the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Henry David Thoreau – Walden, or Life in the Woods
Leo Tolstoy – Boyhood
1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian Calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday in the Julian Calendar.
It was the last year of the 19th century.
May 17 – The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum is published.
February 9 – The Boers defeat the British at Ladysmith, South Africa.
The Olympic Games took place in Paris.
March 29 – John McEwen, eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)
April 16 – Polly Adler, Russian writer (d. 1962)
April 26 – Charles Richter, American geophysicist and inventor (d. 1985)
June 17 – Martin Bormann, Nazi-German politician (d. 1945)
August 4 – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, queen of George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 2002)
October 7 – Heinrich Himmler, Nazi official (d. 1945)
November 14 – Aaron Copland, American composer (d. 1990)
June 5 – Stephen Crane, American writer (b. 1871)
August 25 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher and writer (b. 1844)
November 22 – Sir Arthur Sullivan.
English composer (b. 1842)
November 30 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (b. 1854)
A birdbox is a human-made, usually wooden box used as a house for birds.
It is suitable as a bird home because it is similar to a natural bird home, such as a hollow tree, and birds often make nests inside birdboxes.
Birdboxes are often put on trees.
They are often made by people who are fond of birds, but they are also useful for studying birds.
For domesticated birds, birdboxes are often used for breeding.
Most birdboxes feature a simple design with of six planks ordered in a cube, with a hole in a wall where birds can go in and out.
Common additions include a small stick outside the hole on which birds can sit on, and a sloping roof to make rainwater run off.
Some can however be highly detailed and decorated, depending on the maker's preferences.
They can also be made from things like logs or gourds.
They come in many sizes, depending on the size of the bird type the box is made for.
Most birdboxes are small, but some, such as ones made for owls or parrots, can be quite large.
Although birdboxes are intended for birds, many other animals can inhabit them as well.
Examples include bees that make beehives inside them, and squirrels.
Some people pronounce words differently.
A lot of the time, different countries that speak the same language pronounce the same words in a different way.
Usually they can understand each-other, but they will notice that they sound a little different.
Sometimes, people will talk about someone's accent.
They might say that the person has a German accent, or an Australian accent.
An accent is the way you say the words.
If you notice someone has (for example) a British accent, you can understand them (you know what they are saying), but also know they came from Britain.
The way a person says words usually comes from where the person was a child (where they "grew up", or their "home town") and the other people where the person lives.
People learn how to say words and sentences and so they sound the same people near them when they speak.
People speaking the same language can have different accents.
Even people in the same country can have different accents.
Sometimes people can tell what city someone lived in when they were a child by the way that person speaks.
One example is a New York City accent.
They might say "bwoll" () instead of ball (normally  in America), like used in sports and games; or they might say "hwot dwog" () instead of hot dog (normally  or  in that country).
It sounds different, but people still know they mean "ball" or "hot dog" when they're talking.
When first trying to learn a new language, often a person will still have the old accent from their first language.
That often allows other people to guess which country or place that person lived in before.
If someone can learn another language well enough, someone may not have the old accent anymore and may get a new accent in the new language.
If someone studied German in Austria, for example, people in Germany may think that person was Austrian.
Sometimes it can be confusing for people learning a language if there are more than one common accents.
If you're learning English but hear a mix of British, American, Canadian and Australian people and people from Singapore and India often, like in your school or on the Internet, it might confuse you when you hear them say the same sounds or words differently.
Sometimes, people think it's better to learn the language with one accent so you can be less confused, and when you're good enough at the language, you can start to tell the different accents different people from different countries have.
Louis Braille (4 January 1809 - 6 January 1852) was a French inventor.
He was born in Coupvray.
He invented the script braille system, which helps blind people to read.
Braille is read by passing one's fingers over characters made up of an arrangement of one to six embossed points.
It has been adapted to almost every known language.
Braille was the child of a leather maker.
He had three older siblings, two sisters and a brother.
He became blind at the age of three.
He accidentally stuck a stitching awl into one eye while he was in his father's workshop.
There were no antibiotics and soon his injured eye was infected.
It spread to his other eye and soon, he became blind in both eyes.
He went to the Royal Institute of Blind Youth at the age of 10.
Braille was a good student, especially when it came to science and music.
Later he became a church organist.
He was also a teacher at the Institute of Blind Youth.
Braille died in Paris at the age of 43 of tuberculosis.
1852 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Paris
French inventors
Marsupials are the main part of an infraclass of mammals called the Metatheria.
This consists of the marsupials and their extinct ancestors.
There are about 320 different species.
Marsupials give birth to living young.
The young are called joeys.
The joeys feed on milk.
They are born very small.
Marsupials have a special pouch where they carry their joeys.
After the birth the joey goes into its mother's pouch, where it can drink milk and is kept warm and safe.
When the joeys are young they stay in the pouch all the time, but when they are older they can leave it for short times.
When they are old enough and too big for the pouch they do not go into their mother's pouch anymore.
Marsupials evolved before the southern supercontinent Gondwana broke off from Pangaea 100 million years ago.
Early marsupial fossils have been found in Asia, from 125 million years ago.
They were outcompeted on Laurasia by placental mammals, but the placentals did not get into the Australasian part of Gondwana before it broke away into a separate supercontinent.
That is why marsupials now found native only on the southern continents of Australasia and South and Central America, with the single exception of the Virginia opossum.
There are 334 species of living Australasian marsupials.
They are mostly in Australia and New Guinea, and some are on the smaller islands.
In more recent times the land bridge between the Americas, and reintroductions to Australia, have brought in placental mammals.
They have caused the recent extinction of many marsupial species.
List of Marsupials
Bandicoots
Koalas
Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger)
Wallabies
Wombats
Thingodonta
The extinct genus Yalkaparidon (Order Yalkaparidontia) is a bizarre fossil found in the Oligocene/Miocene deposits of Riversleigh, NE Australia.
Its teeth are so strange that palaeontologists call it a 'Thingodont'.
Opossums
Shrew opossums
Monito del Monte
No longer marsupial
The borhyaenids and the sabertooth Thylacosmilus are no longer considered to be marsupials.
They are sparassodont metatherians, the sister group of the marsupials.
Billy Joe "BJ" Thomas (August 7, 1942 – May 29, 2021) was an American country singer-songwriter.
Thomas was born in Hugo, Oklahoma.
His most famous songs are "Hooked upon a feeling" and "Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head", which was in the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.
He sang throughout the 1970s.
He changed to Christian music in the 1980s.
He won a Grammy Award for every year between 1977 until 1981.
In March 2021, Thomas announced that he was diagnosed with stage-4 lung cancer.
He died from the disease on May 29, 2021 in Arlington, Texas at the age of 78.
Singers from Oklahoma
Christian music singers
Writers from Oklahoma
American pop singers
The Laws of war are some simple rules or international law which most people accept about fighting out of humanitarianism.
Many people think that because there is fighting, there should be no rules.
This is called "total war".
However, laws of war have been made so that wars do not get worse than they need to be.
Anything marked as a hospital, an ambulance, a doctor, or a first aid person are not to be attacked.
Those places, vehicles, and people should not have weapons.
Anyone who is a member of a neutral power is not to be a target of violence unless the said person is committing or intending to commit a hostile act.
Anyone fighting in the war has to wear a uniform.
They can only wear the uniform of their side.
Also they have to carry their weapons out in the open where they can be seen.
Anyone carrying or waving a plain white flag or piece of cloth must not be attacked.
That person should also not attack anyone.
They may want to surrender, or just talk about ways to solve the problem without more fighting.
Any enemy soldier captured must be treated fairly as a prisoner of war.
Religious buildings such as churches, mosques, and temples are to be protected at all costs.
Occupied territory should be governed fairly and not looted or devastated.
Where the laws come from
These laws come from various treaties.
Some of these treaties are:
The Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856.
It abolished privateering
The First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of 1864
The St. Petersburg Declaration of 1868.
It bans ammunition of less that 400 grams weight.
It also bans ammunition with Fulminates in them, or  with inflammable substances.
Through this convention, it is no longer allowed to use ammunition that falls apart into fragments, that burns, or explodes for small arms.
Such ammunition can still be used in autocannon or artillery though.
The Hague Conventions of 1898 and 1907
Various other Geneva Conventions
The Charter of the United Nations
Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects.
This bans certain types of weapons (like some landmines, weapons with fragmenting ammunition, incendiary devices and blinding laser weapons)
Maharashtra is the name of a state in India.
Its language is Marathi.
It is the fourth biggest state of India by area and second biggest state in India based on population.
Only one Indian state has more people (Uttar Pradesh).
Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra. (
The name Mumbai comes from the original name of the city, Mumba puri.)
Pune is the cultural and educational capital.
Maharashtra is in the west part of India.
It is on the coast of the Arabian Sea.
Six other states of India have borders with Maharashtra.
It covers an area of .
It is bigger than Italy, but smaller than Oman.
In traditional Indian geography it falls under the West Indian zone.
There are some well-known cave monuments like Ajanta and Ellora.
The first oil mill is in Mumbai.
Some of the crops grown in Maharashtra are Bajra, Jowar, Rice, Wheat, etc.
The neighbouring States are Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Goa, and Chhattisgarh.
A famous dish in Maharashtra is Pithla Bhakri.
Most people in Maharashtra are Hindus and you can see it in the culture of Maharashtra.
There are many temples in Maharashtra and some of them are very old.
The architecture of these temples is a mixture of architecture from North and South India.
The temples also have ideas from Hindu, Buddhist and Jain cultures.
Maharashtra has many forts like Raigad and Pratapgad which were very important in the early history of the Maratha Empire and also sea forts like the one at Sindhudurg.
The folk music of Maharashtra is mixed.
Famous dance form in Maharashtra is lavni
An early piece of Marathi literature is Bhawarthadeepika (known as Dnyaneshwari) by Dnyaneshwar.
The religious songs called bhajans by Dnyaneshwar, Tukaram, Namdev,chokhamela,Savta Mali are very popular.
Modern Marathi literature also has some great poets and authors likeJyotirao Govindrao Phule,Savitribai Jyotirao Phule,Dr.Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Anna Bhau Sathe, Namdev Dhasal, M.M. Deshmukh,P. L. Deshpande, Kusumagraj, Prahlad Keshav Atre, and Vyankatesh Madgulkar.
Many books are published every year in Marathi.
The theater, movies, and television in Maharashtra are mostly made in Mumbai, and the actors in each area (like television) can work in the others.
Some important people in the movie industry are Dadasaheb Phalke, Dada Kondke, Ashok Saraf, Laxmikant Berde, Sachin Pilgaonkar, Mahesh Kothare and V. Shantaram.
Early Marathi theatre had important playwrights (people who write plays) like Kolhatkar, Khadilkar, Deval, Gadkari and Kirloskar.
They wrote musical plays called Sangeet Naatak.
The music from those plays is called Natyasangeet.
Important actors at this time were Bal Gandharva, Keshavrao Bhosle, Bhaurao Kolhatkar, and Dinanath Mangeshkar.
Some of the popular Marathi television channels are Mi Marathi and ETV Marathi.
They have many kinds of shows: soap operas, cooking, travel, political satire, and game shows.
The food of Maharashtra is different in each place.
The people in the Konkan region eat more rice and the ones near the ocean eat a lot of fish.
In eastern Maharashtra, most people eat a lot of wheat, jowar, and bajra.
Other important things people eat in Maharashtra are lentils, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, chilies, garlic, ginger, and aamras.
Many people also eat chicken and mutton.
In the past, women wore a long sari and men wore a dhoti or pajama with a shirt.
Today, women in the cities often wear other clothes like Salwar kameez (dresses from the Punjab), and men in the cities wear trousers and a shirt.
Cricket is very popular in Maharashtra.
Many people play it and many others watch it.
Kabaddi is also popular.
Children play Viti-Dandu and Pakada-pakadi (Tag).
Hindus in Maharashtra follow the Saka era calendar.
Gudi Padwa, Diwali, Rangapanchami, Gokulashtami, and Ganeshotsav are some of the festivals that are celebrated in Maharashtra.
Ganeshotsav is the biggest festival.
The Hindus celebrate it with reverence and festivity in Maharashtra and it has also become popular in other parts of India.
The festival which lasts ten days is in honor of Ganesha, the Hindu god of learning and knowledge.
Provincial symbols of Maharashtra
National parks
Chandoli National Park (2004), Chandoli National Park is natural World Heritage Site and 317.67 km² National Park spread overSatara, Kolhapur and Sangli District, Maharashtra state, India, established in May 2004.
Earlier it was a Wildlife Sanctuary declared in 1985
Gugamal National Park (1975), has an area of 1673.93 square kilometers.
Built in 1974, this park is located in Chikhaldara and Dharni Tehsils of Amravati District, Maharashtra, India.
It is part of Melghat Tiger Reserve.
Navegoan National park (1975), Navegaon National Park is a national park located in the Gondia district of Maharashtra, India.
Navegaon, a popular forest resort in the Vidarbha region, the easternmost part of Maharashtra, was built in the 18th century
Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli) National Park (1983), Sanjay Gandhi National Park, formerly Borivali National Park, is a large protected area in the northern part of Mumbai city in Maharashtra State in India.
Address: Mumbai, Maharashtra 400101  Area: 103.8 km²
Todoba National Park (1955), Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra state in central India.
It is notable as Maharashtra's oldest and largest national park.
It is one of India's 50 "Project Tiger" - tiger reserves.
Address: Chandrapur, Maharashtra 442401  Area: 625.4 km²
Maharashtra -Citizendium
Randolph Peter Best or Pete Best (born Randolph Peter Scanland; 24 November 1941) was The Beatles's original drummer.
He was born on 24 November 1941 in Madras, India to an Indian mother and an English father.
His mother, Mona, later owned the Casbah Club in Liverpool, where The Beatles would sometimes perform.
Best was drummer for the group from 1960 until 16 August 1962, when the band and their new manager, Brian Epstein, fired him and replaced him with Ringo Starr.
The reason was because when the band auditioned for EMI, record producer George Martin was not satisfied with Best's drum skills, and planned to replace him on their recordings.
Best was devastated, and tried to form other bands with little success.
He attempted suicide in 1965.
He went on to work as a civil servant.
In 1995, when The Beatles released their Anthology albums, which featured Best on some recordings, he received a large sum of money from the sales.
He also found a new career, appearing at Beatles-related events such as conventions, where he sometimes played drums, with more skill than he showed in earlier days.
People from Chennai
The Dionne Quintuplets were the first quintuplets (five babies born at the same time from the same mother) to survive after being born.
They were born in Ontario, Canada on May 28, 1934 to Elzire and Oliva Dionne.
Emilie (died on August 6, 1954 from an epilepsy seizure)
Marie  (died on February 27, 1970 from a blood clot in the brain)
Yvonne (died on June 23, 2001 from cancer)
The babies were delivered by Dr. Allan Roy Dafoe, who later was given custody of the girls by the Canadian government and the Ontario government housed them in a special theme park-like area, just across the street from the house their parents and 6 other siblings lived in.
At one time 6,000 people visited Quintland each day to see the sisters, they also had dolls made out of them, and appeared in commercials for products like corn syrup and Quaker oats like oatmeal.
Then in 1943, the girls' father, Oliva, finally got custody of them again and the girls moved back to live with their real family.
Dr. Dafone died soon after that.
The girls later claimed their father abused them.
In 1998 the surviving sisters sued the government of Ontario for being exploited as kids and were rewarded 4 million Canadian dollars.
People from Ontario
All's Well That Ends Well is a play by William Shakespeare.
It is a comedy.
It was based on a story in Boccaccio's Decameron.
The date All's Well was written is uncertain, but it was probably written between 1600 and 1603.
It was probably first performed about 1602-1603, and probably first printed in the First Folio of 1623.
The play is about Helena's love for the unresponsive Bertram.
Cigarette (British slang)
Faggot (slang), a slang term for a homosexual man
Fag, a term in schools like Eton College, for a younger boy who acts as the servant of an older boy.
In Christianity, the Christ (; ) is a title for the savior and redeemer who would bring salvation to the Jewish people and mankind.
Christ is the Greek translation of the Hebrew title Messiah (; anointed one), the figure promised by God to the Jewish people and mankind for the salvation of the world.
Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth is the Jewish Messiah called Christ of the Christian Old Testament and fulfilled the messianic prophecies of Christian tradition.
Christ, used by Christians both as a name and as a title, is synonymous with Jesus.
Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English actor.
He is from Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire.
Bale is best known for playing Batman in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy.
He began in a movie of Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun.
He also played in American Psycho and The Machinist.
In 2010, Bale won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for his performance in The Fighter.
He played Dick Cheney in the biopic movie Vice, and won another Golden Globe Award.
He is married to Sandra Blažić since 2000 and they have two children together.
Eric Patrick Clapton  (born 30 March 1945, in The Green, Ripley, Surrey, England) is an English guitarist, singer and composer.
Clapton is the son of a sixteen-year-old, Patricia Clapton, and Edward Fryer, a Canadian soldier stationed in England.
Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 2 on its list of Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2003.
Eric Patrick Clapton was born in Ripley, Surrey, England on March 30, 1945.
Clapton's father, who already had a wife, returned to Canada after World War II.
His mother, was not able to bear the shame of raising an illegitimate child (a child of unmarried parents) in post-war Britain.
She left Clapton with his grandparents Jack and Rose Clapp (Clapton by her first marriage) and moved to Germany where she married another Canadian soldier.
Clapton was raised believing his mother was his sister.
His grandmother did not tell him the truth until he was nine years old.
A polite and well-behaved boy, the young Clapton was an above-average student, though in 1956 he failed the eleven-plus and went to St. Bedes Secondary Modern School.
Two years later however, he passed the review and went to 13-plus on the strength of his art accomplishment and got a scholarship to a school in Tolworth, near Surbiton.
He liked art very much.
He wanted to learn to play the guitar after watching Jerry Lee Lewis on television.
Clapton's obsession with playing blues music caused him to be expelled from Kingston College of Art because he was playing the guitar in class.
Working as a labourer to pay his way, Clapton spent most of his free time playing his electric guitar.
Eventually he joined a local band, The Roosters.
He later joined Casey Jones And The Engineers with fellow band member Tom McGuiness.
In 1963, Clapton was asked to join The Yardbirds.
It was in the Yardbirds that he earned his nickname of 'Slowhand'.
The name came from his forceful string-bending that often caused broken guitar strings.
He would replace the strings on stage while the crowd slowly clapped their hands.
After about 18 months with the Yardbirds, musical differences led Clapton to move on to John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, where his talent grew even more.
It was at this part in his career that Eric's fans started using the phrase Clapton is God.
In mid-1966 he left the Bluesbreakers, whose members had grown to include Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page.
The band he formed with bassist Jack Bruce and drummer Ginger Baker would become Eric's best-known band, and rock's first-ever supergroup, Cream.
Cream became the "pre-eminent (best) rock trio of the Sixties"; the name came from its members being among the top session musicians in England.
They played both their own songs ("Strange Brew", "Sunshine Of Your Love", "White Room") and cover versions of other people's songs ("I'm So Glad").
Like his contemporary Jimi Hendrix, Clapton helped to pioneer the use of the wah-wah pedal.
He played a famous guitar called The Fool.
He also developed what he called the "woman tone" on his guitar and used it to great effect.
For instance, at one point during the song "Tales of Brave Ulysses", he combines the woman tone with feedback (overdriven amplifier) to create a unique sound.
Clapton became friends with Beatle George Harrison, who asked him to play guitar on "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", for 1968's "White Album".
Clapton also played on John Lennon's "Yer Blues", in a filmed performance.
While Cream were popular and had several hit records, problems between Baker and Bruce, and the increasing drug use of all three caused tensions that eventually broke the band up in 1969.
George Harrison teamed with Clapton, to write and record "Badge" for Cream's final album.
Clapton played again with John Lennon and his new wife Yoko Ono, as a member of the Plastic Ono Band.
He appeared with them onstage in Toronto that September, and played guitar on "Cold Turkey", Lennon's song about heroin addiction.
At that time, the Beatles were getting ready to break up.
Lennon thought about asking Clapton to join his and Ono's new band, but decided not to have a permanent lineup.
Clapton and Baker joined with Rick Grech and Steve Winwood to form Blind Faith.
Blind Faith lasted only a few months, and released one album.
After Blind Faith broke up, Clapton formed another band, called Derek and the Dominos.
Their most popular song was "Layla".
He performed a concert at the Rainbow Theatre in London on 13 January 1973, thanks to his friend Pete Townshend of The Who.
He started work on a new album, 461 Ocean Blvd, which was released July 1974.
The inspiration for "Layla" was fashion model Pattie Boyd.
She was married to Clapton's friend, George Harrison.
Clapton was in love with Boyd.
He was not happy because he could not be with her because she was married to his friend.
In time, Boyd and Harrison grew apart, and Clapton and Boyd got together.
They married in May 1979.
All three remained friends, and Clapton and Harrison called themselves "husbands-in-law", though for some years afterwards, the friendship between them was understandably strained.
Clapton and Boyd were divorced in 1989, after they also grew apart.
Following the death of his four-year-old son Conor, who fell from a window of a 53rd-floor New York apartment owned by his mother's friend on March 20 1991, Clapton arrived at the apartment shortly after the accident.
Clapton's grief was expressed in the song "Tears in Heaven", which was featured on his Unplugged album and for the 1991 Rush film soundtrack.
The song was Clapton's best-selling single in the United States and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100.
It won three Grammy Awards for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male, Song of the Year, and Record of the Year.
In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked "Tears in Heaven" 362nd on the magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
Along with his drug problems, Clapton had trouble with alcohol, sometimes drinking a whole bottle or more of liquor in a day.
In the 1990s, he was finally able to stop drinking alcohol.
He also found out more about his father, who had died, and about a half-brother (by his mother) he had never met, who was mentally challenged and lived in a hospital.
Bands with Eric Clapton
The Roosters
Casey Jones & the Engineers
John Mayall's Bluesbreakers
Derek and the Dominoes
Eric Clapton at The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Blues guitarists
English rock composers
English rock guitarists
Musicians from Surrey
Singers from Surrey
Buenos Aires city is also known as Capital Federal to differentiate the city from the Buenos Aires Province.
Buenos Aires has a population of 3,040,000 inhabitants.
Spanish is the main language, but English is widely spoken and understood well.
Italian is also widespread.
Buenos Aires has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa).
The average temperature is 17 °C.
During the 20th century the temperature went up because of the urbanization.
Rainfall is 1222.6 mm.
per year.
Winters are mild, the highest medium temperature is 13.7 °C during this season.
Temperature rarely reaches 0 °C or below.
Fog is frequent.
Snow is extremely rare, and falls once or twice in a century.
Buenos Aires is divided into 48 neighborhoods.
Most populated areas are:
Palermo: Located in the northeast of the city, it also is the largest neighborhood in Buenos Aires.
Some parts of Palermo are highly touristic: Bosques de Palermo (Palermo Woods), Palermo Soho, Palermo Hollywood
Caballito: This mostly residential neighborhood is located in the geographical centre of the city.
Recoleta: Recoleta is one of the most wealthy neighborhoods in Buenos Aires.
Recoleta Cemetery is located there.
Buenos Aires is the most visited city in South America.
The most touristic areas are the historical center, Palermo, Recoleta and San Telmo.
Historical Center / Plaza de Mayo: It is the historical place of the foundation of the city.
On Plaza de Mayo, many interesting buildings can be found : Cabildo (where the colonial government was), Cathedral, Casa Rosada (current Government Palace).
San Telmo is one of the most ancient neighborhoods in Buenos Aires.
It used to be a very expensive area.
But in the 18th Century, an epidemic made people move to Recoleta area, farther from the river.
Recoleta: In this neighborhood, there are many beautiful Palaces from the 19th Century.
Tourists also visit Recoleta Cemetery where many political figures are buried.
One famous person buried in Recoleta Cemetery is political woman Eva Perón.
Palermo: Palermo is divided in several sub-areas.
Palermo Soho is full of designers and clothing shops.
Palermo Hollywood is the gastronomical heart of Buenos Aires.
Boedo: Classical and very interesting tango and literature historical district.
A remarkable episode in the Argentine literature's history is the social and literary dialogue between the Florida Group, named this way because its members used to meet up at the Richmond Cafeteria at Florida street and publish their work in the Martin Fierro magazine, like Jorge Luis Borges,  Leopoldo Marechal, Antonio Berni (artist), among others, versus the Boedo Group of Roberto Arlt, Manzi and other writers and artists.
They used to meet together at the Japanese Cafe  and published their works with the Editorial Claridad, with both the cafe and the publisher located at the Boedo Avenue.
Google Maps Satellite city View
Palo Santo Buenos Aires Guide
Buenos Aires Travel Guide
english.buenosaires.com - Tourism Portal
Official Tourism Website (English, Spanish, Portuguese and guides in ten different languages including Chinese, Japanese, French, German, Italian, etc.)
The Buenos Aires Herald Online edition of a local English language newspaper
Infobae
Clarín
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often called by his initials LBJ, was an American politician.
He was the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969.
Before becoming president, he was the 37th vice president of the United States from 1961 to 1963.
He became president when President John F. Kennedy was killed in November 1963.
He was also a U.S. representative, U.S. senator, and the Senate's Majority Leader.
Johnson was born in Stonewall, Texas.
Before he became a politician, he was a high school teacher.
In 1937, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.
In 1948, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, then became its majority leader in 1954.
In 1960, he ran for president, but did not win the Democratic nomination.
He was then chosen to become the running mate of Senator John F. Kennedy, and the Kennedy-Johnson ticket won.
On November 22, 1963, President Kennedy was killed in Dallas, Texas.
Johnson then became the next president of the United States.
In 1964, Johnson was elected president, defeating his opponent, Senator Barry Goldwater, in a landslide.
He received 61.1% of the popular vote.
As president, Johnson created the Great Society.
It was a series of programs created to help the American people.
They involved expanding civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, aid to education and the arts, urban and rural development, and public services.
He passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
His personal beliefs on the issue of civil rights, however, put him against other white, southern Democrats.
He also wanted to make poor Americans' lives better by launching the "War on Poverty."
He continued President Kennedy's space program, expanding the Apollo program.
He also enacted the Higher Education Act of 1965, creating federal student loans.
Johnson also signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which was the basis for U.S. immigration policy today.
In foreign policy, Johnson's presidency prioritized stopping the expansion of Marxist-Leninist governments.
In 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
This made the U.S. become more involved in the Vietnam War.
More American soldiers were being sent to Vietnam, and as the war continued, American deaths went up along with deaths of Vietnamese civilians.
In 1968, the Tet Offensive happened, which made the public start to dislike the war.
Many people wanted the U.S. military to no longer be in Vietnam.
During his presidency the American political landscape changed a lot, as white southerners who supported the Democrats started to support the Republican Party and African-Americans began supporting the Democratic Party.
Because of his domestic agenda, Johnson's presidency marked the peak of modern liberalism in the United States.
Although Johnson started his presidency popular, he lost popularity due to the Vietnam War and ongoing social unrest.
In the 1968 presidential election, he ended his run for another term as president after he did not do well in the New Hampshire primary.
The election was eventually won by Republican candidate Richard Nixon.
Johnson returned to his Texas ranch and remained private until he died of a heart attack in 1973.
Historians and scholars rank Johnson very well because of his domestic policies which progressed civil rights, health care, and welfare.
However, he receives strong criticism for his role in escalating the Vietnam War, which resulted in the deaths of 58,220 American service members, dropping over 7.5 million tons of explosives over Vietnam, and the use of the noxious herbicide Agent Orange.
Johnson was born in Texas.
His father was a politician who had worked for the Texas state government.
As a young adult, he was a teacher.
He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1937, then to the Senate in 1948.
He won the Senate election by just 87 votes.
In the Senate, Johnson very quickly became powerful and in 1955 became leader of the Senate and was the youngest to have ever held that position.
He started great programs for the public.
It helped that he knew the other Senators well and could often persuade them to support his ideas.
In 1960, he ran for President, but during the contest to see who the Democrats would support, he lost to John F. Kennedy.
Johnson was then selected by Kennedy as the candidate Vice President.
Kennedy narrowly won the election and Johnson became Vice President.
Like most vice presidents, Johnson did not like the job.
It gave him too little power.
Lyndon B. Johnson was well known as someone who could persuade other lawmakers in Congress to pass laws.
To gain more support for his ideas, he often arm-twisted other politicians (meaning he would threaten them if they didn't agree with him).
Presidency, 1963–69
Johnson took over as President after Kennedy was assassinated.
He finished Kennedy's term as president then in 1964 he ran for re-election and won easily against Barry Goldwater.
Johnson won 61.1% of the vote.
This is the highest percentage of the vote ever won by someone running for President since 1820.
Johnson began a "war on poverty".
He created the Great Society (a series of government programs intended to improve the living standards of the country).
These programs include public broadcasting, protecting the environment, Medicare (health care for the elderly), Medicaid ([health care for the poor).
He supported civil rights for African Americans and continued where Kennedy left off in giving them freedom.
The Voting Rights Act in 1965 gave the government powers to stop them from being denied the right to vote.
Compared to Kennedy's weak relationship with Congress, Johnson was able to convince politicians to support some of the same policies which they opposed under Kennedy.
At the same time, Johnson increased the United States' involvement in the Vietnam War.
Johnson increased the number of soldiers in Vietnam from 16,000 to 500,000 in order to stop the Viet Cong (the Communist rebels in South Vietnam).
As the years passed, Johnson became more and more unpopular as the war kept on going without an end in sight.
By 1968, almost 1000 American soldiers were being killed in Vietnam every month and the enemy still had not been defeated.
In March 1968, Johnson said he would not run for re-election.
Post-presidency, 1969–73
Johnson's time as president ended on January 20, 1969.
He went back to Texas to live on his ranch in Stonewall.
He began smoking cigarettes again for the first time since 1955, and his health quickly declined.
He began suffering heart attacks which later resulted in his death.
Death, funeral and legacy
Johnson died at his ranch on January 22, 1973, at age 64 after having a heart attack.
Johnson had a state funeral, and the final services took place on January 25.
The funeral took place at the National City Christian Church in Washington, D.C.
Despite the disaster in Vietnam, Johnson is still thought of as being a good president by historians because of what he achieved with civil rights.
In 1973, the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston was renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
Lyndon B. Johnson's White House biography
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Texas
Minority leaders of the United States Senate
Majority leaders of the United States Senate
United States senators from Texas
The Catholic Church is the largest Christian church in the world.
It has over one billion members, and is the world's largest religious group.
Its members believe that Jesus Christ started the Catholic Church 2,000 years ago.
The Church’s headquarters are in the Vatican City.
The word "catholic" comes from the Greek word "katholicos", which means "universal."
That word was first used in the Nicene Creed.
Often, the word "Roman" is added before “Catholic” because Vatican City, where the Church has its headquarters, is a country inside of Rome, Italy.
Members of the Catholic Church call themselves Catholics.
Almost half of all Catholics are in Latin America.
The continent with the second-largest number of Catholics is Europe.
Millions of Catholics live in other places all over the world.
The Catholic Church is led by the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, who lives in Vatican City.
According to Catholics, the Church is guided by the Holy Spirit, who also guides the Pope.
The Church teaches that the Pope cannot be wrong when he when speaks officially on the subject of Catholic faith and morals.
The Popes have only used this infallibility very rarely, but have done so throughout history.
Examples include the Tome of St. Leo, the declaration of the Immaculate Conception, and various anathemas (religious condemnations issued by the Popes against certain heresies).
The Catholic Church teaches that the first Pope was Saint Peter, who was a disciple of Jesus Christ.
The current pope is Pope Francis.
Faith and morals
Like other Christians, Catholics believe Jesus is a divine person, the Son of God.
They believe that because of his love for all people, he died so that all people will live forever in heaven.
The Pope
The leader of the Roman Catholic Church is called the Pope, which literally means "father".
Catholics say Jesus Christ established the Catholic Church, and appointed the first Pope, a disciple of his named Saint Peter, to lead all Christians.
Over the last 2,000 years, different Popes have led the church.
The current Pope is the 266th and is called Francis and he lives in the Vatican City, a very small country inside the city of Rome, Italy.
For centuries, Popes have not used their birth names, but instead use a regnal name.
This custom started in the sixth century when a man named Mercury was elected Pope, it was seen as inappropriate to have a Pope named after a pagan god so he named himself John II, in honor of his predecessor, John I; it became customary in the tenth century.
Since the death of Marcellus II 1555, every Pope has taken a Papal name.
The Catholic Church is made of 23 "particular churches", otherwise known as rites.
As well as being head of the Latin Rite of the church (which is the largest with over 1 billion members), the Pope is ultimately the leader of 22 Eastern Catholic Churches, these churches are of the Orthodox tradition of Christianity and it is often the case that they have broken away from their Orthodox mother church to come into communion with (join) the Pope and submit to his authority as successor of St. Peter.
The Eastern Catholic Churches are based all over the world, from the United States to the Middle East to India.
The exercise of infallibility takes several forms (see Catechism of the Catholic Church, no.
890-891, citing Lumen Gentium, 25).
One form is exercised by the Pope when speaking ex cathedra (literally, “from the chair” of St. Peter, in his authority as pope) on matters of faith or morals, even if he does so without the support of the bishops.
This is an exercise of the Extraordinary Magisterium of the Church.
While the pope has always held the power to exercise the Extraordinary Magisterium by speaking ex cathedra, the actual occurrence of an ex cathedra statement is quite rare.
It is generally understood to have only occurred twice: Pope Pius IX’s definition of the dogma of Mary’s Immaculate Conception in 1854 and Pope Pius XII’s definition of the dogma of Mary’s Assumption in 1950.
In both of these cases, the Pope was not teaching something new.
Rather, he was confirming and clarifying something that the Church had already believed as part of God’s revelation.
Worship practices
Their main ceremony is the Mass. Catholics are normally required to go to amass on Sundays and on Holy Days of Obligation.
In the United States, the Holy Days of Obligation are: Mary, Mother of God (January 1), The Assumption of Mary (August 15), The Immaculate Conception (of Mary) (December 8), The Ascension of Jesus (40 days after Easter), Christmas (December 25) and All Saints Day (November 1).
The taking of the Eucharist is the height of the Mass.
Catholics worship Jesus.
They also venerate the Virgin Mary more than other Christians, calling her the "Mother of God," based on Elizabeth's greeting, "And why is this granted me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?"
and also on the belief that all Christians hold that Jesus is fully man and fully God at the same time.
Yet, Mary, who has nothing to do with the Divine, was chosen as the human vessel God would use to enter into the world.
It is important to note that Catholics do not worship Mary.
Instead, they honor her as one honors a Queen.
This type of honor is called hyperdulia.
An important Catholic prayer is the Rosary.
This prayer is done with Rosary beads used to count each prayer.
The Rosary is made up of five decades, each decade being made up of 1 Our Father, 10 Hail Marys, and 1 Glory Be, as well as saying the Sacred Mysteries.
It is made up of passages taken from scripture.
It is recommended by the clergy to continue the very old practice of praying the Rosary daily, as it has not only many powerful requests but is made up of words taken directly from scripture, like the Lord's Prayer (Our Father) and the Hail Mary.
The Rosary is not complete unless one thinks about the passion of Christ while praying out loud.
In addition, the clergy (bishops, priests, and deacons) must pray the Divine Office.
The Catholic Church celebrates seven sacraments.
A sacrament is "an outward sign instituted (started) by Christ to give grace" (a supernatural gift of God that someone did nothing to deserve).
The seven sacraments are: Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders and  Holy Matrimony (marriage).
The Holy Eucharist is the most important of the sacraments, because Catholics believe that Jesus Christ becomes truly present in the form of bread and wine.
This happens through transubstantiation which takes place in the Mass.
Catholics believe in the necessity of love, hope and faith in order to gain salvation, but that these all come from grace.
This is different from the 16th century interpretation created by Luther.
Catholics interpret the Bible (God-given book) according to Tradition.
Tradition is the transmission of the early church's life and teaching, as especially recorded in the writings of the Fathers of the Church who lived in the first centuries.
At that time the holy books where accepted in the Bible, which is the collection of the books considered revealed.
A basic rule for Catholics is that "Truth cannot contradict truth".
They translate the Bible with this in mind.
No interpretation can be accepted if it contradicts another revealed truth.
Catholics, like many Christians, accept the Nicene Creed, a combination of the Council of Nicaea (AD 325) and the later Council of Constantinople (AD 382) as true.
It is as follows:
"I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.
I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father.
Through Him all things were made.
For us men and our salvation He came down from heaven: and, by the Holy Spirit, was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man.
For our sake, He was crucified under Pontius Pilate; He suffered death and was buried and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures: He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and His kingdom will have no end.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, Who, with the Father and the Son, is adored and glorified, Who has spoken through the Prophets.
I believe in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church.
I confess one baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.
Eastern Orthodox and Protestants believe many of the same things.
They sometime disagree on the role of the Virgin Mary and other saints, on what a priest can do, and on how exactly God should be worshipped, among other things.
Necessity of baptism
Villeneuve-d'Ascq (which means New city of Ascq in French) is one of the main cities of the metropolis of Lille, in France.
It is between Lille and Roubaix, at the crossroads of the principal freeways towards Paris, Ghent, Antwerp and Brussels,
Its site was selected in the 1960s to accommodate the new town of Lille-Est.
It was made to channel the development of the agglomeration.
The commune of Villeneuve-d'Ascq was created in 1970 by combining three communes (Ascq, Annapes and Flers).
Its name evokes at the same time the new city and the memory of Ascq, martyr city of April 1, 1944, date on which the Nazis massacred 86 men.
Communes in Nord
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician.
She was the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013.
Clinton was the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election.
She is a former U.S. Senator, First Lady of the United States and First Lady of Arkansas.
From 2009 to 2013, she was the 67th Secretary of State, serving under President Barack Obama.
Before that, she was the junior United States Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009.
She is married to former President of the United States Bill Clinton in 1975.
When her husband was president, she had the title of First Lady of the United States.
She was a candidate in the 2008 election of a new President.
Hillary Clinton was the first former First Lady to be elected to the U.S. Senate and to hold a federal cabinet-level position.
She ran for re-election to the Senate in 2006, which she won, and was considered by many in the media and politics as having a good chance to win in the race for the Democratic Party's US presidential nomination in 2008, but she lost to Barack Obama.
In April 2015, Clinton announced that she would be running for president once again for the 2016 United States presidential election.
During the Democratic presidential primaries, Clinton faced challenges from United States senator from Vermont Bernie Sanders.
On June 6, 2016, Clinton reached the number of delegates to become the presumptive Democratic Party nominee.
She lost the election to Donald Trump on November 8, 2016.
Hillary Diane Rodham was born at Edgewater Medical Center in Chicago.
She was raised in Park Ridge, a suburb located  northwest of downtown Chicago.
Her parents were Hugh E. Rodham and Dorothy Emma Howell Rodham.
She is of Welsh, English, French and French Canadian ancestry.
Hillary grew up with two younger brothers, Hugh and Tony.