the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
F7 = 2128 + 1 = 340282366920938463463374607431768211457 = 59649589127497217 × 5704689200685129054721
F8 = 2256 + 1 = 115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639937 = 1238926361552897 × 93461639715357977769163558199606896584051237541638188580280321
As of 2007, only the first 12 Fermat numbers have been completely factored. (
written as a product of prime numbers) These factorizations can be found at Prime Factors of Fermat Numbers.
If 2n + 1 is prime, and n > 0, it can be shown that n must be a power of two.
Every prime of the form 2n + 1 is a Fermat number, and such primes are called Fermat primes.
The only known Fermat primes are F0,...,F4.
Interesting things about Fermat numbers
No two Fermat numbers have common divisors.
Fermat numbers can be calculated recursively: To get the Nth number, multiply all Fermat numbers before it, and add two to the result.
What they are used for
Fermat's conjecture
Fermat, when he was studying these numbers, conjectured that all Fermat numbers were prime.
This was proven to be wrong by Leonhard Euler, who factorised  in 1732.
Sequence of Fermat numbers
Prime Glossary Page on Fermat Numbers
Generalized Fermat Prime search
History of Fermat Numbers
Unification of Mersenne and Fermat Numbers
Prime Factors of Fermat Numbers
Fermat Number at MathWorld
Distributed Search for Fermat Number Divisors
Blowup is a 1966 British drama movie set in London.
It was nominated for two Academy Award and won a Grand Prix award.
It is directed by Italian movie director Michelangelo Antonioni and written by Antonioni, Toni Guerra and Edward Bond.
It starred David Hemmings and Vanessa Redgrave.
Carlo Ponti produced the movie.
This was Antonioni's first English language movie.
1960s mystery movies
1966 drama movies
British mystery movies
Movies directed by Michelangelo Antonioni
Equivalently it is the combination of a rotation and an inversion in a point on the axis.
A simple example of an improper rotation in 3D (but not in 2D) is a coordinate inversion: x goes to −x, y to −y and z to −z.
Under this transformation, a and b go to −a and −b (by the definition of a vector), but p clearly does not change. (
It follows that any improper rotation multiplies p by −1 compared to the rotation's effect on a true vector.)
Inverse (program), a program for solving Inverse and Optimization problems
Inversion (music)
Inversion (prosody), the reversal of the order of a foot's elements
Inversion in postcolonial theory, a discursive strategy/gesture in cultural and subaltern studies
Invert, a bmx trick
Inverted pyramid, a way to arrange information in a news story
Inverted sugar syrup
Anastrophe, a literary device
Roller coaster inversions, which turn riders upside-down
Inversion (geometry), a particular type of conformal mapping
Inverse problem, in science and mathematics, fitting a model to known data
Inversion (geology), the relative uplift of a previously basinal area resulting from local shortening, in structural geology
Inversion (meteorology), air temperature increasing with height
Inversion (nuclear), The "island of inversion", a group of elements with abnormal nuclear shell structure
Chromosomal inversion, where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end
Nitrogen inversion, a chemical process in which a trigonal nitrogen-containing structure turns inside-out
Population inversion, in statistical mechanics, when a system exists in state with more members in an excited state than in lower energy states
Sexual inversion, in biology, the switching from one sex to the opposite among some animal species.
Sexual inversion (sexology), a term for reversal of gender roles, usually implying homosexuality, found primarily in older scientific literature
Inversion (linguistics), a term referring to a number of different distinct grammatical constructions found in the languages of the world.
Inverse multiplexer (or 'demultiplexer'), which breaks a single data stream into several streams with lower data rates
Inverter (electrical), which converts direct current to alternating current
Inverter (logic gate) (or 'NOT gate')
Priority inversion, in which a low-priority task holds a shared resource that a high-priority task needs
Antonym, word pairs that are opposite in meaning
Introversion and extroversion
Inverse-square law, something is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
Inverted river delta, the narrow end on the seafront, the wide end located farther inland
Obverse and reverse, in coins
Reverse perspective, in art, the farther the object, the larger it is drawn
Voice inversion, a method of scrambling communications
Endorphins are natural chemicals in the body that fight pain.
Endorphins are released when a person gets hurt, but also during exercise, laughter or sex.
In addition to blocking pain, endorphins can make people happy.
Endorphins resemble drugs like morphine, so when scientists first discovered these chemicals in the 1970s, they called them "endogenous morphine".
Since then, scientists have identified and named five different types of endorphins, all of which occur naturally in the body.
Endorphins can also be found in most animals.
Their name has two parts: endo- and -orphin; these are short forms of the words endogenous and morphine.
They mean "a morphine-like substance from within the body".
Endorphins are three compounds which bind to receptors.
The main function of endorphins is to inhibit the communication of pain signals.
They may also produce a feeling of euphoria very similar to that produced by other opioids.
Four types of endorphins are created in the human body.
They are named alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ) and sigma (σ) endorphins.
The four types have different numbers and types of amino acids in their molecules; they have between 16 and 31 amino acids in each molecule.
Beta-endorphins (β-endorphins) are the most powerful endorphins in the body.
They are usually in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
More endorphins are released in the pituitary gland during times of pain or stress.
Exercise increases the endorphin release too.
For the same reason, exercise results in a better mood.
Met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin are in the brain stem and spinal cord; they are the pain killers of the spinal cord.
Both of them have 16- 31 amino acids in their structure; the first four are similar, but the last one is different.
All of the endorphins bind to the opioid receptors in the brain.
Many of the analgesic (pain killer) drugs have a similar action in the brain.
The main difference between the natural endorphins and the analgesic drugs is that natural endorphins are cleared from the blood very quickly.
Endorphins are also involved in the release of sex hormones in the pituitary gland.
Also, scientists think that acupuncture results in the release of more endorphins.
Endorphins may have a role in obesity, diabetes and psychiatric diseases too.
Endorphin rush
The term 'endorphin rush' is sometimes used in normal speech to refer to a feeling of wellness caused by exercise, danger or stress.
However, it is not a medical term, and it is not proven that higher endorphin production after exercise really has a role in the wellness feeling.
Another term which is commonly used is 'runner's high'.
It refers to the feeling  being "high" (full of energy and wellness) after exercise.
It is commonly said that the "high" is a result of the release of bigger amounts of endorphins in the body during the exercise.
However, some scientists think this feeling is caused by the challenge, and is not related to endorphin release.
For example, in some studies a drug was given to people which blocked the effect of endorphins.
These people still felt the runner's high; it means this feeling is not caused by the release of endorphins in the blood.
Another study was performed in 2004, which showed this feeling is related to a different body chemical named "anandamide".
Anandamide is not an endorphine but is an endocannabinoid, similar to one of the chemicals in marijuana and chocolate.
Anecdotal account of a "runner's high"
The game has nine characters, called classes, and two teams that battle each other in many different ways, like Payload, which has one team pushing a cart along a track while the other team tries to stop them, and a twist on capture the flag where instead of a flag players must capture a briefcase with important papers.
The game is set in 1968, in an alternate history.
The game is also inspired from many famous Spy Movies and TV shows, taking elements from James Bond, The Man from U.N.C.L.E, and Get Smart.
The game was first released in October of 2007 in The Orange Box, a package with Half Life 2, Portal and Team Fortress 2.
It was later released separately for the Playstation 3, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac computers.
It became free to play on June 23, 2011.
Team Fortress 2 has nine classes.
The classes are split into groups of three, which are offense, defense and support.
Each class has its own strengths and weaknesses, causing the classes to rely on each other to win, promoting teamwork.
Also, each class can change their weapons to different ones that they find over time or make from scrap metal.
For example, the Soldier could change his normal rocket launcher into 'The Direct Hit.'
It shoots faster, stronger rockets at the cost of having a smaller explosion size.
In general, the different weapons are not upgrades, but rather 'side-grades.'
They are better at certain times, while worse at other times.
The offensive classes are the Scout, the Soldier, and the Pyro.
These classes have abilities that make them best suited for attacking the other team, but also easy to kill.
The Scout is a young man from Boston with an interest in baseball.
He is the fastest runner in the game, making him a good class to use in capture the flag, as he can run in, grab the enemy team's briefcase, and run out.
Also, he captures control points at twice the speed of any other class.
However, he also is tied for the lowest health of any class.
His default weapons include a scattergun, a pistol, and a baseball bat.
He is excellent at killing Medics and Demomen.
The Soldier is a middle-aged man from the American midwest.
His main weapon is a rocket launcher which he can use to blow up enemies, or, if fired at his own feet, can be used to make him jump very high.
This is called 'rocket jumping.'
Rocket jumping will hurt the Soldier, though, and if he is low on health, it could kill him.
Rocket jumping can also make the Soldier move forward very fast, sometimes even faster than the Scout.
Soldier also uses shotguns and shovels to attack.
The Soldier is a good offensive class but he cannot move very fast and is easy to hit.
The Soldier has a large amount of health, the second highest of all the classes.
The Pyro is a character wearing a full-body rubber suit and gas mask, so nobody knows their race, age, or gender.
They also speak in a muffled voice so nobody knows what they're really saying.
Pyro's main weapon is a flamethrower, used to set enemies on fire.
Once an enemy is set on fire, they will burn for several seconds, meaning they can die even if they have killed the Pyro that set them on fire.
This is called "Afterburn".
For backup, they have a shotgun and a fire axe.
The Pyro is good for checking for Spies using their flamethrower.
This is called "Spy-checking".
Pyros can help against Übercharged players by pushing them back with an "air blast" or "compression blast".
The air blast can also reflect projectiles, such as grenades or rockets, back at the enemy team, which will inflict bonus damage.
They are weak at long range.
The Pyro has a good amount of both health and speed.
The defensive classes are the Demoman, the Heavy Weapons Guy, and the Engineer.
The abilities of these classes make them best for defending things their team needs, such as control points, briefcases, and carts.
Demoman
The Demoman, short for Demolition Man, is a black Scotsman with an eyepatch.
His main weapons are a grenade launcher and sticky bombs.
Grenades will explode immediately if you hit a player before the grenade hits the ground, or a few seconds after being shot if they do not hit anything.
Sticky bombs can stick to walls and then be set off by the Demoman when an enemy gets close.
The Demoman can also replace his sticky launcher for a shield.
The shield lets the Demoman charge forward at high speeds, and do more damage with his close-ranged weapon.
His close-range weapon is a bottle of whiskey.
The Demoman is a very strong class.
His sticky bombs do great damage, and can be used to 'sticky jump' much like how a Soldier can rocket jump.
Also like the Soldier, the Demoman is good in most situations.
He is an easy target for Scouts, however.
Heavy Weapons Guy (Heavy)
The Heavy Weapons Guy, also known as the Heavy, is a middle-aged man from the Soviet Union who is built like a tank.
Because of his large size, he has the highest health of all the classes.
Also because of his size, he is the slowest runner.
His main weapon is a minigun which he named Sasha and treats like a person.
The minigun does by far the most damage at close range of any gun in the game, due to its high fire rate and damage.
It uses a lot of ammunition very quickly, so if he runs out, he can use his shotgun or his fists to punch enemies to death.
The Heavy is great at close range or in small, cramped places.
Spies and Snipers are useful for killing Heavies because they are capable of doing high damage instantly with backstabs (Spy) and headshots (Sniper).
At close range, the Heavy will usually win one-on-one fights unless he is surprised.
The Engineer is a middle-aged man from Bee Cave, Texas with 11 Ph.
D.s.
His main use is to make buildings.
His first building, the Sentry Gun, is a non-moving gun that targets enemies and shoots automatically.
It can be improved to have more health and firepower.
His next building is the Dispenser, which gives teammates nearby health and ammo.
Finally, he can also build teleporters, which can move his friends closer to the fight.
The Engineer also has a shotgun, pistol, and a wrench to defend himself.
His Sentries are great for stopping anything short of an Übercharged player.
The Engineer himself is weak, and poorly placed Sentries can be blown up by smart Soldiers and Demomen.
Spies also ruin the Engineer's day.
Finally, the supporting classes are the Medic, the Sniper, and the Spy.
Their abilities are there to help the team, so they do not typically engage in direct combat, but can if they must.
The Medic is an older man from Stuttgart, Germany.
His main duty is healing the other classes.
He has a machine called the Medigun which, when pointed at a teammate, slowly restores their health.
He can also 'overheal' players, which gives them more health than they can normally have.
This overheal slowly fades over time.
After healing for a few minutes, the Medic is able to use an Übercharge, which makes him and his heal target invincible for a few seconds.
For defense, the Medic has a bone saw and a gun that shoots syringes.
The Medic is a very powerful teammate, but is easy to kill at the same time.
Since he loses almost every direct fight, he usually stays with a teammate who he heals, called a 'Medic Buddy' or 'Pocket'.
This Pocket player's job is to keep the Medic safe.
The Pocket is usually a Heavy, Soldier, or Demoman due to their large health and firepower.
The Sniper is Australian.
His main weapon is a sniper rifle.
He often stays in one area away from the main battlefield and shoots enemies from a distance using careful aim.
He also has a sword and a sub-machine gun he can use in close combat.
The Sniper is very good at killing the enemy Medics, Heavies, and Engineers.
While using his sniper rifle, he can focus his aim to charge his shot, dealing more damage.
An uncharged shot to the head does 150 damage.
Only Pyros, Demomen, Soldiers, and Heavies can survive this without an overheal.
A fully charged shot to the head deals 450 damage, enough to kill even an overhealed Heavy.
The Spy is a French man.
His main asset is stealth.
He has a watch which makes him invisible for short periods of time, and a cigarette case with disguises in it.
He can disguise as any member of the other team to trick them into not hurting him.
This disguise also tricks Sentry Guns built by Engineers.
However, there are ways to find and kill spies, commonly called "spy-checks".
The Spy can also place 'sappers' on enemy buildings, hurting them and turning them off until an Engineer can remove the sapper.
For fighting, he has a revolver and a knife.
The knife allows the Spy to kill an enemy instantly if he stabs them in the back.
He is useful for killing Medics, Heavies, Engineers, and Snipers.
The Pyro is able to easily stop him, as even when he turns invisible or is disguised, players can still see the fire on him.
The Spy is considered a "pick class", meaning he is very dispensable but also very useful to get certain kills.
There are several different ways the game can be played, each with different goals for the two opposing teams.
For all games, players are split into the RED and BLU teams.
RED stands for Reliable Excavation and Demolition.
Players on this team have red uniforms.
Buildings owned by the RED team are also usually red and made of wood.
BLU stands for Builders League United.
Players on this team wear blue uniforms.
Buildings owned by the BLU team are usually blue and made of concrete.
The Payload game mode has the offensive team pushing a cart with a bomb on it along a track while the defending team tries to stop them.
If the offensive team cannot get the cart to the end of the track before the time limit runs out, they lose.
If they are successful, the defending team's base is blown up.
Along the track are Checkpoints.
Each Checkpoint the offensive team pushes the cart over will give them extra time to get the cart to the end of the track.
Payload Race
Valve later added a race mode to Payload maps, where both teams push a cart along a track to the other team's base.
The team that gets the cart to the other team's base first wins.
Control Point maps involve both teams attacking and defending the opposing team's Control Points.
A Control Point is a circle on the ground that glows the color of the team that has captured it.
Control Points are captured by standing on them for a certain length of time.
There are three kinds of Control Point maps.
Standard Control Points
Standard Control Point, or Linear Control Point, maps play symmetrically.
Both teams start with two controlled points, and a central point starts out neutral.
The team that captures all control points wins.
Traditional Control Point maps will go into Sudden Death (or Stalemate) if no team captures all the control points before times runs out.
Control points closer to a team's spawn point are captured more quickly by the enemy team.
Attack/Defend
Attack/Defend maps play asymmetrically.
RED begins with all the points in their control.
BLU wins if it captures all of RED's points, but RED wins if the timer runs out before BLU can capture them all.
Points may only be captured in a set order (though some maps, such as Gravel Pit and Steel, may make exceptions).
RED wins if it prevents BLU from capturing all points before the timer expires.
Points captured by BLU are typically locked and cannot be captured again by RED.
In Territorial Control, the goal is to take over the entire map by capturing "territories".
Each game is randomly selected from the six available layouts in a 'point against point' game where both teams must capture the opposite point while defending their own.
After a team successfully captures the opposite point, the next round takes place in a different area of the map which is also randomly selected.
After a team captures all four territories, that team must capture the enemy team's base.
If the base point is captured (in Hydro, the Radar Dish for RED, the Power Plant for BLU), the attacking team wins the game.
When the next round begins, territories are reset and a new random layout is selected.
The Territorial Control game mode is not very popular amongst players.
Domination Control Point
In Domination Control Point, maps play symmetrically.
Both teams start with no controlled points, and all points start out neutral.
Unlike Standard Control Point, once a team has all three points they win regardless of how much capture progress the other team has.
There is currently only one
In Capture the Flag mode, the map is split into two nearly identical bases; one for each team.
Both bases have a briefcase in them.
The goal is for one team to grab the other team's briefcase and bring it back to their own base, while defending their own briefcase.
You must capture the enemy intelligence 3 times in order to win the game, but server modifications can alter the number.
When a player carrying the briefcase is killed, the intelligence is on the ground and returns to its base after a 60 second time period.
The player who dropped the intelligence or his team can pick up the briefcase before it returns and still capture it.
If a player drops the intelligence by falling into a bottomless pit, it automatically returns to its base.
The briefcase can also be manually dropped.
In King of the Hill mode, two teams fight to gain control over one point which is in the center of the map.
When one team captures the point, they must defend it for three minutes to win.
During this time, the enemy team can attack and capture the point too.
This happens over and over again until one team successfully holds the point for three minutes in total.
It is not needed to hold the point for three minutes at one time.
In Arena mode, two teams fight to the death.
Once a team is completely wiped out, the other team wins.
There is no respawning in Arena mode.
Another way to win is to capture the control point that activates until one minute in the match.
Once this point is captured by a team, that team wins.
Medieval Mode
Medieval Mode is just like Attack/Defend except that there are no guns allowed in Medieval mode.
Players can use melee weapons and weapons that don't have firepower but cannot use guns, rocket launchers, flame throwers, stickybomb launchers, or grenade launchers.
So far, there is only one official Medieval Mode map, which is DeGroot Keep.
Special Delivery is a Game Mode released as part of the Pyromania Update.
In this game mode, an initially neutral briefcase of Australium must be transported to Poopy Joe's rocket before the opposing team can do the same.
If a player picks up the Australium and is killed while holding it, only players from the same team as the dead briefcase carrier can pick it up again.
If the team fails to do so within a few seconds, the briefcase is sent back to its original position.
The player who has hold of the Australium must be on the platform that is raised to the compartment at the head of the rocket and must stay on the platform as the Australium is placed into the compartment, launching the rocket and winning the round.
There is currently only one official Special Delivery map, and that is Doomsday.
Mann vs. Machine
In Mann vs. Machine (commonly abbreviated as MvM), a team of six players (all wearing RED uniforms) must stop hordes of robots divided into waves from deploying a portable bomb into their base.
When a robot is destroyed, it drops an in-game currency known as "credits."
Players can pick up these credits before they disappear and use them to buy upgrades for their weapons and themselves.
Some weapon upgrades include more damage, faster firing speed, more ammo, etc.
Some player upgrades include faster speed, higher jump height, health regeneration, etc.
There are different kinds of robots with different weapons and abilities.
Some robots are known as "Giants."
A giant normally has far better weapons and abilities than their normal counterparts.
Mann Up
There is a special type of MvM known as "Mann Up" mode.
In Mann Up mode, players complete "Tours" using "Tour of Duty Tickets" or "Squad Surplus Vouchers" they have bought from the online store, known as the Mann Co. Store.
Each "Operation" has a specific number of Tours in them.
Finish all the waves in a Tour and all the Tours to complete the Operation.
Different Tours are for different skill levels and have different robots.
Completing Tours and Operations will give the players "loot" or special in-game cosmetic items players use to customize their character.
In Mann Up mode, the gameplay (upgrades, maps, robots) are the same in standard MvM.
Promotional Videos
Valve Corporation posted several animations using their Source Film Maker (commonly abbreviated as SFM) program from 2009 to 2012.
Each one of these videos are short skits using humorous depictions of the 9 Team Fortress 2 classes in their real lives, and out in battle.
Some of these videos have been viewed many times with, "Meet The Medic", at 57 Million views.
And, "Meet The Spy", at 30 Million views, and more.
Development of Team Fortress 2
Origins and early development
The original Team Fortress was developed by Robin Walker and John Cook.
This early version of Team Fortress was a free mod for the 1996 PC game Quake.
In 1998, Walker and Cook were employed by Valve.
At the time, Valve just released its first game, Half-Life.
Valve began developing Team Fortress 2 as a separate retail game using one of Valve's own game engines, GoldSrc.
In 1999, Valve released Team Fortress Classic, a port of the original Team Fortress, as a free Half-Life mod.
Team Fortress Classic was developed using the publicly available Half-Life software development kit as an example to the community and industry of the flexibility of the Half-Life game.
Unlike the original Team Fortress, Valve originally planned Team Fortress 2 to have a modern war theme.
It would feature a command hierarchy including a Commander class, parachute drops over enemy territory, networked voice communication, and many other unique features.
The Commander class played similarly to a real-time strategy game, with the player viewing the game from a bird's-eye perspective and issuing orders to players and AI-controlled soldiers.
Team Fortress 2 was first shown at the trade event E3 1999.
At E3 1999, Valve had showcased new technologies that they had developed while making Team Fortress 2.
This included parametric animation, which blended animations for smoother, more lifelike movement.<ref name="ptf tf2 tech">{{cite web |url=http://www.planetfortress.com/tf2/gameinfo/technology.shtml |title=Team Fortress 2: Technology |publisher=PlanetFortress |access-date=April 5, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601173137/http://www.planetfortress.com/tf2/gameinfo/technology.shtml |archive-date=June 1, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref> The game also showcased Intel's multi-resolution mesh technology, which increased performance for the game by reducing detail of on-screen elements that are far away from the screen.
The game earned several awards including Best Online Game and Best Action Game.
In mid-2000, Valve announced that Team Fortress 2 had been delayed for a second time.
They stated that they delayed Team Fortress 2 because they were going to make Team Fortress 2 run on an engine they own, the Source engine.
After their official announcement of the delay of Team Fortress 2, Valve stopped releasing information about the game.
Later, the game entered six years of silent development.
Walker and Cook worked on various other Valve projects; Walker was project lead on Half-Life 2: Episode One and Cook became a Steam developer.
Team Fortress 2 became a prominent example of vaporware.
It was a long-anticipated game that had seen years of development, and was often mentioned alongside another much-delayed game, Duke Nukem Forever.
Walker later stated that Valve built "three to four" different versions of Team Fortress 2 before settling on their final design.
Shortly before the release of Half-Life 2 in 2004, Valve's marketing director Doug Lombardi confirmed that Team Fortress 2 was still in development.
Valve reintroduced Team Fortress 2 at the July 2006 EA Summer Showcase event with a much different visual design.
Instead of having realistic visual design like other Valve games, Team Fortress 2 features a cartoon-like visual style influenced by 20th-century commercial illustrations and the artwork of J. C. Leyendecker, Dean Cornwell, and Norman Rockwell, achieved through a visual technique called Gooch shading.
Team Fortress 2 was first launched with the Source engine's new dynamic lighting, shadowing and soft particle technologies, and gave the same visual enhancements to Half-Life 2: Episode Two, another one of their games.
Team Fortress 2 was the first game to use the Source engine's new Facial Animation 3 features.
Valve abandoned the realistic style when it became impossible to balance it with the unrealistic gameplay.
For example, it is not realistic to have opposing armies to construct heavily detailed bases directly next to each other.
The Commander class was abandoned because players would simply refuse to follow the player's orders.
Valve designed each character, team, and equipped weapon to be easy to identify, even at long range.
For example, the coloring draws attention to the chest area, bringing focus on the equipped weapon.
The voices for each of the classes were based on imagining what people from the 1960s would expect the classes to have sounded like, according to writer Chet Faliszek.
The map design has an "evil genius" theme.
In typical maps, there are colored enemy buildings on opposite sides of the two enemies.
Enemy buildings have a complex set of pathways that the player must go through to reach the objectives.
These buildings are often concealed within various other constructed objects in between.
Between each enemy side, maps are usually separated by a neutrally themed space.
The bases hide exaggerated super weapons such as laser cannons, nuclear warheads, and missile launch facilities, taking the role of objectives.
The maps are designed to have little visual clutter and have a theme, as well as have enough careful attention to effective visual design while still allowing enemies to be spotted more easily.
This is achieved by using "impressionist modeling".
The textures used in-game are based on photos that are filtered and improved by hand, making them look visually appealing and giving Team Fortress 2 its distinct look.
The bases are designed to let players immediately know where they are.
RED bases use warm colors (e.g. red), natural materials, and angular shapes (e.g. circles).
On the other hand, BLU bases use cool colors (e.g. blue), industrial materials, and orthogonal shapes (e.g. squares).
During the July 2006 Electronic Arts press conference, Valve revealed that Team Fortress 2 would arrive as the multiplayer component of The Orange Box.
In a conference trailer, the whimsical new visual style of Team Fortress 2 of all nine mercenary classes were shown.
Managing director of Valve Gabe Newell said that the company's goal was to create "the best looking and best-playing class-based multiplayer game".
On September 17, 2007, a beta release of the entire game was released to Steam.
On the same date, a the same beta release of the entire Team Fortress 2 game was made available for customers who had pre-purchased The Orange Box, as well as for customers who had activated their Black Box coupon.
The Black Box coupon was included with the ATI HD 2900XT Graphics cards.
The beta of Team Fortress 2 was also given to members of Valve's Cyber Café Program.
The beta continued until the game's final release.
The game was released on October 10, 2007, both as a standalone product via Steam and at retail stores as part of The Orange Box compilation pack.
Both the Steam version and the retail The Orange Box compilation packs were priced at each gaming platform's recommended retail price.
The Orange Box also contains Half-Life 2, Half-Life 2: Episode One, Half-Life 2: Episode Two, and Portal.
Valve offered The Orange Box'' at a ten percent discount for those who pre-purchased it on Steam before the October 10 release, as well as the opportunity to participate in the beta test.
Big Black was an American punk rock band.
The band formed in 1981 with Steve Albini playing all of the instruments and a drum machine for percussion.
Big Black's music was very loud and distorted.
Many Big Black songs have stories about violence in them.
Atomizer (1986)
Songs About Fucking (1987)
Sound of Impact (live, 1987)
Pigpile (live, 1992)
The Hammer Party (1986)
The Rich Man's Eight Track Tape (1987)
Lungs (1983)
Bulldozer (1984)
Racer-X (1984)
Headache (1987)
"Rema-Rema" (1985)
"Il Duce" (1985)
"Heartbeat" (1987)
"He's a Whore" / "The Model" (1987)
"In My House" (1992)
20th-century disestablishments in Illinois
Company of Heroes is a strategy video game where you control soldiers in order to win.
It is based on World War II.
The Game & Watch  was a series of small, hand-held video games  made by Gunpei Yokoi of Nintendo from 1980 to 1991.
The games were usually simplistic (For example, "Chef" required keeping food in the air).
It was the forerunner of the Game Boy (meaning it came before the Game Boy).
is the main character in Game & Watch that also appeared in Super Smash Bros. Melee and Super Smash Bros. Brawl.
Fecundity, coming from the word fecund, generally means the ability to reproduce.
In biology and demography, fecundity is the ability to reproduce of an organism or population, measured by the number of gametes (eggs), seed set or asexual propagules.
Fecundity is under both genetic and environmental control, and is the major measure of biological fitness.
Fecundation is another term for fertilisation.
Fecundity can increase or decrease in a population according to current conditions and certain regulating factors.
For instance, in times of hardship for a population such as a lack of food, juvenile and eventually adult fecundity may decrease.
In the philosophy of science, 'fecundity' refers to the ability of a scientific theory to open new lines of theoretical inquiry.
Here, the original meaning is extended by analogy.
Seán Thomas O'Kelly (; 25 August 1882 – 23 November 1966) was the second President of Ireland.
He served two terms from 1945 to 1959.
He was a member of Dáil Éireann from 1918 until his election as President.
During this time he had been Minister for Local Government (1932–1939) and Minister for Finance (1939–1945).
Ó Ceallaigh served as Vice-President of the Executive Council from 1932 until 1937 and was the first Tánaiste of Éire from 1937 until 1945.
Ó Ceallaigh was born in Dublin on Capel Street in the north inner-city Dublin.
He joined the National Library of Ireland in 1898 as a junior assistant.
The same year, he joined the Gaelic League, becoming a member of the governing body in 1910 and General Secretary in 1915.
In 1905 Ó Ceallaigh joined Sinn Féin.
Sinn Féin then wanted a dual-monarchy.
He was an honorary secretary of the party from 1908 until 1925.
In 1906 he was elected to Dublin Corporation, which was Dublin's city council.
He retained the seat until 1924.
Pádraig Pearse made Ó Ceallaigh  his helper when Pearse was getting ready for the Easter Rising.
After the Easter Rising in 1916, Ó Ceallaigh was put in jail, released, and put in jail again.
He escaped from jail in Fairfield in the UK, and came back to Ireland.
MP in the 1918 general election
O'Kelly was elected Sinn Féin MP for College Green in the 1918 British general election.
Along with other Sinn Féin MPs he refused to take his seat in the British House of Commons.
Instead they set up an Irish parliament, called Dáil Éireann, in Dublin.
Ó Ceallaigh wasCeann Comhairle(Chairman) of the First Dáil.
He was the Irish Republic's envoy to the post-World War One peace treaty negotiations at Versailles, but the other countries refused to allow him to speak, because they did not recognise the Irish Republic
Close to de Valera
When de Valera resigned as President of the Irish Republic on 6 January 1922, Ó Ceallaigh returned from Paristo try to persuade de Valera to return to the presidency.
A de Valera was furious and ordered Ó Ceallaigh to return to Paris.
During the Irish Civil War, O'Kelly was in jail until December 1923.
Afterwards he spent the next two years as a Sinn Féin envoy to the United States.
A founder of Fianna Fáil
In 1926 when de Valera left Sinn Féin to found his own republican party, Fianna Fáil, Ó Ceallaigh followed him, becoming one of the party's founding members.
In 1932, when de Valera, was appointed President of the Executive Council (prime minister) of the Irish Free State he made Ó Ceallaigh Minister for Local Government.
Ó Ceallaigh often tried to publicly humiliate the Governor-General of the Irish Free State, James McNeill.
Stunts such as withdrawing the Irish Army's band from playing at diplomatic functions which the Governor-General attended, or in one notorious case the sight of O'Kelly and Defence Minister Frank Aiken storming out of a diplomatic function at the French Legation when McNeill, the guest of honour, arrived, damaged Ó Ceallaigh's reputation and image, particularly when the campaign backfired.
Before resigning, McNeill published his letters to de Valera about this.
It made de Valera appear foolish, and made de Valera choose a new Governor-General.
To the surprise of many, Ó Ceallaigh's was not considered for the office.
Instead former Fianna Fáil TD, Domhnall Ua Buachalla from County Kildare, would be the last Governor-General.
Considered for President of Ireland in 1938
In 1938, many thought that de Valera wanted to make Ó Ceallaigh the Fianna Fáil choice to become President of Ireland, under the new Irish constitution, Bunreacht na hÉireann.
When Lord Mayor of Dublin, Alfie Byrne, said he wanted to be president there was an all party agreement to nominate Dubhghlas de hÍde, a Protestant Irish Senator, Irish language enthusiast and founder of the Conradh na Gaeilge.
They thought de hÍde was the only person who might win an election against Alfie Byrne.
Ó Ceallaigh was appointed Minister of Finance instead, and helped create Central Bank in 1942.
Ó Ceallaigh was re-elected unopposed in 1952.
During his second term he visited many nations in Europe and spoke to the United States Congress in 1959.
He retired at the end of his second term in 1959, to be replaced by his old friend, Éamon de Valera.
Ó Ceallaigh did not refer any Bills to the Supreme Court to see if they were legal, but he did ask  his official advisors, called the Council of State, if he should refer the Health Bill, 1947 but he decided not to.
Ó Ceallaigh's Roman Catholic Beliefs
Ó Ceallaigh's strong Roman Catholic beliefs sometimes caused problems.
de Valera often thought that Ó Ceallaigh either deliberately or accidentally leaked information to the Knights of Columbanus, and the Church leaders.
Ó Ceallaigh ensured that his first state visit, following the creation of the Republic of Ireland in 1949, was to the Vatican to meet Pope Pius XII.
Ó Ceallaigh accidentally  revealed the Pope's private views on communism.
This angered the Pope and Stalin.
This is why he was not given the papal Order of Christ which was given to many Catholic heads of state.
After he retired
When he retired as president in 1959, he was described as a model President by the normally hostile Irish Times newspaper.
Though controversial, Ó Ceallaigh was widely seen as a genuine and honest, but tactless.
He died on November 23, 1966 (aged 84), fifty years after the Easter Rising that first brought him to prominence.
He is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin.
In 1936 he married his second wife Phyllis, who was Mary Kate's sister.
Another sister was married to Fine Gael leader General Richard Mulcahy, and a brother was Fianna Fáil minister, James Ryan.
O'Kelly died in Dublin.
Hickey, D.J. and Doherty, J.E A Dictionary Of Irish History 1800-1980 Gill and Macmillian (1987)
Timons, M Seán T. O'Kelly, Roundwood and District Historical and Folklore Society, No 2(1989)
Biography on President of Ireland's Website
O'Kelly's memo to Pope Benedict, May 1920
A Teachta Dála, is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament.
Usually only the initials TD are used, after the person's name.
Léo Delibes (born St. Germain-du-Val, France, 21 February 1836; died St. Germain-du-Val 16 January 1891) was a French composer of Romantic music.
He is particularly famous for his ballets, especially Coppélia, and operettas and operas, of which Lakmé is the most famous.
Delibes’s father worked for the post office.
His mother was musical and played the piano.
Her father, the composer’s grandfather, had been a baritone in the Opéra-Comique and she had a brother who was an organist and professor at the Paris Conservatoire.
When Delibes’s father died in 1847 his family moved to Paris so that the young Léo, who was 11, could continue having a good musical education.
At first he found it difficult living in a large city as he was used to the countryside.
He was a student of the well-known composer and teacher Adolphe Adam.
At first he did well in his music lessons and won prizes, but after a few years he no longer won any prizes.
He never tried to win the Prix de Rome which is what all French students of composition normally want to do.
As a young boy he sang in choirs.
Later he became a church organist and an accompanist at the Théâtre-Lyrique.
Soon Delibes started to composer operettas.
He wrote 14 operettas in 14 years.
He was commissioned to write some music to celebrate the emperor’s return from Algiers.
The piece he wrote was called Alger.
The emperor gave him a gold medal, personally fastening a pin with diamonds to his lapel.
In 1864 he became chorus master at the Opéra where he coached the chorus to sing many famous operas.
Two years later he started to write ballets.
These became very successful and three years later he stopped writing operettas.
In 1870 his ballet Coppélia was produced.
By 1884 it had been performed 100 times.
Together with La Sylphide and Giselle it was one of the most popular of all ballets.
The story is about a man who makes a mechanical doll.
Another popular ballet he wrote was Sylvia.
His most successful opera was Lakmé which was first performed at the Opéra-Comique in 1883.
It gives great opportunity for the main soprano, especially in the song called the Bell Song.
Musicians usually think Lakmé is his greatest work.
Delibes started to compose at a time when ballet had become less popular in France than it had been earlier.
Around the time of the Revolution there had been lots of performances of ballet, but during the 19th century there was less interest with the exception of La Sylphide and Giselle.
Delibes was to change that.
He had a great gift for writing easy melodies.
At one time he thought he ought to compose like Wagner, using richer harmonies and leitmotifs, but fortunately he chose not to, following instead the style to which he was so well suited.
Coppélia is in the repertoire of all major ballet companies, and several of its tunes are familiar to people even if they do not know where they come from.
The Flower duet from Lakmé became particularly well known in recent years through an advert for British Airways.
Rugrats is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó, and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon.
The show focuses on a group of toddlers most prominently—Tommy, Chuckie, twins Phil and Lil, and Angelica—and their day-to-day lives, usually involving life experiences that become much greater adventures in the imaginations of the main characters.
The series premiered on August 11, 1991, as the second Nicktoon—after Doug and before The Ren & Stimpy Show.
Production was initially halted in 1993 after 65 episodes spanning three seasons, with the last episode airing on May 22, 1994.
From 1995 to 1996, the only new episodes broadcast were "A Rugrats Passover" and "A Rugrats Chanukah", two Jewish-themed episodes that received critical acclaim; during this time, after the end of the show's production run, Rugrats began to receive a boost in ratings and popularity due to constant reruns on Nickelodeon.
In 1996, Klasky Csupo Animation began producing new episodes, and the show's fourth season began in 1997.
As a result of the show's popularity, a series of theatrical films were released over the next five years: The Rugrats Movie, which introduced Tommy's younger brother Dil Pickles, was released in 1998; Rugrats in Paris: The Movie, which introduced Kimi, Kira, and Fifi, was released in 2000; and Rugrats Go Wild, a crossover film with another Klasky Csupo series, The Wild Thornberrys, was released in 2003.
The final TV episode aired on August 1, 2004, bringing the series to a total of 172 episodes over nine seasons.
The 13-year run (with the 2-year break) ties Rugrats with King of the Hill as one of the eighth-longest-running American animated television series.
The show is Nickelodeon's third longest-running animated series, behind SpongeBob SquarePants and The Fairly OddParents.
It is one of the longest running animated series of all time.
On July 21, 2001, Nickelodeon broadcast the made-for-TV special "All Growed Up" to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series premiere.
The special was a pilot for the Rugrats sequel series All Grown Up!,
which aired from 2003 to 2008 as it chronicles the lives of the babies and their parents after they age 10 years.
A spin-off series, Rugrats Pre-School Daze, aired on TV in 2008 but had only four episodes after Nickelodeon decided to focus on the sequel series.
Two direct-to-video specials were released in 2005 and 2006 under the title Rugrats: Tales from the Crib.
Tie-in media for the series include video games, comics, toys, and various other merchandise.
Rugrats gained over 20 awards during its 13-year run, including four Daytime Emmy Awards, six Kids' Choice Awards, and its own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
The series became a hit, garnering high ratings, and anchored Nickelodeon as the network's top-rated show from 1995 to 2001.
It was Nickelodeon's longest-running cartoon, until SpongeBob SquarePants aired its 173rd episode in 2012.
A reboot of the series executive produced by the original creative team of Klasky, Csupó and Germain premiered on Paramount+ on May 27, 2021.
The series focuses on the experiences of a courageous, adventurous one-year-old baby named Tommy Pickles and his group of playmates – several other infants and toddlers, some of whom debuted later in the series.
Chuckie, Tommy's bespectacled, red-headed, insecure, cowardly two-year-old best friend; the twins Phil and Lil, noted for their revolting eccentricities and love of digging for and eating insects and earthworms; Tommy's baby brother Dil (who was born in The Rugrats Movie); Angelica, Tommy and Dil's outrageously spoiled and selfish three-year-old cousin who is a "rival" of his friends and the main antagonist of the program; Kimi, Chuckie's adventurous, playful stepsister (introduced in Rugrats in Paris) (later just his sister after adoption); and Susie, a good-hearted neighbor of the Pickles family, Angelica's schoolmate, friend, and "rival," who is better liked by the younger children and far more reliable than Angelica.
The other characters depicted in Rugrats include the babies' parents, who are portrayed as often being easily distracted, leaving their young children free to emancipate themselves from such restraints as playpens or strollers and venture out to explore.
Such adult figures include Didi and Stu Pickles, Tommy and Dil's mother and father.
Didi is a sweet, educated and loving mother who decides to return to college in one episode.
Stu is an often-feckless toy inventor whose designs have been known to either fail or break.
Other parents include Chas Finster, Chuckie's stereotypically nerdy and mild-mannered father, a widower who later remarries; Kira, Chuckie's sweet-natured, kind and understanding stepmother (later just his mother after adoption) whom Chas marries in Rugrats in Paris; Drew Pickles, Angelica's indulgent and doting father who pampers his daughter to a ridiculous degree; Charlotte Pickles, Angelica's workaholic mother who overindulges her daughter equally if often seen talking on her cell phone with an employee of hers named Jonathan, although neither of them afraid to put their foot down when they feel she is getting out of line; Betty DeVille, Phil and Lil's kind but boisterous feminist mother; and Howard DeVille, the twins' mild-mannered and soft-spoken father.