the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It became the main home of the ruling families of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
It was the centre of government for the 300 years that Tuscany was a monarchy.
Later the palace was used as a base by Napoleon.
During the Risorgimento, for a short time it was the royal palace of the newly united Italy.
The palace and its contents were given to the Italian people by King Victor Emmanuel III in 1919.
Its doors were opened to the public as one of Florence's largest art galleries.
It is the largest museum complex in Florence.
It is divided into several main galleries or museums: the Palatine Gallery, the Royal Apartments, the Gallery of Modern Art, the Silver Museum, the Porcelain Museum, the Costume Gallery and the Carriages Museum.
Behind the Pitti palace there is the Boboli's Garden.
It is a historical park visited every year by about 800,000 tourists.
The park is famous for the beauty of the flowers and for the very old sculptures.
B.B. King  (born Riley B. King; September 16, 1925 – May 14, 2015) was an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter.
Rolling Stone magazine said that King was the third "Greatest Guitarist of All Time" in 2003.
He was born in Indianola, Mississippi.
His father left the family and his mother was too poor to raise him, and so he came to his grandmother, Elnora Farr, in Kilmichael, Mississippi.
There he sang in the gospel choir at Elkhorn Baptist Church.
At the age of 15 he bought his first guitar.
His idols were T-Bone Walker, but also jazz musicians like Charlie Christian and Django Reinhrad.
1943 he left the town and worked as a tractor driver.
He performed on Sonny Boy Williamson's radio program on KWEM in West Memphis, Arkansas and reached a local audience with his sound.
For this reason he got appearances in the Sixteenth Avenue Grill in West Memphis and later, a ten-minute spot on the Memphis radio station WDIA.
This became so popular that it was expanded and became the "Sepia Swing Club."
During his work for the radio station he got his nickname "Beale Street Blues Boy" which was later shortened to B.B.
In 1949, King began recording songs for RPM Records from Los Angeles.
King formed his own band; the B.B. King Review, under the leadership of Millard Lee and went on tours.
In winter 1949 he played at a dance hall in Twist, Arkansas.
The hall was heated by burning barrels filled with kerosine.
During his performance two men started a fight knocking over one of them and the hall was burning.
Outside he learned that he had left his guitar and he ran inside to get it.
Next day he found out that the fight was started over a woman named Lucille.
Since that time he named the guitar "Lucille."
In the 1950´s B.B. King became one of the most important blues musicians.
He toured regularly.
In 1956 he gave 352 concerts.
Among his hits were "3 O'Clock Blues", "You Know I Love You," "Woke Up This Morning," "Please Love Me," "When My Heart Beats like a Hammer," "Whole Lotta Love," "You Upset Me Baby," "Every Day I Have the Blues", "Sneakin' Around," "Ten Long Years," "Bad Luck," "Sweet Little Angel", "On My Word of Honor," and "Please Accept My Love."
In the 1960 King lost importance for black listeners but could reach the white music fans.
A lot of white guitarist like Eric Clapton named him as influence.
King played at rock concerts and venues of the hippie culture like the Fillmore West.
He also reached #15 in the US-popcharts with his title "The Thrill Is Gone".
From the 1980s onward he had continued his career, appearing on numerous television shows and performing 300 nights a year.
The title "When Love Comes To Town", which he performed together with the rock band U2 introduced him to a younger audience.
B.B. King was married two times.
The marriages ended because of the burden of more than 200 concerts a year.
It is reported that he is father of 15 children.
He has lived with Type II diabetes for over twenty years and is a high-profile spokesman in the fight against the disease.
King died at the age of 89 in Las Vegas, Nevada on May 14, 2015 from complications of vascular dementia along with congestive heart failure and diabetic complications.
On May 30, 2015, King's funeral was held at the Bell Grove Missionary Baptist Church in Indianola, Mississippi.
He was buried at the museum.
TV and Film
B.B. King has made guest appearances in numerous popular television shows, including The Cosby Show, The Young and the Restless, General Hospital, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Sesame Street, Married... with Children, Sanford and Son, and Touched by an Angel.
He has also made a cameo in the movie Spies Like Us.
In the movie Blues Brothers 2000 he was the leader of The Louisiana Gator Boys, a bluessupergroup, which battles against the Blues Brothers.
B.B. King`s Blues Club
He is the owner of a chain of restaurants with concert venues in the United States.
The first was opened on Beale Street in Memphis 1991.
In 1980, he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.
In 1987, he was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.
In 1990, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.
In 1991, he was awarded the National Heritage Fellowship from the NEA.
King was awarded the Kennedy Center Honors in 1995.
This is given to recognize "the lifelong accomplishments and extraordinary talents of our nation's most prestigious artists."
In 2004, the Royal Swedish Academy of Music awarded him the Polar Music Prize for his "significant contributions to the blues".
On December 15, 2006, President George W. Bush awarded King the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
On May 27, 2007, King was awarded an honorary doctorate in music by Brown University.
On May 14, 2008, King was presented with the keys to the city of Utica, New York; and on May 18, 2008, the mayor of Portland, Maine, Edward Suslovic, declared the day "B.B. King Day" in the city.
Prior to King's performance at the Merrill Auditorium, Suslovic presented King with the keys to the city.
In 2009, Time named B.B. King #3 on its list of the 10 best electric guitarists of all time.
Each year during the first week in June, a B.B. King Homecoming Festival is held in Indianola, Mississippi.
A Mississippi Blues Trail marker was added for B.B. King, commemorating his birthplace.
On May 29, 2010, Sabrosa Park (at the small town of Sabrosa, north of Portugal) was renamed B.B. King Park in honor of King and the free concert he played before 20,000 people.
One category of the Blues Music Award of the Blues Music Foundation is called "B.B. King Entertainer of the Year "
King was given a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1987.
As of 2009, he has won 15 Grammy Awards, of which ten have been the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album :in 2009 (for One Kind Favor), 2005 (B. B. King & Friends: 80), 2003 (for A Christmas Celebration of Hope), 2001 (for Riding with the King), 2000 (for Blues on the Bayou), 1994 (for Blues Summit), 1992 (for Live at the Apollo), 1991 (for Live at San Quentin), 1986 (for My Guitar Sings the Blues) and 1984 (for Blues 'N' Jazz).
Live at the Regal (1965)
Blues Summit (1993) duets with Robert Cray, Buddy Guy, John Lee Hooker, Koko Taylor, Etta James, Lowell Fulson, Albert Collins, Ruth Brown, Irma Thomas, Joe Louis Walker
Let The Good Times Roll-The Music of Louis Jordan (1999)
Riding with the King (2001) with Eric Clapton
B.B. King & Joan Baez - Live at "Sing Sing" (2004)
Living Legend (2004)
Black Blues Experience (2004)
Sweet 16 (2004)
The Blues Sounds of B.B. King (2004)
In Concert (2003)
Live By Request (2003)
Live at Nicks (2002)
Live at Montreux 1993 (?)
B.B. King interview on Guitar.com
The Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica) is a large coniferous tree of the cedrus genus and is native to the Atlas Mountains of North Africa.
It is conical in shape when younger and is a more open shape when mature.
It grows to 40m in height.
The bark is silvery grey with deep cracks.
The leaves of the Atlas cedar are 2.5 cm long, pointed, usually 4 sided and dark green to glaucous blue in colour.
The female cones are 6–10 cm long, barrel-shaped, green when young, becoming brown as they mature.
Cedrus libani, the cedar of Lebanon or Lebanon cedar is a large coniferous tree of the cedrus genus, it is native to the eastern Mediterranean Sea from Lebanon to Turkey.
The tree grows to a maximum height of 40m and 10m wide, with a trunk of 2.5m covered in thick, scaly, black, grey-brown bark.
When young it is conical in shape but as it matures it becomes flatter on top and more open in structure.
The pointed, needle-shaped leaves are glaucous-blue to dark green in colour, 4 sided and about 2.5 cm long.
The female cones are a dullish green when young, maturing to brown, 6–10 cm long and barrel-shaped.
Erica Abi Wright (born February 26, 1971), better known by her stage name Erykah Badu (), is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress.
She rose to fame in 1997 when she released her critically well liked first album, Baduizm.
For this album she received two Grammy Awards.
Badu has won a total of four Grammy Awards out of nineteen nominations.
Her songs include parts from R&B, hip hop and jazz.
Badu is best known for her role in the rise of the neo soul sub-genre, and for her eccentric, creative musical stylings and sense of fashion.
She is known as the "Queen of Neo-Soul".
Baduizm (1997)
Mama's Gun (2000)
Worldwide Underground (2003)
New Amerykah Part One (4th World War) (2008)
New Amerykah Part Two (Return of the Ankh) (2010)
Live (1997)
Erykah Badu  – official website
Kara Louise Tointon (born 5 August 1983) is a British actress.
She was born and raised in Essex.
She is best known for her role from 2005-2009 as Dawn Swann in EastEnders.
She and Artem Chigvintsev won the 2010 series of Strictly Come Dancing.
Her younger sister Hannah is also an actress.
The ACF gives a lot of youth in the UK an ability to change their lives with the opportunieties it offers for the little money, they offer a lot of courses you can do on summer camps etc.
for example the Summer Mountain Foundation Course (SMF) this is a CCAT course which is very cheap for the cadets to do and a challenge for them as well, a lot of these courses can be used in the civilian lives where they can be put down on their CV's.
The Cantor set is a subset of real numbers with certain properties that are interesting to mathematicians.
These properties relate to topology, measurement, geometry, as well as set theory.
When represented geometrically, the set is a fractal, it has a Hausdorff dimension which is not an integer
It has the same cardinality as the set of real numbers
It is self-similar
The set is named after Georg Cantor.
Henry John Stephen Smith discovered it in 1875, and Cantor first described it in 1883.
The set is made by starting with a line segment and repeatedly removing the middle third.
The Cantor set is the (infinite) set of points left over.
The Cantor set is "more infinite" than the set of natural numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.).
This property is called uncountability.
It is related to the Smith–Volterra–Cantor set and the Menger Sponge.
The Cantor set is self-similar.
Smith–Volterra–Cantor set
Cantor dust
Cantor set at PRIME
is a Japanese military air field of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force.
The air field is north northwest of Kisarazu, Chiba Prefecture.
Private charter jets also use the airport
JGSDF Kisarazu is home to the JGSDF 1st Helicopter Brigade.
These forces are part of the Central Readiness Force.
In 1956, control of the base was officially transferred to the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF).
Some USAF units remained.
By the 1960s, the US only used Kisarazu to repair United States Navy jets stationed on aircraft carriers in the Pacific.
The US military units at this air field were withdrawn.
Titus Lucretius Carus (ca.
98 BC – ca.
55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher.
He is known for De rerum natura (in English:"On the Nature of the Universe").
It is an epic philosophical work about the beliefs of Epicureanism.
There are not any details about his life.
Saint Jerome tells of how he became insane because of a love potion and wrote his poetry in between fits of insanity.
Modern scholarship thinks this was just used to explain how he behaved.
The De rerum natura had a large affect on the Augustan poets, including Virgil and Horace.
The work were lost for a time.
It was later found in a monastery in Germany.
This work played an important part both in the development of atomism and in the efforts of many people of the Enlightenment era to build a new Christian humanism.
Robert Woodrow Wilson (born 10 January 1936) is an American Nobel Prize-winning astronomer.
He found part of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964.
He was working at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey on an antenna with Arno Penzias.
This antenna picked up any background 'noise' they could not get rid of.
Their findings were justified by others predictions.
Fourteen years later, they won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery.
Scientists from Houston, Texas
Philip Jaisohn (7 January 1864 – 5 January 1951) was a Korean doctor, surgeon, journalist, politician and educator.
His Korean name was Seo Jae-pil ().
It was anglicized.
His nicknames were Songjae (송재; 松齋), Ssanggyeong (쌍경; 雙慶) and his Chinese style name was Yun Kyung (윤경;允卿).
His other name was Philip Jason, a penname was N. S. Osia.
Revolusion movements
Seo Jae-Pil (Jaisohn's original name) was born as the second son of a local magistrate, and was raised by one of his relatives in Seoul.
When Seo Jae-Pil was a teenager, he already imbued modern political ideas in association with reformist leader Kim Okgyun.
He passed the civil service exam at the age of 18, one of the youngest persons to ever pass this exam, and became a junior officer in 1882.
In the following year, he was sent to Japan where he studied both at the Keio Gijuku (the forerunner of the Keio University) and the Toyama Army Academy.
In 1884, Seo Jae-Pil, following Kim Okgyun, was involved in the Kapsin Coup, a radical attempt to overturn the old regime and establish equality among people.
He was appointed the Vice-Minister of Defense.
The coup was aborted in three days, as China intervened by sending military troops.
Convicted of treason, Seo Jae-Pil lost his whole family and had to flee Korea to save his life.
Escape to America
In the United States, Seo Jae-Pil attended the Harry Hillman Academy (Wilkes-Barre, PA) thanks to the help of John Welles Hollenback.
He began to use the name "Philip Jaisohn" at that time.
In 1890, he became the first Korean-American to acquire United States citizenship.
He studied medicine at George Washington University, and was the first Korean to receive an American medical degree in 1892.
Sowing the Ideals of Independence and Democracy
In 1894, Japan defeated China in the war which occurred in the Korean Peninsula, and Korean cabinet was filled with reformists.
Along with these political changes, the treason of the Kapsin Coup were pardoned enabling Jaisohn's return (1895).
In Korea, he endeavored to politically educate people.
Most of all, Jaisohn published a newspaper, The Independent (독립신문), to transform Korean people into an informed citizenry.
He for the first time started to print his newspaper entirely in Korean language!Asian to extend readership to lower classes and women.
He promoted national independence as the principal political ideal and emphasized neutral diplomatic approaches to protect Korea from China, Russia and Japan.
He also underscored the importance of public education, modernized industry and public hygienes.
The Independence was particularly critical of misconducts of government officials, which brought wide reactions from the conservatives.
Under the aegis of the Independence Club, Jaisohn organized the All People's Congress, an open public forum to debate over political issues.
The Congress was hailed by young reformers and began to establish nationwide chapters.
In 1898, conservatives accused Jaisohn and the Club of seeking to replace the monarchy with a republic, and the Korean government requested Jaisohn to return to the US.
After his return, Korean government ordered the club to disband and arrested 17 leaders including Rhee Syngman.
Freedom for Korea
In the United States, Jaisohn conducted medical research at the University of Pennsylvania and later became a successful printer and stationer in Philadelphia.
As he heard the news of the March First Movement (1919), a nationwide protest against ruthless Japanese rule in Korea, Jaisohn convened the First Korean Congress which was held in Philadelphia for three days.
After the Congress, Jaisohn devoted his energies and private properties for the freedom of Korea.
He organized the League of Friends of Korea in 26 cities with the help of Rev. Floyd Tomkins, and established the Korean Information Bureau and published a political journal Korea Review to inform the American public of Korean situations and to persuade the US government to support the freedom for Koreans.
Five years later (1924), Jaisohn went legally bankrupt due to his political engagement and had to resume medical profession to make a living.
At age 62, he became a student again at the University of Pennsylvania to renew his medical knowledge.
Since then, he published five research articles in the medical journals specialized in pathology.
During World War II, he volunteered as a physical examination officer with the belief that the victory of the U.S. would bring freedom to Korea.
Last days in Korea
Jaisohn returned to Korea once again after Japan's defeat in the World War II.
The U.S. Military Government which was in control of  the southern part of Korea invited him to serve as the chief advisor.
As the date of the first presidential election was confirmed by the United Nations, Jaisohn was petitioned to run for presidency by 3,000 people including young Kim Dae Jung, but he refused in the end.
Jaisohn felt that political unity was needed for a new nation despite his uneasy relationship with the president elect Syngman Rhee.
He decided to return to the United States in 1948 and died in 1951 during the Korean War.
My Days in Korea and other Essays
My compatriots in the homeland (고국에 계신 동포에게)
Yun Bo-seon
Kim Kyu-sik
Philip Jaisohn Memorial museum
(20) Seo Jae-pil: pioneering reformer, independence fighter koreatimes 2011.12.28
Arirang - Interactive History of Korean Americans
My Days in Korea & Other Essays by Philip Jaisohn, MD, edited by Sun-pyo Hong, published by Yonsei University Press, 1999.
Seo Jae-pil, Pioneer of Enlightenment for Independence  KBS
Seo Jae-pil, a Korean intellectual and activist koreatimes 2010.08.12
Jaisohn Was Champion for Korean Independence
THE FIRST KOREAN-AMERICAN  Groove, February 19th, 2013
South Korean writers
| name               = Sir Bruce Forsyth
| post-nominals      = CBE
| image              = Bruce Forsyth1 (cropped).jpg
| imagesize          = 220px
| caption            = Bruce Forsyth in 2006
| birth_name         = Bruce Joseph Forsyth-Johnson
| birth_place        = Edmonton, Middlesex, England, UK
| death_date         = 18 August 2017 (age 89)
| death_place        = Wentworth Estate, Surrey, England, UK
| death_cause        =
| other_names        = Brucie, Brucey, Bruce Johnson, Bruce Forsyth Johnson, Boy Bruce, the Mighty Atom, Mr Entertainment, Sir Brucie, Sir Brucey| occupation         = Television presenter, Game show host, Comedian, Dancer, Singer
| years_active       = 1939–2014
| spouse             = Penny Calvert (1953–1973, divorced)Anthea Redfern (1973–1979, divorced)Wilnelia Merced (1983–2017)
| children           = 5 daughters, 1 son
Sir Bruce Joseph Forsyth-Johnson CBE (22 February 1928 – 18 August 2017) was an English television personality, actor and dancer.
He has presented Sunday Night at the London Palladium, Play Your Cards Right, The Generation Game, You Bet?
and The Price Is Right.
He presented Strictly Come Dancing from 2004 to 2013.
Forsyth was born in Edmonton, Middlesex.
He was educated at The Latymer School.
In 2008 he was awarded the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award.
He received a Royal Television Society Lifetime Achievement Award on 17 March 2009.
On 26 January 2011 he received the National Television Awards special recognition award.
From 1953 to 1973, Forsyth was married to Penny Calvert.
They had three daughters: Debbie, Julie and Laura.
According to his autobiography, he dated Miss World 1964 Ann Sidney during her reign.
In a 2009 interview, Kathy Kirby said she was Forsyth's lover and that he proposed marriage.
From 1973 to 1979, he was married to Anthea Redfern, who was the hostess on The Generation Game''.
They had two daughters: Charlotte and Louisa.
He fell in love with his fellow judge, Wilnelia Merced, at the 1980 Miss World competition.
They married in 1983, and had one son together, Jonathan Joseph Forsyth Johnson (born 1987).
By his six children, he had eight grandchildren and three great-grandchildren.
London Heliport  at Battersea, London is the capital's main and busiest heliport.
It is on the south bank of the River Thames, 3 nautical miles (3.5 miles or 5.6 km) southwest of Westminster Bridge and the Palace of Westminster.
It is on a jetty between Wandsworth Bridge and Battersea Railway Bridge.
The nearest railway station is Clapham Junction, and the nearest tube station is Fulham Broadway.
The heliport, once owned by Westland and then Harrods, is a very small site.
It uses a concrete surface on a jetty as a helipad for take-off and landing.
There is onshore parking for between three and four aircraft, usually just the smaller helicopters.
The heliport has landing, parking and refuelling services between 08:00 and 21:00.
Flights are permitted between 07:00 and 23:00.
In 2012 it was bought by the Reuben Brothers, for £35 million.
In 2016, the heliport's official name became the NetJets London Heliport, after the private jet company signed a branding deal with the owners.
The nearest main line railway station is  and the nearest London Underground station is .
Bioleaching is getting metals from their ores by using living organisms.
This is much cleaner than the traditional method using cyanide.
Bioleaching is one of several methods used to recover copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, antimony, nickel, molybdenum, gold, silver, and cobalt.
Bioleaching uses certain types of bacteria to produce a solution called a "leachate".
By leaving these bacteria with a low-grade metal ore, they can produce leachates which have a compound of that metal.
Because this is in a solution it can be used in electrolysis to make the pure metal.
This only produces small amounts each time, and is repeated to make it economically viable.
Francesco Guicciardini (March 6, 1483 – May 22, 1540) was an Italian historian and statesman.
He is considered one of the major political writers of the Italian Renaissance and the Father of Modern History.
He was a friend and critic of Niccolò Machiavelli.
His family was illustrious and noble; after the usual education of a boy in grammar and elementary classical studies, his father, Piero, sent him to the universities of Ferrara and Padua, where he stayed until the year 1505.
In 1512, he went to the court of the King of Aragon, Ferdinand the Catholic as ambassador.
Storie fiorentine (1508–1510)
Diario di Spagna (1512)
Discorso di Logrogno ("Discourse of Logrogno"; 1512)
Relazione di Spagna (1514)
Consolatoria (1527)
Oratio accusatoria (1527)
Oratio defensoria (1527)
Del reggimento di Firenze or Dialogo e discorsi del reggimento di Firenze ("Dialogue on Florentine Government" or "Dialogue on the Government of Florence"; 1527)
Considerazioni intorno ai "Discorsi" del Machiavelli sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio ("Observations on Machiavelli's Discourses"; 1528, or possibly 1530)
Ricordi or Ricordi politici (as the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica refers to it) or Ricordi civili e politici (the name given by Giuseppe Canestrini when he first published (1512-1530)
Le cose fiorentine (second "History of Florence"; 1528–1531)
Storia d'Italia ("History of Italy"; 1537–1540)
The Cyprus cedar (Cedrus brevifolia) is a large coniferous member of the cedrus genus and is native to Cyprus where it grows in the Troödos Mountains.
It is thought by some experts to be either a variety or a subspecies of the Cedar of Lebanon.
It grows to 25m in height and up to 12m in width.
When young it has a conical shape but as it matures it becomes broader with a flattened top.
It has bark that is silvery-grey, becoming thickened, with deep cracks as the tree ages.
The needle-shaped leaves are grey-green to mid-green, but sometimes bluish-green and they are attached singly to long shoots and in dense cluster of 20-30 on short shoots.
The cones are cylindrical, 7–10 cm long and green when young but maturing to a pale brown when they shed their scales and winged seeds.
Glaucous is a colour that is bluish-green or bluish-grey.
In botany it refers to a pale bluish waxy or powdery layer on a surface such as a leaf or a fruit.
In birds it refers to a pale bluish grey colour of the feathers, legs or some other part of the bird.
Glaucous appears in the name of some plants and birds.
For example, - Glaucous Gull, (Larus glaucescens) or Glaucous Macaw, (Anodorhynchus glaucus).
In botany there is the Glaucous Sedge, (Carex flacca) and the Glaucous Michelmas Daisy, (Symphyotrichum laeve).
Often grapes, plums and other fruit have a glaucous waxy or powdery layer on the surface of their skin.
That layer protects the fruit from water.
It can be easily rubbed off.
Sir Cliff Richard  (born Harry Rodger Webb; 14 October 1940) is a British singer, musician and actor.
He is the only male solo artist to have had number one singles in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.
His most recent album, Music... The Air That I Breathe was released in 2020.
Richard was born in Lucknow, India.
In 1948, he and his British parents moved from India to England, first moving to Carshalton, Surrey, then to Waltham Cross, followed by Cheshunt, both in Hertfordshire.
Richard began his music career in 1958 and is still performing.
His name Richard comes from Little Richard.
His backing group are The Shadows.
He performed the United Kingdom entry at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1968 and in 1973.
In 1980 Richard was given an OBE.
In 1995, he became a Knight.
This means that he has a 'Sir' in front of his name.
A person is given a Knighthood by The Queen.
Between 1960 and 1963 Richard presented The Cliff Richard Show.
In 2008 a book that he wrote about his life so far, My Life My Way was published.
It was also released as an audiobook.
In August 2013, Richard's Berkshire home was searched by police over a claim of sexual assault on a boy aged under 16 in 1985.
He was not arrested or charged.
Guido Cavalcanti (1259 – August 1300) was an Italian poet from Florence.
He was the best friend of Dante Alighieri as well as an influence on his thinking.
Cavalcanti is one of the most important poets of Dolce stil novo, and he is widely regarded as the first major poet of Italian literature.
Cavalcanti was born into a noble Guelph family; his father was Cavalcante de Cavalcanti.
In 1267 he got married to Bice, daughter of Farinata degli Uberti, leader of the Florentine Ghibellines.
In 1284 he became a member of the general council, together with Brunetto Latini and Dino Compagni.
On June 24 1300 he was exiled, so he went to Sarzana.
On August 19 of the same year he could return in Florence, but he died after a few days, on August 29.
Guido Cavalcanti wrote sonnets and ballads.
Only fifty two poems by the poet are known today.
Hist best works are the canzone Donna mi prega (A lady asks me), the ballad I' prego voi che di dolor parlate (I ask you that speak about suffering) and the sonnet L’anima mia vilment’ è sbigotita (My soul is in distress).
Sonnets and Ballate of Guido Cavalcanti with translations of them and an Introduction by Ezra Pound, Stephen Swift and Co. Ltd., London 1912.
Guido Cavalcanti's poems translated by A. S. Kline.
1259 births
1300 deaths
is a United States Air Force base in Japan.
During the invasion of Okinawa in 1945, the airport was bombed by the US.
The damage was repaired and it became a US air base.
was an old province in the area that is today the central part of Shizuoka Prefecture.
Suruga had borders with Izu, Kai, Sagami, Shinano, and Tōtōmi provinces.
The province had access to the Pacific Ocean at Suruga Bay.
Suruga was one of the original provinces of Japan.
It was established in the Nara period as part of the Taihō Code reforms.
The road passed through Suruga.
Tokugawa Ieyasu lived in Sumpu Castle in Suruga when he retired from the role of Shōgun.
He died at Sunpu.
During the Edo period, the chief shogunate official in Sumpu was the Sunpu jōdai.
Being located near Mt. Fuji made Suruga a popular place to make maps during the Meiji period.
Sengen jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Suruga.
View of Entire Suruga Region
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is a 2012 epic fantasy and adventure movie.
It is the first part of the Hobbit trilogy.
Bilbo Baggins gets a request from Gandalf to go on a journey.
Later that night, a group of dwarves visited Bilbo's house.
Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins
Richard Armitage as Thorin
Ken Stott as Balin
Graham McTavish as Dwalin
William Kircher as Bifur/Tom Troll
James Nesbit as Bofur
Stephen Hunter as Bombur
Dean O'Gorman as Fili
Aidan Turner as Kili
John Callen as Oin
Peter Hambleton as Gloin/William Troll
Jed Brophy as Nori
Mark Hadlow as Dori/Bert Troll
Adam Brown as Ori
Ian Holm as Old Bilbo
Andy Serkis as Gollum
Sylvester McCoy as Radagast
Barry Humphries as Great Goblin
Jeffrey Thomas as Thror
Mike Mizrahi as Thrain
Lee Pace as Thranduil
Manu Bennett as Azog
Conan Stevens as Bolg
John Rawls as Yazneg
Stephen Ure as Fimbul/Grinnah
Bret McKenzie as Lindir
Kiran Shah as Goblin Scribe
Benedict Cumberbatch as Necromancer
Jarred Blakiston as Musical Elf
Andrew Fitzsimons as Elf
Brendan Casey as Thranduil's Lieutenant
Cameron Jones as Thranduil's Lieutenant
The Hobbit is a three-part fantasy movie.
These parts are The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012), The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014).
The movies are based on J. R. R. Tolkien's book The Hobbit.
Richard Armitage as Thorin Oakenshield
Aidan Turner as Kíli
Dean O'Gorman as Fíli
John Callen as Óin
Peter Hambleton as Glóin
William Kircher as Bifur
James Nesbitt as Bofur
Mark Hadlow as Dori
Billy Connolly as Dain
Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug and Necromancer
Evangeline Lily as Tauriel
Stephen Fry as Master of Lake-town
Ryan Gage as Alfrid
Luke Evans as Bard the Bowman
John Bell as Bain
Peggy Nesbitt as Sigrid
Mary Nesbitt as Tilda
Ian Holm as old Bilbo Baggins
Mikael Persbrandt as Beorn
Antony Sher as Thrain
Barry Humphries as the Great Goblin
Conan Stevens, Lawrence Makoare and John Tui as Bolg
Stephen Ure as Fimbul
Ben Mitchell as Narzug
Allan Smith as Ragash
Branden Casey and Cameron Jones as Thranduil's Lieutenant
Craig Hall as Galion
Robin Kerr as Elros
Eli Kent as Lethuin
Simon London as Feren
In botany, variety is a rank (like species or subspecies) or a taxon in that rank.
Like a subspecies, a variety gets a three-part name (a trinomial); such a variety name will include the name of the species and the variety epithet.
The term "variety" is often shortened to "var."
Some examples of this use are:
Acer palmatum var.
atropupureum (Purple Japanese maple)
Abies lasiocarpa var.
arizonica (Corkbark fir)
Hosta undulata var.
undulata (Plantain lily)
A variety is a plant that is different in some way, and continues to be different, from the rest of the species but is not different enough for it to be classified as a new species or as a sub-species.
This difference will usually be bigger than those of a form; a form will have one or more small differences, for example, different coloured flowers, lack of thorns, variegation or different coloured leaves.
These variations come about by natural evolutionary process to which most plants are subject.
However, a taxonomist can use his own judgement as to at what rank he wants to recognize a different plant.
What one taxonomist will call a variety, another will call just a form, or will decide not to recognize as being distinct.
Not to be confused
A variety is not to be confused with a cultivar, which is something else entirely.
The name of a cultivar can be recognized because it includes an epithet that is written with initial capital letters, in a different font and is set in single quote marks as shown in these examples:
Helleborus foetidus 'Wester Flisk'
Fuchsia magellanica 'Riccartoni'
Dryopteris affinis 'Crispa Congesta'
Boris Fyodorovich Godunov (,  c. 1551 – ) was a famous tsar (emperor) of Russia.
He ruled as a regent from about 1585 to 1598 and then as tsar from 1598 to 1605.
In many ways he was a good tsar, but he had not inherited the throne.
He became more and more anxious that a pretender would come who would claim to be Dmitri, the son of the previous tsar, Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) and try to get the throne.
Dmitri had actually been murdered.
The story of Boris Godunov is told in Pushkin’s play Boris Godunov and in Mussorgsky’s opera Boris Godunov, but the story told by Pushkin and Mussorgsky is probably not exactly how it really happened.
Both Pushkin and Mussorgsky had read a book on Russian history written by the court historian Karamzin, written in 1803.
Karamzin describes Godunov as a powerful tsar who was also a weak human being, but he changed some historical facts to fit in with this theory.
From childhood to Tsardom
Boris came from a boyar family (i.e. they belonged to the nobility).
His parents were dead and he was brought up at the court of the Tsar in Moscow.
The Tsar who ruled was Ivan IV, known as  Ivan the Terrible who really was a very cruel ruler.
He ruled for more than 50 years.
Boris was very close to the royal family.
One of the Tsar’s sons, Fyodor, who was not very intelligent.
He married Irina, the sister of Boris.
The Tsar killed his eldest son.
When the Tsar died he had a son Dmitry who was only two years old.
Dmitri was not allowed to become tsar, because he was the son of Ivan’s 7th marriage, and the rules of the Russian Orthodox Church were that no one should be allowed to marry more than three times (of course, no one had dared to try to stop Ivan from all those marriages).
So Fyodor became Tsar Fyodor I.  He was not bright enough to rule himself.
We would probably say that he was mentally disabled, or that he had “learning difficulties”.
Boris therefore became regent: he ruled for him.
Some boyars were against Boris, but Boris somehow managed to silence them.
In some ways Boris did a good job.
He made Russia a safer place, fighting back the Tatars in the south and making strong contacts with Europe.
He built towns and fortresses, made sure that Western Siberia was firmly under Moscow’s control, and made the head of the Muscovite Church a patriarch.
In 1598 Fyodor died and Irina should have become Tsarina, but she refused and went to live in a convent.
The boyars voted for Boris to become Tsar.
Boris as Tsar
At first everything went well, but in 1601-1603 the harvest was bad and many poor people starved.
The people became angry with the Tsar, because he had made very strict rules which took away the rights of the serfs (most of the poor people were serfs).
There were still several royal families in Russia.
They started to plot against Boris because they saw him as a threat to themselves.
Boris got lots of spies to watch these families.
He accused the families of treason and sent some of them to Siberia or to monasteries in the north or Russia.
One of these families were the Romanovs who were later to produce a long line of tsars.
While this crisis was happening a young man called Grigory Otrepev arrived.
He was a pretender.
He said that he was Dmitry, Ivan’s youngest son who had been murdered in 1591.
At the time people had said that it was an accident, caused by the boy’s epilepsy.
But some people thought that Boris had murdered him (or ordered him to be murdered) so that he himself could become Tsar.
The pretender said that he had actually escaped from the people who were trying to murder him.
The pretender got lots of people on his side, including Poles and Cossacks.
He marched towards Moscow.
Boris’s armies tried to stop them, but then Boris died suddenly.
Dmitri (as he called himself) was able to march into Moscow and (falsely) claim the throne.
A period of chaos followed in Russia with many deaths and changes of rulers.
This lasted until Micael Romanov was chosen as Tsar in 1613.
What may have happened to the Tsarevich in 1591
It is now thought that the Romanov family made up evidence to make things looks as if Boris Godunov had been guilty of the murder of Ivan’s son.
Karamzin, who later wrote a history of Russia, made it look as if it were true that Boris had murdered him.
When Pushkin wrote his play Boris Godunov he followed Karamzin’s version of the story and this is also the story as told in Mussorgsky’s opera Boris Godunov.
Background references
The Encyclopædia Britannica; 15th edition,1986, vol 5 p. 326
Orlando Figes: “Natasha’s Dance - A Cultural History of Russia -
Kinds of iced tea
Sometimes, sugar is added to iced tea.
This is sometimes called "sweet tea".
Sometimes, fruit flavors like lemon, peach, or raspberry are added to the tea.
Walter "Walt" Whitman (May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist and journalist.
He was an important American poet of the 19th century.
His most famous collection of poems is Leaves of Grass, which was first published in 1855 with his own money.
The work was an attempt at reaching out to the common person.
Whitman kept adding to this book right up until he died of pneumonia, in 1892.
It was controversial because readers thought it was obscene.
It included some sexuality.
Whitman was either bisexual or homosexual.
However, there is disagreement about whether Whitman had actual sexual experiences with men.
Whitman was deeply influenced by deism.
He denied any one faith was more important than another, and embraced all religions equally.
Whitman first tried writing in many different popular genres.
In 1850, he began writing Leaves of Grass, a collection of poetry which he would continue working on until his death.
Whitman wanted to write an epic that was clearly American, using free verse.
At the end of June 1855, Whitman surprised his brothers with the first copies of Leaves of Grass.
His brother George "didn't think it worth reading".
Whitman paid for the publication of the first version of Leaves of Grass himself and had it printed at a local print shop.
A total of 795 copies were printed.
The first page was an image of Whitman, but he doesn't write his name until 500 lines into the body of the text.
Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote a kind five-page letter to Whitman and praised the book to friends.
The first edition of Leaves of Grass was very popular, but was some people didn't like the "obscene" or offensive parts of the poetry.
In the months after the first edition of Leaves of Grass, people became more upset about the sexual themes.
Because of this, the publisher almost did not release the second edition.
In 1856, 20 new poems were added.
Different versions of Leaves of Grass continued to be published throughout the rest of Whitman's life.
Many famous writers like Amos Bronson Alcott and Henry David Thoreau liked the work enough to visit Whitman.
A boyar was a member of the ruling nobility in medieval Russia and some other Slavic countries such as Bulgaria.
The boyars held the most important jobs in the army.
They met in a group called the duma and gave advice to the ruling prince or, in later times, the tsar.
In the 13th and 14th centuries they were rich landowners who could advise the prince, but they were free to go and work for another prince if they wanted to.
In Moscow from the 15th to the 17th centuries they were a closely bonded aristocracy.
There were about 200 boyar families.
Their ancestors were former princes, or Moscow boyar families or foreign aristocrats.
They were not nobility in the European sense.
Many of them had bad manners and not many of them could read.
They did not travel, and they were suspicious of anything foreign
In the 17th century they started to lose power.
In the early 18th century Tsar Peter the Great abolished the title of boyar.
A pretender is someone who says that he or she has the right to be ruler.
The word is often used to describe someone who claims that they have the right to be king, queen, emperor etc.
They claim that the ruler who is on the throne should not be there.
Sometimes people call such a person a "claimant".
The person may be an imposter (someone who is pretending to be someone else).
Often they are pretending to be a prince or other royal person who is missing or whom people think is dead.
However, they may have a genuine right to the throne.
The word pretend comes from the French word prétendre (from the Latin praetendo lit. "
to stretch out before").
It means: to profess, to make a loud statement.
In modern English the word pretend  means "to claim falsely".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is usually described as an orbit inside the area which comes from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of .
Other definitions use other numbers such as orbital eccentricity and orbital period.
Satellites in LEO go around the Earth many times per day.
Satellites are put in low Earth orbit if the things they do must be done in outer space but need not be far away.
Some satellites are in LEO to photograph the Earth, for example some weather satellites and Earth resource satellites.
Most space telescopes are in LEO since they only have to be above the Earth's atmosphere.
The International Space Station is in LEO.
The Bornu Empire (1380-1893) was an African state of Nigeria from 1380 to 1893.
1380 establishments
1893 disestablishments
was an old province of Japan in the area of Shizuoka Prefecture.
In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between Kyoto and Edo.
The road passed through Tōtōmi.
Oguni jinja and Kotonomamahachimangū were the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) of Tōtōmi.
Altitude means height above the ground or above the sea level.
Common uses include aviation (flying, parachuting, gliding), and geography/surveying.
In geometry it is also used as the height of the object itself.
Generally, altitude is the distance one thing is above another thing.
This is in the vertical or "up" direction.
For the height of the ground (such as for hills and mountains), the word elevation is also used and might be a better choice. (
Mountain climbers usually use the word altitude, especially when talking about how it affects the body).
Buildings and other things on the ground usually just use the word height.
Altitude in aviation and in spaceflight
In aviation, the altitude can be measured and shown in several different ways.
The height is either from the average sea level  (also called Mean Sea Level or MSL), or from the ground (also called Above Ground Level, or AGL).
Airplanes can find their altitude by using air pressure.
The air gets thinner the higher it is (and it has less pressure, because there's less air pushing down on it from above).
This pressure can be measured and this can be converted into a height above sea level.
The instrument for measuring altitude is the altimeter (from altitude and meter).
The common pressure altimeter is a type of barometer with a dial showing distance (feet or metres) instead of atmospheric pressure.
Indicated altitude -- What the altimeter indicates (shows) for the height above sea level.
It is usually pretty good, but can be fooled a bit sometimes, it needs to be adjusted to use the local barometric pressure.
True altitude -- Altitude as the distance above sea level.
Absolute altitude -- Altitude as the distance above the terrain (the ground) directly below it (Above Ground Level).
Height -- Altitude in terms of the distance above some point.
This can also be called the terrain elevation.
Radio altimeters measure this height.
Pressure altitude -- Altitude measured using air pressure.
The air pressure at sea level is normally 1013.25 millibars or 29.92" Hg, when the air temperature is .
Pressure altitude and indicated altitude are the same when the altimeter is adjusted to use this standard level.
Density altitude -- Altitude measured using the density of the air.
This depends on  atmospheric conditions (mainly heat and humidity).
There is an International Standard Atmosphere chart that converts density to altitude.
The density of the air also affects how well an aircraft works.
Density altitude is affected by barometric pressure, humidity and temperature.
On a very hot day, density altitude at an airport (especially one at a high elevation) may be so high that aircraft can not take-off.
This most often affects helicopters or an aircraft that is carrying a large amount of cargo.
Regions in the atmosphere
The Earth's atmosphere is divided into several regions, based on altitude.
The regions have different temperatures and winds and what things are in it.
Troposphere — surface to  at the north and south Poles –  at the equator.
Stratosphere — Troposphere to
Mesosphere — Stratosphere to
Thermosphere — Mesosphere to
Exosphere — Thermosphere to
High altitude and low air pressure
Regions on the surface of the Earth or in its atmosphere that are high above mean sea level are said to be high altitude.
High altitude is often said to begin at  above sea level.
At high altitude, atmospheric pressure is lower than that at sea level.
This is because of two effects.
These effects are gravity and the heat in the air.
Gravity makes the air to be as close as possible to the ground.
The amount of heat in the air makes the molecules move quickly and push against each other.
This makes the air expand.
So most of the air will be in the lower atmosphere, closer to sea level, and all the air pushing against each other is called air pressure.
So air pressure is less the higher you go.
As the air expands from heat, it rises to where the air pressure is less.
As it rises, it can expand and it begins to cool.
Because of this, high altitude air is cold.
This causes an alpine climate.
This climate affects the ecology at high altitude.
Effects of high altitude on humans
Altitudes above  start to affect humans.
Humans cannot live in very high altitudes above .
Atmospheric pressure decreases at high altitudes.
This affects humans because there is less oxygen to breathe.
This can cause illnesses such as altitude sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs), and high altitude cerebral edema (fluid in the brain, causing headaches and confusion).
The human body can deal with high altitude by breathing faster, having a higher heart rate, and changing the blood itself to have more red blood cells that can carry oxygen.
This can take days or weeks to happen.
This works for people who live in the high mountains, and mountain climbers.
For climbers, this is called acclimatization.
Pilots and other people who go quickly to high altitudes need to be in a space suit, pressure suit, or inside a pressurized airplane, so the air is still the same as at the ground.
Above , the human body cannot make the needed changes and will eventually die.
Several of the world's tallest mountains are this high, the climbers usually take oxygen tanks with them, and only stay for a few hours at the highest levels.
People living at higher elevations have a higher rate of suicide.
The reason is not yet known.
Downloadable ETOPO2 Raw Data Database (2 minute grid)
Downloadable ETOPO5 Raw Data Database (5 minute grid)
Calculate true altitude with these JavaScript applications
Find the altitude of any place
In the airline industry, a focus city is an airport that is important to one airline but is not a hub.
An airline has daily flights from the Focus city to many destinations that are also not its hubs.
Even though the word "city" is part of this term, it means a city's airport, not the city.
An example of an airline's focus city is US Airways (now part of American Airlines) at Washington National Airport in Arlington, Virginia.
Focus city airports can have some of the same facilities that hubs have.
For example, the airline may repair or clean their aircraft at a focus city because it is cheaper.
They might also have places and equipment to handle cargo.
Many low-cost carriers that mostly fly point-to-point use focus cities more than hubs.