the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Countries has been drawn from each pot to determine if they will compete in either the first or second semi-final and like in 2010, it will determine in which half of the semi-final they will perform, in order for delegations to know when rehearsals will begin for their respective countries.
The draw also determine in which semi-finals the members of the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom and Italy) will be able to vote.
Israeli broadcaster IBA requested to take part in the second semi-final due to the Israeli Memorial Day, which will be held during the first semi-final.
German broadcaster NDR also requested that they be allowed to vote in the second semi-final for scheduling reasons.
Participating Countries
On 31 December 2010, the EBU confirmed the forty-three countries which will be competing fir the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest.
The 2011 edition which will mark the returns of Austria, which last participated in 2007, Italy, which last participated in 1997, San Marino, which only took part in 2008, and Hungary, which last participated in 2009.
The first semi-final of the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest will take place on 10 May 2011.
The ten countries which has received the most points, will participate for the final of the contest
Two members of the "Big Five", Spain and the United Kingdom will vote in this semi-final
The first semi-final of the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest will take place on 12 May 2011.
Three members of the "Big Five", France, Germany and the Italy will vote in this semi-final
The final of the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest will took place on 14 May 2011.
Only the countries of the "Big Five" automatically qualify for the final.
From the two semi-finals on 10 and 12 May 2011, twenty countries qualified for the final, and a total of twenty-five countries will competed in the final.
The voting system used will be the same as used in the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest, a 50/50 system, with a combination of televotes and jury votes who will select the winner.
Viewers were able to vote during the performances.
2011 in music
2011 in Germany
May 2011 events
Keynesian economics (also called Keynesianism) describes the economics theories of John Maynard Keynes.
Keynes wrote about his theories in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
The book was published in 1936.
Keynes said capitalism is a good economic system.
In a capitalist system, people earn money from their work.
Businesses employ and pay people to work.
Then people can spend their money on things they want.
Other people work and make things to buy.
Sometimes the capitalist system has problems.
People lose their work.
Businesses close.
People cannot work and cannot spend money.
Keynes said the government should step in and help people who do not have work.
This idea is called "demand-side policy".
If people are working, the economy is good.
If people are not working, the economy is bad.
Keynes said when the economy is bad, people want to save their money.
That is, they do not spend their money on, or invest in, things they want.
As a result, there is less economic activity.
Keynes said the government should spend more money when people do not have work.
The government can borrow money and give people jobs (work).
Then people can spend money again and buy things.
This helps other people find work.
Some people, such as conservatives, libertarians, and people who believe in Austrian economics, do not agree with Keynes' ideas.
They say government work does not help capitalism.
They say when the government borrows money, it takes money away from businesses.
They do not like Keynesian economics because they say the economy can get better without government help.
During the late 1970s, Keynesian economics became less popular because inflation was high at the same time that unemployment was high.
This is because many people interpreted Keynesian theory to say that it was impossible for there to be both high inflation and high unemployment.
When a big recession happened in 2007, Keynesian economics became more popular.
Leaders around the world (including Barack Obama) created stimulus packages which would allow their government to spend a lot of money to create jobs.
Conservatives and Libertarians would say that the stimulus package rewards the bad behavior that lead to the recession.
It tells big banks that they can misbehave and the government will step in and get them out of trouble.
The market for goods controls employment and production.
The market for work does not.
It is possible that people become unemployed even if they want to work.
An increase in savings will not lead to an increase in investment of the same amount.
People have the choice between investing their money or saving it.
An economic system based on money is different from one that is based on the exchange of goods.
The quantity theory of money is only valid if there is no unemployment.
In a market economy, investor behavior is governed by what Keynes called the animal spirits of investors.
Kaiser Chiefs is an alternative rock band from Leeds, England.
They were active as Parva from 2000 to 2003, then changed their name to Kaiser Chiefs in 2003.
Kaiser Chiefs official website
Rob Zombie (born Robert Bartleh Cummings on July 10, 1965 in Haverhill, Massachusetts) is an American heavy metal singer, director, producer and screenwriter.
He formed the band White Zombie.
He has also directed the films House of 1000 Corpses, The Devil's Rejects, the 2007 remake of Halloween and the sequel to that Halloween II.
Official site of Rob Zombie
People from Haverhill, Massachusetts
Elam was an long-lasting ancient civilization just to the east of Mesopotamia, in what is now southwest Iran.
Elam was centered in the far west and southwest of what is now modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq..
Knowledge of Elamite history is not complete.
It is mainly known from Mesopotamian sources.
The history of Elam is divided into three periods, over more than two millennia.
The three periods come after the proto-Elamite period:
Proto-Elamite: c. 3200 BC – 2700 BC (Proto-Elamite script in Susa)
Old Elamite period: c. 2700 BC – 1600 BC  (earliest documents until the Eparti dynasty)
Middle Elamite period: c. 1500 BC – 1100 BC (Anzanite dynasty until the Babylonian invasion of Susa)
Neo-Elamite period: c. 1100 BC – 539 BC (characterized by Iranian and Syrian influence.
539 BC marks the beginning of the Achaemenid period)
The Proto-Elamite city of Susa was founded around 5000 BC in the watershed of the river Karun.
It is considered to be the site of Proto-Elamite cultural formation.
Written records start from around 3000 BC in the Old Elamite period (Middle Bronze Age).
In the Achaemenid Empire the Elamite language was among those in official use.
The Elamite language has no obvious connections with any other, and seems to be a language isolate like Sumerian.
Some researchers have suggested the existence of a larger group known as Elamo-Dravidian.
This theory is not established.
The Elamites called their country Haltamti, but the Sumerians and Akkadians called it Elam, and so it was also in the Hebrew Bible.
The civilisation started around 2700 BC, and they were finally conquered by the Achmaenids in 640 BC.
A tablet found in 1848 has the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal boasting of his conquest:
"Susa, the great holy city, abode of their Gods, seat of their mysteries, I conquered.
I entered its palaces, I opened their treasuries where silver and gold, goods and wealth were amassed...I destroyed the ziggurat of Susa.
I smashed its shining copper horns.
I reduced the temples of Elam to naught; their gods and goddesses I scattered to the winds.
The tombs of their ancient and recent kings I devastated, I exposed to the sun, and I carried away their bones toward the land of Ashur.
I devastated the provinces of Elam and on their lands I sowed salt.
As it happens, the Elamites managed to stay independent for some time after this disaster.
The devastation was less complete than Assurbanipal boasted, and Elamite rule, though rather broken up, continued until 540 BC, when Achaemenid rule begins in Susa.
Under the Parthian period, a kingdom of Elymais existed which survived until its extinction by Sassanid invasion in the early third century AD.
It was in the heartland of ancient Elam.
Dental braces are wires that are held together by brackets glued to the permanent teeth.
The wires and brackets may be made of metal or other materials.
Each week or month (or other time the orthodontist decides) the braces may be checked, cleaned, or changed into a tighter wire.
Braces are an orthodontic device.
They are to make the teeth straight, and to correct problems in a person's bite.
There are many natural problems which occur to the way teeth fit together, but not everyone needs or will need braces.
However, the use of braces is quite common, even when they are not medically necessary.
Their cosmetic use for young females is more common in countries with first world economies.
To overcome the visibility of traditional metal braces, there are now nearly transparent braces.
Sometimes braces are possible behind the teeth, and so are not in view.
Braces (suspenders in the U.S.) are a standard item of male clothing.
Their function is to keep trousers at a set height on the body.
They are standard wear for formal styles of dress such as the lounge suit.
There is also a fashion use among some young males, and a use by some workmen, most often with newspaper.
Braces can be worn entirely out of sight, hidden by a waistcoat, or in sight as a display.
A critical factor in formal dress is the "drop" of the trousers as they meet the shoes.
Here braces avoid the need to hitch trousers up, always a problem with belts.
In many countries braces were worn by all classes of men for well over a hundred years until about the 1960s, except in the armed forces.
Then fashion changed and men's clothes became informal, with lower waistlines and belts.
Now they are a minority item.
Doves is an English alternative rock band.
They formed in 1998 when the two Williams brothers (Jez and Andy) met Jimi Goodwin in high school.
Doves newest album is The Places Between: The Best of Doves and was released on April 5, 2010.
Shin-Soo Choo (born July 13, 1982 in Busan, South Korea) is a South Korean baseball player.
He is a center fielder for the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball (MLB).
Choo also played for the Seattle Mariners from 2005-2006 and the Cleveland Indians from 2006–2012.
Choo was required to serve 2 years in the South Korea military service before he turns 30 in 2012.
However, he was exempted from military service due to his contribution to the Korean National Baseball team winning the Gold Medal in the 2010 Asian Games
Shin-Soo Choo's MLB player profile
Bryan Bickell (born March 9, 1986 in Orono, Ontario) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey left winger.
He played for the Chicago Blackhawks amd Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He was chosen 41st overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.
He earned a Stanley Cup ring from the team but his name was not engraved on the cup.
On June 24, 2013, Bickell won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.
Bickell began experiencing symptoms of vertigo that forced him to miss two games during the 2015 Stanley Cup Finals.
He initially believed the ailment was caused by an infected tooth.
Bickell's agent later commented that Bickell was suffering from vestibular issues, which hindered his performance during the 2015–16 Chicago Blackhawks season.
In November 2016, Bickell began experiencing an unexplained pain in his shoulder and leg that caused him to miss multiple games.
Doctors later diagnosed Bickell with multiple sclerosis.
Bickell commented on his health by stating, "Since the 2015 playoffs, I've been struggling to understand what was going on with my body.
Again during the past few weeks, it felt like something wasn't right."
Ron Francis, the Hurricanes' general manager, stated that Bickell would take an indefinite amount of time off from hockey to receive treatment for his condition.
While Bickell ultimately returned to Hurricanes towards the end of the 2016–17 season, he announced he would retire from playing hockey to focus on his MS treatment.
Khloé Alexandra Kardashian (born June 27, 1984) is an American television personality.
She is the sister of Kim and Kourtney Kardashian.
Kardashian is the daughter of Kris and Robert Kardashian Sr.,
who is known for representing O. J. Simpson during his infamous 1995 trial.
She has one younger brother, Rob Kardashian Jr. She has had her own reality television series, Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami and Khloé & Lamar.
She and her sisters own the fashion store DASH and formerly owned the children's store Smooch, both run by her family.
Kardashian was born on June 27, 1984 in Los Angeles, California.
In 2017, calling herself the "fat, funny sister" during her childhood, Kardashian introduced the new E!
TV series Revenge Body with Khloé Kardashian, focused on helping contestants lose weight and improve physically and mentally over 12 weeks before making a reveal of their new body.
The show was picked up for a second season.
Kardashian married Los Angeles Lakers basketball player Lamar Odom in 2009.
She filed for divorce in December 2013, and it was finalized in 2016.
She previously dated NBA player James Harden and music producer French Montana.
Kardashian is currently in a relationship with NBA player Tristan Thompson.
On September 26, 2017, it was revealed that they are expecting a child together.
This announcement came after Kardashian's half-sister Kylie Jenner announced her own pregnancy with rapper Travis Scott.
Amar Ramasar (born c. 1981, The Bronx) is a principal dancer of the New York City Ballet.
In 2010, Dance Magazine reported that Ramasar was one of the few Asian American professional ballet dancers.
He took his first dance lessons at the Henry Street Settlement House on the Lower East Side.
He went there every day by subway, from his home in the South Bronx.
The 2008 Kosovo illegal declaration of independence was an act of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government Assembly of Kosovo.
It was adopted on 17 February 2008 by all of the 109 members that were present, which was the minimum number needed for it to pass.
It declared Kosovo to be independent from Serbia.
It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo's Albanian-majority political institutions.
The first was proclaimed on 7 September 1990.
The government of Serbia said that the declaration was illegal.
It took the case to the International Court of Justice.
The ICJ said that the declaration did not violate international law.
Following a request from Russia, the United Nations Security Council held an emergency session in the afternoon of 17 February.
The United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, issued a statement that avoided taking sides and urged all parties "to refrain from any actions of statements that could endanger peace, incite violence or jeopardize security in Kosovo or the region."
Speaking on behalf of six western countries—Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy and the United States—the Belgian ambassador expressed regret "that the Security Council cannot agree on the way forward, but this impasse has been clear for many months.
Today's events... represent the conclusion of a status process that has exhausted all avenues in pursuit of a negotiated outcome."
ICJ ruling
On July 22, 2010 the International Court of Justice ruled that the declaration did not violate international law.
Prior to the announcement Hashim Thaçi said there would be no "winners or losers" and that "I expect this to be a correct decision, according to the will of Kosovo's citizens.
Kosovo will respect the advisory opinion."
For his part, Boris Tadić, the Serbian president, warned that "If the International Court of Justice sets a new principle, it would trigger a process that would create several new countries and destabilise numerous regions in the world."
Equal justice under law is a sentence on the front of the United States Supreme Court building in Washington D.C..
The Thai six-hour clock is a traditional time system used in Thailand and Laos.
It splits the day into 4 parts.
Grupo Santander is a banking group centered on Banco Santander, the largest bank in the Eurozone.
Grupo Santander is one of the largest banks in the world (in terms of market capitalisation).
It originated in Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Banco Hispanoamericano was created in 1900.
Banco Central was created in 1919.
Banco Central and Banco Hispanoamericano merged.
Banco Santander was founded in 1857.
Banco Central Hispano was founded in 1991.
In 1999, Banco Santander and Banco Central Hispano merged, creating Banco Santander Central Hispano, or BSCH.
The 1999 merger between Santander and Central Hispano was designed to be a "merger of equals".
The top executives of the two firms would share control of the new firm.
Soon after the merger former Central Hispano executives thought chairman Botin of trying to control the firm.
They threatened to take legal action against him.
The issue was resolved when Central Hispano the executives agreed to severance payments (money given when leaving a company), retirement.
They also turned control of the firm over to Mr. Botin.
This action cost the shareholders of the firm  €164M.
Because of the large payouts, Mr. Botin was brought to trial on criminal charges of "misappropriation of funds" (using company money the wrong way) and "irresponsible management."
In April 2005 he was cleared of all charges.
The decision said the retirement payments made were legal, "made as compensation for the services provided to the bank."
In 2005, Mr. Botin was accused of insider trading (trading stock based on knowledge the general public did not have).
The anti-corruption division of the Spanish public prosecutor's office cleared Mr. Botin of all charges.
On 26 July 2004 Banco Santander Central Hispano announced the purchase of Abbey National plc.
The shareholders' approved of the purchase, and it was formally approved by the courts.
Abbey became part of Grupo Santander on 12 November 2004.
In June 2006, Banco Santander Central Hispano purchased almost 20% of Sovereign Bank.
They also acquired the option to buy Sovereign Bank for $40 per share in the middle of 2008.
In May 2007 Banco Santander Central Hispano announced that it would make an offer to purchase ABN AMRO.
This offer was in conjunction with Royal Bank of Scotland and Fortis.
BSCH's offered to purchase 28% of ABN AMRO.
The offer would be made by a capital increase through a new stock share issue.
In October 2007,  the group outbid Barclays and purchased  ABN AMRO.
As part of the deal, Grupo Santander acquired ABN AMRO's subsidiary in Brazil, Banco Real, and its subsidiary in Italy, Banca Antonveneta.
In November 2007, it sold Banca Antonveneta to Monte dei Paschi di Siena.
In March 2008,  Banco Santander sold Interbanca, a subsidiary of Banca Antonveneta, to GE Commercial Finance In return, it received GE Money businesses in Germany, Finland and Austria, and GE's Card and Auto Financing Businesses in the UK.
These will be integrate into Santander Consumer Finance.
The group announced in July 2008 that it intended to takeover the UK bank Alliance & Leicester.
Alliance & Leicester had £24bn in deposits and 254 branches.
The purchase was completed in October 2008 when the group removed the company's shares from the London Stock Exchange.
This was followed by the purchase of the savings business of UK bank Bradford & Bingley (B&B) in September 2008 B&B had deposits of £22bn, 2.6m customers, 197 branches and 140 agencies.
The banks, along with Abbey, are to be merged under the Santander name in the UK by the end of 2010.
In October 2008, Grupo Santander announced that it would purchase the 75.65% of Sovereign Bancorp it does not currently own.
This would cosst approximately US$1.9 billion (€1.4 billion).
The purchase of Sovereign has given Santander its first retail bank in the mainland United States.
Fundación Banco Santander
Grupo Santander has numerous operations in Latin America.
It has renamed most of the subsidiaries it has acquired to Santander.
Grupo Santander has 131,819 employees, 90.1 million customers, 11,178 branches and 2.27 million shareholders.
Retail banking - the main part of Santander's operations - generates 82% of the group's profit.
On December 1, 2008, Santander announced that their Formula One sponsorship deal with McLaren will end in 2010, when Santander will become Ferrari's main sponsor.
However, in September 2009, Santander announced that it will continue its sponsorship with Vodafone McLaren-Mercedes due to its brand awareness in the UK rising from 20 to 82 percent.
On November 10, 2009, HSBC Finance Corporation announced an agreement with Santander Consumer USA Inc. (SC USA).
SC USA would sell HSBC US auto loan processing operations, and US $1 billion in auto loan receivables (money due to be received) for US $904 million in cash.
SC USA would also enter into a loan processing agreement for the remainder of its US auto loan portfolio.
This portfolio is in liquidation (being sold to pay off a debt).
The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2010.
Global operations
Santander Private Banking - pb.santander.com
Santander Consumer Finance - www.santanderconsumer.com
European operations
Santander Consumer Bank Austria AG  - www.santanderconsumer.at
Santander Consumer Finance Benelux B.V. - www.santander.be
Nova Santander Banka d.o.o.
Santander Consumer Finance a.s. -
www.santander.cz
Santander Consumer Bank AS
Santander Consumer Finance Oy - www.santander.fi
Santander Consumer France - www.santanderfinancements.fr
Santander Consumer Bank AG - www.santander.de
Santander Consumer Debit GmbH
Santander Consumer Leasing GmbH
Santander Consumer Finance Cltd - www.santander.hu
Santander Consumer Bank S.p.a - www.santanderconsumer.it
Santander Private Banking
Jersey (UK)
Abbey International
Banco Santander Totta S.A
Santander Consumer Finance Benelux B.V. - www.santander.nl
Santander Consumer Bank AS  - www.elcon.no
Santander Consumer Bank S.A. - www.santanderconsumer.pl
Banco Santander Consumer Portugal, SA - www.santanderconsumer.pt
Crédito Predial Português
Hispamer
Santander Consumer Finance - www.santanderconsumer.ru
www.santander.sk
Banesto
Santander Consumer Finance
Openbank
Banco BANIF
Santander Consumer Bank - www.santander.se
Santander UK
Cahoot
Cater Allen Private Bank
Santander Cards UK
Santander Consumer (UK) plc
Santander Totta
Latin American operations
Banco Santander Río (after acquisition of the local Banco Río by Santander) - www.santanderrio.com.ar
Banco Santander Brasil
Banco Santander-Chile (exBanco Santander Santiago)
Banco Santander Banefe
Banco Santander Colombia
Banco Santander (from merger of Banco Mexicano, Banco Serfín and Santander)
Banco Santander Perú S.A. - www.santander.com.pe
Banco Santander Puerto Rico - www.santandernet.com
Santander Overseas Bank - www.
www.santanderoverseas.com
Banco Santander Uruguay www.santander.com.uy
Asian operations
Banco Santander, S.A. - Hong Kong Branch
Banco Santander, S.A. - Shanghai Branch
African operations
Attijariwafa Bank (4,55% share)
North American operations
Sovereign Bank
Santander Consumer USA Inc.
Santander Global Banking & Markets
Roadloans -- www.roadloans.com
Inter-Alpha Group of Banks
Guillén, Mauro and Adrian Tschoegl (2008) Building a Global Bank: The Transformation of Banco Santander. (
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
A canteen is a bottle which can be re-used.
Canteens are most used for carrying water to places where water is hard to find.
Many canteens can be worn on a belt, or held with a strap, like a purse.
They are carried often by soldiers, hikers, and campers.
Old canteens were mostly made of metal but newer ones can be made of plastic.
The idea of a canteen comes from ancient times when water and wine were carried in bags made from animal skins.
A canteen is a small restaurant.
A restaurant found on an Army base or inside an office or factory is often called the canteen.
The food in a canteen is usually cheaper than in a restaurant, because the price is subsidized.
The Škoda Yeti is an SUV car produced by Škoda Auto since 2009.
It was facelifted in 2013 and its boxy styling received mixed reviews.
It has been replaced in late 2017 by a new, normal looking model called the Karoq.
2.0 TDI 81 kW (110 hp), 103 kW (140 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
Winners of the Hungarian Grand Prix
* Between 1999 and 2005 built by  Ilmor, funded by Mercedes
The Volkswagen Golf Mk6 is the sixth generation of the compact car Volkswagen Golf.
It successed the Mk5 in 2008.
2.0 GTI 154 kW (210 hp)
2.0 R 199 kW (270 hp)
2.0 TDI 81 kW (110 hp) and 103 kW (140 hp)
2.0 GTD 125 kW (170 hp)
Golf Mk6
it:Volkswagen Golf IV
The NBC Symphony Orchestra was a radio orchestra.
It was made by David Sarnoff of the National Broadcasting Company mostly for conductor Arturo Toscanini.
The NBC Symphony performed weekly radio concert broadcasts with Toscanini and other conductors.
It was the house orchestra for the network.
It began November 13, 1937.
It ended in 1954.
1937 establishments
1954 disestablishments
Gabriel Pierné was born in Metz in 1863.
His family moved to Paris to get away from the Franco-Prussian War.
Pierné got first prizes for solfège, piano, organ, counterpoint, and fugue.
He won the French Prix de Rome in 1882, with his work Edith.
His teachers were Antoine François Marmontel, Albert Lavignac, Émile Durand, César Franck (for the organ) and Jules Massenet (for composition).
He succeeded Franck as organist at Saint Clotilde Basilica in Paris from 1890 to 1898.
Pierné himself was succeeded by another Franck student.
His name was Charles Tournemire.
Associated for many years with Édouard Colonne's concert series, the Concerts Colonne, from 1903, Pierné became head conductor of this series in 1910.
His most famous early performance was the world start of Igor Stravinsky's ballet The Firebird, at the Ballets Russes, Paris, on 25 June 1910.
He remained in the post until 1933.
The Flash (or simply Flash) is the name of several popular comic book characters from the DC Comics universe.
Nicknamed the "Scarlet Speedster", all versions of the Flash who have the ability to travel at a very high speed, use superhuman reflexes and defy the laws of physics.
The original Flash first appeared in Flash Comics #1 (cover date January 1940 / release month November 1939).
This fictional character was created by writer Gardner Fox and Harry Lampert.
Thus far, at least four different characters—each of whom somehow gained the power of the "Speed Force"—have assumed the role of the Flash in DC's history: College athlete Jay Garrick (1940–1951, 1961–2011, 2017–present) was the first character to take on the alter-ego "The Flash", other characters who have been the  Flash are forensic scientist Barry Allen (1956–1985, 2008–present), Barry's brother-in-law Wally West (1986–2011, 2016–present) who is currently the youngest Flash, he calls himself "Kid Flash"; and Barry's grandson Bart Allen (2006–2007) who becomes "Impulse", the second hero known as Kid Flash.
Each version of the Flash has been a key member of at least one of DC's premier teams: the Justice Society of America, the Justice League, and the Teen Titans.
Most of the Flash stories take place in the fictional city of Central City.
The Flash is one of DC Comics' most popular characters and has been integral to the publisher's many reality-changing "crisis" storylines over the years.
The original meeting of the Golden Age Flash Jay Garrick and Silver Age Flash Barry Allen in "Flash of Two Worlds" (1961) introduced the Multiverse storytelling concept to DC readers, which would become the basis for many DC stories in the years to come.
Fictional characters biographies
The original Flash Jay Garrick from the Golden Age got his powers by inhaling heavy water vapors after falling asleep in his science lab.
He first used his powers to become a star football player.
Then later he began to use his powers to fight crime.
The character was created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert, and he first appeared in Flash Comics #1 (1940)
Barry Allen is a police scientist.
He got his powers when a lightning bolt hit his lab and splashed a number of chemicals on him.
Becoming Flash was ironic as Barry was slow, methodical, and often late prior to gaining his powers.
He is the Flash from the Silver Age, he was created by writer Robert Kanigher and penciler Carmine Infantino and he first appeared in Showcase #4 (October 1956).
Wally West got his powers at the young age of ten when he visited his uncle's laboratory (Uncle Barry Allen who was already Flash).
He got some chemicals on him and gained the power of super-speed.
Since he was so young he became "Kid Flash".
Later on he would take over the role of his uncle as Flash.
He is somehow the Flash from the Modern Age.
He made his first appearance as the Kid Flash in the Flash#110 in 1959 and he was created by John Broome and Carmine Infantino.
Bart Allen
Bart Allen is Barry Allen's grandson.
He was born with Super-speed, but also fast aging causing him to appear twelve when he was only two years old.
Once he got his aging under control he became "Impulse".
He would later become Kid Flash and finally Flash once he had grown up.
The character was created by Mark Waid and Mike Wieringo and he first made a cameo appearance in The Flash #91 in 1994, while his first full appearance in issue #92, and appeared as the lead character in Impulse (1995–2002) and The Flash: The Fastest Man Alive (2006–2007).
Daughter of the speedster Johnny Quick, Jesse Chambers becomes a speeding superhero like her father.
She later meets Wally West, the Flash, who asks her to be his replacement if something were to happen to him (as part of an elaborate plan on his part, trying to force Bart Allen to take his role in the legacy of the Flash more seriously).
She briefly assumes the mantle of the Flash, after Wally enters the Speed Force.
John Fox was a historian for the National Academy of Science in Central City in the 27th Century.
He was sent back in time to get the help of one or more of the three Flashes (Garrick, Allen, West), in order to defeat the radioactive villain Mota back in Fox's own time period. (
Each Flash had individually fought Mota over the course of several years in the 20th century.)
Fox's mission was a failure, but during his return trip, the tachyon radiation that sent him through the time stream gave him superspeed.
He defeated Mota as a new iteration of the Flash and operated as his century's Flash for a time.
Shortly after, he moved to the 853rd century and joined "Justice Legion A" (also known as Justice Legion Alpha) as seen in the DC One Million series of books.
The name "John Fox" is combined from the names of seminal comic book writers John Broome, who co-created the Barry Allen and Wally West Flashes, and Gardner Fox, who co-created the Jay Garrick Flash.
Unnamed Allen of the 23rd century
The father of Sela Allen, his wife and daughter were captured by Cobalt Blue.
He is forced to watch his wife die and his daughter become crippled.
As he and Max Mercury kill Cobalt Blue, a child takes Cobalt Blue's power gem and kills Allen.
This Flash is one of the two destined Flashes to be killed by Cobalt Blue.
Sela Allen
Sela Allen is an ordinary human in the 23rd century until Cobalt Blue steals electrical impulses away from her, causing her to become as slow to the world as the world is to the Flash.
Hoping to restore her, her father takes her into the Speed Force.
When her father is killed, she appears as a living manifestation of the Speed Force, able to lend speed to various people and objects, but unable to physically interact with the world.
Blaine Allen
Blaine Allen and his son live on the colony world of Petrus in the 28th century.
In an attempt to end the Allen blood line, Cobalt Blue injects Allen's son Jace with a virus.
Lacking super speed, Jace was unable to shake off the virus.
In despair, Blaine takes his son to the Speed Force in the hopes that it would accept him.
It takes Blaine instead and grants super speed to Jace so that he can shake off the sickness.
Jace Allen
Jace Allen gains super speed when his father brings him into the Speed Force to attempt to cure him of a virus injected into his body by Cobalt Blue in an attempt to end the Allen bloodline.
In memory of his father, Jace assumes the mantle of the Flash and continues the feud against Cobalt Blue.
Kryiad
After an alien creature invades Earth, a history buff named Kriyad travels back in time from the 98th century to acquire a Green Lantern power ring.
After being beaten by Barry Allen (The Flash (vol.
1) #309, May 1982), he travels back further in time and uses the chemicals from the clothes Barry Allen was wearing when he gained his powers to give himself super speed.
Kryiad later sacrifices his life to defeat the alien creature.
Bizarro Flash
Bizarro-Flash was created when Bizarro cloned Flash.
He had a costume the reverse colors of Flash's, however he had a mallet symbol because Flash was holding one when he was cloned.
The modern version of Bizarro Flash has the symbol of a thunderbolt-shaped mustard stain.
He has the powers of the Flash but he is completely intangible.
Like his Justice League colleagues Wonder Woman, Superman and Batman, the Flash has a distinctive cast of adversaries, including the various Rogues (unique among DC supervillains for their code of honor) and the various psychopathic "speedsters" who go by the names Reverse-Flash or Zoom.
Other supporting characters in Flash stories include Barry's wife Iris West, Wally's wife Linda Park, Bart's girlfriend Valerie Perez, friendly fellow speedster Max Mercury, and Central City police department members David Singh and Patty Spivot.
The Flash has been adapted to numerous DC films, video games, animated series, and live-action television shows.
In live action, Barry Allen has been portrayed by Rod Haase for the 1979 television special Legends of the Superheroes, John Wesley Shipp portrayed the title character in the 1990's television series The Flash and Grant Gustin portrays Barry Allen in the 2014 television series titled The Flash.
Shipp also portrays a version of Jay Garrick in the 2014 The Flash series.
Ezra Miller played the Flash in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and will again in Justice League (2017).
The various incarnations of the Flash also feature in animated series such as Superman: The Animated Series, Justice League, Batman: The Brave and the Bold and Young Justice'', as well as the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series.
Sir Michael Terence Wogan  (; 3 August 1938 – 31 January 2016), better known as Terry Wogan, was a veteran Irish-British radio and television broadcaster, who has worked for the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom for most of his career.
Before he retired from the weekday breakfast programme Wake Up to Wogan on BBC Radio 2 on 18 December 2009, Wogan had a regular eight million listeners, making him the most listened to radio broadcaster of any European nation.
He began his career at Raidió Teilifís Éireann where he presented shows such as Jackpot in the 1960s.
Wogan was a leading media personality in the UK from the late 1960s and is often referred to as a national treasure.
He is best known in the United Kingdom for his BBC 1 chat show Wogan, the game show Blankety Blank, for his work presenting Children in Need, as the host of Wake Up to Woganon BBC Radio 2, and as the BBC's commentator for the Eurovision Song Contest from 1980 to 2008.
He was awarded an honorary knighthood in 2005.
When he took dual British citizenship later that year, he became entitled to be addressed as "Sir Terry Wogan".
British entertainers
Disease-related deaths in Buckinghamshire
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Wake Up to Wogan (WUTW) was the most listened to radio show in the United Kingdom and the flagship breakfast programme broadcast on BBC Radio 2.
The show was presented by Sir Terry Wogan who fronted WUTW from 4th January 1993; he had previously presented the breakfast show between 1972 and 1984, but the title WUTW was only added at the start of his second term.
On 7 September 2009, Wogan confirmed to his listeners that he would be leaving the show at the end of the year, with Chris Evans taking over the breakfast show from the 11th January 2010.
The final show was broadcast on 18 December 2009.
Regular stand-in presenter Johnnie Walker would become interim host of the breakfast show for the three week period between Wogan's departure and Evans'.
Attica Correctional Facility is a prison in Attica, New York.
The prison was the site of a riot in 1971, because prisoners wanted better conditions in it.
Happy slapping is a trend in which innocent people are hurt, for no apparent reason.
Most of the time, happy slapping is done in groups.
One person in the group will hit an innocent person, while another films the onset.
In English-speaking countries, the crime is usually deemed assault.
In some cases, the victims are beaten to unconsciousness, or even killed.
Mostly, the name is used for small acts of violence such as hitting or jumping on the victim, but the media has also used it for more serious crimes such as murder, rape, and sexual assault.
Happy slapping began in South London, particularly the London Borough of Lewisham.
The first use was as Slap Happy TV, where many people would watch and judge the exploit of a happy slapper.
Eni S.p.
A. () is an Italian multinational oil and gas company.
Eni is present in 70 countries, and currently is Italy's largest industrial company.
It has a market capitalization of US$ 38.06 billion, as of 31 December 2020.
The Italian Government owns a 30.33% golden share in the company.
Golden shares are special stock shares that allow the government to control a company.
4.37% of the shares are held through the state Treasury and 25.96% are held through the Cassa depositi e prestiti (a bank mostly owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance of Italy).
Eni ranks among the top 100 on Fortune Global 500 list for largest companies by revenue.
Agip was started in 1926.
After World War II, Enrico Mattei was appointed Special Administrator to close down Agip.
With the discovery of the Caviaga gas field in the Po Valley, the process of closing Agip was  halted.
Enrico Mattei converted it to a state monopoly (a company with no competition), and renamed it Eni.
Eni comes from the company's original full name Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (National Hydrocarbons Agency).
Eni was to supply energy to Italy and contribute to the country's industrial development.
Eni decided that natural gas would supply the energy needed from the crisis of the 1973 oil embargo.
They import gas from the Soviet Union and the Netherlands.
Snam started the Transmediterranean pipeline, moving gas from the Hassi-R-Mel field in Algeria to the Po Valley.
The gas pipeline was more than 2,500 km or 1550 miles long.
It started in the Algerian desert and crosses Tunisia.
It then crosses the Sicilian Channel at a water depth of over 650 metres or 2100 feet.
Next it goes through Sicily and up the length of the entire Italian peninsula.
In the 1990s, Eni changed from a public corporation into a joint stock company.
Most of Eni's share capital was put on the market in four successive public issues.
Agip's international work increased with new acquisitions in Algeria, China, Angola, the North Sea and Egypt.
New agreements were signed with Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and for the Nigerian and Angolan deep water oil.
Eni incorporated Agip, and became an oil and gas producer.
Eni's daily oil and gas production reached the equivalent of 1,871 million barrels of oil.
In the 2000s, Eni started many projects for the production of renewable sources in Italy, such as the conversion of its refineries in Porto Marghera and in Gela into biorefineries (refineries that convert organic material to energy), or Progetto Italia, to build  photovoltaic plants in Sardinia (Assemini, Porto Torres).
Eni is the main shareholder of the American company Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS).
Together with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), CFS is trying to build a fusion reactor using a principle called Tokamak.
This reactor is expected to be cheaper than the ones designed in other international projects.
In September 2021 CFS carried out an experiment using high-temperature superconductors, which showed that it is possible to create a fusion chamber that mimics the fusion process of deuterium and tritium that occurs inside the sun, in order to produce sustainable energy.
Exploration and production
Eni operates in the exploration (searching) and production of hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas) in Italy, North Africa, West Africa, the North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and Australia.
It also operates in areas with great potential to produce oil such as the Caspian Sea, the Middle and Far East, India and Alaska.
Its crude oil production comes primarily from Libya, Egypt, Nigeria, the Congo, the North Sea, and Angola.
Smaller amounts of crude oil production come from  Tunisia and in the United States.
Eni's China production began in 1992, but it is only 1 percent of Eni's total crude oil production.
Eni supplies natural gas.
Gas sales reached 73.07 billion cubic meters in 2019.
In June 2008 the company bought 57% of Distrigas, a Belgian company that supplies natural gas.
In March 2009 it bought the rest of Distrigas.
As of June 30, 2009 Distrigas is a fully owned subsidiary of Eni.
Engineering and construction
Eni operates Saipem, a subsidiary, and owns 30.54%  of the company.
Saipem works in engineering, and oilfield services and construction.
Refining and marketing
Eni is one of the majors operators in refining and marketing of petroleum products in Italy.
Eni is also engaged in retail and wholesales activities in Central Europe and Eastern Europe.
Since 2007, Eni ranked in the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index  and it was also included in the FTSE4Good Index, two famous indexes that evaluate the sustainability performance and the ethical investments of the companies on the stock exchange.
In 2013 Eni was the only FTSE MIB (Milano Italia Borsa) company to have the triple E for Standard Ethics.
Eni is among the Top 10 companies by sustainability score in the WBCSD rank, a rank conceived by a global organization including over 200 international companies that works on issues related to sustainable development.
Eni is involved in many projects to help fighting the climate change and cooperates with several institution to reduce its impact on the environment.
The Central Energy Italian Gas Holding scandal in 2005 involved Eni and Gazprom.
Eni was one of the two companies selected to provide natural gas to Italy.
Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was a close friend of one of the main owners of Eni.
The Italian parliament canceled the contract.
In 2009, the European Commission filed formal antitrust charges against Eni.
The commission believes that Eni has conspired (planned) to keep competitors from using its gas pipelines.
In 2010, Eni proposed to sell its shares of the pipelines TAG, TENP e Transitgas and the European Commission accepted Eni proposal.
(en) Marcello Boldrini, Mattei, Rome, Colombo, 1969
(it) Marcello Colitti, Energia e sviluppo in Italia, Bari, De Donato, 1979
(en) Paul H. Frankel, Oil and Power Policy, New York – Washington, Praeger, 1966
(en) Pier Paolo Pasolini, Petrolio, various
(it) Nico Perrone, Enrico Mattei, Bologna, Il mulino, 2001
Eni from Yahoo!
New Gas Routes to the European Union
Mercedes GP Petronas Formula One Team, the trading name of Mercedes-Benz Grand Prix Limited.
They are the Formula One racing team and constructor (builder) of Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz debuted in Formula One in , and competed with great success in the  and  seasons.
After the 1955 season, Mercedes left the sport.
Despite part-ownerships, and engine supplier deals in the 1990s and 2000s, it did not return as a factory team until November 2009.
Mercedes has been giving engines to the McLaren team since .
Mercedes-Benz, through its parent Daimler AG, and in partnership with Aabar Investments, reached an agreement to purchase the Brawn GP team.
Daimler would buy 45.1% of Brawn, and Aabar would buy 30%.
The purchase would be pending corporate and regulatory approval.
The Brawn team was created when they purchased the Honda Racing F1 team.
Brawn had won the drivers' and constructors' championships in the  season, their first and only season as a team.
Former Williams driver Nico Rosberg was joined by seven-time World Champion Michael Schumacher for the team's maiden racing season.
Mercedes has Nick Heidfeld as the test and reserve driver.
Mercedes in Grand Prix motor racing (1930s–1955)
Mercedes-Benz first competed in Grand Prix motor racing in the 1930s.
The Silver Arrows cars by Mercedes-Benz and rivals Auto Union were the best racing cars.
Both teams were heavily funded by the Nazi regime.
They won all the European Grand Prix Championships after 1932.
Rudolf Caracciola won three of the championships for Mercedes-Benz.
In 1954 Mercedes-Benz returned to racing in the current f1 series using the advanced Mercedes-Benz W196 (pictured).
This car was run in both open-wheeled and streamlined (body work that covered the wheels) forms.
Juan Manuel Fangio, a previous champion the  season transferred mid-season from Maserati to Mercedes-Benz for their debut at the French Grand Prix on July 4, 1954.
The team had immediate success with a 1-2 victory (taking both first and second place) with Fangio and Karl Kling.
They also set the fastest lap of the race with (Hans Herrmann).
Fangio went on to win three more races in 1954, and won the Formula One World Championship.
They continued to have success in the  season, where the same car was used again.
Mercedes dominated the season, with Fangio wining four races, and his new team mate Stirling Moss winning the British Grand Prix.
Fangio and Moss finished first and second in 1955's World Championship.
A terrible crash at the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans on June 11 killed Mercedes driver Pierre Levegh and over 80 spectators.
This crash led to the cancellations of the French, German, Spanish and Swiss Grands Prix that year.
Mercedes-Benz withdrew from motor sport, including Formula One, at the end of the 1955 season.
The company made a return to the Formula One in  by unofficially supplying the Sauber team with engines.
The next year, the partnership was made official.
For , Mercedes change teams and started supplying engines to the McLaren.
Mercedes also purchased a small portion of the McLaren.
McLaren won three drivers' championships and one constructors' championship between 1995 and .
In 2009, Mercedes began supplying engines to the Brawn GP and Force India teams.
In 2009, Brawn won both the driver's and constructors' championship.
Pre-Mercedes
The current Mercedes team can be traced back to the long-running Tyrrell Racing team.
Tyrrell competed as a constructor from 1970 until 1998.
In 1999, Tyrrell became British American Racing (BAR).
BAR formed a partnership with Honda, and becoming Honda Racing F1 Team in 2006.
In December 2008, Honda decided to leave Formula One racing, and Brawn GP, was formed from the Honda Team.
Brawn's association with Mercedes began when the team opted to use the Mercedes FO 108W engine at the last minute.
Mercedes needed special permission to supply engines to Brawn.
The Formula One regulations at the time only allowed an engine supplier to supply two teams.
Mercedes was already supplying engines to both McLaren and Force India.
Brawn won the first race it entered at the 2009 Australian Grand Prix.
Jenson Button won six of their first seven races of the season, and won the  World Championship.
His team-mate Rubens Barrichello won at Valencia and Italy.
Both Button and Brawn went on to secure the Drivers' and Constructors' World Championships in the race in Brazil, the next to the last race of the season.
It was the first time in the sport's sixty-year history that a team won both the drivers' and constructors' titles in its maiden (first) season.
2010: Return to Formula One
Acquisition of Brawn GP
On November 16, 2009, it was officially announced that Mercedes would acquire the Brawn team, with Ross Brawn continuing his duties as team leader.