the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
1954 – Anthony Minghella, English movie director (d. 2008)
1954 – Trudie Styler, English actress
1955 – Rowan Atkinson, English comedian and actor
1956 – Angus Deayton, English comedian, actor and television presenter
1956 – Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury
1956 – Clive Woodward, English rugby player and coach
1957 – Michael Foale, British-American astronaut
1959 – Kathy Sledge, American actress
1960 – Nigella Lawson, English chef and writer
1960 – Paul Azinger, American golfer
1960 – Kari Jalonen, Finnish ice hockey player
1961 – Fergal Keane, Irish-British journalist and BBC News correspondent
1964 – Henry Maske, German boxer
1964 – Mark O'Toole, English musician
1964 – Anthony Scaramucci, American financier, entrepreneur and political figure
1964 – Yuri, Mexican singer
1965 – Christine Wachtel, German middle-distance runner
1966 – Attilio Lombardo, Italian footballer
1968 – John Singleton, American director (d. 2018)
1969 – Norman Reedus, American actor
1971 – Karin Slaughter, American crime fiction writer
1972 – Nek, Italian singer
1973 – Scott Ferguson, Canadian ice hockey player
1974 – Daniel Cordone, Argentine footballer
1976 – Richard Zednik, Slovakian ice hockey player
1976 – Judith Rakers, German newsreader
1976 – David Di Michele, Italian footballer
1978 – Bubba Franks, American football player
1980 – Travis Dodd, Australian footballer
1980 – Steed Malbranque, French footballer
1981 – Rinko Kikuchi, Japanese actress
1981 – Asante Samuel, American football player
1982 – Eddie Redmayne, English actor
1983 – Adam Burish, American ice hockey player
1985 – Ben Haenow, English singer
1985 – Callum McCaig, Scottish politician
1985 – Inge Vermeulen, Brazilian-Dutch field hockey player (d. 2015)
1986 – Alex Turner, English musician (Arctic Monkeys)
1986 – Paul McShane, Irish footballer
1986 – Petter Northug, Norwegian skier
1986 – Irina Shayk, Russian model
1987 – Gemma Gibbons, English judoka
1987 – Zhang Lin, Chinese swimmer
1987 – Bongani Khumalo, South African footballer
1989 – Andy Carroll, English footballer
1989 – James Durbin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1990 – Sandro Cortese, German motorcycle racer
1996 – Courtney Eaton, Australian actress and model
2003 – Matty BRaps, American rapper
429 – Honoratus, French archbishop (b. 350)
768 – Abo of Tiflis, Christian saint
1088 – Berengar of Tours, French theologian (b. 999)
1537 – Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (b. 1510)
1537 – Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (b. 1481)
1646 – Elias Holl, German architect (b. 1573)
1689 – Seth Ward, English mathematician and astronomer (b. 1617)
1693 – Mehmed IV, ex-Ottoman Sultan (b. 1642)
1829 – Josef Dobrovsky, Czech philologist and theologian (b. 1753)
1831 – Rodolphe Kreutzer, French violinist, composer and conductor (b. 1766)
1840 – Fanny Burney, English author (b. 1752)
1852 – Louis Braille, French teacher of the blind, inventor of Braille (b. 1809)
1855 – Giacomo Beltrami, Italian explorer (b. 1779)
1882 – Richard Henry Dana, Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1815)
1884 – Gregor Johann Mendel, Austrian geneticist (b. 1822)
1896 – Thomas W. Knox, American writer and journalist (b. 1835)
1918 – Georg Cantor, German mathematician (b. 1845)
1919 – Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States (b. 1858)
1934 – Herbert Chapman, English football manager (b. 1878)
1939 – Gustavs Zemgals, 2nd President of Latvia (b. 1871)
1942 – Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian head of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1876)
1944 – Ida Tarbell, American journalist (b. 1857)
1944 – Jacques Rosenbaum, Estonian-German architect (b. 1878)
1945 – Edith Frank, mother of Anne Frank (b. 1900)
1949 – Ivar Lykke, Prime Minister of Norway (b. 1872)
1972 – Chen Yi, Chinese military commander (b. 1901)
1980 – Georgeanna Tillman, American singer (b. 1944)
1981 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (b. 1896)
1990 – Pavel Cherenkov, Soviet-Russian physicist (b. 1904)
1990 – Ian Charleson, Scottish actor (b. 1949)
1993 – Dizzy Gillespie, American musician (b. 1917)
1993 – Rudolf Nureyev, Russian dancer (b. 1938)
1994 – Virginia Dell Cassidy, mother of Bill Clinton (b. 1923)
1997 – Catherine Scorsese, Italian-American actress (b. 1912)
1999 – Michel Petrucciani, French jazz pianist (b. 1962)
2000 – Don Martin, American cartoonist (b. 1931)
2002 – Sanya Dharmasakti, Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1905)
2004 – Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (b. 1954)
2005 – Makgatho Mandela, South African lawyer, businessman and son of Nelson Mandela (b. 1950)
2005 – Louis Robichaud, 25th Premier of New Brunswick (b. 1925)
2006 – Lou Rawls, American singer-songwriter, producer and actor (b. 1933)
2009 – Ron Asheton, American musician (The Stooges) (b. 1948)
2011 – Gary Mason, British boxer (b. 1962)
2012 – Roger Boisjoly, American aeronautical engineer (b. 1938)
2012 – Bob Holness, South African-born British quiz show host (b. 1928)
2013 – Neil Adcock, South African cricketer (b. 1931)
2014 – Larry D. Mann, Canadian-American actor (b. 1922)
2014 – Lena Smedsaas, Swedish journalist (b. 1951)
2014 – Don Ward, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1935)
2015 – Vlastimil Bubnik, Czech ice hockey player and footballer (b. 1931)
2015 – Johannes de Villiers Graaff, South African economist (b. 1928)
2015 – Basil John Mason, British meteorologist (b. 1923)
2015 – Joseph Djida, Cameroonian bishop (b. 1945)
2015 – Ron Hovey, Australian football player (b. 1932)
2015 – George H. McKee, American air force lieutenant general (b. 1923)
2015 – Tim Roberts, American professional wrestler (b. 1976)
2016 – Christy O'Connor Jnr, Irish golfer (b. 1948)
2016 – Silvana Pampanini, Italian actress (b. 1925)
2016 – Nivaria Tejera, Cuban poet and novelist (b. 1929)
2016 – Florence King, American writer (b. 1936)
2016 – Pat Harrington, Jr., American actor (b. 1929)
2016 – Alfredo "Chocolate" Armenteros, Cuban trumpeter (b. 1928)
2016 – Ioannis Petridis, Greek politician (b. 1931)
2016 – Yves Vincent, French actor (b. 1921)
2017 – Om Puri, Indian actor (b. 1950)
2017 – Octavio Lepage, Venezuelan politician (b. 1923)
2017 – Ricardo Piglia, Argentine author (b. 1941)
2017 – Bayezid Osman, Turkish royalty (b. 1924)
2017 – Gavin Whittaker, Australian rugby league player (b. 1970)
2017 – Francine York, American actress (b. 1936)
2017 – Greg Jelks, American-Australian baseball player (b. 1961)
2017 – Yaron Ben-Dov, Israeli footballer (b. 1970)
2017 – Les Lazarowitz, American sound mixer (b. 1941)
2017 – Tilikum, American-held orca (b. 1981)
2018 – Horace Ashenfelter, American athlete (b. 1923)
2018 – Rita Crocker Clements, American political organizer, First Lady of Texas (b. 1931)
2018 – Thomas Bopp, American astronomer (b. 1949)
2018 – Marjorie Holt, American politician (b. 1920)
2018 – Peter Preston, British journalist, former editor of The Guardian (b. 1938)
2018 – Greta Thyssen, Danish-American actress (b. 1927)
2018 – Chris Tsangarides, British music producer (b. 1956)
Epiphany, feast day of the Three Kings (except Eastern and Oriental Orthodox who follow the Julian Calendar) – Twelfth Day of Christmas
Public holiday in Spain, Italy and Puerto Rico to mark Epiphany
Ireland – Little Christmas
Rastafari – Celebration of the ceremonial birthday of Haile Selassie
Armenian Christmas (except in the Holy Land where it is on 18 January – old calendar)
End of Four Hills Ski jumping tournament (Germany, Austria)
For Orthodox Christians, this is when Christmas is celebrated.
1325 – Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal.
1350 - Guttorm Palsson, Bishop of Stavanger in Norway, dies, as the last known death from Europe's 1347-1350 plague epidemic.
1558 – France takes Calais, the last continental possession of England.
1566 – Pius V becomes Pope.
1598 – Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia.
1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex leads revolt in London against Queen Elizabeth I of England.
1608 - Fire destroys Jamestown, Virginia.
1610 – Galileo Galilei observes the four largest moons of Jupiter for the first time.
He named them and in turn the four are called the Galilean moons.
1782 – The first American commercial bank opens (Bank of North America).
1785 – Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England to Calais, France in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air.
1789 - George Washington is elected the first President of the United States, taking office on April 30.
1797 – The parliament of the Repubblica Cisalpina adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as the official flag.
It is the birthday of the flag of Italy.
1835 – HMS Beagle anchors off the Chonos Archipelago.
1894 – W.K. Dickson receives a patent for movie film.
1896 – Fannie Farmer publishes her first cookbook.
1901 – Alferd Packer is released from prison after serving 18 years for cannibalism.
1904 – The distress signal "CQD" is established only to be replaced two years later by "SOS."
1911 – Mary Pickford marries Owen Moore.
1919 - Montenegrin guerrilla fighters rebel against the planned annexation (take-over) of Montenegro by Serbia, but fail.
1922 – Dáil Éireann ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64-57 votes.
1924 – George Gershwin completes "Rhapsody in Blue".
1926 – George Burns marries Gracie Allen.
1927 – First international telephone call – New York City to London.
1927 – The Harlem Globetrotters play their first basketball game.
1931 - Guy Menzies becomes the first person to, on his own, fly non-stop from Australia to New Zealand in 11 hours and 45 minutes, crash-landing on New Zealand's west coast after crossing the Tasman Sea.
1935 – World War II: Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval sign the Italo-French agreements.
1940 - Winter War: The Finnish 9th Division stops and completely destroys the overwhelming Soviet forces  on the Raate-Suomussalmi road.
1942 – World War II: Siege of the Bataan Peninsula begins.
1945 – British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference in which he claims credit for victory in the Battle of the Bulge.
1950 – A fire at Mercy Hospital in Davenport, Iowa kills 41 people.
1953 – President Harry Truman announces that the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb.
1954 – The first public demonstration of a machine translation system was held in New York at the head office of IBM.
1955 - Contralto Marian Anderson becomes the first African American person to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.
1958 - Walter Hallstein becomes the first President of the European Commission.
1959 – The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
1960 - The UGM-27 Polaris missile is test-launched.
1968 - The Surveyor 7 spacecraft is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
1972 - While landing on Ibiza, a Sud Caravelle airplane of the Iberia airline crashes, killing 104 people.
1973 - Mark Essex shoots 10 people dead and injures 13 at a Howard Johnson's hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana, before being shot dead by police.
1975 – OPEC agrees to raise crude oil prices by 10%.
1979 – Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia are overthrown by Vietnamese troops.
1980 – US President Jimmy Carter authorizes legislation giving $1.5 billion in loans to bail out Chrysler Corporation.
1984 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
1989 – Long-serving Japanese Emperor Hirohito dies aged 87; His son Akihito becomes Emperor of Japan.
1990 – The Leaning Tower of Pisa is closed to the public due to safety concerns.
1991 – Roger Lafontant attempts a coup in Haiti.
1993 - The Fourth Republic of Ghana is inaugurated, with Jerry Rawlings as President.
1993 - The Bosnian Army executes a surprise attack on the village of Kravica in Srebrenica.
1996 – One of the worst blizzards in American history hits eastern states killing more than 100.
1997 – A team of programmers at the University of Regensburg, Germany releases Tibia, one of the earliest graphical MMORPGs.
1999 – The impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton begins.
1999 - A series of landslides in Indonesia kills over 100 people.
2006 - In the UK, Charles Kennedy resigns as leader of the Liberal Democrats, having come under pressure after admitting that he had a drink problem.
2010 - Muslim gunmen in Egypt open fire on a crowd of Coptic Christians, killing 8 of them and one Muslim bystander.
2012 - A hot-air balloon crashes near Carterton, New Zealand, killing all 11 people on board.
2015 - A bomb attack in Sana'a, Yemen, kills at least 30 people.
2015 - Charlie Hebdo shooting: Islamic extremist gunmen storm the offices of French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris, killing 12 people, including 2 police officers and several prominent French journalists and cartoonists.
11 people are seriously injured.
889 - Li Bian, Emperor of Southern Tang, China (d. 943)
1355 – Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (d. 1397)
1434 - Adolf, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1441)
1502 – Pope Gregory XIII (d. 1585)
1528 – Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre (d. 1572)
1624 - Guarino Guarini, Italian architect (d. 1683)
1634 - Adam Krieger, German composer (d. 1666)
1685 – Jonas Alströmer, Swedish agriculture and industry pioneer (d. 1761)
1713 - Giovanni Battista Locatelli, Italian opera director and impresario (d. 1785)
1718 - Israel Putnam, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1790)
1768 – Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples (d. 1844)
1796 – Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (d. 1817)
1797 – Mariano Paredes, Mexican military and politician (d. 1849)
1800 – Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (d. 1874)
1800 - Moritz Daniel Oppenheim, German painter (d. 1882)
1827 – Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer (d. 1915)
1830 – Albert Bierstadt, German-American painter (d. 1902)
1831 - Heinrich von Stephan, German postman, founded the Universal Postal Union (d. 1897)
1832 - James Munro, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (d. 1908)
1833 - Josep Manyanet i Vives, Catalan priest (d. 1901)
1834 – Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist and inventor (d. 1874)
1837 - Thomas Henry Ismay, English businessman (d. 1899)
1844 – Bernadette Soubirous, French saint (d. 1879)
1845 – Ludwig III of Bavaria (d. 1921)
1858 - Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Russian-Israeli journalist and promoter of Hebrew (d. 1922)
1860 - Emanuil Manolov, Bulgarian composer (d. 1902)
1864 - Seo Jae-pil, Korean-American journalist and activist (d. 1951)
1871 - Emile Borel, French mathematician and politician (d. 1956)
1873 – Adolph Zukor, Hungarian producer (d. 1976)
1875 - Thomas Hicks, American runner (d. 1963)
1875 - Gustav Flatow, German gymnast (d. 1945)
1877 - William Clarence Matthews, American athlete and lawyer (d. 1928)
1880 - Santiago Copello, Archbishop of Buenos Aires (d. 1967)
1883 - Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, British admiral (d. 1963)
1885 - Edwin Swatek, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1966)
1887 - Oskar Luts, Estonian author and playwright (d. 1953)
1888 – Vera de Bosset, Russian artist (d. 1915)
1891 - Zora Neale Hurston, American writer (d. 1960)
1895 - Clara Haskill, Romanian pianist (d. 1960)
1895 - Hudson Fysh, Australian pilot and businessman, co-founder of Qantas (d. 1974)
1896 - Arnold Ridley, British playwright and actor (d. 1984)
1899 - Francis Poulenc, French pianist and composer (d. 1963)
1903 - Alan Napier, British actor (d. 1988)
1903 - Carlos Di Sarli, Argentine tango musician (d. 1960)
1907 – Nicanor Zabaleta, Spanish harpist (d. 1993)
1908 - Red Allen, American trumpeter (d. 1967)
1910 - Frank Lubin, American-Lithuanian basketball player (d. 1999)
1910 – Orval Faubus, American politician, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1994)
1911 - Butterfly McQueen, American actress (d. 1995)
1912 - Charles Addams, American cartoonist (d. 1988)
1915 - Chano Poco, Cuban singer, dancer and jazz musician (d. 1948)
1916 - Paul Keres, Estonian chess player (d. 1975)
1916 – Elena Ceausescu, First Lady of Romania (d. 1989)
1918 - Alessandro Natta, Italian politician (d. 2001)
1920 - Vincent Gardenia, American actor (d. 1992)
1922 – Francisco Aramburu, Brazilian footballer (d. 1997)
1922 - Jean-Pierre Rampal, French flautist (d. 2000)
1922 - Eric Jupp, British-born Australian composer, arranger and conductor (d. 2003)
1922 - Alvin Dark, American baseball player (d. 2014)
1924 - Ralph Miliband, Belgian-born sociologist, father of David and Ed Miliband (d. 1994)
1924 - Edwin Reinecke, American politician (d. 2016)
1925 – Gerald Durrell, British naturalist and writer (d. 1995)
1925 - Robert Cormier, American writer (d. 2000)
1926 - Kim Jong-pil, 11th Prime Minister of South Korea
1928 - William Peter Blatty, American writer, screenwriter and director (d. 2017)
1929 - Terry Moore, American actress
1930 - Eddie LeBaron, American football player (d. 2015)
1931 - Mirja Hietamies, Finnish skier (d. 2013)
1932 - Tormod Knutsen, Norwegian Nordic combined athlete
1934 – Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (d. 2008)
1934 - Charles Jenkins Sr.,
American sprinter
1935 - Valeri Kubasov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2014)
1936 - Hunter Davies, Scottish author and journalist
1937 - Ali Soilih, President of the Comoros (d. 1978)
1937 - Carlos Westendorp, Spanish diplomat
1938 - Patrick John, 2nd Prime Minister of Dominica
1938 - Paul Revere, American musician (Paul Revere and the Raiders) (d. 2014)
1939 – Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark
1939 - Tom Kiernan, Irish rugby player and coach
1941 – John E. Walker, British chemist
1941 - Frederick D. Gregory, American astronaut
1942 – Vasily Alekseyev, Russian weightlifter (d. 2011)
1943 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese victim of the Hiroshima atomic bomb (d. 1955)
1943 - Richard Armstrong, English conductor
1944 – Mario Bertini, Italian footballer
1945 – Raila Odinga, Kenyan politician, former Prime minister of Kenya
1945 - Jay Lynch, American cartoonist (d. 2017)
1946 – Vann Nath, Cambodian painter (d. 2011)
1946 - Jann Wenner, American publisher
1947 - Mohammad-Reza Lotfi, Iranian classical musician (d. 2014)
1948 – Ichiro Mizuki, Japanese singer
1948 – Kenny Loggins, American singer
1950 - Erin Gray, American actress
1950 - Juan Gabriel, Mexican singer and composer (d. 2016)
1951 - Talgat Musabayev, Kazakhstani cosmonaut
1951 - Helen Worth, English actress
1953 - Jenis av Rana, Faroese physician and politician
1953 - Dieter Hoeness, German footballer
1956 – Uwe Ochsenknecht, German actor and singer
1956 – David Caruso, American actor
1957 – Katie Couric, American newscaster
1958 – Linda Kozlowski, American actress
1959 - Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon, English politician
1960 - Loretta Sanchez, American politician
1962 – Abigail Johnson, American businesswoman
1963 - Rand Paul, American politician
1964 - Christian Louboutin, French fashion designer
1964 – Nicolas Cage, American actor
1965 - Alessandro Lambruschini, Italian hurdler
1965 - John Ondrasik, American singer-songwriter
1965 - José Manuel Imbamba, Angolan archbishop
1966 - Corrie Sanders, South African boxer (d. 2012)
1966 – Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy, American publicist (d. 1999)
1967 – Nick Clegg, British politician, former Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1967 - Guy Hebert, American ice hockey player
1967 - Mark Lamarr, English comedian and radio host
1969 - David Yost, American actor
1970 – Andy Burnham, British politician, Mayor of Greater Manchester
1970 – Doug E. Doug, American actor
1970 – Joao Ricardo, Angolan footballer
1971 – DJ Otzi, Austrian DJ, musician and rapper
1971 – Jeremy Renner, American actor and singer
1971 - David Longoria, American trumpeter, composer, producer and songwriter
1972 – Donald Brashear, American-Canadian ice hockey player
1976 – Marcelo Bordon, Brazilian footballer
1977 – Dustin Diamond, American actor
1977 - Sofi Oksanen, Finnish author
1978 – Emilio Palma, first person to be born on the continent of Antarctica
1978 – Jean Charles de Menezes, Brazilian electrician, shot dead by police in London (d. 2005)
1979 - Christian Lindner, German politician
1982 - Lauren Cohan, American actress
1982 - Camilo Villegas, Colombian golfer
1983 – Natalie Gulbis, American golfer
1985 – Lewis Hamilton, English racecar driver, two-time Formula One world champion
1985 - Wayne Routledge, English footballer
1986 – Grant Leadbitter, English footballer
1987 - Davide Astori, Italian footballer (d. 2018)
1987 - Lyndsy Fonseca, American actress
1988 - Haley Bennett, American singer and actress
1988 - Hardwell, Dutch DJ and producer
1989 - Emiliano Insua, Argentine footballer
1990 – Liam Aiken, American actor
1990 – Elene Gedevanishvili, Georgian figure skater
1990 – Camryn Grimes, American actress
1990 – Gregor Schlierenzauer, Austrian ski jumper
1991 – Caster Semenya, South African athlete
1991 - Eden Hazard, Belgian footballer
1991 - Max Morrow, Canadian actor
1991 - Roberto Pereyra, Argentine footballer
1992 - Erik Gudbranson, Canadian ice hockey player
1997 - Ayumi Ishida, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
312 – Lucianus of Antioch, theologist/saint
672 - Emperor Tenji of Japan (b. 626)
1131 - Canute Lavard, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and saint (b. 1096)
1285 - King Charles I of Naples (b. 1226)
1325 – King Dinis of Portugal (b. 1261)
1355 - Ines de Castro, Castilian royal (b. 1320)
1451 - Antipope Felix V (b. 1383)
1536 – Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England (b. 1485)
1609 - Nicholas Hilliard, English painter (b. 1547)
1625 - Ruggiero Giovanelli, Italian composer (b. 1560)
1655 - Pope Innocent X (b. 1574)
1658 - Theophilus Eaton, American farmer and politician (b. 1590)
1730 - Arni Magnusson, Icelandic scholar (b. 1663)
1758 - Allan Ramsay, Scottish poet (b. 1686)
1770 - Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (b. 1695)
1830 – Thomas Lawrence, English painter (b. 1769)
1830 - Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen of Portugal (b. 1775)
1864 – Caleb Blood Smith, U.S. Secretary of the Interior (b. 1808)
1872 – James Fisk, American entrepreneur (b. 1834)
1882 - Ignacy Lukasiewicz, Polish inventor and chemist (b. 1822)
1892 - Tewfik Pasha, Khedive (ruler) of Egypt (b. 1852)
1893 – Jožef Stefan, Slovene physicist, mathematician and poet (b. 1835)
1913 - Jack Boyle, American baseball player (b. 1866)
1920 – Edmund Barton, 1st Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1849)
1927 - Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos, Greek politician (b. 1851)
1932 - André Maginot, French civil servant, soldier and politician (b. 1877)
1943 – Nikola Tesla, Serbian-born inventor and electrical engineer (b. 1856).
1944 - Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States (b. 1874)
1945 - Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (b. 1870)
1951 – René Guénon, French-Egyptian writer (b. 1886)
1963 - Arthur Moore, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland (b. 1876)
1964 – Cyril Davies, blues musician (b. 1932)
1972 – John Berryman, American poet (b. 1914)
1973 - Mark Essex, American spree killer (b. 1949)
1975 – Sinéad de Valera, wife of Irish statesman Éamon de Valera (b. 1878)
1980 - Larry Williams, American singer-songwriter, pianist and producer (b. 1935)
1984 - Alfred Kastler, French physicist (b. 1902)
1986 - P. D. Eastman, American writer and illustrator (b. 1909)
1988 – Trevor Howard, English actor (b. 1913)
1989 – Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (b. 1901)
1989 - Frank Adams, English mathematician (b. 1930)
1990 – Bronko Nagurski, American football player (b. 1908)
1992 - Richard Hunt, American puppeteer (b. 1951)
1995 – Murray Rothbard, American economist (b. 1926)
1998 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist (b.1906)
2002 – Avery Schreiber, American actor (b. 1935)
2004 - Ingrid Thulin, Swedish actress (b. 1926)
2005 – Pierre Daninos, French novelist (b. 1913)
2005 – Rosemary Kennedy, third child and first daughter of Joseph and Rose Kennedy (b. 1918)
2005 – Eileen Desmond, Irish politician, former Minister for Health & Social Welfare (b. 1932)
2007 - Magnus Magnusson, Icelandic television presenter (b. 1929)
2008 - Alwyn Schlebusch, South African politician (b. 1917)
2013 - Carl Berner, German-American supercentenarian (b. 1902)
2013 - Huell Howser, American television host (b. 1945)
2013 - David R. Ellis, American director, actor and stuntman (b. 1952)
2014 - Run Run Shaw, Hong Kong movie producer and entrepreneur (b. 1907)
2015 - People killed in the Charlie Hebdo shooting:
Cabu, French cartoonist (b. 1938)
Elsa Cayat, French psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and columnist (b. 1960)
Charb, French cartoonist and journalist, Editor-in-Chief of Charlie Hebdo (b. 1967)
Philippe Honoré, French cartoonist (b. 1941)
Bernard Maris, French economist and journalist (b. 1946)
Tignous, French cartoonist (b. 1957)
Georges Wolinski, French cartoonist (b. 1934)
2015 - Tadeusz Konwicki, Polish writer and filmmaker (b. 1926)
2015 - Rod Taylor, Australian actor (b. 1930)
2015 - Mompati Merafhe, former Vice President of Botswana (b. 1947)
2015 - B. S. Abdur Rahman, Indian business executive (b. 1947)
2015 - Arch A. Moore, Jr., American politician, 28th and 30th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1923)
2015 - Jethro Pugh, American football player (b. 1944)
2015 - J. P. Parisé, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1941)
2015 - David Rolfe, Australian swimmer (b. 1964)
2015 - José Arias, Spanish skier (b. 1922)
2016 - Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, Indian politician (b. 1936)
2016 - Sergey Shustikov, Russian footballer (b. 1970)
2016 - Robert M. Cundick, American organist and composer (b. 1926)
2016 - Judith Kaye, American lawyer (b. 1938)
2016 - Kitty Kallen, American singer (b. 1921)
2016 - Klaas Bakker, Dutch footballer (b. 1926)
2016 - Sol Polansky, American diplomat (b. 1926)
2016 - Richard Libertini, American actor (b. 1933)
2016 - Anton Srholec, Slovakian writer and priest (b. 1929)
2016 - Ashraf Pahlavi, Iranian princess (b. 1919)
2016 - Valerio Zanone, Italian politician (b. 1936)
2017 - Mario Soares, President of Portugal (b. 1924)
2017 - Nat Hentoff, American political philosopher, columnist and music critic (b. 1925)
2017 - Jerzy Kossela, Polish guitarist and singer (b. 1942)
2017 - Lech Trzeciakowski, Polish historian (b. 1931)
2017 - Lelio Lagorio, Italian politician (b. 1925)
2017 - Lucina da Costa Gomez-Matheeuws, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (b. 1929)
2017 - Ramanuja Devnathan, Indian Sanskrit scholar (b. 1959)
2017 - John Deely, American philosopher (b. 1942)
2018 - Jim Anderton, New Zealand politician (b. 1938)
2018 - France Gall, French singer (b. 1947)
2018 - Anna Mae Hays, American military officer and nurse (b. 1920)
2018 - Markku Into, Finnish poet (b. 1945)
2018 - Peter Sutherland, Irish businessman (b. 1946)
2020 - Neil Peart, Canadian drummer (Rush) (b. 1952)
2021 - Tommy Lasorda, American baseball player/manager for the L.A. Dodgers (b. 1927)
Christmas in Eastern Orthodox Churches that still use the Julian calendar
Tricolour Day (Italy)
Victory from Genocide Day (Cambodia)
01-07
Eyeglasses (U.S), or spectacles (Brit.),
are pieces of glass or clear plastic, called lenses, in a frame that holds them in front of someone's eyes.
Corrective lenses let some people see or read better if they have problems seeing.
If the someone is long-sighted (the light is focusses past the retina), they use a different type of glasses than someone who is short-sighted.
Lenses can also correct Astigmatism.
Contact lenses also help people see better.
Glasses can also protect the eyes.
Goggles and safety glasses are strong and protect the eyes from flying objects.
Sunglasses keep too much sunlight from getting in people's eyes.
Some eyeglasses block blue light from a computer, game, smart phone and TV.
Eyeglasses have many models.
They be worn for fashion.
Myopia (nearsightedness)
Goa (गोवा) is a state in the Republic of India.
It is India's smallest state.
It has the second smallest number of people.
The total area is 1,430 mi² (3,702 km²), it is bigger than Samoa but smaller than the Georgian territory of South Ossetia.
In traditional Indian geography it falls under the South Indian zone.
It is on the west coast of India, in the region known as the Konkan.
The state of Maharashtra is its neighbour to the north, and Karnataka to the east and south.
The Arabian Sea makes up the state's west coast.
Panjim is the state's capital, and Margao its largest town.
Portuguese merchants first landed in Goa in the 16th century but soon after, colonised it.
It was a part of the Portuguese empire for about 450 years.
In 1961 India took control of Goa by sending its army and defeating Portuguese army.
The 1961 Indian annexation of Goa, was an action by India’s armed forces that ended Portuguese rule in its Indian enclaves in 1961.
The armed action, code named Operation Vijay by the Indian government, involved air, sea and land strikes for over 36 hours, and was a decisive victory for India, ending 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa.
One of the problems vexing the Indian prime minister Jawarhalal Nehru in the 1950s was what to do about Goa.
The situation began to come to a head in 1955 when a group of Goanese and Indian protesters staged a ‘liberation march’ in Goa and more than 20 of them were shot and killed.
He announced that Portuguese control of Goa could be tolerated no longer and instituted a blockade, which the Portuguese regime evaded by building an airport into which to fly supplies and by opening up trade with Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Portuguese dictator, Antonio Salazar tried to drum up international support from world leaders.
President Kennedy wrote to Nehru advising him not to use force and the Portuguese ambassador in London reminded the British government that under the terms of the Anglo-Portuguese alliance of 1899 it was obliged to come to Portugal’s assistance if any Portuguese colony was attacked.
There were more incidents and in November 1961 the Portuguese in Goa opened fire on Indian fishing boats.
Nehru lost patience and mounted a military, naval and air attack on Goa using overwhelming force on December 17th.
The Portuguese governor, who had at the most 3,000 men to oppose an Indian army of 30,000, blew up a few bridges to delay the invaders but his situation was plainly hopeless and he hoisted the white flag and surrendered.
There had been almost no resistance and few casualties.
Bounded on one side by the foothills of the Sahyadri range and on the other by the Arabian Sea Goa is a green natural paradise and best tourist spots in India.
It is very truly said that living in Goa is a 365-day vacation.
Goa is one of the best beach destinations in India due to the picturesque sunsets, beaches, historic forts, and laid-back life.
Goa serves travelers of varied tastes, whether it's witnessing the majestic 600m high Dudhsagar Falls or trying your luck at Casino Royale.
From the famous Fort Aguada to the blue waters.
It is from the beaches of Dona Paula and Sinquerim, there is no shortage of points of interest in Goa.
Provincial symbols of Goa
A second language is a language that a person learns in addition to their first language.
A second language may be learned in a formal or informal way, such as at school or in a family.
A person may speak two or more second languages.
Adults do not learn languages the same way that children do.
Learning a second language is difficult for adults, who rarely speak it as well as their native language because it is much easier for children to learn a second language.
Ido is a constructed language, a so-called reformed Esperanto, which was developed in 1907.
Ido was made by a group of people that thought Esperanto was too hard to be a world language.
They did not like how Esperanto used letters with special diacritic marks over them, because that made it hard to type, and they thought that a world language should be easy to learn and write.
Ido is not as popular as Esperanto, but still about 100-200 people in the world speak it.
They have a conference every year where people come together and speak the language.
Special points about Ido
Spelling is simple and regular.
In English, the words doughnut, tough, and through all have the letters ough, but the speaker says them differently.
In Ido, the word skolo is sko-lo, the word multa is mool-ta, and so on.
Verbs (action words) all act the same - In English the speaker says "I learn, you learn, we learn, she learns".
In Ido the verb is always the same - "".
Ido looks like a lot of other languages.
If learners already know English, French or some other European language, they can probably understand a lot of Ido even without studying it.
means "I learn with my friend in the school."
A person can see that the word for 'I' looks like 'me', 'lernas' is 'learn, and 'skolo' is 'school'.
Also, if the person is French, they will know the word 'amiko' which means friend, and looks like the French word, 'ami' or 'amie'.
It also resembles the Italian word 'amico', and the Spanish/Portuguese word 'amigo'.
Grammar (how to use the language)
Each word in Ido comes from a smaller word called a root word.
A root word has a root and an ending.
The speaker can take the root and put it on another word to make a new one.
For example, urbo means "city" and -estro means "leader".
The root of urbo is urb-, and if -estro is put on the end, it becomes urbestro, which means mayor (leader of a city).
Or the speaker can put something on before; chef- means chief or leader, and if the speaker puts that before the word it becomes chefurbo, which means capital city.
-o : single noun (objects and things).
Book - libro.
Friend - amiko.
-i : plural noun (more than one object).
Books - libri.
Friends - amiki.
-a : adjective (words that describe objects).
Fast - rapida.
Short - kurta.
-e : adverb (words that describe how to do an action).
Quickly - rapide.
Shortly, brief - kurte.
-ar : verb (action word), present tense infinitive (like to go, to see, to find).
To go - irar.
To see - vidar.
-is : verb, past tense.
Went - iris.
Saw - vidis.
-as : verb, present tense (now).
Go, goes - iras.
See, sees - vidas.
-os : verb, future tense.
Will go - iros.
Will see - vidos.
-us : verb, conditional (like the English would). (
I) would go - irus. (
I) would see - vidus.
-ez : verb, imperative (telling someone to do something).
Go! -
irez!
See! -
videz!
Pronouns are the words in a language like I, thou, he, she, it, we, ye, they, and so on.
Ido was made from Esperanto, and all of Esperanto's pronouns end in -i.
The people that made Ido thought that they sounded too much the same and that it might be too difficult to hear sometimes.
Also, most languages have two ways of saying you so they decided to have two ways of saying you.
Lastly, they decided to make a pronoun that can mean he or she.
Some languages like the Finnish language and the Estonian language have something like this.
Ido and Esperanto
Ido is a language that came from Esperanto, so they look very similar.
Since Esperanto has more speakers than Ido, most people that know Ido first learned Esperanto and then later learned that Ido is a language, too.
Sometimes Idists (people who speak Ido) and Esperantists (people who speak Esperanto) do not agree with each other.
Luckily they both agree that making a language that everybody can learn is a good idea.
Most Idists and Esperantists can understand most of each other's language.
Here are samples of the language Ido to show what the language looks like.
On the right is a page from a magazine in Ido called Adavane! (
forward), written by an Ido group in Spain every two months.
This is a page from a diary by a girl named Anne Frank, a Jewish girl from the Netherlands that was killed in 1944 by the German government of Adolf Hitler.
Below is a small part of the book The Little Prince called La Princeto in Ido.
La Princeto
Bona nokto ! –
dicis la surprizata princeto.
dicis la serpento.
Adsur qua planeto me falis ? –
questionis la princeto.
Adsur Tero, sur Afrika. –
respondis la serpento.
Ha !...
Kad esas nulu sur Tero ?
To esas la dezerto, e nulu esas sur la dezerti.
Tero esas tre granda – dicis la serpento.
La princeto sideskis sur stono e levis lua okuli a la cielo.
Me questionas a me – lu dicis- ka la steli intence brilas por ke uladie singlu povez trovar sua stelo.
Videz mea planeto, olu esas exakte super ni... ma tre fore !
Olu esas bela planeto – dicis la serpento-.
Por quo vu venis adhike ?
Esas chagreneto inter floro e me – dicis la princeto.
Ha ! –
E la du permanis silence.
Ube esas la personi ? –
klamis fine la princeto-.
Onu esas kelke sola sur la dezerto...
Inter la personi onu anke esas sola – dicis la serpento.
La princeto regardis la serpento longatempe.
Vu esas stranja animalo ! –
dicis la princeto-.
Vu esas tam tenua kam fingro...
Yes, ma me esas plu potenta kam fingro di rejo – dicis la serpento.
La princeto ridetis.
Me ne kredas ke vu esas tre potenta, mem vu ne havas pedi... nek vu povas voyajar...
Me povas transportar vu plu fore kam navo -dicis la serpento.
Ed olu spulis la maleolo di la princeto, same kam ora braceleto.
Ta quan me tushas retroiras a la tero deube lu venis.
Ma vu esas pura e vu venas de stelo...
La princeto nulon respondis.
Me kompatas vu, qua esas tante sola sur ta harda granita Tero.
Me povas helpar vu se vu sentas nostalgio a vua planeto.
Me povas...
Ho ! –
Me bone komprenis, ma pro quo vu sempre parolas enigmatoze ?
Me solvas omna enigmati – dicis la serpento.
This was a song by a bard from Russia named Alexandr Sukhanov; he used words from the poetry of another Russian person named Yunna Mortis.
This is the Ido version, sung with guitar.
Me nule savas la Angla, la Franca, la Greka,
Mea vid-cirklo do restas sat mikra e streta -
En mea vid-cirklo trovesas nur flori, arbori,
Nur tero e maro, aero, fairo, amoro.
Me nule savas la Dana e la Portugala,
Mea vid-cirklo restas sat infantala -
Nur joyi rapide pasant', bruligiva aflikto,
Nur esperi, e timi noktal' es en mea vid-cirklo.
Me savas nek la Sanskrito e nek la Latina,
Mea vid-cirklo es ancien-mod' quale tino
Nur morto e nasko homala, nur grani ed astri
Aden mea vid-cirklo penetras e standas sat mastre.
Mea savo artala esas fakultativa.
Mea vid-cirklo restas presk' primitiva -
En olu es nia afero intima, interna
Por ke kun homaro la Tero flugadez eterne.
Mea vid-cirklon restriktas nur timi, esperi,
En olu trovesas nur amo, nur maro e tero.
Aden mea vid-cirklo penetras e standas sat mastre
Nur morto e nasko homala, nur grani ed astri.
People who know Ido come together for a few days every year to meet each other and speak the language.
Most Ido speakers live in Europe and so the conventions (a meeting of people) have taken place in Europe.
The main page for the language
A site with dictionaries
Ido Wikipedia
Ido Wiktionary
Louis de Beaufront, Louis Couturat, Paul Hugon, English-international dictionary (1908) on https://archive.org
Having already joined the banned PSOE left-wing party in 1964, he became one of its leaders when it became legal in 1977.
He became a Cabinet Minister, serving first as Minister for Culture and party spokesman, then Minister for Education, then Minister for Foreign Affairs, before being made NATO boss in December 1995, just as the Dayton agreement saw the IFOR NATO peacekeeping mission enter the former Yugoslavia.
He was also involved in the Kosovo bombings, and the negotiations that led to an eventual peace.
Spanish diplomats
European Union politicians
Secretaries General of NATO
People from Madrid
Spanish politicians
Spanish scientists
A paragraph is a collection of words strung together to make a longer unit than a sentence.
Several sentences often make to a paragraph.
There are normally three to eight sentences in a paragraph.
Paragraphs can start with a five-space indentation or by skipping a line and then starting over.
This makes it simpler to tell when one paragraph ends and the next starts.
A topic phrase appears in most ordered types of writing, such as essays.
This paragraph's topic sentence informs the reader about the topic of the paragraph.
In most essays, numerous paragraphs make statements to support a thesis statement, which is the essay's fundamental point.
Paragraphs may signal when the writer changes topics.
Each paragraph may have a number of sentences, depending on the topic.
Lansing is the capital city of the U.S. state of Michigan.
It is about 1 to 2 hours west of Detroit.
It is in the center of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.
There is a lot of agriculture.
1835 establishments in Michigan Territory
For example, in a serious Western movie, the good guys always seem to shoot better and faster than the bad guys.
In a Western parody, this might be exaggerated by showing a good guy firing a single shot, and a dozen of the bad guys falling from their horses as a result.
Blazing Saddles is a parody of Western movies in general,
Spaceballs is a parody of the Star Wars movies, and science fiction in general,
Men in Tights is a parody of Robin Hood movies,
That is its core meaning, though the word has a long history, and has been used in many ways.
A fact is something that has really happened or is actually the case.
The usual test for a statement of fact is whether it can be shown to be true.
Standard reference works are often used to check facts.
Scientific facts are verified by careful observation or measurement (by experiments or other means).
Facts as statements
A fact is a statement (a claim) about something that is true.
A fact can answer questions like, "what color is it?"
or "who made that?"
An opinion is different from a fact.
But you can say facts about a person's opinion.
For example, someone can ask a question like "What is Alice's opinion about the book?"
You can answer this question with a fact, for example "Alice said she likes the book."
Then it is a fact that Alice says she likes the book.
But maybe Alice does not like the book.
So it not a fact that Alice likes the book, but it is a fact that Alice says she likes the book.
One way to learn a fact is if a person can help you see it.
For example, if you ask, "do you have my book?"
To answer this question, a person can let you see your book.
Then you can know it is a fact that this person has your book.
Examples of fact statements
These examples show that there are facts of different kinds.
Your heart pumps blood through your body.
The leaves of growing plants are usually green.
Some people keep dogs as pets.
1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram.
False statements
Water always comes from the sky.
Dogs are made of cheese.
All people read books.
Cows live under water.
Scientific theories
A scientific theory is knowledge of important facts about a natural thing.
The facts in a scientific theory have evidence that shows that the fact is not false.
A person who understands the scientific method can test to see if the facts of a scientific theory are correct.
When statements have been tested and shown to be not false, they may be "true".
The facts of each scientific theory have usually been questioned and tested by many people.
Because of this, we know that the knowledge of a scientific theory is fact and not opinion.
Examples of scientific theories include the theory of relativity and the theory of evolution.
More simply, it is a fact that the Earth goes around the Sun (and not vice versa).
This took so long to establish because a leading religious body had the reverse opinion (see articles on Galileo and Copernicus for the story).
Now we can say that there is a difference between statements of fact, and opinions or claimed truths of religion.
The difference is in the way disputes about the truth are decided.
Victim is a term used for a person who suffers adverse circumstances, often in relation to having a crime committed against them.
If someone is robbed, he or she is the victim.
If someone is killed, that person is the victim.
The person who committed the crime is the culprit.
Criminal justice
A culprit is a person who commits a crime.
If someone robs a person, the robber is the culprit, while the person who was robbed is the victim.
Shot put is an athletics sport where people try to "put" a heavy weighted ball as far as they can.
They are not allowed to throw it, but instead they push the ball out into the air.
They "put" the ball by holding it at their neck and pushing it through the air.
The shot put has been part of the Olympics since 1896.
The weight of the ball can vary from 6 to 16 pounds (2.76 to 7.26 kg), depending on level age and gender of the participants.
The main objective of the sport is to throw the ball as far as possible.
The Shot put is similar to the javelin.
It is an official Olympic event and can be seen at the Olympic games.
The athlete cannot wear gloves when they are participating.
If wearing gloves, the athlete will be disqualified.
It is an outdoor event and cannot be played inside.
It is a track and field event.
Throwing technique
There are two types of putting styles: glide and spin (rotation).
The glide was invented in the US in the year 1876.
The spin was also developed in the US.
It was invented by Parry O'Brian and made famous by Brian Oldfield.
The athlete must only use one hand and it must not drop below the shoulder or it could cause damage.
The athlete can be disqualified for leaving the circle before the shot hits the ground, or leaving the sector lines.
The athlete must not put a foot past the toe board, or it is a disqualification.
The athlete must not take longer than 60.00 seconds to take a shot.it is compulsory to put the shot in the given time.
Shot put was originally used in the Olympics to see who was the strongest athlete.
Each athlete threw from a wooden square, and could only stand to throw.
The shot put was a large stone ball.
That is now a metal not softer than brass.
Under hand toss
Stand facing landing area.
Hold shot in front of body with both hands.
Bend knees and throw shot up and out, away from body, using an underhand toss.
Chest pass
Hold shot with both hands with fingers behind shot.
Push shot out like a basketball chest pass.
Record holders
Cameron George, 23.12m United Kingdom 2013
Natalya Lisovskaya, 22.63m RUS 1987
Mark Robinson, 24.60m USA 2009
Magic (illusion), tricks that fool people into thinking they see something they really did not see
"Magic" (Pilot song), a song by the Scottish band Pilot
Apotropaic magic, protection against harmful influences
Magic: The Gathering, a collectible card game
Witchcraft, the action of using magic powers.
Hitchhiking is a way to end travel from place to place in someone else's car or lorry.
Usually, a hitchhiker (a person who hitchhikes) will stand at the side of a road and hold his or her thumb in the air waiting for a passerby to come and pick her or him up.
This is a sign that he or she wants to go somewhere else.
It was a very common way of traveling in Europe in the 1970s until people started to go missing.
It is common for people to encounter rapists or lunatics while hitchiking, it is not always clear when being picked up if a person is dangerous, and this make it very dangerous and has made it less popular.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Hitchhiking - a wiki project to collect information about hitchhiking
Anhalterfreunde - Information all about hitchhiking (English and German language)
Liftershalte.info  - a worldmap with hitching places.
hitchbase.com - Database with hitchhing places
Abgefahren e.V. - the first German Autostop Society; ideas, tips, projects,..
Owls are birds in the order Strigiformes.
There are 200 species, and they are all animals of prey.
Most of them are solitary and nocturnal; in fact, they are the only large group of birds which hunt at night.
Owls are specialists night-time hunters.
They feed on small mammals such as rodents, insects, and other birds, and a few species like to eat fish as well.
As a group, owls are very successful.
They are found in all parts of the world except Antarctica, most of Greenland, and some small islands.
Owl families
True owls: the family Strigidae (185 species in 25 genera)
Barn owls: the family Tytonidae.
This contains the genus Tyto, especially Tyto alba, with its many sub-species.
The genus Pholidus has only a couple of species, known as bay-owls.
It hunts mainly by sound.
An owl has a big head, flat face, hooked beak, short tail, and sharp talons, The wings of an owl are long.
Owls have brown, gray, or white plumage with streaks or spots.
Owls have large eyes and holes for ears, a hawk-like beak, and a rather flat face.
Most birds of prey have eyes on the sides of their heads, but the owl's eyes are facing forwards to help it see better in the dark.
Their eyes are also fixed inside their sockets, so they have to turn their whole head to look at other things.
Owls can rotate their heads and necks up to 270 degrees in both directions.
Owls are good at looking at things far from its eyes, but it cannot see anything clearly within a few centimeters of their eyes.
Owls use small feathers on the beak and the feet that help it feel the prey it catches.
Most owls hunt at night, and in twilight (dawn and dusk).
A few owls are also active during the day.