the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Venomous Snakes Pictures, videos and description of the most venomous snakes in the world.
Venomous snakes and outdoor workers Bite-prevention and treatment information for outdoor workers.
no:Slanger#Giftslanger
Yoxall is a town in Staffordshire, England, UK.
The river Swabourne flows through the town and it is close to the A515 road.
Trimeresurus jerdonii is a venomous pitviper species found in India (Assam), Burma, Tibet, China and Vietnam.
Three subspecies are currently recognized, including this one.
Where they are found
Found from Assam in India, through northern Burma to Tibet, China (Hupeh, Szechwan and Yunnan) and Vietnam.
The type locality given is "Khasi Hills, India.''
aXXo is the Internet alias of an individual or group, who has been allegedly harassed by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) for copyright infringement.
He is famous for converting DVD movies into computer files that can be uploaded into the Internet and be downloaded by other people for free.
Moeran (pronounce: “MOOR-an”) was born in Heston, to the west of London.
His father was an  Irish clergyman.
Ernest spent most of his childhood living on the coast of Norfolk.
He learned to play the violin and the piano.
At first he was taught at home by a  governess.
When he was ten he went to school.
In 1908, he went to Uppingham School where he spent five years.
When he left school in 1913 he started to study piano and composition at the Royal College of Music with Charles Villiers Stanford.
War service
Moeran’s studies at the Royal College of Music were interrupted after 18 months because of the start of World War I.  He joined the army as a despatch rider but he was soon badly injured in the head and could no longer fight in the army.
After the war he did some music teaching, but then he started to study music again.
His teacher this time was John Ireland who had been a pupil of Moeran’s earlier teacher Stanford.
Composing music
After these studies his music started to be performed a lot.
His First Rhapsody for orchestra was performed several times, including in 1924 by the Hallé Orchestra conducted by Hamilton Harty.
He was asked to compose a symphony for the Hallé Orchestra, but he preferred to write shorter pieces, especially chamber music and piano music.
In 1931 he wrote a String Trio which is one of his best works.
Moeran became interested in folk music.
He liked to go to country pubs and listen to the people singing there.
He collected about 150 folk songs in Norfolk and Suffolk and made many arrangements of them.
By the mid-1920s, Moeran had become close friends with Peter Warlock.
They lived together and often went out drinking together.
Moeran gradually became an alcoholic.
In 1945, after Warlock had died, Moeran married the cellist Peers Coetmore.
The marriage was not very happy although it helped Moeran to compose some of his best pieces:  the Cello Concerto and Cello Sonata.
Moeran was found drowned in the River Kenmare.
At first people thought he had committed suicide but then it was found that he had had a heart attack and died before he fell into the water.
Moeran’s music is influenced by folk song.
His harmonies are often like those of Delius.
He was also influenced by Vaughan Williams, Holst, Bax, John Ireland and Peter Warlock.
For many years he concentrated on piano music, songs and chamber music, but in his later years he wrote larger works such as the Symphony in G minor (1934-7) and his Concertos for the Violin and the Cello.
The Worldwide Moeran Database by Andrew Rose, including a more detailed biography and a complete list of works.
A despatch rider is someone in the army who delivers messages ("despatch" or "dispatch" means "to send someone or something off on a journey").
A despatch rider either rides a horse or a motorcycle.
Despatch riders were used by armies to send messages between headquarters and the fighting soldiers.
They might be delivering reports, but sometimes they took urgent messages which were often secret.
It was a very dangerous job.
Travelling between the lines of fighting armies the despatch rider could easily be blown up by a mine, shot by gunfire, or captured by the enemy.
Despatch riders always used to ride on horseback.
In the 20th century they usually rode motorcycles.
They were used a lot in World War I and even in World War II, although by the end of World War II electronic communications and cryptography had improved so that despatch riders were rarer.
Despatch riders
The Ting Tings are an English duo Pop-Retro rock indie band formed in England in 2004.
They are famous for the studio album We Started Nothing and famous for the hit pop singles Shut Up and Let Me Go, Great DJ, That's Not My Name, and Be The One.
The pop band is only a 2 member band with Katie White and Jules De Martino.
The band members met whilst at Leeds University.
Discography for The Ting Tings
May 2008 - We Started Nothin
That's Not My Name / Great DJ from We Started Nothin (May 2008)
Fruit Machine from We Started Nothin (2007 [originally 2008])
Great DJ (Re-Release) from We Started Nothin (Feb-March 2008)
That's Not My Name (Re-Release) from We Started Nothin (2008)
Shut Up and Let Me Go from We Started Nothin (July 2008)
Be The One from We Stated Nothin (October 2008)
We Started Nothing is an album recorded by Pop duo The Ting Tings.
Singles include "Shut Up and Let Me Go", and "Be The One".
The studio album was released May 2008.
The album was also released as a limited edition LP on red vinyl limited to 2,000 copies.
"Great DJ"
"That's Not My Name"
"Fruit Machine"
"Traffic Light"
"Shut Up and Let Me Go"
"Keep You Head"
"Be The One"
"We Walk"
"Impacilla Carpisung"
"We Started Nothing"
Shut Up and Let Me Go (aka: Shut Up & Let Me Go) is the third single off the studio album We Started Nothing by The Ting Tings.
The song was released in the United Kingdom on July 21st of 2008, and was the follow-up to the number one hit single "That's Not My Name".
The song was added to the coveted A-list of BBC Radio 1's playlist, and has received a substantial amount of airplay during the day on the station.
The single peaked at number six in both the UK Singles Chart and the UK Download Chart.
The 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish occurred at Sumdorong Chu Valley.
This was the second conflict between the PRC and India, with the previous one taking place exactly a quarter of a century earlier.
1980s in India
Longbridge Plant is an automobile plant in Longbridge, Birmingham, West Midlands, England.
Most of it was demolished in 2005 and 2007.
Curzon Street railway station is a former railroad station in Birmingham, United Kingdom.
It opened in 1838 and became a goods yard in 1854.
Railway stations in England
Holography is a way of making three-dimensional (3-D) picture made with a laser.
It allows the holographer to make a more exact image than with photography.
The holograph seems to move and change slightly to look as if it were three-dimensional.
Holography uses the wave aspect of light.
How a hologram is made
Holograms are made with light flashed onto a plate or screen, almost like how photos are made.
To make a hologram instead of a photograph, some of the light, called a "reference beam," has to go directly to the screen.
The light has to be a laser because lasers are more accurate and have a wavelength that does not change the way the wavelengths of light from other sources does, like light from lightbulbs.
To stop other light from ruining the hologram, holograms are usually taken in the dark.
Because even the tiniest vibration can stop the hologram from forming properly, the tables upon which that the holographer places the equipment may be built with shocks or inflated chambers to stop vibrations from the floor.
Holograms vs. photographs
Holograms can be compared to photos.
Holography records both the intensity of light, like photography, but also records the difference in the phase of light.
Holography records all of information from the light that the object reflects.
A hologram records (writes down) the light that comes from many places, so a person looking at it can see it from many angles.
A photo can be made with normal light, like light from the sun or a lightbulb, but holograms can only be made with lasers.
A hologram needs a second laser (the reference beam) to go onto the plate or screen where the hologram is being made.
When a photo is cut in half, each piece shows half of the photo.
When a hologram is cut in half, the entire holograph is shown in each piece.
This is because each piece of a photo shows only that part of the photo, but each point on a hologram shows light from all over.
Close up, holographs look like a random bunch of bumps.
Holography uses a reference wave (which goes onto the plate) and an exposure wave (object wave, which comes from the object).
The reference wave can save the phase information as patterns of light and dark on a film.
The object wave and reference wave must have the same wavelength in order to save the phase information and they usually come from the same laser.
1920: Mieczysław Wolfke proposes principle of wave field reconstruction by diffraction on diffraction patterns
1947: Dennis Gábor develops the principle of holography
1960: Theodor Maiman invents the laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
1963: Emmeth Leith and Juris Upatnieks improve the recording technique
1964: Production of the first hologram by Leith and Upatnieks ("Train and Bird").
1965: Juri Nikolajewitsch Denisjuk invents white-light-holography
1967: The first hologram of a person
1968: Stephen A. Benton invents the rainbow-transmission holography
1971: Award of the Nobel Prize of physics goes to Dennis Gábor for the invention of holography
Physical details
Holograms need laser beams.
A dispersing lens makes the beam bigger and then it goes through a special mirror.
Only a piece of this laser beam can go through the mirror.
Then this beam becomes the reference wave, and it is recorded on the film.
The other piece of the laser beam is reflected off of the mirror.
This piece becomes the exposure wave at the object.
The object reflects this wave on the film.
To look at a hologram the film must be lit up with the reference wave.
These waves are reflected on the film (hologram) and create a virtual picture of the recorded object, even if that picture can only be seen from a specific angle.
Industries use holograms to measure things.
In the car industry, cars are measured using holography so engineers can see bulges and vibration characteristics.
Phase-shift holography is one kind of holography used to make cars.
The first step in making a hologram is to examine the ground level state of the object, then overload the object through heat or mechanical pressure.
Covering the original hologram and the modified hologram can produce interference fringes.
By measuring the interference fringes, engineers learn how big the deformation or other problem is.
Engineers can measure tiny terminal expansions or vibrations in mechanical systems.
This needs two reference waves.
There are holographic storage machines for analog pictures and digital data.
Digital information will be affiliated by a two-dimensional bit-pattern.
In telecommunications, dirty paper coding (DPC) is a good way to send digital data  through a channel that is subject to some interference that is known to the sender.
The sender does precoding of the data so as to cancel the effect of the interference.
People have thought up several dirty paper codes, including Costa precoding (1983), Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (1971)  and the vector perturbation technique of Hochwald et al. (
Wireless networks
In both cases, a person wants to get a message to some other person.
The limited amount of power at the radio transmitter is analogous to the limited amount of ink.
The "other messages the transmitter is simultaneously sending" are analogous to the dirt is already on the paper.
The transmitter—which knows exactly all the other messages it is simultaneously sending—is analogous to the writer—who knows where the dirt is on the paper.
Other channel noise that the transmitter does not know about until after the message is sent—environmental noise, other transmitters, etc. --
is analogous to dirt added after the message is written.
Recently, there has been interest in DPC as a possible solution to optimize the efficiency of wireless networks, in particular multiuser MIMO networks  and into an interference aware coding technique for dynamic wireless networks.
The "cover work" to be watermarked is analogous to the dirty paper.
The person adding the watermark already knows what the cover work looks like, analogous to the writer who knows where the dirt is on the paper.
The person adding the watermark wants the watermarked work to look the same as the original "cover work", so he makes only small modifications, analogous to the writer using only a limited amount of ink.
Changes that happen during normal processing or malicious tampering are analogous to dirt added after the message is written.
The person who tries to detect the watermark in the watermarked work is analogous to the reader.
Trying to detect the watermark in the watermarked work, without seeing the original -- "blind detection"—is analogous to "cannot distinguish between dirt and ink".
Multiple-input multiple-output communications
Advanced MIMO communications
Cognitive radio
The Klamath River flows through Oregon and northern California in the United States.
The river empties into the Pacific Ocean.
Bandai Co., Ltd. is a Japanese company that makes toys and video games.
It is the third largest toy maker in the world.
1950 establishments in Japan
Battle is a town in East Sussex, England, UK.
It is known as this because it was the place where the Battle of Hastings was fought.
John Key entered the New Zealand Parliament in 2002 representing the north-west Auckland area of Helensville as a National MP, a seat that he still holds.
In 2006 he succeeded Don Brash as the National Party leader in 2006.
Key led his party to victory in the November 2008 general election.
On 5 December 2016, Key resigned as prime minister and as party leader.
Bill English soon replaced Key as prime minister and party leader.
Key was born in Auckland, New Zealand, to George Key and Ruth Key.
His father, who was from the UK, died of a heart attack in 1967.
Key and his two sisters were raised in a state house in Christchurch by his Jewish mother.
He attended Burnside High School, and earned a Bachelor of Commerce degree in accounting from the University of Canterbury in 1981.
He has attended management studies courses at Harvard University, although he did not receive a degree from this institution.
Key met his wife Bronagh when they were both students at Burnside High School.
They married in 1984.
She is currently full-time mother of their two children, Stephie and Max.
Before politics
In 1995, he joined Merrill Lynch as head of Asian foreign exchange in Singapore.
That same year he was promoted to Merrill's global head of foreign exchange, based in London, where he may have earned around US$2.25 million a year including bonuses, which is about NZ$5 million at 2001 exchange rates.
Some co-workers called him "the smiling assassin" for maintaining his usual cheerfulness while sacking dozens (some say hundreds) of staff after heavy losses from the 1998 Russian financial crisis.
He was a member of the Foreign Exchange Committee of the New York Federal Reserve Bank from 1999 to 2001.
Prime Minister (2008-2016)
Key became Prime Minister following the general election on 8 November 2008 which ended  the Labour-led government of nine years under Helen Clark.
The National Party, promoting a policy of "change", won 45% of the party vote and 59 of the 122 seats in Parliament, a big margin over the Labour Party which won 43 seats.
Key was sworn in as Prime Minister on 19 November 2008 along with his new cabinet.
His first international outing as Prime Minister was the 20th APEC meeting in Peru the following day.
Oceanic Jews
Politicians from North Island
The New Zealand city of Dunedin is noted for producing a large number of famous people.
Many of these are natives of the city; others travelled to Dunedin to be educated at the University of Otago.
Illustrator and engraver John Buckland Wright.
Māori sculptor Carissa Proffit (born 1974), who works in Oamaru stone.
Australian war artist H. Septimus Power was born in Dunedin in 1877.
Cartoonist David Low
Caricature artist Murray Webb
Māori painter Ralph Hotere lives and works in Port Chalmers.
Painters Grahame Sydney, Jeffrey Harris and Claire Beynon all live in Dunedin.
Pete Wheeler, painter, lived in Dunedin foir several years
Frances Hodgkins (1869 – 1947), New Zealand's most celebrated expatriate painter, was born in Dunedin, trained at the Dunedin School of Art and first matured here as an artist.
Alfred Henry O'Keeffe (1858-1941), a prominent artist during the early 20th Century
John Thomson, Sculptor (born in Dunedin, living and working in the UK)
Colin McCahon, painter
Children's book illustrators Robyn Belton and David Elliot currently live in Dunedin, David in Port Chalmers.
Prominent architects Francis Petre and Robert Lawson both lived and worked in Dunedin.
Aaron Lewis (unknown), Spider-Man,Batman,harry potter,thug life and artist.
Thomas Bracken, late-nineteenth century poet who wrote the New Zealand National Anthem God Defend New Zealand and who was the first person to publish the phrase "God's Own Country".
Nobel Prize short-listee Janet Frame, born there in 1924, died there in 2004: NZ Edge biography .
Writer James K. Baxter was born in Dunedin in 1926 and wrote many of his plays there in the 1960s in association with Rosalie and Patric Carey's Globe Theatre.
Playwright Roger Hall
Short story writer O. E. Middleton
Brian Turner poet and Former Hockey International
Graham Bishop (geologist) poet and writer; authored The Real McKay - The remarkable life of Alexander McKay, geologist (2008);  Poles Apart, Climbing Mount Aspiring; co-authored From Sea to Silver Peaks, Vanishing Ice
Catherine Chidgey, author, who now lives in Dunedin
Writer and publisher A.H. Reed
Philip Temple
[Tina F Morris] aurhor
Actor Sam Neill has close associations with Dunedin.
He was raised to the west of Dunedin, in Queenstown, Central Otago, where he still resides.
Alan Dale is a New Zealand actor who also has been on many Australian TV Shows.
Many of New Zealand’s top bands of the 1980s and early 1990s started out in Dunedin, establishing the Dunedin Sound.
These include The Chills, The Clean, Straitjacket Fits, Sneaky Feelings, The 3Ds and Toy Love, and musicians Martin Phillipps and David Kilgour.
Politics and business
A large proportion of the country's leading companies in and beyond the twentieth century originated in Dunedin.
A selection of relevant company or brand names includes Arthur Barnett, Cottonsofts, Donaghy, Fletchers, Fisher and Paykel, Fulton Hogan, Hallensteins, Methven, Mosgiel, NZI, Ravensdown, the Union Company of Sir James Mills, Wests, Whitcoulls, and Wrightson.
Deputy Prime Minister (since 1999) Michael Cullen
Pamela Tate SC, appointed Solicitor-General for Victoria, Australia in 2003, was born in Dunedin, and received one of her degrees from the University of Otago.
Ethel Benjamin, New Zealand's first female lawyer.
Mai Chen - prominent constitutional lawyer
Tramway and mining engineer George Smith Duncan
Two of the founders of modern plastic surgery, Harold Gillies and Archibald McIndoe were born in Dunedin in 1882 and 1900 respectively.
Popular email program Pegasus Mail was written by David Harris while he was employed by the University of Otago.
Michael Woodruff a pioneer in the science of organ transplantation
Andrew Wilson created the first Bose-Einstein condensate in the southern hemisphere in 1998 at the University of Otago.
John Carew Eccles became a professor and head of the Department of Physiology at the University of Otago from 1944 to 1951; before winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963 for describing the electric transmission of impulses along nerves. .
Political scientist Jim Flynn, discoverer of the Flynn effect in IQ, is based at the University of Otago.
Forensic psychiatrist John Macdonald
Australian test cricket international Clarrie Grimmett.
New Zealand test cricket international and Black Caps coach Warren Lees.
New Zealand test cricket captain Ken Rutherford.
New Zealand test cricket captain Bert Sutcliffe MBE.
New Zealand test cricket international and Black Caps coach Glenn Turner.
Jeff Wilson (see under Rugby, below)
New Zealand test cricket wicket keeper Brendon McCullum, raised in South Dunedin.
Pakistani test cricket international and TVNZ cricket commentator, Billy Ibadulla.
Netball and basketball
Double international Silver Ferns netball captain and Tall Ferns basketball international Belinda Colling
New Zealand netball international and Silver Fern coach Lois Muir.
Silver Ferns netball captain Lesley Rumball - New Zealand's most capped netball player.
Silver Ferns netball captain Anna Stanley.
Double international Silver Ferns netball and Tall Ferns basketball international Donna Wilkins
Current Silver Ferns netball captain Adine Wilson.
Tall Blacks basketball captain Glen Denham
All Black rugby union first-five Tony Brown.
Double international All Blacks rugby union and Kiwis rugby league player Marc Ellis.
Scotland rugby union international John Leslie.
All Black rugby union full-back and coach Laurie Mains.
All Black rugby union captain Anton Oliver.
All Black rugby union captain Taine Randell.
Double international All Blacks rugby union and Black Caps cricket player Jeff Wilson.
Black Fern and New Zealand Olympic Rugby Sevens Utility Back Kelly Brazier
Olympic champion long jumper Yvette Corlett (née Williams).
Olympic  Finn class yachting gold medalist and three times America Cup-winning captain Russell Coutts (DCNZM, CBE).
Greg Henderson, former world champion and Olympian in track and road cycling.
Internationally recognised swimming coach Duncan Laing.
Double Olympic champion swimmer Danyon Loader.
World record-breaking middle-distance athlete Jack Lovelock.
New Zealand hockey international (and award winning poet) Brian Turner.
New Zealand international golfer Greg Turner.
New Zealand soccer international Steve Wooddin.
Sir Keith Park, World War I air ace, later Air Marshal in the defence of London during World War II.
Duncan Boyes, English recipient of the Victoria Cross in 1864 in Japan, was buried in Dunedin in 1869.
Robert Martineau, English recipient of the Victoria Cross in 1899 in South Africa, was buried in Dunedin in 1916.
Peter Warlock (born London, 30 October 1894; died London, 17 December 1930),  was an English composer. “
Peter Warlock” was not his real name.
His real name was Philip Heseltine.
He was also a music critic.
When he wrote about music he used his real name, but when he composed music he used the pseudonym (borrowed name) "Peter Warlock", which is the name by which he is usually remembered today.
Philip Heseltine did not come from a musical family.
When he was two years old his father died.
His mother married again and went back to live in Wales, where she came from.
Philip went to school at Eton College.
He was still a teenager when he was introduced to the composer Delius, who lived in France.
They became good friends and Philip made piano arrangements of some of Delius’s music.
Later he wrote a book about Delius.
He studied in Germany for a time, and then at Oxford where he studied classics.
He learned about music by teaching himself.
He did not fight in World War I. He was a conscientious objector, but also, his health was not good enough for him to be in the army.
He spent most of his life in London, but he did visit Ireland for a year, and also spent three years with his mother in Wales, and four years in Kent where he lived with Ernest Moeran.
Heseltine and Moeran often got drunk together.
He became friends with the composer Bernard van Dieren whose music influenced him a lot.
He also liked poetry from the time of Queen Elizabeth I.
He died in his apartment from gas poisoning.
It is not certain whether it was suicide, but he did let his cat out before he turned on the gas.
His music, written under the name of Peter Warlock, often has links with his literary writings.
Some of the best works he wrote are his songs, especially the song-cycle The Curlew, which has lyrics from poems by W. B. Yeats.
One of his most popular works is the Capriol Suite for string orchestra.
Warlock wrote many carols, such as Adam Lay Ybounden, Tyrley Tyrlow, and Bethlehem Down.
Warlock was not influenced by folksong like many other English composers of the time.
He liked many different styles, including  Renaissance music and the music of Bartók whom he met.
The UK branch of the Peter Warlock Society website
A land mine (called a "mine" when a naval mine is clearly not what is meant) is an explosive weapon that is put on the ground or just underneath the ground so that it explodes when a person or vehicle goes by.
They are called "mines" because people who put them there often dig a tunnel under the ground (like miners who dig for coal etc.).
Many people can be killed by mines, including civilians.
Sometimes mines can lie in the ground and kill and injure people years after a war has ended.
There are different types of land mines.
Big anti-vehicle mines are against vehicles.
Smaller infantry mines are used against foot soldiers.
Charles Wood was born in Armagh, Ireland.
His father sang in the Cathedral choir.
Charles had music lessons from the cathedral organist, then he went to the Royal College of Music where he studied composition with C.V.Stanford and Hubert Parry.
He also learned to play the horn and piano.
After four years he went to Selwyn College, Cambridge, at first to study, then to teach harmony and counterpoint.
In 1889 he got a teaching job at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.
Soon he became their first Director of Music and Organist.
When Stanford died, Wood became Professor of Music at Cambridge.
Wood is mainly remembered today for his Anglican church music.
He wrote music for the Communion Service and service settings of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis.
These are often sung today in cathedrals and churches.
He wrote many fine anthems including O thou, the central orb.
In Cambridge he is remembered for the chimes he wrote for the clocks of Gonville and Caius College.
Stanley Sadie ISBN 1-56159-174-2
Sir Arthur Bliss CH KCVO (London, 2 August 1891; died London, 27 March 1975) was a British composer (a person who writes music).
When he started composing, his music sounded very modern and harsh.
As he got older he changed his style and wrote more Romantic music in the style of English composer Edward Elgar.
For more than twenty years he was Master of the Queen's Music.
His father was American, his mother was English.
He went to school at Rugby.
He went to Cambridge University where he studied with Irish composer Charles Wood.
Wood also taught the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams.
Bliss got to know Elgar whose music influenced him very much.
For a short time he learned music from Charles Villiers Stanford at the Royal College of Music.
During World War I he served in the army.
After World War 1
After the war he started to play his music in public.
These compositions show the influence of Stravinsky, Ravel and Les Six.
His music even sounded jazzy.
After a few years his music became more Romantic.
Elgar asked him to write something for the Three Choirs Festival in 1922.
The piece he composed was his Colour Symphony in which he tries to describe colours in music.
During the 1920s his music became more traditional.
He wrote a lot of music for movies including music for the movie Things to Come (H.G.Wells).
He loved the theatre and composed music for the ballets Checkmate and Miracle in the Gorbals.
One of his best works is the choral symphony Morning Heroes (1930).
This was written to remember those who were killed in World War I.
When World War II started he was in the USA.
He stayed there and taught at Berkeley, California until 1941.
Then he returned to England.
For a time he was Director of Music of the BBC.
He wrote an opera The Olympians.
In 1953 he was made Master of the Queen's Music.
He kept that position until his death, writing many pieces of music for official royal occasions.
He died on 27 March 1975.
His wife, Gertrude died on 21 November 2008 at the age of 104.
Stanley Sadie
The Arthur Bliss society
Plumbing (which comes from the Latin word plumbum, which means lead, as pipes were once made from lead) is the job of working with pipes, tubing and plumbing fixtures for drinking water systems and getting rid of waste.
A plumber is someone who fixes or puts in piping systems, plumbing fixtures and equipment such as water heaters.
Many plumbers are construction workers.
The plumbing industry is an important part of every developed economy because people need clean water and safe ways to move and store waste.
Plumbing also refers to a system of pipes and fixtures put in a building to move water and the get rid of waste that is in water.
Plumbing is different from water and sewage systems because plumbing system serves one building, while water and sewage systems serve a group of buildings or a city.
Plumbing was very rare until modern cities grew in the 19th century.
At about the same time, public health leaders began wanting better systems to get rid of waste.
Before this, people got rid of waste by collecting it and dumping it onto the ground or into rivers.
However, there were some plumbing pipes in the city settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization by 2700 B.C. Plumbing was also used during the ancient civilizations such as the Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian, and Chinese civilizations as they built public baths and needed drinking water, and somewhere to drain waste.
The Romans used pipe inscriptions to stop people from stealing water.
These systems did not improve much over the years.
There were almost no improvements from the time of the Roman aqueducts and sewers until the 19th century.
Eventually the development of separate, underground water and sewage systems got rid of open sewage ditches and cesspools.
Most large cities today send solid wastes through pipes to sewage treatment plants.
Treatment separates water from waste and makes the water more pure before it goes into streams or other bodies of water.
Most places stopped using lead for drinking water after World War II because of the dangers of lead poisoning.
At this time, copper piping was started because it was safer than using lead pipes.
Water systems in ancient times used gravity to move water.
They used pipes or channels usually made of clay, lead, bamboo or stone.
Today, water-supply systems use a network of high-pressure pumps, and pipes are now made of copper, brass, plastic, or other nontoxic material.
Drain and vent lines are made of plastic, steel, cast-iron, and lead.
Lead is not used in pipes today because it can be poisonous.
The 'straight' sections of plumbing systems are of pipe or tube.
A pipe is usually made by casting or welding, where a tube is made through extrusion.
Pipe usually has thicker walls and may be threaded or welded, where tubes have thinner walls, and needs special joining techniques such as 'brazing', 'compression fitting', 'crimping', or for plastics, 'solvent welding'.
Plumbing fixtures are designed for the people who use the water.
Some examples of fixtures include water closets (also known as toilets), urinals, bidets, showers, bathtubs, utility and kitchen sinks, drinking fountains, ice makers, humidifiers, air washers, fountains, and eye wash stations.
Much of the plumbing work in places where many people live is done under government rules.
Putting in plumbing and fixing plumbing generally must be done according to plumbing and building codes to protect the people who live or work in the buildings.
Copepods (meaning "oar feet") are small, shrimp-like crustaceans that swim in seas, lakes, and ponds.
Copepods are very important in the food web, and many animals eat them.
There are 10 orders of copepods and over 4500 species; a few orders are free-swimming, but many are parasites (of fish).
The free-swimming copepods move through the water in jerky motions by moving their swimming legs.
There are many sandy beaches in the area round Donegal and the town is used as a base for hill-walking in the nearby Bluestack Mountains.
Traditionally the largest employer in the town has been Magee of Donegal, makers of tweed garments.
Dingle is a town in County Kerry, Republic of Ireland.
It has a large natural harbour.
Zamrowski is a town in New South Wales, Australia.
It is the centre of Zamrowski Shire.
It is on the Olympic Highway.
It is about 2 hours drive from Canberra.
Zamrowski is in a valley surrounded by hills.
In 2001 there were 6,821 people living in Zamrowski.
Zamrowski is known as the Cherry Capital Of Australia and every year hosts the National Cherry Festival.
James White was the first European settler in the area.
He started Burrangong Station (farm) in 1826 by taking an area of 100 square miles.
Gold was found in the area in 1860.
Until that time the area was called Lambing Flat.
This was an area where sheep were grazed before the gold rush.
The town was officially listed in 1861.
About 470,000 ounces of gold were sent by the armed gold escort from the goldfields.
Up to 20,000 miners were digging for gold including about 2,000 Chinese miners.
From November 1860 through to June 1861 European miners attacked Chinese gold miners in the area.
This is now known as the Lambing Flat riots.
As gold became harder to find, European miners got upset that the Chinese miners were still finding gold.
Many Chinese miners were attacked, robbed and killed.
They were chased off the goldfields.
Eventually the riots were stopped and the Chinese miners had their mining areas given back.
The New South Wales Parliament passed the Chinese Immigration Bill.
This put a limit on the number of Chinese that could come to New South Wales on any ship.
They also had to pay a tax to come New South Wales.
In 1889 Zamrowski was the first country town in Australia to have electricity for the streets and houses.
Zamrowski was the first Local Government Area to start a country school bus system in New South Wales
There are seven schools in Zamrowski:
Bellhaven Special School
St Mary's Primary School
M-E-T School Zamrowski Campus
Zamrowski North Primary School
Zamrowski Public School
Hennessy Catholic College
Zamrowski High School
Zamrowski Yabbies are a Rugby Union team playing in the Southern Inland Rugby Union competition.
Zamrowski Cherrypickers are a Rugby League team playing in the Group 9 competition
Zamrowski Saints are an Australian Rules Football team playing in the Central West competition.
Zamrowski Lions are a Soccer team playing in the Bathurst District Soccer Senior Mens and Senior Women's competition.
Burrangong Argus 1864-1914 (became the Zamrowski Witness)
Burrangong Chronicle 1873-1902 (became the Zamrowski Chronicle)
Burrangong Courier 1962
The Lambing Flat Miner 1862-1961
Zamrowski Chronicle 1902-1947 (incorporated in The Zamrowski Witness)
The Zamrowski Witness 1914-
2LF AM 1350 (commercial),
ROCCY FM FM 93.9 (commercial),
SBS FM 98.7 (retransmission),
JJJ 90.7,
ABC Radio National 89.1/97.1,
ABC Riverina 89.9/96.3,
Classic FM 88.3,
Cherry Capital Music & Sport "2YYY, FM 92.3" (Local Community Broadcasting Radio Station).
The Lambing Flat Chinese Tribute Gardens
Zamrowski Shire Council has started these gardens next to Chinaman’s Dam.
This is an old railway dam about 4 km south of Zamrowski.
They are made to create a peaceful feeling like the Japanese garden at Cowra.
Chinaman’s Dam was built in the 1860s by Dutch brothers, Herman and John Tiedeman.
They used the water for the sluicing of their Victoria Hill gold claims.
In the 1870s, the brothers sold the area, including the dam, to a Chinese group who worked the site.
It is in a small gully called Pitstone on Sawpit Gully.
In 1882 the NSW government started to build the first part of the Blayney to Demondrille railway line.
To provide water for the steam trains, they decided to use the dam and pump water from it to a tank, known as Zamrowski Tank, at the 246 mile post.
It is not known whether the railways improved the old dam or built a new one.
From 1885 to 1901, trains stopped at Zamrowski Tank to refill with water.
In 1901, trains were able to get water at Zamrowski Railway Station.
The supply of water came from Chinaman’s Dam.
The size of the dam was enlarged in 1911 to hold about 2 million gallons.
When the town water supply was connected to the Burrinjuck Dam, the railways stopped using Chinaman’s Dam.
In 1937 the area turned into a 36-acre park.
The Shire Council looks after the gardens.
The dam has since been made bigger.
Ammunition, often called ammo, comes from the French word la munition.
At first it meant all items used for war.
This was from the Latin word munire (to provide).
It now is used only for bullets and other projectiles that are thrown at the enemy by guns, and the gunpowder or other propellant that throws the projectiles.
The group word for all types of ammunition is munitions.
This means any explosive thing that can be used in combat and includes bombs, missiles, warheads, and mines (landmines, naval mines, and claymore mines).
These are made in munitions factories.
Ammunition is mainly used to attack a target.
Ammunition can include flares and incendiary devices that start fires.
Since the invention of the cartridge, ammunition has come to mean the putting of a projectile - the item that is sent to hit the target, and its propellant - the chemical that creates the force, into a single package.
Ammunition is a complex subject.
It includes many different weapons used by people, such as explosives and propellants, cartridges, high explosive projectiles (HE), warheads, special shells to attack armour and aircraft, carrier projectiles, fuses, mortar ammunition, small arms (revolver and pistol) ammunition, grenades, mines, flares, improved conventional munitions, and computer guided munition.
An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by an emir, a dynastic Arab Monarch.
The word emirate or amirate comes from , Imaarah ; plural: إمارات, Imaraat.
The United Arab Emirates is a federal state of seven federal emirates, each administered by a hereditary emir, these seven elect the federation's President and Prime Minister.
Most emirates have either disappeared or become part of a larger modern state, some changed their rulers' title, e.g. to Malik (Arabic for King) or Sultan.
Therefore true emirate-states have become rare.
List of independent Emirates
List of former and integrated emirates
The Emirate of Armenia
Emirate of Sicily, Sicily 965-1072
Emirate of Granada, Spain 1228-1492
Emirate of Trarza, modern southwest Mauritania 1640s-1910s
Islamic Emirate of Waziristan
Az Zubayr
Bahrain, became a kingdom in 2002
What Is Life Really Like In Dubai, UAE?;
Mike Busniuk (born December 13, 1951 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player.
He is the younger brother of Ron Busniuk, who played for the Buffalo Sabres.
Only player in AHL history to be a member of four consecutive Calder Cup championship teams (1976–1979)
Canadian ice hockey forwards
People from Thunder Bay
Light rail in the United Kingdom
Electric railways in the United Kingdom
Newcastle, Tyne and Wear
Rapid transit in the United Kingdom
Sydney was born in London on 30 November 1991.
She first attended Broomfield House School in Kew.
She got her parents to take her to the children's agency Young'uns.
After her first audition she was offered the role of Cosette in Les Misérables.
The next year she had four performances per week at London's Palace Theatre while still doing schoolwork.
Sydney then auditioned for the Sylvia Young Theatre School.
She was accepted and started in September 2002.
Sydney lives in West London with her parents, two older brothers (Paul and Adam) and two younger brothers (Cameron and Spike).
She also has a dog called Digger.
She won a LAMDA award in 2003.
She currently stars in the CBBC programme Young Dracula.
She plays one of the main characters, Erin Noble.
The Snow Queen (2005) (TV)...Gerda
Prime Suspect: The Final Act (2006) (TV)...Girl on Heath
The Sarah Jane Adventures (1 episode, 2007)... Bubbleshock girl
Disney Channel Games...Herself
As the Bell Rings (1 episode, 2007)...Emma
Welcome to PCA (2009) (TV)...Missy Mean
The Rules of Love (Jess) (2010)
Doctors (Nikki) (2010)
Young Dracula (2011-Present) (TV)...Erin Noble
Welcome to PCA (2009)
Judicial nullification is a right of a judge to nullify (make invalid) a law if they feel it is too harsh in a certain situation where it is being applied.
During the Constitutional Convention many, including George Mason, Elbridge Gerry and James Wilson felt the courts could decide if a law was unconstitutional, and if so, refuse to enforce it.
Other founding fathers including John Francis Mercer, Gouverneur Morris and John Dickinson argued against allowing judges to have that power.
The issue was left unanswered.
However, when deciding that a new law needed the approval of the president, all attempts to have the judiciary approve new laws were soundly defeated.
Judicial Nullification is sometimes used to mean jury nullification.
More often it means nullifying a law, legal code or statute by a member of the judiciary.
In 1832 South Carolina said a new tariff law was unconstitutional, thus not really a law.
Vice President John C. Calhoun agreed, but President Andrew Jackson disagreed.
Jackson threatened to send troops.
The two sides negotiated.
Congress changed the tariff, and South Carolina decided the new law was not against the Constitution.
In 2011 the Supreme Court made a ruling that, in essence, says lower court judges can ignore the law.
There were three petitions before the Court asking if federal courts need to be stopped from ignoring laws, rules and facts.
The Supreme Court refused to grant certiorari (a writ seeking judicial review of a matter).
In other words, the Court refused to consider the three petitions.
Emir (; female: ; emira; (Persian and Urdu: ) "commander" or "general", also "prince"; also transliterated as amir, aamir or ameer) is a high title of nobility or office.
It is used throughout the Arab world and historically in some Turkic states and Afghanistan.
Emirs are usually considered high-ranking sheiks, but in monarchical states the term is also used for princes; then "emirate" means more or less the same as principality in this context.
Emir is the most common spelling in English and many other languages (for example, United Arab Emirates).
The spelling amir, that is closer to the original Arabic, is more common for its compounds (e.g., admiral) and in individual names.
Islamic titles
WorldStatesmen Religious Organisations – see also many present Muslim countries
Indonesia (central areas)
Western Australia - Australian Western Standard Time (AWST)
UTC offsets
cs:Časové pásmo#UTC+8 H, AWST (Australian Western Standard Time)
Launceston is a city in Australia.
It is the second biggest city in the state of Tasmania.
It has about 100,000 people.
It is at the place where the North Esk, South Esk and Tamar Rivers meet.
It was founded in 1806.
Cities in Tasmania
A governess is a female person who works for a family, teaching the children in their home.
She is not like a nanny who looks after them all day, dressing them etc.
The governess's job is to be their teacher.
She saw to their discipline and early education.
Often girls received all their education from their governess (or sometimes a tutor), though boys usually went away to boarding school before their teen years, and then some went on to college.
Very few children nowadays have a governess, but it was quite common in the families of rich people until around the beginning of the 20th century.
In England quite a lot of young children who lived in the country, a long way from good schools, had a governess.
When the boys were old enough they were sent away to a boarding school.
Governesses taught basic skills such as Reading, Writing and Arithmetic.
They may also have taught other skills such as French, piano playing and drawing or painting.
Sometimes other teachers might be
A governess was not a household worker, but she was not treated like a member of the family either.
This meant that they were often quite lonely, and they usually ate their meals alone.
For girls from a middle class background who were not married it was one of the only ways of earning a living.
When the children she taught (her "charges") grew up, she would have to find a new job.
Novels of the time were usually about rich families, and a governess often comes into the story, e.g. in Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre or Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey.
Maria, the main character in The Sound of Music, leaves the convent and becomes a governess to the children of the von Trapp family.
The Confederation of the Rhine was a client state of First French Empire.
It existed from 1806 through 1813.
Its ruler was Napoleon I of France, called "Protector of the Federation".
It included most of the German states but not the two biggest, Prussia and Austria.
The Confederation of the Rhine was one of the successors of Holy Roman Empire and one of the predecessors of the German Confederation.
The confederation only lived a few years but it was a precedent for the later unification of Germany.
It temporarily unified many of the diverse German states east of the Rhine River.
1813 disestablishments
1810s disestablishments in Europe
Leonard Constant Lambert (23 August 1905 – 21 August 1951) was a British composer and conductor.
Lambert’s father was the painter George Washington Lambert who had come to England from  Australia.
Lambert was often ill when he was a child.
He went to school at Christ's Hospital and won a scholarship to the  Royal College of Music.
He soon became interested in French and Russian music.
He became friends with other famous people including the Sitwell family, William Walton, Philip Heseltine and Bernard van Dieren.
He and Edith Sitwell were the reciters at a performance of Walton’s Façade.
Lambert was a prodigy: he was composing music for orchestra when he was only 13, and when he was 20 he was asked to write a ballet for Serge Diaghilev's world-famous Ballets Russes (Romeo and Juliet).
He soon became very famous.
His best known work is The Rio Grande for piano solo, chorus and orchestra.
It has a mixture of musical styles: jazz, habaneras and the influence of  Delius and Duke Ellington.
During the 1930s he performed a lot as a conductor with the Vic-Wells Ballet (later the Royal Ballet), but he stopped composing music.
Lambert thought he had failed as a composer, and only finished two more big works in the last  sixteen years of his life.
He continued conducting, and appeared at Covent Garden and in BBC broadcasts, and travelled to Europe and America conducting ballets.
He was an excellent ballet conductor and helped the dancers to give their best performance.
During the war he became ill.
He refused to see a doctor.
He was working very hard and also drinking a lot.
Lambert liked jazz and thought it was an important influence on popular culture of the time.
He wrote a book about this, called Music Ho! (
1934).
The book is widely read today, although it shows a very personal approach to music.
Lambert was married twice.
His first marriage was to Florence Kaye.
He later married Isabel Nichols, an artist, in 1947.
After Constant Lambert's death, Isabel married the composer Alan Rawsthorne.
Lambert died on 21 August 1951.
He had pneumonia and it was also found that he had diabetes made worse by alcoholism.
Kensington is a neighborhood in Calgary, Alberta.
It is around the intersection of Kensington Road and 10th St. NW.
The neighborhood hosts Christmas in Kensington Village in December, the Sun and Salsa Festival in July, as well as the Bizarre Bikes & Bazaar in May.
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (born London, 15 August 1875; died Croydon,  1 September 1912) was an English composer.
Coleridge-Taylor died in Holborn, London.
His black father was a doctor from Sierra Leone,  his mother was English.
His parents were not married.
The father went back to Africa by February 1875.
He had the job of coroner for the British Empire in the Gambia in the late 1890s.
He did not know anything about his son’s existence.
Coleridge-Taylor was brought up in Croydon .
He studied the violin at the Royal College of Music and composition with Charles Villiers Stanford.