the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Some man-made materials, including wood-like materials, are made using glues to bind together small pieces of material or powders.
While many glues are safe, certain kinds of glue contain strong-smelling chemicals.
Some people sniff these glues to get high.
Sometimes people breathe in the vapors by mistake.
This is a very bad idea because these chemicals are often poisons and may cause brain damage or illness.
The Angara is a river in Siberia, Russia, close to the Jenissei.
It is nearly 1.779 km long.
It flows out of Lake Baikal and into the Jenissei.
A big city on the river is Irkutsk.
Rivers of Russia
The Yenisei (Енисе́й) is a river in Siberia.
It belongs to the greatest river system that flows into the Arctic Ocean.
The Yenisei is the fifth-longest river in the world.
It is a little shorter than the Mississippi River, but with 1.5 times the flow.
It comes from Mongolia and follows a northern course to the Kara Sea.
The river drains a large part of central Siberia.
The longest stream following the Yenisei-Angara-Selenga-Ider is about 5539 km long.
Its watershed, which includes the world's largest (by volume) lake, Lake Baikal, holds more water than any other river system.
The upper parts of the system have rapids and flooding, and pass through areas where very few people live.
The middle section is controlled by a series of large hydroelectric dams.
The dams were built to supply a major Russian primary industry.
Partly built by gulag labor in Soviet times, industrial contamination is a big problem in the area.
The area is very hard for the police to watch.
Moving on through sparsely populated taiga, the Yenisei grows with many tributaries and finally reaches the Kara Sea in desolate tundra where it is covered with ice for more than half the year.
As with other Siberian rivers, the flow has increased lately.
People think this is because of global warming.
A concern was also raised that a change in the salt in the Arctic may have a global impact on ocean currents.
Geography of Mongolia
Moonspell is a heavy metal band from Portugal.
It was started in 1992.
Moonspell's first EP was Under the Moonspell, which was released in 1994.
Wolfheart (1995)
Irreligious (1996)
Sin/Pecado (1998)
The Butterfly Effect (1999)
Darkness and Hope (2001)
The Antidote (2003)
Memorial (2006)
Under Satanæ (2007)
Night Eternal (2008)
Alpha Noir / Ómega White (2012)
Extinct (2015)
1755 (2017)
Hermitage (2021)
Fernando Ribeiro (Langsuyar) – vocals (1989–present)
Miguel Gaspar (Mike/Nisroth) – drums (1992–present)
Ricardo Amorim (Morning Blade) – guitar (1995–present)
Pedro Paixão (Passionis/Neophytus) – keyboard/guitar (1993–present)
Aires Pereira (Ahriman) – bass (2007–present)
Luís Lamelas (Malah/Fenrir) – guitar (1992–1993)
Jorge Fonseca (J.M. Tanngrisnir) – guitar (1993–1995)
Duarte Picoto (Mantus) – guitar (1992–1995)
João Pedro (Tetragrammaton/Ares) – bass (1992–1997)
Sérgio Crestana – bass (1997–2003)
Niclas Etelävuori – bass (2003–2006)
Waldemar Sorychta – bass (2006–2007)
Official Moonspell page
Portuguese musicians
Black metal bands
Folk metal bands
Siberia is the part of Russia that is in Asia.
It covers wide landscapes, and stretches from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific.
It goes from the Arctic Ocean to the border with China, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia.
The Yenisei river is sometimes called the border between east Siberia and west Siberia.
Siberia covers about 70% of all Russian territory, but only 26% of Russians live there.
It is one of the coldest places on Earth where people live.
70% of people in Siberia live in big cities and small towns.
Novosibirsk is the largest city in Siberia, with a population more than .
Omsk and Krasnoyarsk also have populations of over a million people.
Tomsk and Kemerovo have populations of over a 500 thousand population.
Tomsk is one of the most beautiful places in Siberia, it has the best education in Siberia.
Omsk has got very polluted air.
Siberian people
Many different ethnic groups live in Siberia.
They are sometimes called Sibiryak (Russian: сибиряк) or Sybirak (Russian: сыбирак, from Polish) people.
Most people in Siberia who are not Slavic, are Turkic peoples.
The first Slavic settlers, from European Russia, arrived in the 17th century.
Russian Siberia: Ethnic History and Traditional Culture
Groups of Russians of Siberia
Russians in Siberia
Russians: ethnographic description
History of Russians in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The Opel Corsa is a subcompact car.
It has been produced by the German car manufacturer Opel since 1982.
There are five generations of the Corsa.
The first generation was sold as the Vauxhall Nova in the UK.
The Corsa is also sold under the Vauxhall brand in the UK.
The first generation Corsa A was made from September 1982 to March 1993 and was sold as the Vauxhall Nova in the UK from April 1983.
It was sold with hatchback and saloon bodies with 2 or 4 doors and was facelifted in September 1987 and again in September 1990.
The second generation Corsa B was made from April 1993 to September 2000 with Vauxhall taking on the name in the UK.
It was only available with hatchback models with 3 or 5 doors and was facelifted in August 1997.
In May 1994, it launched as the Holden Barina for the Australasian market.
The third generation Corsa C was made from October 2000 to September 2006 with the same 3 and 5-door versions as before and was facelifted in August 2003.
It was also sold as a Holden Barina from 2001 to the end of 2005.
The fourth generation Corsa D was made from October 2006 to September 2014 and grew larger in size compared to its predecessor.
It was facelifted in early 2011.
The fifth generation Corsa E was made from October 2014 to September 2019 which is a heavy update of the previous version with revised exterior styling and a new interior, it was not facelifted during its run.
The sixth generation Corsa F is made from October 2019 to present.
Only a 5-door model is offered and shares its platform with the second generation Peugeot 208.
An electric version called the Corsa-e is also available.
For the first time in 2021, the Vauxhall Corsa became the UK’s best-selling car.
Cars of around the same size
Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band.
It was started by Steve Harris in 1975.
Its first music album was Iron Maiden, which was released in 1980.
The singer Paul Di'Anno was replaced by Bruce Dickinson in 1982.
Bruce Dickinson left in 1993 and was replaced by Blaze Bayley.
In 1999, Dickinson returned to the band.
The mascot of the band is Eddie, a monster, who is present in the concerts and also appears on the album covers.
Eddie is most often shown as a dead body that has come back to life and looks very evil.
The band's music shows often have a statue of Eddie that is very large and much taller than the band.
Iron Maiden has released many albums.
The band's newest album, The Book of Souls, was released in the year 2015.
Iron Maiden has sold over 100 million copies of their albums world wide.
Bruce Dickinson - vocals
Janick Gers - guitar
Steve Harris - bass guitar
Nicko McBrain - percussion
Dave Murray - guitar
Adrian Smith - guitar
Sean Marleau - keyboards/synth
Paul Di'Anno - vocals
Blaze Bayley - vocals
Clive Burr - percussion
Sean Marleau - percussion, vocals
Iron Maiden (1980)
Killers (1981)
The Number of the Beast (1982)
Piece of Mind (1983)
Powerslave (1984)
Somewhere in Time (1986)
Seventh Son of a Seventh Son (1988)
No Prayer for the Dying (1990)
Fear of the Dark (1992)
The X Factor (1995)
Virtual XI (1998)
Brave New World (2000)
Dance of Death (2003)
A Matter of Life and Death (2006)
The Final Frontier (2010)
The Book of Souls (2015)
Senjutsu (2021)
Ljubljana is the capital city of Slovenia.
The city became the most important settlement in the area when Romans ruled Slovenia.
There are many museums with things from that time in Ljubljana.
As of 2002, there were 265,881 people living in Ljubljana.
The University of Ljubljana is in Ljubljana.
The city has an area of 163.8 square kilometers (63.2 sq mi).
It is located about 320 kilometers (200 mi) south of Munich, 477 kilometers (296 mi) east of Zürich, 250 kilometers (160 mi) east of Venice, 350 kilometers (220 mi) southwest of Vienna, 224 kilometers (139 mi) south of Salzburg and 400 kilometers (250 mi) southwest of Budapest.
July and August are the warmest months.
The daily temperatures at these times are generally between 25 and 30 °C (77 and 86 °F).
January is the coldest month with temperatures closer to 0 °C (32 °F).
Ljubljana is also one of the wettest European capitals.
Yearly precipitation is about 1,400 mm (55 in).
It can also snow anytime from December to February.
Ljubljana features many kinds of architectural styles.
Prominent buildings include Prešeren Square, Ljubljana Castle, Town Hall, Ljubljana Cathedral, and Nebotičnik.
There are also several parks around the city.
Tivoli City Park (Mestni park Tivoli) is the largest park in Ljubljana.
The most notable bridges of Ljubljana are the Triple Bridge (Tromostovje), the Trnovo Bridge (Trnovski most), the Dragon Bridge (Zmajski most), the Hradecky Bridge (Slovene: Hradeckega most), and the Butchers' Bridge (Mesarski most).
The Trnovo Bridge crosses the Gradaščica, whereas the others cross the Ljubljanica.
Chemnitz, Germany
Chengdu, China
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Klagenfurt, Austria
Mardin, Turkey
Leverkusen, Germany
Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England
Wiesbaden, Germany
Zagreb,Croatia
The official Ljubljana page, in Slovene and English
History and Travel Information
Establishments in Slovenia
Nukuʻalofa is the capital city of Tonga.
It is on the island of Tongatapu.
35% of Tongans live in Nukuʻalofa.
As of 1996, about 22,400 people lived there.
General Motors Company is the largest American car company.
It is based in the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan.
It was founded in 1908 by a man named Billy Durant.
It makes cars and trucks in 31 countries.
About 209,000 people work for it.
It is the second largest car company in the world, after Toyota.
In the 1950s and 1960s, it dominated the car industry, but it fell into decline by the 1980s and 90s.
The company went through a bankruptcy in 2009 and was bought by the US Government, which has been selling its stake in the company.
As of April 2014, GM is being investigated by the United States Congress over the deaths of 13 people involving faulty ignition systems that have been used in many GM cars, with some built as early as 1997.
In May 2014 the company was fined $35 million from NHTSA over the ignition problem.
In the past, General Motors has used other brands, including Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Saturn, Hummer, Geo, and Daewoo, but none of these are produced by GM as of 2014.
They either have gone out of business or were merged into Chevrolet.
GM also owned Saab from 1989-2010, and also held stakes in Isuzu and Suzuki until 2008.
In 2017 they sold Opel and Vauxhall Motors to Groupe PSA.
Companies based in Detroit, Michigan
Bartolomeu Dias(or Bartholomew Dias, 1450 - May 29, 1500) was a Portuguese explorer who was the first European to sail past the Cape of Good Hope now Cape Town.
In 1487, King John II of Portugal asked  Dias to find a new route for the spice trade and to find a legendary Christian king named Prester John in the east.
In 1488 Bartholomew and his sailors sailed along the western coast of Africa.
They got caught in a storm and landed at a cape in southern Africa and they could not sail beyond that point.
They named it "Cape of Storms" and later returned to Portugal.
The king of Portugal considered it as a victory gained by the Portuguese adventurers and named it as "Cape of Good Hope".
Because Prester John did not really exist, they did not find his country but the route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean leading to Asia turned out to be valuable.
With his voyage over, he'd later continue with a voyage with Vasco Da Gama, Reaching India at last
1450 births
1500 deaths
Commanding a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabral's later expedition to Brazil he died at sea in 1500 during a storm.
There was a statue made for him later in Cape Town, South Africa.
Cape Agulhas is the point in Africa which is farthest south.
It is in the country of South Africa.
It is near the town of Agulhas.
Agulhas
Holy Roman Emperor was the title that was given to the ruler of a loose group of places in mostly Central Europe called the Holy Roman Empire.
The title of "emperor" was passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom  (for which "France" is named) when, on 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
List of emperors
This list includes all emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, whether or not they called themselves Holy Roman Emperor.
There are some gaps.
For example, Henry the Fowler was King of Germany but not Emperor.
Emperors before Otto the Great
Some historians say the Carolingian Empire was the start of the Holy Roman Empire.
Others say the start of the Holy Roman Empire was 962.
The rulers who were crowned as Emperors in the West before 962 were as follows:
Guideschi dynasty
Bosonid dynasty
Unruoching dynasty
Ottonian (Saxon) dynasty
Salian (Frankish) dynasty
Supplinburg dynasty
Staufen (or Hohenstaufen) dynasty
Welf dynasty
House of Luxembourg
Fatu Hiva is a tropical island in the Pacific Ocean.
It is part of French Polynesia and the Marquesas Islands.
There are about 600 people living on Fatu Hiva.
It is 22 km away from Motu Nao.
The three main villages are Hana Vave, Omo'a and Uia.
Tampere () is the third biggest city in Finland.
It is the capital of the  Pirkanmaa area.
Tampere was started in 1779.
At 1800's, Tampere became to be a notable industrialized city and one of the biggest cities in Finland.
Official Tampere page, in Finnish
The official Tampere Region visitor website
1779 establishments in Europe
18th-century establishments in Finland
Asikkala is a municipality of Finland.
It is in the province of Southern Finland and the region of Päijänne Tavastia.
The downtown of Asikkala is called Vääksy.
It has a canal, Vääksyn kanava.
Asikkala has an area of 756.2 km².
192.29 km² of it is water.
Asikkala is on the coast of the lake Päijänne.
As of 31 May 2013, 8,444 people live in the municipality.
The official Asikkala page
Municipalities of Päijänne Tavastia
Lordi is a Finnish heavy metal band, which is famous for their monster costumes and songs like "Would You Love a Monsterman?", "
Hard Rock Hallelujah", "Devil Is a Loser", "Blood Red Sandman", "This Is Heavy Metal" and "Sincerely with Love".
Lordi was started in 1992 by Mr. Lordi.
Its original members were Mr. Lordi (vocals), Kita (percussion), Amen (guitar), G-stealer (bass) and Enary (keyboards).
The first single was "Would You Love a Monsterman?"
in 2002.
It was also included in the band's album Get Heavy.
Their music and style has been compared to the American groups Kiss and Twisted Sister.
Mr. Lordi (Tomi Putaansuu) - vocals (1992-)
Amen (Jussi Sydänmaa) - guitar (1996-)
Hiisi - bass guitar (2019-)
Mana - drums (2012-)
Hella - keyboards (2012-)
G-Stealer (Sami Keinänen) - bass (1996-1999)
Magnum (Sami Wolking) - bass, backing vocals (1999-2002)
Kalma (Niko Hurme) - bass, backing vocals (2002-2005)
Enary (Erna Siikavirta) - keyboards, backing vocals (1996-2005)
Kita (Sampsa Astala) - drums (2000-2010)
Otus (Tonmi Lillman) - drums (2010-2012)
Awa (Leena Peisa) - keyboards (2005-2012)
OX (Samer el Nahhal) - bass guitar (2005-2018)
Napalm Market (demo album, 1993)
Bend Over and Pray the Lord (1997)
Get Heavy (2002)
The Monsterican Dream (2004)
The Monster Show (collection, 2005)
The Arockalypse (2006)
Deadache (2008)
Zombilation – The Greatest Cuts (collection, 2009)
Babez for Breakfast (2010)
Scarchives Vol.
1 (collection, 2012)
To Beast or Not To Beast (2013)
Scare Force One (2014)
Monstereophonic (Theaterror Vs.
Demonarchy) (2016)
Sexorcism (2018)
Killection (2020)
Lordiversity (2021)
Singles and EPs
Would You Love a Monsterman? (
Devil is a Loser (2003)
Blood Red Sandman (2004)
My Heaven Is Your Hell (2004)
Hard Rock Hallelujah (2006)
Who's Your Daddy? (
Would You Love A Monsterman? (
2006) (2006) (PROMO)
It Snows In Hell (2006)
They Only Come Out At Night (2007)
Beast Loose In Paradise (2008)
Bite It Like A Bulldog (2008)
Famous Five (EP, 2008)
This Is Heavy Metal (2010)
Rock Police (2010)
The Riff (2013)
Nailed by the Hammer of Frankenstein (2014)
Hug You Hardcore (2016)
Your Tongue’s Got the Cat (2018)
Naked in My Cellar (2018)
Shake the Baby Silent (2019)
I Dug a Hole in the Yard for You (2019)
Like A Bee To The Honey (2020)
Believe Me (2021)
Abracadaver (2021)
Borderline (2021)
The Kin (2004)
Dark Floors (2008)
Monster Magazine (2002)
The Uninvited Guests (2003)
Keräilijä (2006)
Alkuperä (2006)
Verenjano (2007)
Verensininen (2008)
Graphic Novels (2013)
Illustrated Lyrics (2014)
The official Lordi page
International fan club
Finnish musical groups
A CD-R (also called Compact Disc Recordable) is a compact disc that can be recorded once.
When people record a compact disc, they put either music or data on it.
When you put data onto a CD, it is called burning a disc.
A laser "burns" pits into a dye layer on the disc, making them transparent.
These transparent pits can later be read back by the CD drive or audio CD player as data or music.
The first CD-Rs from the early 1990s held 63 minutes of audio.
In the mid-1990s, 74-minute discs became common.
Most CD-Rs made from 2000 onward hold 80 minutes, or 700 MB of data.
90 and 99-minute CD-Rs are available, although they are non-standard and many players and recorders do not support them.
There are three types of dye used in CD-R discs.
The most common is phthalocyanine, and it is usually light green.
CMC Pro (formerly Taiyo Yuden) uses cyanine dye.
It is usually teal or dark green.
Verbatim uses phthalocyanine dye on some discs, and AZO dye on others.
AZO dye is usually dark blue or blue-ish silver.
The metal layer on the disc is usually made of silver.
Archival discs and some professional audio discs use a gold top layer.
Verbatim UltraLife discs have a silver main layer, and a gold upper protective layer, providing the reflectivity of silver and the chemical stability of gold.
Early cyanine discs could decay and become unplayable within a few years.
Recent cyanine discs have preservatives added to the dye to prevent this from happening.
AZO and phthalocyanine dyes do not need preservatives and do not decay easily.
The Truman Show is a 1998 American comedy-drama movie.
It is directed by Peter Weir and was written by Andrew Niccol.
The main star of the movie is Jim Carrey.
The movie is about a young man called Truman Burbank who lives in a fictional town called Seahaven.
The whole town fits into a dome shape and Truman can be seen all over the world on television.
He has been on the reality show since he was born.
He was the one out of six unwanted babies to be in the show.
He does not realise until later that the town he is living in is made-up.
Christof is the creator of the show and some would call him a villain, because of the human rights abuse of Truman.
He is in charge of making everything go right and cannot afford to lose Truman.
1998 comedy-drama movies
Movies directed by Peter Weir
Krill are small shrimp-like crustaceans  about an inch or so long, found in all the oceans of the world.
In areas with nutrients, they occur in huge swarms, with more than 10,000 krill per cubic meter.
They feed on phytoplankton and to a lesser extent zooplankton.
Krill are ecologically very important, because they are near the bottom of the food chain.
They make up the largest part of the diet of  many animals.
In the Southern Ocean, one species, the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, makes up an estimated biomass of over , roughly twice that of the human race.
They are eaten by many animals, including whales, seals, penguins, birds, fish, squid, and whale sharks.
Of this, over half is eaten by each year, and is replaced by growth and reproduction.
Most krill species make large vertical migrations.
They are distinguished from other crustaceans such as true shrimp by their externally visible gills.
The order Euphausiacea is divided into two families, Bentheuphausiidae and Euphausiidae.
the first has one species, the second has 85 species.
Well known species are the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), Pacific krill (Euphausia pacifica) and Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica).
Except for Bentheuphausia amblyops, krill are bioluminescent.
They have organs called photophores which emit light.
The light is made by an enzyme-catalysed chemiluminescence reaction.
A luciferin (a kind of pigment) is activated by a luciferase enzyme.
Krill probably get this substance as part of their diet, which contains dinoflagellates.
Krill photophores are complex organs with lenses and focusing abilities, and can be rotated by muscles.
The exact function of these organs is not known.
The possibilities include mating, social interaction or as a form of camouflage to compensate for their shadow against the overhead light.
Subaru is a car company that is part of a larger Japanese company called Fuji Heavy Industries, who also makes other things like buses and airplanes.
Subaru builds cars in Japan and also builds cars in the state of Indiana.
Their cars are known for having all-wheel drive, which means that the engine drives all four wheels, instead of just the wheels in the front or in the back.
They also have boxer engines, which means that the pistons and the cylinders in the engine fire left to right instead of up and down or at an angle.
Fuji Heavy Industries in 1954 built a car called the Subaru P-1.
It was named by the person who was CEO, Kenji Kita.
From 1954 to 1997 the company designed and built other vehicles including the tiny 360 (1958), the Sambar (1961), the 1000 (1965), the R2 (1969), the Leone (1971), the Domingo (1983), the Alcyone (1985), the Legacy (1989), the Impreza (1993), the Sambar EV electric van (1995), and the Forester (1997).
1950s establishments in Japan
A giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is a mammal which lives in Africa.
Giraffes have an even number of toes and are the tallest land animals.
Giraffes and Okapi are the family Giraffidae, and are the only extant giraffids.
Giraffes have a very long neck and long legs.
Giraffes are the tallest land animals on Earth, with necks that can be up to 2-2.4 m (6.6-7.9 ft) in length.
Fully grown giraffes stand  tall, with males taller than females.
The tallest recorded male was  and the tallest recorded female was  tall.
The average weight is  for an adult male and  for an adult female.
Maximum weights of  and having been recorded for males and females, respectively.
They have a long black tongue, up to 45 cm in length.
This they use to wrap around leaves and pull them off trees.
Their fur has a light yellowish tan or off-white colour with brown or russet patches.
No two giraffes have the same pattern.
The different sub-species have different coat patterns.
Both male and female giraffes have small horn-like stumps on their head, which are covered with skin.
The horns are called ossicones.
These come from the cartilage displaced from their skull as it develops.
These are fur-covered bumps on their skulls, unlike the horns of other animals.
Giraffes are found in parts of Africa.
They live on the savannah, which is the African grassland, or in light woodland.
They do not live in thick forests where it is difficult to see predators (such as lions) approaching.
The temperature is normally around 70 degrees.
Most giraffes live either in East Africa or in Angola and Zambia in southwestern Africa.
Giraffes eat mostly leaves from tall trees, which they can reach because of their long legs and long necks, as well as fruit.
Their rough tongue allows them to eat the acacia leaves protected by thorns.
They can go without water for weeks.
Like all mammals, giraffes have only seven bones in their necks.
Giraffes live alone or in loose groups.
Young male giraffes foa single baby, which is called "calf".
Giraffes give birth while standing, so the baby falls down 2 metres.
Giraffe calfs are already 2 m tall and weigh 50-55 kg.
The calf stays with its mother for 1½ years.
Young giraffes become mature when they are 4 years old, and they are fully grown when they are 6 years old.
Giraffes can live to 25 years old, and in captivity they can live 35 years.
Giraffes use their feet to kick predators away, and mature male giraffes use their head and necks to fight for dominance at mating time.
These long necks, are, in fact, used as a weapon during the male on male intra–sexual battle that is also referred to as a spar.
The females, who receive little to no aid from their partners in raising the calves, prefer the males that are victorious.
Those with the longer and stronger necks will reproduce more frequently and keep their genes in the giraffe population for longer compared to the males with shorter, weaker necks.
There are about nine different subspecies of giraffe, with only small differences between them.
When giraffes of two different sub-species breed, the young are called hybrids (mixed breeds).
Of the nine sub-species of giraffe, only one, the Rothchild's, is endangered.
Giant isopods are big crustaceans that live at the bottom of the ocean.
They can grow up to 45 cm long and weigh up to 1.7 kg.
Currently about 9 different species are known.
Giant isopods usually eat dead whales, fish and squid.
They may also be active scavengers, and hunt slow-moving prey, such as sea cucumbers, sponges, nematodes.
Perhaps they even catch live fish.
They live in depths between 170m to about 2200m. Over 80% can be found between 365 m and 730 m  of depth.
They probably prefer a muddy or clay ocean floor environment, and lead solitary lives.
Isopods
Elementary algebra is the most basic form of algebra taught to students.
It is often one of the next areas of mathematics taught to students after arithmetic.
While in arithmetic only numbers and operators like +, −, ×, and ÷ occur; in algebra, variables (like a, x, y) are used to stand for numbers.
This is useful because:
It lets people solve problems about "unknown" numbers.
This means learning about equations and how to solve them (for example, "find a number x where ").
It allows the generalization of the rules from arithmetic.
While some students understand that , it helps to prove that  for all a and b. This makes algebra a good step to learning about abstraction (learning general ideas from many examples).
It helps people understand and create functional relationships (also sometimes called cause and effect).
An example of this is "if x tickets are sold, then the profit will be  dollars".
These three are the main strands of elementary algebra.
Elementary algebra is often used in many other subjects, like science, business, and building.
Abstract algebra, a much more advanced topic, is generally taught late in college.
Simple algebra problems
If an equation has only one number that is unknown it is sometimes easy to solve.
The unknown number is called "x":
To solve a simple equation with one unknown amount add, subtract, multiply, or divide both sides of the equation by the same number in order to put the unknown amount, x, on one side of the equation.
Once x is by itself on one side, use arithmetic to determine the amount on the other side of the equation.
For example, by subtracting 4 from both sides in the equation above:
It may help to think of this equation as a see-saw or balance, what you do to one side, you must do to the other and your main aim is to get x by itself.
has the following components:
1 : Exponent (power), 2 : Coefficient, 3 : term, 4 : operator, 5 : constant,  : variables
Kesälahti is a former municipality in Finland.
It is part of the North Karelia region.
There are almost 2,700 people living in Kesalahti.
Kesalahti is the southernmost municipality of North Karelia.
It was officially founded in 1873.
The area of the municipality is 582.67 km².
195.42 km² of it is water.
Kesälahti is advertised as a popular summer destination for families enjoying camping.
The Puruvesi lake shores host three active camping grounds with cabins,¨and tent and trailer lots to let.
The name of the municipality can be translated as 'summer bay'.
It was merged with Kitee on 1 January 2013.
The official Kesalahti page
Advocate of Kesälahti and North Karelian culture
Former municipalities of Finland
1870s establishments in Finland
Eckerö is a municipality in the Åland Islands, Finland.
As of March 2006, there are 926 people living in Eckerö.
Eckerö is the westernmost municipality of Finland.
Mariehamn, the capital of Åland, is located 35 km away.
95 % of the people in Eckerö speak Swedish as their first language.
The official Eckerö page, in Swedish, Finnish, English and German
Municipalities of Finland
Utsjoki is a municipality in Lapland, Finland.
Utsjoki is the only municipality in Finland where most people speak Sami as their first language.
As of February 2005, 1,373 people lived in Utsjoki.
The municipalities next to it are Inari in Finland and Karasjok, Tana and Nesseby in Norway.
Nuorgam in Utsjoki is the northernmost village in Finland and the European Union.
In the Northern Sami language, the municipality is known as Ohcejohka.
Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Savitaipale is a Finnish municipality in the South Karelia region.
As of January 2014, more than 3,700 people lived in Savitaipale.
Savitaipale has an area of 690.78 km².
151.63 km² of it is water.
The municipality is on the coast of the Lake Kuolimo.
Helsinki is 220 km away.
Neighbouring municipalities are Kouvola, Lemi, Luumäki, Mikkeli, Mäntyharju, Puumala and Taipalsaari.
The municipality was established in 1639.
The official Savitaipale page
Municipalities of South Karelia
Vantaa () is the fourth largest city in Finland (after Helsinki, Espoo and Tampere).
It is part of the Greater Helsinki area.
The most important parts of Vantaa are Tikkurila, Hakunila, Koivukylä, Korso, Martinlaakso and Myyrmäki.
Tuusula, Kerava, Sipoo, Helsinki, Espoo and Nurmijärvi are neighbour communities and cities of Vantaa.
Vantaa has been a city since 1974.
As of April 2014, the population was about 208,800.
The current mayor is Juhani Paajanen.
Finnish and Swedish are the official languages of Vantaa.
In 2006 Swedish was the mother language of 3.1 percent of population of Vantaa.
Mayors of Vantaa
Lauri Lairala 1974-1989
Pirjo Ala-Kapee 1989-1997
Erkki Rantala 1997-2003
Juhani Paajanen 2003-
People who were born in Vantaa
Patrik Antonius, a professional poker player
Sampsa Astala, a musician on Lordi
Valtteri Filppula, a ice hockey player
Jaakko Hintikka, a professor in Boston University
Mika Häkkinen, Formula 1 world champion
Sami Kapanen, an ice hockey player
Ville Peltonen, an ice hockey player
Jarkko Ruutu, an ice hockey player
Tuomo Ruutu, an ice hockey player
Eicca Toppinen, a cellist on Apocalyptica
Ossi Väänänen an ice hockey player
The official Vantaa page , in Finnish, Swedish and English
Karstula is a municipality in Central Finland.
More than 4,900 people live in Karstula.
Karstula is located 100 kilometres from the city of Jyväskylä.
The municipality was founded in 1867.
The official Karstula page, in Finnish and English
1867 establishments in Finland
Dimmu Borgir is a black metal band created in 1993 in Norway.
Its name is Icelandic for a "dark castle".
The band's first recordings were in Norwegian, but today, most of the recordings are in English.
The newest studio album is "Abrahadabra" (2010).
The studio album In Sorte Diaboli (2007) entered the Norwegian album chart at No.
1 — the first time a black metal band has ever got to the No.
1 position on a national album chart anywhere in the world.
Dimmu Borgir's previous release, "Death Cult Armageddon", as well as Satyricon's "Now, Diabolical" previously reached No.
2 position on the Norwegian album chart.
A week after "In Sorte Diaboli" reached No.
1 on the Norweigan album charts, the album attained No.
43 on The Billboard 200, making them the first Norwegian band since the 80's pop group 'A-HA' to enter the U.S. Top 50.
"In Sorte Diaboli" features the London Philharmonic Orchestra.
Strangely, the album has been banned by the UK album charts for questionable reasons.
Shagrath (Stian Thoresen) - vocals
Galder (Thomas Rune Andersen) - guitar
Silenoz (Sven Atle Kopperud) - guitar
Nicholas Barker - percussion
Tjodalv - percussion
Nagash - bass
Astennu - guitar
Stian Arstad - keyboards
Brynjard Tristan - bass
ICS Vortex - bass
Mustis - keyboards
Hellhammer - percussion
Archon - guitar
Snowy Shaw - bass
Daray (Dariusz Brzozowski) - drums
Cyrus - keyboard
For All Tid (1994, 1997)
Stormblåst (1996, 2005)
Enthrone Darkness Triumphant (1997, 2002)
Spiritual Black Dimensions (1999)
Puritanical Euphoric Misanthropia (2001)
Alive in Torment (2002)
Death Cult Armageddon (2003)
Stormblåst MMV (2005)
In Sorte Diaboli (2007)
Abrahadabra (2010)
Eonian (2018)
Inn I Evighetens Mørke (1994)
Devil's Path (1996)
Godless Savage Garden (1998)
World Misanthropy (2002)
Interdimensional Summit (2018)
Live albums and other releases
Alive in Torment (2001)
The Invaluable Darkness (2008)
The official Dimmu Borgir page
Norwegian heavy metal bands
1990s establishments in Norway
Kuru (kingdom), a powerful Indian kingdom during the Vedic period and later a republic during the Mahajanapada period
Kuru Kingdom, a kingdom based on the historic Kuru kingdom in Indian epic literature
Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people.
Kuru (archaeology), Indian ethnic group and their kingdom
Kuru (mythology) is part of African mythology
Kuru (Hinduism), imputed ancestral king
Kuru, Finland, municipality
Kuruş, Turkish currency
Kuru, Turkish dried-bean dish kurufasulye
Kuru school, in Kuru, Nigeria
Kuru (band), British punk band during the late 1990s
KURU (movie), an indy movie in development by The Enemy
S/S Kuru, a Finnish lake steamer
kuru, Finnish word for a type of canyon
Interbreeding IX: Kuru, a various artists CD compilation
Kourou, a town in French Guiana
The band's original name was Tricky Beans.
After releasing three demo recordings it was changed into Tricky Means.
Afterwards the band adopted its current name.
Sonata Arctica's first music album was Ecliptica.
It was released on November 1999 in Finland and elsewhere in 2000.
30,000 copies were sold in Japan.
The newest studio recording is
Stone grow her name (2012).
Tony Kakko - vocals, keyboards
Janne Kivilahti - bass
Jani Liimatainen - guitar
Tommy Portimo - percussion
Tony Kakko - vocals
Henrik Klingenberg - keyboards
Marko Paasikoski - bass
Ecliptica (1999)
Silence (2001)
Winterheart's Guild (2003)
Reckoning Night (2004)
Unia (2007)
The Days of Grays (2009)
Stone grow her name (2012)
Pariah's child (2014)
The Ninth Hour (2016)
Talviyö (2019)
The End of This Chapter (2005 in Japan, 2006 in Europe)
The Collection  (2006)
Songs of Silence - Live in Tokyo (2002)
For the Sake of Revenge (2006)
Live in Finland (2011)
Mini Albums
Successor (2000)
Orientation (2001)
Takatalvi (2003)
Don't Say a Word (2004)
Unopened (1999)
Wolf and Raven (2001)
Last Drop Falls (2001)
Victoria's Secret (2003)
Broken (2003)
Shamandalie (2004)
Replica 2006 (2006)
Paid in Full (2007)
The Last Amazing Grays (2009)
Flag in the Ground (2009, promo)
I Have a Right (2012)
Shitload of Money (2012)
Alone in Heaven (2013)
The Wolves Die Young (2014)
Cloud Factory (2014)
Love (2014)
Kingdom for a Heart (2014)
Christmas Spirit (2015)
Closer to an Animal (2016)
Life (2016)
A Little Less Understanding (2019)
Cold (2019)
Demo recordings
Agree Pamppers (1996)
Friend till the End (1996)
PeaceMaker (1997)
Fullmoon (1999)
Wolf & Raven (Music Video, 2001)
Broken Live (Music Video, 2003)
Don't Say a Word (Music Video, 2004)
For the Sake of Revenge (DVD, 2006)
Paid in Full (Music Video, 2007)
The official Sonata Arctica page
Generally, carpets are used to make spaces more beautiful and to make walking on the floor quieter.
Carpets are warmer and softer than hard floors such as hardwood, tile, or concrete.
Carpets may be many different sizes.
Rugs and carpets originated in Central Asia, but the idea of machine manufacture was invented in Europe.
The oldest known carpet was found in the year of 1947 at excavations in Siberia.
So there are two different kinds of things: one is hand-made by traditional methods, and the other woven by machine.
This accounts for the very great difference in style and price between traditional rugs and modern wall-to-wall carpeting.
The name "carpet" comes from Old Italian carpita, "carpire" means to pluck.
The term "carpet" is used mostly to describe textiles placed on the floor most of the times stretched from wall to wall.
Rugs are smaller in size, often placed over a carpet, and often decorated.
In Islam, rugs are used as prayer mats, for people to kneel on when they pray.
It is common, especially in the Middle East, for rugs and carpets to be used as wall decoration, and they are designed with decoration in mind.
Mass-manufactured carpets in western countries are utilitarian: for hard use on the floor, and usually self-coloured (that is one color over the whole carpet).
Traditional rugs from the Middle East are hand-made and may be very expensive by the time they reach shops in the western world.
In some countries carpets are designed in a way to tell stories.
They can tell history of family or something important that happened.
In geometry, a digon  is a polygon with two sides (edges) and two vertices.
Its construction is degenerate in a Euclidean plane because either the two sides would coincide or one or both would have to be curved; however, it can be easily visualised in elliptic space.
A regular digon has both angles equal and both sides equal and is represented by Schläfli symbol {2}.
It may be constructed on a sphere as a pair of 180 degree arcs connecting antipodal points, when it forms a lune.
A truncated digon, t{2} is a square, {4}.
An alternated digon, h{2} is a monogon, {1}.
A great circle is the largest possible circle that can be drawn on a sphere, one that divides the surface into equal halves, called hemispheres.
It is a circle that has the same diameter as the sphere it was drawn on.
These curves are geodesics in the sphere and all have the same circumference, that is, the length around of the circle.
There are an infinite number of great circles that can be drawn on any perfect sphere.
The longitude lines on a globe all form great circles that pass through the same two points (the North Pole and the South Pole).
The Equator is another great circle.
Great Circles can be used to determine the shortest surface distance between two points on a sphere (or on the Earth).
John Dalton (6 September 1766–27 July 1844) was a British chemist and physicist.
He was born in Cumberland to a Quaker family.
He is best known for his discoveries in atomic theory.
He also made the first important studies of color blindness.
Dalton's Atomic theory is a scientific theory about atoms.
Dalton made the theory to explain why the elements would combine in certain ways The idea of atoms was already known at the time, but not widely accepted.
Dalton's theory of atoms was based on actual observation.
Before this, ideas about atoms were based more on philosophy.
Everything is made from atoms
Nothing can be simpler than an atom
Atoms can not be made or destroyed
Chemical reactions are made when atoms are moved around, put with other atoms or taken away from a group of other atoms
Atoms of the same element are the same, because they have the same atomic mass.
Atoms can only be joined in special ratios (see Law of definite composition)
Further readings
Claus Bernet: John Dalton (1766-1844), in: Biographisches-bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, 31, 2010, 309-332.
John Dalton -Citizendium
1766 births
Kauniainen () is a city in Uusimaa, Finland.
Kauniainen has an area 6.0 km² and is fully located within Espoo.
Kauniainen has the lowest local taxation rate in Finland (16,5 %).
A lot of rich people live there.
Kauniainen was officially founded in 1920.
It became a city in 1972.
There are about 8,550 people living in Kauniainen.
Most of them (57 %) speak Finnish as their first language.
39 % have Swedish as their mother tongue.
Kauniainen has very good bus and train connections.
There is a railway station.
Many buses drive through Kauniainen.
The official Kauniainen page, in Finnish, Swedish and English
Municipalities of Uusimaa
1920 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Finland
Nummi-Pusula is a former municipality in Finland.
It was formed in 1981 from the existing municipalities of Nummi and Pusula.
The municipality is in Uusimaa and in the province of Southern Finland.
On 1 January 2013, it became a part of Lohja.
Nummi-Pusula has an area of .
of it is water.
About 6,175 people lived there as of 31 December 2012.
The official Nummi-Pusula page , in Finnish, English, German and Estonian
20th-century establishments in Finland
A medicine man is a traditional Native American healer.
Healing was only part of their function.
Another part of their role was as guardian of their belief system, and their rituals.
A very similar role was played in many other mesolithic and neolithic societies, such as pre-modern Africa and New Guinea.
This person, man or woman, might help cure physical, mental, or spiritual health problems.
A term such as shaman or witch doctor reflects the supernatural element in such roles.
The basement is the lowest room in some buildings, almost always below the ground.
There is another type of basement, called a subcellar.
A subcellar is just like a basement, but more below it.
The first famous basements were made sometime in the 1950s.
After that, many other kinds of basements were built and made.
Later, most basements were used to have washing machines and other items in basements.
A landfill is a place where waste is kept.
Waste is usually buried in landfills, but it may first be sorted to remove any recyclable materials.
Once the waste is crushed into very small pieces, it is buried, but without oxygen, a dangerous gas called methane is created.
This process is called anaerobic digestion.
In some countries, the methane from landfills is used to generate energy.
Large landfills in the United States
Other large landfills
Smokey Mountain in Manila, Philippiness
For a wider discussion see sexual reproduction.
See also male reproductive system.
A reproductive system is the part of an organism that makes them able to sexually reproduce.
Humans and other animals use their reproductive systems to have sexual intercourse as well as reproduce.
The reproductive system is one of the human organ systems.
The illustrations here show only human reproductive systems.
Other mammals have similar reproductive systems.
The rectum is a part of the large intestine which forms a part of the gastrointestinal system.
The rectum ends in the anus which is the end of the gastrointestinal system.
It is where feces or stools are stored temporarily before coming out of the anus.
Body temperature can also be taken in the rectum.
Rectal temperature can be taken by inserting a medical thermometer not more than 25 mm (1 inch) into the rectum via the anus.
Normal rectal temperature generally ranges from 36 to 38 °C (97.6 to 100.4 °F) and is about 0.5 °C (1 °F) above oral (mouth) temperature and about 1 °C (2 °F) above axilla (armpit) temperature and 3 degrees warmer than vaginal temperatures.
The rectum was featured in film series, 'The Human Centipede,' a horror movie about the face of loss in a world of deep connection and interesting cuisine.
Within the film it is stated that, "Humans have a profound desire for other rectums."
Often this is due to the G-stop for men being located between the Anus and the testicles, giving men a desire to be anally penetrated in the rectum, this form of rectal pleasure first ever documented in the journal of Henry IV.
A county seat is the location of a county government, and is usually the largest, oldest, or most central town or city within a county.
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the name county town is used rather than county seat.
Pacific Islands are islands that are in the Pacific Ocean.
There are about 20,000 or 30,000 of them.
These islands are sometimes called Oceania.
The Pacific Islands are in three groups.
These groups are Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia.
People who live on these islands are called Pacific Islanders.
These islands can be made by volcanoes or made on coral reefs.
The islands made by volcanoes are bigger, and more people can live on them.
The islands made on coral reefs are smaller, and fewer people can live on them.
One of Oceania's biggest economic advantages are tourism.
As many vacationers come to see the wildlife and the beautiful beaches that span the islands.
Major countries and territories include Samoa, Hawaii (U.S), Federal States of Micronesia and French Polynesia.
Island countries in the Pacific Ocean, such as Malaysia, Philippines, East Timor, Japan, Taiwan and most of Indonesia are not considered Pacific Islands since they do not lie in any of the three Oceanic regions.
People inhabiting those islands, therefore are not Pacific Islanders.
The large intestine is also called the colon or large bowel.
It connects the small intestine to the rectum and anus.
It is about 1.5 meters long or 5 feet.
It is shorter than the small intestine, but its diameter is larger.
Joensuu is a city in Finland.
It is the centre of the region of North Karelia.
Joensuu has an area of 2.751,13 km² and a population of around 77,000 people.
369.3 km² of the area is water.
The Finnish capital, Helsinki is located 437 km away from Joensuu.
There is a university in Joensuu.
In 2009 the municipalities of Eno and Pyhäselkä were merged with Joensuu.
The official Joensuu page
Municipalities of North Karelia
Tuupovaara was a municipality in the North Karelia region of Finland.
It was merged with Joensuu on January 1 2005.
Before 1913 the place was known as Kovero.
Urine is a liquid created by the body in the kidneys.
It is stored in the bladder and comes out of the human body through the urethra, a tube which leads from the bladder to the urethral meatus (meatus is an opening in the body), at the tip of the penis (men) or the vulva (women).
Urinating is how the body gets rid of unwanted or unneeded substances in the blood.
Urine is the liquid that these substances are put in.
After the blood has circulated through the body, its composition has changed, because some substances in the blood have been absorbed by the body, and because the body has released other substances into the blood.
The blood has also absorbed substances produced from our food.
The liver removes many toxins (harmful substances) and adds other substances that the blood needs (amino acids, proteins, coagulation factors, hormones, etc.).
Then the kidneys remove excess amounts of urea, salts, etc.
by putting them into the urine.
After the blood has passed through the liver and the kidneys, it has the correct composition that the body needs.
Urine is mostly water, and contains mineral salts, and about 2% urea, which is produced in the liver to remove ammonia, which is a very toxic substance.
Urea has a very low toxicity, although a continuous high level of urea in the blood (a condition called hyperuremia) can cause disease.
The color of urine normally ranges from colourless to yellow.
The yellow color is caused by urobilins, which are produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin, the substance that gives blood its red color.
If a person is dehydrated, less urine will be produced (maybe less than one liter per day), and it will be more concentrated.
If a person drinks a lot of water, more urine will be produced (maybe as much as two liters per day) and it will be less concentrated.
Extra water
Extra electrolytes (salts)
Urea (mostly not needed by the body)
Toxins (poisons in the body)( Note that most toxins are removed in the bile of the liver, which transfers the toxins to the feces.
Many descriptions of urine say that some toxins are removed in urine, but do not say what toxins these are).
Rudolf "Rudi" Vrba (September 11, 1924 – March 27, 2006), was a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the University of British Columbia in Canada.
His birth name was Walter Rosenberg.
In April 1944, he escaped from the Auschwitz concentration camp.
After escaping, he passed information to the Allies who were fighting the Axis Powers during the Second World War.
He informed the authorities about the mass murder that was taking place at the camp.
Canadian academics
Canadian Jews
Czechoslovak people
Slovakian Jews
Joel Brand (25 April 1906 – 13 July 1964) was a Jew from Hungary.