the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
But this marriage did not last long.
Hemingway was changing.
He began to feel that whatever he said was right.
Martha went on long trips to be away from him.
He drank heavily to forget his loneliness.
When America entered World War Two, Hemingway went to Britain as a reporter.
Later he took part in the invasion of Europe and the freeing of Paris.
During the war, Hemingway met another reporter, Mary Walsh.
In 1945, when his marriage to Martha was legally over, he married Mary.
After the war, Hemingway began work on his last important book, The Old Man and the Sea.
It is the story of a Cuban fisherman who refuses to be defeated by nature.
In 1954, Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
But he was too sick to take part in the ceremony.
Ernest Hemingway was 60 years old, but he said he felt like he was 86.
Even worse, he felt that he no longer was able to write.
He seemed to be living the story about the writer who had sold his writing skill in order to make money.
In 1961, Ernest Hemingway shot himself dead.
Among the papers he left was one that described what he liked best:
"To stay in places and to leave. . .
to trust, to distrust. . .
to no longer believe and believe again. . .
to watch the changes in the seasons. . .
to be out in boats. . .
to watch the snow come, to watch it go. . .
to hear the rain. . .
And to know where I can find what I want."
Ernest Hemingway owned many cats, especially cats with extra toes.
Today these cats are sometimes called Hemingway cats in his honor.
His house in Key West, Florida is now a home for his cats and their kittens.
Ernest Hemingway, 1899-1961 part1 on VOA program "American Stories"
Ernest Hemingway, 1899-1961 part2 on VOA program "American Stories"
Military people from Chicago
People from Oak Park, Illinois
The web portal launched on August 24 1995 by Microsoft.
The site was launched at around the same time as Windows 95.
Through MSN, people can create an e-mail account using MSN Hotmail, a blog using MSN Spaces, a group using MSN Groups and plenty more.
It is now the #2 visited site in the world behind Yahoo!.
Many people have come across this site in one way or another because it is the default main page of Internet Explorer.
MSN is also the name for MSN Messenger (now called Windows Live Messenger).
It is an instant messenger, which allows people to communicate through conversations over an internet connection.
As well as conversations using text, this program also allows voice and video conversations.
You can even use small emoticons to express what you are trying to say.
Messages are sent and received very quickly from around the globe.
Its current messenger client is Windows Live Messenger.
MSN Hotmail
Hotmail is a free email service from MSN.
It started in 1995.
It was bought by Microsoft in 1997.
Microsoft Hotmail accounts are used to log in to MSN Messenger.
Hotmail.com
A reed is a piece of dry bamboo that is used in some musical instruments such as saxophones, clarinets and oboes.
The musician blows air through the mouthpiece where the reed is firmly placed, and the air makes the reed vibrate; this vibration in the mouthpiece produces sound all along the instrument, which is changed into specific musical notes depending on the physical nature of the instrument.
Musical instruments that use reeds are members of the woodwind family, because many years ago the instruments were all made of wood.
Today the instruments can be made of metal (brass, silver, gold), wood, or a hard plastic made to look like wood.
The bassoon family of instruments and the oboe family of instruments play with a double reed.
Players play through blowing air through the double reed, making the reeds vibrate.
A mouthpiece is not needed.
Musical instrument construction
January 15 – Pitcairn Islands settled by mutineers from HMS Bounty
January 23 – HMS Bounty burned and destroyed on Pitcairn Island
July 17 – Adam Smith
Nuuk (Danish: Godthaab or Godthåb) is the capital of Greenland.
It is around the mouth of island Nuup Kangerlua (Danish: "Godthåbsfjorden") on the west coast of Greenland, about 240 km (150 mi) south of the Arctic Circle.
The city has a population of 15,047 people.
It was founded in 1728 by the Norwegian missionary Hans Egede.
Egede named the city Godthåb which means Good Hope.
Today, the people of Nuuk are mainly Inuit and Danes.
National capitals in North America
Settlements in Greenland
A lumberjack is a person who cuts down trees to be made into lumber.
Lumberjacks used to cut with axes, but now lumberjacks use chainsaws.
Muhammad (; ;   – 8 June 632) was an Arab religious leader who became the founder of Islam.
People who follow the religion of Islam are called Muslims and they believe he was a messenger and a prophet of Allah (God).
Born in Mecca, Muhammad's parents died in his childhood and he grew as an orphan.
At the age of six, his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib took care of him, though he died just two years later.
In young life, Muhammad accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on trade journeys.
In 610, at the age of forty, while Muhammad was prostrating, he reportedly met Gabriel and received the first revelation of the Quran.
Initially, Muhammad preached these revelations to his close friends and family.
He started preaching monotheism publicly where he received opposition from the Meccan polytheists.
The polytheists boycotted Muhammad for three years, in which Muhammad could barely eat or drink.
He was attacked with stones, ridiculed while praying, and eventually forced to leave his hometown Mecca.
While Muhammad was migrating towards Medina, he came across Taif and preached there where polytheists threw stones, causing Muhammad to bleed and almost collapse.
After reaching Medina with Abu Bakr, the Medinan Muslims helped Muhammad and made a mosque there.
He is believed to be a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham, and the last of all prophets (the seal of the prophets).
He is seen as an example for all Muslims to follow.
Muhammad was born about 570 AD in Mecca.
His father, whose name was Abdullah, died six months before Muhammad's birth.
His mother, Amina, died when he was six years old.
So, his grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib, took care of him after the death of Amina but he too died two years later when Muhammad was nine.
After his grandfather's death, his uncle Abu Talib took care of him and was a support to him for many years of his adult life.
Beginning of the prophethood
In 610 AD, when Muhammad was forty years old, he went for a walk to the mountain of Hira near Mecca.
According to Muslims, the angel Jibrail (Gabriel) spoke with him in a cave on the mountain.
The story says that when Muhammad first saw the angel Gabriel, he fainted because Gabriel was so large.
This is what Jibrail said to Muhammad:
Muhammad went back home to his wife Khadijah and told her what had happened.
New revelations came to him commanding him to preach what was being sent down from God.
When Muhammad first started teaching, many of the people of Mecca, who worshipped idols, did not like the things that Muhammad said.
But there were also people who listened to his preaching and obeyed his messages.
These people were the first of the followers of Islam.
Leaders of Mecca punished and tortured the followers of Islam.
Some followers of Islam were executed.
Muhammad resisted this and continued to teach Islam.
The Hijrah
After Muhammad finished in Mecca, he took his message to Medina, where some people learned about him and his followers.
They welcomed him into their city, and Muhammad wanted them to convert to Islam.
They agreed, and many of his followers went to Medina.
This movement from Mecca to Medina is called the Hijrah.
The Hijra was also the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
Muhammad stayed behind until all of his people left Mecca safely.
As Muhammad stayed in Mecca, his uncle Abu Lahab trained seven men to kill Muhammad in his sleep.
According to history, they did not see him leave Mecca.
The men went into his house and found his cousin, Ali.
Abu Lahab and his horsemen went to the desert to look for him and his friend, Abu Bakr.
His stay in Medina
Muhammad and Abu Bakr arrived in Medina.
Some people welcomed Muhammad to their homes.
He used his camel to show everyone where he would build his house.
Also, the first mosque of Medina, a small place for prayer, was built in the back of this house.
The people in a strong Jewish tribe in Medina disagreed with the teachings and rules set by Muhammad.
This tribe told their allies in Mecca to sell all the things and homes that Muslims of Mecca left behind.
The Muslims and those from Mecca were advised to fight for their property.
Muhammad told them not to do that.
Muslims were called all over Medina to gather at a mosque that Muhammad prayed in.
They were told to fight against the people of Mecca who burned down their homes and stole their property.
The wars
The Quraysh pagans of Mecca heard about this, and they sent a larger army numbering 1000 warriors to fight the Muslims.
They met in Badr, but the pagans were defeated and Abu Jahl, one of the pagan leaders, was also killed.
But, the Muslims lost the second battle at Uhud.
One year after the fight at Badr, the army of Mecca had outside help.
Muslim archers failed to listen to Muhammad's instructions and Khalid ibn al-Walid cleverly took advantage of that.
Hamza, Muhammad's last uncle, was killed when a slave from Mecca threw a spear into his chest.
Muhammad himself was injured.
Then in 627, Abu Sufyan led the Quraysh and its allies to attack Medina itself.
However, they could not pass the trench that the Muslims had dug around Medina.
After several weeks, the coalition broke up and went home.
The Medinians were considered victors.
The truce with Mecca
After the pagans of Mecca failed to gain control of Medina, the Muslims became stronger.
The pagans then decided to sign a truce with the Muslims.
This means that they would not fight each other for ten years.
The Muslims used this as a chance to talk to other people all over Arabia.
In three years, many people changed their religions to Islam.
But, this truce did not last for long.
After three years of it, a small group of horsemen from Mecca attacked a Muslim camp and killed a few of them.
The Muslims in Medina heard of this, and the truce was canceled.
Abu Sufyan, the third leader of Mecca in Muhammad's lifetime, tried to resume the truce, but Muhammad politely refused the offer.
Muhammad told his followers to be ready to capture Mecca.
After Mecca was captured, they went on to capture the Torkan.
The capture of Mecca
In 630, most people in Arabia had become Muslims, and they became part of Muhammad's large army to capture Mecca.
Because of the big size of the army, the people of Mecca were afraid to fight back.
Abu Sufyan, who was feeling unhappy over the broken truce, went to Muhammad's camp outside Mecca to ask for forgiveness.
Muhammad did not say that he would forgive him, so he returned home.
While he was with Muhammad, he changed his religion to Islam by saying the Testimony (ash-Ashaada):
The next day, the Muslim army walked towards Mecca.
Everyone ran to their homes and closed all doors and windows.
They were afraid that the Muslims were going to kill them, because of the bad things they did to the Muslims many years ago.
But, the Muslims went towards the Ka'aba, believed to be built by Abraham and his elder son, Ishmael.
Bilal ibn Ribah, a former Ethiopian slave, shouted out loud to the people of Mecca that they were all safe: "All those who lay down arms are safe.
All those in the house of Abu Sufyan are safe.
All those behind closed doors are safe."
Abu Sufyan heard this in his home.
From this, he learns that Muhammad forgave him.
At that time, Muhammad and his followers removed and broke all idols from the Kaaba.
The idols were statues that were worshiped as gods.
Muhammad forgave all citizens of Mecca.
In the end, Bilal climbed to the top of the Kaaba and called for prayer.
This was Muhammad's victory in spreading Islam all over Arabia.
But, because he was old, he would not live for long.
His death
In 632 AD, on June 8, Muhammad became very sick, due to poisoning by a Jewess.
Before he died, he told his followers about his death.
He is buried in the chamber of his wife Aisha in Medina, where the Masjid al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) is.
In Medina, his friend Abu Bakr went to the Masjid al-Nabawi and shouted to the people:
"If any of you worship Muhammad, you should know that Muhammad is dead.
But those of you who worship Allah(SWT) (God), let it be known that Allah(SWT) (God) is alive and cannot die."
Although Muhammad died, Islam soon spread all over the Middle East.
Then, centuries later, it continued till it reached Africa, Asia and Europe.
Islam has become one of the world's biggest and fastest-growing religions.
When Muslims say or write the name of Muhammad, they usually follow it with Peace and Blessings be upon him (Arabic: sall-Allahu `alayhi wa sallam).
For example, "Muhammad (Peace and Blessings be upon him)".
In printed matter, a calligraphic symbol is frequently used instead of printing the phrase.
Sunnis believe that Abu Bakr succeeded Muhammad.
Shias believe that Ali should have succeeded.
Images of Muhammad
Most Muslims do not make or show images of Muhammad.
The Qur'an does not state that images of Muhammad must not ever be made, but it does contain passages that forbid the creation of idols.
There are also passages against the creation of images of God in the Hadith.
Muslims, especially Sunni Muslims, believe there should be no pictures of Muhammad.
When people create images of Muhammad, some Muslims may view this as disrespectful, offensive, and emotionally injurious.
In 2005, a Danish newspaper published political cartoons of Muhammad.
More than 100 people died during the ensuing demonstrations.
Johan Galtung, a Norwegian mathematician and peace activist, tried to help both sides come together and talk about this.
According to Galtung, the attacks against Danish institutions ended after the government had invited talks.
On 7th January 2015 the Kouachi brothers, hooded and armed with Kalashnikovs, burst into the editorial meeting of the magazine Charlie Hebdo, shooting at the assembled people.
They killed cartoonists Cabu, Charb, Honoré, Tignous and Wolinski, psychoanalyst Elsa Cayat, economist Bernard Maris, proof-reader Mustapha Ourrad, police officer Frank Brinsolaro who was protecting Charb, Michel Renaud, founder of the Rendez-vous du Carnet de voyage festival invited to the meeting, and caretaker Frédéric Boisseau.
They also seriously wounded cartoonist Riss, journalists Philippe Lançon and Fabrice Nicolino, and webmaster Simon Fieschi.
As they left the building, just before killing policeman Ahmed Merabet who was lying on the pavement wounded and begging for mercy, the terrorists shouted: “We’ve avenged the prophet, Muhammad”.
In addition, the following murders have been officially linked to the Charlie Hebdo massacre: Clarissa Jean-Philippe, 27, a policewoman was killed in the suburb of Montrouge.
Four people were taken hostage at a supermarket in the east of Paris.
These were Yohan Cohen, 20, who worked at the supermarket, Philippe Braham, 45, a business manager for an IT firm, Yoav Hattab, 21, a student and the youngest supermarket victim, Francois-Michel Saada, 64, was a former pension fund manager.
Abdullah ibn Jafar reported that he heard Sayyiduna Ali saying in Kufa that Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "The best of the women of her time was Maryam, daughter of Imran, and the best of women of her time was Khadijah, daughter of Khuwaylid."
She was 40 years old when they got married.
Sawda bint Zamʿa
Aisha was a young girl.
She is described  as very intelligent with a very good memory.
Aisha spent the next nine years of her life with Muhammad, she remembered all that she saw and heard with great clarity, and reported a lot of Muhammad's narrations.
She married Muhammad when she was six years old.
Hafsa bint Umar
By marrying Hafsa, Muhammad strengthened the ties between two of his closest Companions, the two who would become the first two rightly guided khalifs after his death.
He was now married to the daughter of Abu Bakr, A'isha, and to the daughter of Umar, Hafsa.
Zaynab bint Khuzayma
She offered herself in marriage to Muhammad who accepted her proposal and married her.
Zaynab bint Khuzayma was seen by the community as very generous to orphans and the poor, later becoming known as the 'Mother of the Poor'.
She died only eight months after.
Umm Salama
Zaynab bint Jahsh
As with all the marriages of Muhammad, there was much for all the Muslims to learn from it.
This one was to show that Zayed ibn Haretha was not Muhammad's son and to demonstrate that the social level matters when it comes to marriage.
She bragged about the fact that her marriage had been arranged by Allah.
It was at this point that Muhammad changed her name from Barra to Zaynab.
Juwayriyya bint al-Harith
Muhammad was thinking of how to save her and all her tribe from danger.
By marrying Juwayriyya, the Banu Mustaliq would be able to enter Islam with honor, and with the humiliation of their recent defeat removed, so that it would no longer be felt necessary by them to embark on a war of vengeance that would have continued until one of the two parties had been annihilated.
Ramla bint Abi Sufyan
Safiyya bint Huyayy
The only person who could save her from becoming a slave after having enjoyed such a high position was Muhammad.
Although her father had planned to assassinate Muhammad after the battle of Uhud and had conspired with the Banu Qurayza to exterminate all the Muslims during the battle of al-Khandaq.
Muslims believe that this was characteristic of Muhammad, as he is believed to not have any grudges.
Maymunah bint al-Harith
Muhammad gave her the name, Maymuna, meaning "blessed", and Maymuna lived with Muhammad for just over three years, until his death.
She was said to be very good-natured and is said to have got on well with everyone and no quarrel or disagreement with any of Muhammad's other wives has been related to her.
Aisha said, "Among us, she had the most fear of Allah and did the most to maintain ties of kinship."
Maria al-Qibtiyya
Maria is said to have been honored and respected by Muhammad and his family and Companions.
She spent three years of her life with Muhammad, until his death, and died five years later.
For the last five years of her life, she remained a recluse and almost never went out except to visit the grave of Muhammad or her son's grave.
After her death, Umar ibn al Khattab led the prayer over her and she was buried in al Baqi.
Muhammad, article on Enyclopaedia Britannica Online
Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - PBS Site
Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - UPF (Producer's Site)
570 births
632 deaths
Islamic religious leaders
The Ford Mustang is a very popular American sports car built by the Ford Motor Company beginning in 1964.
The first cars were built in Ford's Dearborn, Michigan factory on March 9 of that year and the car was first shown to the public on April 17 at the New York World's Fair.
It did not cost a lot of money, but it was still very fancy and looked like a much more expensive car.
People could order their Mustang with many options and body styles, such as a convertible, 2+2 (fastback), or coupe.
Many different engines were available, from the 170 CID six-cylinder to some of Ford's biggest and most powerful V-8 engines in later years.
This meant car buyers could have a Mustang that saved gas or a more powerful and fast car.
More than one million Mustangs were sold in only two years.
The Mustang is still being sold today and is still very popular.
It was so popular and so different when it was introduced that the Mustang and other cars from other makers which looked like the Mustang were given the name "ponycar."
The so-called "1964 1/2" Mustang was designed by Joe Oros and Dave Ash of Ford's Mercury division, was based on another Ford car, the Falcon and was proposed by Ford's president, Lee Iacocca.
The Falcon was not expensive to build and that helped Iacocca get the Mustang the approval it needed to be built.
The people who ran the Ford company did not want to take a chance on a car like that because they lost a lot of money on another car, the Edsel, just a few years back.
It set sales records and became one of the best selling cars of all time.
It would remain mostly the same until 1966.
So popular was the Mustang that three Ford assembly plants worked to build it.
Not only was the Mustang built in Dearborn, but in Metuchen, New Jersey and San Jose, California as well.
The very first Mustang built to be sold to the public was a white convertible with a black interior and a V-8 engine.
It was purchased by a pilot from Newfoundland.
Ford offered the one millionth Mustang to the owner in exchange for the first one.
That first Mustang, serial number 5F08F100001, is still on display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn.
Its second bodystyle came out in 1967, its third in 1969 and its fourth in 1971.
Bigger, more powerful engines were offered starting in 1967, making some Mustangs into musclecars.
Some of those special Mustangs had special names such as Mustang GT, Mach 1, Boss 302, Boss 351, Boss 429 and 429 SCJ, or "Super Cobra Jet."
By 1971, the Mustang had become a much larger car.
The car grew in size so that Ford could put its biggest engines in it, but insurance companies were charging very high prices to insure powerful cars and sales began to drop.
Many people missed the original, smaller Mustang.
A new second generation Mustang came out in 1974 called Mustang II and was based on the Ford Pinto, although far less than the original car had been based on the Falcon.
This new car was almost the same size as the original car, but emissions controls and the Arab oil embargo meant that the Mustang II was not a very powerful car.
1974 was not only the first time Ford had built a car which looked like an older model, it was also the first American car to be built on the metric system.
The short, low hood meant that neither the inline six-cylinder engine nor V-8 would fit, so engine choices were changed to a 2.3 liter four-cylinder engine built by Ford in Brazil and a more expensive V-6 engine built by Ford in Germany.
A 5.0 liter V-8 engine was offered in 1975 which meant that Ford engineers had to redesign much of the car to make it fit.
No matter which engine was used, the Mustang II was a heavier car than the 1964-66 model.
The Mustang II helped keep the ponycar alive between 1974 and 1978.
General Motors almost stopped building their popular Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird; Chrysler Corporation stopped building the Dodge Challenger and Plymouth Barracuda during that time.
General Motors stopped building the Camaro in 2002, but they brought back a new version in 2009.
Chrysler brought back a new Challenger in 2008 as well; they, like today's Mustang, are made to look like older models.
The new third generation Mustang that came out in 1979 may have been the most important Mustang ever.
One reason was the return of a powerful V-8 in 1982 which was developed in later years into an even more powerful engine.
The basic design continued all the way through the 1993 model year, with a fourth generation launching for the 1994 model year but still using the platform of the old car, but with hundreds of thousands of improvements over the years, very few parts except for some minor chassis parts stayed unchanged.
The 2005 model was the first all-new Mustang since 1979.
Because the original Mustang was and is one of the most popular cars ever, Ford made the new Mustang coupe and convertible look very much like the first Mustangs, especially the 1967 and 1968 models.
The engines of the 2005 Mustang were based on the older engines, but had more power.
The 4.0-liter V6 engine made 210 hp and the 4.6-liter V8 300 hp, which rose to 315 hp on the 2008 Bullitt.
All models were available with manual and automatic transmissions.
Both Ford and Carroll Shelby recently brought back the a new version of the very fast Shelby GT-500 Mustang in 2007.
Mr. Shelby helped create the special Shelby GT-350 and GT-500 versions of the Mustang beginning in 1965.
The 2007 Shelby GT500 had a 5.4-liter V8, which produced 500 hp.
In 2008 a KR version with 540 hp was added.
The 2010 Mustang in turn looks much like the 2005-09 model, but all the body parts except for the roof are different.
The rear turn signals of the 2005-2010 cars blink in a one-two-three sequence like the 1967-68 Mercury Cougar and 1964-66 Ford Thunderbird.
Power for the V8 rose to 315 hp.
In 2011, the Mustang received new engines, a 3.7-liter V6 base engine with 305 hp and a new 5.0-liter engine with 412 hp.
Power on the Shelby GT500 rose to 550 hp and later to 662 hp in 2013.
A Boss 302 performance version powered by a 444 hp V8 was introduced for 2012.
For 2015, a completely new Ford Mustang was introduced.
This included a 5.0 V8 engine which produced 435hp, and was really a stylish and morden look.
That was the Ford Mustang in 2015 but in 2016, Shelby decided to boost the 6th generation Mustang by creating the all new Shelby GT350R which had a 5.2 litre V8 with 526hp at 7500RPM.
This was a great increase in performance since the 2015 Mustang.
It also included many carbon fibre pieces that were put into the car to reduce its weight.
The stock rims in fact were the first ever carbon fibre rims created by NASA, a space station in the USA.
The GT350R also had a mounted carbon fibre spoiler and quad exhaust pipes.
The same Mustang will be sold in America until 2018, where Ford is rumoured to give us a brand new facelifted Mustang...
Beginning with the 2021 model year, Ford also uses the Mustang name on a new, large electric crossover model called the Mach-E.
The 2021 Mustang Mach-E is Ford's first all-electric crossover, and it was designed and named after the company's iconic pony car.
The Mach-E also pays homage to the "Mach 1" moniker that has been used on high-performance Mustangs of old.
Ford said it went with the name because it needed the electrified crossover to be as desirable as a Tesla to usher in its new era of electric vehicles.
It's expected to provide 300 miles of driving range when paired with the extended-range battery and rear-wheel drive.
Ford Mustang Reviews & Pictures
1960s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Red Hat made it public in the past and it was used by many Linux users.
The last publicly-released version was Red Hat Linux 9 in April, 2003.
Red Hat then decided to discontinue a future release of Red Hat Linux and started the paid Red Hat Enterprise Linux instead.
There are some redistributions of RHEL, though such as CentOS which are free and come without Red Hat's branding, logos etc.
due to trademark restrictions.
Around 2005, The Red Hat company released their system as Fedora Core, intended to be a test platform for new technologies.
It is now called just 'Fedora' and its present release acts as a base for the next release of RHEL.
Official homepage of Red Hat
Sacavém is a city in Portugal, near the capital Lisbon.
There is about eighteen hundred people living there.
Sacavém is on the border of the River Tagus.
It confines with the parishes of Bobadela, Camarate, Moscavide, Portela, Prior Velho and Unhos.
Cities in Portugal
A shooter is a kind of video game.
The aim of the game is to beat enemies by shooting (or otherwise killing) them.
The enemies shoot back.
Many of the oldest computer games were shooters; the first video game ever made was a shooter called Computer Space.
And one of the first games that many people played was a shooter called Space Invaders.
There are lots of different kinds of shooter.
Now many people like first-person shooters.
But there are other kinds too.
In Japan many people play shooters where the enemies fire lots of bullets.
The bullets make beautiful patterns on the screen.
This kind of shooter is called a barrage shooter, bullet hell game or a curtain fire shooter.
It is also called by the Japanese name, danmaku.
One of these games is Touhou.
Another that combines bullet hell elements with an RPG is Undertale.
is a traditional food from Japan.
The word "Sushi" comes from the Japanese word  meaning vinegar, and ", meaning rice.
Sushi is made with specially prepared rice, called .
The rice is mixed with vinegar, salt, and sugar.
Sushi is known for having raw or cooked seafood in it, but it sometimes has non-fish foods such as vegetables.
Some sushi is wrapped in a sheet of seaweed called .
Sushi is traditionally eaten by hand, but it is not wrong to eat it using chopsticks.
Gari (Japanese pickled ginger slices) must be eaten with chopsticks.
There are many different kinds of sushi.
The most common sushi in Japan is : fish meat that is placed on top of a small portion of sumeshi.
Sometimes you may find other ingredients on top of the sumeshi, such as roe (fish eggs), and sea urchin meat, instead of fish.
Another type of sushi, , consists of sumeshi rolled around fish and/or vegetables.
In the US, makizushi is more popular than nigirizushi.
Another type is known as  or a hand roll.
This kind of sushi comes in a cone-shape, created by the nori wrapped around the ingredients inside.
They are usually filled with a mixture of sumeshi, fish, and vegetables.
Sushi is eaten with your bare hands or chopsticks.
Soy sauce and wasabi are commonly eaten with sushi.
Gari (sweet, pickled ginger) can often be found alongside a plate of sushi and also a little bit of wasabi, used as a palate cleanser.
In Japan, sushi is sometimes sold in "conveyor-belt shops" called kaiten zushi (回転寿司), where plates of sushi are put on a moving belt that passes by the customers.
People freely take the sushi they want as it passes.
The color of the plate shows the price of the sushi.
This way of serving sushi is becoming more popular in other countries as well.
Sushi began when rice farming came to Japan over 2,000 years ago.
The original type of sushi was developed in the Nara Prefecture as a way of preserving fish in fermented rice.
During the Muromachi period, people would eat the rice and the fish.
During the Edo period, vinegar, not fermented rice, was used.
In more recent times, it has become a fast food associated with Japanese culture.
The origin of sushi goes back to Southeast Asia around the 4th century B.C.. At that time, it was called narezushi.
The fish was originally eaten alone, without rice.
Later on, a style of namaranarezushi reached Japan.
Namaranerezushi combined the fish with rice.
What is called sushi in modern times was created by Hanaya Yohei (1799–1858) at the End of the Edo period.
Sushi invented by Hanaya was an early form of fast food that was not fermented.
It was prepared quickly.
It could be eaten with one's hands.
This fish was originally known as Edomae zushi because it used freshly caught fish in Edo-Bay or Tokyo Bay.
The fish used in modern sushi no longer usually comes from Tokyo Bay.
By the early 1900s, sushi was being served in the United States, after many Japanese people immigrated there.
The first United States sushi shop opened up in 1906 in Little Tokyo in Los Angeles.
Sushi is traditionally eaten by hand, but it is not wrong to eat it with chopsticks.
However, when eating Gari, you must use chopsticks.
Try to fit the entire sushi into your mouth when eating.
Taking a bite and putting it back on the plate is impolite.
As with most foods, eating sushi has some health risks.
However, most can be minimized with proper preparation.
Some large fish, such as tuna (especially bluefin), can contain high levels of mercury.
Tuna can cause mercury poisoning when consumed in very large quantities over time.
Parasite infection by raw fish is not common in the modern world (less than 40 cases per year in the US).
Infections can generally be avoided by boiling, burning, preserving in salt or vinegar, or freezing to a certain temperature.
Although nigirizushi will almost always appear in a raw form, often much of the fish has been previously frozen to specific temperatures to prevent parasites.
The types and ingredients of the sushi
There are many different types of sushi.
There are also many ingredients to put in the sushi.
Types of sushi
is a type of sushi, with the ingredient placed on top of sumeshi.
It is sometimes wrapped in a thin rectangular piece of nori.
is nori wrapped around sumeshi and the ingredient.
is makizushi but it is bigger; It has more sumeshi and ingredients, and it has a bigger piece of nori wrapped around it.
, meaning "Warship Roll", is a type of makizushi, but it has sumeshi wrapped in a big piece of nori (usually bigger than the Sumeshi), with the ingredient placed on top of it.
It usually has ingredients that are easy to collapse, such as ikura or sea urchin.
It was named this because the sushi looks like a warship.
is sushi with the sumeshi and ingredients strongly pressed together, in a box.
are balls of sumeshi with the ingredient topped on top of it.
It is sometimes wrapped in a plastic wrap.
It was called this because it resembles old Japanese ball toys, called temari.
is a box or bowl of sumeshi with different ingredients on top of it.
is sumeshi stuffed inside of sweetly boiled abura-age.
It ususally does not have ingredients other than abura-age and sumeshi.
is a type of fermented sushi, with fish stuffed with salt is placed in a barrel, and doused (pour over) with salt, and then weighed down with a heavy stone.
Then it is left for 6 months, and finally it can be eaten.
Sushi in other countries
Sushi is not only eaten in Japan.
It is very popular in other countries around the Earth, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea.
Gimbap () is a South Korean sushi similar to makizushi, and it is a popular take-out food.
It is wrapped in Gim, which is nori flavored with sesame oil and salt.
is a type of sushi similar to makizushi.
Uramaki has ingredients wrapped in nori, then sumeshi wrapped around the nori.
Small ingredients like sesame and roe (fish eggs) are usually sprinkled on the rice. "
Ura" in Japanese can mean "Inside-out".
Ingredients of sushi
Naganegi
Many sushi stores give the option to put wasabi in the sushi.
Sushi with wasabi in it is called , and without wasabi is called .
Popular sushi chain stores in Japan
Seafood dishes
The Thinker () (1902) is a bronze statue.
It was made by the sculptor Auguste Rodin.
It depicts a man sitting and thinking with his arms bent on his knee and his chin on his hand.
Rodin first called the statue The Poet.
It was part of a commission by the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris to create a huge gate based on the epic poem The Divine Comedy of Dante.
Each of the statues in the piece represented one of the main characters in the poem.
The Thinker was originally meant to depict Dante himself in front of the Gates of Hell considering his great poem.
Over twenty casts of the sculpture exist.
They are now in museums around the world.
Some of those copies are enlarged versions of the original work, while others have somewhat different proportions.
The Thinker project, Munich.
Discussion of the history of the many casts of this artwork.
Nazko Cone is a small volcano in central British Columbia, Canada.
It is approximately 75 km west of the town of Quesnel.
It is in the eastern part of the Anahim Volcanic Belt.
The most recent eruption of Nazko Cone was 7200 years ago.
A series of small earthquakes occurred in the area of Nazko Cone beginning on October 10, 2007.
Most of these earthquakes were magnitude 1.0 or less; some as strong as magnitude 3.2 were centered 25 kilometers below the surface.
The cause of these earthquakes is believed to be the rising of molten magma because there are no faults or tectonic plate boundaries.
The source of this magma is from the Anahim hotspot and continues to this day.
Volcanoes of British Columbia
The Anahim Volcanic Belt is a nearly east-west line of volcanoes stretches from the west coast of British Columbia, Canada, just north of Vancouver Island, and reaches into the Interior Plateau near Quesnel.
The farther away from the coast, the younger the volcanoes tend to be.
These volcanoes are thought to have formed because of the North American continent sliding westward over the Anahim hotspot.
Volcanoes in this belt include the Rainbow, Ilgachuz, and Itcha Ranges, and the Nazko Cone, which last erupted about 7200 years ago.
Chilcotin Plateau basalts cover a large area in British Columbia.
Basaltic lava formed a volcanic plateau running parallel with the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, about 150 km from the ocean.
During the Miocene and Pliocene, a volcanic field occurred in British Columbia's Interior Plateau.
The basalt is assumed to cover up to 50,000 km2 of the Pacific Northwest.
It forms a medium-sized large igneous province, of volume 3300 km3.
Volcanism still continues from time to time.
Eruptions were most vigorous 610 million years ago (mya) and 23 mya, when most of the basalt was released.
Smaller eruptions continued from 1.6 mya to 0.01 mya.
The Garibaldi Volcanic Belt is the northern part of the Cascade Volcanic Belt.
It is in British Columbia and the northwestern United States.
Its volcanos are the most explosive in Canada.
The volcanoes are also the closest to British Columbia's densely populated southwest corner.
These volcanoes are the result of subduction of the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate: the plates meet just seaward of the west coast of Vancouver Island.
The volcanoes of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt are stratovolcanoes typical of subduction zones, and include Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley and Mount Meager.
Meager's eruption 2,350 years ago is the youngest explosive eruption in Canada.
It was similar to that of Mount St. Helens in 1980 and the ongoing eruption of Montserrat in the Caribbean.
Mount Garibaldi is an eroded, dacitic strato volcano in southwestern British Columbia.
Both Garibaldi and Mount Baker to its south are part of the Cascade volcanic arc.
Mount Garibaldi, 80 km due north of Vancouver, is made up of Mount Garibaldi, Atwell Peak,and Dalton Dome.
This Pleistocene volcanic center is part of a volcanic field that contains some 13 vents in an area 30 km long by 15 km wide, much of which is in Garibaldi Provincial Park.
The eruptive history of Mt Garibaldi involves an initial period of volcanism (200,000-300,000 years ago) followed by a period of quiescence.
Renewed activity in the last 50,000 years has rebuilt the edifice in a series of violent eruptions, like when Mount Pelee erupted in 1902 and destroyed the town of St. Pierre on the island of Martinique.
As successive pyroclastic flows travelled down the mountain's gentle slopes and were deposited, the volcano took on a broad, conical form.
Part of the volcano's southwest flank built out onto thick glacial ice filling the Squamish River valley.
Subsequent rapid melting of the ice at the close of the last ice age removed support from the western part of the cone.
The volcano collapsed,producing much of the existing rugged topography of Mount Garibaldi and Atwell Peak.
This catastrophic failure left a scarp on which is exposed the internal structure of the volcano and a debris fan with an estimated volume of 150,000,000 m at the foot of the mountain north of the town of Squamish.
As valley glaciers retreated, two lava flows erupted Clinker Peak, immediately north of Mt. Garibaldi.
The northernmost Rubble Creek flow was party confined by a wall of ice, resulting in a lava flow over 244 m (800 ft) thick.
The steep, northern edge of the Rubble Creek flow party collapsed several times, most recently in 1855-1856; the village of Garibaldi was abandoned because of the danger of future collapses.
The most recent period of activity occurred shortly after the disappearance of the glacial ice filling the valley, 10,700 to 9,300 radiocarbon years ago, and ended with the eruption the Ring Creek lava flow from Opal cone on Garibaldi's southeastern flank.
The Ring Creek flow is very unusual.
It is 15 km long - a length usually only attained by basalt flows,except that the Ring Creek flow is dacite.
Renewed volcanism in the Garibaldi area would pose a serious threat to the local communities of Whistler and Squamish.
Although no
Plinian-style eruptions are known, even Pelean-type eruptions could produce large quantities of ash that could rise to several hundred meters above the volcano.
As it is close to Vancouver, this would make it a hazard for air traffic.
The danger from lava flows would be low to moderate because the nature of the lavas would prevent them from travelling far from their source,even though the Ring Creek lava flow ends only 6 km from Squamish.
Melting of remnant glacial ice capping the Mt. Garibaldi area could produce floods, lahars,or debris flows that might endanger small communities including Brackendale.
Highway 99, which links Whistler and Squamish with Vancouver, is already plagued by landslides and dedris flows from the precipitous Coast Mountains.
An eruption producing floods could destroy segments of the highway.
Flooding and debris flows could also have serious coneequences for the salmon fishery on the Squamish, Cheakamus, and Mamquam rivers.
In addition,explosive eruptions and the accompanying ash could cause short and long-term water-supply problems for Vancouver and much of the lower mainland.
The catchment area for the Greater Vancouver watershed is downwind from the Garibaldi area.
Air-fall material could also have a deleterious effect on the ice fields to the east of Mt. Garibaldi, causing increased melting and spring flooding.
This in turn could theaten water supplies from Pitt Lake as well as fisheries on the Pitt River.
Mountains of British Columbia
Mount Meager is a potentially active volcano in the Canadian province of British Columbia, Canada, 150 kilometers north of Vancouver.
The top of the mountain is mostly covered by snow and glaciers.
It lies in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt and is the northernmost volcano of the Cascade Volcanic Arc that extends down to northern California.
Its most common type of rock is lava that is almost a million years old (with a thickness in some places over 1 km).
The mountain is part of the Pacific Ranges of mountains and is 2,680 meters (8,793 feet) high.
It was previously called Cathedral Mountain.
Meager is known for its last major eruption about 2,350 years ago.
The strange thing about the eruption was the fact it released the debris from the northeast side of the volcano, as rock and ash blocked a major river called the Lillooet River.
The river was dammed to a height of at least 100 meters, forming a lake.
The lake reached a maximum elevation of 810 meters and was at least 50 meters deep.
The breccia soon eroded from water activity within the lake, forming Keyhole Falls.
There was a massive flood when the water first broke through the breccia, carrying small house sized blocks of breccia.
During this eruption, ash was hurled into the air over 20 kilometers above sea level.
The ash was carried eastward as far as Alberta.
Volcanic hazards
Meager is an unstable volcano.
It is built of unstable volcanic and has dumped clay and rock several meters deep into the Perberton Valley at least three times during the last 7,300 years.
Two earlier debris flows, around 4,450 and 7,300 years ago, sent rubble at least 32 kilometers from the volcano.
Recently, the volcano has created smaller landslides about every ten years, including one in 1975 that killed four geologists near Meager Creek.
Logging, mining, tourism and wilderness recreation on nearby slopes and valleys are vulnerable to the volcano’s excellent geomorphic activity.
The possibility of Mount Meager covering settled parts of the Pemberton Valley in a debris flow is estimated at about one in 2400 years.
There is no sign of volcanic eruptions with these events, however scientists warn the volcano could release another massive debris flow over populated areas anytime without warning.
The explosive nature of past eruptions at Mount Meager indicates that this volcano also poses a considerable long-distance treat to communities across southern British Columbia and Alberta.
It is also a local treat to the town of Pemberton, British Columbia, about 50 km away.
Another explosive eruption at Mount Meager would also have a considerable impact on local mining and logging operations, as well as significant negative impacts on the Lillooet River fishery.
Global Volcanism Program: Meager
Volcanology of the 2350 BP Eruption of Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, British Columbia, Canada
Metaphysics is a major branch of philosophy.
It concerns existence and the nature of things that exist.
Altogether it is a theory of reality.
Ontology is the part of metaphysics which discusses what exists: the categories of being.
Apart from ontology, metaphysics concerns the nature of, and relations among, the things that exist.
The classical metaphysical idea that reality exists independently of one's mind and yet can be known is called realism.
The metaphysical idea that no mind-independent reality exists or can be known is idealism.
These are two main battlegrounds of metaphysics.
Modern Humanist Metaphysics believes that the Universe is basically psychological.
Some Quantum physicists now agree with modern metaphysics in that they hold to the major premise that everything in the Universe is made up of two things...consciousness and energy.
Not energy and matter as Newton proposed.
Under Modern Metaphysics it is believed that consciousness uses energy to create everything/anything...including all physical matter and all events.
Therefore, "All is Within"..within the mind.
By the 4th century AD in Alexandria, Egypt, alchemy was starting its transformation into chemistry.
The conventional view is that alchemy was steeped in mysticism, and that chemistry did not quite become what we would call science until it entered the 19th century.
In the early 17th century, Galileo introduced to physics his experiments with earthly objects: the dawn of empirical science in Western Europe.
Galilean laws of motion led to the overthrow of Aristotle's ideas, a revolution more or less completed by the wide acceptance of Cartesian physics, built upon Copernican and Galilean mechanics.
Newtonian physics rapidly replaced Cartesian physics.
Isaac Newton, like others that we now call scientists, was known as a natural philosopher.
In the 1830s, Auguste Comte created positivism, the first modern philosophy of science.
It sought the divorce of science from religion and metaphysics.
In 1847, Hermann von Helmholtz's paper "On the conservation of energy", stated the first law of thermodynamics, and tried to reduce physiology to physics.
In 1859, Darwin proposed an explanation of evolution by natural selection.
Both seemed plausible and compatible with physical theory.
By the 1860s, the term science (as meaning something distinct from philosophy) entered the dictionary.
Today the term metaphysics usually refers to discussion of aspects of reality which are beyond physics.
Particularly among those seeking to be scientific, the term metaphysics can be pejorative to varying degrees, as the term may rely on supernatural explanations of reality, which are not yet scientifically validated.
Metaphysics -Citizendium
Washington is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
It is north of Oregon, west of Idaho, east of the Pacific Ocean, and south of British Columbia. (
British Columbia is part of Canada.)
There are more than 7,000,000 people in Washington.
Most live in the western part of Washington, which gets more rain.
About a quarter of the people live in the east part, where it gets less rain, and some parts have a desert climate.
The largest city on the east part is Spokane, and it is also the second biggest city in the state.
The Cascade Mountains go down the middle of the state and break it into two sides.
The state's nickname is the "Evergreen State" because it has a lot of pine trees.
Washington was the 42nd state to join the United States, on November 11, 1889.
It is often called "Washington State" so that it does not get confused with the nation's capital, Washington, D.C. The name "Washington" comes from President George Washington.
The capital of Washington is Olympia.
Olympia is a small city on the west side of Washington, at the south end of the Puget Sound.
Washington's biggest city is Seattle, Seattle is also on the Puget Sound.
Washington has many beautiful forests, rivers, gorges (gorges are small canyons), and mountains.
Because it is next to the ocean, it has a long beach.
However, because Washington is north of Oregon and California (the other two states on the West Coast of the United States), the ocean is cold, and usually not good to swim in.