the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He later studied geology and mineralogy in New Haven, and afterwards paleontology and anatomy in Berlin, Heidelberg and Breslau.
He returned to the United States in 1866 and was appointed professor of vertebrate paleontology at Yale University.
He persuaded his uncle George Peabody to establish the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale.
In May 1871, Marsh uncovered the first pterosaur fossils found in America.
He also found early horses, the Cretaceous and Jurassic dinosaurs Apatosaurus and Allosaurus, and described the toothed birds of the Cretaceous; Ichthyornis and Hesperornis.
Marsh is also known for the so-called "Bone Wars" waged against Edward Drinker Cope.
The two men were fiercely competitive, discovering and documenting more than 120 new species of dinosaur between them.
Marsh eventually won the Bone Wars by finding 80 new species of dinosaur, while Cope only found 56.
A web application is a software application that can be run without being installed on the client and that has several parts: A part of it will run on the remote web server, another part will run on the client, usually inside a web browser.
Both parts communicate over a computer network, for example the internet.
The protocol they often use is  called HTTP.
This kind of application design is called client-server model.
The parts are usually called "tiers".
The most common kind is a three-tier application: One tier is called Presentation tier, another is called Application tier, and the third is called Storage tier.
Common examples of web applications are those used for web mail, or for online banking.
Social media sites, such as Wikipedia are also web applications.
Web applications run "inside" a browser; no complex installation is needed.
Web applications require very little disk space (or computing power) on the client.
All the client does is display the data.
Web applications solve some of the "compatibility issues" (Windows, Mac, Linux); all that is needed is a browser.
In many cases, the data is stored remotely too.
As with other cloud computing, this can allow easy communication and cooperation.
Help for communication and mail
Because they run inside a web browser, most web applications "look" very different to regular programs.
The user experience or ease of use is different and some may dislike it.
Web applications need to be coded so they follow standards.
Any browser that also follows the standard can be used.
Small changes in a given browser's implementation of a standard may prevent that browser from using the web application.
Web applications need a connection to the server where the application runs, all the time.
The connection may need a certain bandwidth.
Without an adequate connection, the application may not be usable; in the worst case, data may be lost.
Many applications are dependent on the server that hosts them.
When the server is switched off, or the company goes bust, the application is no longer usable.
Traditional applications continue to work.
The company offering the web application has complete control over it.
This also means that they may launch a new version when they want to; the option to "skip" a less popular version does not exist.
It may not be possible to export the data so that it can be used with another application.
The company can theoretically track anything the users do.
This can cause privacy problems.
HTML 5 Draft recommendation,  changes to HTML and related APIs to ease authoring of web-based applications.
The Other Road Ahead – An article arguing that the future lies on the server, not rich interfaces on the client
Web Applications Working Group at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Requirements to Become a Web Developer
The boron group, also known as Group III and Group 13, is a group of elements on the periodic table.
Most of its members are poor metals, except for boron.
Boron is a semimetal.
The rest of the elements are soft metals.
Boron, brittle hard black semimetal
Aluminium, common soft silvery metal
Gallium, easily melted silvery metal
Indium, soft silvery metal
Thallium, highly toxic very soft metal
Nihonium, unstable manmade element
Bottom quarks or beauty quarks are the second most massive of the elementary particles (particles that are so small that they can not be divided any more).
All quarks are elementary particles.
Bottom quarks have a charge of -1/3, similar to down quarks.
Although bottom quarks are not very common, they are found in particles such as B mesons, among others.
All bottom quarks will decay into charm quarks or up quarks in about 10–12, due to weak force.
Top quarks or truth quarks are the heaviest known elementary particles (particles that are so small that they can not be divided).
All quarks are elementary particles, and since they are fermions (which means that no two of them can exist in the same place at the same time), they have a spin of 1/2.
Top quarks interact with all four of the fundamental forces, which are gravity, electromagnetism, strong force, and weak force.
Almost all of the time, top quarks will decay into a bottom quark and a W boson, although it can sometimes decay into a strange quark.
One top quark weighs about as much as one atom of tungsten.
Since top quarks are so massive, scientists have been able to make predictions about the mass of the theoretical particle known as a Higgs Boson.
Unfortunately, top quarks are only believed to be able to exist for 5x10–25 seconds.
Gauge bosons are carrier particles for three of the four fundamental forces.
In the Standard Model of particle physics, there are four kinds of gauge bosons.
The three gauge bosons are as follows:
W and Z bosons, which carry the weak force
Gluons, which carry the strong force
Photons, which carry the electromagnetic force
The only remaining fundamental force that has no known gauge boson is gravity.
The theoretical gauge boson for gravity is called a graviton.
All gauge bosons are bosons, which simply means that two or more of them can exist in the same place at the same time, unlike fermions.
It also means that gauge bosons have a spin of 0, 1, or 2.
Gauge bosons are thought to interact with the Higgs field.
This theoretical field is believed by many scientists to be responsible for why some gauge bosons – like W and Z bosons – have mass, while others – such as photons – do not have mass.
Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (May 5, 1846 – November 15, 1916) was a Polish journalist and Nobel Prize-winning novelist.
Quo Vadis (made into an Oscar-winning film starring Peter Ustinov)
In Desert and Wilderness ()
The Teutonic Knights ()
The trilogy: The Fire and the Sword (), The Deluge () and Colonel Wołodyjowski ().
Polish journalists
Hyperons are particles that are made of quarks.
What makes them different from other baryons (particles made of three quarks) is that they must have at least one strange quark, but no charm quarks or bottom quarks.
Strange quarks have a property known as strangeness.
Strangeness causes the strange quark–and all other particles bonded with it–to not decay by strong force, but instead due to the much slower weak force.
Since all quarks are fermions (which means that no two of them can be in the same point in space at the same point in time), each quark has a spin of 1/2, adding up to a total spin of 3/2 for a hyperon.
This quickly decays into a 1/2 spin particle.
Hyperons themselves decay due to weak force.
There are dozens of different hyperon combinations.
For example, a Λ (lambda) hyperon has a charge of 0, and is often written as Λ0.
When it decays, it usually creates one proton, and one antipion.
Like many forms of weak force decay, there is more than one possible outcome.
A Λ0 also has a significantly lower, but still possible, chance to decay into a neutron and an uncharged pion.
Λ0 hyperons have an average lifespan of 2.6x10−10 seconds, which makes it one of the longest living hyperons.
Scientists still study hyperons in labs across the world, such as CERN, Fermilab, and SLAC.
Hyperons provide answers questions for problems such as CP Violation, in which symmetries that were believed to be true may not be true.
The Donner Party were a group of at least 87 American settlers who tried to cross the Sierra Nevada into California in the winter of 1846–47.
Most historians count 87 members of the party.
Stephen McCurdy in the Western Journal of Medicine includes three others, bringing the number to 90.
39 of them died from starvation, disease and the cold weather.
The rest reached California the following year.
They became famous in the history of the American West.
The party left Springfield, Illinois in April 1846.
They were led by two brothers, Jacob and George Donner.
The settlers followed the California Trail to Fort Bridger in Wyoming.
From there, they left the trail to take a different route that was not used much.
It was reportedly a shorter way to California.
This route was called the Hastings' Cutoff.
There was much hardship and suffering on this route.
They wasted 18 precious days.
Instead of being shorter, it took them much longer to get across Nevada.
On October 28, heavy snows trapped the settlers in the Sierra Nevada mountains.
The group made shelters, but ran out of food.
Some of them resorted to cannibalism in order to survive.
On December 16, seventeen people tried to go west again.
Of these, two went back to the camp.
Of the fifteen who kept going, seven stayed alive and reached a settlement on the western side of the mountains after 32 days.
After this, a rescue party went back, and in about two weeks made it to one of the camps set up in the mountains.
After this, three more groups tried to rescue those trapped in the mountains.
The last person was rescued on April 7,1847.
In all, 45 people from the original Donner Party died, and there were 36 who survived.
All the survivors made it to California, but they disagreed about what happened during the winter and whose fault it was.
Today, there are several memorials to the group, including a monument and the Donner Memorial State Park.
A lake was also named after them.
Puppet History talked about the Donner Party in the episode "The Grisly Journey of the Donner Party."
Body of Evidence is a 1993 American erotic thriller movie starring Madonna, Willem Dafoe, Joe Mantegna, Anne Archer and Julianne Moore.
The movie was written by Brad Mirman, directed Uri Edel and produced by Dino De Laurentiis.
It was given an "NC-17" rating because it showed female nudity, sex scenes, and vulgar language.
The movie performed very poorly at the box office and was rejected by critics; the New York Times described it as a "sluggish courtroom melodrama."
The 99 minute long movie was released by MGM.
Rebecca Carlson (Madonna) is on trial in Oregon for murder.
The district attorney Robert Garret (Joe Mantegna) is sure she used her body as a weapon, causing her victim to die from a heart attack while having sex.
She will inherit eight million dollars from the victim.
She hires a good lawyer, Frank Dulaney (Willem Dafoe) to defend her in court.
1990s erotic movies
1993 thriller movies
American erotic movies
BDSM-related media
Movies directed by Uli Edel
The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait was a military campaign to occupy Kuwait in the Persian Gulf.
Started by Saddam Hussein in 1990 who accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi oil through slant drilling.
In August 2, 1990 Iraq launched 88,000 troops backed up by 750 tanks into Kuwait.
Two days after the invasion Kuwait was fully occupied and surrendered.
Saddam Hussein made a temporary annexation of Kuwait as the 19th province of Iraq.
It was not recognized by the United Nations or other countries.
Oil production
After the occupation, Iraq took over many of the Kuwaiti oil fields and started taking the oil to keep for Iraq.
Factories, businesses and industries were also taken over by Iraqis as well.
Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah (born 16 June 1929 in Kuwait City – 15 January 2006) was an Emir of Kuwait, also known as the Last Emir in and before the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait.
Leuconostoc is a gram-positive bacteria, emerging human pathogen found in environment and food products.
Risk factors of infection include antibiotic pressure, foreign device, or underlying immune defects.
Commercial diagnostics are commonly used to identify gram-positive bacteria, with errors mostly at the species level.
Pediococcus is a genus of gram-positive lactic acid bacteria.
They usually occur in pairs or tetrads, and divide along two planes of symmetry, as do the other lactic acid cocci genera.
They are purely homofermentative.
Pediococcus strains are found in foods, on plants, and as beer-spoilage agents.
They produce inactive lactic acid and are used mainly for making fermented vegetables, mashes, beer, and wort.
Portishead (, with the stress on head) are an English musical group from Bristol.
The band is named after the nearby town of the same name,  west of Bristol.
Portishead is Geoff Barrow, Beth Gibbons, and Adrian Utley, while sometimes using a fourth member Dave McDonald; an engineer on Dummy.
As a child, Knight was deeply interested in nature and animals, and spent many hours copying the illustrations from his father’s natural history books.
Though legally blind, he was partially sighted.
He had severe astigmatism, and a later injury to his right eye, but had specially-designed glasses.
At twelve, he enrolled at the Metropolitan Art School to become a commercial artist.
In his free time, Knight visited the American Museum of Natural History, and attracted the attention of Dr. Jacob Wortman.
Soon the museum commissioned Knight to produce a series of watercolors for their fossil halls.
These paintings were hugely popular among visitors, and Knight continued to work with the museum well into the 1930s.
He painted what would become some of the most celebrated images of dinosaurs, prehistoric mammals, and prehistoric humans.
One of Knight's best-known pieces for the American Museum of Natural History is 1897’s Leaping Laelaps, one of the few pre-1960s images to present dinosaurs as active, fast-moving creatures.
This was long before the theories of modern paleontologists like Robert Bakker.
Other familiar American Museum paintings include Knight’s portrayals of Agathaumas, Allosaurus, Brontosaurus, Smilodon, and the Woolly Mammoth.
All of these have been reproduced many times.
Nationwide attention
Soon, natural history museums throughout the country began asking Knight for paintings as background for their own fossil exhibits.
In 1925 Knight produced an elaborate mural for the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
This illustrated some of the birds and mammals whose remains had been found in the nearby La Brea Tar Pits.
The following year, Knight began a 28-mural series for Chicago’s Field Museum of Natural History, a project which showed the history of life on earth and took four years to complete.
At the Field Museum, he produced one of his best-known pieces, a mural featuring Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops.
This confrontation scene between a predator and its prey would inspire many imitations, establishing the two dinosaurs as 'mortal enemies' in the popular consciousness.
Knight’s work also found its way to the Carnegie Museums in Pittsburgh; the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.; and Yale's Peabody Museum of Natural History, among others.
Several zoos, such as the Bronx Zoo, the Lincoln Park Zoo, and the Brookfield Zoo, also got Knight to paint murals of their living animals.
Knight illustrated books and magazines, and became a frequent contributor to National Geographic.
He also wrote and illustrated several books of his own, such as Before the Dawn of History (Knight, 1935), Life Through the Ages (1946), Animal Drawing: Anatomy and Action for Artists (1947), and Prehistoric Man: The Great Adventure (1949).
Additionally, Knight became a popular lecturer, describing prehistoric life to audiences across the country.
Knight worked in an era when new and often fragmentary fossils were coming out of the American west in quantity.
Understandably, not all of his creations were based on solid evidence.
His painting of ceratopsians as solitary animals in lush grassy landscapes was incorrect.
The grasslands which feature in many of his paintings did not appear until the Cainozoic, and ceratopsians are known to have been gregarious animals.
Knight restored many dinosaurs with typical reptilian-like limbs and narrow hips.
In the 1920s, studies by palaeontologists had confirmed that dinosaurs had broad avian-like hips rather than those of a present-day reptile.
Knight often restored extinct mammals, birds and marine reptiles in action poses, but his depictions of large dinosaurs as ponderous swamp-dwellers destined for extinction reflected more traditional concepts.
In his catalogue to Life through the Ages (1946), he repeated views he had written earlier (Knight, 1935).
He described the great beasts as "slow-moving dunces" that were "unadaptable and unprogressive" while conceding that small dinosaurs may have been more active.
In fact, by their long survival in a world of many predators, herbivorous dinosaurs were as effective as they needed to be.
The dinosaur tail
The single most obvious fault in his dinosaur paintings was one he shared with all the paleontologists of his day.
They did not realise the tail was used as a counterbalance, and so in movement was held horizontal, not dragged along the ground.
In many species the ligaments of the tail were ossified (turned into bone), so the tail simply must have been horizontal.
Deinonychus is a good example.
Admirers
Other admirers have included special effects artist Ray Harryhausen, who writes in his autobiography An Animated Life, “Long before Obie (Willis O'Brien), myself, and Steven Spielberg, he put flesh on creatures that no human had ever seen. […]
At the L.A. County Museum I vividly remember a beautiful Knight mural on one of the walls depicting the way the tar pits would have looked in ancient times.
This, plus a picture book about Knight’s work my mother gave me, were my first encounters with a man who was to prove an enormous help when the time came for me to make three-dimensional models of these extinct beings”.
Modern publications
A commemorative edition of Knight’s 1946 book Life Through the Ages was recently published by Indiana University Press
A 2007 calendar  of Knight’s paintings is also available.
Fantasy artist William Stout has been compiling a series of Charles Knight Sketchbooks, which contain many rare and previously unpublished drawings and studies by Knight.
UNKLE (also written as Unkle and U.N.K.L.E.) is a British musical band founded in 1994 by school friends James Lavelle and Tim Goldsworthy.
Originally in the trip-hop business, the group once included producer DJ Shadow and has used a variety of guest artists and producers.
Joseph Erlanger (5 January, 1874- 5 December, 1965) was an American physiologist.
He won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Herbert Spencer Gasser, for discovering that different nerve fibres have different functions.
American neuroscientists
American physiologists
Herbert Gasser (Herbert Spencer Gasser, July 5, 1888  May 11, 1963) was an American doctor.
He won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Joseph Erlanger.
Gasser discovered the different conductivity rates of different groups of nerve fibres.
The work led to advances in our knowledge of the mechanism of pain and of reflex action and has inspired a large school of neurophysiologists.
The Nobel Foundation described their work as "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" which probably means 'different fibres do different things'.
Pseudopodia  are temporary and cytoplasm-filled parts of the cell membrane that are able to change their form in order to move.
They are used in some eukaryotic cells to move around or to eat.
Most cells that do this are called amoeboids.
The amoeba is a common example.
The cell wall makes a network of fibers.
The cytoplasm flows into the network and fills it up, similar to a net filled with gelatin.
This is able to move, lengthen, or shorten.
The pseudopodia extends from the amoeba.
Then the main part of the amoeba flows into that pseudopodia and the amoeba has changed its place.
Pseudopods are one of the three locomotion modes of unicellular organisms (together with flagella and cilia).
Pseudopods can also capture prey by phagocytosis.
Pseudopedia are used by some cells to move around.
They can detect food and place it inside the cell.
The human white blood cell uses this way to get around.
Lobopodia are short and blunt in form, very typical of Amoeba.
It uses pseudopodia to capture it's food and for movement
Filopodia are more slender and filiform with pointed ends.
Reticulopodia, also known as reticulose pseudopods, are complex formations where individual pseudopods are blended together and form irregular nets.
Axopodia are thin pseudopods and are enveloped by cytoplasm.
Axopodia are responsible for phagocytosis, by rapidly retracting in response to physical contacts.
They are observed in radiolaria and heliozoa.
Tricky (born Adrian Nicholas Matthews Thaws, 27 January 1968) is an English musician and actor.
As a producer and a musician, he is noted for a dark, rich and layered sound and a whispering lyrical style.
Culturally, Tricky encourages a togetherness of societies, particularly in his musical ensemble of rock and hip hop, high art and pop culture.
His debut album Maxinquaye was nominated for the Mercury Prize and voted Album of the Year by NME Magazine.
Tricky was born in Knowle West, Bristol, England.
His father left the family before he was born and his mother, Maxine Quaye, committed suicide when he was only four.
He named his solo album after her - Maxinquaye - and once said that though he hardly knew her, he feels like she's speaking through him with his words.
He spent his childhood and teen years in the care of his grandmother, who often let him watch old horror movies instead of going to school.
At 15 he began to write lyrics ("I like to rock, I like to dance, I like pretty girls taking down their pants" MixMag 1996) At 17, he spent some time in prison because he bought forged £50 notes from a friend, who later told the police.
In an interview, Tricky said: "Prison was really good.
I'm never going back" (NME 1995).
Maxinquaye (1995) #3 UK
Nearly God (1996) #10 UK
Pre-Millennium Tension (1996) #30 UK, #140 US
Angels with Dirty Faces (1998) #23 UK, #84 US
Juxtapose (1999) (with DJ Muggs and Dame Grease) #22 UK, #182 US
Blowback (2001) #34 UK, #138 US
Vulnerable (2003) #88 UK
Knowle West Boy (2008) #63 UK, #147 US
Mixed Race (2010) #118 UK
False Idols (2013) #66 UK, #149 US
The Wild Bunch were a sound system based in the St Pauls area of Bristol, England from 1983 to 1986.
The group was known for playing sets that drew large crowds on the club scene and had performed shows as far away as London.
They performed in soundclashes against other Bristol sound systems.
The Wild Bunch's sound used a lot of different musical styles - an unusual thing at the time.
Their shows included parts of punk, R&B and reggae, with a use on slower rhythms and ambient electronic music that would become a start of the Bristol sound, more popularly known as trip-hop.
They were a key member of what became the Bristol underground scene.
Robert Del Naja, Grant Marshall and Andrew Vowles, went on to form Massive Attack in 1987.
Tricky, also a part-time member of the outfit, performed with Massive Attack on their first and second full-length releases, Blue Lines and Protection respectively, before pursuing a successful solo career.
Nellee Hooper, who moved to London after the group's dissolution and worked as a producer and remixer for a number of major artists, including Madonna, U2, No Doubt, Björk and Massive Attack themselves.
He won the 1995 BRIT Award for Best Producer.
He was also a member of Soul II Soul.
Rhynchosaurs were a group of Triassic diapsid reptiles related to the archosaurs.
They were herbivores, and at times abundant (in some fossil localities accounting for 40 to 60% of specimens found), with stocky bodies and a powerful beak.
Vitoria-Gasteiz is the Basque Country capital.
It is in the north of Spain and was a little town until 1950.
Since 1950 the city has changed a lot because of important industrialization.
The official name of the city is Vitoria-Gasteiz.
People usually call it simply Vitoria or Gasteiz.
In Basque it is called Gasteiz, and some Basque speakers call it Vitorixe.
Between 1960 and 1970, the city grew a lot because people arrived to work at the new and great industrial companies.
Statistics say the population doubled between these dates, and this is the motive for a great transformation, not only demographic but social.
Later, in 1980, Vitoria-Gasteiz  was named the Basque Country capital, and the new public institutions, the Basque Government and Basque Parliament were located in Vitoria.
This was an important impetus for the tertiary sector.
This, together with the great industrial firms were responsible for a big social change in the city.
There has been another change in the population as people have come from other countries in recent years to work in building and industry.
This happened later in Vitoria-Gasteiz and the Basque Country than in other areas.
Today, non-EU (European Union) newcomers form 5.8% of the population in Vitoria-Gasteiz, 5% in Araba and 3.4% in the Basque Country.
The main motive why Vitoria-Gasteiz has more of these immigrants is because recently there was a lot of jobs in building, a sector where Basque people won't work.
The inhabitants in Vitoria-Gasteiz live in apartments, and there are not many detached houses like in other towns in Europe.
There are nice neighbourhoods, some with big squares, trees and parks where young people and families with children live, and other older neighbourhoods with beautiful and narrow streets and where older people walk.
Vitoria-Gasteiz became an industrial city in the second half of the twentieth century.
There had been some companies already.
For example, Bartolome Riego set up a printing press in the town for the first time in 1722.
Industries began on the outskirts of the city, away from the centre, special areas for making objects.
Companies from  Biscay (Bizkaia) and Gipuzkoa moved to Vitoria because land was cheaper there.
Between 1950 and 1977, 833 companies started in the city.
The largest effects of this was that the city grew quickly, with many immigrants and a mixture of cultures.
Between 1950 and 1975 the population grew from 53,000 to 173,000.
In 1975, only 41.8% of the population had been born in the city.
Medieval origins
Vitoria-Gasteiz is a very old city.
It was founded in 1180 by the Navarrese King Sancho VI, who conquered the small hill village of Gasteiz and decided to call it New Victoria.
Only nineteen years later the city fell into the hands Castille´s King Alfonso VIII.
The new king enlarged the city with three new streets on the west side of the hill. (
Correría, Zapatería, Herrería)
The city prospered quickly it was on  the shortest way between the Court of Castille and northern Europe.
Between the 15th and 18th centuries
In this century the customs house was moved from Vitoria to the coast, seriously affecting  the local economy.
However, the effect was softened with the development of the services sector.
In 1813 Spanish forces with their allies defeated France in the Battle of Vitoria, ending the French invasion.
With the turn of the century come the first modern factories.
They were small family businesses.
Now there are also multinationals, for example Mercedes Benz and Michelin.
Vitoria-Gasteiz has several important buildings.
Its medieval quarter is in the highest part of the city.
Its streets are narrow.
There are several historic houses : Montehermoso, Villasuso, Escoriaza, Esquíbel, etc.
There are also the Archaeology and Card Museums.
Vitoria - Gasteiz will be European  Green Capital in 2012.
The European Green Capital Conference in Stockholm gave the award to Vitoria on  21 October 2011; Other cities competed, for example Barcelona, Malmo, Nantes, Nuremberg and Reykjavik.
In the end Vitoria, the second smallest city, was champion.
Vitoria has a green ring around the city, with more than 11000 hectares  (27,000 acres) of trees and different species of animals.
There are also a lot of tracks for walking and cycing.
Water usage is another reason why Gasteiz won the award, because it is one the cities of Europe than wastes less water - only 10%, and its inhabitants are reasonable consumers.
Other towns lose 50%.
25% of domestic rubbish is recycled, but it is possible to improve.
It is true that a lot of inhabitants use  public transport (trams and buses) and bike to move in the city but there are too many people who use cars.
The prize is very important for the city because its population has been working on improving its environment for the last 30 years.
With the green capital prize the environment is the future for Vitoria and its inhabitants.
Museums and Art Galleries
The Museo de Bellas Artes - the Fine Art Gallery - in Frai Francisco Walk (street) is of special interest.
It is an early twentieth century renaissance style building opposite Ajuria Enea, the lehendakari’s (Basque president) residence.
In this museum there are paintings by Ignacio Zuloaga, Joaquin Sorolla, Ignacio Diaz de Olano and Fernando Amarica.
Another important art gallery is the Artium (Basque Museum of Contemporary Art) The permanent collection has works by Basque and Spanish artists with paintings, sculptures, prints, photographs and videos made by Chillida, Oteiza, and Moraza, among others.
This modern building was opened in 2002 and is on Frantzia Street.
Bibat is an important museum, devoted to archaeology and playing cards.
This museum is in an old renaissance building in Aiztogile Street, recently renovated by the architect Patxi Mangado.
There are other interesting museums such as the Arms Museum in Fray Francisco Walk or the Museum of Natural Sciences  in  Doña Ochanda Tower, a fort house built in the sixteenth century, in Jesusen Zerbitzarien Fundatzailean Street.
Nearby is the Museum of the lanterns in Zapateri street.
Although Vitoria-Gasteiz food is similar to the rest of the Basque Country, the city does have its specialities. "
Perretxikos" (Calocybe_gambosa/St. George's mushroom), a type of mushroom, and snails are two traditional dishes of the city.
In  early December, the province of Araba holds its "cazuelitas" (small dishes) and wine week.
About twenty-five pubs participate, including more than twenty in Vitoria-Gasteiz, and you can eat small portions of local dishes and drink local wines.
Another event, Vinogourmet, takes place about the same time.
This fair is held in the city’s food market, with wine on the ground floor and pintxos (bar snacks) on the first floor.
There is an important restaurant in the city.
Its name is "El Portalon".
It is located in a beautiful fifteenth century house.
In this restaurant the food is very good.
The city’s most famous concerts  take place in Los Fueros Square in the Blanca holidays in August, and very important Spanish groups come to Vitoria.
There are also events for the young.
Workshops, where children can have fun making thing, for example, Christmas cards.
On the first Saturday of every month there is a market in the old part of the city, where people sell home and beauty products, cheese and other foods and all types of things.
Once a year in September there is a medieval market.
There are also a lot of pubs and restaurants to spend the afternoon and evening with friends.
The “pintxo-pote” is typical every Thursday in the pubs of Gasteiz, in these the price of a small glass of wine and a snack is €1.
Political Data
The Basque Parliament is the legislative body of the autonomous region.
There are 75 MPs (Members of Parliament),25 of each of the three provinces.
Of these MPs, 40 are women, and 35 are men.
The current Speaker/President of the Chamber is Arantxa Quiroga.
The Basque Government headquarters are also in the city, in Lakua, and the official residence of the President of the Basque Government is  Ajuria Enea, in Fray Francisco Street.
Another institution that has its headquarters in Vitoria is the Diputación Foral de Álava, the provincial council.
There are 51 seats on the council.
After the 2007 elections, the distribution among political parties is as follows:
The city council of Vitoria is made up of 27 councillors.
The distribution of political parties in the current term is:
Vitoria-Gasteiz City Council
Vitoria-Gasteiz travel information at Wikivoyage
Cities in the Basque Country
Once Upon A Time in the West () is a Spaghetti Western movie from 1968.
It was directed by Sergio Leone.
The music is by Ennio Morricone.
It stars Claudia Cardinale, Henry Fonda, Charles Bronson and Jason Robards.
The movie is about the wild west, which is symbolized through the railroad.
Henry Fonda plays a cruel murderer named Frank.
Charles Bronson is a magic man with a harmonica; Claudia Cardinale plays a beautiful widow, Jill McBain.
Season (sports), the part of the year when games are played
Season (television), or series, a cycle or set of episodes of a television program
Seasoning, spices on food
Seasons, Suffolk a listed building in Suffolk, England
The End-Triassic extinction event marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, 208 million years ago.
However, many of the extinctions occurred before then in the Upper Triassic.
Overall, this was one of the major extinction events of the Phanerozoic eon.
It profoundly affected life on land and in the oceans.
At least half of the species now known to have been living on Earth at that time went extinct.
The event emptied many ecological niches, and allowed the dinosaurs to assume the dominant roles in the Jurassic period.
This event happened in less than 10,000 years, and occurred just before Pangaea started to break apart.
Asteroid impact: no known impact crater has been dated to coincide with the Triassic–Jurassic boundary.
Gradual climate change or sea-level fluctuations during the Upper Triassic.
Sea level was low at the end of the Triassic, and the climate on Pangaea was arid.
However, this does not explain the suddenness of the extinctions.
Massive volcanic eruptions would release carbon dioxide, which would cause intense global warming, or sulfur dioxide and aerosols, which would cause severe cooling.
The flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) occurred at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.
Recent evidence
A recent paper in PNAS shows fairly clearly that mass volcanism was involved.
It was probably the primary cause of the extinction.
Mercury is present in volcanic rocks found at the end-Triassic boundary.
Mercury is emitted in gaseous form during volcanism, and deposited in sediments.
The paper says "Such episodic volcanism likely perturbed the global environment over a long time and strongly delayed ecological recovery".
The Italian Invasion of Albania was a military campaign by Fascist Italy to Occupy Albania.
Benito Mussolini the Fascist Italian Dictator started the Plan and Began to Build up His Armies on the Italian Water Border.
Albania was aware of the Invasion but did not Know when it would happen, Zog I the King of the Albanians ordered out his Armies in Defense in case.
On April 7, Mussolini launched a Surprise Attack on the Albanian coast.
A fleet of Italian Ships with Italian Troops Aboard were Ready and Prepared to Advance inland.
The Italians then Attacked the Coast without any Warning.
Only a Day after they Attacked they Already Controlled Much of Albania but continued to fight the Invasion ended on April 12, after Albania surrendered All of Albania was under Italian control by April 10 though.
History of Albania
Piast the Wheelwright was, according to legend, the creator of the Piast dynasty,a son Chościsko, which would go on to rule the Kingdom of Poland.
He was first mentioned in the Polish Chronicle of Gallus Anonymus.
When Jellystone Park starts losing visitors, and greedy Mayor Brown starts running out of money, he decides to shut it down and sell the land.
That would mean everyone will lose the joy of the outdoors, and worst of all, Yogi and Boo-Boo will be thrown out of the only home they have ever known.
So Yogi and Boo Boo must team up with their archenemy, Ranger Smith, to save the park in a week.
Also helping them is Rachel, a documentary movie maker that Ranger Smith falls in love with.
Mayor Brown tricks Ranger Jones in trying to stop them, so he can be the head ranger.
He tricks Yogi into ruining everything, and the park gets shut down.
To make things right, Yogi, Boo-Boo, Ranger Smith, Rachel, and Ranger Jones team up, and make Mayor Brown look bad.
At the end Mayor Brown gets in trouble, Rachel starts dating Ranger Smith, and the park is saved.
Tom Cavanagh as Ranger Smith
Anna Faris as Rachel
T. J. Miller as Ranger Jones
Andrew Daly as Mayor Brown
Nate Corddry as Chief of Staff
Dan Aykroyd as the voice of Yogi Bear
Justin Timberlake as the voice of Boo Boo Bear
California State University, Northridge or CSUN is a public university in Northridge, California, a neighborhood in the United States' second-largest city of Los Angeles.
CSUN belongs to the California State University system.
It was founded first as the Valley satellite campus of California State University, Los Angeles and adopted its current name of California State University, Northridge in 1972.
It has become the third largest university in the California State System.
CSUN offers a variety of programs leading to bachelor's degrees in 61 fields, master's degrees in 42 fields, and a doctoral degree in educational leadership.
Cal State Northridge hosts the National Center on Deafness, and each year the university hosts the International Conference on Technology and Persons with Disabilities.
Cal State Northridge
Members of the genus Bacteroides are opportunistic pathogens.
Bacteroides is a genus of gram-negative bacteria.
Bacteroides species are non-endospore-forming, anaerobes, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species.
The DNA base composition is 40-48% GC.
Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids.
They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer.
Shangri-La is an imaginary valley in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by James Hilton.
Xangri-lá, a city on the coast in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil
Shangri-La County, in Yunnan province, China
Shangri La Botanical Gardens and Nature Center, a botanical garden in Orange, Texas
Camp David, originally called "Shangri-La"
Shangri La (Doris Duke), a mansion outside Honolulu, Hawaii
Shangrilá, a former seaside resort in Uruguay, now part of Ciudad de la Costa
The Shangri-Las, an American pop group of the 1960 known for "Leader of the Pack" and "Remember (Walkin' in the Sand)"
Shangri-La (novel), a Japanese novel, manga and anime series
Shangri-La (musical), a musical stage adaptation of the Hilton novel
Shangri-La (2002 film), a 2002 film by Takashi Miike
Living Shangri-La, a mixed use skyscraper in Vancouver containing the 5-star Shangri-La Hotel Vancouver
Shangri-la Plaza Mall, Philippines
Shangri-La Toronto, a hotel/condominium under construction in Toronto
Shangri-la (Titan), the name of a region on Saturn's main satellite, Titan
USS Shangri-La (CV-38), an aircraft carrier of World War II
The Shangri-La Diet
Shangri-La is a large, dark area on Saturn's moon Titan.
The place is named after Shangri-La, the imaginary valley in Tibet.
Some people think it is a very wide plain of dark material.
These broad, dark areas of Titan may have been seas, but now they are dry.
Shangri-La has several areas of higher ground it.
These are brighter and are called "islands".
Regions of high ground surround Shangri-La:  Xanadu is to the east, Adiri to the west, and Dilmun to the north.
Shangri-La in Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
UNIQLO  is a Tokyo fashion and clothing company.
It is a fast growing company, one of the five biggest specialty fashion retailers in the world.
The company makes T-shirts, jeans, and casual wear for both women and men.
It is owned by Fast Retailing, a Yamaguchi based company.
UNIQLO has locations in 25 countries.
The majority of shops and primary market is Japan.
Shops are also in: Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, Vietnam India, USA, Canada, UK, France, Russia, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, Denmark and Italy.
The company began in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan in 1949.
It has grown steadily since then.
In 1984, Fast Retailing opened the first UNIQLO shop in nearby Hiroshima Prefecture.
Since then it opened an online business in 2000.
It then became international with shops in London (2001); Shanghai (2002); then, Korea, the USA in the SoHo fashion district of Manhattan in New York, and Hong Kong (2005).
Since then it expanded into France (2007), Singapore (2009), and Russia (2010).
Recently, on 27th September, they opened "BICQLO", which is a collaboration shop with Bic Camera.(2012)
One of UNIQLO’s main product is HEATTECH.
These clothes are sold in many countries.
It keeps people warm, so it is useful in winter.
It is thin and comfortable, so people can wear many layers of clothing easily.
Also it has some good functions: it keeps in heat, and dries quickly.
HEATTECH material has odor control, is anti-static, and stretches.
Moreover, there are a variety of HEATTECH products, including: T-shirts, turtlenecks, underwear, leggings, and socks.
Furthermore, heattech jeans have gotten attention for keeping people warm.
UNIQLO announced that it is changing the way it hires new workers.
Large companies in Japan usually hire new college graduates once a year.
UNIQLO is changing to hiring people all through the year.
They are also open to hiring people who have not yet graduated, people who graduated several years ago, and people with other jobs.
UNIQLO is also a gateway to Japanese products in many countries.
UNIQLO Twitter
UNIQLO official website
UNIQLO UK official website
The Citroën BX is a car produced by Citroën.
It replaced the Citroën GS in 1982, an estate version was added in 1985 and was facelifted a year later in 1986.
Another update occurred in 1989.
It was replaced by the Citroën Xantia in early 1993 with the estate continuing until 1994.
BX 14 46 kW (63 hp) and 55 kW (75 hp)
BX 16 53 kW (72 hp), 65 kW (88 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
BX 19 77 kW (105 hp)
BX 19 TZI 88 kW (120 hp)
BX 19 GTI 92 kW (125 hp)
BX 19 GTI 16V 109 kW (148 hp) and 118 kW (160 hp)
BX 18 D 44 kW (60 hp)
BX 18 TZD Turbo 66 kW (90 hp)
BX 19 D 51 kW (69 hp)
Mahakala  is a dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of  80 million years ago.
Mahakala was a small dromaeosaur, about 70 centimeters long (28 in).
Its skeleton shows some features which are also found in early troodontids and avialans.
However, its short forearms rule it out of the Alialae.
Despite its late appearance, its structure is that of a basal dromaeosaur.
Its small size, and the small size of other basal deinonychosauria, suggests that small size came before flight in birds.
Although this individual was small, comparable in size to Archaeopteryx, Caudipteryx, and Mei, it was close to adulthood.
It had a typical dromaeosaurid form of the second toe, with an expanded claw.
Mahakala also had very short forelimbs compared to other Dromaeosaurs.
A phylogenetic analysis performed by Turner and colleagues, who described the specimen, found Mahakala to be the most basal known dromaeosaur.
Their results, along with the small size of other theropods found at the base of paravian lineages, suggest that small size was not an innovation of early birds, but a common trait of early paravians.
In evolution, small size would have come before flight.
Like birds, troodonts and dromaeosaurs did not keep small size throughout their evolutionary history.
They had several separate size increases among different lineages.
Mahakala also shows a combination of characteristics found among basal troodonts and birds, and is missing some that are present in more derived (specialised) dromaeosaurs.
Paleoecology and paleobiology
The paleoenvironment had a semiarid climate, with sand dunes and alluvium (loose stuff).
The semiarid steppe landscape was drained by streams after rain, and was affected by dust and sandstorms.
Rainfall was low, and seasonal.
Animals present included terrestrial turtles and crocodilians, lizards, mammals, and a variety of dinosaurs; aquatic animals like fish were not present.
The majority of the fauna was small to medium-sized.
Small coelurosaurians are the most diverse dinosaurs, including fellow dromaeosaurid Velociraptor, troodonts Byronosaurus and Saurornithoides, oviraptors Citipati, Khaan, and Oviraptor, and alvarezsaurs Mononykus and Shuvuuia; other dinosaurs present included the ceratopsian Protoceratops and the ankylosaur Pinacosaurus.
Like other dromaeosaurs, Mahakala would have been a small, active, predaceous carnivore.
HTML version of "A Basal Dromaeosaurid and Size Evolution Preceding Avian Flight"
Avialae is a term for birds and their immediate extinct ancestors.
It is a clade of dinosaurs containing their only living representatives (birds) and whatever coelurosaurs are regarded as their ancestors.
There are two ways it can be defined:
Definition by physical characters
Avialae is defined as a clade based on physical characteristics.
Jacques Gauthier named Avialae in 1986 as all dinosaurs that possessed feathered wings used in flapping flight, and the birds that descended from them.
Branch-based definition
Several other authors use a similar, but branch-based, definition: all theropods closer to birds than to Deinonychus.
is a Japanese food.
It is sometimes sold as a souvenir sweet.
It is made from rice, sugar and cinnamon.
Two types of Yatsuhashi can be bought, either raw or hard Yatsuhashi.
Yatsuhashi comes from Yatsuhashi Kengyo, the pioneer of making Yatsuhashi.
In the Edo era, he saved everything so he could make something from leftover rice.
Then Yatsuhashi was created.
After he died, Yatsuhashi was loved by people in Kyoto, and now it is a very famous food in Kyoto.
Yatsuhashi is made from rice flour, soybean flour, sesame, sugar cane and a lot of cinnamon.
A special cinnamon called “Nikkei” is part of its unique taste.
Izutsu Yatsuhashi Honpo
Izutsu Yatsuhashi was established by Sahei Tsuda in 1805.
At one of the Izutsu yatsuhashi shops, Kyogoku Ichibangai, people can make their own yatsuhashi.
Otabe
In 1946, a confectionery retail store was started at the Kawaramachirokkaku.
In1949, the store started to sell yatsuhashi.
In 1969, the name of company has changed to “Otabe”.
In 2010, Otabe’s Choco-Yatsuhashi won a special gold prize in Monde Selection.
Honke Nishio Yatsuhashi
The history of Honke Nishino Yatsuhashi began in 1687 in the Edo period, so three hundred years have passed.
It has a long story.
At the time, “Shiramochi” which is like old raw yatsuhashi was sold there.
Besides these yatsuhashi stores, there are famous shops in Kyoto.
They are 'Goden Yatsuhashi, 'Seikodo', 'Hakushindo', and 'HonkeNishio'.
Izutsu Yatsuhashi Honnpo
Izutsu Yatsuhashi: This is a confection from a famous shop shaped like a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings.
It has been sold for more than 200 years.
Yuko: This is a lyric confection containing bean jam.
This is a Yatsuhashi which is associated with Yuko who is a heroine of “the gobantyo-yugirirou".
Choco-Yatsuhashi: This is the original confection of Otabe.
Yatsuhashi is baked thin, and then it is coated in chocolate.
Honke Nishio Yatsuhasi
She has raised numerous orphaned wild animals, including bears, cougars, eagles, puffins, raccoons, and seals; her experiences while doing so have formed the basis of her 20 books, including There's a Seal in my Sleeping Bag, There's a Raccoon in my Parka, Love Affair with a Cougar, and Tabasco the Saucy Raccoon.
There's a Seal in my Sleeping Bag (1972)
Pacific Wilderness/Wild Islands (1974)
The Mighty Mackenzie (1974)
There's a Raccoon in my Parka (1977)
Love Affair with a Cougar (1978)
An Ape Came out of my Hatbox (1979)
Vanderhoof the Town that Wouldn't Wait (1979)
Gypsy in the Classroom (1980)
Tell Me, Grandmother (1985)
Northwest Territories: Canada's Last Frontier (1986)
Alaska Highway: Road to Adventure (1988)
Nunavut (1995)
Looking for the Wild (1996)
Winging It in the North (1996)
Yukon (1996)
Northwest Territories (1997)
Western Canada Travel Smart (1998)
Destination Vancouver: a Port City (1998)
Tabasco the Saucy Raccoon (2006)