised all these issues to the surface.
In its 451 pages Strauss argued that:
The Old Testament was Jewish mythology, for which there was no adequate evidence at all.
Miracles in the New Testament were mythical additions, not factual.
None of the New Testament was written at the time of the events.
The Church as it was in the 19th century had little connection with Jesus.
Kümmel W.G. 1957.
The New Testament: the history of the investigation of its problems.
Lürmann, Dieter 1989.
An itinerary for New Testament study.
SCM Press & Trinity Press International.
McGrath, Alister Christian theology: an introduction.
Catholic encyclopaedia
Spindleworks (Reformed)
Orthodox resources
Catholicism and Feminism
Queer theology at the crossroads
Professional wrestling, pro wrestling is wrestling done as performance art.
It is different from other sports because it is a fixed sport.
It is sometimes known as sports entertainment.
Like other athletes, most wrestlers train each day to maintain their physical condition.
They practice for years to learn to execute moves safely while still making them look dangerous.
They suffer many injuries, sometimes severe.
Professional wrestling is done as a show, like a play.
Many wrestlers will wrestle in many fights, called matches.
They wrestle inside a 'wrestling ring', which is a place with ropes around it.
The best wrestlers can win belts, called 'championship titles', to show that they are the best.