the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Nevertheless, he still criticised Tchaikovsky’s First Piano Concerto.
He said he would not play it until Tchaikovsky had changed it.
Tchaikovsky refused to change it.
Years later Nikolai decided he liked it after all.
Although Nikolai wanted to be a successful composer he was aware that he was not a great one.
When asked why he did not compose more he once replied that his brother “composed enough music for three”.
Nikolai died in Paris while on his way to Nice where he had wanted to improve his health.
He always liked his food and on his deathbed he ate twelve oysters.
Tchaikovsky wrote his Piano Trio in A minor in Rubinstein's memory.
Among his most popular works are his Tarantella in G minor and the Fantasia on a Theme by Schumann, both for piano solo.
The Okinawan language (沖縄口, Uchināguchi) is a Ryukyuan language that is spoken in the Okinawa Islands of Japan.
Most linguists say that it branched off from Proto-Japonic, which is the ancestor of Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages.
The Japanese government says Okinawan is a dialect of Japanese because of politics.
When a group of people called the Yayoi came into the Ryukyu Islands, they brought over a language called Proto-Japonic.
This language over time turned into the modern Ryukyuan languages.
Proto-Japonic was also spoken in mainland Japan, which turned into Japanese, meaning Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages are related/have the same origin.
Okinawan and other Ryukyuan languages were discriminated by Japan during the Meiji period, making the number of speakers go down.
Before that, Okinawan was the official language of the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Okinawan belongs to the Ryukyuan languages.
It is in the northern group with both Kunigami and Amami.
Sometimes, Kunigami is listed as a dialect of Okinawan but that view is rare.
Most older Okinawans speak Okinawan while younger Okinawans speak Japanese.
This is why UNESCO lists Okinawan and the other Ryukyuan languages as “endangered”, meaning it’s possible for the language to die out in the future.
Sound Changes (Japanese vs. Okinawan)
Similar sound changes are in other Ryukyuan languages.
Kunigami also uses “u” instead of Japanese “o”.
Mensooree () - Welcome, Hello (when receiving)
Hai (はい) - Hello (gender neutral)
Haisai () - Hello (male only)
Haitai () - Hello (female only)
Ganjyuu () - Fine health (in greeting)
Uchinaaguchi () - Okinawan language
Uchinaanchu (沖縄人/うちなーんちゅ) - Okinawan person
Yamatunchu () - Japanese person
Yuntaku ()  - Talking
Waa () - Informal me or I
Wan () - Formal me or I
Iyaa () - Informal You
Unjyoo () - Formal you
Un, uu () - Yes
Aibiran () - No
Furaa () - Foolish
Yinagu () - Woman
Yikiga () - Man
Warabaa, Warabi () - Children
Uya () - Parents
Kwa () - A child ( as opposed to Parents)
Niisee () - A young man
Boujya () - A baby
In () - A dog
In-gwa () - Puppy
Mayaa () - A cat
Mayaa-gwa () - Kitty
Hiijyaa (ひーじゃー) - A goat
Uchinaa (うちなー) - Okinawa
Yamatu (やまとっ) - Japan
Too (とー) - China
Chooshin (ちょーしん) - Korea
Uranda (うらんだ) - Europe
Imbolc is a festival belonging to Brigid, the Celtic goddess who, in later times, became famous as a Christian saint.
At first, her festival on February 1 was known as "Imbolc" or "Oimelc", two Gaelic names which refer to the lactation of the ewes.
Lactation is the flow of milk that happens when the baby lambs are born in the spring, and Gaelic languages are those spoken in countries like Ireland and Scotland.
Imbolc was, and still is, a time to celebrate that winter would soon be over.
Sometimes in Ireland, the first flowers are coming up at the time of this festival, even when there is still snow on the ground.
Later, the Roman Catholic Church replaced this festival with Candlemas Day on February 2, a day that now belongs to the Virgin Mary.
On this day, people may have ceremonies or processions  by candlelight - walking together in the dark, with the only light coming from candles they carry.
The may also sing songs to Brigid, or say poems or prayers to her.
Festivals in the United Kingdom
A baseball is a ball used in the sport of the same name, baseball.
It is between 9 inches (22.9 cm) and 9¼ inches (23.5 cm) in circumference (around).
The ball weighs 8 ounces.
Different size balls may be used in children's leagues.
The balls can be made in many different, but similar ways.
The center of most balls is cork, rubber, or a mixture of the two.
It is sometimes layered.
Yarn and twine and sometimes wool are wrapped around the center core.
A leather cover is put on, in two pieces, and stitched together using 108 stitches of waxed red cotton thread.
Official Major League balls sold by Rawlings are made to the exact MLB specifications (5 ounces, 108 stitches).
Baseball equipment
Pitcher, a position in the game of baseball
Pitcher (container), a container used to hold liquids
Pitcher plant, a plant with a section shaped like a pitcher (container)
The Battle of Worcester was the final battle of the English Civil War.
Oliver Cromwell and the Parliamentarians defeated the Royalist, mainly Scottish, forces of King Charles II on September 3, 1651 at Worcester, England.
The 16,000 Royalist forces were defeated by the 28,000 strong "New Model Army" of Cromwell.
Battleground pictures
Worcestershire CC: Historic Environment and Archaeology Service: The Battle of Worcester
http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1651-worcester.htm
http://www.clangarra.com/battle%20-%20worcester.htm
James Marsters (born August 20, 1962) is an American guitarist, singer, and actor.
His is best known for playing the part of Spike on Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
James Marsters Official Site
Emma Caulfield (born Emma Chukker in San Diego, California on April 8, 1973) is an American actress.
She is best known for her role as ex-demon Anya on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
In her mother's footsteps (2006) (Television movie)
Bandwagon  (2004)
I Want To Marry Ryan Banks  (2004)
Darkness Falls (2003)
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series) (1999–2003)
General Hospital (TV series) (1996–1997)
Michelle Christine Trachtenberg (born October 11, 1985) is an American television and movie actress.
She is best known for her role as Dawn Summers from the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Trachtenberg was born in New York City, New York.
She is of Russian Jewish descent on her mother's side of the family.
Trachtenberg has been acting since 1988 at the age of four.
She has acted in several television shows and many movies.
Trachtenberg, Michelle
Summer Glau (born July 24, 1981 in San Antonio, Texas) is an American dancer and actress.
She is best known for playing as River Tam in the science fiction television series Firefly and movie Serenity.
In February 2007, it was announced that Glau would be playing a role of Cameron Phillips in The Sarah Connor Chronicles, a spin-off of the Terminator series of movies.
This character is a Terminator infiltration unit sent back to protect John Connor and Sarah Connor from Skynet.
Summer Glau has been in a relationship with Cooper Gross.
She is currently married to Val Morrison and has two children.
Fansite - Summer Glau Wiki
Actors from San Antonio, Texas
In anthropology, bands are the tiniest societies, consisting typically of 5-80 people, most or all of them close relatives by birth or by marriage.
In effect, a band is an extended family or several related extended families.
Today, autonomous bands are almost confined to the most remote parts of New Guinea and Amazonia, but there were many others that have only recently fallen under state control or been assimilated or exterminated.
They include many or most African Pygmies, southern African San hunter-gatherers (so-called Bushmen), Aboriginal Australians, Eskimos (Inuit), and Native Americans of some resource-poor areas of the Americas such as Tierra del Fuego and the northern boreal forests; all these modern bands are or were nomadic hunter-gatherers rather than settled food producers.
Until at least 40,000 years ago, probably all humans lived in bands, and most still did as recently as 11,000 years ago.
Bands have no permanent single base of residence, instead land is used jointly by the whole group, as opposed to being partitioned among subgroups or individuals.
There is no regular economic specialization, except by age and sex: all able-bodied individuals forage for food.
There are no formal institutions, such as laws, police, and treaties, to resolve conflicts within and between bands.
Organization is often described as "egalitarian" in the sense that there is no formalized social stratification into upper and lower classes, no formalized or hereditary leadership, and no formalized monopolies of information and decision making.
However, this definition of egalitarian should not be taken to mean that there is equality in prestige and the decision-making process among band members.
Instead "leadership" should be thought of as informal and acquired through qualities such as personality, strength, intelligence, and fighting skills.
Our closest biological relatives, the gorillas and chimpanzees and bonobos of Africa, also live in bands.
All humans presumably did so too, until improved technology for extracting food allowed some hunter-gatherers to settle in permanent dwellings in some resource-rich areas.
The band is the political, economic, and social organization that we inherited from our millions of years of evolutionary history.
Our developments beyond it took place within the last few tens of thousands of years.
Infertile means not able to have children or other offspring.
Humans can be infertile, but animals and plants can too.
When a human couple is infertile, they sometimes have fertility treatment to have children.
This can be insemination or IVF.
They also sometimes adopt a child.
SexInfo's Assisted Reproductive Technology  This article discusses Artificial Insemination, In Vitro Fertilization, and other options for couples who are having trouble conceiving.
Types of Infertility
Male Infertility
Female Infertility
Betrayal, a form of deception
Betrayal, a Star Wars novel
Betrayal, a Dragonlance novel by Jean Rabe.
Betrayal (play), a play written by Harold Pinter in 1978
Western betrayal, a popular term in several Central European nations
The Great Betrayal, an autobiography written by Ian Smith
Betrayal of the Left, a book of essays published in early 1941 by the Left Book Club
Betrayal at Krondor, a DOS computer role-playing game developed by Dynamix
"The Betrayal", an episode of the television series Seinfeld
"Betrayal (movie)", a movie from 2003 with Erika Eleniak, Adam Baldwin and Julie Du Page.
In an article made by Rodger L. Jackson, it says that "there is not much definition for this word".
In psychology, they say betrayal is the breaking of a social (friendship) related things.
But for some people, for example, philosophers called Judith Shklar and Peter Johnson, a person can understand the word better by literature (writings).
Betrayal trauma
Betrayal trauma happens when someone that a person trusts betrays their trust, and it messes up their memory because of anger.
An example of betrayal trauma is childhood physical or childhood problems.
Betrayal trauma is similar to post traumatic stress disorder.
The difference is that post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is made by fear.
Betrayal trauma makes a person fight, and also get into serious crimes for example, discrimination or bullying.
The act of destroying something.
Slighting, the act of damaging an important building
Destruction (band), a German thrash metal band
Destruction (DC Comics), one of the Endless in Neil Gaiman's comic book series The Sandman
Destruction Bay, Yukon, Canada
a magic art in the computer role-playing game series The Elder Scrolls
Appetite for Destruction, the breakthrough debut album of rock n' roll band Guns N' Roses
A crane is a lifting machine that has hoists, wire ropes and sheaves on it.
It can be used both to raise and lower things or to move them left and right.
Cranes are often used in the construction industry (building houses or buildings) and in creating or moving heavy things.
Knots, hitches and bends
VRML Simulation of an Excavator, Tower Crane, and Dumptruck
Data mining is a term from computer science.
Sometimes it is also called knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
Data mining is about finding new information in a lot of data.
The information obtained from data mining is hopefully both new and useful.
In many cases, data is stored so it can be used later.
The data is saved with a goal.
For example, a store wants to save what has been bought.
They want to do this to know how much they should buy themselves, to have enough to sell later.
Saving this information, makes a lot of data.
The data is usually saved in a database.
The reason why data is saved is called the first use.
Later, the same data can also be used to get other information that was not needed for the first use.
The store might want to know now what kind of things people buy together when they buy at the store. (
Many people who buy pasta also buy mushrooms for example.)
That kind of information is in the data, and is useful, but was not the reason why the data was saved.
This information is new and can be useful.
It is a second use for the same data.
Different kinds of data mining
For data, there a lot of different kinds of data mining for getting new information.
Usually, prediction is involved.
There is uncertainty in the predicted results.
The following is based on the observation that there is a small green apple in which we can adjust our data in structural manner.
Some of the kinds of data mining are:
Pattern recognition (Trying to find similarities in the rows in the database, in the form of rules.
Small -> green. (
Small apples are often green))
Using a Bayesian network (Trying to make something that can say how the different data attributes are connected/influence each other.
The size and the colour are related.
So if you know something about the size, you can guess the colour.)
Using a Neural network (Trying to make a model like a brain, which is hard to understand, but a computer can tell that if the apple is green it has a higher chance to be sour, if we tell the computer the apple is green.
So this is like a black box model, we do not know how it works, but it works.)
Using Classification tree (With all other knowledge trying to say what one other thing about the thing we are looking at will be.
Here is an apple with a size, a colour and shininess, what will it taste like?)
The late Kamakura period is often referred to as the greatest period of sword making in Japanese history.
The Soshu tradition was one of the dominant traditions.
Smiths like Kunitsuna and Sukezane combined their knowledge with methods from Yamashiro and Bizen traditions.
Finally, a group of famous sword smiths culminated with Masamune (1264-1343 AD) and his school.
Types of Sword
The rare swords were made out of five separate pieces and heat-treated at high temperatures.
The swords of the Masamune School were harder than any of the swords made before.
Masamune trained a group of at least ten followers.
Two of his students (Kanemitsu and Nagayoshi) were from the Bizen province.
In this way, during the early 14th century, the Masamune school attracted many smiths from other schools.
Kanemitsu is believed to be the one who created the Soden School, which combined Bizen and Soshu techniques.
At the same time Chogi was developing his school.
The Chogi works show a stronger influence of the Soshu tradition than Kanemitsu swords.
The division by regions
Yamato-Den – Derived from five big schools attached to different temples.
Bizen-Den – Considered the starting point for the manufacturing of the traditional Japanese sword.
Yamashiro-Den - Started in late Heian period.
Thin and slender blades.
Soshu-Den - Started in late Kamakura period under the effect of Kamakura Shogunate.
Mino-Den – The youngest of the five traditions.
The divisions by people
Nagayoshi made better products by using the best ideas from both the Bizen and Soshu schools.
He was successful because of the softer Bizen steel which is made at higher temperatures than that of the Soshu school used to be.
Kaneuji I - it is believed that he created the Mino school in the Shizuyama region.
In his creation of swords he used the Shoshu style and added his own methods.
Later his tradition was known as the Shizu school.
Kanemichi I - he founded the Mishina school in Mino province.
His swords were appreciated for their quality and sharpness.
He was so famous that he received the honorable title of Mitsu-(no)-Kami.
Emperor Gotoba (1184 to 1198 A.D), the 82nd Emperor of Japan was one of the best known sword makers.
Miyairi Akihira School is a continuation of Soshu tradition.
In 1953 he obtained a sword-making license.
Then, in 1973, he changed his name to Yukihira and his school was named after him.
His school was based on Soshu-den and Shizu Kaneuji traditions.
Japanese legendary sword
Sword schools
An ornamental plant is decorative: it is grown for how it looks, and not for other values.
The term is often shortened to ornamental, used as a noun
Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decoration.
They are on display in gardens, landscapes and inside houses.
They can be used indoors as cut flowers or potted plants.
The cultivation of ornamental plants comes under floriculture and tree nurseries, which is a major branch of horticulture.
Ornamental plants are usually grown in the flower garden, or as house plants.
They are usually grown for the display of their flowers.
Other common ornamental features include leaves, scent, fruit, stem and bark.
In all cases, their purpose is for the enjoyment of gardeners and visitors.
Ornamental plants may be used for landscaping, and for cut flowers.
The cultivation, called floriculture, is a major branch of horticulture.
Ornamental plants come in a range of shapes, sizes and colours suitable to a broad array of climates, landscapes, and gardening needs.
They are also often chosen for specialised looks or feels in landscape gardening.
Darwin was deeply interested in plants all his life.
Several of his books are on plant physiology, and orchids were a passion for him.
Outstanding gardens can be an attraction for visitors.
The white garden at Sissinghurst Castle was created by poet and writer Vita Sackville-West (18921962), and is still bringing in the paying visitors.
Abelia
Abeliophyllum (white forsythia)
Abelmoschus (okra)
Abies (fir)
Abromeitiella (obsolete)
Abronia (sand verbena)
Acacia (wattle)
Acanthus
Acca
Acer (maple)
Achillea (yarrow)
Achimenantha (hybrid genus)
Acinos (calamint)
Aciphylla
Acmena
Acoelorraphe (saw palm)
Acokanthera
Aconitum (aconite, monkshood)
Acorus
Acrocomia
Actaea (baneberry)
Actinidia (kiwifruit)
Adansonia
Adenia
Adenium
Adenocarpus
Adenophora
Adenostoma
Adiantum (maidenhair fern)
Adlumia
Adromischus
Aechmea
Aegopodium
Aerangis (an orchid genus)
Aerides (an orchid genus)
Aeschynanthus
Aesculus (buckeye, horse-chestnut)
Aethionema
Agapetes
Ageratum
Agonis
Agrostemma (corn cockle)
Agrostis
Aichryson
Ailanthus
Aiphanes
Aira (hair grass)
Ajania
Ajuga (bugleweed)
Akebia
Alangium
Albizia (silk tree)
Albuca
Alcea (hollyhock)
Alchemilla
Aleurites
Aliceara (hybrid genus)
Alisma (water plantain)
Alkanna
Allium (onion)
Alluaudia
Alnus (alder)
Alocasia
Aloinopsis
Alopecurus (foxtail grass)
Aloysia(lemon verbena)
Alpinia (ginger lily)
Alsobia
Alternanthera
Alyogyne
Alyssum
Amarcrinum (hybrid genus)
Amarygia (hybrid genus)
Amberboa
Amelanchier
Amesiella
Amherstia
Amicia
Ammi
Ammobium
Amorpha
Amorphophallus
Ampelopsis
Amsonia
Anacampseros
Anacyclus
Anagallis (pimpernel)
Ananas (pineapple)
Anchusa
Andropogon
Androsace
Anemone (windflower)
Anemonella
Anemonopsis
Anemopaegma
Anethum (dill)
Angelonia
Angophora
Angraecum (an orchid genus)
Anguloa (an orchid genus)
Angulocaste (hybrid genus)
Anigozanthos
Anicacanthus
Anoda
Anomatheca
Anopterus
Anredera
Antennaria
Anthemis
Anthericum
Anthriscus
Anthyllis
Antigonon
Antirrhinum (snapdragon)
Aphyllanthes
Aponogeton
Aporocactus
Aporoheliocereus (hybrid genus)
Aptenia
Aquilegia (columbine)
Arabis (rock cress)
Arachnis (scorpion orchid)
Araeococcus
Aralia
Araucaria (monkey-puzzle)
Araujia
Arbutus (madrone)
Archontophoenix (king palm)
Arctostaphylos (bearberry, manzanita)
Arctotheca
Arctotis (African daisy)
Ardisia
Areca
Arenaria (sandwort)
Arenga
Argemone (prickly poppy)
Argyranthemum
Argyreia
Argyroderma
Ariocarpus
Arisaema
Arisarum
Aristea
Armoracia
Arnebia
Aronia (chokeberry)
Arrabidaea
Arrhenatherum (oat grass)
Artemisia (mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood)
Arthropodium
Arum
Aruncus
Arundinaria
Arundo
Asarina
Asarum (wild ginger)
Asclepias (milkweed, silkweed)
Ascocenda (hybrid genus) (an orchid genus)
Asimina
Asperula (woodruff)
Asphodeline
Asphodelus (asphodel)
Aspidistra
Asplenium
Astelia
Asteranthera
Astilbe
Astilboides
Astragalus (milk vetch)
Astrantia
Atherosperma
Athrotaxis
Athyrium
Atriplex
Aubrieta
Aucuba
Aurinia
Austrocedrus
Azara
Azolla
Azorella
Azorina
Aztekium
Baccharis
Backhousia
Backopa (water hyssop)
Baeckea
Balsamorhiza (balsam root)
Bambusa (bamboo)
Baptisia
Barbarea (Yellow rocket or winter cress)
Barkeria (an orchid genus)
Barleria
Bassia
Bauera
Beaucarnea
Beaufortia
Beaumontia
Belancanda
Bellevalia
Bellis (daisy)
Bellium
Berberidopsis
Berberis (barberry)
Berchemia
Bergenia
Bergerocactus
Berkheya
Berlandiera
Bertolonia
Beschorneria
Bessera
Beta (beet)
Betula (birch)
Biarum
Bidens
Bignonia
Billardiera
Billbergia
Bixa
Blandfordia
Blechnum (hard fern)
Bletilla (an orchid genus)
Bloomeria
Blossfeldia
Boenninghausenia
Bolax
Bolbitis
Bollea
Boltonia
Bolusanthus
Bomarea
Bombax
Bongardia
Borago
Borassus
Boronia
Bothriochloa
Bouteloua
Bouvardia
Bowenia
Bowiea
Brachyglottis
Brachyscome
Brachysema
Brachystelma
Bracteantha
Brahea (Hesper palm)
Brassavola (an orchid genus)
Brassia (an orchid genus)
Brassica (mustard, cabbage)
Brassocattleya (hybrid orchids)
Brassolaeliocattleya (trigeneric hybrid orchids)
Breynia
Briggsia
Brimeura
Briza (quaking grass)
Brodiaea
Broughtonia
Broussonetia
Browallia
Brownea
Browningia
Bruckenthalia
Brunfelsia
Brunnera
Brunsvigia
Buglossoides
Bulbine
Bulbinella
Bulbocodium
Bulbophyllum (an orchid genus)
Buphthalmum
Bupleurum
Burchardia
Burchellia
Bursera
Butea
Butia
Butomus
Buxus (boxwood)
Cabomba
Caesalpinia
Caladium
Calamagrostis (reed grass, smallweed)
Calamintha (calamint)
Calandrinia
Calanthe
Calathea
Calceolaria (slipperwort)
Calendula (marigold)
Calibanus
Calliandra
Callianthemum
Callicarpa (beautyberry)
Callirhoe (poppy mallow)
Callisia
Callistemon (bottlebrush)
Callistephus (Chinese aster)
Callitriche (water starwort)
Calltris
Calluna (heather)
Calocedrus (incense-cedar)
Calochone
Calochortus
Calomeria
Caloscordum
Calothamnus
Caltha (kingcup, marsh marigold)
Calycanthus
Calymmanthium
Calypso (an orchid genus)
Calytrix (starflower)
Camassia (quamash)
Campanula (bellflower)
Campsis (trumpet vine)
Campylotropsis
Canarina
Canistrum
Cantua
Capsicum (pepper)
Caragana (peashrub)
Caralluma
Cardamine (bittercress)
Cardiocrinum
Cardiospermum
Carex (sedge)
Carludovica
Carmichaelia
Carnegiea (saguaro)
Carpentaria
Carpenteria
Carpinus (hornbeam)
Carpobrotus
Carthamus (safflower)
Carum (caraway)
Carya (hickory, pecan)
Caryopteris
Caryota (fishtail palm)
Cassinia
Castanea (chestnut)
Castanopsis
Castanospermum
Catananche
Catasetum (an orchid genus)
Catharanthus (Madagascar Periwinkle)
Catopsis
Cattleya (an orchid genus)
Caulophyllum
Cautleya
Cavendishia
Ceanothus (California-lilac)
Cedronella
Cedrus (cedar)
Ceiba (Kapok)
Celastrus (staff-vine)
Celmisia (New Zealand daisy)
Celosia (cockscomb)
Celtis (hackberry)
Centaurium
Centradenia
Centranthus (valerian)
Cephalaria
Cephalocereus
Cephalophyllum
Cephalotaxus (plum-yew)
Ceraria
Cerastium
Ceratopetalum
Ceratopteris
Ceratostigma
Ceratozamia
Cercidiphyllum
Cercis
Cercocarpus
Ceropegia
Cestrum
Chaenomeles (flowering quince)
Chaenorhinum (dwarf snapdragon)
Chaerophyllum
Chamaecyparis (cypress)
Chamaecytisus
Chamaedaphne
Chamaedorea
Chamaelirium
Chamaemelum (chamomile)
Chamelaucium
Chasmanthium
Cheilanthes
Cheiridopsis
Chelidonium
Chelone (turtlehead)
Chiastophyllum
Chiliotrichum
Chilopsis (desert willow)
Chimaphila
Chimonanthus (wintersweet)
Chimonobambusa
Chionanthus (fringe tree)
Chionochloa
Chionodoxa (glory of the snow)
Chionoscilla (hybrid genus)
Chirita
Chlidanthus
Choisya
Chorisia
Chorizema
Chrysalidocarpus
Chrysogonum
Chrysolepis
Chrysosplenium
Chrysothemis
Cibotium
Cicerbita
Cichorium (chicory, endive)
Cimicifuga (bugbane)
Cionura
Cissus
Cistus (rockrose, sun rose)
Citrofortunella (hybrid genus)
Citrus (lime, lemon)
Cladanthus
Cladrastis
Clarkia
Claytonia
Cleistocactus
Cleome (spider flower)
Clerodendrum
Clethra (summersweet)
Cleyera
Clianthus
Clintonia
Clitoria
Clivia
Clusia
Clytostoma
Cobaea
Coccoloba (sea grape)
Coccothrinax (thatch palm)
Cocculus
Cochlioda
Cocos (coconut)
Codiaeum (croton)
Codonanthe
Codonopsis
Coelia
Coelogyne (an orchid genus)
Coix
Colchicum (autumn crocus, meadow saffron)
Coleonema
Colletia
Collinsia
Collomia
Colocasia (taro)
Colquhounia
Columnea
Colutea (bladder senna)
Coluteocarpus
Colvillea
Combretum
Commelina (day flower, spiderwort)
Comptonia
Conandron
Congea
Conicosia
Coniogramme
Conophytum
Consolida (larkspur)
Convallaria (lily-of-the-valley)
Convolvulus (bindweed, morning glory)
Copernicia (wax palm)
Copiapoa
Coprosma
Coptis (goldthread)
Cordia
Cordyline
Coreopsis (tickseed)
Coriandrum (coriander cilantro)
Cornus (dogwood)
Corokia
Coronilla
Correa
Corryocactus
Cortaderia (pampas grass, tussock grass)
Cortusa
Corydalis
Corylopsis (winter-hazel)
Corylus (hazel, filbert)
Corynocarpus
Corypha
Coryphantha
Costus
Cotinus (smoke tree)
Cotoneaster
Cotula
Crambe
Craspedia
Crassula
Crataegus (hawthorn)
Crepis
Crinodendron
Crossandra
Crotalaria (rattlebox)
Crowea
Cryptanthus
Cryptbergia (hybrid genus)
Cryptocoryne (water trumpet)
Cryptomeria (Sugi)
Ctenanthe
Cunila
Cunninghamia (China-fir)
Cunonia
Cuphea
Cupressus (cypress)
Curcuma
Cyananthus
Cyanotis
Cyathea (tree fern)
Cyathodes
Cybistax
Cycas (cycad, sago "palm")
Cycnoches
Cydonia (quince)
Cymbalaria (Ivy-leaved toadflax)
Cymbidium (an orchid genus)
Cynoglossum
Cypella
Cyperus
Cyphomandra (tree tomato)
Cyphostemma
Cypripedium (an orchid genus)
Cyrilla
Cyrtanthus
Cyrtomium
Cyrtostachys
Cystopteris (bladder fern)
Cytisus (broom)
Daboecia
Dacrydium
Dactylis
Dactylorhiza (marsh orchid)
Dais
Dalea (indigo bush)
Damasonium
Dampiera
Daphniphyllum
Darmera
Darwinia (scent myrtle)
Dasylirion
Davallia
Davidia
Decaisnea
Decarya
Decumaria
Deinanthe
Delonix
Delosperma
Dendranthema
Dendrobium (an orchid genus)
Dendrocalamus
Dendrochilum
Dendromecon (tree poppy)
Denmoza
Dennstaedtia
Deschampsia (hair grass)
Desfontainia
Desmodium
Deutzia
Dianella (flax lily)
Dianthus (carnation, pink, Sweet William)
Diascia
Dicentra (bleeding heart)
Dichelostemma
Dichondra
Dichorisandra
Dicksonia
Dicliptera
Dictamnus
Dictyosperma (princess palm)
Didymochlaena
Dierama
Diervilla (bush honeysuckle)
Dietes
Digitalis (foxglove)
Dillenia
Dillwynia
Dimorphotheca (African daisy)
Dionaea (Venus flytrap)
Dionysia
Dioon
Dioscorea (yam)
Dipcadi
Dipelta
Diphylleia
Diplarrhena
Diplazium
Diplocyclos
Dipsacus (teasel)
Dipteronia
Dirca
Disa (an orchid genus)
Disanthus
Discaria
Dischidia
Discocactus
Disocactus
Disporopsis
Disporum (fairy bells)
Distictis
Distylium
Docynia
Dodecatheon (shooting stars)
Dodonaea
Dombeya
Doodia
Doronicum
Dorotheanthus (ice plant)
Dorstenia
Doryanthes (spear lily)
Doryopteris
Draba
Dracocephalum
Dracula (an orchid genus)
Dracunculus (Snake Lily, Dragon Arum)
Dregea
Drimys
Drosanthemum
Drosera (sundew)
Dryandra
Dryas
Drynaria
Dryopteris (buckler fern)
Duchesnea
Dudleya
Duvalia
Dyckia
Ebracteola
Ecballium
Eccremocarpus
Echeveria
Echidnopsis
Echinacea (coneflower)
Echinocactus
Echinops (globe thistle)
Echium
Edgeworthia
Edithcolea
Edraianthus
Ehretia
Eichhornia (water hyacinth)
Elaeagnus
Elaeis (oil palm)
Elaeocarpus
Elatostema
Eleocharis (spike rush)
Elettaria
Eleutherococcus
Elodea (pondweed)
Elsholtzia
Elymus (wild rye)
Embothrium
Emilia (tassel flower)
Emmenopterys
Encelia
Encephalartos (Kaffir bread)
Encyclia (an orchid genus)
Enkianthus
Eomecon (snow poppy)
Ephedra (ephedra)
Epidendrum (an orchid genus)
Epigaea
Epimedium (barrenwort)
Epipactis (helleborine,  an orchid genus)
Epiphyllum (orchid cactus)
Episcia (flame violet)
Equisetum (horsetail)
Eragrostis (love grass)
Eranthemum
Eranthis (winter aconite)
Eremophila (emu bush)
Eremurus
Erica (heath, heather)
Erigeron (fleabane)
Erinacea
Erinus
Eriobotrya
Eriogonum
Eriophorum (cotton grass)
Eriophyllum
Eriostemon (waxflower)
Eritrichium
Erodium
Eryngium (eryngo, sea holly)
Erysimum (wallflower)
Erythrina (coral tree)
Erythronium
Escallonia
Eschscholzia (California poppy)
Escobaria
Espostoa
Etlingera
Eucalyptus (Gum tree, ironbark)
Eucharis
Eucomis
Eucommia
Eucryphia
Eulophia (an orchid genus)
Euonymus
Eupatorium
Euphorbia (spurge)
Euptelea
Eurya
Euryops
Eustoma
Evolvulus
Exacum
Exochorda
Fagus (beech)
Fallopia
Farfugium
Fargesia
Fascicularia
Fatshederae (hybrid genus)
Felicia (blue daisy)
Fendlera
Fenestraria
Ferocactus
Ferraria
Ferula (giant fennel)
Festuca (fescue)
Fibigia
Ficus (fig)
Firmiana
Fittonia
Fitzroya
Fockea
Foeniculum (fennel)
Fontanesia
Fortunella (kumquat)
Fothergilla
Fouquieria
Fragaria (strawberry)
Frailea
Francoa
Franklinia
Fraxinus (ash)
Fremontodendron
Fritillaria (fritillary)
Furcraea
Gagea
Galanthus (snowdrop)
Galax
Galega
Galium (bedstraw)
Galtonia
Garrya
Gasteria
Gaura
Gaylussacia (huckleberry)
Gelsemium
Genista
Gentiana (gentian)
Gentianopsis
Geranium (cranesbill, not same as Pelargonium)
Gesneria
Geum (avens)
Gevuina
Gibbaeum
Gillenia
Glaucidium
Glaucium
Gleditsia (honey locust)
Globba
Globularia (globe daisy)
Glottiphyllum
Gloxinia
Glyceria
Gomphocarpus
Gomphrena
Goniolimon
Goodyera (jewel orchid)
Gordonia
Graptopetalum
Graptophyllum
Graptoveria (hybrid genus)
Grewia
Greyia
Grindelia
Griselina
Gunnera (dinosaur food)
Guzmania
Gymnocarpium
Gymnocladus
Gynandriris
Gynura
Gypsophila
Haageocereus
Haastia
Habenaria (an orchid genus)
Haberlea
Habranthus
Hacquetia
Haemanthus (blood lily)
Hakonechloa
Halesia (silverbell)
Halimiocistus (hybrid genus)
Halimium
Halimodendron
Hamamelis (witch-hazel)
Haplopappus
Hardenbergia (coral pea)
Harrisia
Hatiora
Haworthia
Hechtia
Hedera (ivy)
Hedychium
Hedyotis (bluets)
Hedysarum
Hedyscepe (umbrella palm)
Helenium (sneezeweed)
Helianthemum (rock rose)
Helianthus (sunflower)
Helictotrichon
Heliocereus
Heliophila
Heliopsis (ox eye)
Heliotropium (heliotrope)
Helleborus (hellebore)
Heloniopsis
Hemerocallis (daylily)
Hemigraphis
Hepatica
Heptacodium
Heracleum
Herbertia
Hereroa
Hermannia
Hermodactylus
Hesperaloe
Heterocentron
Heterotheca
Heuchera (coral flower)
Heucherella (hybrid genus)
Hibbertia
Hibiscus (hibiscus, rose of Sharon)
Hieracium (hawkweed)
Himalayacalamus
Hippeastrum (amaryllis)
Hippocrepis
Hippophae
Hohenbergia
Hohenbergiopsis
Hoheria
Holboellia
Holcus
Holmskioldia
Holodiscus
Homalocladium (ribbon bush)
Homeria
Hoodia
Hordeum (barley)
Horminum
Hosta (plantain lily)
Hottonia
Houttuynia
Hovea
Hovenia
Howea (sentry palm)
Hoya (wax flower)
Huernia
Humulus (hops)
Hummemannia
Huntleya
Hyacinthella
Hyacinthoides
Hyacinthus (hyacinth)
Hydrastis (goldenseal)
Hydrocharis (frogbit)
Hydrocleys
Hydrocotyle (pennywort)
Hygrophila
Hylocereus
Hylomecon
Hymenosporum
Hyophorbe (bottle palm)
Hyoscyamus (henbane)
Hypericum (St. John's wort, rose of SharonTutsan)
Hyphaene (doum palm)
Hypocalymma
Hypoestes
Hypoxis (starflower)
Hypsela
Hyssopus (hyssop)
Iberis (candytuft)
Ibervillea
Idesia
Ilex (holly)
Illicium
Impatiens (balsam)
Imperata
Incarvillea
Inula
Iochroma
Ipheion
Ipomoea (morning glory)
Ipomopsis
Iresine
Isatis
Isoplexis
Isopyrum
Itea
Ixia (corn lily)
Ixiolirion
Jaborosa
Jacquemontia
Jamesia
Jancaea
Jasione
Jasminum (jasmine, jessamine)
Jatropha
Jeffersonia
Jovellana
Jovibarba
Juanulloa
Jubaea (Chilean wine palm)
Juglans (walnut)
Juncus (rush)
Juniperus (juniper)
Justicia K
Kaempferia
Kalanchoe
Kalimeris
Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Kalmiopsis
Kelseya
Kerria
Kigelia (sausage tree)
Kitaibela
Kleinia
Knautia
Knightia
Kniphofia
Koeleria
Koelreuteria (golden rain tree)
Kohleria
Kolkwitzia (beautybush)
Kunzea
Lablab
+Laburnocytisus
Laburnum (laburnum)
Laccospadix
Lachenalia (Cape cowslip)
Laelia (an orchid genus)
Laeliocattleya (hybrid orchid genus)
Lagarosiphon
Legenophora
Lagerstroemia(crepe myrtle)
Lagurus
Lamarckia
Lambertia
Lamium (deadnettle)
Lampranthus
Lantana (shrub verbena)
Lapageria
Lardizabala
Larix (larch)
Larrea (creosote bush)
Latania (Latan palm)
Lathraea
Lathryus
Laurelia
Lavandula (lavender)
Lavatera (mallow)
Lawsonia
Layia
Ledebouria
Ledodendron (hybrid genus)
Ledum
Leea
Legousia
Leiophyllum
Leipoldtia
Leitneria
Lemboglossum
Lenophyllum
Leonotis
Leontice
Leontopodium (edelweiss)
Lepidozamia
Leptinella
Leptodactylon
Leschenaultia
Lespedeza (bush clover)
Leucadendron
Leucanthemella
Leucanthemopsis
Leuchtenbergia
Leucocoryne
Leucogenes
Leucojum (snowflake)
Leucophyllum
Leucophyta
Leucopogon
Leucoraoulia (hybrid genus)
Leucospermum (pincushion)
Lewisia
Leycesteria
Leymus
Liatris
Libocedrus
Ligularia
Ligustrum (privet)
Lilium (lily)
Limnanthes
Limnocharis
Limonium (sea lavender)
Linanthus
Linaria (toadflax)
Lindelofia
Lindera
Lindheimeria (star daisy)
Linnaea (twinflower)
Linospadix
Linum (flax)
Liquidambar (sweetgum)
Liriodendron (tulip tree)
Liriope (lilyturf)
Lithocarpus
Lithodora
Lithophragma
Littonia
Livistona
Loasa
Lobularia (sweet alyssum)
Lodoicea (coco-de-mer)
Loiseleuria
Lomandra (mat rush)
Lomatia
Lomatium
Lomatophyllum
Lonicera (honeysuckle)
Lopezia
Lophomyrtus
Lophospermum
Lophostemon
Loropetalum
Luculia
Ludwigia
Lupinus (lupin)
Luzula (woodrush)
Lycaste (an orchid genus)
Lychnis (campion)
Lycium
Lycopodium (club moss)
Lygodium (climbing fern)
Lyonia
Lyonothamnus
Lysichiton (Yellow skunk cabbage)
Lysiloma
Lysimachia
Lythrum (loosestrife)
Maackia
Macfadyena
Machaeranthera
Mackaya
Macleania
Macleaya
Maclura
Macropidia
Macrozamia
Mahonia
Maianthemum (May lily)
Maihuenia
Malcolmia
Malephora
Malope
Malpighia
Malus (apple, crabapple)
Malva (mallow)
Malvastrum
Malvaviscus
Mammillaria
Mandevilla
Mandragora (mandrake)
Manettia
Manglietia
Maranta
Margyricarpus
Marrubium (horehound)
Marsilea (pepperwort)
Masdevallia (an orchid genus)
Matteuccia
Matthiola (stock)
Maurandella
Maurandya
Maxillaria (an orchid genus)
Maytenus
Mazus
Meconopsis
Medicago (alfalfa)
Medinilla
Meehania
Megacodon
Megaskepasma
Melaleuca (paperbark)
Melastoma
Melia
Melianthus
Melica (melick)
Melicytus
Melinis
Meliosma
Melissa (balm)
Melittis (bastard balm)
Melocactus
Menispermum (moonseed)
Mentha (mint)
Mentzelia (starflower)
Menyanthes
Menziesia
Merendera
Merremia
Mertensia
Metasquoia (dawn redwood)
Metrosideros
Meum
Mexicoa
Michauxia
Michelia
Microbiota
Microcachrys
Microlepia
Micromeria
Mikania
Milium
Millettia
Miltonia (an orchid genus)
Miltoniopsis (pansy orchid)
Mimetes
Mimosa (mimosa, or sensitive plant)
Mimulus (monkey flower)
Miscanthus
Mitchella (partridge berry)
Mitella
Mitraria
Molinia
Moltkia
Moluccella
Monadenium
Monanthes
Monarda (bee balm)
Monardella
Moraea
Morisia
Morus (mulberry)
Mucuna
Muehlenbeckia
Mukdenia
Musa (banana, plantain)
Muscari (grape hyacinth)
Mussaenda
Mutisia
Myoporum
Myosotidium
Myosotis (forget-me-not)
Myrica
Myriophyllum (milfoil)
Myrrhis (sweet cicely)
Myrsine
Myrteola
Myrtus (myrtle)
Nandina (heavenly bamboo)
Narcissus (daffodil)
Nasturtium (watercress)
Nautilocalyx
Nectaroscordium
Neillia
Nelumbo (lotus)
Nematanthus
Nemesia
Nemopanthus (mountain holly)
Nemophila
Neobuxbaumia
Neolitsea
Neolloydia
Neomarica
Neoporteria
Neoregelia
Nepenthes (pitcher plant)
Nepeta (catmint)
Nephrolepis
Nerium (oleander)
Nertera
Nicandra
Nicotiana (tobacco)
Nidularium
Nierembergia
Nigella
Nipponanthemum
Nolana
Nomocharis
Nopalxochia
Nothofagus (southern beech)
Notholirion
Nothoscordum (false garlic)
Notospartium
Nuphar (spatterdock)
Nymania
Nymphaea (waterlily)
Nymphoides (floating heart)
Nyssa (tupelo)
Obregonia
Ochagavia
Ochna
Ocimum
Odontioda (hybrid orchid genus)
Odontocidium (hybrid orchid genus)
Odontoglossum (an orchid genus)
Odontonema
Odontonia (hybrid orchid genus)
Oemleria
Oenanthe (water dropwort)
Oenothera (evening primrose, sundrops)
Olea (olive)
Olearia (daisy bush)
Olneya
Olsynium
Omphalodes (navelwort)
Omphalogramma
Oncidium (an orchid genus)
Onoclea
Ononis (restharrow)
Onopordum
Onosma
Oophytum
Ophiopogon (lilyturf)
Ophrys (an orchid genus)
Ophthalmophyllum
Oplismenus
Opuntia (prickly-pear, peyote and many other cactus species)
Orbea
Orbeopsis
Orchis (an orchid genus)
Oreocereus
Origanum (marjoram, oregano)
Ornithogalum
Ornithophora
Orontium (golden club)
Orostachys
Ortegocactus
Orthophytum
Orthrosanthus
Orychophragmus
Oryza (rice)
Osbeckia
Osmanthus
Osmarea
Osmaronia
Osmunda (royal fern)
Osteomeles
Osteospermum
Ostrowskia (giant bellflower)
Ostrya
Othonna
Ourisia
Oxalis (shamrock, sorrel)
Oxydendrum
Ozothamnus
Pachycereus
Pachycormus
Pachycymbium
Pachyphragma
Pachyphytum
Pachypodium
Pachysandra
Pachystachys
Pachystegia
Pachystima
Pachyveria (hybrid genus)
Paeonia (peony)
Paliurus
Pamianthe
Panax (ginseng)
Pancratium (sea lily)
Pandanus (screw pine)
Pandorea
Panicum
Papaver (poppy)
Paphiopedilum (slipper orchid)
Paradisea (paradise lily)
Parahebe
Paraquilegia
Parkinsonia
Parnassia
Parochetus
Paronychia
Parrotia
Parrotiopsis
Parthenocissus
Passiflora (granadilla, passionflower)
Patersonia
Patrinia
Paulownia
Paurotis
Pavonia
Paxistima
Pedilanthus
Pediocactus
Pelargonium (geranium)
Pellaea
Peltandra (arrow arum)
Peltoboykinia
Peltophorum
Peniocereus
Pennisetum
Penstemon
Pentachrondra
Pentaglottis
Peperomia
Peraphyllum
Pereskia
Perezia
Pericallis
Periploca
Perovskia
Pernettya (now included in Gaultheria)
Persicaria (fleeceflower, knotweed)
Petasites (butterbur, sweet coltsfoot)
Petrea
Petrocosmea
Petrophile
Petrophyton
Petrophytum
Petrorhagia
Petroselinum (parsley)
Petteria
Phacelia
Phaedranassa (queen lily)
Phaius (an orchid genus)
Phalaenopsis (moth orchid)
Phalaris
Phebalium
Phegopteris (beech fern)
Phellodendron (cork tree)
Philadelphus (mock orange)
Philageria (hybrid genus)
Philesia
Phillyrea
Phlebodium
Phlomis
Phlox
Phoenix (date palm)
Phormium
Photinia
Phragmipedium (an orchid genus)
Phragmites (reed)
Phuopsis
Phygelius
Phylica (Cape myrtle)
Phylliopsis (hybrid genus)
Phyllocladus (toatoa)
Phyllodoce
Phyllostachys
Phyllothamnus (hybrid genus)
Physalis (ground cherry)
Physaria (bladderpod)
Physocarpus
Physoplexis
Physostegia
Phyteuma
Phytolacca (pokeweed)
Picea (spruce)
Picrasma
Pieris
Pilea
Pileostegia
Pileosella
Pimelea
Pimpinella
Pinanga
Pinckneya
Pinellia
Pinguicula (butterwort)
Pinus (pine)
Piper (pepper)
Piptanthus
Pisonia
Pistacia (pistachio)
Pistia
Pitcairnia
Pithecellobium
Pittosporum
Pityrogramma
Plantago (plantain)
Platanus (plane tree, sycamore)
Platycarya
Platycerium (staghorn fern)
Platycladus (Chinese arborvitae)
Platycodon (balloon flower)
Platystemon (creamcups)
Plectranthus
Pleioblastus
Pleione (an orchid genus)
Pleiospilos (living granite)
Pleurothallis (an orchid genus)
Plumeria (frangipani)
Podalyria
Podocarpus
Podophyllum (mayapple)
Podranea
Polemonium (jacob's ladder, abscess root)
Polianthes
Poliothyrsis
Polygala (milkwort, seneca, snakeroot)
Polygonatum
Polygonum (knotweed, knotgrass)
Polypodium
Polyscias
Polystichum
Pongamia
Pontederia (pickerel weed)
Populus (aspen, poplar, cottonwood)
Porana
Portea
Portulaca (purslane, moss rose)
Portulacaria
Posoqueria
Potentilla (cinquefoil)
Potinara (hybrid orchid genus)
Pratia
Primula (primrose)
Prinsepia
Pritchardia
Proboscidea (unicorn plant)
Promenaea
Prosopis (mesquite)
Prostanthera (mint bush)
Prumnopitys
Prunella (self-heal)
Prunus (almond, apricot, cherry, peach, plum)
Pseuderanthemum
Pseudocydonia
Pseudolarix (golden-larch)
Pseudopanax
Pseudosasa
Pseudotsuga (douglas-fir)
Pseudowintera
Psiolotum
Psychopsis (butterfly orchid)
Psylliostachys (statice)
Pteris (brake, table fern)
Pterocactus
Pterocarya (wingnut)
Pteroceltis
Pterocephalus
Pterodiscus
Pteropogon
Pterostyrax
Ptilotus
Ptychosperma
Pueraria
Pulmonaria (lungwort)
Pulsatilla
Pultenaea
Punica (pomegranate)
Purshia
Puschkinia
Putoria
Pycnanthemum
Pycnostachys
Pyracantha (firethorn)
Pyrola (wintergreen)
Pyrostegia
Pyrrosia
Pyrus (pear)
Quamoclit
Quaqua
Quercus (oak)
Quesnelia
Quisqualis
Ranunculus (buttercup, crowfoot)
Ranzania
Raoulia
Raphia (raffia)
Ratibida
Ravenala (traveler's tree)
Rehderodendron
Rehmannia
Reineckia
Reinwardtia
Reseda (mignonette)
Retama
Rhaphidophora
Rhaphiolepis
Rhapidophyllum (needle palm)
Rhapis (lady palm)
Rheum (rhubarb)
Rhexia
Rhipsalis
Rhodanthe (strawflower)
Rhodanthemum
Rhodiola
Rhodochiton
Rhodohypoxis
Rhodophiala
Rhodothamnus
Rhodotypos
Rhoeo
Rhoicissus
Rhombophyllum
Rhus (sumac)
Rhynchelytrum
Rhynchostylis (an orchid genus)
Ribes (currant)
Ricinus (castor-oil plant)
Rigidella
Rochea
Rodgersia
Rodriguezia
Rohdea
Romanzoffia
Romneya (Matilija poppy, tree poppy)
Rondeletia
Rosa (rose)
Roscoea
Rosmarinus (rosemary)
Rossioglossum
Rothmannia
Roystonea (royal palm)
Rubus (raspberry)
Rudbeckia (coneflower)
Ruellia
Rumex (dock)
Rumohra
Rupicapnos
Ruschia
Ruscus
Russelia
Ruta (rue)
Sabal (palmetto)
Saccharum (plume grass, sugar cane)
Sadleria
Sagina (pearlwort)
Sagittaria (arrowhead)
Saintpaulia (African violet)
Salix (willow)
Salpiglossus
Salvia (sage)
Salvinia
Sambucus (elder)
Sanchezia
Sandersonia
Sanguinaria (bloodroot)
Sanguisorba (burnet)
Sansevieria
Santolina
Sanvitalia (creeping zinnia)
Sapindus
Sapium (tallow tree)
Saponaria (soapwort)
Sarcocapnos
Sarcocaulon
Sarcococca
Saritaea
Sarracenia (pitcher plant)
Satureja (savory)
Sauromatum
Saxegothaea
Saxifraga (saxifrage)
Scabiosa (scabious plant)
Scadoxus (blood lily)
Scaevola
Schefflera
Schima
Schisandra
Schizachyrium
Schizopetalon
Schizophragma
Schizostylis
Schoenoplectus
Schomburgkia
Schotia
Schwantesia
Scilla
Scindapsus
Scirpoides
Sclerocactus
Scoliopsus
Scopolia
Scrophularia (figwort)
Scutellaria
Securinega
Sedum (stonecrop)
Selaginella
Selago
Selenicereus
Selinum
Semiaquilegia
Semiarundinaria
Sempervivum (hens and chicks)
Senecio (ragwort)
Sequoia (coast redwood)
Sequoiadendron (giant sequoia)
Seriphidium
Serissa
Serruria
Sesbania
Sesleria
Setaria
Shepherdia
Shibataea
Shortia
Sibiraea
Sidalcea
Sideritis
Silene (campion)
Silybum
Simmondsia (jojoba)
Sinocalycanthus
Sinofranchetia
Sinojackia
Sinowilsonia
Sisyrinchium
Skimmia
Smilacina
Smilax
Smithiantha
Smyrnium
Sobralia
Solandra
Solanum (potato, nightshade)
Soldanella (snowbell)
Soleirolia
Solenopsis
Solenostemon
Solidago (goldenrod)
Solidaster (hybrid genus)
Sollya
Sonerila
Sophrolaeliocattleya (trigeneric hybrid orchid)
Sophronitis (an orchid genus)
Sorbaria
Sorbus (rowan, whitebeam)
Sorghastrum
Sparganium
Sparrmania
Spartina (cord grass)
Spartium (broom)
Spathodea
Sphaeralcea
Spigelia
Spiraea (spirea)
Sprianthes (an orchid genus)
Sporobolus
Sprekelia
Stachys (betony)
Stachyurus
Stangeria
Stanhopea (an orchid genus)
Stapelianthus
Staphylea (bladdernut)
Stauntonia
Stenanthium
Stenocactus
Stenocarpus
Stenocereus
Stenomesson
Stenotaphron
Stenotus
Stephanandra
Stephanocereus
Stephanotis
Sternbergia
Stigmaphyllon
Stipa
Stokesia
Stomatium
Stratiotes
Strelitzia (bird of paradise (plant))
Streptocarpus (Cape primrose)
Streptosolen
Strobilanthes
Stromanthe
Strombocactus
Strongylodon
Stuartia
Stylidium
Stylophorum
Styphelia
Styrax
Succisa
Sulcorebutia
Sutera
Sutherlandia
Swainsona
Swainsonia
Syagrus
Sycoparrotia (hybrid genus)
Sycopsis
Symphoricarpos (snowberry)
Symphyandra
Symphytum (comfrey)
Symplocos
Synadenium
Syneilesis
Syngonium
Synnotia
Synthyris
Syringa (lilac)
Syzygium (rose apple)
Tabernaemontana
Tacca
Tagetes (Mexican or French marigold)
Talinum (fameflower)
Tamarix (tamarisk)
Tanacetum (tansy)
Tanakaea
Tanakea
Tapeinochilus
Taxodium (bald cypress)
Taxus (yew)
Tecoma (plant)
Tecomanthe
Tecomaria
Telekia
Telephium
Tellima
Telopea (waratah)
Templetonia
Terminalia (plant)
Ternstroemia
Tetracentron
Tetradium (bee tree)
Tetranema
Tetraneuris
Tetrapanax
Tetrastigma
Tetratheca
Teucrium
Thalia (plant)
Thalictrum
Thelesperma
Thelocactus
Thelypteris
Thermopsi
Thespesia
Thevetia
Thlaspi
Thrinax (thatch palm)
Thryptomene (heath myrtle)
Thuja (thuja, arborvitae)
Thujopsis (hiba)
Thymophylla
Thymus (thyme)
Tiarella
Tibouchina
Tigridia
Tilia (linden)
Tillandsia (air plant, Spanish moss)
Tipuana
Titanopsis
Tithonia (Mexican sunflower)
Todea
Tolmiea
Tolpis
Toona
Torenia
Torreya (nutmeg yew)
Tovara
Townsendia
Trachelium
Trachelospermum
Trachycarpus (chusan palm)
Trachymene
Tradescantia (spiderwort)
Trapa (water caltrop)
Trichodiadema
Trichosanthes
Tricyrtis (toad lily)
Trientalis
Trifolium (clover)
Tripetaleia
Tripterygium
Triteleia (triplet lily)
Trochodendron
Trollius (globeflower)
Tropaeolum (nasturtium)
Tsuga (hemlock)
Tsusiophyllum
Tuberaria
Tulbaghia
Tulipa (tulip)
Tweedia
Tylecodon
Typha (cattail)
Uebelmannia
Ulex (gorse)
Ulmus (elm)
Umbellularia
Uncinia
Uniola
Urceolina
Urginea
Ursinia
Utricularia (bladderwort)
Uvularia (merrybells, bellwort)
Vaccinium (blueberry, cranberry, huckleberry)
Valeriana (valerian)
Vallea
Vancouveria
Vanda (an orchid genus)
Veitchia
Vellozia
Veltheimia
Venidium (cape daisy and others)
Veratrum
Verbascum (mullein)
Vernonia (ironweed)
Veronica (speedwell)
Veronicastrum
Verticordia
Vestia
Victoria (giant waterlily)
Vigna (cowpea and various beans)
Viguiera
Vinca (periwinkle)
Viola (pansy, violet)
Viscaria
Vitaliana
Vitex
Vitis (grape)
Vriesea
Wachendorfia
Waldsteinia
Washingtonia
Weberocereus
Wedelia
Weigela
Weingartia
Weldenia
Westringia
Widdringtonia
Wigandia
Wigginsia
Wikstroemia
Wilsonaria (hybrid orchid genus)
Wittrockia
Wolffia
Woodsia
Woodwardia (chain fern)
Worsleya
Wulfenia
Xanthoceras
Xanthorhiza
Xanthosoma
Xerophyllum
Xylosma
Yushania
Zaluzianskya
Zamia
Zantedeschia (calla lily)
Zanthoxylum
Zauschneria
Zea (maize)
Zelkova
Zephyranthes
Zigadenus
Zizania (wild rice)
Zygopetalum (an orchid genus)
The common names of plants often vary from region to region, which is why most plant encyclopedias refer to plants using binomials, or "Latin" names.
Common names are also referred to as "country names" or "farmer's names".
These names develop over time according to use, appearance, and lore.
Most plants have several country names, and country names often refer to several distinct plants.
This list includes garden plants as well as weeds.
Most of the common names here so far are regional names from North America.
Alder - Alnus
Black Alder - Alnus glutinosa, Ilex verticillata
Common Alder - Alnus glutinosa
False Alder - Ilex verticillata
Gray Alder - Alnus incana
Speckled Alder - Alnus incana
Striped Alder - Ilex verticillata
White Alder - Alnus incana, Ilex verticillata
Tall Ambrosia - Ambrosia trifida
Amy Root - Apocynum cannabinum
Apple - Malus
Osage Apple - Maclura pomifera
Apple of Sodom - Solanum carolinense
Arfaj - Rhanterium epapposum
Arrowwood - Cornus florida
Indian Arrowwood - Cornus florida
Ash - Fraxinus
Black Ash- Fraxinus nigra
Blue Ash - Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Cane Ash - Fraxinus americana
Green Ash - Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Maple Ash- Acer negundo
Red Ash - Fraxinus pennsylvanica
River Ash - Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Swamp Ash - Fraxinus pennsylvanica
White Ash - Fraxinus americana
Water Ash- Acer negundo (Manitoba maple in Canada), Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Azolla - Azolla
Carolina Azolla - Azolla caroliniana
Lists Of Plants
Bearberry - Ilex decidua
Bear Corn - Veratrum viride
Bindweed
Blue Bindweed - Solanum dulcamara
Bird's Nest - Daucus carota
Bird's Nest Plant - Daucus carota
Birch - Betula
Black Birch - Betula lenta, Betula nigra
Bolean Birch - Betula papyrifera
Canoe Birch - Betula papyrifera
Cherry Birch - Betula lenta
European Weeping Birch - Betula pendula
European White Birch - Betula pendula
Gray Birch - Betula alleghaniensis
Mahogany Birch - Betula lenta
Paper Birch - Betula papyrifera
Red Birch - Betula nigra
River Birch - Betula nigra, Betula lenta
Silver Birch - Betula papyrifera
Spice Birch - Betula lenta
Sweet Birch - Betula lenta
Water Birch - Betula nigra
Weeping Birch - Betula pendula
White Birch - Betula papyrifera, Betula pendula
Yellow Birch - Betula alleghaniensis
Bittercress - Barbarea vulgaris, Cardamine bulbosa, Cardamine hirsuta
Hairy Bittercress - Cardamine hirsuta
Bittersweet - Solanum dulcamara
Trailing Bittersweet - Solanum dulcamara
Bitterweed - Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Artemesia trifida
Blackberry - Rubus spp.,
Rubus pensilvanicus, Rubus occidentalis
Hispid Swamp Blackberry - Rubus hispidus
Pennsylvania Blackberry - Rubus pensilvanicus
Running Swamp Blackberry - Rubus hispidus
Black Cap - Rubus occidentalis
Black-eyed Susan - Rudbeckia hirta, Rudbeckia fulgida
Blackhaw - Viburnum prunifolium
Blackiehead - Rudbeckia hirta
Black-weed - Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Blue-of-the-Heavens - Allium caeruleum
Bow-wood - Maclura pomifera
Box - Buxus
False Box - Cornus florida
Boxelder - Acer negundo
Boxwood - Buxus, Cornus florida
False Boxwood - Cornus florida
Brier
Sand Brier - Solanum carolinense