the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
There were also stories from Bulgaria that Anastasia and her brother were still alive.
In 1953, Peter Zamiatkin told a 16-year-old person being treated at a hospital that he had taken Anastasia and Alexei to the village where he was born near Odessa.
He said he was a member of the guard of the Romanovs, and that the Tsar had asked him to do this.
Zamiatkin said that after the rest of the family had been killed, he escaped with the children on a ship. "
Anastasia" and "Alexei" lived under false names in the Bulgarian town of Gabarevo.
The Bulgarian "Anastasia" called herself Eleonora Albertovna Kruger.
She died in 1954.
Romanov graves
In 1991, the place where the Imperial family and their servants were supposedly buried as found in the woods outside Yekaterinburg.
It had actually been found almost ten years earlier, but had been kept hidden by the people who discovered it.
They did not want the Communists, who still ruled Russia at that time, to know where the grave was.
The grave only had nine bodies instead of 11.
DNA and studies on their skeletons showed that they were the bodies of Tsar Nicholas II, his wife, and three of the Grand Duchesses (Olga, Tatiana, and Maria).
The other remains had different DNA.
They were the bodies of the family's doctor (Yevgeny Botkin), valet (Alexei Trupp), cook (Ivan Kharitonov) and Alexandra's maid (Anna Demidova).
Dr. William Maples decided that the Tsarevitch Alexei and Anastasia's bodies were missing.
Russian scientists did not agree with this.
They claimed that it was the body of Maria was missing, not Anastasia's.
The Russians used a computer program to compare photos of Anastasia with the skulls from the grave.
When some of the pieces of bone in the skulls were missing, they guessed how long or wide it was instead.
American scientists thought this way of studying the bodies was wrong.
American scientists thought the missing body was Anastasia's.
This was because none of the female skeletons showed signs that it was not fully grown yet.
The remains of the Imperial Family were buried in 1998.
At that time, a body that measured about 5 feet, 7 inches (170 cm) was buried as the body of Anastasia.
Photographs of her standing next to her sisters six months before she died show that Anastasia was a few inches shorter than all of them.
The "Yurovsky Note" showed that two of the bodies were taken from the main grave and burned secretly to hide the burials of the Imperial family.
However, people could not find the place where the bodies were burnt for many years.
However, on 23 August 2007, a Russian archaeologist declared that he had found two burned skeletons near Yekaterinburg, at a place which seemed to match what was described in Yurovsky's writings.
The archaeologists said that the bones were from a boy who was about 10 to 13, and a young woman who was between 18 and 23 years old.
Anastasia was 17 years and one month old when she was killed; Maria was 19 years, one month old, and Alexei was just two weeks before his fourteenth birthday.
Anastasia's older sisters, Olga and Tatiana, were 22 and 23 when they died.
They used metal detectors to find the bones.
Many international laboratories such as the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory and Medical University of Innsbruck did DNA tests.
They proved that the remains were from the body of Tsarevich Alexei and one of his sister.
They agreed that everyone in the family, including Anastasia, died in 1918.
All the parents and children has his or her own special DNA.
Sainthood
In 2000, Anastasia and her family were canonized as passion bearers by the Russian Orthodox Church.
In 1981, they had already been canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad as holy martyrs.
The bodies of Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra, and three of their daughters were buried in the St. Catherine Chapel at St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998.
This was 80 years after they had been murdered.
The stories of how Anastasia might have escaped became the subject of theatrical and television movies.
The earliest, made in 1928, was called Clothes Make the Woman.
The story was about a woman who acts the character of Anastasia in a Hollywood movie, and is later recognized by the Russian soldier who saved her.
In 1956, a movie called Anastasia was made.
Ingrid Bergman acted Anna Anderson, Yul Brynner was General Bounine (a fictional character based on several real men), and Helen Hayes as the Dowager Empress Marie, Anastasia's grandmother.
The movie is about a woman from an asylum who came to Paris in 1928 and was captured by some Russian émigrés who use her so that they can fool Anastasia's grandmother into thinking Anderson actually is her granddaughter.
This is because they want to get a Tsarist fortune.
After some time, they begin wondering if "Madame A. Anderson" really is the missing Grand Duchess.
This story was also used for the short 1965 musical Anya.
In 1986, NBC began a mini-series inspired by a book published in 1983 by Peter Kurth called Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson.
The movie, Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, was a series with two parts.
It began with the young Anastasia Nicholaievna and her family being sent to Yekaterinburg, where they are killed by Bolshevik soldiers.
The story then moves to 1923, saying that Anna Anderson is Anastasia.
Amy Irving was the actress for Anna Anderson.
The most recent movie is 1997's Anastasia.
This was an animated musical adaptation of the story of Anastasia's fictional (not real) escape from Russia and how she tried to be recognized.
The movie often used wrong historical facts.
In The Romanov Prophecy, a 2004 novel by Steve Berry, Anastasia and Alexei are saved by guards and taken away to the United States.
There, they live under false names with a family paid by Felix Yusupov.
In the novel, both children died in the 1920s because they became sick.
However, before they died, Alexei married and had a son.
Christopher Peter, Kurth Peter, Radzinsky Edvard (1995).
Tsar: The Lost World of Nicholas and Alexandra.
Little Brown and Co.
Dehn, Lili (1922).
The Real Tsaritsa.
alexanderpalace.org.
Eagar, Margaret (1906).
Six Years at the Russian Court.
Gilliard, Pierre.
Thirteen Years at the Russian Court alexanderpalace.org.
Lovell, James Blair (1991).
Anastasia: The Lost Princess.
Regnery Gateway.
Massie, Robert K. (1967).
Nicholas and Alexandra.
Dell Publishing Co.
Massie, Robert K. (1995).
The Romanovs: The Final Chapter.
Random House.
Occleshaw, Michael (1993).
The Romanov Conspiracies: The Romanovs and the House of Windsor.
Orion Publishing Group Ltd.
Radzinsky, Edvard (1992).
The Last Tsar.
Doubleday.
Sams, Ed.
Victoria's Dark Secrets .
curiouschapbooks.com.
Shevchenko, Maxim.
The Glorification of the Royal Family.
Nezavisemaya Gazeta, May 31, 2000.
Vorres, Ian (1965).
The Last Grand Duchess.
Scribner.
ASIN B-0007-E0JK-0
Vorres, Ian (1985).
The Last Grand Duchess London, Finedawn Press (3rd edition)
Vyrubova, Anna.
Memories of the Russian Court.
Russian grand dukes and duchesses
Children victims of violence
Anna Anderson (December 16, 1896 – February 12, 1984) was a woman who claimed she was Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia.
The real Anastasia had been murdered in Ekaterinburg with the rest of her immediate family on July 17,1918.
Her remains have been found and extensively tested using DNA samples from Anastasia's family comparing them to Anderson.
There was no match at all.
Anderson attempted to kill herself in 1920 in Berlin, Germany.
She was taken to a mental hospital.
A short time later she began to tell her false story of escape to people there.
Some people believed her.
Most people did not.
Her false claims were pushed for 70 years.
Movies were made about her story.
She married Jack Manahan and called herself Anastasia Manahan.
They lived in Charlottesville, Virginia, where she died of pneumonia in 1984.
Article by Peter Kurth  — Anna Anderson’s biographer tells why he does not believe Anna Anderson was Franziska Schanzkowska.
Russian Forensics  - A site demonstrating the Russian agenda to prove Anastasia's remains were in the grave.
Anna Anderson Exposed - A site exposing why Anna Anderson was a fraud.
Anna Anderson WAS Grand Duchess Anastasia — a site supporting a "conspiracy theory" surrounding Anna Anderson and Anastasia
Article by Rey Barry — Journalist Rey Barry — friend of Anna Anderson and Jack Manahan, and a supporter of her pretensions.
Anastasia: Duchess in Disguise  — another website arguing that  photographs of Anna Anderson look like Anastasia.
Anastasia and Anna Anderson — A narrative of Anastasia’s death.
Anna Anderson/ Anastasia Manahan — A paper written by a supporter with a list of reasons why they believe that Anna Anderson was Anastasia.
Anastasia: The Truth - A website correcting misstatements recently made about Anastasia and Anna Anderson.
HIH Grand Duchess Anastasia Historical Society  - A web site telling the story of Anastasia Nikolaevna and the woman who claimed to be her.
Could Anna Anderson be Anastasia?
- A web site discussing the DNA tests done on Anna Anderson.
Anastasia: The Unmasking Of Anna Anderson  - An online article on Anna Anderson and her claim.
Celtic Football Club is a professional football club based in Glasgow, Scotland.
They play in the Scottish Premiership and are one of the most successful Scottish teams.
Celtic is half of the Old Firm, alongside Rangers F.C.. This is a term that used to describe both Rangers and Celtic together.
Scottish Premier League clubs
1888 establishments in the United Kingdom
Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (Maria Nikolaevna Romanova; Russian: Великая Княжна Мария Николаевна,  – July 17, 1918) was the third daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Tsarina Alexandra Fyodorovna (Alix of Hesse).
After she was murdered in the Russian Revolution of 1917, she was canonized as a passion bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church.
When she lived, Maria was not old enough to be a Red Cross nurse like her sisters.
Instead, she was patroness of a hospital and visited wounded soldiers.
She was very interested in the lives of the soldiers, and had several innocent crushes on the young men she met.
She wanted to marry and have a big family.
She was known to be flirtatious at a young age.
She was an older sister of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia.
Her sister Anastasia was famous for stories about her escape from the murder of the royal family for almost 90 years.
In the 1990s, it was suggested that the Grand Duchess whose remains were not in the Romanov grave might be Maria.
However, further remains were discovered in 2007, and DNA proved at last that the entire Imperial family had been murdered in 1918.
People described Maria as a pretty, flirtatious girl.
She was plump, with light brown hair and big blue eyes that her family called "Marie's saucers".
Her French teacher Pierre Gilliard said Maria was tall and healthy, with rosy cheeks.
Tatiana Botkina thought Maria's eyes were "soft and gentle."
While her elder sister  Tatiana was considered the most elegant, Maria was thought to be the beauty of the family.
When she was a baby, people compared her to one of Botticelli's angels.
Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia called her "The Amiable (Good-hearted) Baby".
When she was young, Maria once ran away from her bath and ran naked (without clothes) all around the palace.
Her Irish nurse, Margaretta Eager, who was talking about politics with a friend, did not even notice. "
Fortunately, I arrived just at that moment, picked her up and carried her back to Miss Eagar," remembered her aunt Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia.
Her older sisters did not like to let Maria join in their games.
They once even called Maria their "stepsister".
This was because she was so good and never got into trouble, according to Margaretta Eagar.
However, even the sweet Maria could be mischievous sometimes.
Once, when she was young, she stole some biscuits from her mother's tea table.
The governess and Alexandra wanted her to go to bed as a punishment, but Nicholas said no.
He said, "I was always afraid (fearful) of the wings growing.
I am glad to see she is only a human child."
Eagar remarked that Maria loved her father deeply.
She often tried to run away from the nursery to "go to Papa".
When her father was ill with typhoid, Maria covered a small picture of him with kisses every night.
She was raised very simply.
She shared a room with her sister Anastasia, where the walls were painted gray, and the ceiling was painted with butterflies.
The furniture was simple and in white and green colors.
Bokhanov, Alexander, Knodt, Dr. Manfred, Oustimenko, Vladimir, Peregudova, Zinaida, and Tyutyunnik, Lyubov (1993).
The Romanovs: Love, Power, and Tragedy.
Leppi Publications.
Christopher, Peter, Kurth, Peter, and Radzinsky, Edvard (1995) Tsar: The Lost World of Nicholas and Alexandra.
King, Greg and Wilson, Penny (2003) The Fate of the Romanovs.
Klier, John and Mingay, Helen (1995).
The Quest for Anastasia: Solving the Mystery of the Last Romanovs.
Birch Lane Press Book.
Kurth, Peter (1983).
Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson.
Back Bay Books.
Mager, Hugo (1998).
Elizabeth: Grand Duchess of Russia.
Caroll and Graf Publishers, Inc.
Maylunas, Andrei and Mironenko, Sergei, editors; Darya Galy, translator (1997).
A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas and Alexandra: Their Own Story.
Doubleday,
Radzinsky, Edvard (2000).
The Rasputin File.
Vorres, Ian (1965), The Last Grand Duchess, Scribner.
ASIN B0007E0JK0, p. 115
Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (b. June 10, 1897, Russia) was a daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Tsarina Alexandra Fyodorovna.
She was a sister of Olga, Anastasia, Maria, and Tsarevich Alexei of Russia.
Her friends said she was more beautiful than her sisters.
She was a Red Cross nurse during World War I. She was practical and liked to help her mother.
Her religion was Russian Orthodox.
She spoke Russian, English and French fluently.
Tatiana was killed by Bolsheviks on July 17, 1918 with the rest of her family and some of their servants, during the Russian Revolution.
Their mass grave was found later in Siberia after some speculation that one of her sisters, mainly presumed to be Anastasia, had escaped.
Tatiana and her family were then buried in St. Petersburg, Russia on July 17, 1998.
They were made saints by the Russian Orthodox Church in 2000.
livadia.org
alexanderpalace.org
Find-A-Grave
Tatiana Romanova
The Glorification of the Royal Family
Hemophilia A (Factor VIII Deficiency)
Rally-X is a arcade video game released by Namco in 1980.
The player moves a car around a maze.
The player tries to collect 10 "flags".
Running in to a red car
Running in to rocks
Running out of fuel
In Rally-X, there are two types of flags: regular flags and special flags.
Special flags double the players points after collecting it.
It will only work if the player does not lose a life.
In New Rally-X, there is another flag called a lucky flag.
It fills up the car's fuel tank if it is empty.
There is only one special flag or lucky flag.
Olga's future marriage was the subject of much speculation inside Russia while she was alive.
There were stories about matches with Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, Crown Prince Carol of Romania, Edward, Prince of Wales, eldest son of Britain's George V, and with Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia.
Olga wanted to marry a Russian and stay in her home country.
During World War I, Olga nursed wounded soldiers at a military hospital until she became ill herself.
After that, she managed administrative duties at the hospital.
Olga was murdered with her family on July 17, 1918 by the Bolshevik secret police.
The Russian Orthodox Church canonized her as a passion bearer after her death.
Later, many people falsely claimed to be surviving members of the royal family.
A woman named Marga Boodts claimed to be Grand Duchess Olga, but she was not taken seriously.
Historians believe that Olga was killed with her family at Ekaterinburg.
Her remains were identified through DNA testing.
They were buried in a funeral ceremony in 1998 at Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg with those of her parents and two of her sisters.
Olga's sisters were Grand Duchesses Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia.
She also had a brother, Tsarevich Alexei of Russia.
Olga’s title (Velikaya Knyazhna Великая Княжна) is best translated as "Grand Princess".
This meant that Olga, as an "Imperial Highness", was higher in rank than other Princesses in Europe who were "Royal Highnesses". "
Grand Duchess" became the most well-known translation of the title into English from Russian.
Olga's friends and family usually called her simply Olga Nikolaevna.
They also called her "Olishka" or "Olya".
Queen Victoria was her great-grandmother.
Olga was very close to her sister Tatiana.
They shared a room, dressed similarly, and were known as "The Big Pair".
The younger sisters, Maria and Anastasia, were known as "The Little Pair".
Olga was known for her compassion and kindness from when she was young.
But she also had a quick temper and often spoke what she thought plainly.
Once, when she was a small child, she became impatient while posing for a portrait painter and told him, "You are a very ugly man and I don't like you one bit!"
Pierre Gilliard, her French teacher, said that when he first saw Olga when she was 10 years old, she was "very fair, and with sparkling, mischievous  examined me with a look which seemed from the first moment to be searching for the weak point in my armor, but there was something so pure and frank (truthful) about the child that one liked her straight off."
They slept on hard camp cots without pillows when they were healthy.
This tradition had been started in the rule of Catherine the Great when she first made her grandson Alexander do so.
They took cold baths in the morning, and had to clean their rooms and do needlework.
Most people living with them, including servants, usually called the Grand Duchess by her first name, Olega Nikolaevna, instead of her title or "Her Imperial Highness".
However, once on a visit to a museum where state carriages were displayed, Olga ordered one of the servants to prepare the largest and most beautiful carriage for her daily drive.
She was not obeyed.
She also felt oldest children should be respected.
When she was told the Biblical story of Joseph, she felt sorry for the older brothers instead of Joseph.
She also sympathized with Goliath rather than David in the story of David and Goliath.
Olga loved reading.
Unlike her sisters, she also liked school work.
Pierre Gilliard said that Olga had a very "quick brain", with "good reasoning powers" and "a very independent manner, and a gift for swift (quick) and entertaining (funny) repartee (replies)."
She enjoyed reading about politics in newspapers.
Olga also liked choosing books from what her mother read.
When she was found reading a book before her mother had read it, Olga joked that her mother must wait until Olga had made sure that it was a proper book for her to read.
Bokhanov, Alexander, Knodt, Dr. Manfred, Oustimenko, Vladimir, Peregudova, Zinaida, Tyutyunnik, Lyubov; trans.
Lyudmila Xenofontova.
The Romanovs: Love, Power, and Tragedy, Leppi Publications, 1993,
Buxhoeveden, Baroness Sophie.
The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna
Christopher, Peter, Kurth, Peter, and Radzinsky, Edvard.
King, Greg, and Wilson, Penny.
The Fate of the Romanovs, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2003,
Kurth, Peter.
Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson, Back Bay Books, 1983,
The Romanovs: The Final Chapter, Random House, 1995,
Massie, Robert K. Nicholas and Alexandra, Dell Publishing Co., 1967,
Maylunas, Andrei, and Mironenko, Sergei, eds.;
Galy, Darya, translator.
A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas and Alexandra: Their Own Story, Doubleday, 1997
The Last Days of the Romanovs.
St. Martin's Griffin, 2008.
Radzinsky, Edvard.
The Last Tsar, Doubleday, 1992,
The Rasputin File, Doubleday, 2000,
Sullivan, Michael John.
A Fatal Passion: The Story of the Uncrowned Last Empress of Russia, Random House, 1997,
Tschebotarioff, Gregory P. Russia: My Native Land: A U.S. engineer reminisces and looks at the present, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964, ASIN 64-21632
Vorres, Ian.
The Last Grand Duchess, 1965, ASIN B0007E0JK0
Wilton, Robert "The Last Days of the Romanovs" 1920
Zeepvat, Charlotte.
The Camera and the Tsars: A Romanov Family Album, Sutton Publishing 2004,
There are different uses of compression in physics and engineering.
By compression it is possible to measure mechanical properties of materials such as compressive strength or modulus of elasticity.
Scientists do this with press machines.
When gases are compressed, their volume becomes smaller as seen in the Ideal gas law.
This compression is used in gas engines, for example in the Diesel engine as in any internal combustion engine and in the steam engine.
Compression member
When the limit of compressive strength is reached, materials are crushed.
Concrete can be made to have high compressive strength e.g. many concrete floors have compressive strength of 3000 p.s.i..
The strength of materials is the ability of materials to resist force.
That ability is an important topic in mechanical engineering.
It describes the mechanical behaviors of materials in response to forces that act on objects (such as stress, deformation, strain and stress-strain relations).
Usually, the strength of a material is described with units of pressure, because then the value can be applied to many different shapes.
For example, a wire and a rod made out of the same steel may have the same tensile strength but the thicker rod will require more force to break.
Strength is considered in terms of compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength, but other properties are often considered, like impact strength and fracture toughness.
The strength of materials will also change depending on the environment, such as when it is hot or cold, or humid or dry.
Sometimes, the environment, or use over time will change the strength of materials over many hours, days, months, or even years.
For example, some metals and metal alloys can become stronger or weaker after being used for many years, especially at high temperatures, because their microstructure, or structure on a very small scale, will change.
In almost all materials, the microstructure is what is studied to understand and guess what the strength of a material will be, and it is also what scientists and engineers can modify to change a material (especially a metal).
For plastics, many conditions can affect them by causing chemical changes: for example, water will make many plastics softer and weaker, and UV radiation from the Sun can damage many plastics and make them brittle and weak, including Kevlar.
Failure theories
Gas compression, raising the pressure and reducing the volume of gases
Physical compression, the result of the subjection of a material to compressive stress
Compression arch suspended-deck bridge, a compression arch rises above the deck
Compression, the part of a longitudinal wave where particles are the closest together
Compressibility, a measure of volume change resulting from pressure
Compression (geology), a system of forces that tend to decrease the volume of or shorten rocks.
Compression ratio, a number that predicts the performance of any internal-combustion engine
Data compression, encoding information using fewer bits
Audio data compression
Video compression
Compression artifact, noticeable defects in audio or video that has been compressed
Bandwidth compression, in telecommunications
Gain compression in electronic amplifiers, which is a result of device non-linearity
Audio level compression, usually artificially introduced Gain compression to improve the perceived quality of audio
Compression (functional analysis), in mathematics
Compression bandage, designed to reduce the flow of blood
Compressor (a disambiguation page)
Funeral Blues is a simple poem about death, isolation (loneliness), emptiness and longing.
The death of a lover may or may not be a literal event (actually happened).
The poem is also about the end of a romantic relationship with somebody other than the person's spouse/partner.
In four stanzas it moves from the time before the funeral (Stop all the clocks, Silence the pianos...), during the funeral itself (Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come...), after the funeral (He was my North, my South...), and the loneliness and grief that comes with it.
20th-century British poems
1930s works
Wystan Hugh Auden (21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973) was a Anglo-American poet.
He was born in York and moved to Harborne, Birmingham in 1908, then to New York City in 1939.
He wrote several famous poems such as Funeral Blues, and As I Walked Out One Evening.
He signed his works W. H. Auden.
He died in Vienna, Austria and is buried in Kirchstetten.
Auden was an Anglican and was gay.
He married Erika Mann in 1935 to enable her to escape Nazi Germany.
His partner from 1946 until his death was Chester Kallman (1921–1975).
LGBT Christians
Parsley is a fresh flavored bright green herb.
It used on food as a garnish and as a seasoning in soups,sauces and salads.
Some people eat parsley to get their breath to smell better.
Parsley can be easily grown in gardens, as well as inside the home, wherever there is plenty of indirect sunlight.
Parsley needs good, light soil, good drainage and frequent watering to thrive indoors.
To harvest parsely, cut the most mature stalks near the base that are still bright green.
New shoots will grow for some time from the base of an established plant.
Parsley is extraordinarily rich in vitamins C and A,  minerals (especially potassium),beta-carotene, folate and dietary fiber.
The following chart provides information on the nutritional values and caloric composition of parsley:
Édith Piaf (aka. "
La Môme Piaf") (December 19, 1915 – October 11, 1963) was one of France's most-loved singers.
Her real name was Édith Giovanna Gassion.
She became a national icon.
Her music was an image of her tragic life.
Piaf was known for singing ballads in a heartbreaking voice.
As child at her grandmother's  in Normandy, she suffered from keratitis, but
1925 - 10  A pilgrimage to Lisieux in the Normandy honoring  Saint Thérèse of Lisieux / (Sainte Thérèse de l'Enfant-Jésus),  and the intense devoutness of the family resulted in a miraculous healing, Édith said.
1930 – 15  Her manager gave her the stage name "", "la Môme", Édith Piaf, or just Piaf.
She was only  tall and puny, but sharp and lively like a sparrow.
She always wore a black dress on the stage.
She sang first in Pigalle, then in Le Gerny,  the nightclub of  Louis Leplée near the Champs-Élysées.
1948 – 32  The love of Piaf's life, the boxer Marcel Cerdan, middleweight champion of the world, died in a plane crash in October 1949, in the Azores, while flying from Paris to New York City to meet her.
1952 – 36  Piaf married Jacques Pills in 1952 (her matron of honour was Marlene Dietrich).
She divorced him in 1956.
In 1962, she wed Théo Sarapo (Theophanis Lamboukas), a Greek hairdresser who was 20 years her junior.
She suffered from different illnesses  during her life, especially after several car crashes.
1963 – 47  Piaf died of liver cancer at Plascassier, near Grasse (Département Alpes-Maritimes), on 10 October 1963.
Among her most famous songs are "Mon légionnaire" (1936), "Le fanion de la Légion" (1936), "La vie en rose" (1946), "Hymne à l'amour" (1949), "Padam... Padam..." (1951), "l'Accordéoniste" (1955), "Les amants d'un jour" (1956),"La foule" (1957), "Milord" (1959) and "Non, je ne regrette rien" (1960).
Although she was denied a solemn funeral mass, her funeral procession from her residence, Boulevard Lannes (Paris, XVI arr.)
drew tens of thousands  of mourners onto the streets of Paris, that caused a huge traffic jam.
The ceremony at the cemetery‚ Le Père-Lachaise (Paris, XX arr.),
was attended by more than 100,000 fans.
Huey, Steve.
Edith Piaf: Biography.
A weed is a plant that people think is bad, because it is growing in the wrong place.
Only smaller plants are often called weeds.
A person may grow a plant because it has beautiful flowers, but other people may think that this plant is a weed for some reason.
This may be for one of these reasons:
It has pollen that makes them sneeze,
It spreads seeds that will grow quickly,
The roots go too far under the ground and can cause damage to houses or pipes,
The roots spread quickly,
The plant has poisonous berries,
The plant has liquid (sap) in it that can hurt a person's skin,
Some plants are very hard to stop once they start growing.
These are called invasive weeds.
Ternopil () is a city in western Ukraine.
It is also the administrative centre of the Ternopil region.
The city has about 245,000 inhabitants (2004) and lies on the Siret River.
The city was part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire from 1772 until 1918, and it belonged to Poland before 1772.
When the Austrain empire fell in 1918, Turnopil beccame part of the short-lived ZUNR (Western Ukrainian National Republic).
After heavy battles between Polish troops and Ukrainian Galician Army troops, the city was occupied by Poland in 1920.
However, it was only part of Poland for less than 20 years, and in September 1939, it was taken by Soviet troops and annexed to the USSR.
Ternopil became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, it became a part of Independent Ukraine.
Justin Lee Collins (born 28 July 1974) is an English television and radio presenter and former stand-up comedian from Bristol.
Collins co-hosted The Friday Night Project on Channel 4 with Alan Carr.
Comedians from Bristol
Alan Carr (born 14 June 1976) is an English television presenter and stand-up comedian.
Carr was born in Weymouth, Dorset, and grew up in Northampton.
He presented Channel 4's The Friday Night Project with Justin Lee Collins.
Carr is openly gay.
He hosts Alan Carr: Chatty Man.
British stand-up comedians
People from Dorset
Cremation is the act of burning a body after it has died.
Cremation is a popular option to dispose of (get rid of) a body instead of burying it.
The place where cremations take place is called a crematorium or crematory.
Religions which approve cremation include Christianity, Jehovah's Witnesses, Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, Shinto, and Neopaganism.
Judaism and Mormonism strongly discourage cremation.
Islam, Neo-Confucianism, and Zoroastrianism disapprove it.
Ways of keeping or disposing of the cremated remains
Cremated remains (also called ashes) are returned to the person's family.
The family then has a few options of what to do with the remains.
Usually the ashes are buried in an urn at a cemetery plot just as a coffin is buried in normal earth burial.
Many religions require the ashes to be handled in dignified manner.
In Scandinavia it is customary to bury the ashes ín an urn in a family grave (a grave which contains the remains of many family members).
Family graves are also popular in Japan and Thailand.
Sometimes the cremated person has thought about what they want to be done with their remains and have shared their desires with their family.
Cremated remains can be kept in a container called an urn, which in turn can be buried on cemetery plot or placed in a depot called columbarium, or thrown into the air or water of a place that was special to the cremated person, or buried anonymously in the ground.
These are the most popular choices of what to do with remains.
There are also other, less common, options of how to dispose of the remains.
Some examples of ways to scatter the remains are: through fireworks, shot from guns, or dropped from an airplane or hot air balloon.
Remains can even be sent into space or turned into a diamond.
The latter can be done because humans and diamonds are both made largely from carbon.
Queen Victoria, pioneer in cremation jewelry
Queen Victoria is the most well-known mourner because she went into a state of mourning for several decades.
To honour her late Prince Albert, Queen Victoria "took to wearing black jet jewelry, from Whitby, in Yorkshire".
As a limited and fairly difficult medium to work with, jet was expensive.
It's a hard material, requiring skilled craftsmanship to avoid breakage during carving.
Human death
Technical report #30  – Incineration of Human Bodies
Cremation Association of North America
International Scattering Society
Crematory in Europe
Crematorion Jewelry history
Spartacus (circa 120 BC – circa 70 BC, at the end of the Third Servile War), according to Roman historians, was a gladiator-slave who became the  leader of an unsuccessful slave uprising against the Roman Republic.
Roman people
120 BC births
70 BC deaths
For the Roman general, see Scipio Africanus
1763 births
1834 deaths
Africanus, George
Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856, – November 14, 1915) was an American political leader, teacher and author.
He was born into slavery, but was eventually freed.
He was one of the most important people in African American history in the United States from 1890 to 1915.
Washington helped start the Tuskegee Institute, which was a university for African-American  students, after attending the Hampton Institute.
Washington believed that in order to create a peaceful post-slavery society, black and white people needed to "cast down the bucket" and become friends with each other.
He saw violence and protests against discrimination of blacks as holding grudges between the races.
Washington also stated that freed blacks should not aim for Congress right away, they needed to start by being able to support themselves economically.
Visit to president
Washington was invited to dinner by President Theodore Roosevelt.
The President wanted to appoint Washington to advise him on issues of race.
This upset some American people.
African Americans had visited the White House before but had never been asked to dine there.
In reaction several newspapers published a racist poem called Niggers in the White House.
The poem was published again when the wife of Representative Oscar DePriest had tea with wife of President Hoover.
Washington, Booker T.
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (236–183 BC)  was a general in the Second Punic War and a politician of the Roman Republic.
He was best known for defeating Hannibal of Carthage.
Scipio won the battle of Zama in North Africa.
He got the last name Africanus and became known as one of the best commanders in military history.
The battle was a complete disaster for Carthage, who had to beg for peace, and were given humiliating terms by Rome.
236 BC births
183 BC deaths
Scipio Africanus Maior, Publius Cornelius
A blessing is way to wish good luck for a person.
Sometimes, in religious rituals, it is said the God blesses those who are good, or people can bless God.
In Judaism, they bless God over wine.
The priests can also bless religious objects in order to make them become holy.
The saying "bless you" is commonly used when someone sneezes.
This is done because there is a tradition carried by the superstition that a person's soul will come out of their mouth and nose if they sneeze.
People believed that saying "God bless you," or "bless you" for short, would make the soul go back inside.
They are wishing the person good luck so that their soul is able to come back.
People also think that if unusual good luck or a miracle comes to them, it is a blessing.
For example, if some people wanted a child badly but are having difficulty conceiving, it could be considered a blessing from God if they end up having a child.
To give your blessing to someone is to give permission to them.
For example, a man can ask his girlfriend's parents' for their blessing before he asks her to marry him.
Karel Svoboda (19 December 1938 – 28 January 2007) was a Czech composer of popular music.
He wrote music for many TV series in the 1970s.
Karel Svoboda was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Prague, Czech Republic) and began his career as a pop composer after stopping studying medicine in his third year of university.
He became a member of the rock band "Mefisto" in the 1950s.
Later, he composed music for the Laterna Magica theatre in Prague and for many Czech singers.
In 1969 he wrote Lady Carneval for Karel Gott, a major Czech pop star.
Svoboda wrote a total of 80 songs for him.
Svoboda composed TV scores for the German channel ZDF for over 30 years.
He wrote the scores to many TV series in the 1970s that a whole generation of Europeans grew up with.
Some examples of these TV series are Vicky the Viking, Maya the Bee and The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
Svoboda was found fatally shot in the garden of his villa at Jevany on January 28, 2007.
It is believed that he committed suicide.
Maya the Bee mp3 sample.
Vicky the Viking in mp3
Karel Svoboda website
Musicians from Prague
These are called the Servile Wars.
The Third Servile War was the only which was dangerous for Italia itself and was doubly alarming to the Roman people because the slaves won several battles against the Roman army between 73 and 71 BC.
The rebellion was defeated at last in 71 BC by Marcus Licinius Crassus.
The rebellion had indirect effects on Roman politics for many years.
In 71 BC, a band of slaves escaped.
At first a small group of about 78 gladiators escaped.
The band grew to over 120,000.
Men, women and children wandered throughout Italy, and raided with relative impunity.
Their leaders included the famous gladiator-general Spartacus.
The able-bodied adults of this band were a surprisingly effective armed force.
They showed they could withstand the Roman military, from the local Campanian patrols, to the Roman militia, and to trained Roman legions under consular command.
Plutarch described the actions of the slaves as an attempt by Roman slaves to escape their masters and flee through Cisalpine Gaul, while Appian and Florus depicted the revolt as a civil war in which the slaves waged a campaign to capture the city of Rome itself.
The Roman Senate's grew alarmed about the military successes of this band, and their damage to Roman towns and the countryside.
Eventually, after several defeats, the Senate put an army of eight legions under the harsh but effective leadership of Marcus Licinius Crassus.
The war ended in 71 BC when the armies of Spartacus, after long and bitter fighting, retreated before the legions of Crassus.
Realizing that the legions of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus were moving in to trap them, they launched their full strength against Crassus' legions and were utterly destroyed.
The Third Servile War was significant to the broader history of ancient Rome mostly in its effect on the careers of Pompey and Crassus.
The two generals used their success in putting down the rebellion to further their political careers, using their public acclaim and the implied threat of their legions to sway the consular elections of 70 BC in their favor.
Their actions as Consuls damaged Roman political institutions and led, after Caesar's death, to events which turned the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
Classical historical works
Appian's  The Civil Wars.
Frontinus's The Strategemata.
Plutarch's, Life of Crassus
Plutarch's, Life of Pompey
Modern works
William Smith's, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities at LacusCurtius.
A scanned page version is also available at The Ancient Library.
Wars and battles of Ancient Rome
Slave rebellions
A vibration in a string is a wave.
A vibrating string mostly produces a sound with constant frequency.
As frequency characterizes the pitch, the sound produced is a constant note.
Fretted instruments
Java simulation of waves on a string
Physics of a harpsichord string
A study of chaotic motion in strings
The angular momentum or rotational momentum (L) of an object rotating about an axis is the product of its moment of inertia and its angular velocity:
Spin angular momentum
Objects that are very spread out from the axis of rotation are very hard to start spinning, but once they get going, they are also hard to stop.
We say, that is, it has a large moment of inertia.
Similarly, it is easier to start an object spinning slowly (a small angular velocity) than it is to start it spinning fast (a large angular velocity).
This is why the spin angular momentum depends both on how spread out the object is (moment of inertia) and how fast it is spinning (angular velocity).
Orbital angular momentum
The other kind of angular momentum is orbital angular momentum.
This is the kind of angular momentum that planets orbiting around the Sun have, but that tops spinning about their axes do not.
We use orbital angular momentum when we talk about an object (like a planet) orbiting around some axis that is not moving (like the Sun).
That is, part of its motion is in a direction that is neither towards nor away from the axis; at least part of its motion is going around the axis.
The orbital angular momentum also measures how hard it would be to stop the object from continuing to orbit around the axis.
Conservation of angular momentum
An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear.
In some cases the axle may be fixed in position with a bearing or bushing sitting inside the hole in the wheel or gear to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle.
In other cases the wheel or gear may be fixed to the axle, with bearings or bushings provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported.
Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type is referred to as a spindle.
Vehicle axles
Axles are an important structural component of a wheeled vehicle.
The axles maintain the position of the wheels relative to each other and to the vehicle body.
Since for most vehicles the wheels are the only part touching the ground, the axles must bear the weight of the vehicle plus any cargo.
Gears are mechanical parts with cut teeth designed to fit with teeth on another part so as to transmit or receive force and motion.
Gears are also sometimes called toothed wheels or cogged wheels or cogs.
The cut teeth are also sometimes called cogs.
Numerous nonferrous alloys, cast irons, powder-metallurgy and even plastics are used in the manufacture of gears.
However steels are most commonly used because of their high strength to weight ratio and high cost.
Types Of Gears
Mathematical Tutorial for Gearing (Relating to Robotics)
Animation of an Involute Rack and Pinion
Gear Encyclopedia
Gear can also mean:
One of a series of pre-set rotation mechanisms for a manual transmission.
Gear (graphic novel), written by Doug Tennapel and later made into a TV show called Catscratch
Gear (comics), a DC comics superhero
Gear (Static Shock), a DCAU superhero
"Gear", a slang term for equipment or apparel, particularly used for motorcycle safety clothing and cargo
Gear (magazine), an international men's magazine
Gears, types of mecha in the Xenogears and Metal Gear video games, as well as the Heavy Gear universe
"Gear", a slang term for marijuana, used when making reference to the drug in a green or solid form
Gears are a type of biomechanical or mystical creature in the video games series Guilty Gear
Gears (Transformers), a character in Transformers
Gears of War, an Xbox 360 game
Geographic and Energy Aware Routing, a routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
A gearshift (US English), gearstick, or gear lever (both UK English) is a metal rod connected with the manual transmission of an automobile that is used to choose the gear.
In an automatic transmission, the same rod is usually called a gear selector.
ja:シフトレバーの配置#シフトレバー
In mechanics, a transmission or gearbox means gears working together.
The most common transmission is the transmission in a car.
In a car, the engine makes the crankshaft spin.
The crankshaft makes the transmission's gears spin, which spin some more parts, which make the wheels spin.
But the wheels do not spin as fast as the engine makes the crankshaft spin.
That is because the gears are made to slow down the spinning.
The gears also give the spinning more force (or to be more scientifically exact, more torque), so the wheels can make the entire car move.
most transmissions have a breather vent to let hot air escape.
Transmission gears
A transmission has some gears that change the torque more than other gears.
That is why a transmission has a first gear, second gear, third gear, and sometimes more gears.
There is also a reverse gear and neutral.
An automatic transmission shifts between gears by itself (except reverse gear, and a parking gear).
A manual transmission needs the driver to decide when to shift gears.
Manual transmission is also called standard transmission.
This is confusing because almost all cars in the U.S. have automatic transmission.
In other words, since the late 20th century "standard" transmission has been unusual.
A manual transmission usually has a clutch pedal, which the driver must press while shifting gears.
An automatic transmission has a fluid coupling called a torque converter instead of a clutch.
Some cars have a "clutchless" manual (semi-automatic) transmission, which has an automatic clutch (no clutch pedal), but does not shift gears by itself.
Layshaft
A layshaft is the middle shaft within a gearbox (transmission).
When the clutch is engaged, the layshaft turns constantly.
All gears on the layshaft turn at the same rate and are permanently attached.
It carries gears but does not transfer the primary drive of the gearbox in of the gearbox or out of the gearbox.
Layshafts are mostly known through their use in car gearboxes.
The oil level in a gearbox is set to layshaft height.
That way the spinning gears distribute oil to all the gears.
Not all transmissions are in cars.
For example, bicycles have transmissions.
You can see the gears, so it is easier to see how it works.
Hydraulics is a topic of science and engineering subject dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids.
Many machines work on hydraulic power.
International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR)
visualization of hydraulic concepts
Information about Fluid Power is also available on the National Fluid Power Association web-site nfpa.com
Decision tree to choose an uncertainty method for hydrological and hydraulic modelling
Area, List of U.S. states and territories by
Thomas James Vilsack (born December 13, 1950) is an American politician.
Vilsack is the 32nd and current United States Secretary of Agriculture since 2021 during the Joe Biden presidency.
He was also the 30th Secretary of Agriculture from 2009 to 2017 during the Barack Obama presidency.
He was the Governor of Iowa from 1999 to 2007.
Vilsack was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
At college, he met and married his wife, Christie.
They moved to Iowa after graduation.
Vilsack served in the Iowa State Senate before he ran for governor in 1998.
He won that election and the next one in 2002.
He chose not to run again in 2006.
In December 2006, Vilsack said he would run for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2008.
He dropped out of the race a few months later.
He endorsed New York Senator Hillary Clinton.
In December 2020, then-President-elect Joe Biden nominated Vilsack to serve as Agriculture Secretary for a second time.
On February 23, 2021 the United States Senate confirmed Vilsack's nomination a second time with a 92-7 vote.
Tom Vilsack for President
Vilsack to make White House run from the Des Moines Register, includes links to biography and related coverage
MySpace page
Project Vote Smart profile
The New York Times - Tom Vilsack News news stories and commentary
Governors of Iowa
United States Secretaries of Agriculture
The actinide series is the 15 chemical elements between actinium and lawrencium on the periodic table.
They have the atomic numbers between 89 and 103.
The actinide series is named after actinium.
All of the elements are radioactive.
Uranium is the most common natural actinide, and thorium second.
The term ‘actinide series’ has been derived from the first element of the series, actinium.
The symbol An is used while referring to any of the actinide series elements.
All actinide series elements are radioactive in nature, they release a large amount of energy on radioactive decay.
Uranium and thorium are the most abundant naturally occurring actinides on earth, whereas plutonium is synthetically obtained.
The actinide elements
Opera Software is a company in Oslo, Norway that makes Opera, a set of tools for using the Internet.
The Latin Grammy Awards are awards given yearly by the Latin Recording Academy (an association of professionals who work in the Latin music industry) for outstanding work in the Latin music field.
The award process is very similar to its American counterpart, the Grammy Awards.