the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Moers is near to Duisburg and belongs to the Ruhr area.
Castrop-Rauxel is a town in the Ruhr area in the German state North Rhine-Westphalia.
It has about 78,000 inhabitants.
Ratingen (Low Franconian: Rotinge) is a town in the German state North Rhine-Westphalia.
It is near to Düsseldorf and has about 90,000 inhabitants.
Gland is a city in Switzerland, in the canton of Vaud.
In the year 2005, about 10,000 people live there.
The city is halfway between Geneva and Lausanne, near Nyon.
Official website of the Town of Gland
Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Vaud
All Quiet on the Western Front (original German title: Im Westen nichts Neues, literally: "Nothing New on the Western Front") is a famous book by the German author Erich Maria Remarque.
It was first published in 1929.
It is about a German soldier named Paul Bäumer as he fights together with his classmates in World War I. Troops are changed every couple of weeks; they are either sent to the front line or a few miles back.
At the beginning, Baumer and his fellow soldiers are very full and satisfied because a very heavy bombardment killed off half of the company.
A number of soldiers and Baumer are injured one night, and all are taken to the local hospital.
In there, when a nurse gives Baumer a temperature gauge, he uses a light and makes his temperature seem much higher than it really is.
This is so he can go into critical care with his friends.
While there, the nurses sing a hymn, which annoys the men.
Baumer throws and breaks a bottle to make them shut the door.
One night, Baumer and his friends find two live pigs.
They put together a feast.
Baumer cooks some kind of cakes.
They smoke cigarettes and drink coffee from the officer's dump and then roast the pigs.
The meal is very good, but the pig meat sticks to their bowels and makes them go to the bathroom all night.
As the war draws to its end in 1918, the Germans are suffering.
The food is bad and the men must keep going to the bathroom.
The Americans have joined the war and are pushing back all of the ground that the Germans gained.
During this time, many of Baumer's classmates die.
At the end of the novel, Baumer dies.
The day was so quiet that the field commander described the day as "all quiet on the Western Front."
The book sold 2.9 million copies in 50 languages in eighteen months.
It is published by Ballantine Books in 1929.
This book and its sequel, The Road Back, were banned and burned in Nazi Germany.
The film version won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1930.
1929 books
Can Tho had a population of about 1.57 million in 2019.
It is the biggest city in the Mekong delta.
It is about 160 km away from Ho Chi Minh City and the capitol of the district of Can Tho, until 1975 named Hau Giang.
Can Tho online community
Can Tho travel information at Wikivoyage
Vinh is a city in north-central Vietnam.
About 230,000 people live there.
Its name in the Vietnamese language does not have any diacritics.
It is also the kingdom of the Albino Gorillas, one of the rarest mammals in the world.
They can only can be found in and around the city of Vinh.
The most recent sighting of an Albino Gorilla was in 2004 by a college professor that was in Vinh studying many human cultures.
Many important people of the Vietnamese revolution were born in or nearby Vinh, including Ho Chi Minh.
Dalat (Vietnamese: Đà Lạt) is a city in southern Vietnam.
It has about 120,000 inhabitants and was a strategic airport in the Second Indochinese War in the 1960s and 1970s.
Its name is from the Việtnamese language (Vietnam).
Quảng Ngãi (Vietnamese: Thành phố Quảng Ngãi) is a city in Central Việt Nam.
It has about 135,000 inhabitants.
es:Quảng Ngãi
Bordeaux is a city in the Gironde department of France.
It is on the Garonne River near the Atlantic Ocean.
About 1,150,000 people live in the area around the city.
Bordeaux has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
It is famous for wines made in the region near the city.
Bordeaux is also famous for its art.
Bordeaux is classified as a "City of Art and History".
The city is home to 362 monuments historiques.
Some buildings date back to Roman times.
In about 300 BC Bordeaux was the settlement of a Celtic tribe.
They named the town Burdigala.
The Romans began rule of the city around 60 BC.
Later it became capital of Roman Aquitaine.
In the 400s the city was looted by the Vandals, Visigoths, and Franks.
After the Battle of Poitiers, Duke Eudes was able to hold only a small part of Aquitaine where Bordeaux was located.
It became one of the last cities to fall under King Pepin the Short.
Bordeaux once again became an important city after the marriage of Duchess Eléonore of Aquitaine with Count Henri Plantagenet.
He became King Henry II of England only months after their marriage.
In 1870 the French government moved to Bordeaux for a time.
This was at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian war against Prussia.
The temporary move happened again during World War I and again very briefly during the World War II.
École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématiques et mécanique de Bordeaux
Nantes is a city in France, the prefecture of the Pays de la Loire region and the Loire-Atlantique department, on the Atlantic Ocean.
From the 16th to the 19th centuries, it was the busiest slave trading port in France.
Before 1941, Nantes was part of Brittany.
The Gallo and Breton languages are spoken in the city.
Jules Verne was a famous writer from Nantes.
Nantes has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Friendship relations
Guinea, since 1992.
St. Martinville, Louisiana, U.S., since 1993.
Jericho, West Bank, since 2001.
Desdunes and Petionville, Haiti, since 2005.
Nantes, Quebec, Canada, since 2009.
Nantes Tourist Office Official Website
1st-century BC establishments
Toulouse () is a commune in southwestern France.
It is the capital of the department of Haute-Garonne, as well as of the Occitanie region.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Toulouse.
In 2014, 1.312.304 people live in the urban area, and 466.297 in the city itself.
Toulouse is the 4th largest city of France.
The city has a unique architecture made of pinkish terracotta bricks, which earned it the nickname la Ville Rose ("the Pink City").
Toulouse counts two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Canal du Midi (designated in 1996 and shared with other cities) and the St. Sernin Basilica, the largest remaining Romanesque building in Europe, designated in 1998.
The city was the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom in the 5th century.
It was the capital of the old French province of Languedoc before provinces were abolished during the French Revolution. "
Languedoc" is a contraction of Linguae Occitanae (Latin).
Then it included Roussillon, and was the unofficial capital of the cultural region of Occitania (Southern France).
It is now the capital of the Occitanie region, the largest region in metropolitan France.
The city of Toulouse is along the Garonne river,  from the Mediterranean Sea,  from the Atlantic Ocean, and  from Paris.
The commune has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Toulouse is .
There are an average of 74.0 days of precipitation, with the most rain occurring in May with 7.0 days and the least rain occurring in July with 4.4 days.
The average temperature for the year in Toulouse is .
The inhabitants of Toulouse are known, in French, as Toulousains (women: Toulousaines).
Toulouse has a population, in 2014, of 466,297, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Toulouse is the prefecture of the Haute-Garonne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Toulouse and the administrative centre () of 11 cantons:
Toulouse-1 : part of Toulouse with 54,307 inhabitants  (2014)
Toulouse-2 : part of Toulouse with 55,397 inhabitants (2014)
Toulouse-3 : part of Toulouse with 52,536 inhabitants (2014)
Toulouse-4 : part of Toulouse with 52,753 inhabitants  (2014)
Toulouse-5 : part of Toulouse with 45,521 inhabitants (2014)
Toulouse-6 : part of Toulouse with 55,866 inhabitants (2014)
Toulouse-7 : 3 communes + part of Toulouse with 57,622 inhabitants  (2014)
Toulouse-8 : 1 commune + part of Toulouse with 60,233 inhabitants (2014)
Toulouse-9 : 2 communes + part of Toulouse with 54,205 inhabitants (2014)
Toulouse-10 : 9 communes + part of Toulouse with 56,446 inhabitants  (2014)
Toulouse-11 : 1 commune + part of Toulouse with 48,078 inhabitants (2014)
It is part of the intercommunality Metropolitan Toulouse ().
Atlanta, United States
Bristol, England, United Kingdom
Elx/Elche, Spain
N'Djamena, Chad
Saint-Louis, Senegal
São José dos Campos, Brazil
Zaragoza, Spain
Câmpia Turzii, Romania
École nationale de l'aviation civile
École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques
Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées
Notable births and deaths in Toulouse
Louis Aliot (1969-), French politician
Bernard Werber, writer
Louis-Georges-Gustave de Caunes, journalist
Jean de Coras (1515–1572), judge and humanist
Lucas Puig, professional skateboarder
Antony Rea, mixed martial artist
Pierre de Fermat, lawyer and mathematician
Carlos Gardel, singer, composer
Christine Albanel, politician
Philippe Mexès, footballer
David Skrela, French rugby union player.
Fabien Pelous, rugby player
Frédéric Michalak, rugby player
Patrice Carmouze, journalist
Anne Munaretto, lacrosse player
Jean-Louis Debré, politician
Laetitia Barlerin, veterinarian
Claude Nougaro, parolier, writer and singer, passionate about jazz and language
Solène Jambaqué, alpine skier with hemiplegia, multi-medal winner at the Winter Paralympic Games
Pierre Seel, persecuted homosexual during the Holocaust
Marine Delterme, actress
Laurent Wolf, DJ
Gael Clichy, footballer
Toulouse F.C.
City Council website
Nice (pronounced "neese") is a city in southern France on the Mediterranean coast.
It is a commune in the French department of Alpes-Maritimes.
It has over 345,000 people living in the city as of 2012 (1,000,000 in its metropolitan area).
It has many beaches.
It has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Koeppen climate classification).
Summers are hot, dry, and sunny; winters are mild with moderate rainfall.
From the late 18th century, wealthy British visitors came to Nice, with its beauty and its warm climate.
Queen Victoria was amongst them: she made several visits.
The city's main seaside promenade, the Promenade des Anglais owes its name to these visitors.
The clear air and soft light appeals to painters.
Marc Chagall and Henri Matisse spent years here and are well represented in  the city's museums, the Musée Marc Chagall, Musée Matisse and Musée des Beaux-Arts.
Nice has the second largest hotel capacity in the country and is one of its most visited cities.
It gets 5 million tourists every year.
It also has the third busiest airport in France after the two main Parisian ones.
The cuisine is excellent.
It benefits from the Mediterranean in the form of bouillabaisse (a shellfish dish).
From the end of empire, immigration from Algeria has led to excellent North African dishes such as cous-cous.
Ratatouille and (obviously) salade niçoise are more local dishes.
There is a local dialect, le nissard, nissart, or niçard.
It is a variety of the regional language, Occitan.
It is Italian in style, reminding that the area has been under different sovereignty in the past.
Université Côte-d'Azur
Dances and traditional musics from Nice
Information on Nice Airport
Strasbourg is a city in eastern France, the prefecture of Grand Est.
Today, about 275,000 people live there (with around 780,000 in the metropolitan area).
It lies on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite the German city of Kehl.
Strasbourg is the seat Council of Europe, of the European Court of Human Rights and of the European Parliament.
A lot of people also consider Strasbourg to be the capital of the European Union.
The city was founded in 12 BC by Drusus, the brother of Tiberius.
Its Celtic name was Argentorate (which the Romans called Argentoratum).
People think this name is linked to the river Ill (that flows into the Rhine near Strasbourg).
At that time, it was on the Limes, a fortification the Romans built across Europe (to keep out the Germanic tribes).
There was a fortification (named castella drusi, drusus fort) at that spot.
Soldiers need to live from something, so a local civilian settlement developed there.
Later, the Limes was pushed farther east.
Strasbourg has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
ISG Programme Business & Management
Montpellier is a city in south of France.
About 280,000 people live there.
It is the 8th largest city in France.
A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation academy) is in Montpellier.
The computer science school École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies and E-Artsup are also in the city.
Former regional capitals in France
Lille is a city in the north of France with a population of about 226,800 inhabitants.
It is the capital of the region Hauts-de-France and the Nord
department.,
and is not far from the border with Belgium, where in Dutch it is called .
About two million people live in the urban area (conurbation) shared with Kortrijk and Tournai, which is the fifth largest in France behind Paris, Lyon, Marseille, and Toulouse.
Lille has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
There are two big railway stations in Lille with many trains to and from different places around France and Belgium.
Most of these serve  station and are operated by SNCF, including the TGV high-speed service.
The other big station, , has Eurostar trains to and from Brussels, Paris, and St Pancras station in London via the Channel Tunnel to the United Kingdom.
Public transport in Lille is made up of buses, two metro lines, and two tram lines to the nearby towns of Tourcoing and Roubaix.
The metro system is one of the first in the world that does not have drivers.
Rennes is a city in France, the prefecture of Brittany and the Ille-et-Vilaine department.
Its name is «  » in the Breton language.
University of Rennes 1 (26 000 students)
University of Rennes 2 - Upper Brittany (22 000 students)
A campus of the computer science schools École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées and École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies , the university in electric energy and information sciences Supélec, the engineering school CentraleSupélec.
Twin towns – sister cities
Reims is a commune in France, in the Marne department in the Grand Est region.
NEOMA Business School is located in the city.
Reims Cathedral
Reims Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Reims) is famous by coronation of almost every king of France.
The cathedral was destroyed by fire in 1914 (after an attack by the German army).
Orléans is a city in France, the prefecture of the Centre-Val de Loire region and the Loiret department.
It is on the Loire River and was formerly a busy port.
Dundee, United Kingdom
Treviso, Italy
Kristiansand, Norway
Wichita, United States
Saint-Flour, France
Utsunomiya, Japan
Lugoj, Romania
Parakou, Benin
Perm, Russia
Le Havre is a city in Normandy.
It is one of the most important ports in France.
It is located on the right bank of the Seine river along the English Channel.
The city was bombed during World War II.
The damaged area was rebuilt by Auguste Perret from 1945 to 1964.
This section was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
1517 establishments
1510s establishments in Europe
16th-century establishments in France
A mountain range (mountain chain, mountain belt) is a geographic area with many mountains.
A 'mountain system' or 'system of mountain ranges' includes geological features that are in the same region as a mountain range.
Mountain ranges usually include highlands or mountain passes and valleys.
Individual mountains in the same range do not always have the same geology or petrology.
They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terrains, for example thrust sheets, uplifted blocks, fold mountains, and volcanic landforms.
This results in a variety of rock types.
Major ranges
Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either in the Pacific Ring of Fire or the Alpide Belt.
The Pacific Ring of Fire includes the Andes of South America, extends through the North American Cordillera along the Pacific Coast, the Aleutian Range, on through Kamchatka, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, to New Zealand.
The Andes is  long and is often described as the world's longest mountain system.
The Alpide belt includes Indonesia and southeast Asia, through the Himalayas, and ends in the Alps.
The belt also includes other European and Asian mountain ranges.
The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest, at  of elevation.
Mountain ranges outside of these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera, the world's northernmost mountain system.
If the definition of a mountain range includes underwater mountains, then the ocean ridges form the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of .
Divisions and categories
Many mountain ranges have sub-ranges within them.
It can be thought of as a parent-child relationship.
For example, the Appalachian Mountains range is the parent of its own ranges, two of which are the White Mountains and the Blue Ridge Mountains.
The White Mountains are a child of the Appalachians, and there are also children of the Whites, like the Sandwich Range and the Presidential Range.
The position of mountains influences climate, such as rain or snow.
When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools producing  precipitation (rain or snow).
As the air descends on the leeward side, it warms again and is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture.
Often, a rain shadow will occur on the leeward side of a range.
Mountain ranges are always being eroded.
Erosion is at work while the mountains are being uplifted and long after until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains.
The basins next to an eroding mountain range are filled with sediments which are buried and turned into sedimentary rock.
The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado are an example.
As the uplift was occurring some  of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to the east.
This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift.
Peakbagger Ranges Home Page
Bivouac.com
Straight edge (Often called sXe) is a lifestyle without drugs, tobacco, or alcohol.
Some followers of straight edge also abstain from illegal or casual sex.
For some, no drug use includes caffeine which is a stimulant drug.
Some will accept drugs such as codeine or morphine for medical reasons.
Rouen is a commune.
It is the prefecture of Upper Normandy and the Seine-Maritime department.
In 841 the Vikings conquered Rouen.
It became the capitol of the Duchy of Normandy.
In 1419 the English crown (Henry IV.
of England) conquered the city in the 100-year War between France and England.
On May, 30th of 1431 Jeanne D'Arc (the Virgin of Orleans) was burned in Rouen.
Rouen was occupied by the Germans in the Franco-German War of 1870 to 1873 and in both World Wars.
In the World War II many buildings were destroyed.
Rouen has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
It has a great marine harbor 60 km from the city.
Tourism, transportation, the colleges and the university are most important economic factors.
The Musée des beaux-arts is the museum of art of the city
The Musée maritime fluvial et portuaire is a museum about the history of the port of the city and the navigation
Microcode is the name for a number of instructions or data structures which are involved in implementing higher-level machine language in many processors, especially microprogrammed ones.
Microcode is on memory that is very fast to access.
When a machine level instruction needs to be executed, microcode tells the processor what electronic circuits should be used.
When a new processor is designed, an engineer also writes the microcode for the instructions of machine language.
This is called Microprogramming, the resulting code is called a microprogram.
In early processors, each instruction was hard-wired.
This has several drawbacks, the most obvious is that correcting an error in processor design means that the processor needs to be replaced.
Configure the ALU for addition
Put the value of register A on one input of the ALU
Put the value of register B on one input of the ALU
After waiting a short time, to allow for the addition, the result needs to be copied into a register, which has not been used yet
The value of that register needs to be copied to register A
The next instruction needs to be fetched from memory
Items 1-3, as well as  5-6, can be coded as one instruction.
It is also possible to hard-wire the logic needed for this operation.
This has the benefit of being faster, but the drawback that it no longer allows changes that might be needed later on.
Computational complexity theory is a part of computer science.
It looks at algorithms, and tries to say how many steps or how much memory a certain algorithm takes for a computer to do.
Very often, algorithms that use fewer steps use more memory (or the other way round: if there is less memory available, it takes more steps to do).
Many interesting algorithms take a number of steps that is dependent on the size of the problem.
Different classes of complexity
Constant Complexity
Complexity theory also looks at how a problem changes if it is done for more elements.
A problem of constant complexity class is the only class in which this is not true.
A problem with constant complexity takes the same number of steps to complete no matter the size of the input or the number of elements it is computed on.
Broadcasting a message can be thought of as a problem of constant complexity.
No matter how many people need to receive a message, all can listen on to one single broadcast with no extra broadcasts needed.
Linear complexity
Mowing the lawn can be thought of as a problem with linear complexity.
Mowing an area that is double the size of the original takes twice as long.
Quadratic complexity
Suppose you want to know which of your friends know each other.
You have to ask each pair of friends whether they know each other.
If you have twice as many friends as someone else, you have to ask four times as many questions to figure out who everyone knows.
Problems that take four times as long when the size of the problem doubles are said to have quadratic complexity.
This is often the complexity for problems that involve looking things up, like finding a word in a dictionary.
If the dictionary is twice as big, it contains twice as many words as the original to compare to.
Looking something up will take only one step more.
The algorithm to do lookups is simple.
The word in the middle of the dictionary will be either before or after the term that needs to be looked up, if the words do not match.
If it is before, the term needs to be in the second half of the dictionary.
If it is after the word, it needs to be in the first half.
That way, the problem space is halved with every step, until the word or definition is found.
This is generally known as logarithmic complexity
Exponential complexity
There are problems that grow very fast.
One such problem is known as the Travelling salesman problem.
A salesman needs to take a tour of a certain number of cities.
Each city should only be visited once, the distance (or cost) of the travelling should be minimal, and the salesman should end up where he started.
This problem has exponential complexity.
There are n factorial possibilities to consider.
Adding one city (from n to n+1) will multiply the number of possibilities by (n+1).
Most of the interesting problems have this complexity.
In math, an average is called a mean.
It can be found by adding the numbers, then dividing the answer by the number of numbers there were.
There are other kinds of mean, and other things that are sometimes thought of as "average" such as median or mode (statistics).
In some sports, such as cricket and baseball, averages are used to tell how good a player is (such as batting average).
Sporting averages have special rules for how to find them.
Notable Players
Ademir Menezes
Conca
Delei
Denílson
Henry Welfare
Manfrini
Marcos Carneiro de Mendonça
Oswaldo Gomes
Paulo César Caju
Pintinho
Romerito
Romeu
Samarone
Telê
Valdo
Copa Rio Internacional: 1
Olympic Cup: 1
Série A: 4
1970, 1984, 2010,2012
Brazil Cup: 1
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 1
Torneio Rio-São Paulo: 2
Taça Ioduran: 1
Zona Sul da Taça Brasil: 1
Campeonato Carioca: 31
1906/1907/1908/1909, 1911, 1917/1918/1919, 1924, 1936/1937/1938, 1940/1941, 1946, 1951, 1959, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975/1976, 1980, 1983/1984/1985, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2012
Taça Guanabara: 8
1966, 1969, 1971, 1975, 1983, 1985, 1991, 1993, 2012
Taça Rio: 2
1990, 2005
Torneio Início: 9
1916, 1924, 1925, 1940/1941, 1943, 1954, 1956, 1965
Best Attendances
Ranking Carioca League
Matches 1902/2005
Canal Fluminense - Fluminense´s Daily News
Torcida Tricolor
Football clubs in Rio de Janeiro
1902 establishments
1900s establishments in Brazil
Romanization, or Latinization, is how words and languages that normally do not use the Latin alphabet are converted into Latin letters.
That allows people who do not know the original writing system to read the sounds of the language.
Romanization is one way to show the pronunciation of the language's words.
There are often several standards for romanizing one language.
For the Russian language ,the Soviet Union invented several systems, and the United Nations and the International Organization for Standardization invented two of the others.
Methods for Arabic, Japanese, and Chinese are similarly diverse.
Some romanization systems are based on transcription, some are based on transliteration, and some are based on both.
UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems
U.S. Library of Congress Romanization Tables in PDF format
Java romanization app
One of the few books with lists of romanizations is ALA-LC Romanization Tables, Randall Barry (ed.),
U.S. Library of Congress, 1997, .
Microsoft Transliteration Utility – A free tool for making and using transliteration systems from any alphabet to any other alphabet.
G. Gerych.
Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets.
Ottawa University, April 1965.
126 pp.
Diaspora (, literally, "a scattering or sowing of seeds") is used (without capitals) to refer to any people or racial group living outside their traditional homelands, emigrating and being scattered in distant places and making a new community.
It was first used in the Septuagint to mean the scattering of Jews after the capture of Jerusalem by the Babylonians in 586 BC.
Angers is a city in the west of France.
Around 160,000 inhabitants live inside the city and 300,000 live in the metropolitan area.
It is the capital of the historical province called Anjou.
Today, the name of Anjou is Maine-et-Loire.
The inhabitants of Angers and of Anjou are called 'angevins'.
The city existed before the Roman Empire.
After the Roman conquest, the city was called Juliomagus.
Angers was an important French city during the Middle-Ages.
There is one of the bigger castles of Europe in the city.
It is now the 16th city of France (for its population).
It is an economic center, a touristic and cultural town.
Many festivals happen every year in the city (film festival 'Premiers plans', street festivals 'Tours de scène' and the famous 'Accroches-coeurs').
It has many museums.
The museum of Beaux-Arts (a famous Art museum) and "Apocalypse Tapestry" (the oldest and largest collection of medieval tapestries in the world) are very famous.
There are two universities.
More than 17,000 students go to the 'Université d'Angers' (a state university) and 12,000 go to the 'Université Catholique de l'Ouest' (a private catholic university).
The 'École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers' is one of the most prestigious business school in France.
Road: Motorway A11 to Paris ~295 km and to Nantes ~90 km
Railway: TGV (very quick train) from Angers-St Laud station to Paris in 92 minutes only
International Airports: Angers-Marcé, Nantes-Atlantique
Haarlem, Netherlands, since 1964
Osnabrück, Germany, since 1964
Bamako, Mali, since 1974
Pisa, Italy, since 1982
Wigan, United Kingdom, since 1988
Södertälje, Sweden, since 1998
Seville, Spain, since 2000
Yantai, China, since 2006
Cities in France
Communes in Maine-et-Loire
Toulon is a city in the south of France.
It has about 170,000 people.
Toulon is the prefecture of Var.
Toulon is the third biggest city of the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur after Marseille and Nice.
It is the main base of the Mediterranean Sea fleet of the French Navy.
It is  from the Italian border.
Le Chevallier à découvert, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Laurens Ed.,
Grenoble is a French commune in the Alpine foothills.
It is the prefecture of the Isère department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
It has an oceanic climate  (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation academy) is in Grenoble.
Grenoble School of Management is also in the city, as well as the Université Grenoble-Alpes.
Grenoble-Isère Airport
Twin towers — Sister buildings
It is used in mathematics and other disciplines.
In ordinary use, it means a series of events, one following another.
In maths, a sequence is made up of several things put together, one after the other.
The order that the things are in matters.
For example, both (Blue, Red, Yellow) and (Yellow, Blue, Red) are sequences, but they are not the same.
Sequences made up of numbers are also called progressions.
There are two kinds of sequences.
One kind is finite sequences, which have an end.
For example, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is a finite sequence.
The other kind is infinite sequences, which means that they keep going and never end.
An example of a sequence that is infinite is the sequence of all even numbers, bigger than 0.
This sequence never ends: it starts with 2, 4, 6, and so on, and one can always keep on naming even numbers.
If a sequence is finite, it is easy to say what it is: one can simply write down all the things in the sequence.
This does not work for an infinite sequence.
So another way to write down a sequence is to write a rule for finding the thing in any place one wants.
The rule should tell us how to get the thing in the n-th place, where n can be any natural number.
This means that a sequence is really a special kind of function with natural numbers as its domain.
We sometimes write a sequence as , where  stands for the n-th term of the sequence.
For example, the rule could be that the thing in the n-th place is the number 2×n (2 times n).
This tells us what the whole sequence is, even though it never ends.
The first number is 2×1, which is 2.
The second number is 2×2, or 4.
If we want to know what the 100-th number is, we can simply calculate 2×100 and get 200.
No matter which thing in the sequence we want, the rule can tell us what it is.
Types of sequences
Arithmetic progressions (AP)
So if one takes the first term as a and the constant difference as D, then the general formula for arithmetic sequence is , where n is the number of term.
Geometric progressions (GP)
So if one takes a to be the first term and r to be the ratio, then the general formula for geometric progression is , where n is the number of term.
Harmonic Progressions (HP)
, and so on.
That of a geometric sequence is , if the sequence is infinite, and, if it is finite.
Here, a is the first term, d is the common difference in arithmetic sequence, r is the ratio in geometric sequence and n is the number of term.
About 150,000 people live there.
Famous people from Aix-en-Provence
Paul Cézanne (d. 1906), painter
Aix en Provence Tourist office website
Official site of the town Aix-en-Provence
Amiens is a city in Somme in the former province of Picardy in northern France.
About 145,000 people live there.
The Treaty of Amiens was signed there.
This town at the Historical Association for Joan of Arc Studies
Le Mans is a commune.
Le Mans is a city in France.
It takes about one hour to go to Paris by TGV.
Le Mans is the start of the seventh stage of the 2011 Tour de France.
The city is well known for the 24-hour car race of Le Mans.
Bolton, England, United Kingdom
Haouza, Western Sahara
Paderborn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast, Russia
Suzuka, Japan
Volos, Greece
Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
Tours is a city on the Loire River in the centre of France.
This is the prefecture of the department of Indre-et-Loire and is one of the 22 french metropolis.
Honoré de Balzac 1799-1850, novelist
René Descartes 1596-1650, scientist, mathematican and philosopher
Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, since 1962
Segovia, Spain, since 1972
Parma, Italy, since 1976
Luoyang, People's Republic of China, since 1982
Springfield, USA, since 1984
Trois-Rivières, Canada, since 1987
Takamatsu, Japan, since 1988
Braşov, Romania, since 1990
Minneapolis, USA, since 1991
Communes in Indre-et-Loire
Nancy is a commune.
It is the prefecture of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in the Grand Est region.
It was formerly the capital of the old Duchy of Lorraine.
Nancy has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Limoges ( or Limòtges) is a city and commune, the capital (prefecture) of the Haute-Vienne department and the historical capital of the old Limousin region in west-central France.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of the same name.
The city of Limoges is near the western limits of the Massif Central, in the centre of the Haute-Vienne department.
The Vienne river flows through the city.
Limoges is at about  from Paris,  from Toulouse,  from Bordeaux and  from Marseille.
The commune has an area of .
Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The commune of Limoges is surrounded by the communes:
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Limoges is .
The average temperature for the year in Limoges is .
The inhabitants of Limoges are known, in French, as  Limougeauds (women: Limougeaudes).
With a population of 134,577, Limoges has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Limoges forms, together with other 8 communes, the urban area of Limoges with a population of 183,860 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Limoges, formed by 96 communes, with a population of 283,050 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Limoges is the prefecture of the Haute-Vienne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Limoges and the administrative centre () of 9 cantons
Limoges-1, with 18,316 inhabitants (2014)
Limoges-2, with 15,794 inhabitants (2014)
Limoges-3, with 16,872 inhabitants (2014)
Limoges-4, with 17,434 inhabitants (2014)
Limoges-5, with 18,550 inhabitants (2014)
Limoges-6, with 18,413 inhabitants (2014)
Limoges-7, with 14,833 inhabitants (2014)
Limoges-8, with 16,149 inhabitants (2014)
Limoges-9, with 16,316 inhabitants (2014)
It is part of the intercommunality Limoges Métropole ().
Twinned and partner towns
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Fürth, Germany
Grodno, Belarus
Seto, Japan
Icheon, South Korea
Plzeň, Czech Republic
Limoges Métropole
Clermont-Ferrand is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in central-southern France.
It is the prefecture of the department and the capital of the arrondissement of Clermont-Ferrand and the historical capital of the region of Auvergne.
The modern city was born from the union of two separate towns, Clermont and Montferrand.
This union has been imposed by Louis XIII in 1630 (Edict of Troyes) and was confirmed by Louis XV.
While Montferrand was founded in the early twelfth century by the Counts of Auvergne on the model of fortified cities in the Southwest, Clairmont is much older, as it existed in ancient times.
The earliest mention of the existence of Clairmont contained in the work of Strabo, the early first century.
The city was then known Nemossos described as a "metropolis of Arvernes."
She later took the name of Augustonemetum then Arverni.
To the west of Clermont-Ferrand, there is a plateau where is the Chaîne des Puys, a chain of dormant volcanoes including the Puy de Dôme.
To the north of the city is the plain de Limage, a large plain in the Auvergne region in the valley of the Allier river.
Lyon, the regional capital - ;
Marseille - ;
Nice - ;
Toulouse - .
Clermont-Ferrand is surrounded by the communes:
The average temperature for the year in Clermont-Ferrand, at an altitude of , is .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Clermont-Ferrand is .
The inhabitants of Clermont-Ferrand are known, in French, as Puydômois (women: Puydômoises).
With a population of 141,365, Clermont-Ferrand has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Clermont-Ferrand forms, together with other 16 communes, the urban area of Clermont-Ferrand with a population of 264,704 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Clermont-Ferrand, formed by 184 communes, with a population of 475,694 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Clermont-Ferrand is the prefecture of the Puy-de-Dôme department since 1790.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Clermont-Ferrand and the administrative centre () of six cantons:
Clermont-Ferrand-1, formed by part of Clermont-Ferrand, with 22,260 inhabitants (2014).
Clermont-Ferrand-2, formed by part of Clermont-Ferrand, with 23,991 inhabitants (2014).
Clermont-Ferrand-3, formed by part of Clermont-Ferrand, with 23,934 inhabitants (2014).
Clermont-Ferrand-4, formed by part of Clermont-Ferrand, with 21,592 inhabitants (2014).
Clermont-Ferrand-5, formed by part of Clermont-Ferrand, with 25,415 inhabitants (2014).
Clermont-Ferrand-6, formed by part of Clermont-Ferrand, with 24,173 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Clermont Auvergne Métropole.
City council website
Local tourism website
Villeurbanne is a city in France.
About 130,000 people live there.
Communes in Rhône
Exile On Main St. was one of The Rolling Stones'  albums.
It was released in 1972 and includes the hit songs "Happy" and "Tumbling Dice".
1972 albums
Rock and roll albums
R&B albums
Blues albums
Soul albums
Country albums
Blues rock albums
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a programming interface for 3D graphics which helps computer programmers make their 3D graphics perform better and faster by running parts of their programs on a video card (GPU) rather than just the central processor (CPU).
Programming interfaces like OpenGL are usually called an "API," which stands for "Application Programming Interface".
OpenGL is often compared to Direct3D, an API for 3D graphics on Windows.
Programming for Direct3D is different in some ways because the APIs use different naming schemes for talking to a computer's graphics driver, which means that programmers need to write different code for OpenGL and Direct3D to do the same things.
OpenGL is owned by the Khronos Group, and is an example of open source software.
This means that all of OpenGL's programming, and the explanations for how the programming all works, can be viewed, copied, revised, and re-released by anyone.
GLFW -- Library for creating OpenGL contexts.
GLEW -- Extension wrangler library for newer OpenGL features.
OpenGL Overview and OpenGL.org's Wiki with more information on OpenGL Language bindings
SGI's OpenGL website
Khronos Group, Inc.
The Māori language (, shortened to Te Reo) is the language of the Māori and an official language of New Zealand.
It is an Austronesian language.
Although it is an official language, not many people speak it fluently.
In the 2013 census, about 149,000 people, (3.7% of the population) said that they could have a conversation in Māori about a lot of everyday things.
The language can be seen everywhere throughout New Zealand, as many of the placenames are Māori, such as Whangarei, Rotorua, and Timaru.
Lots of government or city buildings use te reo on their signs as well as English, and most of the public schools have a Māori name as well as an English one.
Some Māori people living in Australia also speak the language.
Te Reo Māori did not have a writing system until the Europeans arrived.
In 1817, a Ngāpuhi chief, Tītori, and his relative Tui worked with Professor Samuel Lee and prepared a writing system for te reo.
Movie criticism is the evaluation of a movie.
People who write their opinions about movies in newspapers and magazines or talk about movies on television, the Internet or on radio shows are called movie critics.
Some movie critics also write books about movies and the history of movies.
Some movie critics studied movie or movie history in a university before becoming a movie critic.
Other movie critics are people who have experience making movies, for example as a movie director or screenwriter.
Some movie critics studied other subjects in university that are related to movie, such as English Literature or theatre.
Related occupations
Movie theorists study the way stories are told in movies, and examine how movie directors, screenwriters, and cinematographers use images and sounds on the movie screen.
Movie theorists usually work in universities, in movie studies or media departments.
Some movie theorists, such as Francois Truffaut are also involved in other movie-related jobs, such as being a movie critic and a director.
Movie historians study the history of different aspects of movie production and distribution.
Television critics write their opinions about television shows in newspapers and magazines or talk about television shows on television or on radio shows.
Some television critics also write books about television and the history of television shows.
Movie critics Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel once hosted a successful movie review show called At the Movies.
Television scholars study the impact of television shows on culture.
Roger Ebert became the first movie critic to win a Pulitzer Prize.
After his win, many other critics were awarded with this honor.
Notable movie critics
Joe Siegel
Andrew Sarris
McCarthyism is the term describing a period of intense anti-Communist suspicion in the United States which began during the start of the Cold War, that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the mid to late 1950s.
The term gets its name from U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy, a Republican of Wisconsin.
The period of McCarthyism is also referred to as the Second Red Scare (The First Red Scare happened after the Bolshevik October Revolution of 1917, that lasted from the late 1910s to the late 1920s).
It happened at the same times as increased fears of Communist influence on American institutions, espionage by Soviet agents such as the Rosenbergs, heightened tension from Soviet control over Central and Eastern Europe, the success of the Chinese Communist Revolution (1949) and the Korean War (1950-1953).
There is a play called 'The Crucible' which is about the beginning of the Salem Witch Trials, but also about McCarthyism.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum.
Syphilis is usually spread by sexual contact.
However, a fetus can get syphilis from its mother while she is pregnant or during childbirth.
This is called congenital syphilis.
There are four stages of syphilis: the primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages.
In each stage, the signs and symptoms of syphilis are different.
In the primary stage, a person usually just has a wound on their skin, called a "chancre."
In the secondary stage, a person usually gets a rash.
In the "latent" stage, syphilis has few or no symptoms.
If syphilis reaches the tertiary stage, which is the most severe, it causes many serious symptoms.
These can include problems with the nervous system (the brain and nerves) and problems with the heart.
Eventually, many people with tertiary syphilis will die if they do not get medical treatment.
Syphilis is usually diagnosed with blood tests.
The bacteria that causes syphilis can also be seen under a microscope.
Most people who have syphilis can be treated and cured with antibiotics.
By 1999, more than 12 million people around the world had gotten syphilis.
More than 90% of these people (10.8 million) lived in the developing world.
Syphilis got much less common after penicillin became available in the 1940s.
At that time, penicillin was used as a treatment for syphilis, and often cured the disease.
However, since 2000, syphilis is becoming more common again.
Syphilis can be a very dangerous disease if it is not treated.
Without treatment, 8% to 58% of people with syphilis die from the disease.
Syphilis also makes a person two to five times more likely to get Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
Stages of syphilis
After a person gets syphilis, the disease begins in the primary stage.
A person gets syphilis by having sex with a person who has syphilis.
Usually, the person who has syphilis has wounds on their genitals caused by syphilis.
Touching these wounds during sex (including oral sex or anal sex) can give a person syphilis.
Later, a chancre (skin sore) usually appears at the place on the body that touched the infected wounds.
The chancre can be painful.
The most common type of chancre gets bigger and bigger until it becomes an ulcer.
Chancres can appear in places other than the genitals.
In women, chancres most often appear on the cervix - the bottom of the uterus.
Some people get no chancres at all.
Many people who have secondary syphilis (40–85% of women and 20–65% of men) say they never had a chancre during the primary stage.
Around the place where syphilis entered the body, the lymph nodes usually get bigger about 7 to 10 days after the chancre forms.
If the person does not get treatment, their wound(s) can last for three to six weeks.
Secondary stage
If a person does not get treatment, syphilis will get worse.
The secondary stage of syphilis will start about four to ten weeks after the person first got infected.
Secondary syphilis can cause many different symptoms.
However, the most common three symptoms are:
Sores on the mucous membranes (like the nose, throat, genitals, or anus)
A rash on the chest, back, hands, and/or feet
Swollen lymph nodes
All of the sores that people get during this stage can spread syphilis.
The bacteria lives inside the wounds.
The symptoms of secondary syphilis usually get better after three to six weeks.
However, in about 25% of cases (1 out of every 4), these symptoms can return.
Latent stage
In the latent stage of syphilis, a person has no symptoms, but blood tests show that he has syphilis.
Latent syphilis is described as either early or late.
The early latent stage: In the United States, latent syphilis is called "early" if it has been less than one year since the person had secondary syphilis.
In the United Kingdom, latent syphilis is called "early" if it has been less than two years.
In this stage, the symptoms of secondary syphilis can still come back.
The late latent stage: People enter this stage when it has been more than one year (in the U.S.) or more than two years (in the U.K.) since they had secondary syphilis.
People in this stage have no symptoms, and do not spread syphilis as easily as people in the early latent stage.
Tertiary stage
If a person with syphilis does not get treatment, the disease can reach the worst stage - tertiary syphilis.
Usually this happens about three to 15 years after the person first got infected.
Without treatment, one-third of people with syphilis get tertiary disease.
People with tertiary syphilis cannot infect other people with syphilis.
Gummatous syphilis (late benign syphilis)
Gummatous syphilis can happen anywhere from one to 46 years after the person first got syphilis.
On average, it happens after 15 years.
It causes soft, tumor-like balls of inflammation (swelling), of many different sizes.
Usually they appear on the skin, bone, and liver, but they can happen anywhere.
Neurosyphilis
In neurosyphilis, the syphilis infects the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord).
In some people, neurosyphilis happens soon after they get syphilis.
(This is called early neurosyphilis.)
Some of these people have no symptoms of neurosyphilis.
Others get syphilitic meningitis, a dangerous infection of the meninges (the protective layers which line the brain and spinal cord).