the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Miners either compete with one another or work together in groups to solve a mathematical puzzle.
The first miner or group of miners to solve the particular puzzle are rewarded with new bitcoins.
The puzzle is determined by the transactions being sent at the time and the previous puzzle solution.
This means the solution to one puzzle is always different from the puzzles before.
Attempting to change an earlier transaction, maybe to fake bitcoins being sent or change the number of someone's bitcoins, requires solving that puzzle again, which takes a lot of work, and also requires solving each of the following puzzles, which takes even more work.
This means a bitcoin cheater needs to outpace all the other bitcoin miners to change the bitcoin history.
This makes the bitcoin blockchain very safe to use.
When miners mine a block of bitcoin, they receive a reward.
This reward gets cut in half every 210,000 blocks, which occurs roughly once every 4 years .
During Bitcoin's inception, the block reward was 50 BTC.
It was halved to 25 BTC on November 28th, 2012, and to 12.5 BTC on July 9th, 2016.
As of May 11th, 2020, the block reward has been 6.25 BTC.
A popular image associated with Bitcoin is a QR code.
QR codes are a group of black and white boxes that are similar to barcodes.
Barcodes are a row of lines, and QR codes are a grid of squares.
Bitcoin uses QR codes because they can store more information in a small space, and a camera such as a smartphone can read them.
The two QR codes on the Bitcoin note are the public and private addresses, and can be scanned with a number of online tools.
Everyone in the Bitcoin network is considered a peer, and all addresses are created equal.
All transactions can take place solely from peer to peer, but a number of sites exist to make these transactions simpler.
These sites are called exchanges.
Exchanges provide tools for dealing in Bitcoin.
Some allow the purchase of Bitcoin from external accounts, and others allow trading with other cryptography-based currencies like Bitcoin.
Most exchanges also provide a basic "wallet" service.
Wallets provide a handy way to keep track of all of a user's public and private addresses.
Because addresses are pseudo a anonymous, anyone can have as many addresses as they want.
This is useful for dealing with multiple people, but it can get complicated to manage multiple accounts.
A wallet holds all of this information in a convenient place, just like a real wallet would.
A backup of a wallet prevents 'losing' the bitcoins.
Bitcoin adoption and use continues to grow a lot every year.
Since 2012, Bitcoin has gained the attention of the mainstream media; one way is the WannaCry ransomware created in May 2017.
Adoption growth has not only happened for consumers, but also for many companies, who are looking to make use of all of the advantages of Bitcoin.
Among Millennials, cryptocurrencies were a popular choice to invest $10,000 in, in a March 2018 survey of 1,000 Americans.
Specifically, the survey found that 9.19% of Millennials (18-34) would invest the $10,000 in cryptocurrencies, compared to 4.04% of Generation Xers (35-54) and 3.08% of Baby Boomers (55+).
Bitcoin remains by far the most popular choice, followed by Ethereum and Litecoin.
Specifically, 76% of the Millennials in the survey said that they would invest the $10,000 in Bitcoin, 12% in Ethereum and 12% in Litecoin.
Although the real time price and trading in bitcoin varies with market demand.
Bitcoin has often been criticized for its unstable price, its network's high electricity consumption, and for its high transaction fees.
Additionally, it has been criticized for having characteristics in common with Ponzi and pyramid schemes.
Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959 in Palo Alto, California) is an American biologist.
He is a professor of pathology and genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine.
Fire was given the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of RNA interference.
The research was conducted at Carnegie Institution for Science and published in 1998.
Fire completed high school at age 15.
He wanted to study at Stanford University, where he would later work, but was not accepted.
He studied at the University of Californiaat Berkeley.
Fire graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics at 19,  and earned a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1983.
In 2006, Fire and Craig Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work first published in 1998 in the journal Nature.
Stanley Cohen (November 17, 1922 – February 5, 2020) was an American biochemist of Jewish descent.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986.
His research helped people understand how cancer starts and how to design anti-cancer drugs.
Cohen majored in chemistry and biology at Brooklyn College.
He received a bachelor's degree in 1943, and worked as a bacteriologist at a plant that processes milk.
Later in 1945, he received an M.A. in zoology from Oberlin College.
He also received a Ph.D. from the department of biochemistry at the University of Michigan in 1948.
In the 1950s, Cohen worked with Rita Levi-Montalcini at Washington University in St. Louis.
He isolated the nerve growth factor and then discovered the epidermal growth factor.
In 1959, he began teaching biochemistry at Vanderbilt University.
Autobiography at Nobel Prize website
Nephrons are tiny tubules (miniature tubes) which make up the smallest working part of the kidney.
In other words, they are the smallest level where the kidney removes waste, excess salt and excess water.
Each nephron starts in the cortex of the kidney, then goes into the medulla of the kidney, before coming back to the cortex, then goes through the medulla into the pelvis.
In the pelvis, the nephrons join up with the ureter.
Each nephron consists of a cup-shaped structure at one end called the Bowman's capsule.
It extends into a long urinary tubule,that is surrounded by a network of renal capillaries.
The urinary tubules of nephrons in each kidney join to form a common tube called the ureter.
Inside the Bowman's capsule,is a network of blood capillaries called glomerulus.
The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus together form the Malphigian capsule or Malphigian body.
The Parliament of Canada  () is the federal legislative branch of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in the national capital, Ottawa.
Queen Elizabeth II as Canadian monarch, represented by her governor general
The Senate, or "upper house" and
The House of Commons often called the "lower house"
Queen Máxima of the Netherlands (born as Máxima Zorreguieta; 17 May 1971) is the wife of King Willem-Alexander,
She was born Máxima Zorreguieta in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 17 May 1971.
Máxima is the daughter of Jorge Horacio Zorreguieta Stefanini, a farmer and a politician (died 2017).
He was the under-secretary of Agriculture under Jorge R. Videla's military dictatorship.
She studied in Northlands School, in Argentina.
She has two brothers, a sister and three half-sisters by her father's first wife.
Relationship with Willem-Alexander
Máxima met the crown prince in April 1999 in Sevilla, Spain, during the Seville Spring Fair.
This is an important annual event, to which many people from other countries come and dress in typical Spanish Andalusian costume.
In an interview, they stated that he introduced himself only as "Alexander," so that she did not know he was a prince.
She thought he was joking when he told her he was a Prince.
They agreed to meet in New York, where Máxima was working for Dresdner Kleinwort Benson, two weeks later.
Their relationship apparently began in New York, but the Princess did not meet the Prince's parents, Queen Beatrix and Claus von Amsberg, for some time.
The news of the couple's relationship and eventual marriage plans caused controversy in the Netherlands.
Máxima's father had been the Minister of Agriculture during the regime of former Argentine President Jorge Rafael Videla, a military dictator who ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1981 and who was responsible for many atrocities against civilians (non-military people).
An estimated 10,000–30,000 people disappeared during this and later military regimes.
Democracy was restored to Argentina in 1983.
Jorge Zorreguieta claimed that, as a civilian, he did not know about the Dirty War while he was a cabinet minister.
Professor Baud was asked by the Dutch Parliament to research in what way Jorge Zorreguieta was involved in the war.
He concluded that it would have been unlikely for a person in such a powerful position in the government to not know about the Dirty War.
But the research also found that Máxima's father had not been directly involved with the many deaths in question.
The Dutch parliament gave permission for Máxima and Willem-Alexander to marry.
This is necessary by law for the Prince of Orange to be able to become king.
Because of the research around his involvement in the Dirty War, Máxima's father offered not to attend the wedding.
Out of solidarity with her husband, Máxima's mother also did not come to the wedding on 2 February 2002 in Amsterdam.
The couple announced their engagement on 30 March 2001.
Princess Máxima talked to the nation in fluent Dutch during the live  broadcast on the occasion of the engagement.
Princess Máxima and Prince Willem-Alexander were married on 2 February 2002 in a civil ceremony in the Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam.
After that they had a religious ceremony at the Nieuwe Kerk (also in Amsterdam).
Her Royal Highness Catharina-Amalia, the Crown Princess of the Netherlands born 7 December 2003
Her Royal Highness Princess Alexia Juliana Marcela Laurentien born 26 June 2005
Her Royal Highness Princess Ariane Wilhelmina Máxima Inés born  10 April 2007
Queen Máxima is also godmother to two royal babies: Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau (daughter of Prince Constantijn and Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands) and of Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway (son of Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway).
Queen Máxima  (official website of the Dutch Royal House)
Reina Máxima- Biography, news, fashion,etc about Queen Máxima  non-official website, in Spanish, English and Dutch
Ancestry of Maxima Zorreguieta (b. 1971)
Royal House of the Netherlands
Hello Magazine profile
Royalty Magazine on Queen Maxima
Gallery of Queen Maxima on RoyalImages
Year of Microcredit
Dutch economists
The Rhynie chert is an Lower Devonian sedimentary deposit, part of the Old Red Sandstone.
It has extraordinary fossil details, and is a Lagerstätte.
The chert is exposed near the village of Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
A second unit, the Windyfield chert, is located some 700 m away.
The Rhynie chert contains exceptionally preserved material covered by an overlying volcanic deposit.
Most of the fossil bed has primitive plants (which had water-conducting cells and sporangia, but no true leaves), along with arthropods, lichens, algae and fungi.
First, the age of the site, formed about 410 million years ago.
This places it at an early stage in the colonisation of land.
Second, these cherts are famous for their exceptional state of preservation, with individual cell walls easily visible in polished specimens.
Stomata have been counted and lignin remnants detected in the plant material.
The book lungs of some early spiders can be seen in cross-sections.
Fungal hyphae can be seen entering plant material, acting as decomposers and mycorrhizal symbionts.
The oldest known insect (Rhyniognatha hirsti), which resembles the modern springtails, was found in the Rhynie chert, pushing dates for the origination of insects back to the Silurian period.
History of research
Since 1980, the chert has been examined by the Münster group, and from 1987 by Aberdeen University.
They showed the chert was indeed produced by a hot spring setting.
Cores were drilled in 1988 and 1997.
Conditions of formation
The chert was formed when silica-rich water from volcanic springs rose and rapidly petrified the early terrestrial ecosystem in situ.
Organisms are petrified that way by hot springs today, although that quality of preservation has not been found in recent deposits.
Hot springs, with temperatures between , were active; the water had probably cooled to under  before it reached the fossilised organisms.
The deposits are interbedded with sands, shales and tuffs, which speaks of local volcanic activity.
Deposition was very rapid.
The texture of the silica formed is like that found today in freshwater streams at Yellowstone National Park.
They are typically alkaline (pH 8.7) and tepid .
Fuckin' Perfect (also known as "Perfect") is a song by American singer-songwriter Pink.
It was released as the second single from her album, Greatest Hits... So Far!!!
on December 14, 2010.
The song was written by Pink with Max Martin and Shellback.
They also produced the song.
The song is similar to Pink's previous single, "Raise Your Glass".
This is because it tells people to accept each other for who they are.
"Fuckin' Perfect" rose to number two in Billboard Hot 100.
In this way, it became Pink's eleventh top-ten song in the United States.
The song became a top 10 hit in Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
It went up to the top 40 in Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Sweden, and Switzerland.
Adobe Acrobat is a family of software made by Adobe Systems.
Software in the family can read and display Portable Document Format (PDF) files.
Acrobat software can convert PDFs to other formats, PDF to Microsoft Word or Excel for example.
It can also combine multiple file types into a single PDF file.
Lesser Poland Voivodeship, or Małopolska Province, is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland.
It is , and as of 2006, has 3,267,731 residents.
The capital of the province is Kraków.
The province's natural borders are Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Góry Świętokrzyskie) on the north, Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska (a broad range of hills stretching from Kraków to Częstochowa) on the west, and the Tatra, Pieniny and Beskidy Mountains on the south.
The provinces and countries it is bordered by are the Silesian Voivodeship to the west, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the north, Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the east, and the country of Slovakia to the south.
Protected areas in Lesser Poland Voivodeship include six National Parks and 11 Landscape Parks.
Babia Góra National Park (a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve)
Gorce National Park
Magura National Park (partly in Subcarpathian Voivodeship)
Ojców National Park
Pieniny National Park
Tatra National Park (part of a UNESCO biosphere reserve shared with Slovakia)
Bielany-Tyniec Landscape Park
Ciężkowice-Rożnów Landscape Park
Dłubnia Landscape Park
Eagle Nests Landscape Park (partly in Silesian Voivodeship)
Kraków Valleys Landscape Park
Little Beskids Landscape Park (partly in Silesian Voivodeship)
Pasmo Brzanki Landscape Park (partly in Subcarpathian Voivodeship)
Poprad Landscape Park
Rudno Landscape Park
Tenczynek Landscape Park
Wiśnicz-Lipnica Landscape Park
In English, an intransitive verb is an action that involves the object or person doing the action by itself.
For example: "The door opened." (
by itself) This contrasts with a transitive verb, where the action is done by someone or something else, i.e.: "The person opened the door."
Randolph Scott made ​​his film debut in the silent film Sharp Shooters (1928).
And in 1929 has a small role in the western starring Gary Cooper The Virginian.
Scott was one of the leading film actors in starring western, and one of the best interpreters of the genre.
Its first western classics were The Last of the Mohicans (1936) and Western Union (1941) directed by Fritz Lang.
In 1943 he starred with Glenn Ford in the western The Desperadoes, directed by Charles Vidor.
Some of his classic 1940 was Belle of the Yukon (1944), as Gentleman Jack, and  Badman's Territory (1946), as Sheriff Mark Rowley.
Scott also co-starred with John Wayne in Pittsburgh (1942), and with Charles Laughton in Captain Kidd (1945), two films from the 1940s.
The 1950 was one of the best for Scott stars in dozens of western.
Among his films are 7th Cavalry (1956), he plays the role of Capt.
Tom Benson.
a Capt accused of cowardice, The Tall T (1957), as Pat Brennan, a cowboy who is kidnapped with a woman, the villain is Frank Usher, played by Richard Boone, and Ride Lonesome (1959), with Pernell Roberts.
In Comanche Station (1960), Scott is Jefferson Cody, A cowboy saves a woman who had been kidnapped by Indians Comanches, then struggles to get both of them home alive.
This western was directed by Budd Boetticher, and written by Burt Kennedy.
And his last western was Ride the High Country (1962), with Joel McCrea.
Scott played role of Gil Westrum, an old gunslinger who with McCrea help a young woman escape from the bandits who pursue.
Last Of The Cowboy Heroes: The Westerns Of Randolph Scott, Joel Mccrea, by Robert Nott
Silent Stars, by Jeanine Basinger
Actors from Charlotte, North Carolina
Nichiren (16 February 1222 - 13 October 1282) was a Buddhism priest who lived in Japan.
He is often called Nichiren, "Nichi" means "sun" and "ren" means "lotus".
The type of Buddhism he founded is known as Nichiren Buddhism.
Nichiren's actions and writings are the basis of the modern Buddhist organization Soka Gakkai International (SGI).
According to SGI's interpretation of Buddhism, it is through faith, practice and study that people can tap into their Buddha nature, become truly happy, and build a peaceful society.
Faith refers to the belief in the concept known as "the mystic law of the universe."
Practice means to chant every day the phrase "Nam-myo-ho-renge-kyo" and sections from the Lotus Sutra while sitting in front of the Gohonzon, a sacred scroll that hangs in the butsudan (an altar).
Practice also entails telling other people about Nichiren Buddhism.
Study means reading the writings of Nichren and discussing the readings with other people.
1222 births
1282 deaths
Bass Reeves (1838-1910) was an African American sheriff in Arkansas, who brought in hundreds of convicts.
He was born as a slave, but then escaped his abusive master.
He was one of the first African Americans to work in law enforcement west of the Mississippi River.
People from Arkansas
People with stereotypic movement disorder often hurt themselves.
Some people make behaviors such as keeping their hands in their pockets, to prevent these movements.
Cause of stereotypic movement disorder is certain physical conditions, head injuries and use of some drugs (cocaine).
Childhood habits can result in negative social interactions and avoidance by peers and family members.
Some repetitive behaviors can cause damage.
The most common treatment approaches used for children with this condition are therapies aimed at reducing stress that may trigger the movements and changing behaviors.
Some medications may also help reduce stereotypic behavior.
Naltrexone has been used with some success in reducing stereotypic self-injurious behavior.
In some cases, antidepressants such as Prozac, Zoloft and Luvox (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), or Anafranil (a tricyclic antidepressant) may be helpful.
Gannets are seabirds in the genus Morus.
They are related to boobies.
They are large white and black with yellow heads.
They have long, pointed wings and long bills.
Gannets can dive from a height of , and hit the water with great speed.
This can carry them to a depth of .
The bird can then keep going deeper using its wings and feet.
Some have been known to dive deeper than .
Cabot High School (CHS) is a public high school for students in grades nine through twelve in Cabot, Arkansas.
Cabot High School is administered by the Cabot Public School District, which covers Cabot, Austin, Ward, and northern Lonoke County.
CHS has been accredited by the North Central Association since 1967.
AP Art History
AP Biology
AP Calculus
AP Chemistry
AP English Language and Composition
AP English Literature and Composition
AP French Language
AP German
AP Physics B
AP Spanish Language
AP Studio Art
AP United States History
AP World History
AP European History
School clubs
Air Force Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (AF JROTC)
Art Club
Astronomy Club
Book Club & Poetry Club
Cabot Cruzers (Car Club)
Ecology Club
Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA)
Family, Career, and Community Leaders of America (FCCLA)
Free-Thinking Student Association (FSA)
Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA)
Friends of the Pound
Cabot FFA
Future Teachers of America
Hello Club
Health Occupations Students of America (HOSA)
Japanese Club
J.U.S.T. Club
Key Club
Knitting Club
MACH 1 Academy
The Panther Tale Newspaper
Panther Yearbook
Penman Literary Magazine
Cabot High Television and the Cabot Schools Network
Band/Music Club
Project Lead the Way
Quiz Bowl
Spanish Club
SkillsUSA
The Cabot Panthers' football team has had success during the tenure of Coach Mike Malham.
The Panthers won the state championship in 1983 and 2000 and were state championship runners-up in 1997 and 1998.
Terri Utley, 1982 Miss USA; 1981 Miss Arkansas USA
Kimberly Forsyth, 2006 Miss Arkansas USA
Whitney Kirk, 2003 Miss Arkansas
Kathrine Dunphy, 2007 an actress in Transformers Movie
Paula Montgomery - Miss Arkansas 1995, Miss Arkansas Teen USA 1991
Joey Richardson, 1999 Allstate Football and Track Honor Graduate
Danny Farrer, 1997 Allstate - Allstar Football and Track
Tom Brannon, Today's THV Channel 11 Meteorologist
Counseling Center website
Class of 1999 Alumni website
Career & Technical Education website
Mazon Creek is a lagerstätte in northeast Illinois.
It is a site of exceptional fossil preservation from the Pennsylvanian sub-period of the Carboniferous, about 309 million years ago.
The sediments were laid in a gigantic tropical estuary, a river delta with shifting channels and mud and sand bars.
Much of the continent was then covered by a great internal epeiric sea, which sometimes swept over the area, and then withdrew.
Coal measures are formed like this.
A low-lying tropical swamp or rain forest forms a peat swamp which is short of oxygen.
Dead plant material builds up, and does not decompose entirely.
The plant material gets buried as a peat bog.
From time to time rivers bring down a load of sediment from nearby mountains, covering the swamp.
Eventually layers of coal alternate with layers of sandy deposit.
Pressure turns it all into hard rock.
Later on, the rocks are uncovered by erosion, and fossils can be found by humans.
The huge growth of vegetation at this time produced coal measures, and the fossils were found in concretions (hard balls) in the spoil heaps of coal mines.
The concretions are caused by iron carbonate, FeCO3, which makes the parcel of mud and organic material into hard balls.
140 species of insects and other arthropods.
Freshwater aquatic faunas include fish, amphibia, bivalves, crustacea & horseshoe crabs.
Fauna from brackish water include ostracodes, lungfish scales, xenacanth sharks, polychaetes, crustacea, cephalopods with soft tissues, hydrozoa, siphonophores, chitons, sea cucumbers, eurypterids, echinoderms.
One unique species cannot be placed in a taxon: the 'Tully Monster', Tullimonstrum gregarium, a soft-bodied marine invertebrate.
It is the Illinois state fossil.
400 species of plants: Lepidodendron, horsetails, ferns, pteridosperms and primitive conifers and ginkgoes.
The area included in the diocese is that of the county of Cornwall including the Isles of Scilly.
It was formed in 1876 from the western parts of the Diocese of Exeter and the first bishop was appointed in 1877.
The Christian faith has been alive in the region since at least the 4th century AD.
Many of the communities in the diocese, as well as the parish churches, bear a Celtic saint's name, which is a reminder of the links with other Celtic lands.
The head of the diocese is the bishop of Truro, Tim Thornton, and the cathedral is in Truro.
truro.anglican.org Diocese of Truro
Makaton is a set of simple sign language and black-and-white symbols (pictures) which are used alongside simple talk.
Makaton is a sign language that is free to teach other people but it is also sold, taught, guarded and checked up on by the business which started it.
Makaton started with simple ordinary English and British Sign Language hand-signs; the pictures were added later.
It is now used all over the world and changed for the country it is used in.
It uses the same hand-signs as the sign language of the country it is used in but not in the same way.
For example, in Britain, Makaton hand-signing is mostly made from BSL (British Sign Language), but the signs are used in a different order alongside the simple spoken words.
Makaton is mainly taught to children and adults with special needs in speech and language, with or without hearing problems, by teachers, teaching assistants and childcare practitioners, carers or caregivers such as parents, grandparents, foster carers, other friends and family, and  specialist clinicians such as speech and language therapists.
Makaton is also popular to use with babies - "baby signing".
In British television, Justin Fletcher uses Makaton signing in Something Special, a series of television programmes aimed at children with special needs shown on CBeebies.
It was also used by Dave Benson Phillips while telling nursery rhymes on BBC children's television years earlier than this.
In schools and nursery schools and childcare as well as at home Makaton signs and symbols are often used alongside other ways of talking and showing like photographs and "PECS", which are drawn colour pictures of parts of a routine, like washing hands, eating a snack, or using the toilet.
This way of using different ways of showing routines and making requests for people with communication problems is sometimes called "total communication".
Cladocera is an order of small crustaceans commonly called water fleas.
Around 620 species have been recognised so far, with many more undescribed.
They are everywhere in inland aquatic habitats, but rare in the oceans.
Most are  long, with a down-turned head, and a carapace covering the thorax and abdomen.
There is a single median compound eye.
They swim with jerking flea-like movements.
Most species show cyclical parthenogenesis, where asexual reproduction is occasionally supplemented by sexual reproduction.
The sexual reproduction produces resting eggs that allow the species to survive harsh conditions and disperse to distant habitats.
The Old Red Sandstone is a dark red sandstone laid down mainly in the Devonian period over a large part of the continent of Laurussia.
The base of the ORS is now known to be in the Silurian and the top in the Carboniferous.
Laurussia is often called the Old Red Continent, or Euramerica.
It included what is now much of northern Europe, Greenland and North America.
It was, at the time, between 0o and 30o south of the equator.
The Old Red Sandstone (ORS) was first discovered in Great Britain, and it played a big part in early geology.
The term 'Old Red Sandstone' was first used in 1821 by Scottish naturalist and mineralogist Robert Jameson.
Later, on the Berwickshire coast, he found Siccar Point.
There was "a beautiful picture of this junction washed bare by the sea", where 345 million year old Devonian Old Red Sandstone overlies 425 million year old Silurian greywacke.
The sequence of events
The unconformity represents a gap in the record of geological time.
During this time the rocks were raised above sea level, and erosion took place.
Folding and faulting occurred.
The mountains  were formed when a section of northwestern Europe collided with a continental plate made up of parts of present-day North America and Greenland.
The lower strata tilted almost vertical.
The ORS rocks were deposited in a series of low-lying terrestrial basins, with lakes and rivers.
These basins were between ranges of the Caledonian mountains.
The ORS was laid down in this non-marine terrestrial environment.
Thick deposits of sand and mud, 11,000 metres (36,000 feet) deep, often stained red by oxidized iron minerals, collected as the basins sank down.
The dark red colour of these rocks comes from iron oxide.
However, not all the Old Red Sandstone is red or sandstone — the sequence also includes conglomerates, mudstones, siltstones and thin limestones and colours can range from grey and green through red to purple.
These deposits got sediment from the erosion of the Caledonian Mountain chain.
This was built by the collision of the former continents to make the Old Red Sandstone Continent.
This sequence is known as the Caledonian orogeny.
Joe Flanigan (born January 5, 1967) is an American television actor.
He is best known for playing the character Major/Lt.
Colonel John Sheppard in Stargate Atlantis.
He shares his birthday with Stargate Atlantis co-star Paul McGillion.
Craftsman was a style of architecture in the United States in the early 20th century.
It is called that because Gustav Stickley, a craftsman furniture maker, had a magazine called The Craftsman.
The movement was part of the Arts and Crafts movement that started in England in the late 19th century.
It wanted a "simpler way of life" that was not like American and English industrialized society.
Architects such as Greene and Greene designed Craftsman homes such as the Gamble House.
These houses were well-made, but did not have a lot of ornamentation.
Often they played off of natural themes.
A smaller version of the craftsman home was the bungalow.
By the 1910s, Craftsman bungalows were being built in large numbers in and around American cities.
Besides America and England, there was a lot of Craftsman architecture in Japan.
Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois (28 January 1858 – 16 December 1940) was a Dutch paleoanthropologist.
He earned worldwide fame for his discovery of Pithecanthropus erectus (later redesignated Homo erectus), or 'Java Man'.
Although hominid fossils had been found and studied before, Dubois was the first anthropologist to embark upon a purposeful search for them.
Hominid discoveries
In 1891, Dubois discovered remains of what he described as "a species in between humans and apes".
He called his finds Pithecanthropus erectus ("ape-human that stands upright") or Java Man.
Today, they are classified as Homo erectus ("human that stands upright").
These were the first specimens of early hominid remains to be found outside of Africa or Europe.
In 1895, Dubois returned to Europe and toured the continent to convince his colleagues that he had indeed found a missing link.
Although most anthropologists were intrigued, they did not always agree with Dubois' interpretations.
After that, Dubois refused others access to his fossils, until he was forced to do so in 1923.
Sarah Victoria "Torri" Higginson (born Burlington, Ontario, December 6, 1969) is a Canadian actress.
She is best known for her roles in the TekWar movies and series, The English Patient, Bliss,  and Stargate Atlantis.
Higginson took over the role of Dr. Elizabeth Weir from Jessica Steen in a guest spot on the season eight opener of Stargate SG-1.
She was then carried over as the leader of the Atlantis expedition on Stargate Atlantis and played that role until the end of the show's third season.
She was reduced from a main cast member to a recurring role in the fourth season.
She did not play the role for the show's fifth season.
Rachel Luttrell (born 19 January 1971) is an actress.
She is best known for her roles as Veronica Beck in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation TV series Street Legal and Teyla Emmagan, an Athosian warrior leader on Stargate Atlantis.
Official Rachel Luttrell web site
Sun angle is the angle of incidence at which sunlight strikes the Earth at a particular time and place.
In most places the Sun rises in the morning, is highest at noon, and sets in the evening.
In different seasons the Sun is farther north or south.
The angle controls the amount of heat energy received at this place, so summer days are usually warmer than winter nights.
Huntington Beach is a ocean town in Orange County, California.
According to the 2010 Census estimate, the number of people living in Huntington Beach is 202,556.
This makes it one of the largest cities in Orange County in the number of people, or population.
It is has the Pacific Ocean on the southwest, Seal Beach in the northwest, Costa Mesa to the east, Newport Beach on the southeast, Westminster to the north, and Fountain Valley to the northeast.
Huntington Beach is well known for its 8.5 mile (13.7 km) strip of beach running down the west side.
The beach is a very good place for surfing.
Several surfing meets are held there each year.
The beach is named for Henry E. Huntington, the head of the Pacific Electric Railway.
The PE served Huntington Beach for many years.
Willie Aames attended Edison High School.
Eva Angelina, adult film actress.
Nicole Eggert grew up in Huntington Beach.
Lauren German, actress of NBC TV series Chicago Fire.
Amy Grabow grew up in Huntington Beach and attended the Academy for the Performing Arts.
Jenna Jameson, famed pornographic actress, lives in Huntington Harbour with Tito Ortiz.
Jack Kelly, most noted for the role of Bart Maverick on the Maverick TV series; during the 1980s and early 1990s, he served as city councilman and mayor in Huntington Beach.
Jason Lee, actor, title character in TV series My Name is Earl, grew up in Huntington Beach and attended Ocean View High School.
Cara Lott, adult actress.
Huntington Beach is the home to pro skateboarders Christian Hosoi, Geoff Rowley, Arto Saari, Tosh Townend, Mark Appleyard, Brian Sumner, Ed Templeton, and Nyjah Huston.
Former NHL hockey player John Blue is from Huntington Beach, as is professional soccer player Sacha Kljestan.
It is home of mixed martial artists: Tito "The Huntington Beach Bad Boy" Ortiz, Kimo Leopoldo, Tank Abbott and James Irvin.
Collin Balester, baseball player, attended Huntington Beach High School
Hank Conger, baseball player, attended Huntington Beach High School.
Ric Drasin, artist, actor, stuntman, writer, personal trainer, bodybuilder, and professional wrestler
Bill Green, former U.S. record holder in hammer throw, fifth place in 1984 Summer Olympics, lived in the Seacliff area of Huntington Beach 1999–2006.
Jessie Godderz, professional bodybuilder with the World Natural Body Building Federation, contestant on Big Brother 10 and Big Brother 11
Julio Cesar Gonzalez, boxer, 1996 Olympic Games athlete for Mexico, WBO light-heavyweight champion 2003, attended Edison High, was killed in 2012 by a drunk driver in Baja, Mexico.
Tony Gonzalez, formerly of the NFL's Atlanta Falcons, attended Huntington Beach High School.
Ian Kennedy, San Diego Padres pitcher, was born in Huntington Beach.
Jeff Kent, retired baseball player and recipient of baseball's 2000 National League MVP award, was raised in Huntington Beach and attended Edison High School.
Jürgen Klinsmann, soccer player, coach of the German national soccer team and current coach of the United States men's national soccer team.
He did move with his family in 2008 to Munich, Germany to become the coach of FC Bayern Munich.
Klinsmann currently lives in Newport Beach.
Iris Kyle, 10-time overall Ms. Olympia professional bodybuilder.
Scott Lipsky, professional tennis player, lives in Huntington Beach.
David Martin, professional tennis player, lives in Huntington Beach.
Paul McBeth, three time disc golf world champion.
Peter Mel, surfer
Henry Owens, baseball player.
Cherokee Parks, basketball player, was born in Huntington Beach and attended Marina High School.
Brett Simpson, surfer.
Surfer Peter "PT" Townend lived in Huntington Beach.
Joan Weston, star of Roller Derby
Bob Wolcott, former Seattle Mariners pitcher, was born in Huntington Beach.
The rock/metal band Avenged Sevenfold grew up and currently live here.
Lead guitarist Synyster Gates has said he enjoys nothing more than cruising Huntington Beach on his chopper.
Former drummer The Rev was buried here following his death.
Dexter Holland from The Offspring lived in Huntington Beach.
The ska punk rock band Reel Big Fish formed here in 1992.
Dean Torrence, from the 1960s pop group Jan and Dean, who co-wrote "Surf City" (#1 in 1963), said that Huntington Beach embodies the song's spirit of freedom and California fun.
Christian Jacobs, the MC Bat Commander of The Aquabats, lives in Huntington Beach.
Matt Costa, folk pop singer, was born in Huntington Beach.
(Hed) P.E., a punk rock/hip hop group, was formed in Huntington Beach.
The Vandals, a punk rock band formed in Huntington Beach
Alien Ant Farm lead singer Dryden Mitchell lives in Huntington Beach.
David Silveria, formerly from the rock band Korn lives in Huntington Beach.
Doug Webb, saxophonist
Scott Weiland, of the Stone Temple Pilots and formerly of Velvet Revolver, attended Edison High School.
Joe and Luke McGarry of the indie band Pop Noir were born in Manchester, England, but grew up and still live in Huntington Beach.
The reggae band, The Dirty Heads was formed in Huntington Beach.
hellogoodbye was formed in Huntington Beach in 2001.
The Suburban Legends are natives of Huntington Beach.
The members of the alternative/pop band Emblem3 were from Huntington Beach.
Pete Conrad, astronaut
Violet Cowden, aviator and member of the Women Airforce Service Pilots during World War II.
Kenneth True Norris Jr., industrialist and philanthropist
The Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation (FCT) is a treaty outlining a twenty-year cooperation between China and Russia.
It was signed by the leaders of the two world powers, Jiang Zemin and Vladimir Putin, on July 16, 2001.
Contents of the treaty
The treaty describes actions that should be taken by the two countries to establish for peaceful relations and economic cooperation, as well as diplomatic and political reliance.
Article 9 of the treaty has started controversy because it may be viewed as a defense pact, meaning if one of the two countries becomes involved in a war, the other country must help them.
Additionally, articles A7 and A16 point at increasing military cooperation, including the sharing of "military know-how" (A16), namely, Chinese access to Russian military technology.
The treaty also describes a mutual, cooperative approach to environmental technology regulations and energy conservation; and toward international finance and trade.
The document affirms Russia's stand on Taiwan as "an inalienable part of China" (A5), and highlights the commitment to ensure the "national unity and territorial integrity" in the two countries (A4).
Possible benefits
China's armed forces are largely outdated, and they want to improve them.
The treaty says that Russia will share their training and technology with China, which will help that.
China wants a stable, consistent and affordable level of fuel shipments, especially petroleum.
This goal can be better met by using Russian oil, including the construction of a Trans-Siberian oil pipeline.
China wants support for its stance on Taiwan.
Russia has had trouble getting capital since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
It will be able to get more capital in several ways through the treaty.
Russia wants to find employment for its skilled workforce.
Russia wants to sell its military technology and knowledge.
Russia wants to sell its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas.
Fear of US influence
Both China and Russia fear the United States (especially following its strengthened geopolitical position following the September 11, 2001 attacks) becoming involved in areas which they believe should only be affected by their respective spheres of national influences and interests: for China, this largely involves Taiwan serving as a US client state, while for Russia it involves having various former Soviet Republics as US client states.
Many of these do not border either country, though Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan border China, and Kazakhstan borders both.
Economic competition with the US, Japan and the EU
The United States, Japan and the European Union are three economic powers which have a skilled workforce and access to capital.
Russia and China can more effectively compete against these powers in the world economy if Russia has access to Chinese capital and China has access to Russian training and technology.
Text of the Treaty – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
"China, Russia Sign Good-Neighborly Friendship, Cooperation Treaty" – People's Daily
"China, Russia Sign Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation" (details) – The Chinese Embassy in Norway
"Anniversary of Sino-Russian Good-Neighborly Treaty Marked" – China Internet Information Center
"China, Russia to promote military cooperation"  – People's Daily
Chinese, Russian leaders exchange new year's greetings" (2006) – Xinhua
"Chinese president arrives in Moscow for state visit" (2005) – People's Daily
"Hu: Sino-Russian ties enter a new phase" – Xinhua
"Russian-Chinese border most problematic ecologically" – RIA Novosti
"Post-Cold War Sino-Russian Relations: An Indian Perspective" – Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses
"Challenges of the Sino-Russian Strategic Partnership" (PDF)  – Center for Strategic and International Studies
"Power Politics in Central Asia" – Harvard Asia Quarterly
Treaties involving China
The Einstein field equations, or Einstein-Hilbert equations, or simply Einstein equations are equations that describe gravity in the classical sense.
They are named after Albert Einstein and David Hilbert.
The basic idea is to use geometry to model the effects of gravity.
The usual form of the equations is that of nonlinear partial differential equations.
Such equations are usually solved by approximation.
An exact solution can be obtained in special cases, where certain assumptions are dropped, or simplified.
Mathematical Interpretation
Einstein used mathematical objects called tensors to describe the curvature of spacetime to define gravity.
The equation below is the general form of the EFE  :
Where Rμv is known as the Ricci curvature tensor, gμv is the metric tensor, R is the scalar curvature, Λ is the cosmological constant, G is the gravitational constant, π is pi, c is the speed of light, and Tμv is called the stress-energy tensor.
A simpler way for non-math people to understand this is to place a large leaden ball on a rubber sheet suspended between four poles.
The rubber sheet will sag from the weight of the lead ball, and if you spin a marble on the sheet it will circle the lead ball, just as the earth circles the sun.
The reason is not that there is any attraction between the sun and the earth but that the earth follows the straightest path it can follow in curved space-time.
Mie scattering is the way that light scatters when it hits an object.
It is  named after the German physicist, Gustav Mie.
This theory is good for all wavelengths of light, and all object sizes.
If the object is much smaller than the wavelength of light, Rayleigh scattering theory is also quite good.
When the object is big, the light can hit many places on the object.
A quite good formula for the scattering is:
Clint Walker began his career playing role Tarzan in Jungle Gents (1954), then played the role of Sardinian, in the classical biblical movie The Ten Commandments (1956).
Clint made several western movies on the big screen  Fort Dobbs (1958), and Yellowstone Kelly (1959), directed by Gordon Douglas,
Gold of the Seven Saints (1961), with Roger Moore, More Dead Than Alive (1969) with Vincent Price, Sam Whiskey (1969) with Burt Reynolds.
And the western starring with Charles Bronson, The White Buffalo (1977).
He also starred in television Westerns Yuma (1971) and The Bounty Man (1972).
Among his best works is the war movie The Dirty Dozen (1967), with Lee Marvin, He plays one of the dozen prisoners, who are elected by Marvin for a suicide mission.
Walker also worked with Frank Sinatra in war movie, None But the Brave (1965), directed by Frank Sinatra.
In 1955 he was hired to star in the ABC TV series Cheyenne, in which he played cowboy adventurer Cheyenne Bodie who, after the Civil War, roamed the Wild-West fighting bandits, cattle rustlers and Native American rebels.
The series aired between 1955 and 1963 over more than 108 episodes.
It was very successful, despite Clint's less-than-enthusiastic acceptance of the punishing demands of TV stardom.
Encyclopedy of Weird Westerns: Supernatural and Science Fiction Elements in, by Paul Green,Mike Hoffman
50 Years of the Television Western by Ronald Jackson,Doug Abbott
"Clint Walker: Top Gun of Warner's TV" by Herb Fagen (1999 interview)  @ Classic Images magazine, issue # 212, p. 12
"Belleville had its share of fame: Nice guy Clint Walker became Hollywood hunk"  by Jaime Ingle - News-Democrat (Wednesday, June 18, 2008)
"Cowboy actor inspires local Western writer" - From the Idaho State Journal - December 2003
"Actor Clint Walker to be Inducted into National Cowboy Museum's Hall of Great Western Performers"  - March 3, 2004 - National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Illinois
Hope is a district municipality in British Columbia, Canada.
Hope is in the confluence of both of the Fraser and Coquihalla rivers.
As of 2006, 6,185 people lived there.
The current mayor of Hope is Laurie French.
During World War II there was a internment camp in Hope for the Canadians of Japanese extraction.
City of Hope's Official website
Princeton is a Canadian district municipality in British Columbia, Canada.
Princeton is in the Similkameen region of British Columbia.
The population of Princeton as of 2006 is 2,677.
The current mayor of Princeton is Randy McLean.
Princeton is also known for it's castle, which is on the outskirts of Princeton.
The castle is now a resort.
City of Princeton's Official website
Merritt is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada.
Marritt is in the south-central Interior of British Columbia and also in the Nicola Valley.
As of 2006, Marritt had 6,998 people.
The current mayor of Merritt is Susan Roline.
Merritt is home to a BCHL (British Columbia Hockey League) team called the Merritt Centennials which is the oldest ice hockey team in the league.
In 2008, the Country Music Hall of Fame relocated from Calgary to Merritt.
City of Merritt's Official website
Rayleigh scattering is the way that light scatters when it hits a very small object.
This theory is valid if the wavelength of the light is much bigger than the object.
It is named after Lord Rayleigh but was also the work of Raman and Krishnan as it is part of the Raman scattering theory.
John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM (12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was an English Physicist.
He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904.
He discovered argon and Rayleigh scattering.
Big Fat Liar is an 2002 teen comedy movie that was produced by Michael Goldman, Marie Cantin, Brian Robbins and Michael Tollin and was directed by Shawn Levy.
Big Fat Liar was released on February 8, 2002 in North America.
The movie received mixed reviews with a 44% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 36 out of 100 from Metacritic.
Frankie Muniz as Jason Shepherd
Paul Giamatti as Marty Wolf
Amanda Bynes as Kaylee
Amanda Detmer as Monty Kirkham
Donald Faison as Frank Jackson
Michael Bryan French as Harry Shepherd
Christine Tucci as Carol Shepherd
Sandra Oh as Mrs. Phyllis Caldwell
Alex Breckenridge as Janie Shepherd
Rebecca Corry as Astrid Barker
Jaleel White as Himself
Russell Hornsby as Marcus Duncan
Lee Majors as Vince
Sean O'Bryan as Leo
Amy Hill as Joscelyn Davis
John Cho as Dustin 'Dusty' Wong
Taran Killam as Brett
Jake Minor as Aaron
Sparkle as Grandma Pearl
Ted Rooney as Summer School Teacher
Michelle Griffin as Shandra Duncan
Shawn Levy as Wolf Party Guest
Kenan Thompson as a partygoer
Dustin Diamond as himself
Brian Turk as Masher
Kunal Nayyar (born 30 April 1981) is a British-Indian actor.
He is best known for playing Rajesh Koothrappali, an astrophysicist on the television series, The Big Bang Theory.
He also played a terrorist in the series, NCIS.
He was born in London, England and was raised in New Delhi, India.
Kunal Nayyar's Official twitter
Indian television actors
Indian voice actors
3 Juno (symbol: ) is a main belt asteroid discovered by Karl Ludwig Harding on September 1, 1804.
Juno was the third asteroid discovered in the Solar System and is named after Juno, the Roman goddess that is the queen of all gods.
Monzón is a city in Aragón, in Spain.
It is about 60 km east of the capital of the province (Huesca).
As of the 2010 census, 17,115 people lived there.