the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Although many Japanese people sleep in a bed, they say "I sleep on futon"; it means to go to bed.
Futon now means things that Japanese people sleep on, including beds.
Types of futon
Many companies make futons, and there are many kinds of futons.
Futons are made from chemical fibers like polyester, natural fibers like cotton, feather, down and wool.
Japanese quilts usually contain feathers and Japanese mattress usually contain wool.
The Japanese quilt can keep in heat and moisture, depending on what it is made from.
Usually, a futon that includes over 50% hemp or cotton is called a Menfuton.
This is popular all over the world.
Futons made from down are called quilt down.
This retains heat, so this is a high-class futon.
Futons made from feathers are called comforters.
This is cheap and is common around the world.
Futons made from chemical fibers are called chemical fiber futons.
This is cheap so this is popular.
Futons made from wool are called Yomo futon.
These are warm.
In winter, people generally use Hadafuton like a blanket to keep warm.
In summer, people generally use Towelket like a big towel or Seer quilt which are cooler.
Futons are generally used with a futon cover, because these make it easy to keep the futon clean.
People generally use futons so they can sleep comfortably, stay warm and support their bodies while asleep.
People usually sweat during sleep, so futons absorb sweat and collect moisture.
Futons have to be hung out in sunlight to keep them dry, this is called futon-hoshi.
If this is not done, ticks and mold could grow on the futon and it will become dirty and insanitary.
Futons need to be looked after properly.
In the 14th century, (1300s) most people slept on straw mats, but the nobles slept on tatami.
These were not as soft as futons are now.
It was said that they were hard and uncomfortable.
For a very long time, people covered themselves with their clothes to keep warm.
Most people slept nude.
Rich people never did such things.
In the 17th century, (1600s?)
bedclothes were made.
People made it by stuffing cloth with cotton and wool.
These bedclothes are the original form of the futon.
In the 18th century, (1700s) futon production started (because there was more domestic cotton available).
At that time, futons were too expensive to buy for average people.
They could cost 1,200,000 yen.
Futons were important gifts and many men gave them to women in order to seduce them.
Prostitutes were sometimes presented with futons by rich men.
Prostitutes could be ranked by counting the futons; the higher ranks of prostitutes received more futons.
In those days, futon meant a  mattress, not a quilt.
For a quilt, people commonly used  (よぎ, literally "nightclothes").
Yogis are kimono-shaped bedclothes.
In the Kansai area, they used a square thing like a blanket, a fusuma.
The quilt is said to have evolved long before it.
In the 19th century, (1800s?)
most people were able to buy futons.
The import of the raw cotton began, and many factories were built.
Because of industrial development, making futons was easier and more efficient than before.
This made the price become down and people were able to afford them.
Modern futons
Some new futons today are inflatable.
People use pillows on futons now.
How to look after a Japanese futon .
Futon iyoho site.
Ofutonnohito.
Retrieved on 13 May 2009.
Matsumoto, Yousuke(2008).
Seikatsu Handbook.
Daiichigakusyuusya, Tokyo.
p. 64.
Inside Japan.
NISHIKAWA LIVING web.
NISIKAWA LIVING Inc. 27 May 2009.
Sagami web.
Retrieved on 3 June 2009.
Futonnorekishi.
Retrieved on 12 May 2009.
Johnny & Associates (, janīzu jimusho in Japanese) is a well-known boys entertainment company in Japan.
It was established in 1963 by Johnny Kitagawa.
It accepts and trains talented boys and promotes their debuts to the entertainment industry.
Although Johnny & Associates once accepted female idol candidates in 1980s, it now only takes boys as its candidates.
Starting with group name "Johnnys" in 1962, Johnny & Associates has debuted over 20 groups so far.
It has currently more than 10 groups actively participating in the entertainment industry.
The most famous groups of today include SMAP (since 1991), TOKIO (1994), V6 (1996), Kinki Kids (1997), Arashi (1999), Tackey and Tsubasa (2001), NewS (2003), Kanjani∞ (2005), KAT-TUN (2006), and Hey!
JUMP (2007).
Johnny & Associates has been introducing a new idol group almost every other year, and in 2009, Nakayama Yuma with B.I. Shadow made its debut in June.
It is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, between Highgate and Tufnell Park.
It is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3.
Archway station on Multimap
Arnos Grove is a London Underground station on the Piccadilly line between Bounds Green and Southgate.
The station is in Travelcard Zone 4 and is in Arnos Grove - near Arnos Park on Bowes Road, London.
The station and the surrounding neighbourhood of Arnos Grove take their names from the Arnos Grove estate, which was north of the station.
The station is the first surface station north after the long tunnelled section from Barons Court via Central London.
Charles Holden.com - Early image of Arnos Grove tube station
The Guardian's Great Modern Buildings Series
Arnos Grove 3D model for Google Earth
Tube stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Grade II listed buildings in London
Grade II listed railway stations
Railway stations opened in 1932
Charles Holden buildings
The Cuba Libre (IPA /'kuβ̞a'liβ̞ɾe/ in Spanish, kjuːbʌ liːbɹeɪ/ in English, "Free Cuba") is a cocktail made of Cola, rum, and lime.
Also referred as Rum and Coke in United States and Canada, it is usually served in a highball glass.
The exact recipe of the drink is 2 oz of light rum, juice of 1/2 limes, and cola, although variation in rum is possible according to taste.
After pouring the lime juice into the highball glass, add rum, fill the rest of the glass with cola, and then stir.
The exact history of Cuba Libre is uncertain.
Generally accepted theory is that the drink was invented in Havana, Cuba around 1900, after Cuba’s liberation and when Coke was first introduced to Cuba.
Nanta is a popular Korean musical.
It is a non-verbal performance using the traditional Korean "Samulnori" rhythm.
Nanta received an award for Best Performance at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1999.
Since then, it has been performed successfully in many foreign countries.
In 2004, Nanta opened a long running show on Broadway, in New York, a first for an Asian musical.
Nanta is presented through music and motions, so there is no language barrier.
This musical combines traditional rhythms of Korean samulnori with modern musical forms including rock music and jazz.
This musical creates unique but familiar experience to a world audience.
It is a comedy where everyone in the audience can join in the performance.
The audience interacts with the performers in many ways.
The official web site
The Boeing 777 is a long range, twin-engine, widebody commercial airliner.
It is the world's largest twinjet plane.
It is often called the "Triple Seven".
It can carry between 283 and 368 passengers.
It has a range from 5235 to 9380 nautical miles.
The first 777-200 model first entered service in 1995.
The stretched 777-300 was introduced in 1998.
That model is  longer.
The longer-range 777-300ER and 777-200LR models entered service in 2004 and 2006, respectively.
A freighter version, the 777F, first flew in 2008.
Beginning in 2019, Boeing will deliver a new version of the 777, the 777X.
More than 60 airlines operate one or more kinds of the Boeing 777.
Of them, Emirates has the most in its fleet: more than 100 of them are in service or on order.
Other airlines that operate a lot of 777s include United Airlines, Air France, Cathay Pacific, and American Airlines.
777-200 (772)
777-200ER (772)
777-200LR "Worldliner" (77L)
777-300 (773)
777-300ER (77W)
777F
777-8 (778)
777-9 (779)
The 777-200 was the first and original type of 777.
It was first flown on June 12, 1994 and entered service with United Airlines on June 7, 1995.
It was made to fly up to 440 people in a single class layout, and could fly 5240 nautical miles (9700 km).
88 777-200 were made, with no -200 waiting to be made.
The 777-200ER ("ER" for Extended Range) is an extended range version and the B-market model of the original 777-200.
This means it could fly longer than the original version.
Although the number of passengers able to be carried remains the same, the range of the -200ER is increased to 7725 nautical miles (14,305 km).
422 -200ER were made, with no -200ER waiting to be made.
The 777-200LR ("LR" for Longer Range) is a longer-range version and the C-market model of the 777-200.
The 777-200LR holds the record for longest-ever flight, totaling 22 hours, 42 minutes and flew 11,664 nautical miles from Hong Kong to London.
It has a capacity of 301 passengers.
The 777-300 was launched at the Paris Air Show on June 26, 1995, its major assembly started in March 1997 and its body was joined on July 21, it was rolled-out on September 8 and made its first flight on October 16 and it entered service with Cathay Pacific on June 27, 1998.
The 777-300 was designed as a stretch of its fuselage by 20% from the 200's version and have extra seats.
The 777-300ER is the B-market version of the 777-300.
This means the 777-300ER have a higher maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) and can fly with a maximum range up to 7,370 nautical miles (13,650 km) with 396 passengers in a two-class seating arrangement.
The 777-300ER features raked and extended wingtips, a strengthened fuselage and wings and a modified main landing gear.
Its wings have an aspect ratio of 9.0.
It is powered by the GE90-115B turbofan, the world's most powerful jet engine with a maximum thrust of 115,300 lbf (513 kN).
777-8 and -9
Launched in November 2013, the under development 777X will feature GE9X new engines, new carbon fiber wings with folding wingtips and a denser cabin.
The longer 777-9, seating 414 over 7,600 nmi (14,075 km), should fly in the first quarter of 2019 and be delivered from December 2019, while the shorter 777-8 would seat 365 over 8,700 nmi (16,110 km).
Seo Tai-ji (b. February 21, 1972) is a South Korean singer.
He was a member of the group Seo Tai Ji and Boys.
The songs and performances of this group were very good at that time.
However, Seo Tai Ji and Boys broke up.
This many fans.
After a few years, Seo Tai Ji released a new solo album.
He introduced many new forms of music to South Korea after his comeback.
Until even now Seo Tai Ji has a large effect on the singers and other people in South Korea.
Fans of Seo Tai Ji call him Daejang which is the word for "captain" in Korean.
He is also called the ‘President of Culture.’
Cyworld is a social networking service created by SK communications.
The name can be interpreted in two ways.
The first meaning is simply short for "cyber world" and the second meaning is "사이(Korean word for relationship) world."
In Cyworld, making the raltionship as friends is called "being 1chon".
1chon means very very close relative like family in Korea.
The users can easily update pictures, videos clips, and blogs and share them with other users through what is called "minihompy."
It is similar to that of Facebook or Myspace in U.S.
The statistics shows that there are about 22,000,000 users in South Korea, which is about the half of the population of South Korea.
Although it is mainly used by Koreans, the SK communications has expanded the cyworld services into other countries, such as China, Japan, Vietnam, and U.S.A starting on 2005.
Yoo Young Chul is a South Korean criminal.
He is a thief, burglar, robber, fraudster, batterer and serial killer.
He murdered 21 women from September 2003 to July 2004 in Seoul, the capital of South Korea.
The victims were all women, including a bride who was going to marry the next day.
After he was arrested on July 18th 2004, he claimed that he had killed 26 people.
However, according to investigation done by The Korea Public Prosecutor’s Office, it was found that he murdered 21 people.
The judge gave him the death penalty on December 13rd, 2004, instead of life imprisonment because of the cruelty of his murders.
The judge considered Yoo Young Chul’s statement that if he wasn’t arrested, he would have chopped even 100 people into pieces.
The chief judge said “considering the pain the victims’ family suffered and panic prevailed in the society, he cannot avoid the top penalty.”
He is living on death row.
He said that he started murdering because of hatred toward women caused by his divorce.
He got a score of 38 on psychopath test where the maximum score is 40.
The closer the score is to 40, the more likely that the test-taker is a psychopath.
But, psychiatrists made a diagnosis that he was normal and that he could act according to his own true will.
So, the fact that he was psychopath could not justify the crime he committed.
This shocking event made many people in Korea pay attention to psychopath and this criminal case was made into a movie named "Chu-Gyuk-Ja" which means "The Chaser" in English.
http://sstv.freechal.com/News/Detail.aspx?cSn=1&pSn=41787
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=038&aid=0000262424
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=032&aid=0000098551
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=052&aid=0000060752&
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=052&aid=0000060617&
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=087&aid=0000024041
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=055&aid=0000034349&
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=032&aid=0000098363
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=034&aid=0000157809
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=001&aid=0000850683
Burglars
Men at Work is an Australian reggae-influenced rock band that formed in 1979 in St. Kilda, a suburb of Melbourne.
Men at Work often used woodwind and brass instruments.
In 1986, they disbanded, but in 1996 they reformed and are still playing.
Their biggest success they had in the 1980s.
Their biggest hit song was "Down Under" which went to Number 1 on the charts in the USA and UK.
They are the only Australian band to have both a single and an album at No 1.
on the US charts at the same time.
1980s disestablishments in Australia
Ji became well known to Koreans, along with those who escaped with him, as their hostage taking was broadcast live all over Korea.
Ji became famous for his saying “If you have money, non-guilty.
If you don't have money, guilty.”
The phrase criticized social and income inequality of the 1980s Korean society.
Also, it raised the issue of “Preventive Custody Policy,” which separated prisoners from the society for a while even after their prison term was over in a preventative approach to potential crimes.
On October 8, 1988, 12 prisoners from Youngdeungpo Prison escaped into Seoul city during their transfer to Kongju Prison.
Although they were known to Koreans as cruel and inhumane criminals, they were actually accused of robbery and other small crimes.
They escaped because they were enraged by the idea of “Preventive Custody Policy,” and that trials were conducted unfairly to the poor.
Their prison term for stealing 5,000,000 won was longer than that of Jun Kyung Hwan, brother of the former Korean president, who had embezzled approximately 60,000,000,000 won.
Among the 12 escapees, 4 out of 5 managed to stay unarrested until the very end.
They are Ji Kang Hun (35 years old), An Kwang Sul (22), Kang Young Il (21), and Han E-Chul (20).
They moved in search of shelters from houses to houses in Seoul.
On October 15th, they smuggled into Ko’s house in Seodaemungu Bukjakadong and took hostage of his family.
This hostage taking was broadcasted live on television.
Ko managed to sneak out from the house at 4:00 AM in the morning and informed the police.
The house was surrounded immediately by more than 1000 police force.
The standoff between the escapees and the police started from 4:40 AM.
At about 12:00 PM, Kang Young Il came out of the house in an effort to negotiate with the police.
He tried to get back to the house, but was stopped by Ji who shot a gun before Kang’s feet.
Ji stated that this was his last gift to Kang.
Then, two of other escapees, An Kwang Sul and Han E-Chul committed suicide in the other room.
Ji asked the police for a cassette tape, Holiday by Beegees.
He shouted out to the reporters, policemen, and those who were at the scene, “If you have money, non-guilty.
He tried to kill himself by stabbing his throat with a piece of glass that he had shattered from the window while listening to Holiday.
During the process of rescuing the hostages, Ji was shot two times by the Special Squad in the house.
He died the same day at the hospital for excessive loss of blood.
To this day, the phrase “If you have money, non-guilty.
If you don’t have money, guilty” is used to criticize politicians or elites in corporations who get away with bribery and embezzlement.
A movie based on his escape, “Holiday,” was made in Korea in 2006.
The title was named after a song by Beegees, which Ji Kang Hun asked for at the hostage taking scene
"Hostage Taking on Sunday" video from MBC iMTV
October 16th 1988 News from MBC
Valya Mladenova Balkanska (born January 8, 1942) is a Bulgarian folk music singer.
She is most famous for performing the song Izlel je Delyo hajdutin, which was sent to space on board the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes in 1977.
Valya Balkanska was born in a hamlet consisting of seven houses near the village of Arda in the Rhodope Mountains.
Since her childhood years she has been singing Rhodopean folk songs, which she learned from her mother and grandmother, as well as at work-bee parties.
In 1960 she became the main soloist of the Rhodopa State Ensemble for Folk Songs and Dances.
She was only 18 years old at that time.
Up to this day Balkanska has performed more than 300 folk songs, having been accompanied by the bagpipe player Petar Yanev for the last 14 years.
The most important moment in Balkanska's career came with the folk song Izlel je Delyo hajdutin, which she recorded together with the bagpiper Dimitar Petkovski.
In 1972 it became part of the Voyager Golden Record, a collection of songs, sounds and images from our planet, which also contains works of famous composers such as Mozart, Bach, Beethoven, and Stravinsky.
NASA put copies of the record in the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes and launched them on August 20, 1977.
According to Carl Sagan, one of the creators of the Voyager Golden Record, only advanced alien civilizations would be able to play it.
In 2004 Balkanska released an album called Glas ot vechnostta (Voice from the Eternity), comprising some of her most popular songs such as A bre yunache ludo i mlado, Goro le goro zelena, and Maychinko stara maychinko.
Balkanska received numerous awards throughout her career as a folk music singer.
One of her favourite recognitions is a golden statuette from the Art Olympiad in Los Angeles in 1997.
In 2002 the Bulgarian president honoured her with a Stara Planina medal, considered the highest national award.
In the same year she also received the Golden Lyre award by the Union of Bulgarian Musicians and Dancers.
Balkanska became an awardee of the Golden Phenomenon prize for helping the popularization of Bulgarian folk music and culture and for the same reason she was the first Bulgarian to be honoured by UNESCO as a "citizen of the planet".
According to Time Magazine she is one of the people symbolizing the future of Europe, stating that apart from being "a legend in her own country, Valya Balkanska is very much a legend in space, too".
Since December 2005 she has her own star plate on the Bulgarian Walk of Fame.
In 2005 Balkanska was also one of the nominees for the St. Paisiy Hilendarski national award for notable artists and performers.
In May 2009 the Bulgarian Association of Regional Media chose her as The Most Exceptional Bulgarian Woman.
In 2008 Standard, a Bulgarian daily newspaper, conducted a survey on what Bulgarians consider as their most important symbol of national pride.
Nearly 22 thousand readers of Standard's online edition from more than 10 countries around the world took part in the poll.
Among the 23 possible choices, Valya Balkanska came in first with 9.46% of the votes.
She ranked higher than the inventor of the computer John Atanasoff, the world record holder in the women's high jump Stefka Kostadinova, and even the declaration of independence of Bulgaria in 1908.
Izlel e Delio Haidutin on Youtube
Bulgarian singers
The Commercial Act of South Korea () is the law that controls commerce in South Korea.
It was originally enacted on 1 January 1963.
It currently consists of 5 main chapters: General Provisions, Commercial Transactions, Company, Insurance, and Maritime Commerce.
Amendments (changes) were made in 1963, 1984, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2008 and 2009.
The biggest changes were made to comply with rules made by the International Monetary Fund.
These changes were made during South Korea's foreign currency crisis in 1998.
They were commentated to support corporate restructuring and improving accountability and transparency of management through efficient monitoring.
The concept of directors' fiduciary duty of loyalty was introduced into the statute in the Commercial Act and was imposed as a statutory obligation of directors of stock companies.
The Commercial Act also newly included the concept of de facto directors liable for damages under certain circumstances.
This enabled the Commercial Act to enhance managerial accountability by holding "owners", who do not hold any official corporate directorship, liable for mis-management and misconduct.
Additionally, through the introduction of the shareholder proposal rights, the status of minority shareholders improved, securing the opportunities of minority shareholders to propose certain issues to the board of directors and the general shareholders' meeting.
Hwa-Jin Kim (1999) "Living with the IMF: a New Approach to Corporate Governance and Regulation of Financial Institutions in Korea", 17 Berkeley Journal International Law.
The Korean Commerce Code (상법/商法): § 382-3, 401-2, 363-2
Economy of South Korea
History of South Korea
Give the woman anesthesia
Slowly dilate (widen) the cervix
Put a curette (a spoon-shaped tool with a sharp edge) into the uterus through the cervix
Use the curette to take out parts of the lining of the uterus.
A D&C can be used for many reasons.
To take tumors out of the uterus
To diagnose problems like cancer of the uterus
To take out tissues from a fetus or placenta, after a miscarriage or a medical abortion, which will stop bleeding
Rajneesh (11 December 1931 – 19 January 1990) was an  Indian mystic, guru, and spiritual teacher.
Among many gurus who brought forms of yoga to the West, he is one of the most notable.
He freely invented yogic and tantric practices, characteristics of Neo-Hinduism that began to emerge in the 1870s.
His international following has continued after his death.
Rajneesh was born Chandra Mohan Jain; he was known as the Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh during the 1970s and 1980s, and finally as Osho in the last year of his life.
He was born in a small village in the Gadarwara town of Narsinghpur District of Madhya Pradesh state in north India.
He spent most of his childhood with his maternal grandparents, which he later mentioned as "the blessing in his life" for its carefree environment.
He entered college at his age of nineteen.
Asked by the principal to leave the college, he transferred to D.N. Jain College and completed his B.A. in philosophy in 1955.
After obtaining his M.A. in philosophy in University of Sagar in 1957, he started teaching at Raipur Sanskrit College and became a professor at Govt.
Mahakaushal Mahavidyalaya, Pachpedhi, Jabalpur affiliated to Jabalpur University in 1960 now known as Rani Durgavati vishwavidyalaya.
While teaching at colleges, he became known as a public speaker.
He resided in a rented house on Garha Road leading from Ranital Crossing to Garha sub-town around 1957-59 period in a simple house and did all his routine work by himself.
In those days he used to meditate in Bhawar Tal Park of Jabalpur City under the "Maulshri" tree which is still preserved and known as "Osho Tree" in the Park. (
based on personal knowledge as a student of Mahakaushal College (now Govt,  College of Arts & Science) 1956-60.
As a professor of philosophy, he traveled throughout India in the 1960s as a public speaker.
He was a critic of socialism, Mahatma Gandhi, and other stalwarts of Indian politics, including institutionalised religions.
He advocated a more open attitude towards sexuality:  so the press called him a "sex guru".
In 1970, he settled for a time in Bombay initiating disciples, known as neo-sannyasins, and expanded his spiritual teaching and work.
In his discourses, he reinterpreted writings of religious traditions, mystics, and philosophers from around the world.
Moving to Poona in 1974, he established an ashram that attracted increasing numbers of Westerners.
Ashrams
Poona
The Poona ashram was by all accounts an exciting and intense place to be, with an emotionally charged, madhouse-carnival atmosphere.
The day began at 6:00 a.m. with Dynamic Meditation.
From 8:00 a.m., Rajneesh gave a 60- to 90-minute spontaneous lecture in the ashram's "Buddha Hall" auditorium, commenting on religious writings or answering questions from visitors and disciples.
Until 1981, lecture series held in Hindi alternated with series held in English.
During the day, various meditations and therapies took place, whose intensity was ascribed to the spiritual energy of Rajneesh's "buddhafield".
In evening darshans, Osho conversed with individual disciples or visitors and initiated disciples ("gave sannyas").
The ashram offered therapies derived from the Human Potential Movement to its Western audience and made news in India and abroad, chiefly because of its permissive climate and Osho's provocative lectures.
By the end of the 1970s, there were mounting tensions with the Indian government and the surrounding society.
A situation rose when Rajneesh entered a three-and-a-half-year period of self-imposed public silence on 10 April 1981.
He occupied himself with satsangs—silent sitting with music and readings from spiritual works, and gave no discourses.
Around the same time, Ma Anand Sheela replaced Ma Yoga Laxmi as Rajneesh's secretary.
Later in 1981 Rajneesh moved to the United States, and his followers established a community, later known as Rajneeshpuram, in the state of Oregon.
Within a year, the leadership of the commune became embroiled in a conflict with local residents, primarily over land use, which was marked by hostility on both sides.
Rajneesh lived in a trailer next to a covered swimming pool and other amenities.
He did not lecture and only saw most of the residents when, daily, he would slowly drive past them as they stood by the road.
He gained public notoriety for the many Rolls-Royces bought for his use, eventually numbering 93 vehicles.
This made him the largest single owner of the cars in the world.
Influence of Ma Anand Sheela
Ma Anand Sheela (born Sheela Ambatal Patel, 28 December 1949) was Rajneesh's personal secretary from 1981 to 1985.
On 10 July 1981, she purchased the  Big Muddy Ranch to create the Rajneeshpuram, Oregon commune.
She was the main manager and spokesperson.
She carried a .357 Magnum handgun, and created a Rajneeshpuram police force armed with Uzi submachine guns and a Jeep-mounted .30-calibre machinegun.
It was under Sheela's influence that Rajneesh decided to travel to the United States and begin an ashram there.
While at Rajneeshpuram, Rajneesh depended on Sheela to manage the organisation.
She was seen as Rajneesh's principal aide, and as second-in-command of the organisation.
She was also president of Rajneesh Foundation International.
The two of them met each day in private to go over significant matters for the group.
Sheela ran the operations of virtually all of the sub-groups under Rajneesh's movement, as well as Rajneeshpuram itself.
Rancho Rajneesh was administered through the inner circle of followers managed by Sheela.
She made decisions for the organisation in meetings with followers in her own private living space.
In addition, Sheela would make decisions for the organisation by herself or after meeting with Rajneesh.
Those followers of Rajneesh that did not abide by her rulings risked being kicked out of Rajneeshpuram.
According to Bioterrorism and Biocrimes, "This peculiar decision-making style had a significant impact on the group's move to employ biological agents".
The Oregon commune collapsed in 1985 when Rajneesh revealed that the commune leadership had committed a number of serious crimes, including a 1984 bioterror attack (food contamination) on the citizens of The Dalles, Oregon.
He was arrested shortly afterwards and charged with immigration violations, and was deported from the United States in accordance with a plea bargain.
Ma Anand Sheela was sentenced to three concurrent 20-year prison sentences, for assault, attempted murder, telephone tapping, immigration fraud and product tampering.
She served 29 months before being released on parole.
Upon release, she left immediately for Switzerland, where she now manages two nursing homes.
After the collapse
Twenty-one countries denied him entry, causing Osho to travel the world before returning to Poona, where he died in 1990.
His ashram is today known as the Osho International Meditation Resort.
His teachings emphasised the importance of meditation, awareness, love, celebration, courage, creativity and humour—qualities that he viewed as being suppressed by adherence to static belief systems, religious tradition and socialisation.
Osho's teachings have had an impact on Western New Age thought,p177 and their popularity has increased since his death.p182
One of his strong hopes was creating what he called "new man", who embodies characteristics of Gautama Buddha and Zorba the Greek  at the same time.
Through this concept, Rajneesh tried to reject neither science nor spirituality, but embrace them both.
According to him, “New man” is not subject to one’s sex and does not belong to institutions such as family, political ideologies, or religions.
Books by Rajneesh
Many books of his teachings were published.
They followed a pattern: he would give talks, they would be recorded.
The tapes would be worked up into a typed manuscript by some of his followers.
The manuscripts would be published, at first in India, and without ISBN numbers, so they were at first bought by his admirers.
Later some of the best were reprinted in the West.
His talks covered a wide range of religions and philosophies.
The total number of books is not known, but it was certainly more than 30.
1974 The book of the secrets I: discourses on Vigyana Bhairava Tantra.
The Rajneesh Foundation, Poona, India.
Reprinted 1976 by Thames & Hudson, London. .
This book is about meditation, and there were four more volumes.
Roots and wings: talks on Zen.
Rajneesh Foundation, Poona, India.
And the flowers showered: talks on Zen.
The hidden harmony: discourses on the fragments of Heraclitus.
When the shoe fits: talks on Chuang Tzu.
Ancient music in the pines: talks on Zen stories.
The ultimate alchemy, vols I & II.
Yoga: the alpha and the omega.
vols I and II
Vedanta: seven steps to the Samadhi.
The way of the white cloud.
No water no moon: talks on Zen. (
UK edition Sheldon Press)
The mustard seed: discourses on the sayings of Jesus.
Neither this nor that: discourses on SosanZen
Tantra: the supreme understanding. (
U.S. edition: Only one sky)
Just like that: discourses on Sufi stories.
Until you die: discourses on Sufi stories.
I am the gate.
Harper & Row, New York.
The inward revolution.
TAO: the three treasures: discourses on Lao Tzu, vols IIV.
Tantra, spirituality and sex.
Published in the U.S.A.
Meditation: the art of ecstasy.
Come follow mw: discourses on the life of Jesus.
Osho International Foundation
Excerpt of an Osho discourse on youtube
Osho Bibliography at Sannyas Wiki
Ashkenazi Jews / Ashkenazic Jews / Ashkenazim are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe.
They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades they moved to Poland, Lithuania and Russia.
In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe.
Scientists believe that Ashkenazi Jews originally came from the Land of Israel and initially went to Italy, France, and Germany.
Later, during pogroms in the middle ages, mainly in Germany, they fled to Poland and Lithuania, and from there they spread over the rest of Eastern Europe.
They then adopted the Yiddish language.
After that, two terms, Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, became commonly used: The former indicates the Jews who worshiped in the German way and spoke Yiddish, the latter indicates the Jews who worshiped in the Spanish way and spoke the Ladino language.
They differ in language (pronunciation), cultural tradition and worship style.
During World War II, about 6 million Jews, 5 million of whom were Ashkenazi, were killed in the Holocaust.
The Holocaust destroyed or greatly reduced the large Jewish communities and the Yiddish language in Europe.
Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.
As of 2018, Ashkenazim are around 75% of the 14.6 million Jews of the world.
They are also the mainstream of Israeli politics.
Famous Ashkenazim are Albert Einstein, George Gershwin, Gustav Mahler, Franz Kafka.
Dilation and evacuation (or "D&E") is a medical procedure.
It may be used as a method of abortion when a woman is in her second trimester (between 12–32 weeks pregnant).
This procedure also may be used after a woman has a miscarriage, to make sure that the uterus is emptied out completely.
If tissue is left behind in a woman's uterus after a miscarriage, she can get an infection.
A dilation and evacuation involves two major steps.
First, the cervix (the bottom part of the uterus) is dilated, or made bigger.
This is often done about a day before the actual procedure.
To dilate the cervix, a doctor may put special tools into the cervix.
The cervix needs to be made larger so that medical tools, like forceps (surgical tongs) or a curette (a tool that is used to scrape away the lining of the uterus) can be put into the cervix.
The second step of the D&E procedure is to evacuate, or remove, everything inside of the uterus.
The woman is given a local anesthetic to numb part of her body or a general anesthetic to put her to sleep.
The doctor will then put a cannula (a medical tube) into the uterus, through the vagina.
The cannula is attached to a bottle and a pump that create a vacuum.
The cannula is used to vacuum (or suction) out everything that is in the uterus, including the fetus.
The doctor may use forceps to take out any tissue that is still in the uterus.
The doctor may also use a curette to scrape out the lining of the uterus.
The vacuum can then be used again to make sure that the uterus is completely empty.
This is to prevent infection from tissue left behind by accident.
If a woman is earlier on in her pregnancy, this procedure can sometimes be done without dilating the cervix first.
This is called a "vacuum aspiration".
It can be used for women who are in the first trimester (the first 12 weeks of pregnancy) or for women who are in the early stages of the second trimester.
However, sometime during the second trimester, it becomes very difficult to do this procedure without dilating the cervix first.
At this point, a full dilation and extraction is needed.
A complete D&E usually takes 10 to 20 minutes.
Often, women are able to go home on the same day as the procedure, without staying overnight in a hospital.
Visual kei (aka visual rock) is a Japanese musical style that started in the late 1980s.
Visual kei was influenced by glam rock.
Visual kei artists use striking fashion and theatrical performances to highlight their music.
Early visual kei bands were strongly influenced by glam rock and heavy metal.
Over time, visual kei has changed to meet the consumers' taste for music.
Today, visual kei music includes goth, industrial, J-pop, and hip hop.
Sometimes it is called "neo-visual kei".
Visual kei influenced the Goth lolita fashion trend.
Visual kei artists often have wild dress, androgynous looks, jewelry, dyed hair, and thick make-up.
Goth lolita dressers say that they are inspired by their favorite visual kei bands.
X Japan is widely seen as the first visual kei band.
Other well-known bands that helped to increase visual kei's popularity include Malice Mizer, Luna Sea, and Dir en grey.
VisualKei.com
The dwarf hamsters represent a group of small hamsters in the genus Phodopus.
Although they do not belong to this genus, the Chinese hamster is often referred to as a dwarf hamster as well.
Although more limited in colour than the Syrian hamster, dwarf hamsters are an alternative to pet owners who enjoy a smaller, more sociable hamster.
The dwarf hamster was discovered by W.C. Campbell in the early 1900's.
Damien Rice (born 7 December 1973) is an Irish singer-songwriter, musician and record producer.
He plays guitar, piano, clarinet and percussion.
Some call his music Brit-pop (British pop music) but he says his music is  alternative rock.
He is known as a singer and song writer who wrote sad but beautiful songs for on popular movie and television programs.
The Blower's Daughter is his representative song.
It was used in the 2004 move Closer.
His music is often used in ice skating.
Recently, Rice was given "special thanks" in the end credits of the Academy Award winning 2007 Irish musical movie Once.
The movie starred fellow Irish musician Glen Hansard.
He was born 7 December 1973 and raised in Celbridge, County Kildare Ireland.
Before he started his own solo-career, he was a member of the rock band Jupiter which later became Bell X1.
In this band, he released 2 singles and 1 album.
However, Rice became disenchanted with the label and left the band to pursue a solo career.
When he start his own career, he form a band with new members.
For example, Lisa Hannigan is famous for featuring Damien Rice's songs like Cold water, 9 crimes and so on.
So far, he has released two studio albums: O in 2002, and 9 in 2006.
And he also has released EPs B side in 2004.
In 2002, his album was a strong commercial success and won the Shortlist Music Prize.
After that, his second studio album 9 released not only in Ireland but also Europe and North America.
Rice is also known for his charity work.
He helped the Burma Campaign to free Burmese democracy movement leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
Rice and Hannigan recorded a charity song, campaigning for her release, called Unplayed Piano, which they performed at the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo.
In 2008 he participated in a music album called Songs for Tibet which is an initiative to support Tibet and to underline the human rights situation in Tibet.
Entrena is a municipality in the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain.
The population of the town is 1.488 (2009).
Entrena is located near Logroño.
The Brahui people (Brahui: بروہی) are the only Dravidian ethnic group in Pakistan.
Of the 2.2 million Brahuis, most live in  Baluchistan and Afghanistan, where they are native.
They are closely linked to the Balochs with whom they have intermingled, and whose cultural traits they have absorbed.
Linguistically they were believed to be a remnant of the inhabitants of the IVC.
The Brahui language, also called Bravi, is a Dravidian language.
DNA studies suggest that the Brahui are most closely related to the ancient Dravidian people, which are descedants of neolithic farmers from the Zagros mountains area in modern-day Iran.
The Chittagonian peoples are groups of tribes and native aborigines living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, consisting of the Tripuris, Rakhines, the Chakmas and various others inhabiting SE Bangladesh.
In their overall complexion and facial features these peoples are more closely related to Burma and other South East Asian nations of Indo-China, gives the country a strong candidate to become a future member of ASEAN.
Chittagongian people speak the Chittagongian language, which is an Indo-Aryan language of Assamese-Bengali group.
It is considered a dialect of Bengali by the Bangladeshi government though they are not mutually intelligible.
They live in the Chittagong division of south-eastern Bangladesh.
They are predominantly Theraveda Buddhist, but there are sizeable Hindus and due to influx of people from Bangladesh’s other parts Muslims are now consisting the largest minority of the region.
The Shan people, Southeast Asian ethnic group inhabiting Myanmar
The Shan language
Dai people, also known as Shan, ethnic group in China
Shanrong (山戎), term for "mountain barbarian" in Shanxi, Hubei in northern China
Shan (surname), or 单 in Chinese, a Chinese surname
Shan, a variant of the Welsh given name usually spelt Siân
Darren Shan, children's author
MC Shan, rapper
Shan State of Myanmar
Shaanxi, abbreviated as Shan (陕), province of the People's Republic of China
Shan County, Shandong, county in Shandong, China
Shan County, Henan, in Sanmenxia, China
Shantou, or Shan (汕), a city in Guangdong, China
Shan (剡), river name in Zhejiang Province of PRC
Shan (鄯), name for a region in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
Shan (鄯), the name of ancient Western Regions (西域)
山, shan, Chinese for "mountains" or "mountain range"
Mount Shani or Gora Shan, a mountain in the Caucasus
Shan Foods, a brand of Pakistani cuisine spice mixes
Insect from Shaggai, or Shan, a fictional alien race in the writings of Ramsey Campbell
The year 2009 was named The International Year of Astronomy by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and UNESCO.
It was a celebration of astronomy around the world with 141 countries taking part. "
The Universe, Yours to Discover" was the official slogan.
The idea was to promote astronomy worldwide and get young people interested in it.
The year 2009 is special to astronomers, as it is the 400th anniversary since the first astronomical telescope by Galileo Galilei was used.
Activities run during the year included observatory tours, shows, and photograph displays.
People could get involved in many of these activities online with a computer.
The Shan peoples (Shan: ; IPA: [tɑ́ɪ], IPA: [ʃán lùmjóʊ]; Chinese: 掸族; pinyin: Shànzú；傣族) are a Tai ethnic group of South East Asia.
The Shan live mostly in Shan State, Myanmar.
These people have close religious ties and similarities with Bangladesh's Chittagonian peoples.
The marketing mix is the combination of elements necessary to the planning and execution of the total marketing operation.
The total marketing operation mainly consists of three
processes : Analyzing the situation of companies, STP, and Marketing mix.
Targeting, Positioning.
In STP, they segment the market, choose the target market in which
position in the market, and then they design the marketing mix.
In the process, marketing
It was specifically divided into the 4Ps : Product, Placement, Price and
These variables include not only goods and services but usage,
Relative importance among 4Ps
In devising the marketing strategy : the total marketing operation,  it is usually said that getting a competitive advantage should be considered importantly than any other factors.
Thus, product and price is firstly determined because in the case they could be seen more related to the competitive advantage.
In that case, decision-making about place and promotion is considered relatively later after determining the strategic position of the products by comparing rival products and then giving relative quality of products, price of products to the market.
However, it is usual way of using marketing mix, and the relative importance of each mix can be different in many cases in terms of the situation of the market, the characteristic of the product, the characteristic of the company and so on.
Thus, place or promotion can be the highest priority in any cases.
In conclusion, marketing managers must pursue the most appropriate marketing mix with a bid to achieving competitive advantage using minimum effort.
Kotler, Philip (2003) "Marketing Management", Prentice Hall, .
Chae Seo Il (2007) "Marketing", B&M Books,
Silbiger, Steven (2005) "The Ten-day MBA", HarperCollins,
Willy Rohr developed successful in 1915 the Shock-Troops-Taktiks in the Western Front.
They had been used in the Battle of Verdun.
His Bataillon became independent and was first named as Sturmbataillon Rohr and became about one year later renamed by the Prussian Minister of War to Sturm-Bataillon Nr.
5 (Rohr).
After rising to army command early in 1917, Hutier began to apply the lessons learned from his three years of commanding troops, along with his study of tactics used by other armies.
He devised a new strategy for the Germans to break the stalemate of trench warfare.
These tactics were to prove so successful in 1917 and 1918 that the French dubbed them "Hutier tactics", although the more commonly used term today is "infiltration tactics".
Operation Michael
In the Spring Offensive of 1918 the first of five parts was called Michael.
At the beginning on 21 March 1918, they took three armies, for a total of 42 divisions.
The aim was to break through the salient at the junction point between the French forces (south) and the English (north), with operations between Bapaume and Saint Simon, intending to then create a wedge between the two contingents, pushing the British Expeditionary Force out towards the sea.
On the first day the defensive lines were already smashed against both Allies, and the Germans completely succeeded in advancing 65 kilometers long into a salient of approximately 80 km.
In their sweeping advance the German troops met greater resistance against the English than the French.
But although the Germans were successful at first, after a few days the German offensive was suddenly exhausted, and beginning March 27, when the French began to engage their strategic reserve near Amiens, the Germans had no more substantial territorial gain.
So the Germans failed to achieve a strategically important victory, and indeed, it had lengthened the battle line and created a salient exposed to Allied counter-offensives.
The Clarity Act (known as Bill C-20 before it became law) was a law passed by Canadian Government in 1999.
Text of the Clarity Act
Full text of the Reference re Secession of Quebec
1995 Act Respecting the Future of Quebec
Open letter in support of the democratic right to self-determination for Quebec
Debates - Issue 44 - April 6, 2000 (Senate's Second Reading debate about the passage of specific powers to the House of Commons; notable because the Senate is a co-equal body)
CBC report on introduction of Clarity Bill
1990s in law
Nell is a South Korean rock band.
They formed in 1999.
It consists of Kim Jong-wan, who sings and plays guitar and keyboard; Lee-Jae-kyung on guitar; Lee Jung-hun on bass; and Jung Jae-won on drums.
The band's name comes from a 1994 movie of the same name.
Nell is one of the few rock bands who gained mainstream popularity in South Korea.
They also have been nominated for several musical awards.
Nell was formed in 1999.
They began playing at live clubs around Hongik University, and were spotted by Seo tai ji, who signed them to his private record company.
In July 2006, Nell left Seo Tai Ji Company and joined Woolim Entertainment.
Nell is one of the few rock bands that have achieved mainstream success in the country.
Their 2007 'Welcome Home' tour sold out in two minutes.
Nell has also participated in the annual ETPFEST in 2002, and the Myspace Secret Show November 28th, 2008.
The band stopped performing after their nomination at the Golden Disk Awards on December 11th, 2008, because of the members' departure for the compulsory South Korean military service.
The band got back together with "Slip Away" when their term was over.
Reflection of - (Jan 2001)
Speechless - (Sept 2001)
Let It Rain - (2003)
Walk Through Me - (2004)
Healing Process - (2006)
Separation Anxiety - (2008)
Slip Away - (2012)
Let's Take a Walk - (2007)
The Trace - (2008)
biography on Naver.com
biography on Woolliment.com
Official Website(Korean)
Official Fansite(Korean)
1999 establishments in Asia
The Mongolian hamster (Allocricetulus curtatus) is a species of rodent in the Cricetidae family.
It is found in China and Mongolia.