the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In 2006, Benson worked with artist Ben Templesmith on Demon Father John’s Pinwheel Blues published by IDW.
Benson and Golden have also worked together on two supernatural thrillers: Ghosts of Albion: Accursed and Ghosts of Albion: Witchery.
These books follow the stories of Tamara and William Swift, characters from the BBC computer animated web movie Ghosts of Albion: Legacy.
In September 2007, Benson signed a three-book deal with Penguin Books.
The first book is believed to be titled Death's Daughter.
Career: miscellaneous
In 2003, she worked with director James Kerwin to produce her play, Albert Hall, in Hollywood.
Benson sang in the Buffy the Vampire Slayer musical episode "Once More, With Feeling".
She sang on the songs "I've Got a Theory / Bunnies / If We're Together", "Under Your Spell" (her solo), "Walk Through the Fire", "Standing/Under Your Spell (Reprise)" and "Where Do We Go From Here?"
She also sang "Toucha Toucha Touch Me" (aka "Creature of the Night") at VH-1's celebrity karaoke tribute to The Rocky Horror Picture Show.
On the November 11, 2000 episode of the radio show Loveline, Amber (at age 23) said that she did not have a driver's license, that her mother drove her to the studio.
As of 2007, Benson resides in Los Angeles, California.
King of the Hill (1993 movie; not the TV series) - as Ella McShane
The Crush  (1993) - as Cheyenne
S.F.W.  (1994) - as Barbara 'Babs' Wyler
Imaginary Crimes (1994)  - as Margaret
Bye Bye Love (1995)  - as Meg Damico
Can't Hardly Wait (1998)  - as Stephanie, the Stoned Banana-holding Girl (scenes deleted from the final cut)
Take It Easy (1999)  - as Justy
Deadtime (1999) - as Patty
The Prime Gig (2000) - as Batgirl
Hollywood, Pennsylvania (2001) - as Mandy Calhoun
Don's Plum (2001) - as Amy
Taboo (2002) - as Piper
Chance (2002) - as Chance
Latter Days (2003) - as Traci Levine
Intermedio (2005) - as Barbie
Race You to the Bottom (2005) - as Maggie
Lovers, Liars & Lunatics (2006) - as Justine
Angst (2006) - as Julia
Simple Things (2006) - as Sally
Tripping Forward (2006) - as Gwen
Strictly Sexual (2006) - as Donna
Girltrash! (
2007) - Svetlana 'Lana' Dragovich
Kiss the Bride (2007) - as Elly
One-Eyed Monster (2007) - as Laura
Shifter (2008) - as Kimi
(Includes made-for-TV movies and TV series)
Jack Reed: Badge of Honor (1993) TV movie - Nicole Reed
Jack Reed: A Search for Justice (1994) TV movie - Nicole Reed
Jack Reed: One of Our Own (1995) TV movie - Nicole Reed
Promised Land (1998) TV series  - Amy Farnsworth (episode titled "Out of Bounds")
Cracker (1999) TV series  - Amy (episode titled "The Club")
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (in 1999-2002 seasons) TV series - Tara Maclay
The Enforcers (2001) TV miniseries - Abby
Cold Case (2004) TV series  - Julia Hoffman (episode titled "Volunteers")
The Inside (2005) TV series - Allison Davis (episode titled "The Perfect Couple")
Supernatural (2006) TV series  - Lenore (episode titled "Bloodlust")
Holiday Wishes (2006) TV movie - Danni Hartford
Gryphon (2007) TV movie - Princess Amelia of Lockland
Ghosts of Albion
Accursed (with Christopher Golden) (Del Rey, 2005)
Witchery (with Christopher Golden) (Del Rey, 2006)
The Ghosts of Albion Roleplaying Game (with Timothy S. Brannan and Christopher Golden) (Eden Studios, 2007)
Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Willow & Tara (2003)
WannaBlessedBe (with Christopher Golden)
Wilderness, Part 1 (with Christopher Golden)
Wilderness, Part 2 (with Christopher Golden)
Shadowplay #1-4 (with Ben Templesmith) (2006)
The Seven Whistlers (with Christopher Golden) (2006)
Amber Benson - amberbenson.net
Interview at Flames Rising (October 2005)
Interview at LesbiaNation.com  (May 2007)
Interview at SlayerLit
He was federal minister of economic cooperation and development (1961–1966), but he persuaded the FDP to leave Ludwig Erhard's coalition government in late 1966.
This forced elections in Germany, and Kurt Georg Kiesinger became chancellor.
In 1969 his party formed a new coalition with the Social Democrats.
He became Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor.
With Willy Brandt his foreign policy meant the Federal Republic of Germany promised not to try and get back the parts of Germany given to Poland and the USSR.
The treaty with Poland actually defined the western border of Poland, not the border between Poland and Germany.
It is the same thing, but meant Poland could sign a treaty with West Germany that described the border of East Germany.
Like most ex German presidents, Scheel retired from political life term ended.
He sometimes appeared on political talk shows or events.
At the funeral of the murdered businessman Hanns Martin Schleyer in October 1977, Scheel gave a speech entitled shame.
Scheel died on 24 August 2016 following a long illness.
Having lived to  he holds the record as the longest-lived German head of state, either imperial or elected.
People from Solingen
Politicians of the Free Democratic Party of Germany
Norman Kingsley Mailer (January 31, 1923 – November 10, 2007) was an American writer and journalist.
He was born in Long Branch, New Jersey and raised in Brooklyn, New York City.
Along with Truman Capote, Joan Didion, and Tom Wolfe, Mailer writes creative nonfiction, sometimes called New Journalism, but which covers the essay to the nonfiction novel.
He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize twice and the National Book Award once on his journalism career.
In 1955, Mailer, along with Ed Fancher and Dan Wolf, first published The Village Voice, which was shown to the Greenwich Village.
In 2005, he won the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters from The National Book Foundation.
The Norman Mailer Society
Norman Mailer at Books and Writers
Norman Mailer on American Masters (PBS Broadcast)
Norman Mailer's writing on the Huffington Post
Norman Mailer New York Review of Books author profile and archive includes list of reviews, letters, and essays from over 40 years, along with a bibliography
Journalists from New Jersey
Journalists from New York
The Lion King is an animated movie made by Walt Disney in 1994.
It was the most successful animated movie of the 1990s.
The movie is about a young lion prince who learns about his role as prince and in the circle of life.
It is dedicated to Frank Wells.
Wells was the president of The Walt Disney Company.
He died shortly before the movie was released into theaters.
The movie was the first full-length Disney movie with no human characters since Bambi.
Most of the voice acting was done by well-known actors.
This includes Matthew Broderick, Nathan Lane, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, Rowan Atkinson and Jonathan Taylor Thomas.
The Lion King is a [[musical movie|musical].
The music for the songs was written by Elton John.
Computer animation was used a lot to make the movie.
When the movie was released, it was the most successful movie worldwide.
It was behind Forrest Gump as most successful in the United States that year.
The movie was the most successful animated feature movie of all time until Finding Nemo. ,
the movie has earned with over 1 billion dollars worldwide.
The movie was also made into an award-winning stage musical.
The stage show first opened on November 13, 1997 in New York City.
It has been a big success.
A version opened later in London, England.
It is one of the United Kingdom's biggest and most popular shows.
Many other shows of The Lion King have been shown across the world.
In the opening scene, many animals and birds gather to see Simba, who had just been born.
Simba is the son of Mufasa and Sarabi.
Rafiki picks up Simba.
He lifts Simba so that all of the animals can see him.
The animals celebrate and rejoice.
Scar, Mufasa's brother, is jealous.
Simba will be king instead of him.
Scar lies to Simba about a called the Elephant Graveyard.
Scar says that only brave lions go there.
This makes Simba interested but Mufasa has has told  Simba that he is not allowed to go there.
Simba tells his mother that he is going to the Water Hole when he is actually going to the Elephant Graveyard.
Simba's best friend Nala and Zazu go with Simba.
Simba and Nala run away from Zazu.
Simba and Nala find the Elephant Graveyard.
They are  chased by the three Hyaenas Shenzi, Banzai and Ed.
Mufasa saves Simba and Nala and takes them both home.
Mufasa talks to Simba alone.
He  explains to Simba that being brave is not about looking for danger.
He also says that the great kings of the past look down from the stars and watch over him.
Scar is angry with the hyenas because they did not kill Simba.
It is shown that the hyenas are working for Scar.
The next.
day Scar takes Simba into a gorge.
He tells him that Mufasa has a wonderful surprise waiting.
Scar has actually planned a wildebeest stampede.
Simba is trapped in the gorge as the wildebeest run towards him.
Scar tells Mufasa that Simba is in trouble.
Mufasa rescues his son.
Scar then throws Mufasa into the stampede and Mufasa dies.
Scar blames Simba for the death of Mufasa and Simba runs away.
Scar becomes king and tells everyone that Simba and Mufasa are dead.
Simba runs to a desert and collapses.
He is rescued by Timon the meerkat and Pumbaa the warthog.
Timon and Pumbaa live in the jungle.
Timon and Pumbaa look after Simba until Simba is an adult lion.
One day a female lion comes to the jungle and tries to kill and eat Pumbaa.
Simba fights the lioness because he wants to save Pumbaa's life.
While the two lions are fighting,  Simba finds out that the other lion is his friend Nala.
They are very happy to see each other and they fall in love.
Nala wants Simba to go home and fight Scar because Scar is a bad king.
Simba does not want go home because he thinks that he killed Mufasa.
He does not want his family to know this.
Rafiki comes to the jungle and takes Simba to a field.
In the sky above the field, Mufasa's ghost appears and tells Simba that he must go home because Simba is the true king.
After this Simba goes home.
Nala, Timon and Pumbaa follow him.
When they get there, they see that the land is dry and the animals have gone.
Simba sees Scar hitting Sarabi.
This makes Simba's love for Scar turn to hatred.
He tries to make Scar step down.
Scar does not and makes Simba fall over the edge of Pride Rock.
Simba does not fall and holds on to the edge.
Scar thinks that he was won.
He tells Simba the truth about the death of Mufasa.
Scar tells Simba that he actually killed Mufasa.
Simba is upset and a big fight happens.
The female lions fight the hyenas and Simba fights Scar.
Scar does not want to die.
He lies to Simba that the hyenas are to blame for everything.
Simba throws Scar over the edge.
Scar does not die after the fall.
The hyenas attack and kill.
They are angry that Scar blamed them.
At the end of the movie,  Rafiki picks up Kiara, Simba's daughter and Mufasa's granddaughter, and lifts her up so the animals below can see.
Simba - Mufasa's son, Scar's nephew, Nala's eventual husband, and the future king.
Nala - Simba's eventual wife and the future queen.
Timon and Pumbaa - A meerkat and a warthog who adopt Simba as a cub.
Mufasa - King at the start of the movie, Simba's father and Scar's older brother.
Scar - Simba's arch-nemesis and uncle and  Mufasa's  younger brother.
Shenzi, Banzai, and Ed - Three hyenas who are Scar's henchmen.
Rafiki - A mandrill shaman.
Zazu - A hornbill who serves as adviser to The Lion King.
Box office performance
The Lion King received many award nominations.
These include the Academy Award for Best Original Score (by Hans Zimmer) and the Golden Globe award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
It won both.
The song "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" by Elton John and Tim Rice won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the Golden Globe for Best Original Song, the BMI Film Music Award, and the Grammy Award for Best Vocal Performance Male.
Other awards include:
Best Original Score (Won)
Best Original Song for "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (Won)
Best Original Song for "Circle of Life" (Nominated)
Best Original Song for "Hakuna Matata" (Nominated)
Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy (Won)
Best Animated Feature (Won)
Best Achievement for Voice Acting to Jeremy Irons for voicing Scar (Won)
Best Individual Achievement for Story Contribution in the Field of Animation (Won)
Best Individual Achievement for Artistic Excellence in the Field of Animation (Nominated, lost to The Nightmare Before Christmas.)
Best Fantasy Film (Nominated, lost to Forrest Gump.)
Best Performance by a Younger Actor to Jonathan Taylor Thomas for voicing young Simba (Nominated, lost to Kirsten Dunst for Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles.)
Best DVD Classic Film Release in 2004 (Nominated, lost to The Adventures of Robin Hood.)
Award for Best Sound (Nominated, lost to Speed.)
Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music (Nominated, lost to Backbeat.)
BMI Film Music Award for "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (Won)
Most Performed Song from a Film "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (Won)
Best Vocal Performance Male to Elton John for "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (Won)
Song of the Year for "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (Nominated, lost to "Streets of Philadelphia" from Philadelphia.)
Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media for "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (Nominated, lost to "Streets of Philadelphia" from Philadelphia.)
Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media for "Circle of Life" (Nominated, lost to "Streets of Philadelphia" from Philadelphia.)
Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television (Nominated, lost to Schindler's List.)
Best Villain for Jeremy Irons (Nominated, lost to Dennis Hopper for Speed.)
Best Song From A Movie for "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (Nominated, lost to "Big Empty" from The Crow.)
Favorite Movie (Won)
Sequels and spin-offs
The Lion King was so successful that Disney created a  sequel called The Lion King II: Simba's Pride and a television series called The Lion King's Timon and Pumbaa.
A second sequel, The Lion King 1½, was released on February 10, 2004.
A preschool series called The Lion Guard is currently airing on Disney Junior.
The Lion King had a special edition that was released in IMAX cinemas.
"SEX"
In one scene of the movie, it looks as if animators had written the word "sex" into some of the frames of animation.
However, they wanted to show the letters "SFX" (meaning "special effects").
In The Lion King DVD the word has been taken out.
Kimba the White Lion
Kimba the White Lion is an animated television program from the 1960s.
It was made in Japan by Osamu Tezuka.
Some characters and parts of the story in The Lion King are similar to Kimba the White Lion but Disney has said that it was not done on purpose.
In one scene with Timon and Pumbaa, they both sing "The Lion Sleeps Tonight".
This has caused problems between Disney and the family of South African Solomon Linda, who composed the song (originally titled "Mbube") in 1939.
In July 2004, the family went to court, seeking $1.6 million in royalties from Disney.
In February 2006, Linda's family reached a legal settlement with Abilene Music, who held the worldwide rights and had let Disney us the song.
Hidden racism
Upon its release, some critics complained that the hyenas in the movie were negative (bad) racial stereotypes of African-American people and Hispanic people.
Hamas' propaganda
In August 2007, the Hamas terrorist group made an animated propaganda movie that made fun of the style of The Lion King.
The programme was shown on their television station, Al-Aqsa TV.
Hamas was shown as a lion that chased and killed rats that looked like members of the secular Fatah group in Gaza.
The programme was shown for a short time but was taken off the air for changes.
"Circle of Life"
"I Just Can't Wait to Be King"
"Be Prepared"
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight?"
"The Bait Song" (Timon & Pumbaa's Hula)
Official Disney page
1990s animated movies
Movies about lions
Movies based on plays by William Shakespeare
IMAX movies
Kelly Michelle Lee Osbourne (born 27 October 1984, in London) is an English singer and actress.
She is the daughter of the singer Ozzy Osbourne.
Osborne is one of the co-presenters in the E!
programme Fashion Police.
She also presents a programme on BBC Radio 1 called The Surgery on Sunday evening.
Her duet song with her father, singer Ozzy Osbourne, "Changes", received much praise.
The Official Kelly Osbourne Website
Kelly Osbourne at bbc.co.uk
He is well known for greatly simplifying and writing about the style of cooking known as haute cuisine, the high art of French cooking.
He was known as "chef of kings and king of chefs", because he cooked for royalty, and is often thought of as the first celebrity chef.
Carême was born Paris, but was abandoned in 1792 because his parents were very poor.
He worked as a kitchen boy at a cheap Paris cafe in exchange for a room and food.
In 1798, he was apprenticed to Sylvain Bailly, a famous pâtissier (cake baker) with a shop near the Palais-Royal.
Carême gained fame in Paris for his cake centrepieces, which Bailly put in the pâtisserie window.
The centerpieces were sometimes several feet high, and were only made out of foodstuffs such as sugar, marzipan, and pastry.
He modelled them on temples, pyramids, and ancient ruins which he read about in the books he studied at the French national library (Bibliothéque Nationale).
Some of his sugar works were so strong that court jesters could dance on them to entertain the king.
Carême also worked for other people, for example the French diplomat and gourmand Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, and other members of Parisian high society, including Napoleon.
When he worked in the private kitchens he quickly learned about main courses.
Napoleon was not interested in having fancy food, but he knew of social contacts that were important for diplomats.
In 1804, he gave Talleyrand money to buy Château de Valençay.
When Talleyrand moved there, he took Carême with him.
Carême was set a test by Talleyrand: he had to create a whole year’s worth of menus, without repeating them, and use only food that was in season.
Carême passed the test and finished his training in Talleyrand's kitchens.
When Napoléon was defeated Carême went to London for a time and served as chef de cuisine to the Prince Regent, later George IV.
He returned to Europe to work for Czar Alexander I in St. Petersburg, before returning to Paris, where he was chef to banker James Mayer Rothschild.
Carême's is said to have started service à la russe (serving each course in the order printed on the menu) instead of service à la française (serving all dishes at once)
Carême's career.
Paul Metzner, Crescendo of the Virtuoso (UC Press,1998.)
NPR: Antonin Careme: The First Celebrity Chef - All Things Considered, May 25, 2004 - Biography Highlights Career of a 19th-Century Culinary Star
French chefs
The X Window System is a set of protocols and programs.
It is also known as X11, or simply X. It can manage windows, and other components of a graphical user interface on a bitmap display.
This way of doing graphics is most common in Unix-like operating systems.
X provides the basic components to build GUI environments: drawing and moving windows on the screen and interacting with a mouse or a keyboard.
X does not say what the user interface should look like different client programs handle this.
Different X11-based environments have radically different designs.
X is not a part of the operating system; instead, it is built as an additional program on top of the operating system.
Unlike previous display protocols, X was specifically designed to be used over network connections rather than on a display near the computer.
X has network transparency: the machine where an application program (the client application) runs need not be the user's local machine (the display server).
X was developed at MIT in 1984.
The current protocol version, X11, appeared in September 1987.
The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, version 11 release 7.7 (6 June 2012), available as free software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Mammaliforms have highly specialized molar teeth, with cusps and flat regions for grinding food.
This is a single inherited system in present mammals, but it seems to have evolved convergently in pre-mammals more than once.
Instead of having many teeth that are frequently replaced, mammals have one set of baby teeth and later one set of adult teeth which fit together precisely.
This may help to grind food, and make it easier to digest.
Lactation (milk) and fur, along with other features, also characterize the Mammaliaformes, though these traits are difficult to study in the fossil record.
The fossilized remains of Castorocauda lutrasimilis are an exception to this.
Evolution of early mammals
Fossils of Mesozoic proto-mammals are scarce.
There were only 116 in 1979, but this has changed in recent times.
There were about 310 in 2007, with an increase in quality: there are "at least 18 Mesozoic mammals [with] nearly complete skeletons".
Ecological niches in the Mesozoic
There is still some truth in the "small, nocturnal insectivores" stereotype, but recent finds show that proto-mammals gradually developed a variety of lifestyles.
Castorocauda, a member of Docodonta lived in the Middle Jurassic about 164 million years ago (mya).
It was about  long, weighed , had limbs that were adapted for swimming and digging and teeth adapted for eating fish.
Another docodont, Haldanodon, also had semi-aquatic habits.
Aquatic tendencies were probably common among docodonts, since they lived in wetland environments.
Multituberculates are allotherians that survived for over 125 mya (from mid-Jurassic, about 160 mya, to late Eocene, about 35 mya) are often called the "rodents of the Mesozoic".
They may have given birth to tiny live neonates rather than laying eggs.
Fruitafossor, from the Upper Jurassic about 150 mya, was about the size of a chipmunk.
Its teeth, forelimbs and back suggest that it broke open the nest of social insects to prey on them (probably termites.
Spinolestes also had adaptations for digging, so it also might have had anteater-like habits.
It is notable for quills like those of modern spiny mice.
Volaticotherium is from the boundary with the Lower Cretaceous about 125 mya.
It is the earliest-known gliding mammal and had a gliding membrane that stretched out between its limbs, rather like a modern flying squirrel.
This suggests it was active mainly during the day.
It is not the only example of this type of locomotion.
Repenomamus, from the early Cretaceous 130 mya, was a stocky, badger-like predator that sometimes preyed on young dinosaurs.
Two species have been recognized, the largest over a metre long.
Ichthyoconodon is known from mollariforms found in marine deposits.
These teeth are sharp-cusped and similar in shape to those of piscivorous mammals.
This has been taken to mean that it was a marine mammal, one of the few examples known from the Mesozoic.
MAMMALIAFORMES
Branch Allotheria
Sinoconodonta
Morganucodonta
Haramiyida
Symmetrodonta
Theriodonts
The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland in the middle of the brain of humans and other vertebrates.
It makes and releases the hormone named melatonin.
There is almost no melatonin in the blood in the daytime.
At the end of the day, melatonin in the blood allows sleepiness in humans and other animals which sleep at night.
There is melatonin in the blood all night, while the person or animal is sleeping.
In the morning, there is less and less melatonin in the blood.
When light enters the eyes, the melatonin of the blood goes away.
Some people have circadian rhythm sleep disorders which make them sleepy much earlier or much later than normal.
The most common one is Delayed Sleep-Phase Disorder (DSPD, or Delayed Sleep-Phase Syndrome, DSPS).
People with DSPD usually go to bed at 3 in the morning or later but they sleep normally for at least eight hours.
Eakin R.M 1973.
The third eye.
Guyton A.C. & Hall J.E. 2001.
Textbook of medical physiology.
10th ed, Saunders.
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, commonly shortened to GHB)  is a chemical substance.
Small quantities of it can be found in the central nervous system of many animals.
It can also be discovered in wine, beef and small citrus fruits.
Many countries have regulated it as an illegal drug, even though it can be used in medicine.
It can be used as an anesthetic, and a sedative.
In the past it has been used to treat insomnia and depression.
It can also help people who have a problem with alcoholism or cataplexy.
In patients with narcolepsy it has been used to treat sleepiness during the day.
Athletes have used it to make their performance better.
The drug has been used as a recreational drug.
This is because it can make a person euphoric.
Many countries have made it illegal if it is not used as medicine.
Its most common name as an illegal drug is probably liquid Ecstasy.
However, ecstasy is a different drug that is unrelated to GHB.
GHB is naturally produced in the human body's cells.
Its chemical structure is similar to that of ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate.
As a supplement or drug, it is used most as a salt.
GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation.
Small amounts of the substance can be found in some beers and wines.
GHB can cause 'GHB comas'.
This is when people faint or become unconscious.
This is what causes most deaths.
Use as an illegal drug
GHB is a depressant of the central nervous system.
Its effects have been described as similar to those of alcohol or ecstasy.
People feel in a good mood.
They also lower their inhibitions.
If the dose is increased, the symptoms include nausea, drowsiness, breathing problems, amnesia, unconsciousness and death.
The effect of GHB lasts between 1.5 and 3 hours, but may be longer.
They can be longer if the drug is mixed with alcohol, or a large dosis was taken.
Certain substances called "pro-drugs", are changed to GHB in the stomach.
One such drug, is gamma-butyrolactone.
Such products are also a problem.
Lots of them are used in industrial processes.
An example of this are paint strippers.
What is fine for use in industry may be bad for humans.
The Reichsmark (which was shown with the symbol RM) was the currency in Germany from 1924 until June 20, 1948.
One Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 Reichspfennig.
Banknotes images
Coins of the Third Reich
Plum is a color similar to purple.
The name comes from the fruit called a plum.
The first written use of plum as a color name in English was in 1805.
Meaning of plum
In business, the color plum represents a business deal that is profitable—a plum contract.
A plum job is a job that one is assigned to that has a high salary or the job may be a sinecure with good pay but not much work to do.
Thus, the color plum represents prosperity.
Tones of plum color comparison chart
The Co-operative Party is a small centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that supports cooperative ideas and values.
Its candidates must be members of the Labour Party as well, and stand as "Labour and Co-operative Party" candidates.
The party today
It is the political part of the wider British co-operative movement, and all members of the party must be members of a co-operative business.
Those who want to stand for election must also be members of the Labour Party.
Most of the party’s money is from grants made by the retail co-operative societies, and from the fee charged for managing the political affairs of Co-operatives UK, formerly known as the Co-operative Union.
Local parties are not based on constituencies, but around a major local retail society, which gives most of the money a local Party Council has.
The Party council organises local  branches to organise local activity and liaise with Constituency Labour Parties.
Some Parties exist without Society support, known as voluntary parties.
At first the Co-operative Party was mostly concerned with the problems of the co-op movement.
Since the 1930s it has become a more mainstream political, but it still wants better recognition and protection for co-operative business, the social economy, and to advance support for co-operatives and co-operation across Europe and the developing world.
The party also stands for a sustainable economy and society.
In 2005 there were 29 MPs in the Co-operative Parliamentary Group, who are also members of the Parliamentary Labour Party in the British House of Commons, 8 Members of the Scottish Parliament, 4 Members of the Welsh Assembly and 11 Members of the House of Lords, as well as over 700 local councillors.
There is also an informal Co-operative Party group in the European Parliament.
The election agreement between the Co-operative and Labour Parties means that 30 candidates can stand as  "Labour Co-operative" candidates, and get money for election expenses from the Co-operative Party.
There are many other Labour MPs who are Co-operative Party members but are not sponsored.
One of these was Gareth Thomas MP, chair of the Co-operative Party since 2001 and of the Co-operative Congress in 2003, who was invited to join the parliamentary group in 2003.
The Party has not registered a logo with the electoral commission for use on ballot papers, as candidates use the Labour Party "Rose" logo.
Under UK law a party and a logo must be registered if either are to be used on a ballot paper in an election
The Party holds an annual conference.
The 2006 conference was held in Sheffield in September 2006.
Joint Parliamentary Committee
The Joint Parliamentary Committee was set up in 1881 by The Co-operative Union.
It was not set up to get MPs elected, but to watch over what was happening in parliament, and to lobby sympathetic MPs.
The Co-operative Union Annual Congress tried to get a regular party set up but the retail societies would not give any money.
At the start of the war, the many retail societies in the Co-op movement grew, partly because they were  very public about "anti-profiteering".
Making a large profit in war time was seen as not being patriotic or helping the country.
When conscription (men were ordered into the army) was started and food and fuel supplies restricted, the co-op societies began to suffer.
The co-ops were started by ordinary workers, but the government distribution committees and draft tribunals were usually run by members of the upper classes and gentry.
Co-ops smaller amounts of food to sell, and coop managers were often drafted, whereas business opponents were able to have even clerks declared vital for the war effort.
Co-op Societies were also made to pay "excess profits tax" even though as co-operatives they made no profits.
Central Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee
An Emergency Political Conference was held on 18 October 1917.
As a result, the Central Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee was formed in 1917, with the objective of putting co-operators into the House of Commons.
This was soon renamed the Co-operative Party.
At first the party put forward its own candidates.
The first was H J May, later Secretary of the International Co-operative Alliance.
He was unsuccessful at the 1918 Prestwich by-election.
Ten people stood in the 1918 general election.
One candidate was elected: Alfred Waterson who became a Member of Parliament for the Kettering seat.
Waterson took the Labour whip in Parliament.
In 1919, 151 Co-operative Party local councillors.
Waterson retired from Parliament in 1922, but four new Co-operative MPs were elected that same year, including A.V. Alexander.
All of them took the Labour whip.
Six were elected in 1923 and five in 1924.
However, since the 1927 Cheltenham Agreement, the party has had an electoral agreement with the Labour Party, which allows for a limited number of Labour Co-operative candidates.
This means that the parties do not waste resources by opposing each other.
The agreement has been changed several times, most recently in 2003.
The 2003 agreement was the first between the Labour Party and the Co-operative Party, instead of the Co-operative Societies.
After the first formal agreement, nine Labour Co-op MPs were elected at the 1929 general election, and Alexander was made a cabinet minister.
However, only one was returned at the 1931 election against the backdrop of a massive defeat for Labour.
The rise of the sister party
The Labour party recovered from the bad election of 1931 and was in government during World War II.
This helped the Co-operative Party through the formal election links.. In 1945, 23 Labour Co-op MPs were elected and two had high office in the Labour government - Alexander and Alfred Barnes, who had been chair of the Party.
After the war the co-operative movement declined  and so did the influence of the Party.
By 1983 only eight Labour Co-op MPs were elected.
However, in 1997, all 23 candidates won seats in Parliament and, in 2001, only one was defeated, Faye Tinnion who had stood against the Leader of the Conservative Party, William Hague.
Gordon Brown is very interested in the co-operative principles of self-help, and this support allowed the co-operative movement to make representations, and sponsor important bills on updating company law, employee share ownership and micro-generation of energy.
Chairs of the Co-operative Party
1918-1924  Mr W. H. Watkins
1924-1945  Alfred Barnes MP
1945-1955  William Coldrick MP
1955-1957  Mr A. Ballard
1957-1965  James, later Lord, Peddie
1965-1972  Mr H. Kemp CSD, JP
1972-1978  Mr A. J. Parkinson
1978-1982  Mr T. Turvey JP
1982-1989  Mr B. Hellowell
1989-1995  Mrs J. Carnegie
1995-1996  Mr P. Nurse
1996-2001  Jim Lee
2001-present  Gareth Thomas MP
Noted co-op politicians
Alfred Waterson - first Co-op MP
Albert Victor "AV" Alexander (1885 - 1965)
Ted Graham, Lord Graham of Edmondton
Pauline Green - former Labour Co-op MEP, leader of the Party of European Socialists
Ed Balls - Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families, former economic adviser to Gordon Brown and MP for Normanton in West Yorkshire since May 2005
See UK Co-operative Party politicians and List of Labour Co-operative Members of Parliament for wider lists.
The Co-operative Party - At a Glance (2003), John Blizzard & Richard Tomlinson, The Co-operative Party.
Co-operative Party Website
Co-operative movement
The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 2,112: 1,043 men and 1,069 women.
The town was founded in 1504 by Diego Velázquez, who later went to conquest the island of Cuba, on the left side of the Artibonite river.
It was an important town in those years but later it lost its importance.
In the 18th century, the Spanish government moved the city to its present place, away from the river, and brought families from the Canary Islands to live there.
When the Haitian independence, most of the people moved to other places.
When the Haitians occupied the eastern part of the island (the present Dominican Republic), they founded again the town as part of the Artibonite department.
After the Dominican Independence in 1844, the town was made a municipality of the Azua province.
But again the town was abandoned by its inhabitants.
After the "Restoration War" (1863 - 1865), some families from other towns near the Haitian border came to live in Bánica.
Bánica is at  to the west of Santo Domingo and  to the northeast of Comendador.
Iglesia de San Francisco de Asís (Saint Francis of Assisi Church).
It is a very interesting colonial Catholic church.
It is not known when it was built but in 1740 the Bishop Domingo Pantaleón Álvarez Abréu wrote that in Bánica "there is a new church".
Reloj de sol (Sundial).
In one of his faces there is a date, "1795", that could be the date when it was built.
There were only two sundials in the old Spanish colony: one in Santo Domingo and another in Bánica.
Cerro de San Francisco (Saint Francis Hill).
It is a rocky hill at  from the city.
Here there is a cave visited by many people to pray to Saint Francis; they get wet with water that falls from the top of the cave and they put limestone dust in their faces so when they get back to town they are identified by their white faces.
The hill is protected by law because here there is the only wild population of Pereskia marcanoi, a cactus with leaves and beautiful small purple flowers; its common name is Rosa de Bánica ("Bánica Rose").
1504 establishments in the Spanish Empire
{{Taxobox
| name = Soap bark tree
| image = Quillaja 608.JPG
| regnum = Plantae
| divisio = Magnoliophyta
| classis = Magnoliopsida
| ordo = Fabales
| familia = Quillajaceae<ref name="V Tech">APG II 2003 listing  notes that Quillajaceae is a part of the order Fabales and no longer a part of the family Rosaceae (order Rosales)</ref>
| genus = Quillaja| species = Q. saponaria| binomial = Quillaja saponaria| binomial_authority = Molina
Soap bark tree (Quillaja saponaria) is a tree of the family Quillajaceae''.
In commerce, it is known as Panama wood.
The tree grows naturally from warm temperate central Chile north to Bolivia and Peru.
It can grow to  to  high.
The Soap bark tree gets its name because the inner bark can be made into a powder which can be used as soap.
Its compounds are also used as foam in beer and other drinks.
The tree also has medicinal uses.
Quillay is an evergreen tree, with grey bark.
Alternate leaves, glaber, acute apex and obtuse base, bright green, near entire margins with 4-8 teeth.
Flowers light green or white, hermaphrodite, pentamer, radiate.
Five petals, 5 sepals, 10 stamens and 5 pistils.
Fruit: a star-shape capsule, with winged seeds.
Clarence E. "Bud" Anderson (b. January 13, 1922 in Oakland, California) was a fighter pilot in the United States Air Force.
He joined the Air Force in 1942.
During World War II, he flew a P-51 Mustang named "Old Crow".
He had 16 kills, and was a triple ace.
At the end of World War II, he was a captain.
He flew an F-105 Thunderchief in the Vietnam War.
He retired from the Air Force in 1972.
He was also a test pilot.
The idea was first thought of in 1965 during the Vietnam War, because North Vietnamese surface-to-air missiles, or "SAMs" were destroying American aircraft.
The first Wild Weasel airplane was the F-100 Super Sabre, a variant of the F-86 Sabre.
In 1966, the F-105 Thunderchief took the job.
After that, a new kind of F-4 Phantom IIs, the "G" model was used as a Wild Weasel.
During the Gulf War of 1991, Wild Weasel missions were done by the F4-G  and not theF-16 Fighting Falcon, a light fighter-bomber that can also battle enemy fighter aircraft.
Currently, the F-16CJ does this.
They were being used in the Iraq War.
Weapons used
In the Vietnam War, the main missile used by Wild Weasels was the AGM-45 Shrike.
Currently, some of the weapons used by the Wild Weasel planes includes the AGM-88 HARM and the AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missiles.
They can also have ALQ-131 and ALQ-184 pods that can mess up enemy radar.
United States military aircraft
The F-105 Thunderchief was a bomber during the Vietnam War.
It first flew in 1955, and was introduced in 1958.
It was used as a bomber, but was later replaced by the F-4 Phantom II and the F-111 Raven.
But it was still in service for a while as a Wild Weasel.
It could carry an electronic counter-measures pod that could mess up the enemy radar.
The badge is designed to be used by the supporters of an armiger.
A mediaeval knight would be granted arms by letter patent, but his supporters or followers would not be allowed to display that achievement, instead they would use a badge to help identify themselves to each other and to other people.
Today, many English towns and cities have an achievement of arms.
Usually the mayor and council are the only ones allowed to used the full coat of arms.
The departments of the council use a badge, and it is the badge which is painted on council vehicles etc.
to identify them.
The "Prince of Wales's Feathers" is the badge of the heir apparent of the British monarch.
The badge is used because the coats of arms of the prince and the monarch are very similar.
In the United Kingdom the first part of the post code has one or two letters and one or two numbers.
This identifies the post town and an area in the post town.
The second part is used to identify an even smaller area, down to just one street or a few house in a long street.
The post town is the main town in an area.
Sometimes this is a lot bigger than the real town.
Ipswich, for example is the post town for most of east Suffolk.
In Europe most postal codes are all numbers.
Often the one or two letter country code is put in front of the code to make sure that towns and cities are not mixed up, or for international post.
In France the first two numbers of the postal code relate to the department.
Codes for Monaco start with 98 as if it was part of France, but has the letters "MC" instead of "F" for international mail.
The Bethlehem Housing Authority was formed in 1939.
Its job was to build houses for the people living in Bethlehem, which is a city in eastern Pennsylvania.
The National Housing Act (1937) was one of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first tries to make better the living conditions of Americans badly affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s.
Bethlehem's Housing Authority was one of the first in the nation.
Robert Nuemeyer became the Authority's first executive director in 1939.
BHA's first board consisted of chairman (and mayor) Robert Pfeifle, Weir Jepson, Merritt Kreidler, Lt.
Colonel William Coyle and Andrew W. Litzenberger.
The first thing the BHA built was "low-income public housing".
That means the houses were built for people who did not earn a lot of money, and they were not built to be sold to make money.
The new houses were called Pembroke Village.
They were on reclaimed farmland in the northeast part of the city.
This area was near the border with the boroughs of Freemansburg, Steel City and Bethlehem Township.
Pembroke Village was planned to have 202 houses or apartments, and a community building/office.
At about this time, the US entered into World War II.
The war meant there was very little  building in the US.
But Bethlehem Steel's factory was more or less turned over completely toward providing goods for the war effort.
Thousands of workers were brought into Bethlehem to help the plant work for 24 hours a day.
This meant a lot of  houses were needed in the city.
The government and the housing authority got extra land and built three communities  as "temporary war housing".
700 homes for these workers were built at Parkridge, South Terrace and Clearfield.
Pembroke Village was hurried to completion and its 202 units were set aside as "permanent war housing", meaning that at the end of the war, Pembroke would revert to low-income housing, while the others would be demolished.
After the end of WWII, Bethlehem had another housing crisis.
Men were leaving the armed forces and going back home.
From about the start of 1946, the population of the United States increased greatly.
In Bethlehem the city population increased from 50,000 to 75,000 by 1960.
This meant that a lot of affordable housing was needed.
The BHA  decided to keep the Parkridge, South Terrace and Clearfield units and use them as public housing.
The BHA also planned to build another 500 - 600 units next to Pembroke on a former family farm along Pembroke Road.
These buildings would increase Bethlehem's public housing stock to more than 1,400 units.
By June of 1950, firms had offered to build Fairmount for $962,000.00.
By the end of the year, the Marvine Village bid was also approved for $3.9 million.
A lot of the Fairmount project was paid for by the State of Pennsylvania.
It stayed part of the state's housing inventory until the late 1970s.
By 1952, Mr. Nuemeyer became ill and stepped down.
He was replaced by Ralph J. Bartholomew, who was a longtime member of the banking community.
During Mr. Bartholomew's tenure, the housing authority started an expansion program designed to help the growing needs of the elderly population.
In 1962, BHA showed plans for its first development designed for older people.
The Robert Pfeifle Homes, was a 50 unit community in the northeast area.
It had ten buildings.
They were among the very first of their type in the United States.
In the next ten years, the BHA would design and build more public housing for seniors, including the Litzenberger House, the Bodder Building and the Bartholomew Building and the Monocacy Tower.
BHA www.bha645.com now has some 450 apartments  to serve the older adults in need of affordable housing.
At around this time, Mr. Bartholomew died and his successor was brought in from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
Frank V. Loretti, with a background in labor relations became the BHA's third director.
1974 - 2003
Frank Loretti  wanted to modernize the way the authority worked and was organized.
He wanted to use computers for the authority's records and other functions.
In addition, the board wanted to begin an authority-wide building modernization program.
During this time a plan was formulated to address the authority's aging infrastructure.
The war-time era South Terrace, Parkridge and Clearfield projects were demolished.
South Terrace and Parkridge were rebuilt between 1985 and 1991 and all other buildings were modernized, using capital fund money, which was made available by the federal government.
Also during this period, various management functions were centralized for greater organization and efficiency.
The maintenance shops were also centralized within one modern facility in 1978.
A Central Supply facility was dedicated in 1977.
The current executive director is Clara A. Kendy (2004).
Today, BHA's challenge is similar to all other housing agencies.
Federal subsidy reductions of up to 15% have caused housing authorities to become leaner and to look toward innovation in order to succeed.
BHA has several new ideas,  including homeownership initiatives where the authority connects eligible tenants with opportunities to help them own their own home.
One such example is a partnership with Habitat For Humanity.
Economic self-sufficiency is a goal that BHA continuously tries to help its residents achieve.
Today, the Bethlehem Housing Authority manages 1,430 conventional housing units within ten developments serving the city of Bethlehem.
In addition, there are nearly 500 Housing Choice Vouchers available for eligible families.
HCV was formerly known as "Section 8" housing.
The authority also has various recreational and social programs for tenants of all ages.
In 2007, BHA's new First Tee Golf Learning program received a national merit award, recognizing it as an innovative recreation/learning program for children.
During its 70th anniversary in 2009, it proudly broke ground for a brand new community in northeast Bethlehem.
The first "Bayard Homes" will be rented during the first months of the year (2011).
Les Six (pronounced "Le sees") is French for "The Six".
Les Six were a group of six French composers who were friends around the year 1920.
They were young at the time, and they shared a lot of ideas about music.
The composer Erik Satie called them "Les Nouveaux Jeunes", but then a man called Henri Collet called them "Les Six" in an article he was writing, and that name was always used for them after that.
In their music they tried to be different from Richard Wagner and other composers of Romantic music, and different from Debussy and Ravel who had been writing Impressionistic music.
They also wanted to write in a simple way instead of using complicated rhythms such as those of Stravinsky or twelve tone music like Arnold Schoenberg.
Many of their pieces were quite short.
They liked strong, masculine music, especially jazz.
Georges Auric (1899–1983) wrote lots of rhythmic music which had lots of energy.
He wrote music for movies.
Louis Durey (1888–1979) did not want to follow fashion.
He used traditional ways of composing and wrote in his own, personal way.
Arthur Honegger (1882–1955) liked chamber music and the symphony.
His popular piece Pacific 231 describes a train journey on the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Darius Milhaud (1892–1974) was a very talented composer who wrote in several different styles.
Some of his music uses bitonality and polytonality (writing in two or more keys at the same time.
His love of jazz can be heard in popular pieces like Le Boeuf sur le Toit which he called a cinema-symphony.
Francis Poulenc (1899–1963) was the most famous of the six composers.
He continued to write in a style which was similar to the music of the 1920s.
Many of his pieces are often performed today, e.g. Gloria, his ballet Les Biches, some of his chamber music and many songs.
Germaine Tailleferre (1892–1983) was the only female in the group.