the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Most of these storms are  blocked or weakened by passing over the mountains.
The months from May to July in the summer have no darkness at night.
They only have a twilight during the night hours.
The months of November to January are the other way around.
They have little daylight.
It is light for about 21 hours every day between May 10 and August 2.
It is light less than four hours each day between November 18 and January 24.
On clear winter nights, the aurora borealis, or "Northern lights" can often be seen dancing in the sky.
Polymorphism  in biology is when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species.
The words forms or morphs are sometimes used.
Polymorphism is common in nature.
The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms.
The mechanism which decides which of several morphs an individual displays is called the switch.
This switch may be genetic, or it may be environmental.
Taking sex determination as the example, in man the determination is genetic, by the XY sex determination system.
In Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), sex determination is by haplo-diploidy: the females are all diploid, the males are haploid.
However, in some animals an environmental trigger determines the sex: alligators are a good example.
In ants the distinction between workers and guards is environmental, by the feeding of the grubs.
Polymorphism with an environmental trigger is called polyphenism.
The polyphenic system does have a degree of environmental flexibility not present in the genetic polymorphism.
However, such environmental triggers are the less common of the two methods.
Genetic polymorphism
Since all polymorphism has a genetic basis, genetic polymorphism has a particular meaning:
Genetic polymorphism: two or more distinct forms at the same time and place.
The proportion of the rarest form must be above mutation rate (and so it is supported by selection of some kind).
Genetic polymorphism is actively and steadily maintained in populations by natural selection.
This contrasts with transient polymorphisms where a form is progressively replaced by another.
By definition, genetic polymorphism relates to a balance or equilibrium between morphs.
The mechanisms that conserve it are types of balancing selection.
Heterosis (or heterozygote advantage): "Heterosis: the heterozygote at a locus is fitter than either homozygote".
Frequency dependent selection: The fitness of a particular phenotype is dependent on its frequency relative to other phenotypes in a given population.
Example: prey switching, where rare morphs of prey are actually fitter due to predators concentrating on the more frequent morphs.
Fitness varies in time and space.
Fitness of a genotype may vary greatly between larval and adult stages, or between parts of a habitat range.
Selection acts differently at different levels.
Sickle-cell anaemia
An individual homozygous for the recessive sickle haemoglobin, HgbS, has a short expectancy of life.
The life expectancy of the standard haemoglobin (HgbA) homozygote and also the heterozygote is normal (though heterozygote individuals will suffer periodic problems).
The sickle-cell variant survives in the population because the heterozygote is resistant to malaria and the malarial parasite kills a huge number of people each year.
This is heterozygote advantage, a  kind of balance between fierce selection against homozygous sickle-cell sufferers, and selection against the standard HgbA homozygotes by malaria.
The heterozygote has a permanent advantage (a higher fitness) so long as malaria exists; and it has existed as a human parasite for a long time.
Because the heterozygote survives, so does the HgbS allele survive at a rate much higher than the mutation rate.
Lactase persistence
Mammals normally produce lactase only as long as the mother has milk.
Then the enzyme lactase is cut off.
Modern humans are different.
The human ability to drink milk during adult life is supported by a lactase mutation.
Human populations have a high proportion of this mutation wherever milk is important to the diet.
The spread of milk tolerance is promoted by natural selection: it helps people survive where milk is available.
Ants exhibit a range of polymorphisms.
First, there is their characteristic haplodiploid sex determination system, whereby all males are haploid, and all females are diploid.
Second, there is differentiation based mostly on feeding of larvae.
This determines, for example, whether the adult is capable of reproduction.
Lastly, there is differentiation of size and 'duties' (particularly of females), which are usually controlled by feeding and/or age, but which may sometimes be genetically controlled.
Heterostyly
Pin and thrum heterostyly occurs in dimorphic species of Primula, such as P. vulgaris.
There are two types of flower.
The pin flower has a long style bearing the stigma at the mouth and the stamens half-way down; and the thrum flower has a short style, so the stigma is half-way up the tube and the stamens are at the mouth.
Another most important property of the heterostyly system is physiological.
If thrum pollen is placed on a thrum stigma, or pin pollen on a pin stigma, the reproductive cells are incompatible and relatively little seed is set.
Effectively, this ensures outcrossing, as described by Darwin.
Quite a lot is now known about the underlying genetics; the system is controlled by a set of closely linked genes; these act as a single unit, a so-called super-gene.ch10p86
All sections of the genus Primula have heterostyle species, altogether 354 species out of 419.
Since heterostyly is characteristic of nearly all races or species, the system is at least as old as the genus.
Between 1861 and 1863, Darwin found the same kind of structure in other groups, such as flax (Linum) and in Purple Loosestrife and other species of Lythrum.
Studies over many years have shown that natural populations of Drosophila are polymorphic for chromosome inversions.
The inversions are so common that they must be kept in the population by natural selection.
Kid A is the fourth album by the band Radiohead.
It was released in October 2000 on the Parlophone label.
It was a success, and was certified platinum in the United Kingdom after only one week.
Kid A was the band's first number one in America, and was named as 'The best album of the 2000s' by Rolling Stone magazine.
"Everything in Its Right Place" – 4:11
"Kid A" – 4:44
"The National Anthem" – 5:51
"How to Disappear Completely" – 5:56
"Treefingers" – 3:42
"Optimistic" – 5:15
"In Limbo" – 3:31
"Idioteque" (Radiohead, Paul Lansky) – 5:09
"Morning Bell" – 4:35
"Motion Picture Soundtrack" – 6:59
Hail to the Thief is an album by the band Radiohead.
"2 + 2 = 5 (The Lukewarm.)" –
"Sit Down.
Stand Up. (
Snakes & Ladders.)" –
"Sail to the Moon. (
Brush the Cobwebs out of the Sky.)" –
"Backdrifts. (
Honeymoon is Over.)" –
"Go to Sleep. (
Little Man being Erased.)" –
"Where I End and You Begin. (
The Sky is Falling in.)" –
"We Suck Young Blood. (
Your Time is up.)" –
4:56
"The Gloaming. (
Softly Open our Mouths in the Cold.)" –
"There There. (
The Boney King of Nowhere.)" –
"I will. (
No man's Land.)" –
"A Punchup at a Wedding. (
No no no no no no no no.)" –
"Myxomatosis. (
Judge, Jury & Executioner.)" –
"Scatterbrain. (
As Dead as Leaves.)" –
"A Wolf at the Door. (
It Girl.
Rag Doll.)" –
Colin Greenwood – bass guitar, string synth, sampler
Jonny Greenwood – guitar, analogue systems, ondes Martenot, laptop, piano, glockenspiel
Ed O'Brien – guitar, effects, backing vocals
Phil Selway – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Thom Yorke – vocals, lyrics, guitar, piano, laptop
The King of Limbs is an album by the band Radiohead.
No singles were released from the album, but a video was released for "Lotus Flower".
PopMatters gave it 9/10 and called it "a beautiful record".
It was nominated for five Grammy Awards.
"Bloom" – 5:15
"Morning Mr Magpie" – 4:41
"Little by Little" – 4:27
"Feral" – 3:13
"Lotus Flower" – 5:01
"Codex" – 4:47
"Give Up the Ghost" – 4:50
"Separator" – 5:20
Official The King of Limbs website
Amnesiac is an album by the band Radiohead.
It was released in June 2001.
Most critics gave it good reviews.
Pitchfork gave it 9/10.
"Packt Like Sardines in a Crushd Tin Box" – 4:00
"Pyramid Song" – 4:49
"Pulk/Pull Revolving Doors" – 4:07
"You and Whose Army?" –
"I Might Be Wrong" – 4:54
"Knives Out" – 4:15
"Morning Bell/Amnesiac" – 3:14
"Dollars & Cents" – 4:52
"Hunting Bears" – 2:01
"Like Spinning Plates" – 3:57
"Life in a Glasshouse" – 4:34
The Bends is an album by the band Radiohead.
It was released in April 1995.
"Planet Telex" – 4:19
"The Bends" – 4:06
"High and Dry" – 4:17
"Fake Plastic Trees" – 4:50
"Bones" – 3:09
"(Nice Dream)" – 3:53
"Just" – 3:54
"My Iron Lung" – 4:36
"Bullet Proof..I Wish I Was" – 3:28
"Black Star" – 4:07
"Sulk" – 3:42
"Street Spirit (Fade Out)" – 4:12
Pablo Honey is an album by the English alternative rock band Radiohead.
It was released in April 1993.
Creep" was released in 1992 and was not successful.
In 1993 it was released again and became popular around the world.
The album reached No.22 in the UK charts.
In 2009 the album was re-released with an extra CD of demos and live songs.
"You" – 3:29
"Creep" – 3:56
"How Do You?" –
"Stop Whispering" – 5:26
"Thinking About You" – 2:41
"Anyone Can Play Guitar" – 3:38
"Ripcord" – 3:10
"Vegetable" – 3:13
"Prove Yourself" – 2:25
"I Can't" – 4:13
"Lurgee" – 3:08
"Blow Out" – 4:40
Below is a list of characters  from the television show SpongeBob SquarePants.
SpongeBob SquarePants  is a yellow sea sponge and the main character of the show.
He lives in an apple under the sea.
He works as a fry cook at a fast food restaurant called the Krusty Krab.
He is talented at making burgers called Krabby Patties.
He is voiced by Tom Kenny.
Squidward Tentacles is an octopus and SpongeBob's grumpy next-door neighbor.
He plays the clarinet but is not very good at it.
He says he does not like SpongeBob, but SpongeBob thinks they are friends.
Patrick Star is a pink starfish who is SpongeBob's best friend.
He lives under a rock and is not very smart.
He likes to have fun and be silly, but sometimes gets himself and SpongeBob in trouble.
He usually does not have a job.
He is voiced by Bill Fagerbakke.
Mr. Krabs is a crab who is the owner of the Krusty Krab restaurant, and SpongeBob and Squidward's boss.
Sheldon J. Plankton is an evil green plankton.
He and his talking computer, Karen, own a restaurant called the Chum Bucket.
Plankton is an evil genius and Mr. Krabs' rival.
Karen Plankton is a talking computer who is Plankton's helper, sidekick, and wife.
She gives him his evil plans to steal the Krabby Patty recipe.
She lives in the laboratory of the Chum Bucket which is labeled from the outside as the "kitchen."
Karen does not have a face, but her screen shows a wavy green line that moves when she talks.
She is voiced by Jill Talley.
Sandy Cheeks is a squirrel from the state of Texas.
Mrs. Puff is a pufferfish who is SpongeBob's teacher at the underwater driving school, Mrs. Puff's Boating School.
She wears a blue sailor hat and a yellow wig.
Pearl Krabs is a big gray whale with blonde hair who is the daughter of Mr. Krabs.
When she grows up, Mr. Krabs (Daddy) will give his restaurant and his money to her.
She usually wears a pink cheerleading dress.
He meows and acts like a cat.
He cannot talk, but SpongeBob can understand him.
Patchy is a pirate who hosts special episodes of the show.
He thinks SpongeBob is a real person and not a cartoon character.
He dreams to meet SpongeBob one day and collects lots of SpongeBob toys.
He is played by SpongeBob's voice actor Tom Kenny.
Potty is Patchy's pet parrot, who is shown as a poorly-made puppet on strings.
Potty is annoying and sometimes mean to Patchy, but is loyal and always stays by Patchy's side.
Potty was voiced by Stephen Hillenburg from 2000 to 2004, by Paul Tibbitt from 2005 to 2012, and by Mr. Lawrence since 2017.
The French Narrator is the show's narrator.
He is a scuba diver with a French accent who talks to the viewers at the beginnings and endings of many episodes.
He also narrates the time cards.
He is voiced by Tom Kenny doing an impression of the filmmaker Jacques Cousteau.
Mermaid Man is an elderly superhero dressed as a mermaid to protect the Bikini Bottom.
He also has a bad memory.
He was voiced by Ernest Borgnine.
Barnacle Boy is Mermaid Man's sidekick.
He is dressed in navy clothing.
He is tired of people calling him "boy" because he is a senior citizen.
He was voiced by Tim Conway.
The Flying Dutchman is a green ghost who owns a pirate ship and haunts the ocean.
He can get irritated easily and likes to scare people.
He lives in a cave that contains Davy Jones' locker.
He is voiced by Brian Doyle-Murray.
King Neptune is a merman god who rules the ocean.
His name is said by the characters in place of God's in exclamations.
He carries a trident and lives in the underwater city of Atlantis.
He is voiced by John O'Hurley in the TV episodes and by Jeffrey Tambor in the first movie.
The Realistic Fish Head is a tuna who works as a news reporter and announcer.
He looks like a realistic cutout of a fish head.
Perch Perkins is a famous news anchor.
He is usually seen with a microphone, a headset, and a camera crew.
He is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.
Larry the Lobster is a strong lobster who works at a beach called Goo Lagoon.
He is a lifeguard.
He is voiced by Mr. Lawrence in "Ripped Pants" and later appearances, and by Bill Fagerbakke for one line in "MuscleBob BuffPants."
Fred is a fish who is usually brown or blue.
He is known for shouting "MY LEG!"
whenever there is destruction.
Harold and Margaret SquarePants are SpongeBob's parents, who live out of town.
They are voiced by Tom Kenny and Sirena Irwin.
Grandma SquarePants is SpongeBob's grandmother.
She treats him like a young child and likes to bake cookies.
She is voiced by Marion Ross.
Squilliam Fancyson is Squidward's rival from high school band class.
He is a rich octopus with a unibrow.
Betsy Krabs is Mr. Krabs' mother and Pearl's grandmother.
She lives in a pink anchor.
She was voiced by Paul Tibbitt in her first two appearances and later by Sirena Irwin.
Jellyfish are characters that are mostly seen at their natural habitat, a grassy meadow called Jellyfish Fields.
They are usually pink and sting people.
Bubble Bass is a fat bass fish with glasses who was SpongeBob's enemy in the first season.
He later returned as a background character in season eight, he is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.
Harold is a blue fish with a shark-like back fin and spiky teeth.
He most often wears a red speedo and a white shirt.
He has a tendency to start arguments or trouble, he is voiced by Mr. Lawrence.
Scooter is a purple fish who likes to surf at Goo Lagoon.
He usually wears swim trunks.
He is voiced by Carlos Alazraqui.
Tom is a brown-green fish who is usually angry and yells a lot.
Nat Peterson is a yellow fish with a purple back fin.
He had an important role in "Plankton's Regular" where Karen paid him to become the Chum Bucket's first regular customer, he is voiced by Tom Kenny.
Norma Rechid is an orange fish with a purple dress, she is usually nice & happy, but sometimes joins the other fish in a riot, she is voiced by Carolyn Lawrence.
Sandals is a light olive-green fish who is stupid, he is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.
Old Man Jenkins/Walker is a senior citizen with poor eyesight and a bad memory.
He thinks SpongeBob is a talking cereal box.
The Captain is a painting of a pirate who sings the opening theme song.
He is voiced by Patrick Pinney.
Frank is a red-orange fish with a light blue top.
Shelly Fishbowl is a light olive green fish with a lavender colored dress.
Mable-Monica is a light olive green anchovy with a light teal dress with a light yellow and pink necklace and black shoes.
Lenny is a light blue fish with blue pants, black shoes, a white coat, a red tie, and a black hat.
Thaddeus is a light olive green fish with a yellow-orange shirt.
Miss Rechid is a blue fish with a light purple dress and matching leg bands.
Susie Rechid is a dark tan-colored fish with a pink skirt.
Evelyn is a dark pink fish with a red skirt, red bra, and black shoes.
Frankie Billy is an light olive fish with blue pants and a black belt with a silver belt buckle.
Ivy is a brownish-gray fish with light blue pants and a black belt with a golden belt buckle on it.
Abigail Marge is an aqua-blue fish with a purple dress and black shoes.
Shubie is a red-pink fish with a light teal skirt and light teal bra.
Nazz-Mimi is a light emerald-green fish with a red bathing suit.
Tina Fran is a light pink and light red fish with a light blue/teal dress and skirt.
Nancy Suzy is a gray-white haired minnow with a mustard yellow dress.
Grace Under Fire was an American television sitcom which aired on ABC between 1993 and 1998.
It was part of a wave of 1980s-1990s television shows built around a comedian.
Brett Butler starred as Grace, a divorced single mother with three children.
This was the highest rated new show for its first season.
It was distributed through the Carsey-Werner Company.
The article about the Muse album can be found at Absolution (album)
Absolution is the name of a sacrament of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican and Lutheran churches.
Using absolution, a priest or the church can forgive a sin, after confession.
Petrified wood (from the Greek root Petro meaning "rock" or "stone"; literally "wood turned into stone") is the name given to a special type of fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation.
It is the result of a tree having turned completely into stone by the process of per mineralization.
All the organic materials have been replaced with minerals (most often a silicate, such as quartz), while retaining the original structure of the wood.
Unlike other types of fossils which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three dimensional representation of the original organic material.
Dolores Claiborne is a 1995 American crime drama movie set in Maine.
Kathy Bates plays the title character.
Also starring in the movie is Jennifer Jason Leigh, who plays her daughter.
Dolores is accused of murdering her employer, an elderly woman.
Dolores is also accused of murdering her husband.
He was a violent alcoholic sexually abusing her daughter.
1995 mystery movies
Movies set in Maine
Christian René, viscount de Duve (2 October 1917 – 4 May 2013) was a Belgian biochemist.
He was born in Thames Ditton, Surrey and grew up in Antwerp, Belgium.
Duve won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974.
He discovered two cell organelles, lysosomes and peroxisomes.
He described them, and was the first to investigate their functions.
Duve shared the Nobel prize with Albert Claude and George E. Palade.
Belgian chemists
Corvus is a small constellation in the southern sky.
Its name is Latin for raven or crow.
It has only 11 stars that can be seen without a telescope.
It was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy.
However, he only included 7 stars.
Corvus is one of the 88 modern constellations.
Special  features
The Antennae galaxies are made up of two galaxies that are colliding, NGC 4038 and NGC 4039.
It has a heart shape as seen from Earth.
The name name comes from the huge tidal tails that come off the ends of the two galaxies.
There is a planetary nebula NGC 4361 at the center of Corvus.
The nebula looks like a small elliptical galaxy, but it is not.
The center star is only magnitude 13, so it cannot be a large galaxy.
The story of Corvus is related to two other constellation, Crater and Hydra.
Once the crow had beautiful silver or snowy white feathers and could speak to humans.
The crow was a very special bird for the god Apollo.
When Apollo's lover Coronis was pregnant, Apollo told the raven to watch over her.
Coronis slowly lost interest in Apollo and was attracted to a human.
The crow had been spying on her secretly.
He told Apollo that Coronis had a new lover.
Apollo was so angry that he turned the loyal raven's feathers black and took away the bird's ability to speak.
Coronis was killed by Apollo's twin sister Artemis.
The child of Coronis and Apollo lived.
He then became Asclepius, the god of medicine and healing.
In another story, Apollo sent his raven to get some water in the god's cup called the Crater.
The raven waited for some figs to become ripe and ate them.
He came back very late with a water snake called a Hydra and the water in the cup.
The foolish raven said he was late because of the water snake.
Apollo was not tricked.
He put the raven in the sky along with the water snake and the cup.
The snake stops the thirsty raven from getting to the water in the cup.
The raven can see the water, just out of reach.
Corvus is similar to the Babylonian raven (MUL.UGA.MUSHEN).
The Babylonians also put the raven sitting on the tail of a snake.
The Babylonian constellation was special to the god Adad.
Adad was the god of rain and storms.
In the time of the Babylonians, the constellation would have risen just before the start of the autum rainy season.
Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Legend, New York, Dover.
Thomas Wm.
Hamilton, Useful Star Names, Viewlex, Holbrook, New York, 1968.
Hawaiian Astronomical Society
Constellations of Words
The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Corvus
Eric Richard Kandel (born 7 November 1929) is an American neuropsychiatrist of Jewish descent.
He was a professor of biochemistry and biophysics.
He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1999, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for describing the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons.
Kandel shared the Nobel Prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard.
Kandel was born in Vienna.
He migrated to Brooklyn, New York City in 1939, the year after the Anschluss when Austria was made part of Nazi Germany.
In 1956, he married sociologist Denise Kandel.
American biophysicists
Dwayne "D. J." King (born June 27, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the St. Louis Blues and the Washington Capitals.
Before playing in the NHL, King played 4 seasons in the Western Hockey League; 3 seasons with the Lethbridge Hurricanes and 1 season with the Kelowna Rockets.
He was drafted by the St. Louis Blues with the 190th overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.
King is of Métis heritage.
He has a younger brother named Dwight, that plays for the Los Angeles Kings.
Fallout is the left over radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion.
The name is because radioactive material "falls out" of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion.
These materials continue to undergo radioactive decay for minutes, days or centuries. "
Fallout" commonly refers to the radioactive dust created when a nuclear weapon explodes.
All nuclear explosions make fission products, which are the broken, radioactive atoms from a fission reaction.
Neutrons from the explosion also make some nearby materials radioactive.
There was also radioactive fallout after a part of the nuclear power station at Chernobyl exploded.
The fallout caused serious contamination over an area including Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Scandinavia and some parts of Europe.
All people living in an area of 30 kilometres radius around the power plant were forced to move because of the fallout with villages and towns being abandoned.
Drillbit Taylor is a 2008 comedy movie that was produced by Judd Apatow and Susan Arnold and directed by Steven Brill.
The movie was the last movie written by John Hughes before he died on August 6, 2009.
It was released on February 8, 2008.
Owen Wilson as Bob "Drillbit" Taylor
Nate Hartley as Wade
Troy Gentile as Ryan Anderson
David Dorfman as Emmit Oosterhaus
Alex Frost as Terry Filkins
Josh Peck as Ronnie Lampenelli
Leslie Mann as Lisa Zachey
Danny R. McBride as Don Armstrong
Stephen Root as Principal Neville Doppler
Ian Roberts as Jim
Lisa Lampanelli as Mrs. Lampanelli
Lisa Ann Walter as Delores Anderson
Hynden Walch as Mrs. Oosterhaus
Valerie Tian as Brooke Nguyen
David Bowe as the male teacher.
Beth Littleford as Barbara Drennan
Steve Bannos as Coffee Computer Guy
Chuck Liddell as Himself
Robert Allen Mukes as Bonecrusher
Adam Baldwin as Ricky Linderman
Cedric Yarbrough as Bernie Hodge
Tichina Arnold as Photography teacher
Kevin Hart as Pawn Shop Guy 1
Matt Besser as Pawn Shop Guy 2
David Koechner  as Frightened Dad (unrated version)
Shaun Weiss as the Bus Driver
The canary (Serinus canaria), also called the island canary, Atlantic canary or common canary, is a small passerine bird.
It belongs to the genus Serinus in the finch family.
It is native to the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Madeira.
Wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back.
The species is common in captivity.
Different colour varieties have been bred.
Canaries are domestic birds.
They are popular pets.
Canary nests are small and cup-shaped, and the birds build them several feet off the ground in a shrub or a tree.
Both members of the pair build the nest, usually with a variety of twigs, sticks, grasses, and more.
Females lay an average of three or four eggs per clutch.
Cars 2 is a 2011 movie made by Pixar.
It was directed by John Lasseter and produced by Denise Ream.
It is a sequel to the 2006 comedy movie Cars and it was released on June 24, 2011.
The teaser trailer for Cars 2 appeared on the DVD and Blu-ray versions of Toy Story 3 and the full length trailer was shown before the movie Tangled.
In the Cars trilogy, this movie was followed by Cars 3, which was released in June 16, 2017.
Lightning McQueen competes in the first-ever World Grand Prix which determines the world's fastest car.
Each race is held at a different part of the world: first in Tokyo, second in Italy, and third in London.
Meanwhile, the Lemons are secretly trying to destroy the World Grand Prix racers, and Mater finds himself helping secret agents Finn McMissile and Holley Shiftwell in stopping them.
Owen Wilson as Lightning McQueen
Larry the Cable Guy as Mater
Michael Caine  as Finn McMissile
Emily Mortimer as Holley Shiftwell
Jason Isaacs as Siddeley
Thomas Kretschmann as Professor Zündapp
Joe Mantegna as Grem
Peter Jacobson as Acer
Tony Shalhoub as Luigi
Guido Quaroni as Guido
Lloyd Sherr  as Fillmore (replacing George Carlin after his death in 2008) and Tony Trihull
Paul Dooley as Sarge
John Ratzenberger as Mack
Brent Musburger as Brent Mustangburger
Darrell Waltrip as Darrel Cartrip
David Hobbs as David Hobbscap
John Turturro as Francesco Bernoulli
Eddie Izzard as Miles Axelrod
John Lasseter as John Lassetire
Franco Nero as Uncle Topolino
Vanessa Redgrave as Mama Topolino
Bonnie Hunt as Sally Carrera
Cheech Marin as Ramone
Jenifer Lewis as Flo
Michael Wallis as Sheriff
Katherine Helmond as Lizzy
Finn McMissile, Holley Shiftwell, Francesco Bernoulli, Sir Miles Axlerod, and Professor Z. are five new characters which have important roles in Cars 2.
Finn McMissile is a British secret agent, and is expert with spy gadgets, while Holley Shiftwell acts as Finn's sidekick.
Francesco Bernoulli is a flashy Italian race car, and is McQueen's racing rival in the World Grand Prix.
Sir Miles Axlerod is the creator of the World Grand Prix, which is a publicity stunt for a new alternative fuel source, while Professor Z. is the leader of the Lemons, an evil corporation in charge of all the oil and fossil fuels in the world that is planning to sabotage the World Grand Prix to make alternative fuel look bad.
Cars 2 at disney.com
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi () was born 30 July 1947 in Paris, France.
She studied biochemistry at the University of Paris.
Later, she graduated from the Pasteur Institute with a Ph.
D in virology.
She is a French virologist.
She won the Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in 2008 after she discovered the pathogen of AIDS.
AIDS had been discovered before the discovery of the pathogen.
AIDS is a more developed version of HIV.
She discovered HIV with Luc Montagnier.
AIDs was a dangerous disease and because she discovered it, the population of people with AIDS decreased.
She shared the Noble prize with  Luc Montagnier (a French virologist) and Harald zur Hausen (A German virologist) They both helped her discover the pathogen of AIDS.
She also contributed to the development of a blood screening for AIDS which helped many people discover that they had AIDS.
She is currently 70 years old.
Parliamentary opposition is a political position.
It is a type of opposition to the government.
It is usually used in countries that use the Westminster system of parliament.
Parties that have second-most seats usually make up the opposition.
They are called the "Official Opposition" sometimes.
Examples of countries with an Official Opposition are Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom.
Perfect flowers have both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) reproductive structures.
They include stamens and an ovary.
Flowers that contain both androecium and gynoecium are called hermaphroditic.
Examples of plants with perfect or bisexual flowers include the lily, rose, and most plants with large showy flowers.
A complete flower is a perfect flower with petals and sepals.
Unisexual: Reproductive structure that is either functionally male or functionally female.
In angiosperms this condition is also called imperfect, or incomplete.
Individual plants
Some plants also undergo what is called sex-switching, like Arisaema triphyllum which express sexual differences at different stages of growth.
In some arums smaller plants produce all or mostly male flowers and as plants grow larger over the years the male flowers are replaced by more female flowers on the same plant.
Arisaema triphyllum thus covers a multitude of sexual conditions in its lifetime; from nonsexual juvenile plants to young plants that are all male, as plants grow larger they have a mix of both male and female flowers, to large plants that have mostly female flowers.
Other plant populations have plants that produce more male flowers early in the year and as plants bloom later in the growing season they produce more female flowers.
In plants like Thalictrum dioicum all the plants in the species are either male or female.
Hermaphrodite, a plant that has only bisexual reproductive units (flowers, conifer cones, or functionally equivalent structures).
In angiosperm terminology a synonym is monoclinous from the Greek "one bed".
Monoecious, an individual that has both male and female reproductive units (flowers, conifer cones, or functionally equivalent structures) on the same plant; from Greek for "one household".
Individuals bearing separate flowers of both sexes at the same time are called simultaneously or synchronously monoecious.
Individuals that bear flowers of one sex at one time are called consecutively monoecious; plants may first have single sexed flowers and then later have flowers of the other sex.
Protoandrous describes individuals that function first as males and then change to females; protogynous describes individuals that function first as females and then change to males.
Dioecious refers to a plant population having separate male and female plants.
That is, no individual plant of the population produces both microgametophytes (pollen) and megagametophytes (ovules); individual plants are either male or female.
From Greek for "two households".
Individual plants are not called dioecious; they are either gynoecious (female plants) or androecious (male plants).
Androecious, plants producing male flowers only, produce pollen but no seeds, the male plants of a dioecious population.
Gynoecious, plants producing female flowers only, produces seeds but no pollen, the female of a dioecious population.
In some plant populations, all individuals are gynoecious with non sexual reproduction used to produce the next generation.
Polygamy, plants with male, female, and perfect (hermaphrodite) flowers on the same plant.
A polygamous inflorescence has both unisexual and bisexual flowers.
Trimonoecious (polygamous) - male, female, and hermaphrodite floral morphs all appear on the same plant.
Mean Streets is a 1973 American crime drama movie directed by Martin Scorsese.
It is set in New York City and stars Harvey Keitel and Robert De Niro.
This movie was released by Warner Bros. on October 2, 1973.
It received mostly positive reviews from movie critics.
1973 crime movies
Aaron Sherritt (1855 - 26 June 1880) was a close friend of Joe Byrne and later Ned Kelly.
His murder in 1880 was the first of the actions that led to the Kelly Gang's final shoot out with the police at Glenrowan.
Sherritt lived about three miles from Byrne, in the Woolshed Valley, near Beechworth, Victoria.
He went to school with Byrne, and in 1876 were sent to prison for stealing meat.
Soon after being let out of prison, Sherritt and Byrne were sent back again.
They had fought with Chinese man who had tried to stop them from swimming in his dam.
In 1878 Byrne was said to be engaged to Sherritt's sister.
He had a reputation for being tough; at times he would sleep out in the open at night.
After the Kelly Gang robbed the bank at Jerilderie, New South Wales, they disappeared for 18 months.
In January 1879, Sherritt went to the police station at Benalla and gave them information about where the Kelly Gang was hiding, and what they were going to do next.
He was paid £2 for the information.
Sherritt helped the police find a cave from where they could watch Byrne's mother's house.
He was interested in Byrne's sister, Kate.
The police told Sherritt that they would not kill Byrne.
When the police in the cave were found out, Sherritt then tried to get close to Ned Kelly's younger sister, Kate Kelly.
He showed the police a place from where they could watch the Kelly house, but this was soon discovered.
Sherritt sold Kate Kelly a horse he had stolen from Kate Byrne.
When Ned Kelly's older sister, Maggie Skillion, found out she reported it to the police.
It went to court, but the case against Sherritt was dropped because the police said that the Byrnes and the Kellys were criminals and not to be trusted.
Byrne's mother said she thought the whole thing was a trick by the police to get the Kelly Gang to come out of hiding.
Late at night on 26 June 1880, Joe Byrne and Dan Kelly went to Sherritt's house at Sebastopol.
Sherritt and his family were being guarded by four policemen who were living at the house.
When Sherritt opened the door, he was shot dead by Joe Byrne.
The police did not come out of the house and remained there until the next day.
Byrne and Kelly left Sebastopol and rode across country to Glenrowan.
They knew the police would send a large group by train to Beechworth to try and capture them.
Ned Kelly and Steve Hart had gone to Glenrowan earlier and had pulled up the train tracks.
They had planned on the police sending the train to Beechworth during the night.
The plan failed when the police at Sherritt's house did not report the murder until midday.
The Parliament of Victoria is a bicameral legislature that makes the laws for the state of Victoria, Australia.
Its two houses are a lower house the Legislative Assembly, and an upper house, the Legislative Council.
The Legislative Assembly has 88 members, and the Legislative Council has 40 members.
The political party with the most members in the lower house forms the government, and is led by the Premier of Victoria.
In 2014, the Labor Party won the November election, and its leader, Daniel Andrews, became the Premier.
The third part of the Parliament is the Crown, Queen Elizabeth II.
She is represented in Victoria by the Governor of Victoria.
The current governor is Professor David de Kretser, A.C.
The parliament meets at Parliament House in Spring Street, Melbourne.
This building was also the home of the Parliament of Australia from 1901 to 1927.
Legislatures of country subdivisions
Rita Levi-Montalcini (22 April 1909 - 30 December 2012) was an Italian neurologist.
She won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her discovery of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF).
She shared the Nobel Prize with Stanley Cohen with whom she made the discovery.
Levi-Montalcini was the third of four children.
Her parents were Adamo Levi and Adele Montalcini.
She was born on April 22, 1909, in Turin, Italy.
Her father wanted her to attend a high school which prepared girls for marriage, but Levi-Montalcini did not want to have children.
Although she wanted to go to a university, her parents did not support that idea.
Three years later, her governess (nanny) got cancer.
This inspired her decision to become a doctor.
She applied for the Turin School of Medicine in 1930.
She was accepted, and she studied the nervous system, which is the system of the human brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
She graduated from school in 1936 and became a research assistant.
In 1942, Levi-Montalcini experimented on chicken embryos to study how cells were made.
Levi-Montalcini was famous for her research on cell growth.
Her first experiments were done in a small laboratory in her house.
This was because she was Jewish when Italy was ruled by a dictator called Mussolini (1883-1945).
Mussolini would not allow Jews to have a serious job.
Since Levi-Montalcini was in great danger from Germans, she fled to Florence and was in hiding until the Germans left.
Levi-Montalcini was allowed to experiment in better laboratories after World War II.
From 1944 to 1945 Levi-Montalcini cared for war refugees after becoming medicine doctor.
In the 1950s, she found a protein in the human nervous system, that she later named the  NGF.
She worked with Biochemist Stanley Cohen at Washington University, who was able to find the chemical structure of NGF and produce NGF antibodies.
Levi-Montalcini's and Cohen's work was noticed in 1986 when they were awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine.
Levi-Montalcini was the fourth woman to win the Nobel Prize.
Levi-Montalcini, Rita 1988.
In praise of imperfection: my life and work.
Basic Books, New York.
Italian centenarians
Italian Jews
The Big Chill is a 1983 American comedy-drama movie.
It is about baby boomer friends reuniting after 15 years due to a friend's suicide.
This movie stars Tom Berenger, Glenn Close and Mary Kay Place.
It was filmed in Beaufort, South Carolina and set in South Carolina.
1983 comedy-drama movies
Movies directed by Lawrence Kasdan
Nathan Joel Marquardt (born April 20, 1979 in Lander, Wyoming) is an American mixed martial artist.
He currently fights for the UFC in the middleweight division and fights out of Denver, Colorado.
Marquardt holds a second black belt in both Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Jujutsu.
His current record is 32 wins, 10 losses and 2 draws.
Nate Marquardt's Official website
Sportspeople from Wyoming
The Painted Veil is a 2006 romantic drama movie that was directed by John Curran.
It was based on the 1925 novel with the same name.
This is the third movie version of the novel the first in 1934 and the second in 1957 called The Seventh Sin.
This movie won a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score in 2006.
Edward Norton as Walter Fane
Naomi Watts as Kitty Garstin Fane
Toby Jones as Waddington
Diana Rigg as Mother Superior
Anthony Wong Chau Sang as Colonel Yu
Sally Hawkins as Mary
Liev Schreiber as Charles Townsend
Victoria Police provides police services to the people of Victoria, Australia.
It employs more than 13,800 people and has 339 police stations.
Victoria Police started in the 1850s.
One of their early jobs was to collect licence fees from miners searching for gold.
In 1854 the miners at Ballarat refused to pay the fee and built a defensive fort, known as the Eureka Stockade.
A military force of the British Army and 94 policemen attacked the stockade.
About 30 miners and four soldiers were killed.
Timothy Leif "T. J." Oshie, Jr. (born December 23, 1986 in Mount Vernon, Washington) is an American professional ice hockey center and right winger that currently plays for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He was drafted by the St. Louis Blues with the 24th overall pick in the 2005 NHL Draft.
T. J. Oshie's Official website
In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an important issue.
They have been held in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Kenya and Saudi Arabia.
In Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, they are called a Commission of Enquiry or Commission of Inquiry.
A Royal Commissioner has a lot of power, more than those of a judge but these are limited to the "Terms of Reference" of the Commission.
The Commission is created by the Head of State (the Sovereign, or his/her representative in the form of a Governor-General or Governor) on the advice of the Government.
In practice–unlike other forms of inquiry–once a Commission has started the government cannot stop it.
Because of this governments are usually very careful about framing the Terms of Reference and generally include in them a date by which the commission must finish.
Royal Commissions are called to look into very important matters and usually controversy.
For example, these can be about government structure, the treatment of minorities, or the events that had received concern from the public or economic questions.
Many Royal Commissions last many years and, often, a different government is left to respond to the findings.
In Australia–and particularly New South Wales–Royal Commissions have been investigations into police and government corruption and organised crime.
They have used the powers of the Royal Commissioner to force  powerful, but corrupt, public officials to tell the truth.
Royal Commissions are usually run by one or more notable figures.
Because of their legal powers the Commissioners are often retired senior judges.
Royal Commissions usually research issues, consult with experts both within and outside of government and the public as well.
They can call witnesses under oath, offer indemnities, seize documents and other evidence (sometimes including those normally protected, such as classified information), holding hearings in camera, and can force all government officials to help the Commission.
The results of Royal Commissions are published in, often, massive reports of findings containing policy recommendations.
They often have long and complex names, for example, the "Royal commission into whether there has been corrupt or criminal conduct by any Western Australian Police Officer".
Because of this they are commonly known by the name of the main Commissioner.
These reports are often quite important, with the government making some or all recommendations into law.
The work of some Commissions have been almost completely ignored by the government.
In other cases, where the Commissioner has not kept to the terms of reference, the commission has been stopped by a superior court.
Delmonico's is the name of series of restaurants in New York City.
The original and most famous was operated by the Delmonico family during the 19th and early 20th centuries, but the last family-owned restaurant closed due to a Prohibition-era slowdown in 1923.
Since that time restaurants using the Delmonico's name have reopened elsewhere in Manhattan under different owners.
The original Delmonico's began in a rented pastry shop at 23 William Street in 1827, appearing listed as a restaurant in 1830.
They moved several times before settling at 2 South William Street for eighty years, it is credited with being the first restaurant in America to allow patrons to order from a menu à la carte, as opposed to table d’hôte.
It is also claimed to be the first to employ a separate wine list.
Six years after they closed the doors of their last restaurateur Oscar Tucci opened a Delmonico's at 2 South William Street, which stayed in business until 1977.
Other Delmonicos have operated in the space from 1981–1992 and from 1998 to present.
The restaurant was opened by the brothers John and Peter Delmonico, from Ticino, Switzerland.
In 1831, they were joined by their nephew, Lorenzo Delmonico, who eventually became responsible for the restaurant's wine list and menu.
When the William Street building was opened on a grand scale in August 1837, after the Great Fire of New York, New Yorkers were told that the columns by the entrance had been imported from the ruins of Pompeii.
Expansion and closure
Beginning in the 1850s, the restaurant hosted the annual gathering of the New England Society of New York which featured many important speakers of the day.
In 1860, Delmonico's provided the supper at the Grand Ball welcoming the Prince of Wales at the Academy of Music on East 14th Street.
Supper was set out in a specially constructed room; the menu was French, and the pièces montées represented Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, the Great Eastern and Flora's Vase.
The New York Times reported, "We may frankly say that we have never seen a public supper served in a more inapproachable fashion, with greater discretion, or upon a more luxurious scale".
In 1862, the restaurant hired Charles Ranhofer, considered one of the greatest chefs of his day.
In 1919, Edward L.C. Robins purchased Delmonico's.
Its grand location at Fifth Avenue and 44th Street closed in 1923 as a result of changing dining habits due to Prohibition.
That was the Delmonico's linked with the original family business.
Almost immediately after the closing of the last Delmonico's, a number of imitators opened "Delmonico's" restaurants.
The Delmonico family attempted to retain exclusive rights to the name, but a court ruled that with the closing of the last restaurant the name had passed into the public domain.
Later revivals
In 1927, Oscar Tucci reopened Delmonico's popularly called "Oscar's Delmonico" at the old restaurant at 2 South William Street in New York.
Tucci used the original menus and recipes.
Tucci created the famous Wedge Salad.
Oscar's Delmonico became distinguished in its own right, continuing to attract prominent politicians and celebrities.. The Tucci legacy continued in Greenwich, CT, when Mario Tucci, son of Oscar, opened Delmonico's in 1986.
The building was vacant until 1998, when the Bice Group acquired the property and again opened a Delmonico's, with Gian Pietro Branchi as executive chef.
In 1999, the restaurant was sold to the Ocinomled partnership, which continues to operate Delmonico's at the South William Street location.
Signature dishes
Lobster Newberg, and Delmonico Potatoes were invented at Delmonico's restaurant, and possibly Chicken à la King, but it was most famous for Delmonico steak.
Eggs Benedict were also said to have originated at Delmonico’s, although others claim that dish as well.
Notable patrons
Among the many well-known people who patronized Delmonico's are Jenny Lind, who, it was said, ate there after every show, Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, "Diamond Jim" Brady, Lillian Russell, usually in the company of Diamond Jim, Charles Dickens, Oscar Wilde, J.P. Morgan, James Gordon Bennett, Jr., Walter Scott, Nikola Tesla, Edward VII, then the Prince of Wales, and Napoleon III of France.
Journalist Jacob A. Riis claimed to be a patron of a different sort: in his book, The Making of an American, he mentioned that when he was down on his luck, a kindly French-speaking cook at Delmonico’s would pass him rolls through the basement window.
Other Delmonico's
The New Orleans, Louisiana, Delmonico's, which opened in 1895, was purchased by Emeril Lagasse in 1997.
Lagasse refurbished the restaurant and reopened it as Emeril’s Delmonico.
"John Delmonico - pioneer of fine dining in America" by Milford Prewitt.
Nation's Restaurant News, February, 1996.
New York Architecture Images - Delmonico's
Website of modern-day Delmonico's restaurant in New York. (
Opened in 1998.)
1827 establishments in the United States
Frank Heller was the pen name of a Swedish writer.
His real name was Gunnar Serner.
He lived from July 20, 1886 - October 14, 1947.
He wrote a series of light novels.
His books were about suspicious international business.
Heller created the character Philip Collin in most popular books.
Collin who was a detective and a thief.
Collin also used the name Professor Pelotard.
The Emperor's Old Clothes, 1923 New York
The Marriage of Yussuf Khan, Crowell New York 1923, Hutchinson & Co London 1924
The Chinese Coats, London 1924
The Grand Duke's Finances
The Perilous Transactions of Mr. Collin, 1924
The London Adventures of Mr. Collin, 1923
Mr. Collin is Ruined, 1925
The Strange Adventures of Mr. Collin, Crowell New York 1926
The Thousand and Second Night, An Arabesque.
Williams & Norgate, London, 1926
Lead Me into Temptation, Crowell New York 1927
Twilight of the Gladiators, 1944