the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
1947 – Fran Cotton, English rugby player
1948 – Manfred Kokot, German athlete
1949 – Sylvia Likens, American torture victim (d. 1965)
1950 – Victoria Principal, American actress
1952 – Gianfranco Fini, Italian politician
1952 – Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish politician
1953 – Mohammed Waheed Hassan, former President of the Maldives
1953 – Peter Taylor, English footballer
1955 – Palmolive, Spanish-English drummer
1956 – Mel Gibson, Australian-American actor and director
1956 – Guy Ryder, British labour activist
1958 – Shim Hyung-rae, South Korean movie maker
1960 – Daniela Schadt, German journalist
1962 – Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player
1963 – Stewart Hosie, Scottish politician
1963 – Till Lindemann, German singer (Rammstein)
1967 – Magnus Gustafsson, Swedish tennis player
1968 – Kent Carlsson, Swedish tennis player
1969 – Michael Schumacher, German racing driver
1969 – Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian bobsledder and luger
1971 – Sarah Alexander, British actress
1971 – Cory Cross, American ice hockey player
1972 – Janek Kiisman, Estonian footballer
1975 – Danica McKellar, British actress
1975 – Thomas Bangalter, French DJ and producer (Daft Punk)
1976 – Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer
1977 – Lee Bowyer, English footballer
1977 – Michelle Stephenson, English singer (Spice Girls)
1978 – Liya Kebede, Ethiopian model
1978 – Mike York, American ice hockey player
1979 – Dina Tersago, Belgian model and television host
1981 – Eli Manning, American football player
1982 – Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer, actress and model
1982 – Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer
1984 – Billy Mehmet, Irish footballer
1984 – Maximilian Mechler, German ski jumper
1985 – Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player
1986 – Dana Hussain, Iraqi athlete
1986 – Jessica O'Rourke, American soccer player
1986 – Lloyd, American singer
1988 – Ikechi Anya, Scottish footballer
1988 – Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player
1989 – Ayaka Umeda, Japanese singer (AKB48)
1989 – Kohei Uchimura, Japanese gymnast
1989 – Alex D. Linz, American actor
1991 – Darius Morris, American basketball player
1992 – Doug McDermott, American basketball player
1993 – Kevin Ware, American basketball player
1995 – Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean actress and singer
2003 – Greta Thunberg, Swedish climate change activist
235 – St. Anterus, Pope
323 – Jin Yuandi, Chinese Emperor (b. 276)
492 – Pope Felix III
502 – Genevieve of Paris, Patron Saint of Paris
1322 – King Philip V of France (b. 1293)
1437 – Catherine of Valois, wife of King Henry V of England (b. 1401)
1543 – Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, first European to visit California (b. 1499)
1571 – Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1505)
1641 – Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (b. ca.
1670 – George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle (b. 1608)
1701 – Prince Louis I of Monaco (b. 1642)
1705 – Luca Giordano, Italian painter (b. 1634)
1785 – Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (b. 1706)
1795 – Josiah Wedgwood, English pottery maker (b. 1730)
1863 – John Branch, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1782)
1875 – Pierre Larousse, French editor and encyclopedist (b. 1817)
1881 – Anna McNeill Whistler, mother of James Whistler (b. 1804)
1895 – James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman (b. 1804)
1903 – Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler (b. 1837)
1904 – Larin Paraske, Finnish runic singer (b. 1834)
1915 – James Elroy Flecker, English poet, author and playwright (b. 1884)
1916 – Grenville M. Dodge, American general (b. 1831)
1923 – Jaroslav Hasek, Czech novelist (b. 1883)
1927 – Carl Runge, German mathematician (b. 1856)
1933 – Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
1933 – Jack Pickford, Canadian actor (b. 1896)
1943 – Walter James, 5th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1863)
1945 – Edgar Cayce, American psychic (b. 1877)
1946 – William Joyce, Irish Nazi propagandist (executed) (b. 1906)
1950 – Emil Jannings, Swiss actor (b. 1884)
1956 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (b. 1864)
1959 – Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, author and translator (b. 1887)
1967 – Jack Ruby, killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (b. 1911)
1974 – Gino Cervi, Italian actor (b. 1901)
1979 – Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (b. 1887)
1980 – Joy Adamson, Czech conservationist and writer (b. 1910)
1980 – Lucien Buysse, Belgian cyclist (b. 1892)
1981 – Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, the last grandchild of Queen Victoria (b. 1883)
1982 – Fritz Laband, German footballer (b. 1925)
1988 – Rose Auslander, German poet (b. 1901)
1988 – Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1905)
1989 – Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, Russian mathematician (b. 1909)
1992 – Dame Judith Anderson, Australian actress (b. 1897)
2001 – José Greco, flamenco dancer (b. 1918)
2002 – Freddy Heineken, Dutch CEO of Heineken (b. 1923)
2003 – Sid Gillman, American football coach (b. 1911)
2004 – Des Corcoran, 37th Premier of South Australia (b. 1928)
2004 – Leon Wagner, American MLB All-Star (b. 1934)
2005 – Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian national security advisor and former foreign secretary (b. 1936)
2005 – Will Eisner, American comic book artist and pioneering graphic novelist (b. 1917)
2005 – Koo Chen-fu, Chinese negotiator with the PRC (b. 1917)
2006 – Bill Skate, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (b. 1954)
2008 – Yo Sam-Choi, South Korean boxer (b. 1972)
2008 – Werner Dollinger, German politician and economist (b. 1918)
2009 – Pat Hingle, American actor (b. 1924)
2010 – Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (b. 1928)
2012 – Josef Skvorecky, Czech writer (b. 1924)
2013 – Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian movie director, actor and politician (b. 1930)
2013 – Burry Stander, South African cyclist (b. 1987)
2014 – Leon de Wolff, Dutch journalist (b. 1948)
2014 – George Goodman, American economics professor (b. 1930)
2014 – Phil Everly, American singer and musician (Everly Brothers) (b. 1939)
2014 – Alicia Rhett, American actress (b. 1915)
2014 – Saul Zaentz, American movie producer (b. 1921)
2015 – Edward Brooke, American politician, United States Senator from Massachusetts (b. 1919)
2015 – Derek Minter, British motorcycle racer (b. 1932)
2015 – Bernice Madigan, American supercentenarian (b. 1899)
2015 – Olga Knyazeva, Russian fencer (b. 1954)
2016 – Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist (b. 1928)
2016 – Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1945)
2016 – C. B. Forgotston, American political blogger (b. 1945)
2016 – Igor Sergun, Russian military officer (b. 1957)
2016 – Paul Bley, Canadian jazz pianist (b. 1932)
2016 – Stephen W. Bosworth, American diplomat (b. 1939)
2016 – Amby Fogarty, Irish footballer (b. 1933)
2016 – Demmus Hentze, Faroese politician (b. 1923)
2016 – Peter Powell, English kite maker (b. 1932)
2016 – Georg Nees, German academic and artist (b. 1926)
2016 – Tommy Sale, English rugby league player (b. 1918)
2017 – Charles J. Colgan, American politician (b. 1925)
2017 – Rolf Noskwith, German-British businessman (b. 1919)
2017 – Igor Volk, Ukrainian-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1937)
2017 – Rodney Bennett, British television director (b. 1935)
2017 – Martin Brandtner, American Marine Corps general (b. 1938)
2017 – Mike Buchanan, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1932)
2018 – Fred Bass, American bookseller (b. 1928)
Statehood Day (Alaska)
Perihelion, on or around this date, when Earth is at its closest point to the Sun during its orbit.
Ralph Nader (born February 27, 1934) is an American attorney, politician and political activist.
He is best known for working for the rights of consumers, for his third party runs for President of the United States, and for helping George Bush get elected in the 2000 presidential election.
He ran for president in 1996, 2000 and 2004, but failed to win.
In the 2008 election, Nader placed third overall, with 660,094 votes, or about .38%.
Nader was born in Winsted, Connecticut.
His parents, Nathra and Rose Nader, were Lebanese immigrants.
He is a fluent and native speaker of the Arabic language.
The Nader Page (not campaign-related)
Nader/Camejo 2004
Nader's Glitter Opposing view by Thomas Sowell.
Politicians from Connecticut
Jamie Farr (born July 1, 1934) is an American actor of Lebanese descent.
He is best known for his role as Corp./later Sgt.
Maxwell Q. Klinger on the 1970s TV show, M*A*S*H. His real name is Jameel Joseph Farha and he was born in Toledo, Ohio.
Farr also appeared in movies like The Blackboard Jungle (1955) and The Cannonball Run (1980), was a regular "celebrity judge" on The Gong Show and has a golf tournament named after him.
Free software is software (computer program) that anyone may run, share and change, at any time, for any reason.
In this case, "free" means "freedom-respecting" (we say "free as in freedom").
The opposite of free software is proprietary software.
In 1984, Richard Stallman started the free software movement when he began the GNU project.
Examples of free software are Linux (the kernel), Blender, OpenBSD, Inkscape and others.
Wikipedia also uses free software.
Free software and open source
People who use the name “free software” think that computers should be more ethical and should try to help people who use computers.
They think every human should have four basic rights for their programs.
These are the rights to:
Use programs on their computer how they want.
Learn how the programs on their computer work.
Change programs they have on their computer to make them better.
Give programs they have on their computer to other people.
Free software movement also says that all software should be free (as in freedom).
It is because even a very small program that is proprietary can be very dangerous (it can for example spy on the user).
People who use the name “open source” more like the free software rules too, but they aren't so strict and don't say that everything should be open source.
They say the rules are good because they help companies make business.
How free software works
An author who wants to make his computer program free must allow other people to use it for anything (which doesn't break the law), study it, change it and share it without limits.
The author does this by using a free license.
The author must not prohibit even selling his program by others or using his program for dangerous things or using it by people he doesn't like.
This is not because the author supports bad things, but because he thinks that limiting user's rights is dangerous for them.
Free software and freeware
The word “free” in “free software” means freedom, not price.
People are allowed to sell Free software, but the person who buys the software can change it, give it away or sell it too.
The words “free software” are sometimes used in English to just mean software that can be downloaded without paying money, which is confusing.
Sometimes this software lets people make their own copies for other people, however it may not let people do all the things that they can do with real Free software, such as change it or sell it.
In this case “free” means “free of charge”.
To make the difference more clear, software that does not cost money should be called freeware; it is almost always proprietary software.
The definition of free software
Richard Stallman's talk about free software at TEDx
July 4 – Nathaniel Hawthorne, American writer (The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven Gables, etc.)
February 12 – Immanuel Kant
July 12 – Alexander Hamilton
March 5 – Prussia and France sign the Treaty of Paris
March 26 – The 1812 Caracas earthquake destroys Caracas in Venezuela.
April 30 – Louisiana is admitted as the 18th U.S. state.
June 18 – The War of 1812 between the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom begins.
December 30 – Convention of Tauroggen is signed.
The capital of Finland is moved from Turku to Helsinki.
February 12 – Charles Dickens
A zookeeper is a worker in a zoo, responsible for the feeding and daily care of the animals.
As part of this, they clean the exhibits and report signs of bad health.
They may also be involved in scientific research, and in public education, conducting tours or simply answering questions put by members of the public.
Qualifications and pay of zookeepers both vary widely.
A junior keeper in a small zoo may have no qualifications other than an affinity for the job, while a senior keeper in a large zoo would most probably have both a relevant college degree and extensive experience.
Generally, a liking for animals and outside work and willingness to undertake moderate and sometimes dirty physical work are required.
Many animals are themselves heavy and strong-smelling, as is the food some of them eat.
Handling such is part of the job at times.
Career information (USA)
A cage is a box which is made to keep something inside of, without it being able to get out (such as an animal).
Cages are usually made of many metal bars.
A jail cell is like a cage for humans.
Even when toddlers can walk, they are often transported in a stroller, buggy, or pushchair when the walk is a long distance or when they're tired.
Toddlerhood typically begins after age one and is over by the time the child is 4, but this can differ depending on the child.
Toddler Weight/Height Calculator
Ronald McDonald is an American clown character who is a mascot of the McDonald's fast-food restaurant.
He wears yellow and red stipes and has wacky hair.
He lives in McDonaldland, with lots of others including Grimace, the Hamburglar, Birdie the Early Bird, Mayor McCheese, and the Fry Kids.
The clown Michael Polakovs (known in America as Coco the Clown) designed his clothes and make-up.
He appeared in the first eight of Ronald's television commercials.
The actor Jeff Giuliano played Ronald McDonald for many years on television.
Later he became a vegetarian, and was sorry he had spent so much time promoting hamburgers.
McDonald's has many actors employed to portray Ronald McDonald in restaurants and events.
It is assumed, however, that the company uses only one actor at a time to play the character in television commercials.
Willard Scott (Washington, D.C. 1963–1965)
Bev Bergeron (Southern California, 1966–1968)
George Voorhis (Southern California, 1968–1988)
Ray Rayner (1968–1969)
Bob Brandon (1970–1975)
King Moody (1969–1985)
Squire Fridell (1985–1991)
Jack Doepke (1990–1999)
David Hussey (2000–2014)
Brad Lennon (2014–present)
An actor by the name of Joe Maggard stated in an interview of The Guardian in 2014 that he portrayed the Ronald McDonald character from 1995 to 2007.
However, It was stated in a 2003 article by The Baltimore Sun that Maggard was only a stand-in actor for one commercial shoot in the mid 90s and stated that "he is definitely not Ronald McDonald", as Jack Doepke and David Hussey were the real current portrayers as Ronald throughout the time period Joe claimed he did.
In 1998, he was charged of carrying a weapon in the New Hanover County, N.C., McDonalds and the next year he was convicted in making harassing telephone calls posing as Ronald.
The judge ordered him to take anger management classes.
Robert Nesta "Bob" Marley (February 6, 1945 - May 11, 1981) was an important Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician in the 1970s and 1980s.
He made the style of reggae music very popular all over the world.
His music told stories of his home and the Rastafarian religion that he followed.
Some songs were about religion and some songs were about politics like Get Up Stand Up.
Bob Marley was born on February 6, 1945 in Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica to a black teenager, Cedella Booker, and a white man named Norvall Marley.
When he was young, his friends gave him the nickname, "Tuff Gong".
He started his music career in the 1960s with his group the Wailing Wailers (or simply the Wailers), that he formed with two friends, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer.
In 1962, Bob Marley and the Wailing Wailers recorded their first two songs called "Judge Not" and "One Cup of Coffee".
Bob married Rita Anderson in 1966 and she joined the group as a back-up singer.
One is Ziggy Marley, who is also a well-known reggae performer.
In 1974, the Wailers broke up because three of the band members wanted to pursue solo careers.
Marley continued calling his band Bob Marley and the Wailers and joined together with new members to continue playing music.
In 1975, Bob Marley had his first international hit called "No Woman No Cry".
In Jamaica, he is considered a folk hero.
Some other hits of his include "Three Little Birds", "Africa Unite", "Buffalo Soldier", and "One Love".
His most popular studio album was called Legend, which includes his greatest hits.
Bob Marley died on 11 May 1981, at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami, Florida, of melanoma.,
He was one of the followers of Rastafarianism
The Wailing Wailers (1965)
Soul Rebels (1970)
Soul Revolution (1971)
The Best of The Wailers (1971)
Catch a Fire (1973)
Burnin' (1973)
Natty Dread (1974)
Rastaman Vibration (1976)
Exodus (1977)
Kaya (1978)
Survival (1979)
Uprising (1980)
Confrontation (1983)
Live! (
Babylon by Bus (1978)
Cancer deaths in Florida
Deaths from melanoma
Jamaican singers
Reggae musicians
Jamaican businesspeople
Singers from Delaware
Businesspeople from Wilmington, Delaware
Musicians from Wilmington, Delaware
1945 births
1981 deaths
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (; ; born November 11, 1974) is an American actor, movie director, movie producer and writer.
He starred in every popular movies, including What's Eating Gilbert Grape, Romeo + Juliet, Titanic, The Man in the Iron Mask, The Beach, Catch Me if You Can, Gangs of New York, The Aviator, The Revenant and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood.
His first movie was Critters 3.
DiCaprio was born in Los Angeles.
His father, George, is of Italian and German descent, and his mother, Irmelin, is of German and Russian descent.
Nominated: Best Supporting Actor, What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1994)
Nominated: Best Actor,   The Aviator (2004)
Nominated: Best Actor, Blood Diamond (2006)
Nominated: Best Actor, The Wolf of Wall Street (2014)
Nominated: Best Actor, The Revenant (2016) (Pending)
Nominated: Best Actor, The Aviator (2005)
Nominated: Best Actor, The Departed (2007)
Nominated: Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture, What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1994)
Nominated: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, Titanic (1998)
Nominated: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, Catch Me If You Can (2003)
Won: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, The Aviator (2005)
Nominated: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, The Departed (2007)
Nominated: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, Blood Diamond (2007)
Nominated: Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama, Revolutionary Road (2008)
Nominated: Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama, J. Edgar (2011)
Nominated: Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture, Django Unchained (2012)
Won: Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, The Wolf of Wall Street (2014)
Won: Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama, The Revenant (2016)
OSCAR AWARD;
Best male actor, The Revenant (2016)
colspan="3" style="background-color: #DAA520;" | National Board of Review Award
colspan="3" style="background-color: #DAA520;" | Golden Globe Award
Leonardo DiCaprio Official Website
Leonardo DiCaprio Official Eco-site
Leonardo DiCaprio Official MySpace
Official DiCaprio Environmental Eleventh Hour film site
leonardo dicaprio biography
Movie producers from California
Movie directors from California
Best Actor Academy Award winners
John Candy (October 31, 1950 – March 4, 1994) was a Canadian actor.
He is known for his comic roles in many movies and television series.
Class of '44 (1973)
It Seemed Like a Good Idea at the Time (1975)
Tunnel Vision (1976)
The Clown Murders (1976)
Find the Lady (1976)
The Silent Partner (1978)
Lost and Found (1979)
Double Negative (1980)
Stripes (1981)
Heavy Metal (1981) (voice)
It Came From Hollywood (1982) (documentary)
National Lampoon's Vacation (1983)
Going Berserk (1983)
Splash (1984)
The Last Polka (1984)
Brewster's Millions (1985)
Sesame Street presents Follow That Bird (1985)
Summer Rental (1985)
Volunteers (1985)
Tears Are Not Enough (1985) (documentary)
Armed and Dangerous (1986)
Little Shop of Horrors (1986)
Spaceballs (1987)
Planes, Trains and Automobiles (1987)
She's Having a Baby (1988) (Cameo)
The Great Outdoors (1988)
Hot to Trot (1988) (voice only)
Who's Harry Crumb? (
1989) (also executive producer)
Speed Zone! (
1989)
Uncle Buck (1989)
Masters of Menace (1990) (Cameo)
Home Alone (1990)
The Rescuers Down Under (1990) (voice)
Career Opportunities (1991)
Only the Lonely (1991)
Delirious (1991)
Once Upon A Crime (1992)
Boris and Natasha: The Movie (1992)
Rookie of the Year (uncredited) (1993)
Hostage For A Day (1994)
Wagons East! (
The Magic 7 (archive footage) (2008)
JohnCandy.com - The home of everything John Candy
All Movie Guide entry for John Candy
Find-A-Grave profile for John Candy
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Mexico
Comedians from Ontario
Desert fox can also refer to the Fennec fox
In WWII, he commanded the German Army in North Africa in a long struggle against the British 8th Army.
He was finally defeated at El Alamein.
Later in the war, he commanded the German forces defending the French coast against the Allied Normandy invasion.
Rommel was well liked by the German public and respected by the Allies.
He was thought to be chivalrous and humane, when other German leaders were not.
His famous Afrikakorps was not accused of any war crimes.
Soldiers captured by his army were treated well and orders to kill captured Jewish soldiers and civilians were ignored.
Rommel knew of the plan by senior officers to assassinate Hitler in 1944.
When it failed, all concerned were tortured and executed.
Hitler offered him the choice of suicide or court-martial, and he committed suicide.
His death was announced as the death of a hero in battle.
Rommel was born in Heidenheim, Germany, 45 kilometers (28 mi) from Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg which was then part of the German Empire, on November 15, 1891.
He was baptised on 17 November 1891.
His father, Erwin Rommel (18601913) was a math teacher, and later a secondary school headmaster at Aalen.
His mother was Helene von Lutz, the daughter of a local government official.
Rommel was the second of four children; Karl, Gerhard, and Helene.
Rommel wrote that his "early years passed very happily."
At the age of 14, Rommel and a friend built a full-scale glider that was able to fly short distances.
Young Erwin thought about being an engineer, and he showed a talent with technical work; however, because of his father, young Rommel joined the local 124th Württemberg Infantry Regiment as an officer cadet in 1910 and, shortly after, was sent to the Officer Cadet School in Danzig.
He graduated on 15 November 1911, and was a lieutenant in January 1912.
While at Cadet School, early in 1911, Erwin Rommel had met his future wife, 17-year-old Lucia Maria Mollin (also called Lucie) (b. 6 June 1894 in Danzig; d. 26 September 1971 in Stuttgart).
They married on November 27, 1916, in Danzig, and on December 24, 1928 had a son, Manfred, who would later become the mayor of Stuttgart.
Manfred died in 2013.
After having met Lucie, some historians think that Rommel also had an affair with a woman called Walburga Stemmer in 1913, and they had a daughter named Gertrud.
In World War I, Rommel fought in France, as well as in Romania and Italy, first as a member of the 6th Württemberg Infantry Regiment, and then in the Württemberg Mountain Battalion of the Alpenkorps.
While serving with that unit, he gained a reputation for making quick tactical decisions and taking advantage of enemy confusion.
He was wounded three times and awarded the Iron Cross; First and Second Class.
Rommel also received Prussia's highest medal, the Pour le Mérite after fighting in the mountains of west Slovenia, in Battles of the Isonzo–Soca front.
The award came as a result of the Battle of Longarone, and the capture of Mount Matajur, Slovenia, and its defenders, numbering 150 Italian officers, 9,000 men, and 81 pieces of artillery.
His battalion used gas during the battles of the Isonzo and also played a key role in the victory of the Central Powers over the Italian army at the Battle of Caporetto.
While fighting at Isonzo, Rommel was taken prisoner by the Italians.
He escaped, and because he spoke Italian, he was back to the German lines within two weeks.
Later, when the German and Italian armies were allied during the Second World War, Rommel realised that their lack of success in battle was due to poor leadership and equipment, which when fixed, easily made them equal to German forces.
Rommel was a commander of the Führerbegleithauptquartier (Führer escort headquarters) during the Poland campaign, often moving up close to the front in the Führersonderzug train, seeing much of Hitler.
After the Polish defeat, Rommel returned to Berlin to organize the Führer's victory parade, taking part himself as a member of Hitler's entourage.
During the Polish campaign, Rommel was asked to help one of his wife's relatives, a Polish priest who had been arrested.
When Rommel asked the Gestapo for information, the Gestapo found no information about the man's existence.
France 1940
Rommel asked Hitler for command of a panzer division.
On 6 February 1940, three months before the invasion of France, Rommel was given command of the 7th Panzer Division, for "Fall Gelb" ("Case Yellow"), the invasion of France and the Low Countries.
Some other officers did not agree with his promotion.
Rommel's initial request for command had been rejected by the Chief of Army Personnel, who cited his lack of previous experience with armoured units and his extensive prior experience in an Alpine unit made him a more suitable candidate to assume command of a mountain division that had recent need to fill its commanding-officer post.
Rommel had, however, emphasized the use of mobile infantry and recognized the great usefulness of armoured forces in the Poland campaign.
He set about learning and developing the techniques of armoured warfare with great enthusiasm.
The decision to place him in command of an armoured division was borne out to be an excellent one.
In May, 1940 his 7th Panzer Division became known as the "Ghost Division" because its rapid advances and fast-paced attacks often placed them so far forward that they were frequently out of communication with the rest of the German army.
North Africa 1941–1943
Rommel's reward for his success was to be promoted and appointed commander of the 5th Light Division (later reorganised and redesignated 21.Panzer-Division) and of the 15.Panzer-Division which, as the Deutsches Afrikakorps,() were sent to Libya in early 1941 in Operation Sonnenblume to aid the Italian troops which had suffered a heavy defeat from British Commonwealth forces in Operation Compass.
It was in Africa where Rommel achieved his greatest fame as a commander.
Rommel was well known not only by the German people but also by his enemies.
Stories of his chivalry and tactical ability earned him the respect of many opponents, including Claude Auchinleck, Winston Churchill, George S. Patton, Hugh Dowding, and Bernard Montgomery (who named a dog after him).
Rommel was also respectful of his enemies.
Hitler considered Rommel among his favorite generals.
The Afrika Korps was never accused of any war crimes, and Rommel himself referred to the fighting in North Africa as Krieg ohne Hass — war without hate.
Numerous examples exist of this such as his refusal to carry out an order from Hitler to execute Jewish prisoners.
During Rommel's time in France, Hitler ordered him to deport the Jews in France; Rommel did not.
Several times he wrote letters protesting the treatment of the Jews.
When British Major Geoffrey Keyes was killed during a failed commando raid to kill or capture Rommel behind German lines, Rommel ordered him buried with full military honours.
Also, during the construction of the Atlantic Wall, Rommel directed that French workers were not to be used as slaves but were to be paid for their labour.
Rommel was not one of the group who planned the attempt on Hitler's life.
Actually, he was not in favour of assassinating Hitler.
Rommel believed an assassination attempt could spark civil war in Germany and Austria, and Hitler would have become a martyr for a lasting cause.
Instead, Rommel insisted that Hitler be arrested and brought to trial for his crimes.
Later, though, Rommel made up his mind to support the plot.
After the failed bomb attack of 20 July 1944, many conspirators were arrested.
Rommel was perturbed at this development.
It did not take long for his involvement to come to light.
Under Gestapo torture, one of that group revealed the names of several higher army officers who were consulted beforehand.
Rommel was one of those.
Even more damningly, Carl Goerdeler, the main civilian leader of the Resistance, wrote on several letters and other documents that Rommel was a potential supporter and an acceptable military leader to be placed in a position of responsibility should their coup succeed.
Nazi party officials in France reported that Rommel extensively and scornfully criticised Nazi incompetence and crimes.
That sealed his fate.
The release of the movie The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951) helped his reputation as one of the most widely known and well-regarded leaders in the German Army.
Field Marshal Erwin Rommel death mask
1891 births
1944 deaths
German generals of World War II
People from Baden-Württemberg
Suicides in Germany
Victims of Nazism
'Fermentation' also describes growing microorganisms on a growth medium.
This is done to get a chemical product.
French microbiologist Louis Pasteur studied fermentation and its microbial causes.
The science of fermentation is known as zymology.
Yeast is an organism that ferments.
When yeast ferments sugar, the yeast uses sugar and produces alcohol.
The process uses the coenzyme NAD: In metabolism, NAD helps redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another.
Fermentation is a less efficient form of respiration than oxidative respiration (respiration using oxygen).
The ethyl alcohol produced by yeast is used to make beverages or biofuel.
Yeast can be also used to grow bakery products like bread and cakes faster.
In some cases yeast might be used to speed up the process of creation of wine.
Other cells make vinegar or lactic acid when they ferment sugar.
In a different way, the fermentation process can continue and turn the alcohol into vinegar i.e. acetic acid.
Types of fermentation
When yeast ferments, it breaks down the glucose (C6H12O6) into ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Ethanol fermentation always produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.
It is important in bread-making, brewing, and wine-making.
Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid.
It happens in muscles of animals when they need lots of energy fast.
The pain of a cramped muscle is caused by the build-up of lactic acid.
The pain eases as the product is taken away by the blood supply.
Fermentation (biochemistry) -Citizendium
A flower is the reproductive part of flowering plants.
Flowers are also called the bloom or blossom of a plant.
Flowers have petals.
Inside the part of the flower that has petals are the parts which produce pollen and seeds.
In all plants, a flower is usually its most colourful part.
We say the plant 'flowers', 'is flowering' or 'is in flower' when this colourful part begins to grow bigger and open out.
There are many different kinds of flowers in different areas in the world.
Even in the coldest places, for example the Arctic, flowers can grow during a few months.
Structure of flowers
To investigate the structure of a flower, it must be dissected, and its structure summarised by a floral diagram or a floral formula.
Then its family can be identified with the aid of a flora, which is a book designed to help you identify plants.
Four basic parts
The perianth, the vegetative parts
The calyx: the outermost whorl consisting of units called sepals.
These are often green and enclose the rest of the flower in the bud.
They may be absent, or they may be petal-like in some species
The corolla: the petals, usually thin, soft and often colored to attract animals that help pollination
The reproductive parts
The androecium, the male part, is the stamens
The gynoecium, the female parts
Although this arrangement is typical, plant species show a wide variation in floral structure.
The modifications produced in the evolution of flowering plants are used by botanists to find relationships among plant species.
Flowers are an important evolutionary advance made by flowering plants.
Some flowers are dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species.
Their pollen grains are light-weight.
Many others rely on insects or birds to move pollen.
Their pollen grains are heavier.
The role of flowers is to produce seeds, which are inside fruit.
Fruits and seeds are a means of dispersal.
Plants do not move, but wind, animals and birds spread the plants across the landscape.
Since the ovules are protected by carpels, it takes something special for fertilisation to happen.
Angiosperms have pollen grains made of just three cells.
One cell is drills down through the integuments, and makes a passage for the two sperm cells to flow down.
The megagametophyte is a tiny haploid female plant which includes the egg.
It has just seven cells.
Of these, one is the egg cell; it fuses with a sperm cell, forming the zygote.
Another cell joins with the other sperm, and forms a nutrient-rich endosperm.
The other cells take auxiliary roles.
This process of "double fertilisation" is unique and common to all angiosperms.
Evolution of flowers
Flowers are modified leaves.
They are only present in flowering plants (angiosperms), which are relatively late to appear in the fossil record.
Early fossils of flowers and flowering plants are known from 130 million years ago, in the Lower Cretaceous.
However, flowers had a much longer history, the extent of which is not yet fully known.
There were flowers from the early Jurassic, 50 million years earlier than was previously thought.
The flowering plants were thought to have evolved from within the gymnosperms.
However, the known gymnosperms are a clade which is distinct from the angiosperms.
Apparently, the two clades diverged (split) some 300 million years ago.
That is about the boundary of the Carboniferous period with the Permian period.
Uses of flowers
As decoration
Flowers have long been admired and used by humans.
Most people think that flowers are beautiful.
Many people also love flowers for their fragrances (scents).
People enjoy seeing flowers growing in gardens.
People also enjoy growing flowers in their backyards, outside their homes.
People often wear flowers on their clothes or give flowers as a gift during special occasions, holidays, or rituals, such as the birth of a new baby (or a Christening), at weddings (marriages), at funerals (when a person dies).
People often buy flowers from businesses called florists.
As a name
Some parents name their girl children after a flower.
Some common flower names are: Rose, Lily, Daisy, Holly, Hyacinth, Jasmine, Blossom.
People eat some types of flowers.
Flower vegetables include broccoli, cauliflower and artichoke.
The most expensive spice, saffron, comes from the crocus flower.
Other flower spices are cloves and capers.
Hops flowers are used to flavor beer.
Dandelion can be made into wine.
Honey is flower nectar that has been collected and processed by bees.
Honey is often named by the type of flower that the bees are using (for example, clover honey).
Some people put flowers from nasturtiums, chrysanthemums, or carnations in their food.
Flowers can also be made into tea.
Dried flowers, such as chrysanthemum, rose, and jasmine, can be used to make tea.
Special meanings
Flowers were used to signal meanings in the time when social meetings between men and women was difficult.
Lilies made people think of life.
Red roses made people think of love, beauty, and passion.
In Britain, Australia and Canada, poppies are worn on special holidays as a mark of respect for those who served and died in wars.
Daisies made people think of children and innocence.
Common flowers
Flower Citizendium
Flowers names in Hindi and English
World War II started in this year.
May 15 – Nazi Germany opens Ravensbruück concentration camp, the largest Nazi concentration camp for women
September 1 – The Second World War begins when Nazi Germany invades Poland
September 17 – The Soviet Union invades Poland
October 6 – Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union divide and take over Poland
November 30 – The Winter War begins
February 6 – Mike Farrell
February 14 – John Conn (Scottish-Australian writer)
March 13 - Neil Sedaka, American singer-songwriter and musician (The Tokens)
April 2 – Marvin Gaye
July 1 - Karen Black (d. 2013)
July 30 - Peter Bogdanovich
August 3 – Wes Craven
August 19 - Ginger Baker, English drummer (Cream) (d. 2019)
September 5 – George Lazenby
September 18 – Frankie Avalon
October 27 – John Cleese
November 13 – Will Ryan (American actor)
September - Khan Sahib Abdul Majid Khan Tarin, OBE,  British Indian judge and legislator (b. 1877)
November 12 -Norman Bethune
Goodbye, Mr. Chips (Best Picture Academy Award)
Finnegans Wake by James Joyce
"Somewhere Over The Rainbow" – by E.Y. Harburg and Harold Arlen, from the movieThe Wizard of Oz; won the Academy Award for the best song.
A square kilometer (sometimes written km²) is based on the SI unit of measurement of area, the square meter.
It is the area inside a square that has each side equal to 1 kilometer (1000 meters).
This way of talking about area is often used to say how much land there is, on a farm or in a city, for example.
Units of area
The way to become a judge depends on each country.
In some countries, judges must work with the law (often as a lawyer) for a number of years before they can "sit as a judge" in a courthouse.
Judges are supposed to conduct the trial in an open courtroom and impartially.
Juries are used in many English speaking countries, but not for all cases.
The modern jury trial first developed in mid-12th century England during the reign of Henry II.
Today, the details differ between one country and another.
If there is a jury, the judge has the job of making sure the person taken to court is treated in a fair way.
Some courts will have more than one judge.
For important decisions about the laws of a country, countries may have a supreme court or high court with many (nine or more) judges in it.
In the United States, judges on a supreme court are called justices and are led by a Chief Justice.
In many countries, judges wear special clothes while being in court.
Often this is a black robe or cloak.
Supreme or High Court judges often wear a red cloak.
Judges in some countries also wear a special long wig.
They also used to put a piece of black material on their head when they sentenced a person to die.
Law occupations
In criminal law, a person is guilty if a court has decided they have done something illegal.
If a person has broken a law by stealing, for example, they are guilty of a crime.
A person is guilty if a court says they are.
The court has blamed them for doing something wrong.
A guilty person is punished.
The punishment is called the sentence.
Length is a measurement.
A ruler can measure length.
The length of something is the distance between two ends of the thing.
Short means a small length.
Long means much length.
Short and long are opposites.
For two dimensional things, length is usually the longer side.
A line has one size measurement.
This one measurement is the length.
A circle has diameter, the length across, and circumference, the length around.
A rectangle has two measurements that show its size.
These two measurements are the length and the width of the rectangle.
The length and width of a square are the same.
A box has three measurements that show its size.
These three measurements are the length, the width and the depth or height of the box.
Distance Examples
The distance from the front of the bus to the back of the bus is 30 meters.
The bus is 30 meters in length.
A piece of wood is 10 meters X 10 cm X 15 cm.
The piece of wood is 10 meters in length, 10 cm in breadth and 15 cm in height.
Length of Time
Time Example
John sits down at one o'clock, or 1h.
John waits until three o'clock, or 3h.
John stands up at three o'clock, or 3h.
John was sitting for 2 hours.
The length of time John was sitting was two hours.
de:Längenmaß
The weight of an object (or the weight of an amount of matter) is the measure of the intensity of the force imposed on this object by the local  gravitational field.
Weight should not be confused with the related but quite different concept of mass.
For small objects on Earth, the weight force is directed towards the center of the planet.
For larger objects, such as the Moon orbiting around the Earth, the force is directed towards the center of mass of the combined system.
In common language, the weight of something is typically understood to be the value measured at or near the Earth's surface.
Unfortunately the common terms used to describe the weight of an object are units of mass such as kilograms or pounds.
For almost all of human history, weight has been measured on the surface of the Earth.
Here, the weight is proportional to the mass.
Objects which have the same mass have the same weight.
An object with the twice the mass of another will also have twice the weight.
As a consequence it is common practice to use the two words, mass and weight, as if they mean the same thing and to use kilograms and pounds as the units for both mass and weight.
Using the same terms to describe and measure the two different properties has led to confusion between these two properties, mass and weight.
Mass and weight are not the same thing.
Units of weight
Measuring weight
The weight of an object, or of an amount of matter, is typically measured with an instrument such as a spring scale.
The scale includes a spring which provides a force to oppose the gravitational force on the object which is being weighed.
The gravitational force pulls down, the spring pushes or pulls upwards.
Typically, the scale has a readout which gives not the weight (which is a force) but rather the mass of the object.
Spring scales are made with the assumption that they are being used on the surface of the Earth.
If a spring scale was taken to the Moon it would give a misleading reading.
Weight is variable
Since the Earth's attraction decreases as the square of the distance to its center, the weight of an object is slightly smaller at high altitude (e.g., at the top of a mountain) than at sea level, or at the equator than at the poles (because the Earth is slightly bulging).
An arbitrary object on Earth is also attracted by all other celestial bodies, such as the Moon, for instance.
Hence, its weight will be less with the Moon overhead than with the Moon on the other side of the Earth.
Weight is not defined exclusively to Earth: An astronaut weighs 6 times less on the surface of the Moon than on the surface of the Earth.
Weightlessness is an apparent condition experienced by astronauts or satellites in orbit around a planet.
In reality their weight (gravitational pull) is the force that keeps them in orbit.
Objects in orbit travel with very high speed.
For satellites orbiting 300 - 500 kilometres above the Earth this speed is about 27,000 kph.
Without the gravitational pull of the Earth they would fly off in a straight line.
The gravitational pull keeps them falling towards the planet.
The combination of high sideways velocity and constant pull toward the centre of the Earth bends their path so they stay in orbit.
Difference between Weight and Mass
vi:Tương tác hấp dẫn#Trọng lực
The truth is what is true.
It may be everything that is true (reality) or just a part of it (a fact).
It may also be a statement that is true: a truth.
Things or statements that are not true are untrue or false.
True things exist (or have existed); false things do not (or never have).
Aristotle said: "To say of what is that it is not, or of what is not that it is, is false, while to say of what is that it is, and of what is not that it is not, is true."
However, a statement may be about how things once were; this would be a true statement if it is clear that it is not a statement about how things are now.
Most often, the tense of the verb will indicate this, but there may be other ways in which the statement is qualified: for example, by saying when the statement was true.
Truth is a noun, and the corresponding adjective is true.
The word true also functions as a noun, a verb and an adverb.
The English word truth is from Old English tríewþ, tréowþ, trýwþ, Middle English trewþe.
How to find out whether a statement (a proposition or claim) is true
How to find the truth when presented with a particular question or problem
It is a truth (true) that a dog is an animal.
It is untrue (or false) that a dog is a plant.
It is a truth that dodos were found on Mauritius (although not throughout the past).
It is not true that dodos exist.
It has never been true that unicorns exist, so it has always been true that unicorns do not exist.
Something untrue is false.
A half truth is something true mixed with something false, or something partly true with key information omitted.
If the things one says are true, then they are speaking the truth, or speaking truly.
Saying something that is untrue can be called a lie, if the person who is saying it knows it is untrue.
A person who says something untrue is often called a "liar".
True and false in logic and philosophy
Pontius Pilate (John, 18.38)
True is also one of the two basic values of logic.
The other such value is usually called false.
In symbols, true is written as , T or 1.
Aristotle was the first to put logic into a formal framework.
His version is called propositional logic (see also syllogism and deductive reasoning).
Other forms of logic use types of mathematics (mathematical logic) or symbols.
Boolean algebra is about things being true and false.
The Republic of Zimbabwe is a country in the southern part of the continent of Africa.
Its capital city is Harare.
Zimbabwe is surrounded by other countries, and so it has no coast on the sea.
This type of country is called landlocked.
The countries that surround Zimbabwe are Zambia, Botswana, South Africa and Mozambique.
Vegetation (Fauna and Flora)
The country is mostly savanna.
In the east it is moist and mountainous with tropical evergreen and hardwood forests.
Trees include teak and mahogany, knobthorn, msasa and baobab.
Among the many flowers and shrubs are hibiscus, spider lily, leonotus, cassia, tree wisteria and dombeya.
There are around 350 species of mammals in Zimbabwe.
There are also many snakes and lizards, over 500 bird species, and 131 fish species.
The area that is now Zimbabwe was added to the British Empire around 1890.
Zimbabwe is also known by its old name of Rhodesia.
In 1965, it became an independent country when Prime Minister Ian Smith announced the Unilateral Declaration of Independence(U.D.I).
The government was mostly controlled by the white population, similar to South Africa at the time.
African citizens were given full equality in 1980, and the country's name was officially changed to Zimbabwe.
Robert Mugabe led the country as the Prime Minister and President for 37 years.
Though Mugabe was elected fairly at first, he became a dictator, and had put in place a number of cruel and disastrous laws.
On November 21, 2017, Mugabe resigned as President of Zimbabwe.
Zimbabwe uses the currencies of several other countries.
The government uses the United States dollar.
The economy is currently in a bad situation.
Foreign currency reserves are at very low levels, and the Zimbabwean Dollar has become very devalued.
Just recently, three zeroes were taken off the Zimbabwean dollar (for example, $1,000,000 (one million dollars) would become $1000 (one thousand dollars)).
Many observers link this to Mugabe's controversial Land Reform programme.
Agriculture: Most people in Zimbabwe work in the field of agriculture: cattle, poultry, pigs, vegetables, millet, sorghum, maize, rice, cassava, tea, coffee, groundnuts, cotton, wheat, sugar cane, timber.
Mining: Copper, silver, tin, coal, nickel, cobalt, gold, iron ore, asbestos, chrome.
Manufacturing: Iron, steel, food processing, textiles, brewing, wood, furniture, tobacco.
Other: Tourism centring on the Victoria Falls and the game parks
2017 coup d'état
On November 15, 2017, President Robert Mugabe was placed under house arrest as Zimbabwe's military took control in a coup.
On November 21, 2017, Mugabe resigned the Presidency.
Football is the most popular sport in Zimbabwe.
Rugby union and cricket are also popular.
Zimbabwe has won eight Olympic medals.