the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Fish and copra are the country's major exports, and cotton goods, motor vehicles, meats, and sugar are the major imports.
Apia () is on a natural dock at the mouth of the Vaisigano River.
It is on a narrow coastal plain with Mount Vaea (height 472 m) directly to its south.
Two main ridges run south on either side of the Vaisigano River, with roads on each sides.
The more western of these is Cross Island Road, the fewer roads crossing to the south coast of Upolu.
Mulinu'u, the old capital, is the location of the Parliament House (Fale Fono) and the historic observatory, which is now the meteorology office.
In 1983, the Apia Samoa Temple was built here by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Funafuti is the capital of the small island nation of Tuvalu.
It has a population of 4,492 (2002), making it the most populated atoll in this country.
It is a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 meters wide.
There is an airstrip, hotel (Vaiaku Langi Hotel), and administrative buildings, as well as homes, constructed both in the traditional manner, out of palm fronds, and more recently out of cement blocks.
The most prominent building on Funafuti atoll is the Church of Tuvalu.
Other sites of interest are the remains of American aircraft that crashed on Funafuti during World War II, when the airstrip was used by the American forces to defend the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati).
The United States claimed Funafuti until a treaty of friendship was concluded in the late 70's or early 80's.
The largest island is Fongafale.
On this island, there are four villages, of which one is Vaiaku, where the government is.
The capital of Tuvalu is sometimes given as Fongafale or Vaiaku, but the entire atoll of Funafuti is actually the capital.
Islands in Funafuti
There are at least 33 islands in the atoll.
The biggest is Fongafale, followed by Funafala.
At least three islands are inhabited, which are Fongafale, Funafala and Motuloa.
Amatuku
Avalau
Falaoigo
Fale Fatu (or Falefatu)
Fatato
Fongafale
Fuafatu
Fuagea
Fualefeke (or Fualifeke)
Fualopa
Funafala
Funamanu
Luamotu
Mateika
Motugie
Motuloa
Mulitefala
Nukvalevale
Papa Elise (or Funangongo)
Pukasavilivili
Te Afuafou
Te Afualiku
Tefala
Telele
Tengako (peninsula of the island of Fongafale)
Tengasu
Tepuka
Tepuka Vili Vili
Tutanga
Vasafua
And at least 5 other islands
Bays and streets in Funafuti
Te Ava Pua Pua
Te Ava Tepuka Vili
TeNamo Lagoon
The lagoon surrounded by the atoll is TeNamo.
It has a vertical length of more than 20 km.
Cantonese is an East Asian language which comes from Canton, southern China.
Often, people use the word 'Cantonese' to refer to the Guangzhou dialect, Hong Kong dialect, Xiguan dialect, Wuzhou dialect and Tanka dialect of Yue.
However, linguists prefer to keep the name 'Cantonese' for the Yue dialect of Guangzhou (Canton) and Hong Kong.
Using this classification, Cantonese is the prestige dialect of Yue.
Cantonese is spoken by people in Southern China, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia and Singapore, as well as places with many overseas Chinese who came from Cantonese-speaking parts of China, such as Melbourne.
It is also the most common language of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and North America.
It is said that over 100,000,000 people speak Cantonese.
It is a tonal language with 6 kinds of tones.
While Cantonese is only the third most spoken dialect of Chinese, only behind Mandarin and Wu, its official status in Hong Kong and Macau make it widely known among other Chinese dialects.
Even though Cantonese is called a dialect of Chinese, Cantonese is so different from Mandarin, the most spoken dialect of Chinese, that they are mutually unintelligible, meaning that speakers of one language cannot understand the other language without learning it beforehand.
It is said that Cantonese is more closely related to Classical Chinese than Mandarin.
Hong Kong and Macau
In Hong Kong, the official languages are English and Chinese, according to the Basic Law of Hong Kong.
The vagueness of listing Chinese as the official language allows for the wide use of Cantonese, as it is called a dialect of Chinese.
In Hong Kong, many people speak Cantonese instead of Mandarin, and some may even get offended if you speak Mandarin.
Most schools in Hong Kong teach in Cantonese, rather than the language that they speak in Mainland China.
In Macau, the majority speak Cantonese and it is also the official language with the other being Portuguese.
But here the people speak lots of other languages as it is popular with tourists because of its casinos.
Languages of China
Different skirts have been worn in many different cultures at different times.
There are skirts that are clothing for women, for men, or for both.
In modern Western / European culture skirts are usually worn by women.
An exception is the kilt and the fustanella, which are traditional skirts for men that are still worn today.
A skirt made out of straw from 3.900 BC was found in Armenia.
In ancient Egypt, men and women have worn skirts.
In the Bronze Age, the people in the South of West and Central Europe used clothes that go around the body like dresses.
In Northen Europe, people wore skirts and blouses.
In the Middle Ages, men and women also used clothes like dresses.
The bottom part of the dress for men were shorter than the dresses that women wore.
Today, skirts are still used by men and women.
Such skirts are the lungi, lehnga, kanga, sarong which is used in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
The kilt is used in Scotland and Ireland.
In the 1900s, the dresses worn by Western women had more types than other years.
The waistline of the dresses moved from under the breasts to the natural waist.
Skirts were narrow at first, but they slowly became wider, particularly in the 1860s.
The "rainy daisy" skirt came in the 1980s, where the bottom of the skirt stopped touching the floor.
This would give idea to the modern skirts with shorter lengths.
In the 1920s, short skirts had become famous.
The longer skirts came back in 1930, before shorter skirts were used in war times because there were limits on fabric.
Types of skirts
An A-line skirt is a skirt which looks like the letter A. It is wider at the bottom.
A bell-shaped skirt looks like a bell.
It becomes wider nearer to the top.
A circle skirt is a skirt made by cutting a circle in the middle of fabric for the waist of the person.
Culottes are a pair of shorts, but looks like a skirt.
Full skirts are skirts with much fabric in the waist part.
Gored skirts are fit at the waistline.
They become wider at the bottom.
An inverted pleated skirt is a skirt made by putting together two parts of fabric in the middle of the skirt, at the front or the back.
A pleated skirt is a skirt with folds in the waist part called pleats, which make it narrow at the top.
Short skirts are skirts that end above the knee.
A pencil skirt, or a straight skirt, is a skirt that is tight and near to the body.
There may be a cut because it can be hard to walk in.
An underskirt is a skirt that is put under a different skirt, called an overskirt, or drapery.
A wrap skirt is a skirt that goes around the waist.
Fashions
Ballerina skirts are a wide skirt used in the 1950s.
A broomstick skirt has many pleats (folds) made by twisting the skirt while it was wet.
A bubble skirt, tulip skirt, or balloon skirt, is a skirt that looks like a bubble or because the bottom part is folded into the back.
A cargo skirt has loops for wearing a belt, and many large pockets.
A crinoline is a skirt held up by hoops or petticoats.
A dirndl is a traditional Bavarian-Austrian style skirt, made out of straight material held together at the waist.
Denim skirts are skirts made out of denim, which can be made to seem like jeans.
A godet skirt is a skirt with triangular pieces of fabric put up from the hem to increase the wideness.
A hobble skirt is a long skirt which is so tight that it causes the person wearing it to have difficulty in walking, the person hobbles.
A kilt is a skirt with aprons in front and folds at the back.
A leather skirt is a skirt made using leather.
Lehenga, a long skirt with folds.
It often has embroidery.
It is used as the bottom part of the Gagra choli, a traditional blouse in North India and Pakistan.
Maxi skirts are skirts that end at the ankle, used in the 1960s against the miniskirt.
Micromini skirts are extremely short skirts.
A midi skirt ends between the ankle and knee, at the calf.
Mini-crini, a smaller version of the crinoline, which is a steel hoop used to hold up a skirt.
Poodle skirt, a circle skirt showing a poodle for decoration.
Puffball skirts are skirts which are held at the bottom to create a round look.
Rah-rah skirts are short skirts with many levels of fabric.
A sarong is a square or rectangular piece of fabric worn around the body.
A scooter skirt or a skort is a skirt which has a shorts joined.
It can also be shorts with a piece of fabric joined in front to make it look like a skirt.
Skater skirts are skirts which have a waist that is higher.
The bottom ends on top of the knee.
It is often made out of light fabric to make it look like skirts of a figure skater.
A squaw dress is made out of one or two parts.
It is based on Native American clothing and is popular in the 1940s and 1950s.
A swing skirt is tight at the hips but wide at the bottom.
A T-skirt is a skirt made from a T-shirt.
Tiered skirts are made out of several levels, and each level gets more wide than the one above it.
A prairie skirt has one or more than one levels.
A trouser skirt is a straight skirt which has a top part that looks like men's trousers.
Lengths of skirts
Miniskirt
Kaohsiung County (Chinese:高雄縣; POJ: Ko-hiông-kōan) is a county in southern Taiwan administered as part of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China.
It contains Kaohsiung City.
Red blood cells (also known as RBCs, red blood corpuscles or erythrocytes) are cells in the blood which transport oxygen.
In women, there are about 4.8 million red blood cells per microliter of blood.
In men, there are 5.4 million red blood cells per microliter of blood.
Red blood cells are red because they have hemoglobin in them.
The most important function of red blood cells is the transport of oxygen (O2) to the tissues.
The hemoglobin absorbs oxygen in the lungs.
Then it travels through blood vessels and brings oxygen to all other cells via the heart.
The blood cells go through the lungs (to collect oxygen), through the heart (to give all cells oxygen).
They go back to the heart to be re-pumped to the lungs (to again collect oxygen), so the blood in your body travels in a double circuit, going through your heart twice before it completes one full circulation of the body.
Red blood cells are doughnut-shaped, but without the hole.
This shape is called a bi-concave disc.
However, hereditary diseases such as sickle-cell disease can cause them to change shapes and stop blood flow in capillaries and veins.
Plasma is got from whole blood.
To prevent clotting, an anticoagulant (such as citrate) is added to the blood immediately after it is taken.
Mammalian RBCs are unique in that they have no cell nucleus in their mature form.
These cells have nuclei during development, but push them out as they mature.
This gives more space for haemoglobin.
Mammalian RBCs also lose all other cellular organelles such as their mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum.
All other vertebrates have nucleated red blood cells.
As a result of not having mitochondria, the cells use none of the oxygen they carry.
Instead they produce the energy carrier ATP.
Because they lack nuclei and organelles, mature red blood cells do not contain DNA and cannot synthesize any RNA.
They cannot divide, and have limited repair capabilities.
This also makes sure no virus can target mammalian red blood cells.
Transport of CO2 in the blood
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried in blood in three different ways.
The exact percentages vary depending whether it is arterial or venous blood.
Most of it (about 68% to 83%) is converted to bicarbonate ions  by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells.
by the reaction CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 → H+ + .
5% – 10% is dissolved in the blood plasma.
5% – 10% is bound to haemoglobin as carbamino compounds.
Chișinău (IPA /ki.ʃi.
'nəu/), formerly known as Kishinev, is the capital city and industrial and commercial center of the Moldova.
It is also largest city of Moldova.
It is in the center of the country, on the river Bîc.
The city is in the middle of the central area of Moldova.
It is divided into five administrative districts.
Centru (Чентру/Центр)
Rîşcani (Рышкань/Рышкановка)
Botanica (Ботаника)
Ciocana (Чокана)
Buiucani (Буюкань/Боюканы)
Chișinău was founded in 1436 as a monastery town.
The city was part of the Moldavian Principality, which, starting with the 16th century fell under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
At the beginning of the 19th century it was a small village of 7,000 people.
In 1812 it was occupied by Russia, who made it the centre of Bessarabia.
By 1862, there were 92,000 people.
By 1900, there were 125,787.
The First World War Period
Following the Russian October Revolution the country declared independence from the fallen empire, before joining the Kingdom of Romania.
With Moldova only autonomous in the new state, Chișinău lost its title as Capital and moved into the background.
Between 1918 and 1940 the center of the city undertook large renovation work.
In 1927 a monument to the famous prince Stephen III of Moldavia, by the artist Alexandru Plămădeală was erected.
In the chaos of the Second World War Chișinău was nearly completely destroyed.
This began with the Soviet occupation led by the Red Army from 28 June 1940.
As the city began to recover from the takeover, a devastating earthquake occurred on 10 November 1940.
The epicenter of the quake, which measured 7.3 on the Richter scale, was in eastern Romania and subsequently led to substantial destruction in the city.
After scarcely one year the assault of modern-day Moldova by the German army began.
From July 1941 the city suffered from large-scale shooting and heavy bombardments by Nazi air raids.
The Red Army resistance held until Chișinău finally fell on 17 July 1941.
Following the occupation the city suffered from the characteristic mass murder of predominantly Jewish inhabitants.
As had been seen elsewhere in Europe, the dwindling followers of Judaism were transported on trucks to the outskirts of the city.
There they were then shot in partially dug pits.
The number of Jews murdered during the occupation of the city is estimated at about 10,000 people.
As the War drew to a conclusion the former capital was pulled once more into heavy fighting as German troops retreated.
After nearly six months of fighting Chișinău finally fell on 24 August 1944 to the Red Army.
By this point the city had lost 70% of its buildings and constructions - the earthquake of 1940 and the air raids contributing to the largest part of this.
After the war the head of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, claimed the area around Bessarabien, to be in his own nation's sphere of influence.
With the war completed, Stalin reorangised the political landscape of Eastern Europe, giving nominal independence to Romania and incorporating Moldova into the USSR.
Thus Chișinău was once more made capital of the now 'autonomous' republic.
The beginning of the 1950s saw a rapid increase in the number of people, with which the Soviets responded by constructing large-scale housing and palaces in the style of Stalinist architecture.
This process continued under Nikita Khrushchev, who called for construction under the slogan "good, cheaper and built faster".
The new architectural style brought about dramatic change and generated the style that dominates today, with large blocks of flats arranged in considerable settlements.
Chișinău is governed by the City Council and the City Mayor, both elected once every four years.
The current mayor is Dorin Chirtoacă.
Ursu is the former vice-mayor, between August 1994 and April 2005 was Serafim Urechean.
Under the Moldovan constitution, Urechean - elected to parliament in 2005 - was prevented from holding an additional post to that of an MP.
The Democratic Moldova Bloc leader accepted his mandate and in April resigned from his former position.
During his 11-year term, Urechean committed himself to the restoration of the church tower of the Catedrala Naşterea Domnului, as well as improvements in public transport.
From 1994, Chișinău saw the construction and launch of new trolley bus lines.
Chișinău is the most economically-developed and industrialised city in Moldova.
Chișinău is a major industrial and services centre; its main industries include consumer and electrical goods, building materials, machinery, plastics, rubber, and textiles.
The main service fields are banking and shopping/commerce.
The city has thirty-six universities, and the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city has become a relatively lively and well-provisioned capital, with a much higher standard of living than most rural areas.
Moldovan - 68.4%
Russian - 13.7%
Ukrainian - 8.4%
Romanian - 4.4%
Bulgarian - 1.2%
Gagauzian - 0.9%
Others - 2.9%
Avigdor Lieberman (b. 1958), Israeli politician
Lewis Milestone (1895-1980), American movie director
Official site of Chișinău (in Romanian only)
Kishinef(Kishinev), by Rosenthal, Herman & Rosenthal, Max, in the Jewish Encyclopedia (1901-1906)
Chișinău Interactive Map: find addresses, streets, and places
Cities in Moldova
1436 establishments
1430s establishments in Europe
Jöns Jakob Berzelius (20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848) was a Swedish chemist.
He invented the modern chemical notation.
Berzelius, John Dalton and Antoine Lavoisier are said to be the fathers of modern chemistry.
Berzelius was born in Linköping in Östergötland in Sweden.
He graduated from Uppsala University as a physician.
He became a professor in medicine and surgery at the Stockholm School of Surgery in 1807.
In 1810, this became part of Medico-Chirurgiska Institutet (later the Karolinska Institute) and Berzelius became a professor of chemistry and pharmacy.
Not long after going to Stockholm, Berzelius wrote a chemistry textbook for his medical students.
While doing experiments for the textbook, he found that inorganic compounds are made of different elements in proportion by weight.
Based on this, in 1828, he created a table of relative atomic weights.
On this table, oxygen was set to 100.
The table had all of the elements known at the time.
This work gave evidence of the atomic hypothesis that
In order to help his experiments, Berzelius created a system of chemical notation.
In this notation, the elements were given simple written labels, for example, O for oxygen, or Fe for iron.
The proportions of the elements was shown by numbers.
This is the same basic system used today.
The only difference is that instead of the subscript number used today (for example, H2O), Berzelius used a superscript.
Berzelius found the chemical elements silicon, selenium, thorium, and cerium.
Students working in Berzelius laboratory also found lithium and vanadium.
Berzelius was the first person to show the difference between organic compounds (those made with carbon), and inorganic compounds.
He helped Gerhardus Johannes Mulder in his analysis of organic compounds such as coffee, tea and many proteins.
The term "protein" itself was created by Berzelius, after Mulder noticed that all proteins seemed to have the same formula and might be made of a single type of a (very large) molecule.
Berzelius wrote a great deal.
He helped many leading scientists (such as Mulder, Claude Louis Berthollet, Humphry Davy, Friedrich Wöhler and Eilhard Mitscherlich), and many less-notable scientists.
Summary of achievements
Law of definte proportions
Discovered chemical elements
Recognised organic compounds; named proteins.
Crosland M.P. 1962.
Historical studies in the language of chemistry.
Chapter 4: The symbols of Berzelius.
von Meyer, Ernst 1906.
A history of chemistry from the earliest times to the present day.
p212 et seq: Berzelius: a survey of his work.
Partington J.R. 1964 History of chemistry, vol 4.
London: Macmillan; pp.
142–77.
Leicester, Henry 1970–80.
Berzelius, Jöns Jacob.
In Dictionary of scientific biography, vol 2, p90–97.
New York: Scribners.
ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9
Swedish chemists
Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are large Y-shaped proteins that can stick to the surface of bacteria and viruses.
They are found in the blood or other body fluids of vertebrates.
Antibodies are the key element in the adaptive immune system.
The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target called an antigen.
Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a structure (like a lock) that fits one particular key-like structure on an antigen.
This binds the two structures together.
Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly.
The production of antibodies is the main function of humoral immunity.
Each antibody is different.
They are all designed to attack only one kind of antigen (in practice, this means virus or bacteria).
For instance, an antibody designed to destroy smallpox is unable to hit the bubonic plague or the common cold.
Though the general structure of all antibodies is very similar, that small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable.
This allows millions of antibodies with different tip structures to exist.
This enormous diversity of antibodies allows the immune system to recognize an equally wide variety of antigens.
Immunoglobulin diversity
Basic issue
Although a huge variety of different antibodies is made in a single individual, the number of genes available to make these proteins is limited by the size of the genome.
There are a vast number of microbe strains, and so vertebrates need millions of different antibodies.
Actually, humans generate about 10 billion different antibodies, each capable of binding a distinct antigen site.
This must be done with a very much smaller number of genes: the total human genome has only about 20,000 genes.
Several complex genetic mechanisms have evolved.
These allow vertebrate B cells to generate a huge pool of antibodies from a relatively small number of antibody genes.
The full details are not presented here, just a summary.
The variety of antibodies is got by combining segments from a pool of genes in many different ways.
Then, hyper-mutations occur in the binding site area of the antibody gene.
This creates further diversity.
Heavy chains
Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily; the terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably.
Antibodies are typically made of basic structural units—each with two large heavy chains and two small light chains.
There are several different types of antibody heavy chains, and several different kinds of antibodies, which are grouped into different isotypes based on which heavy chain they possess.
Five different antibody isotypes are known in mammals.
They  help direct the appropriate immune response for each different type of foreign object they encounter.
Variable tips
Though the general structure of all antibodies is very similar,  a small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable, allowing millions of antibodies with slightly different tip structures, or antigen binding sites, to exist.
This region is known as the hypervariable region.
The large and diverse population of antibodies is generated by random combinations of a set of gene segments that encode different antigen binding sites (or paratopes), followed by random mutations in this area of the antibody gene, which create further diversity.
Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called class switching, which allows a single antibody to be used by several different parts of the immune system.
Animated depictions of how antibodies are used in ELISA  and ELISPOT  assays
They are the most successful living amphibia, judged by number of species.
There are about 7400 different species of amphibians, and about 6500 are in the Anura.
They often live in semi-aquatic or humid areas.
The warty skin of toads is an adaptation for making their toxic slime.
The distinction has no taxonomic basis: the Anura are not divided into frogs and toads.
The only family exclusively given the common name "toad" is the Bufonidae (the "true toads"), but many species from other families are also called "toads".
Frogs have smooth (soft) skin, while toads have rough (hard) skin.
Frogs need their skin to be wet in order for them to get oxygen.p6 Frogs and toads have broad heads and plump bodies.<ref name=G>Grenard, Steve 2007.
Frogs and toads: your happy healthy pet.
Wiley.
</ref>p6 They have short fore limbs and long webbed hind feet.
This helps them to move and swim in water.
They can also use their legs to crawl, hop and leap.
Frogs are good jumpers, and some can leap up to six feet in the air.
Tree frogs can climb on any surfaces, they use their sticky hands to do this.
The tympanum membrane can only be seen on frogs.
The tympanum membrane can be found between the frog's ears and eyes.
Frogs have tiny teeth inside their mouths.
They are found on the lower jaw.p6 The African bullfrog is the only species where the males are longer than the females.p6 Males can reach up to 9½-10 inches in length, while the female only grows up to 4½ inches.
Frogs belonging to the suborder Neobatrachia, such as the poison dart frogs and Mantellinae frogs, can kill humans.
Like most poisonous animals, they get their toxin from their food.p8
Most frogs and toads lives near slow moving waters like rivers, swamps, lakes and ponds.p22 Others such as tree frogs and poison dart frogs lives in forests.
Frogs and toads can be found almost everywhere except Antarctica.p4 Frogs and toads squeak or make calls when they are touched or feel threatened.p24 They also make those sounds to communicate with others in their habitat.
They make these sounds by expanding their throats with air and letting the air go out.
Male bullfrogs will roar while mating with a female.
Most frogs and toads are territorial.
This means that they go to battle when an animal of their own kind gets close to where they live.
They will jump, wrestle and even chase any animal away.
They do this to also attract females to their territory.
Females  choose a territory where there is enough food for her to eat and if there is a lot of water to swim and lay her eggs.p223
Toads spend most of their time on land, while frogs spend most of their time in the water.p6 Tailed frogs looks similar to toads because of their hard skin.
A tailed frogs "tail" is really an organ they use to release sperm in fast-moving waters.
They are the only frogs with this organ.p199 The genus Eleutherodactylus'' are terrestrial frogs.
This means that they lay eggs on land.
Spadefoot toads make crying sounds during a rainstorm.
There are over 400 species of "true" toads, the Bufonidae.
The marine toads are the only toads which live in Australia, where they were introduced by people.
True toads have poison parotoid glands that can paralyze or even kill dogs.
However, some other animals eat true toads without ill effects.
Toad poisons are secreted by warts.
Touching them is not harmful to humans.p202
There are over 400 species of tree frogs, many of which can change the color of their skin.p220 Tree frogs have sticky feet, which helps them to climb and hang on to the big leaves. "
True frogs", the Ranidae, are found in every continent except Antarctica.
The family has over 700 species.p224  The feet of burrowing frogs feet help them to dig.
Noel Ernest Edmonds (born 22 December 1948) is an English television presenter.
He is best known for hosting the television programmes Noel's House Party and Deal or No Deal.
Edmonds is host of a game show called Are You Smarter Than A Ten Year Old (the British version of Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?).
He was a DJ on BBC Radio 1 throughout the 1970s.
Edmonds also presented Swap Shop.
Edmonds was married to Gillian Slater in 1971.
The marriage ended in divorce after eleven years.
In July 1986, he married Helen Soby.
They have four daughters: Charlotte, Lorna, Olivia and Alice.
The couple bought an  estate at Jacobstowe, near Okehampton, Devon as a family home.
In 2004, he and Soby divorced.
There was much tabloid publicity because of her extramarital affair.
On July 23, 2009 Edmonds married his third wife, Liz Davies.
She was a make-up artist on the programme Deal or No Deal.
As a result of his success on Deal or No Deal, Edmonds purchased a new home in Devon, a £1.7 million Grade-II manor house.
Edmonds was one of the trio Brown Sauce, along with Maggie Philbin and Keith Chegwin.
They released the single "I Wanna Be a Winner" in 1981.
It reached number 15 in the UK singles chart.
British game show hosts
People from Ilford
Quizmania was a quiz television show on ITV Play.
Viewers at home phoned in to guess answers to questions to win money.
Quizmania was on ITV from 2005-2007.
It has been online since 2008.
Debbie King
Lee Baldry
Nigel Mitchell
Chuck Thomas
Lottie Mayor
Tim Lichfield
Stuart Headlam
Kirsty Duffy
Lee Clark
2005 British television series debuts
Davina Lucy Pascale McCall (born 16 October 1967) is an English television presenter.
She was born in London to a French mother and British father.
She is best known for having presented the UK version of Big Brother through its time on Channel 4 (2000–2010).
She is the presenter of quiz show ''The Million Pound Drop Live.
The real mcCall
Profile Davina McCall
Channel 4 presenters
ITV presenters
The Artiodactyla are even-toed ungulates, an order of mammals.
They have an even number of toes: two or four.
For example, camelids or animals of the Giraffidae family have two toes, but hippopotami have four toes.
The ruminants (Ruminantia and Tylopoda) ruminate their food—they regurgitate and re-chew it.
This is a very important evolutionary advance.
Their stomachs are divided into three to four sections.
After eating, the food re-enters the mouth, where it is chewed again.
The food passes to the "fermentation chamber" (rumen and reticulum), where it is kept in continual motion by rhythmic contractions.
Microbes (bacteria, protozoa, and fungi) produce cellulase.
The cellulase breaks down the cellulose found in plant material.
This form of digestion has two advantages: ruminants can digest plants that are indigestible to other species, and they can take less time in eating.
The animal spends only a short time out in the open with his head to the ground—rumination can happen later, in a sheltered area.
Suborder Suina
Family Suidae
Family Tayassuidae
Family Hippopotamidae
Subfamily Maiaboarinae
Suborder Tylopoda
Family Camelidae
Suborder Ruminantia
Family Tragulidae
Family Moschidae
Family Antilocapridae
Family Bovidae
Their digestive system is more basic than the even-toed ungulates.
A key difference between the two is that odd-toed ungulates digest plant cellulose in their intestines rather than in one or more stomach chambers as the even-toed ungulates do.
Horses, for example, get much less nutrition out of grass than bovines do.
This has the consequence that horses have to stop and feed more often, which in turn makes them more liable to predators.
However, horses are very well-adapted for running, more so than many oxen or other Artiodactyls.
Family Tapiridae
Family Equidae
Condor is the name for two species of New World vultures.
Each is the only species in its genus.
The Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus), which lives over the Andes.
The California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus), now found only on the western coastal mountains of the United States and Mexico.
Condors are part of the family Cathartidae, whereas the 15 species of Old World vultures are in the family Accipitridae, that also includes falcons, hawks, and eagles.
The New World and Old World vultures evolved from different ancestors.
Condors are scavengers.
They feed on carrion (dead animals).
Their distinctive bare heads are an adaptation to their feeding method.
It helps to keep them clean as they feed inside a carcass.
The Andean Condor has a wingspan of between 274 and 310 cm, and weights around 11–15 kg.
The California Condor is smaller.
Fossil record
Fossils from the Pleistocene era have been found in various parts of North America, including New York and Florida.
California Condors or their ancestors once lived on the west coast of North America as well as all the way to the eastern coast.
An ancient relative of the condor, Argentavis magnificens from South America, may have been the largest flying bird ever with a wingspan of .
Andean Condor postage stamps
Californian Condor stamps
bpy:কোনডোর্
Carrion is the carcass of a dead animal.
There are several kinds of animal that feed on such meat, such as vultures, hyenas, condors, or Tasmanian Devils.
Carrion is an important source of food for several kinds of carnivores and omnivores.
The Carrion beetles also feed on it.
Some plants fake the smell of carrion (they smell like carrion), so that they will attract insects they eat.
Predators do not normally feed on carrion- they hunt and kill the animals they eat.
Geographic coordinates: 105°17'-110°11' East, 28°10'－32°13' North
Annual average temperature: 18 °C (64 °F)
Temperature range: 0 to 47 °C
Total annual hours of sunshine: 1000-1200
Annual precipitation: 1000–1400 mm
Neighbours: Hubei (east), Hunan (east), Guizhou (south), Sichuan (west), Shaanxi (north)
Hiroshima, Japan
Detroit, Michigan, United States
Chongqing Institute of Technology
Chongqing Medical University
Chongqing Normal University
Chongqing Three Gorges University
Chongqing University (founded in 1929)
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Fuling Teachers College
Sichuan Fine Arts Institute
Sichuan International Studies University
Southwest University of Political Science and Law
Third Military Medical University
Western Chongqing University
Cities in China
4th-century BC establishments
Bologna (Emilian and Romagnol: Bulåggna) is the capital and largest city of Emilia-Romagna in Northern Italy.
It has about 390,000 inhabitants.
Bologna was founded by the Etruscans with the name Felsina (c. 534 BC) and became a Roman colony in 189 BC.
This was the most deadly terrorist attack in the history of Italy.
Bologna has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).
Oviedo () is a city in the North of Spain and capital of the Principality of Asturias.
In 2020 it had 220,406 inhabitants.
Oviedo was founded about 761 A.D. by two monks Maximus and Fromestanus who built a monastery dedicated to Saint Vincent.
King Fruela I (757-768) confirmed the foundation and also built a palace and a cathedral dedicated to Saint Saviour.
King Alfonso II the Chaste (791-842) moved the capital of the kingdom of Asturias to Oviedo in 791.
He enlarged the city with a new cathedral, palaces, churches and city walls.
Examples of these buildings which are still existing are: San Julián de los Prados, (St Julian in the fields), also called Santullano, the head of the church dedicated to San Tirso, (Saint Thyrsus), and the Cámara Santa, (Holy Chamber) which is a chapel which belonged to the palace of the king.
During this period, it was discovered the tomb of the Apostle St James.
The king sponsored and create the St James's Way to Santiago de Compostela in order to improve communications of the city and the kingdom as a way to open them to new ideas and influences from the rest of Europe.
Its known that ambassadors from Charlemagne or Carles the Great visited Oviedo at the beginning of s. IX.
King Ramiro I (842-850) built the most important and brilliant buildings of the Kingdom of Asturias: Santa María del Naranco, (St Mary of Naranco), a hall for the king's rest, and San Miguel de Lillo, (St Michael of Lillo).
These buildings are at the top of the Pre-Romanesque Asturian Art.
King García I (910-914) moved the capital of the kingdom to León in 910.
Since then, the bishops of Oviedo will take the responsibility of the development of the city and also the population and the importance of the city decreased.
Even the St James's Way moved to León and Oviedo was left apart.
Succession of Pope Urban II (1088-1099)
Work begins on the third and largest church at Cluny
Rebellion of 1088 against William II of England lead by Odo of Bayeux.
Mansur ibn Nasir succeeds Nasir ibn Alnas as ruler of the Hammadid dynasty
University of Bologna was founded.
January 6 – Berengar of Tours, French theologian
July 3 – Robert of Rhuddlan, Norman ruler of most of North Wales
Naser Khosrow, Persian theologian
William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, Norman aristocrat
Pieve Ligure is an Italian town in the region of Liguria in the province of Genoa in Italy.
The population in Pieve Ligure is 2,458.
Pieve has a sea and hill environment.
There are no beaches on the coast, but only rocks which people swim and free divew forom.
The wildlife there is very varied from young catfish to octopus.
The highest place of the town is S. Croce (516 m).
The economy is based on agriculture and tourism.
Settlements in Liguria
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death.
Along with Mohamed Naguib, the first President, he led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan, and brought in a new period of change in Egypt.
This change made Egypt a more socialist and modern country.
In 1954 Naquib resigned as President.
Nasser ruled the country, and became President in 1956.
He promoted pan-Arab nationalism, including a union with Syria that did not last very long.
Nasser is seen as one of the most important political figures in modern Arab history and politics.
Under his leadership, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal and a lot of other industries, and became important in stopping imperialism in the Arab World and Africa.
He was also important in starting the Non-Aligned Movement.
Nasser's version of pan-Arabism, which is often called "Nasserism", was very popular in the Arab world during the 1950s and 1960s.
Even after the Israeli victory over the Arab armies in the Six-Day War damaged the way the public saw him, many Arabs still view Nasser as a symbol of Arab dignity and freedom.
Disease-related deaths in Egypt
Storks are a family of birds (Ciconiidae).
They usually live near shallow bodies of water where they wade through the water, and catch small animals, like frogs, crabs, or small fish.
Many species of stork are migratory, they spend the summer and the winter in different places.
There are 19 different species of stork, in six genera.
The marabou stork is the largest species of stork.
The Abdim's stork is the smallest species of stork
Probably the best known stork is the white stork.
It is known to build large nests in high places.
Stork nests are often very large.
They may be used for many years.
Beforehand, people believed storks were monogamous, that they only had one partner in life.
More recent research has shown  that they may change partners.
They are attached to a nest almost as much as to a partner.
The marabou stork, which lives in Africa, has a wingspan of up to 320 cm.
This makes it the largest bird still alive, together with the Andean condor.
There are nineteen species of stork.
Asian woollyneck
Black stork
Black-backed stork
Maguari stork
Milky stork
Oriental stork
Saddle-billed stork
Wood stork
The stork has many legends (stories) about it, as in the Ancient Greek storyteller's Aesop's (6th century BC) The Farmer and the Stork and The Fox and the Stork.
The first fable (short story) begins with a farmer plowing his fields, planting his seeds and spreading his nets.
These nets caught a few cranes who hopped behind him eating the seed.
Along with the cranes in his net the farmer discovered a stork with a broken leg.
The stork begged the farmer to spare his life, saying that he was not a crane, but a stork.
He pointed to his feathers and told the farmer that they didn’t resemble a crane’s feathers at all.
The farmer laughed at the stork and said, “I have taken you with these robbers (thieves), the cranes, and you must die in their company.”
Another common legend is that storks deliver babies  instead of the mothers giving birth.
A wharf is a permanent structure at a lake, a river, or the sea.
It is made so that ships can be loaded and unloaded more easily.
Public houses (better known as pubs) are businesses that serve alcoholic drinks such as beer, cider and ale, and usually also non-alcoholic drinks such as lemonade, cola, tea, and coffee to be consumed within the limits of the public house.
They are subject to the licensing laws of the country.
They may be closed down if not properly conducted.
Many pubs also sell food such as fish and chips and meat pies.
Pubs are found in English-speaking countries such as England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Canada, Australia and the United States.
In villages and small towns in many parts of England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, pubs are the centre of community life.
Some pubs hire bands or singers to entertain customers.
If the pub has rooms where people can sleep at night, it is usually called an inn.
Ownership and staffing
Public houses may be owned and operated in different ways.
Breweries may own a number of pubs themselves.
Pubs may be run as franchises by large catering companies.
However they are owned, a pub will be managed by a "landlord" or "landlady".
Employees do different jobs to provide good service.
Bartenders (also called "barmen" or "barmaids") serve drinks at the bar.
In most pubs, the customer orders the drinks at the bar and waits for them to be prepared, then carries the drinks back to the tables or area of seating.
In some types of pubs may sit at the bar or remain standing with their drinks.
Some pubs hire servers, called waiters or waitresses, to bring drinks to people who are sitting at tables or in chairs.
Some pubs also hire people to take away empty bottles and glasses, though commonly the bartenders will do this as well.
Pubs that serve food have cooks, dishwashers, and servers to prepare, cook, and serve the food.
Bands and singers who entertain customers during the evening are not usually employees of the pub.
Instead, the pub signs a contract with these entertainers, in which the entertainer promises to come to the pub on a specified day or night, in return for a sum of money.
Comparison with nightclubs
Another type of business that serves alcohol is the nightclub.
Like pubs, some nightclubs also serve food and have bands or singers as entertainers.
Most people go to nightclubs because they enjoy the music and dancing.
However, nightclubs often have a much wider selection of alcoholic drinks than pubs.
Most nightclubs sell a number of different brands of spirits, liqueurs, wine, sherry, and aperitifs.
Squaring the circle is a problem of geometry.
The problem is to construct a square that has the same area as the unit circle, only by using a compass and straightedge construction method.
Some people also call this problem the quadrature of the circle.
This is not about a circle with corners like a square.
It is a problem like squaring a triangle.
It is easy to construct a square with the same area as a triangle.
Squaring the circle is related to the other ancient problems which have been proved impossible, squaring the cube and trisecting the angle.
The Tampa Bay Lightning is an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL).
They were formed in 1991, and began playing in 1992-93 NHL season.
Before the Lightning's Stanley Cup championship, the team was regarded as one of the worst team in the league.
It made the play-offs once before winning the Southeast Division in 2002-03.
It won the Stanley Cup championship in 2003-04, the year before the NHL Lock-Out.
Under the leadership of captain Dave Andreychuk, and the strong goaltending performance of goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin, the Lightning earned its first Stanley Cup over the Calgary Flames in 7 games.
During the Lightning's Stanley Cup winning year, Martin St. Louis won the Hart Trophy, the league's most valuable player.
After game 7 against the Calgary Flames, Brad Richards was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, the play-offs most valuable player.
Also, coach John Tortorella was awarded the Jack Adams Trophy for coach of the year.
1991 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Florida
Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett (6 January 1946 – 7 July 2006) was an English musician.
Barrett is most famous for founding the rock band Pink Floyd.
He started the band in 1965 under several different names and wrote the band's first album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn.
During this time he experimented with psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs and eventually exited the band in 1968.
Following his departure from Pink Floyd, he released two records, The Madcap Laughs and Barrett, to little commercial success, due to the unusual lyrics and unsteady beats.
He later suffered from mental health issues, possibly related to his history of drug use.
Some of his most successful solo songs are "Dark Globe" and "Octopus".
Barrett was born in Cambridge and died there, of pancreatic cancer and type 1 diabetes
Employment, a person's job or work in service of an employer
Profession, an occupation that requires special education and training.
For example, law, medicine, or theology.
Vocation, an occupation pursued more for altruistic benefit than for income
Career, a person's occupational history
Day job, an occupation solely for income, while pursuing another preferred career track
Standard Occupational Classification System, developed and used by the U.S. government
Military occupation, control of a territory by a military force
Law of occupation, the laws of war which relate to military occupation
List of military occupations, notable historical instances of military occupation
Occupation (protest), the temporary forceful occupation of a building, space or symbolic site
Occupancy, use of a building for shelter or support of persons, animals, or property
Occupation 101, 2006 documentary movie about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Occupation: Dreamland, documentary movie about 82nd Airborne in Iraq
Occupation Double, a Canadian reality television show
"Occupation" (Battlestar Galactica), an episode in the third season
Occupation: Foole, comedy album by George Carlin
"The Beautiful Occupation", song by the band, Travis
The tapirs or tapir deer are a family of odd-toed ungulate mammals.
They form the family Tapiridae.
The only living genus is Tapirus.
The first tapirids appeared in the Eocene epoch, and by the Oligocene they looked similar to the present-day species.
For much of their history, tapirs were spread across the Northern Hemisphere extinct as recently as 10,000 years ago.
Brazilian tapir or Lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris)
Mountain Tapir (Tapirus pinchaque)
Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii)
Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus)
Kabomani tapir (Tapirus kabomani)
Tapirs are about 2 m / 7 ft long and about 1 meter / 3 ft high.
They weigh between 150 - 300 kg / 330 - 700 lb.
They have a rounded body and very short stubby tails.
Tapirs have hoofed toes, with four toes on the front feet and three toes on the hind feet.
The Tapir's upper lip and nose have formed a short trunk, and they have a long tongue.
Tapirs have a short fur, with colors that are reddish-brown to grey to nearly black.
Exceptions are the Mountain Tapir and the Asian Tapir.
The Mountain Tapir has longer wooly fur.
The Asian Tapir has a black front part and legs, and a white middle part and back.
All baby tapirs have brown fur, with lighter stripes and dots for camouflage.
Tapirs cannot see very well, but they have good hearing and a very good sense of smell.
Tapirs also swim very well.
Tapirs are active at night.
They eat leaves, fruit, berries, vegetables and nuts.
Tapirs live alone.
After a pregnancy of about 13 months, the female gives birth to a single baby.
After half a year the baby starts to lose the baby-coloring of its fur.
When the young tapir is one year old it looks like an adult tapir, and it leaves its mother.
Tapirs become mature when they are 4 years old.
Tapirs can become 25 – 30 years old.
IUCN/SSC Tapir Specialist Group
The Tapir Gallery at The Tapir Preservation Fund website
World Tapir Day website
Baird's Tapir Project of Costa Rica
Odd-toed ungulates
Bovids are a family of even-toed ungulate mammals.
The word "Bovidae" is comes from Latin bos, "ox".
Even-toed ungulates are said to have "cloven hooves": that means their hooves are formed from two toes.