the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In this series, he played a gay cyclist.
In 1996, Ledger was involved in the short-lived Fox Broadcasting Company fantasy-drama Roar.
In 1999, Ledger starred in the teen comedy movie 10 Things I Hate About You.
He also had the lead role in the Australian movie Two Hands, directed by Gregor Jordan.
From 2000 to 2005 he starred in The Patriot, Monster's Ball, A Knight's Tale, The Four Feathers, Ned Kelly, The Order, and The Brothers Grimm.
In 2001, he won a ShoWest Award for the "Male Star of Tomorrow" for his work in The Patriot and A Knight's Tale.
In 2003, he was named one of Australian GQ's "Men of the Year" for acting.
Ledger received the "Best Actor of 2005" award from both the New York Film Critics Circle and the San Francisco Film Critics Circle for his acting in Brokeback Mountain.
In this movie, he plays Wyoming ranch hand Ennis Del Mar, who is in love with rodeo rider Jack Twist, played by Jake Gyllenhaal.
He also received a nomination for a Golden Globe award "Best Actor in a Drama" and a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor for this acting.
Also in 2005, Ledger played a version of Giacomo Casanova in the romantic comedy movie Casanova.
It also starred Sienna Miller.
In 2006, Ledger was asked to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
In 2007, he was one of six actors to play different sides of singer Bob Dylan in the movie I'm Not There.
Ledger played comic book villain The Joker in The Dark Knight.
This is the sequel to the 2005 movie Batman Begins.
The movie was released on July 18, 2008.
Ledger started a record company with singer Ben Harper.
In 2006, Ledger directed three music videos: "Cause an Effect" and "Seduction Is Evil (She's Hot)" for Australian hip-hop artist N'fa, as well as "Morning Yearning" for Ben Harper.
Press reception
Ledger had problems with paparazzi.
It is said that he spat at and assaulted a photographer in Sydney in 2004.
His relative is also said to have spat on a photographer in 2005.
Ledger said this was not true.
Ledger caused problems after he was quoted in January 2006 in Australia's Herald Sun saying that West Virginia had banned Brokeback Mountain when it had not.
He also said the state had lynchings as recently as the 1980s.
These statements have been said to not be true by historians, who said that the last non-legal public hanging in West Virginia happened in 1931.
From August 2002 to April 2004, Ledger had a relationship with actress Naomi Watts.
They met when they filmed Ned Kelly together.
Before that, he had dated actresses Lisa Zane and Heather Graham.
Ledger was engaged to actress Michelle Williams, whom he met while filming Brokeback Mountain.
Their daughter, Matilda Rose, was born on October 28, 2005 in New York City.
In August 2007, Us Weekly said that Ledger and Williams ended their relationship.
Neither Ledger nor Williams said the rumor was true at that time.
In September 2007, Williams' father, Larry, told the Sydney Daily Telegraph that Ledger and Williams had separated.
Ledger was found dead in his apartment  in the SoHo neighborhood of New York City on January 22, 2008.
Ledger's body was found by a housekeeper and a massage therapist, who entered the bedroom to find him face down on the floor with sleeping pills on a nearby table.
Police said that there were "no obvious signs" of suicide.
They also did not think his death was caused by someone else.
2009 - Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role, The Dark Knight (Won)
2006 - Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
1999 - Best Actor in a Leading Role, Two Hands (Nominated)
2003 - Best Actor in a Leading Role, Ned Kelly (Nominated)
2006 - Best Actor in a Leading Role, Candy (Nominated)
2008 - Best Actor in a Supporting Role, The Dark Knight (Won)
2009 - Best Actor in a Supporting Role, The Dark Knight (Won)
2006 - Best Actor in a Leading Role, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
2009 - Best Performance by an Actor In A Supporting Role in a Motion Picture, The Dark Knight (Won)
2006 - Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
2008 - Robert Altman Award, I'm Not There. (
Won) *shared w/ cast and crew.
2006 - Best Actor, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
2008 - Best Villain, The Dark Knight (Won)
2008 - Best Fantasy Actor, The Dark Knight (Won)
2006 - Best Kiss, Brokeback Mountain (Won) *shared w/ Jake Gyllenhaal
2002 - Best Kiss, A Knight's Tale (Nominated) *shared w/ Shannyn Sossamon
2002 - Best Musical Sequence A Knight's Tale (Nominated) *shared w/ Shannyn Sossamon
2000 - Best Musical Sequence 10 Things I Hate About You (Nominated)
2009 - Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role, The Dark Knight (Won)
2006 - Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
2006 - Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
Heath Ledger comprehensive profile
Heath Ledger at Notable Names Database
Heath Ledger comprehensive news & profile at Daily Telegraph (Australia)
www.gmanews.tv, Timeline of Heath Ledger's career
Accidental deaths in New York City
Actors from Perth, Western Australia
Exposure comes from the Latin word "expōnere" which means to put out.
Lack of protection over prolonged periods under weather, extreme temperatures or dangerous substances (see also: hypothermia, radiation poisoning)
Exposure (toxicology): When a toxin gets on or into a person's body
Exposure (photography), the total amount of light allowed to fall on the sensor during the taking of a photograph
Exposure, a 1979 music album by Robert Fripp
Investment, a financial holding in a particular market sector
In photography, exposure is used to mean two things.
Photograhic films or sensors have a certain senitivity.
That means that a certain amount of light needs to be able to reach the film or sensor, before the image is correctly exposed.
An exposure can also refer to a photo exposed that way.
Metropolitan Borough of Bury - A borough in the Metropolitan county of Greater Manchester
Bury - The largest town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury
Bury or Burial - To put something underneath others, or to put a body in the earth
Tulle, Correze Department.
Originally twinned with Prestwich.
, Schorndorf, a medieval market town to the east of Stuttgart.
Woodbury, New Jersey.
Datong.
Bury MBC website
In Ancient Greece, a metic () was a foreigner living in a Greek city-state (polis).
The metic did not have the same citizen rights as a citizen who was born in the state he was living in.
The term 'metic' was especially used in ancient Athens in the 4th and 5th centuries BC.
A notable metic was Aristotle, who was born in Stageira but lived in Athens for a long time.
Regardless of how many generations of the family had lived in the city, metics did not become citizens unless the city chose to bestow citizenship on them as a gift.
This was rarely done.
Citizenship at Athens brought eligibility for numerous state payments such as jury and assembly pay, which could be significant to working people.
During emergencies the city could distribute rations to citizens.
They were not permitted to own real estate in Attica, whether farm or house, unless granted a special exemption.
Metics shared the burdens of citizenship without any of its privileges.
Like citizens, they had to perform military service and, if rich enough, were subject to special tax contributions.
Citizenship was very rarely granted to metics.
More common was the special status of "equal rights" (isoteleia) under which they were freed from the usual liabilities.
The system came to an end in Hellenistic Athens, when the purchase of citizenship became very frequent.
The census of 317 BC gave 21,000 citizens, 10,000 metics and 400,000 slaves in Attica.
In the Greco-Roman world, free people (non-citizens) living on the territory of a polis were called "paroikoi"  (see etymology of parish), in Asia Minor "katoikoi".
To be classed as a citizen in fifth-century Athens you had to be male, born from two Athenian parents, over eighteen years old, and complete your military service.
Women, slaves, metics and children under the age of 20 were not allowed to become citizens.
Citizens could be involved in the running of Athens and could be chosen for important positions.
They were also allowed to own land.
Citizens were between 10% and 20% of the total population at various times in the 5rh and 4th centuries.
The Ecclesia (Assembly of Men)
Athens had a direct democracy.
This meant that each citizen had an equal say and opportunity in the governing of Athens.
The citizens of Athens would meet on a hillside (the Pnyx) 30 to 40 times a year to discuss how to run the city better.
Usually a few thousand actually came to the meeting.
All citizens could attend the meetings.
People would stand on a raised platform called the bema to speak.
Speakers wore a garland whilst speaking.
Any citizen could speak.
All major decisions concerning the running of Athens were decided here – taxes, war, policy, etc.
Any decisions were made by a show of hands.
All democratic countries now have an indirect democracy.
This means  members of parliament are elected to make decisions concerning government.
There are now too many people in different countries for them to meet on a hillside, and many people are too busy to be able to go many times per year.
The Boule (Council of 500)
Cleisthenes, a democratic reformer, divided Attica into ten tribes in 510 BC.
The Boule was made up of 50 male Athenian citizens chosen at random from each of the ten tribes (all over 30 years old).
This meant that 500 men were elected, but only 50 served at any one time.
It was started by Guccio Gucci (1881 – 1953) in Florence in 1909.
Gucci is seen as one of the most famous, successful, and easily recognizable fashion brands in the world.
Gucci is now owned by the French conglomerate company, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR).
BusinessWeek magazine says that Gucci made more than US$7 billion in 2006, and was 46th in the magazine's yearly "Top 100 Brands".
For this reason Gucci is the second biggest selling fashion brand after LVMH.
Most importantly Gucci is the biggest selling Italian brand in the world.
Gucci has about 425 shops in the world and it sells its products to other shops by franchisees and department stores.
Gucci was started in 1906 by Guccio Gucci.
In 1938, Gucci grew bigger, and a small shop opened in Rome.
Guccio Gucci designed many of the company's famous clothes.
In 1947, Gucci made the bamboo-handle handbag, which is still used.
In the 1950s, Gucci also made the striped webbing (a type of material), and the suede and metal moccasin shoes.
Guccio Gucci's wife, Aida Calvelli had a large family, with six children, but only their sons (Vasco, Aldo, Ugo, and Rodolfo), not their daughters help lead the company.
After Guccio's death in 1953 , Aldo helped lead the company to being a major fashion shop in more than one country, opening the company’s first small shops in London, Paris, and New York.
Even in Gucci’s younger years, the family was well known for its arguments.
Arguments about inheritances, stock holdings, and day-to-day operations of the shops often divided the family, and caused alliances to be made.
Gucci grew in other countries.
Gucci decided to grow a lot in East Asia in the late 1960s, opening shops in Hong Kong (China), Tokyo (Japan), and Korea.
At that time, the company also made its famous GG logo (Guccio Gucci's initials), and the Flora silk scarf (worn most by Hollywood actress Grace Kelly), and the "Jackie O shoulder" bag, which was made famous by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, the widow of U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
Gucci stayed as one of the biggest luxury clothes companies in the world, until the late 1970s, when some bad business decisions and family arguments almost made the company bankrupt.
At the time, the brothers 'Aldo' and 'Rodolfo' controlled equal 50% shares of the company, but contributed less to the company than Guccio Gucci and all his sons did.
In 1979, 'Aldo' made the 'Gucci Accessories Collection', or 'GAC', which was meant to increase sales for the Gucci Parfums sector, which his sons controlled.
GAC sold small accessories, such as cosmetic bags, lighters, and pens, which were cheaper than the other items in the company’s accessories catalogue.
Aldo relegated control of Parfums to his son Roberto in an effort to weaken Rodolfo’s control of the overall operations of the company.
Aldo Gucci grew into new markets, such as an agreement with American Motors Corporation (AMC), so that in 1972 AMC Hornet small "Sportabout" car became one of the first American cars to give a special luxury made by a famous fashion designer.
The Gucci cars had striped green, red, and buff material inside, as well as the Gucci's logos and outside color selections.
The "Gucci Accessories Collection" was popular, but it brought the Gucci strength down.
After a few years, the "Parfums section" started to sell better than the "Accessories section".
The newly-made wholesaling business brought the once-exclusive brand to over a thousand stores in the United States alone with the GAC line, deteriorating the brand’s standing with fashionable customers. "
In the 1960s and 1970s," writes Vanity Fair editor Graydon Carter, "Gucci had been at the pinnacle of chic, thanks to icons such as Audrey Hepburn, Grace Kelly, and Jacqueline Onassis.
But by the 1980s, Gucci had lost its appeal, becoming a tacky airport brand."
1921 establishments in Italy
A ghoul is a monster from ancient Arabian folklore.
Ghouls live in burial grounds and other uninhabited places.
The English word comes from the Arabic name for the creature: الغول ghūl, which literally means "demon".
The ghul is a devilish type of jinn believed to be sired by Iblis.
The female form is given as "ghouleh" in Muhawi and Kanaana (see ref below).
The plural is "ghilan".
Ghoul is also a shapeshifting demon that lives in the desert.
The demon can take the form of an animal, especially a hyena.
It lures unwary travellers into the desert.
It will then kill and eat them.
The creature also preys on young children, robs graves, and eats the dead.
Because of this habit the word ghoul is sometimes used to refer to an ordinary human such as a grave robber, or to anyone who likes the macabre.
In Iran
In Iranian mythologies, Ghouls are creatures very similar to humans, but larger.
Usually they are less intelligent and not necessarily evil.
Most Persian speakers use Ghoul to describe large people (figuratively "giants").
This may or may not be considered an insult, depending on the situation.
How ghouls are shown
Ghouls and ghoul-like creatures have been portrayed in different ways in fiction, including a series of dark fantasy, short stories by Brian McNaughton, a Michael Slade novel, "Ghoul", Larry Niven's "Ringworld" series, J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, the works of Caitlín R. Kiernan, Laurell K. Hamilton's Anita Blake series, and Jim Butcher's The Dresden Files.
Morlocks are a fictional species of cannibalistic ghouls, created by H. G. Wells for his 1895 novel, The Time Machine.
The Morlocks, as well as another supposed offshoot of humans, the Eloi, exist in the future world in the year 802,701 A.D. in The Time Machine.
Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula has a character that acts much like a ghoul.
The character is named Renfield.
Under the vampire's influence, Renfield becomes his willing slave.
He develops a craving to eat living creatures in the hope of obtaining their life-force for himself.
After being confined to an asylum, he considers eating a human hospital orderly, but finds he can only capture and consume flies, spiders, and the occasional bird.
In the fiction of H. P. Lovecraft, a ghoul is a member of a nocturnal race that lives underground.
Some ghouls were once human, but a diet of human corpses, and perhaps the tutelage of proper ghouls, changed them into horrific bestial humanoids.
In the short story "Pickman's Model" (1927), the first of Lovecraft's ghoul stories, they are unutterably terrible monsters; however, in his earlier novella The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath (1926), the ghouls are somewhat less disturbing, even comical at times, and both helpful and loyal to the protagonist.
Richard Upton Pickman, a noteworthy Boston painter who disappeared mysteriously in "Pickman's Model", appears as a ghoul himself in Dream-Quest.
Similar themes appear in "The Lurking Fear" (1922) and "The Rats in the Walls" (1924).
Both of stories claim there are subterranean clans of degenerate,  cannibals or carrion-eating humans.
In modern and contemporary fiction, ghouls are often confused with other types of undead, usually the mindless varieties of zombies.
Although modern fiction (post-1954), particularly 1954's I Am Legend, suggests that the latter beings share cannibalistic habits with ghouls, it is nonetheless generally believed that vampires and zombies prefer live prey.
In Frank Herbert's Dune series, a Ghola is a deceased person who has been brought back to life, via a secret, almost illegal Tleilaxu technology.
Traditionally, the Ghola is stripped of memories from his or her past life and taught new skills.
Ghola are often sold to nobles by the Tleilaxu as servants and retainers.
Given their highly superstitious nature, Fremen are distrustful of ghola, despite the potential usefulness of the living dead.
The ambiguity as to whether or not latent memories of the "old self" are still present in the ghola's mind is a long-drawn debate throughout the story.
It has been suggested that the term ghola originates in Arabic, as do other terms in the Dune series.
Although many screenplays have featured ghouls, the first major motion picture of this theme was the 1933 British movie entitled The Ghoul.
The actor Boris Karloff plays a dying Egyptologist who possesses an occult gem, known as The Eternal Light, which he believes will grant immortality if he is buried with it, and thereby able to present it to Anubis in the afterlife.
Of course, his bickering covetous heirs and associates would rather keep the jewel for themselves.
Karloff vows to rise from his grave and avenge himself against anyone who meddles with his plan, and he keeps this promise when one of his colleagues steals The Eternal Light after his death.
In 1968, George A. Romero's movie Night of the Living Dead combined reanimated corpses (zombies) with cannibalistic monsters (ghouls).
With this, it created new movie monsters more terrifying than either of the two alone.
The term "ghoul" was the one actually used in the movie.
The term zombies came later, after the movie was released.
Romero had never thought of them that way; he said he thought of the Caribbean creatures, when he heard the term zombies.
The 1976 Turkish movie 'Milk Brothers' (original story by H. Rahmi Gurpinar's 'Ghoul') is a Turkish comedy.
Here, a ghoul is a monster with extra power.
Ghoul is a monster that was used to frighten little children in the old times, so here the ghoul is used to frighten not only little children, but as well big people.
The 1975 British movie The Ghoul (unrelated to the Karloff movie) stars Peter Cushing as a defrocked missionary whose son has developed a taste for human flesh while traveling in India.
As the son's mind and body degenerate, Cushing has several young people dispatched and prepared as food for his offspring, whom he keeps locked up in the attic.
The 1975 anthology movie The Monster Club featured a scene where a village of ghouls stumbled upon by an unwary traveller (Stuart Whitman), who temporarily escapes the creatures with the help of one half-human girl, but he is recaptured when it turns out that the ghouls have representatives inhabiting our normal human world.
In the anime and manga series Hellsing, ghouls are zombie-like creatures that are created when a "chipped" (technological) vampire drains a victim to death, or, in the Manga, where a vampire drains the blood of someone who is not a virgin.
If fatally wounded, they instantly crumble to dust.
They are under the control of the vampire who bites them, eat human flesh, and are intelligent enough to use firearms.
It is not rare to see a vampire make a small army of Ghouls for attack or defense.
The Batman comics-based franchise, including the 2005 movie, Batman Begins, has an antagonist named, Rā's al-Ghūl, whose name derives from the original Arabic name for the star Algol in the constellation Perseus meaning "the monster's (i.e. Medusa's) head".
Graverobber
Muhawi, Ibrahim, and Sharif Kanaana.
Speak, Bird, Speak Again: Palestinian Arab Folktales.
Berkeley: University of California Press, c1988
Most Haunted is a British paranormal television program based on investigating possible paranormal activity.
It is shown on the satellite and cable channels Living, Living2 and Virgin 1 (Formerly Ftn), mainly for the UK market.
It is also shown in the United States on the Travel Channel and on the W Channel in Australia.
It is made by Antix Productions, and is led by Yvette Fielding and her husband Karl Beattie.
Sister shows
Most Haunted Extra: runs directly after premiere episodes, documenting behind-the-scenes antics of the cast and crew on that night's location.
Most Haunted Unseen: re-release of complete series one but with added footage bringing the duration of the programme from half an hour to an hour.
Most Haunted Live: Access All Areas: similar to Most Haunted Extra.
Features behind-the-scenes footage and interviews with the team.
Most Haunted Midsummer Murders: Seven part series where Most Haunted investigators try to solve murder mysteries in normal English villages.
Hosted by Most Haunted Live historian Lesley Smith.
The series started on a weekly broadcast from 2007-06-19 to 2007-07-31 and the team visited (in order of broadcast) Stoney Middleton, Nantwich, Castleton, Pluckley, Ruthin, Tutbury and Tarvin.
Most Haunted: Recurring Nightmares: Series in which the presenters tell and recall their most feared visits.
The Most Haunted team
Most Haunted has a main presenter, a psychic medium and a parapsychologist.
The parapsychologist's role is to be the skeptic, and to give possible scientifical suggestions for the paranormal activity that happens during the night.
These are supported by some of the production crew, who appear in the show and generally have some involvement with many parts of the investigation as they are performing their normal crew role.
Most of these on-screen crew members also take part in séances.
The show has also featured guest mediums.
So far these have been Ian Lawman, Ian Shillito, Gordon Smith, Uri Geller and Kevin Wade.
Some episodes have also included at least one celebrity.
So far celebrities have included Vic Reeves, Nancy Sorrell, Gaby Roslin, Scott Mills, Mark Chapman, Simon Gregson, Sue Cleaver, Carol Thatcher, Paul O'Grady and Lee Ryan.
Former team members
Many times, former "psychic medium" Derek Acorah was possessed by a spirit, sometimes evil or sometimes "lost and confused".
One such case that exposed Acorah was at Bodmin Gaol, Cornwall.
Before the filming, Acorah had been fed misinformation about a non-existent ghost of Kreed Kafer by the show parapsychologist Dr. Ciaran O' Keeffe.
During the investigation, which was later broadcast, he presented the information as fact and even behaved as though being possessed by the fictional ghost.
O'Keeffe later revealed Kreed Kafer is an anagram of 'Derek Faker' in a national newspaper.
Even though O' Keeffe exposed Acorah, the paper also claimed that O' Keeffe had exposed the rest of the Most Haunted team.
O'Keeffe later reported that he had been grossly misquoted and misrepresented in the article, and produced a response outlining his version of the show based on his observations and findings, saying he had exposed Derek Acorah and NOT Most Haunted.
The show's presenter and executive producer, Yvette Fielding said in an interview that she believes it was a fake possession.
Although not mentioned by O'Keeffe, the Mirror article also brought into question unedited footage which appeared to show Fielding and Karl Beattie  faking 'paranormal' occurrences such as ghostly bumps and knocks.
Fielding denied the claims.
Thus far none of this footage has come to light, leading to the belief that the Mirror'''s claims were false.
Videos purporting to show the team faking paranormal activity have often popped up on the web but are conclusively show nothing damning.
Further controversy centred on Derek Acorah again in the West Country, this time in Devon.
On the first night filming "Terror in Torbay", Acorah mentioned a woman incarcerated by her jealous sister in the cellar of Lupton House, even coming up with the names Margaret and Eleanor.
In this case, the facts were right, but the location was wrong.
This is the well-known legend of Berry Pomeroy Castle which was to be the last night's location.
On the final night, at Berry Pomeroy, Fielding reminded Acorah that he had mentioned the incarcerated sister two nights prior.
Acorah glossed over his mistake and changed the subject.
The Official Most Haunted Homepage
Antix Productions  - Production company for Most Haunted''
The Official Site and Forum for Karl Beattie
The Official Fansite and Forum for David Wells
Most Haunted blog Offers an alternative view on Most Haunted
Travel Channel shows
Most Haunted is a British television programme based on a group of paranormal investigators (people who investigate things) going and doing paranormal investigations of places.
The following is a list of episodes and locations for the series since it began in 2002.
Series table
These dates were the dates that complete box sets of DVD's were released on.
Previously, they were only released as single episode DVD's.
Series 1 (2002)
Note:  Most of these episodes were only 30 minutes long, however, some have been made  the full hour and titled 'Most Haunted Unseen'.
Footage added has a note that says that it is not part of the original broadcast.
The first episode to be produced, and the last to appear in the series was Michelham Priory.
In Series 8, the team revisited this location to mark the 100th episode.
Series 2 (2003)
Series 3 (2003)
Series 4 (2004)
Series 5 (2004/2005)
Series 6 (2005)
Note: David Wells became a medium on this show in this series alongside the long-time favorite, Derek Acorah.
This was the last series that Derek Acorah would be the medium in and he did not appear in the final episode at Sinai House.
The original run for Series 6 was only to be 18 episodes, with the last 11 as Series 7, but due to the leaving of Acorah, the series was made longer.
Series 7 (2005)
Series 8 (2006)
Note: The last 3 episodes were meant to be from Series 7, but were made part of the eighth series.
They are known as the "lost episodes" and had more guest showings from Medium Gordon Smith.
Also appearing were Ian Lawman, Ian Shillito and Kevin Wade.
Richard Felix departed the programme after Series 8 because their producers dropped his role from the show.
Series 9 (2007)
Lists of television series episodes
Yvette Fielding (born 23 September 1968) is an English television presenter.
She is the presenter of the shows Most Haunted, Most Haunted Live!
and Ghosthunting with.... She is also the executive producer of the shows.
Yvette was educated at Pownall Green Primary School and Bramhall High School in Bramhall, Stockport, in Greater Manchester and Poynton.
She also attended Hillcrest Grammar School, Davenport.
Fielding presented the children's television show, Blue Peter from 1987 to 1992, and was the youngest ever person to do so; she was only 18 years old when she started.
Previously, she had acted in the children's television comedy series Seaview.
Since leaving Blue Peter, Fielding has worked on television shows such as What's Up Doc?,
Heaven and Earth, The General and City Hospital, and also had acting roles in Last of the Summer Wine (making an appearance in the series while making a Blue Peter report on the show) and Juliet Bravo.
She also appeared as a regular alongside Fred Dineage and Toyah Willcox on a property-pricing based game-show called Under Offer made for Meridian Television.
She appeared in a guest-role in the popular BBC drama Holby City in 2007 and appeared in the ITV2 reality television programme Deadline, finishing second.
Since 2002, Yvette Fielding and her husband Karl Beattie have both made Most Haunted for the British TV channel Living through their production company, "Antix."
Viewers can see Fielding at many possible haunted locations around Britain, in the hopes for paranormal activity that could be caught on film.
Eccentric British pop duo, Astrojade, started their musical career with a song titled "Yvette Fielding" as a homage to her and Most Haunted.
Yvette Fielding Fansite
"Antix" productions website
Most Haunted Fan Site
Most Haunted forum
People from Stockport, Greater Manchester
Eurotrash (term),  a sometimes pejorative term referring to a particular American stereotype of Europeans
Eurotrash (TV series)
A pejorative term for Eurodance or Europop
"Eurotrash Girl", a song by Cracker (band)
"Euro Trash Girl", a song by Chicks on Speed
"Eurotrash", a song and album by Zeromancer
The ASUS Eee PC is a very small laptop made by ASUS and Intel.
It is designed to have a light weight and low price.
It runs Linux as its operating system.
The name Eee (pronounced as the letter e, IPA /iː/) comes from "the three Es," ASUS used in their advertisements for the device: "Easy to learn, Easy to work, Easy to play".
ASUS Eee PC website
Tutsan () is a bushy Eurasian shrub with golden yellow flowers.
Its fruit are red berries, which turn black when they are fully ripe.
The leaves and flowers of the plant grow and blossom in the spring and are shed in the fall.
Its scientific name is Hypericum androsaemum L. The Tutsan has medical properties.
A similar plant to it is the  H. perforatum.
The Telluride Bluegrass Festival is an annual music festival held in Telluride, Colorado.
The festival is put on by Planet Bluegrass.
The festival mainly focuses on bluegrass music.
It has had artists in the past such as Nickel Creek, Bela Fleck, and Chris Thile.
Local newspaper
Telluride Visitor Information
A singer-songwriter is a person who writes and performs their own works.
They often accompany themselves on a musical instrument.
Singer-songwriters write the music, the lyrics, sing, play the musical instruments, and often manage themselves.
The term became popular in the 1960s.
It referred to a specific type of performer who wrote certain kinds of music and lyrics.
Tables with a "Days recognized" column means that WWE officially recognizes a different number of days that a wrestler has held a title due to an event airing on tape delay.
In some cases, particularly recent NXT UK events, the actual date an event took place is unknown.
Shared titles
The NXT Cruiserweight Championship is shared between NXT, NXT UK, and 205 Live.
The 24/7 Championship is shared between all five brands
The WWE Women's Tag Team Championship is shared by Raw and SmackDown.
List of WWE personnel
Lists of professional wrestlers
The Complutense University of Madrid (, UCM) is one of the oldest universities in the world and the top public university in Spain.
It is located on a sprawling campus that occupies the entirety of the Ciudad Universitaria district of Madrid, with annexes in the district of Somosaguas in the neighbouring city of Pozuelo de Alarcón.
According to the annual university rankings conducted by El Mundo, the Complutense University ranks as the top public university in Spain.
Opera is a drama set to music.
An opera is like a play in which everything is sung instead of spoken.
Operas are usually performed in opera houses.
The singers who sing and act out the story are on the stage, and the orchestra is in front of the stage but lower down, in the orchestra pit, so that the audience can see the stage.
Musical numbers of an opera
An opera is normally divided into two, three, four or even five acts.
In older operas the music was mostly recitative and arias.
During the recitative things would happen in the story.
The aria was a song for a solo singer, a setting of a lyric.
As well as recitative and aria there would be choruses.
The chorus were a group of singers who sing in the crowd scenes.
The opera would start with an overture for the orchestra.
The overture would usually include tunes that are going to be heard later in the opera.
In operas from the 19th century onwards there is often little or no difference between recitative and aria.
Composers like Wagner wanted to get away from operas which had lots of separate arias in which the singers showed off, with the audience clapping loudly after each one.
He wanted continuous music so that the mood would not be broken.
Sometimes operas have a lot of dancing in them.
French opera especially would often have one act which was full of dances.
Types of opera
Opéra bouffe (French) or Opera buffa (Italian) is comic opera.
The story is very light-hearted and funny.
Opéra comique is a French term for opera which has some spoken words.
Surprisingly it does not mean a “comic” opera.
An opera like Carmen, which is a tragedy, is still an opéra comique due to the fact that it uses spoken dialogues instead of recitatives.
Singspiel is a German term for a type of opera with lots of magic and fantasy in the story.
There were spoken words between the songs.
Mozart’s Magic Flute is an example.
The singers
Opera singers have to have powerful voices as well as a good technique.
Most opera houses are very big, and the singers need to be heard at the back.
They also need to be good at acting.
They need to be able to learn their music quickly and to sing from memory.
It is a help to be good at languages because operas are often in Italian, German, French, English or Russian etc.
Some opera companies, like the English National Opera, sing their operas in English.
Others, like the Royal Opera House, sing operas in whatever language they were composed in.
Translations are printed on a screen above the front of the stage ("surtitles") so that the audience can understand what is being sung.
Although singers train to get a wide range (good top and bottom notes) they cannot be expected to sing any role in their voice range.
For example: some sopranos may have big, dramatic voices, suitable for parts like Tosca in Puccini’s opera Tosca.
Some may have a very light and high voice, called “coloratura”, suitable for parts like the Queen of the Night in Mozart’s Magic Flute.
Some may have a medium range, called mezzo-soprano, suitable for parts like Carmen in Bizet’s opera Carmen.
Very often in opera the heroine is a soprano and the hero is a tenor.
Basses may often have the part of a powerful king, or he may be the bad guy.
Operatic conventions
The 18th century lexicographer and critic Dr Johnson  described opera as an “exotic and irrational entertainment”.
By “exotic” he meant that it came from a foreign country (which in those days was true: all opera at the time came from Italy).
By “irrational” he meant that the things which happened in the stories were strange and not like real life.
A play can be like real life, but an opera is being sung, so things are not going to happen like they normally do in real life.
A singer might be singing “I must go, I must go!”
and he may stand on the stage and sing this for several minutes before at last he goes!
A singer may be pretending to die, and will sing a beautiful song before he or she finally dies.
These things are “conventions”, which means that they are a kind of habit we have to accept when watching and listening to opera.
Another convention of earlier operas was to have the part of young men sung by women.
This is sometimes called a breeches role or trouser role.
They are often small parts such as page boys, or teenagers who flirt with older women, such as the part of Cherubino in Mozart’s  The Marriage of Figaro or Oktavian in Richard Strauss’s Der Rosenkavalier.
It should be remembered that in the 18th century it was usual for the main female part to be sung by a man who was a castrato.
There are lots of famous operas, and the best ones have some of the greatest music ever written.
The music could not have been written like that if it had not been written for opera.
For example: Mozart is very clever at writing music where maybe six people are all singing different things at once because they all have different ideas about the situation in the story.
The history of opera
One of the first operas ever written was Ordo Virtutum by  Hildegard of Bingen.
Ordo Virtutum (Latin for Order of the Virtues) is an allegorical morality play, or liturgical drama,  composed c. 1151, during the construction and relocation of Bingen's Abbey at Rupertsberg.
It is the earliest morality play by more than a century, and the only Medieval musical drama to survive with an attribution for both the text and the music.
A short version of Ordo Virtutum without music appears at the end of Scivias, Hildegard's most famous account of her visions.
It is also included in some manuscripts of the Symphonia armoniae celestium revelationum ("Symphony of the Harmony of Celestial Revelations"), a cycle of more than 70 liturgical songs.
It may have been performed by the convent nuns at the dedication of the St. Rupertsberg church in 1152 or possibly before the Mass for the Consecration of Virgins at the convent .
Baroque opera (1600-1750)
The first Baroque opera ever written was performed in 1597 in Florence in Italy.
It was called Dafne and the composer was Jacopo Peri.
This opera is now lost, but three years later, in 1600, he worked together with another composer called Giulio Caccini to write an opera called Euridice.
The music for this still exists.
It was nearly all recitative.
This kind of writing was new, but if opera was to tell a story it was important to have a solo voice singing words that could be heard.
They were trying to produce something like an ancient Greek tragedy.
It was performed at a kind of club, called “camerata”, for intellectual (clever) people to a small audience.
It was not great music, but the amazing thing was that there was a composer of genius around.
His name was Claudio Monteverdi, and only seven years later, in 1607, he wrote the first really good opera: Orfeo, which was produced in Mantua.
Monteverdi must have realized that opera had the possibilities of putting poetry, music, scenery and acting all together.
He took the kind of songs that were popular at the time and joined them with speaking or recitative.
Later in life he joined these so that the music flowed more dramatically.
In 1637 the first public opera house was opened in Venice.
Soon lots of theatres in Italy started to produce operas.
The stories were usually about ancient times, like the Roman Empire or Greek myths.
They started to put in comic (funny) bits to make people laugh.
Soon there was opera in Paris, Vienna, Hamburg and in the small courts of Germany which in those days was lots of little countries, each with their own prince who ruled and who kept musicians at court.
The composers who are best remembered today include Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687) who was an Italian who moved to France and wrote operas for the French king, and George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) who was a German who moved to England and wrote operas for the opera houses in London.
In Italy there were composers like Francesco Cavalli (1602-1676) who had been a choirboy in Monteverdi’s church choir in Venice, and Alessandro Scarlatti 1660-1725 who lived in Naples.
During this period, known as the Baroque period, the opera was an entertainment for the upper classes who went to the opera to be seen in public.
Opera was a social occasion where you could meet people and talk, even during the music.
Both the singers and the audience behaved in ways that we would think were bad manners.
Classical opera (late 18th century)
Christoph Willibald Gluck was a composer who tried to make people take opera more seriously.
In 1762 he wrote an opera called Orfeo ed Euridice which was performed in Vienna.
It had lots of choruses and ballet numbers, like French opera, but the words were in Italian and the music really concentrated on the story rather than being just a display for clever singers to show off.
Some of its music is very famous today, e.g. the Dance of the Blessed Spirits which is played on a flute, and Orfeo’s aria "Che faró senza Euridice?" ("
What shall I do without Euridice?").
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart learned from Gluck’s ideas about opera.
This can be seen in his opera Idomeneo which is about a Greek story.
Other Italian operas by Mozart include: Don Giovanni, Le Nozze di Figaro and Cosi fan tutte.
He also wrote operas in German: The Abduction from the Serail and The Magic Flute.
These are Singspiel: operas which tell magic and fantasy stories.
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) only wrote one opera: Fidelio.
It is a story of a woman who rescues her lover from prison.
Rescue operas were popular in France, but this one is in German.
It is a serious opera about how a woman can save a man by being true and faithful.
Romantic opera (19th century)
In the 19th century Richard Wagner (1813-1883) continued Gluck’s ideas.
Wagner had very personal ideas about how his operas should be performed, and he liked to train the singers himself.
He wanted them to take the drama of his operas seriously instead of treating the music as a way of showing off their voices.
He always wrote the libretti (words for the opera) himself, and they were always in German.
They are mostly about serious subjects from German folklore and myths, although he did write one comic opera: The Mastersingers of Nürnberg.
Wagner used “leitmotifs” which means that there are tunes which are used for particular characters or ideas in the opera.
This allows the music to develop with the story, and can be used in interesting ways.
For example: when Sigmund (in the opera Die Walküre) says that he does not know who his father is, we hear his father’s tune in the orchestra!
The audience, of course, know (this is called: dramatic irony).
In Italy Gioachino Rossini (1792-1868) wrote lots of operas.
There was no difference in style between his comic and his serious operas.
Often the same overture was used for both.
He wrote exactly all the notes that the singers were to sing, he did not want to leave it to them to improvise their own ornamental notes.
Everything was carefully thought out.
Musicians are not sure whether to call him a Classical or Romantic composer.
Composers like Vincenzo Bellini (1801-1835) and Gaetano Donizetti (1797-1848) are definitely Romantic.
They had the ability to write lovely lyrical tunes.
The most famous Italian opera composer of the 19th century was Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901).
His music is not always continuous like Wagner’s.
Sometimes it stopped for the audience to applaud.
Verdi had a wonderful sense of drama, and could write beautiful melodies which captured people’s hearts.
He loved Shakespeare, and based several of his operas on Shakespeare plays: Othello, Macbeth and Falstaff.
The 19th century was the time when Nationalism was important.
Composers were writing music typical of their own countries.
Wagner, as we have seen, took German myths for his opera stories.
In Spain they had their own kind of opera called “zarzuela”.
In Russia Mikhail Glinka (1804-1857) wrote Ruslan and Lyudmila which was based on a Russian fairy tale.
Other Russian composers include Alexander Borodin who wrote Prince Igor, and Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881) who wrote Boris Godunov.
Both these operas are about stories from Russian history.
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) wrote a fairy tale opera Sadko, and Pyotr Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) used some very Russian tunes in Eugene Onegin and The Queen of Spades.
Czech composers wrote national operas.
The most famous Czech opera composers were Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904), Bedřich Smetana (1824-1884) and Leoš Janáček (1854-1928).
In France the most famous composer was Charles Gounod (1818-1893) who wrote an opera called Faust.
Opera in the 20th century
In the 20th century composers had many different styles of composing.
This was true of all kinds of music, including opera.
Richard Strauss (1864-1949) was really a Romantic, although almost all his operas were written in the 20th century.
His harmonies show that he had studied Wagner’s operas.
Der Rosenkavalier (1909) has lots of romantic tunes, although it is a story about Vienna in the Classical period.
In Italy composers like Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) wrote operas in the verismo style.
This meant operas with stories that felt like real life.
The characters in the stories were usually from the lower classes.
Alban Berg (1885-1935) also wrote operas about poor or simple people.
He wrote an opera called Wozzeck which is the tragedy of a man who is too simple to understand that people are being unkind to him and using him.
Berg’s music is often built on the twelve tone series which he had learned from Schoenberg.
Stravinsky’s (1882-1971) The Rake's Progress is in yet another style called Neo-classical because the music is made to sound a bit like music of the Classical Period.
In England Britten wrote many great operas like Peter Grimes and Billy Budd.
In Russia Dmitri Shostakovich wrote Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District.
Most of them are about unfortunate people who want to be part of society but are not accepted.
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It existed from 1 April 1974 until 31 March 1996.
It was not popular, because the north and south banks of the River Humber used to be in different counties, and there were no links between the two.
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Farrell was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, but when he was five he moved to Mission Viejo, California where he attended Mission Viejo High School.
He graduated in 1999 at the University of California, Los Angeles.
He can play bass guitar, electric guitar, cello and violin.
Farrell was a member of a Christian punk/ska band called Tasty Snax.
While he was at the college, he shared the room with his friend Brad Delson, and they practiced together.
He had to go on tour with the Tasty Snax so he could not play with Delson and his band.
Then, Farrell left his band to play bass with Brad Delson in the band Xero in 1996 but then left in 1998.
He then rejoined Xero now called Linkin Park in November 2000 and has been playing with them ever since.
Linkin park official website
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