the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It is caused by the city's tectonic plates and rough ground geography and since Los Angeles is at a close distance with the San Andreas Fault.
This brings Los Angeles and San Francisco 2.5 inches closer together each year.
The climate in Los Angeles is a Mediterranean climate.
The weather is usually warm and dry during the summer, and it is mild and more rainy in the winter.
The weather is different depending on how far away from the ocean you are, so places near the beach usually do not get as hot in the summer.
It is very rare for temperatures to go below freezing.
The city receives about 15 inches (386 mm) of rain each year, although the amount can change a lot from year to year.
L.A. has many famous sights.
There are many very long beaches, such as Venice Beach.
Many visitors go to Hollywood, home to the Hollywood Walk of Fame  the Mann's (Grauman's) Chinese Theater, a large cinema and L.A. Live, an entertainment complex.
Los Angeles also has many fine museums such as the L.A. County Museum of Art, California Science Center and the Getty Museum.
Another sight is the Los Angeles City Zoo.
Los Angeles is the only major city in the world with an active population of wild mountain lions.
Los Angeles is known for its large movie and television industry.
Much of this is located in Hollywood.
Some military aircraft are also made there, as well as spacecraft.
The music industry is also concentrated in the area.
The city is also a banking center.
The San Pedro area has a busy port.
Hollywood, home of many well-known movie studios.
Downtown Los Angeles, the financial centre of the city.
Home to Los Angeles' and California's two tallest buildings, the Wilshire Grand Center and the U.S. Bank Tower
Elysian Park, home of Dodger Stadium and previously Chavez Ravine.
Venice Beach.
Santa Monica, beachfront district.
Inglewood, home of SoFi Stadium and The Forum.
Brentwood, a very wealthy area in West Los Angeles.
South L.A. the center of LA's African-American jazz scene
Leimert Park, home to LA’s historic African-American museums.
Crenshaw, a well-known district in South Los Angeles.
University Park, home to the University of Southern California.
Westwood, home to the University of California.
Boyle Heights, where many Mexican Americans reside.
Exposition Park, home to the University of Southern California, the Coliseum, Banc of California Stadium and  the California Science Center are located
San Fernando Valley, a large suburban area.
San Pedro, where the Port of Los Angeles is located in the city.
Los Angeles has a rich history and culture of popular music.
Many of the most notable recording artists in the history of the United States either started or flourished in Los Angeles or Greater Los Angeles.
The surf music scene is largely associated with Los Angeles and suburbs like Malibu.
Motown Records moved from Detroit, Michigan to Los Angeles in the 1970s.
The West Coast Hip-hop scene and genres such as G-funk are largely centered in Greater Los Angeles.
The Mamas & the Papas
Guns 'n' Roses
Sublime (nearby Long Beach)
The Wallflowers
County seats in California
1781 establishments in North America
18th-century establishments in California
A census is a way of getting information about every member of a population.
It is usually used for a population of people, but can be used to mean a population of animals.
Both the United States and United Kingdom have a census every 10 years, or decade.
But in Australia, Canada, Japan and New Zealand they have it every 5 years.
Statistics Bureau of Japan - Official website
A star is a very large ball of bright glowing hot matter in space.
That matter is called plasma.
Stars are held together by gravity.
They give out heat and light because they are very hot.
The Sun is a star at the centre of the solar system.
The amount of material in a star (its mass) is so huge that it starts a nuclear reaction going.
The reaction changes hydrogen to helium and gives off heat.
Stars like the Sun are hot because this nuclear reaction happens inside them.
The reaction is called nuclear fusion.
Nuclear fusion makes light and heat and makes bigger chemical elements.
In the Sun (but not all stars) the change which takes place is the production of helium, with minute (very small) amounts of heavier elements.
Stars have a lot of hydrogen.
Nuclear fusion changes hydrogen into helium.
Fusion makes a lot of energy.
The energy makes the star very hot.
The energy produced by stars moves (radiates) away from them.
Much of the energy leaves as light.
The rest leaves as other kinds of electromagnetic radiation.
When a star like the Sun gets old, it will expand in size and become a red giant star.
That will happen in about a billion years' time (109 years).
Earth's Sun
The star nearest to Earth is the Sun.
The energy from the Sun supports almost all life on Earth by providing light for plants.
Plants turn the light into energy in a process called photosynthesis.
The energy from the Sun also causes weather and humidity on Earth.
We can see other stars in the night sky when the Sun goes down.
Like the Sun, they are made mostly of hydrogen and a little bit of helium plus other elements.
Astronomers often compare those other stars to the Sun.
For example, their mass is given in solar masses.
A small star may be 0.2 solar masses, a big one 4.0 solar masses.
The Earth and other planets move around (orbit) the Sun.
The Sun and all things that orbit the Sun are called the Solar System.
Many other stars have planets orbiting them: those planets are called exoplanets.
If you were on an exoplanet, our Sun would look like a star in the sky, but you could not see the Earth because it would be too far away.
Numbers, distances
Proxima Centauri is the star that is closest to our Sun.
It is 39.9 trillion kilometres away.
This is 4.2 light years away.
This means that light from Proxima Centauri takes 4.2 years to reach Earth.
Astronomers think there is a very large number of stars in the Universe.
That is, 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 stars, which is many times more than the few hundred billion stars in the Milky Way (our galaxy).
Most stars are very old.
They are usually thought to be between 1 billion and 10 billion years old.
The oldest stars are 13.7 billion years old.
That is as old as the Universe.
Some young stars are only a few million years old.
Young stars are mostly brighter than old ones.
Stars are different sizes.
The smallest stars are neutron stars, which are actually dead stars.
They are no bigger than a city.
A neutron star has a large amount of mass in a very small space.
Hypergiant stars are the largest stars in the Universe.
They have a diameter over 1,500 times bigger than the Sun.
If the Sun was a hypergiant star, it would reach out to as far as Jupiter.
The star Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star.
Although these stars are very large, they also have low density.
Some stars look brighter than other stars.
This difference is measured in terms of apparent magnitude.
There are two reasons why stars have different apparent magnitude.
If a star is very close to us it will appear much brighter.
This is just like a candle.
A candle that is close to us appears brighter.
The other reason a star can appear brighter is that it is hotter than another cooler star.
Stars give off light but also give off a solar wind and neutrinos.
These are very small particles of matter.
Stars are made of mass and mass makes gravity.
Gravity makes planets orbit stars.
This is why the Earth orbits the Sun.
The gravity of two stars can make them go around each other.
Stars that orbit each other are called binary stars.
Scientists think there are many binary stars.
There are even groups of three or more stars that orbit each other.
Proxima Centauri is a small star that orbits other stars.
Stars are not spread evenly across all of space.
They are grouped into galaxies.
A galaxy contains hundreds of billions of stars.
History of seeing stars
Stars have been important to people all over the world for all of history.
Stars have been part of religious practices.
Long ago, people believed that stars could never die.
Astronomers organized stars into groups called constellations.
They used the constellations to help them see the motion of the planets and to guess the position of the Sun.
The motion of the Sun and the stars was used to make calendars.
The calendars were used by farmers to decide when to plant crops and when to harvest them.
The life of stars
Stars are made in nebulae.
These are areas that have more gas than normal space.
The gas in a nebula is pulled together by gravity.
The Orion nebula is an example of a place where gas is coming together to form stars.
Stars spend most of their lives combining (fusing) hydrogen with hydrogen to make energy.
When hydrogen is fused it makes helium and it makes a lot of energy.
To fuse hydrogen into helium it must be very hot and the pressure must be very high.
Fusion happens at the center of stars, called "the core".
The smallest stars (red dwarfs) fuse their hydrogen slowly and live for 100 billion years.
Red dwarfs live longer than any other type of star.
At the end of their lives, they become dimmer and dimmer.
Red dwarfs do not explode.
When very heavy stars die, they explode.
This explosion is called a supernova.
When a supernova happens in a nebula, the explosion pushes the gas in the nebula together.
This makes the gas in the nebula very dense (thick) .
Gravity and exploding stars both help to bring the gas together to make new stars in nebulas.
Most stars use up the hydrogen at their core.
When they do, their core becomes smaller and becomes hotter.
It becomes so hot it pushes away the outer part of the star.
The outer part expands and it makes a red giant star.
Astro-physicists think that in about 5 billion years, the Sun will be a red giant.
Our Sun will be so large it will eat the Earth.
After our Sun stops using hydrogen to make energy, it will use helium in its very hot core.
It will be hotter than when it was fusing hydrogen.
Heavy stars will also make elements heavier than helium.
As a star makes heavier and heavier elements, it makes less and less energy.
Iron is a heavy element made in heavy stars.
Our star is an average star.
Average stars will push away their outer gases.
The gas it pushes away makes a cloud called a planetary nebula.
The core part of the star will remain.
It will be a ball as big as the Earth and called a white dwarf.
It will fade into a black dwarf over a very long time.
Later in large stars,  heavier elements are made by fusion.
Finally the star makes a supernova explosion.
Most things happen in the universe so slowly we do not notice.
But supernova explosions happen in only 100 seconds.
When a supernova explodes its flash is as bright as a 100 billion stars.
The dying star is so bright it can be seen during the day.
Supernova means "new star" because people used to think it was the beginning of a new star.
Today we know that a supernova is the death of an old star.
The gas of the star is pushed away by the explosion.
It forms a giant cloud of gas called a planetary nebula.
The crab nebula is a good example.
All that remains is a neutron star.
If the star was very heavy, the star will make a black hole.
Gravity in a black hole is extremely strong.
It is so strong that even light cannot escape from a black hole.
The heaviest elements are made in the explosion of a supernova.
After billions of years of floating in space, the gas and dust come together to make new stars and new planets.
Much of the gas and dust in space comes from supernovae.
Our Sun, the Earth, and all living things are made from star dust.
Astronomers have known for centuries that stars have different colors.
When looking at an electromagnetic spectrum, ultraviolet waves are the shortest, and infrared are the longest.
The visible spectrum has wavelengths between these two extremes.
Modern instruments can measure very precisely the color of a star.
This allows astronomers to determine that star's temperature, because a hotter star's black-body radiation has shorter wavelengths.
The hottest stars are blue and violet, then white, then yellow, and the coolest are red.
Knowing the color and absolute magnitude, astronomers can place the star on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, and estimate its habitable zone and other facts about it.
For example, our Sun is white, and the Earth is the perfect distance away for life.
If our Sun was a hotter, blue star, however, Earth would have to be much farther away or else it would be too hot to have water and sustain life.
View the stars above your location
This article lists the 50 states of the United States.
It also lists their populations, the date they became a state or agreed to the United States Declaration of Independence, their total area, land area, water area, and the number of representatives in the United States House of Representatives.
Washington D.C., (Washington, District of Columbia) is a federal district and capital of the United States and is not considered a state.
The United States also has sovereignty over 14 other territories.
Map of the U.S States
Click on any state to learn more about that state.
Driving under the influence, the act of driving a motor vehicle (car, truck, etc.)
while under the effects of alcohol.
Data Use Identifier
Data Use Institute
Davis Unified Ignition
Diving Unlimited International Inc
Documento Unico de Importación
Duke University Improv
Drunk driving (Drink driving in the UK and Australia) is the act of driving a motor vehicle (car, truck, etc.)
Drunk driving is illegal in most areas of the world.
In some places, driving a motorless vehicle such as a bicycle while drunk is also illegal.
Most areas that make laws (jurisdictions) started with DWI (driving while intoxicated) laws, banning just alcohol.
Later, most changed them to DUI (driving under the influence) laws, adding other drugs to those banned while driving.
The most common blood alcohol content (BAC) limit in the United States is 0.08% for the legal meaning of drunk.
Only three states still use the more lax, original standard of 0.10%.
Many jurisdictions add extra penalties (more jail time and/or a longer DUI program) in cases where the driver's BAC is over 0.20%.
United States laws
The first place in the United States to adopt laws against drunk driving was the state of New York in 1910, with California (1911) and others doing the same later.
Early laws simply banned driving while drunk, with no mention of what BAC was banned (which means how drunk the person is).
The state of Georgia was one of the last states to make laws against drunk driving.
One of the years with the most alcohol related crashes was 1982.
The year 1982 had 26,173 alcohol related deaths due to drunk driving.
Types of crime
Their website allows copyright holders to give some of their rights to any other people.
They still keep some other rights.
They do this through licenses and contracts.
Some of these make the work public domain or open content.
They do this because copyright law can stop people sharing information.
The project has different free licenses.
A person who has copyright can choose which one they want to use when they publish their work.
They also provide RDF/XML metadata.
These say what the licenses are and make it easier to automatically sort out and find work that has these licenses.
They also provide a 'Founder's Copyright' contract.
This aims to give the same effects as the original US Copyright did.
Lawrence Lessig is the founder and chairman of Creative Commons.
Lessig started it as a way of reaching the goals of his Supreme Court case, Eldred v. Ashcroft.
The iCommons (International Commons) is one of the Creative Commons projects.
They improve the wording of the licenses and make them usable in other countries.
The first ones dealt with US law only.
As of February 4, 2004, Canada, the People's Republic of China, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, the Republic of China (Taiwan), the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom have joined this project.
Article on the Creative Commons License on the English Wikipedia
The creativecommons.org website
A short Flash animation talking about Creative Commons
International Commons: Creative Commons initiatives outside the United States.
Non-profit organizations of California
2001 establishments in California
Companies based in San Francisco
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a type of markup language.
It is used to make webpages.
Webpages can include writing, links, pictures, and even sound and video.
HTML tells web browsers what webpages should look like.
HTML also adds meta information to webpages.
Meta information is information about about a webpage e.g., the name of the person who created the page.
Web browsers usually do not show meta information.
HTML is often used with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript.
CSS is used to change the way HTML looks.
JavaScript tells websites how to behave.
It can also change HTML and CSS.
HTML is made by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
There are many versions of HTML.
As of September 2018, the current standard of HTML is called HTML 5 and is specifically at version 5.2.
HTML uses "elements" to let the browser know how a webpage is made of.
Elements are shown as "tags" in the code, written with angle brackets: .
Tags usually come in pairs: an opening tag defines the start of a block of content and a closing tag defines the end of that block of content.
There are many kinds of tags, and each one has a different purpose.
See Basic HTML Tags below for tag examples.
Some tags only work in certain browsers.
For example, the <menuitem> tag, which is used to make something appear when the person presses the right button of the mouse, only works on the Mozilla Firefox browser.
Other browsers simply ignore this tag and display the writing normally.
Many web page creators avoid using these "non-standard" tags because they want their pages to look the same with all browsers.
Here is an example page in HTML with "Hello world!".<!DOCTYPE html>
<title>Hi!</title>
<p>Hello world!</p>
</html>The text between  and  describes the web page, and the text between  and  is the page content.
defines the browser page title.
Example HTML tags
elementtutorials – for learning code for free and building projects
HTML Dog is a site that helps new writers write good, simple HTML and make it look good with CSS.
w3schools – a site of web technology tutorials
infobing – Best Tech Information html css
MDN HTML page – another page for HTML learning
Real time html editor - Edit HTML Code Directly in browser with realtime preview
HTML Programing Language-  For learning HTML with tutorial
Designing in Figma – Learning Designing in Figma
Markup languages
A leg is something used to support things; to hold them up.
Birds and humans have two legs.
Some objects, for example tables and chairs, also have legs to hold them up.
Animals normally have 2 or 4 legs (vertebrates, which are animals with a backbone), or 6, 8, or 12 (arthropods, for example insects and spiders).
Centipedes and millipedes have a lot more legs, but not exactly a hundred or a thousand as their names make people who do not know them think.
Humans have 2 legs, complete with feet.
Biped is an animal with two legs and quadruped is an animal with four legs.
you do not have a leg to stand on (that means "you have no support; you have no chance in this discussion")
to leg it (to run)
to pull someone's leg (to play a little joke on someone for fun by trying to make them believe something that is not true)
Limbs and extremities
Primary sector extracts natural materials and provides raw materials for secondary industry.
Sd transmission of
India is the fastest growing large economy in the world, with an enormous population, favourable demographics and high catch-up potential due to low initial GDP per head.
As per the World Bank data, in 2017, India became the sixth largest economy with a GDP of USD 2.59 trillion, relegating France to the seventh position.
India is likely to surpass the United Kingdom in the world's largest economy rankings in 2019, according to a report by global consultancy firm PwC.
According to World Economic Outlook report of IMF, India's economy is expected to grow by 7.5 per cent in the 2019-20 fiscal year, keeping an upward trajectory as the rest of the world slumps.
According to report "India's economy is poised to pick up in 2019, benefiting from lower oil prices and a slower pace of monetary tightening than previously expected, as inflation pressures ease," the report said.
As per Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), the growth in GDP during 2018-19 is estimated at 7.2 percent as compared to the growth rate of 6.7 per cent in 2017-18.
Economic Sectors
Economic activities result in the production of goods and services while sectors are the group of economic activities classified on the basis of some criteria.
The Indian economy can be classified into various sectors on the basis of ownership, working conditions and the nature of the activities.
All economic activity was in the primary sector during early civilisation.
After the surplus production of food, people’s need for other products increased which led to the development of the secondary sector.
The growth of secondary sector spread its influence during the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century.
A support system was needed to facilitate the industrial activity.
Certain sectors like transport and finance played an important role in supporting the industrial activity.
Primary Sector
In Primary sector of economy, activities are undertaken by directly using natural resources.
Agriculture, Mining, Fishing, Forestry, Dairy etc.
are some examples of this sector.
It is called so because it forms the base for all other products.
Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, forestry, fishing, it is also called Agriculture and allied sector.
People engaged in primary activities are called red-collar workers due to the outdoor nature of their work.
Secondary Sector
It includes the industries where finished products are made from natural materials produced in the primary sector.
Industrial production, cotton fabric, sugar cane production etc.
activities comes under this sector.
Hence its the part of a country's economy that manufactures goods, rather than producing raw materials
Since this sector is associated with different kinds of industries, it is also called industrial sector.
People engaged in secondary activities are called blue collar workers.
Examples of manufacturing sector:
Small workshops producing pots, artisan production.
Mills producing textiles,
Factories producing steel, chemicals, plastic, car.
Food production such as brewing plants, and food processing.
Oil refinery.
Eight Core Industries are Electricity, steel, refinery products, crude oil, coal, cement, natural gas and fertilizers.
The Index of Eight Core Industries is a monthly production index, which is also considered as a lead indicator of the monthly industrial performance.
The Index of Eight Core Industries is compiled based on the monthly production information received from the Source Agencies.
Tertiary Sector/Service Sector
This sector’s activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
By itself, economic activities in tertiary sector do not produce a goods but they are an aid or a support for the production.
Goods transported by trucks or trains, banking, insurance, finance etc.
come under the sector.
It provides the value addition to a product same as secondary sector.
This sector jobs are called white collar jobs.
Pink-collar worker is one who is employed in a job that is traditionally considered to be women's work.
The term pink-collar worker was used to distinguish female-orientated jobs from the blue-collar worker, a worker in manual labor, and the white-collar worker, a professional or educated worker in office positions.
A pink collar worker need not require as much professional training as white-collar professions.
They do not get equal pay or prestige.
A pink collar worker is usually a woman.
Men rarely work in pink collar jobs.
Some examples of pink collar occupations are baby sitter, florist, day care worker, nurses etc.
Lately, the pink collar worker is educated or trained.
Pink collar workers are educated through training seminars or classes and they have to continue to strive for advancement in their careers.
Today, women have more opportunities in traditionally male white-collar jobs and men work in traditionally female pink-collar jobs.
Sunrise industry is a term used for a sector that is just in its infancy but shows promise of a rapid boom.
The industry is typically characterized by high growth rates, high degree of innovation and generally has plenty of public awareness about the sector and investors get attracted to its long-term growth prospects.
On the other hand Sunrise industry rapid emergence may threaten a competing industry sector that is already in decline.
Because of its dim long-term prospects, such an industry is referred to as a sunset industry.
Existing Indian sectors that can be termed as Sunrise sectors and likely to hold us in good stead in the future in terms of employment generation and business growth are:
Telecom Sector
Infrastructure Sector
Retail Sector
Food Processing Industries
Why did India shift from primary sector to services sector and not secondary sector?
The natural economic movement of a country goes from agrarian economy to an industrial economy to a service economy but India has leapfrogged from an agrarian economy to a service economy.
One remarkable feature of India’s recent growth is diversification into services, with the services sector dominating GDP.
India’s success in software and IT-enables serviced (ITeS) exports, has made it a significant services exporter with its share in world services exports rising from 0.6 per cent in 1990 to 3.3 per cent in 2013.
Well educated and immense human resources, Fluency in English and availability of cheap labour are other reasons for rapid growth of service sector in the country.
On the other hand low growth in Secondary sector can be attributed to:
The license Raj
Restrictions on foreign investment
Lack of measures to promote private industry
Power Deficit
Stringent Labour laws
Lack of skilled labour
Delays in Land Acquisition and environmental clearances
Import of cheap manufactured goods etc.
Though India ranks low in terms of per capita income, its share of services in GDP is approaching the global average.
Interestingly, however, the contribution of services to employment was significantly lower than the world average.
The manufacturing sector tends to be labour intensive, hence renewed emphasis on the manufacturing through programmes like ‘Make in India’ will serve to correct this anomaly and raise employment in proportion with growth in GDP.
Quaternary Activities
These are specialized tertiary activities in the ‘Knowledge Sector’ which demands a separate classification.
The quaternary sector is the intellectual aspect of the economy.
It is the process which enables entrepreneurs to innovate and improve the quality of services offered in the economy.
Personnel working in office buildings, elementary schools and university classrooms, hospitals and doctors’ offices, theatres, accounting and brokerage firms all belong to this category of services.
Like other tertiary functions, quaternary activities can also be outsourced.
Quinary Activities
The quinary sector is the part of the economy where the top-level decisions are made.
This includes the government which passes legislation.
It also comprises the top decision-makers in industry, commerce and also the education sector.
These are services that focus on the creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas; data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies.
Profession under this category often referred as 'gold collar' professions, they represent another subdivision of the tertiary sector representing special and highly paid skills of senior business executives, government officials, research scientists, financial and legal consultants, etc.
Organised Sector
In this sector, employment terms are fixed and regular, and the employees get assured work and social security.
It can also be defined as a sector, which is registered with the government and a number of acts apply to the enterprises.
Schools and hospitals are covered under the organised sector.
Workers in the organised sector enjoy security of employment.
They are expected to work only a fixed number of hours.
If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer.
Unorganised Sector
An unorganised worker is a home-based worker or a self-employed worker or a wage worker in the unorganized sector and includes a worker in the organized sector who is not covered by any of the Acts pertaining to welfare Schemes as mentioned in Schedule-II of Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2008.
In this sector wage-paid labour is largely non-unionised due to casual and seasonal nature of employment and scattered location of enterprises.
The sector is marked by low incomes, unstable and irregular employment, and lack of protection either from legislation or trade unions.
The unorganised sector uses mainly labour intensive and indigenous technology.
The workers in unorganised sector, are so scattered that the implementation of the Legislation is very inadequate and ineffective.
There are hardly any unions in this sector to act as watch-dogs.
But the contributions made by the unorganised sector to the national income, is very substantial as compared to that of the organised sector.
It adds more than 60% to the national income while the contribution of the organised sector is almost half of that depending on the industry.
The Public Sector
In the sector, government owns most of the assets and it is the part of the economy concerned with providing various governmental services.
The purpose of the public sector is not just to earn profits.
Governments raise money through taxes and other ways to meet expenses on the services rendered by it.
CPSEs are classified into 3 categories- Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna.
Presently, there are 7 Maharatna, 16 Navratna and 71 Miniratna CPSEs.
Maharatna Scheme was introduced for Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs), with effect from 19th May, 2010, in order to empower mega CPSEs to expand their operations and emerge as global giants.
Presently there are seven ‘Maharatna’ CPSEs, viz. (
i) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, (ii) Coal India Limited, (iii) GAIL (India) Limited, (iv) Indian Oil Corporation Limited, (v) NTPC Limited, (vi) Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited and (vii)Steel Authority of India Limited.
CPSEs fulfilling the following criteria are eligible to be considered for grant of Maharatna status:
Having Navratna status.
Listed on Indian stock exchange with minimum prescribed public shareholding under SEBI regulations.
Average annual turnover of more than Rs.
25,000 crore, during the last 3 years.
Average annual net worth of more than Rs.
15,000 crore, during the last 3 years.
Average annual net profit after tax of more than Rs.
5,000 crore, during the last 3 years.
Should have significant global presence/international operations.
Criteria for grant of Navratna status
The Miniratna Category – I and Schedule ‘A’ CPSEs, which have obtained ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ rating under the Memorandum of Understanding system in three of the last five years, and have composite score of 60 or above in the six selected performance parameters, namely,
net profit to net worth,
manpower cost to total cost of production/services,
profit before depreciation, interest and taxes to capital employed,
profit before interest and taxes to turnover,
earning per share and
inter-sectoral performance.
'Miniratna' Scheme: In October 1997, the Government had also decided to grant enhanced autonomy and delegation of financial powers to some other profit making companies subject to certain eligibility conditions and guidelines to make them efficient and competitive.
These companies called ‘Miniratnas’, are in two Category-II.
The eligibility conditions and criteria are:
Category –I CPSEs should have made profit in the last three years continuously, the pre-tax profit should have been Rs.
30 crore or more in at least one of the three years and should have a positive net worth.
Category-II CPSEs should have made profit for the last three years continuously and should have a positive net worth.
These CPSEs shall be eligible for the enhanced delegated powers provided they have not defaulted in the repayment of loans/interest payment on any loans due to the Government.
In the private sector, ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individuals or companies.
It is sometimes referred as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled but regulate by the State.
Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profits.
To get such services we have to pay money to these individuals and companies.
PPP is an arrangement between government and private sector for the provision of public assets and/or public services.
In this type of partnership investments being undertaken by the private sector entity, for a specified period of time.
As PPP involves full retention of responsibility by the government for providing the services it doesn’t amount to privatization.
There is a well defined allocation of risk between the private sector and the public entity.
Private entity is chosen on the basis of open competitive bidding and receives performance linked payments.
PPP route can be alternative in developing countries where governments faced various constraints on borrowing money for important projects.
It can also give required expertise in planning or executing large projects.
Sector-wise Contribution of GDP in India
Services sector is the largest sector of India.
Gross Value Added (GVA) at current prices for Services sector is estimated at 92.26 lakh crore INR in 2018-19.
Services sector accounts for 54.40% of total India's GVA of 169.61 lakh crore Indian rupees.
With GVA of Rs.
50.43 lakh crore, Industry sector contributes 29.73%.
While Agriculture and allied sector shares 15.87%.
It is worth mentioning that agriculture sector has maximum share by working force at near 53% while services and secondary sectors shares are near 29% and 18% respectively.
Yellow is a colour.
It is the color of the color of amber.
The color amber.
The outer skin of a lemon.
The flower of the dandelion.
The peel of a banana.
The middle light of a stoplight.
Most of the time, your Urine.
Meaning of yellow
Yellow can represent light and the sun's rays as well as lightning.
The phrase "yellow" used to be used as a sign of cowardice.
In China, yellow is the color of royalty.
Emperors used to wear yellow.
On road signs in the USA, yellow means "warning".
Inkjet printers use yellow ink as one of their three basic colors, along with cyan ink and magenta ink.
Tones of yellow colour comparison chart
Yellow Mist (web colour Light Yellow) (Banana) (Hex: #FFFFE0) (RGB: 255, 255, 224)
Old Lace (web colour) (Hex: #FDF5E6) (RGB: 253, 245, 230)
Linen (web colour) (Hex: #FAF0E6) (RGB: 250, 240, 230)
Antique White (web colour) (Hex: #FAEBD7) (RGB: 250, 235, 215)
Blanched Almond (web colour) (Hex: #FFEBCD) (RGB: 255, 235, 205)
Light Goldenrod Yellow (web colour) (Hex: #FAFAD2) (RGB: 250, 250, 210)
Lemon Chiffon (web colour) (Lemon Cream) (Hex: #FFFACD) (RGB: 255, 250, 205)
Cornsilk (web colour) (Hex: #FFF8DC) (RGB: 255, 248, 220)
Beige (web colour) (Hex: #F5F5DC) (RGB: 245, 245, 220)
Cream (Hex: #FFFDD0) (RGB: 255, 253, 208)
Papaya Whip (web colour) (Hex: #FFEFD5) (RGB: 255, 239, 213)
Banana Mania (Crayola) (Hex: #FBE7B2) (RGB: 251, 231, 128)
Moccasin (web colour) (Hex: #FFE4B5) (RGB: 255, 228, 182)
Peach-Yellow (Hex: #FADFAD) (RGB: 250, 223, 173)
Wheat (web colour) (Hex: #F5DEB3) (RGB: 245, 222, 179)
Navajo White (web colour) (Hex: #FFDEAD) (RGB: 255, 222, 173)
<li style = "background-color: #f0e68c;"> Light Khaki (X11 "Khaki") (Hex: #F0E68C) (RGB: 240, 230, 140)<li>
Pale Spring Bud (Crayola "Spring Green") (Hex: #ECEBBD) (RGB: 236, 235, 189)
Pale Goldenrod (web colour) (Hex: #EEE8AA) (RGB: 238, 232, 170)
Pale Canary Yellow (Crayola Canary) (Hex: #FFFF99) (RGB: 255, 255, 153)
Buff (HexF0DC82) (RGB: 240, 220, 130)
Flax (Hex: #EEDC82) (RGB: 238, 220, 130)
<li style = "background-color: #ebc2af;"> Zinnwaldite (Hex: #EBC2AF) (RGB: 235, 194, 175)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #edc9af;"> Desert Sand (Crayola) (Hex: #EDC9AF) (RGB: 237, 201, 175)<li>
Peach Puff (web color) (Hex: #FFDAB9) (RGB: 255, 218, 185)
Peach (Hex: #FFE5B4) (RGB: 255, 229, 180)
Deep Peach (Crayola Peach) (Hex: #FFCBA4) (RGB: 255, 203, 164)
Peach-Orange (Pale Salmon) (Hex: #FFCC99) (RGB: 255, 204, 153)
Bright Apricot (Crayola Apricot) (Hex: #FDD5B1) (RGB: 253, 213, 177)
Apricot (Hex: #FBCEB1) (RGB: 251, 206, 177)
<li style = "background-color: #eedd62;"> Light Mustard (Hex: #EEDD62) (RGB: 255, 119, 255)<li>
Dandelion (Crayola) (Hex: #FED85D) (RGB: 254, 216, 93)
Mustard (Hex: #FFDB58) (RGB: 255, 219, 88)
Energy Yellow (Xona.com Color List) (Hex: #F8DD5C) (RGB: 248, 221, 92)
Medium Goldenrod (Crayola Goldenrod) (Hex: #FCD667) (RGB: 252, 214, 103)
<li style = "background-color: #f8de7e;"> Mellow Yellow (Hex: #F8DE7E) (RGB: 248, 222, 126)<li>
Light Goldenrod (web colour) (Hex: #FFEC8B) (RGB: 255, 236, 139)
Maize (Corn) (Hex: #FBEC5D) (RGB: 251, 236, 93)
<li style = "background-color: #ffff66;"> Ultra Yellow (Unmellow Yellow) (Crayola) (Hex: #FFFF66) (RGB: 255, 255, 102)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #fefe22;"> Laser Lemon (Crayola) (Hex: #FEFE22) (RGB: 254, 254, 34)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ffff00;"> Yellow (Electric Yellow) (Hex: #FFFF00) (RGB: 255, 255, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #FDFD02;"> Daisy Yellow (Hex: #FDFD02) (RGB: 255, 253, 2)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #fff700;"> Lemon Yellow (Lemon) Hex: #FFF700) (RGB: 255, 247, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ffef00;"> Process Yellow (Pigment Yellow) (Printer's Yellow) (Canary Yellow) (Hex: #FFEF00) (RGB: 255, 239, 0)<li>
Medium Yellow (Crayola Yellow) (Hex: #FFE302) (RGB: 255, 227, 2)
<li style = "background-color: #ffdf00;"> Golden Yellow (Hex: #FFDF00) (RGB: 255, 223, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ffd800;"> School Bus Yellow (Hex: #FFD800) (RGB: 255, 216, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ffd700;"> Golden (web color Gold) (Hex: #FFD700) (RGB: 255, 215, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ffcc00;"> Tangerine Yellow (Hex: #FFCC00) (RGB: 255, 204, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ffc901;"> Supernova (Xona.com Color List) (Hex: #FFC901) (RGB: 255, 201, 1)<li>
Golden Poppy (Hex: #FCC200) (RGB: 252, 194, 0)
Amber (Hex: #FFBF00) (RGB: 255, 191, 0)
Selective Yellow (Hex: #FFBA00) (RGB: 255, 186, 0)
<li style = "background-color: #ffcc33;"> Sunglow (Crayola) (Hex: #FFCC33) (RGB: 255, 204, 51)<li>
Saffron (Hex: #F4C430) (RGB: 244, 196, 48)
Macaroni and Cheese (Crayola) (Hex: #FFB79B) (RGB: 255, 185, 123)
<li style = "background-color: #f4a460;"> Sandy Brown (web color) (Hex: #F4A460) (RGB: 244, 164, 96) <li>
Atomic Tangerine (Crayola) (Hex: #FF9966) (RGB: 255, 153, 102)
Gamboge (Hex: #EF9B0F) (RGB: 239, 155, 15)
Light Buff (Hex: #ECD9B0) (RGB: 236, 217, 176)
Pale Gold (Crayola Gold) (Hex: #E6BE8A) (RGB: 230, 190, 138)
Brass (Hex: #C3A368) (RGB: 195, 163, 104)
California Gold (Hex: #A98F64) (RGB: 169, 143, 100)
Vegas Gold (Hex: #C5B356) (RGB: 197, 179, 88)
Old Gold (Hex: #CFB53B) (RGB: 207, 181, 59)
Metallic Gold (Hex: #D4AF37) (RGB: 212, 175, 55)
Goldenrod (web color) (Hex: #DAA520) (RGB: 218, 165, 32)
Banana Yellow (Yellow Ochre) (Human Feces) (Hex: #CCCC33) (RGB: 204, 204, 51)
Satin Sheen Gold (Hex: #CBA135) (RGB: 203, 16, 53)
Buddha Gold (Xona.com Color List) (Hex: #C1A004) (RGB: 193, 160, 4)
<li style = "background-color: #cd853f;"> Peru (web color) (Hex: #CD853F) (RGB: 205, 133, 63)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #cc7722;"> Ochre (Hex: #CC7722) (RGB: 204, 119, 34)<li>
Dark Goldenrod (web color) (Hex: #b8860B) (RGB: 184, 134, 11)
Bronze Yellow (Hex: #737000) (RGB: 115, 112, 0)
Dark Mustard (Hex: #7C7C40) (RGB: 124, 124, 64)
Sandy Taupe (Hex: #967117) (RGB: 150, 113, 23)
<li style = "background-color: #c19a6b;"> Fallow (Hex: #C19A6B) (RGB: 193, 154, 107)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #c3b091;"> Khaki (HTML/CSS) (Hex: #C3B091) (RGB: 195, 176, 145)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #cdb891;"> Ecru (Hex: #C3B091) (RGB: 205, 184, 145)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #bdb76b;"> Dark Khaki (X11 "Dark Khaki") (Hex: #BDB76B) (RGB: 189, 183, 107)<li>
Citrine (Hex: #E4D00A) (RGB: 228, 208, 10)
Pear (Hex: #D1E231) (RGB: 209, 226, 49)
<li style = "background-color: #ecf245;"> Starship (Xona.com Color List) (Hex: #E3DD39) (RGB: 227, 221, 57)<li>
Chartreuse Yellow (Hex: #DFFF00) (RGB: 223, 255, 0)
Neon Yellow (Hex: #FFFFE0) (RGB: 207, 255, 4)
Electric Lime (Crayola) (Hex: #CCFF00) (RGB: 204, 255, 0)
Lime (Hex: #BFFF00) (RGB: 191, 255, 0)
Green-Yellow (web color) (Hex: #ADFF2F) (RGB: 173, 255, 47)
Spring Bud (Hex: #A7FC00) (RGB: 167, 252, 0)
<li style = "background-color: #9acd32;"> Yellow-Green (web color) (Hex: #9ACD32) (RGB: 154, 205, 50)<li>
Citrus (Xona.com Color List) (Hex: #A1C50A) (RGB: 161, 197, 10)
June Bud (Hex: #BDDA57) (RGB: 189, 218, 87)
Medium Spring Bud (Hex: #C9DC89) (RGB: 202, 220, 137)
Pale Green-Yellow (Crayola Green-Yellow) (Hex: #F1E788) (RGB: 242, 231, 136)
Lime Pulp (Hex: #D1E189) (RGB: 209, 225, 137)
Olivine (Hex: #9AB973) (RGB: 154, 185, 115)
Pistachio (Hex: #93C572) (RGB: 147, 197, 146)
Swamp Green (Hex: #ACB78E) (RGB: 172, 183, 142)
Camouflage Green (Hex: #78866B) (RGB: 120, 134, 107)
Olive (web color) (Dark Yellow) (Hex: #808000) (RGB: 128, 128, 0)
Olive Drab (web color) (Hex: #6B8E23) (RGB: 107, 142, 135)
Dark Olive Green (web color) (Hex: #556B2F) (RGB: 85, 107, 47)
Shadow (Crayola) (Hex: #837050) (RGB: 131, 112, 80)
<li style = "background-color: #734a12; color: #ffffff"> Raw Umber (Hex: #734A12) (RGB: 115, 74, 18)<li>
Olivetone (Xona color list) (Hex: #716E10) (RGB: 113, 110, 16)
Bisque (web colour) (Hex: #3D2B1F) (RGB: 61, 43, 31)
Black Olive (Olive RAL 6015) (Hex: #3B3C36) (RGB: 59, 60, 54)
Plymouth Argyle Football Club, is an English football club.
The club is nicknamed The Pilgrims.
The team usually plays in green, white and black.
The club is called The Pilgrims because the people that left Plymouth for America were the first people to be called Pilgrims.
The ship on the badge is called The Mayflower.
The first pilgrims travelled on the Mayflower.
The club's stadium is called Home Park.
It was ruined by German aeroplanes in World War II.
Home Park was repaired after the war.
In 2001 and 2002, Home Park was made into a better stadium.
Some parts of the stadium were not used while the work was being done.
The stadium is now fully open.
The club was made in 1886, but it was called Argyle Athletic Club.
The club changed its name to Plymouth Argyle Football Club in 1903.
Plymouth Argyle has never won a match by more than 7 goals.
They have beaten Hartlepool United and Millwall 8-1.
On 3 January 2004, they beat Chesterfield 7-0.
The club lost 9-0 to Stoke City in 1960.
Luke McCormick is a goalkeeper.
He played seven games in a row for Plymouth Argyle without letting the other teams score a single goal.
The club won Division Three in 2001/02, won Division Two in 2003/04 and now plays in the newly named Championship, the second tier of English football.
When the club won Division Three they scored 102 points.
No other team had ever scored that many points.
1886-?
Argyle F.C.
-present Plymouth Argyle F.C.
100th season
2003/04 is the club`s 100th season since becoming Plymouth Argyle in 1903.
The club has set up many events, while the team has won many awards.
A list of things that happened in the 2003/04 season:
22 October 2003: Plymouth Argyle beat Sheffield Wednesday 3-1 at Hillsborough (Sheffield Wednesday's ground) to become the top team in Division Two.
24 October 2003: Plymouth Argyle were given an award for their 5-1 win against Port Vale.
1 November 2003: Paul Sturrock won the Division Two manager of the month award for October.
6 November 2003: David Friio won the Division Two player of the month award for October.
23 December 2003: Paul Sturrock agreed to stay as the club's manager until 2008.
26 December 2003: Paul Wotton scored Plymouth Argyle's 5000th goal in league matches.
Plymouth Argyle beat A.F.C. Bournemouth 2-0 on that day.
Plymouth Argyle became the first big side in England to score 50 goals in that season.
2 January 2004: Paul Sturrock won the Division Two manager of the month award for December.
3 January 2004: David Friio scored three goals in one match.
6 January 2004: Paul Sturrock was named as the best manager in England.
17 January 2004: Two men who used to play for Plymouth Argyle, Billy Rafferty and Paul Mariner went back to Plymouth to celebrate with fans.
Plymouth Argyle beat Rushden & Diamonds 3-0.
5 February 2004: Graham Coughlan won the Division Two player of the month award for January.
19 February 2004: The club's first shop in Plymouth city centre was opened.
4 March 2004: Paul Sturrock became manager of Southampton
Club Honours
1930, 1952
League position
Former position
Current Plymouth Argyle Squad
1 	Romain Larrieu 	 Goalkeeper (on loan to Gillingham)
2 	Anthony Barness  Defender
4 	Lilian Nalis 	 Midfielder
6 	Hasney Aljofree Defender (on loan to Oldham)
7 	David Norris 	 Midfielder
8 	Ákos Buzsáky 	 Midfielder
11 	Nick Chadwick 	 Striker
13 	Mathias Doumbe 	 Defender
14 	Tony Capaldi 	 Midfielder
15 	Paul Wotton 	 Midfielder
16 Péter Halmosi  Midfielder (on loan from Debrecen)
17 Kevin Gallen  Striker (on loan from QPR)
18 Gary Sawyer  Defender
19 Marcel Seip  Defender
20 	Lee Hodges 	 Midfielder
21 Cherno Samba  Striker
22 	Paul Connolly 	 Defender
23 	Luke McCormick 	 Goalkeeper
24 Josh Clapham  Goalkeeper
25 	Ryan Dickson 	 Midfielder (on loan to Torquay)
26 Scott Sinclair  Midfielder (on loan from Chelsea)
27 	Reuben Reid	 Midfielder (on loan to Torquay)
28 Scott Laird  Defender
29 	Luke Summerfield Midfielder
32 	Bojan Djordjic 	 Midfielder
33 Rory Fallon  Striker
34 Ashley Barnes  Striker
The other workers at Plymouth Argyle
Manager - Paul Mariner
Assistant Manager - Gary Penrice
Coach - Tim Breacker
Youth Coach - Stuart Gibson
Physiopherapist - John Carver
2nd Physiopherapist- Tom Hunter
Chief Scout - John James
Chairman - Paul Stapleton
Vice Chair - Robert Dennerly
Directors - Phillip Gill, Damon Lenszner, Tony Wrathall
Chief Executive - Michael Dunsford
Community Officer - Geoff Crudgington
Commercial Manager - Andy Budge
Club Shop Manager - Rachel Fry
Club Photographer - Dave Rowntree
Official Webmaster - Steven Hill
Previous Argyle Managers
Frank Brettell (August 1 1903)
Bob Jack (August 1 1905)
Bill Fullerton (August 1 1906)
Bob Jack (August 1 1910)
Jack Tresardern (April 1 1938)
Jimmy Rae (September 1 1948)
Jack Rowley (February 1 1955)
Neil Dougall (March 1 1961)
Ellis Stuttard (November 1 1961)
Andy Beattie (October 1 1963)
Malcolm Allison (May 1 1964)
Derek Ufton (May 1 1965)
Billy Bingham (February 1 1968)
Ellis Stuttard (March 1 1970)
Tony Waiters (October 11 1972)
Mike Kelly (May 1 1977)
Lennie Lawrence (Caretaker) (February 14 1978)
Malcolm Allison (March 16 1978)
Bobby Saxton (January 5 1979)
Bobby Moncur (June 1 1981)
Johnny Hore (October 1 1983)
Dave Smith (November 1 1984)
Ken Brown (July 6 1988)
John Gregory (Caretaker) (February 6 1990)
David Kemp (March 1 1990)
Peter Shilton (March 2 1992)
Steve McCall (Caretaker) (January 2 1995)
Neil Warnock (June 22 1995)
Mick Jones (February 3 1997)
Kevin Hodges (June 21 1998)
Kevin Summerfield (Caretaker) (October 4 2000)
Paul Sturrock (October 31 2000)
Kevin Summerfield (Caretaker) (March 4 2004)
Bobby Williamson (April 20 2004)
Jocky Scott (John Alexander Scott) (Caretaker) (September 6 2005)
Tony Pulis (September 23 2005)
Former players
Bruce Grobbelaar
John Hope Peddie
Jack Leslie
Billy Rafferty
Club official website
PASOTI  (Plymouth Argyle Supporters On The Internet, the main fans' site)
Useful site with audio/visual round ups of games as well as many good links
Club forum which also has some club news
English football clubs
1886 establishments in England
Football is a word which could mean one of several sports.
The best-known type of football is association football.