the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The largest schools are often formed during migrations by merging with smaller schools. “
Chains” of mullet schools one hundred kilometres long have been seen migrating in the Caspian Sea.
Radakov estimated herring schools in the North Atlantic can occupy up to 4.8 cubic kilometres with fish densities between 0.5 and 1.0 fish/cubic metre.
That is about three billion fish in one school.
These schools move along coastlines and cross the open oceans.
Herring schools have very precise arrangements which allow the school to maintain relatively constant cruising speeds.
Herrings have excellent hearing, and their schools react very fast to a predator.
The herrings keep a certain distance from a moving scuba diver or cruising predator like a killer whale, forming a space which looks like a doughnut from a spotter plane.
Many species of large predatory fish also school, including many highly migratory fish, such as tuna and some ocean going sharks.
Cetaceans such as dolphins, porpoises and whales, operate in organised social groups called pods.
Schooling is a classic example of 'emergence', where there are properties that are possessed by the school but not by the individual fish.
Emergent properties give an evolutionary advantage to members of the school which non-members do not receive.
Predator avoidance
Fish are in danger of being eaten if they are separated from the school.
Several anti-predator functions of fish schools have been proposed.
Confusion effect – One potential method by which fish schools may thwart predators is the ‘predator confusion effect’ proposed and demonstrated by Milinksi and Heller (1978).
It becomes difficult for predators to pick out individual prey from groups: the moving targets create an overload of the predator's brain. "
Shoaling fish are the same size and silvery, so it is difficult for a visually oriented predator to pick an individual out of a mass of twisting, flashing fish and then have enough time to grab its prey before it disappears into the shoal".
Many eyes effect – A second potential anti-predator effect of animal aggregations is the ‘many eyes’ hypothesis.
This theory states that as the size of the group increases, the task of scanning the environment for predators can be spread out over many individuals.
Not only does this effect provide the group with good warning, it may allow more time for individual feeding.
Dilution effect – A third hypothesis for an anti-predatory effect of fish schools is the ‘encounter dilution’ effect.
The dilution effect is an elaboration of safety in numbers, and interacts with the confusion effect.
A given predator attack will eat a smaller proportion of a large shoal than a small shoal.
Hamilton proposed that animals aggregate because of a “selfish” avoidance of a predator and was thus a form of cover-seeking.
Another formulation of the theory was given by Turner and Pitcher and was viewed as a combination of detection and attack probabilities.
Schooling forage fish are subject to constant attacks by predators.
An example is the attacks that take place during the African sardine run.
The African sardine run is a spectacular migration by millions of silvery sardines along the southern coastline of Africa.
In terms of biomass, the sardine run could rival East Africa's great wildebeest migration.
Sardines have a short life-cycle, living only two or three years.
Adult sardines, about two years old, mass on the Agulhas Bank where they spawn during spring and summer, releasing tens of thousands of eggs into the water.
The adult sardines then make their way in hundreds of shoals towards the sub-tropical waters of the Indian Ocean.
A larger shoal might be 7 kilometres (4 mi) long, 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) wide and 30 meters (100 ft) deep.
Huge numbers of sharks, dolphins, tuna, sailfish, Cape fur seals and even killer whales congregate and follow the shoals, creating a feeding frenzy along the coastline.
When threatened, sardines instinctively group together and create massive bait balls.
Bait balls can be up to 20 meters (70 ft) in diameter.
They are short lived, seldom lasting longer than 20 minutes.
The fish eggs, left behind at the Agulhas Banks, drift north west with the current into waters off the west coast, where the larvae develop into juvenile fish.
When they are old enough, they aggregate into dense shoals and migrate southwards, returning to the Agulhas banks in order to restart the cycle.
U.S. Route 40 is a federal highway from Park City, Utah to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
It is 2,286 miles long and passes through twelve states.
It used to go from Park City to Reno, Nevada and San Francisco, California, but that route is now part of Interstate 80.
Much of the eastern part of U.S. Route 40, from Vandalia, Illinois to Cumberland, Maryland (or from St. Louis, Missouri to Baltimore) was part of the National Road.
This part has been around since 1839.
Part of U.S. Route 40 was also called the "Lincoln Highway".
U.S. Route 40 passes or passed through many cities.
The current capitals are Denver, Topeka, Indianapolis, and Columbus.
Vandalia was a former capital of Illinois, Zanesville was a former capital of Ohio, and Wheeling was a former capital of West Virginia.
Craig, Colorado
Winnemucca, Nevada
Physical chemistry uses physics to study chemical systems.
It studies them at macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate levels.
It looks at concepts like motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics and dynamics.
Physical chemistry is not the same as chemical physics.
Physical chemistry is mostly a macroscopic or supra-molecular science.
The majority of physical chemistry concepts relate to bulk properties rather than to molecular/atomic structure alone.
These include chemical equilibrium and colloids.
Intermolecular forces on the physical properties of materials (for example, plasticity, tensile strength, surface tension in liquids).
Reaction kinetics on the rate of a reaction.
The identity of ions on the electrical conductivity of materials.
Surface chemistry and electrochemistry of membranes.
The term "physical chemistry" was first used by Mikhail Lomonosov in 1752.
He presented a lecture course with the title "A Course in True Physical Chemistry" (Russian: «Курс истинной физической химии») to the students of Petersburg University.
Modern physical chemistry was developed in the 1860s to 1880s with work on chemical thermodynamics, electrolytes in solutions, chemical kinetics and other subjects.
In 1876, Josiah Willard Gibbs wrote an article called, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances.
This paper introduced many of the main parts of physical chemistry, such as Gibbs energy, chemical potentials, Gibbs phase rule.
Other important discoveries include Heike Kamerlingh Onnes' work on enthalpy and macromolecular processes.
The first scientific journal about physical chemistry was the German journal, Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie.
It was founded in 1887 by Wilhelm Ostwald and Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff.
The two chemists and Svante August Arrhenius were the leading men in physical chemistry in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
All three were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Important discoveries were made in the 20th century.
These include applying statistical mechanics to chemical systems and Irving Langmuir's work on colloids and surface chemistry.
In the 1930's, Linus Pauling and others applied quantum mechanics to develop quantum chemistry.
Chemical theories have grown with new experimental discoveries.
New forms of spectroscopy started in the 20th century including: infrared spectroscopy, microwave spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy.
Physical chemistry also improved with discoveries in nuclear chemistry, especially in isotope separation.
This happened around the time before and during World War II.
Chemists discovered important facts in astrochemistry.
Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (1887)
Journal of Physical Chemistry A (from 1896 as Journal of Physical Chemistry, renamed in 1997)
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (from 1999, formerly Faraday Transactions with a history dating back to 1905)
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics (1947)
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry (1950)
Molecular Physics (journal)|Molecular Physics (1957)
Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry (1988)
Journal of Physical Chemistry B (1997)
ChemPhysChem (2000)
Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2007)
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters (from 2010, combined letters previously published in the separate journals)
A historical journal that covered both chemistry and physics was Annales de chimie et de physique.
It started in 1789 and was published under the name given here from 1815–1914.
Branches and related topics
Physical organic chemistry
Micromeritics
Physical Chemistry   (Keith J. Laidler, John H. Meiser and Bryan C. Sanctuary)
The World of Physical Chemistry (Keith J. Laidler, 1993)
Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling (John W. Servos, 1996)
100 Years of Physical Chemistry (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004)
Physical Chemistry: neither Fish nor Fowl? (
Joachim Schummer, The Autonomy of Chemistry, Würzburg, Königshausen & Neumann, 1998, pp.
135–148)
Cathedrals of Science  (Patrick Coffey, 2008)
The Cambridge History of Science: The modern physical and mathematical sciences (Mary Jo Nye, 2003)
The Mojo Blues Band is a blues band from Austria which was formed in 1977 by guitarist Eric Trauner and pianist Joachim Palden.
The name of the band is derivated from "mojo", a talisman in the voodoo cult.
The founders of the band played before 1977 in clubs of Vienna.
In 1977 Palden won a boogie woogie contest.
The first prize was a record contract.
They decided to form a band, which they named "Mojo Blues Band".
The line up was:
guitar, vocals Erik Trauner
piano Joachim Palden
bass Matthias Mitsch
drums Bobby Sperling
Being the only blues band in Vienna they were often booked as backing band for blues artists who were touring in Austria.
They played for example with Johnny Shines, J. B. Hutto, Charlie Musselwhite, Louisiana Red, Sunnyland Slim, Champion Jack Dupree, Homesick James, Honeyboy Edwards, Leon Thomas, Katie Webster, Hal Singer, Jan Harrington and Eddie Clearwater.
They also played together with Axel Zwingenberger.
This is documented on CDs.
In 1980 they teamed with Dana Gillespie and changed their style more to Rhythm ´n Blues.
At the early 1990s their song Alligator Walk became a hit in the US Shag 8 a special dance) scene.
Following this they toured North- and South Carolina.
1989 they visited Chicago and came back with 16 hours material they have recorded with musicians from Chicago.
The CD "The Wild Taste of Chicago" was made out of this tapes.
1993 Christian Dozzler left the band to form his own group.
So Eric Trauner had to learn playing the harp.
Erik Trauner, (voc, guit, slideguit, harp)
Daniel Gugolz (bass),
Markus Toyfl (guit)
Peter Müller (drums)
Thomas Horneck (piano)
Peter Müller founded the label Styx Records.
But soon Trauner formed the band again.
Members are:
Siggi Fassl (vocals, guit)
Charlie Furthner (piano)
Didi Mattersberger (drums)
Herfried Knapp (bass)
List of blues musicians they have played with
Discograhie
Shake That Boogie, 1978
Hey Bartender, 1980
... And the Boogie Woogie Flu, 1982
Hot Bricks, 1984
Midnight in Swampland, 1987
Champ's Housewarming, feat.:
Champion Jack Dupree, Axel Zwingenberger, Thorsten Zwingenberger, 1988
The Wild Taste of Chicago, feat.:
A. C. Reed, Big Mojo Elem, Willie Kent, Taildragger, Tim Taylor, 1989
Alligator Walk, 1991
Super Blues News (3 CD-Box), 1992
Blues Roll On, feat.:
Johnnie Allan, Harry Siomoneaux, Taildragger, Big Mojo Elem, Big Wheeler, Steve Bell, Little Mac Simmons1994
Rhythm & Blues Party feat.
Red Holloway (sax), 1996
20 Years in the Blues Jungle, 1997
A Chicago Blues Night Live, feat.:
Taildragger, 1999
Southern Blues Cruise, 1999
Blues-Parade 2000 Vol.1 und Vol.2 (DoppelCD-Box), feat.:
Jimmy McCracklin, Nappy Brown, Jimmy Anderson, Bob Gaddy, Larry Dale, ua.
,''1999
Get Out Blues, 2004
Thirty Year Blues Affair, 2007
Erik Trauner Solo
Up Slide Down, 1995
I'll Fly Away, 1998
A Scarecrow´s Moan 2006
Singles 45rpm und CD-Singles
1982 Sea Cruise (45 rpm): Bellaphon 100-31-005
1988 Rosa Lee (45 rpm): EMI Austria 12C006 1334337
1988 Shim Sham Shimmy/Hungarian Stew Axel Zwingenberger/Champion Jack Dupree/MBB (45 rpm): Vagabond VRSGL 8.88014-7
1991 Alligator Walk/ Mellow, Though & Easy (45 rpm): EMI Austria 1-33484-7
1992 Wintertime Is Coming/ Sleepless (45 rpm): EMI Austria 12C 006-133492-7
1992: All My Money´s Gone/ Better Of Dead (45 rpm): EMI Austria 863004-7
1992: All My Money´s Gone/ Better Of Dead/Rollin´and Squezzing (CD - Maxi): EMI Austria 863004-2
The Wild Taste of Chicago, 1989
Ozone is a gas that is present in the ozone layer in the stratosphere of the Earth.
There, it will absorb almost all ultraviolet light which is harmful to many organisms.
The term Ozone depletion can refer to a number of distinct, but related phenomena:
Since about the 1970s, there has been a decrease in total volume of the Ozone in the ozone layer, of about 4%, per decade.
There are seasonal variations in the ozone layers; in springtime, there is less ozone in the ozone layer over the polar regions, esp.
the south pole.
This is generally known as ozone hole.
In addition to these well-known stratospheric phenomena, there are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events.
The details of polar ozone hole formation differ from that of mid-latitude thinning, but the most important process in both is catalytic destruction of ozone by atomic halogens.
The main source of these halogen atoms in the stratosphere is photodissociation of man-made halocarbon refrigerants (CFCs, freons, halons.)
These compounds are transported into the stratosphere after being emitted at the surface.
CFCs and other substances contributing to this effect are referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
Since the ozone layer prevents most harmful UVB wavelengths (280–315 nm) of ultraviolet light (UV light) from passing through the Earth's atmosphere, observed and projected decreases in ozone have generated worldwide concern.
As a result, the Montreal Protocol  has been adopted.
The treaty bans the production of CFCs, halons as and other ozone-depleting chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethane.
The biological consequences  of this change in ozone levels may include an increases in skin cancer, cataracts, damage to plants, and the reduction of plankton populations in the ocean.
Estimates of how quickly the ozone layer will regenerate vary by about two decades.
NASA estimated in 2006, that it wil take to 2068 for the ozone layer in Antarctica to recover to the level before human-induced thinning.
According to the World Meteorological Organization, the state of the ozone layer over Antarctica will not change noticeably in the next twenty years.
The state before 1980 will be reached between 2060 and 2075, 25 years later than predicted in 2002.
Over the Arctic, there will be bigger losses in ozone over the next fifteen years, esp.
in cold winters.
For the Arctic regions, the state before 1980 will be reached around 2050.
Photodissociation, photolysis, or photodecomposition is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons.
One or more photons interact with the target molecule.
Photodissociation is not limited to visible light.
Any photon with sufficient energy can affect the chemical bonds of a chemical compound.
Since a photon's energy is inversely proportional to its wavelength, electromagnetic waves with the energy of visible light or higher, such as ultraviolet light, x-rays and gamma rays are usually involved in such reactions.
One example where this is used is the Light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
Far more enegetic photons of ultraviolet light (240 nm and shorter) can break the bonds of oxygen molecules.
The newly independent oxygen atoms create ozone in the ozone layer.
The Audi Cup 2011 (the second edition of the Audi Cup) was a two-day tournament that took place in Munich, Germany.
The tournament featured four teams, AC Milan, S.C. Internacional, FC Bayern Munich and FC Barcelona.
The winners of the tournament were FC Barcelona, defeating Bayern Munich 2-0.
S.C. Internacional took third place, defeating AC Milan 2(2) - 2(0).
2010s in Munich
The 2008 UEFA European Football Championship (or the Euro 2008) was the 13th UEFA European Championships.
It was hosted by Austria and Switzerland during June 7 and June 29, 2008.
The winners were Spain, defeating Germany 1-0.
Spain was also the first team since Germany in 1996, to win undefeated.
Greece, the UEFA Euro 2004 champions, recorded the worst finish in the UEFA Euro 2008.
They got the least amount of money, and no points for the Group Stage.
Qualifying groups
Teams highlighted in green qualified for the finals.
Qualified Teams
Juan Esteban Aristizábal Vásquez (born 9 August 1972), known as Juanes, is a one-time Grammy Award-winning and nineteen-time Latin Grammy Award-winning Colombian singer, songwriter, instrumentalist, record producer.
He was a member of heavy metal band Ekhymosis and is now a solo artist.
Juanes has sold more than 15 million albums worldwide.
Fíjate Bien (2000)
Un Día Normal (2002)
Mi Sangre (2004)
La Vida... Es un Ratico (2007)
P.A.R.C.E. (2010)
Juanes MTV Unplugged (2012)
Juanes to Twitter in Cuba Despite Exiles By Alfredo Prieto, Havana Times, August 26, 2009
Official Universal Music Latino Website
Mi Sangre Foundation website
Juanes Interview
Juanes Interview on CorrienteLatina.com
Vector calculus is a branch of mathematics that investigates vector fields and how they change over time.
Vector calculus usually studies two- or three-dimensional vector fields, but can be used in higher dimensions, too.
It is a part of the study of multivariable calculus.
Vector calculus is useful in physics and engineering because of how it can look at electromagnetic and gravitational fields.
A vector field is a function that assigns to every point in space a vector.
It can be imagined as a collection of arrows, each one attached to a different point in space.
For example, the wind (the velocity of air) can be represented by a vector field.
This is because in every point one can write an arrow showing the direction of the wind and its strength.
In everyday life, gravity is the force that makes objects fall down.
More generally, it is the force that pulls objects towards each other.
If we describe for each point in space the direction and strength of the earth's pull, we will get a gravity vector field for the Earth.
The theory dealing with electricity and magnetism in physics is called electromagnetism.
One of the basic assumptions is that there are two vector fields in all space which govern electric and magnetic forces.
One is the electric field, which is often written as  and the second is the magnetic field, which is often written as .
Atmospheric circulation can be represented by a vector field.
The more precisely the vector field describes the actual flow, the better the resulting weather forecast.
In calculus, multivariable calculus is the extension of regular, one-dimensional calculus to more than one dimension.
Most of the concepts from calculus, such as continuity and chain rule, still work in more than one dimension, though sometimes with greater complexity and counter-intuitive result.
Special multivariable uses include partial derivatives, or differentiation with only one dimension at a time, and multiple integration, or integrating over more than one dimension.
The gradient operator , defined in terms of partial derivatives, is used to defined higher concepts such as Laplace operator, divergence and curl.
By integrating a multivariable function over several variables, one can define an integral over an area, surface or volume as well.
Hockenheim is a German town in northwest Baden-Württemberg, about 20 km south of Mannheim.
It is in the Upper Rhine valley on the tourist routes of the Baden Asparagus Route () and the Bertha Benz Memorial Route.
The town is known for its motor racing circuit, the Hockenheimring.
Hockenheim is one of the six largest towns in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district.
Since 1999, the population has exceeded the 20,000, and Hockenheim received the status of a regional central town () in 2001.
Location and environment
Hockenheim is in the Upper Rhine valley.
It is on an old trade route that ran from Frankfurt to Basel.
The river Kraichbach flows through the town, and divides Hockenheim in an eastern and a western area.
Hockenheim covers 34.84 km².
About 28.2 percent is used for settlement and transportation.
About 47.5 percent is used for agriculture.
About 2.3 percent of the area are waterways, and 21.1 percent are forests.
The town is divided into two large natural areas.
The "Rheinaue" to the west and the "Niederterrasse" to the east.
The "Hockenheimer Rheinbogen" is an area of the Rhine.
656 hectares of the area is a nature conservation.
Town structure
The central urban area forms one unit.
It is divided into five districts for statistical reasons.
In 1984, an old brick kiln was found during an excavation in Hockenheim.
The kiln had stamped bricks inside it from the Roman Empire.
The Roman Legio XIV Gemina was near Mainz from 71 AD until 92 AD.
The bricks indicate an early settlement in the Hockenheim area.
Hockenheim was first mentioned 769 as "Ochinheim" in a document of the Lorsch Codex (a list of early monastery gifts).
The name "Hockenheim" was first used in official documents in 1238.
During the Middle Ages, Hockenheim was owned by several local authorities.
In the 17th century, Hockenheim was severely destroyed twice by French troops.
In 1644 during the Thirty Years' War, and in 1674 during the Franco-Dutch War.
Tobacco was brought to the area by the French.
During this time, the growing of hops started to be replaced with tobacco.
In 1803 Hockenheim was merged into Baden.
The tobacco crop grew well and prospered, and Hockenheim was awarded town rights on 22 July 1895.
At the beginning of the 20th century, asparagus growing replaced most of the remaining hops growing.
On 29 May 1932 the Hockenheimring opened with a motorcycle race.
In January 1973, Hockenheim was assigned to the new Rhein-Neckar-Kreis (district).
The town is led by the Lord Mayor ().
The Lord Mayer is elected every 8 years by the population.
This office has been held by Dieter Gummer (SPD) since 2004.
The local council of Hockenheim consists of 22 members, and the Lord Mayor presiding the council.
Adopted in 1609, the coat of arms of Hockenheim has diagonally crossed silver hooks in a sign, below a crowned golden lion.
The lion is the animal of the Electorate of the Palatinate, to which Hockenheim belonged; the hooks are probably derived from the place name.
The form of the symbols was changed several times, but has been specified in its current form by municipal law since 1895.
The Hockenheimring, a motor racing course built in 1932.
It has become on of the two home circuits of the Formula One German Grand Prix (the other is the Nürburgring).
It has hosted this F1 event over 30 times since 1970.
A museum for tobacco cultivation (growing) was founded in 1984.
It was the first of its kind in Baden-Württemberg.
The motorsport museum opened near the Hockenheimring in 1986 with over 200 historical motorcycles and engines.
The  was created in 1991 to host the State Horticultural Show.
With an area of 16 ha, Hockenheim's largest park.
The town's water tower was built in 1910 in Art Nouveau.
It is the landmark of the town.
Other historic buildings include the Protestant town church, a 1906 Neo-baroque building by architect Hermann Behaghel, and the 1910 Catholic church, done in Art Nouveau with a high tower, by Johannes Schroth.
The old Catholic church (1817), with a late Gothic choir tower in classical hall construction, serves as a community center today.
Commercy, France, since 1970
Hohenstein-Ernstthal, Saxony, Germany, since 1990 (town in former East Germany before reunification)
Mooresville, North Carolina, United States, since 2002.
Bertha Benz Memorial Route
PFC CSKA Moscow (Russian: Профессиональный футбольный клуб - ЦСКА, or English: Professional Football Club — Central Sports Club of Army [Moscow]) is a Russian football club from the capital city of Moscow.
The team was more successful during the Soviet Union.
Their biggest rival is Spartak Moscow.
But PFC CSKA Moscow has the most fans.
PFC CSKA Moscow was also the first Russian team to win the UEFA Cup (UEFA Europa League).
Past Names of the Club
1911-1922 - Общество Любителей Лыжного Спорта (English: Amateur Society of Skiing Sports)
1923 - Russian: Опытно-Показательная Площадка Всеобуча) (English: Experimental & Demonstrational Playground of Military Education Association)
1924-1927 - Опытно-Показательная Площадка Военведа (English: Experimental & Demonstrational Playground of Military Administration)
1928-1950 - Спортивный Клуб Центрального Дома Красной Армии (English: Sports Club of Central House of the Red Army)
1951-1956 - Спортивный Клуб Центрального Дома Советской Армии (English: Sports Club of Central House of the Soviet Army)
1957-1959 - Центральный Спортивный Клуб Министерства Обороны (English: Central Sports Club of the Ministry of Defense)
1960–Present — Центральный Спортивный Клуб Армии (English: Central Sports Club of Army)
The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also known as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic (after the Southern Elephant Seal).
It is most common in the southern hemisphere along the coast of Antarctica and on most sub-Antarctic islands, but can also be found on the coasts of southern Australia, Tasmania, South Africa, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, Tierra del Fuego, the Cook Islands, and the Atlantic coast of South America.
It can live twenty-six years, possibly more.
Killer whales, and large sharks are the only natural predators of leopard seals.
They eat Crabeater seals, consuming 80% of their young.
They are large and strong.
They have a dark grey back and a light grey stomach.
Its neck is a little bit white with black spots, which is the pattern of a leopard's coat.
Leopard seals are carnivores.
It eats penguins, seagulls, fish, squid, octopuses, krill, shrimps, crabs and even other seals.
Loudoun County ( ) is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
It is part of the Washington Metropolitan Area.
The 2010 U.S. Census said 312,311 people live there.
The number of people grew 84 percent over the 2000 census of 169,599.
As of 2007, Loudoun County has the highest median household income of any county in the United States ($107,207).
This is higher than nearby Fairfax County, Virginia ($105,241).
FC Saturn Ramenskoye (, or English: State-Owned Enterprise of the Moscow Region Football Club Saturn Moscow Region) is a Russian football team near the Moscow area of Ramenskoye.
It was also known as FC Saturn Moscow Region.
In 2006, the club broke the record for the most draws in a Russian Premier League season, 16 draws.
The club closed down in 2011, as there were bad financial problems.
However, it was revived on the base of their former farm club FC Saturn-2 Moscow Region.
FC Rubin Kazan (Russian: Футбольный клуб Рубин Казань, or English: "A Ruby") is a Russian football team from Kazan.
Rubin only won the Russian Premier League in 2008 and 2009.
Rubin never played in the Soviet Top League, but went to the Russian First Division in 1992, and then went to Russian Second Division in 1994.
The mayor of that time, purchased the team, and the on the same year Rubin won the Second Division in 1997.
Rubin then went back to Russian First Division and the games went on until Rubin was promoted to the Russian Premier League in 2003.
1958 establishments in the Soviet Union
PFC CSKA Sofia (), commonly known as CSKA or CSKA Sofia, is a Bulgarian football team from Sofia, Bulgaria.
Since CSKA Sofia was created, the club has won 31 A PFG titles, more than any team in Bulgaria, ever.
Also, CSKA Sofia has reached two European Cup semi-finals, four European Cup quarter-finals and one Cup Winners' Cup semi-final, making the team the best in Bulgaria.
Bulgarian football clubs
The First Professional Football League (), known in short as Parva Liga (), is the top-level league of men's association football in Bulgaria.
The league was founded in 1924 as the Bulgarian State Football Championship, and was later known by several other names, most recently Bulgarian A Professional Football Group from 2003 to 2016.
The current name was adopted for the 2016–17 season.
Bulgarian State Football Championship
Bulgarian Republic Football Championship
A Group
League at UEFA
Bulgaria – List of Champions, RSSSF.com
The Grand Sports Arena of the Luzhniki Olympic Complex (, also known as the Luzhniki Stadium) is the biggest sports stadium in Russia.
The stadium is in Moscow.
The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, which is a men's football tournament that takes place every four years and is organized by FIFA.
The tournament took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awarded the hosting rights on 2 December 2010.
This was the first World Cup taking place in Eastern Europe.
The defending champions were Germany.
France won the tournament after defeating Croatia 4–2.
This was France's second World Cup title.
The teams were divided into 4 pots, 8 teams each.
The number in parenthesis show positions in the FIFA World Rankings prior to the tournament.
The top two teams of each group advance to the round of 16.
Matches are played on a round-robin basis.
Receiving a red card (red card suspensions may be extended for serious offences)
Receiving two yellow cards in two different matches; yellow cards expire after the completion of the quarter-finals (yellow card suspensions are not carried forward to any other future international matches)
FIFA.com 2018 website
Welcome2018.com
2018 in Russia
June 2018 events
The 2022 FIFA World Cup will be the 22nd FIFA World Cup.
It will be hosted in Qatar from 21 November to 18 December 2022.
It will be the first World Cup to be held in the Arab world, and the second to be held completely in Asia.
The previous champions are France.
There have been suspicions on whether Qatar earned hosting rights fairly.
An investigation that was done by FIFA reported that Qatar earned hosting rights fairly.
This investigation was criticized by Michael J. Garcia.
Bidding
FIFA's six continental confederations have their own qualifying tournaments.
All 211 associations are able to enter qualification.
Qatar, qualified automatically because they are the hosts.
Qatar still plays in the first two rounds of AFC qualification because it is also qualification for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup.
The previous World Cup champions France will participate in qualification as normal.
North Korea withdrew from qualification due to safety concerns of the COVID-19 pandemic and all the matches they played were cancelled.
Saint Lucia, American Samoa and Samoa also withdrew from the qualifiers.
The amount of available World Cup slots for each confederation was discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee on 30 May 2015 in Zürich.
The committee decided that the slots would be the same as 2018.
CAF (Africa): 5
AFC (Asia): 4 or 5 (not including Qatar, the hosts)
UEFA (Europe): 13
CONCACAF (North and Central America and Caribbean): 3 or 4
OFC (Oceania): 0 or 1
CONMEBOL (South America): 4 or 5
Hosts: 1
Al Bayt Stadium
Ahmed bin Ali Stadium
Education City Stadium
Khalifa International Stadium
Al Janoub Stadium
Al Thumama Stadium
Lusail
Lusail Iconic Stadium
Elze is a town in district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
It is next to the river Leine, approximately 15 km (9.3 miles) west of Hildesheim.
Elze is also one oldest city in the area, and its name comes from Latin : aula caesaris
Justus Gesenius (1601-1673), Lutheran theologian
Johann Heinrich Louis Krüger (1857-1923), mathematician
Philipp Furtwängler, (1800-1867), organ builder,
Philipp Furtwängler, (1869-1940), mathematician (number theorist)
Günter Halm, (born 1922), bearer of the  Knight's Cross and Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Écouché, France since 1972
FC Spartak Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб Спартак Москва) is a Russian football club from Moscow.
The club is the most successful in Russia, winning 9 or 19 of the Russian Premier League championships.
The team used to be part of the Spartak Moscow sports society, but left and declared to be an independent organization.
Their biggest rival is PFC CSKA Moscow.
Spartak won their last championship at 2017.
Ramenskoye is a city in Moscow Oblast, and was home to the football club Saturn Moscow Oblast.
About 82,074 people lived there as of 2002.
Natassia Gail Zolot (born September 24, 1989 in San Francisco, California), known by her stage name, Kreayshawn, is an American rapper, editor and music video director.
She has directed videos for rapper Lil B and is also a member of the group White Girl Mob.
She is known for the song "Gucci Gucci" which gained three million YouTube views in just three weeks.
She is currently signed to Columbia Records.
She is set to direct the music video for "The Adventures of Rain Dance Maggie" which is the first song by Red Hot Chili Peppers on their album, I'm with You.
She is nominated for "Best New Artist" at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards.
Kreayshawn's Tumblr
Rostislav Olesz (born October 10, 1985 in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia) is a professional Czech ice hockey left winger and center.
He currently plays for SC Bern of the National League A (NLA).
He was drafted by the Florida Panthers with the 7th overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.
He also played in the NHL for the Florida Panthers for 6 seasons.
He was traded by the Florida Panthers to the Chicago Blackhawks for defenceman Brian Campbell on June 24, 2011.
He played 6 games with the Blackhawks and played a season with their AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs.
On July 5, 2013, Olesz signed a 1-year deal with the New Jersey Devils.
On November 21, 2013, he signed a contract with SC Bern of the NLA.
Jamal Mayers (born October 24, 1974 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger.
He played a total of 15 seasons in the NHL.
He currently works as an analyst for the NHL Network.
He was drafted with the 89th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft.
He made his NHL debut with the Blues during 1998-99 NHL season.
He went on to play 10 seasons with the St. Louis Blues before he was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for a 3rd round pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft.
He played 2 seasons with the Maple Leafs before being traded to the Calgary Flames along with Matt Stajan, Niklas Hagman and Ian White in exchange for Dion Phaneuf, Fredrik Sjöström and prospect Keith Aulie.
At the end of the 2009-10 he signed a one-year contract with the San Jose Sharks.
He was not resigned by the Sharks for the 2011–2012 season and he signed a one-year contract with the Chicago Blackhawks on July 1, 2011.
The 27 club is the name given to a group of musicians who died at age 27.
The members or number of members of this group is not fixed.
Musicians often included in the 27 Club
In Greek mythology, the Ophiotaurus was a creature that was part bull and part serpent.
Ovid's poem, Fasti (3.793 ff) is the only work where it is mentioned.
There, it is said that when the creature's entrails were burnt, the person to do so could defeat the gods.
The Ophiotaurus appears in the third book in the "Percy Jackson & the Olympians" series, The Titan's Curse.
Percy Jackson first thinks it is a female and names it "Bessie".
It reappears in Battle of the Labyrinth and The Last Olympian.
Theoi Project - Tauros Ophis (Ophiotauros)
The band formed in 1999 under the name First too Last.
In 2004, 15-year-old Sonny Moore joined the band.
The first album, Dear Diary, My Teen Angst Has a Bodycount, was released on June 29, 2004.
Heroine, the band's second album, was recorded in 2005 with Limp Bizkit guitarist Was Borland on the bass.
Heroine was released on March 21, 2006.
Moore left the band in early 2007 and guitarist Matt Good took over the lead vocals.
In 2008, the band released their third album, named From First to Last, with Interscope Records.
Guitarist–screamer Travis Richter left the band in 2009, becoming lead vocalist in the metalcore band The Human Abstract in 2010.
In March 16, 2010, the band released their fourth album, Throne to the Wolves, with guitarist Blake Steiner and label Rise.
Albums/EPs
Aesthetic (EP, 2003) - Four Leaf Records
Dear Diary, My Teen Angst Has a Body Count (2004) - Epitaph Records
Heroine (2006) - Epitaph Records
From First to Last (2008) - Interscope Records
Throne to the Wolves (2010) - Rise Records
Such a Tragedy (2003)
Ride the Wings of Pestilence (2004)
Note to Self (2005)
The Latest Plague (2006)
Shame Shame (2006)
Worlds Away (2008)
Matt Good - Lead vocals/screams (since 2007), lead guitar, keyboards (since 1999)
Blake Steiner - Rhythm guitar, backing vocals (since 2009)
Matt Manning - Screamed vocals, bass (since 2007)
Derek Bloom - Drums (since 2002)
Sonny Moore - Lead vocals, keyboards, rhythm guitar (2004-2007)
Phillip Reardon - Lead vocals/screams, keyboards (2002-2003)
Travis Richter - Screamed vocals, rhythm guitar (since 2002), lead vocals (2002)
Scott Oord - Bass, backing vocals (1999-2002)
Joey Antillion - Bass (2002-2003)
Jon Weisberg - Screamed vocals, bass (2004-2005)
Parker Nelms - Drums (1999-2000)
Steve Pullman - Drums, keyboard (2000-2002)
Greg Taylor - Drums (2002)
Chris Lent - Synthesizers, percussion (2008)
Rick Patterson – Rhythm guitar (2003–2004)
Alicia Simmons - Bass (2005)
Wes Borland – Bass (2005–2006)
Matt Fleischman – Bass (2006-2007)
FFTL Official Websites
PureVolume Site
Facebook Site
The band formed in December 2008, by Ronnie Radke with the aid of Nason Schoeffler , under the name From Behind These Walls.
This name was changed in August of 2009 due to copyright problems.
In 2009, Radke released the demos Listen Up, The Worst Time, and The Departure, which in fact were not recorded by the band, but rather Radke himself alone in 2002.
In December 12, 2010, Ronnie Radke was released from prison.
Several months after his release, Radke and the rest of the band began to record their album.
The album was quickly finished by February of 2011.
Falling In Reverse released two singles to promote their album.
The first single, Raised by Wolves, was released July 7, 2011.
The Drug in Me Is You was released shortly after on July 27.
The full-length album was released July 26, 2011, named The Drug in Me Is You, with Epitaph Records.
The Drug in Me Is You (2011)
Fashionably Late (2013)
Raised by Wolves (Juny 7, 2011)
The Drug in Me Is You (July 27, 2011)
Ronnie Radke - lead/screamed vocals, acoustic guitar (2008-present)
Jacky Vincent - lead guitar (2008-present)
Derek Jones - rhythm guitar, screamed/backing vocals (2010-present)
Ryan Seaman - drums, screamed/backing vocals (2011-present)
Ron Ficarro - bass, backing vocals (2012-present) (Former I Am Ghost bassist)
Mika Horiuchi - bass, backing vocals (2011-2012)
Nason Schoeffler - bass, backing vocals (2008-2011)
Scott Gee - drums (2010-2011)
Nick Rich - drums, backing vocals (2008-2009)
Ronald Joseph Radke (born December 15, 1983 in Las Vegas, Nevada) is an American singer.
He was the founder and singer in the band Escape the Fate from 2004 to 2008.
As of december 2008, he is the founder and singer in the band Falling in Reverse.
Ronald Joseph Radke was born on December 15, 1983 at Saint Rose Hospital, Las Vegas, Nevada.
He has Native American ancestry.
His mother left him at a very young age, but later in life he was able to meet her.
She was working as a dog groomer at this point.
She ended up leaving him again due to her troubles with addiction.
He was raised by his father who also had a drug problem but later became a born again Christian, and sober.
Around this time his father also became the president of a motorcycle club.
Radke grew up very poor.
Focusing was a struggle for him during school.
He often wore girls' jeans with his friend Mich because his favorite skateboarders wore similar clothes.
Ronald has stated that he got them mostly from girls' houses.
He learned to skateboard, and he can still ride to this day.
In high school, he was bullied by the kids for his unique style of wearing tight clothes and very small shirts.
Despite this he also  got along with some of his classmates because of his interest in rapping.
Radke dropped out of high school twice.
Radke started forming bands during his high school years.
His first band was called 3.0.
The logo of this band was made in Microsoft Paint and resembled the Ninja Turtles logo.
His second band, named Lefty (with Robert Ortiz), competed in the high school talent contest.
While on stage, Radke's microphone fell and Max Green (who was in a band called Almost Heroes at the time) picked it up for him and they almost instantly became friends.
Together, they formed a band called True Story.
Their interest shifted out of the pop punk scene and got into bands like Trice.
Radke started playing piano and guitar.
He played left-handed guitar, but still played a normal right-handed guitar when he played Blink 182 songs.
At age 21, Radke along with Max Green founded the band Escape the Fate.
He made two albums with the band and two EPs.
The more popular was Dying Is Your Latest Fashion,it was released September 26, 2006.
In late 2008 Radke left Escape the Fate.
Radke then founded the band Falling in Reverse and continues to make music.
He has several lead singles from the album The Drug In Me is You released.
Escape the Fate (Demo, 2005)
There's No Sympathy For The Dead (EP, 2006)
Dying Is Your Latest Fashion (Studio album, 2006)
Situations (EP, 2007)
The Drug In Me Is You (Studio album, 2011)
Fashionably Late (Studio Album, 2013)
Just Like You (Studio Album, 2015)
Coming Home (Studio Album, 2017)
http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2008/01/escape_the_fate_singer_escapes.html
http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2008/08/escape_the_fate_cancel_uk_tour.html
http://www.fallinginreverse.com.br/2012/02/ronnie-radke-fala-sobre-saida-da-prisao.html
http://www.punknews.org/article/42949/ronnie-radke-returns-with-falling-in-reverse
http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=159159
http://www.spirit-of-metal.com/groupe-groupe-Falling_In_Reverse-l-en.html
http://www.altpress.com/features/entry/exclusive_ronnie_radke_interview_falling_in_reverse_drug_me_you
Park City is a city in Utah in the United States.
It was settled by Mormons in the 1840s and 1850s.
There was a lot of mining there in the 1860s.
Today, it is a ski resort.
It has a population of 7,731 and is at an elevation of 7,000 feet.
It is where the Sundance Film Festival takes place.
Some of the events of the 2002 Winter Olympics were held in or near Park City.
Alexis Mérodack-Jeanneau (1 December 1873 – 8 March 1919) was a French painter from Angers.
He was born in Angers in 1873, and died there in 1919.
He is associated with the Fauvist movement.
In June 2005, the band released the first EP, Try This with Your Eyes Closed, with Tragic Hero Records.
On June 6, 2006, Alesana released the first album, On Frail Wings of Vanity and Wax, this album was reissued on Fearless Records in 2008, next to the first EP.
In 2007, the band released the video to the song Ambrosia.
On June 3, 2008, with Fearless, the band released the album Where Myth Fades to Legend.
The third studio album, The Emptiness, was released January 26, 2010.
The fourth album, A Place Where The Sun Is Silent will released October 19, 2011, with Epitaph Records.
Dennis Lee - screamed vocals (since 2004)
Shawn Milke - lead vocals/screams, rhythm guitar, piano/keyboards (since 2004)
Patrick Thompson - lead guitar, backing vocals (since 2004)
Alex Torres - lead guitar (since 2010)
Shane Crump – bass, screamed vocals (2007–2008; since 2008)
Jeremy Bryan - drums, backing vocals (since 2005)
Adam Ferguson – rhythm guitar, screamed vocals (2005-2008; 2010)
Jake Campbell – lead guitar (2008–2010), bass (2008)
Steven Tomany – bass (2004–2007)
Will Anderson – drums (2005)
Daniel Magnuson – drums (2004–2005)
Try This with Your Eyes Closed (EP, 2005)
On Frail Wings of Vanity and Wax (2006)
Where Myth Fades to Legend (2008)
The Emptiness (2010)
A Place Where The Sun Is Silent (2011)
Ambrosia (2007) - directed by Jeremy Jackson
Seduction (2008) - directed by Scott Hansen
The Thespian (2010) - directed by Stephen Penta
The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is a sports organization in the United States.
It was founded in 1888.
It holds meets in many sports for amateur athletes (athletes who do not get paid) of all ages.
These sports include baseball, basketball, football, golf, and track.
A long time ago, when most athletes were amateurs, winning an AAU title meant that you were one of the best in your sport.
In the United States, AAU meets used to also be trials for the Olympic Games.
Since 1978, the AAU has lost most of its power.
This is due to the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 and the fact that many good athletes are no longer amateurs.
It is currently based in Lake Buena Vista, Florida at Disney's Wide World of Sports.
James Cleveland Owens (September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was an American athlete.
He was from Oakville, Alabama and moved to Cleveland, Ohio.
He won four NCAA Championships in 1935 and 1936.
At the 1936 Summer Olympics, he won gold medals in the 100m, 200m, long jump and 4x100 relay.
He died of lung cancer in Tucson, Arizona.
Owens was born in Oakville, Alabama and moved to Cleveland, Ohio when he was nine years old as the seventh of the eleven children of Henry and Emma Owens.
Owens was the grandson of a slave and the son of a sharecropper.
He was often sick with what his mother reportedly called "the devil's cold".
He was given the name Jesse by a teacher in Cleveland who did not understand his accent when the young boy said he was called J.C.
Throughout his life Owens attributed the success of his athletic career to the encouragement of Charles Riley, his junior-high track coach at Fairview Junior High, who had picked him off the playground and put him on the track team (see also Harrison Dillard, a Cleveland athlete inspired by Owens).
Since Jesse worked in a shoe repair shop after school, Riley allowed Jesse to practice before school instead.
NCAA
Owens attended Ohio State University only after employment was found for his father, ensuring the family could be supported.
He was affectionately known as the "Buckeye Bullet" and won a record eight individual NCAA championships, four each in 1935 and 1936.
The record of four golds at the NCAA has only been equaled by Xavier Carter, in 2006, although his titles included relay medals too.
Owens's greatest achievement came in a span of 45 minutes on May 25, 1935 at the Big Ten meet in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he set four world records.
He tied the world record for the 100 yard (91 m) dash (9.4 seconds) and set world records in the long jump (26 feet 8¼ inches (8.13 m), a world record that would last 25 years), 220 yard (201 m) dash (20.3 seconds), and the 220 yard low hurdles (22.6 seconds to become the first person to break 23 seconds).
This incredible feat is widely considered one of the most amazing athletic achievements of all time.
In fact, in 2005 both NBC sports announcer, Bob Costas, and University of Central Florida Professor of Sports History, Richard C. Crepeau chose this as the most impressive athletic achievement since 1850.
Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium was completed in 2001 on The Ohio State University campus.
It is a multi-sport facility that hosts the university's varsity track and field, lacrosse and soccer teams.
Berlin Olympics
In 1936 Owens arrived in Berlin to compete for the United States in the Summer Olympics.
Adolf Hitler was using the games to show the world a resurgent Nazi Germany.
He and other government officials had high hopes German athletes would dominate the games with victories.
Meanwhile, Nazi propaganda promoted concepts of "Aryan racial superiority" and depicted ethnic Africans as inferior.
On the first day, Hitler shook hands only with the German victors and then left the stadium (some claim this was to avoid having to shake hands with Cornelius Johnson, who was African-American, but according to a spokesman Hitler's exit had been pre-scheduled).
Olympic committee officials then insisted Hitler greet each and every medalist or none at all.
Hitler opted for the latter and skipped all further medal presentations.