the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese(II) oxide, brown-pink
Manganese(III) oxide, black, found in dead batteries
Manganese(IV) oxide, black, oxidizing agent, used in alkaline batteries
Manganese(VII) oxide, red oil, explosive
Mercury(II) oxide, red, toxic, used in mercury batteries
Nickel(II) oxide, light green
Nickel(III) oxide, rare, oxidizing agent
Rubidium oxide, yellowish, rare, highly reactive
Silicon dioxide, colorless crystalline compound, very common in earth
Silver(I) oxide, brown-black, used in silver oxide batteries
Thallium(I) oxide, black, dissolves in water
Thallium(III) oxide, white, oxidizing agent
Thorium(IV) oxide, white, radioactive
Tin(II) oxide, black or red, flammable
Tin(IV) oxide, white, ore of tin
Uranium(VI) oxide, yellow, toxic and radioactive
Tungsten(VI) oxide, yellow
Zinc oxide, white, used in sunscreen
Nonmetal oxides
Bromine dioxide, yellow crystals, unstable
Carbon dioxide, colorless heavy gas, exhaled by animals
Carbon monoxide, colorless gas, toxic
Chlorine dioxide, powerful oxidizing gas
Dinitrogen tetroxide, colorless corrosive gas
Dinitrogen pentoxide, anhydride of nitric acid
Dihydrogen oxide, colorless liquid
Iodine pentoxide, colorless solid, anhydride of iodic acid
Nitric oxide, toxic gas, easily oxidized
Nitrogen dioxide, toxic brown choking gas
Nitrous oxide, sweet gas, used in whipping cream bottles and anesthetics
Phosphorus(III) oxide, smells like garlic, toxic
Phosphorus(V) oxide, absorbs water readily, white, irritating
Selenium dioxide, white solid, has horseradish odor
Selenium trioxide, very reactive solid
Tellurium dioxide, most common tellurium compound, white or yellow solid
Tellurium trioxide, highly reactive solid
Sulfur dioxide, colorless heavy toxic gas, "burned" odor
Sulfur trioxide, irritating toxic liquid
exit in computing means to terminate a task or program.
On many computer operating systems, a process is stopped by making a system call, called exit.
An exit in a multithreading environment means that a thread of execution has stopped running.
The operating system reclaims memory that was used by the process.
The process is said to be a dead process after it terminates.
exit (command)
Kip Winger (born Charles Frederick Kip Winger, June 21, 1961, Denver, Colorado) is an American rock musician.
He is a member of the band Winger, and a solo artist.
Winger is an American metal band from in New York City.
Winger became popular during the late 1980s and early 1990s from songs like Seventeen, Headed for a Heartbreak and Miles Away.
As the music scene changed in the early to mid-1990s with the popularity of grunge music, the band lost popularity after their third album Pull.
After the band broke up in 1994, some of the band members began solo careers.
The band reunited in 2001 with a new guitarist (John Roth).
In 2006, the band's 1993 touring line-up (except for Paul Taylor) re-united to record the band's first studio album in over 13 years, IV.
In 2009 the band released a fifth album, Karma.
musical groups from New York City
She has won 27 WTA Titles, nine in singles and eighteen in doubles.
In singles, Petrova has a career high ranking of World No.
3 in May 2006.
She has reached the semi-finals of the French Open in 2003 and 2005.
In doubles, she won the Sony Ericsson Championships in 2004 with Meghann Shaughnessy.
As of 29 August 2011, Petrova was ranked World No.
30 in singles and World No.
9 in doubles.
Nadja Petrowa at the Women's Tennis Association
Nadja Petrowa at ITF Tennis
Official Nadia Petrova Page
Nadia Petrova Fanpage
Ipswich is a large city in Queensland, Australia.
It has a population of about 155,000 people.
Ipswich is the oldest provincial city in Queensland, and has more than 6000 heritage listed houses, shops, public buildings and historic sites.
It is also the site of the Amberley Air Base, the Royal Australian Air Force's largest operating base.
Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is a common sulfate mineral made of calcium sulfate.
Gypsum has been used as a building material for a long time, possibly since the neolithic.
Today, it is an ingredient of plaster of paris.
It can also be used as a fertilizer.
It is softer than most minerals, with a value of 2 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.
This mineral can be, somewhat, scratched with your fingernail.
A fingernail, with a value of 2.5 on the  Mohs scale of mineral hardness is in fact higher than the mineral shown above.
It is an ingredient of Portland cement.
Richard Erwin Rood (October 8, 1980-April 20, 1999), was an American professional wrestler.
He is best known by his ring name "Ravishing" Rick Rude and wrestled for the professional wrestling promotions World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1987 to 1998.
In his wrestling career he was a one-time WWF Intercontinental Champion and won numerous championships in WCW and ECW.
Scholastic (or Scholastic Inc.) is a global book publishing company known for making educational items for schools, teachers, and parents, and selling and giving them by mail order and via book clubs and book fairs.
It also has the all the publishing rights to the Harry Potter book series in the United States.
Notable books
The Amazing Days Of Abby Hayes
Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls series
The Adventures of the Bailey School Kids series
Alvin, Simon and Theodore
The Baby-sitters Club
Bananas (magazine)
Bone (colorized editions)
Captain Underpants series
Clifford the Big Red Dog (series)
Dynamath (magazine)
Genny in a Bottle series
Ghostville Elementary series
Guardians of Ga'hoole series
Geronimo Stilton series
History of My Back Yard seriesI-SpyJigsaw Jones MysteriesThe Magic School Bus seriesPLAY!
Scholastic (magazine)The Hunger GamesThe Royal Diaries seriesRipley's Believe It or Not!
Special Edition (annual)Scholastic News (magazines)Science WorldStar Wars seriesSunfire seriesThe Scholastic Dictionary of SpellingT*WitchesWarriors seriesWishbone seriesWow'' (magazine)
Scholastic has been criticized for bad marketing to children.
A large number of titles have strong media tie-ins and are considered short in literary and artistic merit by some people.
Consumer groups have also said that Scholastic is selling too many toys and video games to children.
Official website on Tom Snyder Productions, a division of Scholastic
Official website of Soup2Nuts, an animation studio division of Scholastic
Official website of Klutz Press, a division of Scholastic
Official website of TeachersPayTeachers.com
Scholastic Art & Writing Awards
Blog: On Our Minds At Scholastic
Johnny Bravo is a Cartoon Network television series that started in the year 1997 and ended the year 2004.
Several celebrities (like Adam West and Donny Osmond) guest star.
The show is now very popular.
It was created by Van Partible.
The series premiered July 14, 1997 and ended officially August 27, 2004.
The series is a spin-off of World Premiere Toons, also known as the What a Cartoon!
Johnny Bravo (voiced by Jeff Bennett): The show's main protagonist.
A dumb muscular blonde who trys to get chicks, but always fails.
He's very confident and he rarley gives up.
He loves his mother and himself very much.
He always wears black shades, blue pants, and black shoes and a shirt.
He often combs his long hair, because he really likes how it looks.
In many ways he's based on Elvis Presley and his moves are based on Michael Jackson.
Bunny Bravo (voiced by Brenda Vaccaro): Johnny's mother.
She has much common sense then Johnny, and she does not like Johnny's lack of good and mature behavior.
She became a little crazier when the show was retooled in its second season.
She loves Johnny very much.
She's usually called Momma by Johnny.
Little Suzy (voiced by Mae Whitman): Johnny and Bunny's next-door neighbor.
She's a little girl who likes Johnny very much, but Johnny thinks she's just annoying.
Carl Chryniszzswics (voiced by Tom Kenny): A smart guy who now annoys Johnny very much, but they used to be friends a long time ago.
Carl was introduced on the show's second season when the show was retooled.
Pops (voiced by Larry Drake): A greedy restaurant owner who sometimes acts as a father figuire.
Like Carl, Pops was introduced on the show's second season when the show was retooled.
Lars Thiesgaard – Johnny Bravo
Ann Hjort – Lille Suzie / Bunny Bravo
Timm Mehrens – Carl Chryniszzswics
Peter Røschke – Pops
A video game titled Johnny Bravo in The Hukka Mega Mighty Ultra Extreme Date-O-Rama!
was released on June 9, 2009 for the Nintendo DS and PlayStation 2.
The PlayStation 2 version was released exclusively in Europe and Australia by Blast Entertainment, while the DS version was released in North America by MumboJumbo.
Characters from Johnny Bravo are featured in the Cartoon Network games Cartoon Network: Block Party, Cartoon Network Racing, Cartoon Network Speedway, Cartoon Network Universe: FusionFall, and Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion.
Randy Duane Couture (born June 22, 1963 in Everett, Washington) is an American mixed martial artist, Greco-Roman wrestler and actor fighting for the UFC.
Couture has won the UFC Heavyweight Championship 3 times, the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship 2 times and is a UFC Hall of Famer.
Couture also acted in the movie The Expendables as Toll Road.
Randy Couture's Official website
People from Everett, Washington
Jason Michael Lee (born April 25, 1970 in Orange, California) is an American professional Skateboarder turned actor.
Growing up in Orange, California, he became a skateboarder at age 13.
As a professional skateboarder he traveled worldwide and appeared in several skateboard videos.
With a friend he founded the companies Stereo Skateboards and Stereo Sounds Clothing.
Deciding to get out of skateboarding before he was too old, he began acting in 1993.
His first break as a lead actor came in 1995 and the movie Mallrats (alongside Jeremy London).
He continued to appear in a number of major Hollywood movies.
He is known as an indie darling known for playing quirky characters.
In 2005, he gambled on accepting the lead in the My Name is Earl television series.
The sitcom ran for four years.
In 2007, he played Dave Seville in Alvin and the Chipmunks.
He played the role again in the 2009 sequel.
People from Orange, California
Jay Dee "B.J." Penn  (born December 13, 1978 in Hilo, Hawaii) is an American mixed martial artist.
He fights for the UFC.
Penn is a former one-time UFC Lightweight Champion and one-time UFC Welterweight Champion.
Penn was also the coach of the 5th season of The Ultimate Fighter against the other coach, Jens Pulver.
Penn is also a former one-time Rumble on the Rock Lightweight Champion.
B.J. Penn's Official website
Constitutional economics is a program of joint study of economics and constitutionalism.
Constitutional economics tries to explain the selection of constitutional rules "limiting the choices and activities of economic and political agencies."
Constitutional economics tries bringing together constitutional economic rights of the citizens and economic policy of the state.
The term “constitutional economics” was created in 1982 by the U.S. economist Richard McKenzie.
Then it was used by another American economist – James M. Buchanan – as a name for a new academic sub-discipline.
Buchanan’s work brought him in 1986 the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his "development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making."
Buchanan rejects "any organic conception of the state" as superior in wisdom, to the citizens of this state."
Buchanan believes that every constitution is created for at least several generations of citizens.
Therefore, it must be able to balance interests of the state, society, and each individual.
The U.S. judge Richard Posner stresses the important role of state constitution in the economic development.
He asserts that "effective protection of basic economic rights promotes economic growth."
The Supreme Court of India used practical interpretation of the Indian Constitution to protect the poorest and most oppressed groups of the population in several cases of public interest litigation.
This is an example of real life application of the methodology of constitutional economics.
Importance for transitional and developing countries
Constitutional economics pays special attention to such topic as proper national wealth distribution.
Many countries with changing or developing economic systems still regard their constitutions as abstract legal documents having nothing in common with actual economic policy of the state.
Three quarters of all independent states are still living under nearly absolute state control of the national economy.
Neither civil society nor individual citizens in these states have any influence on the decisions taken in the process of national wealth distribution.
Therefore, constitutional economics is especially important for the countries whose political and economic systems are in transition and where the state rarely respects constitutional economic rights of its citizens.
Backhaus, Jürgen G., ed.
The Elgar Companion to Law and Economics:
Farina, Francesco, 2005. "
Constitutional Economics I," pp.
184-222.
Van den Hauwe, Ludwig, 2005.
"Constitutional Economics II," pp.
223-38.
James A. Dorn, 2004. "
Creating a Constitutional Order of Freedom in Emerging Market Economies,"  Economic Affairs, 24(3), pp.
Buchanan, James M., 1974.
The Limits of Liberty: Between Anarchy and Leviathan  Library of Economics and Liberty
_, 1986. "
The Constitution of Economic Policy," Nobel Prize lecture,  reprinted in American Economic Review, 77(3), p p. 243-250.
_, 1987. "
constitutional economics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, v. 1, pp.
585–88.
_, 1990a. "
The Domain of Constitutional Economics," Constitutional Political Economy, 1(1), pp.
1-18.
Also at Buchanan, 1990b.
_ and Gordon Tullock, 1962.
The Calculus of Consent.
University of Michigan Press.
Chapter-preview links.
Constitutional Political Economy.
Description and abstract links.
Bruno Frey, 1997,  "A Constitution for Knaves Crowds out Civic Virtues," Economic Journal, 107(443), p p. 1043-1053.
Friedrich A. Hayek, 1960.
The Constitution of Liberty.
Chicago. "
The Rule of Law," ch.
Law, Legislation and Liberty.
3 v.:
Rules and Order.
Scroll down to chapter-preview links.
v. 2.
The Mirage of Social Justice.
The Political Order of a Free People.
Dennis C. Mueller, 2008. "
constitutions, economic approach to,' The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition.
Sutter, Daniel, 1995. "
Constitutional Politics within the Interest-Group Model," Constitutional Political Economy, 6(2), p p. 127 -137.
Voigt, Stefan, 1997.
"Positive Constitutional Economics: A Survey," Public Choice, 90(1-4), p p. 11-53.
The FIA Super Licence is a qualification allowing the licence (license) holder to take part in Formula One Grands Prix as a driver.
The licence is issued by the FIA upon request.
There are several requirements to qualify for an FIA Super Licence.
The driver requesting the licence must already have a Grade A competition licence.
They must also meet the requirements of the FIA International Sporting Code, Appendix L. Appendix L lists other racing experience required.
One of the following is required:
The driver must be the current champion in one of the lower FIA racing series.
Examples of the lower series include Formula 3 (British, Italian, Japanese or Euroseries) or Formula Two (formerly known as GP2 and Formula 3000),
The driver must have finished well on a regular basis in one of the above categories.
Drivers who have competed in the IndyCar Series are eligible for a Super Licence if they finished in the top six places of the drivers championship.
This allows drivers from the United States domestic series to move into Formula One without first taking part in other FIA sanctioned events.
In rare and special cases, Appendix L allows the FIA to award a Super Licence to a driver who does not meet the normal requirements.
A yes vote by all the members is required.
The driver must also completed 300 kilometres of testing at racing speeds in a current car.
Nationality of drivers
The nationality that appears on the racing licence is the same one that appears on the driver's passport.
This does not need to be the same as the country issuing the racing licence.
A Frenchman living in Germany can race with a German licence, but the nationality displayed would still be French.
In order to race as German, the driver would need to have German nationality as well.
For drivers with multiple citizenships, the driver chooses which country to drive for.
The official FIA Website
Appendix L to the International Sporting Code
Kijiji ( ; , Swahili for village) is a centralized network of online groups of people for writing local online classified advertisements.
It is a subsidiary of eBay launched in March 2005.
Kijiji is currently available for more than 300 cities in Germany.
Further Kijiji countries are France, Italy, Canada, China, India, Taiwan, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, and Japan.
Kijiji was made available to selected cities in the United States on June 29, 2007, under the name of eBay Classifieds.
Kijiji offers similar services and is seen as a competitor to Craigslist with the biggest exception being that Kijiji has quite an extensive pets section.
Kijiji's owner eBay is also a minority shareholder in Craigslist.
In April 2008 eBay launched a lawsuit against Craigslist claiming that their executives were attempting to weaken eBay's investment, while in May of the same year, Craigslist filed a countersuit claiming Kijiji had stolen trade secrets and that eBay used misleading tactics to promote the service.
At that time, Marktplaats.nl had set out into Spain, Germany, Turkey and Canada under the name of Intoko.
Intoko Spain merged with Loquo, Intoko Germany merged with Kijiji Germany and Intoko Canada merged with Kijiji Canada.
Intoko Turkey transferred to the Kijiji platform and is currently operating as intoko.kijiji.com.tr.
In May 2005, eBay bought Gumtree, which offers a similar service for cities in the UK, Ireland, Poland, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, as well as the Spanish company Loquo.
One month later, it acquired OpusForum.org, another website offering online classifieds in Germany.
In July 2006, Klaus Gapp, the founder of OpusForum, noted that, after its acquisition, it had "merged with its new Kijiji classifieds business in the German speaking markets of Austria, Germany and Switzerland."
In August 2008, Kijiji re-branded their India site to Quikr.com.
The struggle for existence is a natural history [metaphor].
It refers to the competition between living things to survive.
This, and the similar phrase struggle for life, were used over 40 times by Charles Darwin in the Origin of Species, and the phrase is the title of chapter 3 of the Origin.
Darwin got the idea from his reading of the 6th edition of Thomas Malthus' Essay on the principle of population, and Alfred Russel Wallace also used the phrase regularly.
The idea is actually much older, and many natural historians have noted the competition between animals.
Generally speaking, they have been interested in the competition between species.
Malthus was probably the first to think about the struggle for resources between members of one species – humans.
Darwin first heard about Malthus in letters from his sister Fanny, while he was voyaging on HMS Beagle.
Fanny told him Malthus' ideas were being promoted by Harriet Martineau, an early feminist writer.p153 Later on, back in London, Darwin met Martineau over dinner, and put a lot of thought into the ideas of Malthus.
The number of humans could double in 25 years.
If they did not, it was because of competition for resources, such as food, or because wars and disease became more common.
Darwin began to realize that every species of living thing has the potential to increase geometrically (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, ....), yet this pattern of population growth does not happen in practice.
Darwin explains why organisms do not increase geometrically.
His reasons were the competition between animals, the limited amount of food, the climate, and epidemics.
All organisms are bound together in the struggle for existence by complex relationships between each other.
Also, the struggle for existence is greatest between organisms of the same species.
Later, he combined these ideas with two more.
One was the idea that, in the struggle, some would be better suited than others to succeed.p264–268 The other idea was heredity: that the characteristics must be at least partly inherited.
This led to his idea of evolution by means of natural selection.
Wallace independently came to the same conclusion.
Darwin used the phrase 'struggle for existence' as the title of the third chapter of his Origin of Species in 1859.
The old idea was now fitted into a complete theory.
"I should premise that I use the term Struggle for Existence in a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another, and including (which is more important) not only the life of the individual, but success in leaving progeny ... a plant on the edge of a desert is said to struggle for life against the drought, though more properly it should be said to be dependent on the moisture". (
p62 of the first edition)
"A struggle for existence inevitably follows from the high rate at which organic beings tend to increase". (
p63)
While recovering from malaria in the East Indies, Wallace sent an essay to Darwin in 1858.
It contained the phrase: "The life of wild animals is a struggle for existence".
Wallace had not known much about Darwin's ideas, and reached the idea from exactly the same source: one of the later editions of Malthus' Essay on population.
The arrival of this essay led to the joint publication of the idea of evolution by natural selection in 1958.
en:On the Origin of Species#Struggle for existence, natural selection, and divergence
Christopher Murray-Paul Huhne, commonly known as Chris Huhne (born 2 July 1954) is a British politician.
He was born in London and was a member of the Liberal Democrats until 2013.
In the 1980s he tried in vain to become an MP on behalf of the Social Democratic Party.
He was the Member of Parliament for Eastleigh from May 2005 until February 2013.
He was the United Kingdom's Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from May 2010 until February 2012.
When he was in that job, he decided on the most efficient ways of having electricity and other important resources in Britain.
There was an article in the newspaper that said Huhne wanted to have more nuclear power stations.
A lot of people think this is wrong.
Huhne was married to Greek economist Vicky Pryce (born 1952) from 1984 until they separated in 2010 and divorced in 2011.
Huhne and Pryce had three children together.
Social Democratic Party (UK) people
Malcolm in the Middle is an American sitcom.
It was shown on Fox.
It ran from January 9, 2000 to May 14, 2006.
Malcolm in the Middle won 9 Emmy Awards, 1 Peabody Award and 1 Grammy Award.
Frankie Muniz as Malcolm
Jane Kaczmarek as Lois
Bryan Cranston as Hal
Justin Berfield as Reese
Christopher Masterson as Francis
Erik Per Sullivan as Dewey
Malcolm in the Middle on fox.com
Television series about suburbia
Shays' Rebellion was a rebellion in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787.
The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels, also known as "Shaysites" or "Regulators".
Most of the rebels were poor farmers angered by their debt and taxes.
They could not pay their taxes and were afraid of going to jail or having their homes taken away from them.
They tried to stop the courts from taking property from indebted farmers by forcing the closure of courts in western Massachusetts.
The participants in Shays' Rebellion believed they were acting in the spirit of the American Revolution, modeled their tactics after the crowd activities of the 1760s and the 1770s, and used "liberty poles" and "liberty trees" to symbolize their cause.
Shays' Rebellion started on August 29, 1786, and by January 1787, over 1000 rebels had been arrested.
A militia, which had been raised as a private army, defeated an attack on the federal Springfield Armory by the main rebel force on February 3, 1787.
Shays' Rebellion produced fears that the American Revolution’s democratic impulse had gotten out of hand.
Over time, the farmers grew into armies, controlled by Shays and his men, as they tried to take back their rights.
18th century in Massachusetts
1786 in the United States
Burnout Revenge is a car racing game from the Burnout series of video games.
There is a game in the game called Take down where the player tries to knock as many players into a wall as possible.
It was released on September 13, 2005.
More about the game
Jarvis Green (born January 12, 1979) is an American football player.
He is a defensive end for the Denver Broncos.
He is 6'3 and weighs 285 pounds.
He was born in Thibodaux, Louisana.
He is 31 years old.
He went to Louisana State University.
bio and stats
Cooking Channel is an Anerican television channel It replaced Fine Living Network from May 31, 2010.
The channel is owned by Scripps Networks Interactive.
It is a spinoff of Food Network which is also owned by SNI.
The channel focuses more on instructional programs than "reality style" and competitions that Food Network is now geared towards.
The original plan was to make the change in the fall of 2010.
It was later announced that the switch would be made on May 31, 2010 to happen with Memorial Day in the United States.
Cooking Channel launched a high-definition channel on June 30, 2010.
The channel has also announced it eventually will offer an on demand version.
Many of Food Network's top chefs and celebrities had new programs on the channel starting in the fall of 2010.
These included - Emeril Lagasse, Rachael Ray and Bobby Flay.
Lagasse's program, Emeril's Fresh Food Fast, showed viewers how fresh food can be prepared in a short amount of time without the lose of authentic taste.
Flay's program, Bruch @ Bobby's focused on Weekend bruches/ Ray's program, Week In a Day showedviewers how to plan a week's menu by cooking them all in a single day.
The channel also carried the new "post-game" show for The Next Food Network Star.
It also aried replays of programs from cooks in Canada and Great Britain, These include Food Network Canada host David Rocco's  David Rocco's Dolce Vita and Irish chef Rachel Allen's Rachel Allen: Bake!.
Cooking Channel Fan Page on Facebook
Cooking Channel Chat Page on Twitter
21st-century establishments in Tennessee
Social Security is the name given to programs to provide money for health care, unemployment benefit and pension to people who need it.
In Europe, the term is very similar to welfare.
In the United States, it refers to a program started in the New Deal.
The program first gave money only to a few old people, but is now used by millions of people and is one of the largest and most costly programs in the federal government.
Social Security in the United States is managed by the Social Security Administration, and a person in the program gets a number and has it forever, mainly because of tax reports.
Social security Citizendium
Yorktown is a city in Virginia.
It is the county seat of York County, though it only has 220 people living there.
It is most known for the Battle of Yorktown, between American/French troops under George Washington and Jean Rochambeau, and British troops under Charles Cornwallis.
The British lost the battle, and had to surrender.
This led to the British giving up the American colonies.
A battle in the American Civil War was also fought there and was won by the Confederates.
The Pretty Reckless is an American rock band from New York City.
The band's lead singer is Taylor Momsen, who is also a rhythm guitarist.
Mark Damon is the band's bassist, Jamie Perkins is the drummer and Ben Phillips is a guitarist, The band formed (began) in 2008.
Their debut single, "Make Me Wanna Die" was release in late May and was #1 on the UK Rock Chart.
Their first album Light Me Up is set to release on August 31, 2010.
The band's influences come from grunge rock such as Nirvana, Soundgarden and Courtney Love who fronted the rock band Hole.
Other important influences are Joan Jett and Cherie Currie from The Runaways.
Original Songs by The Pretty Reckless:
Where Did Jesus Go?
Chromium(II) chloride, also known as chromous chloride.
Chromium(III) chloride, also known as chromic chloride or chromium trichloride.
Chromium(IV) chloride
Romy Schneider (September 23, 1938 - May 29, 1982) was an Austrian actress.
She was from Vienna.
She had German and French citizenship.
She had an international career, but worked mostly in France.
She was born Rosemarie Albach-Retty in Vienna, Austria.
Her parents were Wolf Albach-Retty (1906-1967) and Magda Schneider (1909-1996), both famous actors in Austria and Germany.
After her parents divorced in 1945, she was raised by her mother.
With her mother's help, and using her mother's family name, she started acting in 1953.
She quickly became very popular through Ernst Marischka's trilogy called Sissi, about the early life of Empress Elisabeth of Austria.
In 1958, she appeared in the movie Christine, opposite French actor Alain Delon.
They became engaged and she moved to France with him.
Schneider worked with directors such as Luchino Visconti in Boccacio (1961), Orson Welles in The Trial (1962), and Otto Preminger in The Cardinal (1963).
After her breakup with Delon in 1964, she went back to Germany.
There she married stage director Harry Meyen.
They had a son named David (1966-1981).
She acted with Delon again in the movie La piscine in 1969.
The rest of her career was mostly in France.
Notable movies included; Les choses de la vie (1970), Max et les ferrailleurs (1971), Le trio infernal (1974), Le vieux fusil (1975), La banquière (1980), La passante du Sans-Souci (1981).
Her later years were plagued by personal tragedies.
She gave birth to a stillborn child in 1976 by her second husband Daniel Biasini.
Her first husband Harry Meyen killed himself in 1979.
Her son David accidentally died impaled while trying to go over a fence in 1981.
That same year she had a kidney operation.
She was found dead in her Paris apartment at the age of 43, probably from a heart attack, although no autopsy was performed.
She left a daughter Sarah Biasini (born 1977, by her second husband), who is an actress.
Angri is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, Campania, Italy.
It was the hometown of Teresina Raiola, the mother of famous American gangster Al Capone, as well Frank Nitti, another famous gangster.
It is also where Alfonso Maria Fusco lived and died.
2001 census data download Istituto Nazionale di Statistica
Palm Island is a man-made island in Biscayne Bay in the city of Miami Beach, Florida, United States.
Palm Island lies just south of Hibiscus Island.
It is a residential area, the site of exclusive neighborhoods and multi-million dollar homes.
The island is accessible via the MacArthur Causeway.
Famous people who lived there
Scott Storch
Louis L. Gregory
Location of Palm Island
The Mystery of Al Capone's Vault was a one-time live American television special broadcast in April of 1986.
It was hosted by Geraldo Rivera.
The program was about the opening of a secret vault once owned by Al Capone.
The program is best known for the vault being empty except for a few pieces of trash.
Al Capone's Vault on TV Acres.
Retrieved July 8, 2006.
Geraldo Rivera  on the Museum of Broadcast Communications by Susan Murray.
The Lexington Hotel  on Prairie Ghosts in 2003 by Troy Taylor.
Al Capone on the FBI homepage.
Retrieved August 30th.,
1986 in entertainment
John "Papa Johnny" Torrio, also known as "The Fox" (February 1882 – April 16, 1957) was an Italian-American mobster who helped make the criminal empire known as the Chicago Outfit in the 1920s.
Torrio would later give the Chicago Outfit to Al Capone.
He also thought of the National Crime Syndicate in the 1930s and later became an  to the Genovese crime family.
He was shot several times in 1925.
He died of a heart attack in Brooklyn in 1957.
Chicago Outfit mobsters
Italian crime victims
He was born at Beverley in Yorkshire, son of Sir William Alcock, Burgess of Kingston upon Hull and educated at Cambridge.
In 1461 he was made dean of Westminster, and his subsequent promotion was rapid in both church and state.
In  1461 he was made Master of the Rolls, and in 1470 was sent as ambassador to the court of Castile.
He became Bishop of Rochester on 15 March, Bishop of Worcester on 15 July 1476 and of Ely on 6 October 1486.
He was Lord Chancellor, once from June 1475 to September 1475 and then again from October 1485 to March 1487.
Alcock was one of the leading pre-Reformation churchmen; he was a man of deep learning and also a great architect.
He founded a charity at Beverley and a grammar school at Kingston upon Hull.
He restored many churches and colleges, but his greatest achievement was the building of Jesus College, Cambridge.
The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom.
He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State after the Lord High Steward.
The Lord Chancellor is appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Before the Union there were separate Lord Chancellors of England and Scotland.
Until Tony Blair became Prime Minister the Lord Chancellor was required to be a member of the House of Lords,was its presiding officer, and was Britain's highest-ranking judge.
Blair tried to abolish the position and wound up removing some of its responsibilities and dividing others, and now the holder is usually in the House of Commons.
The Lord Chancellor remains responsible for the Great Seal and for the efficient functioning and independence of the courts.
The current Lord Chancellor is Robert Buckland.
When the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland united to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain under the Acts of Union 1707 the offices of the Chancellor of England and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland were combined to form a single office of Lord Chancellor of Great Britain for the new state.
Campbell, J., 1st Baron. (
Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England From the Earliest Times Till the Reign of King George IV, 5th ed.
Companion to the Standing Orders and guide to the Proceedings of the Lords, 19th ed.
Department for Constitutional Affairs. (
2003). "
Constitutional Reform: Reforming the Office of the Lord Chancellor"
House of Lords. (
2003–2004).
Bill 30 (Constitutional Reform Bill).
"Lord High Chancellor" (1911).
1707 establishments
21st century in Chile
2000s in South America
Copiapó is a Chilean town in Region of Atacama.
It was founded in December 8, 1744.
It is also the capital of Region of Atacama and Province of Copiapó.
Glenn Edward Lee Beck (born February 10, 1964) is an American conservative radio and television show host.
He was born in Everett, Washington.
His television show, The Glenn Beck Program, has been played on Fox News Channel and on CNN's Headline News.
However, in April 2011, the Fox News Channel said it would stop showing Beck's show later that year.
The show was cancelled in June 2011 and was replaced by The Five.
He now has an online site called TheBlaze (it was called GBTV) where he does shows that people can pay to see.
Over 9 million people listen to his radio show every day.
Usually, between 2 and 3 million people watch his television show every day.
He has written nine books.
Also, he sometimes tells his audience about books he thinks they should read.
Several books that Beck recommended became the most popular book on Amazon.com.
Although Beck's show is very popular, not everybody agrees with his views.
He has been criticized for calling Barack Obama a racist and for talking about conspiracy theories.
Beck has been addicted to drugs and alcohol.
He has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
On November 10, 2014, Beck announced on TheBlaze that he had been suffering from a severe neurological disorder for at least the last five years.
Haruki Robert Nakamura (born April 18, 1986 in Elyria, Ohio) is an Japanese-American football safety for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League(NFL).
Nakamura was drafted out of the University of Cincinnati by the Baltimore Ravens with the 206th pick in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL Draft and played with them from 2008 to 2011.
His mother Karen was a fourth degree black belt and his father Ryozo was an eighth degree black belt.
Nakamura has two brothers named Mako and Yoshi and a sister named Kimi.
Haruki Nakamura at nfl.com
The Rev. Thomas Robert Malthus FRS (13 February 1766 – 23 December 1834), was a British writer on political economy and population.
Malthus popularised the economic theory of rent, and was the first to use the phrase struggle for existence.
Views on population
Malthus is famous for his theories about population: its increase or decrease in response to various factors.
There were six editions of his An Essay on the Principle of Population, published from 1798 to 1826.
He said that sooner or later population gets checked, by famine, disease, and widespread mortality.
He wrote in opposition to many who saw society as improving, and (in principle) as perfectible.viii William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet, for example, believed in the possibility of almost limitless improvement of society.
So, in a more complex way, did Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose notions centered on the goodness of man and the liberty of citizens bound only by the social contract.
"The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man".p13
As an Anglican clergyman, Malthus saw this situation as divinely imposed to teach virtuous behaviour.p104–105 Believing that one could not change human nature, Malthus wrote:
"Must it not then be acknowledged by an attentive examiner of the histories of mankind, that in every age and in every State in which man has existed, or does now exist,
that the increase of population is necessarily limited by the means of subsistence,
that population does invariably increase when the means of subsistence increase, and,
that the superior power of population is repressed, and the actual population kept equal to the means of subsistence, by misery and vice".p61
Economic views
Malthus placed the longer-term stability of the economy above short-term expediency.
He criticised the Poor Laws,p39-45 and (alone among important contemporary economists) supported the Corn Laws, which introduced a system of taxes on British imports of wheat.pxx He thought these measures would encourage domestic production, and so promote long-term benefits.
Malthus became hugely influential, and controversial, in economic, political, social and scientific thought.
Many evolutionary biologists read him, especially Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.
For both of them, Malthusianism became a stepping-stone to the idea of natural selection.
Malthus is still a writer of great significance and controversy.
The littoral zone refers to that part of a sea, lake or river which is close to the shore.
In coastal environments the littoral zone extends from the high water mark, which is rarely under water, to shoreline areas that are permanently submerged.
It always includes this intertidal zone and is often used to mean the same as the intertidal zone.
However, the meaning of "littoral zone" can extend well beyond the intertidal zone.
Collective animal behaviour describes and analyzes the behaviour of groups of animals.
In these groups, the animals are often all of the same species.
As an example, a school of fish will be made of mostly the same type of fish and a flock of birds will have the same type of bird.
A herd is a large group of hoofed, herbivorous mammals.
Animals tend to behave in such a way because this behaviour offers them a benefit.
The group of animals also behaves differently from a single animal.
Collective animal behaviour is about finding the rules each animal follows; how it communicates with other members of the group and how a decision to do something is reached in the group.
Full-time colonial animals fall into this category in principle, but in practice the species of interest here are those who form temporary groups.
Colonial animals have been researched for many years, and are usually based on some kind of family relationship.
Temporary collective behavior is a well-known phenomenon, but little researched until now.
Different functions
Protection from predators.
1.1 A school of fish is better protected from predation than a single fish: see shoaling and schooling.
One method by which fish schools or bird flocks may thwart predators is the ‘predator confusion effect’.
This theory is based on the idea that it becomes difficult for predators to pick out individuals from groups, because the moving targets create a sensory overload of the predator's visual channel.
1.2 A second potential anti-predator effect of animal aggregations is the ‘many eyes’ hypothesis.
As the size of the group increases, the task of scanning the environment for predators is spread out over many individuals.
This gives a higher level of vigilance, and allows more time for individual feeding.
1.3 A third possibility is the ‘encounter dilution’ effect.
Hamilton proposed that the aggregation of animals was due to a “selfish” avoidance of a predator, and was a form of cover-seeking.
Another formulation of the theory was combining avoidance and dilution.
It was suggested that potential prey might benefit by living together since a predator is less likely to chance upon a single group than a scattered distribution.
About attack, it was thought a predator is less likely to eat a particular animal when a greater number of individuals are present.
In sum, an individual has an advantage if it is in the larger of two groups (assuming that the probability of detection and attack does not increase disproportionately with the size of the group).
Better foraging: A school of fish or a group of animals is better at foraging.
Easier movement: Groups of animals moving together (such as fish or birds) save energy.
Many of the larger birds fly in flocks.
Flying in flocks helps in reducing the energy needed.
Many large birds fly in a V-formation, which helps individuals save 12–20 % of the energy they would need to fly alone.
Red Knots Calidris canutus and Dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km per hour faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
Social interaction: This can be seen with fish, such as herring.
If an animal is separated from the group, it will feel stressed.
Special factors come into play with migrating birds, or birds which gather in huge flocks, such as starlings.
Bird behavior has a larger component of learning than fish.
In addition to factors listed above is the possibility that migrating bird flocks are good at teaching first-year birds how to do the migration successfully.
The usual term for insects which are not always in a fixed colony, but move in large numbers is swarm.
There are many good examples: army ants for instance.
The best researched is the locust.
Locust swarming
Locusts are the swarming phase of short-horned grasshoppers of the family Acrididae.
These are species that can breed rapidly under suitable conditions.
Then they come together in large groups and become migratory.
They form bands as nymphs and swarms as adults—both of which can travel great distances, rapidly stripping fields and greatly damaging crops.
There is no taxonomic difference between locust and grasshopper species, and in English the term "locust" is used for grasshopper species that change morphologically and behaviourally on crowding, to form swarms or hopper bands.
These changes, or phase polymorphism, were first thought of as separate species.
Research at Oxford University showed that swarming is a response to overcrowding.
Increased tactile stimulation of the hind legs causes an increase in levels of serotonin.
This causes the locust to change colour, eat much more, and breed much more easily.
The transformation of the locust to the swarming variety is induced by several contacts per minute over a four-hour period.
It is estimated that the largest swarms have covered hundreds of square miles and consisted of many billions of locusts.
Plagues of locusts appear in both the Bible and the Koran, including one of the Biblical Plagues of Egypt, where locusts ate all the crops of Egypt.
Modelling large groups
Move in the same direction as your neighbour
Stay close to your neighbours
Do not collide with your neighbours
Recent studies have shown that an animal only picks five to seven other animals, and aligns with them.
This seems to be independent of the distance.
Another approach is when all animals within a certain distance are noted for alignment.
Small social groups
Primates are a good example of animals which almost always live in small groups.
The groups are based on a family, a group of families, or females 'owned' by a dominant male, together with offspring.
Chromium(II) chloride is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is CrCl2.
It is a white crystalline chemical.
It dissolves in water to produce a bright blue solution.
If the water has a little acid in it, hydrogen is produced.
If the water has a little base in it, chromium(II) oxide is produced.
The water needs to be very pure.
It is made by reacting chromium(III) chloride and hydrogen at a high temperature.
It can also be made by reduction of chromium(III) chloride with zinc.
It is used in science research.
Sodium dichromate is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is Na2Cr2O7.
It consists of sodium and dichromate ions.
It is an orange crystalline solid.
It is an intermediate in making chromium.
It is used to make leather.
It is also used in making organic chemical compounds.
It is a strong oxidizing agent and a toxic carcinogen.
Chromium, a chemical element
Chrome plating, putting a surface of chromium on metal objects
Chrome alum, a sulphate of chromium previously used in tanning leather
Google Chrome, a web browser
Google Chrome OS, the operating system of the browser
Chromebook, the laptop that runs the operating system
Chrome plating is the coating of a metal object with a thin layer of chromium metal, also known as chrome.
It is normally plated by electrolysis.
It can be used to reduce corrosion or for a decorative effect.
Mount Carmel Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery in the Chicago suburb of Hillside, Illinois.
The cemetery is near the Eisenhower Expressway (Interstate 290) at Wolf and Roosevelt Roads.
It is close to three other cemeteries.
They are Queen of Heaven Cemetery, Catholic Cemetery, and Oakridge Glen Oaks Cemetery.
The cemetery is  in size.
There are over 226,275 people buried at Mount Carmel.
The Bishop's Mausoleum is in Mount Carmel Cemetery.
It was designed by William J. Brinkmann.
It is the burial place of the Bishops and Archbishops of Chicago.
Cardinal Joseph Bernardin was buried there after his 1996 death.
Also on the cemetery grounds are the burial places of some organized crime figures.
There are over 400 family mausoleums on the cemetery grounds.
People Buried At Mt. Carmel
Julia Buccola Petta - also known as "The Italian Bride"
Samuel Stritch
John Cody
Joseph Bernardin
James Edward Quigley
William Quarter
Patrick Feehan
Vincent Drucci
Joseph Giunta
Genna Brothers - Sam, Vincenzo, Pete, "Bloody" Angelo, Antonio, and Mike "The Devil".
Antonio Lombardo
"Machine Gun" Jack McGurn
Dean O'Banion
Frank Rio
Roger Touhy
Earl "Hymie" Weiss
Phillipo Catalano
Catholic Cemeteries of Chicago
Mount Carmel page on Graveyards of Chicago
Mercury(II) chloride, also known as mercuric chloride and corrosive sublimate, is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is HgCl2.
It has mercury and chloride ions in it.
The mercury is in its +2 oxidation state.
It can be made by reacting chlorine with mercury.
It is not ionic, like most metal-nonmetal chemical compounds are.
For example, it evaporates easily when heated, while ionic compounds like sodium chloride stay solid.
It dissolves in water, but much better in hot water than in cold water.
It also dissolves in chloride solutions.
It is very corrosive and a strong oxidizing agent.
It reacts with bases to make mercury(II) oxide.
It can be made by reacting mercury(I) chloride or mercury metal with chlorine.