the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The eccentricity of selected orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre).
The farthest spherical moon Callisto is located for reference.
Given these orbital elements and the physical characteristics known so far,  Ananke is thought to be the biggest remnant of an original break-up forming the Ananke group.
<li value="11"> Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES
Ananke Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
The grind of a blade is the cross-section of the blade
To finely grate something, like coffee beans
In skateboarding,  a grind is a trick on a skateboard
grinding your teeth together
Camptosaurus (meaning "bent lizard") was a plant-eater from the Upper Jurassic (about 156 to 145 million years ago).
It is related to Iguanodon.
It was a heavy ornithischian dinosaur that was about 16-23 feet (5-7 m) long and 3-4 feet (1 m) high at the hips, weighing roughly 2,200 pounds (1000 kg).
It had a long snout, hundreds of teeth and a horny beak.
Its legs were longer than its arms; it had four-toed feet and five-fingered arms, all with hooves.
It could walk on two or four legs, it probably went on all four to graze for low-lying plants.
Carme is a retrograde non-spherical moon of Jupiter.
It was found by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in  California in July 1938.
It is named after the mythological Carme, mother by Zeus of Britomartis, a Cretan goddess.
Carme did not get its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as .
It was sometimes called "Pan" between 1955 and 1975.
Note that Pan is now the name of a moon of Saturn.
It gives its name to the Carme group, made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165°.
Its orbital elements are as of January 2000.
Carme Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
Leda or , is a moon of Jupiter.
Unlike many moons, it is not a sphere.
Charles T. Kowal found it working at the Mount Palomar Observatory on September 14, 1974.
He took photographs for three nights September 11 through 13.
Leda is in all of the photographs.
The moon'S name come from Leda in Greek mythology.
She was one of Zeus's lovers.
Zeus is the Greek equivalent of Jupiter.
Zeus came to Leda in the shape of a swan.
Kowal suggested the name and the IAU supported it in 1975.
Leda belongs to the Himalia group.
They are five moons orbiting between 11,000,000 and 13,000,000 km from Jupiter at an inclination of about 27.5°.
The orbital elements given here are as of January 2000, but they are changing a lot because gravity effects from the sun and planets.
Leda Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
Lysithea ( ,  ; ) is a prograde non-spherical moon of Jupiter.
It was found by Seth Barnes Nicholson in 1938 at Mount Wilson Observatory and is named after the mythological Lysithea, daughter of Oceanus and one of Zeus' lovers.
Lysithea did not get its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as .
It was sometimes called "Demeter" from 1955 to 1975.
It belongs to the Himalia group, five moons orbiting between 11,000,000 and 13,000,000 km from Jupiter at an inclination of about 28.3°.
Lysithea Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
"Rust Belt" is a term that refers to an area of the northern United States.
The area is mostly the states near the Great Lakes, and some of them are considered to be Midwest states.
This area was once known for steel production and heavy industry.
That industry has greatly decreased since the middle of the 20th century.
As the name might imply, the area has sort of turned to "rust", like what happens to old steel.
Much of this decrease in industry is because of the United States using manufacturers from other countries.
It became an Industrial hub because of its proximity to The Great Lakes, canals, and rivers which companies used to access raw materials and ship out products.
Watertown, New York
The Pax Romana was a time when there was a lot of peace in the Roman Empire. "
Pax" means "peace" in the Latin language; "Romana" means "Roman" in Latin.
So, "Pax Romana" means "Roman peace."
the Pax Romana lasted from 27 BC until 180 AD.
It started when Caesar was Emperor (ruler) of the Roman Empire.
The Pax Romana is called a good time period because:
There were not many wars.
There was a lot of trade. ("
Trade" means the buying and selling of goods.
Goods are things that can be bought or sold.)
Augustus: (27 BC  14 AD) Augustus was the first emperor, He was the adopted son and great nephew of Julius Caesar.
Nerva: (96–98 AD) Nerva changed land laws to help the poor and changed tax rules.
Trajan: Trajan built many new public works projects such as bath-houses and roads.
The empire grew to its biggest size while Trajan was emperor.
Hadrian: Hadrian built Hadrian's Wall in Britain (at the time called Britannia).
He also made Roman laws easier to understand.
Antoninus Pius: Antonius promoted art and science.
He also built new public works, and passed laws to help orphans.
The Pax Romana, which in Latin means Roman Peace, was a period from about 2000 to about 1800 years ago when the Roman Empire had reached the height of its size and had few military conflicts.
The Pax Romana was not always totally peaceful, as a transition within government could lead to chaos, but is remembered as a golden age for Rome where the empire grew wealthy and no threats challenged Roman dominance in Europe, northern Africa, or the Middle East.
During this time period, they grew tremendously in architecture, science, mathematics,
The UH-1 Iroquois (although known mainly as the Huey) was a helicopter made by Bell Helicopters.
It first flew in 1956 and was introduced in 1959.
It was known for being in the Vietnam War.
It could be used for transporting soldiers, cargo, support, helping lost soldiers or pilots, or attacking enemies.
One version, the UH-1V was made just for helping hurt people getting to hospitals.
Some Hueys were given to civilians to for business travel, forest fire fighters, and police stations.. Now, the UH-60 Black Hawk is mainly used, but the Huey is still in service with countries.
UH-1
A terabyte (TB) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices.
One terabyte holds 1000 gigabytes (GB) or a trillion (1,000,000,000,000) bytes, and 1000 terabytes make one petabyte.
Large organizations use terabytes of storage to hold massive amounts of data.
People at home might use terabytes for backups.
An external hard drive can be several terabytes.
Usually, one terabyte of space costs $50.
Meteora is the second studio album and fifth overall album by Linkin Park.
It was released on March 25, 2003.
It was initially going to release in Q4 2002 but got delayed to the end of Q1 2003.
The album has sold 5.5 million copies in the USA and over 15 million worldwide also.
"Foreword"
"Don't Stay"
"Somewhere I Belong"
"Lying from You"
"Hit the Floor"
"Easier to Run"
"Faint"
"Figure.09"
"Breaking the Habit"
"From the Inside"
"Nobody's Listening"
"Session"
Nu metal albums
"Say My Name" is a number-one single by American R&B group Destiny's Child for the Columbia Records label, released in early 2000.
The single was the third of four singles from the group's 1999 album The Writing's On The Wall, and the most successful of the four.
It is considered to be one of their signature songs.
It won a Grammy and an MTV Video Music Award.
Several remixes of "Say My Name" were issued alongside the original version.
The two most notable alternate versions are a remix by Timbaland, which features different vocals and a guest appearance from Static of Playa; and the "Nitro Remix" (featuring Nitro and Chief, with production by Mista Maze), which uses the original vocals over a bass music-styled backing track.
"Say My Name" (Acapella)
"Say My Name" (Daddy D Remix)
"Say My Name" (Digital Black & Groove Club Mix)
"Say My Name" (Dreem Teem Club Mix)
"Say My Name" (Instrumental)
"Say My Name" (Jazzy Bass Remix)
"Say My Name" (Maurice's Bass 2000 Mix)
"Say My Name" (Maurice's Millenium Mix)
"Say My Name" (Maurice's Old Skool Dub Mix)
"Say My Name" (Nitro Remix) (feat Nitro & Chief of Mob Playas)
"Say My Name" (Radio Edit)
"Say My Name" (Noodles Mix)
"Say My Name" (Remix) (feat Kobe Bryant)
"Say My Name" (Sidney's 2step RMX)
"Say My Name" (Storm Mix By Tariq)
"Say My Name" (Timbaland Remix) (feat Static)
Chart performances
For example, the President of the United States has veto power over the USA's Congress.
This can stop legislation from being passed.
If the President vetoes a bill passed by the Congress, it only becomes a law if Congress passes it again, this time with at least twice as many members of each of the two houses voting for it than voting against it.
Similarly, the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, China, Russia and France) each has veto power.
Using this, they can stop the Security Council's decisions from being passed and becoming resolutions unless they all agree to them.
These vetoes cannot be overturned by any more voting on that resolution; if there is a need to address the same issue again in the future, a new and separate resolution must be written, passed, and not vetoed.
Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview (report) by Kevin R. Kosar
Senate Reference Webpage on Vetoes, which includes lists of vetoes from 1789 to the current day.
Bettwiesen is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in northeast Switzerland, near Germany.
Bichelsee-Balterswil is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
It was made from the union on January 1, 1996 of Bichelsee and Balterswil.
The lake Bichelsee is in the municipality.
Birwinken is a municipality of the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
http://www.svb-bottighofen.ch/images/hafen.jpg
http://www.bottighofen.ch
http://www.bottighofen.ch.vu/
Braunau is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Bürglen is a municipality of the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Elbridge Thomas Gerry (July 17, 1744 – November 23, 1814) was an American politician from Massachusetts.
As a Democratic-Republican he was elected the fifth vice president of the United States, serving under James Madison, from March 4, 1813, until his death a year and a half later.
Gerry was elected Governor of Massachusetts in 1810 and served for two years.
While serving as governor, Gerry supported a plan that would re-create voting districts in Massachusetts to give more power to the political party that he belonged to.
The word gerrymander used today when a party tries to create more favourable voting districts was named for Elbridge Gerry.
Bussnang is a municipality of the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Piltdown Man (Eoanthropus dawsoni) was once thought to be a "missing link" between man and ape.
The first Piltdown fragments were discovered in 1912.
Thereafter, over 500 scientific essays were written on the Piltdown Man in a 40-year period.
The discovery was proven to be a deliberate hoax in 1953.
The fossil remains
Piltdown Man consisted of two human skulls, an orangutan jaw, an elephant molar, a hippopotamus tooth, and a canine tooth from a chimpanzee.
Sir Kenneth Oakley has determined the human skulls to be approximately 620 years old.
They may have belonged to Ona Indians from Patagonia, as the skulls were unusually thick.
Thick skulls are a common trait among Ona Indians.
The orangutan jaw is around 500 years old, perhaps from Sarawak.
The elephant molar is thought to be from Tunisia.
The hippopotamus tooth is thought to have come from Malta or perhaps Sicily.
The canine tooth belonged to a Pleistocene Chimpanzee.
The Piltdown remains were purposefully scattered around a quarry in Piltdown, England, so that they could be "discovered" later as evidence for evolution and the development of man from ape.
The skulls had been treated with acid.
All of the fossil remains were stained with an iron sulfate solution.
The canine tooth was painted brown and patched with bubble gum.
The molars were filed down.
The portion of the orangutan jaw that connected the jaw to its skull was carefully broken so as not to show evidence that this jaw did not belong to a human skull.
The perpetrators
The Piltdown Man hoax is thought to have been perpetrated by Charles Dawson, an archaeologist, geologist and fossil collector for the British Museum.
However, no one is quite certain who was involved.
There are a number of other suspects, including Sir Arthur Smith Woodward, Keeper of the British Museum's Natural History department, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, a paleontologist and Jesuit theologian.
The Times, November 21, 1953; November 23, 1953
The hoax exposed: The Piltdown Forgery by Joseph Weiner 1954
The case against Smith: The Piltdown Man by Ronald Millar 1972
The Dawson evidence: Unraveling Piltdown by John Evangelist Walsh 1996
Dozwil is a municipality of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Ermatingen is a municipality in Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Eschenz is a municipality of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in  Switzerland.
Eschlikon is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Felben-Wellhausen is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Fischingen is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Gachnang is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Gottlieben is a municipality of the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Güttingen is a municipality of the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
TNT is a delivery company that delivers packages either world-wide or within a country by couriers.
The company picks up parcels from the sender and then delivers them to the addressee.
TNT Airways, based in Liège Airport, is the airline of TNT, using more than 40 planes to reach 70 destinations in Europe every night.
Company overview
TNT N.V., through its two divisions, Express and Mail, is part of the global transportation and distribution industry, and dedicated to providing delivery solutions to its customers.
TNT serves more than 200 countries and employs around 160,000 people.
Over 2009, TNT reported €10.4 billion in revenues, an operating income of €648 million and cash from operating activities of €1 billion.
TNT N.V. is listed and traded on Euronext Amsterdam by NYSE Euronext (ticker "TNT").
TNT has a history spanning more than 250 years.
Its Dutch roots can be traced back to 1752.
But it wasn’t until 1946 that the company known as TNT was born, on the other side of the world, in Australia.
In the 60 years since then, TNT has grown into a global enterprise, even operating its own aircraft.
Much of this growth has come from take-overs and acquisitions.
In 1996, TNT was acquired by the Dutch company KPN (formerly PTT Post).
All packages are delivered to a local warehouse.
A courier collects the packages from the warehouse and delivers them to the address on the package.
Couriers will also collect packages from a certain area and take them to the warehouse where they can be sorted and sent to the warehouse nearest the receiver’s address.
In the United Kingdom, couriers are often part-time workers, delivering packages using their own cars.
They collect and deliver packages to any house in a certain postcode area.
This way, the TNT company can be sure of delivering to any house in the area.
1990s establishments in the Netherlands
TNT, the explosive substance, is trinitrotoluene
TNT (band), a hard rock band
TNT (couriers), a delivery company
Tuesday Night Titans, a 1980s-era World Wrestling Federation TV show (1984-1986)
TNT (channel), an American cable television channel
The Bad Beginning is a book by Lemony Snicket.
It is the first book in a series called A Series of Unfortunate Events.
The book was released in 1999.
Violet, Klaus and Sunny Baudelaire were enjoying a day at Briny Beach.
Mr. Poe, a banker and friend of the family, went to the beach to them that their parents had died in a fire which also destroyed their home.
Mr. Poe is the executor of the Baudelaire fortune.
It is his responsibility to put the children with a guardian and take care of their money until Violet turns eighteen (the legal age to handle money).
The Baudelaire children were taken to their new guardian Count Olaf.
Olaf is a distant relative of the children.
He works as an actor.
On their way, they met Justice Strauss.
Strauss is a kind and friendly judge who lives in the house next to them.
She tells the children that they are welcome in her home anytime, which has a library in it.
Count Olaf is a very cruel, filthy man.
He has one long eyebrow and a strange tattoo of an eye on his left ankle.
Olaf lives in a dirty musty house.
Most importantly, he only adopted the children to get their money.
He constantly made them do chores and other things, while only giving them with one bed to sleep in.
Count Olaf also refers them as "orphans" instead of "children".
Olaf's theatre troupe was coming to his house that night to practice.
Olaf told the children that they had to make dinner for everyone.
There was no food in the house, so the children went to the marketplace with Justice Strauss to buy the ingredients for Pasta Puttanesca.
Count Olaf complained that he wanted roast beef but he had never told them this.
He became very mad and hit Klaus across the face.
The children went to Mr. Poe at his bank in order to get help.
Mr. Poe told them that Olaf may raise them however he wants.
He then called Olaf to tell him of the Baudelaires' visit.
When they got back to their home, Olaf told the children that he was sorry.
He also told them that they would be in an upcoming play, called The Marvelous Marriage written by Al Funcoot.
Olaf would play the groom, Violet would be the bride, and Klaus and Sunny would be people in the audience.
The children spent the day at Justice Strauss's home.
While Violet and Sunny were helping in the garden, Klaus was reading law books in the library.
He took a book on nuptial law out of the library with him when they return home.
Klaus spent the entire night reading about how they could stop Count Olaf's plan to get their money.
He learned that two people can be married if they sign a document and say their wedding vows in the presence of a legal judge.
Olaf planned to marry Violet during the play to get control of the money.
When Klaus talked to Count Olaf about this, he only smiled and laughed.
Klaus ran to wake up his sisters but Sunny was not there.
Violet and Klaus followed Olaf outside.
They learned that Sunny was being held inside a birdcage at the top of the tower.
Count Olaf told them that one of his henchmen had kidnapped Sunny while they were sleeping.
He warned them that if they did not do what he told them to do during the play, the cage will be released and Sunny would fall to her death.
That night, Violet made a grappling hook to reach the top of the tower but she was kept captive with Klaus until the play began.
The play was performed.
Olaf stopped it after the wedding scene to say that he and Violet were now married.
Justice Strauss said that Violet could not marry because she was not old enough.
Olaf said that she could be married if her parent or guardian allowed it.
As her guardian, he allowed to get married.
Sunny was returned to them.
Violet said that she was right-handed but signed the document with her left hand.
Judge Strauss said that this made the marriage not legal.
Olaf escaped when one of his henchmen turned off the theater's lights.
Just as Violet was about to turn the lights back on, Olaf quietly said that he would always be after them, and that when he got their fortune, he would kill them with his own hands.
Justice Strauss was willing to adopt the Baudelaires, but Mr. Poe told her that their parents' will said a relative must care for them.
They got into Mr. Poe's car and it drove away as Justice Strauss waved goodbye.
Count Olaf is the principal villain, antihero and primary character from Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events.
His main goal throughout the series is to inherit or steal the Baudelaire fortune.
He attempts numerous acts to try to get that fortune, such as trying to marry Violet, kidnap Sunny, and trip Klaus to have him fall and break his glasses (Miserable Mill) etc.
He has a tattoo of an eye on his left ankle.
He is one of the Baudelaire's extended family member.
ja:世にも不幸なできごと#オラフ伯爵一味
Warhammer 40,000 , also called 40k, is a table-top game and fictional setting made by Games Workshop, in which model armies fight against each other on miniature terrain.
Two or more players are needed for a game.
Each player takes turns to use their army in several phases: command, movement, psychic, shooting, charge, fight and morale.
It is played using dice to decide what happens as a result of player decisions, and a ruler to measure distances between units.
Each model has ratings for statistics such as "ballistic skill" (shooting), "weapon skill" (hand-to-hand combat), "toughness" (how hard they are to hurt), "leadership" (how brave or disciplined they are) and "armor save" (how effective their armour is at preventing damage).
Models move freely around the table instead of being restricted to the cells or spaces of a traditional board game, and may move into or out of cover (called Terrain).
Each player builds an army of miniatures by choosing units from the appropriate army list (called a "Codex").
Missions often impose restrictions on which units must or must not be included.
Models may also be equipped with different weapons and equipment (such as armour, shields, grenades and jet packs), which modify their statistics in many ways.
For example, a model may be equipped with a Boltgun (a standard infantry weapon that can fire while moving), a Heavy Bolter (to take down lots of enemy infantry at long range), a Lascannon (to take on enemy tanks) or could give up ranged weapons in favour of swords, axes or power fists (various hand-to-hand combat weapons).
Warhammer 40,000 is set in the 41st millenium, a science-fiction future version of the real galaxy.
Humanity has spread throughout the galaxy and encountered many Xenos (alien) races, most of which are extremely hostile.
While humanity once dominated the galaxy, events such as an AI rebellion and major civil war have reduced them to a dying empire barely clinging to power.
Artificial intelligence tends to become too smart to coexist with it's creator so is generally banned by most factions, who instead rely on manual labour.
There is an alternate psychic reality called the Warp, that mirrors the material galaxy and allows for psychic powers (similar to magic in fantasy settings), psychic beings (such as Daemons) and interstellar travel.
The Warp is an unstable dimension fed by the emotions of various races in the galaxy, and it fluctuates in strength it can greatly help or hinder various factions.
The setting is considered "Grimdark" which means it is a very bleak and violent setting, with little hope for lasting peace between the factions.
This means any faction may fight or ally with any other faction while remaining consistent with the story, which allows players to tell stories about the games they play.
There are many factions in the setting, both large and small.
Only the largest factions have official models from Games Workshop, though many players paint or modify their models to represent one of the minor factions.
Players often make their own stories and rules to support their minor factions, though this is usually not supported at official Games Workshop events (such as tournaments).
Major factions supported by Games Workshop include:
Imperium of Man
The Imperium of Man is the civilization that today's humanity has become.
The Imperium is ruled by the Emperor of Mankind, an immortal man with the most powerful psychic abilities.
Unfortunately he was badly wounded during the Horus Heresy (the largest Imperial civil war), and is no longer able to lead humanity.
The Imperium is a very spread-out civilisation,
Astra Militarum (Imperial Guard): The large armies of normal humans.
They use basic but reliable equipment, such as the icon Lasgun (a laser rifle) and Leman Russ battle tank.
Regiments of Imperial Guard are raised from planets all over the Imperium, so have a wide variety of appearances and tactics.
The Imperial Guard is reliant on the Imperial Navy to transport it between planets.
Players can also use these models to represent more minor human military factions, such as Planetary Defense Forces (PDF), traitor human armies or Imperial Navy troops.
Adeptus Astartes (Space Marines): Space Marines are genetically modified humans, that are larger, faster and stronger than normal humans.
They have extra organs that allow them to heal quickly, breathe underwater, spit acid, resist poison, etc.
They wear advanced powered armour that both enhances their strength (allowing them to carry heavy weapons) while also providing protection similar to a light armoured vehicle.
Space Marines are organised into 1,000 "Chapters" of 1,000 marines each, to prevent them forming a threat to the Imperium's political structure.
Space Marines can live for a very long time (some are centuries or even millennia old), and become very skilled warriors due to their experience.
Unlike the Astra Militarum, Space Marines are allowed to keep their own space fleets.
Adeptus Sororitas (Sisters of Battle): The Sisters of Battle are an all-female order of warriors under control of the Ecclesiarchy (the Imperial church).
The head of the Ecclesiarchy rebelled against the Imperium millenia ago, and was banned from using "Men under arms"; the Sisters of Battle exist on a legal technicality, as they are not men.
They are very pious and carry out many religious wars in the Emperor's name.
Adeptus Mechanicus: The Mechanicum is a whole civilisation dedicated to rediscovering old human technology (which they believe is holy), and exists alongside the Imperium.
The Imperium has made a deal with them to provide all the materials and knowledge it can, while the Mechanicum in turn provides the machinery and war materiel the Imperium needs to remain in power.
Adeptus Mechanicus members are often highly modified with bionic augmentations such as mechanical limbs, electronic eyes and brain computers.
The Mechanicum also keeps control of the Titans, giant mechs that are humanity's most powerful ground-based war machines.
Imperial Knights: Mechs that are smaller and simpler than Titans but still very powerful.
They are owned and used by the Knight Houses, families that control feudal human worlds.
The Inquisition: A large organisation of secret police, dedicated to fighting specific threats to humanity rather than large wars.
The Inquisition has three main orders: Ordo Malleus to investigate Daemon activity, Ordo Xenos to investigate aliens and Ordo Hereticus to look for traitors, heretics and mutants.
The Inquisition cannot be played as it's own army in the game, but small units to represent it's agents may be added to many other human factions.
The forces of Chaos are those influenced by the power of the Warp.
The Warp is a corrupting influence on most species, leading them to unpredictable behaviour.
Chaos feeds off the emotions of the various races in the galaxy, and the strongest emotions combine to form powerful Warp beings called the Chaos Gods.
The strongest four are: Khorne (anger, violence, hatred), Tzeentch (scheming, plots, change), Nurgle (entropy, disease, physical corruption) and Slaanesh (lust, greed, excess, pain, pleasure).
The Chaos sub-factions may align with one, several or all of the Chaos Gods (known as "Chaos Undivided").
Chaos Space Marines: These are Space Marines that have turned away from the Imperium for whatever reason.
Many start with simple piracy, but slowly turn to the Chaos Gods for resources to support their operations.
The first Chaos Space Marines occurred at the end of the Horus Heresy, a large civil war that place ten thousand years ago.
Chaos Space Marines are generally in charge of the other Chaos forces, unlike in the Imperium.
Daemons: Daemons are warp beings of varying power, too weak to be considered Chaos Gods.
The normally need to be summoned by a psyker to enter the material galaxy, but in areas where the Warp is very active they can sometimes cross over by themselves.
Daemons have various powers depending on which Chaos God they align with.
The Lost and the Damned (traitor humans): There are many large groups of Chaos-aligned humans, though many are there through enslavement rather than choice.
They are generally less well-organised than their Imperial equivalents, though with help of the Dark Mechanicum they are often just as powerful.
They can be represented in the game using the rules for the Imperial Guard.
Dark Mechanicum: The traitor counterpart to the Adeptus Mechanicus.
Due to their lack of resources and equipment, they often incorporate Daemons in place of other components, leading to powerful but often-uncontrollable machines.
Aeldari (Eldar)
The Eldar are an ancient, powerfully psychic, technologically-advanced race, resembling the elves of many fantasy settings.
They were once the most powerful faction in the galaxy, but their self-indulgence and debauchery led to their downfall via the creation of the Chaos God Slaanesh.
The Eldar has splintered into many sub-factions, some of which share alliances and utilise the same types of equipment.
The Eldar were responsible for the construction of the Webway, a way of traveling around the galaxy without risking exposure to the Warp (though it is now in disrepair).
Some factions can make use of "Spirit Stones" that collect an Eldar's soul when they die to prevent it being captured by Slaanesh; these can then be used to operate machinery such as spaceships or combat mechs.
Asuryani (Craftworld Eldar): An entirely space-borne faction of the Eldar, the Asuryani live aboard their gigantic spaceship-cities called "Craftworlds".
The various Craftworlds are independent of each other, with no overall leader directing them.
Asuryani dedicate themselves to various "Paths" (like having careers or learning skills in humanity) such as becoming an artisan, mariner (space sailor), leader or warrior.
Some Eldar stay on one path their whole life, while others change between them as desired.
Exodites: The Exodites are Aeldari that have rejected advancement and technology, having abandoned the Craftworlds prior to the Eldar's fall to Slaanesh.
The Exodites live on planets rather than spacecraft, and make use of "World Shrines" to capture their souls in an artificial afterlife instead of spirit stones.
Harlequins: Harlequins are Eldar aligned with the god "Cegorach" (the "Laughing God"), and mix their combat skills with theatrical, acrobatic performances.
They began as a group to warn of the impending fall of the Eldar, and now continue their role as historians of the Eldar race.
The Harlequins live in the remains of the Webway, and when they emerge for combat they are known for fast, fluid, dance-like motions.
Ynnari: The Ynnari are a new group of Eldar with members from all factions (even from the Drukhari).
They worship the young Eldar god Ynnead, who the think may be the last hope of saving the Eldar race from extinction.
They live aboard fleets of spaceships, and focus most of their efforts against the forces of Chaos.
Drukhari (Dark Eldar): The Drukhari are the remains of the self-indulgent Eldar that led to the fall and the creation of Slaanesh.
They are longer-lived than other Eldar, though this requires them to consume souls to extend their lives.
The Dark Eldar suffer from "The Thirst", which is the need to capture other beings, torture them and consume their souls.
Unlike other Eldar, psychic powers are rare.
The Drukhari live in the twisted city of Commorragh, hidden within the Webway.
They conduct regular raids into real space to capture slaves for their souls.
Orks
The Orks are an artificially-engineered race with a crude but brutal nature, and provide much of the comedy relief for the setting.
They may well be the most numerous race in the galaxy, but their highly fractured clan structure means they often fight amongst themselves rather than work together.
Orks are the main sub-species of "Orkoids", which vary from the tiny child-like Snotlings up to the massive dinosaur-like Squiggoths.
Orks require competition and violence to live as it makes them stronger, and Orks that do not fight will weaken and die.
Orkoids are actually a fungus and spread via dropping spores instead of sexual reproduction, making them difficult to wipe out as their battlefields soon become spawning grounds for new Orks.
Orks have a lot of knowledge encoded into their DNA such as medicinal care (Dokz) and engineering (Mekz), of which the most skilled are called Oddboyz.
Rarely an Ork warboss will become powerful enough to declare a "Waaaagh!",
which unites many clans into a crusade for fighting and looting.
A "Waaaagh!"
will often burn out by itself, as the Orks eventually turn to infighting.
Necrons
The Necrons are an ancient race of mechanical warriors resembling skeletons, who used to be organic beings called the Necrontyr.
The Necrontyr were tricked by the godlike beings called the C'tan, who gave them powerful weapons and promised them eternal life.
Once the Necrontyr conquered the galaxy, they realised "eternal life" meant being turned into machines without souls and individuality.
Now called Necrons, only the strongest kept their personalities and emotions.
The Necrons turned on the C'tan and shattered them, capturing them in Shards to use as weapons.
The fight against the C'tan had weakened the Necrons, so they chose to enter stasis on their Tomb Worlds, to sleep until the galaxy was one again full of life for them to harvest.
The Necrons have slowly started to awaken in the 41st millennium, ready to strike out into the galaxy once more.
Necrons are made of a substance called "Living Metal" that is very resistant to damage, but also allows them to repair themselves when destroyed.
When too many Necrons of an army are defeated the rest "Phase Out" by teleporting back to their tombs, to rebuild their strength to fight another day.
Tyranids
The Tyranids are an insect-like race that come from outside the Milky Way galaxy.
They are formed into large Hive Fleets, collections of gigantic organic spaceships that can birth smaller creatures to fight on planets.
The Tyranids are united and controlled by the Hive Mind, a psychic, intelligent consciousness that directs their actions.
The Tyranids have been seen as instinctive by other factions in the galaxy, but they are slowly realising the Hive Mind is smarter than a mere insect.
So far three main Hive Fleets have entered the galaxy (Behemoth, Kraken and Leviathan), but there are many smaller fleets formed from splinters of these main fleets.
The Tyranids do not use any technology, relying instead on symbiotic organisms; for example, a Tyranid "gun" is actually a separate organism that can spit acid, give birth to flesh-eating beetles or project hardened spikes of bone.
One challenge in fighting the Tyranids is the "Shadow in the Warp", and effect of the Hive Mind that dampens psychic powers, interstellar travel and communications.
The Hive Mind is driven by eternal hunger, meaning the Tyranids only goal is to consume all organic material in the galaxy before moving on.
When Tyranids attack a planet they consume all life, drink the oceans and suck up the atmosphere, leaving only airless rocks behind.
The Hive Mind is capable of rapid evolution and is able to absorb the DNA of enemies they consume, meaning they are a constantly changing threat.
Genestealer Cults
Genestealers are an important Tyranid lifeform, who travel far ahead of the Hive Fleets to prepare worlds for invasion.
Genestealers land on a planet and infect it's inhabitants, slowly building a "Genestealer Cult" that destabilizes any resistance to the approaching Hive Fleet.
Infected members of the cult believe the approaching Tyranids are their salvation, but they are instead attacked and consumed like any other lifeform.
T'au Empire
The T'au are a small and very young race, only a few thousand years old.
They are very technologically gifted, with lots of scientists and engineers.
The T'au are formed into four major Castes: Fire (warriors), Earth (scientists, engineers, farmers), Water (traders, bureaucrats, diplomats) and Air (pilots, spaceship pilots).
A fifth leader caste, the Ethereals, control the rest of the T'au via some unknown method (possibly pheromones).
The T'au believe in the "Greater Good", a philosophy where they all work together to build a more successful, easier future.
The T'au do not have any psychic abilities and have very little psychic presence within the Warp, making them largely immune to Chaos.
Instead of these abilities, the T'au use their powerful technology to compete with the larger factions.
One feature of the T'au is their willingness to work with or subsume other races instead of fighting them, leading to a big variety of units they can deploy.
The T'au prefer to fight at long-range, and rely on other races to fight in close combat.
Allied/Subsumed races
The T'au work with many other races, the most major of which are as follows:
Kroot: A humanoid race that may have original been bird-like.
The Kroot are able to direct their own evolution, leading to many sub-species such as the dog-like Kroot Hound or the ox-like Krootox.
The Kroot are known to work as mercenaries for other factions, not just the T'au.
They are used in close combat due to their fast movements and excellent hand-to-hand skills.
Demiurg: A space of short, squat, space-based miners and traders.
Vespid: An winged, insect-like race that did not initially want to ally with the T'au.
The Ethereals provided them with "communication headsets" that mysteriously made them compliant and co-operative.
They operate in war as scouts and rapid-reaction troops.
Nicassar: A highly psychic race in hiding from the Imperium, the Nicassar allied with the T'au for protection.
They have fast, maneuverable ships that help the T'au explore new star systems.
Gue'vesa (humans): The Gue'vesa are humans that have either been convinced to join the T'au Empire by the Water Caste, or who have been captured during wars between the T'au and the Imperium.
They are given a relatively high degree of freedom by the T'au, and work together in combat to make up for each other's weaknesses.
A key feature of Warhammer 40k is the assembly and painting of the miniatures and terrain.
Model kits are made from either plastic or resin, and can often be assembled with a variety of options (poses, weapons, equipment, etc).
Models are then painted in the colours of the player's choice, which can either match a faction in the setting or be a custom creation.
Players also assemble or make terrain, to place on the tabletop to create a battlefield.
Some people do not play the game at all but like the models, so are interested in 40k only for the modelling aspect.
Others are keen on coming up with the best armies and strategies, and compete with one another in tournaments.
Supporting games
There are many supporting games that use the 40k setting, usually with some or all of the major factions listed above.
These games may sometimes re-use the models and statistics of the main game, or may instead have unique models and rules.
Battlefleet Gothic: Spaceship combat, the future equivalent of naval warfare.
Aeronautica Imperialis: Aerial dogfighting between aircraft.
Adeptus Titanicus: Fights between giant mechs.
Kill Team: Combat between very small teams of models (typically 5-15 each), representing special forces operations.
Necromunda: Combat between various gangs in the seedy underworld of a single, large human city called a "Hive".
Horus Heresy: Battles mainly between Space Marines, set during a large human civil war.
http://uk.games-workshop.com/default.aspx
no:Games Workshop#Warhammer 40,000
Hefenhofen is a municipality of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Herdern is a municipality of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in  Switzerland.
Homburg is a municipality of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in  Switzerland.
Termen is a municipality of the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Zwischbergen is a municipality of the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Goldminen Gondo
It had tiny horns behind its eyes and its arms were a bit longer than those of T. rex.
It may have been an ancestor of Tyrannosaurus.
This bipedal meat-eater lived in marshes by streams in what is now Alberta, Canada, during the Upper Cretaceous period, 76-72 million years ago.
It may have preyed upon Triceratops.
It was named by D.A. Russell in 1970.
The type species is D. torosus.
It is possible to buy an original skeleton legally.
Dinosaur sanctuary.
Events of 1447
March 6 – Pope Nicholas V succeeds Pope Eugene IV as the 208th pope.
December – Vlad II Dracul, ruler of Wallachia and his eldest son Mircea are assassinated.
Vladislav II succeeds him with the assistance of John Hunyadi.
December 9 – Chenghua Emperor of China (died 1487)
Piero Capponi, Italian soldier. (
died 1496)
Philippe de Commines, Flemish historian (died 1511)
Catherine of Genoa, woman mystic (died 1510)
Giovanni Antonio Amadeo, Italian sculptor (died 1522)
Bayezid II, Ottoman Sultan (died 1512)
Pope Eugene IV (born 1383)
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (born 1390)
March 12 – Shah Rukh, ruler of Persia and Transoxonia (born 1377)
April 11 – Henry Cardinal Beaufort, Lord Chancellor of England (born 1377)
August 13 – Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (born 1392)
December – Vlad II Dracul, Prince of Wallachia
John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter (born 1395)
February 18 – The Livonian Brothers of the Sword are defeated by Dovmont of Pskov in the Battle of Rakovor.
October 29 – Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily, a political rival and ally to the hostile Roman Catholic church.
King Stephen V of Hungary launches a war against Bulgaria.
The county of Wernigerode become a vassal state of the margrave of Brandenburg.
The House of Bourbon first rises to prominence with the marriage of Robert, Count of Clermont to King Louis IX of France's daughter, Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress to the lordship of Bourbon.
New election procedures for the election of the doge are established in Venice in order to reduce the influence of powerful individual families.
Pope Clement IV dies; the following papal election fails to choose a new pope for almost three years, precipitating the later creation of stringent rules governing the electoral procedures.
Nicola Pisano completes the famous octagonal Gothic-style pulpit at the Duomo di Siena.
The carnival in Venice is first recorded.
In France, the use of hops as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of beer is made compulsory.
In Slovakia, Guta was founded (currently Kolárovo).
May 18 – The Principality of Antioch, a crusader state, falls to the Mamluk Sultan Baibars in the Battle of Antioch; Baibars' destruction of the city of Antioch was so great as to permanently negate the city's importance.
The Battle of Xiangyang, a six-year battle between the Chinese Song Dynasty and the Mongol forces of Kublai Khan, begins in what is today Hubei.
An earthquake in Cilicia kills about 60,000 people.
Mahaut of Artois (died 1327)
Emperor Duanzong of China (died 1278)
Philip IV of France (died 1314)
October 29 – Conradin, Duke of Swabia (executed) (born 1252)
October 29 – Frederick I, Margrave of Baden (executed) (born 1249)
November 29 – Pope Clement IV
December 9 – Vaisvilkas, Prince of Black Ruthenia
Barral of Baux, Grand Justiciar of Sicily
Henry de Bracton, English jurist
Peter II of Savoy (born 1203)
Mitte was the most central locality of Berlin (Mitte is German for centre).
It was set up in 1920, when Groß-Berlin was set up, and in 2001 it was joined with Wedding and Tiergarten to make a new borough called Bezirk Mitte.
Mitte was in East Berlin, and had a lot of Berlin's historic sites.
The Pergamon Museum, Unter den Linden and the Brandenburg Gate were in Mitte.
In 2001 Mitte was joined with two boroughs from West Berlin.
This helped to break down the idea of a divided city, and put the important tourist centre of Berlin under one local government.
Berlin-Mitte
Groß-Berlin or Greater Berlin was created by an act of the Prussian parliament made on 27 April 1920.
The act was called the Greater Berlin Act () for short.
Its full name was the "Law Regarding the Reconstruction of the New Local Authority of Berlin" ().
The act said that on 1 October 1920 Greater Berlin should be taken away from the Province of Brandenburg and become a new district.
The city of Berlin (Alt-Berlin);
7 towns that surrounded Berlin:
Köpenick,
Lichtenberg,
Neukölln,
Schöneberg,
Spandau and
Wilmersdorf;
59 rural areas and 27 estate districts from the surrounding districts of Niederbarnim, Osthavelland and Teltow;
and the grounds of the Berliner Stadtschloss (the Royal Palace) which had formed an estate district in its own right.
The new Berlin was 13 times bigger than the old.
Its area went from  to  and the population doubled from approximately 1.9 million to near 4 million, with almost 1.2 million of these new inhabitants coming from the 7 surrounding towns alone.
Groß-Berlin was divided into 20 boroughs (Verwaltungsbezirke):
from Alt-Berlin:
Mitte,
Tiergarten,
Wedding,
Prenzlauer Berg,
Kreuzberg and
Friedrichshain;
one borough for each of the 7 previously-independent towns:
7 new boroughs named after the largest village in the old areas:
Pankow,
Reinickendorf,
Steglitz,
Tempelhof,
Treptow,
Weißensee and
Apart from minor changes, the city boundary defined in the law is the same as today, except for some changes made during the time of the Berlin Wall.
During the 1970s and 1980s three new boroughs were made in East Berlin when other boroughs were split up.
text of the law (in German)
A pardon is a decision that absolves a convicted person of a criminal conviction.
A pardon may be full or partial:
A full pardon removes all of the consequences of conviction.
A partial pardon does not fully absolve a person of the conviction.
For example, a partial pardon may not set aside a finding of guilt, or may not fully restore the rights of the person who received the pardon.
Pardons are sometimes given to people who are wrongly convicted.
In that case, the person is cleared of that conviction, as if never convicted.
The practice varies greatly between countries.
In the United States a pardon for a federal conviction may be granted by the President, while pardons for state convictions may be granted by state governors.
Medellín is a village in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain.
It is notable as the birthplace of Hernán Cortés in 1485 and the site of the Battle of Medellín, during the Peninsular War.
The city was named after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius who founded it as a military base for his operations in western Iberia.
It was originally called Metellinum.
Official website of Medellín
Sean Watkins (b. February 18, 1977) is an American guitarist.
He is best known as a member of the Californian acoustic trio Nickel Creek.
Let It Fall (2001)
26 Miles (2003)
Blinders On (2006)
Sara Watkins (June 8, 1981) is an American violinist.
She is most famous as a member of Californian bluegrass band Nickel Creek.
Untitled (2009)
Elara  is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter.
It was found by  Charles Dillon Perrine at Lick Observatory in 1905 and is named after the mother by Zeus of the giant Tityus.
Elara did not get its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as .
It was sometimes called "Hera" between 1955 and 1975.
Elara belongs to the Himalia group, five moons orbiting between 11,000,000 and 13,000,000 km from Jupiter at an inclination of about 27.5°.
New Horizons encounter
Elara Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
A crochet hook is a tool used for making crochet fabric.
The hook at the end is used to grab yarn.
The tool also has a flat part for fingers to hold during work.