the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
This word came from the Old English word Tiwes dæg.
This was named after the Nordic god Tyr.
Tyr was the God of War, like the Roman war god Mars, and Greek god Ares.
In Latin, Tuesday is called Martis dies which means "Mars's Day".
In French, Spanish, Italian and Romanian, the (Romance languages), the word for "Tuesday" is nearly the same as the Latin name.
Tuesday is mardi in French, martes in Spanish, martedì in Italian, dimarts in Catalan, and marţi in Romanian.
The Celtic languages still spoken use the Latin names, even though none of these languages came from Latin.
Tuesday is dé máirt in Irish, Meurzh in Breton, dydd Mawrth in Welsh and Dimàirt in Scottish Gaelic.
The English and Scandinavian names for Tuesday come from the Nordic god Tyr (Old English Tiw):
Old Frisian: tîesdei
Modern West Frisian: tiisdei
Old English: tíwesdæg
Anglo-Norman:
Middle English: tíesdæi, tywesdai, twysday
Early Modern English: towesday, Twesdaie, Tyisday, Tiseday,
Modern English: Tuesday
Old High German: zîestag
Middle High German: zîstag
Alemannic German: ziischtig
Old Norse: týrsdagr
Swedish: Tisdag
Danish: Tirsdag
Norwegian: Tirsdag or Tysdag
Icelandic: Týsdagur
In some countries, like the United States of America, Wednesday is the fourth day of the week.
In other parts of the world Wednesday is said to be the third day of the week.
In some countries, like the United States of America, Thursday is the fifth day of the week.
In other parts of the world Thursday is said to be the fourth day of the week.
It comes after Wednesday and before Friday.
Thursday is named after the Norse god Thor.
Friday is a day of the week.
In some countries, for example the United States, it is the sixth day of the week.
In other parts of the world, for example the United Kingdom, it is said to be the fifth day of the week.
Friday is the Sabbath for Muslims.
There is a superstition that a Friday on the 13th day of a month is unlucky.
If the first day of a month is a Sunday, the month will have a Friday the 13th.
Some people consider Friday to be the last day of the week before the weekend.
Others see Friday night as part of the weekend, since work or school is over for the week.
In some places, the weekend is Friday and Saturday.
Because many people are happy to not have to go to work during the weekend, there are sayings like "Thank God it's Friday!".
In some countries, like the United States of America, Saturday is the seventh and final day of the week.
In other parts of the world, like the United Kingdom, Saturday is said to be the sixth day of the week.
It is also the day of rest and worship for Jewish people.
Along with Sunday, it makes up the weekend.
Its name comes from the Roman god Saturn.
Lao People's Democratic Republic or Laos (ᝮᝢ), is a country in southeast Asia.
The capital of Laos is Vientiane.
Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean).
It is bordered by Myanmar (used to be known in English as "Burma") and by China to the northwest, by Vietnam to the east, by Cambodia to the south and by Thailand to the west.
The Mekong river forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand.
Boats from Laos cannot get to the ocean using the Mekong because of rapids and waterfalls in the south of the country.
The official language is Lao, a language belonging to the Tai language group.
98% of Lao people believe in Buddhism.
The main crop in Laos is rice.
Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia.
The country is slightly smaller than Romania and Colorado.
The landscape is mostly rugged mountains.
The highest point is Phou Bia at .
The Mekong River forms the border with Thailand.
The mountains of the Annamite Range form the eastern border with Vietnam.
The rainy season is from May to November.
The dry season is from December to April.
Laos has three seasons (rainy, cold and hot).
The capital and largest city is Vientiane.
Lao became a French colony in 1893 and also became part of French Indochina.
In 1949 it became independent from France, as the Kingdom of Laos.
Later there was a civil war, and in 1975 it became a One-party state under the leadership of the communist party.
Laos is one of the world's five remaining communist states.
The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP).
The head of state is President Choummaly Sayasone.
He is the General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party.
The current head of government is Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith, as of 2016.
The current President is Bounnhang Vorachith.
Government policies are determined by the party.
Important government decisions are checked by the Council of Ministers.
Yes is an English word that shows acceptance or agreement, or making a positive response or exclamation.
It is the opposite of no.
Yes (band), a progressive rock band from the United Kingdom
Yes (album), their debut album
The Yes Album, their third album
Yes (Mika Nakashima album)
Yes (Morphine album)
Yes! (
Chad Brock album)
"Yes!" (
song), a song from this album
"Yes" (McAlmont and Butler song)
Yes (movie), a movie by Sally Potter
yes (Unix), a Unix shell command to print a string repetitively
yes (Israel), an Israeli satellite television provider
YES (Your Extraordinary Saturday), a children's program
YES Network, the television home of the New York Yankees and New Jersey Nets
Magazine, an American magazine
Roadster, a German sports car
YES Prep Public Schools, a network of charter schools in Houston, Texas, United States
Yale Entrepreneurial Society, an American non-profit organization
Youth Empowerment Scheme, a children's charity in Belfast, Northern Ireland
Young Epidemiology Scholars, a college scholarship program
Yasuj Airport's IATA code
Amaterasu (), Amaterasu-ōmikami ( or ) or Ōhirume-no-muchi-no-kami (), is a goddess in Japanese mythology.
She is the Sun Goddess, and the most sacred of all Shinto deities.
Her name, Amaterasu, means "(that which) illuminates Heaven."
Her shrine is at Ise.
Amaterasu is the sister of Susano'o, the god of the sea and storms, and of Tsukuyomi, the god of the moon.
All three were created from Izanagi, when he washed his face to clean the dirtiness of Yomi, the underworld.
Amaterasu was born when Izanagi washed out his left eye, Tsukuyomi was born from the washing of the right eye, and Susano'o from the washing of the nose.
The tales tell of great rivalry between Amaterasu and Susano'o.
When he was to leave Heaven forever because Izanagi ordered him to, he went to say goodbye to his sister.
Amaterasu, suspicious, proposed him a challenge: each of them was to turn an object of the other's into people.
Amaterasu created three women from Susanoo's sword while he created five men from her necklace.
Amaterasu said the men were hers because they were born of her necklace.
Susano'o destroyed her rice fields, threw a dead pony into her loom, and killed one of her assistants in anger.
For this, Amaterasu, sad, angry and scared, went to hide inside Ama-no-Iwato, the "heavenly rock cave", so the Sun was hidden and the world became dark for a long time.
The Oni (devils of Japanese mythology) came out to the dark world, and the gods could not make Amaterasu come out of the cave.
The intelligent goddess of happiness, Ama-no-Uzume (天宇受売命), took a big bucket, turned it upside down near the cave entrance, and began a dance on it, tearing off her clothing in front of the other Kami.
They thought this was so funny that they laughed happily.
Amaterasu heard them, and looked out to see why the gods were laughing.
When she opened the cave, she saw her wonderful reflection in a mirror Uzume had put on a tree, and slowly came out of the cave.
At that moment, the god Ameno-Tajikarao (天手力男命) closed the cave behind her, so she could not go back in.
Another god tied a magic rope across the entrance.
The sun goddess was then asked by the Kami Ame-no-Koyane (天児屋根命) to go back with the gods.
She agreed, and light came back to the earth, but Susanoo was punished by being banished from Heaven.
Shinbutsudo: A Web Page for the Study of Japanese Religions
An organism is an individual living thing.
It is easy to recognize a living thing, but not so easy to define it.
Animals and plants are organisms, obviously.
Organisms are a biotic, or living, part of the environment.
Rocks and sunshine are parts of the non-living environment.
Organisms usually have five basic needs to continue their metabolism.
They need air, water, nutrient (food), energy, and a place to live.
However, not all living things need all these at the same time.
Many organisms do not need access to air at all.
A little thought is needed about viruses.
There is no agreement as to whether they should be regarded as living.
They are made of protein and nucleic acid, and they evolve, which is a really important fact.
However, they exist in two quite different phases.
One phase is dormant, not active.
The other is inside a living cell of some other organism.
Then the virus is very active reproducing itself.
Consider the parallel with a computer program.
When in use it is active; when it is not, it is completely inactive.
It is still a program all the same.
Another example from biology is the spore, which is a distribution phase of a bacteria, fungus or some plants.
They are not active until they get to the right situation.
They have all the working parts to build a complete organism, but for the moment it is switched off.
Some organisms are made up of millions of cells.
They are multicellular organisms.
Many can be seen without using a microscope.
Most organisms are so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye.
You need a microscope to see them.
They are called microorganisms.
Organisms can be made up of just one cell.
They are called unicellular organisms or single celled organisms.
Examples include bacteria, and protozoa such as the Amoeba and Paramecium.
The Tree of Life project works on the relationships between living things.
Identifying a LUCA (last universal common ancestor) is one of its main aims.
The LUCA is estimated to have lived some 3.8 billion years ago (sometime in the Palaeoarchaean era).
A universal common ancestor is at least 102860 times more probable than having multiple ancestors.
A model with a single common ancestor but allowing for some gene swapping among species was... 103489 times more probable than the best multi-ancestor model...
The idea came from Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, "Therefore... probably all the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some one primordial form..."
About the Tree of Life Web Project
Maddison D.R. et al 2007.
The Tree of Life Web Project.
Pages 19-40 in: Zhang Z.-Q. & Shear W.A., eds.
Linnaeus Tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy.
Zootaxa 1668:1-766.
Open Access PDF
Kinetic energy is the energy that an object has because of its motion.
This energy can be converted into other kinds, such as gravitational or electric potential energy, which is the energy that an object has because of its position in a gravitational or electric field.
Difference between Kinetic & Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy is the maximum amount of work a moving body due to its motion can do, whereas Potential energy is the maximum amount of work a body can do due to its configuration or position in a field force.
Kinetic Energy is valid for all sorts of forces as seen from this derivation.
which clearly suggests that only conservative forces can have potential energy associated with them; see conservation of energy.
Translational kinetic energy
is the mass (resistance to linear acceleration or deceleration);
is the linear velocity.
Rotational kinetic energy
is the moment of inertia (resistance to angular acceleration or deceleration, equal to the product of the mass and the square of its perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation);
is the angular velocity.
Differences between Kinetic energy and Potential energy
Potential energy is the stored or pent-up energy of an object.
It is often contrasted with kinetic energy.
Common types include the gravitational potential energy of an object that depends on its vertical position and mass, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electric potential energy of a charge in an electric field.
The SI unit for energy is the joule (symbol J).
Potential energy is often associated with restoring forces such as a spring or the force of gravity.
The action of stretching the spring or lifting the mass is performed by an external force that works against the force field of the potential.
This work is stored in the force field, which is said to be stored as potential energy.
If the external force is removed the force field acts on the body to perform the work as it moves the body back to the initial position, reducing the stretch of the spring or causing a body to fall.
When this happens, potential energy changes into kinetic energy.
The total energy stays the same because of the law of conservation of energy.
Bringing a rock uphill increases its potential energy under gravity.
Stretching a rubber band increases its elastic potential energy, which is a form of electric potential energy.
A mixture of a fuel and an oxidant has a chemical potential energy, which is another form of electric potential energy.
Batteries too have chemical potential energy.
Types of potential energy
Gravitational potential energy is experienced by an object when height and mass is a factor in the system.
Gravitational potential energy causes objects to move towards each other.
Work is defined as force over a distance, and work is another word for energy.
The potential energy added when you lift an object is:
is the force of gravity
is the change in height
Here,  is the acceleration due to gravity.
is the mass of the object
is the first position
is the second position
Electric potential energy
Electric potential energy is experienced by charges both different and alike, as they repel or attract each other.
Charges can either be positive (+) or negative (-), where opposite charges attract and similar charges repel.
is 1/4πє (for air or vacuum it is )
is the first charge
is the second charge
is the distance apart
Elastic potential energy
Elastic potential energy is experienced when a rubbery material is pulled away or pushed together.
A spring for example stores elastic potential energy.
The amount of potential energy the material has depends on the distance pulled or pushed.
The longer the distance pushed, the greater the elastic potential energy the material has.
is the spring force constant (how well the material stretches or compresses)
is the distance the material moved from its original position
A ship is a large vehicle used to travel on water.
It is bigger than a boat.
Most are cargo ships, which carry most of the world's international trade.
There are also many warships, passenger ships and other kinds for different purposes.
When people talk about a ship, they often use the pronoun "she".
For example: She was launched on 29 December 1878.
Early ships
From about 4000 BC the Ancient Egyptians were making wooden sail boats.
By 1200 BC the Phoenicians and Greeks had begun to make bigger sailing ships which were about 30 metres (100 feet) long and could carry 90180 tonnes of cargo.
The Romans made even bigger ships which could carry up to 1,000 people and 1,000 tonnes of cargo.
The 8th century saw the rise of the Vikings, who were famous for their "longships" and which were mainly used for raiding other countries, but also for trading.
The longships had flat bottoms so they could move in shallow (not deep) rivers.
Age of sail
Sailing ships were used for thousands of years, but they were very important from the Age of Discovery to the 19th century.
The Chinese admiral Zheng He commanded a fleet of large 'treasure ships' on seven voyages all over Asia up to East-Africa in the early fifteenth century.
The most successful and largest fleet in the 17th century was the Dutch fleet (see the Netherlands).
For trade and transport the Dutch often used a particular kind of trading ship, called a flute (fluyt in Dutch).
Transport of people and cargo on sailing ships became rare in the early 20th century.
Niña, Pinta, Santa Maria - Christopher Columbus' ships
The Mayflower - The ship that carried the Pilgrims to Massachusetts
Queen Anne's Revenge - The pirate Blackbeard's ship
HMS Bounty - Captain Bligh's ship.
Site of the most famous mutiny of all time
USS Constitution - The most powerful ship in the early United States Navy
HMS Victory - Admiral Horatio Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar
At one time, the steamships Titanic, Olympic, and Britannic were the largest ships in the world, Titanic sank on her maiden voyage after hitting an iceberg, becoming one of the most famous shipwrecks of all time, the Olympic was Titanic 's nearly identical twin, and actually set sail before Titanic and was scrapped in the 1930s after a very successful career including her being a passenger liner and a warship in World War I. The Britannic was the largest of these three sister ships, and was supposed to be more grand and elegant than the Titanic, but before she set sail on her maiden voyage, WWI broke out and she was stripped of her elegant furniture and elaborate paneling and became a hospital ship.
During her term as a hospital ship, she was sunk by either a mine or torpedo, no one knows for sure.
The Titanic lies at the bottom of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Nova Scotia, and the Britannic lies in the Aegean Sea, off the coast of the Island of Kea.
Modern ships
After World War II ships with diesel engines became commonplace.
Passenger airliners replaced passenger ships for long trips in the late 20th century.
Cargo ships became much bigger.
The main kinds are container ships for mostly manufactured goods, and bulk carriers including oil tankers.
Largest ship
The world's largest ship is the Prelude, owned by Shell.
It is being built on Geoje Island, South Korea.
It is 488m long and has the internal capacity greater than the total volume of four large aircraft carriers.
What it will do is collect natural gas off the coast of Australia, and liquify it.
When liquified, the hydrocarbon takes up 600 times less space than its gas.
Smaller tankers will take the liquid gas to its buyers.
The ship will do liquifying and temporary storage, which is usually done on land.
Shell believes this justifies the cost of the ship.
The shipping yard builds all kinds of structures for the oil industry.
It employs 30,000 workers.
Some names for parts of a ship
Amidships - near the middle of the ship.
Bow - the front of the ship.
Stern - the back of the ship.
Aft - in the direction of the stern.
Astern - behind the ship.
Starboard - the right side of the ship.
Port - the left side of the ship.
Bridge - the room in which the ship is controlled.
Cabin - a room where a crew member lives.
Decks - the floors.
Galley - the kitchen.
Hold - an area inside the ship used to carry goods.
Hull - the main body of the ship.
Keel - a beam running from stern to bow.
Mast - a central pole on which sails are hung.
Brig - Prison cells in the ship.
Some types of ships
Bulk carrier - very large ship used for carrying very heavy cargo.
Catamaran - a ship with two hulls.
Cruise ship - a large passenger ship that takes people on holiday or vacations.
Ferry - a passenger ship which often carries vehicles as well as people.
Supertanker - a very large ship usually used for carrying oil.
Aircraft carrier - a warship which carries aircraft
Battleship - a large warship
PT boat- a small warship
Submarine - an underwater boat
A boat is a vehicle used to travel on water.
It is smaller than a ship and can be lifted out of the water and carried on a ship.
Some boats have sails, some are powered by rowing with oars, and some use motors.
Those that use steam engines are steamboats
These boats are usually made of wood.
However, some parts are made of metals like steel and aluminium.
Expensive boats may have parts from fiberglass or composite materials and some even have helicopter pads.
There are some boats that can even go underwater.
They are called submarines.
A narrowboat is a boat designed to be used on narrow canals.
It is sometimes called a barge.
The first boats were invented in the Netherlands in around 8000 BCE.
The navian is the part of a country's military that fights on water using boats.
People in the navy are called navians.
The navy is mostly made up of warships.
It may also have its own air force and soldiers.
It may have special boats that can go underwater, called submarines, or another kind of special boat that is meant to carry airplanes, called aircraft carriers.
Originally, Naval war was fought by ramming other ships and then jumping onto them to fight the crew.
In Ancient Greece and Rome, the ships were usually powered by oars.
During the Middle Ages, the cannon was invented.
These could be shot at other ships from a great distance.
Warships around this time also began to use sails instead of oars for power.
In the middle 19th century, ships began to be plated in armor for protection.
Steam engines allowed them move while carrying the armor, and better ones soon made them much faster.
These early warships, called ironclads, are thought to have begun the type of Naval warfare used today.
Ships soon became much larger.
An air force is the branch of a country's military which fights in the air.
The air force is made up of aircraft such as fighters, bombers, helicopters and transport aircraft.
When a navy has its own air force it is called Naval Aviation.
Air forces began in the early 20th century, usually as part of the army.
Most countries separated their air forces in the 1930s and 1940s.
Aircraft in an air force sometimes fly in a formation.
Formations are when the aircraft fly in a pattern.
Air forces is part of the military.
Cache memory
datalake
disk operating system (redirect (or disambig) from DOS)
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
Encarta encyclopedia
Epiphany web browser
End User License Agreement (redirect from EULA)
ext2 filesystem type
ext3 filesystem type
File allocation table (disambiguation from FAT or fat)
FAT16 filesystem
FAT32 filesystem
file types by ending
((Function))
gigabyte (redir from gb)
hard disk (redirects from hard drive, hard disk drive, hard disk)
Hash_function
HTTP_Cookie
KDE*
licensing examples for computer software
Lavasoft
Mainframe Computer
Martus
megabyte (redir or disamb from mb)
Mozilla web browser
mpeg-4
NTFS filesystem type
Netscape Navigator web browser
non-commercial
notebook computer
ogg file format for multimedia
Opera web browser
operating systems, a list
personal computer (PC)
pdf or more likely PDF
peer to peer, P2P
program release
QuickBasic
Random_access_memory(redirect from RAM)
Read-only_memory(Redirect from ROM)
Reiser FS filesystem type
spyware
super computer
surfing the internet
synergy (synergistic)
training for computers
Terabyte (TB)
virtual community
Vulnerability32]✓
x86, x32(processor)
x86-64, x64(processor architecture)
Yotabyte
Z (file format)
Zoom in - Zoom out
Zettabyte(ZB)
A Gnu Dictionary of Computing - downloadable
Adware is an advertising computer program that can be put there by other people on someone's computer, sometimes without their permission.
It is controversial because sometimes businesses put the program there so they can see what people are doing or what web pages they are browsing.
They then put an advertisement that is of the same subject as the web-page the person is looking at.
This can be good if the person is trying to buy something, but many people do not want advertisements.
Many people also do not want other people to find out what they are doing or what web pages they are looking at.
An example is in the popular peer-to-peer file sharing program, Kazaa.
When someone downloads it, it installs adware on their computer that then sends advertisements to the computer.
Some people do not like this so they use an illegally changed version of this program called Kazaa Lite.
Removal tools
Like many programs that people use for security, the program must be changed often.
Updating allows the removal tool to recognize new types of adware.
This can be done by downloading files over the internet using the 'update' option in the program.
Gender is a word that is used to talk about how people express masculine (traits most people think of as male) or feminine (traits most people think of as female) traits.
It is commonly used for a person's sex (male or female) but this word only means someone’s biology (body parts).
Definitions and history
"Gender" comes from the Latin word genus which meant "kind" or "type".
In the few hundred years before the 1950s, the term 'gender' was used only in the field of grammar.
In 1955, a scientist began to use the word gender in new ways when referring to people, in a way that was related to their 'sex' but not quite the same.
The term was not applied to other animals.
They continued to have different “sexes”.
Before the 1950s, the term 'gender' was used only in the field of grammar, and only to distinguish a category of words that are called 'feminine nouns' from other words that are 'masculine nouns'.[1][2] Early Indo-European languages~had three genders.
Languages that come from Latin like Spanish, French, and Italian have lost one, and their nouns are either feminine or masculine in gender.
For example, in Spanish, 'house' (casa) is feminine, and 'day' (día) is masculine.
Some languages still have three genders, like German.
Outside of their grammatical category, the word 'gender' was not used to refer to people.
At that time, when one spoke about someone being either 'male' or 'female', the word used was sex.
Merriam Webster officially recognized the pronoun "they" as a singular use pronoun in 2019.
According to the dictionary, the word had actually been used as a non-gender binary pronoun since the 1300s.
Around the time Merriam Webster made this announcement, artist Sam Smith announced that their correct pronouns were actually they/them.
Typically, for those who identify as female, the correct pronouns are she/her, and for males, he/him.
The Difference Between Sex and Gender
Many people often use the terms "sex " and "gender" interchangeably, however, some people now assign them two different meanings.
They use the term "sex" to refer to the biological assignment of an individual, which is often based on scientific knowledge.
This biological determination is often made at birth.
Doctors often assign sex by looking at pre-natal images or directly inspecting genitalia at birth.
This determination is still based on our beliefs on gender and sex being the same.
The problem lies in what happens when an individual falls outside of the typical categories of "male" or "female".
Some medical professionals have turned to the Karyotype method to look at the sex chromosomes to determine biological sex. "
Gender", on the other hand, is considered by some to be more of a psychological factor.
To them, gender is determined by our expressions, and behaviors rather than scientific knowledge.
Gender as a Social Construct
Typically, gender has been described by using terms such as man, woman, or even transsexual.
These terms are applied to people based on their sex, or sometimes on the basis of culturally constructed characteristics.
Although many people may be biologically assigned a sex, the gender they believe themselves to be may not align with this sex.
An individual's gender is often assumed by outsiders based on cultural norms: outward appearance, body shape and size, physical activity, etc.
Although an individual's gender identity is determined by psychology, a gender identity can be constructed by wearing particular clothing, language, actions and such, that are associated with that gender in a given society.
Psychologist and Feminist Anthropologist Anne Fausto-Sterling calls this embodiment.
In 1955, John Money created the term gender role and began to use it to mean something different from sex.
Gender roles are how a society views different genders and how they should act.
An example of this would be how some people believe feminine or female people should cook and clean rather than play sports.
These roles change over time and differ based on different cultures, but are often ideas that are created by people rather than coming from nature.
Gender Identity Development
The term identity means the mental image someone has of themself as well as some kind of similarity with others in some particular way.
Gender identity, specifically, refers to the experiences someone has that are similar to a person of a particular gender.
This gender identity affects how a person views themself as well as how they interact with others.
Developmental psychologists have found that the development of an identity begins in early adolescence.
Learning about what it means to be a particular gender also starts at an early age.
During adolescence, children begin to internalize the gender roles in their surroundings and "gender intensification" occurs.
Gender intensification means that the child feels more pressure to conform to socially sanctioned gender norms, resulting in deeper gender role differentiation for boys and girls.
Biological, can affect gender identity development as well.
Research done with animals has shown that pre-natal sex hormones affect the sexual differentiation of the brain.
Gender and Sexual Orientation
Gender binary
‘Binary’ comes from the Latin word bini meaning two together.
As such binary refers to an idea in which there are only two possible options that are often opposite.
This is how most people thought of gender throughout history in many parts of the world with male and female being the only two options.
Thinking of gender in this way can lead to a society with strict gender roles that are in place for a long time to think that those are natural or biological roles that each option has to conform to at birth.
Examples of this are women who are not allowed access to education or jobs or men who are expected to not be emotional or soft.
Strict binary gender roles are also often tied to reasons for oppression of sexualities outside of the majority.
Societies often enforce gender binaries due to concepts like tradition and the idea that their stability relies on keeping this binary in place.
The LGBTQ+ Community
The term LGBTQ is constantly evolving and adding terms to the acronym as knowledge of the community becomes more widely known.
As of 2020, the acronym has expanded to LGBTQQIAAP, which stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer, Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, Ally, and Pansexual.
The community is, however, mostly referred to as the LGBTQ+ community.
Intersex
Intersex is the word used to describe the condition where a person has genitals that are not clearly male or female.
There is a variety of ways this condition may physically manifest including infants that have enlarged clitorises or a combination of elements of both the male and female genitalia.
Sex assignment is often performed on infants that have obvious intersex characteristics, this is often referred to as intersex genital mutilation.
Some have recently suggested that medically unnecessary surgeries such as intersex genital mutilation be delayed until the child is old enough to make a medically informed decision with counseling.
Many intersex individuals may even go their whole lives without knowing that they are intersex due to a chromosomal abnormality.
Typically, females' sex chromosomes are XX and males XY, however, XXY (Klinefelter syndrome), XXXY, XXXXY, and XYY are some other possibilities.
Gender spectrum
Although many societies still exist under a gender binary, more and more around the world are becoming more accepting of ideas of gender outside of strict male and female categories.
An important thing to know about gender in this form is that the people who exist within them have always existed but have not always been free to express themselves.
One example of this is people who are transgender, those who were labeled based on their biological sex, but eventually come to realize that label does not fit what they identify with.
In addition to this, some people do not experience gender in a way that fits into a binary at all, and these people are called either non binary or genderqueer.
Another category that is not a part of the gender binary is called intersex.
Intersex people are born without obviously male or female genitalia.
It is a common practice in hospitals that an intersex baby will have a surgery that makes them one sex.
Doctors do this with the belief it will help the child later on in life as they begin to develop during puberty.
However, it can cause mental and emotional issues for the child if they begin to struggle with gender identity.
Intersexuality is not a well accepted or understood idea in most places, since most people have never heard of it or are willing to accept people who are.
Dutch () is a West Germanic language.
It comes from the Netherlands and is the country's official language.
It is also spoken in the northern half of Belgium (the region called Flanders), and in the South American country of Suriname.
A language known as Afrikaans was developed from Dutch by the people in southern Africa and is now spoken mainly in South Africa but also in nearby Namibia.
About 22 million people around the world speak Dutch.
Dutch is a West Germanic language The West Germanic branch is divided into English, Frisian, German and Dutch.
Dutch has a similar vocabulary and grammar to English but is closer to German.
The North Germanic languages of Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic are also part of the Germanic language branch.
Dutch is also in some cases like those languages.
The Dutch of before 1170 is called Old Dutch (Oudnederlands).
The Dutch between 1170 and 1500 is called Middle Dutch (Middelnederlands), which is also called Diets and so that is why it is called Dutch in English.
The word "Dutch" itself came from the Proto-Germanic word theodiscus, which means "language of the common people" and then was also used to refer to the Germans and their language.
Over time, the Modern English usage now refers to that the Netherlands, not the Germans.
The Dutch word for German, Duits, comes from the same origin.
The oldest Dutch book known is Wachtendonckse Psalmen, which was written in 900.
The first Dutch writer known by name is Hendrik van Veldeke, who was born around 1150.
Note: The e can also be a schwa (like in the)
oe – like the "ou" in you
eu – like the French "eu" in fleur
ui – typical Dutch sound, but almost identical to the French word oeuil (= eye)
ou/au – like in sound
ij/ei – typical Dutch sound, the same as "ej" in Esperanto (not in Polish) In Amsterdam, the sound instead is "i" in ice.
aai – like the "i" in ice
eeuw – typical Dutch sound
ieuw – somewhat like "iew" in view
Open and closed syllables
Vowels are said differently on the if the syllable is open or closed.
If a syllable is open, short written vowels are said as long ones.
However, short written vowels are said short if the syllable is closed.:
The word praten canhasctwi syllables: pra|ten.
Because pra is open, the a is pronounced like aa.
The word plat had only one syllables and so the a is short (just a).
There is, however, an exception to this rule.
This is the "e".
This is because "e" can also be a "mute e" (Schwa) (IPA character ə).
In most words, where an open syllable ends with e it is a short e. Therefore, open syllables with a long e (ee) are written as ee.
The word "me" contains an e and is not pronounced as "mee". (
Mee has a totally different meaning).
There are, however, exceptions to this rule as well.
This can be seen in the word meenemen.
This word can be divided into three syllables: mee|ne|men.
The e's in the first two syllables are long ones, but the last one is a mute e.
g/ch – not pronounced as the English G; the Dutch G is pronounced in the back of the throat with a "scratching" sound.
In the south of the Netherlands, the G is spoken differently (so called soft G) than in the north (hard G).
j – like "y" in you
q – only used rarely; spoken as k
r – not like English; the Dutch R is a more rolling R
x – only used rarely, mostly in foreign words, pronounced as ks
The grammar of Dutch is slightly more complex than that of English.
Word order in sentences is different in complex sentences.
The basic simple sentence-structure is subject-verb.
Dutch has few grammatical tenses.
These are most used:
onvoltooide tegenwoordige tijd (present simple)
onvoltooide verleden tijd (past simple)
voltooide tegenwoordige tijd (present perfect)
voltooide verleden tijd (past perfect)
Onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd
The most simple verb-time is the onvoltooide tegenwoordige tijd (ott; present simple).
The ott is used when something happens now, or regularly (like Hij eet regelmatig (He eats regularly)).
Most verbs are conjugated (changed) in a regular form (these verbs are called regelmatige werkwoorden (regular verbs)).
The word stem of the verb is still there in all of the conjugations (verb changes).
The correct way of doing so is
Note: The stem of a verb is the infinitive of the verb without the -en.
In some verbs, the first syllable is open and so any vowel is long.
The stem changes to a written long vowel so the stem of lopen becomes loop.
If the -en is then added to the stem (like with wij), the written form becomes short again, but it is still said as a long vowel).
Onvoltooid verleden tijd
The past form of the ott is the onvoltooid verleden tijd (ovt; past simple).
How verbs are conjugated (changed) in the ovt is not easy to understand.
Mistakes are common because some verbs are add a D, but others add a T. The "'t kofschip" rule is that the verb without -en (the stem in most verbs) ends with a consonant, which is also in "'t kofschip", the verb is changed with a T:
The verb praten (to talk) is changed with a T because prat ends with a T.
There are some words for wgjch "'t kofschip" is not so easy.
In vrezen (to fear), the stem of the verb is vrees and it looks as if itvis changed with a T. However, it changes instead to a D because vrezen without -en is vrez.
The Z is not in "'t kofschip" and so the verb is changed to a D.
Continuating verbs
Although Dutch has present continuous (the -ing form of verbs in English), it is not used often:
The senctence "I am eating", is in Dutch "Ik eet", which is literally "I eat".
The present continuous in Dutch is "Ik ben etende", but it is almost never used.
The first type is a form of the verb zijn (to be) with the actual continuous verb.
That is done by adding de on the infinitive.
It is rare but correct to use it in Dutch, and it is used only in very formal texts.
The second type is a type in and which the verb actually functions as an adverb.
Depending on the subject, the verb is changed by adding either a "d" or "de" to the infinitive.
The verb then has the function of while..... An example: Hij liep drinkend de supermarkt uit.
English uses He walked out of the supermarket while drinking .
The third type is a type that is often used.
Its use can be compared with the English type of continuous.
Something is being done at the moment but is not completed.
The form of zijn + aan het comes before the infinitive: Ik ben aan het lopen, which means I am walking (at the moment).
hallo  (hello)
Ik heet ...  (my name is...)
Ik hou van je  (I love you)
ja  (yes)
nee  (no)
een  (one)
twee  (two)
drie  (three)
vier  (four)
vijf  (five)
zes  (six)
zeven  (seven)
acht  (eight)
negen  (nine)
tien  (ten)
elf  (eleven)
twaalf  (twelve)
In number with three digits (e.g. 100), the Dutch change the u into o and replace 1 of the r's.
The number 100 becomes: honderd, which literally means hundred.
Basic Dutch expressions
Languages of the Netherlands
Belgian culture
The Creative Commons licenses relates to the name of several copyright licenses released on December 16, 2002.
The licenses were released by Creative Commons, a United States nonprofit corporation.
Everybody can put their own creations under these licenses.
There are four basic license conditions.
A simple overview of these four:
Attribution (BY): Allow others to copy, distribute, display and perform the work and evolved versions of it.
They must give the original creator credit for the work.
Noncommercial (NC): Allow others to copy, distribute, display and perform the work and evolved version of it.
They are not allowed to make money with it.
No Derivative Works (ND): Allow others to copy, distribute, display and perform  the work.
They are not allowed to change the work into something else.
Share Alike (SA): Allow others to distribute evolved works only when they use the same license.
See also copyleft.
It is possible to combine the license elements to allow people to use a work under certain conditions.
For example, a combination of the first and fourth is called "CC BY-SA".
This stands for "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike".
With this license other people can use the work for free, but they must give credit to the original creator, and when they make something new with the work they must give it the same "CC BY-SA" license.
The Free Software Foundation thinks that the Creative Commons system is confusing, because people often forget to tell which of the licenses they use.
Instead they suggest to use the Free Art license.
Portions of this article are taken from the Creative Commons website, published under the Creative Commons Attribution License v1.0
The full selection of licenses
Creative Commons web site
The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a Micronesian island nation in the western Pacific Ocean.
The capital of Marshall Islands is Majuro.
The official languages are Marshallese and English.
Roughly 10% of the population of the Marshall Islands can now be found in northwest Arkansas, U.S. Most live and work in the city of Springdale, a community of roughly 50,000.
Each year, the Marshallese host a homecoming event so friends and relatives can get together to celebrate, stay in touch with politics at home, and spread their island culture.
They meet at the Jones Center for Families in Springdale and have dancing, feasting, volleyball, and basketball.
As a population, they are devoted to family and church and bring island dance and song to this corner of Arkansas.
An alphabet is a writing system, a list of symbols for writing.
The basic symbols in an alphabet are called letters.
In an alphabet, each letter is a symbol for a sound or related sounds.
To make the alphabet work better, more signs assist the reader: punctuation marks, spaces, standard reading direction, and so on.
The name alphabet comes from Aleph and Beth, the first two letters in the Phoenician alphabet.
This article is written with the Roman alphabet (or Latin alphabet).
It was first used in Ancient Rome to write Latin.
Many languages use the Latin alphabet: it is the most used alphabet today.
It seems that the idea of an alphabet – a script based entirely upon sound – has been copied and adapted to suit many different languages.
Although no alphabet fits its language perfectly, they are flexible enough to fit any language approximately.
The alphabet was a unique invention.p12
The Roman alphabet, the Cyrillic, and a few others come from the ancient Greek alphabet, which dates back to about 1100 to 800BC.p167 The Greek alphabet was probably developed from the Phoenician script, which appeared somewhat earlier, and had some similar letter-shapes.
The Phoenicians spoke a Semitic language, usually called Canaanite.
Arabic script has vowels which may, or may not, be shown by diacritics (small marks above or below the line).
Israeli children to about the third grade use Hebrew texts with vowel 'dots' added.p89
The Greek alphabet even has two vowels (Eta) and Epsilon) for 'e' and two (Omega and Omicron) for 'o', to distinguish between the long and short sounds.
It appears that careful thought went into both the Phoenician invention and the Greek adaptation, but no details survive of either process.
It is thought by some researchers that the original source of this script was the Egyptian hieratic script, which by the late Middle Kingdom (about 1900BC) had added some alphabetic signs for representing the consonants of foreign names.
A similar idea had been suggested many years previously.
Short list of alphabets
Phoenician alphabet, used in ancient Phoenicia.
Greek alphabet, used for Greek
Roman alphabet (or Latin alphabet), most commonly used today
Arabic alphabet, used for Arabic, Urdu and Persian
Hebrew alphabet, used for Hebrew, Ladino (only in Israel) and Yiddish
Devanagari, used for many languages of India
Cyrillic alphabet, which is based on the Greek alphabet, used for Russian and Bulgarian
Hangul, used for Korean
Other writing systems
Other writing systems do not use letters, but they do (at least in part) represent sounds.
For example, many systems represent syllables.
In the past such writing systems were used by many cultures, but today they are almost only used by languages people speak in Asia.
A syllabary is a system of writing that is similar to an alphabet.
A syllabary uses one symbol to indicate each syllable of a word, instead of one symbol for each letter of the word.
For example, a syllabary would use one symbol to mean the syllable "ga", instead of two letters of the alphabet "g" and "a".
Japanese uses a mix of the Chinese writing (kanji) and two syllabaries called hiragana and katakana.
Modern Japanese often also uses romaji, which is the Japanese syllabary written in the Roman alphabet.
The Koreans used the Chinese writing in the past, but they created their own alphabet called hangul.
Originally, 1200 BC in the Shang dynasty, Chinese characters were mainly "pictographic", using pictures to show words or ideas.
Now only 1% of Chinese characters are pictographic.p97 97% of modern characters are SP characters.
These are a pair of symbols, one for meaning (semantics) and the other for pronunciation.p99 In many cases the P and S parts are put together into one joint character.
Chinese is not one spoken language, but many, but the same writing system is used for all.
This writing system has been reformed a number of times.
A county is the name for a piece of land.
It has a different meaning in different languages.
Originally the word was for the land under a count (in Great Britain an earl).
Today a "county" is often something between a larger state and a smaller town or district.
County governments keep records and organize elections and laws.
They are a kind of local government.
Canada has ten provinces.
Five of them have counties in them.
In Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, these are local government units, but in Quebec and Prince Edward Island they are now only geographical units.
The word "county" is the English name for the Chinese word xiàn (县 or 縣).
On Mainland China under the People's Republic of China, counties are the third level of local government.
On Taiwan, the county is the highest governmental level below the Republic of China central government.
There are about 2,000 counties in China; this number is about the same as in  the Han dynasty, 2,000 years ago.
The county is one of the oldest levels of government in China.
In the past, "prefecture" and "district" were names for xiàn, before the Republic of China.
People started using the English name "county" after the start of the Republic of China.
Counties started to be units of regional self-government in Croatia in 1990.
There are twenty counties and the city of Zagreb which has the same status.
They are called županije and their leader is a župan.
There was a change in the historical counties of France in 1790 after the Revolution.
The new government unit was the département.
But French people use the word county (comté) in the name of the Free County region, the old Free County of Burgundy.
The government unit of Hungary is megye, or in Latin: comitatus.
This is the same as the word county.
Today Hungary has 19 counties, 20 city counties and 1 capital, Budapest.
The comitatus was also the unit in the Kingdom of Hungary.
Ireland originally had 32 counties in the nineteenth century.
26 of these later formed the Republic of Ireland and 6 formed Northern Ireland.
The counties were in 4 provinces - Leinster (12 counties), Munster (6) Connacht (5) and Ulster (9).
In the 1970s in Northern Ireland and in the 1990s in the Republic of Ireland, there was a change in the county numbers and borders (where they started and finished).
In the Republic, for example, the change broke Dublin County into four parts: Dublin City, Dún Laoghaire - Rathdown, Fingal, and South Dublin. '