the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
During his senate re-election campaign, John F. Kennedy began to see how popular his wife was.
He asked her to campaign with him for his re-election.
In November 1958, John was re-elected to a second term in the Senate and he thanked his wife for her role in the campaign.
On January 3, 1960, John F. Kennedy announced his candidacy for president.
In the early months of the election year, Jacqueline traveled with her husband to campaign events.
Shortly after the campaign began, she became pregnant.
She decided to stay at home in Georgetown during most of her husband's campaign because of her pregnancy.
She took part of her husband's campaign by writing a weekly newspaper column, Campaign Wife.
She answered questions and gave interviews to the media.
Jacqueline had a large amount of media attention because of her fashion choices.
While this made her popular, some criticized her for being rich.
To stop the criticism, Kennedy talked about the amount of work she was doing for the campaign.
She also did not want to talk about her fashion choices.
When her husband was at the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, Mrs. Kennedy did not go to the convention due to her pregnancy.
She was in Hyannis Port where she watched the September 26, 1960 debate between her husband and Republican candidate Vice President Richard Nixon.
On November 8, 1960, her husband was elected the 35th President of the United States.
Two weeks later after the election, on November 25, she gave birth to their first son, John F. Kennedy Jr.
First Lady of the United States (1961 – 1963)
John F. Kennedy was inaugurated as 35th President of the United States on on January 20, 1961.
Mrs. Kennedy did not want her children to be unprotected around the media at an early age.
She stayed with them in Middleburg, Virginia for a short time because of this.
She was the first presidential wife to hire a press secretary.
She hired Pamela Turnure.
The media saw Mrs. Kennedy as the "perfect woman" and became popular across the world.
She also helped get support for the White House and her husband's Cold War policies.
At first, Jacqueline said that her main focus as the first lady was to take care of the president and their children.
She later spent her time to support American arts and preservation of its history.
The historical restoration of the White House was her well known work.
She was also known for hosting many social events at the White House.
She wanted to create a Department of the Arts; however this did not happen.
She did help create the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities.
White House restoration
The first lady did not like that most of the White House had few historical artifacts and little old furniture.
Her first major project was to restore the White House.
She helped create a family living area by adding a kitchen on the family floor and new rooms for her children.
She created a fine arts committee to find the money for her restoration of the White House.
She also wanted to redesign and replant most of the Rose Garden and the East Garden.
Mrs. Kennedy helped protect historic homes in Lafayette Square in Washington, D.C., because she thought these buildings were important.
Before she became first lady, presidents and their families had taken furniture and other items from the White House when they left office.
This was why the White House had few historical items.
She wrote letters to find the missing furniture and other historical pieces.
Kennedy supported a Congressional bill saying that White House furniture and other items would be the property of the Smithsonian Institution.
She also started the White House Historical Association, the Committee for the Preservation of the White House, a Curator of the White House, the White House Endowment Trust, and the White House Acquisition Trust.
On Valentines Day, February 14, 1962, the first lady took American television viewers a White House tour with CBS News correspondent, Charles Collingwood.
56 million television viewers in the United States watched the tour.
Mrs. Kennedy won a special Emmy Award in 1962, making her the only first lady to win an Emmy.
Foreign trips
Mrs. Kennedy made many official visits to other countries, on her own or with the President.
In 1961, the Kennedy's began their official trip of Europe in France.
After arriving in the country, many liked her such as President of France Charles de Gaulle because she could speak French and her knowledge of French history.
Seeing how popular she was, President Kennedy joked, "I am the man who accompanied Mrs. Kennedy to Paris – and I have enjoyed it!"
From France, the president and the first lady traveled to Vienna, Austria, where Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was asked to shake the President's hand for a photo.
He replied, "I'd like to shake her hand first".
The U.S. Ambassador to India John Kenneth Galbraith wanted Kennedy to begin a tour in India and Pakistan with her sister Lee Radziwill in 1962.
President of Pakistan Ayub Khan, had given her a horse named Sardar as a gift.
He had found out on his visit to the White House that he and the first lady both liked horses.
Her popularity was compared to former President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Queen Elizabeth II.
Mrs. Kennedy would later travel to other countries across the world representing the United States.
the first lady spoke Spanish well, which she used when traveling to Latin American countries for events.
Death of Patrick Kennedy
In early 1963, Jacqueline Kennedy was again pregnant, with their third child.
She spent most of the summer at a home she and the President had rented near the Kennedy Family Compound on Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
On August 7, five week early of her due date, she went into labor.
She gave birth to a boy, Patrick Bouvier Kennedy through an emergency C-section at the Otis Air Force Base.
The baby's lungs were not fully developed and died of hyaline membrane disease two days after birth.
The president was at Otis Air Force Base to recover after Patrick was born.
Her husband went to Boston to be with Patrick and was there when he died.
On August 14, the President returned to Otis to take her home and gave a speech to thank nurses who had cared for her.
As a thank you, Mrs. Kennedy gave the hospital staff gifts from the White House.
the first lady later had depression after Patrick's death.
However, the loss of their child helped the Kennedy's marriage and brought the couple closer together.
Before Patrick's death, Kennedy was not close with her husband because of rumors of him cheating on her.
It was said that Kennedy had cheated on her with multiple women such as her secretary Pamela Turnure and actress Marilyn Monroe.
Assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy
On November 21, 1963, the Kennedy's departed from the White House and went on a political trip to Texas to get more support for her husband's November 1964 re-election campaign.
They landed at Dallas's Love Field with Texas Governor, John Connally and his wife Nellie.
Jacqueline was wearing a bright pink Chanel suit and a pillbox hat, President Kennedy personally picked for her to wear.
A  motorcade was to take them to the Trade Mart.
Kennedy was sitting next her husband in the presidential motorcade.
At 12:30 P:M, the motorcade turned to Dealey Plaza, the first lady heard loud bangs and she thought it was a motorcycle backfiring.
She did not realize that it was a gunshot until she heard Governor Connally scream.
Two more shots had been fired, three of them hit her husband in the head.
She quickly began to climb onto the back of the limousine.
Some believe she was reaching across the trunk for a piece of her husband's skull that had been blown off.
Secret Service agent Clint Hill ran to the car telling her back to go back to her seat.
She would later say that she did not remember climbing behind the car.
Approximately at 1:00 P:M CST in Dallas, Texas at Parkland Hospital, President Kennedy died from his gunshot wounds, aged 46.
After her husband died, Kennedy did not want to take off her blood-stained clothing.
She told new first lady, Lady Bird Johnson that she wanted "them to see what they have done to Jack".
She continued to wear the blood-stained pink suit as she went on Air Force One.
She stood next to Lyndon B. Johnson when he took the oath of office as the 36th President of the United States.
The suit was donated to the National Archives and Records Administration in 1964.
It will not be seen by the public until 2103 because of an agreement from her daughter Caroline Kennedy, because she refused to let it be seen during this century.
Jacqueline Kennedy planned her husband's state funeral.
It was inspired by Abraham Lincoln's funeral.
She wanted her husband's casket to be closed, even though her brother-in-law and Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy wanted it to be open.
The funeral service was held at the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle in Washington D.C. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
Many respected her role and appearance at the funeral.
A week after the assassination, President Lyndon B. Johnson wrote an executive order that created the Warren Commission.
It was led by Chief Justice Earl Warren to investigate the assassination.
Mrs. Kennedy did not care about the investigation.
She said that even if they had the right suspect, it would not bring her husband back.
She spoke to the commission about the events of her husband's assassination.
After the assassination, Jacqueline Kennedy and her two children left from public life and activities.
Life after the assassination (1963 – 1975)
Mourning period and later activities
On November 29, 1963, a week after her husband's assassination, Theodore H. White of Life magazine interviewed Kennedy at her home in Hyannis Port.
During the interview, she compared the Kennedy years in the White House to King Arthur's Camelot.
She said "Don't let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief, shining moment that was known as Camelot.
There'll be great presidents again, but there will never be another Camelot".
Her husband was nicknamed "Camelot" and his presidency the "Camelot Era" because of this.
Jacqueline Kennedy and her two children stayed in the White House for two more weeks after the assassination.
President Lyndon B. Johnson wanted to "do something nice for her.
He wanted to make her Ambassador to France, Mexico or the United Kingdom.
Kennedy said no to any ambassador roles.
Johnson renamed the Florida space center the John F. Kennedy Space Center a week after the assassination.
Kennedy later thanked Johnson for his kindness to her.
Jacqueline made few public appearances after her husband's death.
Some believed she was suffering from severe ptsd.
In the winter after the assassination, she and the children stayed at Averell Harriman's home in Georgetown.
On January 14, 1964, she spoke on television thanking the public for the "hundreds of thousands of messages" she had gotten since the assassination.
She bought a house for herself and her children in Georgetown, but sold it later in 1964.
She bought a 15th-floor penthouse apartment for $250,000 at 1040 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan to have more privacy.
Jacqueline said she would later attend a few memorial ceremonies dedicated to her husband.
In 1967, she went to the opening ceremony of the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier .
She also went to a private ceremony in Arlington National Cemetery when her husband's coffin was moved to build a safer eternal flame.
She also was in charge of the creation of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
During the Vietnam War in November 1967, Life magazine called Kennedy "America's unofficial ambassador".
This was because of her trip with David Ormsby-Gore to Cambodia.
Many historians saw that her visit was to fix the relationship between the two countries.
She also went to the funeral of Martin Luther King Jr. in Atlanta, Georgia, in April 1968.
Relationship with Robert F. Kennedy
After her husband's assassination, Kennedy and her children became closer with her brother-in-law Robert F. Kennedy.
Kennedy supported him staying in politics.
She supported his 1964 campaign for United States senator from New York.
When President Johnson became unpopular, many wanted Senator Kennedy to run for president in 1968.
When Art Buchwald asked him if he wanted to run, Robert replied, "That depends on what Jackie wants me to do".
She met with him around this time and she told him to run.
However, she was worried about his safety.
On June 5, 1968, Sirhan Sirhan shot Senator Kennedy in Los Angeles.
Kennedy Onassis went to the hospital to be with Senator Kennedy's wife, Ethel Kennedy, her brother-in-law Ted Kennedy, and the other Kennedy family members.
Robert Kennedy died the next day, aged 42.
Marriage to Aristotle Onassis
After Robert Kennedy's death in 1968, Kennedy had depression again.
She became worried about her life and of her two children.
She said "If they're killing Kennedy's, then my children are targets, I want to get out of this country".
On October 20, 1968, Jacqueline married her long-time friend Aristotle Onassis.
He was a rich Greek businessman who was able to give the privacy and security she wanted.
They were married on Skorpios, Onassis's private Greek island in the Ionian Sea.
After marrying Onassis, she took the legal name Jacqueline Onassis.
She lost her right to Secret Service protection when she married Onassis.
Many believed that Onassis might have been excommunicated by the Roman Catholic church.
This was because she married a divorced man.
Many did not approve her getting remarried and made her unpopular.
During their marriage, both Jacqueline and Aristotle had six different homes and his yacht Christina O.
Aristotle Onassis's health became worse after the death of his son Alexander in 1973.
He died in 1975.
After two years of legal problems, Jacqueline Onassis got $26 million from her step-daughter Christina Onassis.
Later years, 1975–1990's
Jacqueline Onassis returned to the United States after her second husband died.
She lived in Manhattan, Martha's Vineyard, and the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port.
In 1975, she became an editor at Viking Press.
She worked there for two years.
Jacqueline Onassis went to the 1976 Democratic National Convention.
This was her first political event in almost ten years.
She quit Viking Press in 1977.
This was after Viking had published Jeffrey Archer's novel Shall We Tell the President?.
The story happens in a fictional future presidency of her brother in-law, Ted Kennedy.
The book was about a plan to assassinate him.
Two years later, she went to Boston to support Ted Kennedy's 1980 presidential campaign.
After she left Viking Press, Onassis worked for Doubleday.
She was an associate editor.
Some of the books she edited for the company were Larry Gonick's The Cartoon History of the Universe, the English translation of Naghib Mahfuz's Cairo Trilogy, and autobiographies of ballerina Gelsey Kirkland, singer-songwriter Carly Simon, and fashion icon Diana Vreeland.
In the 1970's, she supported a campaign to save Grand Central Terminal from demolition and repair it.
A plaque inside the terminal talks about her role in its preservation.
In the 1980's, she supported protests against a planned skyscraper at Columbus Circle that would have created a large shadows on Central Park.
She also supported saving Olana, the home of Frederic Edwin Church in New York.
Jacqueline Onassis had a lot of press attention.
Paparazzi photographer Ron Galella followed her around and took pictures of her without her permission.
From 1980 until her death in May 1994, Onassis had a close relationship with businessman Maurice Tempelsman.
In the early 1990's, Jacqueline Onassis supported Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton for president.
She donated money to his presidential campaign.
After the 1992 presidential election, she met with First Lady Hillary Clinton.
They talked about raising a child in the White House.
Mrs. Clinton later said that Jacqueline Onassis was an inspiration for her.
Illness and Death
In November 1993, Jacqueline Onassis was thrown from her horse while she was fox hunting in Middleburg, Virginia.
Doctors found a swollen lymph node in her groin.
They thought it was an infection at first.
The fall made her health worse over the next six months.
In December,  Onassis had new symptoms such as stomach pain and swollen lymph nodes in her neck.
She had non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
She began chemotherapy in January 1994.
By March, the cancer had spread to her spinal cord and brain.
By May, it had spread to her liver.
Her condition was terminal.
Jacqueline made her last trip back home from New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center on May 18, 1994.
The next day on May 19, she died in her sleep at her Manhattan apartment, aged 64.
Her two children were by her side.
Her son John F. Kennedy, Jr. announced her death the next day.
He said that she died with her family around her.
On May 23, 1994, her funeral was held and was very private.
She was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, next to her husband President Kennedy, their son Patrick, and their stillborn daughter Arabella.
President Bill Clinton spoke at her graveside service.
At the time of her death, her children Caroline Kennedy and John F. Kennedy Jr., her three grandchildren, Rose, Tatiana and John Schlossberg, and sister Lee Radziwill were her living relatives.
Her estate was worth $43.7 million.
The Municipal Art Society of New York has an award named after her in 1994, the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Medal.
It is given to a person whose work has helped New York City greatly.
The White House's East Garden was renamed the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden in her honor shortly after her husband died.
A high school named Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers, was opened in 1995.
The main reservoir in Central Park was renamed in her honor.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis is seen as one of the most popular first lady.
She was named 27 times on the annual Gallup list of the top 10 most admired people of the second half of the 20th century.
This was higher than that of any President of the United States listed.
In 2011, she was named fifth place in a list of the five most influential First Ladies of the twentieth century.
In 2014, she came in third place in a Siena College Institute survey as the best first lady.
She was behind Eleanor Roosevelt and Abigail Adams in the survey.
In 2020, Time magazine included her name on its list of 100 Women of the Year.
She was named Woman of the Year 1962 for her White House restoration works.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis is seen as an important first lady in United States history.
Many historians feel that First Ladies since Kennedy Onassis have either been compared to or against her.
Since the late 2000s, her name has been used by political commentators when talking about the fashion style of political wives.
Many of her well known clothes are preserved at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
Pieces from the collection were shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City in 2001.
In 2012, Time magazine included Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis on its All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons list.
In 2016, Forbes included her on the list 10 Fashion Icons and the Trends They Made Famous.
In 2016, actress Natalie Portman played and portrayed the first lady in a movie called Jackie about her as first lady and her life after her husband's assassination.
For her role, Natalie Portman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress.
Life of Jacqueline B. Kennedy at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy at the White House
Jacqueline Kennedy at C-SPAN's First Ladies: Influence & Image
Jackie Kennedy at the National First Ladies' Library
The Last Will and Testament of Jacqueline K. Onassis
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Writers from Rhode Island
People from Newport, Rhode Island
American photojournalists
Journalists from New York City
The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) is a species of orangutan native to the island of Borneo.
In general, missile may refer to anything thrown or launched object at a target like a javelin or darts.
Nowadays, it means, mostly, a self-propelled guided weapon system.
Missiles are used in war to destroy military targets.
Missiles can carry explosives or other destructive loads.
The loads a missile may carry are called a "payload".
This payload is not always harmful to people.
For example, cruise missiles have carried "graphite bombs" to destroy electrical power systems without much collateral damage.
Types of missiles
The two main kinds of missiles are simple "rockets" and "guided missiles".
A rocket is no longer controlled once it has been launched.
Most guided missile are also propelled by a rocket engine but can be controlled after it has been launched.
Some missiles used in anti-aircraft warfare, such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder, guide themselves with temperature.
Others guide themselves by radar or are under radio control.
V-2 rocket
Salford is a city in England.
It was made a free borough by Ranulf, Earl of Chester in about 1230.
and was granted city status in 1926.
Salford is unusual because it borders the city of Manchester at its center, rather than its outskirts.
The two cities are divided by the River Irwell.
Salford shares the industrial history of its neighbour Manchester.
It hosts several museums and art centres, chiefly: The Lowry and the Imperial War Museum, both on Salford Quays.
Cities in North West England
Settlements in Greater Manchester
Mongol invasion of Russia, Hungary, and Poland
The Nightmare Before Christmas is a 1993 movie directed by Henry Selick and produced/co-written by Tim Burton.
It is a 31st movie.
It tells the story of Jack Skellington, a skeleton from "Halloween Town" who opens a portal to "Christmas Town".
This new town makes Jack realize he wants to do something different than Halloween every year.
Jack tries Christmas out but soon realizes that Christmas may not be for him.
Danny Elfman wrote the music to the movie and provided the singing voice of Jack, as well as other characters.
Other voices in the movie include Chris Sarandon, Catherine O'Hara, William Hickey, Ken Page and Glen Shadix.
Chris Sarandon as Jack Skellington
Danny Elfman as Jack Skellington (singing voice) / Barrel / Clown with the Tearaway Face
Catherine O'Hara as Sally / Shock
William Hickey as Doctor Finkelstein
Glenn Shadix as Mayor of Halloweentown
Paul Reubens as Lock
Ken Page as Oogie Boogie
Ed Ivory as Santa Claus
The Nightmare Before Christmas  at The Tim Burton Collective
1993 movies
2000s 3D movies
Movies composed by Danny Elfman
Crumple zones in a car help to reduce the impact of force on the people in the car when the car crashes into a solid object or another vehicle.
The car is designed to crumple in a way so it absorbs energy to decelerate for longer and so reduce the force and severity of the crash on the people in the car.
Harriet Rebecca Lane Johnston (May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903), niece of lifelong bachelor United States President James Buchanan, acted as First Lady of the United States from 1857 to 1861.
She was one of the few women to hold the position of First Lady while not being married to the President.
Her parents were Elliot Tole Lane and Jane Buchanan Lane.
When she was 9 years old, her mother died.
Two years later, her father also died.
She became an orphan.
She requested that her uncle, James Buchanan, be made her guardian.
Thus, Buchanan became her guardian.
He arranged for her education.
She received a very good education.
In 1854 she went to London to live with her uncle, James Buchanan.
There she attracted the attention of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
She gave her the title of “dear Miss Lane”.
In 1857, her uncle became the President of the United States.
She became the First Lady.
She was a popular First Lady, and was very active.
Women of that time even copied her hair style and style of dressing.
People describe her as the first of the modern first lady.
After First Lady
After her uncle retired, they went to live in his big home at, Wheatland near Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
From her young age, she had met many persons.
After this, she moved to Washington to live.
She gifted a large collection of her art works to the government.
An official of the Smithsonian Institute once described her as the First Lady of the National Collection of Fine Arts.
She also donated a large amount to build a facility for invalid children at the  Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore.
She married when she was 36.
Her husband was Henry Elliot Johnston.
Her husband was a banker from Baltimore.
1903 deaths
Afelia is a Greek food.
It is popular in the island nation of Cyprus.
Afelia is made from pork, red wine, mushrooms, potatoes and coriander seed.
How to cook afelia – The Worldwide Gourmet
The President of Ireland (Irish: Uachtarán na hÉireann ) is the head of state of Ireland.
It is mostly ceremonial and elections are held every seven years, a person can be elected for up to two terms.
The current President of Ireland is Michael D. Higgins.
Appoints the government: The President formally appoints the Taoiseach (head of government) and other ministers, and accepts their resignations.
Signs bills into law: The President cannot veto a bill that the Dáil and the Seanad have adopted.
Power of pardon: The President, on the advice of the Government, has "the right of pardon and the power to commute or remit punishment".
The President is ex officio President of the Irish Red Cross Society.
The President appoints, on the advice of the Government, the Senior Professors and chairman of the council of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies;
List of presidents of Ireland
Government of the Republic of Ireland
Normandy () is a region in the northern part of France.
People from Normandy are called Normans.
The name Normandy comes from the conquest and subsequent settlement of the area by the "Northmen" () also called Vikings.
The group of people that settled at Rouen and became the Normans was led by Rollo.
It is also famous for being the location of the Allied invasion of France during World War II (See D-Day).
The Battle of Normandy was the beginning of the Allied invasion and liberation of Europe from Nazi Germany.
Archaeological evidence, such as cave paintings, show that people lived in Normandy in prehistoric times.
The Gouy and Orival cave paintings also show people lived in Seine-Maritime.
Many megaliths can be found in Normandy, most of them built in the same way.
Groups of Belgae and Celts, known as Gauls, invaded Normandy in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.
Much of our knowledge about this group comes from Julius Caesar’s book de Bello Gallico.
Caesar wrote about many groups among the Belgae who lived different areas in agrarian towns surrounded by walls.
In 57 BC the Gauls worked together and tried to fight Caesar’s army.
They were led by Vercingetorix.
The Normans lost an important fight at Alesia.
They did not stop fighting until 51 BC, when Caesar finished his conquest of Gaul.
Normandy was part of Armorica when it was ruled by Romans.
The duchy of Normandy began in the year 911.
Charles the Simple, King of France gave land near Rouen and the lower Seine to Rollo, leader of a band of Vikings.
This treaty is often called St. Clair-sur-Epte.
More land was given in 924 and 933.
The Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror, invaded England in 1066 after King Edward the Confessor died.
William the Conqueror thought he should be King of England.
But King Harold II had crowned himself king.
King Harold's Saxon army and William's Norman army fought at the Battle of Hastings on October 14 1066.
King Harold was killed in the battle.
On December 25 1066 William was crowned King of England as 'William I'.
The historic duchy is made of two regions of France: Upper Normandy and Lower Normandy.
The Channel Islands are part of the duchy of Normandy.
But they are not part of France.
The whole duchy was not part of France for a long time.
In 1205 Philip II of France took away all the French land from King John of England.
After, Normandy was a region in France.
Invasion of Normandy WW II
During the Second World War (1939–1945) Normandy was part of the German occupied France.
The town of Dieppe was the site of the unsuccessful Dieppe Raid by Canadian and British armed forces.
The Allies (Britain, the United States, and Canada) launched the D-Day landings on 6 June 1944 under the code name 'Operation Overlord'.
This invasion from the sea involved nearly 160,000 Allied soldiers in about 7,000 ships and landing craft.
About 12,000 planes dropping paratroopers preceded the amphibious assault by several hours.
The Germans were defending their fortifications above the beaches.
Caen, Cherbourg, Carentan, Falaise and other Norman towns endured many casualties in the Battle of Normandy.
The German defenders fought aggressively but constantly pushed back by overwhelming force.
The battle for Normandy continued until the closing of the Falaise pocket.
The liberation of Le Havre followed.
What followed was the breakout of Allied forces into France and finally Germany.
This was a significant turning point in the war.
It led to the restoration of the French government in France.
The remainder of Normandy was liberated only on 9 May 1945 at the end of the war, when the German occupation of the Channel Islands effectively ended.
The historical duchy of Normandy occupied the lower Seine area, the Pays de Caux and the region to the west through the Pays d'Auge as far as the Cotentin Peninsula.
The region is bordered along the northern coasts by the English Channel.
There are granite cliffs in the west and limestone cliffs in the east.
There are also long stretches of beach in the center of the region.
The unique bocage hedges are typical of the western areas of Normandy.
The highest point is the Signal d'Écouves at  in the Massif armoricain.
Normandy is lightly forested.
Eure has the most wooded areas with about 20% being forest.
The population of Normandy today is around 3.45 million.
2016 establishments in France
Sarah Childress Polk (September 4, 1803 - August 14, 1891) was the wife of the US President James K. Polk.
She was the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1849.
She was born in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
She was the elder daughter of her parents, Captain Joel and Elizabeth Childress.
As a child, she lived on a plantation near Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
She got a good education and studied at Salem College in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
On 1 January 1824, she married James K. Polk.
At the time of her marriage, she was 20 years old.
Polk was aged 28 years.
At the time of this marriage, Polk had just begun his first year's service in the Tennessee legislature.
The Polk couple did not get any children of their own.
They raised a nephew, Marshall Polk (1831-1884).
After her husband’s death, Sarah Polk raised a niece, Sarah Polk Jetton (1847-1924).
First Lady tenure
She also helped privately her husband in preparing his speeches and in his correspondence.
During her term as the First Lady, the functions at the White House were famous for their calmness and soberness.
One of the reasons being her young age when she became the First Lady.
She became the First Lady when she was only 41.
The other reason that she was having a good health.
Her husband died just after three months of her retirement as the President.
At that time the couple was living at their new home named Polk Place in Nashville.
After her husband’s death she always dressed in black.
She lived in that house for about 42 years, the longest retirement and widowhood of any former US First Lady.
Living longer
Only three other First Ladies, namely, Anna Harrison, Edith Bolling Wilson, Lady Bird Johnson and Bess Truman had lived longer than Sarah Polk.
Sarah Polk, as the First Lady of the United States, even outlived several of her successors.
She lived longer than Margaret Taylor, Abigail Fillmore, Jane Pierce, Mary Todd Lincoln, Eliza McCardle Johnson and Lucy Webb Hayes.
1891 deaths
Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison (1775 - 1864) was the wife of President William Henry Harrison.
President Benjamin Harrison was her grandson.
She was the First Lady of the United States during her husband's one-month term in 1841.
But she never entered the White House.
She was born near Morristown, New Jersey on July 25, 1775.
Her father was a judge and his name was John Cleves Symmes.
Her mother’s name was Anna Tuthill Symmes.
Her mother died in 1776 when Anna was hardly one year old.
During the American Revolution, Anna's father dressed like a British soldier and carried her on horseback passing through the British lines to her grandparents on Long Island.
They cared for the child till the end of the war with the British.
At the age of thirteen, she went to North Bend, Ohio to live with her father and the stepmother.
After few years, she met William Harrison, a young army officer.
She married him on 25th November 1795.
The couple had six sons and four daughters: Elizabeth Bassett "Betsy" (1796 - 1846), John Cleves Symmes (1798 - 1830), Lucy Singleton (1800 - 1826), William Henry, Jr. (1802 - 1838), John Scott (1804 - 1878), Benjamin (1806 - 1840), Mary Symmes (1809 - 1842), Carter Bassett (1811 - 1839), Anna Tuthill (1813 - 1845), and James Findlay (1814 - 1817).
After an eventful career in the US Army, her husband became the President of the United States in 1841.
Due to her illness, she could not attend the inauguration ceremony and remained at their home in North Bend.
After a month, on April 4, 1841, she was about to move to Washington when she learned of her husband's death.
Thus, she never entered the White House, even though she was the First Lady.
After the death of her husband, she lived in North Bend with one of her sons, John Scott Harrison.
She helped raise his children.
One of the children was eight-year old Benjamin who became President of the United States.
She died at the age of 88 on February 25, 1864 at home in North Bend, Ohio.
Sarah Yorke Jackson (July 1805? -
August 23, 1887) was the daughter in law of US President Andrew Jackson and Rachel Donelson Jackson.
She acted as the First Lady of the United States from November 26, 1834 to March 4, 1837.
Sarah Yorke was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Her parents were very rich.
The exact date of her birth is not known.
But, it was in July 1805.
Her father’s name was Peter Yorke.
Her father had worked as a sea captain, and then became a merchant.
Her mother’s name was Mary Haines York.
Her father died in 1805.
While going to New Orleans, her mother died in 1820.
Sarah had two other sisters.
Her two aunts raised all the three children.
On November 24 1831, Sarah married Andrew Jackson, Jr. He was the adopted son of president Andrew Jackson.
The couple lived in the family plantation farm in Tennessee.
There in 1834, a fire destroyed the main house.
They came to Washington, and started living in the White House.
By that time, they had become parents of two children.
The couple and their children reached the White House on November 26 1834.
She immediately started to act as the First Lady.
At the same time, the President’s niece Emily Donelson was also acting as the First Lady.
This is the single example of two ladies acting as the First Lady in the history of the United States.
In 1836, Emily died of tuberculosis.
After that, Sarah continued to act as the First Lady.
President Jackson’s term as president expired in 1837.
Until then Sarah remained in the White House, and continued to act as the First lady.
By that time, a new house was constructed at Tennessee.
The couple and the former president lived there for about eight years.
In 1845, Andrew Jackson died.
She continued to live there with her husband.
When the American Civil War broke out, the couple moved to Mississippi.
She died on August 23 1887.
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The order Carnivora is a group of mammals.
The group is divided into the "cat-like" Feliformia and the "dog-like" Caniformia.
Animals of the order Carnivora are carnivores, a term which applies to all flesh-eaters.
If one needs to refer to members of the order, then carnivorans is used.
Many species of Carnivora are actually omnivores, and a few of them, like the giant panda, eat mostly plants.
Suborder Feliformia ("cat-like")
Family Felidae: cats
Family Viverridae
Family Hyaenidae: hyenas
Family Eupleridae
Family Herpestidae: mongooses
Suborder Caniformia ("dog-like")
Family Canidae: dogs, foxes, wolves, jackals, and coyotes
Family Ursidae: bears
Family Ailuridae: red pandas
Family Mephitidae: skunks
Family Mustelidae: martins, badgers, and minks
Family Procyonidae: racoons
Superfamily Pinnipedia : walruses, and seals
Family Odobenidae
Family Otariidae
Family Phocidae
†Miacoidea
†Viverravidae
†Miacidae (Miacis)
The carnivores known as †Creodonts have some relation to these groups, but are placed outside the Carnivoramorpha.
The †Mesonychids are another extinct group of early carnivores, which are also not in the Carnivoramorpha.
Fowls are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes).
It happens that birds in these groups are good to eat, and often hunted by gun.
So the word 'fowl' may be used for a game bird.
The group is mostly of birds we hunt or farm, and which we eat.
Studies of anatomical and molecular similarities suggest these two groups are close evolutionary relatives.
Together, they form the fowl clade, the Galloanserae.
This clade is also supported by morphological and DNA sequence data, as well as retrotransposon data.
Galloanserae is the clade fowl the form they Together relatives ary evolution close are groups two these suggest similarities molecular biology Molecular and anatomical Anatomy of Studies eat we which and farm or hunt we birds of mostly is group The bird game a for used be may 'fowl' word the So gun by hunted often and eat to good are groups these in birds that happens.
It Anseriformes waterfowl the and Galliformes landfowl or gamefowl the namely orders biological biology order two of one to belonging birds are fowl.
A receipt is usually a piece of paper, but in some parts of the world they can also be hard tokens.
The word comes from "receive", which means "to get".
Receipts are used to show or prove that someone has got or received something.
It usually shows proof that something has been paid for.
It might also be used to show that something was brought in to be fixed, for example, a bicycle.
An error is a mistake: that is its basic meaning.
However, there are some differences in how the word is used in different subjects.
In arithmetic
Elementary errors in arithmetic show a wrong pattern of thought.
For example, if a child misplaces the decimal point in some decimal arithmetic, that shows he or she has not understood the idea.
By explaining how decimal points should be placed, a teacher can correct all future calculations of this kind.
The error is a sign of a general misunderstanding, which, when cured, may never happen again.
In this way, errors can help learning.
This idea can be developed in many other subjects.
Errors can help learning if corrected, and that is used by many textbooks with end-of-chapter questions.
The idea of the questions (which often have end of book answers) is to help the reader find out what needs correcting.
The principle of learning is called knowledge of results.
In statistics
A statistical error is the amount by which a sample differs from its expected value.
The expected value is based on the whole population from which the individual was chosen.
The difference between a value in the sample and the (unobservable) population mean is a statistical error, whereas
The difference between a value in the sample and the observable sample mean is a residual.
The word 'error' can be used to describe a computer program that was not written in the right way.
A syntax error is a bit of source code that does not make sense to the computer.
A logic error is a mistake in the algorithm used, which might result in problems with the output.
An error may also be an exception, which is something that happens unexpectedly.
For example, it is an error to try to write more files onto a disk that is full.
Careful programmers write code that can deal with errors that may happen; they can do this by labeling each error with an error code and using exception handling.
Continuing to run a program when an error has not been dealt with can cause error avalanche, which means errors pile up and behavior becomes more difficult to predict.
The Union of European Football Associations mostly called the UEFA, is the organization that controls European football (soccer) (often referred to as association football).
The UEFA is one of 6 continental confederations of the FIFA.
It is also the biggest one.
The President of the UEFA is Florentino Pérez, who also works as the president of Real Madrid.
Some members of the UEFA are partly or whole not part of the European continent (Israel, Turkey, Kazakhstan,Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Cyprus and Russia).
There are members that do not represent sovereign states, such as the Faroe Islands, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
UEFA national teams have won 12 FIFA World Cups (Italy-4, Germany-4, France-2, England and Spain-one trophy each), and UEFA clubs have won 21 Intercontinental Cups and four FIFA Club World Cups.
In women's, UEFA teams have won three FIFA Women's World Cups (Germany 2, Norway 1) and one Olympic gold medal (Norway).
Members of UEFA
International competitions
The main international competition is the UEFA European Football Championship.
This competition started in 1958, with the first finals in 1960.
It is held every four years.
The last was 2016 in France.
The title was won by Portugal for their first time ever.
There were also European competitions at the Under-21, Under-19 and Under-17 levels.
For women there was the UEFA Women's Championship.
Club competitions
There are two main club competitions.
The highest is the UEFA Champions League.
It started in the 1992/93 season as follower of the UEFA Champion Cup.
This competition was first held in 1956.
The second is the UEFA Europa League.
The league started in 1999 when the UEFA Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup merged.
In women's football UEFA governs UEFA Women's Champions League for club teams.
The competition was first held in 2009 (out of UEFA Women's Cup until 2009)
Winner of the UEFA Champions League
2017/18-Real Madrid
2016/17-Real Madrid
2015/16-Real Madrid
2014/15-FC Barcelona
2013/14-Real Madrid
2012/13-Bayern Munich
2011/12-Chelsea FC
2010/11-FC Barcelona
2009/10-Inter Milan
2008/09-FC Barcelona
2007/08-Manchester United
2006/07-AC Milan
2005/06-FC Barcelona
2004/05-Liverpool FC
2003/04-FC Porto
2002/03-AC Milan
2001/02-Real Madrid
2000/01-Bayern Munich
1999/00-Real Madrid
1998/99-Manchester United
1997/98-Real Madrid
1996/97-Borussia Dortmund
1995/96-Juventus
1994/95-Ajax Amsterdam
1993/94-AC Milan
1992/93-Olympic Marseille
Winner of the UEFA Women's Champions League
2009/10-1.
FFC Turbine Potsdam (Germany)
2010/11-Olympique Lyon (France)
European Football Champions
UEFA homepage
1954 establishments in Europe
West Asian Football Federation
AFC homepage
1954 establishments in Asia
Sports organizations of Asia
Micronesia is an area in Oceania.
Many islands in southwest Pacific Ocean are part of it.
Micronesia means small islands in ancient Greek language.
Philippines is to the west of Micronesia.
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Melanesia are to the south of Micronesia.
Polynesia is to the east of Micronesia.
List of islands and countries in Micronesia
Gilbert Islands (in Republic of Kiribati)
Republic of the Marshall Islands
Federated States of Micronesia (It may be called just Micronesia)
Republic of Nauru
Republic of Palau
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (in United States)
Territory of Guam;
Territory of Wake Island.
bcl:Maykronisya
The 2002 FIFA World Cup was a football sporting event that was held in South Korea and Japan from May 31 to June 30, 2002.
Brazil won the trophy after beating Germany in the final by a score of 2-0.
69,029 people were at the finals at International Stadium, Yokohama.
Senegal (SEN) • Squad
South Africa (RSA) • Squad
Tunisia (TUN) • Squad
China PR (CHN) • Squad
Japan (JPN) • Squad
South Korea (KOR) • Squad
Saudi Arabia (KSA) • Squad
Belgium (BEL) • Squad
Croatia (CRO) • Squad
Denmark (DEN) • Squad
England (ENG) • Squad
France (FRA) • Squad
Germany (GER) • Squad
Italy (ITA) • Squad
Poland (POL) • Squad
Portugal (POR) • Squad
Republic of Ireland (IRL) • Squad
Russia (RUS) • Squad
Slovenia (SVN) • Squad
Spain (ESP) • Squad
Sweden (SWE) • Squad
Turkey (TUR) • Squad
Costa Rica (CRC) • Squad
Mexico (MEX) • Squad
United States (USA) • Squad
Argentina (ARG) • Squad
Brazil (BRA) • Squad
Ecuador (ECU) • Squad
Paraguay (PAR) • Squad
Uruguay (URU) • Squad
Goalscorers
John Dahl Tomasson
Darío Rodríguez
Sebastjan Cimirotič
2000s in Japan
21st century in South Korea
Football in Japan
Football in South Korea
CONMEBOL or CSF (CONfederación SudaMEricana de FútBOL in Spanish, CONfederação Sul-AMEricana de FuteBOL in Portuguese; South American Football Confederation) is the governing body of football in most of South America.
Three countries or territories on the South American mainland—the independent countries of Guyana and Suriname, plus the French overseas department of French Guiana—are not CONMEBOL members.
Instead, for cultural and competitive reasons, they are members of CONCACAF, the governing body for the rest of the Americas.
Copa América, the CONMEBOL championship for men's national teams
Copa Libertadores, the main CONMEBOL club championship
Copa Sudamericana, second major CONMEBOL club championship
CONMEBOL homepage
Monotremes are a group of mammals that form the order Monotremata.
Monotremes are the only mammals that lay eggs, but they also feed their babies with milk.
The word 'monotreme' refers to their common rear opening, the cloaca.
In amphibia, reptiles, birds and probably all early tetrapods, there is a common opening for urine, reproduction and faeces.
The time at which the monotreme line diverged from other mammalian lines is uncertain, but one survey of genetic studies gives an estimate of about 220 million years ago.
This is in the Upper Triassic.
Fossils of a jaw fragment 110 million years old were found at Lightning Ridge, New South Wales.
This means they originated up to 100 million years before the Metatheria or Eutheria, so they are definitely 'living fossils'.
Mosaic features
But the monotremes also have other features such as the production of milk, caring for their young in burrows, homeothermy and a neocortex in their brains.
These are advanced ('derived') features which they share with placentals and marsupials.
This mixture of basal and derived features is characteristic of the way different body parts often evolve at different rates.
This is called mosaic evolution.
In mammals, a monophyletic group, there were a number of different lines living at the same time through the Upper Triassic to the Upper Cretaceous.
Each of these lines had a mixture of basal and derived features until, at last, the placental mammals developed the whole suite of derived characters.
This gave them a great advantage over the other groups wherever open competition occurred.
However, because of their long seclusion in southern continents, some of the monotremes and marsupials have survived.
There are two surviving families of monotremes, with five living species.
They all live in Australia and New Guinea.
People commonly know them as the platypus and the spiny anteaters.
There is only one platypus that exists now, the duck-billed platypus.
The four others are the spiny anteaters, or the echidna.
Types of monotreme
Order Monotremata
Family Ornithorhynchidae
Genus Ornithorhynchus
Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus
Family Tachyglossidae: Echidnas
Short-beaked Echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus
Genus Zaglossus: Long-beaked Echidnas
Western Long-beaked Echidna, Zaglossus bruijni
Sir David's Long-beaked Echidna, Zaglossus attenboroughi
Eastern Long-beaked Echidna, Zaglossus bartoni
The FIFA Club World Cup is a competition in the sport of Club football.
The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) organizes the World Cup every one year.
The tournament officially assigns the world title.
It is normally contested between the Champions of each continent, and the champion of the host country.
Real Madrid is the most successful team in the tournament, with 4 titles.
List of champions and statistics