the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
2018 - Mies Bouwman, Dutch television presenter (b. 1929)
2018 - Giorgi Maisashvili, Georgian economist and politician (b. 1962)
Liberation Day in Kuwait
Savior's Day (Nation of Islam)
425 – The University of Constantinople is founded.
907 - Abaoji, a Khitan chieftain, is enthroned as Emperor Taizu, creating the Liao Dynasty in Northern China.
1560 – The Treaty of Berwick, expelling the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland.
1594 – Henry IV of France is crowned king.
1617 - Sweden and Russia sign the Treaty of Stolbovo.
1626 - Yuan Chonghuan is appointed Governor of Liaodong, after he led the Chinese to a great victory over the Manchurians under Nurhaci.
1655 - The lighthouse at Lindesnes, the southernmost tip of Norway, is first lit, with 13 candles.
1700 – The island of New Britain is first reached by a European, on an expedition led by William Dampier.
1776 - American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge in North Carolina breaks up a Loyalist militia.
1782 - American Revolutionary War: The British House of Commons votes against further war in America.
1812 – Near the city of Rosario, Manuel Belgrano raises what later develops into the Flag of Argentina.
1844 – The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti.
1860 – Abraham Lincoln makes a speech at Cooper Union in New York City that contributes to him being elected US President.
1861 – Russian troops kill 5 protesters in Warsaw.
1864 – American Civil War: The first northern prisoners arrive the Confederate prison at Andersonville, Georgia.
1870 – The Flag of Japan is adopted as the national flag on merchant ships.
1881 - First Boer War: The Battle of Majuba Hill takes place.
1898 - George I of Greece survives an assassination attempt.
1900 – The UK Labour Party is founded.
1900 - Second Boer War: In South Africa, British officers receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronje at the Battle of Paardeberg.
1912 - In Sudan, the first rail track from Khartoum to El Obeid opened.
1916 - British passenger steamer Maloja is sunk by a German U-boat two miles from Dover, killing 155 people.
1921 – The International Union of Socialist Parties is founded in Vienna.
1925 - Adolf Hitler re-founds the Nazi Party in Munich, ordering it to be built up on a national level.
1930 – Bouvet Island becomes a dependent territory of Norway.
1932 - Nature magazine releases an article by James Chadwick, describing the existence of the neutron.
1933 – The Reichstag building in Berlin is set on fire.
1939 - The United States Supreme Court rules sit-in protests as illegal.
1940 – Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discover Carbon-14.
1942 – World War II: The Battle of the Java Sea begins.
1943 – The Smith Mine #3 in Bearcreek, Montana, explodes, killing 74 men.
1943 - The Rosenstrasse protest begins in Berlin.
1948 – President of Finland Juho Kusti Paasikivi signs a defence treaty with Joseph Stalin.
1951 – The 22nd Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, limiting the US President to two terms in office.
1961 – The first Congress of the Spanish Trade Union Organisation is inaugurated.
1962 - Two dissident Vietnam Air Force pilots bomb the Independence Palace in Saigon in a failed attempt to kill South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem.
1963 – Juan Bosch is elected President of the Dominican Republic.
1964 - The Italian Government asks for help to keep the Leaning Tower of Pisa from toppling over.
1973 – Wounded Knee Incident standoff at the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota begins.
1976 – The former Spanish territory of Western Sahara declares its independence.
1986 - The United States Senate allows its debates to be televised on a trial basis.
1988 - A violent pogrom takes place against the Armenian Community in Sumgait, Azerbaijan.
1989 - Venezuela is rocked by the Caracazo riots.
1991 – US President George H. W. Bush declares that "Kuwait is liberated".
1992 - Jack Unterweger is arrested by FBI agents in Miami, Florida on suspicion of several murders.
1993 - Niger holds its first Presidential Election.
1994 - The 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, come to an end.
1995 - A terrorist explosion in a market in the city of Zakho in Iraqi Kurdistan kills around 100 people and injures over 150.
2002 – Godhra train bombing: A Muslim mob kills 59 Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya.
2002 – Ryanair Flight 296 catches fire at Stansted Airport.
The evacuation procedures later come in for criticism.
2004 – The bombing of Superferry 14 by Abu Sayyaf in the Philippines kills 116 people.
2004 - The initial version of the John Jay Report is released into the Catholic sex abuse scandal in the United States.
2005 - Million Dollar Baby is the most successful movie at the 77th Academy Awards ceremony.
2007 – The Shanghai Stock Exchange falls by 9%, its largest drop in 10 years.
2010 – 2010 Cauquenes earthquake: A major magnitude 8.8 earthquake hits Chile, killing around 500 people.
2015 - Russian opposition politician Boris Nemtsov is shot dead by an unknown assailant shortly before midnight.
272 – Constantine, Roman Emperor (d. 337)
1572 - Francis II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1632)
1689 – Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer, choir director, historian and geographer (d. 1775)
1711 – Constantine Mavrocordates, Prince of Wallachia and Moldavia (d. 1769)
1767 - Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure, French politician (d. 1855)
1789 – Manuel Rodriguez, Chilean lawyer and guerrilla (d. 1818)
1795 - José Antonio Navarro, American statesman, revolutionary and politician from Texas (d. 1871)
1799 - Edward Belcher, British polar explorer (d. 1877)
1807 – Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American poet (d. 1882)
1809 - Jean-Charles Cornay, French missionary and saint (d. 1837)
1814 - Samuel Kleinschmidt, German-Greenlandic linguist (d. 1886)
1831 - Nikolai Ge, Russian painter (d. 1894)
1836 - Russell A. Alger, Governor of Michigan (d. 1907)
1846 - Simon Bamberger, Governor of Utah (d. 1926)
1856 - Mattia Battistini, Italian baritone (d. 1928)
1859 – Bertha Pappenheim, German activist and writer (d. 1936)
1861 – Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher (d. 1925)
1862 – Anastasios Metaxas, Greek architect and shooter (d. 1937)
1863 - Joaquin Sorolla, Spanish painter (d. 1923)
1863 - George Herbert Mead, American philosopher and psychologist (d. 1931)
1867 - Irving Fisher, American economist (d. 1947)
1870 - Louis Coerne, American composer and music educator (d. 1922)
1872 - Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1950)
1874 - F. M. Cornford, English classical scholar and translator (d. 1943)
1875 - Manuel Ugarte, Argentine politician (d. 1951)
1877 – Adela Verne, English pianist (d. 1952)
1878 – Alvan T. Fuller, 50th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1958)
1879 – Rene Lefebvre, martyr of the French Resistance (d. 1944)
1881 – Sveinn Björnsson, 1st President of Iceland (d. 1952)
1882 - Burton K. Wheeler, American politician (d. 1975)
1886 – Hugo Black, United States Supreme Court Justice (d. 1971)
1887 - Pyotr Nesterov, Russian pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1914)
1888 - Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr.,
American historian (d. 1965)
1888 – Lotte Lehmann, German singer (d. 1976)
1891 – Anne Samson, Canadian nun and supercentenarian (d. 2004)
1891 – David Sarnoff, Russian-born broadcast pioneer (d. 1971)
1892 – William Demarest, American actor (d. 1983)
1895 - Miyagiyama Fukumatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1943)
1897 – Marian Anderson, American contralto (d. 1993)
1897 - Bernard Lyot, French astronomer (d. 1952)
1899 - Charles Best, Canadian scientist (d. 1978)
1901 – Marino Marini, Italian artist and sculptor (d. 1980)
1902 – John Steinbeck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
1903 - Ion Irimescu, Romanian sculptor and sketcher (d. 2005)
1903 - Grethe Weiser, German actress (d. 1970)
1904 - Yulii Borisovich Khariton, Russian physicist (d. 1996)
1904 - Chick Fullis, American baseball player (d. 1946)
1905 - Franchot Tone, American actor (d. 1968)
1907 - Mildred Bailey, American singer (d. 1951)
1910 - Genrikh Gasparyan, Armenian chess player and composer (d. 1995)
1910 – Joan Bennett, American actress (d. 1990)
1912 – Lawrence Durrell, English writer (d. 1990)
1913 – Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
1913 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish politician (d. 1989)
1917 – John Connally, 39th Governor of Texas and 61st United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1993)
1921 - Theodore Van Kirk, American soldier, pilot and navigator (d. 2014)
1923 - Alejandro Zaffaroni, Uruguayan-American chemist and entrepreneur (d. 2014)
1923 - Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophonist (d. 1990)
1926 – David H. Hubel, Canadian neuroscientist (d. 2013)
1927 - Lynn Cartwright, American actress (d. 2004)
1927 - Guy Mitchell, American singer (d. 1999)
1928 – Alfred Hrdlicka, Austrian artist, sculptor and writer (d. 2009)
1928 - Jean Joubert, French novelist, short story writer and poet (d. 2015)
1928 – Ariel Sharon, former Prime Minister of Israel (d. 2014)
1929 – Djalma Santos, Brazilian footballer (d. 2013)
1930 – Joanne Woodward, American actress
1932 – Elizabeth Taylor, British-American actress (d. 2011)
1932 - Ernst Hinterseer, Austrian skier
1934 – Ralph Nader, American consumer activist
1934 - Michiko Maeda, Japanese actress
1935 - Alberto Remedios, operatic tenor
1935 - Mirella Freni, Italian soprano
1935 - Brian Heap, English biologist and academic
1936 - Roger Mahony, American cardinal
1936 - Ron Barassi, Australian footballer and coach
1939 - Kenzo Takada, Japanese fashion designer
1939 - Don McKinnon, New Zealand politician
1939 - Antoinette Sibley, English ballerina
1940 - Loren Pankratz, American psychologist
1940 – Bill Hunter, Australian actor (d. 2011)
1941 – Paddy Ashdown, British politician
1942 – Robert H. Grubbs, American chemist
1942 – Klaus-Dieter Sieloff, German footballer (d. 2011)
1943 – Carlos Alberto Parreira, Brazilian football manager
1945 - Carl Anderson, American actor and singer (d. 2004)
1947 - Gidon Kremer, Latvian violinist and conductor
1948 - John Chittick, American health activist (d. 2017)
1950 - Julia Neuberger, English rabbi and politician
1950 - Annabel Goldie, Scottish politician
1951 - Lee Atwater, American political figure (d. 1991)
1953 - Ian Khama, President of Botswana
1953 - Gabriela Svobodova, Czech cross-country skier
1953 - Gavin Esler, British broadcaster
1953 - Yolande Moreau, Belgian comedian, actress, movie director and screenwriter
1957 - Viktor Markin, Soviet-Russian sprinter
1957 – Adrian Smith, English musician (Iron Maiden)
1957 – Timothy Spall, English actor
1958 - Maggie Hassan, Governor of New Hampshire
1959 – Johnny Van Zant, American singer (Lynyrd Skynyrd)
1960 – Carson Yeung, Hong Kong businessman
1962 - Adam Baldwin, American actor
1964 - Thomas Lange, German rower
1965 - Noah Emmerich, American actor
1966 – Baltasar Kormakur, Icelandic actor, director and producer
1969 - Gareth Llewellyn, Welsh rugby player
1969 - Stuart MacBride, Scottish author
1970 - Goran Markov, Macedonian footballer
1970 - Patricia Petibon, French soprano
1971 – Roman Giertych, Polish Minister of Education
1971 – Derren Brown, British illusionist
1973 – Peter Andre, British-Australian singer-songwriter, businessman and television personality
1974 – Colin Edwards, American motorcycle racer
1974 - Carte Goodwin, former United States Senator for West Virginia
1975 - Prodromos Korkizoglou, Greek decathlete
1976 - Sergei Semak, Russian footballer
1978 – James Beattie, English footballer
1978 - Kakha Kaladze, Georgian footballer
1979 - Adriana Campos, Colombian actress (d. 2015)
1980 - Debbie Flood, British rower
1980 – Chelsea Clinton, daughter of Hillary Clinton and Bill Clinton
1980 – Bobby Valentino, American singer
1981 - Evi Goffin, Belgian singer-songwriter
1981 – Josh Groban, American singer
1982 - Bruno Soares, Brazilian tennis player
1982 - Amedy Coulibaly, French Islamic Jihadist (d. 2015)
1983 – Kate Mara, American actress
1984 – Lotta Schelin, Swedish footballer
1985 – Diniyar Bilyaletdinov, Russian footballer
1985 - Brandon Coburn, Canadian ice hockey player
1988 - Dustin Jeffrey, Canadian ice hockey player
1989 - Shota Shimizu, Japanese musician
1989 - Stephen Kiprotich, Ugandan long-distance runner
1989 - Brittany Ashton Holmes, American actress
1992 - Jonjo Shelvey, English footballer
1992 - Callum Wilson, English footballer
1992 - Meyers Leonard, American basketball player
1994 - Hou Yifan, Chinese chess player
1996 - Marta Bassino, Italian skier
640 - Pepin the Elder, Frankish Mayor of the Palace (b. 580)
956 - Patriarch Theophylact of Constantinople (b. 917)
1659 - Henry Dunster, first President of Harvard College (b. 1609)
1706 – John Evelyn, English diarist (b. 1620)
1735 – John Arbuthnot, English physician and writer (b. 1667)
1795 - Tanikaze Kajinosuke, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1750)
1844 - Nicholas Biddle, American banker (b. 1786)
1850 - Samuel Adams, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1805)
1874 - Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Cuban revolutionary (b. 1819)
1887 – Alexander Borodin, Russian composer (b. 1833)
1892 – Louis Vuitton, French designer (b. 1821)
1905 - George S. Boutwell, Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1818)
1906 - Samuel Pierpoint Langley, American astrophysicist (b. 1834)
1931 – Chandrasekhar Azad, Indian revolutionary (b. 1906)
1936 – Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist (b. 1849)
1936 - Joshua W. Alexander, United States Secretary of Commerce (b. 1852)
1937 - Emily Malbone Morgan, American saint (b. 1862)
1939 – Nadezhda Krupskaya, Russian revolutionary (b. 1869)
1941 - William D. Byron, American politician (b. 1895)
1943 – Kostis Palamas, Greek poet (b. 1859)
1956 - Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Indian politician (b. 1888)
1970 – Marie Dionne, one of the Dionne quintuplets (b. 1934)
1972 - Pat Brady, American actor and singer (b. 1914)
1973 - Bill Everett, American comic book artist (b. 1917)
1985 – Henry Cabot Lodge, American politician (b. 1902)
1986 – Jacques Plante, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929)
1987 - Joan Greenwood, English actress and director (b. 1921)
1989 – Konrad Lorenz, Austrian zoologist (b. 1903)
1993 – Lillian Gish, American actress (b. 1893)
1998 – George H. Hitchings, American scientist (b. 1905)
1999 - Christine Glanville, British puppeteer (b. 1924)
2002 – Spike Milligan, Irish-born comedian (b. 1918)
2003 – Fred Rogers, American children's television actor (b. 1928)
2003 - John Lanchbery, English-Australian composer and conductor (b. 1923)
2006 - Linda Smith, British comedienne (b. 1958)
2007 - Bobby Rosengarden, American jazz drummer (b. 1924)
2008 – Ivan Rebroff, German singer (b. 1931)
2008 – William F. Buckley, Jr., American writer and commentator (b. 1925)
2009 – Manea Manescu, Romanian Prime Minister (b. 1916)
2010 – Wendy Toye, British actress (b. 1917)
2011 – Necmettin Erbakan, Turkish Prime Minister (b. 1926)
2011 – Frank Buckles, American World War I veteran and supercentenarian (b. 1901)
2013 - Van Cliburn, American pianist (b. 1934)
2013 - Ramon Dekkers, Dutch kickboxer (b. 1969)
2013 - Dale Robertson, American actor (b. 1923)
2014 - Jan Hoet, Belgian art historian (b. 1936)
2014 - Huber Matos, Cuban dissident, activist and writer (b. 1918)
2014 - Aaron Allston, American game designer and science fiction author (b. 1960)
2015 - Bohdan Tomaszewski, Polish sports commentator (b. 1921)
2015 - Richard Bakalyan, American actor (b. 1931)
2015 - Bob Benmosche, American executive (b. 1944)
2015 - Mykhailo Chechetov, Ukrainian politician (b. 1953)
2015 - Leonard Nimoy, American actor (b. 1931)
2015 - Boris Nemtsov, Russian politician (b. 1959)
2016 - Rajesh Pillai, Indian film director (b. 1974)
2017 - John Harlan, American radio and television announcer (b. 1925)
2017 - Carlos Humberto Romero, President of El Salvador (b. 1924)
2018 - Quini, Spanish footballer (b. 1949)
2018 - William H. T. Bush, American businessman (b. 1938)
National Day of the Dominican Republic
In a common year this is the last day of February, and the next day is March 1.
In Leap years, February 28 is followed by February 29.
In some countries, people born on that date, legally reach the ages of 18 and 21 on February 28.
202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han is crowned in China, marking the beginning of the Han Dynasty.
870 – The fourth council of Constantinople closes.
1246 - The Siege of Jaén ends in the context of the Spanish Reconquista, resulting in the Castilian takeover of the city from the Taifa of Jaén.
1525 – Aztec ruler Cuauhtemoc is executed by Hernan Cortes' forces.
1638 – The Scottish National Covenant is signed in Edinburgh.
1700 – In Sweden, this date is followed by March 1 instead of February 29, creating the Swedish calendar.
1710 - Battle of Helsingborg: 14,000 Danish invaders under Jorgen Rantzau are decisively defeated by an equally-sized Swedish force under Magnus Stenbock.
1784 – John Wesley charters the Methodist Church.
1811 - Cry of Asencio: Beginning of Uruguay's War of Independence.
1813 - In a treaty with Russia, Prussia changes sides from that of Napoleon Bonaparte to that of the coalition against him.
1827 - The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is incorporated, offering commercial transportation of both people and freight, the first US railroad to do so.
1835 – The Kalevala, Finland's national epic, compiled by Elias Lönnrot, is published for the first time.
1838 – Robert Nelson proclaims the independence of Lower Canada (present-day Quebec).
1844 - A gun on USS Princeton explodes on a Potomac River cruise, including two united States cabinet members.
1847 - The Battle of the Sacramento River during the Mexican-American War is a decisive victory for the United States leading to the capture of Chihuahua.
1849 - Regular steamboat service between the east and west coasts of the United States begins with the arrival of the SS California in San Francisco Bay, over four months after it left New York City Harbor.
1854 - In Wisconsin, the Republican Party is founded.
Abraham Lincoln is the party's first elected President in 1860.
1870 - The Bulgarian exarchate is created by decree of Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz of the Ottoman Empire.
1883 - The first vaudeville theatre opens in Boston, Massachusetts.
1885 - The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York State.
1890 - In the Torres Strait, between Queensland, Australia, and Papua New Guinea, the ship HMS Quetta sinks after a rock collision, killing 134 people.
1893 - American battleship USS Indiana is launched.
1897 – Madagascar's last Queen, Ranavalona III, is deposed by French military forces.
1900 - Second Boer War: The 118-day Siege of Ladysmith ends.
1914 - Greeks living in Southern Albania declare the "Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus".
1922 – Egypt declares independence.
1928 – C.V. Raman discovers the Raman effect, on the spread of light.
1933 - Bertolt Brecht and Helene Weigel go into exile in Prague.
1935 – DuPont scientist Wallace Carothers invents nylon.
1939 - The erroneous word "dord" is discovered in the Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition, prompting an investigation.
1940 – Basketball is shown on television for the first time.
1942 – The heavy cruiser USS Houston is sunk in the Battle of Sunda Strait, killing 693 people.
The same also happens to the HMAS Perth, on which 375 are killed.
1946 - French sports paper L'Equipe publishes its first edition.
1947 – 228 Incident: In Taiwan, civil disorder is put down with the loss of 30,000 lives.
1948 - A British police officer opens fire on a march of ex-servicemen in Accra, then-Gold Coast, present-day Ghana, killing 3, and sparking major riots.
1952 - End of the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo.
1953 – James D. Watson and Francis Crick announce that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA.
1958 – A school bus in Floyd County, Kentucky, hits a wrecker truck and plunges into the Lerisa Fork River, killing 26 children and the driver.
1960 - The 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California, end.
1972 - The United States and the People's Republic of China sign the Shanghai Communique in a step towards improving their diplomatic relations.
1974 - The United Kingdom General Election ends without either the Labour or Conservative Parties winning a parliamentary majority.
Another election is held later in the year.
1975 – A tube train crashes at Moorgate Station in London, killing 43 people.
1980 – Andalusia approves its statute of autonomy through a referendum.
1983 – The final episode of M*A*S*H airs.
It is one of the most watched shows in TV history with 125 million people watching.
1985 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station in Newry, Northern Ireland, killing 9 officers.
1986 – Sweden's Prime Minister Olof Palme is shot dead.
1988 – The 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary end, with host nation Canada winning no gold medals.
1993 - The standoff lasting until April 19 at the compound of the Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas begins.
This occurs when ATF and FBI agents raid it to arrest its leader David Koresh.
1997 – A magnitude 6.1 earthquake in Armenia and Azerbaijan kills around 1,100 people.
1997 – An earthquake in northern Iran kills around 3,000 people.
1997 – GRB 970228, a very luminous flash of gamma rays, strikes Earth for 80 seconds.
1998 – Kosovo War: Serbian police begin an offensive against the Kosovo Liberation Army.
2001 – Ten people are killed in a train crash in Selby, Yorkshire.
2001 - The Nisqually earthquake at magnitude 6.8 strikes Washington State.
2002 - Religious violence in Gujarat: Two separate massacres kill a total of 166 people.
2002 - The twelve Eurozone countries officially give up their old currencies.
2003 - Vaclav Klaus is elected President of the Czech Republic.
2004 – 1 million people form a human chain in Taiwan, in memory of the 228 Incident.
2005 – In Al Hillah, Iraq, a bomb explodes outside a police training academy, killing 127 people.
2005 – In Lebanon the pro-Syrian Prime Minister Omar Karami resigns.
2008 - Dimitris Christofias becomes President of Cyprus.
2010 – The 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver end with host nation Canada winning the most gold medals.
2013 - Nicos Anastasiades becomes President of Cyprus.
2013 - Pope Benedict XVI officially resigns as Pope, as the first Pope to do so since 1415.
1155 – Henry the Young King, son of Henry II of England (d. 1183)
1261 – Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway (d. 1283)
1533 – Michel de Montaigne, French writer (d. 1592)
1552 – Jost Buergi, Swiss clock maker (d. 1632)
1612 – John Pearson, English theologian (d. 1686)
1619 - Giuseppe Felice Tosi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1693)
1670 - Benjamin Wadsworth, American President of Harvard University (d. 1737)
1704 – Louis Godin, French astronomer (d. 1760)
1712 – Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French military commander (d. 1759)
1743 – René-Just Hauy, French mineralogist (d. 1822)
1792 - Karl Ernst von Baer, German biologist, meteorologist and geographer (d. 1876)
1797 – Prince Frederick of the Netherlands (d. 1881)
1804 - Henry S. Foote, Governor of Mississippi (d. 1880)
1812 - Berthold Auerbach, German poet and writer (d. 1882)
1813 – Pomare IV, Queen of Tahiti (d. 1877)
1820 - John Tenniel, English illustrator, humourist and political cartoonist (d. 1914)
1824 – Charles Blondin, French tightrope walker (d. 1897)
1825 - Jean-Baptiste Arban, French composer (d. 1889)
1833 - Carl Hilty, Swiss philosopher, writer and lawyer (d. 1909)
1833 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (d. 1913)
1838 - Maurice Levy, French engineer (d. 1910)
1840 - Henri Duveyrier, French explorer (d. 1892)
1851 - Samuel W. McCall, 47th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1923)
1858 - Tore Svennberg, Swedish actor and theatre director (d. 1941)
1863 - Gheorghe Marinescu, Romanian neurologist and neuropathologist (d. 1938)
1866 - Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov, Russian poet (d. 1949)
1877 - Sergei Bortkiewicz, Russian composer (d. 1952)
1878 – Artur Kapp, Estonian composer (d. 1952)
1878 - Pierre Fatou, French mathematician (d. 1929)
1881 - Fernand Sanz, French cyclist (d. 1925)
1882 – José Vasconcelos, Mexican writer (d. 1959)
1883 - Sean Mac Diarmada, Irish political activist and revolutionary (d. 1916)
1884 - Ants Piip, 7th Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1942)
1887 - William Zorach, Lithuanian-American sculptor, painter, printmaker and writer (d. 1966)
1889 - Pavel Dybenko, Russian revolutionary (d. 1938)
1893 - Vsevolod Pudovkin, Soviet-Russian movie maker (d. 1953)
1894 - Ben Hecht, American director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1964)
1895 – Marcel Pagnol, French writer, playwright and director (d. 1974)
1896 – Philip Showalter Hench, American physician (d. 1965)
1897 - Ruth Pitter, English poet (d. 1992)
1901 – Linus Pauling, American scientist (d. 1994)
1903 – Vincente Minnelli, American movie director (d. 1986)
1906 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (d. 1947)
1907 - Milton Caniff, American comic creator (d. 1988)
1909 – Stephen Spender, English poet (d. 1995)
1912 – Clara Petacci, mistress to Benito Mussolini (d. 1945)
1915 – Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist (d. 1987)
1916 – Svend Asmussen, Danish jazz violinist (d. 2017)
1919 - Brian Urquhart, British World War II veteran and author
1920 - Jadwiga Pilsudska, Polish pilot (d. 2014)
1921 - Saul Zaentz, American movie producer (d. 2014)
1921 - Willi Sitte, German artist (d. 2013)
1922 - Yuri Lotman, Soviet philologist (d. 1993)
1923 - Charles Durning, American actor (d. 2012)
1924 - Robert A. Roe, American diplomat (d. 2014)
1926 – Svetlana Alliluyeva, Soviet-born American defector, writer and daughter of Joseph Stalin (d. 2011)
1929 – Frank Gehry, Canadian-American architect
1930 - Leon Cooper, American physicist
1930 - Gavin MacLeod, American actor
1930 – Marty Grosz, American musician
1931 - Dean Smith, American basketball coach (d. 2015)
1939 – Daniel C. Tsui, Chinese-born physicist
1940 – Aldo Andretti, Italian-born racing driver
1940 – Mario Andretti, Italian-born racing driver
1940 - Barry Fantoni, English author, comic strip cartoonist and jazz musician
1941 - Tristan Garel-Jones, Baron Garel-Jones, British politician
1941 – Suzanne Mubarak, former First Lady of Egypt
1942 – Brian Jones, English musician (Rolling Stones) (d. 1969)
1942 – Dino Zoff, Italian footballer
1942 - Frank Bonner, American actor
1943 - Charles Bernstein, American composer
1944 – Sepp Maier, German footballer
1944 - Storm Thorgerson, British graphic designer (d. 2013)
1944 – Kelly Bishop, American actress
1944 - Edward Greenspan, Canadian lawyer and author (d. 2014)
1945 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor (d. 2011)
1946 – Robin Cook, British politician (d. 2005)
1947 – Stephanie Beacham, British actress
1947 – Togiola Tulafono, American Samoan politician
1948 – Steven Chu, American physicist
1948 - Bernadette Peters, American actress and singer
1948 - Alfred Sant, 11th Prime Minister of Malta
1950 - Frankie Kao, Taiwanese singer (d. 2014)
1951 - Roseanna Vitro, American jazz singer
1951 - Gustav Thöni, Italian skier
1952 - Frank Warren, English boxing manager and promoter
1953 – Paul Krugman, American economist
1955 - Jimmy Calderwood, Scottish footballer and manager
1956 - Gilbert Gottfried, American comedian
1956 – Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau (2001-2009 and since 2013)
1956 – Terry Leahy, British businessman
1957 - Jan Ceulemans, Belgian footballer
1957 – Ainsley Harriott, British chef
1957 – John Turturro, American actor
1958 – Natalya Estemirova, Russian activist (d. 2009)
1958 - Christina Lathan, German sprinter
1958 - Jeanne Mas, French singer-songwriter and actress
1958 - Jack Abramoff, American political lobbyist
1960 - Dorothy Stratten, American model and actress (d. 1980)
1961 - Mark Latham, Australian politician
1961 – Barry McGuigan, Irish boxer
1963 - Claudio Chiapucci, Italian cyclist
1965 - Colum McCann, Irish writer
1966 - Paulo Futre, Portuguese footballer
1966 - Archbishop Jovan VI of Ohrid
1969 – Robert Sean Leonard, American actor
1969 - Murray Gold, British movie score composer
1969 - Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek, Austrian politician
1969 - U. Srinivas, Indian mandolin player and composer (d. 2014)
1970 – Daniel Handler, American writer, better known as Lemony Snicket
1972 - Rory Cochrane, American actor
1973 - Eric Lindros, Canadian ice hockey player
1974 – Lee Carsley, Irish footballer
1976 - Ali Larter, American actress
1977 - Jason Aldean, American country music singer
1978 – Benjamin Raich, Austrian skier
1978 – Mariano Zabaleta, Argentine tennis player
1979 – Ivo Karlovic, Croatian tennis player
1979 - Andriy Nesmachniy, Ukrainian footballer
1979 - Michael Bisping, English mixed martial artist and actor
1979 – Primoz Peterka, Slovenian ski jumper
1980 - Sigurd Pettersen, Norwegian ski jumper
1980 – Christian Poulsen, Danish footballer
1980 – Tayshaun Prince, American basketball player
1981 – Florent Serra, French tennis player
1982 - Yelena Slesarenko, Russian high jumper
1984 – Fredrik Stoor, Swedish footballer
1984 – Karolina Kurkova, Czech supermodel
1984 - Ben Fagan, American musician
1985 – Jelena Jankovic, Serbian tennis player
1985 - Diego Ribas da Cunha, Brazilian footballer
1987 - Antonio Candreva, Italian footballer
1989 - Angelababy, Chinese model, actress and singer
1989 - Charles Jenkins, American basketball player
1989 - Danielle Haim, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1989 - Zhang Liyin, Chinese singer
1990 - Naomi Broady, English tennis player
1990 - Georgina Leonidas, English actress
1991 - Sarah Bolger, Irish actress
1993 - Emmelie de Forest, Danish singer
1993 - Marquis Teague, American basketball player
1994 - Jake Bugg, British singer-songwriter
2000 - Moise Kean, Italian footballer
2007 – Princess Lalla Khadija of Morocco
468 – Pope Hilarius
1261 – Henry III, Duke of Brabant (b. 1230)
1326 – Duke Leopold I of Austria (b. 1290)
1453 - Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine (b. 1400)
1510 - Juan de la Cosa, Spanish cartographer and explorer
1525 – Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler
1572 - Aegidius Tschudi, Swiss historian (b. 1505)
1621 – Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1590)
1648 – King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway (b. 1577)
1836 – Friedrich August Grotefend, German philologist (b. 1798)
1844 - Thomas Walker Gilmer, Governor of Virginia (b. 1802)
1844 - Abel P. Upshur, American politician (b. 1790)
1869 - Alphonse de Lamartine, French writer and poet (b. 1790)
1891 - George Hearst, American politician and businessman (b. 1820)
1916 – Henry James, American writer (b. 1843)
1925 – Friedrich Ebert, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1871)
1926 - Alphonse Borrelly, French astronomer (b. 1842)
1932 - Guillaume Bigourdan, French astronomer (b. 1851)
1935 - Chiquinha Gonzaga, Brazilian pianist, composer and conductor (b. 1847)
1936 - Kamala Nehru, wife of Jawaharlal Nehru (b. 1899)
1936 – Charles Nicolle, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1928 (b. 1866)
1941 – King Alfonso XIII of Spain (b. 1886)
1942 – Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (b. 1889)
1956 - Emile Buisson, French gangster (b. 1902)
1959 - Maxwell Anderson, American playwright (b. 1888)
1963 – Rajendra Prasad, first President of India (b. 1884)
1965 - Adolf Scharf, President of Austria (b. 1890)
1967 – Henry Luce, American publisher (b. 1898)
1974 - Bobby Bloom, American singer-songwriter (b. 1946)
1985 – David Byron, English singer (Uriah Heep) (b. 1947)
1986 – Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (murdered) (b. 1927)
1986 – Laura Z. Hobson, American writer (b. 1900)
1993 - Ruby Keeler, Canadian actress and dancer (b. 1910)
1993 - Ishiro Honda, Japanese director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1911)
1998 - Arkady Shevchenko, Soviet diplomat (b. 1930)
1998 – Dermot Morgan, Irish actor and comedian (b. 1952)
2002 – Helmut Zacharias, German violinist (b. 1920)
2003 – Fidel Sanchez Hernandez, President of El Salvador (b. 1917)
2003 - Chris Brasher, Guyanese-English runner and journalist (b. 1928)
2004 - Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian and librarian (b. 1914)
2004 - Carmen Laforet, Spanish writer (b. 1921)
2006 – Owen Chamberlain, American physicist (b. 1921)
2007 – Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., American historian and political commentator (b. 1917)
2009 – Paul Harvey, American radio broadcaster (b. 1918)
2011 – Annie Girardot, French actress (b. 1931)
2011 – Jane Russell, American actress (b. 1921)
2013 - Bruce Reynolds, British criminal (b. 1931)
2013 - Donald A. Glaser, American physicist (b. 1926)
2014 - Hugo Brandt Corstius, Dutch writer (b. 1935)
2014 - Michio Mado, Japanese poet (b. 1909)
2015 - Mykhailo Chechetov, Ukrainian-Russian politician (b. 1953)
2015 - Anthony Mason, American basketball player (b. 1966)
2015 - Yasar Kemal, Turkish author (b. 1923)
2016 - Frank Kelly, Irish actor (b. 1938)
2016 - George Kennedy, American actor (b. 1925)
2017 - Leone di Lernia, Italian radio host, singer, actor and composer (b. 1938)
2017 - Paul Kangas, American broadcaster (b. 1937)
2017 - Peter Mathews, Irish politician (b. 1951)
2017 - Vladimir Petrov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1947)
2017 - Elisabeth Waldheim, Austrian political figure (b. 1922)
2018 - Barry Crimmins, American comedian and social activist (b. 1953)
2018 - Rogelio Guerra, Mexican actor (b. 1936)
2018 - Jayendra Saraswathi, Indian guru (b. 1935)
2019 - André Previn, German-American pianist, comductor and composer (b. 1929)
Kalevala Day (Finland)
National Science Day (India)
Peace Memorial Day (Taiwan)
Teacher's Day (many Arab countries)
Regional Holiday (Andalusia)
A crater is a round dent on a planet.
They are usually shaped like a circle or an oval.
They are usually made by something like a meteor hitting the surface of a planet.
Underground activity such as volcanoes or explosions can also cause them but it's not as likely.
A department store
A shop
Storage, a place for saving things
November 2 – Haile Selassie became King of Ethiopia
The Trump Building is built in New York City which is at the time the world's tallest building
The Chrysler Building surpasses The Trump Building and also claims world's tallest building
January 3 - Robert Loggia, American actor (d. 2015)
January 10 - Roy E. Disney, American businessman (d. 2009)
January 20 – Buzz Aldrin, American astronaut
February 19 - John Frankenheimer, American movie director (d. 2002)
February 19 – Milenko Stefanovic, Serbian clarinet player
March 7 - Robert D. Cardona, American model-maker
March 22 – Pat Robertson, American preacher and television host
March 26 – Sandra Day O'Connor, US Supreme Court justice
April 3 – Helmut Kohl, former Chancellor of Germany
April 7 – Andrew Sachs, German born British actor
April 13 - Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian movie director (d. 2013)
April 15 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, 4th President of Iceland
April 28 - James Baker, former United States Secretary of State
May 8 – Gary Snyder, American writer
May 13 – Mike Gravel, former US Senator from Alaska (d. 2021)
May 21 – Malcolm Fraser, 22nd Prime Minister of Australia
May 31 – Clint Eastwood, American actor, director, producer
July 2 – Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (d. 2021)
July 4 – Frunzik Mkrtchyan, Soviet – Armenian actor (d. 1993)
July 4 – Johnny Saxton, American boxer
July 30 – Captain Lou Albano, Italian – American professional wrestler and manager (d. 2009)
August 1 - Lawrence Eagleburger, American diplomat (d. 2011)
August 5 – Neil Armstrong, American astronaut (d. 2012)
August 8 – Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib, Bengali Mother of the Nation (d. 1975)
August 10 - Barry Unsworth, British writer (d. 2012)
August 14 - Earl Weaver, American baseball manager (d. 2013)
August 21 – Princess Margaret of the United Kingdom (d. 2002)
August 25 – Sean Connery, Scottish actor (d. 2020)
August 28 - Ben Gazzara, American actor (d. 2012)
August 30 - Warren Buffett, American businessman
September 7 – Baudouin I, King of Belgium (d. 1993)
September 7 - Sonny Rollins, American musician
September 23 – Ray Charles, American singer and musician (d. 2004)
September 29 - Colin Dexter, British writer
October 1 – Philippe Noiret,  French actor (d. 2006)
October 6 – Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (d. 2000)
October 10 - Harold Pinter, British playwright (d. 2008)
October 14 - Mobutu Sese Seko, leader of Zaire (d. 1998)
October 28 - Bernie Ecclestone, British racing executive
October 31 - Michael Collins, American astronaut (d. 2021)
November 15 - J. G. Ballard, British writer (d. 2009)
November 16 - Chinua Achebe, Nigerian writer (d. 2013)
December 2 - Gary Becker, American economist
December 8 - Maximilian Schell, Swiss-Austrian actor (d. 2014)
December 17 - Armin Mueller-Stahl, German actor
March 8 - William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States (b. 1857)
March 19 – Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848)
July 7 – Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer and doctor (b. 1859)
September 29 - Ilya Repin, Ukrainian painter (b. 1844)
October 26 – Mary Harrison McKee, American First Lady, daughter of Benjamin Harrison (b. 1858)
after November 2 - Alfred Wegener, German geologist (b. 1880)
November 22 - Paul Raud, Estonian painter (b. 1865)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Karl Landsteiner, Austrian doctor, (1868 – 1943)
Indian Mutiny; Mangal Pandey, Rani of Jhansi
"Jingle Bells" is written and published in America
5 April – Alexander of Battenberg
14 April  -  Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom; Prince Henry of Battenberg
June 11 – Antoni Grabowski
3 December – Joseph Conrad
December 31 - Edward Williams Clay, American artist (b. 1799)
July 26 – L. L. Zamenhof published Esperanto
March 22 – Chico Marx
December 25 – Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (d. 1979)
293 - Emperor Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars.
1457 - The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, Bohemian-Moravian Borderland.
To date, it is the second-oldest Protestant denomination.
1476 - Battle of Toro: Forces of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V of Portugal and the future-John II of Portugal.
1562 – Over 1,000 Huguenots are massacred by Catholics in Wassy, France marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.
1565 – The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
1593 - The Uppsala Synod is summoned to confirm the exact form of the Lutheran Church in Sweden.
1628 – Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
1633 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
1642 – Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine) becomes the first incorporated city in America.
1692 – The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts.
1694 - A major storm in the Strait of Gibraltar sinks a total of nine ships, including seven English warships, killing 823 people.
1700 – Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to reform into the Gregorian calendar, then reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and then introduces the Gregorian Calendar on this date in 1753.
1781 – The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
1790 – The first United States census is authorized.
1803 – Ohio is admitted as the 17th U.S. state.
1805 – Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate.
1809 - The Illinois Territory is separated from the Indiana Territory.
1811 – Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
1815 – Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
1836 – A Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
1840 – Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
1845 – US President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
1847 - The State of Michigan officially gets rid of capital punishment.
1852 – Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
1854 – German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg.
1867 – Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
1870 - The death of President Francisco Solano Lopez of Paraguay ends the War of the Triple Alliance.
1872 – Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.
1873 – E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York, start production of the first practical typewriter.
1873 – Henry Comstock discovers the Comstock Lode in Virginia City, Nevada.
1879 - War of the Pacific: Bolivia declares war on Chile after its occupation of the port city of Antofagasta.
1886 – Anglo-Chinese School was founded in Singapore by Bishop William Oldham.
1893 - Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri.
1896 – Battle of Adowa, in which Ethiopia defended its independence against Italy, begins.
The Italian invasion, with 100,000 troops, is defeated, ending the First Italo-Abyssinian War.
1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
1901 - The Australian Army is founded.
1910 - The deadliest avalanche in US history buries a Great Northern Railway train in Wellington, Northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.
1912 – Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving airplane.
1914 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
1917 – U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
1918 – German submarine Unterseeboot 19 (U-19) sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island.
1919 – March 1st Movement begins in Korea.
1920 - Hungary's parliament elects Miklos Horthy as regent.
1921 - The Australian cricket team wins all of its games in The Ashes series against England, while being captained by Warwick Armstrong.
They do not repeat this feat again until the beginning of 2007.
1925 - The Schilling becomes the official currency of Austria.
1932 – The son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped.
He is later found dead.
1936 – The Hoover Dam is completed, on the border of Arizona and Nevada.
1939 - A Japanese Imperial Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, killing 94 people.
1941 – World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact thus joining the Axis powers.
1941 – W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) begins operations in Nashville, Tennessee, becoming the first FM radio station in the U.S..
1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
1949 – Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.
1950 - Chiang Kai-shek declares the Republic of China on Taiwan.
1950 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by giving them top secret atomic bomb data.
1953 – Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke.
He dies four days later.
1954 – Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
1954 – Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.
1955 – Allen Fieldhouse at the University of Kansas hosts its first college basketball game.
1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
1958 – Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, is appointed Pro-Perfect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
1961 – President of the United States John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
1961 – Uganda becomes self-governing as its first elections held.
1962 – American Airlines Flight 1 crashes on takeoff in New York.
1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.
1966 – The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
1969 – During a performance at Miami's Dinner Key Auditorium, Jim Morrison of the Doors is arrested for exposing himself during the show.
1969 – John Kerry officially leaves active duty in Vietnam.
1971 – A bomb explodes in a men's room in the White House; the Weather Underground claims responsibility.
1971 – Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postponed the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
1972 – The Thai province of Yasothon is created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani province.
1974 – Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
1975 – Colour television transmissions begin in Australia.
1978 – Charlie Chaplin's coffin is stolen from a Swiss cemetery.
1979 - In a devolution referendum, a majority of voters in Scotland support the proposal for more powers, but this is rejected because of a low turnout.
A similar proposal in Wales is rejected by a majority of voters.
1980 – Voyager 1 probe confirms that Janus (moon of Saturn) exists.
1983 – Swatch introduces their first timepieces.
1989 – The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
1989 - Beer is legalised in Iceland.
1990 – Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
1992 - Bosnia and Herzegovina declares independence.
1994 - South Africa hands Walvis Bay over to Namibian control.
1994 – Seattle grunge band Nirvana play their last show in Munich, Germany.
1995 – Polish Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak resigns from parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Józef Oleksy.
1995 - Yahoo!
is incorporated.
1998 - Titanic becomes the first movie to earn over a billion United States Dollars worldwide.
2000 – The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
On the same day, Tarja Halonen becomes Finland's first female President.
2000 – Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
2002 – United States war in Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.
2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800 kilometers (500 miles) above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500 kilograms (9.5 tons).
2002 – The peseta is discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€).
The same happens with the old currencies of the then-12 other Eurozone countries.
2003 – Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
2004 – Terry Nichols is convicted of state murder charges and accomplice to the Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh starts his trial in McAlester, Oklahoma.
2004 – The TV game show The Price is Right airs its 6,000th episode.
2004 – Punycode adopted by the national registrars of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
2004 – Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.
2005 - Tabaré Vazquez becomes President of Uruguay.
2006 – The English-language Wikipedia publishes its 1,000,000th article, on Jordanhill Railway Station in Scotland.
2006 - The Senedd building in Cardiff, housing the Welsh National Assembly, is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II.
2007 - A tornado outbreak in the Southern United States kills 20 people, including 8 at a High School in Enterprise, Alabama.
2007 - "Squatters" are evicted from Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Riots start shortly after.
2008 - Armenian police clash with a peaceful protest against disputed election results.
10 people are killed.
2010 - José Mujica becomes President of Uruguay.
2012 - Sauli Niinistö becomes President of Finland, succeeding Tarja Halonen.
2014 - Euromaidan: Russia decides to intervene in Ukraine.
2014 - A knife attack at a station in Kunming, Southwestern China, kills 30 people.
2015 - Tabaré Vazquez becomes President of Uruguay for a second time.
2017 - Same-sex marriage becomes legal in Finland.
2018 - Carles Puigdemont gives up in his attempt to be reinstated as President of Catalonia, having been removed from this office by the Spanish government following the region's disputed referendum on independence from Spain in October 2017, and the resulting declaration of independence.
40 – Martial, Roman poet (d. 102)
1389 - Antonius of Florence, Archbishop of Florence (d. 1459)
1432 - Isabel of Coimbra, Queen of Portugal (d. 1455)
1445 – Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (d. 1510)
1456 – Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1516)
1547 - Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (d. 1628)
1597 – Jean-Charles de la Faille, Flemish mathematician (d. 1652)
1611 - John Pell, English mathematician (d. 1685)
1644 - Simon Foucher, French philosopher (d. 1696)
1657 – Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian (d. 1740)