the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Amongst these who have appeared on the programme are Nigel Rees, Jo Brand, Martin Jarvis, Richard Digance, Geoffrey Durham, Ken Bruce, Magnus Magnusson, Pam Ayres, Paul Zenon, Jenny Eclair, Al Murray, John Sergeant and Gyles Brandreth.
Over time, the additional hostesses on the programme were dropped by production staff, who retained Vorderman and assigned her primarily to handle the selection of letter and number tiles, as well as verifying contestant calculations.
Thus her role was expanded to that of a co-presenter alongside Whiteley.
The programme frequently rotated between various lexicographers, including Richard Samson and Alison Heard, for each series, until in 2004 the role was permanently given to Susie Dent, after her debut on Countdown in 1992.
On 26 June 2005, Whiteley died after a failed heart operation.
At the time, he had been slowly recovering from pneumonia earlier that year.
This had prevented him recording further episodes.
His death impacted the show, causing the episode for that day to be taken off the air by Channel 4 as a mark of respect, while the remaining episodes he had managed to complete were aired after his death, beginning with a tearful tribute from Vorderman.
After the series' conclusion, Countdown was placed into hiatus on 1 July to determine how to proceed.
Post-Whiteley
In October 2005, Channel 4 announced that Des Lynam would take over as the main presenter, having previously participated in the celebrity edition (Celebrity Countdown) in April 1998.
Lynam's tenure ran until December 2006, whereupon his demanding filming schedule forced him to resign from the programme.
His departure was due to the travel requirements that his 2007 schedule required of him; despite an effort by Channel 4 to deal with this by changing the filming location from Leeds to a site closer to his residence in Worthing, West Sussex, viewers reacted angrily to the idea, while Lynam decided it would cause considerable disruption for many of the programme's camera crew.
In January 2007, Des O'Connor took over as the main presenter.
During his tenure as host, Dent went on maternity leave over the winter of 2007–08, and Alison Heard temporarily replaced her on the programme until 6 February 2008.
By July 2008, both O'Connor and Vorderman had announced that they would be leaving by the end of that year, after the end of the 59th series.
While O'Connor was forced to leave in order to concentrate on other projects, Vorderman left after her offer to take a 33% salary decrease was rejected and production staff asked her to take a 90% pay cut; her agent stated that staff had told him that the show had survived without Whiteley and could "easily survive without you".
Some media reports suggested that the new presenter would be either Rory Bremner, the early favourite, or Alexander Armstrong, but both ruled themselves out of the job.
At the same time there was speculation that several prominent women, including Anthea Turner, Ulrika Jonsson and Myleene Klass, were strong candidates to take over Vorderman's job, but Channel 4 revealed that the role was to be assigned to a previously unknown male or female arithmetician with "charm and charisma".
In November 2008, Jeff Stelling was confirmed as the new host, while Oxford maths graduate Rachel Riley was confirmed as Vorderman's replacement.
Stelling remained with the programme until the end of 2011, when his football commitments with Sky Sports forced him to reluctantly leave Countdown.
Prior to his departure, The Apprentice star Nick Hewer was announced as his replacement, and he took over as the main presenter when his first episode aired on 9 January 2012.
In 2020, during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it was announced that Colin Murray, a frequent Dictionary Corner guest, would fill in for Hewer while he spent a period of time in isolation due to the UK's second lockdown.
On 7 December 2020 Hewer announced that he would be stepping down as the host of Countdown at the end of series 83 in summer 2021.
Hewer said it had been "privilege and a pleasure to take the helm of Countdown".
It was then announced on 15 February 2021 that Anne Robinson would take over from Hewer at the start of series 84.
Hewer's final show aired on 25 June 2021.
The Countdown intro has changed over time since it began in 1982.
For the 1981 pilot, it was a round span with pink words 'Calendar Countdown'.
The first intro after the beginning of Countdown in 1982 was a black background with the words Countdown in yellow.
After this, it was blue until the late 80s/early 90s, COUNT DOWN with the background having letters and numbers (until the mid 90s), then a yellow triangle with Countdown in Red.
From 1999, the clock appeared for the first time in the Countdown intro, the background was into a mash of pink and orange, and COUNTDOWN in white under the clock.
This continued until 2001 when the current clock and letters 'Countdown' were introduced, until 2003, there were montages of the show in front of the tangerine set.
And then in 2003, montages changed to those on the new pink and white striped set.
After Whiteley died in 2005, the Lynam and O'Connor series had letters spitting out of the clock in the same colour form, eventually merging into 'Countdown'.
With the introduction of Stelling in 2009, the background changed to blue and the letters continued to spit out of the clock.
Merging into Countdown.
In 2012, the background once again changed to dark blue and the intro would start with a globe of letters and numbers breaking, and then later merging into Countdown, just as it did since the early 2000s.
CharacterCountdown quickly established cult status within British television – an image which it maintains today, despite the loss of key presenters.
The programme's audience comprises mainly students, homemakers and pensioners, owing to the "teatime" broadcast slot and inclusive appeal of its format and presentation.
Countdown has been one of Channel 4's most-watched programmes for over twenty years, but has never won a major television award.
When Des Lynam became the new presenter after Whiteley's death in 2005, the show regularly drew an average 1.7 million viewers every day; this was around half a million more than in the last few years of Richard Whiteley presenting.
The Series 54 final, on 26 May 2006, attracted 2.5 million viewers.
3–4 million viewers had watched the show daily in its previous 16:15 slot.
The drop in viewing figures following the scheduling change, coupled with the show's perceived educational benefits, even caused Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Jonathan Shaw to table a motion in the UK Parliament, requesting that the show be returned to its later time.
Minor scheduling changes have subsequently seen the show move from 15:15 to 15:30, 15:45, 15:25 and 15:10.
As of 2018, it is broadcast at 14:10.
On each episode, the prize for defeating the reigning champion is a teapot that is styled to resemble the 30-second time clock used in each round.
Introduced in December 1998, the pot is custom-made and can only be obtained by winning a game on the programme.
Defeated contestants receive an assortment of Countdown-themed merchandise as a parting gift.
At first, the prize for the series winner was a leather-bound copy of the twenty-volume Oxford English Dictionary, worth over £4,000.
Since 2011, the prize consists of ordinary hardback twenty-one-volume dictionaries, a laptop computer and a lifetime subscription to Oxford Online (replaced by a MacBook pro laptop by series 68).
David Acton, winner of Series 31, opted for a CD-ROM version of the dictionaries, not wanting to accept leather-bound books owing to his strict veganism, and he donated the monetary difference to charity.
Since Series 54 in 2006, the series champion also receives the Richard Whiteley Memorial Trophy, in memory of the show's original presenter.
Though the style and colour scheme of the set have changed many times (and the show itself moved to Manchester, after more than 25 years in Leeds), the clock has always provided the centrepiece and, like the clock music composed by Alan Hawkshaw, is an enduring and well-recognised feature of Countdown.
Executive producer John Meade once commissioned Hawkshaw to revise the music for extra intensity to introduce at the start of series 31 in January 1996; after hundreds of complaints from viewers, the old tune was reinstated after just 12 shows.
The original clock featured until September 2013, when it was replaced.
The first episode of Countdown was repeated on 1 October 2007 on More4 and also on 2 November 2007 on Channel 4; this was as part of Channel 4 at 25, a season of programmes to celebrate its 25th birthday.
On 2 November 2007, Countdown celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary and aired a special 'birthday episode'.
The two players were 2006 winner Conor Travers and 2002 winner Chris Wills.
However, for the rounds, VIP guests selected the letters and numbers.
Guests included Gordon Brown, Amir Khan and Richard Attenborough.
A statement from the French TV network France Télévisions was read out on air by Vorderman to commend Channel 4 on its success of Countdown.
On 26 March 2010, Queen Elizabeth II congratulated Countdown for amassing 5,000 episodes.
On 5 September 2014, the programme received a Guinness World Record at the end of its 6,000th show for the longest-running television programme of its kind during the course of its 71st series.
FormatCountdown has occupied a tea-time broadcast slot since its inception, originally in a 30-minute format.
Since 2001, an episode lasts around 45 minutes including advertising breaks.
During the normal series, the winner of each game returns for the next day's show.
A player who wins eight games is declared an "octochamp" and retires from the programme.
At the end of the series, the eight best players (ranked first by number of wins, then by total score if required to break a tie) are invited back to compete in the series finals.
They are seeded in a knockout tournament, with the first seed playing the eighth seed, the second playing the seventh, and so on.
The winner of this knockout, which culminates in the Grand Final, becomes the series champion.
Each series lasts around six months, with about 125 episodes.
Approximately every four series, a Champion of Champions tournament takes place.
For this, sixteen of the best players to have appeared since the previous Championship are invited back for another knockout tournament.
The producer, former contestant Damian Eadie, decides which players to include, but typically the tournament includes the series winners and other noteworthy contestants.
Series 33 was designated a "Supreme Championship", in which 56 of the best contestants from all the previous series returned for another knockout tournament.
Series 10 champion Harvey Freeman was declared Supreme Champion after beating Allan Saldanha in the final.
There are also occasional special episodes, in which past contestants return for themed matches.
For example, David Acton and Kenneth Michie returned for a rematch of their Series 31 final, while brothers and former contestants Sanjay and Sandeep Mazumder played off against each other on 20 December 2004.
Since the change to 45-minute episodes, the game has been split into three sections, separated by advertising breaks.
The first section contains two letters rounds and a numbers round, the second has two letters rounds and a numbers round followed by the anecdote from the Dictionary Corner guest and then a further two letters rounds and a numbers round, while the last section has two letters rounds, Susie Dent's "Origins of Words" item, two further letters rounds, a numbers round and a final "Conundrum" puzzle.
With the exception of the Conundrum, the contestants swap control after every round so that each of them has control for five letters rounds and two numbers rounds.
At the end of the first two sections, Each presenter poses a Teatime Teaser'' for the viewers, giving a set of short words and a cryptic clue to a single word that can be anagrammed from them.
The solution is revealed at the start of the next section. (
Example: Given the words HAD SAIL and the clue "Flowers seen 7 times a week," the solution would be DAHLIAS, given the words GON GOLD and the clue "A greyhound at full stretch, perhaps," the solution would be LONGDOG, given the words NUDE LUMP and the clue "It helps you get into the swing of things," the solution would be PENDULUM, given the words WOECALLS and the clue "This is something for you to chew over," the solution would be COLESLAW, given the words ICYHINGE and the clue "It's the condition of good clean fun," the solution would be HYGIENIC, and given the words SAD MOODY and the clue "We'll all be sad and moody when this arrives," the solution would be DOOMSDAY.)
When the Teatime Teaser was first introduced, the anagrams were seven letters long; they were later extended to eight, then to nine in late 2016 before returning to 8 in 2020.
The Allotheria are an extinct infraclass or superorder of mammals.
They are related to the prototheria and theria.
The allotheres was a branch of successful Mesozoic mammals.
The most important characteristic was the presence of lower molariform teeth with two longitudinal rows of cusps.
At least 200 species are known, ranging from mouse-sized to beaver-sized.
These species occupied many  ecological niches, ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like tree-dwelling.
Multituberculates are usually placed outside both the two main groups of living mammals, the Theria (placentals and marsupials), and monotremes.
Some cladistic analyses put them closer to Theria than to monotremes.
The multituberculates had a head anatomy similar to rodents.
They had cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap (called the diastema).
Each cheek-tooth displayed several rows of small cusps (or tubercles, hence the name) which worked against similar rows in the teeth of the jaw.
It was an efficient chopping device.
Gondwanatheria is an extinct group of mammals that lived during the Upper Cretaceous to the Miocene.
They lived in the Southern Hemisphere continents which had been part of the supercontinent Gondwana.
These mammals are known only from isolated teeth and a few lower jaws.
Because of these fragmentary remains, their relationships are unclear.
Later finds have improved our knowledge of them.
It was thought previously that climate changes at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary had caused their extinction.
Fossils have come from South America, India and Antarctica, where gondwanatherids lived in the lush forests which once covered much of the world.
Taichung City ( or ; POJ: Tâi-tiong) is a city in west-central Taiwan with a population of over 2.7 million people, making it the second largest city on the island.
The city's name is Chinese for "Central Taiwan".
The average temperature of Taichung City is about 23°C, and average rainfall is about 1.7 m per year.
Beitun District (北屯區)
Central District (中區)
East District (東區)
Nantun District (南屯區)
North District (北區)
Xitun (Situn) District (西屯區)
South District (南區)
West District (西區)
Majuro is the capital city of the country of the Marshall Islands.
Built on 64 islands, Majuro has a port and an international airport.
It has a population of 25,400 (2004).
Majuro is located at 7°7'30" North, 171°4' East (7.125, 171.0667).
The atoll of Majuro has a land area of only 3.75 mi² (9.7 km²), and is surrounded by lagoon of 113.92 mi² (295 km²).
Sport fishing and underwater diving are popular.
During World War II, on January 30, 1944, United States troops attacked Majuro (controlled by Japan).
South Tarawa (in Gilbertese and English: Teinainano Urban Council or abr.
TUC) is the capital city of the country Kiribati.
It is on an island called Tarawa Atoll.
The meaning of Teinainano is "down of the mast", referring to the sail-shape of the atoll.
The South Tarawa population center is made up of all the small islands between Bairiki (on the west) to Temaiku on the east.
All of separated islands are joined by causeways, forming one long island on the reef along the southern side of the Tarawa Lagoon.
There is also a new causeway—the Japanese Causeway—that links South Tarawa to Betio.
South Tarawa is at 1°19' North, 172°58' East (1.31667, 172.9667).
There is a Kiribati Teacher College and one University of the South Pacific center on South Tarawa.
Bairiki is sometimes considered the capital of Kiribati because at one time both the Parliament, the Presidency and main administrative offices were located there.
The Parliament meets on Ambo island; Government department are spread among South Tarawa, Betio and Christmas Island.
The Roman Catholic diocese and the Kiribati Protestant Church are on South Tarawa.
Bairiki (executive), Ambo (legislative), Betio (judicial) are the main places of the capital.
Settlements in Kiribati
Bairiki is a village and an island now part of South Tarawa, and one time is the center of government of Kiribati.
One of three post offices on Tarawa is located at Bairiki.
Bairiki Island is the most southern island on the atoll of Tarawa.
About nine islands are larger than Bairiki.
Bairiki includes the main administrative center of Kiribati, but the Parliament has since moved to Ambo, halfway between Bairiki and Bonriki.
In the village there is a small port and near Bairiki is a center of the University of the South Pacific.
et:Tarawa South#Bairiki
en:South Tarawa#Bairiki
gl:Tarawa Sur#Bairiki
no:South Tarawa#Bairiki
An audio engineer (or simply engineer for short) is a person who operates, and usually chooses and sets up recording equipment.
The term applies mainly to a person who works in a recording studio but can also apply to people who do the same kind of work, in other places.
An engineer may work with multitrack recordings or stereophonic remixes.
Audio engineering deals with the recording and reproduction of sound through mechanical and electronic  means and is a part of audio science.
The field draws on many disciplines, including electrical engineering, acoustics, and music.
An audio engineer is closer to the creative and technical aspects of audio than an acoustical engineer.
Some amateur (and a few professional) engineers are self-taught, and learn mostly by doing, or with the help of an instruction manual.
Many engineers started in other studio jobs (such as running errands), and learned about recording as they became familiar with the studio where they worked.
An engineer learns about the use and placement of microphones, how to operate and maintain an audio mixer, recording deck, sound effects, and other machines, and how to switch between live and recorded sounds, to make the best, and often the most unique, recording possible.
A good engineer will strive to make recordings that are both of high technical quality, and also pleasing to hear.
Starting wages may be small in recording studios, and many beginners work as unpaid volunteers.
Experienced engineers, especially those who have worked on a hit record, may command a large wage.
Some engineers are paid a salary, while others may earn hourly pay (sometimes based on the studio's rates), or be paid per session.
Many go on to start their own recording studios, or maintain a private studio or mobile recording service.
A few work only for a single recording artist, band, or producer.
Several colleges and universities in the United States and other countries offer classes in recording, which may cover its history, its uses, and of course technique and technical knowledge.
Some schools offer degree or diploma programs in Recording.
Graduating such a program does not guarantee a person a studio job, but increases one's chances, and can provide better preparation for such a career.
Mixing consoles
Signal processors
Digital audio workstations
Music sequencers
Preamplifiers
Audio Engineering Society
Audio engineering formulas and calculators
Recording engineer video interviews
Audio Engineering online course  under Creative Commons Licence
Harvey Phillip Spector (December 26, 1939 – January 16, 2021) was an American musician (piano, guitar), songwriter and record producer.
He was most famous as a producer.
He was co-owner of Philles Records (with then-business partner Lester Sill), and later owner of Phil Spector Records.
In 2009 he was found guilty of second degree murder.
He was in prison from 2009 until his death in 2021.
Early work: The "Wall of Sound"
Spector's signature style was called the Wall of Sound.
He used large amounts of echo, doubling and multiplying of musical instruments and the parts to be played, and  of recorded parts.
The built-up effect gave his records an operatic, theatrical quality.
The music sounded "bigger than life".
The effect carried over especially well on AM radio, which was how most music was broadcast in the 1950s and 1960s.
Spector said the Wall of Sound made "...little symphonies for the kids...".
The recording artists who worked with Spector over the years included The Crystals ("Then He Kissed Me"), The Ronettes ("Be My Baby"), The Righteous Brothers ("You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'"), Gene Pitney ("Every Breath I Take"), Darlene Love ("(Today I Met) The Boy I'm Gonna Marry"), and Tina Turner ("River Deep, Mountain High").
Sonny Bono and Cher were among his backup singers.
He married Veronica (Ronnie) Bennett of the Ronettes, who took the name Ronnie Spector.
Spector's strongest work was in creating hit singles.
He knew many fans never listened to the B-sides of singles, and radio seldom played them, so often his B-sides would feature an instrumental jam session, without the singers credited on the record, and with titles like "Flip and Nitty".
Spector also disliked albums.
He called them "two hit (song)s, and ten pieces of junk".
When stereo became more popular than mono in recording, Spector did not follow the trend.
In later years he wore a red badge in public, with the words BACK TO MONO.
Many other producers and musicians imitated the Wall of Sound style, or included elements of it in their own work, including Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys.
Wilson thought of Spector as his biggest rival, although the two did work together on one song, that was used in a .
Hits, and misses
Not all of Spector's productions became hits.
One record, "He Hit Me (And It Felt Like A Kiss)" was pulled from release after complaints were made by listeners, about the song's theme. (
The song was later performed by singer Courtney Love.)
Another record, "This Could Be The Night" (working with both Harry Nilsson and Chip Douglas), went unreleased, although radio  Rodney Bingenheimer used it later as his show's . "(
Let's Dance) The Screw" was a private  to Lester Sill, when his partnership with Spector ended badly, and only a few copies were pressed. "
River Deep, Mountain High", which Spector thought of as his all-time best work, drew little attention in the United States, but it was a hit in other countries.
A Christmas Gift to You
One of the few full albums Spector produced, A Christmas Gift to You, was released in 1963.
The album featured nearly all of the artists Spector worked with regularly.
The album did not become a hit at first, but it went on to become a Christmas perennial.
Many music listeners consider the album a .
The Beatles handed over the rough tapes of their unfinished Get Back album for Spector to post-produce, after John Lennon and George Harrison both worked successfully with him on "Instant Karma!'",
which became a hit single for Lennon.
Let it Be was the title for the finished album (and movie, filmed during the recording sessions).
Beatles fans bought and enjoyed the album and its singles, but some fans and experts disliked portions of Spector's work.
Paul McCartney hated the changes Spector made to "The Long and Winding Road", which he meant to have a simple accompaniment, but was released with a choir and orchestra added.
McCartney never recorded with Spector, but the other three Beatles worked with him several times, on solo recordings.
On camera
Spector appeared as an actor a few times.
One appearance was in an episode of I Dream of Jeannie, as a music producer.
Another was in the movie Easy Rider, as a rich man who buys cocaine from the two main characters.
A character in a 1970 movie, Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, was based on the way many people saw Spector.
He appeared as himself in scenes from Imagine, a 1973 movie about the recording of John Lennon's 1971 album of the same name.
Spector worked less often in the 1970s and 1980s, and his most notable work from those years was with The Ramones and Yoko Ono, the widow of John Lennon.
Spector and Ronnie were divorced, and she sued him years later for unpaid royalties from her years as a singer.
She collected over a million dollars, after many years of going to court.
Spector spent much of his time as a "retired celebrity", staying home at his Alhambra, California  or dining out.
He sometimes invited women guests home, after a night out drinking alcohol.
Some of the women reported later having a pleasant time with Spector.
Others told stories of being abused, detained, or threatened with a gun.
Arrest and trial
In February 2003, police were called to Spector's home to investigate a shooting.
Actress Lana Clarkson was found dead on the grounds.
Spector was charged with second-degree murder.
He admitted possible guilt or involvement in Clarkson's death privately, but decided to plead not guilty in court.
Attorney Robert Shapiro was hired to defend him, but Bruce Cutler, and later Linda Kenney-Baden, took over the job.
Spector's case went to trial in the spring of 2007, and ended in a mistrial that Autumn.
Spector was tried again in 2009 and found guilty of second degree murder.
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
A fugue is a piece of music written for a certain number of parts (voices).
It is a type of counterpoint with a precisely defined structure.
It is based on a tune called the "subject" of the fugue.
The word “fugue“ comes from the Italian “fuga“ meaning “flight“.
How a fugue is written
A fugue is based on one particular tune.
This tune is called the subject.
Each part has an equal share in playing the subject.
When we talk about the “parts” in a fugue we do not mean the “sections” of the piece but the number of voices needed to sing it or instruments to play it.
A “3 part fugue” means a fugue written for three voices or instruments.
Fugues can be in 2, 3, 4, 5 or even 6 parts.
The more parts there are the harder it is to write a fugue because each part has to sound interesting by itself, but together they must also make sense.
3, 4 and 5 part fugues are usual.
A fugue always starts with just one part playing the subject.
Then the other parts come in one at a time until they are all playing.
When the second part comes in it will always be half an octave higher or lower than the beginning (musicians say: “on the dominant”, meaning that it starts on the 5th note of the scale instead of the “tonic” or 1st note).
This called: the answer.
The third part to come in will be the “subject” (in the tonic once again) and the fourth part will be another answer, etc.
If the answer is an exact transposition of the subject (i.e. exactly the same but in the dominant key) it is called a real answer.
Sometimes one or two notes have to be changed so that the music sounds right.
This is called a tonal answer.
For example: a subject that starts with a rising “doh – soh” (an interval of a fifth) will be answered by a rising “soh – doh” in the answer (an interval of a fourth).
When the second part comes in with the answer the first part will have to play something else, called a countersubject.
If this “something else” is used every time in the piece to accompany the answer then it is called a regular countersubject.
The countersubject should sound nice, and be grammatically correct, whether it is on top or below the subject.
This is called “invertible counterpoint”.
Sometimes entries overlap.
This is called stretto (NB “stretto” also has a different meaning in music: “hurried”).
If none of the parts are playing the subject or answer (i.e. they are all playing free parts) this is called an episode.
If it happens during the first section (exposition) then it is called a codetta.
A fugue usually has three sections: the first section is called the “exposition”.
This lasts until all the parts have entered.
The middle section will go through various keys (modulate), and the final section will be back in the main key (tonic), and all the parts will probably play the subject or answer in turn once more.
Composers who wrote fugues
The fugue became a very popular form of music in the Baroque period.
It was often played after a prelude.
The most famous composer of fugues was Johann Sebastian Bach.
He wrote two books, each with 24 Preludes and Fugues, called The Well-Tempered Clavier (in German: Das Wohltemperierte Klavier).
Each book has a prelude and fugue in a different major and minor key.
He also wrote many Preludes and Fugues for organ, sometimes writing a passacaglia, fantasia or toccata instead of the prelude, as in the case of the famous Toccata and Fugue in D minor.
Bach’s fugues became models for future generations.
Composers from later periods studied Bach’s fugues in order to learn how to write their own.
For example, Dmitri Shostakovich, a 20th century composer, wrote preludes and fugues in the same style as Bach.
Fugues can be very dramatic and exciting as each part comes in one at a time and the music builds up.
This is why many composers have ended long works with a fugue.
It helps to build up the tension towards the end of the work.
Even if it is not a strict fugue it might be “fugal” i.e. it might start off as a fugue and then become freer (adding extra parts etc.).
Beethoven uses fugues a lot in the last movement of his late piano sonatas.
Benjamin Britten writes a fugue at the end of A Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra.
At the end of his song for choir called “The Twelve” William Walton starts a fugue with a very long, fast and complicated fugues subject, but it soon develops into a much freer piece of music.
Jermain Defoe (born 7 October 1982) is an English football player.
He plays for Tottenham Hotspur and England national team.
|2000/01||Bournemouth||Second Division||29||18||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||29||18
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|West Ham United||rowspan="3"|Premier League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|2001/02||35||10||3||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||39||14
|2002/03||38||8||2||2||2||1||colspan="2"|-||42||11
|2003/04||First Division||19||11||0||0||3||4||colspan="2"|-||22||15
|2003/04||rowspan="5"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="5"|Premier League||15||7||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||7
|2004/05||35||13||5||4||4||5||colspan="2"|-||44||22
|2005/06||36||9||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||38||9
|2006/07||34||10||5||1||5||4||5||3||49||18
|2007/08||19||4||2||0||5||1||5||3||31||8
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Portsmouth||rowspan="2"|Premier League||12||8||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||8
|2008/09||19||7||0||0||0||0||4||2||23||9
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="2"|Premier League||8||3||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||10||4
|2006||6||2
|2008||6||3
|2009||6||5
Total||38||11
The Province of Ascoli Piceno () is a province in the region of Marche in Italy.
Its capital is the city of Ascoli Piceno.
Ascoli Piceno has an area of .
The province is bordered to the east by the Adriatic Sea and to the north with the provinces of  Macerata and Fermo.
It borders with three regionsː the Abruzzo region to the south, the Lazio region to the soutwest and the Umbria region to the west.
The main river in the province is Tronto,  long and the highest mountain is Monte Vettore (), with an altitude of .
There are 209,450 persons living in the province (1 January 2017).
The population density was  inhabitants/km².
There are 33 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:
The largest comune is Ascoli Piceno, with  and the smallest is Colli del Tronto, with .
The comune with fewest inhabitants is Palmiano, with 188 inhabitants.
Main comuni
The following table shows the 10 comuni with more inhabitants with their population, and their area and altitude.
Province of Ascoli Piceno official website
Ascoli
Ascoli Piceno () is a comune and city in the Marche region, in central Italy.
Ascoli Piceno is the capital of the province of the same name.
The central historical part of the city is built in marble called travertino, a grey-hued stone extracted from the surrounding mountains.
Its central Renaissance square, Piazza del Popolo ("Square of the People") is considered one of the most beautiful in Italy.
The town is in the valley of the Tronto river, at the confluence of this river and the small river Castellano and is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
Two national parks border the town, one on the northwestern side (Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini) and the other on the south (Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga).
The comune of Ascoli Piceno has an area of  and its altitude is .
It has a small exclave (Piana della Forcella, 0,5 km2).
Ascoli Piceno borders with the following comuniː to the north, Venarotta, Rotella, Castel di Lama and Castorano; to the east, Castignano, Appignano del Tronto and Colli del Tronto; to the south, Folignano, Maltignano and the comuni of the province of Teramo (Abruzzo) of Ancarano, Sant'Egidio alla Vibrata, Civitella del Tronto and Valle Castellana; and to west with Acquasanta Terme, Roccafluvione and Venarotta.
Some mountains close to comune are Monte Ascensione, Montagna dei Fiori and Monte Vettore.
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Ascoli Picenoː Bivio Giustimana, Campolungo, Caprignano, Carpineto, Casalena, Casamurana, Case Schiavi, Castel Trosino, Cavignano, Cervara, Colle, Colle San Marco, Colloto, Colonna, Colonnata, Coperso, Faiano, Fonte di Campo, Funti, Giustimana, Il Palazzo, Lago, Lisciano, Lisciano di Colloto, Montadamo, Monte di Rosara, Morignano, Mozzano, Oleificio Panichi, Palombare, Pedana, Piagge, Pianaccerro, Polesio, Ponte Pedana, Porchiano, Rosara, San Gaetano, San Pietro, Santa Maria a Corte, Talvacchia, Taverna di mezzo, Trivigliano-Villa Pagani, Tozzano, Tronzano, Valle Cupa, Valle Fiorana, Valle Senzana, Valli, Vena piccola, Venagrande, Villa Sant'Antonio.
Ascoli was founded by an Italic population (Piceni) several centuries before the building by Rome of the important Via Salaria, the salt road that connected Latium with the salt production areas on the Adriatic coast.
In 268 BC it became a civitas foederata, a "federated" city with nominal independence from Rome.
In 91 BC, together with other cities in central Italy, it revolted against Rome, but in 89 BC was reconquered and destroyed by Pompeius Strabo.
Its inhabitants got Roman citizenship, following the developments and the eventual fall of the Roman Empire.
There are 49,203 persons living in the comune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
The people from this comune are known, in Italian, as ascolani.
Trier, Germany, since 1958
Massy, France, since 1997
Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, since 1998
Chattanooga, United States, since 2006
Bayonne, France, since 2008
Norcia, Italy, since 2010
Amatrice, Italy, since 2010
Veles, Republic of Macedonia, since 2011
Civitella del Tronto, Italy
Ascoli Piceno official website
Settlements in Marche
Franz Beckenbauer (born 11 September 1945), called "The Kaiser", is a German retired football player.
He played as defender for Bayern Munich, Hamburger SV and Cosmos New York.
After the end of his active career he was the coach of the Germany national team and Bayern Munich.
Beckenbauer is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time.
Franz Beckenbauer grew up in the working-class district of Giesing and started playing football at the age of nine with the youth team of SC Munich '06 in 1954.
Although he was a supporter of 1860 München he went to Bayern München.
Beckenbauer made his debut with Bayern in the Regionalliga Süd on the left wing against Stuttgarter Kickers on 6 June 1964.
This year Bayern was promoted to the new German Bundesliga.
During Beckenbauer's time at Bayern Munich, the club won three league championships in a row from 1972 to 1974 and also a hat-trick of European Cup wins (1974–76).
After his time with München he signed with Cosmos New York (1977) in the North American Soccer League.
After two years with the Hamburger SV (1980-1982) he played till 1983 again with Cosmos.
He played 103 matches for the German football national team.
He was member of the World Cup squad in 1966 (2nd), 1970 (3rd) and 1974 (1st).
In 1972 he won the European Championship.
As manager he won the World Cup 1990 and was runner up in 1986.
Afterwards he became coach of his former team FC Bayern München and won the title in 1994 and the UEFA Cup in 1996.
He did lobbing work for Germanys wish to host the 2006 World Cup.
After the decision to give them to Germany he was member of the organizational committee.
|1965/66||rowspan="12"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="12"|Bundesliga||33||4||colspan="2"|-||33||4
|1966/67||33||2||9||0||42||2
|1967/68||28||4||7||1||35||5
|1968/69||33||2||colspan="2"|-||33||2
|1969/70||34||5||2||0||26||5
|1970/71||33||3||8||1||41||4
|1971/72||34||6||7||1||41||7
|1972/73||34||6||6||1||40||7
|1973/74||34||5||10||1||44||6
|1974/75||33||1||7||1||40||2
|1975/76||34||5||9||0||43||5
|1976/77||33||3||colspan="2"|-||33||3
|1977||rowspan="4"|New York Cosmos||rowspan="4"|NASL||15||4||colspan="2"|-||15||4
|1978||27||8||colspan="2"|-||27||8
|1979||12||1||colspan="2"|-||12||1
|1980||26||4||colspan="2"|-||26||4
|1980/81||rowspan="2"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||18||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|1981/82||10||0||5||0||15||0
|1983||New York Cosmos||NASL||25||2||colspan="2"|-||25||2
|1965||3||0
|1966||12||7
|1967||5||0
|1968||9||1
|1969||6||0
|1970||12||2
|1971||9||2
|1972||7||0
|1973||10||1
|1974||15||0
|1975||7||0
|1976||7||1
|1977||1||0
Total||103||14
1976 Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Verdienstkreuz am Bande des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)
1982 Bavarian Order of Merit
1982 Golden Ring of Honour of the City of Munich
1986 Cross of Merit 1st class of the Federal Republic of Germany (Verdienstkreuz 1.
Klasse des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)
1995 Honorary Golden Coin of the City of Munich
2004 Honorary Doctor of National Sports Academy Sofia
2006 Commanders Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Großes Verdienstkreuz des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)
2008 Lower Saxon Merit 1st Class
2009 Order of Merit of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia
2011 Honorary consul of the Republic of Kosovo and of the Football Federation of Kosovo.
Bundesliga –
Winner: 1968–69, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74
DFB Cup –
Winner: 1965–66, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1970–71
European Cup –
Winner: 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup –
Winner: 1966–67
Intercontinental Cup –
Winner: 1976
Regionalliga Süd –
Winner: 1965, 31 matches 16 goals
Winner: 1981–82
NASL Championship –
Winner: 1977, 1978, 1980
Trans-Atlantic Cup Championships –
Winner: 1980, 1983
FIFA World Cup –
Winner: 1974
Runner-up: 1966
Third-Place: 1970
UEFA European Football Championship –
Winner: 1972
Runner-up: 1976
Winner: 1990
Runner-up: 1986
French Ligue 1 –
Winner: 1990–91
Winner: 1993–94
UEFA Cup –
Winner: 1995–96
FIFA Centennial Player and Football Personality Award
Laureus Lifetime Achievement Award
Winner: 1972, 1976
Runner-up: 1974, 1975
FIFA World Cup Young Player of the Tournament:
FIFA World Cup Golden Ball-
Runner-up: 1974
FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament:
European Football Championships Team of the Tournament:
1972, 1976
German Footballer of the Year:
1966, 1968, 1974, 1976
NASL Most Valuable Player Award:
World Soccer Magazine of the Year
Franz Beckenbauer Foundation
Facts on Beckenbauer
Portrait of Franz Beckenbauer
Unofficial career stats
1966 FIFA World Cup players
1970 FIFA World Cup players
1974 FIFA World Cup players
German football managers
German footballers
Sportspeople from Munich
FC Bayern München managers
The groundhog (also known as the chuck, wood-shock, groundpig, whistlepig, whistler, thickwood badger, Canada marmot, monax, moonack, weenusk, red monk, or siffleux) is a rodent.
It belongs to the group of ground squirrels.
Those squirrels are also known as marmots.
The animal may also be called woodchuck, or whistlepig.
Groundhogs dig tunnels and live underground.
Groundhog holes, called burrows, are easy to recognize; they are holes, about 9.in (inches) (23 cm (centimeters)) wide which usually have large piles of dirt and rocks at the entrance.
Every single hole, may have tunnels which lead to as many as ten other holes, the tunnels are very large and can have chambers, like rooms, in them.
Groundhogs can make their homes under trees, around buildings and in open fields.
Some problems with groundhogs are that they eat crops and dig around the foundations of buildings.
When groundhogs dig around buildings this can cause damage if the holes go too far under the building.
In the United States, there is a holiday called Groundhog Day.
It is celebrated on February 2 of every year.
Squirrels are a large family of small to medium rodents.
It includes tree squirrels, which are described on this page.
Squirrels are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and have been introduced to Australia.
The earliest known squirrels date from the Eocene and are most closely related to the mountain beaver and to the dormouse among living rodent families.
Most squirrels are omnivores; they eat anything they find.
Many kinds of squirrels live in trees, so they often find nuts.
They eat seeds, berries and pine cones too.
Sometimes they eat bird's eggs and insects.
Most tree squirrels store food in the fall, to eat in the winter.
Ground squirrels do not store food.
They hibernate which means they spend winter in a deep sleep.
Squirrels have many predators or enemies.
Foxes, wolves, coyotes, bears, raccoons, lynx, cougars, eagles, hawks and owls eat squirrels.
Tree squirrels
The most common European squirrels are red or brown in color, while common American squirrels are grey or black.
Grey squirrels have been introduced from America into Europe (most notably, Great Britain).
The greys carry a virus to which they are immune, but which is deadly to red squirrels.
They have taken over most of the red squirrels' territory in deciduous forest.
This has greatly reduced the red squirrel's population.
Red squirrels still enjoy dominance in the pine forests of northern Britain, but they are now rare in southern areas.
The grey squirrel is regarded as vermin.
It is illegal to release any into the wild, and any caught have to be humanely killed.
Squirrels breed in February and March in winter, and in June and July in summer.
Females may become pregnant up to twice a year.
Usually four to six young are born, after a gestation period (pregnancy) of around thirty-nine days.
Only the mother looks after the young, which are born completely helpless.
Young squirrels are deaf and blind during the first few weeks of their life.
Most squirrels die in the first year of life.
Adult squirrels can have a lifespan of five to ten years in the wild.
Some can survive 10 to 20 years in captivity.
Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside a female viviparous animal, until its birth.
Mammals can have more than one embryo or fetus at the same time.
The time between fertilization of an ovum and the birth of the young is called the gestation period.
Humans have a gestation period of around 37 weeks or about 9 months and 1 week.
Syrian hamsters have a gestation period of 16 days.
That is believed to be the shortest gestation period.
The time the gestation period takes depends on the size of the animal, smaller ones have short lengths and bigger ones have the opposite.
Shrews are small mammals which look rather like mice.
They were classified in the old Insectivora, but that is no longer used.
Now they are classified in the family Soricidae, suborder Soricomorpha.
Although its external appearance is generally that of a long-nosed mouse, a shrew is not a rodent, as mice are.
In fact it is related to moles.
Shrews are distributed almost worldwide.
Of the major tropical and temperate land masses, only New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand do not have any native shrews.
In South America, shrews are relatively recent immigrants and are present only in the northern Andes.
In terms of species diversity, the shrew family is the fourth most successful mammal family.
The old order Insectivora was not a natural (monophyletic) group.
New terms are used to classify its former groups.
That explains the little-known terms in the taxobox.
All shrews are small, most no larger than a mouse.
The largest is the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus), which is about 15 cm long and weighs around 100 grams.
Several are very small: the Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus), is about 3.5 cm and 2 grams.
It is the smallest living terrestrial mammal and the smallest type of shrew.
In general, shrews live in and on the ground.
They search for seeds, insects, nuts, and worms.
Some climb trees, some live underground, some live under snow, and some hunt in water.
They have small eyes, and generally poor vision, but have excellent senses of hearing and smell.
They are very active animals, with big appetites.
Shrews have an unusually high metabolic rate.
Shrews usually eat 80–90% of their own body weight in food daily.
They do not hibernate, but can enter torpor.
Shrews can lose between 30% and 50% of their body weight in winter, shrinking the size of bones, skull and internal organs.
Unlike rodents, which have gnawing incisors that grow continually, the teeth of shrews wear down throughout life, and they lose their milk teeth before birth.
Therefore, they have only one set of teeth for their lifetime.
Apart from the first pair of incisors, which are long and sharp, and the chewing molars at the back of the mouth, the teeth of shrews are small and peg-like, and may be reduced in number.
The dental formula of shrews is: upper=3.1.1-3.3; lower=1-2.0-1.1.3.
Fiercely territorial
Shrews are fiercely territorial.
They drive off rivals, and come together only to mate.
Many species dig burrows to store food and hide from predators, but this is not universal.
Some of them echolocate by squeaking, some are venomous, some have teeth strengthened by iron on the tips, they make ultrasonic squeaks, and two genera echolocate by clicks.
They eat plenty and often.
They are very active animals, with voracious appetites.
Shrews have unusually high metabolic rates, above that expected in small mammals.
For this reason, they need to eat almost constantly.
Probably the aquatic nymphs of insects (for example, mosquito larvae) are on the menu even though many of these are themselves hungry eaters.
Ground squirrels are marmots.
These are small rodents, squirrels which live on and in the ground.
Most of them live in the mountains, like the Sierra Nevada, or the Alps.
Marmots make holes in the ground.
They live in burrows, underground.
They hibernate, that is they sleep through the winter.
Marmots are very social animals.
They group together easily.
They also like to communicate with each other, with whistles, especially when they sense danger.
They vary in size and habits.
Most are able to rise up on their hind legs and stand fully erect comfortably for long periods.
This way they watch for predators.
They tend to live together more than other squirrels, and many live in colonies with complex social structures.
Most Marmotini are rather short-tailed and large squirrels.
The Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) is the largest living member of the Sciuridae, at 53–73 cm in length and weighing 5–8 kg.
Chipmonk
The  'Human Be-In'  was an event during the afternoon and evening of January 14, 1967.
It was held in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park.
The Human Be-In caused the Summer of Love, which introduced hippie life and the word psychedelic to everyday Americans, and made the Haight-Ashbury area of San Francisco famous because it was the center of an American counterculture.
The hippie movement had two main sources.
One source was college students who were not happy about the way the country was headed.
They did not like the way African Americans were being treated in the South or the way young men were being drafted to fight in the Vietnam War.
The other source of the hippie movement was the 'Beat Generation' (poets and jazz hipsters).
Throughout the early 1960s, college students who were against the policies of segregation in Southern United States would travel to the south.