the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The kings who are most written about in the books of Kings are the kings who either kept the covenant well, broke it very badly, or had an important encounter with one of God's prophets.
Ahab son of Omri and Manasseh broke the covenant so that it was dangerous to Israel, so the author wrote a lot about them both; Hezekiah (2 Kings 18:1-20:21) and Josiah (2 Kings 22:1 - 23:29) are written a lot about because they tried to remind the people of their covenant promises.
They are the only two kings who the writer is really happy with for their loyalty to the Lord.
Another important part of 1 and 2 Kings is that the writer shows the relationship between prophecy and how it comes true in history.
At least 11 prophecies are written to be true.
The writer also shows the importance of the prophets as messengers from God to tell the kings and people of Israel to come back to God.
Usually, nobody listened to their warnings (for example, Ahijah, Shemaiah, Micaiah, Jonah, Isaiah, Huldah), but the writer writes very much about the prophets Elijah and Elisha.
A well known story is that of Elijah on Mount Carmel, when he calls upon God and a miracle occurs, thereby showing that the God of Israel to be the one true God.
Shortly before the miracle another tribe had called upon their false gods, which leads to no miracle occurring.
Under My Skin is a 2004 album by Avril Lavigne.
Under My Skin debuted at number-one on the Billboard 200 albums chart and according to Billboard magazine, was ranked number 149 on the list of top-selling album of the 2000s.
"Take Me Away" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) – 2:57
"Together" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:14
"Don't Tell Me" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) – 3:21
"He Wasn't" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:00
"How Does It Feel" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:44
"My Happy Ending" (Lavigne, Walker) – 4:02
"Nobody's Home" (Lavigne, Moody) – 3:32
"Forgotten" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:17
"Who Knows" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:30
"Fall to Pieces" (Lavigne, Maida) – 3:28
"Freak Out" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld, Brann) – 3:13
"Slipped Away" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:34
"I Always Get What I Want"  – 2:31 – Japanese and UK bonus track.
Also released as a B-side of the "Nobody's Home" single.
"Take It" - 2:50 (B-side of "My Happy Ending")
"Nobody's Home" (Live Acoustic Version)– Under My Skin Special Edition
"Take Me Away" (Live)– Under My Skin Special Edition
"He Wasn't" (Live) – Under My Skin Special Edition
"Tomorrow" (Live)– Under My Skin Special Edition
B-Sides and outtakes
"I Always Get What I Want" (Avril Lavigne, Clif Magness) – 2:31
"Take It" (Avril Lavigne, Clif Magness) - 2:50
"Daydream" (Avril Lavigne, Chantal Kreviazuk) - 3:02
"Breakaway" (Avril Lavigne, Matthew Gerrard) Avril wrote this song for Under My Skin, but it was rejected.
This song appears in the album Breakaway by Kelly Clarkson and it was released as the first single of the album.
The World Music Awards is an international awards show that honors recording artists every year.
The awards are given out based on artists' worldwide sales figures, which are provided by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI).
The World Music Awards was founded in 1989.
John Martinotti is an executive producer and co-founder of the show.
1989 establishments
The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is a 2004 movie based on Nickelodeon's SpongeBob SquarePants television series.
Tom Kenny as SpongeBob SquarePants
Clancy Brown as Mr. Krabs
Rodger Bumpass as Squidward Tentacles
Bill Fagerbakke as Patrick Star
Mr. Lawrence as Sheldon J. Plankton
Jill Talley as Karen
Carolyn Lawrence as Sandy Cheeks
Mary Jo Catlett as Mrs. Puff
Jeffrey Tambor as King Neptune
David Ogden Stiers as Prince Charming
Scarlett Johansson as Princess Mindy
Alec Baldwin as Dennis
David Hasselhoff as himself
Lori Alan as Pearl
Dee Bradley Baker as Perch Perkins
Carlos Alazraqui as King Neptune's squire
Neil Ross as the Cyclops
Chatterbox SpongeBob
SpongeBob square dance
Crown caper Plankton
Bucket breaking Patrick
Soft shell Gary
Paws of fury Sandy
SpongeBob puzzle box
Krusty krab lunch rush
Wigglin' gigglin' SpongeBob
Seein' eye Plankton
Patrick patty wagon
Eye surprise SpongeBob
On February 28, 2012, a sequel to The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie was said that it is being made.
It started showing in theaters on February 13, 2015.
SpongeBob SquarePants movies
Movies set in the 2000s
Montecito is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Barbara County, California.
As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was approximately 10,000, although the boundaries are ill-defined.
Montecito is among the richest communities in the United States and is home to many celebrities.
It is east of, and directly adjacent to the city of Santa Barbara, occupying the eastern portion of the coastal plain south of the Santa Ynez Mountains.
Portions of the town are built on the lower foothills of the range.
Notable roads spanning the length of Montecito include Mountain Drive, Sycamore Canyon Road, and East Valley Road.
Settlements in Santa Barbara County, California
The Goo Goo Dolls are a rock band formed in 1986 in Buffalo, New York by John Rzeznik and Robby Takac. "
Iris" is one of their most popular songs.
Radio Disney was an American radio network based in Dallas, Texas, in the United States broadcasting music and other content targeted at children and young teenagers.
It is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company.
They closed in 2021.
KRDC, 1110 AM, Los Angeles
Radio stations in the United States
Losing Grip is a 2003 single by Avril Lavigne.
It is the fourth single from her first studio album Let Go.
On the Billboard charts, Losing Grip was able to peak at #17 on the Mainstream Top 40, #33 on the Adult Top 40, and at #64 on the Hot 100 charts.
At the 2004 Grammy Awards, Losing Grip was nominated for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.
The Books of the Bible are the different sections of the Bible.
Each book has a different name.
Most of the time the book is named after the person who maybe wrote the book.
Although that is not always the case.
Different religions, and different denominations of Christianity, have different books or sections in the Bible.
These different groups accept different books.
These groups also use different names for the same books.
The stories in the "Books of the Bible" are very similar for all religious groups.
Some people use a trick and ideas to memorize the Bible.
Below, there is a list or table that compares the Books of the Bible in Judaism and in the Catholic, Protestant, Greek Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, Georgian, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac, and Ethiopian Churches.
The table covers both the Old Testament and the New Testament.
For a detailed discussion of the differences, see "Biblical canon".
The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic churches may have small differences in the lists of books that they accept.
If at least one Eastern church accepts a book, then that book is listed in this table.
The Eastern churches accept all of the books that the Roman Catholic Church accepts.
If a table cell has an asterisk (*), it means that a book is used, but in a different order.
Empty cells mean that the book is not used.
These books are often called apocrypha.
This word is sometimes used specifically (and possibly negatively) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canon that are not in the Protestant Bible.
Orthodox and Catholic Christians call these books deuterocanonical, which means second canon.
The Peshitta does not have 2-3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, and Revelation, but Bibles of the modern Syriac Orthodox Church do have later translations of those books.
They also have the Letter of Baruch (Baruch, is called a deuterocanonical book of the Bible).
Today the Syrian Orthodox Church only uses lessons from the twenty-two books of Peshitta in its official lectionary (list of Church readings).
Anglican Apocrypha
The Anglican Church accepts the same order of books as the Vulgate (Catholic 16th Century) Bible.
The 39 Articles (an Anglican list of doctrines or important beliefs) says that these Books of the Bible are Apocrypha:
I. Esdras
The Rest of Esther
Ecclesiasticus (:)
Baruch, with the Letter of Jeremiah
The Song of the Three Jews, with the Prayer of Azariah
The Story of Susanna
The Prayer of Manasseh
Maccabees
The Canon of Scripture – a Catholic perspective
Table of Tanakh Books - includes Latin, English, Hebrew and abbreviated names (from Tel Aviv University).
Judaica Press Translation - Online Jewish translation of the books of the Bible.
The Tanakh and Rashi's entire commentary.
Slavonic Bible  (in Russian)
Books of the Apocrypha  (from the UMC)
Western Armenian Bible (an essay, with full official canon at the end)
Catholic books of the Bible
Bible facts (Facts on the Bible)
Bambi's Children, The Story of a Forest Family () is a book written by Felix Salten, first printed and translated from German to English in 1939.
It is a sequel to Salten's book Bambi, A Life in the Woods.
It was first published in German only in the following year.
The main characters are Bambi's twin fawns, Geno, male, and Gurri, female; it also stars their friends, another pair of fawns named Lana and Boso.
Lana and Boso are the children of Aunt Rolla, a doe met later in the course of the novel.
Two more new characters are introduced—Nello and Membo, the orphans.
The overall storyline is how Geno and Gurri learn the pleasures as well as downsides of nature and their forest home.
Bambi, A Life in the Woods, the original story of Bambi, is much darker than the sequel.
Unlike its predecessor, Bambi's Children ends when Geno begins to grow his antlers, whereas Bambi, A Life in the Woods continues until Bambi's children are born.
In the end, Faline, knowing the time is right, sends off her children to live their own lives.
What may be interesting to readers is that it is not possible to determine whether Bambi's Children is a sequel to the book Bambi or a midquel as there are no references to the former which makes one able to place the latter.
The language of Bambi's Children is more gentle than that of Bambi, A Life in the Woods.
The book was first published in 1549 during the reign of Edward VI of England.
It was the first prayer book to contain the forms of service for daily and Sunday worship in English and to do so within a single volume.
Thế hệ 9X (The 9X Generation) is the group of people born between the years 1990 and 1999.
This is a Vietnamese term.
Littlest Pet Shop is an video game that was made by Electronic Arts.
It is part of the Littlest Pet Shop series.
The video game was released on the PC, Wii, and Nintendo DS.
The game was released on October 14, 2008 in North America.
In August 2007, Electronic Arts gained the rights to some Hasbro brands, like Monopoly, Littlest Pet Shop, and Nerf.
In February, EA Casual Entertainment announced that their EA Salt Lake Studio would develop and release Littlest Pet Shop and Nerf N-Strike.
The Nintendo DS was 3 separate titles.
Each version had different pets.
It also featured DGamer, the online service from Disney.
Unforgiven (2008) was the eleventh Unforgiven professional wrestling pay-per-view event by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
It took place on September 7, 2008 at the Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio and used talent from the Raw, SmackDown!,
(*)Jericho was a replacement for the defending champion, CM Punk, who was attacked by Randy Orton, Ted DiBiase, Cody Rhodes and Manu earlier during the PPV, and could not compete in the Scramble.
(**)Mysterio was a replacement for John Cena, who was injured by Batista in their match at SummerSlam.
The official website of WWE Unforgiven
2000s in Cleveland, Ohio
WWE Unforgiven is a professional wrestling pay-per-view.
It now happens every year in September.
The event was put on by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
The event was exclusive to the Raw brand from 2003 to 2006.
The first event was an In Your House pay-per-view event.
It took place on April 26, 1998.
It featured the first Inferno match.
The combatants were The Undertaker and his brother (kayfabe) Kane.
The event was succeeded by WWE Breaking Point.
Event dates and locations
WWE Unforgiven Official website
WWE Unforgiven history
A fill in popular music is a short instrumental passage, between melody lines of a song. (
A longer passage between verses is called a solo.)
Fills are usually played with a keyboard instrument or a guitar, but other instruments (such as a saxophone) may also be used.
Drum fills are sometimes called "drum rolls", but a roll is actually a steady beat on a single drum, while a fill may use more than one drum or beat.
The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States is a treaty.
Today, it is part of customary international law.
The treaty was signed at Montevideo, Uruguay, on December 26, 1933, at the Seventh International Conference of American States.
At this conference, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull declared the so-called Good Neighbor Policy which opposed U.S. armed intervention in inter-American affairs.
Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to reverse the perception of "Yankee imperialism" with this treaty.
The view of Yankee imperialism was brought about by policies instituted (largely) by his predecessor, President Herbert Hoover.
The convention was signed by 19 states, three with reservations (Brazil, Peru and the United States).
The convention is about what a state is and what rights and duties a state has.
The most well-known is article 1, which sets out the four criteria for statehood that have sometimes been recognized as an accurate statement of customary international law:
The state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states.
In addition, the first sentence of article 3 states explicitly that "The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states."
This is known as the declarative theory of statehood.
Some have questioned whether these criteria are enough, as they allow less-recognized entities like the Republic of China (Taiwan) or under- or unrepresented entities like the Principality of Sealand, Somaliland or Liberland to claim full status as states.
According to the alternative constitutive theory of statehood, a state exists only insofar as it is recognized by other states.
It should not be confused with the Estrada doctrine.
Some people have attempted make the definition of statehood broader, although they have less support.
Founders of non-territorial micronations often say that the requirement in the Montevideo Convention of a defined territory is unjust.
Some non-territorial entities, notably the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, are considered subjects of international law, but they do not aspire to be states.
The Montevideo Convention only codified existing norms, there is nothing new in the convention.
For this reason, it does not only apply to those who signed it, but to all subjects of international law as a whole.
The European Union, in the principal statement of its Badinter Committee, follows the Montevideo Convention in its definition of a state: by having a territory, a population, and a political authority.
The committee also found that the existence of states was a question of fact, while the recognition by other states was purely declaratory and not a determinative factor of statehood.
Switzerland, although not a member of the European Union, adheres to the same principle, stating that "neither a political unit needs to be recognized to become a state, nor does a state have the obligation to recognize another one.
At the same time, neither recognition is enough to create a state, nor does its absence abolish it."
Dollar diplomacy
1933 in the United States
A gig is a word that bands use when talking about their live shows.
The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians defines a gig as "A term commonly applied to a musical engagement of one night’s duration only; to undertake such an engagement."
In architecture, a folly is a building usually constructed strictly for aesthetic pleasure.
Originally, buildings were made to provide  shelter or to house people.
Follies are just decoration; they no longer have a building's original function.
They were first constructed to put accents into parks and estates. "
Folly" is used in the sense of fun or light-heartedness, not in the sense of something ill-advised.
They are buildings, or parts of buildings.
This makes them clearly different from other garden ornaments such as sculpture.
They have no purpose other than as an ornament.
Often they have some of the appearance of a building constructed for a particular purpose, but this appearance is a sham.
They are purpose-built.
Follies are deliberately built as ornaments.
They are often eccentric in design or construction.
This is not strictly necessary; however, it is common for these structures to call attention to themselves through unusual details or form.
There is often an element of fakery in their construction.
Perhaps the best example of this is the make-believe ruin: a folly which pretends to be the remains of an old building but which was in fact constructed in that state.
In England, these structures are also called "eye-catchers".
This points to their basically decorative nature.
Related types
Follies fall within the general realm of fanciful and impractical architecture, and whether a particular structure is a folly is sometimes a matter of opinion.
However, there are several types which are related but which can be distinguished from follies.
Fantasy and novelty buildings are essentially the converse of follies.
Follies often look like real, usable buildings, but never are; novelty buildings are usable, but have fantastic shapes.
The many American shops and water towers in the shapes of commonplace items, for example, are not properly follies.
Eccentric structures may resemble follies, but the mere presence of eccentricity is not proof that a building is a folly.
Many mansions and castles are quite eccentric, but being purpose-built to be used as residences, they are not properly follies.
Some structures are popularly referred to as "follies" because they failed to fulfill their intended use.
Their design and construction may be foolish, but in the architectural sense, they are not follies.
Visionary art structures frequently blur the line between artwork and folly, if only because it is rather often hard to tell what intent the artist had.
The word "folly" carries the connotation that there is something frivolous about the builder's intent, and it is hard to say whether a structure like the Watts Towers was constructed "seriously".
Some works (such as the massive complex by Ferdinand Cheval) are considered as follies because they are in the form of useful buildings, but are plainly constructions of extreme and intentional impracticality.
Amusement parks, fairgrounds, and expositions often have fantastical buildings and structures.
Some of these are follies, and some are not; the distinction, again, comes in their usage.
Shops, restaurants, and other amusements are often housed in strikingly odd and eccentric structures, but these are not follies.
On the other hand, fake structures which serve no other purpose than decoration are also common, and these are follies.
Follies began as decorative accents on the great estates of the late 16th and early 17th centuries but they flourished especially in the two centuries which followed.
Many estates were blessed with picturesque ruins of monastic houses and (in Italy) Roman villas; others, lacking such buildings, constructed their own sham versions of these romantic structures.
Such structures were often dubbed "[name of architect or builder]'s Folly", after the single individual who commissioned or designed the project.
Apart from their decorative aspect, many originally had a use which was lost later, such as hunting towers.
Follies are misunderstood structures, according to The Folly Fellowship, a charity that exists to celebrate the history and splendour of these often neglected buildings.
Follies are often found in parks or large grounds of houses and stately homes.
Some were deliberately built to look partially ruined.
They were especially popular from the end of the 16th century to the 18th century.
Theme parks and world's fairs have often contained "follies", although such structures do serve a purpose of attracting people to those parks and fairs.
Famine Follies
The Irish Potato Famine of 1845-49 led to the building of several follies.
The society of the day held that laissez faire, not a welfare state, was the appropriate form of civil management.
The concept of a welfare state was a century away, and at that time reward without labour, even to those in need, was seen as misguided.
However, to hire the needy for work on useful projects would deprive existing workers of their jobs.
Thus, construction projects termed "famine follies" came to be built.
These include: roads in the middle of nowhere, between two seemingly random points; screen and estate walls; piers in the middle of bogs; etc.
Désert de Retz, folly garden in Chambourcy near Paris, France (18th century)
Parc de la Villette in Paris has a number of modern follies by architect Bernard Tschumi.
Ferdinand Cheval in Châteauneuf-de-Galaure, built what he called an Ideal Palace, seen as an example of naive architecture.
Kellie's Castle, Perak
Bory Castle at Székesfehérvár
Taródi Castle at Sopron
Vajdahunyad vára in the City Park of Budapest
Overbury's Folly, Thalassery, Kerala
Casino at Marino
Conolly's Folly
The Bomarzo Gardens
Iulia Hasdeu Castle
Ruined towers in Peterhof, Tsarskoe Selo, Gatchina, and Tsaritsino
Creaking Pagoda and Chinese Village in Tsarskoe Selo
Dutch Admiralty in Tsarskoe Selo
Swallow's Nest near Yalta
Ashton Memorial, Lancaster, England
Beckford's Tower, Somerset, England
Broadway Tower, The Cotswolds, England
Bettisons Folly, Hornsea, England
Black Castle Public House, Bristol, England
The Cage at Lyme Park, Cheshire, England
The Castle at Roundhay Park, Leeds, England
Clavell Tower, Dorset, England
Clytha Castle Monmouthshire
The Caldwell Tower, Lugton, Renfrewshire, Scotland.
Dunmore Pineapple, Falkirk, Scotland
Faringdon Folly, Faringdon, Oxfordshire
Flounder's Folly, Shropshire, England
The Folly Tower at Pontypool, Wales
Fonthill Abbey, Wiltshire, England
Fort Belvedere, Surrey, England
Freston Tower, near Ipswich, Suffolk
Gothic Tower at Goldney Hall, Bristol
The Great Pagoda at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London¨
Gwrych Castle, one of Europe's largest follies, Abergele, North Wales
Hawkstone Park, follies and gardens in Shropshire, England
Hume Castle.
Berwickshire, Scotland
King Alfred's Tower, Stourhead, Wiltshire, England
McCaig's Tower, Oban, Scotland
Mow Cop Castle, Cheshire, England
National Monument, Edinburgh, Scotland
Old John, Bradgate Park, Leicestershire, England
Penshaw Monument, Penshaw, Sunderland, England
Perrott's Folly, Birmingham, England
Pope's Grotto, Twickenham, south west London, England.
Portmeirion, Wales
Rushton Triangular Lodge, Northamptonshire (16th century)
Severndroog Castle, Shooter's Hill, south-east London
Stowe School has several follies in the grounds
Sway Tower, New Forest, England
Tattingstone Wonder, near Ipswich, Suffolk
The Temple near Castle Semple Loch, Renfrewshire, Scotland.
Wentworth Follies, Wentworth, South Yorkshire
Williamson's tunnels, probably the largest underground folly in the world, Liverpool, England
Belvedere Castle, New York City
Lawson Tower, Scituate, Massachusetts
Lucy the Elephant, Margate City, New Jersey
Bishop Castle, outside of Pueblo, Colorado
Körner's Folly, Kernersville, North Carolina
The Folly Fellowship- An organization which celebrates architectural follies
Follies in the English Landscape
Follies and Monuments - A comprehensive catalogue of Follies within the UK
Images of follies on Odd-stuff!
European Follies - Book to be published 2007
Barton, Stuart Monumental Follies Lyle Publications, 1972
Folly Fellowship, The Follies Magazine, published quarterly
Folly Fellowship, The Follies Journal, published annually
Folly Fellowship, The Foll-e, an electronic bulletin published monthly and available free to all
Hatt, E. M. Follies National Benzole, London 1963
Headley, Gwyn & Meulenkamp, Wim, Follies Grottoes & Garden Buildings, Aurum Press, London 1999
Headley, Gwyn & Meulenkamp, Wim, Follies — A Guide to Rogue Architecture, Jonathan Cape, London 1990
Headley, Gwyn & Meulenkamp, Wim, Follies — A National Trust Guide, Jonathan Cape, London 1986
Headley, Gwyn Architectural Follies in America, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1996
Howley, James The Follies and Garden Buildings of Ireland Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1993
Jackson, Hazelle Shellhouses and Grottoes, Shire Books, England, 2001
Jones, Barbara Follies & Grottoes, Constable, London 1953 & 1974
Meulenkamp, Wim Follies — Bizarre Bouwwerken in Nederland en België, Arbeiderpers, Amsterdam, 1995
Littlest Pet Shop are a line of toys sold by Hasbro.
They are marketed for girls.
The toys were first sold in 1992.
They were sold for four years before Hasbro stopped selling them.
In 2005, the company started selling them again.
Since 2005, over 60 million of the toys have been sold at about $4 each.
The Littlest Pet Shop toys are one of the main types of toys sold by Hasbro.
The toys
Each toy is a one inch statue of an animal.
Most of these animals are commonly found in pet stores.
For example, puppies, kittens, turtles and hamsters.
They also sell other types of animal toys, for example horses, penguins and even skunks.
There are many different types of each animal.
The company has made more than 300 different versions of the animals.
It changes the ones it sells every few months.
A Littlest Pet shop (also LPS) is a little toy.
There are cats, dogs, birds, pigs, mice, and also snails.
There are also playsets.
Here are some playsets.
Jungle playplace: comes with a steak, a tiger, playhouse, and a monkey.
The company has a website that can be used by people who buy the toys.
This website lets the user create pets and play games.
In 1995, an animated television series was made based on the toys.
In 2012, another show was made that aired on Sprout.
At E3 in July 2008, Electronic Arts said it was making a video game based on Littlest Pet Shop.
The game is  for the Nintendo DS, Wii, and the PC.
It was released on October 14, 2008.
it:Cucciolandia
Bambi, A Life in the Woods, a book by Felix Salten, and its sequel Bambi's Children
Bambi (character), the main character of the book and movies
Bambi and Bambi II, Disney movies based on the book
"Bambi", a song by Prince's on the 1979 album Prince
Marie-Pier Ysser (born 1935), French entertainer and academic
Lance Alworth (born 1940), American football player
Laurie Bembenek (born 1958), American convicted murderer
Bambee (fl.
c. 2000), Desirée Sparre-Enger, Norwegian singer
Bambi, James-Bond-film character
J.D. (Scrubs), John Dorian
Bambi (prize)
Bambi (company), Serbian baker
Pete Seeger (Peter Seeger; May 3, 1919 – January 27, 2014) was an American folk musician and songwriter.
He was a longtime friend of Woody Guthrie, and founder of The Almanac Singers and The Weavers, two famous folk bands.
Seeger's usual musical instrument is a banjo.
Seeger was born Peter Seeger on May 3, 1919 in Manhattan, New York City.
His parents were Protestants.
His parents enrolled him at Avon Old Farms Boarding School in Avon, Connecticut.
Seeger studied for a short while at Harvard University.
He soon dropped out.
In 1943, Seeger married his wife Toshi Aline.
He organized or played at many benefit concerts, to help people who had been hurt by bad business practices or governmental policies, or sometimes by disasters.
He also wrote songs to promote the things he believed in, and to protest things he opposed.
Seeger was a leftist, not afraid to speak his views openly, or to support unpopular causes such as Communism.
Seeger's musical career was sometimes limited by his views.
The American Federal Bureau of Investigation kept a  on Seeger, and the House Un-American Activities Committee put pressure on him, because of his beliefs.
He refused to change his views, or to stop doing what he believed was right.
Because of this, Seeger was  in many places, and could not play music there.
He was also not allowed to appear on television for most of the 1950s and 1960s.
One rare appearance, on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, was  because the song he played, "Waist Deep In The Big Muddy", was an allegory against the Vietnam War, which most Americans supported at the time.
Seeger's original songs include "Where Have All The Flowers Gone?", "
The Hammer Song" (also called "If I Had A Hammer"), and "Turn, Turn, Turn", whose words were adapted from Ecclesiastes in the Bible.
Other musicians played and recorded his songs, including Judy Collins, Peter, Paul and Mary, and The Byrds.
Seeger started Broadside, a magazine devoted to folk music, and also Sing Out!
to promote music and singing by the public.
As years went by, social trends changed in America, and Seeger's views became more acceptable.
He was finally able to make television appearances, and was admired for his  to folk music, and to causes.
He played music together with Arlo Guthrie, the son of Woody Guthrie, performing Woody's old songs and others.
He received awards for his music, including the American National Medal for the Arts, and a Kennedy Center Honor.
He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and even the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as an influence to rock musicians.
Seeger and Toshi had four children.
He was an active as a musician and as a  for important matters, like the environment, , and people who need a  to support them.
His wife Toshi Seeger died on July 9, 2013.
Seeger lived in New York City.
Seeger died in New York City on January 27, 2014, of natural causes, aged 94.
"Pete Seeger: How Can I Keep From Singing?"
Website by Seeger biographer David Dunaway
Pete Seeger Appreciation Page, a site originally created by Jim Capaldi
"Pete Seeger: The Power of Song" documentary filmmaker Jim Brown interview on The Alcove with Mark Molaro, 2007
Folk Legend Pete Seeger Looks Back – National Public Radio interview, July 2, 2005
Peter Seeger interviewed by Australian composer Andrew Ford (MP3 of interview first broadcast in 1999)
"Legendary Folk Singer & Activist Pete Seeger Turns 90, Thousands Turn Out for All-Star Tribute Featuring Bruce Springsteen, Joan Baez, Bernice Johnson Reagon and Dozens More" on Democracy Now!,
May 2009 (video, audio, and print transcript)
1-hour Internet radio interview- Seeger discusses the music industry, the world in general, and more (August 2007).
"Strawberry Fields Forever" is a song composed by John Lennon, recorded by his band The Beatles in 1966 at Abbey Road Studios, and issued by Parlophone Records and Capitol Records in February 1967, as the  to "Penny Lane".
Lennon began work on "Strawberry Fields Forever" while he was in Almería, Spain, during the time he was appearing in a Dick Lester comedy movie, How I Won the War, which starred Michael Crawford.
The lyrics drew on Lennon's memories of Strawberry Field, a Salvation Army home in Liverpool, England, where Lennon went as a boy to  with neighborhood friends. "
We always had fun at Strawberry Fields", he later told Playboy Magazine.
They also drew on his feelings of  and being different. "
No one I think is in my tree, I mean it must be high or low" he explained as not being able to find other people who looked at life the way he did.
Lennon's first demo of "Strawberry Fields Forever" was made with a simple tape recorder, by Lennon himself.
He explored different  of instruments, with the Beatles and George Martin in the recording studio, as they began  for Sgt.
One recorded version of the song used a slide guitar.
Another used a Mellotron, and was considered a finished work.
Lennon wanted to try another arrangement, though, and asked Martin to compose a score for brass instruments, for another session.
This  was also considered finished.
Lennon could not decide which of the two finished versions of the song was best.
He liked how the first one began, but preferred the ending of the second, and asked George Martin if they could be edited together.
Martin did not see an easy way to do that, because the key and tempo of each version was different.
It turned out that studio technology made it possible to join the two versions in an effective way.
The first version was speeded up on tape, raising its pitch and tempo, and the second slowed down, lowering its pitch and tempo.
With edits between verses, Martin changed from one version to the other.
Most listeners never noticed the change, or knew about the edit.
To go with the recording, the Beatles filmed a "promo"; an early kind of music video, in January 1967.
The band had begun to grow mustaches, and Lennon began to wear eyeglasses in public, which he rarely did before.
The changes made the Beatles look very different from how the public saw them earlier.
The kind of glasses Lennon wore (sometimes called ""), were issued in England by the  and the military, and he wore them making How I Won the War.
Lennon disliked the style as a boy, but now made it a  by  it.
Release and public reactions
The Beatles planned to issue "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane" as part of their next album, but EMI asked for a single at the beginning of 1967.
The two songs were issued as a single, with "Penny Lane" as the A-side.
While "Penny Lane" only reached Number Two in the British record sales chart, it reached Number One in the United States chart. (
It was displaced after one week at Number One, by The Turtles, with "Happy Together".) "
Strawberry Fields Forever" charted at Number Eight in the US.
In the years after Lennon's death, his cowriter and fellow Beatle Paul McCartney sometimes performed "Strawberry Fields Forever" during concerts.
A section of Central Park in New York City, where Lennon lived after the Beatles disbanded, was named "Strawberry Fields" in Lennon's honour.
Lucy is the common name of AL 288-1.
This is a fossil discovery of about 40% of the skeleton of a female Australopithecus afarensis.
There are several hundred pieces of bone.
The discovery was made in 1974 at Hadar in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar Depression.
This discovery gave us much scientific evidence.
Lucy lived about 3.2 million years ago, and is a hominid.
The skeleton shows that Lucy had a small skull capacity, like an ape, but also that she walked upright like a human.
This supported the view that bipedalism came before the increase in brain size in human evolution.
Those features are true of all australopithecines.
Smothers was born on February 2, 1937 in New York City, New York.
He studied at Redondo Union High School and at San José State University.
His current marriage is to Marcy Carriker.
He has two children with Carriker and one from his last marriage.
He now lives in Sonoma County, California.
The Smothers Brothers at TV Party
Tommy Smothers quotes at ThinkExist
Tom Smothers 'Speaking Freely' transcript
Tom Smothers interview in 'Being There'
Tom Smothers interviewed by 'Jerry Jazz Musician'
Richard Remick "Dick" Smothers (born November 20, 1939) is an American actor, comedian, composer and musician.
He is best known for being half of the musical comedy team the Smothers Brothers, with his older brother Tom.
Smothers was born on November 20, 1939 in New York City, New York.
He studied at Verdugo Hills High School, later at the Redondo Union High, and at the San José State University.
He was married to Linda Smothers from 1960 until they divorced in 1969.
Then he was married to Lorraine Martin from 1986 until they divorced a few months later.
Then he was married to Denby Franklin from 1997 until they divorced in 2006.
He now lives in Sarasota, Florida.
The Mare Nostrum of Mussolini
The Mediterranean was called Mare Nostrum (Latin for "Our Sea") during the centuries of the Roman Empire, an empire that Fascism intended to recreate after the conquest of Ethiopia in 1936.
However, the nation that really dominated the Mediterranean in 1940 was the United Kingdom, as the British had strong naval bases in Gibraltar, Malta and Cyprus.
The British also controlled the Suez Canal, along with the French; the French Third Republic had a relatively powerful navy, and controlled the African Maghreb.
Only after the conquest of Greece and Yugoslavia, in April 1941, Mussolini started to talk about an Italian dominated Mediterranean sea.
In 1942 Mussolini dreamed to create a Greater Italia in his "Mare Nostrum" and promoted the fascist project -to be realized in a future peace conference after the expected Axis victory- of an enlarged Italian Empire, stretching from the Mediterranean shores of Egypt to the Indian Ocean shores of Somalia and eastern Kenya.
All these projects disappeared with the final Italian defeat of September 1943.
Italian-controlled seashores
France: From June 1940 to September 1943, the Menton riviera (between Monte Carlo and the Italian border).
From November 1942 to September 1943, the delta of the Rhone river to the French Riviera.
Corsica: From November 1942 to September 1943.
Italy: From the Alps to Istria.
The Governatorato di Dalmazia was added between between April 1941 and September 1943.
Yugoslavia: From April 1941 to September 1943, all the coasts of Croatia and Montenegro.
Albania: From 1939 to September 1943 all the coast. (
Saseno island was Italian).
Greece: From April 1941 to September 1943, all the continental coast from Epirus to Thessalia and most of the Aegean Islands (with eastern Crete).
Dodecanese: Italian islands from WWI to September 1943.
Tunisia: From November 1942 to May 1943.
Libya: Italian from 1911 to 1943.
Egypt: The western coast up to El Alamein was intermittently controlled by the Axis, between June 1940 and November 1942.
Battle of the Mediterranean in WWII
When France collapsed in 1940, Mussolini started to expand the Italian maritime control on the central Mediterranean, attacking British possessions.
The ensuing Battle of the Mediterranean had many changes of fortune and finished with the victory of the Allies.
The Battle of Taranto in 1940 was a successful air attack on the Italian Navy at anchor when 21 British torpedo bombers sunk one battleship and damaged two others.
The Italian Navy slowly recovered from that attack.
The Italian Navy's most successful attack, however, was when human torpedo divers planted mines on British battleships in Alexandria (Egypt) harbour (19 December 1941), and the HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Valiant were sunk  .
After these sinkings (and the contemporary destruction of the British Force K), the Italian Navy obtained for some months the nearly complete control of the central Mediterranean.
In this way the Regia Marina was able to deliver the military supply and oil for the Axis victory of Tobruk and for the advance toward El Alamein in Egypt.
Regia Aeronautica
The Italian Regia Aeronautica entered the war with 3296 airplanes (1332 Bombers and 1160 "Caccia", as were called the Fighters in Italian) distributed in all the Italian Empire, but only 1796 were in perfect fighting conditions.
Most were old "wood" models, and could not match the British aircraft in 1940.
But in April 1941, when Italy started together with the Germans the coordinated Axis attack in the Mediterranean (in the Balkans and in Libya), the Italian Air Force had the new and competitive Macchi C.202, able to fight successfully the British Spitfires.
These airplanes (with the new Reggiane Re.2002) took control of the Malta and Libyan airspace (together with the German military aircraft) during the successful campaign of General Rommel in Tobruk.
Only at the beginning of 1943 appeared the modern Macchi C.205 and Reggiane Re.2005, but they could not match the overwhelming superiority of the American Air Force.
One of the most renown and important branches of the Regia Aeronautica was the "torpedo bomber" group.
In 1941 and 1942, Italian pilots, mostly flying the three-engined, medium bomber Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 "Sparviero" , inflicted considerable losses to Allied shipping in the Mediterranean Sea.
The only four engine heavy bomber of the Regia Aeronautica was the Piaggio P.108 B. In the 274th Long-Range Bombardment group these bombers made many long range bombardments of Gibraltar from Sardinia in summer 1942   and reinforced in this way the Regia Aeronautica supremacy during those of months in the Italian Mare Nostrum.
Regio Esercito
The Italian Army (Regio Esercito) entered the war with 73 divisions (and one fascist Legion of "Blackshirts"), but only 19 were fully operational for combat in June 1940.
Italy during the first years of WWII had only small and medium tanks (Fiat M13/40 and Fiat M15/42), that were no match for the Allies tanks.
Only in summer 1943 the Italians developed a heavy tank (the P40 tank)  , but just 5 were ready for combat when Italy signed the armistice.
The Italian Army had good antitanks (like the Semovente 75/18)    and reliable armoured cars (like the AB 41) .
In summer/autumn 1942 Italy controlled the European seashores of the Mediterranean from the Rhone river in occupied France to Mount Olympus in Aegean Greece.
A similar situation happened in the African shores of the Mediterranean Sea, where Mussolini's control went from Tunisia to El Alamein in Egypt.
This Italian domination was increased by the fact that most of the remaining shores of the Mediterranean were controlled by the fascist Spain of General Franco, the France of Vichy and the Turkey of Kemal Atatürk, all of them with friendliness toward Mussolini.
In those months Mussolini referred to the Mediterranean Sea as Mare Nostrum, in the same manner as the Romans had done when they dominated the Classical World.
However, the Roman Mare Nostrum lasted for roughly six hundred years, while Mussolini's Mare Nostrum lasted a few years until the Italian armistice in September 1943.
All the overseas possessions of Italy in the Mediterranean Sea (Dodecanese, Libya, Saseno island, etc.)
were lost formally as a result of the Treaty of peace with Italy (1947).
Regia Marina and Italian Mare Nostrum
When Italy entered World War II on 10 June 1940, the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) was the fourth largest navy in the world.
The Italian Navy had a mix of modernised and new battleships and challenged the Allies, mostly the British Royal Navy, for supremacy of the Mediterranean Sea.
Air support was provided by the Italian Air Force Auxiliary to the Navy (Aviazione Ausiliara per la Marina), the naval air service during wartime.
The Air Force Auxiliary was in charge of all land-based aircraft, shore-based hydroplanes amongst of vessel-based aircraft, and hydroplanes of Italian Navy.
Italian warships had a general reputation as well-designed and good-looking.
But some Italian cruiser classes were rather deficient in armour.
All Italian warships lacked radar for most of the war, although the lack of radar was partly offset by the fact that Italian warships had good "rangefinder" and "fire-control" systems.
In addition, whereas Allied commanders at sea had discretion on how to act, Italian commanders were closely and precisely governed by Italian Naval Headquarters (Supermarina).
This could lead to action being avoided when the Italians had a clear advantage (e.g., During "Operation Hats"  .
Italian Naval Headquarters was conscious that the British could replace ships lost in the Mediterranean, whereas Italian Navy resources were limited).
The Allies had "Ultra" intercepts, which predicted the Italian movements, and radar, which enabled them to locate the ships and range their weapons at distance and at night.
The better air reconnaissance skills of the Fleet Air Arm and their close collaboration with surface units were other major causes of the initial Italian defeats (like in the Battle of Cape Matapan).
The most successful attack performed by the Italian Navy involved divers planting mines on British battleships in Alexandria harbour (19 December 1941): HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Valiant were sunk in shallow water by the maiali of Luigi Durand De La Penne.
On the same night, Force K, comprising three cruisers and four destroyers based at Malta, became stranded in an Italian minefield off Tripoli.
A cruiser (HMS Neptune) and a destroyer (HMS Kandahar) were lost, three other ships were seriously damaged, and more than 900 men died.
Force K was put out of action and Malta's offensive capabilities were reduced to a minimum.
This sudden series of Allied defeats allowed the Regia Marina to achieve naval supremacy in the central Mediterranean, her supply routes were almost untouched by the enemy for several months.
This is the beginning of nearly one year in which the Mediterranean sea was effectively an "Italian Mare Nostrum".
The Italian fleet also took advantage of the situation and moved onto the offensive, blocking or decimating at least three large Allied convoys bound for Malta.
This led to a number of naval engagements, such as the Second Battle of Sirte, the Battle of Mid-June or Operation Harpoon (plus Operation Vigorous) and finally to Operation Pedestal, all of them  favourable to the Axis but sufficient supplies had been delviered to Malta for it to survive as a British base.
The biggest success of the Italian Fleet was the aerial and surface attack on the Harpoon convoy, which sank several Allied warships and damaged others.
Only two transports of the original six reached Malta.
This was the only undisputed squadron-size victory for Italian surface forces in World War II.
During these months the Regia Marina even planned an attack to New York harbour for December 1942, but it was delayed for many reasons and was never done  .
However, this was only a brief happy time for Mussolini.
The oil and supplies brought to Malta, despite heavy losses, by Operation Pedestal in August and the Allied landings in North Africa, Operation Torch, in November 1942, turned the fortunes of war against Italy.
After years of stalemate, the Axis forces were ejected from Libya and Tunisia in six months after the Battle of El Alamein, while their supply lines were harassed day after day by the growing and overwhelming aerial and naval supremacy of the Allies in what has just been the Mussolini's "Italian Mare Nostrum".
The Regia Marina performed well and bravely in its North African convoy duties, but remained at a technical disadvantage.
The Italian ships relied on a speed advantage, but could easily be damaged by shell or torpedo, due to their relatively thin armour.
The fatal and final blow to the Italian Navy was a shortage of fuel, which forced her main units to remain at anchor for most of the last year of the Italian alliance with Germany  .
Main naval battles in the Italian Mare Nostrum
From summer/fall 1941 to November 1942 the Mediterranean sea was effectively an "Italian Mare Nostrum", fully controlled by the Italians in the central area around the Italian peninsula and Tunisia/Libya.
These were the main battles/events in those months:
Attack on the British base at Suda Bay, Crete by destroyers Crispi and Sella, both transporting explosive motor boats: HMS York beached and abandoned and one oil tanker sunk (26 March 1941).
First Battle of Sirte (1941): Naval engagement tactically inconclusive ; British warships ran on a minefield in the aftermath, while waiting for an Italian convoy off Tripoli.
They lost a cruiser and a destroyer; more than 800 British seamen died in the incident.
Sinking of Battleships HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Valiant in Alexandria Harbor, by Italian frogmen (19 December 1941)
Second Battle of Sirte (22 March 1942): escort battered by Italian battleship Littorio, but still able to break contact; cargo ships destroyed by aircraft attack before they could reach Malta as result of the battle.
The British had 3 light cruisers and 6 destroyers damaged.
Battle of Mid-June (1942), also known as Operation Harpoon (destroyer HMS Bedouin, tanker Kentucky, steamer Burdwan and merchantman Chant sunk by combined air and surface action) and Operation Vigorous, when the Italian Fleet blocked a 11 cargo ships convoy (cruiser HMS Hermione and four British destroyers sunk by German E-boats and axis aircraft).
Battle of Mid-August (1942), also known as Operation Pedestal: cruiser HMS Manchester and four merchantmen sunk by Italian Torpedo Boats.
Two other cruisers and three steamers sunk by submarine and air strikes.