the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The station was originally known as Gillespie Road.
In 1932, it was renamed after Arsenal Football Club.
It is the only Tube station named directly after a football club.
Gillespie Road station was opened by the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR) on 15 December 1906.
When the different London Underground companies were joined together, the GNP&BR became the Piccadilly line.
The original station building and ticket hall were designed by Leslie Green.
The buildings had red terracotta on the outside.
The station is similar to Holloway Road and Caledonian Road stations, also on the Piccadilly line.
The station was renamed to Arsenal in 1932.
Railway stations opened in 1906
Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) is an endangered species of Australian possum.
They need food all year round, and trees with holes where they can hide during the day.
They live in mixed-age wet sclerophyll forest with plenty of Acacia.
The possum was once thought to be extinct.
It now lives only in small areas of old and mixed age mountain ash forest in the central highlands of Victoria, north-east of Melbourne.
These trees are a species of Eucalyptus: they give off vapour which catches fire easily.
About half this area was burnt in the disastrous Black Saturday bushfire in 2009.
Large areas of the forest around Marysville, Narbethong and Healesville were destroyed.
Vostok 1 (, East or Orient 1) was the first flight to take a human into space.
It used a Vostok 3KA spacecraft, and was launched on April 12, 1961.
It took into space Yuri Gagarin, a cosmonaut from the Soviet Union.
The Vostok 1 mission was the first time a person went into outer space and the first time anyone had entered into orbit.
The flight made one orbit and lasted for 1 hour, 48 minutes.
The Vostok 1 was launched by the Soviet space program and made by the Soviet rocket scientists Sergei Korolev and Kerim Kerimov.
The Vostok spacecraft weighed , was  long and  in diameter.
The cosmonaut flew inside a spherical module.
He sat on a seat which was also an ejection seat which allowed the cosmonaut to escape from the spacecraft in case of an emergency.
The flight was simple, the cosmonaut was simply a passenger.
There were controls for use in an emergency.
The spacecraft had a food locker, radio, a cabinet with experiments inside, and two windows, one above the ejection seat and one to the right.. Gagarin ejected from the spacecraft after re-entry and landed by parachute.
Red Faction: Guerrilla is a third-person shooter video game made by Volition, Inc. and published by THQ, with the PC version being made by Reactor Zero.
The game first came out on June 2, 2009 in North America for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.
In the European countries it was released on June 5 2009 and the Microsoft Windows version will be released on August 25 2009.
The game is the third game in the Red Faction series.
Red Faction: Guerrilla has a third person perspective, the first two games had a first-person perspective.
This was changed because Volition though that the third-person view would be better because the player would be able to see more of the environment.
In Red Faction: Guerrilla, the hero, Alec Mason, can run, jump, steal vehicles, and use weapons to explore the open world of Mars and fight the EDF (Earth Defense Force).
Red Faction: Guerrilla has gotten good reviews.
The Metacritic score is 85/100.
The GameSpot reviewer Randolph Ramsey gave the game a, 8.5/10.
He said that the physics and the realism of the game were good, but also said that the game is repetitive and that the story was not good.
IGN reviewer Charles Onyett gave the game an 8/10.
He said that the game is fun, but that the storyline, graphics, and voice acting are weak.
A glazed tile is a tile with glaze.
It is made by putting chemical glazes on the tile, let it dry, and putting it into a kiln (an oven that heats up to high temperatures).
The kiln heats to about 2000 degrees turning the chemical glaze to colors.
It is often framed and sold.
This is a popular form of art.
Glazed tiles can also come in a range of textures, from more coarse matte tiles which are good for flooring since they provide traction to high gloss, very smooth tiles which work well for countertops and splashbacks.
Glazed tiles were used to make the roof  on buildings in China.
The Enola Gay is a B-29 Superfortress Bomber.
This plane is famous for dropping the first atomic bomb (named Little Boy) over the Japanese city of Hiroshima during World War II.
The Bomber is named after its Pilot, Paul Tibbets' mother Enola Gay Tibbets.
The plane was used from 18 May 1945 to 24 July 1946, after which it was stored at Suitland, Maryland.
Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr (23 February 1915 – 1 November 2007) was a Brigadier general for the United States Air Force from 1937 to 1966.
Paul is famous for dropping the first Atomic bomb on Hiroshima in the B-29 Superfortress called Enola Gay.
He was born in Quincy, Illinois.
Tibbets died of heart failure after suffering a small stroke in Columbus, Ohio, aged 92.
His remains were cremated where his ashes were later scattered across the English Channel.
509th Composite Group
Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima
BBC News item announcing Tibbets' death
In pictures: Paul Tibbets
Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, November 2, 2007
Obituary, The Guardian, November 2, 2007
Obituary, The Times, November 2, 2007
"Hiroshima; Enola Gay's Crew Recalls The Flight Into a New Era", New York Times, August 6, 1995
Phil Jackson (born September 17, 1945) is a coach in the NBA.
He has won eleven championships as coach in the NBA, six with the Chicago Bulls and five with the Los Angeles Lakers.
With his 10th championship, Phil Jackson surpassed Red Auerbach, who won 9 championships before 1966.
As of March 4, 2010, Phil Jackson has the highest winning percentage in regular season games of any coach in NBA history who coached at least 500 games.
Before he was a coach, Jackson was a player for the New York Knicks and the New Jersey Nets.
Jackson is from Montana.
Chicago Bulls head coaches
New Jersey Nets players
Sportspeople from Montana
Kennel cough or tracheobronchitis is a very easily caught dog illness.
The dogs have swelling and pain  of the upper breathing passages.
It can be caused by viral infections such as canine distemper, canine adenovirus, canine parainfluenza virus, or canine respiratory coronavirus, or bacterial infections such as Bordetella bronchiseptica.
It is called kennel cough because the infection can spread very quickly among dogs, who live together as in a kennel or an animal shelter.
Both viral and bacterial causes of kennel cough are spread through the air by infected dogs sneezing and coughing.
It can also be spread through contact with things that have the bacteria or virus on them.
It can still be spread days or weeks after symptoms disappear.
Symptoms  usually begin about 3 to 5 days after the dog is around the infected animal or object.
The disease can turn into pneumonia.
Symptoms can include a harsh, dry coughing, retching, sneezing, snorting (noise made with the nose), gagging or vomiting in response to light pressing of the trachea or after excitement or exercise.
The symptoms are caused by the inflammation of the airways.
It can increase after excitement or exercise because of the quick breathing that takes place which causes the nerves of airway to become more stimulated.
A fever is not always present.
The disease can last 10–20 days and can come back when the dog is put into a stressful situation which puts stress on the dog's immune system.
Medical diagnosis is made by seeing these symptoms, having a history of exposure is also helpful but not always found as kennel cough is easily spread through contact with the ground, toys, sidewalks, dog parks.
Treatment and prevention
Antibiotics are given to treat any bacterial infection present.
Cough suppressants are used if the cough is not productive (nothing is being coughed up).
The usual outcome is good.
Prevention is by vaccinating for canine adenovirus, distemper, parainfluenza, and Bordetella.
In kennels, the best prevention is to keep all the cages clean.
Most kennels will not board dogs without proof of vaccination.
Kennel Cough Home Remedy
Kennel Cough from The Pet Health Library
Merck Veterinary Manual Entry on Kennel Cough
Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer (14 August 1910 – 19 August 1995) was a French musician and other things, like an inventor and engineer, and more.
He was born in Nancy.
He created a kind of music called musique concrète (which in the French speak means "concrete music").
This music was different from regular music, and had many sounds from things in the real world.
People from Nancy
Area 51 is a military base, and a remote detachment of Edwards Air Force Base.
It is in the southern portion of Nevada in the western United States, 83 miles (133 km) north-northwest of downtown Las Vegas.
At its center, on the southern shore of Groom Lake, is a large military airfield.
The base's primary purpose is to support development and testing of experimental aircraft and weapons systems.
The base is in the United States Air Force's Nevada Test and Training Range NTTR, formerly called the Nellis Air Force Range NAFR.
Although the facilities at the range are managed by the 99th Air Base Wing at Nellis Air Force Base, the Groom facility appears to be run as an adjunct of the Air Force Flight Test Center AFFTC at Edwards Air Force Base in the Mojave Desert, around 186 miles (300 km) southwest of Groom, and as such the base is known as Air Force Flight Test Center Detachment 3.
Though the name Area 51 is used in official Central Intelligence Agency documentation, other names used for the facility include Dreamland, Paradise Ranch, Home Base, Watertown Strip, Groom Lake, and most recently Homey Airport.
The area is part of the Nellis Military Operations Area, and the restricted airspace around the field is referred to as R- 4808N, known by the military pilots in the area as "The Box" or "the Container ".
The facility is not a conventional airbase, as frontline operational units are not normally deployed there.
It instead appears to be used for highly classified military/defense Special Access Programs SAP, which are unacknowledged publicly by the government, military personnel, and defense contractors.
Its mission may be to support the development, testing, and training phases for new aircraft weapons systems or research projects.
Once these projects have been approved by the United States Air Force or other agencies such as the CIA, and are ready to be announced to the public, operations of the aircraft are then moved to a normal air force base.
There was intense secrecy surrounding the base.
The U.S. government did not acknowledge its existence until July 14, 2003.
This secrecy made it the frequent subject of fiction and conspiracy theories and a central component to unidentified flying object (UFO) folklore.
Testing the U-2 plane in the 1950s – at altitudes much higher than commercial aeroplanes then flew – provoked "a tremendous increase in reports of unidentified flying objects (UFOs)".
In July 2019, more than 1,700,000 people responded to a joke proposal to storm Area 51 which appeared in an anonymous Facebook post.
A further 1,300,000 people said they were interested in the event, scheduled for 20 September 2019, and billed as "Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us", an attempt to "see them aliens."
Ding Liren (born 1992) is a Chinese chess grandmaster.
He won the Chinese Chess Championship in 2009.
On 6 June 2009, at the age of 16, he became the youngest ever person to win the national title.
In October 2009, he became China's 30th Grandmaster.
gallery of images
Sina.com.cn
Chinese chess players
Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy's Progress (1838) is Charles Dickens's second novel.
It was first published as a book by Richard Bentley in 1838.
It tells the story of an orphan boy and his adventures among London's slums.
Oliver is captured by, and forced to work among, pickpockets and thieves until redeemed by a gentleman who has taken an interest in him.
Characters include Fagin, Nancy, Bill Sykes, and the Artful Dodger.
The book is one of the earliest examples of the social novel.
It draws the reader's attention to evils such as child labour, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children.
The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of hardships as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s.
It is likely that Dickens's own early youth as a child labourer contributed to the story's development.
The book influenced American writer Horatio Alger, Jr. and his stories of poor boys living on the streets of nineteenth-century New York City.
The book has been adapted to a popular musical play called Oliver!
and several movies, notably a 1948 production starring Alec Guiness as Fagin.
A Disney animated feature about alley cats called Oliver & Company has also been released.
Danish Prabha Shanker Kaneria (born 16 December 1980) is a Pakistani cricketer.
He was born in Karachi and made his first cricket entrance in 2000 against England in Faisalabad.
He is generally a leg spin bowler and is famous for his googlies.
His best bowling figures are getting 7 wickets for 77 runs against Bangladesh.
Kaneria was born into a Gujarati family of Marwari origin.
On June 22, 2012 Kaneria was banned for life from any involvement in the playing, organisation or administration of any cricket under the jurisdiction of the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB).
Kaneria was found guilty of two charges of spot fixing.
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar   (born 24 April 1973 in Mumbai) is a former Indian cricketer.
He has the highest number of runs in both Test cricket and One Day Internationals.
He also has the highest number of centuries in both formats of the game.
His last Test match being played against the West Indies.
He always honoured better players than him like Garfield Sobers or Don Bradman.
100th international century
Tendulkar scored his much awaited 100th international hundred on 16 March 2012 against Bangladesh in the Asia Cup.
He became the first person in history to achieve this feat.
Incidentally, it was Tendulkar's first ODI hundred against Bangladesh.
He said "It's been a tough phase for me ... I was not thinking about the milestone, the media started all this, wherever I went, the restaurant, room service, everyone was talking about the 100th hundred.
Nobody talked about my 99 hundreds.
It became mentally tough for me because nobody talked about my 99 hundreds."
National honours of sachin
1994 - Arjuna Award, by the Government of India in recognition of his outstanding achievement in sports.
1997-98 - Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest honour given for achievement in sports.
1999 - Padma Shri, India's 'fourth' highest civilian award.
2001 - Maharashtra Bhushan Award, Maharashtra State's highest Civilian Award.
2008 - Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award.
2014 - Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award.
Full Information about sachin in simple
People from Mumbai
Indian cricketers
Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin (born near Pittsburgh, November 25, 1862; died in New Haven, Connecticut, February 17, 1901) was an American pianist and composer.
He is remembered for a small number of romantic songs and piano pieces which became extremely popular in the early 20th century.
Nevin was born  in 1862, at Vineacre, on the river Ohio, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He grew up there.
His father was a newspaper editor and he taught the young boy most subjects.
His mother played the piano.
The family bought a grand piano, which was the first grand piano ever to be taken across the Allegheny Mountains.
Ethelbert showed musical promise when he was very young.
His brother and cousins were also musical.
When he was four he was playing the piano with cushions on the floor so that he could reach the pedals.
His father took him to Dresden for two years to study music.
He also studied in Pittsburgh and in Boston.
He started his career giving piano lessons.
When he had earned enough money he went to Berlin where he had lessons from Karl Klindworth, who was a good teacher for him.
He showed Nevin how important it was to have a good general knowledge, and not just to spend hours and hours practising the piano.
This helped Nevin, who had good tastes in literature and he chose some good poems to make into songs.
In 1885 he was invited to join a group who had lessons from  Hans von Bülow.
He played works by of Brahms, Liszt, and Raff.
Cosima Wagner and Joseph Joachim often came to the concerts given by this group.
In 1887 he went back to America and lived in Boston, where he taught and played in some concerts.
He asked Richard Strauss to teach him composition but Strauss did not accept him.
In 1892 he went to Paris, where he taught singing, and helped many American and French opera singers to learn their parts for singing in operas.
He worked very hard and his health got bad.
He spent his last years in several European places and then he went back to America.
He died in 1901.
Nevin's music is romantic, and sometimes rather sentimental for modern tastes.
His best known piece is "Narcissus" from Water Scenes.
These pieces were used by the dancer Isadora Duncan to dance to.
He also wrote a famous song called "The Rosary" and "Mighty Lak' a Rose".
New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed.
Eucalyptus regnans, also called Mountain Ash, Victorian Ash, Swamp Gum, Tasmanian Oak or Stringy Gum, is a species of Eucalyptus from Victoria and Tasmania.
It can grow to more than  and is the tallest flowering plant in the world.
It is an evergreen tree, the tallest eucalyptus tree, growing 70–120 m (230–400 feet) tall.
It has a straight, grey trunk with smooth bark.
The leaves are narrow, curved, and end in a point, like a sickle.
They grow up to  long and  wide.
They are green to grey-green with a red stalk.
The flowers are in groups of 9-15 together, each flower about 1 cm (0.5 in) diameter with a ring of many white stamens.
The fruit is a hard nut, up to 9 mm (0.5 in) long and 7 mm (0.4 in) wide.
Mountain Ash are found in cool, deep soiled, mountain areas to  above sea level, with high rainfall of over  each year.
They grow very quickly, at more than a metre (3 feet) a year, and can reach  in 50 years.
They live for an average life-span of 400 years.
The fallen logs continue supporting a rich variety of life for centuries more on the forest floor.
Unusually for a eucalypt, Mountain Ash does not regrow after fire.
They grow only from seed which are released from their woody gumnuts by heat.
The seedlings need a lot of light, much more than reaches the forest floor normally when there are mature trees blocking the sun.
Severe fires can kill all the trees in a forest, which causes a massive release of seed to take advantage of the nutrients in the ash bed.
Up to 2.5 million seedlings per  have been recorded after a major fire.
Competition and natural thinning slowly reduces the number of mature trees to about 30 to 40 per hectare.
Because it takes roughly 20 years for seedlings to reach become old enough to make seeds, repeated fires in the same area can cause local extinctions.
If, however, there are no fires to release seeds, the trees die off after about 400 years and are replaced by other species.
Tall trees
Eucalyptus regnans is the tallest of all flowering plants, and possibly the tallest of all plants, although no living trees can make that claim.
The tallest tree, named "Centurion", stands 99.6 metres tall in Tasmania.
There are 16 living trees in Tasmania that have been measured taller than 90 metres.
The tallest tree ever found was the "Ferguson Tree", at 132.6 metres, found in the Watts River region of Victoria in 1872.
It had fallen over and was measured by William Ferguson, the Inspector of State Forests.
The top of the tree had broken off, but the trunk was still more than one metre in diameter.
Ferguson guessed the tree would have been more than 152 metres in height.
Eucalyptus regnans is valued for its timber, and large areas of trees have been cut down.
The main uses are building timber and woodchipping.
It also used for newsprint in the 20th century.
Most of the woodchips are sent to Japan.
While the area of natural stands with large old trees is rapidly decreasing, large areas of new trees exist.
It is increasingly grown in plantations where the long, straight, fast growing trunks are more valuable than the old growth timber.
The timber is rather rough (stringy) in texture.
It is easy to work and the grain is straight with long, clear sections without knots.
The wood works reasonably well for steam-bending.
It is used for furniture, flooring, woodpanelling, veneer, plywood, window frames and general building.
Bahía Lomas is a protected wetland area in Chile.
It was declared as a legal measure of protecting the site, which is expected to be nominated as a Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve under the RAMSAR Convention.
Complete List Ramsar Wetlands
RAMSAR Chile
Path of the Furon is the 4th Destroy All Humans!
in the series first released December 1, 2008 in North America for the Xbox 360.
The game is made by THQ's Sandblast Games studio for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.
Path of the Furon has around 30 story missions, 20 side quests, and multiplayer modes.
As with previous games in the series, most story missions can be played in any order.
Creative director Jon Knoles said that the side quests would have something to do with the story.
The player plays as Crypto, an alien.
He can shoot humans, use the jet pack, and use Psychokinesis at the same time.
There are now flying enemies, like helicopters and Nexo UFO's that can attack Crypto while he is in his UFO.
Buildings can be destroyed and scarred in different ways when attacked with different weapons.
The game has a new alert scheme with police, SWAT, military awareness, and Nexo alert.
Electricity goes through power lines when damage is caused to them.
The player can exit and enter some buildings during some missions.
The Simpsons Hit & Run is an action-adventure video game based on the animated sitcom (comedy TV show) The Simpsons.
It was released for the Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, PlayStation 2, and Windows in the United States on September 16, 2003 and in Europe on October 31, 2003.
The game was developed or made by Radical Entertainment and published or was put out to be sold by Vivendi Universal.
To make the game harder and more fun, the story and dialogue were written by the writers of the TV show.
The voices were supplied by the cast of The Simpsons.
The game follows the Simpson family and the people who live in Springfield, who see many strange things that happen in their town.
When the Simpsons themselves decide to find out what is going on, they find out that aliens Kang and Kodos are filming a reality television series about the city.
To make the show more interesting, the aliens release Buzz Cola, a soda that makes people go crazy, into Springfield's water supply.
With help from Professor Frink, Homer is able to  destroy the aliens' spaceship, and Springfield and its people are returned to normal.
The game received mostly positive, or good reviews from video game critics.
Praise was given mostly on how much the game is was like the show and its funny take on the Grand Theft Auto III video game.
The game received the award for Fave Video Game at the 2004 Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards.
More than three million copies of the game were sold as of June 2007.
Hit & Run has seven levels, each with missions and a unique plot.
The player can only move, or control one certain character in each level.
The game's playable characters are Homer Simpson, Bart Simpson, Lisa Simpson, Marge Simpson, and Apu Nahasapeemapetilon.
When walking, the playing character can walk, run, and perform many attacks: a normal kick, a jumping kick, and a smashing move.
To drive, the player can either drive one of the many vehicles that are on the road, a feature taken from Grand Theft Auto 3, or use a phone booth to choose a car.
The game's driving missions are also similar to those of Grand Theft Auto 3.
In both games, the player races against other characters, gets items before a timer runs out, and wrecks other cars.
Brandy is a type of alcoholic beverage.
It has about 36%-60% alcohol (60-120 proof).
It is from a distillation of fermented fruit juices or fruit mash.
The color is amber/brown.
It has a sweet flavor.
It is normally an after dinner drink.
Labelling of grades
Brandy has a traditional age grading system, although its use is unregulated outside of Cognac and Armagnac.
These indicators can usually be found on the label near the brand name:
V.S. ("very special") or ✯✯✯ (three stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy has been stored for at least two years in a cask.
V.S.O.P. ("very superior old pale"), Reserve or ✯✯✯✯✯ (five stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least four years in a cask.
XO ("extra old") or Napoléon designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least six years.
Hors d'âge ("beyond age") is a designation which is formally equal to XO for Cognac, but for Armagnac designates brandy that is at least ten years old.
In practice the term is used by producers to market a high-quality product beyond the official age scale.
NASDAQ is a stock exchange in New York City.
It stands for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations.
About 3,800 companies trade on it.
It is owned by a company called Nasdaq, Inc.
NASDAQt was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD).
The Internet Engineering Task Force, or IETF, is the main organization that researches and promotes new Internet standards.
It is an open volunteer organization.
A Request for Comments, or RFC, is a document from the IETF.
These are divided into several categories: Informational, Historical, and Standard-track.
Only Standard-track are Internet Standards.
Iranian Arabs عربان ايرانی are the Arabic-speaking peoples of Iran.
Most Iranian Arabs live in the coastal regions of southern Iran by the Persian Gulf.
Iranian Arab communities are also found in Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates.
The Tibetan Muslims, also known as the Kachee (Kache), are a small minority in Tibet.
Despite being Muslim, they are classified as Tibetans.
The Tibetan word Kachee literally means Kashmiri and Kashmir was known as Kachee Yul (Yul = Country).
The small number of Tibetan Muslims live throughout Tibet. ,
Many of them can be found in Lhasa and Shigatse.
Some live outside the Tibet Autonomous Region.
These ethnic groups such as the Balti (indigenous people) and Burig are of Tibetan origin and consider themselves to be ethnically Tibetan, are Muslims as well.
These other groups, however, are mainly found in the Occupied Kashmir's Ladakh area and the Pakistani-admnistered Baltistan.
Lure is a French city in the Haute-Saône department in eastern France.
About  people live there.
Communes in Haute-Saône
Burnout Paradise is the seventh video game of the Burnout series made by Criterion Games.
It was released in January 2008 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 and on February 5, 2009 on Microsoft Windows.
It was also released on the PlayStation Store in September 2008.
It has an open world set in the fictional Paradise City.
The Wave is a local radio station in South Wales.
It is available on 96.4 FM, digital radio and on the Internet, in Swansea, Llanelli, Neath and Port Talbot.
It plays a mix of popular music and news.
Radio stations in the United Kingdom
Welsh culture
The Big Top 40 Show is a commercial record chart show broadcast on radio stations in the United Kingdom.
It is powered by the download company iTunes.
Hurricane Boris was a deadly storm.
It was the fourth cyclone of the 1996 Pacific hurricane season.
It formed on June 27.
During the night the depression became Tropical Storm Boris.
Shortly after this, Boris rapidly became stronger.
It became a hurricane.
Just as an eye started to form, Boris made landfall in Mexico.
It had the strongest winds of 85 mph (140 kn/h).
It quickly became weaker.
It ended on July 1.
Boris caused heavy flooding in southern Mexico.
Ten deaths were reported.
Boris came from a tropical wave that moved off Africa on June 8.
It passed near the Cape Verde Island with no convection.
It went across Central America on June 23.
The wave was very poorly defined on satellite images for many days.
The first signs of a circulation on satellite imagery appeared on the 26th.
It was about 250 miles south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec.
The system became a tropical depression on the 27th when convective banding increased around the center.
At its first advisory, it was noted that it got better organized.
At that time, there were tropical storm warnings for Mexico.
It was also noted the Aviation model forecast Tropical Depression Four-E to make landfall in Mexico as a weak tropical storm in 12 hours.
Around that time, the forecast track was issued by the National Hurricane Center late on June 27.
It said that it would receive an outflow from Hurricane Alma close by.
At the same time the Ukmet model had Tropical Depression Four-E remaining offshore Mexico.
The same model also had the depression becoming Tropical Storm Boris.
The National Hurricane Center forecasted Tropical Depression Four-E to become Tropical Storm Boris and make landfall in Mexico with winds of .
In the same advisory, it was noted that the outer rain bands of brand new Tropical Depression Four-E had moved onshore Mexico.
The tropical cyclone moved northwestward at 8 to 10 knots for the next two days.
It became stronger from 25 knots to 80 knots during a 36-hour period.
It had a ragged eye appearing on satellite imagery just before landfall on the afternoon of June 29.
It had a peak intensity of .
This made Boris a moderate Category 1 hurricane.
The center crossed the south coast of Mexico midway between Lazaro Cardenas and Acapulco.
Boris quickly became weaker.
It became a depression and turned southwestward in response to a building ridge to its north.
The system was disrupted by the mountainous terrain of Mexico and dissipated on the July 1 after moving back over water just south of Puerta Vallarta.
Preparations, impact, and aftermath
Hurricane Boris was, in general, a well-forecast storm.
Due to the short time when the system was at or above tropical storm intensity, long-range forecasts were not verified.
The average errors were  at one and a half days in the future.
As Hurricane Boris was approaching Mexico, a tropical storm watch was issued for the coast between Manzanillo and Puerto Escondido on June 28.
From Manzanillo to Puerto Maldonado, the tropical storm warning changed to a hurricane warning the same day.
Deaths and damage
Boris caused ten deaths.
Nearby, three other people drowned and five fishermen went missing.
Rain was heavy throughout the impacted region.
The highest totals were in Guerrero.
A total of 12.16 inches was recorded in Coyuca de Benítez.
The highest total was 14.98 in Paso de San Antonio, to the east of the point of landfall.
Those rains caused a flood of the San Jeronimo River, which left at least 5,000 people without a home.
Tecpan was badly hit by the storm.
It reported heavy damage.
This included many homes destroyed, at least one person was killed and the storm also flooded lobbies of hotels along the coast.
In Acapulco a child was killed when a roof collapsed.
Strong surf pushed fishing boats against a sea wall.
The storm blew down trees and business signs.
Streets were flooded to the level of hubcaps.
A total of about 10,000 people were left homeless.
At least 70 people were injured.
Approximately 12 boats sunk offshore.
1996 in North America
Henryk Szeryng (pronounce: SHERR-ing), (born Żelazowa Wola, Poland, 22 September 1918; died Kassel, 8 March 1988) was a Polish-born violinist who later became Mexican.
He is thought to be one of the greatest violinists of his time.
Szeryng was born in a very small village called Żelazowa Wola in Poland.
The famous composer Chopin had also been born in this village.
Henryk started to learn the piano from his mother when he was five.
When he was seven he changed to the violin.
His violin teacher was Maurice Frenkel who had been an assistant to the famous violin teacher Leopold Auer.
Four years later he went to Berlin to study with Carl Flesch who was a wonderful teacher for him.
Szerynk later said: “Everything I know about the violin I learned from him.
After three years he went to Paris to have lessons with Jacques Thibaud at the Paris Conservatory.
He got the first prize in 1937.
He also studied composition in Paris with Nadia Boulanger, and continued studying with her until 1939.
He gave his first solo performance on 6 January 1933 playing the Brahms Violin Concerto with the Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra.
Szeryng spoke seven languages fluently, so when World War II broke out he became an official interpreter for the Polish government which was based in exile in London.
He went with the prime minister to Mexico to find a home for refugees.
During the war he gave more than 300 concerts for Allied troops all over the world.
During one of these concerts in Mexico City he was given the job of being head of the string department of the university there.
Szeryng spent several years teaching the violin.
Then the pianist Artur Rubinstein told him he ought to perform again, so in 1954 he started to give concerts once more.
He spent the rest of his life touring all over the world playing the violin.
He made many recordings, and also played many works by Mexican composers, helping them to make their music better known.
He became Mexico’s special advisor at UNESCO in Paris.
He continued to spend some time teaching, especially in Mexico.
He owned several wonderful violins, some of which he gave away.
Szeryng is remembered for the beautiful tone that he made.
He had an amazing technique.
He always played very precisely in tune, even “bending” notes slightly to make his intonation very expressive.
He could get different qualities of sound by turning the bow slightly or by changing the speed of his vibrato.
He was able to play with great emotion in a very individual way.
Legendary Violinists
Mexican musicians
Polish musicians
Elin Maria Pernilla Nordegren Woods (born January 1, 1980) was a Swedish model and former wife of Tiger Woods.
Nordegren and Woods divorced in 2010.
Ivana Trump  (born Ivana Marie Zelníčková; (); February 20, 1949) is a Czech businesswoman, former Olympic skiier and model.
She is best known for her marriage to Donald Trump, which ended in divorce.
They had three children together, Donald Trump Jr, Ivanka Trump, and Eric Trump.
Czech businesspeople
It lived from 2.6 million years ago (mya) to about 50,000 years ago.
Fossils have been found in Europe and Asia.
This giant lived and grazed on the Eurasian steppes (grasslands).
Elasmotherium was a heavily-built quadruped that walked on four hoofed legs.
Its legs were longer than those of other rhinos and were adapted for galloping, giving it a horse-like gait.
It probably had a large horn on its forehead, but fossils of the horn have not been found.
The teeth were tall-crowned and were covered with cement and wrinkled enamel.
Its mouth at the front was a beak; there are no teeth in front of the molars.
The specimens of E. sibiricum are up to  in body length with shoulder heights over .
E. caucasicum was at least  in body length with an estimated mass of .
This is based on isolated molars which are larger than those of the Siberian species.
Both species were among the largest in the family Rhinocerotidae, comparable in size to the woolly mammoth and larger than the woolly rhinoceros.
The feet were unguligrade, the front larger than the rear, with 4 digits at the front and 3 at the rear.
Master of Science (usually abbreviated MSc) is a postgraduate degree.
It is awarded by universities.
Usually, it is awarded for studies in natural sciences or Engineering.
A Master of Science is usually awarded after a Bachelor of Science, and after presenting an academic thesis work.
It is required for many jobs especially in research.
It is usually required to start a doctorate.
There are some sciences that are used to study nature.
According to these sciences, the things that can be observed in nature follow certain rules.
These rules are often unknown, and natural sciences are about finding them.
They often use what is called the scientific method to do this.
Physics looks at how nature is made, and how different fields of nature relate to each other.
Chemistry is about the elements, their combinations, and their reactions.
Biology looks at living organisms, their development, and how they interact with each other.
Geology looks at how the earth developed and what it looks like.
Some sciences, like Mathematics, can help in all of the above.
They make it easier to talk about rules and models.
The natural sciences are used to make new things (applied science).
The natural sciences are guides to test new ideas.
They are used to solve engineering problems and technology problems.
Math helps the natural sciences to solve problems and make new things.
Computers do this too.
Computers and math are tools for the natural sciences.
Atmospheric science
Materials sciences
The Concentric zone model, or Burgess model is a model to explain how a settlement, such as a city, will grow.
It was developed by Ernest W. Burgess between 1925 and 1929.
Burgess looked at the growth of Chicago in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Many people moved to Chicago at that time.
The model was the first to explain why certain groups of people lived in certain areas of the city.
Burgess said that there were circles around the center of the city.
The circle a piece of land was in determined how it was used.
Burgess saw different zones, starting at the center:
The Central Business District - the center of the city
A zone of mixed use with both commercial buildings and residential ones.
Low-class residential homes; these were later called inner suburbs - housing is cheap, standard of living is low.
Higher-class residential zone; later called outer suburbs.
Better quality of life, more expensive to live there.
Commuter zone
Burgess saw that richer people tended to live farther away from the city center.
When the city grew, the city center would grow; the rings would also shift outwards.
It assumes that the city can grow in every direction; physical features often limit city growth, though.
Commuter villages cannot be explained with the model; they are far from the city, but often have cheap housing.
An equilibrium is a state of a system where all forces acting on the system is balanced.
A system that is in equilibrium does not change.
The word has been used for different concepts from different fields of study.
Hydrostatic equilibrium applies to liquids.
Thermal equilibrium means as much heat is entering and leaving something.
Homeostasis is a living thing keeping its internal balance.
Equilibrioception is how an animal stands upright.
Chemical equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium is an idea which describes the behavior of chemical reactions over time.
In reactions that have finished reacting and have attained equlibrium, the concentrations of the reactant and product chemicals do not change.
An example of an equilibrium reaction is as follows:
In the example above, the double arrow shows that the reaction is an equilibrium reaction.
This means that the forward reaction and the backward reaction can happen, usually due to a small enthalpy change in each reaction.
Hence, the amount of product chemicals to reactant chemicals remains a fixed value, and such a ratio is called the equilibrium constant (Kc).
The equilibrium constant is a ratio of the concentration of the products raised to the appropriate powers to the concentration of the reactants raised to the appropriate powers.
In the above example, the equilibrium constant is as follows:
For some reactions, the equilibrium constant is very large, in which case nearly all of the reactant chemical is turned into products, such as when paper is burned.
For other reactions, it is very small, which results in very little products being formed.
If the equilibrium constant is close to 1, a mixture of both products and reactants is expected at equilibrium.
When chemists talk about equilibrium constants, they call reactions with large K values favorable and reactions with small K values unfavorable.
It is important to note, however, these terms are not judgements about the value or usefulness of a particular chemical reaction.
In fact, some very important reactions are actually "unfavorable"; one such example is the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas (Haber process), which has a rather small equilibrium constant.
Understanding how chemical equilibriums work is important as it helps in understanding how a reaction happens.
It allows chemists to calculate how much products will be formed from a reaction.
The concept of Le Chatelier's principle is important in predicting how an equilibrium will change when different factors are changed in a system.
For example, using the Le Chatelier's principle, we are able to predict how the position of equilibrium will change when the concentration of a certain reactant/product has changed, as the system will try to counteract the change by favoring either the forward or the backward reaction
An exception to this rule is when an outside energy source forces the reaction to occur in the opposite direction, such as when a battery is recharged.
Knowing the equilibrium constant of a reaction also helps you to understand the flow of energy that occurs during the reaction (thermodynamics).
In Information technology, a packet is collection of data that can be used by computers which need to communicate with each other, usually as part of a  network.
Some computers and networks do not use packets to communicate.
But most currently do, including nearly all computers on the Internet.
Packets allow many computers on a  network to communicate more quickly and easily.
A packet consists of two kinds of data: packet information and packet data (or payload).
If you think of a packet like a letter in the mail, the control information is like the outside of the envelope.
There's an address that says where to send the letter, and a stamp that says how to send it (fast or slow).
Similarly, the computer uses the control information in the packet to decide where, and how, to send the data.
People aren't usually interested in the control information.
The user data is like the inside of the envelope.
It is the actual information the computer is trying to send.
This might be any kind of digital data, such as words, pictures, music, or computer programs.
It's generally for people or computers to use, but not for the packet system to use.
Different communication protocols put the control information and user information in different places, or make it look different.
But they still do the same thing.
Sometimes the computers make mistakes while transmitting data, or have trouble "hearing" each other.
So many packets use a checksum or cyclic redundancy check to make sure they have the right information.
This is usually one component of the control information.
This helps to make sure the packets themselves have the right information.
But then computers also need to get the right packets.
Designing computer networks can be difficult.
Even though today's computers are very advanced, sometimes information doesn't arrive where it's supposed to.
Sometimes computers try to fix this and end up sending it twice.
And sometimes the information doesn't arrive in the right order.
The Transmission Control Protocol, or TCP, was invented to fix these problems.
But since it is complex, some computers use the User Datagram Protocol, or UDP, instead.
It is not possible to do an exact measurement, but it is possible to say how accurate a measurement is.
One can measure the same thing again and again, and collect all the data together.
This allows us to do statistics on the data.
What is meant by errors and residuals is the difference between the observed or measured value and the real value, which is unknown.
If there is only one random variable, the difference between statistical errors and residuals is the difference between the mean of the population against the mean of the (observed) sample.
In that case the residual is the difference between what the probability distribution says, and what was actually measured.
Suppose there is an experiment to measure the height of 21-year-old men from a certain area.
The mean of the distribution is 1.75 m. If one man chosen at random is 1.80 m tall, the "(statistical) error" is 0.05 m (5 cm); if he is 1.70 tall, the error is −5 cm.
A residual (or fitting error), on the other hand, is an observable estimate of the unobservable statistical error.
The simplest case involves a random sample of n men whose heights are measured.
The sample mean is used as an estimate of the population mean.
Then we have:
The difference between the height of each man in the sample and the unobservable population mean is a statistical error, and
The difference between the height of each man in the sample and the observable sample mean is a residual.
The sum of the residuals within a random sample must be zero.
The residuals are therefore not independent.
The sum of the statistical errors within a random sample need not be zero; the statistical errors are independent random variables if the individuals are chosen from the population independently.
Residuals are observable; statistical errors are not.
Statistical errors are often independent of each other; residuals are not (at least in the simple situation described above, and in most others).
Generally speaking, a quartet is a group of four.
In music, a quartet is a group of four people playing or singing four different parts to make a piece of music, such as a string quartet or a barbershop quartet.
Bank and Monument are interlinked stations, officially one station known operationally as the "Bank-Monument complex".
However, separate names are used on station entrances, platforms and the tube map.
The complex spans the length of King William Street in the City of London.
Together they form the eighth busiest station on the network, being served by five London Underground lines and the Docklands Light Railway (DLR).
The two parts of the combined station take their names from the nearby Bank of England and the Monument to the Great Fire of London.
The complex is in Travelcard Zone 1.
Bus connections
London Buses routes  8, 11, 21, 23, 25, 26, 40, 43, 76, 133, 141, 242 and 388 and night bus routes N8, N11, N21, N26, N76, N133, N550 and N551 serve the station.
A diagram of the Bank/Monument station complex
Another diagram (in colour)
Bank Station  from the Open Guide to London
History of Bank station, including a picture just after the 1941 bomb
More photographs of Bank station
Packet (information technology), a formatted block of data carried by a packet mode computer network
Packet radio, a form of amateur radio data communications using the AX25 protocol
Packet (sea transport), a packet service is a regular scheduled service, carrying valuable freight and first class passengers
C-82 Packet, a U.S. military transport aircraft
Packet Newspapers - newspapers with the title including the word "Packet", after a place-name.
A small parcel e.g. Cigarette packet, Sugar packet
Barbican is a London Underground station serving the Barbican Centre in the City of London, England.
It is on the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines.
It is between Farringdon and Moorgate.
First Capital Connect trains used to stop at this station on their way to Moorgate station, but this stopped in March 2009.
The outbound service calling here was abandoned many years before.
Service patterns
Babican tube station on "All in London"
Map of the Tube
Barking station is a railway station served by National Rail, London Underground and London Overground services.
It is in Barking in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham in East London.
The station is in Zone 4 and is managed by c2c.
Station information from Transport for London
Station information from National Rail
Station information from c2c (broken link)
Barkingside tube station is a London Underground station on the Central Line.
It has been in Travelcard Zone 4 since 2 January 2007.