the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Other birds may attack the penguin's breeding, or nesting, grounds and take away eggs or young penguin chicks.
Penguin World
King Penguins – Wildlife of Antarctica
Nature.ca
Citigroup Center is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.
It is 279 meters (915 feet) tall and has 59 floors.
It was built in 1977 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.
Emporis.com - Citigroup Center
SkycraperPage.com – Citigroup Center
Industrial engineering is a type of engineering.
It is one of the fastest growing areas of engineering.
It looks at what makes organizations work best.
An industrial engineer tries to find the right combination of human and natural resources, technology, equipment, information and finance to do the work best.
Industrial engineering is important to finding the answers to many important problems in manufacturing, distribution of goods and services, health care, utilities, transportation, entertainment, and the environment.
Industrial engineers design and change how things are done to increase quality, safety and productivity.
Trump World Tower is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.
It is 262 meters (861 feet) tall and has 72 floors.
It was built in 2001 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world
Emporis.com - Trump World Tower
SkycraperPage.com – Trump World Tower
30 Rockefeller Plaza is a skyscraper at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City, United States.
It was known in the past as the RCA Building, the GE Building, and the Comcast Building.
30 Rockefeller Plaza is  tall and has 69 floors.
It was built in 1933 and was one of the tallest buildings in the world when it opened.
Raymond Hood, the architect, made the plans for Rockefeller Center.
He talked with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) to make a large place for mass media.
RCA owned the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) and Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) companies.
The first plan for 30 Rockefeller Plaza was made in March 1930.
By May 1930, RCA, NBC, and RKO said they would move to 30 Rockefeller Center.
The last plan for the building was done in March 1931.
Workers started making the building in March 1932.
30 Rockefeller Plaza opened in May 1933.
It was the first building at Rockefeller Center to be opened.
It was one of the tallest buildings in the world.
NBC was one of the first companies in 30 Rockefeller Plaza.
It had 35 television studios in the building.
People could go on tours of the NBC Studios every day.
The biggest studio was Studio 8H, which could have 1,400 people inside it.
The Standard Oil Company moved into 30 Rockefeller Plaza in 1934.
The New York Museum of Science and Industry moved to the bottom floors because other companies did not want to move there.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation was on the 14th through 17th floors.
The Rockefeller family also moved into a lot of the floors in the building.
The family had an office called Room 5600 on the 56th floor.
Room 5600 became bigger after World War II.
The family went to another building in 2014.
People wanted to use the roof of the building for entertainment.
The 67th, 69th, and 70th floors have places where people can look at the city from high above.
The highest one is the "Top of the Rock" Observation deck.
These places were opened in July 1933 and many people went there.
A restaurant called the Rainbow Room is on the 65th floor.
The Rainbow Room opened on October 3, 1934.
30 Rockefeller Plaza is  tall.
30 Rockefeller Plaza was built to be only one structure that takes up all of the space in the block between Sixth Avenue and Rockefeller Plaza.
30 Rockefeller Plaza's architecture has a limestone facade and Gothic-like four-leafed spandrels.
This affected the design of the rest of the complex (a group of related buildings).
Official Website of the GE Building Observation Deck
Emporis.com - GE Building
SkycraperPage.com – GE Building
Roger Brooke Taney (March 17 1777 – October 12 1864) was a Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
He came after John Marshall and despite the many influential things done by his predecessor, still was able to write several major opinions.
His decision in Dred Scott to send a slave living in a free state back to his master in a slave state canceled out several compromises that had been keeping the Union together.
When president Abraham Lincoln began using powers not normally given to the presidency to put certain rights on hold, Taney kept on trying to overrule him.
These attempts were ignored and rumored to have almost led to Taney's arrest.
When Taney County, Missouri was officially organized in 1837, it was named in his honor.
At the time Abraham Lincoln became president, Taney swore in Lincoln.
Politicians from Maryland
Lawyers from Maryland
A supreme court is generally the highest court in a country.
This means that, in many countries, it is the court of last resort and it has more power than other courts.
Decisions of lower appellate courts can be overruled here.
However, not all highest courts are named as such.
Civil law countries do not tend to have only one high court.
Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court".
For example, the High Court of Australia.
In some places the court named the "Supreme Court" is not the highest court.
Examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several provinces and territories of Canada and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales.
Decisions made in these courts are all subject to higher Courts of Appeal.
Constitutional issues
Some countries have a separate "constitutional" "court".
This is a high court that deals with issues regarding that country's constitution.
Other countries do not have separate constitutional courts.
Constitutional issues are decided by their supreme court.
For example, some have called the Supreme Court of the United States "the world's oldest constitutional court" because it was the first court in the world to strike down a law as unconstitutional.
The case was Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803).
Marbury v. Madison also established the US Supreme Court as an equal branch of the United States Government, along with the executive and Legislative branches.
The US Supreme court is technically not a constitutional court just as the European Court of Justice is also not a constitutional court.<ref name=Rosenfeld618>Michel Rosenfeld, 'Comparing constitutional review by the European Court of Justice and the U.S. Supreme Court', "Int Journal of Constitutional Law (October 2006) Vol.
4, Issue 4, pp.
618-651</ref> However, both courts engage in a great deal of constitutional review.
This means they function like a constitutional court, but are not called constitutional courts.
Political issues
Many, like the United States Supreme Court, at times become involved in political issues.
These include the Supreme Courts of Egypt, Pakistan, Israel, India and Kuwait.
One of the most controversial political decisions was Bush v. Gore'', 531 U.S. 98 (2000).
This was the United States Supreme Court decision that resolved the dispute surrounding the 2000 presidential election.
There has been a good deal of controversy over the European Court of Justice reviewing decisions made by member state governments.
The Supreme Court of Israel president, Aharon Barak, has been criticized for, along with others, dominating the government of Israel.
U.S. Court Is Now Guiding Fewer Nations, New York Times
Constitutional courts versus supreme courts
The Relationship between National Supreme Courts and Supranational Courts in Europe
Lee Chaolan is a video game character in Tekken.
The first time he was in Tekken was the first Tekken game.
Kazuya Mishima, Heihachi's son, was Lee's arch nemesis since they were children.
Kazuya always won against Lee.
Lee is now in a world of hate because of this experience.
He holds a constant grudge against Kazuya.
Lee Chaolan's fighting style uses mostly feet.
Using his long legs and quick feet, he can take down any foe that comes his way.
Kazuya uses a balanced force of fist and foot to take down his foes.
Balance is Kazuya's key to victory over his rival Lee.
fr:Liste des personnages de Tekken#Lee Chaolan
ko:철권 등장인물 목록#리 차오랑
fi:Luettelo Tekken-pelisarjan hahmoista#Lee Chaolan
A scooter is a bicycle or tricycle with very small wheels.
Some scooters have a motor, some have pedals, and some are pushed with the foot.
Scooters with motors are called motor scooters.
There are many different kinds of scooters.
They include motor scooters and kick scooters.
Some scooters have four wheels.
People who don't have much balance can drive that kind.
In some places, riders of motor scooters need a driver's license for driving a motorcycle.
In other places, they only need a licence for driving a moped.
Some scooters can hold two people.
A tricycle is a vehicle with three wheels.
It can be also called a trike.
Tricycles can have pedals, an electric motor or a petrol engine.
Human powered
A child's tricycle is best known, but adult tricycles are becoming more common.
The adult trikes will have a chain, gears and are recumbent (the feet are in front of the body).
They come in two main styles: tadpole with two wheels up front and one in back and delta with two wheels in the back and one wheel in the front.
Almost always the front wheel or wheels steer the bike, and power goes to the back wheel or wheels.
Some trikes are fully faired (covered in a shell to cut wind resistance).
These are called velomobiles.
Other trikes are built to carry cargo or passengers (also called a cycle rickshaw or pedicabs).
Motor driven
Motorcycles also come in three wheeled versions.
Some people like them for better balance or more room.
Title History at WWE.com
Indus (印度河)
Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra) (雅鲁藏布江) (joins the Ganges)
Salween (萨尔温江 or 怒江)
Mekong (湄公河)
Red River (Vietnam) (红河, a.k.a.
元江)
Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) (珠江)
Beijiang (Bei) (北江)
Dongjiang (Dong) (东江)
Han (韩江)
Mei (梅江)
Ning (宁江)
Ting (汀江)
Dajing (大靖河)
Xijiang (Xi) (西江)
Yujiang (Yu) (鬱江)
Yongjiang (Yong) (邕江）)
Zuojiang (Zuo) (左江)
Youjiang (You) (右江)
Xunjiang (Xun) (浔江）
Qiangjiang (Qiang) (黔江)
Rongjiang (Rong)（融江）
Hongshui (Red River) (红水河）
Beipan (北盘江)
Nanpan (南盘江)
Ba (灞水 or 灞河)
Guijiang (Gui) (桂江)
Lijiang (Li) (漓江)
Min (Fujian) (闽江)
Qiantang River, Qian River (钱塘江 or 钱江, upper reach known as 新安江)
Huangpu River (黃浦江)
Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) (长江, upper reach known as 金沙江)
Tongtian River
Yalong River (雅砻江）
Min (Sichuan) (岷江)
Wu (乌江）
Jialing (嘉陵江)
Bailong (白龙江)
Baishui (白水)
Qujiang (渠江)
Fujiang (涪江)
Xiang (湘江)
Xiaoshui (瀟水)
Zhengshui (蒸水)
Lishui (Li) (澧水)
Yuanjiang (Yuan) (沅江)
Wu River (巫水)
Zijiang (Zi) (资江)
Hanshui  (汉江 or 汉水)
Gan (赣江)
Zhang (章江)
Gongshui (貢水)
Mei (梅河)
Xiang (Jiangxi) (湘水)
Huai (淮河)
Shaying (沙颖河)
Yi (沂河)
Shu (沭河)
Si (泗河)
Jiao (胶河)
Yalu (鸭绿江) - Korea Bay
Wei (潍河)
Xiaoqing (小清河, formerly known as 济河)
Yellow River (Huang He) (黃河)
Daxia (大峡河)
Fen (汾河)
Wei (渭河)
Jing (泾河)
Luo (洛河)
Hai (海河)
Wei (卫河)
Zhang (漳河)
Yongding (永定河)
Luan (滦河)
Liao (辽河)
Tumen River (图们江)
Heilong Jiang (Heilongjiang) (黑龙江)
Songhua River (松花江)
Irtysh (额尔齐斯河) - Gulf of Ob (joins Ob River)
Grand Canal of China (大运河)
Rivers that do not flow into any larger body of water
Muzat River - tributary of the Tarim River
Tarim River - ends in the Taklamakan Desert
Ili river - ends in Lake Balkhash
Karakash (Black Jade River) (黑玉江) - ends in the Taklamakan Desert
Yurungkash (White Jade River) (白玉江) - ends in the Taklamakan Desert
Big Wood River
Blackfoot River
Boise River
Bruneau River
Coeur d'Alene River
Clark Fork (river)
Clearwater River (Idaho)
Henrys Fork
Kootenai River
Lemhi River
Little Salmon River
Little Weiser River
Little Wood River
Lochsa River
Lost River/Big (Idaho)
Lost River/East Fork (Idaho)
Lost River/Little (Idaho)
Lost River/North Fork (Idaho)
Malad River
Moyie River
North Fork Owyhee River
Owyhee River
Pack River
Palouse River
Pahsimeroi River
Payette River
Pend Oreille River
Portneuf River
Potlatch River
Priest River (Idaho)
Raft River
Sailor River
St. Joe River
Selway River
South Fork Snake River
South Fork Owyhee River
Teton River (Idaho)
Warm River
Weiser River
Idaho-related lists
Apple to Fox
Big Muddy River
Beaucoup Creek
Boneyard Creek
Bonpas Creek
Calumet River
Casey Creek, also known as Casey Fork Creek
DuPage River
Edwards River
Elm River
Embarras River
Fox River, northern Illinois
Fox River (Little Wabash tributary), southern Illinois
Galena to Lusk
Grand Calumet River
Henderson Creek
Iroquois River
Kaskaskia River
Kishwaukee River
Kyte River
La Moine River
Little Calumet River
Little Embarras River
Little Mackinaw River
Little Marys River
Little Muddy River
Little Vermilion River (Illinois)
Little Vermilion River (Illinois River tributary)
Little Wabash River
Lusk Creek
Mackinaw to Rock
Mackinaw River
Macoupin Creek
Marys River
Mazon River
Menominee River
Middle Fork Vermilion River
Palmer Creek (Columbia, IL)
Panther Creek (Mackinaw watershed)
Piscasaw Creek
Plum River
Saline to Wood
Saline River
Salt Fork Vermilion River
Salt Creek (Des Plaines River Tributary)
Salt Creek (Sangamon River Tributary)
Salt Creek (Little Wabash River Tributary)
Sangamon River
Skillet Fork
Skokie River
Somonauk Creek
Spoon River
Sugar Creek (Sangamon River tributary)
Thorn Creek
Vermilion River (Illinois River tributary)
Vermilion River (Wabash River tributary)
West Okaw River
Anderson River
Black River (Owensville – New Harmony)
Big Blue River
Calumet Riversystem
Driftwood River
Eel River (Cass/Miami/Wabash/Kosciusko/Whitley/Allen Counties)
Eel River (Greene/Owen/Clay/Putnam/Parke Counties)
Elkhart River
Fawn River
Flatrock Creek
Flatrock River
Fourteen Mile Creek
Little Blue River
Little Elkhart River
Little Flatrock River
Little Kankakee River
Little Pigeon River
Little River also called Little Wabash River
Little Vermilion River
Mississinewa River
Muscatatuck River
Patoka River
Pigeon River also called Pigeon Creek, Turkey Creek
Pigeon River also called Pigeon Creek
St. Joseph River (Maumee River tributary)
St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)
St. Marys River (Maumee River tributary)
Salamonie River
Sugar River also called Sugar Creek, Rock River
Tippecanoe River
Wildcat River also called Wildcat Creek
The Golden Compass is a fantasy movie, which was released on December 5, 2007 by New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. The movie is based on the book Northern Lights (also known as The Golden Compass), the first novel in Philip Pullman's trilogy His Dark Materials.
Lord Asriel has found something called "dust" that separates us and another universe.
People do not believe this idea.
The Magistrate, a very large and strong group, try to kill him by poisoning his drink.
Lyra, his niece, was playing, heard someone coming, hid, and saw a priest try to poison the drink.
She then ran out and saved Asriel before he could drink.
Asriel later goes to the North Pole to find this dust.
Lyra is also given something called a golden compass.
The person says that it's the only one in the world and that only a few people know how to use it.
A woman named Mrs. Coulter then tries to get Lyra in with her.
She promises her that they will go to the North Pole.
British fantasy movies
An independent body is a group employed to give a view without bias.
Independent bodies are mainly employed to review public services.
Some news groups claim to be independent bodies.
In the United States, they are called an independent agency or an independent regulatory agency.
Public services
The Limbourg brothers, or in Dutch Gebroeders van Limburg (Herman, Paul, and Johan; fl.
1385 – 1416), were famous Dutch Renaissance miniature painters from the city of Nijmegen.
They were active in the early 15th century in France and Burgundy.
They created what is certainly the best known late medieval illuminated manuscript, Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.
Anthony Stewart Head (born 20 February, 1954) is an English actor and musician who has appeared in theatre, television and movies.
He is most well known for his role as Rupert Giles in the American television drama series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, as the Prime Minister in the British comedy show Little Britain, as Dr. Frank N Furter in the London revival of The Rocky Horror Show and for a series of coffee adverts in the United Kingdom and the United States.
He is credited by his full name on American television, and sometimes as Tony Head elsewhere.
Uluru, also called Ayers Rock, is a name given to a huge rock near Alice Springs in the Australian Outback and located in Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park.
This is a holy place for some Aboriginal Australians.
It is in the Western Desert, in the middle of Australia.
It was listed as a World Heritage site in 1987 because of its geology.
In 1997 it was again listed as a World Heritage site, this time because of its importance to the Anangu people.
It was the second place in the world to be listed as culturally significant, and it is one of the few places in the world to have two listings.
The Anangu people believe that Uluru, and the rest of Central Australia, was formed by ancestral beings at the beginning of time.
The Anangu are directly descended from these ancestors.
Modern science shows that they have lived around Uluru for more than 40,000 years.
They continued to live their traditional life until the 1930s.
This was a nomadic life, moving around to hunt and gather food according to the seasons.
They have a complex ceremonial life based around Uluru.
They are one of the oldest human societies on earth.
The first Europeans to see Uluru were explorers led by William Christie Gosse.
He saw Uluru on 19 July 1873 and   named it Ayers Rock after Sir Henry Ayers, who was Chief Secretary of South Australia.
The land was too dry and remote for farming, and very few people came to Uluru until the mid 20th century.
Mountains of the Northern Territory
The Elapidae, or elapids, are a family of venomous snakes.
These snakes can be found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
They can also be found in  the Indian Ocean and the Pacific.
They are characterized by a set of hollow, fixed fangs through which they inject venom.
There are snakes of different sizes,  from only 18 cm (Drysdalia) up to 6 m in length (King Cobra).
Currently, 61 genera with 231 species are known.
On land
Those elapids that live on land look a lot like the colubrids: almost all have long and slender bodies with smooth scales, a head that is covered with large shields and not always distinct from the neck, and eyes with round pupils.
In addition, their behavior is usually quite active and most are oviparous.
There are exceptions to all these generalizations: For example, the death adders (Acanthophis) include short and fat, rough-scaled, very broad-headed, cat-eyed, live-bearing, sluggish ambush predators with partly fragmented head shields.
Some species spend most of their lives in trees or bushes; this is called arboreal (African Pseudohaje and Dendroaspis, Australian Hoplocephalus).
Many others are  specialised burrowers (e.g. Ogmodon, Parapistocalamus, Simoselaps, Toxicocalamus, Vermicella).
Some species have very generalised diets.
Others  have specialised on a certain kind of prey.
They have also adapted themselves, to better be able to feed on other snakes, certain lizards, squamate eggs, mammals, birds, frogs, fish, etc.
In the water
Sea snakes, which are also elapids, have adapted to a marine way of life in different ways.
All have evolved their tails so they can be used for swimming.
They can also excrete salt.
Most also have changed bodies, better suited for swimming.
Ventral scales are much smaller, the nostrils of the snakes are located dorsally and without scales between them.
They give birth to live young (ovoviviparous).
In general they have the ability to breathe through their skin; experiments with the yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus, have shown that this species can satisfy about 20% of its oxygen requirements in this manner.
This makes it possible to stay underwater longer.
The sea kraits (Laticauda sp. ),
are the least well-adapted to an aquatic life.
They spend much of their time on land where they also lay their eggs (oviparous).
They have wide ventral scales, the tail is not as well-developed for swimming, and their nostrils are separated by scales.
Venom for hunting and self-defense
All elapids have a pair of proteroglyphous fangs that are used to inject venom from glands located towards the rear of the upper jaws.
The fangs are the first two teeth on each maxillary bone, which are enlarged and hollow, and usually only one is in place on each side at any time.
The maxilla is intermediate in length and mobility between typical colubrids (long, less mobile) and viperids (very short, highly mobile).
When the mouth is closed, the fangs fit into grooved slots in the buccal floor; in the longest-fanged elapids (e.g. Acanthophis, Oxyuranus) it is common for the fangs to pierce right through the intermandibular skin, which does not seem to endanger the snake.
The fangs are usually below the front edge of the eye and are angled backwards; due to this construction, most elapids must actually bite in order to envenomate.
This action is therefore not as quick as with the viperids, that can envenomate with only a quick, stabbing motion.
Some elapids (Acanthophis, Oxyuranus, and especially Dendroaspis) have long fangs on quite mobile maxillae (the prefrontal and ectopterygoid contacts are nearly as close together as in viperids), and can therefore make very fast stabbing strikes like viperids.
A few species are capable of spraying their venom from forward facing holes at the tips of their fangs as a means of defense.
Elapids use their venom both to immobilize their prey and in self-defense.
All elapids are venomous and many are potentially deadly.
The venoms are mostly neurotoxic and are considered more dangerous than the mainly proteolytic viper venoms.
Members include the black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis), a species many regard as the world's most dangerous snake, the fierce snake (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), which is the most venomous land snake to mice, and Hydrophis belcheri, a sea snake and the most toxic venom of all snakes.
A colubrid (from Latin coluber, snake) is a snake that is a member of the Colubridae family.
Colubridae is the largest snake family, and includes about two-thirds of all known living snake species.
However, colubrids are certainly not a natural group, and many are more closely related to other groups, such as elapids, than to each other.
This family has classically been a dumping ground for snakes that do not fit anywhere else.
There is on-going mitochondrial DNA research which will sort out the familial relations within this group.
A colubrid's body is almost completely covered in scales.
Most colubrids are not venomous and are normally harmless.
A few groups, such as genus Boiga, can produce medically significant bites.
In addition, the Boomslang and African twig snake have both caused human fatalities.
The venom-injecting fangs associated with venomous colubrids are almost always in the back of the mouth, in contrast to vipers and elapids.
Selected species
Water snake
Mussurana
Central Finland, Keski-Suomi, is a region of Finland with about 270,000 inhabitants.
Neighbouring regions are Pirkanmaa, Southern Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Northern Ostrobothnia, Northern Savonia, Southern Savonia and Päijänne Tavastia.
There are 27 municipalities in Central Finland.
A Sea snake, or "coral reef snake", is a venomous elapid snake.
They live in marine environments for most or all of their lives.
At present, 17 genera are described as sea snakes, with 62 species.
They evolved from snakes that lived on the land.
Some sea snakes still have some of the behaviour and traits of their ancestors, such as Laticauda, which can move a little on land.
Most sea snakes are unable to move on the ground at all, but they are well adapted to living in the water.
Sea snakes are found in warm coastal waters from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific.
They live in the tropical and warm regions, but not in the Atlantic Ocean, or the North American coast above the Gulf of California.
Most sea snakes grow to sizes between 1.2m and 1.4m, some can reach 2m or more.
Hydrophis cyanocinctus reach 2.5m to 3m. They reach a weight of about 0.8 -1.3 kg, at a size of 1.8m. In most cases, females are larger than males.
All sea snakes have paddle-like tails  and many have laterally compressed bodies – they look somewhat like eels.
However, unlike fish, they do not have gills and must come to the surface regularly to breathe.
Nevertheless, they are among the most completely aquatic of all air-breathing vertebrates.
Among this group are species with some of the most potent venoms of all snakes.
Some have gentle dispositions and bite only when provoked, while others are much more aggressive.
All snakes are good swimmers, but only real sea snakes live their whole lives in the ocean.
Not only do they live there, they eat there and even have their young right inside the water.
Most cannot live at all on land.
If they get forced onto land by a storm or powerful currents, they are unable to move.
Sea snakes have no scutes (special scales on snakes' bellies that help them grip and slither across the ground), so if a sea snake ends up on a beach, it is unable to slither back out to sea.
Instead, sea snakes have a paddle-shaped tail.
With its tail, the snake can swim well.
Sea snakes have special nostrils that can close when they go underwater and open when they come up to breathe, like the blowhole of a whale (scientists call these valved nostrils).
The nostrils are found high up on the head so that the entire snake can stay under the water when they come up to breathe.
In its search for food, a sea snake may remain under water for a long time.
To do this, sea snakes have evolved a single lung that almost is as long as the whole body.
Most sea snakes are able to breathe through their skin.
This is unusual for reptiles, because their skin is normally thick and scaly.
Experiments with the black-and-yellow sea snake, Pelamis platurus (a pelagic species), have shown that this species can get about 20% of its oxygen in this manner, which allows for longer dives.
Like other land animals that have adapted to life in a marine environment, sea snakes swallow considerably more salt than their relatives living on land.
They do this through their diet and when they inadvertently swallow sea water.
Kidney function in birds and reptiles is too weak to remove enough salt.
In birds, such as penguins, salt is removed through nasal glands.
The marine iguanas of the Galapagos Islands use the same mechanism.
Sea turtles have lacrimal glands that allow them to produce very salty tears.
But in sea snakes, glands under and around the tongue let them expel salt with their tongue action.
Natural function
Most sea snakes prey on fish, especially eels.
The latter stiffens and dies within seconds when bitten.
One species prefers molluscs and crustaceans, such as prawns.
Some reef dwelling species have small heads and thin necks, making it possible for them to get small eels from the soft bottom where they hide.
Effect of venom on humans
Pelamis platurus has a venom more potent than any other terrestrial snake species in Costa Rica.
The snake is very common in the waters of the western coast of Costa Rica.
Despite this, few human deaths have been reported.
Nevertheless, all sea snakes should be handled with great caution.
When bites occur, only a small amount of venom is injected.
The symptoms caused by the venom may seem slight at first.
There is usually little or no swelling involved, and it is rare for any nearby lymph nodes to be affected.
The most important symptoms are a rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue and paralysis.
Early symptoms include headache, a thick-feeling tongue, thirst, sweating, and vomiting.
Symptoms that can occur after 30 minutes to several hours after the bite include generalized aching, stiffness, and tenderness of muscles all over the body.
This is followed later on by symptoms typical of other elapid attacks: a progressive paralysis of muscles.
Paralysis of muscles involved in swallowing and respiration can be fatal.
After three to eight hours, myoglobin may start to show up in the blood plasma.
This is a result of muscle breakdown.
It can cause the urine to turn a dark reddish, brown, or black in color, and eventually lead to kidney failure.
After six to twelve hours, severe hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrest.
The hyperkalemia is also the result of muscle breakdown.
The attacked person may experience nausea, vomiting, thick tongue, difficulty in speaking and swallowing, blurred vision, weakness, numbness, or stiffness.
More severe symptoms may include paralysis, drooping eyelids, dark brown urine, lockjaw, difficulty breathing, and blue lips and tongue.
Sometimes, death may occur.
The title of Archduke (feminine: Archduchess) (German: Erzherzog, feminine form: Erzherzogin) is a rank above Duke and under King.
It was used only by males of the House of Habsburg.
Ruler style
The English word is recorded only since 1530, derived from Middle Latin archidux, from arch(i)- (primary or chief) + dux 'duke' .
Archduke (Erzherzog) is a title distinct from Grand Duke (Großherzog or Großfürst) that is used in some other German royal houses and still in sovereign Luxemburg.
Fictional Archdukes
Poggle the Lesser was the Archduke of Geonosis, a planet from the Star Wars universe.
Famous archdukes and duchesses
Empress Maria Theresa. (
Was Archduchess of Austria ect,)
Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (better known as "Marie Antoinette" was a daughter of the above and wife of Louis XVI of France)
Maria Teresa of Austria wife of Louis XIV of France.
known as "Marie Thérèse".
Grand Duke
EtymologyOnLine
Use of the title "archduke" in contemporaneous documents
Trench warfare is a war tactic, or way of fighting.
It was commonly used on the Western Front in the First World War.
It has also been used in other wars, like the Iran-Iraq War.
In trench warfare, the two sides fighting each other dug trenches in a battlefield.
These trenches had many different parts, such as places for sleeping, for headquarters, for storage, and for artillery and machine guns.
Between the front trenches, on the battlefield, was an area called "no man's land".
This area was often covered with barbed wire and land mines.
Soldiers on each side would try to cross no man's land to get to the enemy's trench and attack.
Tanks were commonly used to cross this land.
Armies used trench warfare because it gave soldiers cover while defending themselves against attack.
It also gave soldiers bunks to sleep in, although the bunks were very unclean and uncomfortable.
In World War I (1914 - 1918)
Soldiers in World War I used trenches to protect themselves while fighting.
They dug holes two meters deep, which they called trenches.
Most World War I soldiers fought in the trenches.
These trenches were not very far apart.
There could have been as few as thirty meters in between each trench.
Between the trenches on each side, there was an open area called No Man’s Land.
Death was frequent in the trenches, even when there was no fighting.
For example, many soldiers fighting in trench warfare died of disease.
Life in the trenches
The trenches were dirty.
Some men disappeared into the mud because it was so thick.
The cold, wet and unsanitary conditions made many soldiers sick.
Lice spread trench fever, a fungal infection which caused severe head pain and fever.
Rats invaded the trenches and spread disease everywhere.
The brown rats were the more hated kind.
They ate human remains.
Some grew to be as big as cats.
The trenches had a terrible smell.
Bodies were rotting in shallow graves; men had not washed in weeks because there were no facilities; cesspits were overflowing; and creosol or chloride of lime was used to stave off the constant threat of disease and infection.
There was also the lingering odour of poison gas, and the smells of cordite, rotting sandbags, stagnant mud, cigarette smoke, and cooking food.
The smell was the first thing a new recruit would notice on the way to the front lines.
However, new arrivals soon got used to it, and eventually added their own body odor to the smell.
The trench system
Front-line trenches were usually about seven feet deep and six feet wide.
The front side of the trench was called the parapet.
The rear side was called the parados.
Along the top of the parapet and the parados, soldiers would build a wall of sandbags that was two to three feet tall.
The sandbags helped to absorb bullets and shell fragments.
It was impossible for soldiers to see over the top of a 7-foot trench.
To solve this problem, armies added a two or three-foot ledge called a fire-step to the trenches.
Trenches were not dug in straight lines.
If the trenches were straight, and the enemy got into them, they could shoot straight along the line.
Instead, soldiers dug trenches with alternate fire-bays and traverses.
Duck-boards were also placed at the bottom of the trenches to protect soldiers from problems such as trench foot.
Soldiers also made dugouts and funk holes in the side of the trenches to give them some protection from the weather and enemy fire.
The front-line trenches were also protected by barbed-wire entanglements and machine-gun posts.
Short trenches called saps were dug from the front-line trench into No-Man's Land.
The sap-head, usually about 30 yards forward of the front-line, was then used as listening posts.
Behind the front-line trenches were support and reserve trenches.
The three rows of trenches covered between 200 and 500 yards of ground.
Communication trenches were dug at an angle to the front-line trench and were used to transport men, equipment and food supplies.
Jackson, Patrick, In Depth: A century of mud and fire, BBC News, 27 June 2006
Association for World War Archaeology
Photograph of soldiers digging trenches during The First World War
Port-de-Paix (Kréyòl: Pòdepè or Pòdpè; in English means "Peace Port") is a city and the capital of the département of Nord-Ouest in Haiti on the Atlantic coast.
The city is close to the mouth of the river Trois-Rivières, one of the most important river in Haiti.
It has a population of 115,000 (2003 census), with 25,000 living in the city.
Christopher Columbus came to this region on 15 December 1492 and he gave it the name Valle del Paraíso or Valparaiso (Spanish for "Paradise Valley") because he found that this was a very beautiful valley.
The town was founded in 1665 by French buccaneers (a kind of pirates in the Caribbean) from Tortuga Island when they had to leave the island.
In 1676 the town saw the first black slave revolt; its leader was Padre Jean (also Padrejean and Pedro Juan) and who was killed by buccaneers in 1679 in the mountains close to Port-de-Paix.
The area saw great success during the 19th century and Port-de-Paix was an important port; from here, bananas and coffee were sent to other countries.
In 1902 the town was almost entirely destroyed by fire.
Port-de-Paix is also the chief town of an arrondissement (a part of a department) of the same name.
The arondissement consists of four communes (like municipalities): Port-de-Paix, Bassin Bleu, Chansolme and Tortuga Island.
Radio Balade FM
Radio Planete FM
Radio Television du Nord-Ouest
A device controller is a system that handles the incoming and outgoing signals of the CPU.
A device is connected to the computer via a plug and socket, and the socket is connected to a device controller.
Device controllers use binary and digital codes.
An IO device contains mechanical and electrical parts.
A device controller is the electrical part of the IO device.
Device-Operating System Communication
The Device Controller receives the data from a connected device and stores it temporarily in some special purpose registers (i.e. local buffer) inside the controller.
Then it communicates the data with a Device Driver.
For each device controller there is an equivalent device driver which is the standard interface through which the device controller communicates with the Operating Systems through Interrupts.
Device controller is a hardware whereas device driver is a software.
Rostov-on-Don () is a city in the European part of Russia.
It is on the River Don, about 46 km before it flows into the Sea of Azov.
The city is the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia.
About 1 million people live in the city (as of 2002).
The mouth of the Don River has been very important since the ancient times.
It has been important for cultural reasons and for trade.
The Greek colony Tanais was there, and also the Genoese fort Tana.
Later, the Ottoman Empire built a fortress there.
This fortress was named Azov.
Rostov-on-Don was founded in 1749.
In that year, a customs house was built on the Don.
Later, a large fortress followed.
It was named after Saint Dimitry of Rostov.
Dmitry of Rostov was a bishop from the old Northern town Rostov the Great.
With the time, the importance of the fortress Asov became less and less.
The settlement near the fortress became more important than the fortress.
It was the commercial centre of the region.
In 1796 this settlement received city rights and was renamed Rostov-on-Don.
The Don River that the city is named afrer is a major shipping lane.
It connects southwestern Russia with regions to the north.
Rostov-on-Don is an important river port both for people and industrial shipping.
With such a good geographical location, the city grew quickly.
It is the most industrialized city of South Russia.
Because of this, the city caused a large problem between the Whites and the Bolsheviks during the Civil War.
By 1928, the regional government was moved from the old Cossack capital Novocherkassk to Rostov.
The nearby Armenian town of Nor Nakhijevan became a part of the city.
In the Soviet years, the Bolsheviks destroyed two of Rostov's main landmarks - St Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1908) and St George Cathedral in Nakhichevan (1783-1807).
Much of the city was destroyed by the German forces who took control of it three times - in 1918, 1941 and 1942.
Today, the most notable part of the historical city is the very big Cathedral of Virgin's Nativity (1860-87), designed by Konstantin Thon.
Rostov-on-Don has had much economic growth in recent years.
Part of this is because the Russian economy is getting stronger.
Many new companies have built headquarters in the city.
People living in the city are making more money than they did in the past.
The city is being changed from a place thrown back in time by the collapse of communism into a modern, industrial and technology-rich city.
Public educational institutions include Southern Federal University and Don State Technical University.
The major private university in the city is the Institute of Management, Business and Law.
There is also a French cultural center, run by Alliance Francaise, a British-Council, a Goethe-Institut, and a Bosch Foundation.
Rostov Economic State University 'RINH' is a very famous university in Rostov-on-Don.
It has 5 Institutes, as Finance, IT and Management, National and World Economics, Marketing and Commerce, Account and Economics, Law, Linguistics and Journalism and 9 filials.
Two professional football clubs are based in Rostov-on-Don.
FC Rostov play in the Russian Premier League and SKA are in the First Division.
Handball team Rostov-Don plays in the Russian Handball Championship.
, Glasgow
, Dortmund
, Gera
, Pleven
, Le Mans
, Mobile, Alabama
, Yerevan
, Kajaani
, Cheongju
, Volos
, Antalya
Official Rostov-on-Don Administration Site
1983 Rostov and surrounds Topographic map 1:100,000  made by Soviet Army HQ (Service use only)
Old views of Rostov-on-the-Don
History and Culture of Don Region
Archeological museum-preserve Tanais (biggest in Russia) near Rostov-on-Don
Rostov Aviation Portal English language support forum
Crypto.com Arena, originally known as Staples Center, is an indoor multi-purpose arena in downtown Los Angeles, California.
It is home to three basketball teams—the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers of the NBA and Los Angeles Sparks of the WNBA—plus the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL in ice hockey.
They have the Grammy Awards here every year.
The building hosted World Wrestling Entertainment's pay-per-view WrestleMania 21 in 2005.
On December 25, 2021, the arena was renamed Crypto.com Arena, for a Singapore-based cryptocurrency exchange that bought the naming rights.
Los Angeles Kings (NHL)
Los Angeles Clippers (NBA)
Los Angeles Lakers (NBA)
Los Angeles Sparks (WNBA)
Sports buildings in Los Angeles
Camden County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
In 2000, 6,885 people lived there.
Its county seat is the community of Camden.
Camden County is the first and only consolidated city-county in North Carolina.
Currituck County, North Carolina - northeast
Tyrrell County, North Carolina - south-southwest
Pasquotank County, North Carolina - southwest
Gates County, North Carolina - northwest
Camden County government official website
Caswell County is a county  in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
In 2000, 23,501 people lived there.
Caswell County was made in 1777 from the northern part of Orange County.
In 1792  the eastern half of Caswell County was made into Person County.
Pittsylvania County, Virginia - north
Halifax County, Virginia - northeast
Person County, North Carolina - east
Orange County, North Carolina - southeast
Alamance County, North Carolina - southwest
Rockingham County, North Carolina - west
Yanceyville
Caswell County government official website
Caswell County Historical Association
One type of a forum is an online discussion site on the Internet.
Users can type messages for others to see, and reply to other user's messages.
Messages (or "posts") are organised by topic (or "thread"), with each poster either replying to an existing topic or creating a new topic for a new conversation.
Forums can be found on a lot of websites.
Internet forums are often used to show people information.
Things like pictures hyperlinks and images can also be put on the board, or "posted".
Many Internet forums have rules against things such as spamming and trolling.
If people do those kind of things, they will be warned, and if they continue, they will be banned.
Forums also have their own set of rules.
A rule which is used by many forums is not to comment or bring up old threads because those forums were made to discuss the newest events.
Member: which nearly everyone is, they can read and create posts.
Moderator: someone whose job is to keep order on the forum.
They can delete posts and warn or ban members who break the forum rules.
Administrator, or admin: The highest rank, who can change settings on the forum and change user permissions.
Catawba County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
In 2000, 141,685 people lived there.
Alexander County, North Carolina - north
Lincoln County, North Carolina - south
Burke County, North Carolina - west
Caldwell County, North Carolina - northwest
Brookford
Claremont
Conover
Lake Norman of Catawba
Sherrills Ford
St. Stephens
Catawba County government official website
Experience Catawba
Stone tools are tools made of stone.
They are the reason the stone age was given its name.
They were the first known tools used by mankind, and were used by all human species, such as Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
Recently it was learned that stone tools were used before the genus Homo evolved.
These oldest tools come from the shores of Lake Turkana in Kenya, and date to 3.3 million years ago.
Volcanic ash and minerals around the tools allow them to be dated.
The tools look like those described as Oldowan.
They might have been made by members of species such as Australopithecus afarensis or Kenyanthropus platyops.
The research team has proposed the term "Lomekwian" for these tools, and say they mark the start of archaeology.
The palaeoenvironment was wooded.
Peter René Baumann (born 5 January 1968) better known as DJ BoBo, is a Swiss singer, songwriter, dancer and music producer.
He mixed a song called "Chihuahua" in 2005.
It was a remix from a Spanish single in 2002.
DJ BoBo is also famous for his entry in the Eurovision Song Contest of 2007.
Swiss entertainers
Swiss singers
Cherokee County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
In 2000, 24,298 people lived there.
The county was made in 1839 from the western part of Macon County.
In 1861 the southeastern part of Cherokee County became Clay County and in 1872 its northeastern part became Graham County.
Graham County, North Carolina - northeast
Macon County, North Carolina - east
Clay County, North Carolina - southeast
Union County, Georgia - south-southeast
Fannin County, Georgia - south-southwest
Polk County, Tennessee - west
Monroe County, Tennessee - northwest
Official Cherokee County NC Government Website
1839 establishments in the United States
Chowan County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
In 2000, 14,526 people lived there.
Gates County (north)
Perquimans County (east)
Washington County (south)
Bertie County (west)
Hertford County (northwest)
Edenton
Rockyhock
Selwin
Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
During the 2000 United States Census, 8,775 people lived there.
Its county seat is Hayesville.
Macon County, North Carolina - northeast
Rabun County, Georgia - southeast
Towns County, Georgia - south
Union County, Georgia - southwest
Cherokee County, North Carolina - northwest
Warne
For computers, a character is a letter, number, or punctuation mark that can be shown on a screen, or printed.
There are also some unseen characters, called control characters.
An example of a control character is the carriage return or line feed that tells the software to start a new line.
A glyph is the shape of the character that is seen when put on screen or on paper.
Since computers only use numbers, they use number codes to represent characters.
For example, in ASCII, the number 65 represents the letter 'A'.
The computer knows, when working in ASCII, to put the glyph for 'A' on the screen when it sees the number 65.
The glyph can change shape slightly depending on the font that is used, if it is bold or in italics, etc.
But it is still stored as a 65 in the computer, that does not change.
ASCII and Unicode
One of the early standards for storing characters was ASCII.
It uses 7 bits to store each character.
This allows 128 characters - enough for the numbers 0-9, the upper case letters A-Z, lower case letters a-z, most punctuation marks including spaces, parentheses and braces, and some control characters.
But it is not enough for letters used in other languages, such as umlauts used in German and Scandinavian languages.
Some systems added an 8th bit to ASCII, for another 128 characters, but the extra characters can vary from one system to another.
And this doesn't address all languages.
There are thousands of Chinese characters alone.
To store all of these characters, Unicode was developed.
This uses 16 bits to store 65,536 characters.
ASCII is still widely used, especially in the English-speaking areas.
The Internet was started in English, and until 2010 URL addresses could only contain certain ASCII characters.
Some ASCII characters that are not supported are replaced by a '%' and a number for its location in the ASCII table.
The space character, for instance is changed to "%20" when it shows up in a URL.
In 2010, Unicode was allowed so people who spoke Russian, Greek, Chinese or other languages could see a domain name in their own language.
An optical drive is usually a CD drive or DVD drive.
Optical means it uses lenses.
The drive uses a light called a laser.
A laser is the most exact and powerful sort of light but the laser in the drive is very, very small.
The CD or DVD disk is similar to a mirror and the laser light reflects off it.
The disk has very small (microscopic) codes written on it.
The drive has a very small camera lens beside the laser which can read the codes.
Another part of the drive is plugged in to the computer by a wire (inside) and the code goes through the wire as a signal to the computer.
List of optical drives
CD drive
DVD drive
Blu-ray Disc drive
HD-DVD drive
LaserDisc drive
From 2005 to 2008 it was streamed on WWE.com on Fridays for North American viewers.
However it was still televised in internationally.
The final episode was streamed on May 30, 2008.
The show made its debut on August 2, 1998 on the USA Network as WWF Sunday Night Heat.
It began as the second most important show in WWF Programming second to WWF Monday Night Raw.
Heat would feature backstage interview segments and in-ring action.