the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Casey Kasem (born Kemal Amin Kasem; April 27, 1932– June 15, 2014) was an American radio personality, music historian, actor, and voice artist.
He is known for his many voice roles in cartoons and for being a public radio personality.
Kasem was born Kemal Amin Kasem in Detroit, Michigan, on April 27, 1932, to Lebanese immigrant parents.
They settled in Michigan, where they worked as grocers.
Kasem graduated from Northwestern High School in Detroit and Wayne State University.
Kasem's career began in the radio business in the 1950s in Flint, Michigan.
He then made his first movie appearance in Easy Rider in 1967.
He was the host of the weekly American Top 40 radio show from 1970 to 1988, and again from March 1998 until January 10, 2004.
Ryan Seacrest is now the host.
Kasem is the host of two weekly radio shows, American Top 20 with Casey Kasem and American Top 10 with Casey Kasem.
Kasem did the voice of many advertisements, has done many voices for Sesame Street, and is the voice of 'Shaggy' for the animated television show Scooby-Doo.
Kasem married Linda Myers in 1972.
Kasem then married Jean Thompson in 1980.
Kasem lived in Washington state.
Kasem was a Democrat.
He narrated television ads for 1972 president candidate George McGovern's campaign.
On May 12, 2014, Kasem was declared missing by a Los Angeles court judge ordered an investigation for his whereabouts.
Soon after, Kasem was found alive in Washington state.
On June 6, 2014, Kasem was in critical but stable condition at a hospital in Washington state hospital, receiving antibiotic treatment from blood pressure and bedsores.
He also suffered from Lewy body disease, the most common type of progressive dementia after Alzheimer's and was bed-ridden.
Kasem died in Gig Harbor, Washington from complications of dementia and sepsis, aged 82.
On August 14 it was reported in the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang that Kasem was going to be buried in Oslo.
The funeral administration of Oslo, Norway confirmed that Kasem was buried at Vestre Gravlund in Oslo on December 16, 2014.
Durkee, Rob.
American Top 40: The Countdown of the Century, Schriner Books, New York, 1999.
Battistini, Pete. "
American Top 40 with Casey Kasem (The 1970s)", Authorhouse.com, January 31, 2005.
Kasem entry at the National Broadcaster's Hall of Fame
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
Bloc Party are a British indie rock band.
The band has four members: Kele Okereke sings and plays rhythm guitar, Russell Lissack plays the lead guitar, Justin Harris plays bass guitar and Louise Bartle plays the drums.
The band's music has been compared to bands such as the Cure, Gang of Four and the Strokes.
The band formed during the 1999 Reading Festival.
They tried many different names before they chose Bloc Party.
Moakes joined after reading an advertisement in NME magazine.
Tong was picked through an audition.
The band was first noticed when the gave BBC Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacq and Franz Ferdinand's lead singer Alex Kapranos a copy of its music demo, "She's Hearing Voices".
Later it was released as a single.
In February 2005, the band released its debut album, Silent Alarm.
It received excellent reviews from many critics, and made NME'''s Album of the Year list.
The album was successful enough to reach platinum status in the UK a year later.
The band released its second album, A Weekend in the City, in 2007.
This album reached number two on the UK album chart and number twelve on the Billboard 200.
In August 2008, the band released their third album, Intimacy.
4 years later, in 2012, the band released their fourth album, Four, and in 2016, the band released their fifth album, Hymns.
Early days and first releases
Russell Lissack and Kele Okereke first met in 1998 in Essex.
They saw each other again in 1999 at the Reading Festival and then decided to form a band.
Bass guitar player Gordon Moakes joined after answering an advertisement in NME, and drummer Matt Tong joined after an audition.
They were called Union at the start, the band chose to call themselves Bloc Party in September 2003 as another way of saying "block party".
The band have said in interviews that the name was not supposed to be related to the Soviet Bloc or the Canadian political party Bloc Québécois.
However, Gordon Moakes said on the group's official Internet forum that the name was made by joining the eastern "Blocs" and the western "parties", in the political sense.
Moakes also said that the name was not chosen only for this reason, but because it "looked, sounded, and seemed fine, so we went with it."
In November 2003, Bloc Party had their song "The Marshals Are Dead" featured on a compilation album called The New Cross released by Angular Recording Corporation.
They then released their debut single "She's Hearing Voices" on the record label Trash Aesthetics, which was new at the time.
The band were first noticed after lead singer Okereke went to a Franz Ferdinand concert in 2003.
He gave a CD of "She's Hearing Voices" to both lead singer Alex Kapranos and Radio One DJ Steve Lamacq.
Afterwards, Lamacq played the song on his radio show.
He called the track "genius", and he invited them to record a live session for the show.
The success of the track led to the release of another single, "Banquet", which was released by Moshi Moshi Records.
They went on to sign with independent label Wichita Recordings in April 2004.
Bloc Party's first album, Silent Alarm, was released in the UK in February 2005 on Wichita Recordings.
In the United States, it was released in March 2005 by Vice Records.
It was given a lot of praise.
It was voted as the NME album of the year for 2005, and reached number three on UK album charts before being certified platinum.
The first single from the album, "So Here We Are", made the top 5 on UK charts.
Further, the singles "Banquet", "Helicopter" and "Pioneers", managed to reach the UK top 20 but did not do as well as "So Here We Are".
The animated music video for "Pioneers" was made by Shoreditch-based designers Minivegas.
It was number one in the NME video charts for four weeks.
The band got good reviews from critics in the United States, and they toured there a lot over 2006.
At the start of 2006, they finished their tour with sold out shows in Los Angeles, Miami and Berkeley.
It sold 350,000 copies in North America and over a million worldwide.
After the success of the album, the established electronic group The Chemical Brothers soon collaborated with Okereke for "Believe", a track on the Brothers' Push the Button album.
An album of remixes of tracks from Silent Alarm was released at the end of August in the UK.
The album was called Silent Alarm Remixed, and it kept the first album's song list.
During July, Bloc Party recorded two new tracks with Silent Alarm producer Paul Epworth.
The songs were released as an extended play called Two More Years.
The release of this EP came with another release of Silent Alarm, which had on it both "Two More Years" and old single "Little Thoughts". "
Two More Years" was released later at the same time as their October 2005 UK tour.
The single also had a remix of "Banquet" done by The Streets, for which a music video was also made.
The band also made the track "The Present" for the Help!:
A Day in the Life compilation album.
The money raised from this album went to the War Child charity.
In 2005, their album track "Like Eating Glass" was used on the soundtrack of a horror movie called Cry Wolf.
It was also remixed for use on Activision's skateboarding game Tony Hawk's American Wasteland.
Bloc Party's second album, A Weekend in the City, was produced by Jacknife Lee.
It was published by Wichita in the UK and Vice Records in the US and was released in February 2007.
However, it was leaked in November 2006.
It was released on the UK iTunes store before in shops, and reached second place in the Official UK Chart.
The album did just as well in Australia and Belgium.
It entered at number 12 in the Billboard 200, with 48,000 copies sold.
The first single, "The Prayer", was released on 29 January.
It became the single which did the best in the UK Top 40 for the band, reaching fourth place.
Before the release of the album, BBC Radio 1 DJ Zane Lowe played a live recording of the band at the Maida Vale studio, featuring both old and new songs, on his radio show on 30 January 2007.
On 1 February 2007, A Weekend in the City was made able free to listen to on the band's official MySpace page.
The next single, "I Still Remember", was Bloc Party's highest charting single in America.
It got to number 24 on the Modern Rock Chart.
The band released their third single, "Hunting for Witches", in August 2007.
The single was their only ARIA Chart entry, getting to number 20.
In October 2007 Bloc Party said they would release a new single, "Flux", on 13 November—ahead of their end-of-year concerts.
The electronic song, also produced by Jacknife Lee, was very different from previous singles released by the band.
The band's first concert following the release of A Weekend In The City was on 5 February 2007, in Reading.
It was played live on BBC 6 Music that night.
On 20 May 2007, Bloc Party were the first band to play that year on the In New Music We Trust stage at the BBC Radio 1 Big Weekend at Preston.
They also took part in the UK Live Earth concert on 7 July 2007 at Wembley Stadium.
The band also played sets at T in the Park and Oxegen 2007 that same weekend, as well as Glastonbury and the Reading and Leeds Festivals.
Bloc Party said that they would tour Australia and New Zealand in August 2007, which would include a special concert at the Splendour in the Grass Festival on 5 August.
On 17 September 2007 they recorded a concert for the PBS show Austin City Limits.
This was the day after playing at the Austin City Limits Music Festival.
On 27 October 2007, the band performed with the Exmoor Singers, a London-based choir, as part of the BBC Electric Proms.
They played songs from both Silent Alarm and A Weekend In The City along with the first UK live performance of "Flux".
During 2007, Russell Lissack formed his side project group Pin Me Down with Melina Mepris.
"Mercury", the first single from Bloc Party's third album Intimacy, was played on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show on 7 July 2008.
It then appeared on the Radio 1 website fifteen minutes later.
The exclusive followed a countdown timer which was put in place of the band's website for three days, which ended with a link to the Radio 1 website at the time of Lowe's radio show.
Many fans were expecting new songs over the internet, with some being annoyed by the act.
The song had an electronic sound like the last single, "Flux".
During the first play of "Mercury" on Radio 1, Kele was with Zane Lowe, and said that Jacknife Lee and Paul Epworth would be producing the new album.
It was also said that the single was to be released on 11 August 2008.
The video was put out with the single.
Bloc Party's third studio album has a new, electronic sound, even though Kele said this would not be the case.
He had said before this that the sound would be as raw as Silent Alarm, but as "experienced" as A Weekend in the City.
The band talked about the release of their third album with fans on a forum on 18 August 2008.
The album then was made available for pre-order in many formats - an MP3 download with the CD release on 27 October 2008.
"Trojan Horse", a song from the album, was made available to stream through NME's website.
On 20 August 2008, the band added more album tracks, "Signs" and "One Month Off", as well as "Trojan Horse", to their MySpace profile.
On 23-24 August, 2008, the band played concerts at the Reading and Leeds Festivals.
The band played set-opener "Mercury", as well as album track "One Month Off".
A concert like that one followed a week later on 30 August 2008, when the band played as the main act at the Hydro Connect Music Festival, in Argyll, Scotland.
During Autumn 2008, the band played in North America and Canada.
They played at the Virgin Mobile Festival in Toronto on 6 September 2008, and had their first ever American college show at Syracuse University.
They had their next live performance in the UK on 30 September 2008 with a special concert in London as part of Q Awards: The Gigs.
As well as this, they played at the Glasgow date of MTV Two and Topman's "Gonzo on Tour" on 19 October 2008.
On 8 September 2008, Bloc Party said that their next single, "Talons" would be released on 20 October 2008.
The song was not able to be downloaded as part of the pre-order album released on August 27, but did appear on the full album release on 27 October 2008.
It was also given to fans who had already bought the download-only album, given out after the song's first play on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show.
After the digital release of Intimacy'', Bloc Party said to the public that they would go on another UK tour, starting on 25 January 2009 in Glasgow.
They will then play in Manchester and Wolverhampton in the same month, with another gig in Wolverhampton on 1 February 2009.
Their first UK tour since December 2007 will finish on 12 April 2009 in London.
Also in early 2009, the band toured North America in many small places.
In June 2009 they announced that their new single is called One More Chance.
This song was not on Intimacy and was played on Radio One on the 18th of June 2009.
It was released during August 2009.
Silent Alarm (2005)
A Weekend in the City (2007)
Intimacy (2008)
Four (2012)
Hymns (2016)
2003 establishments in England
VfR Mannheim a German football team.
It is in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg.
The club was formed in 1911.
SV Waldhof Mannheim is a German football club.
The club was founded 1907.
The club today has over 2,400 people.
The team plays in the Regionalliga Süd the 4th German Football division.
If a book or a TV show is about science, and is made easy so everyone can understand, then it is popular science.
It is popular because it is made for the whole population, not just for scientists.
Nature documentaries  are examples of popular science.
Popular science is non-fiction, so it is not the same as science fiction.
Popular science is also not the same as Science journalism.
Science journalism is what journalists write to report the newest theories and discoveries made in science, but popular science is not always about what is newest.
Popular science and scientific literature
When scientists write about their work, first they publish in scientific journals such as Nature and Science.
Then they may write books.
The purpose of popular science is to show scientific literature in a way that different types of scientists, and people who are not scientists, will easily understand.
When people take an idea from scientific literature and change it into popular science, important things about that idea may be left out or added in.
Popular science is a bridge between the literature written for scientists, and the realms of popular writing which ordinary people use.
The goal of the genre is to capture the methods and accuracy of science, while making the language more accessible.
Popular science has its problems.
Some popular science is made by people who do not understand the subject well.
Some is made by people who have a strong bias.
Some is part science and part pseudoscience.
It can be hard for someone who is not an expert to tell which works of popular science are reliable.
Museums, television programs and websites are also in the business of communicating science to the wider public.
Not all of these are reliable.
The oldest institution devoted to link science to the public may be the Gresham College, which was founded in 1597 in London.
It was not entirely devoted to science.
The Royal Institution in London has similar aims, and is devoted to science.
It was founded in 1799.
Both of these institutions have always given lectures by experts to the general public.
A lullaby is a song which is sung to help a baby or small child go to sleep.
Composers of classical music often wrote pieces for instruments to play (very often for piano solo) which they called "lullaby".
They also used the French word Berceuse.
Brahms wrote his famous Wiegenlied originally for a young singer, Bertha Faber, when she gave birth to her second son.
Lullabies always have a gentle, rocking rhythm with a simple accompaniment.
Frédéric Chopin's Berceuse is a lullaby for piano.
Gabriel Fauré wrote one at the beginning of his Dolly Suite for piano duet.
Mothers sing lullabies to their children at bedtime.
Rock-a-bye Baby and Hush Little Baby are two very well-known lullabies.
There is an example of lullaby:
Rock-a-bye baby
On the tree tops,When the wind blows
The cradle will rock.
When the bough breaks
The cradle will fall,
And down will come baby
Cradle and all.
Lund is a city in Scania, in the south of Sweden.
About 80,000 people live there, which makes it the eleventh biggest city in Sweden.
It is close to Malmö.
The municipality has about 105,000 people.
Lund is known for its university, Lund University (founded in 1666).
It is the largest university in Scandinavia.
The city is also known for its cathedral, Lund Cathedral (Lunds domkyrka).
Lund is an old city.
It was probably founded around the year 990, when Scania belonged to Denmark.
Guadalcanal is the biggest island in the Solomon Islands.
During World War II, there was a battle there between the Americans and the Japanese.
WW2DB: Guadalcanal Campaign
FC Eintracht Bamberg is a football team in Bamberg, Upper Franconia Germany.
In 1946 they were called 1.
FC Bamberg and were in the "first Division".
Now they play in the "Fourth Division", Regionalliga Bayern, with the new name, F.C. Eintracht Bamberg.
FSV Frankfurt is the second best football team in Frankfurt, Germany  after Eintracht Frankfurt.
In the season 2007/08 it became champion of the Regionalliga Süd.
Since 2008 FSV Frankfurt plays in the 2.
FSV-Blog of Frankfurter Rundschau
Joachim Löw (born 3 February 1960) is a former German football player who formerly managed the Germany national football team after being eliminated by England in the UEFA Euro 2020 Round of 16.
He became a World Cup winning manager when his team won the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup runner-up: 1997–98
DFB-Pokal: 1996–97
DFB-Ligapokal runner-up: 1997
Tirol Innsbruck
Austrian Football Bundesliga: 2001–02
Austrian Supercup: 2003
FIFA World Cup: 2014; third place: 2010
FIFA Confederations Cup: 2017
UEFA European Championship runner-up: 2008
Sport Bild German Sports Manager of the Year: 2010
German Football Man of the Year: 2011, 2014
German Football Manager of the Year: 2014
FIFA World Coach of the Year: 2014
World Soccer Awards Manager of the Year: 2014
IFFHS World's Best National Coach: 2014, 2017
L'Équipe Sports Manager of the Year: 2010
European Coach of the Year—Alf Ramsey Award: 2014
FIFA World Cup Dream Team: 2014
Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2010, 2014
Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande: 2010
IFFHS World's Best Man National Coach of the Decade 2011–2020
Joachim Löw at dfb.de
Joachim Löw fansite
Karlsruher SC managers
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biopolymer that is made by bacteria.
It can break down naturally (it is biodegradable).
PHA has the same qualities of plastic, but it uses renewable raw material such as sugar from crop, instead of finite natural resources such as crude oil, natural gas and coal.
Some PHAs share properties with polypropylene, a plastic used to make ropes and packaging.
Others are similar to rubber.
SpVgg Bayreuth is a German football team in Bayreuth, Bavaria.
It was founded in 1921.
The club was banned in 1933 by the Nazis but restarted shortly after World War II.
SpVgg Bayreuth plays in one of the Fourths Divisions, the Bayernliga.
In the season 2005/2006, they played in the Third Division, the Regionalliga.
Today the play in the Fifth Division (Bayernliga Nord).
Reger’s father was a schoolteacher who was an amateur musician.
When he was a boy Max helped his father to rebuild an organ that was going to be thrown away.
This was the instrument on which he learned to play.
It was some time before he started proper lessons, but by the time he was a teenager he was playing the organ for church services.
When he was 15 he went to Bayreuth to hear Wagner’s operas.
This was the moment when Reger decided he wanted to become a musician.
Reger studied music in Munich and Wiesbaden with a famous teacher Hugo Riemann.
He composed a lot of music, especially for the organ.
His musical style was similar to that of Brahms, but he also learned a lot from the music of Bach, Mendelssohn and Schumann.
He liked the symphonic poems of Liszt and these gave him the ideas for writing chorale fantasies for the organ, although he never wrote music that tells a story (programme music).
In 1902 Reger married.
He and his wife adopted two children.
In 1907 he became professor of composition at the University of Leipzig.
He was a very good teacher.
He became well-known abroad.
He travelled to London where he spent hours in the art galleries.
Then he bored his friends by talking all the time about the paintings.
He conducted the orchestra at Meiningen, performing works by many composers, especially Brahms, Bruckner and his own.
Reger enjoyed eating and drinking.
He regularly went to his local café where he would eat ten large sausages and drink ten glasses of beer.
His health got bad, and he died of a heart attack in Leipzig, where he was visiting friends on his way home from the Netherlands.
Reger wrote an enormous amount of music, but very little of it is played nowadays.
He wrote in a late-Romantic style.
He is best remembered for his organ music.
He liked to write fugues and sets of Variations.
His Fantasy and Fugue on BACH is one of the hardest pieces ever written for organ.
He wrote a lovely song called Marias Wiegenlied (''Mary’s lullaby).
Therefore, he is also called the Protomartyr ().
He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, as well as in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
His feast day was historically kept on August 3.
His name means 'laurel wreath' or 'crown' in Greek.
His death is described in the Book of Acts.
He was stoned to death for blasphemy and is remembered on the Feast of St. Stephen, December 26.
Saint Stephen at the Catholic Encyclopedia
1 births
30s deaths
The Dark Tower is a series of eight books by American writer Stephen King that tells the tale of lead character Roland Deschain's quest for the "Dark Tower."
Books by Stephen King
Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1, 1947) is an American politician.
He was the 54th Governor of the state of New Jersey.
He represented New Jersey in the United States Senate from 2001 until 2006, when he stepped down to take his seat as governor.
On November 3, 2009, Jon Corzine lost re-election for another four years as governor.
The person who won was Chris Christie, who became the governor on January 20, 2010.
United States senators from New Jersey
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Businesspeople from Illinois
James Edward "'Jim"' McGreevey (born August 6, 1957) was the 52nd Governor of New Jersey.
In 2004, he said that he was gay.
He resigned as governor after he said he had an affair with a male employee.
He was the first openly gay governor of any state in the history of the United States.
In physics, a physical quantity is any physical property that can be quantified, that is, be measured using numbers.
A physical quantity is always measured of natural non-living objects (Inanimate objects)
The foundation of physics rests upon physical quantities in term of which the laws of physics are expressed.
Therefore, these quantities have to be measured accurately.
Physical quantities are often divided into two categories; base quantities and derived quantities.
Derived quantities are those quantities which are derived from other physical quantities.
Examples of derived quantities are force, velocity, acceleration etc.
Before the development of powered helicopters in the mid 20th century, autogyro pioneer Juan de la Cierva researched and developed many of the basics of the rotor.
Cierva is credited with successful development of multi-bladed, fully articulated rotor systems.
This type of system is widely used today in many multi-bladed helicopters.
Rotor Analysis - Blade Element Momentum Theory
Helicopter Rotorhead Close-up Image Gallery
Many composers wrote pieces which are examples of theme and variation.
Sometimes the theme is one they made up, at other times they took a theme that another composer had already written and then made variations on it.
There are lots of ways of varying a tune, and each variation will change it in a different way.
A variation may play the tune much faster or much slower, it may change the tune by adding extra sharps and flats or other ornamental notes, or by playing the tune in octaves.
It may change the harmony or the rhythm or use different instruments.
It may combine the tune in different parts (counterpoint).
History in music
Composers have used variations in music for centuries.
In the Renaissance and Baroque periods composers wrote variations on a short tune in the bass which was repeated again and again.
This was called a ground bass or sometimes it was a passacaglia or chaconne.
Renaissance composers also liked writing what they called “divisions”.
This meant varying a tune by playing it, for example, at twice the speed or half the speed etc.
so that crotchets (quarter notes) became minims (half notes) or quavers (eighth notes).
George Frideric Handel wrote a famous set of variations for harpsichord called Harmonious Blacksmith, and Johann Sebastian Bach wrote the Goldberg Variations, which was a set of 30 variations: a very long piece of music.
It was written for a man who found it difficult to sleep at night, so he would ask his harpsichord player, whose name was Goldberg, to play to him.
Many composers from the Classical, Romantic and 20th century classical music periods wrote sets of variations.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote several, one of which was based on a French folktune which we know in Britain as “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star”.
Beethoven wrote several wonderful sets of variations.
Many of them were for piano, but he also used the form in other pieces e.g. the slow movement of his Ninth Symphony.
Schubert often wrote variations on tunes from his own songs.
The article about graphical symbols is at Logo
Logo is a programming language that is easy to learn.
It is used to teach students and children to program a computer.
It was developed to process lists of words.
It was like the language LISP.
In 1967, the first Logo ran on a mainframe computer, a machine called a teletype was used to type in and printout the results.
There was no screen.
In 1969, it was used to control a Floor Turtle.
Commands were added to send the turtle forwards and backwards, and to turn the turtle to left or right.
This turtle had pen with different colors.
When it moved, it left a trail on the floor.
When a new version of Logo was developed to draw graphics on a screen, it used the same commands.
This was called Turtle graphics.
There are 170 versions of Logo.
Many of them are open source and free.
There are three Logo textbooks that can be downloaded free.
Logo is usually an interpreted language.
Load the Logo program.
Type the next line in the command box.
print [Hello World!]
Example Showing Graphics and Functional Programming
if  :size > 30 [stop] ; a condition stop
fd :size rt 15        ; many lines of action
spiral :size *1.02    ; the tailend recursive call
MSWLogo For Windows
FMSLogo For Windows
Berkeley Logo (UCBLogo)
Microworlds Microworlds, a commercial Logo for Mac and Windows
Elica  a 3D Logo for Windows
Lhogho a Logo compiler for Linux and Windows
Surf Your Logo Code A modern web based Logo interpreter using HTML5 and JQuery.
MaLT (Machine Lab Turtlesphere) A web based 3D Logo application with the feature of dynamic manipulation (developed in HTML5 & three.js).
A Logo Tutorial  for the OLPC project
The Great Logo Adventure, Jim Muller A book for children.
Computer Science Logo Style, Brian Harvey, MIT Press (3 volumes) , , .
Advanced books.
Lisp (used to be called LISP) is a programming language.
It is among the oldest programming languages that are still used today.
Only Fortran is one year older.
Lisp was designed by John McCarthy in 1958.
The best-known versions of LISP are Common Lisp, Scheme and Clojure.
Many concepts that are used in modern programming languages were first created in Lisp.
The basic concepts behind Lisp are easy to learn.
Logo is another version of Lisp that was made for children.
Logo can help young children develop skills and become efficient within the programming language.
Simple examples (Scheme)
In Lisp, operations are written in prefix notation, and they start and end with parentheses.
For example, the formula  is written as:
(/ (+ 3 5) 4)
; returns 2
Because Lisp is a functional language, Lisp programs often use recursion to solve problems.
Here is a Scheme program that finds the factorial of a number.
The function (factorial n) starts by testing if  or not.
If , then (factorial 0) is 1.
If , then (factorial n) returns the product of  and the factorial of .
(if
(= n 0)
(factorial 6)
; returns the factorial of 6: 6!
= 6*5*4*3*2*1 = 720
Linked lists are an important idea in Lisp.
The list without any things in it is known as the empty or nil list, and is written as '().
A list that has things in it is written as '(dog cat).
The operation car is used to get the first thing of a list.
(car '(dog cat fish))
; returns 'dog, which is the first thing in the list
; returns 1
; this code gives an error because the list is empty/nil
(cdr '(dog cat fish))
; returns '(cat fish)
; returns '(), because there is nothing in the list after the first thing (6)
; gives an error because the list is empty/nil
(display "Hello world!")
In mathematical logic and computer science, lambda calculus, also λ-calculus, is a formal system.
It was designed to investigate the definition of functions, and how to apply them.
It is also a tool for analysing recursion.
It was introduced by Alonzo Church and Stephen Cole Kleene in the 1930s.
Church used lambda calculus in 1936 to give a negative answer to the Entscheidungsproblem.
Lambda calculus can be used to define what is a computable function.
No general algorithm can answer the question of whether two lambda calculus expressions are equivalent.
This was the first question, even before the halting problem, for which undecidability could be proved.
Lambda calculus has greatly influenced functional programming languages,  such as LISP, ML and Haskell.
Lambda calculus can be called the smallest universal programming language.
It consists of just one transformation rule (variable substitution) and just one way to define a function.
Each function definition comes together with a list of the function's parameters, i.e. variables that can be used inside that definition.
Variable substitution means substitution of values for variables, that is, a transformation step where an application of a function to some arguments is replaced with that function's definition in which all variables (that appear in its list of parameters) are replaced with arguments used in that application.
Lambda calculus is universal in the sense that any computable function can be expressed and evaluated using this formalism.
It is thus the same as the Turing machine formalism.
However, lambda calculus emphasizes the use of transformation rules.
It does not care about the actual machine that implements them.
It is an approach more related to software than to hardware.
Family Jewels is a two disc compilation DVD by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC.
It contains videos from the Bon Scott era to the Brian Johnson era.
The compilation was released in 2005.
Track listing Disc 1
It's A Long Way To The Top (If You Wanna Rock 'N' Roll)
Rock 'N' Roll Damnation
Fling Thing/Rocker
Walk All Over You
Touch Too Much
Girls Got Rhythm
Track listing Disc 2
Hells Bells
What Do You Do For Money Honey
Rock And Roll Ain't Noise Pollution
Let's Get It Up
For Those About To Rock (We Salute You)
Flick Of The Switch
Nervous Shakedown
Sink The Pink
Shake Your Foundations
You Shook Me All Night Long
That's The Way I Wanna Rock 'N' Roll
Music videos and DVDs
Electrical power
Mechanical power
Electrical power transmission has replaced mechanical power transmission in all but the very shortest distances.
From the start of the industrial revolution until the end of the 19th century mechanical power transmission was the norm.
Factories were fitted with overhead driveshafts providing rotary power.
Drivebelts would provide power to individual machines on the shop floor.
Chemicals and fuels
Chemical energy is transmitted by moving fuels to generate power in distant places.
Pipelines and other large infrastructure projects transport natural gas, petroleum and petroleum products for use as fuel.
Ocean surface waves are surface waves that occur in the upper layer of the ocean.
They usually result from wind.
Some are made by geologic effects like earthquakes or vulcanicity and may travel thousands of miles before striking land.
They range in size from small ripples to huge tsunamis.
There is little actual forward motion of individual water particles in an unbroken wave, despite the large amount of energy and momentum it may carry forward.
When a wave hits shallow water, it "breaks" because the bottom moves more slowly than the top.
Wave formation
The great majority of large breakers one sees on an ocean beach result from distant winds.
Three factors influence the formation of these "wind waves":
Distance of open water that the wind has blown over.
Length of time the wind has blown over a given area.
All of these factors work together to determine the size and shape of ocean waves.
The greater each of the variables, the larger the waves.
Waves are measured by:
Height (from trough to crest)
Wavelength (from crest to crest)
Period (time interval between arrival of consecutive crests at a stationary point)
Waves in a given area typically have a range of sizes.
For weather reporting and for scientific analysis of wind wave statistics, their size over a period of time is usually expressed as "significant wave height."
This figure represents the average height of the highest one-third of the waves in a given time period (usually twelve hours) or in a specific storm system or event.
Given the variability of wave size, the largest individual waves are likely to be twice the reported significant wave height for a particular day or storm.
"Anatomy of a Wave" Holben, Jay boatsafe.com captured 5/23/06
Carr, Michael "Understanding Waves" Sail Oct. 1998: 38-45.
Rousmaniere, John.
The Annapolis Book of Seamanship, New York: Simon & Schuster 1989
Introductory oceanography chapter 10 - Ocean Waves
Understanding waves waves, storm, tsunamis, seiches, bores, deadwater, etc. (
18pp)
HyperPhysics - Ocean Waves
SHOM - in French
Water Waves Wiki
Waverider Buoys for South East Queensland
Costalwatch.com: Australian Wave Prediction for Surfers Website
ru:Волны на поверхности жидкости
A crest is the point on a wave with the greatest positive value or upward displacement in a cycle.
A trough is the opposite of a crest.
, 704 pages.
A trough is a box-like drinking vessel for farm animals.
Other senses of the word refer to things that are lower than their surroundings, like a trough:
Trough (physics)
Trough (meteorology);
Trough (geology);
a trough is also a noticeable and statistically recordable decline in an economy or graph.
in chemistry it can be a Langmuir Blodgett Trough
In physics, a surface wave can refer to a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media, usually two fluids with different densities.
A surface wave can also be an electromagnetic wave guided by a refractive index gradient.
For radio waves, a ground wave is a surface wave that propagates close to the surface of the Earth.
Ocean surface waves, internal waves and crests, dispersion, and freak waves
Arnold Sommerfeld – published the mathematical treatise on the zenneck wave
Other articles, further reading, and references
Eric W. Weisstein, et al., "
Surface Wave", Eric Weisstein's World of Physics, 2006.
"Surface waves ".
Integrated Publishing (tpub.com).
Brett Ketter, "Surface Wave Theory ".
University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee.
David Reiss, "Electromagnetic surface waves".
The Net Advance of Physics: Special Reports, No.
Gary L. Peterson, "Rediscovering the Zenneck wave".
Feed Line No.
4. (
reproduction available online at Twenty First Century Books)
Standards and doctrines
"Surface wave ".
Telecom Glossary 2000, ATIS Committee T1A1, Performance and Signal Processing, T1.523-2001.
"Surface wave", Federal Standard 1037C.
"Surface wave", MIL-STD-188
"Multi-service tactics, techniques, and procedures for the High-Frequency Automatic Link Establishment (HF-ALE): FM 6-02.74; MCRP 3-40.3E; NTTP 6-02.6; AFTTP(I) 3-2.48; COMDTINST M2000.7" Sept., 2003.
Waldron, Richard Arthur, "Theory of guided electromagnetic waves".
London, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1970.
LCCN 69019848 //r86
Weiner, Melvin M., "Monopole antennas" New York, Marcel Dekker, 2003.
Budden, K. G., "The wave-guide mode theory of wave propagation".
London, Logos Press; Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, c1961.
LCCN 62002870 /L
Journals and papers
Wait, J. R., "Lateral Waves and the Pioneering Research of the Late Kenneth A Norton".
Wait, J. R., and D. A. Hill, "Excitation of the HF surface wave by vertical and horizontal apertures".
Radio Science, 14, 1979, pp 767–780.
Wait, J. R., and D. A. Hill, "Excitation of the Zenneck surface by a vertical aperture", Radio Science, 13, 1978, pp.
967–977.
Wait, J. R., "A note on surface waves and ground waves", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Nov 1965.
13, Issue 6, pg 996- 997 ISSN 0096-1973
Wait, J. R., "The ancient and modern history of EM ground-wave propagation".
IEEE Antennas Propagat.
Mag.,
40, pp.
7–24, Oct. 1998.
Wait, J. R., "Appendix C: On the theory of ground wave propagation over a slightly roughned curved earth", Electromagnetic Probing in Geophysics.
Boulder, CO.,
Golem, 1971, pp.
37–381.
Wait, J. R., "Electromagnetic surface waves", Advances in Radio Research, 1, New York, Academic Press, 1964, pp.
157–219.
L.A. Ostrovsky (ed.), "
Laboratory modeling and theoretical studies of surface wave modulation by a moving sphere", Environmental Technology Laboratory, U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Laboratories, 2002.
OCLC 50325097
Nausea is a general feeling of unease and discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit.
The word nausea comes from the Latin word for seasickness.
Nausea is a symptom, rather than an illness or disease.
The causes for it very often are not in the stomach itself, but somewhere else in the body.
Nausea is often caused by a stomach virus.
Nausea is usually harmless, in the short term.
A good treatment for it can be not to take solid food (and to only drink non-alcoholic drinks, like water).
Nausea can also occur during pregnancy, and is quite normal in that context.
People can suffer nausea without vomiting.
Anxiety is distress or uneasiness of mind caused by a fear of danger or misfortune.
Very often, people with anxiety also feel worries.
There can also be physical symptoms, like having a headache or an upset stomach.
Anxiety is a very common human emotion and is often associated with fear, panic, and the fight or flight response.
The amount of stress needed to cause anxiety will vary from person to person however, basics include: losing one's job, the death of a loved one, or an accident, to name a few.
In most people, anxiety will settle over time and one will return to normal state.
Some people suffer a lot of anxiety over a long period of time which controls them and makes their lives difficult.
These conditions are called anxiety disorders and can be treated by therapy and medicine.
Symptoms of anxiety attacks are things like; sweating, shaking and tremors, palpitations, shortness of breath, hyperventilating, racing heart beat, tingling in hands and feet, feeling of impending doom, feeling you are having a heart attack.
There are more, but these are the usual ones.
These symptoms, more or less, define anxiety but they can also be signs of other problems, so the first port of call has to be a doctor or other health care professional.
They will be able to define what the problem is exactly, and propose the appropriate treatment.
A doctor’s first line treatment is usually through drug-based medication; for example antidepressants, anti-anxiety tablets and beta blockers.
These can be very effective, but they all have side effects, some worse than others.
This can tend to put folks off continuing with them.
Note however, that many drugs that have been taken for a longer time, need to be stopped in a special way (usually, with the help of a doctor); simply stopping the drug can lead to withdrawal symptoms.
Other non-drug therapies are becoming popular such as; self-hypnosis, meditation, yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, counseling, acupuncture, etc.
These are therapies to help people ‘manage’ or ‘cope’ with their anxiety and / or anxiety attacks.
But what about the underlying cause(s) of anxiety?
The two treatment types above focus on either reducing the symptoms of anxiety, or, helping a person cope with their disorder.
They don’t seem to do anything about the underlying condition(s) that are causing the anxiety.
And the very ‘fear’ of another anxiety attack can bring one on.
As long as this irrational fear exists it’s very difficult to stop attacks and resolve the general anxiety.
Eliminating this fear can prevent further attacks and get rid of the general anxiety much more effectively.
Anxiety disorders are any sort of disorder caused by a major amount of anxiety.
There are many different disorders, each of which may be diagnosed by a trained professional.
Examples of such disorders are
Brain-based disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: is when someone is obsessed with intrusive (unwanted) thoughts that cause the person do to certain actions (compulsions) they don't want to do but feel forced to do it otherwise they feel like something bad will happen to them or the thoughts will not go away unless they respond to them by doing rituals.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: is when someone has a very hard time trying to get over a very scary event that happened to them in the past and when they think of it, causes them anxiety attacks.
For example, someone with PTSD has been in a car crash earlier in their lives and avoid driving or riding on cars and instead prefer to walk, take the train, or sometimes ride a bus to feel safe.
Fear of specific things
Fear of certain animals: Arachnophobia is the fear of spiders
Fear of certain situations: Agoraphobia is the fear of crowds (and of not being able to get away easily), Acrophobia is the fear of heights
Fear of bridges: Gephyrophobia is the fear of bridges which people who have it often driving on bridges, or if they are riding as a passenger, will be very anxious if the driver crosses them on a bridge.
Generalized ones, such as Post-traumatic stress disorder (which occurs in people who have often been exposed to stressful situations, such as wars).
There are many more that are not listed here.
See List of phobias for more.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder is excessive worry about many things.
Panic Disorder is when a person suffers from random panic attacks, it can often lead to agoraphobia.
Non-medical, religious treatments
A lumbar puncture (often called spinal tap, by non-doctors) is a medical method to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (fluid from the brain).
This can be done to analyse the sample, to find some hints to diseases.
It can also be done to lower the pressure of the fluid inside the skull.
ja:脳脊髄液#脳脊髄液を使った検査
Wave power means the use of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work—including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs).
It makes use of the kinetic energy of the waves that are driven by the wind.
Tests have shown that it is possible to produce energy from waves, particularly in Scotland in the UK.
But the technology is not as well developed as other renewable energy such as wind power or solar power.
Practical Ocean Energy Management Systems Inc Links and discussion
An Ocean Wave Energy Converter Using Rotors
Oceanography: waves
"Waves" by Tim Lovett  -- Tables and trivia on waves
Wave Energy  -- World Energy Council
Corvallis Gazette Times -- Oregon State University wants to host a national wave research center
Port Royal was a city in Jamaica.
It was the focus of trade in Jamaica in the 17th century.
It was known for its piracy, but also for the riches accumulated, and for the very bad moral values that could be found in the city.
An earthquake in June of 1692 largely destroyed the city.
Two thirds of the city sank into the Caribbean Sea.
Today, the city is covered by at least 8 metres of water.
The city is among the most important archaeological sites in the Ocean.
Its role as a center for trade was taken over by Spanish Town, Jamaica, and later by Kingston.
Settlements in Jamaica
The game uses a software feature called the "X-Ray engine".
It features an alternate reality theme, where the second nuclear disaster happens at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the near future and makes strange changes happen to the area around it, which create a lot of mutated animals, plants, and change the laws of Physics.
The game has a storyline that lets the player have a lot of freedom, and features gameplay features such as trading and two-way communication with NPCs.
The game includes features of role-playing and economic games.
Some phrases used in the game ("The Zone", "Stalker") as well as the idea of the game, are borrowed from the popular science fiction book Roadside Picnic by Boris and Arkady Strugatsky and the 1979 film Stalker, based on the book.
GSC Game World talked about the game's AI in January 2005.
IGN said that the game, while similar to Far Cry, will have more wildlife, and that the way animals act in the game is as important to them as the humans.
The animals anger will vary with how hungry and tired they are, as well as other things.
So, the game will have some idea of fight or flight to it.
In the game, the player is known as "The Marked One" who is a Stalker, a person who lives in the Zone and makes a living collecting "Artifacts" and selling them.
The Zone has a lot of danger in it.
The type of game is a mix of a RPG and a FPS, though the player does not get attributes like Strength of Constitution, or get more powerful, which is different from a normal computer RPG.
The role-playing part is mainly about normal RPG elements, such as storyline and the way other people in the game act with the player.
But, the game does not let the player have a lot of choice when it comes to talking to characters in the game.
Unlike RPGs such as Knights of the Old Republic, the number of different conversations the player can have with NPCs in the game is quite small and does not change the way that the game will end for the player a lot.
The Zone is made up of a 30 km square area, that has wilderness, human camps, and a few heavily-guarded military bases.
But, the game world is not one big world, but is a lot of smaller maps broken up by loading screens.
Moving from one area of the Zone to another can only happen at certain passageways; a white fence border stops players from trying to cross the map in any other area.
The game does not have vehicles that the player can drive.
The player does have a fast sprint, but he or she cannot sprint without stopping, and the player can not fire weapons while sprinting
S.T.A.L.K.E.R. uses "realistic" bullet physics, that is, the way that the bullets move is like how a bullet would move in real life.
The bullet physics are similar to tactical shooters such as Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter or Call of Duty 2.
Bullets are affected by gravity, and weapons are highly inaccurate when fired "from the hip".
To be sure of hitting the enemy at long range, players must aim using the iron sights on their guns.
Also, bullets do "realistic" damage, and the player can die after only being shot a few times (but to make up for this, later in the game the player can get different armor suits that increase the amount the player can be shot before dying).
"Artifacts" are the product of 'anomalies', which occur randomly throughout the game.
Anomalies are normally a few metres across, these areas are dangerous to enter and can instantly kill the player or cause serious injury.