the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Crecchio
Dogliola
Fara Filiorum Petri
Fara San Martino
Filetto
Fossacesia
Fraine
Fresagrandinaria
Frisa
Furci
Gamberale
Gessopalena
Gissi
Giuliano Teatino
Guardiagrele
Guilmi
Lama dei Peligni
Lanciano
Lentella
Lettopalena
Liscia
Miglianico
Montazzoli
Montebello sul Sangro
Monteferrante
Montelapiano
Montenerodomo
Monteodorisio
Mozzagrogna
Orsogna
Paglieta
Palena
Palmoli
Palombaro
Pennadomo
Pennapiedimonte
Perano
Pietraferrazzana
Pizzoferrato
Poggiofiorito
Pollutri
Pretoro
Quadri
Rapino
Ripa Teatina
Rocca San Giovanni
Roccamontepiano
Roccascalegna
Roccaspinalveti
Roio del Sangro
Rosello
San Buono
San Giovanni Lipioni
San Giovanni Teatino
San Martino sulla Marrucina
San # Salvo
San Vito Chietino
Sant'Eusanio del Sangro
Santa Maria Imbaro
Scerni
Schiavi di Abruzzo
Taranta Peligna
Tollo
Torino di Sangro
Tornareccio
Torrebruna
Torrevecchia Teatina
Treglio
Tufillo
Villa Santa Maria
Villalfonsina
The largest comune is Atessa, with  and the smallest is Pietraferrazzana, with .
Two comuni have less than 100 inhabitantsː Montebello sul Sangro with 92 inhabitants, and Montelapiano with 83 inhabitants.
Province of Chieti official website
The province of Teramo () is a province in the Abruzzo region of Central Italy.
Its capital is the city of Teramo, and the province borders the Adriatic Sea.
Teramo is in the northeast of Abruzzo and has an area of , the third largest province in the region after the provinces of L'Aquila and Chieti.
The province is bordered to the east by the Adriatic Sea, to the north by the province of Ascoli Piceno (Marche region), to the northwest by the province of Rieti (Lazio region), to the southwest by the province of L'Aquila and to the south by the province of Pescara.
The main river in the province is the Vomano,  long, that flows into the Adriatic Sea.
There are 309,859 persons living in the province (January 2017), for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
Alba Adriatica
Ancarano
Arsita
Basciano
Bellante
Bisenti
Campli
Canzano
Castel Castagna
Castellalto
Castelli
Castiglione Messer Raimondo
Castilenti
Cellino Attanasio
Cermignano
Civitella del Tronto
Colledara
Colonnella
Controguerra
Corropoli
Cortino
Crognaleto
Fano Adriano
Giulianova
Martinsicuro
Montefino
Montorio al Vomano
Morro d'Oro
Mosciano Sant'Angelo
Nereto
Notaresco
Penna Sant'Andrea
Pietracamela
Pineto
Rocca Santa Maria
Roseto degli Abruzzi
Sant'Egidio alla Vibrata
Sant'Omero
Silvi
Torano Nuovo
Torricella Sicura
Tortoreto
Tossicia
Valle Castellana
The largest comune is Teramo, with  and the smallest is Nereto, with .
Two comuni have less than 300 inhabitantsː Fano Adriano with 288 inhabitants, and Pietracamela with 263 inhabitants.
From north to south, the province of Teramo has seven blue flag beaches on the Adriatric Seacoast, called the Seven Sisters; they are:
List of comuni of the Province of Teramo
Province of Teramo official website
The province of Pescara () is a province in the Abruzzo region of Southern Italy, along the Adriatic Sea.
Its capital is the city of Pescara.
Pescara is the smallest province in Abruzzo with an area of .
The province is bordered to the northeast by the Adriatic Sea, to the north by the province of Teramo, to the east by the province of Chieti, and to the south and west by the province of L'Aquila.
The final part of the Aterno-Pescara river flows through this province; other rivers are smaller and most of them are tributaries of the Aterno-Pescara river.
The city of Pescara, the capital of the province, is at the mouth of this river.
There are 321,309 persons living in the province (January 2017), for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
There are 46 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:
Abbateggio
Alanno
Bolognano
Brittoli
Bussi sul Tirino
Cappelle sul Tavo
Carpineto della Nora
Castiglione a Casauria
Catignano
Cepagatti
Città Sant'Angelo
Civitaquana
Civitella Casanova
Collecorvino
Corvara
Cugnoli
Elice
Farindola
Lettomanoppello
Montebello di Bertona
Montesilvano
Moscufo
Nocciano
Penne
Pescosansonesco
Pianella
Picciano
Pietranico
Rosciano
Salle
San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore
Sant'Eufemia a Maiella
Scafa
Serramonacesca
Spoltore
Tocco da Casauria
Torre de' Passeri
Turrivalignani
Vicoli
Villa Celiera
The largest comune is Penne, with  and the smallest is Cappelle sul Tavo, with .
The comune with fewest people living in it is Corvara with 247 inhabitants.
List of comuni of the Province of Pescara
Province of Pescara official website
The province of Perugia () is a province in the Umbria region of Central Italy.
The city of Perugia is also the capital of Umbria.
The province of Perugia was created in 1860 as Province of the Umbria.
At that time, the province was larger than now because the present Province of Terni was included.
The largest lake of the province, and of Umbria, is the Trasimeno, one of the largest lake of Italy.
There are four regional natural parks in the province of Perugia: Parco di Colfiorito, Parco del Lago Trasimeno, Parco del Monte Cucco and Parco del Monte Subasio.
The Monti Sibillini National Park ()  is mainly in the Manche region but part of it is in Umbria.
, there are 662,110 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
The province has 59 comuni.
The comuni with more people living in them areː
The largest comune is Gubbio, with  and the smallest is Paciano, with .
The comune with fewest inhabitants is Poggiodomo with 117 inhabitants.
List of comuni of the Province of Perugia
Provinces of Umbria
The Province of Terni () is a province in the Umbria region of Central Italy.
The province of Terni was created in 1927 when the old Province of the Umbria, created in 1860, was divided in two provinces, the Perugia and Terni provinces.
There are two fluvial parks, to protect two rivers and their areas around them, in the province of Terni: Parco fluviale del Tevere ("Fluvial park of the Tiber") and  Parco fluviale del Nera ("Fluvial park of the Nera").
, there are 229,071 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
The province of Terni has 33 comuni.
There are only four comuni with more than 10,000 people living in them; they areː
The largest comune is Orvieto, with  and the three smallest are Attigliano (), Montefranco () and Penna in Teverina ().
Only two comuni have less than 1,000 inhabitantsː Parrano with 534 inhabitants, and Polino with 233 inhabitants
Spurgeon's (it used to be called Spurgeon's Child Care) is a charity based in England.
It has international projects in Mexico, Africa and Eastern Europe.
Spurgeon's was founded in 1867 by Charles Spurgeon.
He started it to care for fatherless boys.
The first girls were accepted in 1879.
Spurgeon's originally started as an orphanage.
It was called Stockwell Orphanage, and was started by Spurgeon in 1867.
It was located in what is now Stockwell Park Estate, in Stockwell, London.
The orphanage had places for 250 children to live.
These children were fed, clothed and taught at the orphanage.
This all cost about £5,000 each year.
The orphanage was a home for boys without fathers between the ages of six and ten.
Even though the orphanage was created by Baptists, boys of any religion were accepted there.
In 1879, other buildings for children to live in were added to the orphanage.
This allowed the orphanage to begin letting girls live there also.
Stockwell Orphanage was open until London was bombed in the Second World War.
Official Spurgeon's website
History of the Stockwell Orphanage
Mastodons or Mastodonts are elephants of the extinct genus Mammut and the family Mammutidae.
Mastodons became extinct about 11,000 years ago.
Mastodons, with mammoths, modern elephants and various older families, are members of the order Proboscidea.
As adults they stood between 2.5 and 3 meters (8-10 feet) at the shoulder and weighed between 3500 and 5400 kilograms (4-6 tons).
Two species
M. americanum was the American mastodon, and M. pacificus was the Pacific mastodon.
They are the youngest and best-known species of the genus.
Mastodons disappeared from North America as part of a mass extinction of most of the Pleistocene megafauna.
Recent discovery
Stone tools and bones from a butchered mastodon were found at the bottom of a river in Florida.
After a four-year investigation, researchers decided that humans lived there and made a meal of a mastodon 14,550 years ago.
About the book Lost Boys from Card's website
Isleham is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Cambridgeshire.
Isleham Village Website
The Rising Sun Isleham Website
Isleham FC Website
Civil parishes in Cambridgeshire
The River Lark is a river in England.
It flows into the River Great Ouse.
Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus (1996) is the first science fiction book in the Pastwatch series, and is written by Orson Scott Card.
The book's story about the explorer named Christopher Columbus.
Most of the book is about scientists who traveled back to the 1400s to change European meetings with the Americas.
("The Redemption Of Christopher Columbus"), 1998
("The Redemption Of Christopher Columbus"), 1997
About the book The Redemption of Christopher Columbus from Card's website
The New Park Street Chapel was a Reformed Baptist church in Southwark, London.
It was built in 1833.
The Metropolitan Tabernacle at Elephant and Castle still worships there.
Pastors both past & present
William Rider, c1653-c1665 (12 yrs)
Benjamin Keach, 1668-1704 (36 yrs)
Benjamin Stinton, 1704-1718 (14 yrs)
Dr. John Gill, 1720-1771 (51 yrs)
Dr. John Rippon, 1773-1836 (63 years)
Joseph Angus, 1837-1839 (2 yrs)
James Smith, 1841-1850 (8 ½ yrs)
William Walters, 1851-1853 (2 yrs)
Charles Spurgeon, 1854-1892 (38 yrs)
Arthur Tappan Pierson 1891-1893
Thomas Spurgeon, 1893-1908 (15 yrs)
Archibald G Brown, 1908-1911 (3 yrs)
Dr. Amzi Clarence Dixon, 1911-1919 (8 years)
Harry Tydeman Chilvers, 1919-1935 (15 ½ yrs)
Dr. W Graham Scroggie, 1938-1943 (5 yrs)
W G Channon, 1944-1949 (5 yrs)
Gerald B Griffiths, 1951-1954 (3yrs)
Eric W Hayden, 1956-1962 (6 yrs)
Dennis Pascoe 1963-1969 (6 yrs)
Dr. Peter Masters, 1970-present
History page on official site
Exeter Hall was a hall on the north side of The Strand, London, England.
It was built between 1829 and 1831.
The hall could hold about 3,000 people.
It was used for religious and philanthropic meetings.
About the history and "passing of Exeter Hall"
William Jewell College is a private, four-year Christian liberal arts college.
It has around 1,274 undergraduate students.
It is in Liberty, Missouri, United States
William Jewell College website
Colleges and universities in Missouri
1840s establishments in Missouri
Liberty is a city in Clay County, Missouri.
It is suburb of Kansas City, Missouri.
At the 2000 census the city population was 26,232.
Liberty is also home to William Jewell College.
City of Liberty Web Site
The World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Draft Lottery, also known as the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Draft, is a device used to provide new brand competition and to refreshen the promotion's rosters.
The Draft was first used during the brand extension of 2002 and the brand extension of 2006, but was officially created and used in 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008.
On June 10, 2002, McMahon became the kayfabe sole owner of World Wrestling Entertainment when he beat Ric Flair in a No-Holds-Barred match.
The following month, he named general managers (Eric Bischoff and Stephanie McMahon) to lead each brand.
Since then, there have been five further drafts:
In March 2004, with the theme/tagline of WrestleMania XX being "Where it all begins again," Mr. McMahon announced a draft lottery, stating "it's time to shake things up again."
Each general manager received six picks.
In June 2005,  Mr. McMahon announced a second draft lottery which would take place throughout the entire month of June.
Both general managers received five random picks.
In May 2006, WWE added a third brand; the revived version of Extreme Championship Wrestling.
"ECW Representative" Paul Heyman was allowed one pick from RAW and one pick from SmackDown!.
On May 28, 2007, Shane McMahon announced a new draft which featured all three brands.
The Draft took place on June 11, 2007, on a special three-hour episode of RAW.
On May 26, 2008, Vince McMahon announced a new draft, which would feature all three WWE brands.
The draft took place on June 23, 2008.
On February 11, 2009, WWE announced via WWE.com that the 2009 WWE Draft would take place "8 Days after WrestleMania" which was April 13, 2009, on Raw.
The draft was confirmed for April 26, 2010, by the website for the place where the event will be held, the Richmond Coliseum.
Draft lotteries
Impact on championships
Whether a champion keeps their championship after being drafted is unpredictable.
During the 2005 Draft, John Cena, the WWE Champion, was drafted from SmackDown!
to RAW and kept his championship.
General Manager Theodore Long announced that a new SmackDown!
World Championship was to be created but the idea was abandoned when Batista, the World Heavyweight Champion, was drafted to SmackDown!
from RAW, bringing the title with him.
During the 2007 Draft, however, the ECW World Champion Bobby Lashley was stripped of the title after being drafted to RAW.
In the 2008 draft, ECW Champion Kane was drafted to RAW.
WWE Champion Triple H was drafted to SmackDown.
WWE United States Champion Matt Hardy was drafted to ECW.
This caused SmackDown to have two championships and RAW had the ECW Championship.
ECW had no top championship but did gain the United States Championship.
The World Heavyweight Championship was moved back to RAW on June 30, 2008, when CM Punk defeated Edge.
ECW wrestler Mark Henry won the ECW championship on June 29, 2008, at the Night of Champions pay-per-view to return that championship to ECW.
This caused each brand to have its own top championship once again.
In 2009, WWE Champion Triple H was drafted back to Raw with the championship.
Also Intercontinental Champion, Rey Mysterio was drafted to SmackDown and United States Champion, MVP was drafted to Raw.
Divas Champion, Maryse was drafted to Raw and Women's Champion, Melina was drafted to SmackDown.
At Backlash, Edge beat John Cena in a Last Man Standing match (with help from Big Show) to bring the World Heavyweight Championship back to SmackDown and to have the championships evenly divided.
In 2011, United States Champion, Sheamus was drafted to SmackDown.
At Extreme Rules, Kofi Kingston defeated him in a tables match to bring the title back to Raw.
History of the WWE Draft Lottery
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Battle of Iwo Jima
|partof=World War II, Pacific War
|image= 37mm Gun fires against cave positions at Iwo Jima.jpg
|caption=A U.S.  gun fires against Japanese cave positions in the north face of Mount Suribachi
|date=February 19 – March 26, 1945
|place=Iwo Jima, Japan
|result= Decisive U.S. victory
|combatant1=
|combatant2=
|commander1=Holland SmithMarc Mitscher
|commander2=Tadamichi Kuribayashi
|strength1=70,000
|strength2=18,061–18,591
|casualties1=12,822 killed/missing<ref name="morison">{{cite book|last=Morison|first= Samuel Eliot|author-link=Samuel Eliot Morison|orig-year=1960|year=2002|title=Victory in the Pacific, 1945|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Urbana, IL|isbn=0-252-07065-8|oclc=49784806| series=Volume 14 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II}}</ref>19,217 wounded
|casualties2=17,845–18,375 killed/missing216 captured}}
The Battle of Iwo Jima was the American capture of the Japanese island of Iwo Jima during the Pacific Campaign of World War II.
The USA needed to capture Iwo Jima to be able to defeat Japan.
Many films were made about it, for example Flags of our Fathers and Letters from Iwo Jima, that were both directed by Clint Eastwood.
It lasted from 19 February – 26 March 1945.
It was a major battle in which the United States Armed Forces captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese Empire.
The Americans wanted to capture the island, including its three airfields, and use this area for attacks on the Japanese main islands.
This five-week battle had violent fighting.
After suffering such heavy losses, people questioned why the US went into the battle.
The island was not useful for the Navy or Air Force.
The Imperial Japanese Army had thick defenses and underground tunnels for cover.
The Americans had ships that could fire on the island and total control of the air.
The Japanese general, Tadamichi Kuribayashi, and his soldiers refused to surrender.
He and his officers said they would fight until they died.
John Toland, Rising Sun - The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936-1945, page 669
With no retreat and no possibility of reinforcements, the Japanese had dug in and prepared to fight until they died.
This meant that winning the battle, meant the Americans would have to destroy the entire Japanese force stationed on the island.
The battle was made famous by Joe Rosenthal's photograph of the raising of the U.S. flag on top of the  Mount Suribachi.
It looked like the Americans would go toward the Mariana Islands and the Carolines.
The Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy (I.J.N.) set up a line of defences.
The commander of the Japanese group on Chichi Jima was placed in command of Army and Navy units in the Volcano Islands.
The Americans had started bombing Japan every day after they captured the Marianas.
The Japanese were using Iwo Jima to transmit radio reports of American bomber activity.
After the U.S. captured bases in the Marshalls in February 1944, Japanese Army and Navy troops were sent to Iwo Jima.
Iwo Jima had more than 5,000 men.
The loss of the Marianas during the summer of 1944 made the Japanese worried about the Volcano Islands.
They knew that the Americans could launch airattacks on Japan if these islands were captured.
However, it was hard for Japan to defend the Volcano Islands because the Imperial Japanese Navy had lost almost all of its ships.
Japan could not build new airplanes until March or April 1945.
Even then, these planes could not fly to Iwo Jima from Japan.
Japan did mot have enough pilots and other aircrew.
Iwo Jima was important for two reasons: it was an air base for Japanese fighter planes, and it was a safe place for Japanese ships.
In addition, it was used by the Japanese to do air attacks on the Mariana Islands.
Planning and preparation
Japanese preparations
By June 1944, Lieutenant General Tadamichi Kuribayashi was ordered to defend Iwo Jima.
He knew that Japan could not win the battle, but hoped to inflict enough casualties to dissuade the Allies from invading Japan.
Kuribayashi created strong defences with heavy weapons such as heavy machine guns and artillery.
Extensive tunnels were dug, and Land mines were placed all over the island.
The amphibious landing
Starting on 15 June 1944, the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Army Air Forces began to attack the island.
Naval artillery shellings and air bombings were done for nine months.
Each heavy warship fired for approximately six hours.
These efforts failed to achieve desired effects due to the Japanese defenses.
The American bombings continued until 19 February 1945: the day the Marines landed on the island.
About 450 American ships were near Iwo Jima.
The battle involved about 60,000 U.S. Marines.
At 08:59, 30,000 Marines began landing on the island.
The Japanese held their fire for some time while men and material began to fill the beaches.
Then the Japanese opened fire, and many in the first group of Marines were killed by the machine guns.
Japanese heavy artillery was protected by steel doors that closed to protect the guns between shots.
This made it difficult for American units to destroy Japanese artillery.
The Japanese soldiers hid in the tunnel system.
With tanks, naval artillery, and air bombing on Mount Suribachi, the Marines were able to get past the beaches.
About 40,000 more Marines landed later.
The fighting on Iwo Jima was very violent.
The Marines’ advance was stopped by defensive positions and artillery.
The Marines used flamethrowers and grenades to kill Japanese troops in the tunnels.
Eight Sherman M4A3R3 medium tanks with a flamethrower destroyed Japanese defences.
The Japanese ran out of water, food, and supplies.
The Japanese made more nighttime attacks.
Most Japanese soldiers fought to the death.
Raising the flag
"Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" is a photograph taken on 23 February 1945 by Joe Rosenthal.
It shows five Marines and a U.S. Navy corpsman raising the flag of the United States on Mount Suribachi.
The photograph was popular.
It won a Pulitzer Prize for Photography.
The Japanese troops stayed in the tunnels .
Northern Iwo Jima
The Japanese still held positions on the north end.
Kuribayashi had eight infantry battalions, a tank regiment, two artillery battalions, and three heavy mortar battalions.
He also had about 5,000 gunners and naval infantry.
The Marines' tanks were destroyed by Japanese fire and mines.
Many Americans were killed or wounded.
The Marines attacked in the darkness with no bombing before the attack.
Many Japanese soldiers were killed while still sleeping.
On the evening of 8 March, Captain Samaji Inouye and his 1,000 men attacked the Americans causing 347 casualties (90 deaths).
The Marines counted 784 dead Japanese soldiers the next day.
There was also a kamikaze air attack on the ships anchored at sea on 21 February.
This sunk the escort carrier  and severely damaged the .
There was minor damage to the escort carrier , an LST, and a transport.
On 16 March, Kuribayashi's soldiers were still alive on the northwestern end of the island.
On 21 March, the Marines blew up the Japanese with four tons of explosives.
On 24 March, Marines sealed up the caves.
A 300-man Japanese force attacked Airfield No.
There was a 90-minute fight and it suffered heavy casualties (53 killed, 120 wounded).
The island was finally captured at 09:00 on 26 March.
In the Pacific the United States used the M2 flamethrower.
These flamethrowers were used to kill Japanese in caves.
Marines also had flamethrowers on tanks which were used during battle.
They were less useful because of Iwo Jima's rough land.
Many other infantry weapons were utilized, including the infamous M1 Garand.
Of the 22,060 Japanese soldiers on the island, 18,844 died from fighting or by suicide.
Only 216 were captured during the battle.
After Iwo Jima, 3,000 hid in the tunnels.
The 36-day battle for Iwo Jima resulted in more than 26,000 American casualties, including 6,800 dead.
By comparison, the 82-day battle for Okinawa resulted in casualties of over 62,000, of whom over 12,000 were killed or missing.
Iwo Jima was also the only U.S. Marine battle where the Americans suffered more casualties than the Japanese.
Strategic importance
Iwo Jima was not used by the US Army Air Corp to drop the atomic bombs on Japan.
Tinian was the Island both bombers left to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which were 12 hours out and back.
The argument for capturing Iwo Jima was that it provided a landing and refueling airfield for fighter escorts.
Yet, only ten missions were ever flown from Iwo Jima.
Japanese fighter aircraft based on Iwo Jima sometimes attacked the US forces.
Only 11 B-29s were lost.
On 19 February 1985, the 40th anniversary of the landings, an event called the Reunion of Honor was held.
The veterans of both sides who fought in the battle of Iwo Jima attended the event.
A memorial was built.
Representatives of both countries shook hands.
The importance of the battle to Marines today can be seen.
Marines go to the island and to the summit of Suribachi.
Medal of Honor awards
The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government.
It is given to a member of the United States armed forces who show bravery and risks his life in a battle.
The medal is often awarded after death.
It has been given only 3,464 times.
Movies and documentaries To the Shores of Iwo Jima, a 1945 American documentary produced by the United States Navy, Marine Corps and the Coast Guard.
Glamour Gal, a 1945 film about Marine artillery.
Sands of Iwo Jima, a 1949 American film starring John Wayne.
The Outsider, a 1961 film starring Tony Curtis as the conflicted flag raiser Ira Hayes.
Flags of Our Fathers and Letters from Iwo Jima are two 2006 films directed by Clint Eastwood.
Flags of Our Fathers is filmed from the American perspective and is based on the book by James Bradley and Ron Powers (Flags of Our Fathers).
Letters from Iwo Jima (originally titled Red Sun, Black Sand) is filmed from the Japanese perspective.
Part 8 of the 2010 HBO miniseries The Pacific, produced by Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg, includes part of the battle of Iwo Jima from the point of view of a Marine who died there.
Episode 23 from the 1973 Thames Television Documentary The World at War.
Battle Rats: Iwo Jima (2009) (TV).
The movie "The League of Grateful Sons" by Vision Forum concerns the Battle of Iwo Jima
Burrell, Robert S. "Breaking the Cycle of Iwo Jima Mythology: A Strategic Study of Operation Detachment," Journal of Military History Volume 68, Number 4, October 2004, pp.
1143–1186 and rebuttal in Project MUSE
Linenthal, Edward T. "Shaping a Heroic Presence: Iwo Jima in American Memory," Reviews in American History'' Vol.
1 (March 1993), pp.
8–12 in JSTOR
Kindersley, Dorling; World War II: The Definitive Visual History; DK publishing; 2009
– Site contains 250 photographs.
– 3-D Stereo Photograph of Iwo Jima Flag-raising.
– A tone-mapped High Dynamic Range Image of Iwo Jima.
John 3:16 (chapter 3, verse 16 of the Gospel of John) is a verse from the Christian Bible.
It has been called the "Gospel in a nutshell."
It is also thought to be one of the most important doctrines of Christianity.
id:Yohanes 3#Ayat 16
It is used to show how the point of equilibrium of a system will move to oppose a change in the conditions of the system, following Newton's third law.
This is most commonly seen in reversible reactions in chemistry, where a chemical reaction has reached a point where the formation of products happens at the same rate the products decay back into reactants.
This principle can then be used to increase the amount of desired products made by moving equilibrium towards that side in chemical industries.
If the concentration of reactants in a reaction increases, the point of equilibrium moves towards the products as this gets rid of the excess reactants and cancels the change.
Similarly, if the concentration of products increases, the equilibrium moves towards the reactants.
This principle is also shown by Lenz's law, which states that a changing magnetic flux will produce an opposing magnetic flux (and therefore a magnetic and electric field) in any nearby metals.
This will then produce a second current in the nearby metal in the opposite direction to the original current.
The continental United States is the area of the United States of America that is located in the continent of North America.
It includes 49 of the 50 states (48 of which are located south of Canada and north of Mexico, known as the "lower 48 states", the other being Alaska) and the District of Columbia, which contains the federal capital, Washington, D.C. The only state which is not part of this is Hawaii (as they are islands in the Pacific Ocean and not part of North America).
Some sources incorrectly mix up the continental United States with the contiguous United States (which consists simply of the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia).
The contiguous United States (also known as the United States Mainland) does not include Alaska, Hawaii, or any other territories under the control of the United States.
Alaska is unique among the US states as it is part of the North American continent, meaning it is attached via Canada, and so is part of the "Continental United States".
However, Alaska is not part of the "Contiguous United States", because it is not attached directly to the lower 48 states.
The Bible Belt is term for a part of the United States in which many people believe in conservative Evangelical Protestantism.
This makes it a dominant part of the culture.
Britons, British people, or the British are people from Britain – either from the United Kingdom or the island of Great Britain.
In history, the people of the British Empire, and later the British Commonwealth, were also named British or Britons.
The first people to be named Britons were the people of ancient Britain, the ancient Britons.
The ancient Romans named the people of Britain in .
People from Roman Britain called themselves in .
Bede used the spelling in , the spelling of which was possibly learned from the Old English word of the same meaning.
Originally, the word Briton in the English language meant a person from one of the Brythonic languages-speaking peoples in Great Britain and northern France: mostly the people of Strathclyde, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany.
This meaning of the word was used in Middle English from the 13th century and after.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Briton could also be a name for Welsh people.
The use of Britons to mean all the people of Britain was not common in the English language before the early 18th century.
It became more usual after the Acts of Union 1707 joined together the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
The word Briton was frequently used in the 18th and 19th centuries with the suggestion of "qualities of bravery and fortitude".
The rare word "Britoness" was sometimes used in the past for women from Britain.
Writers like Edmund Spenser, Thomas Babington Macaulay, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson used it for strong women like the ancient British queen Boudica (who fought the Romans) and the English queen, Elizabeth I (whose Royal Navy defeated the Spanish Armada).
The scissor-tailed flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus), also known as the Texas bird-of-paradise and swallow-tailed flycatcher, is a type of bird that lives in North America, in the United States and Mexico.
It eats insects.
It is grey on top and light grey underneath with pink on the sides.
The wings are dark and it has a long black tail.
It is named "scissor-tailed" because its tail looks like a pair of scissors.
The tail is shorter when it is young, and the bird is not as colorful.
The scissor-tailed flycatcher is closely related to the kingbirds.
It is also the state bird of Oklahoma.
The common name is derived from its former Latin name-Muscivoria forficata, meaning "flying"-"scissors" and "to devour."
In Oklahoma, scissortails can be found on open prairies, along tree-lined roads, and along roadsides perched on fences, limbs and in isolated trees.
They consume a great number of grasshoppers, crickets, spiders, and other ground-dwelling insects  making them economically important and popular with farmers and ranchers.
Soon after the birds arrive in the state, the males begin their famous "sky dance," a popular site along roadsides during spring and early summer.
After climbing about 100 feet in the air, the male makes a series of V-shaped flights, then plunges down in an erratic zigzag course often somersaulting  while uttering a rolling, cackling call.
The performance has been described as "an aerial ballet of incomparable grace."
Nesting usually takes place in an isolated tree 7–30 feet  above ground.
Often two broods of 4-6 each are raised during the summer.
Scissor-tailed flycatchers are easily identified by their long scissor-like tail, which may reach nine inches in length.
During flight the bird opens its tail like a pair of scissors and folds or closes the "scissors" when perching.
The nape of its neck and its back are pearl gray, and the breast is white.
Wings are sooty black with a touch of scarlet at the shoulders.
The principal threat to scissortails is poaching.
A great number of birds have been killed by poachers who wanted only the bird's tail.
Cercis canadensis L. (also known as the eastern redbud) is a large shrub or small tree native to eastern North America from southern Ontario, Canada south to northern Florida, United States.
The tree is also the state tree of Oklahoma.
Black Mesa is a mountain in Oklahoma.
It is the highest point in the state.
Mountains of Oklahoma
EXIT or exit (lat.
exit "he/she leaves", pl.
exeunt) may mean:
Exit, denoting a way out of a building, city, or place
Emergency exit, or fire exit, used in case of an emergency
Exit ramp, or slip road, used to leave an expressway or motorway
Exit procedure, or exit interview, related to the termination of an employee
Exit plan, commonly used to describe a plan for business owners to divest themselves of their business, or the planning for the termination of an operation
Exit sign, indicating a point of egress
Exit (operating system), a system call to terminate a running program, process, task, or thread
Exit (command), a termination command in UNIX, DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows
User exit, a predefined replaceable procedure in a software package
EXIT (festival), a music festival in Serbia
"Exit" (song), a song from U2's album The Joshua Tree
Exit (Tangerine Dream album), a 1981 album from the German band, Tangerine Dream
Exit (k-os album), a 2002 album from Canadian musician k-os
Exit Records, a record label
Exit, a theatrical term instructing an actor to leave the scene
EXIT (performance art group), a performance art group in the 1970s
Exit (comic), a French comic by Bernard Werber and Alain Mounier
Exit (video game), a video game for the PSP, Xbox Live Arcade and Nintendo DS
Exit (group), three European organisations helping young people to leave the neo-Nazi scene
EXIT (Australia), a pro-euthanasia group in Australia and other countries
EXIT (Scotland), a pro-euthanasia group based in Scotland
Quit (disambiguation)
Cassowaries  (Casuarius) are a kind of large bird which cannot fly.
They are part of a group of flightless birds called the ratites.
The ostrich, emu, moa (now extinct) and small kiwi are other ratites.
The cassowary lives in the tropical rainforests of New Guinea and north eastern Australia.
They are shy birds living deep in the forest.
They can also become angry, and they will attack people.
This makes it hard to learn about them.
Species of cassowary
Southern cassowary, Casuarius casuarius, which lives in Australia and New Guinea
Northern cassowary, Casuarius unappendiculatus, which lives in New Guinea and New Britain.
This is also called the Single-wattled cassowary, Gold(en)-neck(ed) cassowary or Blyth's cassowary.
Dwarf cassowary, Casuarius bennetti, which lives in New Guinea.
It weighs up to  and can grow to  tall.
It is also called Bennett's cassowary, Mountain cassowary or Mooruk.
The southern cassowary is the largest forest bird in the world, and the second heaviest bird in the world after the ostrich.
It is third tallest after the ostrich and emu.
Females are bigger and more brightly coloured.
Adult Southern Cassowaries are between  to  tall.
Some females may get as big as , and weigh about .
They do not have feathers on their necks.
The necks are brightly colored in red, blue, purple and yellow.
The southern cassowary has two wattles, loose skin, which hangs down from their neck.
The Northern Cassowary has one wattle.
The Dwarf Cassowary has no wattles.
Cassowaries have three toes on each foot.
Each has a sharp claw.
The middle toe has a claw like a dagger, which is  long.
Because a cassowary can kick, this claw is very dangerous and can hurt or kill enemies.
Scientists believe they can run up to .
They can jump up to  and they can swim.
There have been reported attacks on people and animals by cassowaries.
In April 1926, a cassowary killed a 16-year-old boy near Mossman, Queensland.
The cassowary's wings are small, and are not flight feathers.
They are not adapted for flying.
Females lay between three and eight large, pale green-blue eggs at a time.
These large eggs are about  by  and weigh about 600 grams.
Ostrich and emu eggs are bigger.
The male sits on the eggs for two months until they hatch.
He then looks after the brown-striped chicks for nine months.
The female mates with two or three males each year.
A cassowary at the Healesville Sanctuary lived for 61 years.
The casque
All three types of cassowary have a horn-like helmet called a casque on the top of their head.
The casque is a keratinous skin (like a finger nail) over an inside made of firm, but foam like material.
This material can be bent and squeezed but it goes back to its proper shape.
The name cassowary comes from two Papuan words meaning "horned head".
The reason for the casque is unknown.
There are a number of different ideas, such as:
It may have a sexual purpose as the females casque is larger
It might be used to push through the thick forest,
It might be a weapon for fighting other cassowaries
It might be a tool for pushing leaf litter out of the way when looking for food
It might keep the cassowary's skull safe if they crash into trees.
Biologist Andrew Mack has watched cassowaries and disagreed with many of these ideas.
He thinks that the casques play a part in the way cassowaries hear sounds or the way that they make sounds.
He discovered that the dwarf Cassowary and southern cassowary make a very low sound.
It is the lowest known bird call, like a "boom", which people can only just hear.
The southern cassowary sound was measured at 32 hertz, and the Dwarf Cassowary was even lower at only 23 hertz.
The birds live by themselves, they do not live in groups so the "booming sound" might be a way for the birds to communicate (talk) over a long distance in thick rainforest.
Scientists think that this way of talking may be how dinosaurs communicated with each other.
Their main food is fruit, but they eat other things such as snails, fungi, ferns and flowers.
They are important because they spread plant and fruit seeds through the forest.
Each cassowary is known to live in an area of up to , so they carry seeds a long way.
At least 70 rainforest trees need the cassowary to spread their seeds.
Their seeds are too big for other rainforest animals to carry.
Seeds from 21 plants have to be eaten and pass through the cassowary or they will not grow.
Some seeds are poisonous to all other animals; only the cassowary can eat them.
Scientists have worked out that about 150 rainforest plants need the cassowary.
The southern cassowary is now listed as endangered in Australia.
The CSIRO states that approximately 4,400 cassowaries live in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area.
Many of the forest places that they like to live in have been cleared for farming and other development.
It has been worked out that 75% of rain forest, where cassowaries used to live, have been cleared in Australia.
When Cyclone Larry hit the Mission Beach area in 2006 a lot of cassowary forest was flattened.
It is thought that 18% of the birds were killed by the storm.
Animals such as wild pigs, dogs and cats, have become a big threat to the birds.
Motor cars are a big danger to the birds.
Scientists say that 70% of known cassowary deaths at Mission Beach, Queensland, were birds killed trying to cross roads.
The northern cassowary in New Guinea is listed as vulnerable.
They could easily become an endangered animal unless things are done to protect them.
Scientists do not know how many birds there are, but they think there may be anywhere from 2,500 to 9,999 northern cassowaries left.
Saving the cassowary
The CSIRO are studying cassowary faeces to see if they can use their DNA to count how many birds are left.
In 2008, the Australian Government stopped rainforest land being used to build houses at Mission Beach.
They are going to try and keep corridors (narrow forest areas) so the birds can move between rainforest areas safely.
People will be asked to replant forest trees and plants on their land to help make these corridors.
The government is looking at buying land for more corridors.
Scientists are finding out when and where cassowaries cross roads.
This will mean strict limits on motor car speeds to protect cassowaries that might try to cross some roads.
Plans are being looked at to build raised roads so the birds can pass underneath.
Many zoos, such as the Australian Reptile Park in Gosford, the Airlie Beach Wildlife Park and the Denver Zoo are trying to breed cassowaries.
Cassowaries in zoos have lived for up to 60 years.
The first cassowary kept in a zoo was in Amsterdam in 1597.
It had been brought back as a present for the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II.
Cassowaries in art and music
In 2007, Australian singer Christine Anu, made an album called Chrissy's Island Family.
This is a collection of songs for children.
One of the songs is called Cassowary.
It is about Samu, the Wakka Woo cassowary.
There is picture book for children, called Sisi and the Cassowary, by Arone Raymond Meeks.
It has drawings in traditional aboriginal style to tell a Dreamtime like story.
English natural history writer and artist, John Gould, had drawings of the cassowary in his set of seven books called The Birds of Australia.
These were printed in London between 1851 and 1869.
The cassowary drawings were completed by Henry Richter.
Richter's watercolor painting of the cassowary is in the museum in Melbourne, Victoria.
Other large birds
List of cassowary food plants
Cassowary the Dinosaur Bird of the Australia Rainforest
The Province of Belluno (; German: Provinz Belluno) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy.
Its capital is the city of Belluno.
The province of Belluno has an area of  and is the most northern of the provinces of the Veneto region, and is almost entirely occupied by mountain areas.
In the eastern part of the province are the Dolomites, part of the eastern Alps, with high mountains, including the highest point of the province and of the region, the Marmolada () that is  high.
The southern part of the province is called Valbelluna, the widest and most populous valley of the province.
, there are 206,856 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
Language minorities
a Ladin (a Romance language) minority is present in the three communes of Colle Santa Lucia, Livinallongo del Col di Lana and Cortina d'Ampezzo.
a German-speaking minority in the commune of Sappada, Farra d'Alpago and Tambre.
There are 64 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:
Agordo
Alano di Piave
Alleghe
Alpago
Arsiè
Borca di Cadore
Calalzo di Cadore
Canale d'Agordo
Cencenighe Agordino
Cesiomaggiore
Chies d'Alpago
Cibiana di Cadore
Colle Santa Lucia
Comelico Superiore
Danta di Cadore
Falcade
Feltre
Fonzaso
Gosaldo
La Valle Agordina
Lamon
Lentiai
Limana
Livinallongo del Col di Lana
Longarone
Lorenzago di Cadore
Lozzo di Cadore
Ospitale di Cadore
Perarolo di Cadore
Ponte nelle Alpi
Quero Vas
Rivamonte Agordino
Rocca Pietore
San Gregorio nelle Alpi
San Nicolò di Comelico
San Pietro di Cadore
San Tomaso Agordino
San Vito di Cadore
Santo Stefano di Cadore
Sappada
Sedico
Seren del Grappa
Soverzene
Sovramonte
Taibon Agordino
Tambre
Trichiana
Val di Zoldo
Vallada Agordina
Valle di Cadore
Vigo di Cadore
Vodo di Cadore
Voltago Agordino
Zoppè di Cadore
The following shows the 10 comuni with the population, and the area and altitude.
Provincia di Belluno Official site
The Province of Rovigo () is a province in the Veneto region of Italy.
Its capital is the city of Rovigo.
The province of Rovigo has an area of  and is the most southern of the provinces of the Veneto region, and its territory is almost flat, without mountains.
The highest point of the province is in the Bergantino comune, to the west of the province; it is only  high.
The province is rich in water, with the presence of the two longest rivers of Italy: the Po and the Adige rivers.
Both flow from west to east and into the Adriatic Sea and most of the territory of the province is between these two rivers: the Adige in the north of the province and the Po in the south of it.
The province of Rovigo borders to the northwest with the Verona province, to the north with the Padua province and the Metropolitan City of Venice, to the west with the Lombardy region (Mantua province) and to the south with the Ferrara Emilia-Romagna region.
The Adriatic Sea is to the east.
, there are 240,540 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
There are 50 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:
Ariano nel Polesine
Badia Polesine
Bagnolo di Po
Bergantino
Bosaro
Calto
Canaro
Canda
Castelguglielmo
Castelmassa
Castelnovo Bariano
Ceneselli
Ceregnano
Corbola
Costa di Rovigo
Crespino
Ficarolo
Fiesso Umbertiano
Frassinelle Polesine
Fratta Polesine
Gaiba
Gavello
Giacciano con Baruchella
Guarda Veneta
Lendinara
Loreo
Lusia
Melara
Occhiobello
Papozze
Pettorazza Grimani
Pincara
Polesella
Pontecchio Polesine
Porto Tolle
Porto Viro
Rosolina
Salara
San Martino di Venezze
Stienta
Taglio di Po
Trecenta
Villadose
Villamarzana
Villanova del Ghebbo
Villanova Marchesana
Provincia di Rovigo Official site
Oded Fehr (; born 23 November 1970 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli film and television actor.
He acted in The Mummy.
People from Tel Aviv
a small splashing waterfall that tumbles down a mountainside in a series of steps.
a series of musical notes.
a series of events which follow each other rapidly, each of which triggers the next.
Cascade Range, a mountain range on the west coast of North America
Cascade Volcanoes, a grouping of volcanoes on the west coast of North America
Cascade Mountain (Alberta), a mountain in the Bow River Valley of Banff National Park
Cascade, British Columbia, aka Cascade Falls, a ghost town
Cascade, Colorado, an unincorporated town in El Paso County
Cascade-Chipita Park, Colorado, a census-designated place
Cascade, Idaho, a city in Valley County
Cascade, Iowa, a city in Dubuque County and Jones County
Cascade, Montana, a town in Cascade County
Cascade, New Hampshire, a village within the town of Gorham and the city of Berlin
Cascade, Seattle, Washington, a small neighborhood abutting downtown Seattle
Cascade, Wisconsin, a village in Sheboygan County
Cascade-Fairwood, Washington, a census-designated place in King County
Cascade Locks, Oregon, a city in Hood River County
Cascade Township, Michigan, a charter township of Kent County
Cascade Township, Minnesota, in Olmsted County
Cascade Township, Pennsylvania, in Lycoming County
Cascade Valley, Washington, a census-designated place in Grant County
Other U.S. locations
Cascade Highway (Washington), a portion of U.S. Route 2 through the northern Cascades in Washington
Cascade Highway (Oregon), a portion of Oregon Route 213 running from Silverton to Stayton in Oregon
Cascade Lakes, a collection of lakes in Oregon
Cascade Mountain (New York), a mountain in Essex County of New York
Cascade Park, a Lorain County Metropark in Elyria, Ohio
Cascade Pass, a mountain pass in Washington
Cascade Tunnel, a railroad tunnel near Everett, Washington
Shasta Cascade, a region of northern California
Cascade, Seychelles, a district in the Republic of Seychelles
Cascade National Park, a national park in New South Wales
Ablation cascade, a possible catastrophic orbital event
Biochemical cascade, a consecutive series of chemical reactions
Complement cascade or Complement system, a biochemical cascade in the immune system
MAPK cascade, a process in the action of cancer genes
Cascade reaction, a consecutive series of chemical reactions within a molecule
Electron cascade or Electron avalanche, a process in physics
Quantum cascade laser, a unipolar semiconductor laser
Event cascade, a problem in event-driven computer programming
Informational cascade, an economic theory
Cascading failure, a failure in a system of interconnected parts
Cascade (chemical engineering), a series of chemical processes
Cascading rollback, multiple failure after a database rollback
Cascading Style Sheets specifying the appearance of web information
Fractional cascading, a data structuring technique for speeding up binary searches
Boise Cascade, an American pulp and paper company
Cascade Bicycle Club, a non-profit organization and advocacy group, Seattle, Washington
Cascade Brewery, a brewer in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Cascade College, a private college in Portland, Oregon
Cascade Communications, a manufacturer of communications equipment
Cascade Corporation, a manufacturer of Material Handling Equipment in Portland, OR
Cascade Investments LLC, a private investments and holding company owned by Bill Gates
Cascade Limited, a subsidiary of Pacific Century Cyberworks (PCCW), a Hong Kong telecommunications company
Cascade Lacrosse, a sports manufacturer
Cascade Collegiate Conference, a sports conference in the western United States
Open CASCADE, a software development company with head office in France
CASCADE, an EU-funded research project, targeting health risks in food