the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Rickrolling is said to have begun as a spin-off of an earlier prank called duckrolling, which was when a link was supposed to lead to a picture or news story but would really link to an edited picture of a duck on wheels.
The victim was then said to have been duckrolled.
The first instance of rickrolling happened in May 2007 on the 4chan video game board, where a link to the video was said to be a copy of the first trailer for Grand Theft Auto IV.
The joke was confined to 4chan for a short time.
By May 2008, Rickrolling had become an internet hit or phenomenon and very soon rickrolling was being covered on mainstream media.
A poll in April 2008 by SurveyUSA guessed or estimated that at least 18 million American adults had been rickrolled.
April Fools' Day, 2008
On April Fools' Day 2008 and the weeks after, many instances of Rickrolling showed up on the internet, and news media.
All of the featured videos on Youtube's main page hyperlinked to the Rickroll.
The prank showed up on international YouTube portals before showing up on the main page.
Video on YouTube
sv:Rick Astley#Rickrolling
A stable often has a loft where food such as hay can be kept to feed the animals in the winter.
The stable may be divided into enclosures or stalls to keep the animals separate.
According to the Christian Bible, the baby Jesus was born in a stable.
He was wrapped up and put to sleep on the straw in the feed bin (the manger).
Dagne Groven Myhren (born 19 September 1940) is a Norwegian writer, folk musician and a professor of Scandinavian studies at the University of Oslo.
She has written about Norwegian literature, science and folk music.
She is outspoken in protecting Norwegian culture, places and music.
She has helped J.P.Ekgren with writing a book in English about the poetry style called Stev.
The book is Aslak Brekke og visune hans.
Aslak Brekke (October 6, 1901 – February 13, 1978) was a Norwegian vocalist of stev (a type of Scandinavian poetry which is sung).
He was also a singer of folksongs.
Brekke was born in Vinje, Telemark.
He was the first folksinger to sing on a radio broadcast to all of Norway.
In 1945, Brekke sang at an important concert in the ceremonial hall (the "Aula" ) at the University of Oslo.
He also made a recording of the song "Ståle Storli", together with Eivind Groven ( harmonium ).
Mutiny is a when a group of people get together to openly oppose, change, or remove the people or person in authority.
It usually means a group of soldiers trying to remove their officers, or a group of sailors on a ship trying to remove the captain.
The group of people that mutiny are called mutineers.
During the Age of Discovery, mutiny meant open rebellion against a ship’s captain.
This happened during Magellan’s journey and one mutineer was killed.
Another mutineer was executed and 2 others were put on land and left there.
After a mutiny on Henry Hudson’s Discovery, Hudson and several others were left in the ocean in a small boat.
Mutiny is still treated as a very bad crime.
Mutineers are punished and may even get the death penalty.
Famous Mutinies
Batavia was a ship of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), built in 1628 in Amsterdam, which was wrecked on its first trip.
The sailors led a mutiny and killed many of the passengers.
Corkbush Field mutiny occurred on 1647, the Bishopsgate mutiny and Banbury mutiny of 1649 happened during the early part of the Second English Civil War.
HMS Hermione was a 32-gun frigate (type of ship) of the British Royal Navy, built in 1782.
It is famous for the mutiny which took place on the ship.
The captain and 8 officers were killed by the crew.
The Mutiny on the Bounty,  a British Royal Navy ship in 1789 has been made famous by several books and films.
Spithead and Nore mutinies were two big mutinies by sailors of the British Royal Navy in 1797.
They wanted more pay and better living conditions.
The Indian rebellion of 1857 was an armed uprising in India against British colonial power, and known in Britain as the Indian Mutiny.
The ship Sharon, a New England whaler, had many sailors leave the ship.
There were many mutinies.
The captain was finally killed and cut up into small pieces by 4 members of the crew.
The ship Somers built in 1842, had a mutiny on her first voyage.
The 3 mutineers were executed.
On the Russian battleship Potemkin, there was a rebellion by the crew against their  officers in June 1905.
This was part of the Russian Revolution of 1905.
It was made famous by the film The Battleship Potemkin.
Curragh Incident of July 20, 1914 happened in the Curragh, Ireland, where British soldiers protested against the Home Rule Act 1914.
French Army mutinies in 1917.
The failure of the Nivelle Offensive in April and May 1917 resulted in a big mutiny by many parts of the French Army.
About 50 soldiers were executed and more than 500 were sent to prison.
Wilhelmshaven mutiny started in the German High Seas Fleet on 29 October 1918.
The mutiny was one of the things that led to the end of the First World War, to the end of the Monarchy and to the start of the Weimar Republic.
Black Sea mutiny (1919) by sailors on the French dreadnoughts (big battleships) - Jean Bart and France.
The ships had been sent to help the White Russians in the Russian Civil War.
The leaders of the mutiny (including André Marty and Charles Tillon) were given long prison sentences.
Kronstadt rebellion  was an unsuccessful rebellion by Soviet sailors.
It was led by Stepan Petrichenko, against the government of the early Russian SFSR in the first weeks of March, 1921.
It proved to be the last big rebellion against Bolshevik rule.
Invergordon Mutiny was a Strike action (stop work) by around 1000 sailors in the British Atlantic Fleet.
It took  place on 15-16 September 1931.
For 2 days, the sailors at Invergordon were in mutiny.
This was one of the few military strikes in British history.
Cocos Islands Mutiny was a failed mutiny by Sri Lankan soldiers on the then-British Cocos (Keeling) Islands during the Second World War.
Port Chicago mutiny  happened on August 9 1944, 3 weeks after the Port Chicago disaster when 320 sailors were killed and 390 injured in an explosion.
258 out of the 320 African-American sailors in the supply part of the Navy would not load any ammunition because they thought it was not safe.
Sonderborg Denmark mutiny on May 4, 1945 German sailors took over German minesweeper M612.
The next day they were arrested and 11 executed.
Their bodies were thrown into the sea. .
Post-World War II demobilization strikes happened in the Allied military forces stationed across the Middle East, India and Southeast Asia in the months and years following World War II.
The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny  was a total strike and mutiny by the Indian sailors of the Royal Indian Navy on board ships and on shore at Bombay (Mumbai) harbour on 18 February 1946.
SS Columbia Eagle incident happened on 14 March, 1970 during the Vietnam War.
Sailors on an American merchant ship mutinied and took the ship to Cambodia.
The Storozhevoy Mutiny happened on 9 November, 1975 in Riga, Latvia.
The political officer locked up the Soviet Navy captain and sailed the ship toward Leningrad.
The Velos mutiny  happened on 23 May, 1973 when the captain of HNS Velos, refused to go back to Greece after a NATO exercise.
tt:Фетнә
Printmaking is making art by printing pictures, normally on paper.
The advantage of printmaking is that lots of the same picture can be printed.
This is called a print.
Each print is not a copy, but an original, since it came from the same source (not like painting or drawing).You can also use different types of techniques to start the print.
Pictures for prints can be cut into plates of metal, usually copper or zinc for engraving or etching; stone, used for lithography; blocks of wood for woodcuts, linoleum for linocuts and fabric plates for screen-printing.
Prints may also be published in books by the artist.
A glossary for modern prints
Large list of links to museum etc.
online images of prints
UnitTwentyFive London Based Print Studio
An old master print is a work of art made by a printing process.
Most of the old master prints were made by 1830 and no new ones came after.
The main techniques used to make an old master print are woodcut, engraving and etching.
Sometimes, old master prints are printed on paper, but rarely.
The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques
online images of old master prints
Old master prints blog
There are several ways to chose colors for parts of webpages.
Colors may be listed as an RGB triplet (a set of three numbers) in hexadecimal format (a hex triplet).
RGB triplet can make 16,777,216 different colors.
Many common colors can also be chosen by their common English names.
Often a color tool or other graphics software is used to create color values.
The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 color names as the base for their color lists.
This was because they both started as X Window System applications.
Each web color has its own definition, sRGB.
This relates to the chromaticities of a single phosphor set, a given transfer curve, adaptive whitepoint, and viewing conditions.
These have been chosen to be similar to many real-world monitors and viewing conditions.
Even without color management, the colors created are fairly close to the given values.
However, user agents can be different in the fidelity with which they show the colors.
Better user agents use color management to create better color fidelity.
This is important for Web-to-print applications.
A hex triplet is a six-digit, three-byte number used in HTML, CSS, SVG, and other computer programs, to represent colors.
The bytes represent the red, green and blue parts of the color.
One byte represents a number in the range 00 to FF, or 0 to 255 in decimal notation.
This represents the least (0) to the most (255) intensity of each of the color components.
The hex triplet is formed by concatenating three bytes in hexadecimal notation, in the following order:
Byte 1: red value (color type red)
Byte 2: green value (color type green)
Byte 3: blue value (color type blue)
For example, consider the color where the red/green/blue values are decimal numbers: red=36, green=104, blue=160 (a greyish-blue color).
The decimal numbers 36, 104 and 160 are similar to the numbers 24, 68 and A0 respectively.
The hex triplet is obtained by combining the 6 hexadecimal digits together, 2468A0 in this example.
HTML web colors
Formulated in 1997, there were originally 16 colors.
Orange was added later to make a total of 17.
The original 16 were part of something called the "Windows VGA template", meaning that they are the colors that can be used for actions like highlighting.
List of HTML Color Names
The table below contains all 140 of the HTML colors.
All modern browsers support them.
X11 colors (formulated in 1987)
Chart of selected web colors
This chart shows selected HTML and X11 colors as well as selected unofficial consensus web colors developed by web designers since 2002.
When entering code using the unofficial colors, the hex code of the color must be specified instead of writing the name of the color.
Warner Music Group is a record label from New York City.
It is one of the "big three" record labels; the others are Sony and Universal.
It started as Warner Music Group in 2003, but several Time Warner companies had existed before then.
Legal troubles with Youtube
In late 2008, Warner Music group had big legal troubles with video site YouTube.
They had wanted more money for the music videos they had on the site, but YouTube said no, and Warner Music Group took off all their music videos.
In September 2009, both Warner Music Group and YouTube decided on a new amount of money.
is a Norwegian / English book that has in it a collection of stev and Norwegian folk songs.
The book was published in 1983, as a part of a series called Norsk Folkeminnelags skrifter.
The author of the book is J.P. Ekgren, in collaboration with Dagne Groven Myhren (a professor in Norway).
The book was printed by Aschehoug
OpenOffice Base is the database module released with OpenOffice version 2.0 and later.
Currently it is based on the HSQLDB database engine written in Java.
The HSQLDB developers have suggested only 76% of the target has been met in the 1.8.0 release, which is the version that was integrated (merged) with OOo 2.0.
They have been asking for contributions to complete all the feature targets, since the inner database engine is an independent project with no outside funding.
OpenOffice users, however, can choose to connect to an external full-featured SQL database such as MySQL, PostgreSQL and even Oracle through ODBC or JDBC drivers.
OpenOffice Base can then act as a GUI frontend for SQL views, table design and query.
In addition, OpenOffice has its own Form wizard to create dialog windows for form filling and updates.
Kexi - a similar free software/open source application
Base information page
OpenOffice.org Base 2.0 project discussion
OpenOffice.org Database Access Project
HSQL and OpenOffice.org
Tutorials for new and intermediate ooBase users, from Sheepdog Guides
the codename for Netscape Navigator
the mascot and name of the Mozilla Foundation
the name of its now defunct Mozilla (web browser)
Mozilla software
Flock (web browser)
Songbird (software)
Mammary intercourse (also titfuck or tittyfuck) is a sexual activity.
People may do it during foreplay.
It is also done as a safe sex alternative to anal or vaginal sexual intercourse (fucking).
It is non-penetrative sex.
It involves exciting the penis using the breasts of the partner.
In most instances, this sexual activity involves the man placing his penis between his partner's breasts.
He then thrusts while the breasts are squeezed around the penis for more excitement.
Mammary intercourse is sometimes combined with oral sex (blowjob).
Sometimes mammary intercourse continues to the point of ejaculation.
The semen can land on the breasts, face, or in the mouth of the partner.
Some gay males may enjoy their partners breasts.
They may engage in male-male mammary intercourse if the breasts are large enough.
Several slang terms refer to mammary intercourse.
These slang terms include titfuck or titty fuck in the United States.
Tit wank or French fuck are slang terms used in the United Kingdom.
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (died 1236) was the third Muslim Turkic sultan of the Sultanate of Delhi.
He was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty (or Slave dynasty).
He was married to the daughter of Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
He became the ruler after fighting against Qutb-ud-din's son.
He is said to be the greatest ruler of the slave kings.
He was a member of the Ilebar tribe.
The first thing he did after becoming a sultan was make his kingdom larger.
He also shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi.
He had to defend his empire against Mongol invasions.
He also had to deal with Rajputs.
Iltutmish stopped the Mongol attack in 1221 A.D led by Chenghiz Khan.
He completed the Qutb Minar which was started by Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
He also built the Quwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi.
He died in 1236 A.D. He did not think his sons would be good rulers.
He was succeeded by his daughter, Razia Sultan (also called Radiyya or Raziyya), as the next ruler of Delhi.
1236 deaths
A computer program, text, or item that is not heavy or bulky, or contains massive amounts of bloatware
A class of boxing.
The 1951–52 NHL season was the 35th season of the National Hockey League.
The Detroit Red Wings won the Stanley Cup by sweeping the Montreal Canadiens four games to none.
In the playoffs, Detroit finished 8–0, the first time a team had gone undefeated in the playoffs since the 1934–35 Montreal Maroons.
The Wings scored 24 goals in the playoffs, compared to a combined 5 goals for their opponents.
see 1952 Stanley Cup Finals
Christopher John Osgood (born November 26, 1972 in Peace River, Alberta) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender that played a career total of 18 seasons in the NHL most notably with the Detroit Red Wings.
He spent the first part of his career with Detroit, and then played for the New York Islanders and the St. Louis Blues during his 14-year NHL career before returning to Detroit in 2005.
He has won three Stanley Cup championships in his career, all with the Red Wings, two of them while he was the starting goaltender.
He announced his retirement on July 19, 2011 but will remain with the Red Wings organization.
Seattle Thunderbirds players
Darren Middleton (born 4 October 1971 in Sydney, Australia) is the guitarist in the band "Powderfinger".
He is also the lead singer for "Drag".
Middleton began playing guitar in high school where he enjoyed music by bands like Twisted Sister and AC/DC.
He began playing in clubs around his hometown of Brisbane with his first band, "Sonic Tapestry".
He formed his second band, "Pirate", with friends from high school.
He met "Powderfinger" at a "Pirate" show and they asked him to play with them.
Middleton played on all of "Powderfinger's" recordings.
While playing and recording with them, he was also writing and recording with "Drag".
They have released an EP and studio album.
Lochee is a district of Dundee.
Dundee is a city in Eastern Scotland.
Lochee used to be a separate town but was surrounded by Dundee.
The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season is when many of the tropical cyclones formed in the Atlantic Ocean in 2008.
The season started on June 1 and ended on November 30.
Tropical Storm Arthur formed two days early on May 30, 2008.
During the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season there was a total of sixteen named storms: 16 tropical storms, 8 hurricanes and 5 major hurricanes.
Tropical Storm Arthur formed near the Belize coast late on May 30, forming out of the interaction between a tropical wave and what was left of Tropical Storm Alma, which was a tropical storm in the East Pacific.
Arthur made landfall in Belize on May 31.
The system moved over Yucatán Peninsula slowly and dissipated on land early on June 2.
When Arthur made landfall on Belize, it caused about $78 million USD worth of damage and killed 5 people.
Arthur is the first reported tropical storm to form in May since Tropical Storm Arlene in 1981.
Other systems have formed (such as Subtropical Storm Andrea in the previous year), but were subtropical.
Some forecasters question whether Arthur's very short lifespan would have been reported and named in the years prior to today's technology.
The formation of Arthur also marks the first time that a named storm formed in May for two consecutive years.
It was also the third time in over 150 years of record.
Hurricane Bertha
Early on July 1, a strong and big tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa.
By early the next day, a surface low developed and the wave became more organized.
The National Hurricane Center upgraded the system to Tropical Depression Two in the morning hours of July 3 after the system was able to keep convection over its center for at least 12 hours.
The depression organized further and developed two distinct bands of convection.
Six hours after becoming a depression, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Bertha, the second named storm of the season.
The National Hurricane Center said that this tropical cyclone was predicted by up to a week in advance by many global computer models.
After some strengthening on July 6, Bertha was upgraded to a hurricane early on July 7 as satellite and microwave imagery indicated an eye feature had formed.
It continued to strengthen that morning.
Fast strengthening continued that afternoon and Bertha strengthened into a major hurricane with 125 mph (195 km/h) winds and a well-defined eye.
The strengthening trend stopped early on July 8, due to wind shear, and Bertha quickly weakened back to a Category 1 hurricane that afternoon.
Bertha again began to quickly strengthen on July 9 as a new eye had formed and the system became more symmetrical.
The NHC upgraded Bertha to a category two hurricane with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) and stated that Bertha could strengthen further to a major hurricane again, but instead weakened into an 85 mph (135 km/h) category 1 hurricane.
Bertha has become the longest-lived pre-August Atlantic tropical cyclone on record.
On July 12, Bertha slowed in movement, and was close to becoming still and by July 13 this slow movement weakened the storm to tropical storm strength.
On July 18, Bertha strengthened back to a hurricane as its forward motion increased.
As it moved over cooler waters, it weakened a bit to a tropical storm late on July 19.
It finally became extratropical on July 20 southwest of Iceland.
A disturbance off the Georgia coast slowly organized itself, and became Tropical Depression Three late on July 18.
It strengthened into Tropical Storm Cristobal the next day.
It continued to be near and parallel to the Carolina coast, though never making landfall.
It became extratropical on July 23.
Dolly formed on July 20 from a tropical wave, which was located north of Honduras.
Since it became a tropical storm right away it never became a depression while forming.
Early on July 21 Dolly made landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula.
The day after that it became a hurricane.
Dolly moved northwest and for a little while it was a category 2 hurricane.
Dolly weakened a little, back to a category 1 later that day.
Very shortly after weakening Dolly made landfall in South Padre Island, Texas.
Dolly died over in a very northwestern area of Texas on July 27.
Dolly killed a few people in Mexico and the United States, but in Guatemala Dolly killed at least 17 people.
Damage was a little bit more than $1 billion.
A shear line stalled in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in early August as troughing aloft dug into the northeast Gulf of Mexico.
This energy aloft helped to organize a surface low along the shearline early on August 2, which slowly organized over the following day.
It strengthened into Tropical Depression Five before gaining strength and being named Tropical Storm Edouard on August 3.
The storm made landfall in Southeast Texas near Port Arthur on the morning of August 5 as a strong tropical storm.
As it moved inland, the system weakened into a tropical depression by afternoon.
The depression weakened into a remnant low on August 7 while on land over Texas.
A strong tropical wave moved into the northeastern Caribbean in mid-August.
It caused heavy rain across the Leeward Islands and into Puerto Rico before tracking westward, while unable to develop a low-level circulation although it was producing tropical storm-force winds.
On August 15, a closed circulation was found and the system was named Tropical Storm Fay.
Later that day Fay caused heavy rains on the island of Hispaniola causing a major flash flood threat.
Fay crossed Hispaniola, Cuba, and hit south Florida beginning late on August 18, slowly tracking northeastward across the peninsula.
High amounts of flooding happened in much of eastern Florida, along with some wind damage.
After crossing into the Atlantic, Fay turned westward again and crossed northern Florida on August 22.
As it zigzagged from water to land, it became the first storm in Florida recorded history to make landfall four times.
Fay weakened into a tropical depression along the north coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
Fay eventually weakened into a remnant low around noon on August 26 while located over Alabama.
A disturbance formed in the deep tropical Atlantic in the fourth week of August.
It tracked westward into the Caribbean Sea where it encountered better conditions for cyclone development, and became a tropical depression on the morning of August 25, west of the Windward Islands.
It quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Gustav early that afternoon and into Hurricane Gustav early on August 26.
It then weakened into a tropical storm on the evening of August 27.
It re-organized further south into a strong tropical storm once again on August 28 before speeding up and hitting Jamaica.
Gustav has killed 78 people in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica, while 7 are still missing in Haiti.
On August 29, it strengthened back into a hurricane.
On the morning of August 30, it was upgraded to a Category 3 major hurricane.
After strengthening slowed for a few hours, another round of quick strengthening happened and Gustav was upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane during a hurricane hunter flight around 1pm (EDT), with 145 mph winds.
Continuing to intensify, it became a 150 mph storm that afternoon near 5 P.M. EDT.
Soon after Gustav made landfall in Cuba, firstly on the island of Isla de la Juventud and later on the mainland near Los Palacios in Pinar del Río Province, causing severe damage, although it is difficult to predict how much damage it caused.
It then emerged into the Gulf of Mexico weakening into a minimal 115 mph.
It was expected to hit Louisiana so the mayor of New Orleans evacuated the city.
At 8 a.m. CDT on the 2nd September it was reported to have weakened to category 2.
Hurricane Gustav made landfall in Louisiana on September 1, and quickly weakened over land.
After weakening to a tropical depression September 4, Gustav was sucked into a cold front.
Gustav was responsible for 138 deaths and up to $18 billion in damage.
Tropical Depression Eight formed on August 28 from a low pressure area east-northeast of the northern Leeward Islands.
It was upgraded to a tropical storm later that day and named Hanna.
On September 1, while Hanna was moving very near to the island of Mayaguana in the Bahamas, it was upgraded to Category 1 hurricane status.
Hanna wandered around the southeastern Bahamas, weakening to a tropical storm while also dumping heavy rain on already-devastated Haiti.
Hanna moved rapidly northeastwards along the east coast of the United States as a tropical storm.
Hanna changed into an extratropical cyclone as it moved offshore from Massachusetts early on September 7.
At least 537 deaths have been blamed on Hanna, most in Haiti.
A tropical disturbance formed off the coast of Africa near the end of August.
It moved south of Cape Verde and slowly strengthened.
On September 1, It became Tropical Depression Nine while west of the Cape Verde islands and strengthened into a tropical storm later that day, when it was given the name Ike.
Ike developed an eye late on September 3 as it did explosive intensification, as it strengthened from a tropical storm to a Category 4 hurricane in twelve hours with an guessed pressure drop of 43 mbars, from 991 to 948 mbar; and a 24-hour pressure drop of 61 mbar, from 996 to 935 mbars.
Ike weakened back to a Category 2 hurricane before re-intensifying back to a Category 4.
It ripped across Great Inagua Island and Grand Turk Island, where 80% of the buildings on Grand Turk were seriously damaged or completely destroyed.
It weakened to a strong Category 3 late in the afternoon of September 7 as it headed for landfall on the northeastern coastline of Cuba that evening.
In addition, the storm killed at least 74 people in Haiti and 1 person in the Dominican Republic.
As Ike crossed Cuba on September 8, It weakened to a Category 1 hurricane and emerged into the Caribbean Sea, where it moved along or just off of the southern coast of Cuba.
Ike killed 7 people as it effected nearly the whole county of Cuba.
It made landfall on Galveston Island on September 13 as a strong category 2 hurricane, Its big size brought storm surge of over 12 feet from Galveston Island eastward into southern Louisiana.
The Bolivar Peninsula was worst affected by the surge, while Galveston Island (where waves topped the seawall) and the Port Arthur areas also saw a lot of damage.
Power was knocked out to most of the Houston area and windows were blown out of skyscrapers in downtown Houston.
As Ike moved inland, it brought moderate flooding and wind damage during the Midwest and as far north as Pennsylvania.
It became extratropical on September 14.
At least 82 deaths have been blamed on Ike in the U.S., with 44 of them caused directly.
Damage from Ike is guessed at $31.5 billion (2008 USD), the third most damaging hurricane in U.S. history, behind Katrina in 2005 and Andrew in 1992.
At least 166 deaths have been blamed on Ike, of which 82 were in the United States.
It was the most damaging hurricane in Texas history.
Ike was an extremely big and strong storm.
At one point, the diameter of Ike's tropical storm and hurricane-force winds were 550 and 240 miles (885 and 390 km) making Ike one of the biggest Atlantic hurricane recorded.
Ike also had the second highest IKE (Integrated Kinetic Energy) of any Atlantic storm in the past 40 years.
Integrated Kinetic Energy is a measure of storm surge damaging potential, similar to the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, though the IKE is more complex and in many ways more accurate.
On a scale that ranges from 1 to 6, with 6 being highest destructive potential, Ike earned a 5.2.
It tracked south of Cape Verde and slowly developed.
On September 2, it became Tropical Depression Ten while south-southeast of the southernmost Cape Verde islands.
The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm later the same day as it passed to the south of the Cape Verde islands.
A few days later it weakened back to a tropical depression.
On September 6 it dissipated in the open waters of the Atlantic.
A strong tropical disturbance tracked across the northeastern Caribbean Sea in the third week of September.
It meandered around Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, dumping lots of rain across those islands causing a significant amount of damage, despite never developing a closed circulation.
By September 24, it began to track northward away from the islands and into the open Atlantic water, and became a tropical storm on September 25.
Kyle was upgraded to a hurricane during the afternoon of September 27.
It continued northward and maintained hurricane strength until landfall near Yarmouth, Nova Scotia in Canada late on September 28.
A few hours later, Kyle became extratropical as the cold waters of the Bay of Fundy took effect.
In general, Maritimers were spared of the expected damage.
Tropical Storm Laura
In the last week of September, a very large non-tropical system over the north-central Atlantic slowly moved westward away from the Azores.
As it entered warmer waters, it slowly gained tropical characteristics and was declared Subtropical Storm Laura early on September 29.
It became fully tropical the next day and was reclassified as Tropical Storm Laura.
On October 1 it became "post-tropical" (in the forecaster's words) as it moved over cooler waters.
Tropical Storm Marco
Tropical Depression Thirteen formed from a very small but well-organized low in the Bay of Campeche on October 6.
It quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Marco with 65 mph (100 km/h) winds that afternoon.
Marco made landfall near Veracruz, Mexico the next morning at the same intensity.
Marco dissipated that night as the small circulation moved inland.
At one point, tropical storm-force winds were estimated to extend only 10 miles from the center, which makes it the smallest tropical cyclone on record, beating Cyclone Tracy.
Tropical Storm Nana
Tropical Storm Nana formed on October 12 from a disturbance which had been drifting toward the northwest over the previous couple days in the middle of the tropical Atlantic Ocean roughly halfway between the west coast of Africa and the Lesser Antilles.
The storm weakened into a remnant low on October 14.
This is the first use of the name Nana since 1990.
Hurricane Omar
A tropical disturbance in the eastern Caribbean Sea was in an area not expecting any development in the second week of October.
While drifting across the region, upper-level winds calmed down enough for the tropical disturbance to strengthen and to develop into Tropical Depression Fifteen on October 13.
It strengthened to Tropical Storm Omar the next day.
Omar quickly strengthened into a 70 mph (110 km/h) storm that afternoon, and became a hurricane that night.
It remained a hurricane through that night and it changed little in intensity through the next day, but that evening Omar intensified quickly and became a 115 mph Category 3 storm, and became a 125 mph (205 km/h) storm the next morning.
Omar became a weak Category 4 early that morning.
However, wind shear and dry air quickly weakened Omar to a minimal hurricane that afternoon as it raced towards the northeast at 26 mph (41 km/h).
After dropping to tropical storm strength it became a hurricane again on October 17.
It degenerated to a remnant low on October 18.
Tropical Depression Sixteen
Tropical Depression Sixteen slowly formed off the coast of Nicaragua.
It was not till October 14 that it was then called Tropical Depression Sixteen.
After hugging the northern coast of Honduras (which did not let it strengthen), Tropical Depression Sixteen made landfall near midday on October 15.
It dissipated inland that evening, never becoming a tropical storm.
This storm caused up to $150 million in damage (2008 USD), and may have caused at least 75 deaths.
An area of low pressure stopped moving in the Caribbean Sea without showing tropical development for the first few days at the beginning of November.
On November 5, the low pressure system became Tropical Depression Seventeen while just east of Nicaragua.
The next day it became Tropical Storm Paloma.
It was the first tropical storm to receive this female name.
Paloma then made landfall in Cuba and moved slowly and quickly dissipated on November 9.
The remains of Paloma were tracked till they came ashore of the Florida Panhandle.
Paloma caused up to $315 million (2008 USD) in damage in the area Paloma affected.
Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE)
ACE is a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as strong hurricanes, have high ACEs.
ACE is only officially released for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength.
Subtropical storms are not included in season totals.
This is the list of names used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2008.
The list is the same as the 2002 list except for Ike and Laura, because Isidore and Lili were bad storms in 2002, and their names were retired.
On April 22, 2009, World Meteorological Organization retired the names Gustav, Ike, and Paloma from its rotating name lists.
The names were replaced with Gonzalo, Isaias, and Paulette.
HPC rainfall page for 2008 Tropical Cyclones
National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook
Eruca sativa (syn.
E. vesicaria subsp.
sativa (Miller) Thell.,
Brassica eruca L.), also known as arugula or rocket, is a plant that can be eaten.
It is a leaf vegetable with dark green, spiky, dandelion-like leaves and a strong, spicy, peppery flavor.
Leaf vegetable
Edward Emerson Barnard (December 16, 1857 – February 6, 1923) was an American astronomer.
He found Amalthea, a moon of the planet Jupiter.
Barnard's star and Barnard's galaxy were named after him.
Barnard made a list of dark nebulae, the Barnard Catalogue of Dark Markings in the Sky, or the Barnard Catalogue for short.
The nebulae listed by Barnard have become known as 'Barnard objects'.
Scientists from Nashville, Tennessee
The solar wind is a stream of charged particles from the Sun.
It is made of charged protons, electrons and plasma shot out of the Sun, and creates the heliosphere.
The wind is shot out at hypersonic speed, so fast that it can travel the whole length of the Solar System, nearly one light year.
The particles are dangerous to astronauts and spacecraft.
The Earth's magnetic field absorbs or soaks up a lot of the solar wind causing the aurora, the Northern lights and Southern lights.
A disturbance in the solar wind is called a solar storm.
Sometimes it causes a geomagnetic storm.
Such a storm in 1989 brought down the Quebec electric power grid and put the entire province in darkness.
The largest recorded geomagnetic storm was in September 1–2, 1859.
If we were to have another as strong as that one it might cause up to 2 trillion dollars damage.
Solar wind also causes the tail of a comet.
When the comet is close enough to the sun that the heat evaporates some of the comet's ice, the motion of the solar wind causes the resulting water vapor and space dust to stream away from the comet.
Because it is blown by the solar wind, the comet's tail does not trail behind it, but always points directly away from the sun.
Fireproof is a 2008 American drama movie from Sherwood Pictures.
Stephen Kendrick co-wrote the movie with his brother, while serving as a producer.
The supporting cast is made up of volunteers from Sherwood Baptist Church in Albany, Georgia, where the Kendrick brothers are associate pastors.
The movie has Kirk Cameron as Caleb Holt in his first theater-released movie since 2001's Left Behind: The Movie.
On May 21, 2008, Sherwood Pictures said that the movie would open in theaters on September 26, 2008.
It was given an MPAA rating of PG for "thematic material and some peril".
Fireproof is the story of a firefighter, Captain Caleb Holt, who lives by the old firefighter's adage: Never leave your partner behind.
But, after seven years of marriage to his wife Catherine, their own relationship is failing.
Neither one understands the pressures the other faces.
Caleb claims that Catherine is too sensitive and "doesn't show me respect."
Whereas she tells her hospital co-workers that he is "so insensitive" and that "he doesn't listen to me" and "doesn't understand my needs."
As they prepare to file for divorce, Caleb's father challenges his son to commit to a 40-day test called "The Love Dare."
Caleb starts it, but more for his father's sake than for his marriage.
When Caleb learns the book's daily challenges are tied into his parents' newfound faith, his already limited interest is made smaller still.
Even though he wants to stay true to the promise to his father, Caleb becomes frustrated time and time again.
He finally asks his father, "How am I supposed to show love to somebody who constantly rejects me?"
When his father tells him that this is the love God shows to people, Caleb makes a life-changing commitment to love God.
And, with God's help, he begins to understand what it means to truly love his wife.
But, he is unsure if it's too late to "fireproof" his marriage.
Kirk Cameron as Caleb Holt
Erin Bethea as Catherine Holt
Ken Bevel as Michael Simmons
Stephen Dervan as Wayne Floyd
Eric Young as Terrell Sanders
Jason McLeod as Eric Harmon
Stephanie Makulinski as Latasha Brown
Dwan Williams as Deidra Harris
Amberly Marquard as Ashley Phillips
Harris Malcom as John Holt
Phyllis Malcom as Cheryl Holt
Perry Revell as Gavin Keller
Carla Hawkins as Tina Simmons
Ray Wood as Mr. Campbell
Sue Holt as Mrs. Campbell
Bill Stafford as Mr. Rudolph
Dot Majors as Erma Rudolph
Faye Sharber as Anna Stone
Deena Taylor as Misty Harper
Kelly Johnson as Bethany Wilson
Jim McBride as Carl Hatcher
Anthony Brown as Mr. James Turner
Allison Dawson as Mrs. Turner
Taylor Glow as Megan
Alex Kendrick as Pastor Strauss
Fireproof was filmed for 30 days over a two-month period between late October 2007 and December 14, 2007.
The production was based on a budget of $500,000, which was more than $100,000 which Sherwood Pictures' had used to make Facing the Giants.
Fireproof was shot in sixteen locations, all of which were donated.
Craig von Buseck of the Christian Broadcasting Network said that the movie was "beautifully shot in and around Albany, Georgia, home to Sherwood Church."
The Albany Fire Department donated their fire station locations, trucks and even some of their crew for use during the filming.
Stephen Kendrick said, "We’ve never claimed that our movies are Academy Award winning. [...]
But we are trying to pursue excellence."
Marriage views
Fireproof is partnered with Fireproof My Marriage, an organization created to strengthen and heal marriages.
The Love Dare, a book written by Alex and
Stephen Kendrick, is a major topic in the movie, being one of the main points of the plot.
Alex Kendrick said in an interview that this movie would be "a drama/romance about marriage.
Our goal is to reinforce God's intention for marriage."
With 50% of all marriages in the United States ending in divorce, Fireproof has been endorsed by many marriage-oriented organizations, some of them are FamilyLife, The Marriage CoMission, The Association of Marriage and Family Ministries, Marriage Alive Communications and MarriageToday.
The movie has been uniting many other marriage advocates from all over the United States.
Christian groups
Fireproof has been given very good reviews from Christian groups since it was first seen.
Mitch Temple of Focus on the Family said that, "This brilliantly produced film radiates messages of authentic determination, faith and hope, even for those of us who have felt like giving up on our marriages."
Michael Foust of the Baptist Press said that, "I walked into the theater without any expectations, but walked out after the closing credits believing I had just seen perhaps the most convicting and inspiring film I had ever viewed.
Fireproof isn't just a great Christian movie.
It's a great movie.
While watching the movie for the second time, Steven Isaac of Plugged In said, "I was with my bride of 14 years. [...]
All I wanted to do was hold her hand."
Movies critics
This movie has also been given mixed reviews from movie critics.
Chris Willman of Entertainment Weekly gave the movie a "C," and said that, "the conversion subplot feels shoehorned into the more crucial marital doings, as if coming to Jesus might be just one of a long checklist of steps to restore sizzle to your marriage, right between buying roses and preparing a candlelit dinner."
Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter said, "While hardly sophisticated in its approach and certainly not polished in its technical elements, the movie does get its heartfelt message across with undeniable sincerity.
Its success at the boxoffice, which will no doubt continue on home video, demonstrates that there's no shortage of filmgoers dissatisfied with cynical Hollywood product."
Joe Leydon of Variety gave the movie a positive review saying "Cameron is genuinely compelling as Caleb, a work-obsessed firefighter on the verge of divorce from his neglected wife."
Before it was released, Fireproof made up 40% of all Fandango sales by Friday morning.
In the week before opening, Fireproof had pre-sold more than $1 million in tickets.
Fireproof was released on September 26, 2008 in 839 theaters.
In its first weekend, Fireproof grossed over $6.8 million, putting it in fourth place at the box office.
Through October 15, 2008, Fireproof had stayed in the top 10 movies in America.
In its theater run, Fireproof earned about $33,415,129, more than tripling the lifetime earnings of the movie made before it, Facing the Giants, and making it the 5th biggest Christian movie ever.
Flywheel (movie)
Fireproof official website
Fireproof at Yahoo!
Fireproof at Box Office Mojo
Fireproof promotional video at YouTube
Christian media
Mulan II is a Disney 2004 movie and the  sequel to the 1998 animated movie  Mulan.
It was directed by Darrell Rooney and Lynne Southerland, and features Mulan, and her new fiancé, Shang, on a special mission: getting the Emperor's three daughters across the country to meet their soon-to-be fiancés.
The movie deals with arranged marriages, loyalty, relationships, making choices, trust, and finding true love.
The entire cast from the first movie returned, except for Eddie Murphy (Mushu), Miriam Margolyes (The Matchmaker), Chris Sanders (Little Brother) and Matthew Wilder (Ling's singing voice).
Murphy and Margolyes were replaced by Mark Moseley and April Winchell, and Gedde Watanabe does his own singing for the sequel.
Fa Mulan gets the surprise of her young life when her love, Captain (now General) Li Shang asks for her hand in marriage.
Before the two can have their happily ever after, the Emperor assigns them a secret mission, to escort three princesses to Chang'an, China.
Mushu is determined to drive a wedge between the couple after he learns that he will lose his guardian job if Mulan marries into the Li family.
After the princesses unexpectedly fall in love with the Gang of Three, Mulan decides to help them escape the fate of marrying men they do not love.
This contradicts the Emperor's orders and forces him to put Mulan's relationship with Shang into question.
They are attacked by Mongolians, and the fate of China hangs in the balance.
The soundtrank contains songs from the movie performed by various artists, as well as portions of the movie's score composed by Joel McNeely.
It was released on January 25, 2005 by Walt Disney Records.
"Lesson Number One" - Lea Salonga and Chorus
"Main Title" (Score)
"Like Other Girls" - Judy Kuhn, Lucy Liu, and Lauren Tom
"A Girl Worth Fighting For (Redux)" - Gedde Watanabe, Jerry Tondo, and Harvey Fierstein
"Here Beside Me" - Hayley Westenra
"(I Wanna Be) Like Other Girls" - Atomic Kitten
"The Journey Begins" (Score)
"In Love and in Trouble" (Score)
"The Attack" (Score)
"Shang Lives!" (
Score)
"Here Beside Me (Instrumental)"
Disney's Mulan and Mulan II Official site
Sherwood Pictures is a movie-making company based in Albany, Georgia.
The company is a ministry of Sherwood Baptist Church.
It is run by Alex Kendrick, the pastor of Sherwood Baptist Church.
Flywheel - released on April 9, 2003
Facing the Giants - released on September 29, 2006
Fireproof - released on September 26, 2008
Courageous - released on September 30, 2011
American movie studios
Companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
RUNZ, similar method
Method of Operation
No root password needed to install software; packages are installed in system locations writable by that user.
Thus, package installation affect only the user installing it, which makes it possible for all users to be able to install and run new software.
Because it is easier to install extra packages later, it is easier to split documentation and translations (for example) into separate packages.
For instance, translations would not be downloaded until they are accessed, so if only the default language of a piece of software is used, the translations will never be accessed and thus downloaded and installed.
However, most current Zero Install packages are split the same way as their non-Zero Install counterparts.
All software packaged this way is always available, as long as a network connection is.
There is no concept of one computer having a program or library installed, while another one does not have it.
autopackage
RUNZ
Sentosa is a resort island at the south of Singapore.
The island is well known for its beach, Fort Siloso and two five-star hotels.
The island was used as a place to build a fort during World War II, by the British who ruled Singapore back then.
Sentosa is also well known for its theme parks.
The British Uganda Programme was a plan to give a piece of East Africa, owned by the British, to  Jewish people to live in.
The plan was made to help the Jews in Russia to find somewhere to live after the pogroms.
The offer was first made by British Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain to Theodor Herzl's Zionist group in 1903.
He said he would give them 5,000km of the Mau Plateau, Kenya.
The idea was brought up during Zionist Congress at its sixth meeting in 1903 in Basel.
Many people disagreed with it.
In the end the motion passed by 295 to 177 votes.
The plateau's high elevation gave it a low temperature, which was good for the European people.
However, it was filled with lions and other dangerous animals.
This problem made the Zionists politely refuse the offer for the land.
Jewish Virtual Library on Uganda Proposal
Frank Gardiner (born francis Christie) (1830 – 1903) was a famous Australian bushranger.
Gardiner used several different names during his life.
He was leader of a gang that did one of Australia's biggest ever robberies.
He is the only person ever exiled (sent away) from Australia.
He was born in Scotland, and came to Australia with his family in 1834.
They lived at Boro, near Goulburn, New South Wales.
Frank Gardiner was also called 'The Darkie'.
He became a bushranger with John Peisley and robbed people on the roads near Cowra.
In July 1861 he shot and wounded two policemen, Sergeant John Middleton and Trooper Hosie who had tried to capture him.
He was captured but managed to escape.
Trooper Hosie is thought to have taken a bribe and let him go.
Gardiner and Peisley went to hide in the Weddin Mountains and joined up with other bushrangers John Gilbert and Ben Hall.
The gang was able to move too quickly for the police to catch up because they had help from local people.
On 15 June 1862 near Eugowra the gang robbed the gold coach and got away with £14,000.