the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He was the second son of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
In 1686, Pope Innocent XII made him a cardinal.
In 1709, he was permitted to give up his role as cardinal on 14 July 1709 the same year.
12 November 1660 – 6 March 1694: His Highness Prince Francesco Maria de' Medici.
6 March 1694 – 3 February 1711: His Highness The Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro.
2 September 1686 – 19 June 1709: His Eminence Cardinal Francesco Maria de' Medici.
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Medici, Francesco Maria de'
Catholic-Hierarchy, (Layman) Francesco Maria de’ Medici
January 5 - Heavy snow falls all over Great Britain causing lots of transport disruption, school closures, power failures and 25 deaths.
It is the worst 'cold spell' since the Winter of 1981-1982.
January 9 - Daily Mirror journalist Rupert Hamer is killed in Afghanistan.
January 26 - The UK is declared to be out of recession.
January 29 - Former Prime Minister Tony Blair gives evidence at the Iraq inquiry.
February 2 - Well-known Birmingham based confectionary giant Cadbury is taken over by American rival Kraft Foods in an £11.5billion deal.
February 5 - After long negotiations, the leading political parties in Northern Ireland agree to devolve matters such as policing and justice to the Northern Ireland Executive.
February 19 - Amy Williams wins Great Britain's only medal at the Winter Olympics.
March 5 - Prime Minister Gordon Brown gives evidence to the Iraq inquiry.
March 20 - A three-day strike by British Airways cabin crew begins.
April 6 - Prime Minister Gordon Brown asks for the Queen's permission to dissolve parliament, in order to have a general election.
April 15 - A cloud of volcanic ash from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland causes the closure of airspace over the United Kingdom and northern and western Europe.
April 15 - The first of three televised debates between the leaders of the three main political parties in the UK is shown on ITV.
May 6 - 2010 General Election: The Conservative Party wins the most seats however does not have enough seats to form a majority government, thus resulting in a hung parliament, the first since 1974.
Final results were: Conservatives (307 MP's), Labour (258 MP's), Liberal Democrats (57 MP's), DUP (8 MP's), SNP (6 MP's), Sinn Fein (5 MP's), SDLP (3 MP's), Plaid Cymru (3 MP's), Green Party (1 MP) and Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (1 MP).
Notable results include the First Minister of Northern Ireland Peter Robinson losing his Belfast East seat and the election of the first ever Green Party MP.
May 11 - David Cameron, leader of the Conservative Party becomes Prime Minister at the head of a Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition with Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister.
Gordon Brown resigns as Prime Minister and as leader of the Labour Party.
May 24 - Three people are killed in a school bus crash near Keswick, Cumbria.
May 29 - The UK, represented by Josh Dubovie, finishes last in the Eurovision Song Contest.
May 29 - Liberal Democrat MP David Laws resigns as Chief Secretary to the Treasury after just two weeks, due to expenses claims.
June 2 - A taxi driver called Derrick Bird goes on a shooting spree in Cumbria and 12 people are killed and 25 injured.
June 12 - The England national football team's World Cup campaign starts with a 1-1 draw the United States.
June 15 - The Saville inquiry into the 'Bloody Sunday' shootings of 1972 finds the acts committed by the British Army were 'unjustified and unjustifiable' and Prime Minister David Cameron makes a formal apology on behalf of the government.
June 18 - The England national football team only manages a 0-0 draw with the Algeria national football team.
June 22 - Chancellor George Osborne presents the coalition government's emergency budget statement to the House of Commons.
The most notable changes include a 2.5% increase in VAT to 20% and a 25% reduction in public spending.
June 25 - David Cameron announces that he wants all British troops out of Afghanistan by 2015.
June 27 - England is eliminated from the World Cup after losing 4-1 to Germany.
June - Beavers are bred in the wild, in Scotland, for the first time in 400 years.
July 5 - Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg announces that a referendum on introducing the alternative vote system for Westminster elections will be held on 5 May 2011.
July 10 - After a week-long manhunt by Northumbria police, fugitive gunman Raoul Moat commits suicide.
July 11 - Englishman Howard Webb referees the FIFA World Cup final.
July 23 - Jon Venables, who sadistically murdered toddler James Bulger in 1993 aged 11, is sentenced to two years in prison after admitting distributing child pornography.
July 28 - Home Secretary Theresa May announces plans to scrap the use of Anti-Social Behaviour Orders in England and Wales.
August 3 - Pakistan's President Asif Ali Zardari arrives for a five-day visit, but is under pressure for being absent from his country during a major flooding disaster.
September 1 - Former Prime Minister Tony Blair's memoirs entitled A Journey is released.
September 10 - The government unveils plans to privatise Royal Mail.
September 16 - Pope Benedict XVI begins a four-day state visit to Scotland and England.
This is the first papal visit to the UK since 1982.
September 25 - Ed Miliband is elected leader of the Labour Party, narrowly defeating his brother David Miliband.
October - All four countries of the UK participate in the Commonwealth Games.
October 8 - Scottish aid worker Linda Norgrove is killed in an attempt to rescue her after she was kidnapped in Afghanistan.
November 5 - Nigel Farage is re-elected as leader of the UK Independence Party.
November 10 - First round of student protests against higher University tuition fees.
November 11 - The Government unveils plans for the biggest shake up of the welfare system since the 1940s.
November 16 - Prince William and Kate Middleton announce their engagement.
November 19 - Two Scottish miners are amongst a group of 29 miners who are trapped after an explosion in the Pike River Mine in New Zealand.
A second explosion five days later confirms their deaths.
November 28 - Heavy snow falls across Britain, causing heacy disruption for weeks, leading, among others, to flight cancellations, and postponing of sports fixtures.
It is the second prolonged cold spell within a year.
December 2 - England's bid to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup fails.
December 9 - MPs vote to increase University tuition fees.
There are massive student demonstrations in response to it.
December 17 - Joanna Yeates disappears in Bristol.
She is found dead on Christmas Day.
December 21 - Stephen Griffiths, known as the 'Crossbow Cannibal' is sentenced for the murders of three women.
December 23 - Scottish politician Tommy Sheridan is found guilty of perjury.
December 28 - Police in Bristol announce that Joanna Yeates died of strangulation.
December 29 - England's national cricket team retains The Ashes against Australia.
August 24 - Florence Cameron, daughter of Prime Minister David Cameron.
December 29 - Savannah Phillips, first great-grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II.
January 9 - Rupert Hamer, 39, journalist
January 19 - Bill McLaren, 86, rugby commentator
January 22 - Jean Simmons, 81, actress
February 6 - John Dankworth, 82, musician
February 11 - Alexander McQueen, 40, fashion designer
February 19 - Lionel Jeffries, 83, actor
March 1 - Kristian Digby, 32, television presenter
March 2 - Winston Spencer-Churchill, 69, politician
March 3 - Keith Alexander, 53, football manager
March 3 - Michael Foot, 96, former Labour Party leader
March 5 - Philip Langridge, 70, tenor
March 7 - Kenneth Dover, 89, classicist
March 15 - Ashok Kumar, 53, politician
March 20 - Harry Carpenter, 84, sports commentator
March 22 - James W. Black, 85, Nobel Prize laureate
April 4 - Alec Bedser, 91, cricketer
April 6 - Corin Redgrave, 70, actor and political activist
April 7 - Christopher Cazenove, 64, actor
April 8 - Malcolm McLaren, 64, former Sex Pistols manager
April 25 - Alan Sillitoe, 82, writer
May 2 - Lynn Redgrave, 67, actress
May 8 - Florrie Baldwin, 114, supercentenarian
May 23 - Simon Monjack, 39, screenwriter, producer and director
June 7 - Stuart Cable, 40, musician
June 16 - Ronald Neame, 99, cinematographer, producer and screenwriter
June 21 - Stanley Lucas, 110, supercentenarian
June 25 - Alan Plater, 75, writer
July 1 - Geoffrey Hutchings, 71, actor
July 2 - Beryl Bainbridge, 77, writer
July 10 - Raoul Moat, 37, fugitive gunman
July 21 - Anthony Rolfe Johnson, 69, tenor
July 24 - Alex Higgins, 61, snooker player
August 6 - Tony Judt, 62, historian
August 10 - Jimmy Reid, 78, union leader
August 17 - Edwin Morgan, 90, poet
September 3 - Cyril Smith, 82, politician
September 8 - Ian Cameron, 77, father of David Cameron
October 3 - Philippa Foot, 90, philosopher
October 4 - Norman Wisdom, 95, comedian and actor
October 14 - Simon MacCorkindale, 58, actor
October 18 - Elsie Steele, 111, supercentenarian
October 28 - Gerard Kelly, 51, actor
October 29 - Ronnie Clayton, 76, footballer
November 23 - Ingrid Pitt, 73, actress
November 25 - Bernard Matthews, 80, turkey farmer
November 29 - Maurice Wilkes, 97, computer scientist
December 12 - Tom Walkinshaw, 64, motor racing team boss
December 17 - Joanna Yeates, 25, landscape architect
December 19 - Anthony Howard, 76, journalist
December 20 - Brian Hanrahan, 61, journalist
December 24 - Elisabeth Beresford, 84, author
Regurgitation is the process of a human or animal letting out the food it had been digesting.
Sometimes, blood can come out as well.
Regurgitation can be very important to some animals, such as birds for example.
It is used by a number of species to feed their young.
This is especially when the young is in its nest or home and the parent hunts for food.
Or some birds can occasionally regurgitate pellets of food that is not digestable, such as bones and feathers.
Owls are known to do this.
Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (; 6 April 1875 – 20 April 1960) was a daughter of Tsar Alexander III of Russia and the eldest of  Czar Nicholas II two sisters.
She married her cousin Grand Duke Alexander Mikailovich of Russia and had seven children.
During her brother's reign, she lived a private life.
However, when monarchy fell, she escaped Russia and lived in England.
Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna was born on 6 April 1875 at Anichkov Palace in St. Petersburg.
Her mother was Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia.
After her grandfather died, her father became the Russian king.
At this time, Xenia was six years old.
It was difficult political time because of terrorist threats.
Alexander III moved with his family from the Winter Palace to the Gatchina Palace to protect his family.
Xenia, like her brothers, was educated by private tutors.
She studied foreign languages very much.
Apart from her native Russian, Xenia studied English, French, and German.
Xenia also learnt how to cook and make puppets and clothes.
She liked to ride, fish, draw, play gymnastics, dance, and perform the piano.
Xenia and her first cousin once removed, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia, who would also be her husband, used to play together as friends in the 1880s.
Alexander was also a friend of her brother Nicholas.
In 1886, twenty year old Alexander was in the navy.
Eleven year old Xenia sent him a card when his ship was in Brazil, "Best wishes and speedy return!
Your sailor Xenia".
In 1889, Alexander wrote of Xenia, "She is fourteen.
I think she likes me."
At age 15, though Xenia and Alexander wanted to marry, her parents did not want to allow them because Xenia was too young.
They were also unsure if Alexander was really very nice.
The Tsarina Maria Feodorovna complained that Alexander was too proud and rude.
It was not until January 1894 that Xenia's parents allowed them to engage.
The couple finally wed on 6 August 1894 at Peterhof Palace.
Xenia's younger sister, Olga, wrote about the joy of her the wedding, "The Emperor was so happy.
It was the last time I ever saw him like that."
The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (, ), also called the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, ROCA, or ROCOR) is a small part of the Russian Orthodox Church.
It has over 400 parishes worldwide, and an estimated membership of over 400,000 people.
Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin (;  – 18 December 1980) was a Russian man who was Premier of the Soviet Union.
He was a friend of the previous Prime Minister, Nikita Khrushchev.
He and Leonid Brezhnev led the country together until he died.
House arrest is when someone has been arrested, but not put in prison.
Instead, they are made to stay in their homes, hence the term.
A notable example of house arrest is Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma.
She was under house arrest for much of the time between 1990 and 2010.
The Stig is the 'tame racing driver' from the popular BBC motoring show Top Gear.
He coaches the 'stars in the reasonably priced car' and is the driver for the Power laps.
His identity is unknown though he has been played by many drivers, the most recent driver is Ben Collins.
de:Top Gear#The Stig
The American League Central Division is a group of baseball teams in the American League of Major League Baseball (MLB).
The teams all play in the Midwestern United States.
It was started in 1920.
Teams in the American League Central Division
Cleveland Guardians
When talking about cars, a tuner is a car with many parts changed so the car can go very fast.
The word "tune" here means "to adjust" or "to change".
Typically, people call any vehicle that has been modified for performance reasons a tuner car regardless of make or model.
Making a tuner
For basic tuning, the engine intake and exhaust are changed, which means the process that takes air into the engine and out of the engine happens faster.
People can also make the frame of the car stronger, to help it go around corners better.
A spoiler or wing helps air push the car down onto the ground, which means more grip.
Some types of tuned cars
A hot rod is a classic American car with lots of engine upgrades to help it go fast in a straight line.
A lowrider is a very low car, often with fancy paint and decals.
Lowriders are popular in the United States.
JDM means "Japanese domestic market" and is used for cars that are made for Japan before being brought into other countries.
Car classifications
Rage Racer is a 1996 racing video game by Namco where the player controls different cars and wins races in order to become what the game calls "Rage Racer".
Four different car manufacturers make cars to drive in the game.
Each of the cars has its forte and is sometimes named after it.
In the game, the player drives three (four later in the game) courses to try and win a trophy and move to the next class.
In the Grand Prix mode, the player starts at Class 1.
They choose a course and then a car.
As the player wins races, they win prize money, or "credits", which are called e.g. in the game.
E.g. can be used to buy new upgrades, cars, or courses.
If the player loses a race, they lose 1 chance.
A player starts with 5 chances per class.
If a player loses when they do not have any chances, the game ends.
Players can still save, and can still retrieve their credit and cars, but medals and trophies are lost.
Time Trial is a mode where the player races the clock.
They choose a car and course, and then are shown the record for the track.
Tracks are also divided into "sections", parts of a track.
Namco Site.
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is a plant which grows in water.
It is a member of the Brassicaceae family, along with some other leaf vegetables.
People grow them for eating, often in salad or sandwiches.
They have a peppery flavour and are fast-growing.
Watercress is related to the cabbage and mustard plants.
Agrology of watercress is both a large scale and a garden scale.
However the packaging used by super markets using sealed plastic bags under some pressure.
Watercress is also known as tall nasturtium.
This plant grows well in cold water.
That's why you will find it near water like a ditch.
Watercress packs have a lot of nutrients.
Iron, potassium and vitamins C and E are a few.
Watercress also helps with skin problems.
It keeps the skin very clarified.
Watercress is used in many recipes.
You can use it to make a sandwich or in soup.
If it is not  harvested, watercress can grow to a height of 50–120 cm.
It is a member of the brassicacea family, along with some other leaf vegetables.
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (30 July 1549 – 3 February 1609) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609.
He succeeded his older brother Francesco I.
He was a Cardinal before he became Grand Duke, until he married Christine of Lorraine in 1589.
He was succeeded by his eldest son, who reigned as Cosimo II.
His wife and daughter-in-law Maria Maddalena of Austria acted as regents for Cosimo II.
Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1590–1621); married Maria Maddalena of Austria and had issue;
Eleonora de' Medici (1591–1617) died unmarried
Catherine de' Medici (1593–1629); married Ferdinando Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, later Governor of Siena;
Francesco de' Medici (1594–1614) died unmarried;
Carlo de' Medici (1595–1666) died unmarried;
Filippino de' Medici (1598–1602) died unmarried;
Lorenzo de' Medici (1599–1648) died unmarried;
Maria Maddalena de' Medici (1600–1633) died unmarried;
Claudia de' Medici (1604–1648); married (1) Federico della Rovere and had issue; (2) Leopold V, Archduke of Austria and had issue.
Ferdinando 1
Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was Duke of Florence from 1537 to 1574 and then the first Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1569.
He was the son of Giovanni dalle Bande Nere and Maria Salviati.
In 1539, he married Eleonora di Toledo (1522–1562).
She died, with her sons Giovanni and Garzia, in 1562, aged forty.
All three of them died from malaria while traveling to Pisa.
Bia de' Medici (1536 – 1 March 1542) died in infancy.
Maria de' Medici (3 April 1540 – 19 November 1557) died unmarried.
Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (25 March, 1541 – 19 October 1587) married Joanna of Austria and then Bianca Cappello.
Isabella de' Medici (31 August 1542 – 16 July 1576) marrried Paolo Giordano I Orsini.
Giovanni de' Medici (28 September 1543 – November 1562) Bishop of Pisa.
Lucrezia de' Medici (7 June 1545 – 21 April 1561) married of Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara.
Pietro (Pedricco) (10 August  1546 – 10 June 1547) died in infancy.
Garzia de' Medici (5 July 1547 – 12 December 1562) died unmarried.
Antonio de' Medici (1548–1548) died in infancy.
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (30 July 1549 – 17 February 1609) married Christina of Lorraine.
Anna de' Medici (1553–1553) died in infancy.
Pietro de' Medici (June 3, 1554 – April 25, 1604)murdered his wife Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo because of infidelity
Giovanni de' Medici (1563–1621)
unnamed daughter (1566) died at birth?
Virginia de' Medici (29 May 1568 – 15 January 1615) Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena.
A point is a unit of score that is given when a player knocks the puck into their rival's goal.
The Riau Islands is a province in Indonesia.
Tanjung Pinang is its capital city.
Its official language is Riau.
In 2007, the population was around 1,392,900.
Provinces of Indonesia
The Singapore River is a river in Singapore.
It flows from the Central Area of Singapore to the ocean.
Its mouth was used as a port.
In the past, it was a very busy place because of the spice trade.
It became very polluted and was cleaned up from 1977 to 1987.
Rivers of Asia
East India Company (EIC) was an English joint-stock company.
Its headquarters were located in London.
It was started for trading with the East Indies, but most trade was with India and China.
It was given a charter (authority) in 1600 and traded many things in India.
The company had armed forces and armed ships.
It fought against various Indian rulers and struggled against the Dutch East India Company and other European nations.
It was ruled by one governor and 24 directors.
It became a monopoly in most parts of India.
The company was dissolved in 1874.
Its role was taken over by the Government of India (the British Raj).
At its height, the Raj covered a huge area from Baluchistan in the west to Burma in the east and Ceylon and a number of other islands.
1600 establishments
1874 disestablishments
1870s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
The Battle of Marathon took place in September 490 BC on the plain of Marathon.
It was fought between the Athenians and the Persians.
Athens was supported by a small force from the city of Plataea.
The battle was the end of the first attempt by Persia, under King Darius I, to conquer Greece.
It was part of the first Greco-Persian war.
The Persian invasion was a response to Greek involvement in the Ionian Revolt.
Then, Athens and Eretria had sent a force to support the cities of Ionia, who were trying to overthrow Persian rule.
The Athenians and Eretrians succeeded in capturing and burning Sardis, but were forced to retreat with heavy losses.
In response to this raid, Darius swore to burn Athens and Eretria to the ground.
Persian invasion
Once the Ionian revolt was crushed by the Persian victory at the Battle of Lade, Darius began planning to conquer Greece.
In 490 BC, he sent a naval task force under Datis and Artaphernes across the Aegean, to subjugate the Cyclades, the group of Greek islands in the Aegean Sea.
The next step was to attack Athens and Eretria.
After a successful campaign in the Aegean, the Persians defeated, captured and burnt Eretria. "/
The Persian force then sailed for Attica.
They landed on Schinias beach on the east end of Marathon bay.
The broad field, called the plain of Marathon, was flat, level and ideal for battle.
The Athenians, joined by a small force from Plataea, marched to Marathon, and blocked the two exits from the plain of Marathon.
Stalemate ensued for five days.
Then, for reasons that are not clear, the Athenians decided to attack the Persians.
Despite the numerical advantage of the Persians, the Greek hoplites proved very effective against the more lightly armed Persian infantry.
They routed the Persian wings before turning in on the centre of the Persian line.
The defeat at Marathon was a decisive victory that marked the end of the first Persian invasion of Greece.
The Persian force retreated to Asia.
Darius then began raising a huge new army with which he meant to completely subjugate Greece.
However, in 486 BC, his Egyptian subjects revolted, postponing any Greek expedition.
After Darius died, his son Xerxes I restarted the preparations for a second invasion of Greece, which finally began in 480 BC.
The Battle of Marathon was a watershed in the Greco-Persian wars, showing the Greeks that the Persians could be beaten.
The eventual Greek triumph in these wars began at Marathon.
The next two hundred years saw the rise of the Classical Greek civilization, which has been so influential in western society.
This is why the Battle of Marathon is often seen as a key moment in European history.
John Stuart Mill suggested that "the Battle of Marathon, even as an event in British history, is more important than the Battle of Hastings".
The Battle of Marathon is perhaps now more famous as the inspiration for the Marathon race.
Although historically inaccurate, the legend of a Greek messenger running to Athens with news of the victory became the inspiration for this athletic event, introduced at the 1896 Athens Olympics, and originally run between Marathon and Athens.
When the Athenian line was ready, according to one source, the simple signal to advance was given by Miltiades: "At them".p191 Most likely, they marched until they reached the limit of the archers' effectiveness, the "beaten zone", (roughly 200 meters), and then broke into a run towards their enemy.p66 Herodotus suggests that this was the first time a Greek army ran into battle in this way; this was probably because it was the first time that a Greek army had faced an enemy composed mainly of missile troops (archers, spear-throwers).
All this was evidently much to the surprise of the Persians.
Passing through the hail of arrows, protected for the most part by their armour, the Greek line finally collided with the enemy army.
Holland provides an evocative description:
"The enemy directly in their path...realised to their horror that [the Athenians], far from providing the easy pickings for their bowmen, as they had first imagined, were not going to be halted...The impact was devastating.
The Athenians had honed their style of fighting in combat with other phalanxes, wooden shields smashing against wooden shields, iron spear tips clattering against breastplates of bronze...in those first terrible seconds of collision, there was nothing but a pulverizing crash of metal into flesh and bone; then the rolling of the Athenian tide over men wearing, at most, quilted jerkins for protection, and armed, perhaps, with nothing more than bows or slings.
The hoplites' ash spears, rather than shivering...could instead stab and stab again, and those of the enemy who avoided their fearful jabbing might easily be crushed to death beneath the sheer weight of the advancing men of bronze.
"194–197
The Athenian wings quickly routed the inferior Persian levies (conscripted troops) on the flanks, before turning inwards to surround the Persian centre, which had been more successful against the thin Greek centre.
The battle ended when the Persian centre then broke in panic towards their ships, pursued by the Greeks.
Some, unaware of the local terrain, ran towards the swamps where unknown numbers drowned.p71 The Athenians pursued the Persians back to their ships, and managed to capture seven ships, though most were able to launch.
Herodotus records that 6,400 Persian bodies were counted on the battlefield.
It is unknown how many more died in the swamps.
The Athenians lost 192 men and the Plataeans 11.
The Strait of Singapore or Singapore Strait is a strait in Singapore.
It is between the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea.
Singapore is to the north and the Riau Islands are to the south.
It is the way to get to the Singapore Harbor.
Apache Subversion (also called subversion repository and SVN) is an internet software mainly used by software programmers.
Subversion allows other developers to view the code easily.
C. Michael Pilato, Ben Collins-Sussman, Brian W. Fitzpatrick; Version Control with Subversion; O'Reilly;  (1st edition, paperback, 2004, full book online, mirror)
Garrett Rooney; Practical Subversion; Apress;  (1st edition, paperback, 2005)
Mike Mason; Pragmatic Version Control Using Subversion; Pragmatic Bookshelf;  (1st edition, paperback, 2005)
William Nagel; Subversion Version Control: Using the Subversion Version Control System in Development Projects; Prentice Hall;  (1st edition, paperback, 2005)
Subversion official website
Wikimedia's subversion repository
A variable-width encoding is a type of character encoding scheme in which codes of different lengths are used to encode a character set for representation in a computer.
Some kinds of Unicode work this way.
The earliest known Cro-Magnon remains are between 35,000 and 45,000 years old, based on radiometric dating.
The oldest remains, from 43,000  45,000 years ago, were found in Italy and Britain.
Other remains also show that Cro-Magnons reached the Russian Arctic about 40,000 years ago.
Cro-Magnons had powerful bodies, which were usually heavy and solid with strong muscles.
Unlike Neanderthals, which had slanted foreheads, the Cro-Magnons had straight foreheads, like modern humans.
Their faces were short and wide with a large chin.
Their brains were slightly larger than the average human's is today.
The name "Cro-Magnon" was created by Louis Lartet, who discovered the first Cro-Magnon skull in southwestern France in 1868.
He called the place where he found the skull Abri de Cro-Magnon.
Abri means "rock shelter" in French; cro means "hole" in the Occitan language; and "Magnon" was the name of the person who owned the land where Lartet found the skull.
Basically, Cro-Magnon means "rock shelter in a hole on Magnon's land."
This is why scientists now use the term "European early modern humans" instead of "Cro-Magnons."
In taxonomy, the term "Cro-Magnon" means nothing.
Cro-Magnon life
Used bones, shells, and teeth to make jewelry
Spun, dyed, and tied knots in flax, to make cords for their tools, make baskets, or sew clothing
Like most early humans, the Cro-Magnons mostly hunted large animals.
For example, they killed mammoths, cave bears, horses, and reindeer for food.
They also ate fruits from plants.
The Cro-Magnons were nomadic or semi-nomadic.
This means that instead of living in just one place, they followed the migration of the animals they wanted to hunt.
They may have built hunting camps from mammoth bones; some of these camps were found in a village in Ukraine.
They also made shelters from rocks, clay, tree branches, and animal skin (leather).
Cheating in video games is when a player creates an advantage for themself beyond what normal gameplay would allow.
In general, cheating is breaking the rules to get an unfair advantage.
it actually works with a bit of code structure.
In other world, it is included in an existing video game as if it is from that video game and continues to work in this way.
If we look at it structuarry, it comes up with a very diffrent work.
These kind of advantages can often be activated by entering codes.
A set of cheat codes may have been written into the game's programming by the game's developers.
When entered, a code activates a corresponding advantage.
Cheat codes can also be created by added software, called a game trainer.
Players can also cheat by taking advantage of software bugs in the game.
Cheat codes makes the system do things that are not normal.
For example, pressing a certain sequence of buttons may increase a character's hit points in an role-playing game, or make a car drive faster in a racing game.
Another way of video hacks is using applications called exploits.
It usually involves injecting DLLs and its working kernel mode in the game application for access to advantages.
The number of users using competitive video games cheat continues to decrease with the development of anti-cheat systems.
We can examine this thesis based on the League of legends.
The reason why the rate of banned players is higher than the rate of cheating is that past activities can be detected.
Official data shared by League of legends game
Cheating in video games resources
Anaphalis (pronounced A-ná-pha-lis) is a genus within the Asteraceae family whose members are commonly known by the name Pearly everlasting.
There are around 110 species within the genus with the vast majority being native to central and southern Asia.
There is one species native to North America that is fairly well known and popular in cultivation, namely the Western Pearly Everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea).
Two of the species, A. javanica and A. longifolia can be found on the mountain af the Java island in Indonesia.
A. javanica, also known as the Javanese Edelweiss, is currently an endangered species.
Anaphalis javanica (Javanese Edelweiss)
Anaphalis longiflora
Anaphalis longifolia
Anaphalis lorentzii
Anaphalis margaritacea - Western Pearly Everlasting
Anaphalis viscida - found in Mount Tambora, Indonesia
Weaning means changing the diet of a baby little by little, from its mother's milk to the food it will eat as an adult.
Since only female mammals make milk, weaning is only a necessary process for mammals.
When a baby does not drink any more breast milk (or milk substitute), the baby has been weaned.
Human weaning
Human babies should start eating small amounts of solid food, along with breast milk or formula, when they are about six months old.
Before this time, a child's digestive system and kidneys are still forming, so the child is not ready for solid food.
Babies do not have teeth and cannot chew their food, so they are usually fed soft, runny food such as cooked mashed fruit or vegetables.
Babies cannot digest some foods which adults can eat, including food with nuts or with large amounts of gluten, salt or sugar.
Also, babies' digestive systems are very sensitive to bacteria, so they should not eat any foods with honey, eggs or shellfish in them because these foods sometimes contain bacteria.
Weaning conflict
Weaning conflict happens when the mother wants to wean her baby, but the baby wants to keep breastfeeding.
The mother tries to force the baby to stop breastfeeding, and the baby tries to force the mother to continue.
Some evolutionary scientists think mammal mothers need to wean their babies as soon as possible, so they will have a greater chance of having more babies and spreading their genes.
But mammal babies want to breastfeed as long as they can so they will have a chance to grow strong, and also to enjoy the full care of their mothers.
Weaning conflict happens in several mammal species, including primates and canines.
Nanoelectromechanical systems will be very tiny machines, with dimensions thousands of times thinner than the human hair, that could be used as motors or sensors.
The technology is very new and still in the laboratory stage, but may replace microelectromechanical systems.
Compared to human scale, things work very differently at nano dimensions.
For example, attractive forces between materials of the same type may push together moving parts and block a motor.
A photocathode is a negatively charged electrode in a light detection device.
They are the main type of photomultiplier.
That means they take a little light, and make more of it.
There are instruments which need to magnify the amount of light coming in.
Examples are astronomical telescopes and military night-sight equipment: binoculars and telescopes on helmets and rifles etc.
The lens of the telescope or binocular passes the light onto a layer of glass coated with a special light-sensitive metal.
When this is struck by light, the absorbed energy causes electrons to jump off.
This is called the 'photoelectric effect'.
Some photocathode materials
Ag-O-Cs, (silver oxide/caesium, also called S-1).
This was the first compound photocathode material, developed in 1929.
High temperature bialkali or low noise bialkali (sodium-potassium-antimony, Na-K-Sb).
This material is often used in oil well logging since it can withstand temperatures up to 175 °C.
At room temperatures, this photocathode operates with very low dark current, making it ideal for use in photon counting applications.
GaAs (gallium(II) arsenide).
This photocathode material covers a wide spectral response range, from ultraviolet to 930 nm (nm = nanometre, a measure of the wavelength of the light or other electromagnetic radiation).
Cs-Te, Cs-I (caesium-telluride, caesium-iodide).
These materials are sensitive to vacuum UV and UV rays, but not to visible light and are therefore referred to as solar blind.
Cs-Te is insensitive to wavelengths longer than 320 nm, and Cs-I to those longer than 200 nm.
The Space Shuttle Enterprise (OV-101) is a spacecraft used by NASA for testing of the space shuttles.
Enterprise was built without engines and without the heat protection system needed for it to travel into space and return to the atmosphere.
Enterprise began being built in June 4, 1974, and was completed on September 17, 1976.
Enterprise was used for flight tests in 1977.
Scientists wanted to test how the shuttle could be transported on top of a Boeing 747.
They also did three test manned test flights with the shuttle still joined to the Boeing.
When these test were finished they did another five tests with the shuttle flying without engines like a glider.
The pilots practiced landing the shuttle at the Edwards Airforce Base.
The pilots were astronaut Gordon Fullerton, Apollo 13 astronaut Fred Haise, Joe Engle and Dick Truly.
After the test flights, the Enterprise was used for vibration tests at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
After all the tests were finished, some parts of the Enterprise were used in the building of the other shuttles.
The Enterprise was going to be named the "Constitution", but many people wrote to the President and asked for it to be named after the space craft on the TV show Star Trek.
Enterprise can be seen today by visitors to the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center near Washington, D.C.
Reginald Alfred "Reggie" Bush II (born March 2, 1985) is an American football player for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL).
He plays the position of running back.
Bush played football at Helix High School in La Mesa, California, then played football at the University of Southern California.
Bush won the 2005 Heisman Trophy, which is for the best player in college football, but in 2010, he gave the award back because of claims that he took gifts while in college that would have made him a professional athlete while still in college.
NFL history
The New Orleans Saints chose Bush with the second pick in the 2006 NFL Draft.
In 2010, Bush won a Super Bowl with the Saints over the Indianapolis Colts.
Bush, Reggie
They are one of three types of protein.
The others are fibrous and membrane proteins.
Their structure is a result of protein folding.
They are made of polypeptide chains folded into a compact sphere shape.
They are soluble in water because of the hydrophilic ('water-loving') side chains that project from the outside of the molecules.
They play an important role in metabolic reactions.
Enzymes, by catalyzing organic reactions taking place in the organism in mild conditions and with a great specificity.
Different esterases fulfill this role.
Messengers, by transmitting messages to regulate biological processes.
This function is done by hormones, i.e. insulin etc.
Transporters of other molecules through membranes
Stocks of amino acids.
Regulation of other molecules is also done by globular proteins rather than fibrous proteins.
Structural proteins, e.g., actin and tubulin, which are globular and soluble as monomers, but polymerize to form long, stiff fibers.
Globulins
Globulins are all globular proteins except albumins.
They have higher molecular weights than albumins.
They are insoluble in pure water but dissolve in dilute salt solutions.
David Haye is a British boxer.
He is the WBA heavyweight champion and is nicknamed "The Hayemaker".
He is 1.91 metres (6 feet 3 inches) tall.
Before he became a heavyweight, he boxed in the cruiserweight division, where he held all the major titles.
His most famous cruiserweight fights were against Jean-Marc Mormeck and Enzo Maccarinell.
He has lost only once in his career.
Haye moved up to the heavyweight division and beat Monte Barrett in 2008.
In October 2009, he beat Nikolai Valuev, who is 7 feet tall, to become the WBA champion.
In 2010, he beat John Ruiz.
He defended his title against fellow Briton Audley Harrison in November 2010.
Haye started his career as an amateur.
He reached the finals of the 2001 world amateur championship in the heavyweight class, where he lost to Odlanier Solis.
He turned professional in the cruiserweight division in December 2002.
His first professional fight was meant to be against Valeri Semishkur, but Semishkur pulled out.
Instead, Haye fought and beat Tony Booth on 8 December 2002.
He had seven fights in 2003, and won all of them.
He won his tenth fight in a row when he beat Arthur Williams on 12 May 2004.
He won those ten fights with a total of only 20 rounds.
In his match against IBO champion Carl Thompson on 10 September 2004, he lost for the first time in his career.
In his next match, on 10 December 2004, he beat Semishkur in the first round.
Haye won the European title on 16 December 2006 when he beat Alexander Gurov.
He won the match after only 45 seconds.
On 24 March 2007, in his first match as European champion, he beat Lasse Johansen.
On 27 April 2007, he had his first heavyweight fight, against Tomasz Bonin.
Haye won in the first round.
Shortly after the fight, Haye said he had plans to move up to the heavyweight division. "
I'm absolutely certain I can rule the heavyweight roost", he said.
On 10 November 2007, he beat Jean-Marc Mormeck to win the WBA, WBC, and Ring magazine titles.
Haye was knocked down in the fourth round, but hit Mormeck with a series of blows in the seventh to win by technical knockout.
He became the UK's sixth boxing champion.
On 8 March 2008, he beat Enzo Maccarinelli to win the WBO title.
Haye hit Maccarinelli with two big punches before the referee stopped the match.
Haye said he planned to move up to the heavyweight division.
A few weeks after the fight, Wladimir Klitschko, the IBF, IBO, and WBO heavyweight champion, said he wanted to fight Haye.
Haye gave away his titles at cruiserweight and moved up to the heavyweight division.
He beat Monte Barrett on 15 November 2008, winning in the fifth round.
Before the fight, he said fighting Barrett was a big risk and that he might have retired if he lost.
He was meant to fight Wladimir on 20 June 2009, but pulled out.
On 31 October 2009, he beat Nikolai Valuev, who is 7 feet tall, to become the WBA champion.
Haye was 98 pounds lighter than Valuev; before this fight, no-one had won a heavyweight title match weighing this much less than their opponent.
Haye said he has wanted to be the heavyweight champion since he was a toddler.
He then beat John Ruiz on 3 April 2010 and Audley Harrison on 13 November 2010.
He now says he wants to fight Wladimir or his brother Vitali, who holds the WBC belt.
The two brothers are regarded as the best heavyweights in the world.
Haye says he plans to retire before his 31st birthday.
Haye was born on 13 October 1980 in Bermondsey, London.
He went to Snowsfield primary school and Bacon's College.
Jade Goody, winner of the television show Big Brother, was in his class.
Haye is married and has a son called Cassius, named after Cassius Clay, the birth name of Muhammad Ali.
His training camp is based in Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus.
He started training there in 2007 and sometimes fights with the Northern Cyprus flag on his shorts.
He supports the football team Millwall.
In September 2010, a newspaper in Northern Cyprus said Haye had become a citizen of Northern Cyprus.
List of fights
Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide (a complex form of sugar).
It is added to certain foods, such as salad dressings, to make them thicker.
It is also added to cosmetics to keep the ingredients from separating.
To make xanthan gum, workers add a kind of bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris, to glucose or sucrose.
They let the mixture ferment for a while, and then add isopropyl alcohol to separate the polysaccharide from the mixture.
They dry the polysaccharide, grind it into a powder, then add it to a liquid.
The xanthan gum is then ready to use.
Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team at the United States Department of Agriculture first discovered xanthan gum.
The team was studying many biopolymers to see whether some of them were useful, and how they could be used.
The Kelco Company was the first company to produce xanthan gum in the early 1960s.
At that time, Kelco called xanthan gum by its brand name, Kelzan.
Later, in 1968, xanthan gum was tested and declared safe to be used in food.
The USA, Canada, Europe, and many other regions and countries now accept xanthan gum as a safe food additive.
Xanthan gum is a very effective thickener.
It is stable under a wide range of temperatures and pH.  Only 0.5% of xanthan gum is added to most foods to thicken them.
The thickening property of xanthan gum decreases when a food is mixed, shaken or chewed, but it thickens up again when the force is removed.
This property is called pseudoplasticity.
Sometimes this property can be very useful.
For instance, the xanthan gum added to salad dressing makes the dressing thick enough to cling to a salad, but shaking the bottle of dressing makes it temporarily thin and easier to pour.
Salad dressings and sauces contain xanthan gum.
Even though xanthan gum is not an emulsifier, it helps to keep an emulsion stable so that the oil in it does not separate.
Xanthan gum also helps to keep spices and other solid bits of food evenly distributed in a liquid.
Xanthan gum, guar gum and locust bean gum help to give ice cream and other frozen foods a creamy texture.
Gluten-free bakers use xanthan gum instead of gluten to make bread dough or batter "sticky."
Packaged egg whites or egg substitutes contain xanthan gum to replace the fat and emulsifiers found in egg yolks.
Toothpaste often contains xanthan gum to give the toothpaste a smooth texture.
People who have trouble swallowing add xanthan gum to drinks and other liquids to make them thicker and easier to swallow.
Oil drillers use a lot of xanthan gum to make drilling mud thicker.
This thick fluid helps carry solids cut by the drill bit up to the surface of the earth.
When people need to pour concrete underwater, they add xanthan gum to the concrete to make it thicker and keep it from washing away.
Many cosmetics contain xanthan gum, which helps hold together oil and water emulsions.
Xanthan gum can also help keep skin moist.
Fake blood, toy slime and gunge all get their thickness from xanthan gum.
Possible health effects
Coeliac disease sufferers and other people who are sensitive to gluten and other allergens may need to be careful how much xanthan gum is in their food.
Some types of xanthan gum are made with wheat, corn or soy and could cause allergic reactions.
Xanthan gum is also a strong laxative and can cause diarrhoea in people who eat too much of it, or who are sensitive to it.
There are many substitutes available for xanthan gum when used in baking such as guar gum or locust bean gum.
The pickerel frog (Lithobates palustris, formerly Rana palustris) is a small frog in North America.
It has dark squares on its back.
The squares are in lines instead of randomly scattered.
Leopard frogs have circular spots.
They have an orange or yellow coloration on the inside of their back legs.
They are found in the east of North America.
They have toxic glands in their skin that can kill other frogs.
The Northern green frog is a subspecies of the North American green frog.
Its name is either Rana clamitans melanota, or Lithobates clamitans melanota.
It is moderately large.
It is found in the northeast United States and some of eastern Canada.
Its call sounds like a plucked banjo.
It has a fold running from the top of its eyes down the side of its back.
The bullfrog does not have these folds.
It is normally found in swamps, marshes, and muddy streams.
Wikitext language, or wiki markup, is a markup language  used to write pages in wiki websites, such as Wikipedia.
It is a simplified alternative to HTML.
It is converted by wiki software (like MediaWiki) into regular HTML, which the user's web browser will render.
(Quotation above from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll)
The main purpose of having Wikitext in wikis instead of HTML is because HTML is more complicated and not many people know how to use it.
Therefore, it is easier to use Wikitext rather than HTML and thus makes editors contributing to a wiki easier to create content.
Help on editing on Meta Wiki
Environmentally friendly (also eco-friendly, nature friendly, and green) are terms that refer to objects that people buy (called goods), services, laws, and rules that either do not harm the environment or do very little harm to it.
To make people who buy the goods or services know that they are environmentally friendly, environmentally friendly goods and services often are marked  with eco-labels.
But because there is no single type of eco-label, the International Organization for Standardization thinks that these labels do not mean much because they could mean different things.
Environmentally friendly is a term used to refer to goods and services, laws, guidelines and policies claimed to inflict minimal or no harm on the environment.
Companies sometimes use these terms to promote goods and services by making environmental marketing claims and with eco-labels.
Also ecofriendly, by 1993, from eco- + friendly.
No Impact Advice on sustainable living practices
An intranet is a private network website that only a few selected computers can have access to.
Usually, they are being used as internal company websites for employees to know more about what is happening in the company without letting other people see.
An intranet works the same way as a normal website.
The system administrator can add webpages to it and it can be accessed normally from a web browser.
Russia has successfully tested Runet, a country-wide alternative to the internet.