the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Because he was a child he was not allowed to control the government until he was declared of age on his sixteenth birthday in 1437, the same year his mother died.
Henry's marriage to Margaret of Anjou
Because of his success in the Hundred Years' War, Henry V had left England with a lot of land in France.
Since Henry VI was still a child, and England was ruled by a Regent, much of the land his father gained was lost.
Diplomatic mistakes as well as military failures caused the loss of most of the English land in France.
Henry VI was a deeply spiritual man and was not very interested in politics.
He let his court be controlled by a few noblemen who were called his "favourites".
The people who wanted to end the war in France became more powerful, and Henry went along with them.
Henry VI was told that the best way of get peace with France was to marry Margaret of Anjou, who was a niece of King Charles VII of France.
Charles agreed to let Henry marry Margaret as long as he did not have to give her a dowry and was given the lands of Maine and Anjou by the English.
Henry agreed, but did not let Parliament know about giving away Maine and Anjou, thinking that the English people would not be happy to know that the land was being given away to France.
The marriage happened in 1445.
Margaret was much the opposite of Henry.
She was ready to take decisions and lead while he was happy to be led by her.
Margaret was a stronger ruler than Henry ever was, even though she was only sixteen at that time.
Henry VI was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he was murdered on 21 May 1471.
Popular legend said that Richard, Duke of Gloucester was guilty of his murder, as well as the murder of Henry VI's son Edward of Westminster.
King Henry VI was originally buried in Chertsey Abbey.
In 1485, his body was moved to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
1421 births
1471 deaths
Saint-Fons is a French city next to Lyon.
About 15.000 people live there.
The name of the city does not come from a saint.
It is because there are many fountains near the city.
Originally the place name was Cent Fonts ( 100 sources), which was changed into the current city name.
The city split from Vénissieux in the middle of the 19th century.
The main reason for splitting was because of the chemical industry in the spot.
Incidental music is music which has been written for a play.
It is not like opera where there is usually music all the way through.
Incidental music will be used between scenes or for particularly important moments in the play or for songs sung by the actors.
It is called “incidental” because the music is not as important as the play.
Incidental music was used as long ago as the time of Ancient Greece.
It was used in the 16th and 17th centuries, especially in the plays of Shakespeare whose characters often sing songs.
At this time incidental music was used more often for comedies than for tragedies.
Tragedies were about important people who were busy ruling their country and having wars.
In the plays they spoke in verse and were too noble to sing.
People thought that comedies were more suitable for including music.
The songs were often sung by actors playing the parts of shepherds, nymphs or clowns.
In later centuries music was used for all types of serious drama.
Sometimes large orchestras were used.
Many famous composers wrote music to be played by an orchestra during plays.
A famous example is the incidental music for Shakespeare’s “A Midsummer Night's Dream” composed by Felix Mendelssohn in 1842.
Other composers worked with living poets such as Goethe and Schiller.
Beethoven wrote music for Goethe’s play Egmont.
This music is very closely linked to what happens in the story: the overture describes the harshness of the Spanish oppression of the Netherlands which is what the play is about.
Schubert’s famous Rosamunde overture comes from a play called Die Zauberharfe (The Magic Harp).
Schumann’s music for Manfred is different: it was never intended to be performed with the play, it was just inspired by Schumann’s imagination.
Many other composers wrote incidental music, e.g. Sibelius (for Maeterlinck’s play Pelléas et Mélisande) and Grieg (for Ibsen’s play Peer Gynt).
In all these examples the music is now usually heard at concerts, not as part of the original play.
Most of them have overtures (music played before the play starts) and these overtures are often performed separately, very often at the start of concerts.
Incidental music was not used so much during the 20th century although the plays of Brecht, which are often about political propaganda, needed a new kind of popular music.
Brecht worked with composers like Weill and Eisler who understood the kind of message that he wanted in his plays.
Their music for Brecht’s plays is similar to cabaret music.
A kayak is a small boat that is driven by manpower.
It typically has a covered deck, and a cockpit covered by a spraydeck.
It is propelled by a double-bladed paddle by a sitting paddler.
The kayak was used by the native Ainu, Inuit,  Aleut and Eskimo hunters in sub-Arctic regions of northeastern Asia, North America and Greenland.
Modern kayaks come in a wide variety of designs and materials for specialized purposes.
Kayaks typically are built for one, two or occasionally three paddlers who sit facing forward in one or more cockpits below the deck of the boat.
The spray skirt or similar waterproof garment attaches securely to the edges of the cockpit, so that no water from waves or spray may enter the boat.
Therefore, in most styles the boat can roll upright again without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler.
Kayaks differ distinctly in design and history from canoes, which are craft propelled by single-bladed paddles by a kneeling paddler, although some modern canoes may be difficult for a non-expert to distinguish from a kayak.
Kayaks are often called canoes in Great Britain and Ireland.
USA Canoe and Kayak The National Governing Body of Kayaking in the USA
WaveTalk.com  A collection of articles about traditional and modern kayak design, ergonomics and biomechanics of kayaking and various kayak applications.
Kayak design A series of articles about kayak and paddle design.
The Kayaking Journal
Qajaq USA, A non-profit committed to promoting Greenland style kayaking
British Canoe Union The National Governing Body of Kayaking in the UK
Wikipaddle  - kayak and canoe wiki - focus is on places to paddle.
KayakWiki  - A wiki focused primarily on kayak techniques and construction
International Human Powered Vehicle Association website - information on peddle kayaks
A canoe is a small boat, that is often driven by manpower or womanpower, but also commonly sailed.
Canoes are pointed at both ends and usually open on top, but can be covered.
Canoes are known as "Paddle boats" in some small towns in the south of Australia.
The use of a paddle or "salvatore" is used to propel the vehicle.
The most famous of rowers include the Szwedo of Luke in which he was the first man to complete 4 laps the woodend river in less than 3 days, beating the record of 4 laps in 4 days.
The canoe is propelled by the use of paddles, with the number of paddlers depending on the size of the canoe (most commonly 2).
Paddlers face in the direction of travel, either seated or kneeling.
In this way paddling a canoe can be contrasted with rowing, where the rowers face away from the direction of travel.
Paddles may be single-bladed or double-bladed.
International Canoe Federation Homepage
Canadian Canoe Museum
Wooden Canoe Heritage Association
Paddles commonly used in canoes consist of a wooden, fibreglass or metal rod (the shaft) with a handle on one end and a rigid sheet (the blade) on the other end.
Paddles for use in kayaks are longer, with a blade on each end, and usually no handles.
The Mahdi or Mehdi ('the rightly-guided one') is Islam's messiah or savior.
It is said that he and the Prophet Jesus will change the world for the better, bringing God in all hearts, before Yaum al-Qiyamah (Day of the Resurrection).
In particular, the Sudanese tribal leader Muhammed Ahmed proclaimed himself as the Mahdi, appointed by Allah to free his country.
He defeated the forces of the Khedive of Egypt and the British, only to die suddenly six months later.
Who are Mahdavis?
The Promised Mehdi
Syed Mohammad AlMahdi AlMow'ood
For water propulsion pole, paddle, oar and sail have been used.
Nowadays the most common types are underwater propellers.
Sails are still common, and historically represented the most important form of early propulsion for large ships.
For air propulsion, the most common types are propeller and jet engine.
Others have been used experimentally.
An oar is a tool used to move a boat through water.
Oars have a flat blade at one end.
The oarsmen grasp the oar at the other end.
The difference between oars and paddles is that paddles are held by the paddler, and are not connected with the vessel.
Oars generally are fastened to the vessel.
The use of oars is called rowing.
An oar used at the stern (rear) of a boat to steer is called a steering oar.
Drama is a type of literature.
A drama can be in the form of a novel, television show, movie, play or dance.
Although drama is a Greek word meaning "action", most dramas focus more on the relationships between people than on the actions.
Dramas usually have a serious feel to them.
Drama is considered the opposite of comedy, but drama and comedy can be used at the same time.
Drama is full of sensational action, dialogue, incidents etc.
Ribes is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants.
They are native throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
It is the only genus in the family Grossulariaceae.
Seven subgenera are recognized.
Sometimes Ribes is instead put in the family Saxifragaceae.
A few taxonomists place the gooseberry species in a separate genus of Grossularia.
The genus Ribes includes the edible currants (blackcurrant, redcurrant, white currant), gooseberry, and several hybrid varieties.
It should not be confused with the dried currant used in cakes and puddings, which is a cultivar of small grape (Zante currant).
The genus also includes the group of ornamental plants collectively known as the flowering currants, for instance R. sanguineum.
The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails.
Larger ships have several masts, with the size depending on the style of ship.
Until the 20th century, a ship's masts would be wooden spars, originally constructed from a single straight tree trunk.
As ship sizes increased, taller masts were constructed by lashing up to three spars together.
http://www.bluewatersailing.com/shipclass.php
http://www.hms-trincomalee.co.uk/virtual/rigging/sails.htm
http://tallships.sailtraining.org/sailrigs.htm
http://boatdesign.net/articles/mast-materials/
Glossary of Nautical terms, sailing and boat parts
Juan Manuel Fangio (June 24, 1911 - July 17, 1995) was a race car driver.
He won the Formula One drivers' championship five times, in the years 1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, and 1957.
Argentine sportspeople
The trunk is the main stem or "main woody axis of a tree".
In the lumber trade a severed trunk is a log.
In botany it means the main structural member of a tree that is directly connected to the roots and which supports the branches.
The trunk is also often called the bole.
The trunk is covered by the bark, which protects the tree against damage and often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top, depending on the species.
The trunk, or bole, is the most important part of the tree for timber production.
The tree trunk can be separated into five different layers: the heartwood, the sapwood, the vascular cambium, the inner bark, and the outer bark.
10 Major Differences between Stem and Trunk | Core Differences
Inside a tree trunk  from University of the Western Cape
Zizhiphus is a type of tree that grows fruit.
The species Z. mauritianis is known as the Indian jujube, and the species Ziziphus jujuba is known as the red date.
They are mostly found in Asia.
The cayenne pepper is a type of chili pepper.
It is very hot and is used as a spice.
Cayenne pepper is the basis for the hot sauce known as Tabasco, as well as being an ingredient in many other commercially made hot sauces, such as Frank's Red Hot and Cholula.
It can also be used in a dried powder form.
The Chilli King - Advice on growing and cooking with chillies
PepperCenter.com Your Complete Chili Pepper Community
Tsaagan meaning "white" is a dinosaur related to Velociraptor.
It is in the family Dromaeosauridae.
It lived in Asia about 75 million years ago.
It was discovered in the Djadokhta Formation of the late Cretaceous of Mongolia.
When it was discovered, it was thought to be a species of Velociraptor.
After a CAT-scan in 1998, scientists found  that it represented a new genus.
In 2010 it was discovered that it was closely related to Linheraptor.
They are probably in the same genus.
Edward II (April 25, 1284–1327) of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until he was removed from the throne in January 1327.
His tendency to ignore his nobility, in favour of low-born favorites, led to political trouble and eventually to his removal from the throne.
He is most remembered for a story about his alleged murder, which was linked to his reliance on the corrupt family of Hugh le Despenser, which has been seen by some as evidence of his homosexuality.
1284 births
1327 deaths
Richard III (1452–1485) was an English king.
He reigned from 1483 until 1485, as the last king from the House of Plantagenet.
Richard was part of the House of York during the Wars of the Roses.
He was the younger brother of King Edward IV.
When Edward IV died, his 12-year-old son became King Edward V. Richard was given the role of "Protector", meaning he would run the country until Edward V became an adult.
But Richard III took the throne for himself.
Soon after, Edward V and his younger brother disappeared while living in the Tower of London.
Many people started saying that Richard had ordered for the boys to be killed.
Historians are not sure about this.
Many of the House of York's supporters believed he had done it, and turned against him.
He managed to put down a rebellion by his old friend the Duke of Buckingham, but faced another rebellion by Henry Tudor.
This led to the Battle of Bosworth Field, in which Richard was killed and his army was lost.
His body was buried quickly in a church in Leicester.
In 2012, the body was rediscovered beneath a car park.
It was reburied in Leicester Cathedral in 2015.
For many years, Richard III was seen as a villain.
The Tudor kings and queens encouraged this, as did Shakespeare's famous play Richard III.
Almost all writers at the time saw him as either a hero or a villain.
In both the past and the present, some writers say that Richard III made many good laws despite being ruthless.
Others argue that his ruthless behaviour was common for the powerful people of that time.
Richard was the youngest son of Richard, Duke of York.
He had three elder brothers, Edward, Edmund and George.
Richard, Duke of York, and his second son, Edmund, were both killed in battle during the Wars of the Roses.
The eldest son, Edward, was a very good soldier, and won the throne of England in battle against the reigning king, King Henry VI.
Edward then became King Edward IV of England and his two brothers, George and Richard, became very powerful men.
Richard married Anne Neville, whose father had once been a friend of the family.
Richard and Anne had known each other since they were children, but Anne had been taken to France, where she had married the Prince of Wales, the son of Henry VI.
When the Prince of Wales was killed in battle, Anne became a widow, and soon she was married to Richard, even though he had been her husband's enemy.
Richard and Anne lived at Middleham Castle in North Yorkshire.
They had one son, who was named Edward after Richard's brother, King Edward.
Richard quarrelled frequently with his brother George, who was married to Anne's sister, Isabel.
King Edward became so angry that he put George in prison, where he died.
King Edward married a woman called Elizabeth Woodville, who had been married before and had many relatives.
Soon, her relatives became very rich and powerful, causing bad feeling among those who had been in the king's favour before the marriage.
Edward and Elizabeth had several children, including two sons, who were named Edward and Richard.
When Edward IV suddenly died in April 1484, his elder son became King Edward V, but he was still a boy.
Richard had been asked by his brother the king to look after the two boys.
He was worried that the new young king would not be able to rule the country properly.
He was also worried that the Woodville family would soon be telling the king what to do and ruling the country for themselves.
Richard the King
Richard took the throne from his nephew two months later.
He claimed that Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville was not a proper marriage, and that this meant Edward V could not be king.
Parliament then passed a law that agreed with this.
He was crowned as Richard III on 6 July 1483.
Richard sent Edward and his brother to live in the Tower of London.
A few months later, the princes in the tower disappeared and were never seen again.
This became the mystery of the Princes in the Tower.
At the time, many people believed that King Richard had ordered someone to kill them.
Many historians agree, but there is no way to be certain.
Richard was not in London at the time, but the boys were guarded by men who were loyal to him.
As people started to believe that Richard had ordered the boys to be killed, many people turned against him.
One of them was Richard's friend the Duke of Buckingham, who started a rebellion that failed.
Henry Tudor, a distant relative of the House of Lancaster, then became Richard's main enemy.
He returned to England and raised an army.
Richard and Henry's armies fought each other at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.
Henry won the battle and became the next King of England, as Henry VII.
Richard was killed in the battle, though probably not by Henry himself.
He was the last English king to die in battle.
He suffered two head wounds that would have killed him almost immediately.
After the battle, his body was stripped of clothing and carried naked on the back of a horse to Leicester.
He was buried in Greyfriars Church.
Rediscovery and reburial of the body
Greyfriars church was later demolished and the site became part of the garden of a large house.
For about 200 years, a stone pillar marked the site of the grave.
This had disappeared by 1844.
Other buildings were added to the site over the years.
By 1944, the area around the grave had become a car park for the nearby council offices.
For a while, people thought that the body had been thrown into the river.
There is a sign by the Bow Bridge in Leicester that tells this story, but it was not true.
In 2012, archaeologists began a project to try to find the body.
On 24 August 2012, they started digging in the car park and found a skeleton on the first day.
On 12 September, they suggested that the skeleton was that of Richard III.
On 4 February 2013, they announced that they were sure it was him.
They had used DNA testing to make sure.
His skeleton shows that he had been killed by two head wounds, which similar to how 15th century writers had said he had died.
It also shows that the body was further damaged after his death.
On 26 March 2015, Richard III's body was reburied.
It now lies in a tomb in Leicester Cathedral.
Historian's views
There has been discussion for many years about whether Richard III was a good king or a bad king.
During his reign, which lasted only two years, he was very popular in parts of the country, especially the north of England.
However, there were enough people who hated him to make sure that his enemies were able to raise a big army against him and defeat him in battle.
It is often said that "history is written by the winners".
After Henry VII won, Richard III was often treated as a villain in writings and stories.
For example, in Shakespeare's play Richard III, he is shown to be totally evil.
On the other hand, some writers from the time of Richard's reign make him a hero and ignore his flaws.
In 1605, William Camden wrote "he lived wickedly, yet made good laws".
Modern historians also try to be careful when judging Richard III.
For example, some historians have praised him for giving ordinary people more rights.
However, many also think that he really did order the killing of the Princes in the Tower.
Among the laws Richard III made were removing limits on the printing and sale of books, more rights to people accused of a crime, laws to protect people from fraud when land was sold, bans on other types of fraud and changing the law from French into English.
He created the Council of the North, which for the next 150 years would help solve problems in Northern England.
Richard III society
1485 deaths
People from Northamptonshire
The Tampa Bay Rays are a Major League Baseball team that plays in St. Petersburg, Florida.
From 1998 until November 2007, They were known as the Tampa Bay Devil Rays.
In 2008, the team changed their name to the "Rays".
Their home stadium is Tropicana Field located in St, Petersburg.
The Rays played their first game on March 31, 1998 against the Detroit Tigers (as the Tampa Bay Devil Rays), which they lost 11-6.
They were one of the least successful teams in the Major Leagues until 2008, when they finished in first place in the American League East and had one of the best records in baseball.
They made it to the World Series but were beaten by Philadelphia in five games.
Evan Longoria brought the team's first AL Rookie of the Year award to the team on November 10, 2008.
The Rays returned to the World Series in 2020 but lost again, this time to the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games.
On November 8, 2007, the team changed its name to Tampa Bay Rays.
The "Devil Ray" mascot was a type of stingray.
While this is still a mascot of theirs, the new "Rays" name is said to represent the sunshine in Florida.
The Rays have rivalries with two teams.
The Boston Red Sox is one due to the 2008 American League Championship Series, the other is the Florida Marlins due their in-state location.
When the Rays and Marlins meet during inter-league play (when the American League (Rays) and National League (Marlins) play each other) it is known as the "Citrus Series".
Season records
Tampa Bay Rays Official Home Page
Flux of Pink Indians was political punk band.
It was formed in Hertfordshire, England in 1980.
Flux of Pink Indians was made up of Colin Latter (vocals), Derek Birkett (bass), Kevin Hunter (guitar) and Martin Wilson (drums).
The band was originally called the Epileptics and later changed their name to Epi-X after complaints from the British Epilepsy Association.
In 1981, the group signed on with the Crass label.
They took on the organization's dedication to anarchist politics and punk abrasion.
They issued their debut album Neu Smell soon after signing.
With that album they got an indie hit with Johnny Kidd.
Upon creating their own label, Spiderleg, Flux of Pink Indians resurfaced in 1982 with the album Strive to Survive Causing Least Suffering Possible.
Not surprisingly, their 1983 follow-up The Fucking Cunts Treat Us Like Pricks was banned by many British retailers.
One Manchester indie record store which did carry the record was charged for displaying "obscene articles for publication for gain."
A long time off followed before the group - now known as Flux - returned in 1986 with the largely instrumental Uncarved Block.
They disbanded in 1987; Derek Birkett later founded the One Little Indian label.
"Neu Smell" (EP, Crass Records, 1981)  cover art
"1970s Have Been Made in Hong Kong" (EP, Spiderleg Records, 1981)
Strive to Survive Causing the Least Suffering Possible (LP, Spiderleg Records, 1983)
The Fucking Cunts Treat Us Like Pricks (LP, Spiderleg Records 1984)
"Taking a Liberty" (EP, Spiderleg Records, 1985)
Uncarved Block (LP, released under the name 'Flux', One Little Indian Records 1986)
Flux of Pink Indians on allmusic.com
The Canadian Football League (CFL; , LCF) is a professional sports league in Canada.
They play Canadian football and are they highest level of competition for the sport.
The CFL is the second most popular sports league in Canada after the NHL.
There are 9 teams; 4 in the Eastern Division and 5 Western Division.
The Grey Cup is the championship for the CFL.
The league was founded on January 19, 1958, making it the second oldest professional gridiron football league in North America that still operates.
However, several of its teams played for many years before the modern league was formed.
One current team, the Toronto Argonauts, was formed in 1873, and four other teams claim descent from teams that played before 1900.
Active teams
1The Montreal Alouettes play their regular season games at Percival Molson Memorial Stadium and play their playoff games at Olympic Stadium.
The Hamilton Tiger-Cats were created in 1950 as a merger between the Hamilton Tigers (founded in 1869 as the Hamilton Football Club) and the Hamilton Wildcats (founded in 1941).
The CFL considers the current Montreal Alouettes franchise (founded in 1994 as the Baltimore Stallions, moved to Montreal and renamed the Montreal Alouettes in 1996) to be a continuation of the original Montreal Alouettes (founded 1946, played in the CFL 1958–1981) and Montreal Concordes (founded 1982, renamed the Montreal Alouettes in 1986, folded just before the 1987 season).
However this does not include the Montreal Football Club that was formed in 1872, and joined the IRFU in 1907–1915, and the Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers, who played in the IRFU during the 1930s and 40's, winning the Grey Cup in 1931.
All Ottawa clubs including the previous Rough Riders and Renegades are combined with current Redblacks for historical consistency only, even though the CFL considers them separate clubs.
While football in Edmonton was first played in 1890, the Edmonton Elks (in their current incarnation) recognize their first season in 1949.
This was further evidenced by the "60 seasons" decals worn on their helmets during the 2008 season.
Became Saskatchewan Roughriders officially in 1950, after the team became the only pro football team left in the province in 1948.
Roughriders were originally called the Regina Rugby Football club from 1910 to 1924.
then called the Regina Roughriders from 1925 to 1949.
Created by a merger of the Winnipegs and the St. John's team on June 10, 1930, and become known as the "Winnipeg Pegs" before changing to the current name, Blue Bombers, in 1937.
1958 establishments in North America
1950s establishments in Canada
Shorts are a short length trousers or pants that reach only to the upper part of the legs or more, but do not cover the entire leg.
They are worn by both men and women.
Shorts are worn either as outer garment or as underwear.
They are called "shorts" because they are a shortened version of trousers (as they are called in British English, or pants in American English) which cover the entire leg.
Fashion  appearance, attractiveness
Practical  cool, light weight, allows for ease of movement; sportswear
Uniform  decided by the organisation the wearer belongs to
Boxer shorts: Shorts mainly used as male underwear.
Some years ago, this term also related to a basic style male short.
Track shorts: Shorts that reach only the upper thigh and are intended to give maximum freedom of movement in sports activities.
Walking shorts: Shorts with a long pant length reaching to the knees.
They are intended for casual wear in warm weather.
Cut-offs: Homemade shorts made by cutting the legs off trousers
Hotpants: Commonly known as "short shorts" and are mostly worn by women.
These are short, tight shorts.
They are usually made out of cotton, nylon, or some other common material.
"Bun huggers": Short, tight, athletic shorts also known as "racing briefs".
They are usually made from spandex and/or nylon.
These shorts are commonly used for some adult athletic events such as volleyball.
"Skorts": Shorts that have a piece of fabric in front so that from the front it looks like a skirt.
It is a portmanteau of "skirt" and "shorts".
"Zip-off shorts": A pair of long pants that zip off at the knee.
They allow the wearer to change from pants to shorts as the weather changes.
Board shorts: A combination of shorts and a bathing suit worn by men.
They have recently gained in popularity.
Three quarter pants: A name used to refer to other types of shorts such as Shants or Shankles.
"Capris": Shorts that reach below the knee.
Baggies: Loose fitting shorts which reach the knees.
Cycling shorts: Special shorts designed for athletic use, originally in cycling.
Bermuda shorts: A knee-length shorts commonly worn in Bermuda as business attire, or largely any style less than formal.
Cargo shorts: Typically khaki shorts with cargo pockets, similar to cargo pants, except they are around knee-length.
Boyshorts: Similar to boxer briefs, but for females.
Jorts: Jean shorts using denim fabric.
Lederhosen: Traditional German leather shorts.
In New Zealand English and some areas of Australian English, swimsuits are usually called togs.
This term is less common in other parts of the Commonwealth where it can also refer to clothes in general.
Swimsuits can be skin-tight or loosely fitting and range from garments designed to preserve as much modesty as possible to garments designed to reveal as much of the body as possible without actual nudity.
They are often lined with a fabric that prevents them from becoming transparent when wet.
Womens' swimsuits
Mens' swimsuits
Swimwear Glossary
Swimwear
Woodham Walter is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England.
In 2001 there were 583 people living in Woodham Walter.
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Pangrams are sentences that have one or more of every letter in an alphabet.
They are used to show every letter in a font, or to test a keyboard or typewriter.
Binary is base 2 number system.
It is base 2 because it uses two possible numbers: 0 and 1.
Decimal, the system most of the world uses for daily life, is a base 10 system – it uses 10 characters (0–9).
When binary numbers are written, a subscript "(2)" is added to distinguish them from the same number in base 10.
Computers work in binary, because wires can store information in two different ways: by being powered, or not being powered.
Sets of binary numbers can be used to represent any information, such as text, audio, or video.
Number system
When being introduced to binary numbers, it helps to go back and think about how base 10 or decimal numbers work.
Consider the number 1101(10) (base 10).
We identify this number as one-thousand, one-hundred, one because it has a 1 in the thousands place, a 1 in the hundreds place, and a 1 in the ones place.
But since the places represent 8, 4, 2, and 1 in binary, instead of 1000, 100, 10, and 1, the value converted to decimal (base 10) would be 8 + 4 + 1 = 13(10).
For another example, the binary number 101(2) is 5 in decimal.
The bit on the right is 1 and has a value of 1 (2^0).
The middle bit has a value of 2 (2^1 or just 2), but it is a 0, so it is not added.
The bit on the left is 1 and has a value of 4 (2^2 or 2 * 2).
The bits that are 1s have values of 1 and 4.
1 + 4 = 5.
All computers use binary at the lowest level.
Most hard memory, like compact discs and DVDs, use binary to represent large files.
With computers, eight binary bits together is called a byte.
The size of files is commonly measured in kilobytes or megabytes (sometimes in gigabytes).
A kilobyte is 1000 bytes.
A megabyte is 1000 kilobytes, a gigabyte is 1000 megabytes and a terabyte is 1000 gigabytes.
Sometimes, it is easier to measure bytes in groups of 1024, since 1024 is a power of 2.
There are 1024 bytes in a kibibyte, 1024 kibibytes in a mebibyte, and 1024 mebibytes in a gibibyte.
Electronics, devices or parts of devices using electrical signals
Electronic music or electronica
Electron configuration in an atom or molecule
Video game company Electronic Arts
The great Northern diver or common loon is a bird.
It belongs to the diver family of birds.
Adult birds are between 70 and 90 cm in length, and have wingspans of 1.20 metres to 1.50 metres.
The Great Northern Loon breeds in North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Scotland.
This species winters on sea coasts or on large lakes of south Europe and the United States, and south to northwestern areas of Africa.
This species, like all divers, is a specialist fish-eater.
It catches its prey underwater, diving as deep as 200 feet (60 m).
Freshwater diets include pike, perch,  sunfish, trout, and bass; salt-water diets consist oinclude rock fish, flounder, sea trout, and herring.
The female lays 1 to 3 eggs on a hollowed-out mound of dirt and vegetation very close to water.
Both parents build the nest, sit on the egg or eggs, and feed the young.
Birds of Kashmir
A limit in mathematics:
Limit superior and limit inferior
Limit of a net
Limit point
A limit in category theory
A constraint (mathematical, physical, economical, legal, etc.)
as an inequality:
Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit
Budget constraint
Limits of BDSM behavior
An extreme value or boundary:
High frequency limit
In music the limit in just intonation
Limit Break are powerful techniques in the Final Fantasy series
Limit (Heide-Park), a roller coaster at Heide-Park, Soltau, Germany
Ziziphus mauritiana (or Indian jujube) is a type of fruit tree.
It is most often found in south-east Asia, usually India.
The azuki bean is a type of reddish-brown colored bean.
It can also be spelled adzuki.
The bean is grown in East Asia and the Himalayas.
It is often boiled in sugar to make a red bean paste.
This paste is used in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese cooking.
Azuki beans are eaten in many places in the world.
Especially, azuki beans are used in sweet meals, snacks and dishes in Japan, China, Korea and Vietnam.
Azuki beans have a long and varied history and there are many recipes.
History and origin
Azuki beans are very famous red beans in Japan.
Excavations suggest that people have been eating Azuki beans since the Jomon period.
At that time, Azuki beans were called "shozu".
Azuki beans have been grown since the Yayoi  period.
The first time the word "Azuki" was used was in the book "Koziki".
Old Japanese said "Aka" for red.
And Azuki beans were called "zuki" because  Azuki beans get soft when they are boiled.
"Aka" plus "zuki" is "Azuki" and this is the origin of Azuki bean's name.
Another Azuki beans has many origins.
Azuki beans are red, so many old people believed Azuki beans were a good luck charm.
Azuki beans were used in many events and ceremonies in Japan, China and Korea.
In the Edo period, people made rice mixed with Azuki
beans.
This was called sekihan and many people gave sekihan at ceremonies.
Azuki beans were used as medicine, because Azuki beans are nutritious.
Now many people eat sekihan when there are ceremonies in Japan.
In addition Azuki beans are used in many Japanese cakes, Many sweets use Azuki raw materials for the taste and colour.
So Azuki beans are closely related to Japanese life from ancient times.
Azuki bean jam
Azuki beans make bean jam.
A sweet porridge of boiled and crushed azuki beans are eaten with rice-flour dumplings.
Oval-shaped sweets are made from glutinous rice and covered with azuki bean.
Bean-jam pancakes and bean-jam filled buns are also popular snacks.
Azuki beans are also used in pillows and beanbags.
First, the azuki beans are boiled until the azuki skin stretches.
The beans are then put into a perforated basket.
Next, the azuki are boiled again for a short time to remove harshness.
They are again put into perforated basket to drain.
While they are draining, a big pan for steaming is prepared.
The azuki are put in the pan and covered with a lid.
The azuki beans are steamed and then heat is turned off.
After steaming you have azuki bean mash, which is then dried on a cloth.
The next step is putting them back in a pan to bring to a hot temperature.
The azuki are taken out of the pan which is hot from flame.
Sugar is added.
The sugar and azuki are mixed and the water from the azuki is left.
Finally, the azuki is cooled.
When the beans are cold, it is finished.
Azuki bean jam is used in many foods.
For example, a fish-shaped waffle is filled with azuki bean jam.
Azuki bean jam foods are famous in Japan, and they are eaten by many Japanese.
The jalapeño is a type of Mexican  pepper.
It is related to the family of the Chili pepper.
It is pronounced hala-PAYN-nyo or hala-PEE-nyo.
It is a reasonably spicy pepper.
http://img.tfd.com/hm/prons/J0011550.wav - audio pronunciation
http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com/html/medium_peppers.html
The gooseberry is a type of fruit.
It has a greenish color.
It looks like an ungrown clementine.
It belongs to the same family as the currant.
Gooseberries are sometimes informally called goosegogs in the British Isles.
The quince is a fruit that grows on small trees.
It is in the same family as apples and pears.
It starts green colored and then ripens to a bright golden yellow color, and looks like a bumpy lemon.
The quince fruit is too hard to eat.
It can be cooked to make it soft, or it can be left out on purpose to rot.
If it is damaged by frost, that helps start the process of making it soft and good to eat.
Quinces are mainly used for making jelly and jam.
The interior of a quince is white when it is raw, but it becomes pinkish orange when it is cooked.
When the jam is made it will be these colors
The Açaí palm (Assai palm) is a type of palm tree.
There are seven different types of  Açaí palms.
The tree grows in Central and South America.
It has a black-purple fruit about the size of a grape called a euterpe.
The seed inside is very big.
The fruit grows in bunches of 700 to 900 fruits.
The palms are mainly used for two things: First, salads called palmitos (heart of palm) can be made from the leaves; for this, the tree needs to be cut down.
Secondly, the fruits can be made into a fruit juice that is said to be very healthy.
Pictures of Açaí palms trees and fruit  from an article by The Nature Conservancy.
University of Florida study confirms that açaí berries contain antioxidants that destroyed cultured human cancer cells
Jewelry made from Açaí seeds
The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree that grows between  tall.
The pomegranate originated in the region extending from Anatolia to northern India or South Asia.
Although previously placed in its own family Punicaceae, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that Punica belongs in the family Lythraceae, and it is classified in that family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.
Today, it's widely cultivated throughout the Mediterranean countries.
It is the most recognizable symbols of Turkey and used in drinks such as Şalgam.
Pomegranate has been used for thousands of years.
Ancient people used it for high blood pressure, athletic performance, heart disease and diabetes.
It's mentioned in Greek, Hebrew, Buddhist and Christian mythology and writings.
It's described in records dating from around 1500 BCE as a treatment for tapeworm and other parasites.
Pomegranate is one of the "seven kinds" of fruit mentioned in the Bible which Israel was blessed with long ago.
It grew in the region for thousand of years and is very much adapted to:it sheds its leaves in the cold of our winters, while it sprouts in early spring when temperature rise.
It ripens at the end of the summer, very close to the beginning of the Jewish New Year.
it was and is used for decoration and blessing in ceremonies of the New Year celebration and the later holidays.
It decorated temples in the past and appeared on ancient coins.
Because of its decorative value in Israel, its selection was done mainly for external appearance , not so much for eating quality.
Nice colour and crown are very important characteristics of the fruit.
It was found in Indus Valley so early.
It was cultivated in Egypt before the time of Moses.
Arab caravans, many emanating from the lush oasis that was ancient Baghdad, probbably spread its use.
The pomegranate tree is native from Iran to Himalayas in Northern India and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region of Asia, Africa and Europe.
The most important growing regions are Egypt, China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, India, Burma, Sri Lanka and Saudi Arabia.
There are some commercial orchards in Israel on the coastal pain and in Jordan Valley.
The name "pomegranate" comes from medieval Latin pōmum "apple" and grānātum "seeded".
The French term for pomegranate, grenade, has given its name to the military grenade.
German: Granatapfel
Punica granatum, the scientific name of the pomegranate, was given by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum (Vol.
1, page 472).
Punica comes from the Latin name for the pomegranate, malum punicum, meaning "apple from Carthage", and granatum from medieval Latin meaning "seeded", "with seeds".
The pomegranate is a shrub or small tree that could grow up to 10 meters of height with many branches with spines.
Leaves are opposite  long and  broad.
The flowers are yellow to bright red and  in diameter, with three to seven petals.
Fruits are berries with a strong skin, like leather, intermediate in size between a lemon and a grapefruit,  in diameter.
Fruits have many seeds with fleshy and edible coats (called sacrotesta).
The number of seeds in a pomegranate can vary from 200 to about 1400.
P. granatum var.
nana is a dwarf variety of P. granatum popularly planted as an ornamental plant in gardens and larger containers, and used as a bonsai specimen tree.
Where it grows
The pomegranate originated in the region of modern-day Iran, and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region and northern India.
It was brought into America in the late 16th century, including California, by Spanish settlers.
Today, it is widely cultivated throughout the Middle East and Caucasus region, north and tropical Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, the drier parts of southeast Asia, and parts of the Mediterranean Basin.
It is also cultivated in parts of Arizona and California.
IUCN Red List - Punica granatum
Floridata Plant Encyclopedia
Geographical pole, on the axis of a rotating body
North Pole, on Earth, in the Arctic
South Pole, on Earth, in the Antarctic
Third Pole (Kashmir), the largest glacier outside the polar regions
Poles, people from the country of Poland
A solid cylindrical object with length greater than its diameter e.g.:
Utility pole, such as a telephone pole or telegraph pole
Barber's pole, advertising a barber shop
Poles used in sporting and other activities:
Spinnaker pole, used in sailing
The pole used for pole vaulting
Ski pole, used to help balance when skiing
Pole position, in motorsport
The contacts in a switch
A unit of length also known as a rod
Walking stick sometimes called a walking pole
Science and mathematics
One "half" of a dipole
In the polar coordinate system, points are given by an angle and a distance from the pole, or central point equivalent to the origin in the Cartesian coordinate system
Penis (slang)
A punt is a flat boat with a broad front.
It is designed for use in small rivers or other shallow water.
Punting means boating in a punt.
The punter pushes a pole against the river bed (the bottom of the river) and this gives the punt a way to move.
Punts were originally built as cargo boats or platforms.
They were for shooting at birds and fishing.
In modern times they are mostly used for pleasure trips on the rivers in the university towns of Oxford and Cambridge in England.
There are also races at summer regattas on the Thames.
Punt poles
Poles for pleasure punts are normally made of spruce, or aluminium.
A normal pole is about 12–16 feet (4–5 m) long and weighs about 10 lb (5 kg).
In Oxford and Cambridge 16 ft long poles are sometimes used.
The bottom of the pole has a metal "shoe", a rounded lump of metal to protect the end.
The shoe is sometimes made in the shape of a swallow tail.
Thames Valley Skiff Club, retrieved November 2018
Sunbury Regatta, retrieved November 2018
Wraysbury Skiff and Punting Club, retrieved November 2018
Dittons Skiff & Punting Club, retrieved November 2018
The Skiff Club, retrieved November 2018
Punting stations
Cherwell Boathouse, Oxford, retrieved November 2018
Scudamore's Punting, Cambridge, retrieved November 2018
Rutherford's Punting Cambridge, retrieved November 2018
Punting on the Thames, retrieved November 2018
A Thames Library, retrieved November 2018
A detailed non-commercial guide to punting (and other boating) on the Thames, retrieved November 2018
The Scudamore's guide to punting in Cambridge, retrieved November 2018
Daily Info guide to punting in Oxford, retrieved November 2018
Punting around the world
In Christchurch, New Zealand
In Tübingen, Germany
In the Spreewald in Germany
On the Mutha River, India
On the Marais Poitevin, France
In Botswana
Horizontal is a direction perpendicular to the vertical.
That is, it goes in all directions except up and down.
The term comes from the horizon.
A moat is a body of water around a castle or town to keep people out.
The moat was introduced between 1154 and 1485.
At first, moats were simple and used only for protection.
Later on, moats became more complicated and were used for show.
Moats are deep, wide ditches filled with water.
They were usually built near sources of water that flowed into the moats, filling them with water.
The moats were filled with water for a few reasons.
It made enemies swimming across the moat easy targets.
It also made it impossible for enemies to dig underneath the castle walls, which was a common method of attack.
It also prevented fires from destroying the castle.
The word moat comes from the French word motte, which means hill.
Moats were first used in the Medieval period, from 1016 to 1164.
Castles were built on the top of high hills.
The area at the bottom of the hill was eventually called the moat.
Castle moats were usually between 5 and 40 feet deep, and they were not always filled with water.
Not all moats contained water, as a simple dry, wide ditch could prove an obstacle.
These were called dry moats.
In many stories, moats are filled with alligators or crocodiles.
However, moats were sometimes filled with fish or eels for food.
A filter is a website feature that removes some kinds of content.
This can be to stop the user viewing the unwanted content.
It can also be to stop the user posting content the site does not want.
Internet filters most often work by stopping certain words being used.
Filters to stop other content, such as certain kinds of pictures, can also be used.
A filter can be used to only stop a certain kind of user seeing the content, children for example.
Where filters are used
Filters are very common in e-mail systems.
Online games, usually children's games, sometimes have filters.
Wikis have filters, too.
In the USA, there is a filter used with TV called the V-chip.
Sometimes parents use it when they want to control what their children are allowed to watch.
Things filtered
Swear words
Pictures about Pornography
A certain topic, religion for example
"Online" and "offline" are terms used in telecommunications.
If a computer or a user is connected to the Internet, it is said to be "online".
A website, for example, is online, because it is on the Internet.
If something is not online, it is said to be "offline".
If a system is offline, it is in a disconnected state.
Online can also mean that something is set up correctly and ready to what it is supposed to do.
A computer printer is online if it has electricity, is turned on, is connected to the computer and has paper in it.
Once each of those things is true, then the printer is online and ready to print.
A government program is online when it has the equipment and people it needs to do whatever job it was created to do.
A snowman is a statue of a person made of snow.
Snowmen are usually made when people make three balls of snow that are different sizes.(In Japan, snowmen are made by two snowballs) They will stack the balls on top of each other to make a snowman, and stick some things in it to make it look more like a person like a scarf, pebbles, buttons and a carrot (for the nose).
Sand castles are castles made of sand and water.
People have taken making sand castles and turned it into an type of art called sand sculpture.
Sand castles are often made on a sandy beach or in a sandpit.