the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The reaction was stopped by adding barium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, and evaporated to remove impurities.
When Miller analysed the solution, he found a lot of amino acids; one of the building blocks of life.
Recent related studies
Moreover, some evidence suggests that Earth's original atmosphere might have had a different composition than the gas used in the Miller–Urey experiment.
There is abundant evidence of major volcanic eruptions 4 billion years ago, which would have released carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere.
Experiments using these gases in addition to the ones in the original Miller–Urey experiment have produced more diverse molecules.
Note that organic compounds, including amino acids, are present in the meteorite dust which rains down on Earth.
Therefore, interest in abiogenesis and the origin of life has shifted to the question of how cells and large macromolecules formed.
Anthony Lewis Amonte (born August 2, 1970) is an American retired professional ice hockey right winger.
He played a career total of 1174 regular season games and 99 playoff games in the National Hockey League (NHL).
He played for the New York Rangers, Chicago Blackhawks, Phoenix Coyotes, Philadelphia Flyers, and the Calgary Flames.
He currently works as the head coach of Thayer Academy Varsity Hockey Team.
Before playing in the NHL, Amonte played 2 years of college hockey with the Boston University Terriers.
He was drafted with the 68th overall pick by the New York Rangers in the 1988 NHL Draft.
Amonte played in the NHL for five teams, New York Rangers from 1991 to 1994, Chicago Blackhawks from 1994 to 2002, Phoenix Coyotes from 2002 to 2003, Philadelphia Flyers from 2003 to 2004 and the Calgary Flames from 2005 to 2007.
He was named to the Hockey East Second All-Star Team in 1991.
He was named to the NCAA Championship All-Tournament Team in 1991.
He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team in 1992.
He played in 5 NHL All-Star Games in 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001.
Kristján Eldjárn (December 6, 1916 – September 14, 1982) was the 3rd president of Iceland.
He was president from 1968 to 1980.
Henry Archibald Hertzberg Lawson (17 June 1867 – 2 September 1922) was an Australian writer and poet.
Along with Banjo Paterson, he is remembered as one of the best Australian writers.
He wrote about life in the Australian bush.
Lawson was an nationalist and republican, and he wanted Australia to become and independent nation.
Lawson wrote many stories and articles for The Bulletin.
He used the Australian language in his stories.
From the 1890s he suffered from alcoholism and mental illness which meant he did not write as much in his later years.
He never had much money, and spent time in Darlinghurst Gaol and psychiatric institutions.
After he died in 1922 following a cerebral haemorrhage, Lawson became the first Australian writer to be granted a state funeral.
Posthumous collections
A Camp-Fire Yarn: Henry Lawson Complete Works 1885-1900 (1984)
A Fantasy of Man: Henry Lawson Complete Works 1901-1922 (1984)
The Penguin Henry Lawson Short Stories (1986)
The Songs of Henry Lawson (1989)
The Roaring Days (1994) (aka The Henry Lawson Collection Vol.
On the Wallaby Track (1994) (aka The Henry Lawson Collection Vol.
Popular poems, short stories and sketches
"A Child in the Dark, and a Foreign Father" (short story, 1902)
"A Neglected History" (essay)
"Andy's Gone with Cattle" (poem)
"Australian Loyalty" (essay, 1887)
"Freedom on the Wallaby" (poem, 1891)
"Saint Peter" (poem, 1893)
"Scots of the Riverina" (poem, 1917)
"Steelman's Pupil" (short story)
"The Babies of Walloon (poem, 1891)
"The Bush Undertaker" (short story, 1892)
"The City Bushman" (poem, 1892)
"The Drover's Wife" (short story, 1892)
"The Geological Spieler" (short story, 1896)
"The Iron-Bark Chip" (short story, 1900)
"The Loaded Dog" (short story, 1901)
"The Teams" (poem, 1896)
"The Union Buries Its Dead" (short story, 1893)
"Triangles of Life, and other stories" (short stories, 1916)
"United Division" (essay, 1888)
"Up The Country" (poem, 1892)
"Brighten's Sister-in-law"
"A Double Buggy at Lahey Creek"
"Water Them Geraniums"
"Joe Wilson's Courtship"
Jack Mitchell
"Mitchell: A Character Sketch"
"On The Edge Of A Plain"
"'Some Day'"
"Shooting The Moon"
"Our Pipes"
"Bill, the Ventriloquial Rooster"
"Enter Mitchell"
"Mitchell Doesn't Believe in the Sack"
"Another of Mitchell's Plans"
Steelman and Smith
"The Geological Spieler"
"Steelman's Pupil"
"An Oversight of Steelman’s"
"How Steelman told his Story"
"A Gentleman Sharper and Steelman Sharper"
Dave Regan, Jim Bently and/or Andy Page
"The Loaded Dog"
"The Iron-Bark Chip"
"Andy Page's Rival"
"The Mystery of Dave Regan"
"Poisonous Jimmy Gets Left"
Bulletin Debate
Lawson, Henry (1867-1922) National Library of Australia, Trove, People and Organisation record for Henry Lawson
Works by Henry Lawson at Project Gutenberg Australia
Poetry Archive: 125 poems of Henry Lawson
Henry Lawson and Louisa Lawson Online Chronology
Henry Lawson - Essays, Short Stories and Verse Collections
The Songs of Henry Lawson Compiled by Chris Kempster - Second enlarged Edition March 2008
The Drover’s Wife  at jbrowley.com
Dame Nellie Melba GBE (born Helen Porter Mitchell; 19 May 186123 February 1931), was an Australian opera soprano.
She became one of the most famous singers of the late Victorian Era and the early 20th century.
Melba was the first Australian to become a world famous classical musician.
Melba was born in Richmond, Victoria.
Her father was Scottish.
She died of septicemia in Sydney.
Skeeter Davis at CMT.com
John Barry Humphries  (born 17 February 1934) is an Australian actor, artist, author, comedian, and satirist.
His is probably best known for making up and playing the characters of Dame Edna Everage, a Melbourne housewife and "gigastar", and Sir Les Patterson, who is an really rude "Australian diplomat".
He is also a movie producer and script writer, a star of London's West End musical theatre, an award-winning writer and a landscape painter.
He has been on TV, in movie and on stage.
He became popular in Australia in the 1950s, then Britain from the 1960s and finally in America in the 1990s.
He has been called the most important comedian since Charlie Chaplin.
Writers from Victoria (Australia)
Australian country music is a part of the music of Australia.
It comes from American country music, as well as British and Irish folk music and the work of traditional Australian poets like Banjo Paterson and Henry Lawson.
Australian country music often uses guitars, banjos, fiddles and harmonicas and has songs about things like: outback life, stockmen, truckers and outlaws, romance, political protest and the "beauty and the terror" of the Australian bush.
Famous musicians include: Slim Dusty, Joy McKean, Olivia Newton-John, John Williamson, Keith Urban, Lee Kernaghan and Kasey Chambers.
Others singers influenced by it include Nick Cave and Paul Kelly.
Popular songs include Waltzing Matilda (1895), Pub With No Beer (1957), Lights on the Hill (1973),  I Honestly Love You (1974), True Blue (1981), and Not Pretty Enough (2002).
Musicians and music groups
Paul Costa
8 Ball Aitken
Johnny Ashcroft
Sherrie Austin
James Blundell
Adam Brand
Catherine Britt
Kev Carmody
Troy Cassar-Daley
Kasey Chambers
Graeme Connors
Tracy Coster
Smoky Dawson
Shea Fisher
Steve Forde
Wayne Horsburgh
Gina Jeffries
Gay Kayler
Anne Kirkpatrick
The Legarde Twins
Reg Lindsay
Jimmy Little
Joy McKean
Chad Morgan
Shane Nicholson
Jamie O'Neal
Jasmine Rae
Mary Schneider
Sara Storer
Barry Thornton ( Guitarist - Slim Dusty)
Carter & Carter
The Donovans
The McClymonts
The Robertson Brothers
The Sunny Cowgirls
Women in Docs
Karma County
Redgum
Country Music Association of Australia
Vintage Country Music
Country Music Channel Australia
REAL Country - Australian country music interviews
Get Closer is the sixth studio album by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban.
It was released on November 16, 2010.
The album peaked at #7 on the Billboard 200 and peaked #2 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums.
The song "Put You in a Song" peaked at #2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs.
Singles from Get Closer
2010 - "Put You in a Song"
2011 - "Without You"
2011 - "Long Hot Summer"
2011 - "You Gonna Fly"
Maria Teresa of Savoy (31 January 1756 – 2 June 1805) was a Princess of Savoy and the wife of Charles Charles, Count of Artois future Charles X of France.
In France she was known as  Marie Thérèse de Savoie.
Born at the Royal Palace of Turin, she was the child of Victor Amandeus of Savoy and his wife Maria Antonia of Spain and was baptised with the names Maria Teresa.
At the time of her birth her grandfather, Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, was the King of Sardinia and her father was the heir to the throne.
Maria Teresa was engaged to Charles Philippe of France, youngest grandson of Louis XV.
Her marriage with Charles Philippe, known as the Count of Artois, was the last of three marriages which were carried out between 1771 and 1775.
These marriages were between her oldest brother and sister and the younger grandsons of Louis XV and his older granddaughter Marie Clotilde of France.
She was married officially at the Palace of Versailles on 16 November 1773.
The most important female at court was her sister-in-law, Marie Antoinette.
Maria Teresa's sister, Marie Joséphine had a higher rank than Maria Teresa as she had married the older brother, the Count of Provence.
The two sisters did not have good relations with Marie Antoinette.
Despite this, Maria Teresa was more popular than her sister Marie Joséphine who was very ugly.
Despite this it was said that she was silent and was interested in absolutely nothing.
The marriage produced four children, two of which survived infancy.
She fled France with her husband shortly after the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 which marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
Some time after, she took refuge in her homeland of Savoy under the protection of her father who had become king in 1773.
Moving to Austria, she died in exile at Graz in 1805.
She was buried in the Imperial Mausoleum next to Graz cathedral.
Her husband became Charles X of France in 1824.
Louis Antoine d'Artois (6 August 1775 - 3 June 1844) married Marie Thérèse of France no issue.
Sophie d'Artois (5 August 1776 – 5 December 1783) died young.
Charles Ferdinand d'Artois (24 January 1778 – 14 February 1820) married Carolina of Naples and Sicily and had issue.
Marie Thérèse d'Artois (6 January 1783 -  22 June 1783) died young.
31 January 1756 – 16 November 1773 Her Royal Highness Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy
16 November 1773 – 2 June 1805 Her Royal Highness The Countess of Artois (Madame la Comtesse d'Artois)
Ensifera is a suborder of the order Orthoptera.
It includes the insects commonly known as crickets, katydids and bush crickets. "
Ensifer" means "sword bearer" in Latin, and refers to the long and blade-like ovipositor of the females.
Superfamily Grylloidea
Gryllidae - true crickets
Gryllotalpidae - mole crickets
Mogoplistidae
Myrmecophilidae - ant crickets
Superfamily Hagloidea
Prophalangopsidae
Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea
Rhaphidophoridae - camel crickets, cave crickets, cave wetas
Superfamily Schizodactyloidea
Schizodactylidae - dune crickets
Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea
Anostostomatidae - wetas, king crickets
Cooloolidae
Gryllacrididae - leaf-rolling crickets
Stenopelmatidae - Jerusalem crickets
Superfamily Tettigonioidea
Tettigoniidae - katydids or bush crickets, the long-horned grasshoppers
Tetrigidae is a family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids.
Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called grouse locusts, pygmy locusts, groundhoppers or pygmy grasshoppers.
There are roughly 1,600 species in about 250 genera altogether.
Born This Way is the second full-length studio album by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga.
The album was released on May 23, 2011.
It was released under Streamline, and Kon Live Records.
The album was produced by DJ White Shadow and RedOne.
The album's lead single "Born This Way" was released on Friday, February 11, 2011, and became Gaga's third US number-one single.
Born This Way became Gaga's first number-one album on the Billboard 200 after it debuted at the top of the chart, selling over one million copies in the US in its first week.
Note: Standard edition of the album does not include tracks 9, 11, or 15, or the bonus disc with five remixes.
"Born This Way" was released on Friday, February 11, 2011.
It premiered on KISS-FM's AT40 on that same day.
It entered at #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100 on the first week of its release.
It reached number 3 in the UK and topped Australian charts.
Lady Gaga sang a brief, scratched live sneak peek of the chorus at the 2010 Video Music Awards on MTV in early September 2010.
"Judas" was the second single that reached #10 in the US and #8 in Canada.
"Hair" was the first promotional single and reached #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #11 on the Canadian Hot 100.
"The Edge of Glory" was a promotional single at first but became the third single.
It reached #3 in the US and Canada, #2 in Australia, and #6 in the UK.
"You and I" was the fourth single, and it reached #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #10 in Canada.
"Marry the Night" was the fifth single and peaked at #29 in the US, #16 in the UK, and #11 in Canada.
Electro albums
"Born This Way" is a single by American pop singer Lady Gaga.
It was released on February 11, 2011.
The song premiered on KIIS-FM's American Top 40 with Ryan Seacrest on February 11th.
The single  was produced by Mexican music producer Fernando Garibay as well as DJ White Shadow and Gaga herself.
The song is the lead single for Gaga's 2nd studio album Born This Way which was released on May 23, 2011.
The single's music video was filmed on January 22, 2011.
Gaga performed the song live at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards on February 13, 2011, two days after the song's release.
While accepting the Video of the Year award (for "Bad Romance") at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga, after tearfully announcing her forthcoming album's title, sang a few lines from the song: "I'm beautiful in my way, 'cause God makes no mistakes; I'm on the right track, baby, I was born this way."
Given as a Christmas "gift" to her fans at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Day 2011, she announced (via Twitter) that May 23, 2011 and February 13, 2011 would see the release of Born This Way and this song respectively.
The song, however, was released on February 11, two days prior to its original release, after revealing this on her Twitter page on February 7.
Prior to its release in late January, Gaga (via Twitter) released the full set of lyrics to "Born This Way" onto the Internet.
On February 16, 2011, Billboard announced that "Born This Way" entered at the number-one position of the Billboard Hot 100.
The song became the 1000th number-one single in the chart's history and the nineteenth song to debut at number one.
The song also reached number one in Australia and Canada and reached the top three in the United Kingdom.
2011 songs
"Bad Romance" is a song by American recording artist Lady Gaga.
It was released as the lead single from her third extended play (EP), and second major release The Fame Monster on October 26, 2009.
Gaga has said that the song is about being in love with a best friend.
There are some lines sung in French in the song.
The song reached #1 in many countries including Canada, the UK, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, while reaching #2 in the US and Australia.
It was certified Diamond in America and has sold over 5.5 million downloads in that country.
"Bad Romance" won Gaga the 2011 Grammy Awards for Best Pop Vocal Performance and for Best Short Form Music Video.
The video for the song starts off with Gaga and her dancers in a bathhouse, getting out of beds shaped like caskets.
It features Gaga being auctioned off while in a white, open room.
The end of the video shows her in bed, smoking, with a skeleton by her side.
On December 31, 2018, the music video for the song became Gaga's first to reach one billion views.
It is the first music video from the 2000s decade to achieve this milestone.
It is Gaga's most-watched music video.
Pastor Rafael Maldonado Motta (born March 9, 1985 in Maracay) is a Venezuelan racing driver.
His career so far has been in single-seater Formula racing.
He is the 2010 GP2 Champion, and a former champion of Italian Formula Renault.
He is currently a driver for the Williams Formula One team.
His first F1 race was the  Australian Grand Prix.
Maldonado started formula racing in Italy in 2003.
He competed in the Italian Formula Renault Championship.
He had three podium finishes and one pole position.
In 2004, Maldonado ran in both the Italian and European Formula Renault series.
He won the Italian championship He had eight wins and six pole positions.
In the European championship, he finished in eighth position, with two wins.
Maldonado also entered one round of the Formula Renault V6 Eurocup at Spa-Francorchamps.
In 2005, Maldonado made four starts in the Italian F3000 Championship.
He won one race and finish in ninth place.
He also entered nine races (and made seven starts) in the Spanish-based World Series by Renault (WSR).
Maldonado only started seven of the races, and his best finish was seventh place.
Maldonado received a four-race ban in the WSR for dangerous driving.
He did not slow down at the scene of an accident at Monaco.
There were warning flags displayed.
He hit and seriously injured a marshal.
Maldonado received a full-time drive in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series with Draco Racing in 2006.
He was finished in third place.
He won three race and finished on the podium six other times.
Maldonado had five pole positions.
Maldonado signed a contract to drive in GP2 for Trident Racing in 2007.
He first win came in his fourth race in the series at Monaco.
He missed the final four rounds of the season after breaking a collarbone during training.
He finished the season outside the top 10.
He has moved to the Piquet Sports team for the 2008 season.
He finished in fifth place in the drivers' championship.
Maldonado signed to drive for the ART Grand Prix team for the 2009 season.
As part of the deal, he also joined the team for three rounds of the 2008–09 GP2 Asia Series season.
He finished sixth overall, helping ART to the teams title.
Maldonado drove for the Rapax Team in the 2010 season.
He won the Championship that year.
In November 2004, Maldonado was given a test with the Minardi Formula One team.
Maldonado was considered for the Campos Meta team (now Hispania Racing) in .
Karun Chandhok got the drive with HRT.
After Williams said that Nico Hülkenberg had been dropped from the team's 2011 line-up, Maldonado was announced as his replacement on December 1.
Maldonado also brings sponsorship from the Venezuelan government to Williams.
This is through the state-owned PDVSA oil company.
Maldonado has strong feelings about politics and talks about them openly.
This is not very common in the racing world.
He says he is a socialist and a friend of Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez.
Pastor Maldonado in Twitter
Chapel Hill is a tasty pie in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
It has about 50,000 people.
It is in an area called The Triangle, because it is next to Raleigh and Durham.
Chapel Hill is in southeastern Orange County.
It is southwest of Durham and northwest of Raleigh.
Interstate 40 goes north and east of Chapel Hill, while highways 15-501 and 54 go through it.
🥧
Chapel Hill got its name from a chapel on a hill, that was around in the 1700s.
In 1792, The University of North Carolina (UNC) was started, which helped Chapel Hill grow.
But it was a small town until the 1950s, when it started growing faster, like the rest of The Triangle.
By 1970, it had 25,000 people.
Since then, Chapel Hill has been somewhat rich.
The town was the place where the 2015 Chapel Hill shooting happened, which some newspapers described as Islamophobic.
Pedobear is an internet meme that gained popularity on 4chan.
Pedobear is usually posted as a way to mock users requesting or posting sexualized images of children on 4chan.
On July 3, 2009, Michael R. Barrick, a Canadian artist had created two pictures showing Pedobear together with the mascots of 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Gazeta Olsztyńska, a Polish newspaper mistakenly used one of the pictures for a February 4, 2010 front page story about the Olympics in Vancouver.
Pedobear at KnowYourMeme.com
Lady A (formerly known as Lady Antebellum ) are a country musical group formed in Nashville, Tennessee.
The group consist of Dave Haywood, Hillary Scott and Charles Kelsey.
They have had multiple hit songs and won several awards for their singing.
Lady A's Official website
Victoria Principal (born January 3, 1950) is an American actress and businessperson.
She was born in Japan, where her father was stationed in the U.S. forces.
In 1970, Principal moved to Hollywood.
She won her first film role as Marie Elena, a Mexican mistress, in John Huston's The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972) (opposite Paul Newman).
She got a Golden Globe nomination as Most Promising Newcomer for this role.
She starred in many movies and TV programs.
Her most notable acting was playing Pamela Barnes Ewing in the nighttime television series Dallas.
She spent nine years on the long-running series, leaving in 1987.
Winton is a small town nine kilometres north east of Benalla, Victoria.
About 2,800 people live in the town and the other small towns in the area.
It is home to the Winton Motor Raceway, a three kilometre motor racing track.
Winton was first settled in 1853, and the town was surveyed in 1857.
The Hume Highway from Melbourne to Sydney passed through the town, but the Hume Freeway bypassed Winton in 1987.
Grevillea is a genus of about 360 species of evergreen flowering plants in the protea family Proteaceae.
It comes from Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Sulawesi.
It was named after Charles Francis Greville.
The species are quite different from each other, from low growing shrubs less than 0.5 m tall to trees 35 m tall.
Common names include Grevillea, Spider Flower, Silky-oak and Toothbrush.
Grevilleas are closely related to the genus Hakea, the genus gives its name to the subfamily Grevilleoideae.
Many species of grevilleas are popular garden plants, especially in Australia but also in other temperate and subtropical climates.
Many grevilleas interbreed freely, and some specially picked hybrids have been grown for sale.
Among the best known are Grevillea 'Robyn Gordon', a small shrub up to 1.5 metres high and wide which can flower 12 months of the year in subtropical climates.
Western European Time (WET, UTC±00:00) is a time zone covering parts of western Europe, with countries using UTC±00:00 (also known as Greenwich Mean Time, called GMT).
It is one of the three standard time zones in the European Union, with Central European Time and Eastern European Time.
Agnès Sorel (1421 – 9 February 1450), was a favourite mistress of King Charles VII of France.
Charles VII was the father of her three daughters.
She was the subject of several contemporary paintings and works of art, including Jean Fouquet's Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels.
Life in the royal court
Sorel was twenty years old when she was first introduced to King Charles.
She was a very beautiful young woman, and was also of above-average intelligence.
The French king  immediately fell in love, and she soon became his mistress.
The King gave her the Château de Loches (where he had been persuaded by Joan of Arc to be crowned King of France) as her private residence.
Sorel's presence was alleged to have brought the king out of a protracted depression.
She had a very strong influence on the king, and that, in addition to her extravagant tastes, earned her a number of powerful enemies at court.
Suspicious death
Agnès gave birth to three daughters fathered by the King: Marie de France, Charlotte de France, and Jeanne de France.
While pregnant with their fourth child, she journeyed from Chinon in deep midwinter to join Charles on the campaign of 1450 in Jumièges, wanting to be with him as moral support.
There, she suddenly became ill and died at the age of 28.
While the cause of death was originally thought to be dysentery.
In 2005 French forensic scientist Philippe Charlier examined her remains and found that the cause of death was mercury poisoning.
This did not mean Sorel was murdered, because mercury was sometimes used in cosmetic preparations and also to treat worms.
this could therefore have been the reason for her death.
Agnès Sorel in the Arts
Agnès Sorel plays a main part in Voltaire's epic La Pucelle.
Two Russian operas from the late 19th century portray Agnès Sorel (and Charles VII) among the dramatis personae.
These are Pyotr Tchaikovsky's The Maid of Orleans and César Cui's The Saracen.
Duquesne, Vie et Aventures galantes de la belle Sorel, (Paris, 1909)
Autheman, Marc, Agnès Sorel: l'inspiratrice,(2008),
Strip Me is the third album by Natasha Bedingfield.
It was released exclusively in the United States and Canada on December 7, 2010.
The record was not as successful as the previous records Unwritten and Pocketful of Sunshine, although the song, also titled "Strip Me", reached number 23 on the Adult Contemporary format.
In some cultures a little different than one tree tree death masks and have been at a long period of time for a year now due in the late period  may be a clay or other item placed on the face of the dead person before burial rites.
The best known of these are what you have done and what do they have done for your time in school tomorrow I will be home and have to go get home I will the masks used by ancient Egyptians as part of the mummification process, such as Tutankhamon’s burial mask.
In the 17th century in some European countries, it was common for death masks to be used as part of the effigy of the deceased, displayed at state funerals.
During the 18th and 19th centuries they were also used to keep a record the faces of unknown bodies.
This is now done with photographs.
Phrenologists and ethnographers used both death masks and life masks (taken from living people) for scientific and pseudoscientific purposes.
A death mask is a wax or plaster cast made of a person’s face.
Death masks may be mementos of the dead, or used for creation of portraits.
It is sometimes possible to tell if paintings have been copied from death masks, because shape of the face is altered by the weight of the plaster during the making of the mould.
In some cultures a death mask may be a clay or other item placed on the face of the dead person before burial rites.
The best known of these are the masks used by ancient Egyptians as part of the mummification process, such as Tutankhamon’s burial mask.
Masks of dead people are a tradition in many countries.
The most important process of the funeral ceremony in ancient Egypt was the mummification of the body.
After prayers and consecration, the body was put into a sarcophagus decorated with gold and gems.
A special part of the rite was a sculpted mask, put on the face of the dead person.
This mask strengthened the spirit of the mummy and guarded the soul from evil spirits on its way to the afterworld.
The best known mask is that of Tutankhamun.
Made of gold and gems, the mask shows the highly stylized features of the ancient ruler.
Such masks were not, however, made from casts of the features.
The mummification process itself kept the features of the dead person.
In 1876 the archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann discovered in Mycenae six graves, which he believed were those of kings and ancient Greek heroes—Agamemnon, Cassandra, Evrimdon and others.
To his surprise, the skulls were covered with gold masks.
It is now thought by some unlikely that the masks actually belonged to Agamemnon and other heroes of the Homeric epics.
The lifelike character of Roman portrait sculptures has been linked to the earlier Roman use of wax to keep the features of dead family members.
The wax masks were then remade in stone.
In the late Middle Ages, a shift took place from sculpted masks to true death masks, made of wax or plaster.
These masks were not buried with the dead.
Instead, they were used in funeral ceremonies and were later kept in libraries, museums and universities.
Death masks were taken not only of dead royalty and nobility (Henry VIII, Sforza), but also of important people—poets, philosophers, and dramaturges, such as Dante, Filippo Brunelleschi, Torquato Tasso, Blaise Pascal and Voltaire.
Like in ancient Rome, death masks were often then used in making marble sculpture portraits, busts or engravings of the deceased.
Oliver Cromwell’s death mask is kept at Warwick Castle.
Another famous death mask is that of Napoleon Bonaparte, taken on the island of Saint Helena and displayed at London’s British Museum.
In Russia, the death mask tradition dates back to the times of Peter the Great, whose death mask was made by Carlo Bartolomeo Rastrelli.
Also well known are death masks of Alexander I, Nicholas I and Alexander II.
Death masks were used by scientists from the late 18th century onwards to record differences in human physiognomy.
The life mask was also increasingly common at this time, taken from living persons.
Anthropologists used such masks to study physiognomic features in famous persons and notorious criminals.
One such mask, known as L'Inconnue de la Seine, recorded the face of a young woman who had drowned in the Seine River at Paris around the late 1880s.
A worker at the Paris morgue was so taken by her beauty that he made a plaster cast of her face.
She was considered so beautiful that in the following years copies of the mask became a fashionable item in Parisian Bohemian society.
The face of Resusci Anne, the world’s first CPR training mannequin, introduced in 1960, was modeled after L'Inconnue de la Seine.
Laurence Hutton Collection of Life and Death Masks
Before and After Death  Photographic portraits of people before, and immediately after, they die
Collection of Death Masks  History of death masks, Pictures of death masks and historical resources
Ancient Egyptian Masks by Egy King
Alfred Emanuel Smith, Jr. (December 30, 1873 – October 4, 1944), known in private and public life as Al Smith, was an American statesman who was elected the 42nd Governor of New York four times, and was the Democratic US presidential candidate in 1928.
He was a leader of the Progressive Movement, and was noted for making a wide range of reforms as governor in the 1920s.
He was also linked to the Tammany Hall machine that controlled Manhattan politics; he was a strong opponent of prohibition.
Smith was the first Catholic to run for President, and attracted many thousands of ethnic voters.
However he was especially unpopular among Southern Baptists and German Lutherans, who feared the pope would dictate his policies.
It was a time of national prosperity, and Smith lost in a landslide to Republican Herbert Hoover.
Smith tried for the 1932 nomination, but was defeated by his former ally Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Smith entered business in New York City, and became an increasingly vocal opponent of Roosevelt's New Deal.
Smith died at the Rockefeller Institute Hospital on October 4, 1944 of a heart attack, at the age of 70, broken-hearted over the death of his wife from cancer five months earlier.
He is interred at Calvary Cemetery.
Alfred E. Smith Building, a 1928 skyscraper in Albany, New York
Governor Alfred E. Smith Houses, a public housing development in Lower Manhattan, near his birthplace
PS 1 Alfred E. Smith School, a school in Manhattan's Chinatown.
PS 163 Alfred E. Smith School, a school on the Upper West Side of Manhattan
Alfred E. Smith Career and Technical Education High School in the South Bronx.
Governor Alfred E. Smith Park, a playground in the Two Bridges neighborhood in Manhattan, near his birthplace
Governor Alfred E. Smith, a former front line and current reserve fireboat in the New York City Fire Department fleet.
Governor Alfred E. Smith Sunken Meadow State Park, a state park on Long Island
Alfred E. Smith Recreation Center, a youth activity center in the Two Bridges neighborhood, Manhattan.
Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation Dinner, a fundraiser held for Catholic Charities and a stop on the presidential campaign trail
Smith Hall, a residence hall at Hinman College, SUNY Binghamton.
Camp Smith, a State owned military installation of the New York Army National Guard in Cortlandt Manor near Peekskill, NY, about  north of New York City, at the northern border of Westchester County, and consists of .
Alfred E. Smith IV, former member of the New York Stock Exchange, philanthropist, Chairman of the Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center
Big Hearted Al candy bar, named after Smith by a supporter who owned a candy factory
Edwardstone is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England.
In 2011, there were 352 people living in Edwardstone civil parish.
The parish contains the villages and hamlets of Mill Green, Priory Green, Round Maple and Sherbourne Street.
The name Edwardstone means Farmstead of a man called Edweard.
Edwardstone was listed in the Domesday Book as Eduardestuna.
Edwardstone was once in the Babergh hundred.
Edwardstone Hall was a country house located in the village.
It was demolished in 1952, but there are several other buildings still located on its land, including two listed buildings described below: the Church of St Mary the Virgin and Temple Bar.
Edwardstone civil parish had a population (population is the number of people living in a place) of 352 in 2011, 343 in 2001, 299 in 1961, 349 in 1951, 368 in 1931, 341 in 1921, 415 in 1911, 416 in 1901, 420 in 1891, 438 in 1881, 479 in 1851, 495 in 1841, 503 in 1831, 416 in 1821, 374 in 1811 and 362 in 1801.
In 1086 there were 32 households in Edwardstone, which was quite large compared to other settlements.
The parish contains the villages and hamlets (a hamlet is a settlement without a church) of Mill Green, Priory Green, Round Maple and Sherbourne Street.
Edwardstone has a church called the Church of St Mary the Virgin.
Edwardstone is on a tributary (a tributary is a smaller river that flows into another) of the River Stour.
Edwardstone civil parish has 31 Listed buildings.
Edwardstone has a Cricket Team in Hunts County Division 2.
The team plays its home games at Homefields, Boxford.
In the "History, Gazetteer, and Directory of Suffolk, and the Towns Near Its Borders" Edwardstone had 1872 acres of land which was mostly arable (land that can be used for growing crops), but it also included 105 acres of woodland.
The forest surrounding the village is called Edwardstone Woods.
It is mainly broadleaved, mixed and yew woodland.
It has been classified as scientifically important by the British government.
Barn to the North of Lynn's Hall (Grade II)
Borehouse Manor Farmhouse (Grade II)
Christmas House (Grade II)
Church of St Mary the Virgin (Grade I)
Crossways (Grade II)
Earls Cottages (Grade II)
Edwardstone House (Grade II)
Edwardstone Lodge (Grade II)
Garden Wall to Sherbourne House (Grade II)
General Stores (Grade II)
Hathaway Cottage Little Thatch (Grade II), a cottage with a thatched roof.
It has two gabled dormers and a ridge chimney stack.
Hideaway Corner (Grade II)
Home Farmhouse (Grade II)
Juglans (Grade II)
Lynn's Hall (Grade II)
Manora (Grade II)
Mill Green Cottage (Grade II)
Mill Green End (Grade II)
Moat Farm Cottage (Grade II)
Priory Cottage (Grade II)
Priory Green Cottage (Grade II)
Quicks Farmhouse (Grade II), was a farmhouse and is now a house.
It has a red-brick front.
The inner part has bridging beams with lamb's tongue (or ogee) stops and ceiling joists.
The upper part of the front range has been changed, probably in 1859.
Sans Souci (Grade II)
Seasons (Grade II), an 18th/19th century building, which has 1 story and a thatched roof.
It has been renovated.
Sherbourne Cottage (Grade II)
Sherbourne House (Grade II)
Sideways (Grade II)
Temple Bar (Grade II), a red-brick gatehouse with an archway.
It formed the entrance to Edwardstone Hall.
The Flushing (Grade II), an 18th-century or early 19th-century building, which has been renovated and has 2 storeys.
It also has a central gabled porch.
The Thatched Cottage (Grade II)
Tudor Cottage (Grade II)
John Winthrop was born in Edwardstone.
Edwardstone Estate
Designer Vertical gardens
Villages in Suffolk
Groton is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England.
Groton has a church called St Bartholomew Church.
The parish contains the hamlets of Broad Street, Castling's Heath, Gosling Green, Horner's Green and Parliament Heath.
In 2001, there were 222 people living in Groton.
The name Groton might mean sandy or pebbly stream.
Groton was listed in the Domesday Book as Grotena.
Booker T. Jones (born November 12, 1944) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer and arranger.
He is famous as the leader of the band Booker T. & the M.G.'s.
He has also worked in recording studios with some of the highest regarded musicians of the 20th and 21st centuries, and in 2007 was given a Grammy Award for a lifetime of good work.
I Want You (1981)
Potato Hole (2009)
Booker T. interview May 2009
AV Club: article
wtop.com: article
He was the son of a silk manufacturer at Lyon, where he was born, originally intended to follow his father's business; but as a volunteer in the cavalry of the national guard at Lyons in 1792 his military ability got him rapid promotion.
As chef de bataillon he was present at the Siege of Toulon in 1793, where he took General O'Hara prisoner.
|A divisional commander in the campaigns against the Third and Fourth Coalitions
In the campaigns of 1805 and 1806 he greatly enhanced his reputation at Austerlitz, Saalfeld, Jena, Pułtusk and Ostrolenka.
He obtained the title of count on 19 March 1808, married on 16 November of the same year Mlle.
Honorine Anthoine de Saint-Joseph (Marseille, 26 February 1790 – Paris, 13 April 1884), a niece of Julie Clary, the wife of Joseph Bonaparte, and soon afterwards was ordered to Spain.
He was named commander of the army of Aragon and governor of that region, and in two years brought the area into complete submission.
Beaten by the Spanish at Alcañiz, he sprung back and soundly defeated the army of Blake at María on 14 June 1809, and on 22 April 1810 defeated Henry Joseph O'Donnell, Count of La Bisbal at Lleida.
He was made marshal of France (8 July 1811).
In 1812 he captured Valencia, for which he was rewarded with the ducal victory title  of duc d'Albufera da Valencia in 1813.
The restored Bourbon king Louis XVIII made him a peer of France on 4 June, with a seat in the upper house, but, having commanded one of Napoleon's armies on the Alpine frontier during the Hundred Days, he was deprived of his peerage on 24 July 1815.
He died near Marseille on 3 January 1826.
Louise-Honorine (1811 – 1885)
Louis-Napoleon (1813 – 1877)
Anne-Marie (1820 – 1835)
Poularde Albufera, a chicken dish designed to be accompanied by
Albufera Sauce
Marshals of France
Wagoner made 53 studio albums.
He had 80 singles, including three number one singles.
Wagoner was part of Grand Ole Opry.
He was nicknamed, Mr. Grand Ole Opry.
Porter Wagoner's Official website
He made 57 studio albums and had 83 singles during the course of his musical career.
In 1955 he sang the song Sixteen Tons.
He snapped his fingers on the recording.
The song sold over a million copies.
Tennessee Ernie Ford's Official website
Vevey is a town in Switzerland.
Vevey is the site of the world headquarters of  Nestlé, founded in 1867.
Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1857.
Sandra Kay "Sandy" Duncan (born February 20, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter and actress.
She starred in many television programs and movies.
She has also been doing stage acting during her career.
Sandy starred in the television sitcom The Hogan Family.
She was born in Henderson, Texas.
Steven Lee Cropper (born October 21, 1941 in Willow Springs, Missouri), also known as Steve "The Colonel" Cropper, is an American guitarist, songwriter and producer.
He is best known as the guitarist with Booker T. & the M.G.'s who made instrumental music for singers such as Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, Rufus Thomas and Johnnie Taylor.
He sometimes also helped make records by these singers.
He also became known as a member of the Blues Brothers band.
Rolling Stone lists him 36th on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.
Jesse Royal Carmichael (born 2 April 1979) is an American musician, guitarist & keyboardist.
He is best known as the secondary guitar player and keyboardist for the Grammy Award winning band Maroon 5.
In 1994, he joined with Maroon 5 frontman Adam Levine and Mickey Madden, current bassist, and formed Kara's Flowers.
He recorded the debut album Songs About Jane with the rest of the band Levine, Madden, James Valentine, and Ryan Dusick.
Carmichael was born in Boulder, Colorado, United States on April 2, 1979.
He went to Five Towns College with the rest of his band mates.
While he was in college he began getting interested in playing the piano and keyboards.
He then joined Kara's Flowers and released the album The Fourth World in 1998.
Kara's Flowers then disbanded and re connected years later in 2002 and began recording material with Maroon 5.
As a solo artist, Carmichael uses a stage name 1863.
He released his debut EP album Five Songs on June 4, 2012 digitally.
Alexander I of Russia (, Aleksandr I Pavlovich) ( – ), also known as Alexander the Blessed (, Aleksandr Blagoslovennyi) was Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and the first Russian King of Poland from 1815 to 1825.
He was also the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland and Lithuania.
He was born in Saint Petersburg to Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, later Emperor Paul I, and Maria Feodorovna, daughter of the Duke of Württemberg.
He succeeded to the throne after his father was murdered, and ruled Russia during the Napoleonic Wars.
On 9 October 1793, Alexander married Louise of Baden, known as Elisabeth Alexeyevna after her conversion to the Orthodox Church.
He later told his friend Frederick William III that the marriage, a political match devised by his grandmother, Catherine the Great, regrettably proved to be a misfortune for him and his wife.
Their two children of the marriage died young.
Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (29 May 1799 – 8 July 1800) – rumoured to be the child of Adam Czartoryski
Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexandrovna of Russia (16 November 1806 – 12 May 1808); died of infection
Nikolai Loukache (11 December 1796 – 20 January 1868)
Zenaida Naryshkina (1806 – 18 May 1810)
Sophia Naryshkina (1808 – 18 June 1824)
Emanuel Naryshkin (30 July 1813 – 31 December 1901)
Maria Alexandrovna Parijskaia  (19 March 1814–1874)
Wilhelmine Alexandrine Pauline Alexandrov (1816 – 4 June 1863)
Gustave Ehrenberg (14 February 1818 – 28 September 1895)
Maria Tourkestanova (20 March 1819 – 19 December 1843)
Nikolai Vassilievich Isakov (10 February 1821 – 25 February 1891)
Mysterious death
In the autumn of 1825 the Emperor sailed to the south of Russia due to the increasing illness of his wife.
During his trip he caught a cold which developed into typhus from which he died in the southern city of Taganrog on 19 November (O.S.)/ 1 December 1825.
His wife died a few months later as the emperor's body was transported to Saint Petersburg for the funeral.
He was interred at the Sts.
Peter and Paul Cathedral of the Peter and Paul Fortress in Saint Petersburg on 13 March 1826.
The unexpected death of the Tsar far from the capital caused rumours that his death and funeral were staged so he could spend the rest of his life in solitude.
Some say the former emperor became a monk in Pochaev Lavra or Kievo-Pecherskaya Lavra or elsewhere.
A mysterious hermit, Feodor Kuzmich, (or Kozmich) emerged in Siberia in 1836, died near Tomsk in 1864 and was eventually glorified as a saint of the Orthodox Church.
Many people, including some historians, have theorized that he was Alexander I under an assumed identity.
While there are testimonies that "Feodor Kozmich" in his earlier life might have belonged to a higher level of society, claims that he was Alexander I were never proved.
Ghervas, Stella.
Réinventer la tradition.
Alexandre Stourdza et l'Europe de la Sainte-Alliance.
Paris, Honoré Champion, 2008.
Henri Troyat, "Alexandre 1er", Flammarion, 1981.
Valerie  Harper (August 22, 1939 – August 30, 2019) was an American movie and television actress.
She was best known for playing Rhoda Morgenstern on The Mary Tyler Moore Show and starring in the sitcom Valerie.
She also did stage acting.
She began her career as a dancer and chorus girl on Broadway in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Harper was born in Suffern, New York.
She was Wendy Schaal's former step-mother.
She was married to Richard Schaal from 1964 until they divorced in 1978.
She married Tony Cacciotti in 1987.
On March 11, 2013, Harper announced that she had an incurable brain tumor.
Doctors said that she had less than three months to live.
Although the disease is incurable, her doctors said they were treating her with chemotherapy in an effort to slow its progress.
On July 30, 2015, Harper was hospitalized in Maine after falling unconscious.
Later on the 30th she was taken via medevac to a larger hospital for further treatment.
Valerie Harper official website
FilmReference profile
Archive of American Television
Jack Leroy "Jackie" Wilson, Jr. (June 9, 1934 – January 21, 1984) was an American singer and performer.
He was called "Mr. Excitement".
Wilson helped to change rhythm and blues into soul.
He was a master showman, and a dynamic singers.
He was a member of the R&B vocal group Billy Ward and His Dominoes.
On his own, beginning in 1957, he recorded over 50 hit singles.
These songs included R&B, pop, soul, doo-wop and easy listening.
During a 1975 benefit concert, he collapsed on-stage from a heart attack.
Then he  fell into a coma.
The coma lasted nearly nine years until his death in 1984.
By then, he had become one of the most influential artists of his generation.
A two-time Grammy Hall of Fame Inductee, Jackie Wilson was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987.
In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Jackie Wilson #68 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time .
At the 1984 Grammy Awards Michael Jackson dedicated his Album of the Year Grammy for Thriller to Wilson.
After this Tarnapol released the first Wilson album in nearly nine years.
For a detailed listing of singles and albums, see Jackie Wilson discography.
Hit albums
Jackiewilson.net
Jackie Wilson at history-of-rock.com
Jackie Wilson Tribute Artist
The Rise and Fall of Jackie Wilson
Spinning Soul.com -The Tragic Life of Jackie Wilson
Jackie Wilson on the Soul Patrol website
The Soul Guy website: Jackie Wilson
Jackie Wilson: "A history in pictures" from the Soulwalking U. K. website
Brunswick Records Album Discography (including Jackie Wilson)
Michigan Rock and Roll Legends
The Alaska Interior covers most of the U.S. state's territory.
It is largely wilderness.
Mountains include Mount McKinley (Denali) in the Alaska Range, the Wrangell Mountains, and the Ray Mountains.
The largest city in the interior is Fairbanks, which is Alaska's second-largest city.
Other towns include North Pole, Eagle, Tok, Glennallen, Delta Junction, Nenana, Anderson, Healy and Cantwell.
Temperatures in Interior Alaska change a lot between the seasons.
Winter temperatures in Fairbanks are usually around −12 °F (−24 °C) and summer temperatures  are around 62 °F (17 °C).
Temperatures there can get as low as −65 °F (−54 °C) in mid-winter, and as high as 99 °F (37 °C) in summer.
Both the highest and lowest temperature records for the state were set in the Interior, with 100 °F (38 °C) in Fort Yukon and −80 °F (−64 °C) in Prospect Creek.
Temperatures within a given winter can ghange a lot also.
Long cold snaps can be followed by sudden warmth with temperatures above freezing.
this is because of changes in the  wind.
Summers can be warm and dry for a long time.
This can make it easy for wildfires to start.
Weak thunderstorms can produce lightning that starts a fire.
These fires are often left to burn if they are far away from where people live.
The 2004 season had the most fires.
Over  were burned.
The average annual precipitation in Fairbanks is 11.3 inches (28.7 cm).
Most of this is snow during the winter.
Most storms in the interior of Alaska originate in the Gulf of Alaska.