the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Several processes may be associated with the same program; for example, opening up several windows of the same program often means more than one process is being executed.
In the computing world, processes are formally defined by the operating systems (OS) running them and so may differ in detail from one OS to another; for example in Microsoft Windows environment each instance of the same application is called a task.
Gary D. Knott (1974) A proposal for certain process management and intercommunication primitives ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review.
Volume 8 ,  Issue 4  (October 1974).
7 - 44
What Is Process - Computer Process Information Database
Abdul Aziz aka Imam Samudra aka Qudama (January 14, 1970, Serang, Banten - November 9, 2008, Bali, Indonesia) was an Indonesian criminal.
He was sentenced to execution for his part in the 2002 Bali bombings.
The execution was expected to be made during early November 2008.
It was done on November 9.
Samudra is one of three in a network of the Bali bombers who were sentenced to death.
Indonesian people
Huda bin Abdul Haq (February 1960 – 9 November 2008) was an Indonesian sentenced to death for his role in the 2002 Bali bombings.
He is a senior and influential Jemaah Islamiah leader with ties to Osama bin Laden.
The exectution of Huda and Imam Samudra are expected to happened in early November 2008,and was handed down on November 9 by a firing squad.
Ali Amrozi bin Haji Nurhasyim (also known as Amrozi; 5 July 1962 - 9 November 2008) was an Indonesian who was convicted for his part in the 2002 Bali terrorist bombing.
He was executed along with two other men involved in the bombing in early November 2008.
Ali was executed on November 9 by a firing squad.
Louis "Studs" Terkel (May 16, 1912 – October 31, 2008) was an American author, historian, actor, and broadcaster who lived in Chicago.
He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1985 for his work The Good War.
This book collected stories from average people about their memory of World War Two.
The nickname "Studs" came from his character in a play, after the director would call him that to avoid confusion with another actor called Louis.
Giants of Jazz (1957) ISBN 1-56584-769-5
Division Street: America (1967)  ISBN  0-394-42267-8
Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression (1970)
Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do (1974)
Talking to Myself: A Memoir of My Times (1977)
American Dreams: Lost and Found (1983)  ISBN
The Good War (1984)
Chicago (1986)
The Great Divide: Second Thoughts on the American Dream (1988)
Race: What Blacks and Whites Think and Feel About the American Obsession (1992)
Coming of Age: The Story of Our Century by Those Who’ve Lived It (1995)
My American Century (1997)
The Spectator: Talk About Movies and Plays With Those Who Make Them (1999)
Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Reflections on Death, Rebirth and Hunger for a Faith (2001)
Hope Dies Last: Keeping the Faith in Difficult Times (2003)
And They All Sang: Adventures of an Eclectic Disc Jockey (2005)  ISBN |1-59558-003-4
Touch and Go (2007)
P.S. Further Thoughts From a Lifetime of Listening (2008)
Studs Terkel's Official Site
Audio & Video Archive of Studs Terkel Interviews on Democracy Now!
2005 video of WFMT Critic-at-Large Andrew Patner's interview with Studs Terkel at the University of Chicago
Direct link to Studs Terkel Video on InDepth of C-SPAN
1988 audio interview with Studs Terkel by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio
Studs Terkel - The Last Touch - interviews with Terkel by Alan Hall in 2004 and 2005 - streaming and podcast audio on ABC Radio National
In October, 2008 looking forward to the historic election in America, he gave his last interview.
2007 video interview with Studs Terkel by Amy Goodman of Democracy Now!
The Legacy.com page for Studs Terkel
Video: Remembering Studs Terkel
BBC Obituary: Pulitzer winner Terkel dies at 96
Signature of Studs Terkel
news.bbc.co.uk, BBC, Obituary: Studs Terkel
(born November 5, 1948) is the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2008 election.
He is  a  former federal prosecutor
and a former member of the United States House of Representatives.
He represented Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Republican from 1995 to 2003.
Barr is known as one of the leaders of the impeachment of President Bill Clinton.
Barr joined the Libertarian Party in 2006,
Official 2008 Presidential Campaign website
Issue positions and quotes at OnTheIssues.org
Video interview/discussion with Jane Hamsher on Bloggingheads.tv
United States representatives from Georgia
An example is a Unix server where multiple remote users have access (such as via Secure Shell) to the Unix shell prompt at the same time.
Another example uses multiple X terminals so that multiple remote users can use X Window on a single machine.
Single-user mode is a mode for Multi-user operating system where the computer boots or switches into a single superuser mode.
It is mainly used for maintenance of multi-user environments such as network or Unix servers.
Interix in a Multi-User Windows TSE Environment paper about the Unix multi-user model and MS-Windows NT TSE
SoftXpand Multi-user software
Flying squirrels are a tribe of 44 species in the squirrel family Sciuridae.
Despite the name, none use powered flight: all are gliders.
They are sociable, noisy rodents that glide from tree to tree, using a flap of loose skin that connects their front and hind legs.
They can glide up to 150 feet (46 m), steering with their tail, and landing on tree trunks, gripping it with all four feet.
These squirrels are nocturnal (most active at night).
They have a life span of about five years in the wild, and about 13 years in captivity.
Flying squirrels live in forests in North America, Europe and Asia.
Flying squirrels eat mostly plants, like seeds, nuts, leaves, maple sap, bulbs, bark, flowers, and roots.
Less often, they eat insects, eggs, worms, small birds, and other small animals.
Before the 21st century, the evolutionary history of the flying squirrel was often debated.
This debate was clarified by two recent molecular studies.
These studies found that the living flying squirrels originated 18–20 million years ago, are monophyletic, and have a sister relationship with tree squirrels.
economical locomotion: moving between trees using as little energy as possible.
finding food: economical searching.
avoiding predators.
reducing landing forces as compared to simple jumping.
mr:शेकरू
S1m0ne is a 2002 American comedy-drama science fiction movie.
It was directed by Andrew Niccol and released to movie theaters by Warner Bros. It stars Al Pacino.
Viktor Taransky (Al Pacino) is working on a movie project.
He is running out of money and his star decided not to do it anymore, so his movie is in trouble.
A computer programmer named Hank approaches Viktor and tells him that he is able to create a computer-generated character.
Hank soon dies of cancer and gives the program to Viktor.
Viktor uses the program to insert an actress in place of his original star and the movie is a huge hit.
The program, titled "Simulation One," is simplified to "Simone."
Viktor is at first very happy that this is a success, and has her star in more movies.
For her voice, he simply speaks into a microphone and the computer makes it a female voice.
He conducts interviews.
Simone goes on to win an Academy Award and is wildly famous.
However, Viktor soon becomes unhappy with Simone and tries to make her unpopular by having her star in a bad movie.
However, the people still love Simone and the movie is still a success.
Finally, Viktor uses a virus and erases her program from the computer.
He then throws a trunk full of CDs into the ocean.
The police come and arrest Viktor and charge her for the murder of Simone.
They have a video showing him dragging the trunk into the ocean; they believe that there was a body inside.
He tells them that Simone was never real, but they don't believe him.
His ex-wife Elaine (Catherine Keener) and his daughter Lainey (Evan Rachel Wood) enter his studio.
Lainey ejects the floppy disk, restoring the Simone program, and they create a short movie that shows that Simone is alive and well.
The police let him go.
Elaine and Lainey convince Viktor that Simone is a symbol now and that they should continue to keep her alive.
The last scene shows Viktor and Simone together, with Viktor announcing that Simone and he just had a child.
2002 comedy-drama movies
Big Brother, a character in George Orwell's book Nineteen Eighty-Four
The sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), is an Old World monkey of Guinea Bissau, Gabon, Senegal and Ghana.
It has social groups of four to twelve individuals.
Sooty mangabeys are naturally infected with a strain of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV).
Due to extensive human-mangabey contact in sub-Saharan Africa, the virus has jumped from this species into humans on many occasions.
This resulted in the HIV-2 virus.
The HIV-1 strain by contrast came from the common chimpanzee strain of SIV.
Joseph Byrne also known as Joe Byrne (November 1856 - June 28 1880) was an Australian bushranger.
He is known as the lieutenant of the Kelly Gang.
He was shot dead in the siege of Glenrowan.
Joe Byrne was a very good shot, a good horseman and skilled at living in the bush.
This made it difficult for the police to capture him.
His skill at writing helped him to write the items that were important in starting the Kelly legend.
He wrote the famous Jerilderie letter.
There is also a legend that Ned Kelly, with Byrne's help, was going to start an independent republic in north east Victoria.
The siege at Glenrowan was the first step.
Joe was born at Woolshed, near Beechworth, in November 1856.
His father, Patrick Byrne, had come from County Carlow, Ireland, in 1849, to join his father, Joseph, who had come to Australia as a convict in 1834.
Joe's mother was an Irish lady from Galway.
The family moved to Sebastopol, a small gold mining town, about two kilometres farther up the valley.
Joe learned to speak Chinese from the Chinese miners who lived in a small camp near his house.
He was educated at a small Roman Catholic school at Woolshed.
After leaving school in 1870, Joe had a number of jobs including driving a delivery cart for a tannery, putting up fences, looking for gold, wood cutting, and shearing.
He often visited the Chinese village at Beechworth and became addicted to opium.
During the celebrations for the Prince of Wales birthday in 1873, Joe saw a suit of Chinese armour in the Beechworth museum.
This armour provided the ideas for the armour the Kelly Gang wore at Glenrowan.
In September 1873, Byrne was in court for taking a neighbour, Anton Wick's horse.
He had ridden it for several days before bringing it back.
He had to pay a fine of 20 shillings.
In December 1875, he was in court again for taking a saddle, but the court believed Byrne when he said he had found it in the bush.
On May 20, 1876, Joe Byrne and his friend, Aaron Sherritt, stole a cow and cut it up for the meat.
Someone saw them and told the police.
They were taken to court and given six months in the Beechworth Gaol.
In prison, Byrne and Sherritt met Jim Kelly, who was the brother of Ned and Dan Kelly.
Joe Byrne met Ned Kelly in 1876 and they became friends.
Byrne was probably at the Kelly house on 15 April, 1878, when Constable Fitzpatrick said that Ned Kelly shot him and that Ellen Kelly, Ned's mother, had hit him over the head with a shovel.
Ned and Dan Kelly went into hiding in the bush at Bullock Creek, an old gold mining area.
The police offered a reward of £100 for them, and Ellen Kelly was sent to gaol for three years.
Joe Byrne was at Stringybark Creek with the Kelly brothers and Steve Hart on 26 October, 1878, when they found four police officers on their trail, and shot three of them dead.
Joe Byrne shot dead Trooper Scanlon, and was wearing Scanlon's ring at the time of his death.
The gang were made outlaws on 15 November 1878, which meant they could be legally killed by anyone at any time.
A reward of £2000 (about AU$754,000 in 2008) was offered for them, dead or alive.
Byrne was Kelly's lieutenant, and the two of them planned the gang's actions.
The Kelly Gang robbed the Euroa branch of the National Bank of Australia and took over £2,000.
Joe Byrne wrote a letter in red ink for Ned Kelly which was sent to Donald Cameron, a local member of the Victorian Parliament.
Ned said justice had not been done in the case of his mother and himself.
It ended: "For I need no lead or powder to revenge my cause, and if words be louder I will oppose your laws."
The police locked up over 20 possible supporters of the Kelly gang between January 1879 and April 1879 under the Felons Apprehension Act 1878.
This increased public support for the gang, especially in north east Victoria.
Joe Byrne was able to use this increase this by writing a number poems about Ned Kelly and his gang, including "My Name is Ned Kelly":
Joe Byrne often visited his mother at her house in Beechworth.
He was also seen drinking in hotels in the town, even though there was a reward for him.
He could do it because of his skill and daring, and because the police were badly trained and badly led, and because of the support of local people for the Kelly Gang.
Kelly and Byrne planned their next robbery for Jerilderie.
On 10 February, 1879, dressed as policemen, the gang robbed the Bank of New South Wales at Jerilderie taking another £2,000.
Byrne wrote the Jerilderie Letter after Ned kelly’s words which wanted an independent republic in north east Victoria.
The money from both the Euroa and Jerilderie robberies was given to the gang's family, friends and supporters.
After the Jerilderie robbery, the gang went into hiding for 16 months.
This increased their reputation and embarrassed the government of Victoria and the police.
The Victorian Government increased the reward for the Kelly Gang to £8,000 (about AU$2,000,000 in 2005).
Siege of Glenrowan
Byrne and Kelly planned another bank robbery in Benalla in 1880.
They thought Aaron Sherritt was being used by police to get information about them.
Byrne had told Sherritt to tell the police that the gang was planning a robbery in the Goulburn River while they were really planning the Jerilderie robbery.
Kelly and Byrne believed that Sherritt could no longer be trusted.
They also knew he was being protected by the police.
Byrne and Dan Kelly murdered Sherritt on 26 June, 1880.
Ned Kelly believed that this would bring a large group of police to Beechworth to search for the killers.
The next day, the Kelly Gang took over the town of Glenrowan.
They tore up the railway tracks because they knew the police would travel by train to Beechworth.
They held over 60 people hostage in Jones' Hotel.
Thomas Curnow, the local school teacher, escaped and stopped the police train before it could crash on the missing track.
The police were able to surround the hotel.
Joe Byrne helped design the armour worn by all members of the gang at Glenrowan.
This did not stop him from being shot in the groin cutting his femoral artery.
He was in the middle of a speech about the gang when he was shot.
He died quickly from loss of blood on 28 June 1880.
The police set fire to the hotel, but they dragged his body out of the hotel before it burned down.
The bodies of Dan Kelly and Steve Hart were not brought out of the hotel, and were severely burned.
The next day his body was hung on the door of the police cells at Benalla, and photographed by newspaper reporters.
It was only removed after a young woman begged the police to let Byrne rest in peace.
His family did not take his body and the police would not give it to anyone else, they thought a funeral would become a starting point for a rebellion.
He was buried in an unmarked grave on the edge of the Benalla cemetery.
Ned Kelly was captured and tried in Melbourne.
Ned Kelly was hanged at Old Melbourne Gaol on 11 November 1880.
There is a legend that Kelly and Byrne had written a Declaration for the Republic of north-east Victoria which was destroyed by the Victorian Government.
Byrne and the Kelly legend
By writing the letters and the bush ballads, and designing the armour, Joe Byrne and Ned Kelly helped make the Kelly legend.
In the following 125 years, the legend has grown.
There have been a number of movies made about the Kelly Gang including The Story of the Kelly Gang in 1906, the world's first feature-length movie.
In 2003, Orlando Bloom played the part of Joe Byrne in Gregor Jordan's movie, Ned Kelly.
Australian novelist Peter Carey won the 2001 Booker Prize and the Commonwealth Writers Prize for  the True History of the Kelly Gang.
This was based on the Jerilderie letter written by Byrne.
Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang has been made famous by Sidney Nolan wearing the armour designed by Joe Byrne in a famous set of paintings.
This was used as a scene at the opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
Joe Byrne: Lieutenant of the Kelly Gang page
Glenrowan 1880 Joe Byrne page
Photographs of Joe Byrne
College basketball is basketball played between teams from colleges or universities, usually in the United States.
The most popular American college basketball league is the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Basketball in the NCAA is put into three divisions: Division I, Division II and Division III.
However, there are other college basketball leagues, such as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).
College basketball teams are split into conferences, which are groups of about 10 teams.
Division I of the NCAA has two tournaments to determine who the national champion.
One tournament is for men and one is for women.
The men's tournament has 68 teams, and the women's tournament has 64 teams.
These tournaments are often called "March Madness".
Compared to professional basketball
In NCAA basketball, there are more teams.
In NCAA basketball, there are fewer games.
In NCAA basketball, the 3-point line is farther back.
In NCAA basketball, the game is split into two 20 minute halves instead of four 12 minute quarters.
In NCAA basketball, the shot clock is 35 seconds instead of 24 seconds.
In NCAA basketball, the scores are usually lower.
Unlike private universities,  students generally don't have to pay money to study in public universities.
The University of Michigan–Flint is in Flint, Michigan, United States.
It is one of the three campuses in the University of Michigan, Michigan's oldest university and main campus.
1956 establishments in the United States
Shirley Mount Hufstedler (August 24, 1925 – March 30, 2016) was United States Secretary of Education under President Jimmy Carter.
She was born in Denver, Colorado.
In 1966, she was appointed Associate Justice of the California Court of Appeal.
President Lyndon Johnson appointed her Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 1968.
She served for eleven years before President Jimmy Carter appointed her U.S. Secretary of Education.
United States Secretaries of Education
Politicians from Denver, Colorado
The University of Michigan–Dearborn is a university in Dearborn, Michigan, United States.
Dearborn
Margaret Spellings (born Margaret Dudar on November 30, 1957) was the second  Secretary of Education under the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush.
She was previously Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy to President Bush.
Politicians from Michigan
Public Ivy is a term started by Richard Moll in his 1985 book Public Ivys: A Guide to America's best public undergraduate colleges and universities.
The book is about universities which "provide an Ivy League collegiate experience at a public school price."
Public Ivies are chosen, according to the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, to be able to be "successfully competing with the Ivy League schools in academic rigor... attracting superstar faculty and in competing for the best and brightest students of all races."
Nundle is a village in the New England area of New South Wales, Australia.
It was once the centre of Nundle Shire.
Most of this area, including the village of Nundle, was added to the new Tamworth Regional Council in 2004.
The village is 400 km north of Sydney and about 56 km south east of Tamworth.
In 2006 there were 289 people living in Nundle.
Nundle was settled when gold was found nearby at “The Hanging Rock” and Swamp Creek in 1852.
By June 1852 there were 300 people digging for gold at Oakenville Creek.
People from California, Europe and China were also digging along the Peel River and up the mountain slopes.
By 1865 there were about 500 people living there and about 50 shops and small businesses had started.
A  school building was put up in December 1871.
Lessons started in 1872.
Nundle was made a town in 1885.
In 1924 the Peel River Bridge was built.
In 1941 electricity was connected to the town.
During 1966 the swimming pool was opened by the Rt Hon.
Ian Sinclair.
There were 1350 people living in the area in 1969.
In 1979 the Premier of New South Wales, Neville Wran, opened the new Chaffey Dam.
Sheep, cattle and timber are now the main business activities in Nundle.
There are many old buildings: the Nundle Woollen Mill, old Court House, Peel Inn and Primitive Methodist Church.
The old Nundle Courthouse and Police Station have been placed on the Register of the National Estate.
Nundle is of the best areas in the State for finding crystals.
Some gold and other precious stones can be found including zircons, green jasper, sapphires and serpentine minerals.
Nundle is a popular tourist destination for both casual travellers and motorcycle riders.
Nearby is the interesting Hanging Rock mining village with good views of the Nundle valley.
A new bridge across the Peel River at Nundle was finished in 2008.
The cost of $683,000 was paid by the NSW State Government.
In July 2008 the rare Euphrasia arguta was rediscovered in a State Forest near Nundle.
This plant was last recorded in 1904.
It is believed to have grown after fire control burning the previous summer.
Caravan and cabin park
Bus service to Tamworth secondary schools
Nundle Pre-School
Nundle Public School
Rural Health Service
Pony Club
Golf and Bowling Club
Tennis Club with synthetic surface tennis courts
The annual Go for Gold Festival is held each Easter with around 4,000 visitors.
The State Member for Tamworth told the NSW Parliament “that visitors had come to Nundle from all points of the compass during the Easter weekend to enjoy the relaxed atmosphere and the beautiful setting.”
The Great Nundle Dog Race, only open to working dogs, is run on the first Sunday in May and attracts many visitors.
This event helps to raise money for sporting equipment, computers, books and trips for students at the Nundle Public School.
Tamworth Information, Tamworth City Council
Explore Australia, 20th edition, 2002, Viking
The National Library of Australia is Australia's largest reference library.
It was started by the National Library Act.
The library has to keep and develop a national collection of library material.
This includes a broad and complete collection of library material about Australia and the Australian people.
It is in Canberra, the capital of Australia.
The National Library of Australia, was officially set up with the National Library Act, 1960.
It had been working as a National Library, not just a Parliamentary Library, since 1901.
In 1901, a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was started to help the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia.
From its beginning, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library began to develop of a truly national collection.
In 1907 the chairman of the Joint Parliamentary Library Committee,  Sir Frederick Holder, gave the reasons for having the library.
Australia should have a great public library, like the famous Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. It would be a home for the literature of the world, for ever.
The Library's collections of Australian objects has become the nation's single most important collection of materials recording the Australian cultural history.
The Library collects Australian materials of all kinds including:
ephemera (small unimportant things that are not usually kept)
online publications
unpublished material like manuscripts, pictures and oral histories.
The Library has good collections in the performing arts, including dance.
The Library also has big collections of general overseas and rare book materials, as well as world-class Asian and Pacific collections which add to the Australian collections.
The print collections include large collections of microform.
The Library keeps the National Reserve Braille Collection.
In total, over 5 million items are held.
Films and sound recordings are kept in a separate collection run by the National Film and Sound Archive in Canberra.
The Library has digitised over 130,000 items from its collection.
The 100,000th was a photo .
These digital items can be seen on the Internet.
The Library is a world leader in digital preservation techniques.
It keeps an Internet archive of selected Australian websites, called the Pandora Archive.
Government agencies of Australia
Buildings and structures in Canberra
1960 establishments in Australia
Libraries in Australia
Breeza is a small village in New South Wales, Australia.
It is about 43 kms south of Gunnedah and 393 km north of Sydney.
It is a part of the Gunnedah Shire Local Government Area.
Breeza is in the Liverpool Plains agricultural area.
The area around Breeza is called the "Breeza Plains".
There are about 25 people who live in Breeza, and 133 who live in the area.
Breeza is on the Kamilaroi Highway about halfway between Gunnedah and Quirindi.
It is also on the North-west railway line, close to where it crosses the Mooki River.
Breeza has a grain silo.
It is often erroneously said that the bushranger Ben Hall was born at Breeza.
He was in fact born near Maitland, NSW but his father, Ben HAll Snr worked on Breeza Station at one time.
There is a Ben Hall wall with a painting at the roadside rest area/picnic spot.
The mural was painted by Bronwyn Bassett.
The bushranger, Frederick Ward, known as 'Thunderbolt',  robbed a Mr Matthews on the Breeza Plain in 1865.
Breeza Information - website
Breeza Travel Australia -  website
River conditions - Mooki River at Breeza
Retail is selling goods or items to the people who will use them.
This is different from wholesale, which is selling to a retailer.
Retailing can be done at shops and stores.
This includes department stores, malls and markets where stalls or stands are set up at a cleared area.
Another way of purchasing retail items is by ordering them by mail, telephone, Internet or other methods, to be delivered by post or package delivery service such as United Parcel Service.
Some items are sold door-to-door, in which a sales person goes to a possible customers home and tries to sell an item.
Mauro Zàrate (born March 18 1987 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine football player (footballer).
He plays for Lazio.
Gunnedah is a town in north-western New South Wales, Australia.
In 2006 there were 7,542 people living in the town.
Gunnedah is on the Oxley and Kamilaroi Highways.
It is 475 kms from  Sydney.
There is also a railway to Sydney.
There is a daily train service, the Countrylink Xplorer, between Sydney and Moree.
The major business is agriculture.
Gunnedah produces cotton, coal, beef, lamb, pork, and cereal and oilseed grains.
The Gunnedah area was the home of the Australian Aborigines who spoke the Kamilaroi (Gamilaraay) language.
The area of the town was settled by Europeans in 1833 or 1834.
Dorothea Mackellar wrote her famous poem My Country (popularly known as I Love a Sunburnt Country) about her family's farm near Gunnedah.
Every year the Dorothea Mackellar Poetry Awards for school students are held in Gunnedah.
Coal was found on Black Jack Hill in 1877.
By 1891, 6,000 tons of coal had been dug from shafts.
The Gunnedah Colliery Company was registered in May, 1899.
One month later a private railway some 5.7 km in length had been completed from the railway station to their mine.
In September, 1957, the Government Railway took over the working of the line.
Gunnedah Shire is 264 metres above sea level on the Liverpool Plains in the Namoi River valley.
It is very flat.
The tallest hills are only 200 metres above the flat plains.
The climate is hot in summer, mild in winter and dry.
Rainstorms occasionally cause flooding of the Namoi River.
Floods can cut transport links to the town and cut it off from the outside world.
The Gunnedah area has a lot of Australian wildlife, including kangaroos, echidnas and koalas.
Koalas can often be seen in trees within the town.
There is a newspaper, the Namoi Valley Independent.
There are 2 radio stations 2MO and 2GGG.
2MO claims to be the first station started in Australia outside the capital cities.
Gunnedah railway station is on the Mungindi (or North West) railway line, 475 km from Sydney.
The station was opened in 1879.
There is a large station building with single platform.
There is also a passing loop and small goods yard.
There is a single daily Xplorer diesel railmotor operating between Sydney and Moree.
Info Gunnedah
AgQuip
Gunnedah Shire Profile
Gunnedah Speedway
Gunnedah High School
Gunnedah South Public School
The main  idea is to divide (termed "split") the processing of a CPU instruction, as defined by the instruction microcode, into a series of independent steps of micro-operations (also called  "microinstructions", "micro-op" or "µop"), with storage at the end of each step.
This allows the CPUs control logic to handle instructions at the processing rate of the slowest step, which is much faster than the time needed to process the instruction as a single step.
Most modern CPUs are driven by a clock.
The CPU consists internally of logic and memory (flip flops).
When the clock signal arrives, the flip flops store their new value then the logic requires a period of time to decode the flip flops new values.
Then the next clock pulse arrives and the flip flops store another values, and so on.
By breaking the logic into smaller pieces and inserting flip flops between pieces of logic, the time required by the logic (to decode values till generating valid outputs depending on these values) is reduced.
In this way the clock period can be reduced.
For example, the RISC pipeline is broken into five stages with a set of flip flops between each stage as follows:
Instruction fetch
Instruction decode and register fetch
Register write back
Processors with pipelining consist internally of stages (modules) which can semi-independently work on separate microinstructions.
Each stage is linked by flip flops to the next stage (like a "chain") so that the stage's output is an input to another stage until the job of processing instructions is done.
Such organization of processor internal modules reduces the instruction's overall processing time.
A non-pipeline architecture is not as efficient because some CPU modules are idle while another module is active during the instruction cycle.
Pipelining does not completely remove idle time in a pipelined CPU, but making CPU modules work in parallel increases instruction throughput.
An instruction pipeline is said to be fully pipelined if it can accept a new instruction every clock cycle.
A pipeline that is not fully pipelined has wait cycles that delay the progress of the pipeline.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Pipelining
The cycle time of the processor is reduced; increasing the instruction throughput.
Pipelining doesn't reduce the time it takes to complete an instruction; instead it increases the number of instructions that can be processed simultaneously ("at once") and reduces the delay between completed instructions (called 'throughput').The more pipeline stages a processor has, the more instructions it can process "at once" and the less of a delay there is between completed instructions.
Every predominant general purpose microprocessor manufactured today uses at least 2 stages of pipeline up to 30 or 40 stages.
If pipelining is used, the CPU Arithmetic logic unit can be designed faster, but will be more complex.
Pipelining in theory increases performance over an un-pipelined core by a factor of the number of stages (assuming the clock frequency also increases by the same factor) and the code is ideal for pipeline execution.
Pipelined CPUs generally work at a higher clock frequency than the RAM clock frequency, (as of 2008 technologies, RAMs work at a low frequencies compared to CPUs frequencies) increasing computers overall performance.
Disadvantages of  Pipelining:
Pipelining has many disadvantages though there are a lot of techniques used by CPUs and compilers designers to overcome most of them; the following is a list of common drawbacks:
The design of a non-pipelined processor is simpler and cheaper to manufacture, non-pipelined processor executes only a single instruction at a time.
This prevents branch delays (in Pipelining, every branch is delayed) as well as problems when serial instructions being executed concurrently.
In pipelined processor, insertion of flip flops between modules increases the instruction latency compared to a non-pipelining processor.
A non-pipelined processor will have a defined instruction throughput.
The performance of a pipelined processor is much harder to predict and may vary widely for different programs.
Many designs include pipelines as long as 7, 10, 20, 31 and even more stages; a disadvantage of a long pipeline is when a program branches, the entire pipeline must be flushed (cleared).
The higher throughput of pipelines falls short when the executed code contains many branches: the processor cannot know in advance where to read the next instruction, and must wait for the branch instruction to finish, leaving the pipeline behind it empty.
This disadvantage can be reduced by predicting whether the a conditional branch instruction will branch based on previous activity.
After the branch is resolved, the next instruction has to travel all the way through the pipeline before its result becomes available and the processor resumes "working" again.
In such extreme cases, the performance of a pipelined processor could be worse than non-pipelined processor.
Unfortunately, not all instructions are independent.
In a simple pipeline, completing an instruction may require 5 stages.
To operate at full performance, this pipeline will need to run 4 subsequent independent instructions while the first is completing.
Any of those 4 instructions might depend on the output of the first instruction, causing the pipeline control logic to wait and insert a stall or wasted clock cycle into the pipeline until the dependency is resolved.
Fortunately, techniques such as forwarding can significantly reduce the cases where stalling is required.
Self-modifying programs may fail to execute properly on a pipelined architecture when the instructions being modified are near the instructions being executed.
This can be caused by the instructions may already being in the Prefetch Input Queue, so the modification may not take effect for the upcoming execution of instructions.
Instruction caches make the problem even worse.
Hazards: When a programmer (or compiler) writes assembly code, they generally assume that each instruction is executed before the next instruction is being executed.
When this assumption is not validated by pipelining it causes a program to behave incorrectly, the situation is known as a hazard.
Various techniques for resolving hazards or working around such as forwarding and delaying (by inserting a stall or a wasted clock cycle) exist.
Generic pipeline
Write-back
When a "hiccup" (interruption) in execution occurs, a "bubble" is created in the pipeline in which nothing useful happens.
In cycle 2, the fetching of the purple instruction is delayed and the decoding stage in cycle 3 now contains a bubble.
Everything behind the purple instruction is delayed as well but everything in front of the purple instruction continues with execution.
Bubbles are like stalls (delays), in which nothing useful will happen for the fetch, decode, execute and writeback.
It is like a NOP (short for No OPeration) code.
A typical instruction to add two numbers might be ADD A, B, C, which adds the values found in memory locations A and B, and then puts the result in memory location C. In a pipelined processor the pipeline controller would break this into a series of tasks similar to:
LOAD A, R1
LOAD B, R2
ADD R1, R2, R3
The locations 'R1' and 'R2' are registers in the CPU.
The values stored in memory locations labeled 'A' and 'B' are loaded (copied) into these registers, then added, and the result is stored in a memory location labeled 'C'.
In this example the pipeline is three stages long- load, execute, and store.
Each of the steps are called pipeline stages.
On a non-pipelined processor, only one stage can be working at a time so the entire instruction has to complete before the next instruction can begin.
On a pipelined processor, all of the stages can be working at once on different instructions.
So when this instruction is at the execute stage, a second instruction will be at the decode stage and a 3rd instruction will be at the fetch stage.
LOAD  #40, A      ; load 40 in A
MOVE  A, B        ; copy A in B
ADD   #20, B      ; add 20 to B
STORE B, 0x300    ; store B into memory cell 0x300
Note that, sometimes, an instruction will depend on the result of another one (like our MOVE example).
When more than one instruction references a particular location for an operand, either reading it (as an input) or writing it (as an output), executing those instructions in an order different from the original program order can lead to the hazards situation (mentioned above).
Pipeline (computing)
Instruction-level parallelism
Branch Prediction in the Pentium Family
ArsTechnica article on pipelining
Counterflow Pipeline Processor Architecture
Sami Hyypiä (born 7 October 1973 in Porvoo) is a Finnish football player.
He plays for Bayer Leverkusen and the Finland national team.
He is a defender in both of his teams and is captain of Finland and used to be the captain of Liverpool.
|1992||rowspan="4"|Myllykosken Pallo||rowspan="4"|Veikkausliiga||33||0||||||||||0||0||33||0
|1993||12||0||||||||||1||0||13||0
|1994||25||5||||||||||4||0||29||5
|1995||26||3||||||||||4||0||30||3
|1995/96||rowspan="4"|Willem II||rowspan="4"|Eredivisie||14||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||14||0
|1996/97||30||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||35||2
|1997/98||30||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||33||0
|1998/99||26||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0||31||2
|1999/00||rowspan="10"|Liverpool||rowspan="10"|Premier League||38||2||2||0||2||0||0||0||42||2
|2000/01||35||3||6||0||6||1||11||0||58||4
|2001/02||37||3||2||0||1||0||16||2||56||5
|2002/03||36||3||3||0||4||0||12||2||55||5
|2003/04||38||4||4||0||1||0||8||1||51||5
|2004/05||32||2||1||0||1||0||15||1||49||3
|2005/06||36||1||6||1||1||0||14||0||57||2
|2006/07||23||2||0||0||1||1||5||0||29||3
|2007/08||27||1||4||1||0||0||13||2||44||4
|2008/09||16||1||1||0||2||1||0||0||19||2
|2009/10||Bayer Leverkusen||Bundesliga||||||||||||||||||||
Total||103||5
Thisisanfield.com player profile
Profile at ESPNsoccernet.com
29 is the 29th album in the original Now series.
This compilation album was released in November 2008.
Songs include "Thunder" by Boys Like Girls, "Whatever You Like" by T.I., "Got Money" by Lil Wayne, and "Dangerous" by Kardinal Offishall and Akon and 16 other tracks.
P!nk – "So What"
E.G. Daily – "Changing Faces"
Pussycat Dolls – "When I Grow Up"
Sarah Robertson – "Exhausted"
Ne-Yo – "Closer"
Chris Brown – "Forever"
Kardinal Offishall featuring Akon – "Dangerous"
T.I. – "Whatever You Like"
Lil Wayne featuring T-Pain – "Got Money"
Savage featuring Soulja Boy Tell 'Em – "Swing"
Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West – "Put On"
Yung Berg featuring Casha – "The Business"
Jordin Sparks – "One Step at a Time"
Leona Lewis – "Better In Time"
Boys Like Girls – "Thunder"
Saving Abel – "Addicted"
Daughtry – "What About Now"
Matt Nathanson – "Come On Get Higher"
Darius Rucker – "Don't Think I Don't Think About It"
Keith Anderson – "I Still Miss You"
Christina Aguilera - "Reflection"
Rihanna - "Disturbia"
Katy Perry - "Hot 'n' Cold"
U.S. Series)
Thrissur is one of the fourteen districts of Kerala in southwest India.
It is the second largest city in Kerala and 20th largest city in India.
At the center of the city is a temple, the Vadakkumnathan temple which has Lord Siva as its presiding deity.
It is known as the cultural capital of Kerala because of the city's association with history, culture and archaeological remains.
Thrissur was once the capital of the Kingdom of Cochin.
It is located 300 kilometers (186 mi) towards north-west of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.
It is famous for Thrissur Pooram which is a temple festival.
Thrissur is also known as the “cultural capital of Kerala” as its well known for its cultural, spiritual and religious learnings throughout history.
Satellite image of Thrissur
Thrissur District Information- Hotels, Hospitals, Thrissur Places, Shops, Doctors, Banks, etc.
Michigan Territory was a territory of the United States in the early 19th century, between June 30, 1805 and January 26, 1837, when it became Michigan, the 26th state of the Union.
Detroit was the territory's capital.
The Treaty of Detroit was signed on November 17, 1807 between William Hurt and American Indians from the Odawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomi, and Wyandot people.
Those Indian tribes agreed to give the United States the area of Southeast Michigan and a part of Ohio near the Maumee River.
The Indians were allowed to own small amounts of land in the area.
This helped expand the territory.
These numbers do not count most Native Americans.
In 1800, the whole of the Northwest Territory had 43,365 people living in it.
Under the Northwest Ordinance, a territory could apply to become a state once it had 60,000 people living in it.
An act to divide Indiana Territory  (the law which created the Michigan Territory)
1837 disestablishments
The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church is a Chaldean Rite, Major Archiepiscopal Church in the Roman Catholic Church.
It is the largest group among the Saint Thomas Christians.
It originates from St. Thomas the Apostle who is believed to have come to India in AD 52.
The Syro Malabar Church is the largest St. Thomas Christian community in India.
They are also referred to as Syrian Catholics in Kerala.
This church has its headquarters in Cochin, Kerala.
Syro-Malabar Church has its presence all over the world.
However the proper location is in South India.
There are 26 Syro-Malabar dioceses world wide.
The Jurassic Coast is a stretch of  coast in south-west England.
It is between Orcombe Point near Exmouth in East Devon and Old Harry Rocks near Swanage in East Dorset.
This is 96 miles long (154 km).
Major fossil finds
The first ichthyosaur skeleton
The first plesiosaur
The first pterosaur outside Germany
These finds were by Mary Anning in the first part of the 19th century.
This area was home to Mary, a collector who searched for fossils of the coastline around Lyme Regis and discovered several complete Ichthyosaur fossils.
Chesil Beach (or Chesil Bank) is one of England's three shingle (gravel) beaches.
It is a barrier beach which runs parallel to the coastline and connects to Portland Bill (see photo).
Between the barrier and the regular coastline is a lagoon.
Golden Cap is the highest place on the south coast of England.
Sequence of rocks
The Blue Lias is a geologic formation in the Jurassic Coast and parts of south Wales.
It is part of the Lias Group.
The Blue Lias consists of a sequence of limestone and shale layers.
It was laid down in late Triassic and early Jurassic times, between 195 and 200 million years ago.
The Blue Lias is famous for its fossils, especially ammonites.
Also found were remains of a number of dinosaurs, and the pterosaur Dimorphodon.
Gateway towns
West Bay
Abbotsbury
Budleigh Salterton
Charmouth — Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre
Lulworth
Sidmouth
Jurassic Coast official website
The South West Coast Path National Trail
Jurassic Coast UNESCO World Heritage site datasheet
The size or length of an instruction varies widely, from as little as 4-bits in some microcontrollers to many as multiples of a bytes in some very long instruction word (VLIW) systems.
Most modern processors used in personal computers, mainframes, and supercomputers have instruction sizes between 16 and 64 bits.
In some architectures, especially Reduced instruction set computers, instructions are of fixed length, typically corresponding with that architecture's word size.
On traditional architectures, an instruction includes an opcode specifying the operation to be performed, such as "add contents of memory to register", and zero or more operand specifiers, which may specify registers, memory locations, or literal data.
The operand specifiers may have addressing modes determining their meaning or may be in fixed fields.
Machine language
Piacenza is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy.
It is the capital city of the province of Piacenza.
99,897 people live there.
Piacenza is famous for its palazzi.
A superscalar CPU design makes a form of parallel computing called Instruction-level parallelism inside a single CPU, which allows more work to be done at the same clock rate.
This means the CPU executes more than one instruction during a clock cycle by running multiple instructions at the same time (called instruction dispatching) on duplicate functional units.
Each functional unit is just an execution resource inside the CPU core, like an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), floating point unit (FPU), a bit shifter, or a multiplier.
Instructions come from an ordered instruction list.
CPU hardware can work out which instructions have which data dependencies.
Can read multiple instructions per clock cycle
Each instruction run by a scalar processor changes one or two data items at a time, but each instruction executed by a vector processor handles many data items at once.
A superscalar processor is a mixture of the two:
Each instruction processes one data item.
There are multiple duplicate functional units inside each CPU core, so that multiple instructions handle independent data items at the same time.
Superscalar CPU design is concerned with improving accuracy of the instruction dispatcher, and allowing it to keep the multiple functional units busy at all times.
As of 2008, all general-purpose CPUs are superscalar, a typical superscalar CPU may include up to 4 ALUs, 2 FPUs, and two SIMD units.
If the dispatcher can't keep all of the units busy, the performance of the CPU will be lower.
The level of built-in parallelism in the instruction list
The complexity and time cost of the dispatcher and data dependency checking.
No matter how fast the dispatcher speed, there is a practical limit on how many instructions can be simultaneously dispatched.
While hardware advances will allow for more functional units (e.g., ALUs) per CPU core, the problem of checking instruction dependencies increases to a limit that the achievable superscalar dispatching limit is somewhat small. --
Likely on the order of five to six simultaneously dispatched instructions.
Simultaneous multithreading: often abbreviated as SMT, is a technique for improving the overall speed of superscalar CPUs.
SMT allows multiple independent threads of execution to better use the resources available inside a modern superscalar processor.
Multi-core processors: superscalar processors differ from multi-core processors in that the multiple redundant functional units are not entire processors.
A single superscalar processor is composed of advanced functional units such as the ALU, integer multiplier, integer shifter, floating point unit (FPU), etc.
There may be multiple versions of each functional unit to enable execution of many instructions in parallel.
This differs from a Multi-core processors that concurrently processes instructions from multiple threads, one thread per core.
Pipelined processors: superscalar processors also differs from a pipelined CPU, where the multiple instructions can concurrently be in various stages of execution.
The various alternative techniques are not mutually exclusive—they can be (and frequently are) combined in a single processor, so it is possible to design a multicore CPU is where each core is an independent processor with multiple parallel superscalar pipelines.
Some multicore processors also include vector capability.
Simultaneous multithreading (SMT)
Mike Johnson, Superscalar Microprocessor Design, Prentice-Hall, 1991,