the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
These vaults hold water supplies for a nearby settlement, which houses a small museum.
de:Ubar
Wavves (pronounced "waves") is an American noise pop band based out of San Diego, California.
They formed in 2008, and are currently signed to Fat Possum Records.
Wavves (Woodsist, 2008)
Wavvves (Fat Possum, Bella Union, 2009)
King of the Beach (Fat Possum, August 2010)  US #168
Daniel Catán Porteny (3 April 1949 in Mexico City - 9 April 2011 in Austin, Texas) was a Mexican opera composer of Jewish descent.
He is best known for turning the Italian movie, Il Postino, into an opera.
He was working at the University of Texas at Austin on a new opera based on the Frank Capra movie, Meet John Doe.
Official Website of Daniel Catán
Official Facebook Page of Daniel Catán
G. Schirmer Inc. Daniel Catán's Music Publisher
Mexican entertainers
Mexican Jews
Musicians from Mexico City
James Richard "Rick" Perry (born March 4, 1950) is an American former politician.
He was the 14th United States Secretary of Energy from March 2, 2017 through December 1, 2019.
He was the Governor of Texas from 2000 to 2015.
He became governor when George W. Bush became President, and has been elected three more times.
Perry was the longest governor in the United States for 14 years.
On December 13, 2016, then-President-elect Donald Trump nominated Perry to serve as United States Secretary of Energy during his administration.
He was confirmed by the United States senate on March 2, 2017.
His parents were Joseph Perry and Amelia Holt.
He grew up in West Texas and studied at Texas A&M University.
During his early years, he was a farmer and a pilot.
In 1984, Perry was elected to the Texas House of Representatives as a Democrat from district 64, which included his home county of Haskell.
He served on the House Appropriations and Calendars committees during his three two-year terms in office.
In 1990, as a newly Republican, Perry challenged Jim Hightower, the incumbent Democratic Agriculture Commissioner.
Karl Rove was Perry’s campaign manager.
Perry won the election.
In 1998, Perry chose not to seek a third term as Agriculture Commissioner, running instead for Lieutenant Governor to succeed the retiring Democrat Bob Bullock.
Governor of Texas (2000-2015)
Perry assumed the office of governor on December 21, 2000, following the resignation of George W. Bush – who was preparing to become President of the United States.
In the 2001 legislative session, Perry set a record for his use of the veto, rejecting 82 acts, more than
He was elected again in 2002.
In 2002, Perry described the Texas same-sex anti-sodomy law as "appropriate".
Perry's campaigns for lieutenant governor and governor focused on a tough stance on crime.
In 2007, Perry signed a law ending automatic arrest for cannabis possession.
Perry supports the death penalty.
In June 2002, he vetoed a ban on the execution of mentally retarded inmates.
As of September 18, 2014, there have been 278 executions since Perry first took office in December 2000.
Perry was re-elected in 2006 and in 2010.
In 2014, Perry announced that he would not run for a fourth term.
On August 15, 2014, Perry was indicted by a grand jury on felony charges for abuse of power.
He was accused of threatening a Democratic District Attorney who had been convicted of drunk driving to resign by threatening to veto funding for state public corruption prosecutors.
The indictment received some support and also wide criticism from all sides of the political parties, and editorial criticism from major US newspapers.
Presidential runs
Perry also ran for President of the United States in the 2012 Republican primaries.
He was one of the last candidates to enter the race.
He was a frontrunner for the nomination during the first month of his campaign, but he did not do well in many of the debates.
On January 19, 2012, Perry withdrew his campaign and endorsed Newt Gingrich.
On June 4, 2015, Perry officially announced his bid with a new web site and a press conference at Addison Airport outside Dallas, Texas.
Perry then announced his candidacy at the scheduled press conference.
On September 11, 2015, Perry dropped out of the race after poor polling after the first debate.
He later announced his support for Ted Cruz and later Donald Trump for president.
2018 Texas United States senate race
Perry has been mentioned as a possible challenger to U.S. Senator and fellow 2016 Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz in 2018.
Speculation about Cruz being challenged in the Republican primary arose during the 2016 Republican National Convention, when Cruz refused to endorse Donald Trump, the eventual Republican presidential nominee, whom Perry had endorsed after Cruz suspended his campaign.
In a poll conducted from August 12 to 14 of that year by Public Policy Polling, Perry had a 46%-37% lead over Cruz.
In November 2016, Perry declined to enter the senate race and endorsed Cruz in the elections.
United States Secretary of Energy (2017–2019)
On December 12, 2016, multiple sources reported that Perry is to be nominated by President-elect of the United States Trump to serve as Secretary of the United States Department of Energy.
His nomination was approved by a 16-7 vote from the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on January 31, 2017.
On October 17, 2019, Perry told Trump he would resign by the end of the year.
He officially stepped down on December 1, 2019.
Trump–Ukraine controversy
A July 25, 2019 telephone call between Trump and Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelensky led in September to a whistleblower complaint and an impeachment inquiry against Trump.
Two weeks after the inquiry was launched, Trump claimed in a conference call with Congressional Republican leaders that he had only made the telephone call at Perry's urging.
Perry denied ever mentioning Joe Biden in his discussions with Trump or Ukrainian officials.
Although Perry is a Methodist, he now attends an Evangelical "megachurch".
He is also an Eagle Scout.
Perry married Anita Thigpen in 1982.
Together, they have two children.
On August 30, 2016, Perry was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 23 of Dancing with the Stars.
He was partnered with professional dancer Emma Slater.
Perry and Slater were eliminated on the third week of competition and finished in 12th place.
2014 felony grand jury indictment
The Perry Trap at The Austin Chronicle
Collected news and commentary at The Economist
Collected news and commentary at Fox News
Collected news and commentary  at the Houston Chronicle
Collected news and commentary  at the Texas Monthly
Collected news and commentary at The Texas Observer
Collected news and commentary at The Texas Tribune
The Perry Watch at The Dallas Morning News
Rick Perry 2012  at the Fort Worth Star-Telegram
Lieutenant Governors of Texas
Jerral "Jerry" Wayne Jones (born October 13, 1942 in Los Angeles, California) is the owner and general manager of the Dallas Cowboys in the NFL.
He has owned the team since 1989.
Texas Motor Speedway is a racetrack in Fort Worth, Texas.
It hosts two races a year in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series.
It first opened in 1996.
Its layout is similar to the track layout of Atlanta Motor Speedway and Charlotte Motor Speedway (which used to be known as Lowe's Motor Speedway).
NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Statistics
NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Records
(As of 11/7/10)
* from minimum 10 starts.
NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Race Winners
An asterisk (*) indicates that the race was extended beyond the scheduled distance due to the green-white-checker finish rule
Texas Motor Speedway Official Site
Texas Motor Speedway Page  on NASCAR.com
Little Caesars is a pizza company in the United States.
It is the 4th biggest pizza company in the United States.
It was founded on May 8, 1959 in Garden City, Michigan by Mike Ilitch.
It is a subsidiary of Ilitch Holdings, Inc.
Whataburger is a fast food restaurant that specifically makes hamburgers.
It was founded in 1950 in the city of Corpus Christi, Texas.
The restaurant chain was completely on portable stands until the first permanent store was built in 1961.
Most Whataburger locations are open for all 24 hours in the day.
1950s establishments in Texas
ESPN Monday Night Football is a television show about the NFL which is broadcast on the channel ESPN and is on every Monday during the NFL season.
Monday Night Football's first run was on September 21, 1970.
It is currently airing.
The Human League is a British pop music band from Sheffield.
The Human League has 3 members: Philip Oakey, Joanne Catherall, and Susan Ann Sulley.
The band originally had 6 members.
The other 3 members were Ian Burden, Jo Callis, and Philip Adrian Wright.
They all left The Human League in the late 1980s.
The Human League started in 1977 and they had their greatest success during the 1980s.
They continue to make new music today.
Philip Oakey, the band's singer, is the only Human League member that has been with the band since it started.
The other 2 members, Joanne Catherall and Susan Ann Sulley, joined The Human League in 1980.
The Human League has made 10 albums.
Their newest album is called "Credo" and it was released in March 2011.
Some of The Human League's hit songs are "Don't You Want Me", "Keep Feeling Fascination", "The Lebanon" and "Human".
Reproduction (1979)
Travelogue (1980)
Dare (1981)
Fascination (1983)
Hysteria (1984)
Crash (1986)
Romantic (1990)
Octopus (1995)
Secrets (2001)
Credo (2011)
20/20 is a television newsmagazine on ABC.
It has been on ABC since June 6, 1978 and is currently airing.
20/20 is recently hosted by Chris Cuomo and Elizabeth Vargas, currently hosted by David Muir and Amy Robach.
Harold Hayes (1978)
Robert Hughes (1978)
Hugh Downs (1978–1999)
Barbara Walters (1979–2004)
Diane Sawyer (1998–2000)
Charles Gibson (1998–2000)
Sam Donaldson (1998–2000)
Connie Chung (1998–2002)
Jack Ford (2000–2001)
John Miller (2002–2003)
John Stossel (2003–2009)
Elizabeth Vargas (2004–2018)
Chris Cuomo (2009–2013)
David Muir (since 2013)
Amy Robach (since 2018)
Official ABC News website
The Mesoamerican ball game is a sport that people in Mesoamerica have played since about 1,400 B.C.E.  It was the first team sport in history, as far as historians know.
The Olmecs, who lived from 1,200 B.C.E. to 400 B.C.E., played the Mesoamerican ballgame.
They may have created the game.
The ancient Mayans played the game; they called it pitz in Classical Maya.
Later, the Aztecs played it; in their language, Nahuatl, they called the game ōllamaliztli.
In some parts of Mexico, indigenous people still play a more modern version of the game, called ulama.
This means that people have played the Mesoamerican ballgame for over 3,400 years  longer than any other sport in history.
The Mesoamerican ballgame was also the first sport in history ever to use a rubber ball.
The game's goal was to shoot a ball through a stone hoop about  wide.
The ball, called an ulli, was made out of rubber.
It weighed about , about as much as a brick.
The court, called a tlachtili, was around  long.
It had a wall on each side.
The stone hoops hung on these walls.
The court was usually in the shape of an “I,” although the shape was sometimes different.
A line ran down the center of the court.
From that line, the floor sloped to meet the walls.
The players were only allowed to use their heads, elbows, legs, and hips to hit the ball.
The ball was not allowed to touch the ground, so the players often dove to avoid losing points.
If one of the teams got the ball through the stone hoop, the game was over and that team won.
However, this was very hard to do, since the stone hoops could be as high as  off the ground.
Since getting the ball through the hoop was uncommon, a team could also score points by hitting one of six markers alongside the edges of the court.
Gambling played a large part in the culture surrounding the ballgame.
People could bet nearly anything on which team would win the game.
Some ancient people bet things like beautiful feathers.
Others bet children or even their own lives.
The losers sometimes sold themselves into slavery just so they could pay off their debt.
Sometimes, city-states would play the game instead of going to war with each other.
The city-state whose team won the game would rule over the losing city-state.
Winning or losing a game could turn into an excuse to start an attack or try an assassination.p.
Religious importance
The Mesoamerican ballgame also held a very important religious meaning.
In Aztec culture, for example, the game was meant to represent the combat that happened every day on the "ball court" in the underworld, where the sun fought with the night to get across.p.
The game's religious meaning was linked to the Mayan and Aztec practices of human sacrifice.
Sometimes, the Mayans would make prisoners of war play the game, and would sacrifice them if they lost.
However, Mayan art suggests that Mayan ballplayers, maybe team captains, were sacrificed too.
The Aztecs also sacrificed losing teams (or, according to some historians, winning teams) after some games.
The ancient Aztecs believed that without human sacrifice, the sun would stop and the earth would be plunged into darkness.
Sometimes, ancient Aztecs would decorate the ball court with the skulls of people who had been sacrificed.
The ball itself was a symbol of a sacrificed person's head.
Sometimes, the actual head or skull of a sacrificed person was used as a ball in the game.
In modern times, the Aztec ballgame changed into ulama.
People still play this game in a few communities in the Mexican state of Sinaloa.
Ulama uses temporary courts, made by drawing thick lines in the dirt.
There are three different ways to play ulama.
In the different versions of the game, players may use their hips, forearms, or paddles to hit the ball.
Sport in Mexico
Ray Charles made the song famous.
Ray Charles's song was number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in fall of 1961.
The song is ranked #377 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
Hit the road, Jack, and don't you come back no more, no more, no more, no more.
Hit the road, Jack, and don't you come back no more.
The words of this song are not standard English.
In standard English, the words could be "Hit the road, Jack, and don't come back again" or "Hit the road, Jack, and don't come back anymore"
Recording Details
Title: "Hit the Road Jack"
Artist: Single by Ray Charles
B-side: "The Danger Zone"
Released: September 1961
Format: 7", 45rpm
Genre: R&B
Length: 2:00
Label: ABC
Writer(s): Percy Mayfield
Olaf Scholz (; born ) is a German politician, and has been Chancellor of Germany since 8 December 2021.
He was First Mayor of Hamburg from 7 March 2011 to 13 March 2018.
From 2018 until 2021, Scholz was the Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Finance during the Angela Merkel cabinet.
Scholz was born on June 14, 1958, in Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, but grew up Hamburg's Rahlstedt district.
He began studying law at the University of Hamburg in 1978 as part of a one-stage legal training course.
Hamburg and national politics
From May to October 2001, he was Minister of the Interior (Innensenator) of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg and from 2002 to 2004 he was general secretary of the SPD.
In 2010, Scholz took part in the annual Bilderberg Meeting in Sitges, Catalonia, Spain.
On 20 February 2011, the Social Democrats led by Scholz won the Hamburg state election, 2011 with 48.3% of the votes, resulting in 62 out of 121 seats in the Hamburg Parliament.
Scholz resigned as a member of the seventeenth Bundestag on 11 March 2011 shortly after his election as First Mayor.
Merkel cabinet
After the 2017 federal election, the CDU, CSU and SPD agreed to continue a coalition, Scholz was accepted by all parties as Federal Minister of Finance.
Scholz was sworn in alongside the rest of the Government on 14 March 2018.
He also took the role of Vice-Chancellor of Germany under Angela Merkel.
Within his first months in office, Scholz became one of Germany's most popular politicians, reaching an approval rating of 50 percent.
2021 federal election
Scholz led the SPD to a narrow victory in the election, winning 25.8% of the vote and 206 seats in the Bundestag.
On 8 December 2021, Scholz was elected and sworn-in as Chancellor by the Bundestag with 395 votes in favour and 303 against.
At  of age, Scholz is the oldest person to become Chancellor of Germany since Ludwig Erhard who was  old when he assumed office on 17 October 1963.
During his campaign in the 2021 election, Scholz was against forcing a COVID-19 vaccine mandate.
However, since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant began to rise in late November 2021, he supported a vaccine mandate, including closure of non-essential retail stores to unvaccinated adults and a vaccine mandate for adults.
Scholz is married to SPD politician Britta Ernst since 1998.
The couple live in Potsdam since 2018.
members of the German Bundestag
Ian Fraser "Lemmy" Kilmister (24 December 1945 – 28 December 2015), commonly known by Lemmy, was a British musician, singer-songwriter and actor.
He was best known as the bassist of the heavy metal band Motörhead.
Lemmy was born in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England.
He went to school at Ysgol Syr Thomas Jones in Amlwch, Wales.
At age 16 he attended a concert by The Beatles in the Cavern Club.
Lemmy liked the sarcastic attitude of the Beatles, especially John Lennon.
Around that time he began playing guitar in small local bands like The Sundowners.
In mid-1960, he played guitar in bands like The Rainmakers, then The Motown Sect, playing clubs in the north.
In 1965, he joined the band The Rockin 'Vickers, and signed a contract with CBS.
The band released three single albums and toured Europe.
In 1967, he moved to London and got a job as a roadie on The Jimi Hendrix Experience.
In 1968, he recorded an album titled Escalator with the band Sam Gopal.
After that, Lemmy met Simon King in a shopping center in Chelsea and then joined the band Opal Butterfly for a short period.
Lemmy joined the Ladbroke Grove rock band Hawkwind as a bassist and vocalist.
He gained experience as a bassist, because until then he had only worked as a guitarist.
Lemmy was also lead vocals on several songs for the band.
In 1975, Lemmy founded a new band called Bastard with guitarist Larry Wallis and Lucas Fox on drums.
Later, Lemmy changed the name of the band to Motörhead.
Wallis and Fox left the band and were replaced by the guitarist Eddie Clarke and drummer Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor.
This new formation would begin Motörhead's success in live performances.
In 1977, the band recorded their first album, Motörhead, released 24 September 1977.
The second album, titled Overkill, contained two songs that would become Motörhead classics: "Louie Louie" and "Overkill".
The peak of the band was 1980 and 1981 with a series of chart hits in the UK, including the classic single "Ace of Spades", one of the biggest hits of the band.
Lemmy's career as an actor began by playing small roles in low-budget UK films Eat the Rich (1988) and Hardware (1990).
His credits include Terror Firmer (1998), Frezno Smooth (1999), and Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV (2000).
Motörhead official website
Lemmy: The Movie Official website
Interview with Lemmy Kilmister in REVOLUTIONART Magazine 22
The Rockin' Vickers
Myspace profile for Lemmy's new band The Head Cat
Lemmy interview with BIZARRE magazine
Gallery of Lemmy with Motorhead
Lemmy Interview in SPIN
Lemmy Interview  on the Jekyll and Hyde Show, 106FM Jerusalem
Carl-Friedrich Arp Ole Freiherr von Beust, generally called Ole von Beust, born 13 April 1955, in Hamburg, Germany, was Ole von Beust First Mayor of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg () from 31 October 2001 to 25 August 2010, serving as President of the Bundesrat from 1 November 2007 on for one year.
He was followed as mayor by Christoph Ahlhaus.
He is the son of Achim Helge Freiherr von Beust and Hanna, née Wolff, who was considered half Jewish in Nazi Germany.
Through his father he is a descendant of Saxon and Austrian statesman Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust.
In 1971 von Beust became member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
In 1973, after finishing high school, he worked for the CDU group in Hamburg's city-state parliament ("Bürgerschaft"), a position he held until he started to study law in 1975 at the University of Hamburg.
From 1977 until 1983 he was Hamburg president of the youth organisation of his party.
Since 1978 Beust has been a member of the Hamburg city-state's parliament.
In 1983 he successfully completed his studies and became an independent lawyer.
First Mayor of Hamburg
On 19 August 2003, Beust dismissed his vice-mayor Ronald Schill, causing a scandal.
Beust had earlier dismissed  Walter Wellinghausen, senator of the interior and Schill's most important official, without consulting Schill beforehand.
This was due to public allegations of misconduct on Wellinghausen's part.
In a private conversation, Schill then demanded that Beust take back the dismissal, allegedly using personal threats.
Beust then decided to dismiss Schill as well.
In the press conference Schill held minutes after he had heard of his own dismissal, he spoke vaguely of "homosexual relationships", a "flat in an infamous hustler district" and "certain things happened that let one infer the occurrence of love acts" between Beust and Roger Kusch, who Beust had appointed minister (in German city-states "senator") of justice.
Beust in turn stated that Schill threatened to make his alleged liaison with Kusch public under the premise that Beust intermingled public and private affairs.
He said he had no sexual relationship with Kusch, that they merely knew each other for 25 years and were good friends, and that Beust was Kusch's landlord. "
This is all – absolutely all", according to Beust.
A popular radio-station broadcast a song calling him "Mega-Proll" (mega redneck) and gay and lesbian associations protested vocally.
Schill however later affirmed Beust's version of the story, except for the accusations of blackmail, saying that he warned Beust to stay clear of nepotism, and that this had nothing to do with Beust's sexual orientation.
He stated "I have nothing against homosexuals".
Beust himself considers his sexual orientation a private matter; when asked directly he usually ironically refers the interviewer to his father.
The Hamburg elections of 29 February 2004, ended with an unprecedented landslide victory for Ole von Beust and the CDU, with the party achieving absolute majority in the city-state's parliament.
The CDU gained 47.2 percent of the vote, a full 21-point increase from the previous election in September 2001.
This was the first time since 1993 the city-state has had only a single ruling party.
In the Hamburg elections of 24 February 2008, the CDU gained 42.6 percent of the vote.
Thus, the CDU continued to be the strongest party in Hamburg.
However, since the CDU lost its absolute majority, it formed a coalition government with the Greens.
On 18 July 2010 Ole von Beust declared his resignation effective 25 August.
He was a finalist for the 2010 World Mayor prize.
However, the title provides no legal privileges of any sort in Germany.
Ole von Beust - CDU-Hamburg site
City Mayors profile
Sunny Day Real Estate is an American rock band from Seattle, Washington.
Sunny Day Real Estate formed in 1992 when they were originally called Empty Set.
The started in 1992 and broke up in 1995 because Goldsmith and Mendel were leaving to join Dave Grohl's band The Foo Fighters.
They reunited in 1997 and disbanded again in 2001.
They reunited once again in 2009.
Diary (1994)
Sunny Day Real Estate (1995)
How It Feels to Be Something On (1998)
The Rising Tide (2000)
Sunny Day Real Estate's Official website
Volbeat is an Danish heavy metal band from Copenhagen.
Volbeat formed in 2001 when singer Michael Poulsen formed a death metal band called Dominus.
He became tired of the death metal genre and left the band.
He then formed a new band called Volbeat with other members of Dominus.
The Strength / The Sound / The Songs (2005)
Rock the Rebel / Metal the Devil (2007)
Guitar Gangsters & Cadillac Blood (2008)
Beyond Hell/Above Heaven (2010)
Outlaw Gentlemen & Shady Ladies (2013)
Seal the Deal & Let's Boogie (2016)
Rewind, Replay, Rebound (2019)
Volbeat's Official website
He began doing experiments with bacteriophages with Italian-American Salvador Luria and German Max Delbrück in 1940.
He found that when two different strains of bacteriophage have infected the same bacteria, the two viruses may exchange genetic information.
He moved with his wife Harriet to Cold Spring Harbor, New York, in 1950 to join the Carnegie Institution for Science's Department of Genetics.
There he performed the famous Hershey-Chase blender experiment with Martha Chase in 1952.
This experiment provided additional evidence that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material.
Biographical Memoir: Alfred Day Hershey by Franklin W. Stahl for the National Academy of Sciences
Key Participants: Alfred D. Hershey - Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA: A Documentary History
Scientists from Michigan
The Blues Hall of Fame is a list of people who are important in the development of blues music.
The Hall is part of the Blues Foundation, and honors people who have performed, recorded, or documented blues.
B. B. King
Sonny Boy Williamson I (John Lee Williamson)
Sonny Boy Williamson II (Aleck "Rice" Miller)
Bobby "Blue" Bland
J. B. Hutto
Eddie Taylor
Clifton Chenier
Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup
Bill "Hoss" Allen
John Lomax
Alan Lomax
John Richbourg
Gene Nobles
Phil Chess
David "Honeyboy" Edwards
Bob Koester
Pete Welding
Bruce Iglauer
Lillian Shedd McMurry
Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown
Lester Melrose
Chris Strachwitz
Johnny Otis
Dick Waterman
Little Junior Parker
Rufus Thomas
Theresa Needham
Jim O'Neal
Ralph Bass
J. Mayo Williams
H. C. Speir
Roy Milton
Bihari Brothers
Bobby Robinson
Eddie “Guitar Slim” Jones
Art Rupe
Mississippi Sheiks
Paul Oliver
Son Seals
Irma Thomas
Clifford Antone
Mike Leadbitter
Bob Porter
Gus Cannon and Cannon's Jug Stompers
Charlie Musselwhite
Peter Guralnick
"Sunshine" Sonny Payne
J. B. Lenoir
Bruce Bromberg
Vivian Carter & Jimmy Bracken
Samuel Charters
John W. Work III
Blues Foundation's Blues Hall of Fame
A night terror, also known as a sleep terror, is a sleep disorder that causes extreme terror and a temporary inability to regain full consciousness.
The person having the night terror wakes up suddenly, usually gasping, moaning, or screaming while waking.
It is often impossible to wake up the person fully because they are so concentrated on waking, and after the terror the subject normally settles back to sleep without waking.
A night terror can rarely be recalled by the subject.
They typically occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep.
Night Terror Resource Center
eMedicine Health: Night Terrors
National Institutes of Health, Medline Plus: Night Terrors
National Library of Medicine - Medical Subject Headings: Night Terrors
David Hunter Hubel  (February 27, 1926 – September 22, 2013) was a Canadian neurophysiologist noted for his studies of the structure and function of the visual cortex.
He was co-recipient with Torsten Wiesel of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared with Roger W. Sperry), for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system.
For much of his career, Hubel was the John Franklin Enders University Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School.
In 1978, Hubel and Wiesel were awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University.
David Hunter Hubel (February 27, 1926  September 22, 2013) was a Professor of Neurobiology Emeritus at Harvard Medical School.
Hubel was co-recipient with Torsten Wiesel of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries about information processing in the visual system.
The prize was shared with Roger Sperry for his independent research on the cerebral hemispheres.
Nobel award
Their work in the 1960s and 1970s on how the visual system developed.
Cells detect features
In one experiment, done in 1959, they inserted a microelectrode into the primary visual cortex of an anesthetized cat.
They then projected patterns of light and dark on a screen in front of the cat.
They found that some neurons fired rapidly when presented with lines at one angle, while others responded best to another angle.
Some of these neurons responded differently to light patterns than to dark patterns.
Hubel and Wiesel called these neurons 'simple cells'.
Still other neurons, which they called 'complex cells', detected edges regardless of how they were placed in the visual field, and could detect motion in certain directions.
These studies showed how the visual system constructs complex pictures of visual information from simple stimulus features.
Flexibility of visual cortex
These kittens did not develop areas receiving input from both eyes, a feature needed for binocular vision.
Hubel and Wiesel's experiments showed that ocular dominance (dominance of one eye is normal) develops early in childhood development, and cannot be reversed.
Several childhood vision problems were understood better after this work.
The Red Bull Arena is a soccer stadium in Harrison, New Jersey in the United States.
It is home to two teams that each play in the top level of American soccer—the New York Red Bulls, a men's team playing in Major League Soccer, and NJ/NY Gotham FC, which plays in the National Women's Soccer League.
The construction started in 2006, but through differences of the clubowner and the state of New Jersey there was a delay.
After the buying of the former Metro Stars by the Red Bull Company the stadium was opened on March 20th, 2010 with a friendly match of the NY Red Bulls versus FC Santos from Brazil.
One week later the first leaguematch was held in the new stadium versus Chicago Fire.
The stadium has 30 luxury suites and 1,000 premium seats.
The design is customized to the design of the owner company, Red Bull.
Red Bull Arena Homepage
See also:Red Bull Arena (Salzburg)
Soccer stadiums in the United States
2010 establishments in New Jersey
He shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel.
In 1989, Sperry also received the National Medal of Science.
Before Sperry's experiments, some research evidence seemed to indicate that areas of the cerebral cortex were largely interchangeable.
In his early experiments, Sperry showed that the opposite was true: after early development, circuits of the brain are largely hardwired.
That is, they are set with a particular function.
Sperry's work was on 'split-brain' research.
In his Nobel-winning work, Sperry tested ten patients who had undergone an operation developed in 1940 by William Van Wagenen, a neurosurgeon in Rochester, NY.
The surgery, designed to treat epileptics with grand mal seizures, severed (cut) the corpus callosum, the area of the brain used to transfer signals between the right and left hemispheres.
Sperry and his colleagues tested these patients with tasks that were known to be dependent on specific hemispheres of the brain and demonstrated that the two halves of the brain may each contain consciousness.
In his words, each hemisphere is
Some activities, such as naming objects or putting blocks together in a particular way, can only be done when using one side of the brain or the other.
It seems the left hemisphere usually specializes in language processes and the right is dominant in visual-construction tasks.
Scientists from Hartford, Connecticut
Machair was a Scottish Gaelic television soap opera produced by Scottish Television Enterprises between January 1993 and April 1999.
Machair was written in English and translated into Gaelic, then given English subtitles and broadcast during primetime.
At first, critics thought this process would not work, but when the show aired it got lots of praise from reviewers.
Kenneth Roy, television critic of Scotland on Sunday, described it as "A credit to the company (Scottish Television) and a smack in the face to those of us who were doubtful" and after a few episodes said "It is even better than it looked at first glance quite simply the best thing to have happened to television in Scotland for a long time."
Audiences liked the show too.
Machair got 30% audience share and made it into the Top Ten of programmes viewed in Scotland, even though fewer than 2% of the Scottish population can speak Gaelic.
It was nominated for awards for production and writing from The Celtic Film Festival and Writers Guild of Great Britain.
1999 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial plant where crude oil is made into useful petroleum products by fractional distillation and other processes.
Products include gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas.
Searchable United States Refinery Map
Interactive map of UK refineries
Complete, detailed refinery description
Petroleum Refinery Planning and Optimization Using Linear Programming
Student's Guide to Refining
Global refinery shortage shifts power balance
Ecomuseum Bergslagen  - history of Oljeön, Sweden
Detailed refinery description
Fueling Profits: Report on Industry Consolidation (publication of the Consumer Federation of America)
Price Spikes, Excess Profits and Excuses (publication of the Consumer Federation of America)
Refinery study
2011 NACS Annual Fuels Report
Basics of Oil Refining Overview of crude oil refining process
Basics of Oil Refining  Overview of crude oil refining process with focus on Canadian crude oil
Refinery Animations & Videos  Oil Refinery Process Animations,Videos & 360 Degree Views
Chicago Bridge & Iron: Virtual Refinery
Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons, ENI and Treccani ed.,
5 volumes
An IP Phone is a VoIP-based telephone service.
Because it uses the internet instead of a phone company, call costs are often lower.
The following is a list of episodes from the American animated series Rugrats.
The first episode aired on Sunday, August 11, 1991.
The first three seasons aired between 1991 and 1995.
The series returned with two Jewish holiday specials in April 1995 and December 1996.
From 1997 to 2004, the series began airing regular episodes again.
The 10th anniversary special "All Growed Up" aired on July 21, 2001, on Nickelodeon.
Rugrats ended on Sunday, August 1, 2004.
Rugrats reruns still air on TeenNick’s late night programming block NickRewind.
There are 9 seasons, 172 episodes, three movies, and two direct-to-DVD specials.
Pilot (2001)
Season 1 (1991–92)
Season 2 (1992–93)
Season 3 (1993–95)
Season 4 (1996–97)
Season 5 (1998)
Season 6 (1999–2001)
In the United States, episodes 102, 111, 123 and 124 were held over from this season and ended up airing during Season 7.
The first Klasky Csupo logo still appeared after the second logo appeared at the end of The Rugrats Movie.
Season 7 (2001–02)
During season 7, Rugrats made a change with a different format that consisted of three episodes per show.
Additionally, all half-hour stories from this point on had two ad breaks instead of one.
This is the only season of Rugrats to have three episodes per show.
Season 8 (2001–03)
The original format for Rugrats was brought back for season 8.
However, the half-hour episodes retain having two commercial breaks.
The first Klasky Csupo logo appeared after the credits in the early airings of this season.
However, the Season 8 DVD from Amazon.com, "The '90s Are All That" and the later airings kept the second logo.
Season 9 (2002–04)
The third Klasky Csupo logo appeared after the credits in the early airings of this season.
However, the Season 9 DVD from Amazon.com, "The '90s Are All That" and the later airings kept the second logo.
Nickelodeon and Amazon.com produce DVDs of new and old Nickelodeon shows through the CreateSpace service.
Using a concept similar to print on demand, Amazon manufactures the discs, cover art, and disc art. ,
Seasons 1–9 were available. ,
the Amazon.com releases have been discontinued.
In May 2017, Nickelodeon and Paramount Home Entertainment released Seasons 1 and 2 on DVD.
In February 2018, Nickelodeon and Paramount Home Media Distribution released Seasons 3 and 4 on DVD.
Rugrats Tales from the Crib (2005–06)
These movies are direct-to-DVD movies that are part of the Rugrats series.
TV.com's Rugrats episodes
TV Guide's Rugrats episode
Lists of Nickelodeon television series episodes
The American Express Company, is a financial company which today is best known for its credit card business.
Sometimes called Amex cards, these credit cards make up nearly a quarter of all credit card transactions in the USA.
History of American Express Company
Early years of the company
When the American Express Company was founded in 1850 it was an “express business”.
This meant that it was a private company whose business was to carry money, packages or valuable things from one place to another.
The US Postal Service had only recently begun.
They delivered letters, but not large parcels.
This is why some people started small “express businesses”.
An express messenger would carry money in a money bag.
He would travel by train or stagecoach.
The trains were very slow and often came off the rails.
The stagecoaches travelled on terrible roads which were much too bumpy for the horses to trot.
It was a time when many people were going to California and other areas in the west of the US.
There was a lot of demand for money to be transferred from one part of the country to another.
This is why the American Express company was started.
Two very important people in the express business at the time were Henry Wells and William G. Fargo.
They had formed a partnership in 1844.
When the American Express was formed its headquarters were in a building in Manhattan, New York.
Three other companies merged to form the new company.
They soon bought several other buildings nearby to use as stables for their horses.
For many years it was the most successful company transporting goods, securities, money etc. (
these were called “express shipments”).
In 1874 the American Express moved its headquarters to 65 Broadway in the financial district of Manhattan.
It has been there ever since.
Move to financial services
Gradually American Express began to focus their attention on banks and other big financial groups because they found the American Express very reliable and paid them good money for their services.
The American Express gradually changed to be a financial company.
In the late 1890s they started to compete with the banks by issuing money orders.
They had big offices in London, Paris, Antwerp, Zurich and Berlin.
By 1890 the company needed a new building, so they pulled down the old building and built a new ten-story building in its place.
By 1903, the company had assets of about $28 million.
In 1916-17 a new building was constructed.
It was made of concrete and steel and was shaped like an H.  This building was sold in 1975.
When their director J. C. Fargo travelled to Europe around 1890 he found it very difficult to get cash.
He was very annoyed, because he was carrying with him letters of credit, and he felt that, as president of the American Express, it should have been no problem.
Fargo went to Marcellus Flemming Berry and asked him to invent a better way getting cash.
Berry invented the Traveler's Cheque.
The traveler’s cheque was a very safe way of  getting cash from a bank when travelling.
The American Express Traveller’s Cheque, started in 1891, was to be used worldwide for nearly a century, when credit cards took over.
Traveler's cheques made American Express a great international company.
Effects of World War I
The war made American Express enter the travel business.
In 1922 they provided a luxury steamship to take tourists round the world.
The traveler’s cheque business made them hugely successful for many years.
Modern times: Charge card services
The idea of a charge card for travel was discussed as early as 1946 but it was not until 1958 that American Express introduced their first cards.
The early ones were paper.
In 1959 plastic cards were introduced.
In 1966, American Express introduced the Gold Card and in 1984 the Platinum Card.
The Platinum Card had a $250 annual fee (today it is $550).
It was only offered to trusted customers.
Today customers can apply for it.
In 1987, American Express introduced a credit card, known as the Optima card.
Customers did not have to pay in full every month.
They could now wait to pay later.
"Boston Fee Party"
From early 1980s until the early 1990s, American Express offered merchants and restaurants a discount if they accepted only American Express and no other credit or charge cards.
However, in 1991, several restaurants in Boston started accepting Visa and MasterCards, even encouraging their customers to use them.
These cards had a much lower fee than American Express fees, which at the time charged 4% for each transaction.
Some restaurants even stopped accepting American Express cards.
This revolt was called the “Boston Fee Party” (a pun on the name “Boston Tea Party”).
In the end American Express decided to reduce their charges.
American Express today
The director of American Express is Kenneth Chenault.
American Express continues to be one of the world’s biggest financial companies.
A traveler's cheque (also traveller's cheque, travellers cheque, traveller's check or traveler's check) is a preprinted  cheque for a fixed amount.
The person who buys it must sign it and then sign it again when he "cashes" it.
It is a good way for a traveller to take money when going on holiday.
If a traveler's cheque is stolen it can be replaced so long as the person still has a receipt to prove that he bought it.
Traveler's cheques were a large part of the business of American Express.
Since 2005 the American Express have been issuing "American Express Travelers Cheque Cards".
These can be used in stores like a credit card.
American Express Traveler's Cheques merchant site
The nabarlek (Petrogale concinna), also known as the pygmy rock-wallaby or the little Rock-wallaby, is a small marsupial, a type of wallaby from northern Australia.
Nabarleks are small kangaroos.
They can hop and jump with their powerful legs, and balance on their long tail.
Mathias Grünewald (c. 1470 in Würzburg, died 31 August 1528) was a German painter and artist.
Today he is seen as one of the important German artists of the Renaissance.
His real name was Mathias Gothart or Mathias Neidhardt, his first name is also spelled Mathis.
Sometimes he is called Mathias of Aschaffenburg.
Today, only ten paintings and 35 drawings survive.
At first many of his works were attributed to Albrecht Dürer, even though Dürer's style of paining is completely different.
All the surviving works have religious motifs.
The American Airlines Center (also known as the AAC) is a multi-purpose arena.
It is in the Victory Park neighborhood, near downtown Dallas, Texas.
It is currently used by the Dallas Stars, Dallas Mavericks and, Dallas Vigilantes.
It is also used for concerts and entertainment.
He and David Hubel won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for their discoveries of information processing in the visual system.
After serving as president of the Rockefeller University, he is now director of the Shelby White and Leon Levy Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior at the same institution.
He is also an advisor to several countries and organizations, mainly helping young scientists do research.
He is a member of the President's Council of University of the People.
Yi junyong (or Lee Junyong, , hanja: , June 25 1870 - March 22, 1918) was a Korean politician.
He was a member of the Joseon Dynasty royal family.
He was the grandson of Heungseon Daewangun, and elder nephew of Emperor Kojong of the Korean empire.
He was rival of his uncle Kojong 1874 to 1907.
His title was 'Prince Youngseon' ().
http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=536044
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=128028
The Keine Sorgen Arena ("No Worries Arena") is a football stadium in Ried, Austria.
It is the homeground of SV Ried.
The stadium is named after a slogan used by one sponsor of SV Ried, an upper Austrian insurance company.
Since 2018 it is called Josko-Arena.
Josko is another sponsor of SV Ried.
The stadium replaced the former stadium of SV Ried which had only 1 100 places and was a multipurpose stadium with a running track.
The new stadium is only used for football and has 7 700 seats of whom 120 are a VIP-area.
The weststand and the awaystand offer only standingroom.
Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American biologist.
She was a distinguished cytogeneticist who worked on inheritance in maize.
McClintock was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
McClintock got her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927.
Maize cytogenetics was the focus of her research for the rest of her career.
From the late 1920s, McClintock studied chromosomes and how they change during reproduction in maize.
She used microscopic analysis to show genetic recombination by crossing-over during meiosis—a mechanism by which chromosomes exchange information.
She produced the first genetic map for maize, and demonstrated the role of the telomere and centromere.
These are regions of the chromosome that are important in preserving genetic information.
During the 1940s and 1950s, McClintock discovered transposition and used it to show how genes are responsible for turning physical characteristics on or off.
She developed theories to explain the control of genetic information from one generation of maize plants to the next.
Encountering skepticism of her research and its implications, she stopped publishing her data in 1953.
Later, she made an extensive study of the cytogenetics of maize races from South America.
Discovery of controlling elements
In the summer of 1944 at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, McClintock began systematic studies on the inheritance of colour patterns of maize seeds.
In early 1948, she made the surprising discovery that two genetic loci, Dissociator and Activator could transpose, or change position, on the chromosomes.
McClintock also found that the transposition of Ds and the is determined by the number of Ac copies in the cell.
Between 1948 and 1950, she developed a theory: these mobile elements regulated genes by inhibiting or modulating their action.
She referred to Dissociator and Activator as "controlling units"—later, as "controlling elements"—to distinguish them from genes.
She suggested that gene regulation could explain how complex multicellular organisms made of cells with identical genomes have cells of different function.
McClintock's discovery challenged the concept of the genome as a static set of instructions passed between generations.
In 1950, she reported her work on Ac/Ds and her ideas about gene regulation in a paper.
In summer 1951, when she reported on her work on gene mutability in maize at the annual symposium at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Her work on controlling elements and gene regulation was difficult and was not immediately understood or accepted by her contemporaries; she described the reception of her research as "puzzlement, even hostility".
Nevertheless, McClintock continued to develop her ideas on controlling elements.
She published a paper in 1953 where she presented all her statistical data, and undertook lecture tours to universities throughout the 1950s to speak about her work.
She continued to investigate the problem and identified a new element that she called Suppressor-mutator (Spm), which, although similar to Ac/Ds, displays more complex behavior.
Key publications
McClintock B. 1929.
A cytological and genetical study of triploid maize.
Genetics 14 (2): 180–222.
PMID
McClintock B. 1950.
The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 36 (6): 344–355.
PMC 1063197.
PMID 15430309.
McClintock B. 1953.
Induction of instability at selected loci in maize.
Genetics 38 (6): 579–599.
PMC 1209627.
PMID 17247459.
McClintock B. 1961.
Some parallels between gene control systems in maize and in bacteria.
The American Naturalist 95 (884): 265–277.
Polski Koncern Naftowy Orlen S.A. (PKN Orlen) is a Polish oil and gas company.
It has a lot of petrol stations in Poland, Germany, Czech Republic, Lithuania and Slovakia.
It is the biggest company in Poland and one of the biggest oil and gas companies in Europe.
PKN Orlen was founded in People's Repubic of Poland.
In 1999 it was privatized.
Brands of PKN Orlen Group
Basell Orlen Polyolefins
Petrochemia Płock
UniPetrol
Benzina
Solino
Orlen KolTrans