the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
2019  Jessye Norman, American opera singer (b. 1945)
2019  Ben Pon, Dutch racing driver (b. 1936)
Independence Day (Botswana)
International Translation Day (after Jerome, Bible translator)
1066  William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme River, beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
1422  After the brief Gollub War, the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
1529  The Siege of Vienna begins, as Suleiman I attacks the city.
1540  The Society of Jesus receives its charter from Pope Paul III.
1590  The death of Pope Urban VII ends the shortest papacy in history, lasting just 13 days.
1605  The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kirchholm.
1777  Lancaster, Pennsylvania is the capital city of the United States for a day.
1821  Mexico gains independence from Spain.
1822  Jean-François Champollion announces that he has deciphered the Rosetta Stone.
1825  The Stockton and Darlington Railway opens in northern England, having the first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains.
1854  Steamship SS Arctic sinks with 300 people on board in the Atlantic Ocean.
1865  Chile declares war on Spain.
1903  The "Wreck of the Old 97" train crash occurs near Danville, Virginia, killing 11 people (including one who later died on October 6), and injuring 7.
The crash later becomes well-known through songs and musical pieces.
1905  The formula E=mc squared is introduced, devised by Albert Einstein.
1908  The first production of the Ford Model T automobile is built at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan.
1916  Iyasu V is officially deposed in a palace coup in Ethiopia, in favor of his aunt, Zauditu.
1922  Constantine I of Greece abdicates the throne.
His eldest son succeeds him as George II of Greece.
1928  The Republic of China is recognised by the United States.
1930  Bobby Jones wins the US Amateur Championship to complete the Grand Slam of winning all the major golf tournaments of the year.
1937  The Balinese Tiger is declared extinct.
1938  The ocean liner Queen Elizabeth is launched in Glasgow, Scotland.
1940  World War II: Germany, Japan and Italy sign the "Tripartite Pact".
1942  World War II: Last day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps troops barely escapes after being surrounded by Japanese forces near the Matanikau River.
1949  The design of the Flag of the People's Republic of China (which is founded on October 1) is accepted by the National People's Congress.
1957  In the Azores, the Capelinho volcano erupts on the island of Faial.
300 homes are destroyed and 2,000 people are evacuated.
1959  Almost 5,000 people are killed when a typhoon strikes the island of Honshu, Japan.
1961  Sierra Leone joins the UN.
1968  The stage musical Hair opens at the Shaftesbury Theatre in London.
1973  The Soviet Union launches the Soyuz 12 spacecraft.
1979  The United States Department of Education receives final approval from the United States Congress to become the 13th US cabinet agency.
1983  Richard Stallman announces the GNU Project.
1987  In Cairo, Egypt, the first Metro line in Africa is opened.
1988  Canadian athlete Ben Johnson is stripped of his Olympic gold medal, after failing a drug test.
1993  The Sokhumi massacre takes place in Abkhazia.
1996  Afghan forces are routed as the Taleban seizes control of Kabul.
1997  The Julie N tanker ship crashes into the Million Dollar Bridge in Portland, Maine, spilling hundreds of gallons of oil.
1997  Communication is lost with the Mars Pathfinder Probe.
1998  Google is founded.
1998  Gerhard Schröder is elected Chancellor of Germany, succeeding Helmut Kohl.
2001  In Zug, Switzerland, Friedrich Leibacher shoots 18 people, of which 14 are killed.
He then kills himself.
2002  East Timor joins the UN.
2003  The Smart 1 satellite is launched.
2005  Tom and Jerry airs its 162nd, and last, episode.
2007  NASA launches the Dawn probe.
2008  Zhai Zhigang becomes the first Chinese astronaut to perform a space walk.
2009  German Parliamentary Election: Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel of the CDU is allowed to serve a second term in office, after defeating SPD candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier.
She enters into a coalition with the Free Democrats under Guido Westerwelle.
2014  The Mount Ontake volcano in Japan erupts.
823  Ermentrude of Orléans, Frankish Queen (d. 869)
1271  Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, and Poland (d. 1305)
1275  John II of Brabant (d. 1312)
1389  Cosimo de' Medici, Italian art patron and ruler of Florence (d. 1464)
1533  Stephen Bathory, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (d. 1586)
1544  Takenaka Shigeharu, Japanese samurai (d. 1579)
1601  King Louis XIII of France (d. 1643)
1643  Solomon Stoddard, American Puritan clergyman (d. 1729)
1657  Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia, regent of Russia (d. 1704)
1677  Giovanni Carlo Maria Clari, Italian musical composer (d. 1754)
1696  Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Italian bishop and saint (d. 1787)
1722  Samuel Adams, American patriot, revolutionary, writer and statesman (d. 1803)
1729  Michael Denis, Austrian writer, priest and scientist (d. 1800)
1765  Antoine Philippe de la Tremouille, French counter-revolutionary (d. 1794)
1772  Martha Jefferson Randolph, daughter of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1836)
1781  William I of Württemberg (d. 1864)
1783  Agustín de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (d. 1824)
1792  George Cruikshank, British artist (d. 1878)
1818  Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (d. 1884)
1821  Henri-Frédéric Amiel, Swiss philosopher, poet and critic (d. 1881)
1824  William "Bull" Nelson, American Civil War general (d. 1862)
1826  Armand David, French monk and naturalist (d. 1900)
1830  William Babcock Hazen, American Civil War general (d. 1887)
1838  Lawrence Sullivan Ross, American Confederate general and 19th Governor of Texas (d. 1898)
1840  Thomas Nast, German-American political cartoonist (d. 1902)
1840  Alfred Thayer Mahan, American admiral (d. 1914)
1842  Alphonse François Renard, Belgian geologist (d. 1903)
1861  Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, sister of Theodore Roosevelt (d. 1933)
1862  Louis Botha, South African politician (d. 1919)
1864  Andrej Hlinka, Slovakian politician and priest (d. 1938)
1866  Eurosia Fabris, Italian saint (d. 1932)
1867  Giovanni Bonzano, Italian cardinal (d. 1927)
1871  Grazia Deledda, Italian writer (d. 1936)
1871  Martin H. Glynn, 40th Governor of New York (d. 1924)
1880  Jacques Thibaud, French violinist (d. 1953)
1894  Lothar von Richthofen, German pilot (d. 1922)
1898  Vincent Youmans, American composer and producer (d. 1946)
1907  Bhagat Singh, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1931)
1907  Maurice Blanchot, French philosopher and theorist (d. 2003)
1907  Bernard Miles, English actor, director, producer and producer (d. 1991)
1916  S. Yizhar, Israeli writer (d. 2006)
1918  Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer (d. 1984)
1919  James Wilkinson, British mathematician (d. 1986)
1919  Johnny Pesky, American baseball player (d. 2012)
1919  Jayne Meadows, American actress (d. 2015)
1920  William Conrad, American actor (d. 1994)
1921  John Malcolm Patterson, former Governor of Alabama (d. 2021)
1921  Miklós Jancsó, Hungarian movie director (d. 2014)
1921  Milton Subotsky, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1991)
1922  Arthur Penn, American screenwriter (d. 2010)
1922  Heinrich Boere, German Nazi war criminal (d. 2013)
1924  Bud Powell, American jazz pianist (d. 1966)
1924  Josef Skvorecky, Czech writer and publisher (d. 2012)
1925  Robert G. Edwards, British biologist and Nobel Prize winner (d. 2013)
1927  Chrysostomos I, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Cyprus (d. 2007)
1927  Adhemar da Silva, Brazilian triple jumper (d. 2001)
1929  Barbara Murray, English actress (d. 2014)
1929  Txillardegi, Basque linguist, writer and politician (d. 2012)
1931  Freddy Quinn, Austrian singer
1932  Yash Chopra, Indian director (d. 2012)
1932  Oliver E. Williamson, American economist
1933  Greg Morris, American actor
1933  Will Sampson, American actor and artist (d. 1987)
1934  Wilford Brimley, American actor (d. 2020)
1936  Don Cornelius, American television host (d. 2012)
1936  Sancho Gracia, Spanish television presenter (d. 2012)
1937  Vasyl Durdynets, 8th Prime Minister of Ukraine
1938  Jean-Loup Dabadie, French journalist, songwriter and screenwriter
1940  Josephine Barstow, English soprano
1940  Fatima Mernissi, Moroccan feminist writer and sociologist (d. 2015)
1941  Peter Bonetti, English footballer and coach
1942  Dith Pran, Cambodian photojournalist (d. 2008)
1942  Alvin Stardust, English singer (d. 2014)
1943  Randy Bachman, Canadian musician
1943  Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Italian nobleman
1943  Walter Riester, German politician
1946  Nicos Anastasiades, Greek-Cypriot politician, President of Cyprus
1946  Naiyyum Choudhury, Bangladeshi biochemist (d. 2019)
1946  Robin Nedwell, English actor (d. 1999)
1947  Barbara Dickson, Scottish singer
1947  Denis Lawson, Scottish actor
1947  Vic Snyder, American politician
1947  Meat Loaf, American singer (d. 2022)
1947  Dick Advocaat, Dutch football manager
1948  Duncan Fletcher, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
1950  Cary Hiroyuki-Tagawa, Japanese-American actor and martial artist
1951  Jim Shooter, American writer
1951  Anthony Laciura, American operatic tenor
1952  Dumitru Prunariu, Romanian cosmonaut
1952  Didier Dubois, French mathematician
1952  Katie Fforde, English author
1953  Diane Abbott, English politician
1953  Claudio Gentile, Italian footballer
1953  Mata Amritanandamayi, Indian guru and saint
1953  Robbie Shakespeare, Jamaican musician and producer
1953  Dumitru Prunariu, Romanian engineer and astronaut
1954  Dougie MacLean, Scottish singer-songwriter
1954  Dmitry Sitkovetsky, Russian violinist and composer
1956  Milan Smrčka, Czech musician
1956  Steve Archibald, Scottish footballer
1957  John Inverdale, English broadcaster
1957  Peter Sellars, American theatre director
1958  Irvine Welsh, Scottish writer
1960  Jean-Marc Barr, German-born French-American movie actor, director and producer
1964  Stephan Jenkins, American musician and producer
1965  Bernard Lord, Canadian politician, 30th Premier of New Brunswick
1965  Peter MacKay, Canadian politician
1966  Uche Okechukwu, Nigerian footballer
1966  Jovanotti, Italian singer
1966  Debbie Wasserman Schultz, American politician
1966  Stephanie Wilson, American engineer and astronaut
1967  Willie Rennie, Scottish politician
1967  Llewella Gideon, English voice actor
1968  Mari Kiviniemi, former Prime Minister of Finland
1968  Patrick Muldoon, American actor
1972  Lhasa de Sela, Mexican-American singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
1972  Clara Hughes, Canadian cyclist
1972  Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress
1973  Vratislav Lokvenc, Czech footballer
1974  Carrie Brownstein, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actress
1976  Francesco Totti, Italian footballer
1976  Matt Harding, American video game designer and dancer
1978  Mihaela Ursuleasa, Romanian pianist (d. 2012)
1978  Pastora Soler, Spanish singer
1979  Shinji Ono, Japanese footballer
1980  Olivier Kapo, French footballer
1980  Asashoryu Akinori, Mongolian sumo wrestler
1981  Brendon McCallum, New Zealand cricketer
1981  Mirjam Weichselbraun, Austrian television host and actress
1982  Markus Rosenberg, Swedish footballer
1982  Lil Wayne, American rapper
1982  Darrent Williams, American football player
1983  Jeon Hye-bin, South Korean actress and singer
1984  Davide Capello, Italian footballer
1984  Avril Lavigne, Canadian singer
1984  Wouter Weylandt, Belgian cyclist (d. 2011)
1985  Ibrahim Touré, Ivorian footballer (d. 2014)
1987  Adam Bogdan, Hungarian footballer
1991  Simona Halep, Romanian tennis player
1992  Granit Xhaka, Swiss footballer
1993  Monica Puig, Puerto Rican tennis player
1995  Lina Leandersson, Swedish actress
855  Lothair I, King of the Romans (b. 795)
1162  Odo II, Duke of Burgundy
1249  Count Raymond VII of Toulouse (b. 1197)
1404  William of Wykeham, English bishop (b. 1320)
1547  Lady Eleanor Brandon (b. 1519)
1557  Emperor Go-Nara of Japan (b. 1492)
1590  Pope Urban VII (b. 1521)
1651  Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1573)
1660  Vincent de Paul, French priest and saint (b. 1581)
1700  Pope Innocent XII (b. 1615)
1832  Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, German philosopher (b. 1781)
1833  Ram Mohan, Indian reformer (b. 1772)
1876  Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (b. 1817)
1886  Charles Gordon Greene, American journalist (b. 1804)
1891  Ivan Goncharev, Russian writer (b. 1812)
1917  Edgar Degas, French painter (b. 1834)
1921  Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (b. 1854)
1940  Walter Benjamin, German philosopher (b. 1892)
1940  Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian doctor, won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1857)
1956  Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete (b. 1911)
1960  Sylvia Pankhurst, British Women's Rights activist (b. 1882)
1961  H.D., American writer (b. 1886)
1965  Clara Bow, American actress (b. 1905)
1967  Felix Yusupov, Russian prince, participated in the killing of Grigori Rasputin (b. 1887)
1972  S. R. Ranganathan, Indian mathematician (b. 1892)
1974  Silvio Frondizi, Argentine lawyer (b. 1907)
1975  Jack Lang, 23rd Premier of New South Wales (b. 1876)
1979  Gracie Fields, British comedienne (b. 1898)
1981  Bronislaw Malinowski, Polish athlete (b. 1951)
1986  Cliff Burton, American bassist (Metallica) (b. 1962)
1991  Oona O'Neill, English actress (b. 1926)
1993  Jimmy Doolittle, American general (b. 1896)
1996  Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (b. 1947)
2004  John E. Mack, American psychiatrist (b. 1929)
2005  Ronald Golias, Brazilian comedian and actor (b. 1929)
2007  Kenji Nagai, Japanese photographer and journalist (b. 1957)
2008  Mahendra Kapoor, Indian singer (b. 1934)
2009  William Safire, American columnist (b. 1929)
2011  David Croft, British writer, producer and director (b. 1922)
2011  Imre Makovecz, Hungarian architect (b. 1935)
2012  Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (b. 1917)
2014  Eugie Foster, American science fiction writer (b. 1971)
2014  James Traficant, American politician (b. 1941)
2014  Taylor Hardwick, American architect (b. 1925)
2014  Zhang Xianliang, Chinese author and poet (b. 1936)
2014  Abdelmajid Lakhal, Tunisian actor and director (b. 1939)
2014  Jean-Jacques Pauvert, French publisher (b. 1926)
2015  Syed Ahmed, Indian politician (b. 1945)
2015  Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (b. 1915)
2015  Wilton Felder, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1940)
2015  Frank Tyson, English cricketer (b. 1930)
2015  John Guillermin, English movie director and producer (b. 1925)
2015  Denise Lor, American singer and actress (b. 1929)
2016  Sebastian Papaiani, Romanian actor (b. 1936)
2017  Joy Fleming, German singer (b. 1944)
2017  Hiromi Hayakawa, Japanese-Mexican actress and singer (b. 1982)
2017  Hugh Hefner, American adult magazine publisher and businessman (Playboy) (b. 1926)
2017  Anne Jeffreys, American actress (b. 1923)
2018  Marty Balin, American rock singer and musician (b. 1942)
2018  Brian A. Joyce, American politician (b. 1962)
2018  James G. March, American sociologist (b. 1928)
2019  William J. Edwards, American politician (b. 1928)
2019  Rob Garrison, American actor (b. 1960)
2019  John J. Snyder, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1925)
2019  Joseph C. Wilson, American writer (b. 1949)
End of Independence War Day (Mexico)
Holiday for the French-speaking community, Belgium
275  In Rome, the Senate proclaims Marcus Claudius Tacitus Roman Emperor.
303  On a voyage preaching the gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, northern France.
1066  The Battle of Stamford Bridge marks the end of the Viking invasions of England.
1237  Scotland and England sign the Treaty of York, marking their common border.
1396  Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis.
1493  From Cadiz, Spain, Christopher Columbus sets sail on his second voyage.
1513  Spanish explorers become the first Europeans to sight the Pacific Ocean.
1621  Swedish  troops take Riga in the Polish-Swedish War.
1775  American Revolutionary War: Ethan Allen surrenders to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal during the Battle of Longue-Pointe.
Benedict Arnold and his expeditionary company set off from Fort Western, bound for Quebec City.
1789  The United States Congress passes twelve amendments (changes) to the United States Constitution.
1790  Peking opera begins, to celebrate the birthday of Qianlong Emperor of China.
1804  The Teton Sioux (a subdivision of the Lakota) demand one of the boats from the Lewis and Clark expedition as a toll for moving further upriver.
1846  Mexican-American War: US forces under Zachary Taylor capture Monterrey, Mexico.
1868  The Imperial Russian steam frigate Alexander Neuski is shipwrecked off Jutland while carrying Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia.
1890  Sequoia National Park in California is founded.
1906  In presence of the King of Spain and a big crowd, Leonardo Torres Quevedo successfully demonstrates the invention of 'Telekino' in the Basque port city of Bilbao, guiding a boat from shore, in what is now considered the birth of the remote control.
1911  Ground is broken for Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts.
1912  Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is founded in New York City.
1913  Charlie Chaplin signs his first movie contract.
1915  World War I: Start of the Second Battle of Champagne.
1926  The International Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery is first signed.
1929  Jimmy Doolittle performs the first blind flight from Mitchel Field, proving that full instrument flying from take-off to landing is possible.
1937  Second Sino-Japanese War: Minor but morale-boosting victory for Chinese forces.
1938  American Don Budge becomes the first tennis player to win all four Grand Slams in one year.
1942  Holocaust: Switzerland denies entry to Jewish refugees.
1944  World War II: The British 1st Airborne Division withdraw from Arnhem, Netherlands, ending Operation Market Garden.
1950  Korean War: UN forces enter Seoul.
1955  The Royal Jordanian Air Force is founded.
1956  TAT-1, the first submarine (under the sea) transatlantic telephone cable system, is inaugurated.
1957  Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas is integrated with help from United States Army troops.
1959  Sri Lankan Prime Minister Solomon Bandaranaike is shot by Buddhist monk Talduwe Somarama, and dies the next day.
1962  The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is proclaimed.
1962  The North Yemen Civil War begins.
1964  Mozambique's War of Independence from Portugal begins.
1969  The charter establishing the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation is signed.
1972  In a referendum, voters in Norway reject membership of the European Community.
1976 – Irish rock band U2 forms in Dublin, Ireland.
1977  The first Chicago Marathon takes place, with around 4,200 runners taking part.
1978  A mid-air collision between two planes over San Diego, California results in 144 deaths.
1981  Sandra Day O'Connor becomes the first female Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
1981  Belize joins the UN.
1983  The UK's biggest prison break-out since World War II occurs when 38 Republican prisoners at Maze Prison, armed with 6 handguns, hijack a prison meals lorry and smash their way out.
1983  The TGV high-speed train track, from Paris to Lyon, is opened along its entire length.
1992  NASA launches the Mars Observer to the planet Mars.
It would fail 11 months later.
1996  The last of the Magdalene Asylums closes in Ireland.
1998  Mikulas Dzurinda becomes Prime Minister of Slovakia.
2000  With the Islamic King Fahd Cultural Centre, the biggest Mosque in Latin America is opened in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2003  A magnitude 8 earthquake hits Hokkaido, Japan.
2003  It is announced that 14,802 people died in France during the previous month's heatwave.
2005  Fernando Alonso wins the Formula One world championship, becoming the youngest Formula One world champion in history at the time, though the record has since been beaten by Lewis Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel.
2008  Thabo Mbeki resigns as President of South Africa, and is replaced by Kgalema Motlanthe.
2008  The Shenzhou spacecraft is launched by China.
2009  In a joint television appearance at the G-20 Summit, Barack Obama, Gordon Brown and Nicolas Sarkozy accuse Iran of building a uranium enrichment facility.
2010  Ed Miliband becomes leader of the British Labour Party.
2017  Iraqi Kurdistan holds a vote on independence.
2018  American comedian Bill Cosby is sentenced to between three and ten years in prison.
2019  The Australian Capital Territory legalises cannabis for recreational use.
1358  Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shogun (d. 1408)
1403  Louis III of Naples (d. 1434)
1525  Steven Borough, English explorer (d. 1584)
1599  Francesco Borromini, Swiss-Italian architect (d. 1667)
1613  Claude Perrault, French architect, physician and naturalist (d. 1688)
1644  Ole Romer, Danish astronomer (d. 1710)
1683  Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer (d. 1764)
1694  Henry Pelham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1754)
1711  Qianlong, Chinese Emperor (d. 1799)
1725  Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French steam vehicle pioneer (d. 1804)
1729  Christian Gottlob Heyne, German classical scholar (d. 1812)
1734  Cardinal de Rohan, French cardinal and Bishop of Strasbourg (d. 1803)
1738  Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and politician (d. 1789)
1741  Wenzel Pichl, Czech composer, violinist, music director and writer (d. 1805)
1744  Frederick William II of Prussia (d. 1797)
1749  Abraham Gottlob Werner, German mineralogist (d. 1817)
1764  Fletcher Christian, English mutineer (d. 1793)
1766  Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu, French statesman (d. 1822)
1773  Agostino Bassi, Italian naturalist, entomologist and botanist (d. 1856)
1782  Charles Maturin, Irish dramatist and writer (d. 1824)
1793  Felicia Hemans, British poet (d. 1835)
1807  Alfred Vail, American engineer (d. 1859)
1816  Georg August Rudolph, German politician, 3rd Mayor of Marburg (d. 1893)
1825  Joachim Heer, Swiss politician (d. 1879)
1829  Karl Alfred von Zittel, German palaeontologist (d. 1904)
1860  John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow, 1st Governor-General of Australia (d. 1908)
1862  Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1952)
1866  Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist (d. 1945)
1867  Augusto de Vasconcelos, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1951)
1877  Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico (d. 1945)
1879  Lope K. Santos, Filipino writer and labor leader (d. 1963)
1881  Lu Xun, Chinese writer (d. 1936)
1889  Charles Kenneth Scott Moncrieff, Scottish author (d. 1930)
1896  Sandro Pertini, President of Italy (d. 1990)
1897  William Faulkner, American writer (d. 1962)
1901  Robert Bresson, French director (d. 1999)
1903  Mark Rothko, Latvian-American painter (d. 1970)
1906  José Figueres Ferrer, Costa Rican politician (d. 1990)
1906  Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (d. 1975)
1908  Jacqueline Audry, French director and screenwriter (d. 1977)
1911  Eric Williams, 1st Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 1981)
1914  Elena Lucena, Argentine actress (d. 2015)
1915  Ethel Rosenberg, American executed for espionage (d. 1953)
1917  Phil Rizzuto, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2007)
1920  Sergei Bondarchuk, Ukrainian-born actor (d. 1994)
1921  Robert Muldoon, 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1992)
1922  Hammer DeRoburt, 1st President of Nauru (d. 1992)
1922  Roger Etchegaray, French cardinal (d. 2019)
1923  Sam Rivers, American musician (d. 2011)
1924  Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan, Indian activist and politician (d. 2016)
1925  Silvana Pampanini, Italian actress (d. 2016)
1927  Colin Davis, British conductor (d. 2013)
1929  Ronnie Barker, British comedian and actor (d. 2005)
1929  Barbara Walters, American broadcaster
1930  Nino Cerruti, Italian fashion designer
1930  Shel Silverstein, American humorist, singer-songwriter and writer (d. 1999)
1932  Jerry Medwin, Welsh footballer
1932  Adolfo Suárez, former Prime Minister of Spain (d. 2014)
1932  Glenn Gould, Canadian pianist (d. 1982)
1934  Jean Sorel, French actor
1935  Maj Sjöwall, Swedish writer
1936  Juliet Prowse, South African actress and dancer (d. 1996)
1936  Moussa Traoré, former President of Mali
1938  Jonathan Motzfeldt, 1st Prime Minister of Greenland (d. 2010)
1939  Feroz Khan, Indian actor (d. 2009)
1939  Harald Ringstorff, German politician
1939  Gianfranco Leoncini, Italian footballer (d. 2019)
1939  Leon Brittan, English politician (d. 2015)
1940  Takao Sakurai, Japanese boxer
1942  John Taylor, American jazz musician (d. 2015)
1942  Henri Pescarolo, French Formula One driver
1943  Massimo Mattioli, Italian cartoonist (d. 2019)
1943  Robert Walden, American actor
1943  Robert Gates, American politician
1944  Michael Douglas, American actor
1944  José Sacal, Mexican sculptor (d. 2018)
1945  Carol Vadnais, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014)
1945  Dee Dee Warwick, American singer (d. 2008)
1946  Felicity Kendal, British actress
1947  Cheryl Tiegs, American model and actress
1949  Steve Mackay, American saxophonist (d. 2015)
1949  Pedro Almodóvar, Spanish filmmaker
1951  Mark Hamill, American actor
1952  Bell hooks, American author, feminist and social activist
1952  Christopher Reeve, American actor (d. 2004)
1954  Sakis Boulas, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
1954  Joep Lange, Dutch physician and academic (d. 2014)
1954  Juande Ramos, Spanish football manager
1955  Zucchero Fornaciari, Italian singer-songwriter and musician
1955  Steven Severin, English musician, songwriter and producer
1955  Peter Müller, German politician
1955  Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, German footballer
1956  Salvatore Bagni, Italian footballer
1957  Vladimir Popovkin, Russian politician (d. 2014)
1957  Michael Madsen, American actor and producer
1960  Ihor Belanov, Soviet-Ukrainian footballer
1960  Shinji Tanaka, Japanese footballer
1961  Heather Locklear, American actress
1961  Mark Gil, Filipino actor (d. 2014)
1962  Aida Turturro, American actress
1962  Dariusz Wdowczyk, Polish footballer and coach
1963  Tate Donovan, American actor
1963  Mikael Persbrandt, Swedish actor
1964  Barbara Dennerlein, German jazz musician
1965  Kenta Hasegawa, Japanese footballer
1965  Scottie Pippen, American basketball player
1966  Jason Flemyng, British actor
1968  Will Smith, American actor and rapper
1968  Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, Prince of the Netherlands (d. 2013)
1969  Catherine Zeta-Jones, Welsh actress
1969  Hansie Cronje, South African cricketer (d. 2002)
1969  Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal, American guitarist, songwriter and producer
1971  Jessie Wallace, English actress
1974  Richie Edwards, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1974  Víctor Pacheco, Colombian footballer
1975  Declan Donnelly, English actor, television presenter and musician (Ant and Dec)
1976  Petit, Portuguese footballer
1976  Charlotte Ayanne, Puerto Rican actress and model
1978  Ricardo Gardner, Jamaican footballer
1978  Jodie Kidd, English model
1978  Ryan Leslie, American music producer and singer-songwriter
1979  Jason Koumas, Welsh footballer
1980  Nikola Zigic, Serbian footballer
1983  Donald Glover, American actor, rapper, producer and screenwriter
1983  Yuhei Tokunaga, Japanese footballer
1983  Glenn Murray, English footballer
1984  Siphiwe Tshabalala, South African footballer
1984  Matías Silvestre, Argentine footballer
1986  John Barclay, Scottish rugby union player
1988  Joe Prospero, English actor
1989  Samantha Murray, English athlete
1990  Mao Asada, Japanese figure skater
1991  Emmy Clarke, American actress
1992  Keauna McLaughlin, American figure skater
1994  Jansen Panettiere, American actor
1995  Ryan Beatty, American singer
1995  Caitlin Fields, American figure skater
1997  Suzanne Schulting, Dutch short-track speed skater
303  Saint Fermin of Pamplona
1066  Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria (b. 1020)
1066  King Harald III of Norway (b. 1015)
1086  William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 1025)
1333  Prince Morikuni, Japanese shogun (b. 1301)
1496  Pietro Capponi, Italian soldier and statesman (b. 1447)
1506  Philip I of Castile (b. 1478)
1534  Pope Clement VII (b. 1478)
1602  Caspar Peucer, German physician, scholar and reformer (b. 1525)
1617  Emperor Go-Yozei of Japan (b. 1572)
1617  Francisco Suarez, Spanish theologian (b. 1548)
1630  Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbeses, Italian general and politician (b. 1569)
1665  Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (b. 1610)
1777  Johann Heinrich Lambert, Swiss mathematician, physicist, philosopher and astronomer (b. 1728)
1792  Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman (b. 1710)
1794  Paul Rabaut, French Huguenot pastor (b. 1718)
1849  Johann Strauss I, Austrian composer (b. 1804)
1900  Félix-Gabriel Marchand, 11th Premier of Quebec (b. 1832)
1900  John N. Palmer, 15th Governor of Illinois (b. 1817)
1901  Arthur Fremantle, English general (b. 1835)
1918  Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev, Russian general (b. 1857)
1928  Richard F. Outcault, American cartoonist (b. 1863)
1931  Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, German classical philologist (b. 1848)
1933  Ring Lardner, American writer (b. 1885)
1940  Marguerite Clark, American actress (b. 1883)
1941  Foxall P. Keane, American polo player, golfer and racing driver (b. 1867)
1944  Walter Breisky, Austrian politician (b. 1871)
1958  John B. Watson, American psychologist (b. 1878)
1960  Emily Post, American author (b. 1873)
1970  Erich Maria Remarque, German writer (b. 1898)
1971  Hugo Black, American politician and jurist (b. 1886)
1979  Tapio Rautavaara, Finnish javelin thrower, actor and singer (b. 1915)
1980  John Bonham, British musician (Led Zeppelin) (b. 1948)
1980  Lewis Milestone, Russian-American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1895)
1983  King Leopold III of Belgium (b. 1901)
1983  Gunnar Thoroddsen, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1910)
1984  Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (b. 1897)
1986  Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, Russian chemist (b. 1896)
1987  Mary Astor, American actress (b. 1906)
1990  Prafulla Chandra Sen, Indian politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal (b. 1897)
1991  Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (b. 1913)
1992  Joseph Arthur Ankrah, Ghanaian politician (b. 1947)
1995  Annie Elizabeth Delany, American dentist and author (b. 1891)
1996  Nicu Ceausescu, Romanian politician (b. 1951)
2003  Franco Modigliani, Italian economist (b. 1918)
2003  Edward Said, Palestinian-American critic (b. 1935)
2005  Don Adams, American actor (b. 1923)
2005  George Archer, American golfer (b. 1939)
2007  Nobuo Matsunaga, Japanese footballer (b. 1921)
2008  Derog Gioura, Nauruan politician (b. 1931)
2009  Alicia de Larrocha, Spanish pianist (b. 1923)
2010  Art Gilmore, American voice actor (b. 1912)
2011  Wangari Maathai, Kenyan environmental and political activist, Nobel Peace Prize winner (b. 1940)
2012  Andy Williams, American singer and entertainer (b. 1927)
2014  Sulejman Tihic, Bosnian politician (b. 1951)
2014  Ulrick Chérubin, Canadian politician (b. 1943)
2014  Dorothy Tyler-Odam, English athlete (b. 1920)
2015  Moti Kirschenbaum, Israeli television personality (b. 1939)
2015  Claudio Baggini, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1936)
2015  John Galvin, American general (b. 1929)
2016  Arnold Palmer, American golfer (b. 1929)
2016  David Padilla, President of Bolivia (b. 1927)
2017  M. Cherif Bassiouni, Egyptian-American lawyer and human rights activist (b. 1937)
2017  Antony Booth, English actor (b. 1931)
2017  Nora Marks Dauenhauer, American author, poet and scholar (b. 1927)
2017  Elizabeth Dawn, English actress (b. 1939)
2017  Eman Ahmed Abd El Aty, Egyptian world's second-heaviest woman (b. 1980)
2017  Helga Grebing, German historian (b. 1930)
2017  Anatoly Gromyko, Soviet-Russian scientist and diplomat (b. 1932)
2017  Bobby Knutt, English actor (b. 1945)
2018  Helena Almeida, Portuguese photographer and painter (b. 1934)
2018  Marie Colton, American politician (b. 1922)
2018  Ivan Kapitanets, Soviet-Russian military officer (b. 1928)
2018  Danny Lewicki, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1931)
2019  Jesper Hoffmeyer, Danish biologist (b. 1942)
2019  Donald Nicholls, Baron Nicholls of Birkenhead, British peer (b. 1933)
2019  Arne Weise, Swedish journalist and television personality (b. 1930)
2019  Michael D. Coe, American archaeologist, anthropologist and author (b. 1929)
Armed Forces/Revolution Day (Mozambique)
331 BC  Alexander the Great crosses the Tigris on his way to conquering the Persians.
1058  Agnes de Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to talk about the border zone in present-day Burgenland.
1187  Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.
1260  The Great Prussian Uprising among the old Prussians begins against the Teutonic Knights.
1459  First documented mention of Bucharest.
1498  An earthquake and tsunami washes away the building housing the Great Buddha at Kotoku-in in Kamagura, Kanagawa, Japan.
Since then, the Buddha statue has sat in open-air.
1519  Ferdinand Magellan sets sail from Spain with 270 crew members, of whom only 18 return home in 1522.
Magellan is killed in the Philippines in 1521.
1596  Diego de Montemayor founds the city of Monterrey, Mexico.
1697  The Treaty of Rijswijk is signed by France, England, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, ending the Nine Years' War.
1848  The American Association for the Advancement of Science is created.
1854  Crimean War: British and French troops defeat the Russians in the Battle of Alma.
1859  For the electric oven, American George B. Simpson is given a US patent.
1860  Future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (then the Prince of Wales), visits the United States.
1863  American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga ends in Confederate victory.
1870  The Unification of Italy is completed.
1881  Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st President of the United States.
This is after the death of James Garfield the previous day, as a result of injuries from being shot on July 2 by Charles J. Guiteau.
1893  The first gasoline-powered car in America debuts in Springfield, Massachusetts.
1906  The Cunard Line's ship RMS Mauretania is launched in Newcastle upon Tyne.
1908  Near Prince of Wales Island, Southeast Alaska, the barque (a type of ship) Star of Bengal collides with a rock and sinks, killing 110 people.
1909  The British Parliament passes the South Africa Act of 1909, creating the Union of South Africa from the British colonies of Good Hope, Natal, Orange River and Transvaal.
1910  The Ocean Liner SS France is launched.
1911  The White Star line's RMS Olympic collides with British warship HMS Hawke.
1914  World War I: The cathedral in Reims, France, is severely damaged by German artillery.
1920  Foundation of the Spanish Legion.
1932  Mahatma Gandhi begins a hunger strike in prison in Pune, India.
1942  Holocaust: In Letychev, Ukraine, the SS murders 3,000 Jews in two days.
1946  The first Cannes Film Festival is held.
It still takes place every year, in May.
1961  Konstantinos Dovas becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
1962  African American James Meredith is temporarily barred from entering the University of Mississippi.
1967  The ship RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 is launched at Clydebank near Glasgow.
1971  Hurricane Irene crosses the Caribbean Sea, through Nicaragua, to the Pacific Ocean to become Hurricane Olivia; This is the first time a hurricane is known to have crossed from the Caribbean to the Pacific.
1973  Billie Jean King defeats Bobby Riggs in a 'Battle of the Sexes' tennis match in Houston, Texas.
1977  The Socialist Republic of Vietnam joins the UN.
1978  Johannes Rau, future President of Germany, is chosen as Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia, a position he will hold for 20 years.
1979  In the present-day Central African Republic, Jean Bedel Bokassa, self-declared Emperor Bokassa I, is overthrown.
1982  NFL players begin a 57-day strike.
1984  A bomb attack targets the US Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon.
1990  South Ossetia declares its independence from the Republic of Georgia.
2001  George W. Bush declares War on Terror.
2002  A Rock-Ice Slide occurs with the partial collapse of the Kolka Glacier in North Ossetia, southern Russia.
The resulting avalanche kills 125 people.
2003  Voters in Latvia approve entry to the EU in a referendum.
2004  Wikipedia publishes articles in its 100th language.
2008  A bomb attack at the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad kills 54 people.
2011  Former President of Afghanistan Burhanuddin Rabbani is assassinated.
2014  Prime Minister of New Zealand John Key wins a third term in office, after his New Zealand National Party wins the parliamentary election.
2017  Hurricane Maria hits Puerto Rico, where it kills thousands of people and cuts the whole island's electricity supply.
2019  Led by school pupils, worldwide protests take place calling for politicians to act on climate change.
524  Kan B'alam I, ruler of the Mayan city of Palenque (d. 583)
1486  Arthur Tudor, son of Henry VII of England (d. 1502)
1503  Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski, Polish scholar, humanist and theologian (d. 1572)
1593  Gottfried Scheidt, German composer and organist (d. 1661)
1599  Christian the Younger of Brunswick, German Protestant military leader (d. 1626)
1685  Giuseppe Matteo Alberti, Italian baroque composer and violinist (d. 1751)
1735  James Keir, Scottish chemist, geologist and inventor (d. 1820)
1746  Maurice Benyovszky, Hungarian explorer and writer (d. 1786)
1758  Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Emperor of Haiti (d. 1806)
1778  Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian naval officer and explorer (d. 1852)
1800  Benjamin Franklin White, American singer and composer (d. 1879)
1815  Richard Dry, Australian politician, 7th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1869)
1820  John F. Reynolds, American general (d. 1863)
1830  Yoshida Shoin, Japanese intellectual, teacher and revolutionary (d. 1859)
1831  Kate Harrington, American teacher, writer and poet (d. 1917)
1832  Johann Joseph Abert, German-Bohemian composer and conductor (d. 1915)
1833  Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist (d. 1918)
1842  James Dewar, Scottish chemist and physicist (d. 1923)
1843  Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (d. 1865)
1851  Henry Arthur Jones, English writer (d. 1929)
1853  Rama V, King of Siam (d. 1910)
1860  James Gillett, 22nd Governor of California (d. 1937)
1861  Herbert Putnam, American Librarian of Congress (d. 1955)
1872  Maurice Gamelin, French army general (d. 1958)
1873  Sidney Olcott, Canadian movie director (d. 1949)
1873  Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian racing driver (d. 1944)
1875  Matthias Erzberger, German publicist and politician (d. 1921)
1878  Upton Sinclair, American writer (d. 1968)
1884  Maxwell Perkins, American editor and publisher (d. 1947)
1885  Jelly Roll Morton, American jazz pianist (d. 1941)
1885  Enrico Mizzi, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1950)
1889  Charles Reidpath, American city planner and athlete (d. 1975)
1890  Linda Eenpalu, Estonian politician and activist (d. 1962)
1893  Hans Scharoun, German architect (d. 1972)
1897  Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, President of Brazil (d. 1967)
1899  Leo Strauss, German-born philosopher (d. 1973)
1900  Nikolay Timofeev-Ressowski, Russian geneticist (d. 1981)
1908  Ernest Manning, Canadian preacher and politician, Premier of Alberta (d. 1996)
1911  Pandit Shri Ram Sharma Acharya, Indian philosopher (d. 1991)
1914  Kenneth More, English actor (d. 1982)
1916  Malik Meraj Khalid, Pakistani politician (d. 2003)
1917  Red Auerbach, American basketball coach (d. 2006)
1917  Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (d. 1994)
1917  Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1996)
1920  Alberto de Lacerda, Portuguese poet (d. 2007)
1920  Jay Ward, American animator, producer and screenwriter (d. 1989)
1921  Chico Hamilton, American jazz drummer and bandleader (d. 2013)
1921  Carlo Parola, Italian footballer (d. 2000)
1923  Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Indian actor and producer (d. 2014)
1924  Gogi Grant, American singer (d. 2016)
1925  Ananda Mahidol, King of Thailand (d. 1946)
1925  James Bernard, English movie composer (d. 2001)
1925  Bobby Nunn, American singer (d. 1986)
1926  Libero Liberati, Italian motorcycle racer (d. 1962)
1927  John Dankworth, English jazz musician (d. 2010)
1927  Rachel Roberts, Welsh actress (d. 1980)
1928  William J. Edwards, American politician (d. 2019)
1928  Donald Hall, American poet (d. 2018)
1929  Anne Meara, American comic and actress (d. 2015)
1929  Hans von Borsody, Austrian-German actor (d. 2013)
1929  Joe Temperley, Scottish jazz saxophonist (d. 2016)
1934  Sophia Loren, Italian actress
1935  Walter Eschweiler, German football referee
1936  Andrew Davies, Welsh writer
1937  Birgitta Dahl, Swedish politician
1937  Monica Zetterlund, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2005)
1940  Taro Aso, former Prime Minister of Japan
1942  Gerald Tremblay, 41st Mayor of Montreal
1942  Rose Francine Rogombé, Interim President of Gabon (d. 2015)
1943  Sani Abacha, President of Nigeria (d. 1998)
1946  Dorothy Hukill, American politician (d. 2018)
1947  Wojciech Kurtyka, Polish mountaineer
1947  Mia Martini, Italian singer and actress (d. 1995)
1948  George R. R. Martin, American writer, screenwriter and producer
1948  Chuck Panozzo, American musician
1948  John Panozzo, American musician (d. 1996)
1949  Anthony Denison, American actor
1949  Mahesh Bhatt, Indian director, producer and screenwriter
1949  Victoria Mallory, American singer and actress (d. 2014)
1952  Manuel Zelaya, former President of Honduras
1954  Anne McIntosh, Scottish politician
1956  Gary Cole, American actor
1956  Steve Coleman, American jazz saxophonist, bandleader and composer
1959  Joseph Alessi, American trombonist
1960  Dave Hemingway, English singer-songwriter
1961  Caroline Flint, English politician
1962  Jim Al-Khalili, English physicist, writer and broadcaster
1966  Nuno Bettencourt, Portuguese guitarist, singer-songwriter and record producer
1966  Douglas Gordon, Scottish artist
1967  Kristen Johnston, American actress
1967  Gunnar Nelson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1967  Matthew Nelson, American singer-songwriter and bass player
1969  Richard Witschge, Dutch footballer
1971  Tinna Björk Baldvinsdóttir, Icelandic footballer and psychologist
1971  Henrik Larsson, Swedish footballer
1972  Victor Ponta, former Prime Minister of Romania
1973  Jo Pavey, English runner
1975  Juan Pablo Montoya, Colombian race car driver
1975  Asia Argento, Italian actress
1976  Jon Bernthal, American actor
1977  Namie Amuro, Japanese pop singer
1979  Dan Gillespie Sells, British musician (The Feeling)
1980  Judith Schalansky, German writer, book designer and publisher
1980  Robert Koren, Slovenian footballer
1980  Igor Vori, Croatian handball player
1981  Feliciano López, Spanish tennis player
1981  Ryan Tandy, Australian rugby league player (d. 2014)
1982  Aaron Burkart, German rally driver
1982  Brian Fortuna, American dancer and choreographer
1983  Freya Murray, Scottish athlete
1984  Brian Joubert, French figure skater
1987  Gain, South Korean singer, actress and entertainer
1987  Deon McCaulay, Belizean footballer
1987  Reza Ghoochannejhad, Iranian footballer
1988  Sergei Bobrovsky, Russian ice hockey player
1990  John Tavares, Canadian ice hockey player
1990  Phillip Phillips, American Idol winner
1990  Waylon Francis, Costa Rican footballer
1991  Spencer Locke, American actress
1992  Safura Alizadeh, Azerbaijani singer
1992  Peter Prevc, Slovenian ski jumper
1993  Julian Draxler, German footballer
1995  Laura Dekker, Dutch-New Zealand sailor
1995  Sammi Hanratty, American actress
1996  Marlos Moreno, Colombian footballer
911  Louis the Child, King of the East Franks (b. 893)
1328  Ibn Taymiyyah, Syrian theologian and scholar (b. 1263)
1384  King Louis of Naples (b. 1339)
1460  Gilles Binchois, Flemish composer (b. 1400)
1590  Lodovico Agostini, Italian composer (b. 1534)
1629  Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1587)
1630  Claudio Saracini, Italian composer (b. 1586)
1684  Kim Seok-ju, Korean scholar, politician and author (b. 1634)
1793  Fletcher Christian, English mutineer (b. 1764)
1839  Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet, British admiral (b. 1769)
1840  Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia, Paraguayan politician (b. 1766)
1845  Matvei Gedenschtorm, Russian explorer (b. 1780)
1852  Philander Chase, American bishop and educator (b. 1775)
1863  Jacob Grimm, German writer and folklorist (b. 1785)
1898  Theodor Fontane, German writer (b. 1819)
1908  Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (b. 1844)
1919  Ramón Barros Luco, President of Chile (b. 1835)
1927  George Nichols, American actor (b. 1864)
1930  Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian anthropologist and explorer (b. 1873)
1932  John Ellis, English executioner (b. 1874)
1933  Annie Besant, British writer, philosopher and journalist (b. 1847)
1945  Augusto Tasso Fragoso, President of Brazil (b. 1869)
1945  William Seabrook, American occultist, journalist and explorer (b. 1884)
1946  Raimu, French actor (b. 1883)
1947  Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City (b. 1882)
1948  Husain Salaahudin, Maldivian scholar, poet and writer (b. 1881)
1957  Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (b. 1865)
1970  Alexandros Othonaios, Greek general and Prime Minister (b. 1879)
1971  Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet (b. 1900)
1973  Jim Croce, American singer-songwriter (b. 1943)
1975  Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer (b. 1887)
1979  Ludvik Svoboda, Czechoslovakian politician (b. 1895)
1993  Erich Hartmann, German pilot and fighter ace (b. 1922)
1994  Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat and author (b. 1921)
1996  Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1913)
1996  Reuben Kamenga, 1st Vice president of Zambia (b. 1929)
1998  Muriel Humphrey Brown, United States Senator and wife of Hubert Humphrey (b. 1912)
1999  Raisa Gorbachova, wife of Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1932)
2002  Sergei Bodrov, Jr., Russian actor (b. 1971)
2003  Gordon Mitchell, American actor (b. 1923)
2003  Simon Muzenda, Zimbabwean politician (b. 1922)
2004  Brian Clough, English football manager (b. 1935)
2005  Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Holocaust survivor (b. 1908)
2006  Sven Nykvist, Swedish cameraman and director (b. 1922)
2010  Fud Leclerc, Belgian singer (b. 1924)
2011  Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (b. 1940)
2012  Fortunato Baldelli, Italian cardinal (b. 1935)
2014  Anatoly Berezovoy, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1942)
2014  Polly Bergen, American actress (b. 1930)
2014  Rob Bironas, American football player (b. 1978)
2014  Vince Callahan, American politician (b. 1931)
2014  Pino Cerami, Italian-Belgian cyclist (b. 1922)
2014  Takako Doi, Japanese politician (b. 1928)
2014  George Sluizer, Dutch film director (b. 1932)
2015  Jack Larson, American actor, screenwriter and producer (b. 1928)
2015  C. K. Williams, American poet (b. 1936)
2015  Siegfried Gottwald, German mathematician (b. 1943)
2016  Richie Dunn, American ice hockey player (b. 1957)
2016  Peter Leo Gerety, American bishop (b. 1912)
2016  Curtis Hanson, American movie director and screenwriter (b. 1945)
2017  Ene Mihkelson, Estonian novelist (b. 1944)
2017  Lillian Ross, American journalist and author (b. 1918)
2017  Teddy Taylor, British politician (b. 1937)
2017  Arne Solli, Norwegian military officer (b. 1938)
2018  Fadhil Jalil al-Barwari, Iraqi military officer (b. 1966)
2018  John Cunliffe, English children's writer (b. 1933)
2018  Inge Feltrinelli, German-Italian publisher and photographer (b. 1930)
2018  George N. Hatsopoulos, Greek-born American chemical engineer (b. 1927)
2018  Laurie Mitchell, American actress (b. 1928)
2018  K-Run's Park Me In First, American-bred show dog (b. 2005)
2018  Mohamed Sahnoun, Algerian politician and diplomat (b. 1931)
2018  Reinhard Tritscher, German skier (b. 1946)
2018  Henry Wessel Jr., American photographer (b. 1942)
2019  Robert Boyd, American journalist (b. 1928)
2019  Howard Cassady, American football player (b. 1934)
2019  Séamus Hegarty, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1940)
2019  Jan Merlin, American actor (b. 1925)
2019  Gregorio Martínez Sacristán, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1946)
2019  Yonrico Scott, American drummer (b. 1955)
2019  Su Beng, Taiwanese dissident (b. 1918)
National Youth Day (Thailand)
Constitution Day (Nepal)
1217  Livonian Crusade: Estonian tribal leader Lembitu and Livonian tribal leader Kaupo are killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day.
1327  After rejecting the throne, King Edward II of England is murdered in Berkeley, Gloucester.
1435  An agreement between Charles VII of France and Philip the Good ends the partnership between the English and Burgundy in the Hundred Years' War.
1745  A Hanoverian army is defeated at the Battle of Prestonpans by the Jacobites under Charles Edward Stuart.