the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The northern area, controlled by Turkish Cypriots, exists as a unilaterally proclaimed "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" recognized only by Turkey.
, Schwerin, (1974)
, Athens, (1988)
, Odessa, (1996)
, Shiraz, (1999)
, Bucharest, (2004)
, Shanghai, (2004)
, Barcelona, (2004)
, Beirut, (2004)
, Mexico City, (2004)
, Milan, (2004)
, Abu Dhabi (2004)
, Moscow, (2000)
, Nicosia, Sicily, (2000)
, Qingdao, (2001)
, Athens, (2002, 2003)
, Helsinki, (2003)
, Zagreb, (2004)
Cyprus Government Website - Towns and Population
Nicosia Municipality Web Site -History
Cyprus Island - Nicosia
European Capitals - Nicosia  movie about Nicosia
Videos: Culture of Nicosia
Website for Municipality of Nicosia
Nicosia in Dark and White: a photo exhibition
Gob is also a slang term for a mouth.
Gob are a Canadian punk band from Burnaby, British Columbia .
The band was formed in 1994.
The band's sound is based on distorted guitars.
They have had many songs used on Electronic Arts's sports video games.
The band has appeared on several outdoor music festivals, the most well-known being Vans Warped Tour.
Too Late... No Friends (1995)
How Far Shallow Takes You (1998)
World According to Gob (2001)
Foot in Mouth Disease (2003)
Muertos Vivos (2007)
Gob (1994)
Ass Seen on TV (1997)
F.U. EP (2002)
Dildozer'' (1995)
Official gob MySpace
Gobfans.com
1994 establishments in Canada
Auckland Grammar School is a public school in Auckland New Zealand.
It teaches boys from age thirteen to eighteen.
The school also has some places near the school where students who come from distant places can live.
It is one of the biggest schools in New Zealand.
The school has more than two thousand students.
The School's motto is "Per Angusta Ad Augusta".
It means "Through difficulties to greatness".
This motto is most often reiterated within the school.
The current Headmaster is Tim O'Connor.
Auckland Grammar School was first set up in 1868 by Sir George Grey.
He was the governor of New Zealand from 1861-1868.
During that time, the new European settlers were fighting with the Māori people over land rights issues.
The Governor of New Zealand asked for military help from the British Empire.
Britain sent up to one million soldiers to New Zealand to end the problems.
Many of the soldiers settled with their families in Auckland.
Sir George Grey decided to create Auckland Grammar School to give a very good education to the soldiers' sons.
Tibbs House
It was named after the fourth Headmaster of Auckland Grammar School, Mr J W Tibbs MA, CMG, who was Headmaster from 1893 to 1922.
A statue of Mr Tibbs can be found at the entrance to Old Tibbs House.
People of all classes or racial background who live in New Zealand are all the same when it comes to being allowed to go to the school.
The school believes it is very important to teach many different languages and, in particular, 'the instructing in Latin.'
The school tries to get all of the students to do very well in all educational areas, for example, Academic, Sporting and Cultural fields.
The school does however show some disregard for national educational standards.
Famous former students
Sir Edmund Hillary (The first person to climb Mount Everest)
Cyrill Basset (Won the Victoria's Cross during World War I)
Hon Sir Leslie Munro former President of the General Assembly of the United Nations
Official school website
Schools in New Zealand
1868 establishments
Virginia Beach is an American city in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
The city is in the South Hampton Roads area on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.
It is the largest city in Virginia.
It is the 42nd largest city in the United States.
There are people living there.
Virginia Beach is a part of the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News metropolitan area.
The area also includes the cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Suffolk, as well as other smaller cities, counties and towns of Hampton Roads.
The area is known as "America's First Region."
Virginia Beach is best known as a resort town.
It has miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels, motels, and restaurants along the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay.
It is also home to several state parks, three military bases, a number of large corporations, and two universities.
It was the site of the first landing of English colonists going to Jamestown.
The city is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having the longest pleasure beach in the world and.
It is also at the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, the longest bridge-tunnel in the world.
Chesepians were the Native American (American Indian) people living in the area now known as South Hampton Roads in Virginia during the time the English settlers came in 1607.
They lived in an area which is now the cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake and Virginia Beach.
The Chesepians had two other towns (or villages), Apasus and Chesepioc.
Both were near the Chesapeake Bay in what is now Virginia Beach.
Archaeologists and other people have found many Native American artifacts, for example arrowheads, stone axes, pottery, beads, and skeletons in the area.
First landing, Adam Thoroughgood
In 1607, after traveling by ocean for 144 days, three ships headed by Captain Christopher Newport came to land where the Atlantic Ocean meets the southern mouth of the Chesapeake Bay.
This point is in the northeastern part of the city.
They named it Cape Henry, after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the oldest son of King James I of England.
They then left the area to find a place farther inland where ships from other European countries would not find them.
They created their first settlement at Jamestown.
In 1634, the Colony was divided into shires.
They were soon renamed counties.
It is said that Thoroughgood used the name of his home in England when helping name New Norfolk County in 1637.
The following year, New Norfolk County was split into Upper Norfolk County (soon renamed Nansemond County) and Lower Norfolk County.
Thoroughgood chose to live along the Lynnhaven River, also named for his home in England.
Lower Norfolk County was very big.
It stretched all the way from the Atlantic Ocean west past the Elizabeth River.
It included the entire area that is now the cities of Portsmouth, Norfolk, Chesapeake, and Virginia Beach.
Princess Anne County: 1691-1963
In 1691, Lower Norfolk County was divided to form Norfolk County to the west and Princess Anne County to the east.
Princess Anne included all the area from North Carolina border to Cape Henry at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay along the Atlantic Ocean.
Princess Anne County existed from 1691 to 1963, over 250 years.
Virginia Beach: growth of a resort
The small resort area of Virginia Beach began to grow in Princess Anne County in the late 19th century.
This growth was helped in 1888 when rail service and electricity started in the area.
The resort was dependent upon railroad and electric trolley service at first.
The concrete Virginia Beach Boulevard from Norfolk to the Oceanfront was completed in 1922.
It let people get to the oceanfront in automobiles, buses, and trucks.
The resort of Virginia Beach became an incorporated town in 1906.
Over the next 45 years, Virginia Beach became more popular as a summer vacation spot.
Virginia Beach became a small independent city in 1952.
It was politically independent from Princess Anne County.
In 1963, Virginia Beach and Princess Anne county merged into a new, much larger independent city keeping the name of the Virginia Beach resort.
On May 31, 2019, there was a mass shooting in the city.
A man killed 12 people.
He was killed by police.
Virginia Beach has an area of 1,288.1 km² (497.3 mi²).
Of that area, 643.1 km² (248.3 mi²) is land and 645.0 km² (249.0 mi²) is water.
The average elevation is 12 feet (4 meters) above sea level.
The city has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).
Adam Keeling House
Adam Thoroughgood House
Cape Henry
Fleet Combat Training Center Atlantic
Fort Story
Hell's Point Country Club
Little Creek Naval Amphibious Base
Norwegian Lady Statue
Old Cape Henry Lighthouse
Old Coast Guard Station Museum (Seatack)
Regent University and Christian Broadcasting Network
TPC of Virginia Beach
Verizon Wireless Virginia Beach Amphitheater
Virginia Aquarium
Virginia Beach Oceanfront
The Edgar Cayce Hospital for Research and Enlightenment was started in Virginia Beach in 1928 with 60 beds.
Cayce was a psychic from Kentucky who said he had healing abilities and made prophesies.
Cayce lived in Virginia Beach until he died in 1945.
His followers are still active in Virginia Beach.
Atlantic University was opened by Cayce in 1930; it closed two years later but was re-opened in 1985.
Atlantic University was originally intended for study of Cayce's readings and research after spiritual subjects.
There are also eleven golf courses open to the public in the city, as well as four country club courses and NAS Oceana's Aeropines course.
Among the best-known public courses are Hell's Point Golf Club and the TPC of Virginia Beach.
Virginia Beach is home to several United States Military bases.
These include the United States Navy's NAS Oceana and FTC Dam Neck, and the United States Army's Fort Story at Cape Henry.
NAB Little Creek is mostly in the city of Virginia Beach but has a Norfolk address.
NAS Oceana is the largest employer in Virginia Beach.
It is said to the largest naval airbase in the world.
Bangor, Northern Ireland
Miyazaki, Japan
Tourism Website Since 1995 www.va-beach.com
Convention & Visitors Bureau
Virginia Beach City Page  Virginia is for Lovers
Map of Virginia Beach
Pictures of Virginia Beach
City of Virginia Beach Online Geographic Information
Beaches of the United States
Rose Tattoo is a hard rock band from Sydney, Australia.
The band was formed in 1976.
The band is led by singer Angry Anderson.
Among their best known songs are "We Can't Be Beaten", "Scarred for Life", "Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw" and "Bad Boy for Love".
Their first 4 albums were produced by Harry Vanda and George Young who also worked with AC/DC.
Other bands have played Rose Tattoo songs including Guns N' Roses (Nice Boys), L.A. Guns (Rock'N'Roll Outlaw), Nashville Pussy (Rock'N'Roll Outlaw and Nice Boys), Brass Tacks (Nice Boys), Public Toys (Nice Boys), Lower Class Brats (We Can't Be Beaten) and Canadian punk rock band Youth Youth Youth (We can't be beaten).
Angry Anderson - singer
Mick Cocks - guitar
Peter Wells - slide guitar
Ian Rilen - bass guitar
Dallas Royal - drums
Rose Tattoo – (1978, Albert Productions)
Scarred For Life (Unreleased Album) (1980, Albert)
Assault & Battery – (1981, Albert)
Scarred for Life – (1982, Albert)
Southern Stars – (1982, Albert)
Beats from a Single Drum – (1986, Mushroom Records)
Pain – (2002, SPV)
Blood Brothers – (2007)
Other websides
www.rosetattoo.com.au
Patriots' Day (sometimes spelled Patriot's Day or Patriots Day) is a legal holiday in Massachusetts.
The holiday remembers the American men and women who fought during the Revolutionary War.
In the past, Patriots' Day was on April 19.
This was done in honor of Lexington and Concord.
These were the first battles of the American Revolutionary War that were fought on that date in 1775.
Since 1969, however, the holiday has been on the third Monday in April.
The Boston Marathon is run on this day every year.
The Boston Marathon bombings happened on this day in 2013.
The Boston Red Sox have played a home game at Fenway Park on this day every year since 1960.
Woodside is a neighbourhood in Croydon, in the London Borough of Croydon, England.
Woodside Racecourse opened in 1866 on a park called Stroud Green Farm, it has now closed and is now the site of Ashburton Learning Village, closing in 1890.
Woodside station opened to serve visitors to the racecourse, but not a lot of people used it when the course closed so it was replaced to make way for a tram line.
Sofia is the capital and the largest city of Republic of Bulgaria.
It has 1.3 million people.
It is the 15th largest city of the European Union.
Sofia is in the west of Bulgaria.
Sofia complete accommodation guide
A burette is a vertical tube-like instrument, used to measure and separate known amounts of liquids in laboratories.
Burettes are very precise and one can measure the volume of a fluid with the precision of ±0.05 mL with them.
Francois Antoine Henri Descroizilles developed the first burette on 1791.
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac invented a more complete burette later.
The Maghen Abraham Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon.
This synagogue was very important to Jewish Lebanese in the early twentieth century.
It was built in 1925.
It was then named after the son of Abraham Sason.
It was used as a place to stay for illegal travelers.
Some of the people who traveled without legal papers stayed in the synagogue while going to Palestine.
Today, it is now called Israel.
In 1976, a year after the civil war began, Joseph Farhi took the Torah scrolls from the synagogue to Geneva.
Most of them were sent to Sephardic synagogues in Israel.
Israel attacked its enemies in Lebanon.
This brought anger by other people towards Lebanese Jews.
Lebanese Jews became targets to Islamic militant groups since 1984.
But even during the fighting, Yasser Arafat's PLO forces and the Christian Phalangists did protect Wadi Abu Jamil during the 1982 Lebanon War.
But, the presence of Palestine Liberation Organization forces in the area brought Israeli attacks that damaged the synagogue itself.
The late former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri wanted to rebuild the synagoge, but that never happened.
The Talmudic school next to it was broken down.
This was to keep view of the beach nearby.
Deir el Qamar Synagogue (Mount Lebanon)
History of the Jews in Lebanon
Wadi Abu Jamil
Karam, Dima (October 2003), Beirut Synagogue is a Reminder of a Departed People , Daily Star.
Hendler, Sefi (August 19 2006), Beirut’s last Jews, Ynetnews.
Synagogues
Buildings and structures in Lebanon
1925 establishments in Asia
Georg Franz Danzer (born October 7, 1946 in Vienna, died June 21, 2007, in Asperhofen) was an Austrian musician.
He wrote and sang many songs.
Many people think of him as the father of Austropop.
This is because he usually sang his songs in the local dialect.
He died of lung cancer at age 60.
Bentheuphausia amblyops is a species of krill.
Krill are small shrimp-like crustaceans living in the ocean.
B. amblyops is the only species within its genus, which in turn is the only genus within the family Bentheuphausiidae.
All the 85 other species of krill known are classified in the family Euphausiidae.
B. amblyops can be found in the northern Atlantic Ocean.
It occurs in latitudes south of 40° N, and also in the southern seas of the Atlantic, in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific.
It is a bathypelagic krill that lives in deep waters below 1,000 m. It is distinguished from the Euphausiidae by several morphological features.
The features most easily used to tell it apart are  that the animals  are not bioluminescent and that their first pair of pleopods is not modified as copulatory tool organs.
Also, their eyes are smaller than those of the Euphausiidae.
Adults reach a length of 4 to 5 cm.
Taxonomy of Bentheuphausia amblyops from ITIS.
Distribution data set of Bentheuphausia ambylops from OBIS.
Australian Faunal Directory entry for Bentheuphausia amblyops.
Mauchline, J.: Euphausiacea: Adults , Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 1971.
Sars, G. O.: Bentheuphausia amblyops, in Rep. scient.
Results Voyage H.M.S. Challenger 1873-76, 13(3), 1885.
Grosse Ile Township is a town in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan.
The township is coterminous with the island in the Detroit River called Grosse Ile.
The name comes from French, meaning "Big Island".
The population was 10,894 at the 2000 census.
It is part of the collection of communities known as Downriver.
Townships in Michigan
The Malacostraca (Greek: "soft shell") are the largest subgroup of crustaceans.
They include decapods (such as crabs,  lobsters and shrimp), stomatopods (mantis shrimp) and krill.
There are 22,000 members in this group.
It represents two thirds of all crustacean species.
The first malacostracans appeared in the Cambrian period.
The classification of crustaceans is currently being debated.
Some think Malacostraca is a class and others think it is a subclass.
Malacostraca have heads with six segments.
They have a pair of antennules and a pair of antennae.
They also have mouthparts.
There are appendages near the mouthparts, called maxillipeds.
They have five pairs of walking legs.
The first pair is formed like a pincer.
There are eight thoracic segments.
There are six abdominal segments.
They are used for swimming.
Members of Malacostraca have compound stalked or sessile eyes.
They have a two-chambered stomach and a centralized nervous system.
Class Malacostraca Latreille, 1802
Subclass Phyllocarida Packard, 1879
†Order Archaeostraca
†Order Hoplostraca
†Order Canadaspidida
Order Leptostraca Claus, 1880
Subclass Hoplocarida Calman, 1904
Order Stomatopoda Latreille, 1817 (mantis shrimp)
Subclass Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892
Superorder Syncarida Packard, 1885
†Order Palaeocaridacea
Order Bathynellacea Chappuis, 1915
Order Anaspidacea Calman, 1904
Superorder Peracarida Calman, 1904
Order Spelaeogriphacea Gordon, 1957
Order Thermosbaenacea Monod, 1927
Order Lophogastrida Sars, 1870
Order Mysida Haworth, 1825
Order Mictacea Bowman, Garner, Hessler, Iliffe & Sanders, 1985
Order Amphipoda Latreille, 1816
Order Isopoda Latreille, 1817 (woodlice, slaters)
Order Tanaidacea Dana, 1849
Order Cumacea Krøyer, 1846
Superorder Eucarida Calman, 1904
Order Euphausiacea Dana, 1852
Order Amphionidacea Williamson, 1973
Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802 (crabs, lobsters, shrimp)
Decapoda is an order of crustaceans in the class Malacostraca.
Many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns and shrimp are in this order.
Many decapods are scavengers - they eat dead plants and animals.
Crabs are mixed feeders, taking algae and  shellfish such as molluscs.
Lobsters eat mostly live prey.
The last five pairs of appendages on the front half of the body, the cephalothorax, are used for walking.
In many decapods, the front pair of appendages carry large pinching claws.
The claws are called chelae, so these appendages may be called chelipeds.
The front three pairs of appendages on the thorax are used as jaws, and called maxillipeds.
On the abdomen are swimming appendages called pleopods, and the body ends in a tail fan.
Classification of the order Decapoda depends on the structure of the gills and legs, and the way in which the larvae develop.
There are two suborders: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata.
Prawns (including many so-called "shrimp", such as the Atlantic white shrimp) make up the Dendrobranchiata.
The other groups, including true shrimp, are the Pleocyemata.
The following classification  follows Martin and Davis, with some changes based on more recent structural and molecular studies.x
Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802  (Selection, not everything is listed)
Suborder Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888  prawns
Suborder Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963
Infraorder Caridea Dana, 1852  true shrimp
Infraorder Achelata Scholtz & Richter, 1995  spiny lobsters, slipper lobsters, and furry lobsters
Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1802  lobsters and crayfish
Infraorder Anomura MacLeay, 1838
Superfamily Galatheoidea Samouelle, 1819  squat lobsters
Superfamily Paguroidea Latreille, 1802  hermit crabs
Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802  crabs
Rafik Baha ad-Din Hariri (; November 1, 1944 – February 14, 2005) was a Lebanese billionaire and businessman.
He was Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1992 to 1998, and he became Prime Minister again in 2000.
But in October 20, 2004, he quit his job.
He helped a lot in rebuilding Beirut, which was damaged from the fighting during the civil war.
Hariri was killed along with 21 other people on February 14, 2005.
A thousand kilograms of TNT exploded in a van near his car.
His car was passing through St. George Hotel in the Lebanese capital, Beirut.
People are still trying to learn who did it, and the United Nations have helped to investigate.
Serge Brammertz is leading this investigation.
Many people in Lebanon said that the government of Syria and its allies did it.
So far, Brammertz said that DNA evidence collected from the exploded area shows that the killing was done by a young man who blew himself up at the time.
An antenna (plural antennae) is one of a pair of feelers (appendages) connected to the front segments of crustaceans and insects.
They are found on the first two segments of the head.
The smaller pair are known as antennules.
Antennae are jointed and extend forward from the head.
They are sensory organs.
The organ may sense touch, air motion, heat, vibration (sound), and especially smell or gustation (taste).
Josef "Sepp" Dietrich (May 28, 1892 in Hawangen - April 21, 1966 in Ludwigsburg) was a German Waffen-SS general, and one of the closest men to Adolf Hitler.
For his wartime services, he was one of only 27 men to be awarded the Knight's Cross with Oak leaves, Swords and Diamonds.
Dietrich and other members of the Waffen-SS were tried for war crimes after WW2.
Waffen-SS generals
Freeview is free television service in the New Zealand, It is sent to people's home using a digital signal by either over the air or by satellite.
It is planning to have more channels than analogue television provides.
The service was put on air on 2 May 2007.
The service was created as a local copy of the British digital television service, also known as Freeview.
2007 establishments
2000s establishments in New Zealand
A Burqa is a piece of clothing.
It is worn by Muslim women.
They can wear it as an outer garment.
It only leaves a semi-transparent mesh in front of the woman's eyes, so she can see.
The rest of the body is covered by it.
Other garments for Muslim women that cover less of their body are the hijab and the niqab.
People often confuse the hijab and the niqab and call it burqa instead.
In Islamic texts
Burqas around the world
In France, Italy, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Latvia, Bulgaria, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Tunisia, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands wearing a burqa (and the niqab) in public is illegal.
And in more countries, it is illegal to enter a government building, public building, public transport, schools, or to drive a vehicle with a burqa (or a niqab).
Islamic dress
The Motion Picture Association of America film rating system is a system used by the MPAA.
It is meant to help parents and movie-goers which movie is suitable for their families and children.
History of Movie Ratings
The MPA has made many changes to its movie rating system.
When the film ratings were created in 1968, it consists of only four movie ratings.
From 1968 to 1970, the four ratings were:
Rated G - Suggested for general audiences.
Rated M - Suggested for mature audiences.
Parental discretion advised.
Rated R - Restricted.
Persons under 17 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
Rated X - Persons under 17 will not be admitted.
In 1970, the M rating became replaced with "GP" because of the confusion as to whether "M-rated" movies would be appropriate for their children.
In addition, the minimum age for R and X-rated movies were raised from 16 to 17.
From 1970 to 1972, the movie ratings consisted of four new ratings:
Rated G - General Audiences.
All ages admitted.
Rated GP - Guidance Parental.
May contain some suggestive content.
Rated X - Persons under 17 not admitted.
In 1972, the "GP" rating was renamed to "PG" and renamed to "Parental Guidance Suggested".
From 1972 to 1984, the ratings were:
Rated PG - Parental Guidance Suggested.
Some material may not be suitable for pre-teenagers.
In 1984, the "PG-13" rating was created after some parents were unhappy about some movies like Gremlins and Temple of Doom being rated PG and felt the content was given the wrong rating.
They asked the MPAA to raise their ratings from PG to R. However, the MPAA felt neither films were strong enough to be given an R-rating so as a response, the MPAA introduced the PG-13 rating warning parents some material may be inappropriate for children under 13.
From 1984 to 1990, the ratings were:
Some material may not be suitable for children.
Rated PG-13- Parents Strongly Cautioned.
Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13.
In 1990, the X rating had been discontinued and replaced with "NC-17" because some people incorrectly assumed "X" films meant the movie was pornographic.
From 1990 to 1994, the ratings were:
Rated NC-17 - No one under 177 admitted.
In 1995, the minimum age for the NC-17 rating was raised from 17 to 18, and re-worded as "No one 17 and under" to exclude 17 year olds.
In the mid 2010s, the NC-17 rating was titled "Adults only".
From 1995 to 2014, the ratings were:
Rated PG-13 - Parents Strongly Cautioned.
Some material may be inappropriate for children under 17.
Rated NC-17 - No one 17 and under admitted.
Since 2014, the rating are:
NC-17
The NC-17 rating is the highest rating (even higher than the R-rating) that a film can be given, and it means the movie is for adults only (ages 18 and older) and no one age 17 or younger will be admitted.
This rating, prior to 1990, was previously rated X. As the 1980s was ending, the MPA announced that beginning in 1990, the X-rating will be replaced with NC-17.
The NC-17 rating is very rare because most retailers, newspapers, advertisers, streaming service providers (like HBO), and movie theaters refuse to stock, air, or premiere NC-17 rated content.
For this reason, movie directors view the NC-17 rating as a death sentence because almost nobody will watch their film so what most directors do is they go back and edit their movies to which the MPAA told what scenes or content gave them the NC-17 rating so they would either cut the scene entirely or modify it to a lesser-form, and submit the movie for a classification again in which most of the time, they successfully get the R-rating.
Some examples of NC-17 rated films include Henry & June (1990) and Showgirls (1995).
Films are given the NC-17 rating primarily due to their use of sexual activity including nudity, whereas a few of them are given the classification because of their extreme violence that is too cruel to be allowed in an R-rated film.
Prior to 1995, NC-17 stood for "No Children under 17 admitted when 17 was the minimum age for admittance.
In 1995, the MPA raised the minimum age from 17 to 18.
Beginning with 1995, the rating was retitled for No one 17 and under admitted to exclude 17 year olds.
Difference between R and NC-17
The main difference between an R and NC-17 rating follows:
R-rated films allows viewers of any age to be admitted to the feature.
However, patrons under the age of 17 are required to be accompanied by their parent or legal guardian to be admitted.
Otherwise, they will not be allowed in.
NC-17 rated films only allow adults to be admitted to the feature.
No one under the age of 18 is allowed admittance.
Movie ratings
Part of it was inspired by the life of Muhammad.
The title refers to Satanic verses.
This is one of the interpretations of the Koran.
This interpretation is what Ibn Ishaq did in the oldest surviving text of the work.
Some Islamic and most non-Muslim Western historians and commentators on the Qur'an have accepted this story of Muhammad's momentary acceptance of the verses although there are no known sources confirming the presence of these verses in reality in Qur'an in olden times.
A common Muslim viewpoint is that the existence of the verses is just a fabrication created by non-Muslims.
The novel caused much controversy when it was published.
Many Muslims felt that it contained blasphemous references.
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, a Shi'a Muslim scholar, issued a fatwa that called for the death of Rushdie and claimed that it was the duty of every Muslim to obey.
As a result, Hitoshi Igarashi, the Japanese language translator of the book was stabbed to death on 11 July 1991; Ettore Capriolo, the Italian language translator, was seriously injured in a stabbing the same month.
William Nygaard, the publisher in Norway, survived an attempted assassination in Oslo in October 1993.
On 14 February 2006, the Iranian state news agency reported that the fatwa will remain in place permanently.
In the United Kingdom, however, the book was praised by a lot of critics.
It was a 1988 Booker Prize Finalist, eventually losing to Peter Carey's Oscar and Lucinda.
Satanic verses is a name given to a number of verses of the Qur'an.
These verses became famous because they were introduced into a version of the book.
In a later version, they were taken out again.
Different groups of people have different views about these verses.
Those are the High Flying Claims
Story of the Cranes or "Satanic Verses"
The Satanic Verses in Qur'an
National Democrats () is a minor political party in Sweden.
It was formed in October 2001.
The chairman of the party is Marc Abramsson.
Nationaldemokraterna  – official website
Nationalist organizations in Europe
Political parties in Sweden
Broad Green is a small area with a lot of houses at the centre of West Croydon in the London Borough of Croydon, England.
The area is mostly filled with a triangular green space which includes shops and large houses.
The green was built at the end of the 19th century.
Most of West Croydon is in an electoral ward called "Broad Green", hence Broad Green library is some distance from the traditional Broad Green area.
Parts of West Thornton and Selhurst wards are also in West Croydon.
West Croydon, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide
West Croydon railway station, Adelaide, South Australia
West Croydon station, Croydon, England
Kanji (漢字) is one of the three forms of Japanese writing.
A kanji is an ideogram: that is, a type of simple picture.
These are made to show a word's meaning.
It is a symbol of an idea such as an object, thing or quality.
Kanji ideograms (or “characters”) were taken from Chinese characters, and many changed over time.
The word “kanji” means “Han characters” (i.e. “Chinese characters”).
Kanji vs. kana
There are two other systems used to write in Japanese.
These systems are called hiragana and katakana (together they are called “kana”).
They show how a word is pronounced because each character stands for a syllable (a, ka, sa, ta etc.).
Each kanji could also be written in kana, indeed they are in children’s books or books for foreigners learning Japanese.
Japanese can have many homophones for one pronunciation, e.g. kami can mean “god”, “hair”, "paper", or "upper stream".
Since each words is made of the same syllables, they are written using the same kana (かみ in hiragana and カミ in katakana), but since they all have very different meanings, the kanji character for each word is quite different.
The kanji for "god" is 神, the kanji for "hair" is 髪, the kanji for "paper" is 紙, and the kanji for "upper stream" is 上.
However, each kanji character can have several different pronunciations, according to which meaning (which “reading”) is intended.
Kanji was originally written to look like what it means, thus the Japanese symbol for mouth is 口 (which is said as kuchi), and looks like a mouth.
Another word, 山 (said as yama) means mountain.
The Japanese have for many words.
Many can be shown with just one kanji, but sometimes two kanji characters are combined to make new words, such as 山口 (yamaguchi), "mountain-mouth", meaning a cave. (
It is also a surname and the name of a prefecture).
Kanji is often combined with hiragana to show the grammatical meaning of the word.
In English this would be done with endings (e.g. “act” (the verb), “action” (the noun) etc.)
Kun-yomi vs. on-yomi
Most kanji characters can be pronounced at least two different ways according to whether the word is a native Japanese word (this is called the “kun” reading, or “kun-yomi”), or whether it came from Chinese (this called the “on” reading or “on-yomi”).
Kanji that stand alone usually have kun-yomi, while kanji compound words usually have on-yomi.
For example, 山 on its own is "yama" (the Japanese word for “mountain”).
When it is combined with another word or name, it is pronounced  "san" e.g. “Fuji-san” (Mount Fuji).
However, there are many exceptions to these patterns.
For example, some native Japanese words with two or more kanji (usually proper nouns) use their kanji's kun-yomi, like 山口, which is pronounced "yama-guchi", even though the on-yomi for the kanji would be "san" and "kō" in that order.
Sometimes, kanji only have on-yomi and have no kun-yomi.
For example, the kanji 毒, which means "poison", only has the on-yomi "doku".
Sometimes, compound words mix on-yomi and kun-yomi together.
For example, the word 金色, which means "golden", is pronounced "kin-iro", in which the first kanji uses its on-yomi, and the second-kanji uses its kun-yomi.
Sometimes, the kanji in certain compound words may not even use their kanji readings at all, but are used only to show the word's meaning.
For example, the word 煙草 is pronounced "tabako", which means "tobacco" in English.
This word was borrowed from Portuguese, and while the pronunciation of the word does not match either kanji, the meaning of the kanji are "smoke" and "grass" in that order, hinting at the word's meaning.
There are even some words whose kanji can be used to only show a word's pronunciation and not its meaning.
These are called ateji.
For example, the word 亜米利加, which means "America", is pronounced "Amerika", but none of the kanji meanings have any obvious connection to America.
Usually, however, words of the last kind are usually written in only katakana these days, though sometimes words like "sushi" still written in ateji, like 寿司, because Chinese tourists will recognize the ateji more easily, since the word is written the same way in Chinese.
Number of kanji
Kanji characters are classed on the basis of how many brush strokes they are made of.
The simplest kanji have one stroke and the most complex may have up to 30 strokes.
There are many different Kanji, the exact number is not known but it is around 50,000.
However, not all 50,000 are taught in schools.
The government of Japan has set up a 1,945 basic kanji list (Jōyō Kanji) that those learning the language need to know.
They are the ones most commonly used in newspapers and magazines, along with street signs and store signs.
Kanji takes many years to learn.
By the end of his school years a pupil should know about 1,850 kanji.
A university graduate would need to know about 3000.
If someone does not know the kanji for a word, they can write it in kana and it will be understood, but it is usually not the proper way to write it, however kana can have many meanings for the same word, so unless the person writes in kanji, we will not know what they are saying.
New Japanese-English Character Dictionary ed J Halpern Kenkyusha 1990
RomajiDesu Kanji Dictionary an easy to use Kanji dictionary with multiple radical and stroke order diagrams
Kanji Explorer  Browse Kanji and Jukugo
Real Kanji Practice kanji using different typefaces
Kanji alive, an interactive tool for learning kanji in wide use at schools and universities
Japanese Kanji Tutorials and History
Chris Moyles (born 22 February 1974 in Leeds) is a British radio and television presenter.
He presents a breakfast radio show on BBC Radio 1.
His career in radio started at age 14, when he worked on a hospital radio.
He worked at lots of different stations until he got a job at BBC Radio 1 in 1997.
When he took over the Breakfast show from fellow DJ Sara Cox he quickly brought more listeners to the show.
He won awards for his show.
Moyles wrote an autobiography called The Gospel According to Chris Moyles: The Story of One Man and his Mouth.
People from Leeds
A libretto is the text (the words) which are set to music to make an opera.
A libretto can also be the words for an oratorio, cantata, mass or a musical.
The person who writes the libretto is called a librettist.
The word “libretto” (plural: “libretti” or “librettos”) is an Italian word which means “little book”.
In the 18th century Metastasio was a very famous librettist.
Many of his libretti were set several times by different composers.
Another 18th century librettist was Lorenzo da Ponte, who wrote the libretti for three of Mozart's greatest operas, as well as for many other composers.
In the 19th century Eugène Scribe wrote a very large number of libretti that were set to music by composers such as Meyerbeer, Auber, Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi.
Two French writers called Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy wrote many opera and operetta libretti for the composers Jacques Offenbach, Jules Massenet and Georges Bizet.
Arrigo Boito, who wrote libretti for, among others, Giuseppe Verdi and Amilcare Ponchielli, composed two operas of his own.
Hugo von Hoffmansthal wrote libretti for Richard Strauss.
Usually a libretto is written before the music, but sometimes composers wrote some of the music first and then looked for words to go with it.
Composers, such as Mikhail Glinka, Alexander Serov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Puccini, and Mascagni all did this sometimes.
Musicals usually have lyrics (the words for the songs), and a separate "book" ( the spoken dialogue and the stage directions).
Sometimes these two are by different authors, e.g. the musical Fiddler on the Roof has a composer (Jerry Bock), a lyricist (Sheldon Harnick), and the writer of the "book" (Joseph Stein).
The words Hmong and Mong refer to an Asian ethnic group.
Their homeland is in China, especially along the Yangtze and Yellow river.
In the 18th century, Hmong people started moving to other Southeast Asian countries.
Today, they live in all of China, northern Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar.
In 1975, communists took over Laos.
After they took over, many Hmong people moved to the United States, Australia, France, French Guiana, and Canada.
Hmong people divide themselves into the White Hmong, the Green Hmong, and other smaller groups.
Miao clans with Han origins
Some of the origins of the Hmong and Miao clan names are a result of the marriage of Hmong women to Han Chinese men, with distinct Han Chinese-descended clans and lineages practicing Han Chinese burial customs.
These clans were called "Han Chinese Hmong" ("Hmong Sua") in Sichuan, and were instructed in military tactics by fugitive Han Chinese rebels.
Such Chinese "surname groups" are comparable to the patrilineal Hmong clans and also practice exogamy.
These Miao clans produced by Han Chinese men mating with Miao women introduced Han Confucian influence into Miao people despite culture in Miao society being transmitted maternally.
Han Chinese male soldiers who fought against the Miao rebellions during the Qing and Ming dynasties were known to have married with non-Han women such as the Miao because Han women were less desirable.
The Wang clan, founded among the Hmong in Gongxian county of Sichuan's Yibin district, is one such clan and can trace its origins to several such marriages around the time of the Ming dynasty suppression of the Ah rebels.
Nicholas Tapp wrote that, according to The Story of the Ha Kings in the village, one such Han ancestor was Wang Wu.
It is also noted that the Wang typically sided with the Chinese, being what Tapp calls "cooked" as opposed to the "raw" peoples who rebelled against the Chinese.
Hmong women who married Han Chinese men founded a new Xem clan among Northern Thailand's Hmong.
Fifty years later in Chiangmai two of their Hmong boy descendants were Catholics.
A Hmong woman and Han Chinese man married and founded northern Thailand's Lau2, or Lauj, clan, , with another Han Chinese man of the family name Deng founding another Hmong clan.
Some scholars believe this lends further credence to the idea that some or all of the present day Hmong clans were formed in this way.
Jiangxi Han Chinese are claimed by some as the forefathers of the southeast Guizhou Miao, and Miao children were born to the many Miao women married Han Chinese soldiers in Taijiang in Guizhou before the second half of the 19th century.
From 1919 to 1921, the Hmong people were involved a war.
The French called this war the War of the Insane.
China has the largest population of Hmong people with 3 million Hmong people.
Vietnam has 787,600 Hmong people, Laos has 320,000 Hmong people, and Thailand has 150,000 Hmong people.
Some Hmong people live in Myanmar.
Outside of Asia, the United States has the most Hmong people; it has 186,310 Hmong people.
France has 15,000 Hmong people, Australia has 2,000 Hmong people, and French Guiana has 1,500 Hmong people.
Canada and Argentina have a total of 600 Hmong people.
Webquest for English Language Learners
Toplessness (or being topless) is a state of a woman not wearing any clothing above the waist, meaning the breasts are visible.
The term used for a male is barechestedness or shirtlessness.
Because the female breast is often associated with sexuality, some countries consider it alright for men to be topless in public, but not women.
However many countries consider it usual for women to be topless, even due to the natural heat.
Barechestedness
Barechested means not wearing a shirt.
It usually refers to men.
It is very common in many societies.
Also very common in sports for a number of reasons.
Some reasons include, ease of movement, and cooling.
It is also common to go shirtless while working/doing labor.
Before computerization of vehicles, it was common for young men to work on cars and trucks without a shirt.
Westminster Cathedral in London, England, is a Roman Catholic cathedral.
It is the mother church of the Roman Catholic community in England and Wales and the Metropolitan Church and Cathedral for the Archbishop of Westminster.
The cathedral is near Victoria in the City of Westminster.
It is the largest Roman Catholic church in England and Wales.
It should not be confused with Westminster Abbey.
The cathedral was opened in 1903.
It was designed by John Francis Bentley and is in the style of  Byzantine church architecture.
The nave is the widest of any church in England.
The sanctuary is higher than the nave, so that the altar can be seen from any part of the nave.
A very large crucifix hangs from the chancel arch.
The Archiepiscopal Throne or cathedra, of marble and mosaic, is modelled on the Papal Throne at the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome.
There are beautiful marble pillars which are all carved differently.
In the crypt there are monuments to famous people.
Westminster Cathedral has a famous choir.
The first Master of Music (choirmaster) was Sir Richard Runciman Terry.
Since 2000, the Master of Music has been Martin Baker.
Mass is sung every day.
The choir are famous for singing Gregorian chant and polyphony of the Renaissance.
Composers such as Benjamin Britten and Ralph Vaughan Williams have written music for the choir.
The organ is very large.
It is in the west gallery (above the entrance).
It was built by the organ builder Henry Willis III from 1922 to 1932.
One of Louis Vierne's best-known organ pieces, "Carillon de Westminster,"  was composed for it and dedicated to the builder.
In 1995, Cardinal Basil Hume invited HM The Queen.
This was the first visit of a reigning monarch of the United Kingdom to a Catholic liturgy since 1688 when James II & VII was king.
Westminster Cathedral official site
Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Cachoeira do Sul is a Brazilian city of the state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Its population is 89,669 and has an area of 3.765 km².
Cities in Rio Grande do Sul
In probability theory and statistics, the median of a data set , sometimes written as , is a number describing the data set.
This number has the property that it divides a set of observed values in two equal halves, so that half of the values are below it and half are above.
If there are a finite number of elements, the median is easy to find.
The values need to be arranged in a list, from the lowest to highest.
If there is an odd number of values, the median is the one at position .
For example, if there are 13 values, they can be arranged into two groups of 6, with the median in between, at position 7.
With an even number of values, as there is no single number which divides all of the numbers to two halves, the median is defined as the mean of the two central elements.
With 14 observations, this would be the mean of the elements at positions 7 and 8, which is their sum divided by 2.
Alternatively, the median of an even-sized list is sometimes defined as either of the two middle elements; the choice being either (a) always the smallest one, (b) always the largest one, or (c) randomly choose between the two.
This alternative definition has two important advantages: it guarantees that the median is always a list element (for example.
a list of integers will never have a fractional median), and it guarantees that the median exists for any ordinal-valued data.
On the other hand, when one of the choices (a) or (b) is taken, the median of a sample will be biased, which is an unwanted property of a statistical estimator.
Definition (c) does not have that disadvantage, but it is more difficult to do.
It also has the disadvantage that the same list of values does not have a well-defined, deterministic median.
Median and mean
Median and mean are different in several ways.
Mean is a better measure in many cases, because many of the statistical tests can use mean and standard deviation of two observations to compare them, while the same comparison cannot be performed using the medians.
Median is more useful when the variance of the values is not important, and we only need a central measure of the values.
If the maximum value of a set of numbers changes while the other numbers of this set are kept the same, the mean of this set of numbers changes, but the median does not.
Another advantage of median is that it can be calculated sooner when we are studying survival data.
For example, a researcher can calculate the median survival of patients with a kidney transplant, when half the patients participated in his study die.
Calculating the mean survival requires continuing the study, and following all the patients until their death.
Person 1 (7 jelly beans), Person 2 (8 jelly beans), Person 3 (9 jelly beans), Person 4 (10 jelly beans), Person 5 (11 jelly beans)
To calculate the mean, one would add the total number of jelly beans (45) and divide by the number of people (5): the mean is 9 jelly beans per person.
To calculate the median, one would line up amounts of jelly beans (7, 8, 9, 10, 11), and choose the middle number: the median is also 9 jelly beans.
The results change a lot for numbers with larger ranges.
Suppose that one has the following group of five people:
Person 1 (8 jelly beans), Person 2 (8 jelly beans), Person 3 (9 jelly beans), Person 4 (10 jelly beans), Person 5 (50 jelly beans)
To calculate the mean, one would add the total number of jelly beans (85) and divide by the number of people (5): the mean is now 17 jelly beans per person.
To calculate the median, one would line up amounts of jelly beans (8, 8, 9, 10, 50), and choose the middle number: the median is still 9 jelly beans.
In this second case, the mean gives a poor understanding of how many jelly beans most people have (10 or less), while the median gives a better idea of the number of jelly beans most people have.
To divide up the number of jelly beans equally, however, one would use the mean.
The median is basically the middle number.
In statistics, the mode of a set of data is the one that occurs most.
Very often, samples of data are collected.
These might be measurements of some kind.
In this context, the mode is the value that occurs most often.
Unlike the median and the mean, the mode is not necessarily unique.
There might be several different values that occur the same number of times.
S.S.C. Napoli (Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli) is an Italian football club.
The club plays in Serie A. Its home stadium is the Stadio San Paolo in Naples, Italy.
They team plays in light blue shirts, white shorts and light blue socks as uniforms.
The club was formed in 1926 and it was in most of its history in Serie A. It was Diego Armando Maradona who put Napoli on the world soccer map, leading them to scudettos in 1987 and 1990 and the UEFA Cup in 1989.
They also won the Coppa Italia in 1962, 1976, 1987, 2012, 2014 and 2020, a Coppa delle Alpi in 1966 and two Supercoppa Italiana in 1990 and 2014.
Napoli dropped to Serie B in 2001.
With a debt of about 70 million euros, the club went bankrupt in August 2004.
A new club, Napoli Soccer, was born.