the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The marshes also had many different animals in them such as the Eel, which the city is named after.
Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in Britain.
It is protected from coastal wind from the east.
It gets an average of 24 inches (600mm) of rain per year.
Because of this, Cambridgeshire is warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter.
Tube sound (or valve sound) is the sound produced by a vacuum tube-based audio amplifier.
All amplifiers distort to some degree; some audiophiles prefer the sound produced by tube amplifiers.
The reasons for the difference in sound between tube and solid state electronic devices is a continuing debate among audiophiles.
Hamm, Russell O. Tubes Vs.
Transistors: Is There An Audible Difference?
in Journal of The Audio Engineering Society, presented September 14, 1972, at the 43rd Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, New York.
Rosenberg, Harvey (2004).
Understanding Tube Electronics II .
Santo, Brian.
Volume cranked up in amp debate in Electronic Engineering Times, Issue 817, October 3, 1994.
Derby is the county town of Derbyshire.
Derby, Tasmania
Derby, Western Australia
Derby, South Africa
Derby Road railway station, Ipswich, England
West Derby, Liverpool, England
Derby, Colorado
Derby, New York
Derby, Vermont
Derby Line, Vermont
Derby County F.C., a football club currently playing in the Premier League
Derby (horse race), a race usually restricted to three year old horses
German Derby
New Zealand Derby
Victoria Derby
Local derby, a game between two neighbouring teams
Demolition derby
Bike derby
Fishing derby
Apache Derby, a Java relational database management system from Apache Software Foundation (ASF)
Earl of Derby, a title in the peerage of England
Derby hat, another name for a bowler hat
Derby shoe
Derby cigarettes, a brand of cigarettes sold in some parts of Latin America
Royal Crown Derby, a pottery factory in Derby, England
Derby Missile, a beyond-visual-range (BVR) air-to-air missile developed by RAFAEL Armament Development Authority.
Derby Records, a record label.
Sage Derby cheese, a kind of cheese.
Gamma is a Greek letter.
Used as a symbol or name it may refer to:
Latin gamma, used as an IPA symbol for voiced velar fricative, and in the alphabets of African languages.
Gamma wave, a type of brain wave
Lapse rate, the temperature change with height in an atmosphere
linewidth, relating to uncertainty of mass energy in short-lived particles
Gamma is an old non-SI name for either a microgram or for a nanotesla, SI units
Gamma quadra, in Socionics
Lower case, γ
Gamma correction, a property of images and video displays
Gamma ray, also Gamma radiation, an electromagnetic ray
Adiabatic index, also known as the Heat capacity ratio, the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure to that at constant volume.
Bayer designation, the third brightest star
Euler-Mascheroni constant, a mathematical constant
photon, seen as an elementary particle in physics
Lorentz factor in relativity theory and astronomy
propagation constant of an electromagnetic wave
voiced velar fricative in phonetics
Upper case, Γ
Gamma distribution, a probability distribution function
Gamma function, a mathematical function
Christoffel symbol in General Relativity
reflection coefficient in electrical engineering
mathematical finance, where it is a risk measure, or Greek
center of the Brillouin zone
The Feferman-Schütte_ordinal Γ0
Gamma software, in computer software and video game development
GM Gamma platform - a subcompact automobile platform by General Motors
Gamma correction, in video, graphics, color spaces, and photographic imaging
Elias gamma coding, in computer science, encoding, compression
Things and places
Tropical Storm Gamma, an Atlantic tropical storm
Brave New World, where it is the third caste
E-102 Gamma, a video game character
Gamma (band), a rock band
Chile, the long and narrow South American nation between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean.
Chicago, the IATA city code for a major US city (sometimes informally written "Chi" or "Chi-town").
Additionally, most Chicago sports teams can be called "CHI" or "Chi" when citing scores, etc.
Chicago Bears, a National Football League team
Chicago Blackhawks, a National Hockey League team
Chicago Bulls, a National Basketball Association team
Chicago Cubs, a Major League Baseball team
Chicago White Sox, a Major League Baseball team
Child Health International, a UK based charity for children's health (especially Cystic Fibrosis) in poor countries
Human-Computer Interaction, otherwise known as Computer-Human Interaction (CHI)
CHI, an annual, international academic conference on the topic of Computer-Human Interaction
Chromosomal crossover, in homologous recombination, a viral DNA sequence called a "crossover hotspot instigator" (CHI)
CHI, Longwood University's, secret honorary society formed in 1900 in Farmville, Virginia
Closed Head Injury, meaning the skull is not broken.
Columbia Helicopters, Inc of Aurora, Oregon.
Manufacturer and Operator of heavy lift helicopters
Chingford railway station, London; National Rail station code CHI
Chi, the Greek letter, Χ
The Chi distribution, which is denoted by
The Chi-square distribution, which is denoted by
Chi (kana), a letter used in the Japanese script Hiragana
Chi (magazine), an Italian magazine based in Milan
Chi Cheng (musician), Bassist for Deftones
Chi McBride, actor
Chi River in North-East Thailand
Chi, a fictional character in the anime/manga series Chobits
In Igbo mythology in Nigeria, Chi is a god or personification of an individual's fate
Chi is an alleged life force in every thing
Mu, Μ or μ, a letter in the Greek alphabet.
The SI prefix micro, meaning a factor of 10-6 (one millionth).
μ by itself is often used as the "unit" of strain, though in this context it retains its SI prefix meaning, which is interchangeable with "x 10-6" or "ppm" (parts per million).
μ by itself is an abbreviation for the unit micron.
Both the term and the abbreviation should not be used.
The preferred terms are µm and micrometre
In mathematics,
The arithmetic mean of a statistical population
The Möbius function
The least-fixed-point-operator
A degree of membership from a fuzzy set.
In chemistry,
The chemical potential
In physics,
The coefficient of friction
The mobility coefficient
The permeability (electromagnetism) coefficient
The muon, an elementary particle
The standard gravitational parameter
The magnetic dipole moment
The linear density
Reduced mass
µTorrent, a freeware BitTorrent client for Microsoft Windows written in C++.
μZiq, An alias of Mike Paradinas.
Mù, (), a Chinese surname
Mu (unit of area) (/), a Chinese unit of area
Mu (kana), represented by the Japanese kana  or
Mu (negative) (), a Japanese word important in Zen koan practice
Muonium's atomic symbol
Mu-metal, an alloy used for screening magnetic fields
Mu (lost continent), a mythical continent in the Pacific Ocean subsequently appearing in several books, films, and games
Mu (rocket), a Japanese rocket
Mu Dan, Chinese poet and translator
Mu Online, an online role-playing game
Mu La Flaga, a character from the anime Mobile Suit Gundam SEED
Aries Mu, a character from the cartoon Saint Seiya
Groupe Mu, an interdisciplinary Belgian group focusing on linguistics and rhetoric
Lemuria, a hypothetical lost continent
Mauritius' ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code
China Eastern Airlines's IATA code
Manchester United Football club
The Mothers' Union, global Anglican women's organisation
Monitor unit, a unit used in radiation therapy
Centimorgan or "map unit", a unit of recombinant frequency in genetics
Multiple unit, such as a rail diesel car
MU puzzle, a puzzle in Gödel, Escher, Bach
University of Mumbai, formerly called the University of Bombay
Marshall University
Miami University, a public university in Oxford, Ohio
Millersville University of Pennsylvania
University of Missouri, a public university in Columbia, Missouri
Mahidol University, a University in Thailand
Manipal University, a university in Karnataka, India
MU (70's band), an early 1970s psychedelic group led by Merrell Fankhauser and Jeff Cotton
MU (00's band), a 00's electro-punk group made up of producer Maurice Fulton and his wife Mutsumi Kanamori.
Mirror Universe (Star Trek), fictional parallel universe in which the plots of several Star Trek television episodes take place
Magic-User, a class type in D&D, HackMaster, and many fantasy RPGs
Musician, an enlisted rating in the United States Navy
Isuzu MU Wizard
Nu, a letter in the Greek alphabet: lowercase ν, uppercase Ν
Nu (kana), the Japanese characters ぬ and ヌ
NU (sound project)
Nu (mythology), the male form of the Egyptian goddess Naunet
Nu (Chrono Trigger), a fictional species from the video game Chrono Trigger
.nu, the Internet top-level domain for Niue
Nu people, a Chinese ethnic group
Nu river or Salween River
U Nu or Mr. Nu, a former Burmese prime minister
Nǀu language, a moribund Tuu (Khoisan) language spoken by the Nǁnǂe people in South Africa
Nu Gundam, in the anime Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack
"Nu"?
is a Yiddish word meaning "so?"
now also absorbed into English meaning "so, what's happening?"
or "so, what do you say?"
Naresuan University, a public university in Phitsanulok, Thailand
Niagara University, a Roman Catholic university in Niagara County, New York
Northwestern University, an American research institution in Evanston, Illinois
Northeastern University, an American research university in Boston, Massachusetts
Norwich University, a private American military and traditional university in Northfield, Vermont
National University (Philippines), a private, non-sectarian university in Manila, Philippines
Nunavut (NU), the largest and newest territory in the territories of Canada
Nahdatul Ulama (NU), an Islamic group in Indonesia
Nusselt number (Nu), a dimensionless heat transfer ratio
Nucellar embryony (Nu+), a form of seed reproduction that occurs in certain plant species
Bhutanese ngultrum (Nu.),
Bhutan's official currency
Japan Transocean Air IATA airline designator
Nicaragua NATO country code
Niue ISO 3166 country code
Nu metal, a fusion genre of Heavy Metal
Omega is the last letter in the Greek alphabet.
See that article for more uses of the upper case (Ω) or lower case (ω) letter as a symbol.
Omega (Cyrillic), the Cyrillic counterpart of Greek omega.
Lambert W function, also known as the omega function.
Omega constant, a specific value derived from Lambert's W function.
Chaitin's constant, or Halting Probability, written as Ω.
Omega loop, a protein motif
Omega-9 fatty acid
Omega particle, a subatomic particle
Omega, in sociobiology, the lowest rank in a dominance hierarchy
In cosmology, the density parameter
Omega (camera), a brand of cameras and enlargers
OMEGA Navigation System, the first worldwide radio navigation system
Omega SA, a Swiss watch company
Omega (TeX), a Unicode extension of the TeX typesetting system
Omega drivers, third-party drivers for ATI and nVidia graphics cards
OMEGA, a Latvian special operations unit
Omega point, an idea in philosophy (eschatology) advanced by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
Omega, Georgia
Omega, Oklahoma
Omega D.C., a gay bar in Washington, D.C.
Opel Omega, a car model by Opel/Vauxhall
Oldsmobile Omega, another General Motors car, mechanically unrelated to the above
Omega (Doctor Who), a fictional character from the television series
Omega (Doctor Who audio), a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on Doctor Who
The Omega Directive, an episode of Star Trek: Voyager
Omega Ranger, a character from Power Rangers: S.P.D.
The Omega Man, a 1971 science fiction film
Omega, an alias of O'Malley, a character in Red vs. Blue
Omegamon and Omegamon X, the Japanese names for the Digimon characters, Omnimon, as well as his X-Antibody counterpart, Omnimon X
Doctor Omega, a 1906 science fiction novel by Arnould Galopin
Omega (novel), a science fiction novel by Jack McDevitt
A character in the Maximum Ride series.
The Omega Lock in Transformers Cybertron.
Omega (film), a Greek thriller, directed by Vasilis Blioumis
Omega Red, a comic book supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe
Omega-level mutant, the most powerful Marvel Comics mutants
Omega (comics), a comic book villain from the Legion of Super-Heroes
Omega Men, a DC Comics superhero group
Omega the Unknown, a 1970s Marvel Comics series created by Steve Gerber
Omega (1987 computer game), a Roguelike game
Omega (1989 computer game), a game by Origin Systems
Omega (Dead or Alive), the final boss of Dead or Alive 3
Omega (Final Fantasy), a recurring boss in the Final Fantasy series
E-123 Omega, a character in the Sonic the Hedgehog series
Omega, one of the main antagonists and the final boss of Mega Man Zero 3
Omega is the pseudonym used by Naoki Maeda for the song "MAX300" from DDRMAX: Dance Dance Revolution 6thMIX
(Omega) y su Mambo Violento, a Dominican musical group
Omēga and the Mechanical Animals, a fictitious rock band portrayed by Marilyn Manson on their album Mechanical Animals
Omega (band), a Hungarian rock band
Omega No.
5, an album by Scaterd Few
Omega (song), a song by Rebecca St. James
Deathspell Omega, a French black metal band
The Omega Rising, an album by Profundi, a Swedish black metal band
Omega Recording Studios, a recording school and studio located outside of Washington D.C.
Omega (cider), a strong white cider
Omega Psi Phi, African American fraternity and member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council
Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts (OMEGA), a wrestling promotion owned by Matt and Jeff Hardy
Omega Development Site, planned to be one of Europe's largest business parks, in Warrington, Cheshire
The letter phi
The golden ratio
A statistical measure of association reported with the chi-square test
Pi (math), , or π, is the mathematical constant equal to a circle's circumference divided by its diameter.
Letter Pi (π)
Pi (letter), the Greek letter
Lowercase π:
π (film), a 1998 film directed by Darren Aronofsky
(pi function), the prime-counting function
Osmotic pressure
A song from the Kate Bush album Aerial
Shorthand for pion
A men's fragrance from Givenchy
The symbol for political life used in Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy
Uppercase Π:
The product symbol
(Pi function), the Gamma function when offset to coincide with the factorial
, the reciprocal of the Pi function
Pi as a word
Pi (instrument)
Pi (.hack), a fictional character from the multimedia franchise .hack//G.U.
Pi Magazine
Pi Recordings, a record label
"Pi", a song from the Hard 'n Phirm album Horses and Grasses; the song ends at 3:14
Pi, a member of Team Robo in Sega Soccer Slam
Pi, a fictional character in the novel Life of Pi
Pi County, county in Sichuan, China
Psi (Cyrillic) (Ѱ, ѱ), a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, adopted from Greek
Psi (Ψ, ψ) a letter of the Greek alphabet
Psi (comics), a character in DC Comics
Psi (instant messaging client), a popular Jabber client program
Psi (parapsychology), psychic or paranormal phenomena
As a Greek letter
J/ψ particle, a subatomic particle
Wavefunction in Quantum Mechanics, ψ
In mathematics, Ψ is used to denote the angle between the tangent and the x-axis in the intrinsic coordinates system
Again in mathematics, Ψ is also used to denote the Digamma and Polygamma functions.
In physical chemistry, Ψ represents water potential, the potential energy of a water solution relative to pure water.
Ψ stands for psychology and psychologist, often used in the logo of various psychological associations -- for example, see IUPsyS.
Pounds per square inch, a unit of pressure
Sound recording and reproduction is the storage of sound and playing it back so that a person can hear the same sound more than once.
It is a process wherein sound waves are captured by a machine.
The machine converts the waves into electrical signals or digital data, that are then stored on recording media (such as gramophone records, cassette tapes, compact discs or computer hard drives).
The sound can then be played back by reversing the process.
Most recordings are of music, people speaking or singing, and sound effects.
They are usually used for entertainment (fun), or for scientific and historical reasons.
Sound is recorded onto a medium by different methods.
The ways that recordings are made have changed a lot since sound was first recorded.
Analog cylinder
The first machines for recording sound were mechanical, not electrical.
The phonograph was invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1877.
Phonographs have a spinning cylinder covered in a soft material such as tin foil, lead, wax, or amberol.
Sound waves shake a small needle so that its motion carries the waves.
As the cylinder turns, the needle draws the motion of the sound waves in the soft coating.
This made the cylinder a recording of the sound that was in the needle.
This recording is played back by tracing another needle through the groove in the cylinder.
This recreates the small vibrations in the playback needle.
These vibrations could be amplified (made louder) to create louder, more audible sound.
Analog disk
The problem of copying recordings got better with the invention of the gramophone (also called the phonograph in American English) around 1888.
The gramophone works in much the same way as the phonograph, but instead of a cylinder, the needle's grooves are etched into a disk record which turns on a spinning table.
Because the record media was flat, copying recordings was much simpler.
Pressing the original recording onto a plate of shellac created a negative master, where the grooves were bumps on the surface instead of being scratched into the surface.
The master could be used to produce many copies through the opposite process.
The first records were made mostly of rubber or shellac, but later records were made of  vinyl.
Originally, records spun at a rate of 78 rotations per minute, or 78 rpm.
As technology got better, records could spin more slowly, but still reproduce sound better and play for longer amounts of time.
45 rpm became common in the middle 20th century, and by the late 1900s most records were 33 rpm.
In the late 1930s the tape recorder appeared.
Tape recorders use a magnetic tape as a medium, with a recording head to store the sound on the tape.
Sound waves are converted into an electrical signal inside the recorder.
This signal goes into the head, where it changes the polarity of very small magnets.
Tape moves past the head at a constant speed, and its magnetic particles are rearranged by these magnets to a pattern that represents the sound wave.
These magnetic patterns are much like the small grooves of a cylinder or disc record in the way that they represent the vibration energy of sound waves.
When a tape is played back, it runs past a playback head which reads the magnetic patterns off the tape and converts them back into an electrical signal.
The electrical signal can then be converted into sound waves or copied to some other kind of sound-processing machine.
A magnetic tape is divided into several tracks.
Each track uses up part of the width of the tape, and can store a completely different recording that can be played back at the same time as the other tracks.
A two-track tape has one track on half of the tape and another track on the other half.
A four-track tape has four tracks all lying next to one another, like a highway with four lanes.
Most tape recordings today are stereophonic (or stereo), meaning that they have two tracks which are meant to be played together.
Usually one is played on the listener's left side and the other is on the listener's right side, to match the listener's two ears.
Early tapes were wound flat on a storage reel and transferred to a take-up reel as they were recorded or played.
After recording or playback, they were rewound so that they were stored only on the storage reel.
This kind of system is usually called reel to reel today.
It is still used today for some professional recording and playback, but for home use reels were mostly replaced with other kinds of tape in the 1970s.
Cassettes are small cartridges containing two reels inside.
Cassettes move a four-track tape in either of two directions, corresponding to their side A and side B labels.
The reel on the left contains the unplayed or unrecorded tape, and the reel on the right contains the tape that has already passed the recording or playback head.
When you turn the cassette over, the tape still moves from left to right, but this is really the opposite direction.
The "side A" recording plays two tracks as stereo, and the "side B" recording plays the other two.
Eight-track tapes were popular for a while in the 1970s and 1980s.
Eight-tracks work much like cassettes, but the tape is a loop: it repeats after being played all the way through.
Because it has eight tracks, there are four programs to select from, each in stereo.
Eight-tracks are not very popular anymore, but can still be found in hobbyist collections.
Professional tape-recording systems may have even more tracks, or might use them differently.
Usually a system like this is designed to allow someone to mix the tracks in different ways than they were originally recorded.
However, there is a kind of recording called quadraphonic that uses four-track tape to play four different tracks at the same time.
A good quadraphonic recording can sound much more "real" than stereo or monophonic recordings.
Tape recording technology was used from the early days of computing to store digital information.
As computer technology improved, so did magnetic tape technology.
In the 1980s Digital Audio Tape (DAT) technology emerged.
DAT is designed to work much like cassette, except DAT's magnetic patterns represent digital data instead of sound vibrations.
This digital data is a digital audio recording which can be copied and reproduced with many different computer systems.
Moving to digital takes the medium one step farther from the original sound.
Instead of being a sound medium, the DAT is a data medium, and the data is a sound medium.
This is more technically complex, but also more flexible.
DAT has been used for many kinds of data recording, in addition to sound.
The compact disc (CD) medium was developed in the 1980s as a new way to bring digital recordings of music to the market.
Except for the introduction of the CD-ROM and several kinds of recordable CD, the CD has not changed much since then.
Like DAT, it is a data medium rather than a way of recording vibrations directly.
It was introduced to provide music in a way that is cheap for manufacturers but relatively high-quality, but it has since been adapted to meet many data-storage needs.
Like DAT, the CD requires computer technology to record and to play.
By the 1990s, CDs had replaced cassettes and records as the main kind of commercial music media.
Today, although CDs are still very popular, "online" digital recordings like MP3s are gaining fast.
The earliest methods of recording sound involved the live recording of the performance directly to the recording medium.
This was an entirely mechanical process, often called "acoustical recording".
The sound of the performers was captured by a diaphragm with the cutting needle connect to it.
The needle made the grooves in the recording medium.
To make this process as efficient as possible the diaphragm was located at the apex of a cone and the performer(s) would crowd around the other end.
If a performer was too loud then they would need to move back from the mouth of the cone to avoid drowning out the other performers.
As a result of this, in early Jazz recordings a block of wood was used in place of the bass drum.
The introduction of electrical recording made it possible to use microphones to capture the sound of the performance.
The leading record labels switched to the electric microphone process in 1925, and most other record companies followed their lead by the end of the decade.
Electrical recording increased the flexibity and sound quality.
However once the performance was still cut to the recording medium, so if a mistake was made the recording was useless.
Electrical recording made it possible to record one part to disc and then play that back while playing another part, recording both parts to a second disc.
This is called over-dubbing.
The first commercially issued records using over-dubbing were released by the Victor Talking Machine Company in the late 1920s.
However overdubbing was of limited use until the introduction of analog audio tape.
Use of tape overdubbing was pioneered by Les Paul and is called 'sound on sound' recording.
In this way performances could be built up over time.
The analog tape recorder made it possible to erase or record over a previous recording so that mistakes could be fixed.
Another advantage of recording on tape is the ability to cut the tape and join it back together.
This allows the recording to be edited.
Pieces of the recording can be removed, or rearranged.
See Audio editing
The introduction of electronic instruments (especially keyboards and synthesisers), effects and other instruments has led to the importance of MIDI in recording.
For example, using MIDI timecode, it is possible to have different equipment 'trigger' without direct human intervention at the time of recording.
The French bookseller and printer Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville was the earliest known inventor of sound recording.
It is believed he invented the first ever sound recording device known as the Phonautograph.
Mix Magazine/Primedia 2005 directory of Audio Engineering Programs
Sound recording and reproduction formulas and calculators
The Engineer's Notebook
A selection of artefacts held at the British Library
WikiRecording An Online Guide to Audio Recording anyone can edit.
Stochastic Activity Network, stochastic extension to Petri nets
Standard algebraic notation, the most common algebraic chess notation
Storage area network, a network designed to attach computer storage devices
Styrene-acrylonitrile resin, a plastic
Sinoatrial node, pacemaking tissue in the right atrium of the heart
The Battle Creek Sanitarium was nicknamed The San by its guests.
San (comics) is the name of a character of the Marvel Universe.
Princess Mononoke, San is the original name of Princess Mononoke.
San, Mali, a town
San River, a river in south-eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the Celt's word (san) means exactly river too.
Sydney Adventist Hospital, due to the original name being the Sydney Sanitarium, which was shortened to the word "san".
Khoisan, in Southern Africa, also known as the San people, or Khwe Khoe, or Basarwa.
San Motors, an Indian automobile manufacturer.
San Diego International Airport, IATA airport code
Sandersville Railroad, The AAR reporting mark
San (参) is High and Mighty Color's 3rd Album
the Italian and Spanish word for Saint
San (letter), Greek letter between Pi and Qoppa
-san, a Japanese title used after a person's name, the equivalent of Mr., Mrs. or Miss. Postfix of polite expressions like "Suzuki-san", "Ichirou-san",  or "Suzuki Ichirou-san" to name a personal family name or last name, verbally and literally, generally regardless of position, sex, age, and other factors.
Pronunciation of 3 in Japanese and Mandarin Chinese
Dream, in some Slavic languages
Mountain, in Korean and Japanese.
Senior Advocate of Nigeria
Standard Address Number, a number used in the book trade to identify a supplier.
Shodo, Japanese calligraphy
Sho, a letter of the Greek alphabet as used to write Bactrian
Ford SHO V6 engine, an engine designed by Yamaha Motor Company, and used in the Ford Taurus sedan between 1989 and 1995
Simple Harmonic Oscillator
Showtime, a premium television network whose name is often shortened to Sho
Shō (笙), a Japanese wind instrument
Japanese given names.
The following people have the given name "Shō":
Sho Aikawa (哀川 翔)
Sho Hayami (速水 奨)
Sun Yat-sen (孫逸仙), a.k.a. "
Nakayama Shō" (中山樵)
Sho Sakurai (櫻井翔)
Sho Yano
The following fictional characters have the given name "Shō":
Sho, a ninja from Captain Commando
Sho of The Drifting Classroom
Shou Amabane, Burning Rangers
Syo Ashigawa, a character in Machine Robo Rescue
Sho Fukamachi, the main and titular character of Battle Booster Armor Guyver
Shō Kazamatsuri, Whistle!
Sho Marufuji (Syrus Truesdale), Yu-Gi-Oh!
GX (Yu-Gi-Oh!
Duel Monsters GX)
Shou Tucker, Fullmetal Alchemist
Sho Tsukioka, Battle Royale
Sho Shinjo, Battle Arena Toshinden
Sho, protagonist of Koei's video game Crimson Sea
A Japanese surname.
The following people have the family name "Shō":
Mayumi Shō (荘 真由美)
Stigma (anatomy), a small spot, mark, scar, or minute hole
Stigma (botany), the part of a flower which takes in pollen
The eyespot apparatus of unicellular organisms, for example Euglena and Chlamydomonas
Astigmatism (eye) (stigma of the eye), difficulty in seeing clearly that is caused by a change in the inner shape of the eye
Badge of shame, a mark of infamy or disgrace
Social stigma, a social disapproval of personal characteristics or beliefs that are against cultural norms, including:
Weight stigma, negative attitudes towards overweight/obese individuals
Stigma (book), a 1963 book written by Erving Goffman
Stigma (manga), a Japanese manga story by Kazuya Minekura
Stigma (album), an album recorded by the band EMF in 1992
Vinnie Stigma, the long time guitarist of the seminal hardcore bands Agnostic Front and Madball
Stigma (sociological theory), the phenomenon whereby an individual with an attribute, which is deeply discredited by his/her society, is rejected as a result of the attribute
A bodily mark, sore, or sensation of pain in locations corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus; see stigmata
"Stigma" (Enterprise episode), a second-season episode of Star Trek: Enterprise
Stigma (movie), a 1972 movie featuring Philip Michael Thomas
Stigma (letter), a ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau
A Storage area network (SAN) is a computing solution for accessing and storing data.
To the user, Storage Area Networks appear to be local to the operating system, but they are actually remote.
The file system is the interface that allows the user to access their data that is stored in physical storage (such as hard disks).
From the point of view of the user, their data is saved as files.
The file system takes care of storing the file data, which might actually be broken up into pieces and stored in different locations in storage.
On a personal computer, the file system and storage are on the same machine (Direct Attached Storage).
In Network Attached Storage, the file system and storage are on a remote server.
In a Storage Area Network, the file system is on the local machine, and the storage is on a remote machine.
Zeta (letter), the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet.
Zeta functions, in mathematics
Tropical Storm Zeta, formed in December 2005 and lasted through January 2006
Z-pinch, in fusion power
Zero Energy Thermonuclear Assembly reactor, a British test facility
magnussoft ZETA, a computer operating system
Zettabyte File System developed by Sun Microsystems
Zeta River, in Montenegro
Zeta plain, in Montenegro
Principality of Zeta, a medieval state, today Montenegro
Zeta Banovina, one of provinces (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941
Zeta Metroid, species of Metroid from Metroid II: Return of Samus
Z (movie), a political movie by Costa Gavras
Catherine Zeta-Jones, Welsh actress
Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam, a televised anime
Publishing and Manufacturing
Zeta (magazine), a Baja California investigative journalism newsweekly
GM Zeta platform, a full-size car series
Zeta, an Australian car produced by Lightburn
A zeta key, a tool used to drive screws and bolts which have a hexagonal socket in the head.
The rings of Saturn are the planetary rings around the planet Saturn, which can be seen with a small telescope.
They consist of many small particles, ranging in size from microscopic to the size of a bus (or bigger) that form clumps that move around Saturn.
The particles in the rings are made almost entirely of water ice, with just a small amount of dust and other chemicals.
There are some gaps in the rings.
The moon Pan causes the gap called the "Encke gap" in Saturn's A ring.
The Cassini Division, discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini, is a gap between the A ring and the B ring.
It is a product of orbital resonance.
Network attached storage (or NAS) is a computing solution.
It means that storage (like a number of hard disks) is put on a computer network, so different users can access it.
Today, boxes that already can do this are available rather cheaply.
Also, such boxes can be built easily using a small or old computer.
NAS is similar to, but easier to set up than a Storage area network.
A group of Native Americans decided to call the place where they live the Republic of Lakotah.
This group is called the Lakotah Freedom Delegation.
They believe the Republic of Lakotah should be treated as a separate country, but at the moment, no other country in the world agrees that it is.
When white people first came to North America from Europe, the Lakotah people, who are a native tribe, had already been living there for thousands of years.
The Lakotah legally had nothing to do with the USA until they made treaties (agreements) with each other in the 1800s.
Since then, the Lakotah people have lived inside the borders of the USA.
On December 17, 2007, the Lakotah Freedom Delegation said that Lakotah should become a separate country again, as it was before they made treaties with the USA.
They drew up borders, which includes bits of North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming and Montana.
At the moment, most people consider these regions still to belong to the USA.
Reasons for wanting independence
In December 2007, the group traveled to Washington, D.C. and spoke to the government.
They announced that the Lakotah were withdrawing from the treaties they had with the USA.
They said the USA had not been following the treaties and this had been causing problems on Lakotah land.
For example, the USA and the Lakotah made an agreement called the Treaty of Fort Laramie, which meant the Lakotah could keep the Black Hills.
The Black Hills is a very sacred and special place for the Lakotah.
But the USA broke the agreement and invaded the Black Hills when they found out that gold was buried there.
Now the Black Hills is home to the famous mountain carvings of Mount Rushmore.
The group says that the Republic of Lakotah is not a new country, but a country that has just been revived.
But some members of the Lakotah tribe complain that they were not told about the plans.
Many of the leaders of the Lakotah tribe were not asked beforehand.
Traditionally, a vote needs to be held if a treaty is going to be changed, and 75% of Lakotah males need to vote in favor of the change.
But a vote was not held when the plans for the Republic of Lakotah were being made.
The group argues that Lakotah is allowed to be its own country, by law.
They use the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Article Six of the United States Constitution and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to back up their plans.
Anyone is allowed to be a citizen of the Republic of Lakotah as long as they give up their citizenship of the United States.
The group plans to make its own passports and driving licenses.
The government will be run in the traditional Lakotah way.
The elderly people, who receive a lot of respect in Lakotah tradition, will choose leaders to run the country.
At the moment, supporters of the Lakotah Freedom Delegation are arguing over the name of the country.
Some people like the name Republic of Lakotah, but others prefer Lakotah Oyate.
Oyate is the Lakotah word meaning "nation".
A place does not exist as a country until other countries in the world recognise its borders or its government, and treat it as a separate country.
The Lakotah Freedom Delegation has contacted the embassies of Venezuela, Bolivia, Chile and South Africa, asking to be recognised as an independent country.
The group has also mentioned Russia, Finland and Iceland, and said that Ireland and East Timor are interested in the plans.
But at the moment, no other country in the world is treating Lakotah as a separate country.
The US government is unlikely to support the Republic of Lakotah because it means the USA will lose some land.
They've said that the group's plans do not mean anything.
Chanson is the French word for "song".
The word is often used in music to mean any song with French words, but it is more often used when talking about songs in which lyrics have been set to music by French classical composers.
Very often "chansons" refers to the French songs that were sung in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance.
People who sang these chansons were called "chansonniers".
They had various forms, including ballade, rondeau and virelai.
Some composers at the time liked to set popular poetry to music.
The earliest chansons were for two, three or four voices, many of them being for three voices.
By the 16th century most were for four voices.
Sometimes, the singers were accompanied by instruments.
Early chansons
The first important composer of chansons was the medieval composer Guillaume de Machaut.
In the Renaissance Guillaume Dufay and Gilles Binchois wrote many simple chansons.
Later Johannes Ockeghem and Josquin des Prez composed chansons which had lots of imitation between the voices.
Clément Janequin wrote more simple, homophonic chansons.
He worked in the area around Paris.
Later composers such as Orlando de Lassus were influenced by the Italian madrigal.
The style of music started to be used in music for instruments.
The first book of sheet music printed from movable type was Harmonice Musices Odhecaton, a collection of 96 chansons by many composers, published in Venice in 1501.
Later chansons
During the 16th century French songs started to be composed with lute or keyboard accompaniment.
In the 19th century many composers wrote songs with piano accompaniment.
These chansons were often called mélodies.
Popular Chanson
French chansons of Jacques Brel have been translated and are interpreted in English by Arnold Johnston, Professor at West Michigan University.
More than 100 chansons of Brel, Brassens, Barbara, Bécaud, Ferrat, Aznavour, Trenet et Ferré have been translated and are interpreted in German language by the Duo Stéphane & Didier (see www.deutsche-chanson-texte.de).
A-type asteroids are fairly uncommon closer asteroids that have a strong, broad 1 µm olivine feature and a very reddish spectrum shortwards of 0.7 µm.
A technical report on A-Type Asteroids
C-type asteroids are asteroids made of carbonates.
They are the most common variety taking up around 75% of known asteroids, and an even higher percentage in the farther part of the belt beyond 2.7 AU, which is dominated by this asteroid type.
The amount of C-types may actually be higher than this, because C-types are much darker than most other asteroid types except D-types and others common only at the extreme farther edge of the Main Belt.
This type of asteroid has very similar spectra to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites (types CI and CM), whose chemical make-up is about the same as the Sun and the primitive solar nebula, except that they do not contain hydrogen, helium and other volatiles.
Hydrated (water-containing) minerals are present.
C-type asteroids are very dark with albedos usually in the 0.03 to 0.10 range.
Consequently, whereas a number of S-types can normally be viewed with binoculars at opposition, even the biggest C-types require a small telescope.
The potentially brightest C-type asteroid is 324 Bamberga, but that object's very high eccentricity means it rarely reaches its maximum magnitude.
Their spectra contain moderately strong ultraviolet absorption at wavelengths below about 0.4 μm to 0.5 μm, while at longer wavelengths they are very featureless but slightly reddish.
The so-called "water" absorption feature around 3 μm, which can be a sign of water content in minerals is also present.
S. J. Bus and R. P. Binzel Phase II of the Small Main-belt Asteroid Spectroscopy Survey: A feature-based taxonomy, Icarus, Vol.
158, pp.
146 (2002).
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (born 88/89 BC, died 12/13 BC) was a Roman politician.
He was one of the closest men to Julius Caesar.
He was Caesar's deputy in Rome when Caesar was away from Rome defeating Pompey in the battle of Pharsalus in Greece.
He served as Pontifex Maximus (High Priest) after Caesar's death.
Together with Octavian and Mark Antony he formed the Second Triumvirate to oppose the conspirators.
The Triumvirate was set up to sideline the Consuls and Senate, which means it was the effective end of the Roman Republic.
Lepidus was older than the other two triumvirs.
After the Battle of Philippi, he governed Spain and part of North Africa.
He was blamed for a revolt in Sicily.
This gave Octavian the excuse to strip him of his offices, except for Pontifex Maximus.
He died peacefully in Circeii in Italy about end 12 to early 13 BC.
80s BC births
10s BC deaths
Chicago may also mean:
The University of Chicago
Chicago (band), a pop-rock-jazz band
Their second album, Chicago, released in 1970
Chicago (CTA), stations on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, all named for their location on Chicago Avenue
Chicago (CTA Brown Line)
Chicago (CTA Red Line)
Chicago (CTA Blue Line)
Chicago (typeface), a classic Apple Macintosh font
Chicago house, a genre of electronic dance music
Chicago Powerfest, a metal festival held annually near Chicago
Windows 95, codenamed "Chicago"
Chicago Manual of Style, published by the University of Chicago
USS Chicago, the name given to several United States Navy vessels
334 Chicago, an asteroid
Chicago (poker game), a Swedish poker game (or any one of several stud poker variants, including "Chicago," "Big Chicago," and "Little Chicago")
Chicago, Western Cape, a suburb of Paarl, South Africa
Club Atlético Nueva Chicago
There are several Chicago schools of thought, generally named after distinguished programs of the University of Chicago.
Chicago school (architecture)
Chicago school (economics)
Chicago school (literary criticism)
Chicago school (sociology)
Chicago, a play by Maurine Dallas Watkins, first performed in 1926
Chicago (1927 film), based on the 1926 play
Chicago (musical), first performed in 1975, based on the 1926 play
Chicago (2002 film), based on the 1975 musical
Chicago (magazine), published by the Tribune Company
Chicago (art magazine)
Chicago (album), by rock band Chicago
"Chicago" (1957 song), by Fred Fisher
"Chicago" (1970 song), by Graham Nash
"Chicago" (2005 song), by Sufjan Stevens
"Chicago" (2006 song), by Clueso
"Chicago" (poem), by Carl Sandburg
"Chicago" (Prison Break episode), the 38th episode of the American television series Prison Break
Chicago (Sam Shepard play), a 1965 play by Sam Shepard
Chicago (Trance artist)
Lacrosse, invented by the Native Americans, is a popular team sport in North America and a national summer sport for Canada.
It involves the use of nets, or "heads" as they are called, which consist of a wooden or metal shaft with a net on the end.
Hockey is a game based on this sport.
There are about three different forms of lacrosse based on the different Native American tribes or places of how they played it.
One of the ways still played today is called double stick; you play by using a two and a half foot stick in each hand and tossing a deer skin ball in between the two sticks.
The name “lacrosse” was named by the French settlers; with “Crosse” meaning curved stick it is called the curved stick.
Lacrosse played a more serious role in Native American culture than anywhere else.
It was often used to settle tribal disagreements.
Lacrosse was not a very well-known sport until the late nineteenth century.
Now more than half a million people are playing.
How the game is played
Lacrosse has two teams, each with ten players.
There is one goalie(using a head much larger than a normal players), three defensemen(using a stick with a longer shaft), three midfielders and three attack men.
The goalies defend the goals, and if the ball goes into the goal, the team who scored the goal gains a point.
Whoever scores the most goals by the end of the game wins, with an overtime period being played if the game is tied.
The game has four quarters and starts with a "face off" at the beginning of each quarter.
A face off is when the ball is on the ground to start the game, and one person from each team fights for possession of the ball ball.
"Lacrosse."
US Lacrosse.
Thomas Vennum, Jr., n.d.
6 Dec. 2012.
<http://uslacrosse.org/TopNav/MuseumHallofFame/History.aspx >.
Stephen Michael "Steve" Reich (Born October 3, 1936) is an American composer of music in the style of minimalism.
He is known for his music made with tape recordings, and instrumental music with a steady beat (such as Music for 18 Musicians).
He also wrote pieces that used what is called a phasing technique.
With phasing technique, two parts might be playing the same part but at slightly different speeds.
It is almost like a canon, or round.
He wrote pieces like these for piano, violin, and, again, for tape recordings.
He also composed such pieces like In C and Different Trains, some of his most popular works.
Others include, Drumming, City Life and The Cave.
On January 25, 2007, Reich was named the 2007 recipient of the Polar Music Prize, together with jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins.
On April 20, 2009, Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Double Sextet.
(an example of phasing, using two pianos)
(a composition by Steve Reich for tape)
The term "girl group" is also used in a narrower sense in English-speaking countries.
It suggests the American female pop singing groups of the late 1950s and early 1960s.
They were hugely successful for a time, between the decline of early rock and roll and the British Invasion.
Many of them were influenced by doo-wop style.
In the 1950s and 60s, the groups were mostly self-organised, girls who knew each other and often grew up together.
The Chantels, for example, were four girl choristers from a Catholic high school in the Bronx, 1957.
The Ronettes were two sisters and a cousin.p197 The Supremes were girls from a public housing estate in Detroit, Michigan.
They were, and still are, America's most successful vocal group of all time.
These groups had managers, of course, because they needed someone to deal with the music industry.
But the managers did not set up the groups; they came after the groups were formed.
Later, almost all groups were created by public relations professionals to meet a market need.
The Spice Girls were a good example of this.
They were put together in the mid-1990s by a family management team.
Their managers' idea was to create a girl group to compete with popular boy bands that dominated the pop music scene in the mid- to late-1990s.
The Spice Girls sold most albums, and had the best-selling album of all time.
One obvious difference between the earlier groups and the later ones was in their social backgrounds.
Earlier American groups, having grown up together, were all of the same social origin and colour.
What is more, they had usually sung together, and socialised together, before they formed up as a group.
This is also true of most of the earlier British boy groups.
The later groups, on the other hand, were deliberately chosen for variety.
This was done so that all sections of the audience would have at least one member they could identify with.
They had not sung together, or maybe met each other, until their PR manager introduced them.
With the changing times, the marketing of popular music changed greatly, so that direct comparison of sales is not simple.
but in many parts of the world digital sales are now the most important.
Heath Andrew Ledger (April 4, 1979 – January 22, 2008) was an Academy Award-winning Australian actor.
Ledger started acting on television in the 1990s and then began working in Hollywood movies.
He was an important actor in many movies, including The Patriot, Monster's Ball, and Brokeback Mountain.
He acted as The Joker in The Dark Knight.
Ledger died in New York City on January 22, 2008.
His final movie, The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, came out in 2009.
Heath Ledger was born in Perth, Western Australia.
Ledger's mother comes from the Clan Campbell of Scotland.
Heath and his sister Katherine were named after the two main characters in Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights.
Ledger went to Guildford Grammar School, where he had his first acting experiences.
He starred in a school production as Peter Pan at age 10.
At sixteen, Ledger graduated school early to become an actor with girlfriend Jenna Sorrell.
With his best friend, Trevor DiCarlo, Ledger drove across Australia to Sydney.
He returned to Perth for the television series Sweat (1996).