the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It is sometimes given the name the Bir Tawil Triangle, because even though it's not an exact triangle, it's made out of two triangles that share a border.
The longer side is in the north of the area.
It runs along the 22° north circle of latitude.
The administrative boundary of Sudan and Egypt was made in 1902.
Their political boundary was set in 1899.
It was set as the 22° north circle of latitude.
This area lies south of the 22° parallel.
East-to-west, the area is between  long in the south.
It is  long in the north.
It is between  and  wide north-to-south.
It is also  in size.
The Bir Tawil area came under Egyptian administration in 1902.
This was because it was grazing land of the Ababda tribe based near Aswan, Egypt.
At the same time, the Hala'ib Triangle north of latitude 22° north, and northeast of the area, came under Sudanese administration.
This was because the tribes of this area were based in Sudan.
The two "triangles" border at one point, a quadripoint.
In 1899, the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement for Sudan set the border between the territories at the 22nd parallel.
At that time, the United Kingdom ruled the area.
In 1902 the UK drew a separate "administrative boundary".
Using this boundary,  a triangle of land north of the parallel was placed under Sudanese administration.
It was because its inhabitants were closer to Khartoum than Cairo, both geographically and culturally.
The area was ruled by the British Governor in Khartoum.
Egypt claims the original border from 1899, the 22° north circle of latitude.
This would place the Hala'ib Triangle within Egypt and the Bir Tawil area within Sudan.
Sudan claims the administrative border of 1902.
This would put Hala'ib within Sudan, and Bir Tawil within Egypt.
As a result, both states claim the Hala'ib Triangle.
Neither state claims the much less valuable Bir Tawil area, which is only a tenth the size and is landlocked.
There is no basis in international law for Sudan or Egypt to claim both territories.
It would also be difficult for any other state to claim the area.
This is because only Sudan or Egypt border the land.
As a result, Bir Tawil is one of the few land areas of the world which is not claimed by any state.
The offical currency is the Sahrawi peseta but this is no longer circulated.
In the north of the area is the mountain Jabal Tawil (جبل طويل in Arabic, located at ).
It has a height of 459 meters.
In the east is Jabal Ḩajar az Zarqā'.
It has a height of 662 meters.
In the south is the Wadi Tawil (وادي طويل in Arabic, also called Khawr Abū Bard, located at ), near Nogaem Valley.
International Boundary Study
Strange Maps: The Bir Tawil Trapezoid
Hebe Maria Camargo (March, 8 1929 – September 29, 2012) is a Brazilian television host, actress and singer.
Site program of Hebe at the SBT
Samuel Jacob Bradford (born November 8, 1987, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American football quarterback for the Arizona Cardinals.
He played for the Oklahoma Sooners college football team.
He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams with the first overall pick in the 2010 National Football League (NFL) Draft.
Bradford was the 2011 NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year.
Bradford is a Cherokee. (
The Cherokee Nation is a Native American tribe.)
The Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park in Olmedilla de Alarcón, Spain, is the world’s largest photovoltaic plant.
Built in 2008, the plant uses more than 160,000 solar photovoltaic panels to generate 60 megawatts (peak).
It produces enough electricity to power more than 40,000 homes.
The Strasskirchen Solar Park is a power station in Straßkirchen, Germany.
It is the second-largest photovoltaic power station in the world, with an installed capacity of 54 MW.
|1994||rowspan="9"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|Football League||25||9||0||0||colspan="2"|-||25||9
|1995||27||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||27||5
|1996||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||29||2||3||0||8||0||40||2
|1997||29||4||1||0||3||0||33||4
|1998||25||1||2||0||3||0||30||1
|1999||22||1||2||1||4||0||28||2
|2000||30||1||1||0||6||0||37||1
|2001||J. League 2||40||4||4||1||1||0||45||4
|2002||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|2003||Omiya Ardija||J. League 2||24||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||24||1
Tarrasch was born in Breslau, in Prussian Silesia.
He left in 1880 to study medicine, and qualified as a physician.
He lived most of his life in Nuremberg, Bavaria, and later in Munich.
Tarrasch was born Jewish, and converted to Christianity in 1909.
He was a patriotic German, who lost a son in World War I, but he faced antisemitism in the early stages of Nazism.
Tarrasch won more strong tournaments in the 1890s than any other player, and drew a 22-game match against Mikhail Chigorin, the leading Russian player.
Tarrasch was also an influential chess writer, who summarised the chess ideas of the 1890s.
It was his ideas against which the hypermoderns reacted in the early 1920s.p411
Occupied with his profession, Tarrasch did not challenge Steinitz, and turned down the young Emanuel Lasker's request for a match.
This turned out to be a mistake, for Lasker then challended Steinitz, and won the world chess championship.
Later Tarrasch unsuccessfully challenged Lasker for the world championship, in 1908.
He was by then past his best, though he continued to play in tournaments for many years.
His best result in later years was to reach the final pool in the strong St. Petersburg 1914 tournament.
He came fourth, behind Lasker, Capablanca and Alekhine.
Chess author
Tarrasch was a highly esteemed chess writer.
His Dreihundert Schachpartien (1895; 300 chess games) was a landmark; it was the first 'best game collection' with in-depth annotations.
The notes were readable and could be understood by ordinary players.
This led to his being described as the praeceptor mundi, which is Latin for 'teacher of the world'.
The book was called by the American grandmaster Reuben Fine "One of the monuments of our game".f/w
Tarrasch regularly wrote tournament reports and notes for games in the Deutsch Schachzeitung, the German-language chess magazine.
These annotations were read throughout the world, since that was the leading chess magazine of the day.
In his later elementary textbook The game of chess (1931) he wrote
"Chess, like love, like music, has the power to make men happy".
Capablanca on Tarrasch and other players
|1993||Fujita||Football League||||||||||||||||
|1994||rowspan="6"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||15||0||0||0||1||0||16||0
|1995||27||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||4
|1996||12||1||3||0||0||0||15||1
|1997||28||1||3||0||1||1||32||2
|1998||18||0||0||0||3||0||21||0
|1999||23||0||1||0||1||1||25||1
|2000||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 2||11||0||1||0||0||0||12||0
|2000||rowspan="3"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2001||7||2||1||0||0||0||8||2
|2002||3||0||0||0||6||0||9||0
|2003||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||14||4||0||0||2||0||16||4
|2004||Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 2||16||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|2005||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||11||2||0||0||1||0||12||2
|1995||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||32||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||32||4
Owusu Benson (born 22 March 1977) is a Ghanaian football player.
|1994/95||Sportul Studenţesc Bucureşti||Divizia A||18||0
|1995/96||Solothurn||Nationalliga B||0||0
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Yverdon-Sport||rowspan="2"|Nationalliga B||12||5
|1996/97||31||7
|1997/98||Kriens||Nationalliga A||24||4
|1998/99||Sion||Nationalliga A||33||3
|2000||JEF United Ichihara||J. League 1||23||2
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Wil||rowspan="2"|Nationalliga B||10||0
|2002/03||Delémont||Nationalliga A||33||2
|2004/05||rowspan="5"|Kriens||rowspan="4"|Challenge League||31||1
|2005/06||25||5
|2007/08||25||7
|2008/09||1.
Liga||||
|2009/10||Buochs||2.
Liga Interregional||||
|1987/88||rowspan="2"|Licata||Serie C1||0||0
|1988/89||Serie B||1||0
|1989/90||Trento||Serie C1||23||0
|1990/91||Milan||Serie A||0||0
|1991/92||Como||Serie C1||34||0
|1992/93||rowspan="5"|Piacenza||Serie B||38||0
|1993/94||Serie A||34||0
|1994/95||Serie B||38||0
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||0
|1997/98||Milan||Serie A||17||0
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Venezia||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||0
|1999/00||Manchester United||Premier League||4||0
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Reggina||rowspan="2"|Serie A||18||0
|2000/01||34||1
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Atalanta||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||0
|2003/04||Serie B||46||0
|2004/05||Serie A||22||0
|2005/06||Serie B||42||0
|2006/07||Torino||Serie A||3||0
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Ascoli||rowspan="2"|Serie B||34||0
Noureddine Naybet (born 10 February 1970) is a former Moroccan football player.
|1993/94||Nantes Atlantique||Division 1||34||1
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||26||2
|1995/96||28||3
|1996/97||rowspan="8"|Deportivo La Coruña||rowspan="8"|La Liga||34||1
|1997/98||31||4
|2001/02||24||2
|2002/03||25||1
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="2"|Premier League||27||1
Total||115||2
People from Casablanca
Kim Hyun-Seok (born 5 May 1967) is a South Korean professional athlete.
|2000||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||25||16||0||0||4||1||29||17
|2000||rowspan="4"|Ulsan Hyundai||||||||||||||||
|2001||||||||||||||||||
|2002||||||||||||||||||
|2003||||||||||||||||||
|1996||4||3
Total||23||5
Kwanzaa is a week long celebration held in the United States to honor universal African heritage and culture.
People light a kinara (candle holder with seven candles) and give each other gifts.
It takes place from December 26 to January 1 every year.
It was created by Maulana Karenga and was first celebrated in 1966 - 1967.
Non-African Americans also celebrate Kwanzaa.
The holiday greeting is "Joyous Kwanzaa".
History and name of the holiday
Kwanzaa is a celebration that started in the black nationalist movement of the 1960s.
It was created as a way to help African Americans reconnect with their African cultural and historical heritage.
The name Kwanzaa comes from the Swahili phrase matunda ya kwanza, meaning first fruits of the harvest.
During the early years of Kwanzaa, Karenga said that it was meant to be an alternative to Christmas, that Jesus was psychotic, and that Christianity was a white religion that black people should shun.
However, as Kwanzaa became more popular, Karenga changed his position so that practicing Christians could also feel included.
He stated in the 1997 Kwanzaa: A Celebration of Family, Community, and Culture, "Kwanzaa was not created to give people an alternative to their own religion or religious holiday."
Principles and symbols
Kwanzaa celebrates what its founder called the seven principles of Kwanzaa, or Nguzo Saba (originally Nguzu Saba—the seven principles of blackness).
Karenga said that this "is a communitarian African philosophy," .
It consists of what Karenga called "the best of African thought and practice in constant exchange with the world."
These seven principles comprise Kawaida, a Swahili term for tradition and reason.
Each of the seven days of Kwanzaa is dedicated to one of the following principles, as follows:
Umoja  (Unity): To strive for and to maintain unity in the family, community, nation, and race.
Kujichagulia  (Self-Determination): To define ourselves, name ourselves, create for ourselves, and speak for ourselves.
Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility): To build and maintain our community together.
To make our brothers' and sisters' problems our problems, and to solve them together.
Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics): To build and maintain our own stores, shops, and other businesses and to profit from them together.
Nia  (Purpose): To make our collective goal the building and developing of our community.
This in order to restore our people to their traditional greatness.
Kuumba (Creativity): To do always as much as we can, in the way we can.
This so that we can leave our community more beautiful and better than we inherited it.
Imani (Faith): To believe with all our heart in our people, our parents, our teachers, our leaders, and the righteousness and victory of our struggle.
Kwanzaa symbols include a decorative mat on which other symbols are placed, corn and other crops, a candle holder with seven candles, called a kinara, a communal cup for pouring libations, gifts, a poster of the seven principles, and a black, red, and green flag.
The symbols were designed to convey the seven principles.
During Kwanzaa, families also decorate their households with objects of art.
They use colorful African cloth such as kente, especially the wearing of kaftans by women.
Fresh fruits that represent African idealism are also used.
It is normal to include children in Kwanzaa ceremonies and to give respect and gratitude to ancestors.
Libations are shared, generally with a common chalice (a shared cup), Kikombe cha Umoja, passed around to all people present.
A Kwanzaa ceremony may include drumming and musical selections, libations, a reading of the African Pledge and the Principles of Blackness, reflection on the Pan-African colors, a discussion of the African principle of the day or a chapter in African history, a candle-lighting ritual, artistic performance, and, finally, a feast (Karamu).
The greeting for each day of Kwanzaa is Habari Gani?
which is Swahili for "What's the News?"
The Black Candle (2009) – a documentary film about Kwanzaa, narrated by Maya Angelou
Dashiki – A shirt or suit worn during Kwanzaa celebrations
Kaftan (boubou) – A dress worn by women during Kwanzaa celebrations
Kufi – A cap worn during Kwanzaa celebrations
A program to raise the faith level in African-American children through Scripture, Kwanzaa principles, and culture, Janette Elizabeth Chandler Kotey, DMin, Oral Roberts University,1999
The US Organization: African American cultural nationalism in the era of Black Power, 1965 to the 1970s, Scot D. Brown, PhD, Cornell University, 1999
Rituals of race, ceremonies of culture: Kwanzaa and the making of a Black Power holiday in the United States,1966—2000, Keith Alexander Mayes, PhD, Princeton University, 2002
Interview: Kwanzaa creator Ron Karenga discusses the evolution of the holiday and its meaning in 2004, conducted by Tony Cox.
Tavis Smiley (NPR), 26 December 2003
Tolerance in the News: Kwanzaa: A threat to Christmas?
By Camille Jackson | Staff Writer, Tolerance.org, 22 December 2005
The Official Kwanzaa Web Site
The Black Candle: a Kwanzaa Celebration by Maya Angelou
Why Kwanzaa was created by Karenga
The History Channel: Kwanzaa
Some of these procedures are done only for diagnostic purposes, while others are done for treatment purposes.
Images are used to direct these procedures, which are usually done with needles or other tiny instruments like small tubes called catheters.
The images provide road maps that allow the Interventional Radiologist to guide these instruments through the body to the areas containing diseases.
Chess Olympiads are chess  events open to all national teams.
They have been run since 1927 by the world chess organisation, FIDE.
Since 1950, they have been run every two years.
Earlier events were all-play-all.
Then, as numbers grew, a system of qualifying sections were used.
In recent times, the format has been a Swiss system.
This, in chess terms, is a method whereby opponents are chosen each round to have similar scores.
It has been widely used for individual tournaments.
Recognised sport
As a member of the International Olympic Committee, FIDE adheres to its rules, including controversially having doping tests.
The prospects of chess becoming an Olympic sporting event at some future date remain unclear.
The naming of FIDE's team championship as the "Chess Olympiad" is of historical origin and implies no connection between this event and the Olympic Games.
Open section
* In 1936 FIDE refused its approval on grounds of Nazi anti-semitism; however, the organisers accepted Jewish players, and many did play in the event.
* In 1976 the USSR and other communist countries did not compete for political reasons.
Cassandra Elizabeth Austen (9 January 1773 – 22 March 1845) was the older sister of Jane Austen.
She was Jane's best friend and a beauty.
Her fiancé died; she never married.
Austen was born in 1773 in Steventon, Hampshire.
Her father was the Rev. George Austen (1731–1805), and her mother was Cassandra, née Leigh (1739–1827).
There were 8 Austen children.
As Cassandra and Jane were the only girls they kept up an especially close friendship through their entire lives.
Over 100 letters addressed to Cassandra from Jane are still kept.
These letters have helped historians to find out more details about the life of Jane Austen.
When Cassandra went to school, Jane followed her.
At first it was arranged that Jane was not to go, as she was considered to be too young for schooling.
However, she ended up going with Cassandra.
In their mother's words, "if Cassandra's head had been going to be cut off, Jane would have hers cut off too".
When Jane died in 1817, Austen is reported to have destroyed many of her letters, most of them dated after 1795.
Austen herself lived alone until her death on 22 March 1845, aged 72.
She was buried at St. Nicholas' Church in Chawton, Hampshire.
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland it is a ceremonial position.
This means the person is not in charge of the day to day work of the city, but represents the city at important events.
These positions are given to a person by letters patent, which are a special letter from the monarch.
In Australia it is a political position, which means people vote for people to take the position.
Australian cities with Lord Mayors: Adelaide, Brisbane, Darwin, Hobart, Melbourne, Newcastle, Parramatta, Perth, Sydney, and Wollongong.
In Canada, the only town with a Lord Mayor is Niagara-on-the-Lake, as recognition of its role as the first Capital of Upper Canada.
In the Malaysian federal capital Kuala Lumpur (Federal territory separated from Selangor, since 1 February 1974) established on 1 February 1972
In the Republic of Ireland, there are the Lord Mayor of Dublin and Lord Mayor of Cork which are symbolic titles as in the United Kingdom.
In Denmark, Overborgmester, is the title of the highest mayor of Denmark's capital city, Copenhagen.
In Germany, Oberbürgermeister, is the title of the mayors of large, often county-free cities.
As in Australia, Germany's mayors are the working leaders of their cities.
The mayor in the three German city-states is the same as a Ministerpräsident (head of government of one of Germany's constitutive States).
These mayors are called Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin, and Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg.
In Finland, the head city manager of the capital, Helsinki, is given the title ylipormestari meaning "high mayor".
This title is used more than the official title of the office, kaupunginjohtaja.
This tradition is almost the same as the Lord Mayors in other countries.
In Romania and Moldova, the mayors of the capitals (Bucharest and Chişinău, are named Primar General which means General Mayor.
The name is ceremonial and it has no higher powers than mayors of other cities.
Henry Dyck (September 5, 1912 – November 15, 1993) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left wing who played one game in the National Hockey League for the New York Rangers.
American Hockey Association (1926–42) players
Stephen Wojciechowski (born December 25, 1922), also known as Steve Wochy, is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player, who played 54 games for the Detroit Red Wings in the National Hockey League.
Prior to playing in the NHL, Wojciechowski was a member of the Port Arthur Bearcats in 1942 appearing in the 1942 Allan Cup.
Wojciechowski played 10 seasons in the American Hockey League after leaving the NHL, with the Indianapolis Capitals, Philadelphia Rockets, Cleveland Barons and Buffalo Bisons.
Wojciechowski was named a first team AHL All-star in 1952.
Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario.
It was on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior.
It amalgamated with Port Arthur and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the city of Thunder Bay in January 1970.
Ever since then it has been the largest city in Northwestern Ontario.
Morrison, Jean F. Superior rendez-vous place : Fort William in the Canadian fur trade.
Toronto : Natural Heritage Books, 2007.
appeared in 2001.
Morrison, Jean F., ed.
Lake Superior to Rainy River : three centuries of fur trade history : a collection of writings.
Thunder Bay, Ont. :
Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 2003.
Thunder Bay from rivalry to unity / edited by Thorold J. Tronrud and A. Ernest Epp.
Thunder Bay : Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 1995.
The Port Arthur Bearcats were an amateur men's senior ice hockey team based in Port Arthur, Ontario, now part of the city of Thunder Bay.
Port Arthur were champions Canadian Amateur Hockey Association four times, and were chosen twice as represent Canada as the Canada men's national ice hockey team at international competitions.
The Port Arthur team played several season without a nicknames over its history, with several generic names applied to the team including the Port Arthur Ports, Port Arthur Hockey Club, and the Port Arthur Seniors.
The team ceased due to World War II in 1943.
Season-by-Season Standings
The Allan Cup is the trophy awarded to the national senior amateur men’s ice hockey champions of Canada.
The trophy was donated in 1908 by Sir H. Montagu Allan as a trophy for amateur teams, to replace the Stanley Cup, whose tournament had become a professional competition.
Allan Cup championships
Only listed are the final champions of the season, some teams may have carried the Allan Cup through winning challenges halfway through these seasons, but finishing the season with the trophy is what counted.
For those teams who did not finish the season with the cup, they can be viewed by looking at articles for the first few Allan Cups.
{*} denotes event held in multiple locations.
Round Robins
Most Championships by Province
This is a list of champions by province, territory, or state.
Since 1909, the Allan Cup has been awarded 101 times.
(*) Saskatchewan totals include championships won by teams from Lloydminster.
Allan Cup website
Allan Cup results
Pokémon Black Version and White Version are two role-playing games (RPGs) in the Pokémon series made by Game Freak for the Nintendo DS.
The games were released in Japan on September 18, 2010, in Europe on March 4, 2011, in North America on March 6, 2011, and in Australia on March 10, 2011.
The games have 156 new Pokémon, which brings the total to 649.
These games introduce the largest amount of Pokémon in any generation.
Pokémon Black and White are role-playing games where the player captures creatures called Pokémon.
They can use them to battle against other Pokémon.
One of the new features in the games are triple battles, which allows players to battle three Pokémon against three Pokémon.
Alongside triple battles are Rotation Battles.
Players still send out three Pokémon, but only one can battle at a time.
The player can switch the position of their Pokémon during their turn.
Also new is that the seasons change, and areas in the game have falling leaves in the fall, and snow in the winter.
Pokémon Black and White take place in the Unova region, which is based on New York City and its surrounding area, unlike past games being based on regions of Japan.
The plot of the game follows a new Pokémon trainer who is on a journey to become a Pokémon master.
They do this by battling other trainers such as Gym Leaders, and finally the Elite Four.
During this journey, the player meets an evil team known as Team Plasma, who look like knights.
Team Plasma wants to make a new world where Pokémon are away from humans.
After taking them down, the player must track down the first members, the Seven Sages, and battle them.
Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen (Breslau, 6 July 1818 – Breslau, 13 March 1879) was a German chess master, and a teacher of mathematics.
He was recognised as the best player in the world for much of the time between 1851 and 1870.
Anderssen won three great international tournaments: the first in London 1851, then London 1862 and Baden-Baden 1870.
Anderssen lost matches in 1858 to Paul Morphy and, narrowly, to Steinitz in 1866.
He was also a chess problem composer.p16
Anderssen became the most successful tournament player in Europe, winning over half the events he entered—including the Baden-Baden 1870 tournament, which is comparable to modern strong GM tournaments.
His last success was at Leipzig in 1877 where he came second equal with Zukertort, behind Paulsen.
He was then nearly 60.
He is still famous for his brilliant sacrificial attacking play, particularly in the 'Immortal Game' (1851) and the 'Evergreen Game' (1852).
He was also one of the most likeable of chess masters and became an elder statesman of the game, to whom others turned for advice or arbitration.
His status
Anderssen was never world champion because "there was as yet no concept of a formal championship, or of the means by which one might be awarded...  The world championship proper was the creation of Wilhelm Steinitz (18361900)... The first match for the world championship was in 1886"...  Also: "Wilhelm Steinitz... was the first person to use the title of Champion of the world...".
Anderssen was a teacher of mathematics in Breslau (now Wroclaw).
He became a professor in about 1862, and in January 1865 was awarded honorary degrees of PhD and MA.
These honours were not for chess, but not much is known about the teaching part of his career.
Adolf Anderssen vs Jean Dufresne, Berlin 1852, Giuoco Piano: Evans Gambit (C52), 1-0 The "Evergreen Game" – a short game full of sacrifices and ending with a  checkmate
Adolf Anderssen vs Paul Morphy match, Paris 1858, English opening by transposition.
Anderssen beats Morphy in a long struggle.
Gottschall, Hermann von 1912 (reprint 2006).
Adolf Anderssen, der Altmeister deutscher Schachspielkunst.
Elibron Classics. .
748 games.
Bachmann, Ludwig 1914.
Schachmeister Anderssen.
Anspach.
A Bayesian network is a kind of graph which is used to model events that cannot be observed.
This can then be used for inference.
The graph that is used is directed, and does not contain any cycles.
The nodes of the graph represent random variables.
If two nodes are connected by an edge, it has an associated probability that it will transmit from one node to the other.
Bayesian networks are mainly used in the field of  (unassisted) machine learning.
They have been used where information needs to be classified.
Examples are image, document, or speech recognition, and information retrieval.
The often subjective nature of the input information.
The reliance on Bayes's conditioning as the basis for updating information.
The distinction between causal and evidential modes of reasoning, which underscores Thomas Bayes' posthumously published paper of 1763.
In the late 1980s, the seminal texts Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems and Probabilistic  Reasoning in Expert Systems summarized the properties of Bayesian networks and helped to establish Bayesian networks as a field of study.
Informal variants of such networks were first used by legal scholar John Henry Wigmore, in the form of Wigmore charts, to analyse trial evidence in 1913.
Another variant, called path diagrams, was developed by the geneticist Sewall Wright and used in social and behavioral sciences (mostly with linear parametric models).
The M1 Abrams is a modern main battle tank used by the United States.
It is also exported to several countries.
It is a well armed, well protected, and fast tank designed for modern armored ground warfare.
Notable features of the M1 Abrams include the use of a powerful engine, layered armor, and a low profile.
It is one of the heaviest tanks in service, weighing almost 70 short tons.
The M1 Abrams entered U.S. service in 1980, replacing the M60 Patton.
Three main versions of the M1 Abrams have been deployed, the M1, M1A1, and M1A2, incorporating improved armament, protection and electronics.
These improvements, as well as periodic upgrades to older tanks have allowed this long-serving vehicle to remain in front-line service.
The M1A3 is currently under development.
It is the principal (main) main battle tank of the United States Army and Marine Corps, and the armies of Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Australia, and in 2010 Iraq.
The M1 Abrams is anticipated to be in U.S. service until the 2050s.
King of the Killing Zone by Orr Kelly, 1989.
W.W. Norton Company.
Rostker, Bernard: Environmental Exposure Report:Depleted Uranium in the Gulf.
DoD Publication, 1998. .
United States General Accounting Office:Operation Desert Storm: Early Performance Assessment of Bradley and Abrams.
Washington, January 1992.PDF.
Halberstadt, Hans.
Desert Storm Ground War.
Osceola, WI, Motorbooks International, 1991.
Hunnicutt, R. P. "Patton: A History of the American Main Battle Tank."
1984, Presidio Press; .
Forty, George: Tank Action.
From the Great War to the Gulf, Allan Sutton Publishing Ltd., Phoenix Mill 1995.
Zaloga Steven J., & Sarson, Peter: M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank 1982-1992.
Osprey Military, New Vanguard.
Reed International Books Ltd, 1993.
Army Times - Two soldiers die in attack on Abrams tank, October 29, 2003
DoD News: DoD Identifies Army Casualty - Dec 25, 2005 attack
DoD News: DoD Identifies Army Casualties - June 04, 2006 incident
Abrams U.S. Army Fact File
Official Abrams page on General Dynamics Land Systems site
M1A1/M1A2 Abrams Main Battle Tank on Army-Technology.com
M1A1/2 Abrams page on the Armor Site
Main Battle Tank M1A1 Abrams on Enemyforces.com
Anatomy of an M1 Abrams on military.discovery.com
M1 Abrams page, with a detailed overview of how the tank works on howstuffworks.com
M-1 Tank Urban Survivability Kit (TUSK) , M1A1 AIM Upgrade , and M1A2 SEP Upgrade on Defense-Update.com
M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank page on GlobalSecurity.com
AGT1500 Tubine Technology on Honeywell.com
http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/M1-Abrams-Tanks-for-Iraq-05013/
Sexual intercourse (or simply called sex) is the insertion and thrusting of a male's penis into a female's vagina.
People and animals that sexually reproduce use sexual intercourse to have an offspring.
Sometimes sexual intercourse is called coitus or copulation and is more casually known as having sex or sleeping together.
The two animals may be of opposite sexes or they may be hermaphroditic, as is the case with snails.
Sexual intercourse may also be between individuals of the same sex.
Humans sometimes engage in behaviors that do not include the penetration of sexual organs, such as oral intercourse or anal intercourse or by non-sexual organs (fingering, fisting).
These behaviors are sometimes included in the definition of sexual intercourse.
Sex is usually teleiophilic (between adults).
Two animals coming together for the purposes of sexual reproduction is called mating.
Most mammals only mate when the female is at the point of estrus, which is the most fertile period of time in its reproductive cycle.
In certain animals, sexual intercourse is not only used for reproduction, but has taken other functions as well.
These animals include bonobos, dolphins, and chimpanzees  which also have sexual intercourse even when the female is not in estrus, and to engage in sex acts with same-sex partners.
In most instances, humans have sex primarily for pleasure.
This behavior in the above mentioned animals is also presumed to be for pleasure, which in turn strengthens social bonds.
Many governments have laws relating to sex.
Forcing someone to have sex who does not want to, called rape, is a serious crime in many countries.
There are other forms of sex that may also be against the law, such as incest, sex with minors, sex outside of a marriage, prostitution, homosexual sex, sex with animals, as well as others.
Sexual intercourse is the natural and most common way to make a baby.
It involves a man and woman having sex without birth control until the man ejaculates, or releases, semen from his penis into the woman's vagina.
The semen, which has sperm in it (which is made in his testicles), moves to the Fallopian tubes, and if it finds an ovum on its way, it will try to fertilize it.
If this works, the now fertilized ovum sticks to the side of the uterus and the woman becomes pregnant.
The fertilized ovum then develops into a human.
Medically, it is called a pregnancy until birth.
Behaviors unrelated to reproduction
Certain species of animals also have sex for other purposes than to bear offspring.
These include Humans, bonobos, chimpanzees and dolphins.
These species also are among those known to engage in homosexual behaviors.
In both humans and bonobos, the female has a relatively concealed ovulation.
Neither male or female partners commonly know whether she is fertile at any given moment.
One reason for this may be that sex partners of these species form strong emotional bonds.
The partners come together for more than just sexual intercourse.
In the case of humans, long-term partnership is more important than immediate sexual reproduction.
Humans, bonobos and dolphins show cooperative behavior.
In many cases, this behavior has shown better results than what an individual can achieve alone.
In these animals, the use of sex has evolved beyond reproduction and has taken additional social functions.
Sex reinforces intimate social bonds between individuals.
Overall, such cooperation also benefits each member of the group in that they are better able to survive.
Forming and keeping relationships
Recreational
How humans prevent pregnancy
In the late 20th century, very effective forms of contraception (birth control) were developed allowing a man and women to help prevent a baby from being made when they have sex.
One type of contraception is a condom.
This is a piece of rubber that covers the penis that a man can wear during intercourse, which stops the man's semen from going into the woman's vagina.
This does not always work though because the condom may rip or tear.
Another well-known type of contraception is called the Pill, which a woman takes every day.
When a woman is "on the Pill," she and her partner may have sex any time they wish with very little chance of making a baby.
It is recommended that a couple who have a sexual relationship use two forms of contraception.
That way if one fails the other is a 'backup'.
Contraception allows people to keep "sex for fun" separate from "sex to make children".
For example, a fertile couple may use contraception to experience sexual pleasure (recreational).
At the same time, this experience may strengthen their relationship, and a stronger relationship may mean that they will better be able to raise children in the future.
Who people like to have sex with depends on their sexuality.
Men who like to have sex with women, and women who like to have sex with men are heterosexual or "straight".
Men who only like to have sex with other men, and women who only like to have sex with other women are homosexual or "gay".
A different word to describe a woman who only likes to have sex with other women is "lesbian".
Some people like both men and women, which is called being bisexual.
Others do not feel sexual attraction at all, and are referred to as asexual.
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Some diseases can be caught by having sex.
These diseases are called sexually-transmitted infections (STIs).
Some examples of STIs include chlamydia infection, syphilis and gonorrhea.
A virus called HIV causes AIDS, which cannot be cured and can lead to death.
Using Latex condoms or oral dams reduce the chance that a few types of diseases will be passed on, but it not entirely effective for all STIs.
Birth control (like "the Pill") can prevent pregnancy, but won't prevent sexual infections.
Some STIs can also be spread in ways other than having sex.
For example, herpes simplex and hepatitis B could be caught by a virgin without having sex, but can also be caught through sex.
Some types of STIs can spread from contact between the genitals, mouth, anus, skin, eyes, and (rarely) infected surfaces; this depends a lot on the type of STI and how it spreads.
Some common diseases like HPV can cause warts and cancer in the genitals or anus or throat.
There exists an HPV vaccine that prevents some sexually-transmitted strains of HPV; however, the vaccine only works if you get vaccinated before becoming infected.
The vaccine is approved of for both men and women, but is often not required in the U.S. due to politics.
Sexual reproduction vs Asexual reproduction
Other kinds of sex
There are many other kinds of sex.
Two of them are oral sex and anal sex.
Slangs for oral sex is common in Western cultures, for example: "going down on", "giving a blowjob", "giving head", or "eating out".
A girl pretending to do oral on a guy whilst close to him is known as a Fakelatio.
A guy pretending to do oral on a girl while close to her is known as a Crummylingus.
A Guy who's not very skilled at giving oral to a girl is known as giving her a Clunkylingus.
A girl who's not skilled at giving oral to a guy is known as giving him a Failatio.
When a man performs fellatio on himself, it is called autofellatio, and autocunnilingus if a woman performs cunnilingus on herself.
Few men and women are able to do this.
Anal sex is when an erect penis or other device made for sexual pleasure is inserted into a sexual partner's anus.
Anal sex with a female does not lead to pregnancy by itself, however, semen can leak out of the anus and enter into the vagina, and pregnancy may rarely occur.
Anal sex can still pass sexually transmitted diseases from one partner to another.
It can also be very unhealthy for the body because the skin around the anus can tear, bleed and get infected with bacteria.
For safety and pleasure, partners often use condoms, female condoms and/or lubrication.
A painful sexual act is a condition of repeated or persistent genital pain before, during, or after sexual intercourse due to physical and/or emotional causes.
Doctors call the condition "dyspareunia".
It occurs in women and men.
The condition affects up to one-fifth of women at some point in their lives.
University of California, Santa Barbara's SexInfo
The International Encyclopedia of Sexuality
Advantages of Sexual Reproduction
Medical Resources related to sexual intercourse
Sexology - Bulgarian comprehensive portal (Sexual behavior of man, Sexology and family guide)
Gerontology (from Greek: γέρων, geron, "old man" and -λογία, -logy, "study of") is the study of the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging created by Ilya Mechnikov.
It is distinguished from geriatrics, which is the branch of medicine that studies the disease of the elderly.
investigating the aging process itself (biogerontology);
investigating the interface of normal aging and age-related disease (geroscience);
investigating the effects of our aging population on society, including the fiscal effects of pensions, entitlements, life and health insurance, and retirement planning;
applying this knowledge to policies and programs, i.e. government planning or running a nursing home.
Biogerontology
Biogerontology is the subfield of gerontology dedicated to studying the biological processes of aging.
It includes Biomedical gerontology, also known as experimental gerontology and life extension, is a sub discipline of biogerontology that endeavors to slow, prevent, and even reverse aging in both humans and animals.
Curing age-related diseases is one approach, and slowing down the underlying processes of aging with the help of physical exercises is another.
Most "life extensionists" believe the human life span can be altered within the 21st century.
Social gerontology
Social gerontology is a multi-disciplinary sub-field that specializes in studying or working with older adults.
Social gerontologists may have degrees or training in social work, nursing, psychology, sociology, demography, gerontology, or other social science disciplines.
Social gerontologists are responsible for educating, researching, and advancing the broader causes of older people by giving informative presentations, publishing books and articles that pertain to the aging population, producing relevant films and television programs, and producing new graduates of these various disciplines in college and university settings.
Some academic resources
Ageing & Society, eISSN: 1710-1107 , Cambridge University Press
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, ISSN: 0167-4943, Elsevier
Educational Gerontology, eISSN: 1521-0472 , Routledge
Experimental Gerontology, ISSN: 0531-5565, Elsevier
Geriatrics & Gerontology International, eISSN: 1447-0594 , Japan Geriatrics Society
Gerontology, eISSN: 1423-0003 , Karger
Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, eISSN: 1545-3847 , Routledge
Journal of Aging Studies, ISSN: 0890-4065, Elsevier
International Journal of Gerontology, ISSN: 1873-9598, Elsevier
Journal of Applied Gerontology, eISSN: 1552-4523  , SAGE Publications
George Lowe is an American voice actor.
He is best known for voicing Space Ghost on the adult swim program Space Ghost: Coast to Coast.
He also voices Brak's Dad on The Brak Show.
Space Ghost: Coast to Coast - Space Ghost
Cartoon Planet - Space Ghost
The Brak Show - Dad and Space Ghost
Aqua Teen Hunger Force - various characters
Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters - Space Ghost
Andy Merrill is an American voice actor best known for voicing Brak and Oglethorpe for adult swim.
He used to be a writer for Space Ghost: Coast to Coast.
Space Ghost: Coast to Coast - Brak and Lokar
Cartoon Planet - Brak
The Brak Show - Brak and Clarence
Aqua Teen Hunger Force - Oglethorpe
Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters - Oglethorpe
Dana Snyder (born November 14, 1973) is an American  voice artist and comedian.
He is best known for voicing Master Shake in the Aqua Teen Hunger Force franchise and Alistair in Open Season 3.
Snyder was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
He was raised in Easton, Pennsylvania.
He still lives in Easton, Pennsylvania.
People from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Todd Hanson (born October 10, 1968) is a writer for The Onion.
He voices Dan Halen on the Adult Swim program Squidbillies.
Movies and television work
Space Ghost Coast to Coast (1 episode, 2003; writer)
Aqua Teen Hunger Force (2 episodes, 2002–2004)
The Aristocrats (2005) Himself (staff of The Onion)
The Onion Movie (2008; writer)
Squidbillies (10 episodes, 2005–2008)
Ape Trouble (2009; video)
Something Extremely Important (2009)
The People vs. George Lucas (2010)
Unknown Hinson (born November 7, 1954) is a singer and voice actor.
He is best known as the voice of Early Cuyler on the adult swim program Squidbillies.
His real name is Stuart Daniel Baker.
, also written as Kimmei, was the 29th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
His reign started in 540 and ended in 571.
Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Kinmei to be possibly legendary, but probable.
The name Kimmu-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.
Emperor Kinmei's father was Emperor Keitai and his mother was Emperor Ninken's daughter, .
He was the third son; and his older brother was Emperor Senka.
Events of Kinmei's life
539: Emperor Senka died from old age in 539, and the succession was received by his younger brother, who would become known as Emperor Kinmei.
540: Kinmei accepted his role as monarch (sokui).
572: In the 32nd year of Kinmei's reign, he died; and his second son became his successor.
Kinmei established his court at  in Yamato.
Kinmei's reign was marked by the introduction of Buddhism in Japan.
The King of Kudara in Korea sent the emperor gifts of Buddhist scripture and a statue of the Buddha.
Soga no Iname, also known as  Soga no Iname no Sukune.
The Soga clan were supporters of Buddhism.
Mononobe no Okoshi, also known as Monotobe Okoshi no Muraji.
The Mononobe clan opposed the introduction of Buddhism.
Nakatomi no Kanamura, also known as Ōtomo Kanamura Maro.
The Nakatomi clan opposed the introduction of Buddhism.
Kinmei is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.
509 births
571 deaths
Donald "Don" Kennedy (born June 8, 1930 in Beaver, Pennsylvania) is an American actor.
He is known for voicing Tansit on the adult swim program Space Ghost: Coast to Coast.
He is also known for voicing Morlun on The Brak Show.
Space Ghost: Coast to Coast - Tansit and Bill Manspeaker
The Brak Show - Morlun and Poppy
Aqua Teen Hunger Force - Assisted Living Dracula, Vegetable Man, and Rubberman (Lance Potter)
In this sentence, "before" is a subordinating conjunction. "
Before the curtain rose" is a dependent sentence.
With its subordinating conjunction, it joins the independent sentence by being smoothly contacted by its meaning.
But without this independent sentence,"Nick came and took a bow", the dependent sentence cannot stay by itself. "
Before the curtain rose" cannot stay by itself without an independent sentence joined together by adding a subordinating conjunction.
, also known as Keitai okimi, was the 26th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Keitai to be possibly legendary, but probable.
The name Keitai-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.
Some modern reference works of history call Keitai the King Ohoto of Koshi.
Koshi was a small regional entity in what would become Koshi Province in northern Japan.
According to the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, Ketai was a fifth generation grandson of Emperor Ōjin.
There was a period of disputes over the succession after Keitai's death.
One branch of the Yamato clan supported sons who would become Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka.
Another branch supported the third son who would become known as Emperor Kimmei.
Events of Keitai's life
Very little is known about the events of Keitai's life and reign.
Keitai confronted rebellion in Kyūshū, which was then known as the .
The emperor sent forces to calm the unrest.
It is not known how long Keitai lived after his abdication.
Keitai abdicated in his favor of his eldest son who would become known as Ankan.
Ankan died four years later, and Keitai's next oldest son would attain the throne.
This son would come to be known as Emperor Senka.
Senka died after three years as emperor; and the throne would be vacant.
The third son of Ketai would attained the throne, and he would become known as Emperor Kemmei.
Keitai is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.
was a very old province of Japan  in the area of Niigata, Fukui and Toyama prefectures on the island of Honshū.
Koshi was also a regional name.
It was in what is now known as the Hokuriku region.
Koshi was divided into Echizen, Etchū, and Echigo provinces in the early 8th century.
Dario Dabac (born 23 May 1978) is a Croatian football player.
He plays for Al-Arabi Kuwait.
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Zagreb||rowspan="3"|Prva HNL||7||0||||||||||7||0
|1999/00||0||0||||||||||0||0
|2000/01||0||0||||||||||0||0
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Dynamo Dresden||Oberliga||33||1||||||||||33||1
|2002/03||Regionalliga||22||0||||||||||22||0
|2003/04||Union Berlin||2.
Bundesliga||25||0||||||||||25||0
|2004/05||Greuther Fürth||2.
Bundesliga||20||0||||||||||20||0
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Ried||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||31||2||||||||||31||2
|2006/07||3||0||||||||||3||0
|2006||rowspan="3"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||11||0||0||0||0||0||11||0
|2007||6||0||0||0||3||1||9||1
|2008||J. League 2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|2008/09||Rijeka||Prva HNL||3||0||||||||||3||0
|2009/10||Al-Arabi Kuwait||Premier League||||||||||||||||
Dragiša Binić (born 20 October 1964) is a former Serbian football player.
He has played for the Yugoslavia national team.
|1980/81||rowspan="3"|Napredak Kruševac||First League||2||0
|1981/82||||4||0
|1982/83||||14||3
|1983/84||rowspan="4"|Radnički Niš||rowspan="2"|First League||19||5
|1984/85||27||4
|1985/86||||31||8
|1986/87||First League||24||3
|1987/88||Red Star Belgrade||First League||27||13
|1988/89||Stade Brestois||Division 2||29||18
|1989/90||Levante||Segunda División||7||0
|1990/91||Red Star Belgrade||First League||27||14
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Slavia Prague||rowspan="2"|First League||12||5
|1992/93||7||3
|1993/94||APOEL Nicosia||First Division||14||10
|1994||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||8||5
|1995||Sagan Tosu||Football League||6||5
Binic Dragisa
|1997||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||10||0||1||0||5||0||16||0
Hamad Al-Montashari (born 22 June 1982) is a Saudi Arabian football player.
He plays for Al-Ittihad Jeddah and Saudi Arabia national team.
People from Jeddah
Kim Hwang-Jung (Hangul: 김황정, born 19 November 1975), also known as  is a South Korean professional athlete.