the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Another WCW championship, the WCW Cruiserweight Championship, was rebranded as a WWE title and replaced the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship as the WWE Cruiserweight Championship.
Additionally, the WCW United States Championship was revived in 2003 as a SmackDown!-exclusive title, thus becoming the WWE United States Championship.
Although the WCW brand effectively died once and for all following the end of this storyline, ECW was "temporarily" revived by WWE in 2005 for the purposes of a special "reunion" show, ECW One Night Stand, held on June 12 2005.
The build-up to this one-shot event featured former ECW talent putting over the virtues of the brand versus the WWE product and appearances by several former ECW wrestlers not under contract to WWE.
In 2006, it was announced that WWE would be reviving ECW as its third "brand" (to complement RAW and SmackDown!).
The second One Night Stand, held on June 11 2006, led to the official debut of the new ECW the following Tuesday.
Test won the Immunity Battle Royal, which granted him immunity from being fired for an entire year, beginning a storyline in which he would bully other wrestlers simply because he could.
Every Alliance member who held championships were also immune from being fired, such as Christian, the Dudley Boyz, and Rob Van Dam.
William Regal got his job back by being the first to join Vince McMahon's infamous Kiss My Ass Club.
The remaining Alliance members (with the exception of RVD) would associate themselves with Vince, who immediately turned heel, against Austin, who immediately turned face.
Kurt Angle remained a heel, despite being the one responsible for the end of the Alliance.
It was during this storyline that Stone Cold Steve Austin coined the "What?"
catchphrase, which fans continue to chant to this day.
Ric Flair would make a return and become the kayfabe co-owner of the WWE with Vince.
The Invasion angle was a large storyline that spanned for almost half of 2001 and brought about financial success for the WWF, such as the InVasion pay-per-view being one of the highest non-major event buyrates in the history of pay-per-views.
However, the Invasion storyline has come under criticism by wrestling fans and wrestling media, with the storyline being called a flop.
Other media refer to the storyline as "one of the most poorly handled, ego-filled storylines in wrestling history."
The Invasion storyline was awarded the 2001 Gooker Award by WrestleCrap for worst gimmick, storyline, or event in wrestling.
The Weakness of the Alliance
Throughout the storyline, many inter-promotional matches had WWF wrestlers winning over WCW/ECW wrestlers, usually cleanly.
In contrast, most of the Alliance's wins were due to interference or disqualification.
For example, it took Tazz assisting Raven at InVasion for Raven to beat William Regal.
The Rock, however, won cleanly at SummerSlam 2001, despite Shane McMahon's helping Booker T.
One particular example of this was during the Inaugural Brawl at the InVasion pay-per-view.
Besides Austin's turn in the match that was needed to secure a WCW/ECW win over the WWF, Slam!
Wrestling alleged that the Alliance wrestled poorly in comparison to the WWF wrestlers:
"Portrayed as disorganized and inferior grapplers, the ECW-WCW Team had more than its fair share of mistimed moves which hurt their own team members while the "WWF squad" of course wrestled like a well-oiled machines.
The weakening of the ECW-WCW dubbed superstars didn't stop there either.
The WWF faction battered their enemy tag partners off the ring apron over and over again making them appear weak and more times than not, the ECW-WCW grapplers gained an advantage only by double-teaming or employing underhanded tactics.
The message sent was loud and clear.
The best of ECW-WCW is not good enough to hang with the WWF."
It has been speculated that the reason for this was because Vince McMahon did not want the WWF to look weak while fighting the Alliance, as he worked very hard to put down his competition, especially WCW.
Smash Wrestling alleges that WWF wrestlers needed to defect to make the Alliance appear to be a credible threat.
Overemphasis on the McMahons
The Invasion storyline was presented with a backdrop of a McMahon feud.
In storyline, WWF was owned by Vince McMahon, WCW was owned by Shane McMahon, and ECW was owned by Stephanie McMahon.
Although the feud did not center completely around the McMahons, the family feud storyline had been done many times before.
In addition to this, the Stone Cold versus Vince McMahon feud was to start again when Vince McMahon hit Austin in the back of the head with a chair at No Mercy.
As stated by a Slam!
Wrestling synopsis of No Mercy 2001:
For fans who didn't catch it the fifth, tenth or twentieth time they've run the angle, "Stone Cold" Steve Austin and Vince McMahon are about to feud once again...  First up was Vincent McMahon labeling Austin with a steel chair as he was waiting to put a dazed RVD away... Three minutes later, it was Shane McMahon's turn to hurl Kurt Angle out of the ring and into a steel ring post.
Vince tackled Shane over the announce table and the two began pummeling one another.
Back in the ring, Austin laid a "Stone Cold" Stunner on to retain the belt as a disgruntled Vince scowled.
Gee, how many times have we seen that scenario play itself out before?
Austin wins.
Vince fumes.
Fans snore.
Lack of big-name WCW talent/Overemphasis on WWF defectors
Many fans had dreamed of a day where they could pit WWF and WCW wrestlers against each other, but the storyline's final match ended with four WWF wrestlers brawling it out.
As a column in Online World of Wrestling stated:
"While it was good TV, it wasn't what everyone thought the WCW vs WWF would have been all about... When the fans of WWF and WCW reminisced about a WCW vs WWF match back in the glory days of Monday Night Wars of around 1997, their match would have probably gone like this: WCW would probably have a team of Hollywood Hulk Hogan, Scott Hall, Kevin Nash, Goldberg, and Ric Flair against... maybe the WWF team of Stone Cold Steve Austin, The Rock, the Undertaker, Shawn Michaels, and Mick Foley.
Something like that anyway, obviously, even if Vince had done this thing right and signed some good WCW talent we would have had a match a little different due to... factors such as retirement or injuries or something, but still similar to that."
It is important to note that some of the WCW wrestlers' absences were out of the WWF's control.
Many of WCW's top wrestlers had contracts with AOL Time Warner, WCW's parent company, and were willing to sit at home rather than wrestle for less money.
Ric Flair and Rey Mysterio were not signed until the end of the Invasion because they were tied to their contracts, and therefore their absence was out of the WWF's control.
In addition, Scott Steiner was recovering from an injury.
Others, such as Hulk Hogan, Kevin Nash, Scott Hall, and Goldberg, were not signed until well after the storyline finished.
Because of this, the WWF's opponent allegedly lacked the strong identity of WCW.
To bolster the ranks of WCW (in lieu of big WCW names), some WWF wrestlers (such as Stone Cold Steve Austin) defected and joined the Alliance.
Although both WWF and WCW featured talents who had worked for both companies, wrestlers such as Stone Cold had their greatest success in WWF and were seen by fans as WWF wrestlers.
Kurt Angle had never wrestled a match for either WCW or ECW, but was a main player for the Alliance towards the end of the storyline.
In fact, despite both being viewed as prominent WWF wrestlers, they ended up not only being main players of the Alliance, with Stone Cold being the leader that carried championship gold, but also playing a bigger role than the WCW and ECW stars during the Invasion.
For example, the final two Alliance members were Stone Cold and Angle at Survivor Series 2001—Booker T and Rob Van Dam were eliminated only after Shane McMahon.
In My Opinion the reasons why Pro Wrestling took a fall in the early part of this century  by Darrell Mays
2001 in professional wrestling
A caliphate ( khilāfa) is a state ruled by an Islamic leader known as a caliph (  ).
This is a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, and a leader of the entire Muslim community.
The Rashidun caliphs directly succeeded Muhammad as leaders of the muslim community.
They were chosen through shura, a process of community consultation that some think is an early form of Islamic democracy.
During the history of Islam after the Rashidun period, many muslim states, mostly hereditary monarchies, have claimed to be caliphates.
Caliphs were not thought of as having the same prophetic power as Muhammid did.
In the Sunni branch of Islam a caliph should be elected by Muslims or their representatives.
Followers of Shia Islam, however, believe a caliph should be an imam chosen by God from the Ahl al-Bayt (the "Family of the House", Muhammad's direct descendants).
Rashidun, AD 632-661
Abu Bakr, the first successor of Muhammad, nominated Umar as his successor on his deathbed, and there was consensus in the Muslim community to his choice.
His successor, Uthman Ibn Affan, was elected by a council of electors (Majlis).
But soon he was seen by some more as a "king" than as an elected leader.
Uthman was killed by members of an opposition group.
Then Ali took control.
He was very popular with many, but he was not accepted as caliph by the governors of Egypt.
Later on even some of his own guard were against him.
He had two major rebellions and was assassinated after a tumultuous rule of only five years.
Muawiyah, a relative of Uthman, and governor (Wali) of Syria became one of Ali's challengers.
After Ali's death he became Caliph.
Under him, the caliphate became a hereditary office for the first time.
He founded the Umayyad dynasty.
Umayyads, AD 661-750
Under the Umayyads the Caliphate grew rapidly geographically.
Islamic rule expanded westward across North Africa and into Hispania and eastward through Persia and ultimately to Sindh and Punjab in modern-day Pakistan.
This made it one of the largest unitary states in history and one of the few states to ever extend direct rule over three continents (Africa, Europe, and Asia).
Although not ruling all of the Sahara, homage was paid to the Caliph by Saharan Africa usually via various nomad Berber tribes.
Largely due to the fact that they were not elected via Shura, the Umayyad dynasty was not universally supported within the Muslim community.
Some supported prominent early Muslims like Al-Zubayr; others felt that only members of Muhammad's clan, the Banu Hashim, or his own lineage, the descendants of Ali, should rule.
There were numerous rebellions against the Umayyads, as well as splits within the Umayyad ranks (notably, the rivalry between Yaman and Qays).
Eventually, supporters of the Banu Hisham and the supporters of the lineage of Ali united to bring down the Umayyads in 750.
However, the , "the Party of Ali", were again disappointed when the Abbasid dynasty took power, as the Abbasids were descended from Muhammad's uncle, `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib and not from Ali.
Following this disappointment, the  finally split from the majority Sunni Muslims and formed what are today the several  denominations.
The Umayyad Caliphate emerged as the rulers of the Islamic world.
Although they maintained the Sasanians' administrative practices, the Umayyads considered Islam as primarily an Arab religion and were wary of Persian culture.
They enforced use of the Arabic language in Persia, leading to the demise of the Middle Persian or Pahlavi alphabet in favor of the new Arabic/Persian alphabet in use to this day.
They attempted to assimilate Persians as they had "Arabized" and assimilated the Egyptians and the Assyrians, but with much less success.
The Caliphate in Hispania
During the Umayyad period Hispania was an integral province of the Umayyad Caliphate ruled from Damascus, Syria.
Later the caliphate was won by the Abbasids and Al-Andalus (or Hispania)  split from the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad to form their own caliphate.
The Caliphate of Córdoba (خليفة قرطبة) ruled the Iberian Peninsula from the city of Córdoba, from 929 to 1031.
This period was characterized by remarkable success in technology, trade and culture; many of the masterpieces of Spain were constructed in this period, including the famous Great Mosque of Córdoba.
The title Caliph (خليفة) was claimed by Abd-ar-Rahman III on January 16, 929; he was previously known as the Emir of Córdoba (أمير قرطبة).
All Caliphs of Córdoba were members of the Umayyad dynasty; the same dynasty had held the title Emir of Córdoba and ruled over roughly the same territory since 756.
The rule of the Caliphate is known as the heyday of Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula, before it split into taifas.
Spain possessed a significant native Muslim population until 1610 with the success of the Catholic-instigated Spanish Inquisition, which expelled any remnants of Spanish Muslim (Morisco) or Jewish populations.
Abbasids, AD 750-1258
The Abbasids had an unbroken line of Caliphs for over three centuries, consolidating Islamic rule and cultivating great intellectual and cultural developments in the Middle East.
By 940 the power of the Caliphate under the Abbasids was waning as non-Arabs, particularly the Berbers of North Western Africa, the Turkish, and later the Mamluks in Egypt in the latter half of the 13th century, gained influence, and sultans and emirs became increasingly independent.
However, the Caliphate endured as both a symbolic position and a unifying entity for the Islamic world.
During the period of the Abassid dynasty, Abassid claims to the caliphate did not go unchallenged.
The  Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah of the Fatimid dynasty, which claimed descendency of Muhammad through his daughter, claimed the title of Caliph in 909, creating a separate line of caliphs in North Africa.
Initially covering Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, the Fatimid caliphs extended their rule for the next 150 years, taking Egypt and Palestine, before the Abbassid dynasty was able to turn the tide, limiting Fatimid rule to Egypt.
The Fatimid dynasty finally ended in 1171.
The Umayyad dynasty, which had survived and come to rule over the Muslim provinces of Spain, reclaimed the title of Caliph in 929, lasting until it was overthrown in 1031.
Shadow Caliphate, 13th-16th century AD
1258 saw the conquest of Baghdad and the execution of Abbasid caliph al-Musta'sim by Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan.
A surviving member of the Abbasid House was installed as Caliph at Cairo under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate three years later; however, the authority of this line of Caliphs was confined to ceremonial and religious matters, and later Muslim historians referred to it as a "shadow" Caliphate.
Ottomans, 16th-20th century AD
Ottoman rulers were known primarily by the title of Sultan and sometimes also used the title of Caliph.
Mehmed II and his grandson Selim I used it to justify their conquest of Islamic countries.
As the Ottoman Empire grew in size and strength, Ottoman rulers beginning with Selim I began to claim Caliphal authority.
Ottoman rulers used the title "Caliph" symbolically on many occasions but it was strengthened when the Ottoman Empire defeated the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517 and took control of most Arab lands.
The last Abbasid Caliph at Cairo, al-Mutawakkil III, was taken into custody and was transported to Istanbul, where he reportedly surrendered the Caliphate to Selim I.
After the Ottomans lost a war with the Russian Empire they signed a peace treaty with Russia in 1774.
The Sultan had to surrender large territories, including ones with large Muslim populations, such as Crimea, to the Russian Empire.
However, Sultan Abdul Hamid I claimed a diplomatic victory by assigning himself the protector of Muslims in Russia as part of the peace treaty.
Russia, meanwhile, was the protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire.
This was the first time the Ottoman caliph was acknowledged as having political significance outside of Ottoman borders by a European power.
Although the Ottoman borders were shrinking, the powers of the Ottoman caliph increased.
Around 1880 Sultan Abdul Hamid II reasserted the title as a way of countering the spread of European colonialism in Muslim lands.
By the eve of the First World War, the Ottoman state, despite its weakness vis-à-vis Europe, represented the largest and most powerful independent Islamic political entity.
But the sultan also enjoyed some authority beyond the borders of his shrinking empire as caliph of Muslims in Egypt, India and Central Asia.
Khilafat Movement, AD 1920
In the 1920s the Khilafat Movement, a movement to defend the Ottoman Caliphate, spread throughout the British colonial territories in Asia.
It was particularly strong in British India, where it formed a rallying point for Indian Muslims and was the one of the many anti-British Indian political movements to enjoy widespread support.
Its leaders included Maulana Mohammad Ali, his brother Shawkat Ali, and Abul Kalam Azad, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, and Hasrat Mohani.
For a time it worked in alliance with Hindu communities  and was supported by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi who was a member of the Central Khilafat Committee.
However, the movement lost its momentum after the arrest or flight of its leaders, and a series of offshoots splintered off from the main organization.
End of Caliphate, AD 1924
On March 3, 1924, the first President of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, as part of his reforms, constitutionally abolished the institution of the Caliphate.
Its powers within Turkey were transferred to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (parliament) of the newly formed Turkish Republic and the title has since been inactive.
In 2014 the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed the title but most Muslims did not accept it.
Famous caliphs
Abu Bakr - First Rashidun (Four Righteously Guided Caliphs) of the Sunnis.
Subdued rebel tribes in the Ridda wars.
Umar (Umar ibn al-Khattab) - Second Rashidun.
During his reign, the Islamic empire expanded to include Egypt, Jerusalem, and Persia.
Uthman Ibn Affan - Third Rashidun.
The Qur'an was compiled under his direction.
Killed by rebels.
Ali (Ali ibn Abu Talib) - Fourth and last Rashidun, and considered the first imam by Shi'a Muslims.
His reign was fraught with internal conflict.
Hasan ibn Ali - Fifth Caliph (considered as "rightly guided" by many Sunnis as well as Shias).
He ruled for six months only and handed the powers to Muawiyah I in order to unite the Muslims again.
Muawiyah I - First caliph of the Umayyad dynasty.
Muawiyah instituted dynastic rule by appointing his son Yazid I as his successor, a trend that would continue through subsequent caliphates.
Umar ibn AbdulAziz -  Umayyad caliph considered by some (mainly Sunnis) to be a sixth true and legitimate caliph under Islamic Laws of electing Caliph.
Harun al-Rashid - Abbasid caliph during whose reign Baghdad became the world's preeminent centre of trade, learning, and culture.
Harun is the subject of many stories in the famous work One Thousand and One Nights.
Suleiman the Magnificent - Early Ottoman Sultan during whose reign the Ottoman Empire reached its zenith.
Abdul Hamid II - The last Ottoman Sultan to rule with absolute power.
Abdülmecid II - The last Caliph of the Ottoman Dynasty, the 101st Caliph in line from Caliph Abu Bakr and nominally the 37th Head of the Ottoman Imperial House.
The theory of government in Islam , by The Internet Islamic University
Ottomanism, Pan-Islamism, and the Caliphate Discourse at the Turn of the 20th Century  American University in Cairo
Khilafat and Caliphate, By Mubasher Ahmad
Crone, Patricia & Hinds, Martin -- God's Caliph, Cambridge University Press, 1986
Donner, Fred -- The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton University Press, 1981
Amphisbaenians have features that link them to both lizards and snakes, but they have enough of their own features to be a separate suborder.
Amphisbaenians can live both above and below the ground.
Famililes
Amphisbaenidae
Bipedidae
Rhineuridae
Trogonphidae
Kafir, an Islamic term usually translated as unbeliever similar to the Christian word pagan or Hebrew word koffer.
The Nguni languages, called the Kaffa languages in the 19th century.
Fanagalo, a Zulu based pidgin language once referred to as Kitchen Kaffir.
Kaffraria or British Kaffraria, a former designation for King William's Town and East London, South Africa.
Kaffir boom, a species of tree in the Fabaceae family.
South African ethnic slur for a black person.
Thought to be borrowed from the language of the Cape Malay, who are an Islamic people.
Sri Lanka Kaffir people, an ethnic group
Sri Lanka Kaffir language, a creole spoken by that people
Kafiristan, the historic name for the Nuristan Province in Afghanistan
The Nuristani people descendants of the Hindukush Kafir people
The Nuristani languages once called Kafiiri or Kafiristani
Kafir harp
Kaffir lime, a variety of lime native to Indonesia also known as a makrut lime.
Kaffir lily, one of two flowers found in southern Africa
Hesperantha coccinea
Sunbeam Kaffir, an engine from the Sunbeam Car Company
Kefir or Kephir, a fermented milk drink from the Caucasus region
The Karen languages are tonal languages spoken by the Karen people.
They are part of the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
A non-profit web portal on the Karen peoples
The first and only Karen language news outlet online based in Mergui/Tavoy District of Kawthoolei
either of two circles of latitude:
Tropic of Cancer, at 23° 26' 22" N
Tropic of Capricorn, at 23° 26' 22" S
Tropics, referring to the tropical regions of the world.
Tropic, Florida, a town in the United States
Tropic, Utah, a town in the United States
SS Tropic (1871)
SS Tropic (1904)
Kikongo or Kongo is the Bantu language spoken by the Bakongo and Bandundu people in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo and Angola.
Ethnologue entry for the Kongo language
Kongo - English Dictionary
Latvian (), is the official state language of Latvia.
It is also called Lettish and Lettisch.
It is estimated, that there are 1.75 million native speakers in Latvia.
The Latvian alphabet has 33 letters.
The letters are based on the Latin alphabet.
Along with the Lithuanian language, Latvian is the only live Baltic language.
The Latvian Alphabet
Examples of Latvian words and phrases (with sound)
Latvian for beginners
ok-board.com  Latvian online transliteration
A wig is an artificial covering of hair.
The word is short for periwig and appeared in the English language around 1675.
Some people wear wigs to hide the fact that they are bald, which means they have very little or no scalp hair.
Actors often wear wigs to disguise their appearance or get into character.
In Britain and other Commonwealth nations, some public employees, such as judges and barristers, wear wigs.
The Neelum District () is one of the eight districts of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
Until recently it was part of Muzaffarabad District.
It is bounded by the Gilgit (Northern Areas) to the North, with Kupwara and Baramulla Districts of Jammu and Kashmir to the South and Southeast, Muzaffarabad District to the Southwest and Mansehra District to the West.
The district was badly affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake.
Athmuuqaam Tehsil
Sharda Tehsil
Pakistani Languages
Many languages are spoken in the district.
Hindko however, is the predominant language and is spoken mostly in the west, southwest and central regions.
Shina and Kashmiri are spoken in the Northeast towards the border with Baramulla and Astore District and also in the far north on the cease-fire Line with Diamir District.
Pashto is also spoken in a few villages on the Line of Conflict with Baramulla.
Map of Neelum
A backpack (also called rucksack, knapsack, packsack, pack, Haversack, or Bergen) is a bag put on somebody's back.
It usually has two straps that go over the shoulders.
It is used to carry things in it, and it often has many pockets or compartments to carry things.
People often use backpacks when camping, hiking, or other activity where they need to carry many things.
Backpacks are also be used in the military by soldiers.
When used in school the are called bookbags or school bags.
Large backpacks, used to carry loads over 10 kg (22 lbs), and smaller sports backpacks, usually offload the biggest part of their weight onto padded hip belts.
This leaves the shoulder straps mainly for keeping the load in place.
This makes it easier to carry heavy loads, because the hips are stronger than the shoulders.
It also improves agility and balance, because the load lies closer to the center of mass of the person wearing it.
In the distant past, backpacks were used to carry hunters' larger catches.
If the hunts were even larger, the hunters would butcher their prey into pieces and hand out the pieces to other hunters.
The hunters would then carry smaller pieces separately.
The bag would be made up of animal skin and sewn together by animal intestines.
They would then be woven together tightly to make a firm material.
Most backpacks can be closed with a buckle, a zipper, or a dry-bag type closure.
A backpack may or may not have a pack frame.
If it does not, it is frameless.
If it has a frame, it may be external or internal.
A pack frame supports the pack and scatters its weight across the body.
Most of the weight is taken off the shoulders.
This way, users are less often injured, and the upper body moves freely.
The simplest backpack design is a bag fixed to two shoulder straps.
The simplest designs consist of one main pocket.
This can be combined with webbing or cordage straps.
More complicated models add extra pockets, straps, and padding.
Sometimes they have reflective materials for safety at night.
These packs are usually cheap to make.
They are not suited for heavy loads.
External frame packs
External frame packs were designed to carry heavy loads (>20 kg or 40 lb).
This gives the wearer more support and protection and distributes weight better.
Wooden pack frames were used for a long time around the world.
Ötzi the Iceman may have used one in Copper Age Alpine Italy.
But some archaeologists think the frame found with the body was part of a snowshoe.
These packs are common in military and mountaineering.
Metal packs first appeared in the mid-20th century.
The frame of an external frame pack is made from aluminum or other light material.
It also has straps and a stretched netting which keeps the metal frame off the user's back.
External frame packs have a fabric "sack" part which is usually smaller than the sack of internal frame packs.
Nevertheless, they have exposed frame portions above and below the sack to make it easier to hold larger items.
In addition, the sack can often be removed entirely.
This lets the user change the arrangement of his load, or to move an unusual load.
Military packs are often external frame designs because they can carry loads of different shapes, sizes and weights.
Internal frame packs
The internal frame backpack is a recent creation, invented in 1967 by Greg Lowe.
An internal-frame pack has a large fabric part around an internal frame.
The frame is made with strips of aluminum, titanium or plastic.
A number of straps work with the frame to balance the weight and hold it in place.
The internal frame lets the pack fit closely to the wearer's back, which is good when the wearer is doing something that involves upper-body movement.
However, the tight fit makes it hard for the skin to breathe, so the user's back often becomes sweaty.
The internal design also makes a large storage compartment.
Lash points are few, and since the frame is integrated, it is hard to securely attach larger and heavier items to the outside.
Internal frame packs originally had smaller load carrying ability and less comfortable fit during walking, but 21st century ones are better.
In addition, because of their fit, the better internal frame models have replaced external frame backpacks for many activities.
Gilgit Baltistan (), previously known as the Northern Areas, is the northern-most autonomous territory of Pakistan.
It is Indian territorry occupied by Pakistan.
In terms of land area it is bigger than Sierra Leone but smaller than Panama.
It was part of the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu in 1800s and later leased to British eventually liberated after a planned liberation movement led by Gilgit Scouts.
It borders Azad Jammu and Kashmir in the south Indian-administered Kashmir in southeast where KPK province of Pakistan to the west, and internationally borders Afghanistan to the north, although Tajikistan is separated by fourteen kilometres via Wakhan Corridor, the People's Republic of China to the northeast.
Gilgit Baltistan, which became a single administrative unit in 1970, was formed from the amalgamation of the Gilgit Agency, the Baltistan District of the Ladakh Wazarat, and the states of Hunza and Nagar.
Gilgit Baltistan remains part of the Kashmir dispute.
The Government of Pakistan since Independence regards the entire area of Jammu and Kashmir as "territory in dispute" to be resolved by a plebiscite to be held throughout the former state in order to determine the area's final accession to either India or merger with Pakistan.
Gilgit Baltistan is governed by a Governor and a Chief minister, the latter elected by a legislative assembly.
Gilgit Baltistan covers 64,817 km² (28,174 mi²).
Gilgit Baltistan historically belonged to the erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Soon after the partition of India in 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir signed the Instrument of Accession, thereby acceding to the Indian Union.
Hence, whole Kashmir is legitimately an inherent part of India.
This territory has been under Pakistan’s unlawful control ever since the Pakistan Army orchestrated the tribal invasion of the territory in October 1947.
The regions of Baltistan, and Ladakh (including Kargil) and Chitral are also considered to be a part of Balawaristan by nationalist parties of Gilgit.
The peoples' do not consider areas of Gilgit and Baltistan to be legally or constitutionally part of Pakistan or India.
Nor do they regard neighboring regions of Ladakh wazarat to be legitimately part of India or Pakistan.
They demand freedom not just for regions within Pakistan, but also Indian held areas.
They also assert that as per UNCIP resolutions, (Pakistan and India) must withdraw their occupational armed forces and handover the control of the disputed region to the people of Gilgit Baltistan, under the supervision of the United Nations, until a final settlement of the whole Jammu and Kashmir issue is reached, as per a United Nations sponsored plebiscite that would be held in both Pakistan and Indian-administered Kashmir."
Semi-autonomous status and present-day Gilgit-Baltistan
On 29 August 2009, the Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order 2009, was passed by the Pakistani cabinet and later signed by the country's President.
The order granted self-rule to the people of the former Northern Areas, now renamed Gilgit-Baltistan, by creating, among other things, an elected legislative assembly.
There has been criticism and opposition to this move in Pakistan, India, and Gilgit-Baltistan.
In early September 2009, Pakistan signed an agreement with the People's Republic of China for a mega energy project in Gilgit-Baltistan which includes the construction of a 7,000-megawatt dam at Bunji in the Astore District.
This also resulted in protest from India, although Indian concerns were immediately rejected by Pakistan, which claimed that the Government of India has no locus standi in the matter.
On 29 September 2009, the Pakistani Prime Minister, while addressing a huge gathering in Gilgit-Baltistan, announced a multi-billion rupee development package aimed at the socio-economic uplifting of people in the area.
Development projects will include the areas of education, health, agriculture, tourism and the basic needs of life.
"You are getting your identity today.
It is your right and has been your demand, and today we are fulfilling it."
Gilgit–Baltistan thus gained de facto province-like status without constitutionally becoming part of Pakistan.
The official poistion of Pakistan has rejected Gilgit–Baltistani calls for integration with Pakistan on the grounds that it would prejudice its international obligations with regard to the Kashmir dispute.
The Government of Gilgit Baltistan also known as the State Government of the Northern Areas, is the highest governing authority of the territory and its 10 districts.
It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Gilgit Baltistan, a judiciary and a legislative branch.
Like other provinces in Pakistan, the head of state of Gilgit Baltistan is the governor.
The governor is chosen by the President of Pakistan on the advice of the central government.
The governor's post is largely ceremonial.
It does not have much power.
The Chief Minister is the head of government and is holds most of the executive powers.
The Gilgit Baltistan Legislative Assembly is a 33-seat unicameral legislative body.
It was formed as part of the Gilgit–Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order, 2009.
This order gave the region self-rule and an elected legislative assembly.
Before this, the region had been directly ruled from Islamabad.
Districts of Gilgit Baltistan
Astore District - (Diamir Division)
Diamir District - (Diamir Division)
Ghanche District - (Baltistan  Division)
Ghizar District - (Gilgit Division)
Gilgit District - (Gilgit Division)
Hunza District - (Gilgit Division)
Nagar District - (Gilgit Division)
Skardu District - (Baltistan  Division)
Shigar District - (Baltistan  Division)
Kharmang District - (Baltistan  Division)
Gilgi-Baltistan is home to five of the "eight-thousanders" and to more than fifty peaks above 7000 meters.
Gilgit and Skardu are the two main hubs for expeditions to those mountains.
The region is home to some of the world's highest mountain ranges—the main ranges are the Karakoram Mountains and the western Himalayas.
The Pamir mountains are to the north, and the Hindu Kush lies to the west.
Amongst the highest mountains are K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen) and Nanga Parbat, the latter being one of the most feared mountains in the world.
The Deosai Plains are located above the tree line, and constitute the second-highest plateau in the world at 4,115 meters (14,500 feet) after the Chinese region of Tibet.
The plateau lies east of Astore, south of Skardu and west of Ladakh.
The area was declared as a national park in 1993.
The Deosai Plains cover an area of almost 5,000 square kilometres.
For over half the year (between September and May), Deosai is snow-bound and cut off from rest of Astore & Baltistan in winters.
The village of Deosai lies close to Chilum chokki and is connected with the Kargil District of Ladakh in the Kashmir disputed region through an all-weather road.
1974 establishments in Asia
The Great American Bash was the fifth yearly Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
It took place on July 20, 2008 at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York and featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown!,
The official theme song for the event is "Move To The Music" by American Bang.
The main feud going into the Great American Bash on the SmackDown brand was between Triple H and Edge, with the two feuding over the WWE Championship.
On the July 4 edition of SmackDown, General Manager Vickie Guerrero announced that the two would compete against each other in a match for the WWE Championship at The Great American Bash.
Official Great American Bash website
2008 in New York (state)
Euarchontoglires (synonymous with Supraprimates) is a taxonomic superorder, within Placentalia.
It includes the rodents and the primates.
Exafroplacentalia
Boreoeutheria
Rodentia - rodents
Lagomorpha - rabbits, hares and pikas
Dermoptera - colugos
Primatomorpha
Scandentia - treeshrews
Primates - monkeys, apes and humans
Thomas Brezina (born January 30, 1963, in Vienna) is an Austrian writer of children's books.
He is famous for his series The Knickerbocker Gang and his stories about the talking bike Tom Turbo.
Music and other sound
Low frequency part of the sound spectrum (see also Low Frequency Effects, (LFE))
Bass (sound), describing bass in terms of tone and musicality
Double bass, the largest and lowest pitched bowed string instrument
Electric upright bass, the electric version of a double bass
Bass guitar, generally with a solid body
Acoustic bass guitar, with a hollow body
Bass drum, a large drum
Tuba, often called "the bass" in the context of brass instruments
Bass clarinet a clarinet with a lower sound
Bass cornett, a low pitched wind instrument
Bass flute, an instrument one octave lower than a flute
Bass sarrusophone, a low pitched double reed instrument
Bass saxophone
Musical genres
Drum and bass, a type of electronic dance music
Miami bass, a type of hip hop music
Ghettotech, or Detroit Bass, a form of electronic dance music
Techno Bass, a blend of Miami bass and Detroit techno
Drill 'n bass, a form of electronic dance music
Other musical areas
Bass (vocal range), a male singer who sings in the deepest vocal range
Figured bass, a kind of integer musical notation
F clef or bass clef
Bass note, the lowest note in a chord
Bassline, an instrumental part which is in the bass range
"Basses", is the third movement of Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells 2003 album
People with the surname Bass
Bass (surname)
Bass Rock, wildlife sanctuary off the coast of Scotland
Bass, Victoria, a town in Australia
Division of Bass, a federal electoral division, in Australia
Division of Bass (state), state electoral division, in Australia
Bass Strait, in Australia
Bass Pyramid, island in Bass Strait
Basses, Vienne a Commune of the Vienne department in France
Bass, West Virginia
Bass River (disambiguation)
Bass (fish), various freshwater and saltwater species
Bass (beer), a British brand of beer
Beneath a Steel Sky, a videogame
Bass diffusion model, a mathematical marketing model
Bass (Mega Man), a character in the video game Mega Man
Bass Armstrong, a character from the video game Dead or Alive
G. H. Bass, a shoemaker, especially of loafers
Bass Anglers Sportsmen Society (B.A.S.S.)
Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality.
It is part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics.
Some philosophers, of the Platonic school, say that all nouns (including abstract nouns) refer to actual entities.
Other philosophers contend that nouns do not always name entities.
They think some are a kind of shorthand for a collection of either objects or events.
In this view, mind, instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of mental events experienced by a person.
Society refers to a collection of persons with some shared characteristics, and geometry refers to a collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity.
Between these poles, called realism and nominalism, are other positions.
Any ontology must give an account of which words refer to entities, which do not, why, and what categories result.
Turkish Airlines, in Turkish Türk Hava Yolları is the national airline of Turkey.
In 2012 Turkish Airlines carried 39.0 million passengers.
Turkish Airlines flies a lot of destinion inside Turkey and lots of point in the world.
Turkish Airlines Destinations
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Congo D.R.
Congo Republic
Ciscaucasia
Companies of Turkey
Pegasus airlines is a Turkish airline company based in Turkey.
Pegasus Airlines flies to 100 destinations in 17 countries.
Ethiopian Airlines is an airline based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
It is the national airline of Ethiopia, operating scheduled international passenger and freight services to 80 destinations world-wide, as well as domestic services to 28 destinations and passenger and cargo charter flights.
Its main hub is Bole International Airport, Addis Ababa.
Ethiopian Airlines began on December 30, 1945.
It was set up by Emperor Haile Selassie.
It has codeshare agreements with South African Airways, Lufthansa, TAAG Air Angola, Gulf Air, Air One, Brussels Airlines, British Midland Airways Limited, Rwanda Air, and Saudi Arabian Airways.
Airlines of Africa
Sellapan Ramanathan (Tamil: செல்லப்பன் ராமநாதன்; (July 3, 1924 – August 22, 2016) was the sixth President of the Republic of Singapore.
Often referred to as S. R. Nathan, he became president on September 1, 1999.
By then the young Nathan had returned to where he was born, Singapore, to live with an uncle, and received his early education in several Anglo-Chinese Schools, such as the Rangoon Road Afternoon School, and later Victoria School.
He started working before completing his studies.
During the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, Nathan worked for the Japanese civilian police as a translator.
After the war, while working, he completed his secondary education through self-study, and entered the University of Malaya (then in Singapore) where he graduated in 1954 with a Diploma in Social Studies (Distinction).
Becoming President
His nomination was strongly supported by Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew (then holding the post of Senior Minister).
He succeeded the 5th President of Singapore Ong Teng Cheong and was sworn in on September 1, 1999.
On 12 July 2005 Nathan announced that he was seeking re-election as President.
He applied to the Presidential Elections Committee; by 6 August 2005 three more people had also submitted forms, but on 13 August the Committee said that the other three applicants had been rejected as unsuitable.
Nathan became the president of Singapore on 17 August.
He became president for the second time on 1 September 2005.
His term ends on 31 August 2011, after which a new President must be elected.
He was replaced by Tony Tan Keng Yam after the 2011 Presidential Elections in Singapore.
Nathan suffered a stroke on the morning of July 31, 2016 and was taken to Singapore General Hospital's Intensive Care Unit.
He died in hospital on August 22, 2016 at 9:48 pm SST, aged 92.
He was survived by his wife Urmila Nandey (known as Umi), their daughter Juthika and son Osith, three grandchildren, and his sister Sundari.
'President's tip on Ageing: Don't Think About It.'
Straits Times.
19 October, 2007.
Office of the President of the Republic of Singapore
Presidents of Singapore
Asian translators
Singlish is a language used mostly in Singapore.
It is the first language of many younger Singaporeans, especially those whose parents do not share a native language or dialect, and is the second language of nearly all the rest of the country's residents.
The vocabulary of Singlish consists of words originating from English, Malay (mainly Bahasa Melayu rather than Indonesian), Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese, Tamil and to a lesser extent various other European, Indic and Sinitic languages, while Singlish syntax resembles southern varieties of Chinese.
Also, elements of American and Australian slang have come through from imported television series.
To date, other Asian languages like Japanese, Korean and other lesser known Chinese dialects such as Shanghainese have also been incorporated into Singlish.
Recently, due to the fact that Mandarin is taught to all Singaporean Chinese in school, Mandarin words have also found their way into Singlish.
Singlish is a creole of English.
The Singaporean government currently discourages the use of Singlish in favour of Singapore Standard English as it believes in the need for Singaporeans to be able to effectively communicate with the other English users in the world.
The government runs the Speak Good English Movement to emphasise the point.
Singapore Speak Good English Movement
The Coxford Singlish Dictionary @ Talkingcock.com
A Dictionary of Singlish and Singapore English
Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish)
An Annotated Bibliography of Works on Singapore English
The NIE Corpus of Spoken Singapore English
The Lim Siew Lwee Corpus of Informal Singapore Speech
Taiwanese Celebrities Criticize Singaporean English
The 1995–96 NHL season was the 79th regular season of the National Hockey League.
Twenty-six teams each played 82 games.
The Stanley Cup winners were the Colorado Avalanche.
They swept the Florida Panthers in four games.
This was the first year the team was named Avalanche.
League Business
[[Image:Hhof stanley cup.jpg|right|175px|thumb|The Stanley Cup]]
Scoring leadersNote:''' GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points
Kyle McLaren, Boston Bruins
Jay McKee, Buffalo Sabres
Martin Biron, Buffalo Sabres
Jarome Iginla*, Calgary Flames
Stephane Yelle, Colorado Avalanche
Jere Lehtinen, Dallas Stars
Miroslav Satan, Edmonton Oilers
Ed Jovanovski, Florida Panthers
Jeff O'Neill, Hartford Whalers
Sami Kapanen, Hartford Whalers
Darcy Tucker, Montreal Canadiens
Jose Theodore, Montreal Canadiens
Saku Koivu, Montreal Canadiens
Patrik Elias, New Jersey Devils
Petr Sykora, New Jersey Devils
Steve Sullivan, New Jersey Devils
Bryan McCabe, New York Islanders
Todd Bertuzzi, New York Islanders
Daniel Alfredsson, Ottawa Senators
Daymond Langkow, Tampa Bay Lightning
Andrew Brunette, Washington Capitals
Brendan Witt, Washington Capitals
Cam Neely, Boston Bruins
Alexei Kasatonov, Boston Bruins
Troy Murray, Colorado Avalanche
Paul Cavallini, Dallas Stars
Jimmy Carson, Hartford Whalers
Glenn Anderson, St. Louis Blues
Greg Gilbert, St. Louis Blues
Jim Sandlak, Vancouver Canucks
1996 Trading Deadline
Trading Deadline: MARCH 20, 1996
March 20, 1996: C Jesse Belanger traded from Florida to Vancouver for Vancouver's 3rd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft and future considerations.
March 20, 1996: LW Ken Baumgartner traded from Toronto to Anaheim for Winnipeg's 4th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft (previously acquired).
March 20, 1996: D J-J Daigneault traded from St. Louis to Pittsburgh for Pittsburgh's 6th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: LW Kevin Miller traded from San Jose to Pittsburgh for Pittsburgh's 5th round choice in 1996 Entry Draft and future considerations.
March 20, 1996: LW Pat Conacher and Calgary's 6th round pick in 1997 Entry Draft traded from Calgary to NY Islanders for C Bob Sweeney.
March 20, 1996: RW Kirk Maltby traded from Edmonton to Detroit for D Dan McGillis.
March 20, 1996: D Jaroslav Modry and Ottawa's 8th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft traded from Ottawa to Los Angeles for RW Kevin Brown.
March 20, 1996: LW Patrick Poulin, D Igor Ulanov and Chicago's 2nd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft traded from Chicago to Tampa Bay for D Enrico Ciccone and Tampa Bay's 2nd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: LW Yuri Khmylev and Buffalo's 8th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft traded from Buffalo to St. Louis for D Jean-Luc Grand Pierre, Ottawa's 2nd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft (previously acquired) and St. Louis' 3rd round pick in 1997 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: C Dave Hannan traded from Buffalo to Colorado for Colorado's 6th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: RW Alek Stojanov traded from Vancouver to Pittsburgh for RW Markus Naslund.
March 20, 1996: RW Ravil Gusmanov traded from Winnipeg to Chicago for Chicago's 4th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: RW Joe Kocur traded from NY Rangers to Vancouver for G Kay Whitmore.
The Singapore Dollar is the official currency or money of Singapore.
The symbol of the Singapore Dollar when written is $.
1 Singapore Dollar is divided into 100 cents.
There are 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1000 and 10,000 dollar notes and 5¢, 10¢, 20¢, 50¢, and $1 coins in use.
Ways of writing
$1 - means one dollar
S$ 1 - means one Singapore dollar
SGD 1 - means one Singapore dollar without the dollar sign (used most in foreign exchanges)
However, the Singapore Dollar can also be used in Brunei due to an agreement signed between the Singapore government and the Brunei government.
Both the Singapore Dollar (SGD) and the Brunei Dollar (BND) are accepted in stores of Singapore and Brunei.
Economy of Singapore
Shortwave radio is a name for radio waves in the range of 3-30 megahertz.
Shortwave is often used for broadcasting, and radio receivers made to tune in those broadcasts are sometimes called shortwave radios.
The earth's ionosphere carries radio waves in this range over great distances, and signals can travel around the globe under certain conditions.
This makes it possible for radio stations all over the world to broadcast to listeners in faraway countries.