the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Spanish translators
Sporting Clube de Portugal, commonly called Sporting CP or Sporting is a football club from Lisbon, Portugal.
They play in the Primera LigaPrimeira Liga, the top division of Portuguese football.
They play their home games at the Estádio José Alvalade.
Winners (18): 1940–41, 1943–44, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49, 1950–51, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1957–58, 1961–62, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1999–2000, 2001–02
Winners (17): 1940–41, 1944–45, 1945–46, 1947–48, 1953–54, 1962–63, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1977–78, 1981–82, 1994–95, 2001–02, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15, 2018–19
Winners (2): 2017–18, 2018–19
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
Winners (8): 1982, 1987, 1995, 2000, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2015
Campeonato de Portugal
Winners (4): 1922–23, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1937–38
European competitions
European Cup Winners' Cup
Winners (1): 1963–64
Sporting CP at UEFA
1900s establishments in Portugal
Settlements in County Durham
Fray Luis de León (born Belmonte, in Cuenca province, of the Castilian region of La Mancha, Spain, in 1527 – 23 August 1591) was a Spanish lyric poet and an Augustinian canon, of the Spanish Golden Age.
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) was the first to show the way in which it works.
He did this in an experiment using dogs.
Pavlov noticed that the dogs naturally salivated when they saw food.
This behaviour did not need to be taught.
In this example, the food is an unconditioned stimulus.
He paired this unconditioned stimulus (showing food to the dogs) with another, neutral stimulus: the ringing of a bell.
Pavlov discovered that, if the two stimuli are presented together again and again, the organism learns that they belong together.
As a result, it is enough to show the neutral stimulus to get a conditioned response or reflex.
Classical conditioning is an important factor in everyday life.
It can be applied in many areas such as behavioural therapies, responses to drugs and in modern day marketing strategies.
Classical conditioning is different from operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a different kind of learning.
It happens when an individual or animal learns a behaviour as a result of a consequence of that behaviour.
For example, a child may learn to open a box to get some sweets.
So, when a behaviour has a good result, the organism learns to associate the behaviour with this good result.
As such, learning the behaviour and repeating it.
So, operant conditioning explains voluntary changes in behaviour.
Classical conditioning explains how reflexes are trained.
Unconditioned stimulus: This is the thing that causes an automatic response.
In Pavlov’s experiment, the unconditioned stimulus is the food.
Unconditioned response: This is what naturally happens when a person or animal experiences the unconditioned stimulus.
Such as salivating from the sight of food.
Conditioned stimulus: This is the neutral stimulus (the ringing of a bell).
When it is frequently presented together with the unconditioned stimulus, it will start to cause the same automatic response.
Conditioned response: This is the learned response to the conditioned stimulus (the bell).
It is the same as the unconditioned response.
At the end of Pavlov’s experiment, the dogs salivated at the sound of the bell, even when no food was shown.
Generalisation: This happens when an organism responds in the same way when presented with similar things.
For example, the dogs salivate when they hear similar bells because they generalise what they learned.
Discrimination: This is the opposite to generalisation.
The dogs will not salivate when they hear a whistle because they can tell the difference.
Extinction: Extinction happens when the conditioned stimulus (the bell) is presented without the unconditioned stimulus (the food) for a long amount of time.
In the end, the dog will unlearn the conditioned response.
The conditioned response becomes extinct.
Behavioural therapies
The same learning process that develops a conditioned response can be used to teach a new behaviour or change old ones.
Some mental health therapies are often linked to classical conditioning.
Aversion therapy aims to stop a harmful behaviour by replacing a positive response with a negative one.
This makes a person associate the harmful behaviour with a bad feeling.
For example, a doctor can give a person a medicine that makes them sick (unwell) if they drink alcohol.
This person will learn to associate the drinking of alcohol with feeling ill.
Systematic desensitisation is often used to treat phobias and other anxiety disorders.
The person is exposed to what they fear or what causes them to feel anxious.
The therapy aims to condition a response of relaxation instead.
This is a form of counterconditioning.
In time, the feared stimulus produces a conditioned response of relaxation.
Flooding is similar to desensitisation.
This therapy directly exposes the person to their phobias and anxieties.
For example, a person who is claustrophobic is locked in a small room for some time.
This aims to expose the person to their feared thing in a safe environment and help them overcome their fears.
Conditioned drug response
First, a drug user may become more tolerant to a drug if it is taken in similar surroundings (a similar setting) every time.
This is because the familiar setting will bring about a compensatory response.
As a result, taking the drug in similar settings will help your body tolerate the drug.
Alternatively, taking the drug outside of the regular setting will make it harder (more difficult) for your body to manage its effects.
For this reason, overdose is more common when a user takes a drug in a new setting.
In other cases, the opposite may happen.
If a stimulus is present every time a drug is taken, the stimulus alone may produce a conditioned physiological response the same as the effect of the drug.
For example, people who drink lots of coffee may experience the feeling of being alert (wide awake) from the smell of coffee.
So, without drinking coffee, they experience the same effects from only the smell.
Classical conditioning theory is used in the modern day to elicit a certain response.
A common example is its use in advertising.
Advertisers will attempt to make consumers associate their product with a good feeling or response.
For example, beauty adverts will use models with clear skin to advertise their products.
This will make people associate the product with smooth, healthy skin.
William "Bill" Dodgin (17 April 1909 – 16 October 1999) was an English football player and manager.
Arthur Nikisch  (born Lébény Szent Miklós, Hungary,  12 October 1855; died Leipzig,  23 January 1922) was a Hungarian conductor.
He conducted in Germany as well as internationally and was thought of as the greatest conductor of his time.
Arthur Nikisch was born in  Hungary (then the Austro-Hungarian Empire).
His father was from Moravia, his mother was Hungarian.
As a child he showed exceptional musical talent.
He learned the piano and the violin and studied at the Vienna Conservatory, where he won prizes for composition and for playing the violin and piano.
He was playing the violin in the orchestra when Richard Wagner conducted a concert in Bayreuth to celebrate the beginning of the building of his new theatre: the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.
He joined the Vienna Court Orchestra where he played in concerts that were conducted by famous composers such as Brahms, Liszt, Verdi and Wagner.
Soon he started his career as conductor in Leipzig.
He quickly became internationally famous.
In 1889 he was invited to conduct the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
He conducted many concerts in the USA.
In 1893 he became conductor of the Budapest Opera.
Two years later he also became conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, taking the place of Carl Reinecke.
In the same year he also became the main conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic.
He remained conductor of these two world famous orchestras until his death.
Nikisch gave concerts all over the world, appearing as guest conductor with great orchestras such as the Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra.
In 1912 he took the London Symphony Orchestra to the USA, the first European Orchestra to tour there (fortunately they cancelled their booking on the RMS Titanic at the last moment).
He conducted at the Leipzig Opera and taught conducting at the Leipzig Conservatory.
Nikisch was famous for his conducting of the great Romantic composers such as Schumann, Brahms, Bruckner, Tchaikovsky and Wagner as well as Beethoven.
He had a great influence on the next generation of conductors including Wilhelm Furtwängler and Sir Adrian Boult.
He helped composers such as Mahler, Max Reger and Richard Strauss to become famous by performing their music.
Nikisch married the singer Amélie Heusner.
Their son Mitja became a successful pianist.
Compton is a city in Los Angeles County, California.
It is southeast of Los Angeles, and is on the right side of the Los Angeles River.
One stream that flows through it is called Compton Creek.
The city's total land area is 10.2 square miles (26.4 aquare kilometers).
The city, incorporated in 1888, now has a population of 94,425.
Its current mayor is Aja Brown.
The city was known for having one of the highest crime rates in the United States.
Compton has been experiencing gentrification.
Compton now has a large Latino and Mexican population.
Sibi Division () was an administrative division of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.
Quetta Division () was an administrative division of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.
Zhob Division () was an administrative division of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.
Rawalpindi Division () was one of the administrative subdivisions of the Punjab province of Pakistan, forming part of the third tier of government below the federal and provincial levels.
Divisions were composed of districts which formed the fourth tier of government, but the local government reform of 2000 abolished administrative divisions and raised the districts to become the new third tier of government.
Faisalabad Division () was an administrative division of the Punjab Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.
At abolition it contained the following districts: Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Jhang.
The Billups Neon Crossing Signal was a special signal to warn car and truck drivers that a train was coming.
It was placed at a  dangerous Illinois Central railroad crossing on Mississippi State Route 7 in Grenada, Mississippi.
It was put up in the mid-1930s by inventor Alonzo Billups.
Mr. Billups and the railroad were worried; the crossing had many accidents between trains and motor vehicles.
He wanted drivers who were going to cross the tracks to know that a train was coming and he wanted to do it in a very big way.
The Billups signal was built like a giant steel gantry which went up and over the entire highway.
This is similar to crossing signals used today in North America; Mr. Billups' signal may have been the very first time such a signal was built.
A pair of flashing red lights similar to those used today topped giant neon signs on either side of the big gantry.
The signs lit up with the words "Stop-DEATH-Stop" along with a neon skull and crossbones.
Flashing neon arrows pointed toward the train to tell drivers which way the train was coming.
The Billups Neon Crossing Signal even had a special way of warning drivers with sound.
Instead of the electric or electronic bells used now, this signal used a very loud air raid siren.
After World War II started, neon became hard to get.
The signal had electrical problems as well.
Often, the air raid siren would go off even if no train was coming and it wouldn't shut off until the railroad sent a repair crew.
No more of these special signals were ever built and the only one ever built was taken down after less than twenty years.
Kalmbach Publishing, TRAINS Magazine, May 2003, Stop-DEATH-Stop, "Railroad Reading"
The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton.
It is between the phalanges (bones of the fingers)  and the carpals which form the connection to the forearm.
The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones.
The calcareous sponges of class Calcarea are members of the animal phylum Porifera, the cellular sponges.
They are characterized by spicules made out of calcium carbonate.
Typically, the Calcarea are very small, measuring about 7-10 cm (3-4 inches) in height.
Of the 15,000 or so species of Porifera that exist, only 400 of those are Calcareans.
Richea is a genus of shrubs or trees in the family Ericaceae.
The number of species is 10—12.
The genus is very close with genus Dracophyllum.
It is evergreen plants with the long leaves.
Flowers are small; its color is white, yellow, pink or red.
The most well-known species is Richea pandanifolia.
Its height may be 15 m. The common English name of this plant is the giant grass tree.
Germplasm Resources Information Network: Richea
NCBI: Richea
The unique flora of Tasmania: Richea
The New Age, also called the New Age movement is a kind of spiritual belief and way of life held by some westerners.
It is not an organized religion.
They believe in religious pluralism- that people are free to decide what they believe and how they use it in their lives.
They pick and mix what they believe with bits taken from both eastern and western culture and religions.
They make their own decisions about what God is and how they worship God, if they even believe in God at all.
New Age people often meditate, sometimes to seek their own contact with God.
Many authors describe how they see the New Age in books.
There is also New Age music which tends to be calm and relaxing.
New Age people say a time is coming when people will be more aware of their own special spiritual nature and this will make the world a different and better place.
Sone Aluko  (born 19 February 1989) is an English-Nigerian football player.
Tilia nasczokinii (Nasczokin's linden or Nasczokin's lime) is a shrub or tree in the family Malvaceae.
The species is rare, and grows in Siberia, Russia.
Its habitat is coniferous Pinus sylvestris forests.
It is deciduous, and grows up to 20 m. high.
Botanical details
Tilia nasczokinii is a mesophyte, shade-tolerant, entomophylous plant.
Leaves are cordate, ovate, or broadly ovate, their length is 5—15 cm.
Inflorescens 1-3-flowered.
Flowers are small, white-yellow, their diameter is 0.8—1 cm, stigmata are stellate.
Ovary is stripe-hairy.
Long hairs and short hairs are in longitudinal, alternating rows.
Young ovary with white hairs, mature ovary with rusty hairs.
A fruit is flat-spherical.
Zipcodezoo: Tilia nasczokinii
Chendo (born 12 October, 1961) is a former Spanish football player.
|1981-82||rowspan="17"|Real Madrid||rowspan="17"|La Liga||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|1982-83||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|1983-84||21||0||5||0||0||0||0||0||26||0
|1984-85||25||0||1||0||6||0||11||0||43||0
|1985-86||30||0||5||0||0||0||10||0||45||0
|1986-87||40||0||6||0||0||0||8||0||52||0
|1987-88||31||1||7||0||0||0||8||0||46||1
|1988-89||26||0||7||0||0||0||5||0||38||0
|1989-90||37||1||5||0||0||0||4||0||46||1
|1990-91||36||0||0||0||0||0||5||0||41||0
|1991-92||37||0||7||0||0||0||10||0||54||0
|1992-93||12||0||4||0||0||0||2||0||18||0
|1993-94||12||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||12||0
|1994-95||10||1||0||0||0||0||2||0||12||1
|1995-96||23||0||2||0||0||0||4||0||27||0
|1996-97||16||0||2||0||0||0||0||0||18||0
|1997-98||4||0||1||0||0||0||1||0||6||0
Manuel Jiménez Jiménez (born 21 January, 1964) is a former Spanish football player.
|1983-84||rowspan="14"|Sevilla||rowspan="14"|La Liga||1||0
|1984-85||13||0
|1985-86||30||0
|1986-87||43||0
|1987-88||36||1
|1988-89||36||0
|1989-90||37||0
|1990-91||23||0
|1991-92||33||0
|1992-93||25||0
|1993-94||2||0
|1994-95||27||0
|1995-96||32||0
|1996-97||16||0
|1997-98||Real Jaén||Segunda División||0||0
Genar Andrinúa (born 9 May, 1964) is a former Spanish football player.
|1983-84||rowspan="2"|Athletic Bilbao||rowspan="2"|La Liga||1||0
|1984-85||1||0
|1985-86||Real Valladolid||La Liga||34||2
|1986-87||rowspan="11"|Athletic Bilbao||rowspan="11"|La Liga||36||3
|1987-88||29||2
|1988-89||34||1
|1989-90||33||0
|1990-91||29||3
|1991-92||32||1
|1992-93||38||1
|1993-94||21||1
|1994-95||26||1
|1995-96||16||2
|1996-97||8||1
|1988||10||1
Total||28||2
Manuel Sanchís Hontiyuelo (born 23 May, 1965) is a former Spanish football player.
His father was Manuel Sanchís Martínez.
|1983-84||rowspan="18"|Real Madrid||rowspan="18"|La Liga||18||3
|1984-85||30||4
|1985-86||28||1
|1987-88||33||9
|1988-89||33||3
|1989-90||34||3
|1990-91||31||2
|1991-92||37||1
|1992-93||37||1
|1993-94||32||1
|1994-95||37||1
|1995-96||32||1
|1997-98||32||1
|1998-99||33||0
|1999-00||14||0
|2000-01||5||0
Total||48||1
Rafael Martín Vázquez (born 25 September, 1965) is a former Spanish football player.
|1983/84||rowspan="7"|Real Madrid||rowspan="7"|La Liga||19||1
|1984/85||13||0
|1985/86||16||3
|1986/87||25||5
|1987/88||35||5
|1988/89||35||7
|1989/90||34||14
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Torino||rowspan="2"|Serie A||24||1
|1991/92||28||1
|1992/93||Olympique Marseille||Division 1||7||1
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||19||4
|1993/94||19||3
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Deportivo La Coruña||rowspan="2"|La Liga||5||0
|1996/97||12||2
|1997/98||Atlético Celaya||||10||0
|1998/99||Karlsruhe||2.
Bundesliga||5||0
Total||38||1
Miguel Pardeza (born 8 February, 1965) is a former Spanish football player.
|1982-83||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||0||0
|1983-84||3||0
|1984-85||0||0
|1985-86||Real Zaragoza||La Liga||26||5
|1986-87||Real Madrid||La Liga||25||5
|1987-88||rowspan="10"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="10"|La Liga||28||11
|1988-89||20||4
|1989-90||37||15
|1990-91||37||13
|1991-92||22||6
|1992-93||33||4
|1993-94||26||5
|1994-95||34||11
|1995-96||26||2
|1998-99||rowspan="2"|Puebla||rowspan="2"|Primera División||17||4
|1999-00||15||2
Quique Sánchez Flores (born 2 February 1965) is a former Spanish football player.
|1984/85||rowspan="10"|Valencia||rowspan="2"|La Liga||25||0
|1985/86||31||1
|1986/87||Segunda División||40||10
|1987/88||rowspan="7"|La Liga||21||1
|1988/89||28||0
|1989/90||19||3
|1990/91||30||1
|1991/92||26||3
|1992/93||22||0
|1993/94||30||5
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Real Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||30||1
|1995/96||33||1
|1996/97||Real Zaragoza||La Liga||9||0
Fernando Gómez Colomer (born 11 September, 1965) is a former Spanish football player.
|1983-84||rowspan="15"|Valencia||rowspan="3"|La Liga||14||4
|1984-85||28||5
|1985-86||15||5
|1986-87||Segunda División||38||9
|1987-88||rowspan="11"|La Liga||35||10
|1988-89||36||15
|1990-91||24||12
|1991-92||36||12
|1992-93||38||13
|1993-94||30||15
|1994-95||37||11
|1995-96||42||13
|1996-97||29||1
|1997-98||21||3
|1998-99||Wolverhampton Wanderers||First Division||19||2
|1998-99||rowspan="2"|Castellón||rowspan="2"|Segunda División B||0||0
|1999-00||35||10
|1990||4||1
Francisco Villarroya (born 6 August, 1966) is a former Spanish football player.
|1984-85||rowspan="6"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="6"|La Liga||1||0
|1985-86||0||0
|1986-87||2||0
|1987-88||23||1
|1988-89||37||1
|1989-90||37||4
|1990-91||rowspan="4"|Real Madrid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||36||0
|1991-92||34||1
|1992-93||9||0
|1994-95||rowspan="2"|Deportivo La Coruña||rowspan="2"|La Liga||17||0
|1995-96||25||0
|1996-97||rowspan="2"|Sporting Gijón||rowspan="2"|La Liga||38||2
|1997-98||13||0
|1998-99||Badajoz||Segunda División||19||1
People from Zaragoza
Juan Carlos Ablanedo (born 2 September, 1963) is a former Spanish football player.
He has played for Sporting Gijón and Spain national team.
|1982-83||rowspan="16"|Sporting Gijón||rowspan="16"|La Liga||1||0
|1983-84||2||0
|1985-86||34||0
|1986-87||42||0
|1987-88||28||0
|1988-89||18||0
|1989-90||31||0
|1990-91||32||0
|1991-92||0||0
|1992-93||29||0
|1993-94||18||0
|1994-95||34||0
|1995-96||36||0
|1996-97||40||0
|1997-98||21||0
Alberto Górriz (born 16 February, 1958) is a former Spanish football player.
He has played for Real Sociedad and Spain national team.
|1977-78||rowspan="16"|Real Sociedad||rowspan="16"|La Liga||0||0
|1978-79||4||0
|1979-80||15||0
|1980-81||32||0
|1981-82||34||0
|1982-83||31||1
|1983-84||34||1
|1985-86||34||1
|1986-87||41||1
|1987-88||37||6
|1988-89||36||1
|1989-90||38||2
|1990-91||37||0
|1991-92||36||1
|1992-93||19||0
Roberto Fernández Bonillo (born 5 July 1962) is a former Spanish football player.
|1977-78||rowspan="2"|Villarreal||||0||0
|1978-79||||0||0
|1979-80||rowspan="2"|Castellón||rowspan="2"|Segunda División||0||0
|1980-81||0||0
|1981-82||rowspan="5"|Valencia||rowspan="5"|La Liga||24||5
|1982-83||34||9
|1983-84||31||8
|1984-85||30||11
|1985-86||16||3
|1986-87||rowspan="4"|Barcelona||rowspan="4"|La Liga||40||10
|1987-88||34||5
|1988-89||37||11
|1989-90||33||9
|1990-91||rowspan="5"|Valencia||rowspan="5"|La Liga||29||4
|1991-92||32||8
|1992-93||29||6
|1993-94||6||0
|1994-95||28||4
|1995-96||rowspan="4"|Villarreal||rowspan="3"|Segunda División||36||3
|1996-97||33||2
|1997-98||36||1
|1998-99||La Liga||37||2
|1999-00||rowspan="2"|Córdoba||rowspan="2"|Segunda División||0||0
|2000-01||0||0
|1982||2||0
|1988||4||1
Total||29||2
Rafael Paz (born August 2, 1965) is a former Spanish football player.
|1983-84||Granada||Segunda División||0||0
|1984-85||rowspan="13"|Sevilla||rowspan="13"|La Liga||1||0
|1985-86||1||0
|1986-87||39||2
|1989-90||37||6
|1990-91||23||1
|1991-92||24||2
|1992-93||33||3
|1994-95||35||4
|1995-96||31||2
|1996-97||28||2
|1997-98||Atlético Celaya||||14||1
People from Granada
Manuel Sánchez Delgado (born 17 January, 1965) is a former Spanish football player.
|1982-83||Cacereño||Tercera División||0||0
|1983-84||rowspan="2"|Sabadell||Segunda División B||0||0
|1984-85||Segunda División||0||0
|1985-86||rowspan="3"|Real Murcia||Segunda División||0||0
|1986-87||rowspan="2"|La Liga||36||12
|1987-88||37||9
|1988-89||rowspan="7"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="7"|La Liga||35||9
|1989-90||34||12
|1990-91||37||16
|1991-92||36||27
|1993-94||25||4
|1994-95||25||3
|1995-96||rowspan="2"|Mérida||La Liga||0||0
|1996-97||Segunda División||0||0
|1991||7||2
Total||28||9
José Manuel Ochotorena (born 16 January, 1961) is a former Spanish football player.
|1981-82||rowspan="7"|Real Madrid||rowspan="7"|La Liga||1||0
|1983-84||0||0
|1984-85||3||0
|1985-86||23||0
|1987-88||2||0
|1988-89||rowspan="4"|Valencia||rowspan="4"|La Liga||37||0
|1990-91||40||0
|1992-93||rowspan="2"|Tenerife||rowspan="2"|La Liga||4||0
|1993-94||8||0
|1994-95||Logroñés||La Liga||20||0
|1995-96||Racing Santander||La Liga||1||0
Ron McGovney (born November 2, 1963) was Metallica's first bassist before Cliff Burton.
He was only in the band for one demo recording and then left the band due to personal issues with the other members.
McGovney, Ron
Tyrannosauridae is a taxonomic family of theropods.
These dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous have been found only in North America and Asia.
They lived in the later part of the period, 88 to 65 million years ago.
Family Tyrannosauridae
Subfamily Albertosaurinae
Subfamily Tyrannosaurinae
Subfamily Tarbosaurinae
Alioramus?
Alectrosaurus?
Kyle Martino was born on February 19, 1981 in Atlanta, Georgia.
He is an American soccer player who has played for the Columbus Crew, Manchester United and the Los Angeles Galaxy.
US Airways Flight 1549 was an airplane flight that landed in the Hudson River in New York City on January 15, 2009.
The plane was on a commercial flight with 155 people on board and had left LaGuardia Airport six minutes earlier, but it had to land after a flock of birds hit its engines.
The event was remarkable because no one died.
Because of this, the event was called the Miracle on the Hudson.
In 2016 a film was made recreating the crash.
The film is named Sully, after the plane's main pilot Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger.
The plane took off from LaGuardia Airport at 3:26 pm.
It was going to fly to Charlotte, North Carolina, and then it would fly onwards to Seattle, Washington state.
Two minutes after the plane left the ground, it flew into a flock of Canada geese.
Some of the geese were sucked into the plane's two engines.
Both engines stopped working.
The pilots, Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles, realized that they needed to land the plane as soon as possible.
They thought about heading back to LaGuardia Airport or trying to land at Teterboro Airport in New Jersey.
They decided that they could not land at an airport and instead they would have to land the plane in the river.
This was also dangerous for two reasons.
Firstly, the plane would break apart if it hit the water too quickly or if it hit something else.
Secondly, the passengers would drown if they were not rescued quickly, as it would be hard to swim in the cold river.
The pilots landed the plane in the river at 3:31 pm.
The plane started to slowly fill with water and sink.
The passengers climbed out onto the wings and life rafts of the plane.
Sullenberger had landed the plane near some boats, and the first boats reached the plane a few minutes after the landing.
The boats rescued the passengers and crew.
By 3:55 pm, everyone had been rescued.
They were taken to both sides of the river.
24 passengers and two rescuers had to go to a hospital, but most of them left the hospitals before the end of the day.
The National Transportation Safety Board investigated the event.
In May 2010, they released a report which said that Sullenberger had made the right decision.
The plane is now on display in the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte.
Drum and bass (also known as D&B or DnB) is a form of electronic dance music.
It began in the 1990s in the United Kingdom.
It usually has a certain tempo and heavy bass.
Disc jockeys sometimes play this music.
Famous drum and bass artists
Pendulum (Australia)
Aphrodite (United Kingdom)
Teebee (Norway)
Logistics (United Kingdom)
High Contrast (United Kingdom)
London Elektricity (United Kingdom)
Andy C (United Kingdom)
Sub Focus (United Kingdom)
Noisia (Netherlands)
Netsky (Belgium)
BassDrive - a worldwide internet D&B radio network
dnbradio.net - a 24-hour internet D&B radio network
Hospital Records (D&B record label) official website
John F. Kennedy International Airport  is an international airport.
It is on Long Island, in Queens County, New York in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 km) from Lower Manhattan.
More people who fly into or out of the United States fly though this airport than any other.
Also, the most air cargo is brought into or out of the United States through this airport.
The airport is run by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which also runs the two other major airports in the New York area, Newark Liberty International Airport and LaGuardia Airport.
JFK airport is the base of operations for JetBlue Airways.
It is also a major international airline hub for Delta Air Lines and American Airlines.
Ninety airlines operate out of JFK.
Airports in New York
Otto Klemperer (born Breslau, 14 May 1885; died Zürich, 6 July 1973) was a German-born conductor and composer.
He is thought of as one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century.
Klemperer was born in Breslau, Silesia, which was then in Germany, but is now called Wrocław in Poland.
He was born into a Jewish family.
He studied music at the Conservatory in Frankfurt am Main, and then went to Berlin where he studied conducting and composition with Hans Pfitzner.
In 1905 he met Gustav Mahler who was very impressed with him.
He recommended him for the job of conductor at the German Opera in Prague.
He soon got jobs in other places: Hamburg, Barmen, Strasbourg, Cologne and Wiesbaden.
He was offered a job at the Berlin Staatsoper, but he did not want it because he thought he would not be able to do things there the way he wanted.
However, four years later, in 1927, he took a job with a special branch of the Staatsoper which had been started in order to perform new music in modern (non-traditional) performances.
They played in the Kroll Theatre.
Klemperer became very famous for the performances that he conducted there.
The Kroll Theatre had been started by politicians who supported the Weimar Republic.
They wanted opera to be different from the traditional operas that were performed in the Theatre Unter den Linden supported by the monarchy.
The operas that Klemperer conducted there included Leoš Janáček's From the House of the Dead, Arnold Schönberg's Erwartung, Igor Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex, and Paul Hindemith's Cardillac.
By 1931 the political situation had changed and the Kroll Opera was shut down.
By 1933 the Nazis had gained power and Klemperer left Germany and went to the United States where he took U.S. nationality.
He became conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra (1933-39) and also conducted the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Pittsburg Orchestra.
However he was not happy in the United States where the musical culture and music critics were largely out of sympathy with his Weimar modernism and he felt he was not properly valued.
He hoped for a permanent position as lead conductor in New York or Philadelphia.
But in 1936 he was passed over in both - first in Philadelphia, where Eugene Ormandy succeeded Stokowski at the Philadelphia Orchestra, and then in New York, where Toscanini's departure left a vacancy at the New York Philharmonic but John Barbirolli and Artur Rodzinski were engaged in preference to Klemperer.
The New York decision was particularly galling, as Klemperer had been engaged to conduct the first fourteen weeks of the New York Philharmonic's 1935-6 season.
Klemperer's bitterness at this decision was voiced in a letter he wrote to Arthur Judson, who ran the orchestra: "that the society did not re-engage me is the strongest offense, the sharpest insult to me as artist, which I can imagine.
You see, I am no youngster.
I have a name and a good name.
One could not use me in a most difficult season and then expel me.
This non-reengagement will have very bad results not only for me in New York but in the whole world.... This non-reengagement is an absolutely unjustified wrong done to me by the Philharmonic Society."
In 1939 he had a serious illness and was operated on for a brain tumour.
For some time he was not well enough to work.
Then from 1947 to 1950 he returned to Europe to conduct the Budapest Opera.
In the early 1950s Klemperer experienced difficulties arising from his U.S. citizenship.
American union policies made it difficult for him to record in Europe, while his left wing views made him increasingly unpopular with the State Department and FBI.
In 1952 the United States refused to renew his passport.
In 1954 Klemperer again returned to Europe, becoming conductor of the Philharmonia Orchestra in London.
He took German nationality.
By this time Furtwängler was dead and Toscanini had retired, so Klemperer was thought of as the greatest conductor of German music.
He was given a recording contract by EMI.
His concerts and many recordings with the Philharmonia brought him world-wide recognition.
He lived in Switzerland but spent much time in London conducting.
Klemperer became an Israeli citizen in 1970.
He retired from conducting in 1971 and died in Zürich in 1973, aged 88.
Klemperer’s performances that we have on record show us that he was a musician who understood the shape of a musical work perfectly.
He often chose slow speeds, but the music could sound very heroic.
His health problems included manic depression which made him sometimes very difficult to work with.
He also had a bad fall in Montreal.
From then onwards he always had to sit down to conduct.
He also burnt himself badly because he was smoking in bed, and he tried to put out the flames with a glass of whisky which made the fire worse.
The New Groves Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed.
Peter Heyworth, Otto Klemperer: His Life and Times, Cambridge UP, Vols 1 and 2; 1996;
Joseph Horowitz, Review, The American Scholar, Spring 1997(v.66, pp.
307–10)
Stamford Hill railway station is in Travelcard Zone 3, on the Seven Sisters branch of the Lea Valley Lines.
The entrance hall of the station on Amhurst Park is in the London Borough of Hackney, but the platform area is in Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey in north east London.
Railway stations in the London Borough of Hackney
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Hackney
Aum Shinrikyo is a Japanese cult movement founded by Shoko Asahara which carried out a terrorist attack on a Tokyo subway in 1995.
Although it claims to be a new religious movement, several governments regard it as a terrorist movement.
Aum members used a poisonous gas called Sarin for their attack.
In five attacks, they released sarin on several lines of the Tokyo subway.
This killed thirteen people, and severely injured fifty.
It caused temporary vision problems for nearly a thousand others.
After the event, the movement renamed itself "Aleph".
Aum Shinrikyo had been formally designated a terrorist organization by several entities, including Canada, and the United States.
On 10 October 1995, Aum Shinrikyo was ordered to be stripped of its official status as a "religious legal entity" and was declared bankrupt in early 1996.
However the group continues to operate under the constitutional guarantee of freedom of religion.
It is funded by a successful computer business and donations, and is kept under strict surveillance.
Attempts to ban the group altogether under the 1952 Subversive Activities Prevention Law were rejected by the Public Security Examination Commission in January 1997.
In April 2011 the Public Security Intelligence Agency stated that Aum currently had about 1,500 members.
At the end of July 2011 the cult reported its membership as 1,030.
The group was reportedly active in trying to recruit new members among Japan's youth via social media websites and proselytizing on college campuses.
Elysian Valley is a neighborhood of the city of Los Angeles, California.
It was originally called "Gopher Flats" when it was first built.
Today, it is sometimes known as "Frogtown" for the many frogs that come in from the nearby Los Angeles River.
There are also neighborhoods in Los Angeles called Elysian Park and Elysian Heights.
They are separated from Elysian Valley by Interstate 5
Glen Canyon is a canyon that runs from Utah to Arizona, in the United States.
It was carved by the Colorado River, which flows to the Pacific Ocean many miles away.
Most of it is flooded by Lake Powell, created by the Glen Canyon Dam.
The reservoir is highly controversial, and in recent years many environmentalism groups have called for its removal.
Woodstock is a city and the county seat of Oxford County, Ontario in southwestern Ontario, Canada.
Woodstock is 128 km southwest of Toronto, north of Highway 401 (Ontario) along the historic Thames River (Ontario).
It is known as the Dairy Capital of Canada and promotes itself as "The Friendly City."
In 2006, 35,480 people lived in Woodstock.
The community was first settled in 1800 after it was determined by Sir John Graves Simcoe, governor of what was then known as Upper Canada, that the area would make a good townsite.
The early settlers were American immigrants from New York state.
Increased immigration from Great Britain followed in the 1820s and 1830s.
Woodstock was incorporated as a town in 1851 and a city in 1901.
Vansittart Avenue (named after Admiral Henry Vansittart, an early settler) in Woodstock's west end has one of the finest residential Victorian streetscapes in the province.
Woodstock has a community center that hosts hockey games in addition to many social gatherings.
The city government, Woodstock City Council, consists of four city councillors and two city and county councillors.
Trevor Birtch is the current mayor, following a hard fought and demanding campaign.
Oxford Centre is the district in which Woodstock is included when voting in federal elections.
Currently, the MP of Oxford is Dave MacKenzie (of the Conservative party).
Devastating tornado
On August 7, 1979, the Woodstock area was hit by three tornadoes, two of which registered at least F4 on the Fujita Scale.
On the west side of town along Ingersoll Road, a Dominion Food Store was heavily damaged while the tornadoes skipped over every other home and business.
Dickson's Florist was wiped out and the Fry home was moved on its foundation.
Father Grondziel of the new Polish Roman Catholic Church, next to the Dominion Food Store, had just stepped into the washroom when one of the tornadoes passed by and took off the roof of the church and everything in the room he had just been in.
No one on the street was injured and the cleanup took many weeks.
On the south side, the buildings of the Maranatha Christian Reformed Church and the John Knox Christian School were destroyed, and the only fatality occurred when a vehicle on Highway 401 was blown off the road and the lone occupant killed.
Old St. Paul's Anglican Church
One of Woodstock's most notable historic sites is Old St. Paul's Church, the mother church of the Anglican Communion in Oxford County.
The church was built in 1834.
It is near the intersection of Huron and Dundas Streets.
It used as a temporary jail during the rebellion of 1837.
The church is a beautiful, brick cruciform structure surrounded by Woodstock's oldest cemetery.
It has original box pews and dozens of memorial tablets commemorating prominent Woodstock citizens.
Springbank Snow Countess
The statue was first unveiled on August 4, 1937 by the Holstein Frisian Association of Canada.
Snow Countess was born on November 18, 1919 and died at age 16 on August 9, 1936.
During her lifetime, she produced 9,062 pounds of butterfat, impressive at the time.
The statue and granite base cost $4,000 to design and erect.
Pittock Dam
Construction was started on the dam in 1964 and officially completed in 1967.
The cost of the dam and land base at that time was close to $6 million.
Present annual maintenance costs are about $40,000.
The Pittock Dam is designed for both flood control and flow augmentation purposes.
It is designed to benefit water quality downstream during dry summer conditions and provide year round flood control capability to protect downstream communities.
Woodstock Airport
Toyota Plant
In June 2005, Toyota, the world's second largest automaker, announced plans to build a new, $800 million automobile assembly plant in Woodstock on a 1,000-acre (4 km²) undeveloped undeveloped site in the city's northeast end.
The plant was expected to employ 2000 people and begin full production of the Toyota RAV4 SUV in November 2008, at the rate of 150,000 a year.
However, due to the recent economic problems and the slowing car sales, Toyota announced that production would be cut by 50% to 75,000 a year and the work force shrunk 40% to 1200 people.
Fortunately the other 800 workers are expected to be recalled when car sales increase.
It was the first new auto assembly plant to be built in Canada in two decades.
Hino Motor Sales Canada
Woodstock Organ Company
A major Canadian piano and organ and reed organ company operated under the name of Woodstock Organ Company for many years of the early twentieth century.
It was owned by D W Karn, who was at one time mayor of Woodstock.
Karn had previously operated an organ and piano manufacturing company under his own name.
Woodstock has one daily newspaper owned by Sun Media Corporation, the Woodstock Sentinel-Review.
FM 94.3 - CJFH, "Hope FM" Christian music
FM 103.9 - CKDK 1039 FM (The Hawk)Oldies
FM 104.7 - CIHR, "Heart FM" adult contemporary
Local public transit service is available daily except Sunday on six routes.
No service is provided after 18:30.
Provincial Highway 401 is at the south and east edges of the city, with the junction of Highway 403 east of the urban area.
Many Oxford County highways and other roads radiate from Woodstock.
Art Williams.
Bits & Pieces: A Montage of Woodstock, Ontario in Text and Pictures.
Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills, 1967, 1990.
City of Woodstock official website
Oxford County Official website
Information Oxford  Business directory, Events, Social Services etc.
1800 establishments
1800s establishments in Canada
Nortel  was a large Canadian telecommunications company and one of the oldest technology companies.
It was founded in Montreal.
The company started making phones in 1895 and the company was called Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company.
At the end of the 20th century Nortel had over ninety thousand employees.
Nortel's value formed thirty percent of the capital of the Toronto Stock Exchange.
Nortel  filed for bankruptcy in 2009.
In 2020 the Vancouver Sun speculated that corporate espionage by  Huawei  caused  Nortel’s failure.
The First 100 Years
1895 The company was created
1900 The company started making wind-up phonographs.
1913 Headquarters moved to Montreal
1914 The Company merged with Imperial Cable
1922 The Company started making radios
1928 The company made the first talking movie sound system
1953 The company started making television sets
1958 The world's longest microwave system
1969 Started engineering digital telephone system
1972 Opened a factory in Michigan USA
1975 Shipped first digital phone system
1976 The company changes names to Northern Telecom
1977 The company started selling digital central office telephone systems
1984 The company was the first non-Japanese company to supply equipment to Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
1995 The company starts engineering of a terabit switch
Technology companies of Canada
2009 in Canada
The North Magnetic Pole is one of two places on the Earth where its magnetic field points vertically downwards.
The other is the South Magnetic Pole.
At any other place on earth, the magnetic field points to the North Magnetic Pole.
This is why a compass works to find where north is.
The North Magnetic Pole is not identical to the North Pole, which is the geographic north pole.
It wanders slowly.
In 2001, a team of scientists estimated that the North Magnetic Pole is near Ellesmere Island in northern Canada at .
It was estimated to be at  in 2005.
Because the North Magnetic Pole is different from the North Pole, a compass does not always point straight north.
But usually the difference is small.
Because the Earth's magnetic field is not symmetrical, the South Magnetic Pole is not directly opposite.
A line drawn from one to the other does not pass through the centre of the Earth.
Upper Canada College (UCC) is a private lower grades and high school for boys in Toronto, Canada.
Students between senior kindergarten and grade twelve study under the International Baccalaureate program.
Located in central Toronto on 35 acres of green space, UCC's mission to deliver transformational learning experiences is supported by expert faculty, cutting-edge facilities and wide-ranging co-curricular offerings.
Approximately 20 per cent of students receive financial assistance from the school's sector-leading program, with $5 million available annually to Canadian students.
An alumni community of more than 12,500 in 80+ countries includes leaders and innovators in politics, finance, arts, athletics, media and beyond.
Founded in 1829, UCC is the oldest independent school in the province of Ontario, and the third oldest in the country.
It is described as a prestigious preparatory school in Canada, having many of Canada's prominent graduates.
Modelled on the British public school system, throughout the first part of its history the college both influenced and was influenced by government.
It has maintained a good reputation from its founding.
Today, UCC is fully independent and the students and faculty are more diverse in terms of cultural and economic backgrounds.
A link to the Royal Family is maintained through Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who is the college's Official Visitor, and a member of the Board of Governors.
First Canadian Place is a skyscraper in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
At 298 metres, or 978 feet (355 metres with antenna included), it is Canada's tallest skyscraper and the eleventh tallest building in North America.
It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after CN Tower, also in Toronto, and the Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario.
First Canadian Place is located in Toronto's financial district at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, the centre of Canadian financial industry.
It is home to the Toronto headquarters of the Bank of Montreal, the oldest Canadian bank (hence the 'first').
Skyscrapers in Canada
The Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC or CSE) (French: Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications Canada) (CSTC or CST) is the Canadian government's national signals intelligence agency.
It is under the command of the  Department of National Defence (DND), it keeps track of foreign signals intelligence (SIGINT), and protecting Canadian government electronic information and communication networks.
The CSEC is reports to the Minister of National Defence through two deputy ministers, one of whom is responsible for Administration, the other Policy and Operations.
The CSEC was created in 1946, as the Communications Branch of the National Research Council.
It became part of the DND in 1975.
The CSEC is a very secret organization, and were only revealed when the CBC did a report on them.
People were amazed that the CSEC existed.
CSEC is part of ECHELON, and works with agencies from the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and the United States.
Government agencies of Canada
The Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is a British intelligence agency.
Its work continues that of the Bletchley Park team.
GCHQ collects, analyses and passes on signals from many parts of the world.
This is called "signals intelligence" (SIGINT).
It would include all forms of free-to-air signals plus many interceptions of covert communication.
Computers scan the signals for key words of phrases, and flag any which contain key words.
The second job of GCHQ is to crack the cyphers (codes) of sources it is interested in.
It is this part of the work which Bletchley Park used to do.
It also arranges for our own secret transmissions to be coded securely.
This is the world of cryptography, ways and means of getting into other people's secrets, and keeping our secrets secure.
This is done by CESG (Communications-Electronics Security Group).
As an organisation, GCHQ is under the guidance of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC).
GCHQ was started after the First World War as the Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS or GC&CS), by which name it was known until 1946.
As part of ECHELON, it works with Intelligence agencies from other allied countries.
Under the National Defence Act, "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces."
The Commander in Chief of the Canadian Forces is the Head of State of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II, represented by the Governor General of Canada, Mary May Simon.
The Chief of the Defence Staff (or CDS), the senior professional member of the service, is General Thomas J. Lawson.
The CDS answers to a politician, the Minister of National Defence, who is currently Anita Anand of the Liberal Party.
The Canadian Forces is composed of 67,000 personnel (soldiers, sailors, and airmen/airwomen).
Every unit accepts male and female soldiers, if they qualify for the position.
The CF is divided in seven main branches, which are called commands.
Main Branches
The Environmental branches (called Commands) are mainly administrative structures.
They manage the personnel, the equipment and the facilities, but not the operations.
There are three commands in the Canadian Forces, because there are no Marines.
All the commands work very closely with each other, for example, the Air Force provides helicopters to both the Navy and the Army.
These commands also each have a reserve element, made of part-time employees.
Land Force Command (LFCOM)
This is the army of Canada and the largest branch of the CF.
It uses tanks and other armoured vehicles, such as the LAV III, as well as artillery, engineering vehicles, and a variety of weapons, such as the Colt Canada C7 rifle.
Maritime Command (MARCOM)
This is the navy of Canada.
It has 33 active warships including submarines, frigates and destroyers.
Air Command (AIRCOM)
AIRCOM is the air force of Canada.
It operates a variety of helicopters and airplanes to support the army and the navy, and also has CF-18 fighters.
Operational Branches
The Operational commands are responsible for specific types of operations or for conducting exercises or deployments.
There are four operational commands.