the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The women of that time valued chastity, and when they went out, they covered their faces with a shawl or cloak which would prevent them from being exposed to the outside world.
They used a variety of colors and designs when they chose ornaments, often standing for the cherished hopes of the age: long life and happiness, prosperity and posterity.
Recent Hanbok
More than three decades ago, hanbok, a traditional form of Korean clothing, was popular.
Like all clothing, hanbok also changed as time has gone by with fluctuating fashion trends.
Hanbok designs have changed a lot as they have passed throughout Korea's turbulent history.
The hanbok we freely wear and see these days is reminiscent of the late Joseon Dynasty (early 20th century).
Curved features are important in traditional hanbok design.
As they are not designed to be tight fitting, the inherent beauty of hanbok is apparent in its elegance and style generated by the abundance of material.
The curves, lines and vivid colors of hanbok have affected the Korean fashion industry.
By mixing traditional dress with modern fashion, a series of fusion hanbok designs appeared.
Designs, patterns and styles of hanbok have even been used to architecture.
Although these days the hanbok has become the ritual dress of choice worn only on traditional holidays, Koreans' love for hanbok is still great.
Famous Korean classic dramas are making many foreigners take more interest in traditional Korean clothing as well.
Recently, some high schools have adopted Hanbok as their school uniforms.
One of the most prestigious high schools in Korea, Korean Minjok Leadership Academy, is famous for its school uniform, which is a modified hanbok.
Moreover, Korean people nowadays modify their traditional clothing, hanbok, to make it more wearable.
The vivid colors, shapes, curved lines, materials of hanbok are used for designing fashionable clothing in Korea, these days.
http://www.mcst.go.kr/main.jsp
Troup County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia.
As of 2000, 58,779 people lived there.
The 2007 census estimate showed 63,535 people living there.
The county seat is LaGrange.
The land that makes up Troup County as well as other (Lee, Muscogee, Coweta and Carroll) was taken from the Creek people in 1825.
This was done through a treaty called the Treaty of Indian Springs.
The counties' area were created by the Georgia General Assembly on June 9, 1826.
They were not named until December 14, 1826.
The county is named for George Troup.
Troup was the thirty-fourth governor of Georgia, a member of the United States House of Representatives, and a U.S. senator.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 446 square miles (1,155 km²).
Of this area, 414 square miles (1,072 km²) is land and 32 square miles (83 km²) of it (7.19%) is water.
U.S. Highway 27
U.S. Highway 29
Georgia State Route 14
Georgia State Route 18
Georgia State Route 54
Coweta County (northeast)
Meriwether County (east)
Harris County (south)
Chambers County, Alabama (southwest)
Randolph County, Alabama (northwest)
Heard County (north-northwest)
As of the 2000 census, there were 58,779 people, 21,920 households, and 15,607 families residing in the county.
The population density was 142 people per square mile (55/km²).
There were 23,824 housing units at an average density of 58 per square mile (22/km²).
The racial makeup of the county was 65.80% White, 31.87% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.75% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races.
1.71% of the people were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 21,920 households.
Of these, 34.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.10% were married couples living together, 17.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families.
24.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the county the people were spread out with 27.90% under the age of 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 28.40% from 25 to 44, 21.90% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older.
For every 100 females there were 91.00 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $35,469, and the median income for a family was $41,891.
Males had a median income of $31,863 versus $22,393 for females.
The per capita income for the county was $17,626.
About 12.20% of families and 14.80% of the people were below the poverty line, including 20.70% of those under age 18 and 14.00% of those age 65 or over.
Hogansville
Mountville, Georgia (Unincorporated)
Harrisonville, Georgia (Unincorporated)
Whitespace are "blanks", characters that represent space between other characters.
The space, tab, carriage return and line feed characters are all whitespace.
You can’t see white characters.
A carriage return, sometimes known as a cartridge return and often shortened to CR, <CR> or return, is a control character or mechanism used to reset a device's position to the beginning of a line of text.
It is closely associated with the line feed and newline concepts, although it can be considered separately in its own right.
In computing, the carriage return is the name of a computer character that directs a printer or screen display to return to the start of a line when printing or displaying text.
The origin of its name is as you'd expect: it told a teletype that its print carriage (the cylinder that held the paper) should return to the beginning of a line.
On some systems, such as older Macintoshes, it also creates a new line, like the line feed character.
Control characters
Line feed is the name of a computer character that directs a printer or screen display to advance one line of text.
The word "feed" refers to its original use: causing paper to be fed through a teletype, one line at a time.
On some systems, such as the Unix family, it also returns to the beginning of the line, like the carriage return character.
Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanid dynasty, was ruler of Istakhr (since 206?),
then of an important part of Persia (since 208?),
and finally "King of Kings of Persia" (since 226).
The dynasty Ardashir founded would rule for four centuries until overthrown by the Rashidun Caliphate in 651.
Ardashir is also known as Ardashīr-i Pāpagān "Ardashir, son of Pāpağ", and other variants of his name include Latinized Artaxares and Artaxerxes.
Ardashir was born in the late 2nd century in Istakhr, what is present-day Fars in Iran.
At that time is was a vassal kingdom of Parthia.
In conclict with  Artabanus IV, who ordered his vassal, the ruler of Khuzestan, to confront Ardashir.
It was Ardashir who emerged victorious in that battle.
In 226, Artabanus IV himself invaded Fars to defeat the rebelling Ardashir.
But the Parthian army was completely defeated, and Artabanus IV was killed.
According to one account, Ardashir and Artabanus fought in close combat on horseback.
Ardashir pretended to flee, turned around in the saddle and shot Artabanus through the heart.
Ardashir I was crowned in 226 as the Šāhān šāh Ērān "king of kings [of] Iran" (his consort Adhur-Anahid took the title "Queen of Queens"), Ardashir finally brought the over 400 year-old Parthian Empire to an end and began four centuries of Sassanid rule.
Ardashir I was an energetic king, responsible for the resurgence not just of Persia but of Iranian-speaking peoples as a unified nation, the strengthening of Zoroastrianism, and the establishment of a dynasty that would endure for four centuries.
While his campaigns against Rome met with only limited success, he achieved more against them than the Parthians had done in many decades and prepared the way for the substantial successes his son and successor Shapur I would enjoy against the same enemy.
Christensen, A. 1965: "Sassanid Persia".
The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XII: The Imperial Crisis and Recovery (A.D. 193–324).
Cook, S.A. et al.,
Cambridge: University Press, pp 109–111, 118, 120, 126–130.
Oranskij, I. M. 1977: Les Langues Iraniennes.
Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck, pp 71–76. .\
Book of the Deeds of Ardashir son of Babak
R.N. Fye, "Babak" in Encyclopædia Iranica
J. Wiesehöfer, "Ardasir" in Encyclopædia Iranica
Artabanus IV of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire (c. 216 – 224).
He was the younger son of Vologases V who died in 209.
Artabanus rebelled against his brother Vologases VI, and soon gained the upper hand, although Vologases VI maintained himself in a part of Babylonia until about 228.
The Roman emperor Caracalla, wanted to make use of this civil war for a conquest of the East and attacked the Parthians in 216.
He crossed the Tigris and destroyed the towns, but when Artabanus advanced at the head of an army, he retired to Carrhae.
There he was murdered by Martialis on April 8, 217.
Caracalla's successor, the Praetorian Prefect of the Guard Macrinus, was defeated at Nisibis and in a peace with Artabanus he gave up all the Roman conquests and paid a heavy contribution to the Parthians.
At about this time, the Persian Great King Ardashir had already begun his conquests in Persia.
When Artabanus tried to subdue him his troops were defeated.
The war lasted several years; at last Artabanus himself was killed in 226.
Thus the 400-year rule of the Arsacid Dynasty came to an end.
Dio Cassius, vii, 12; lxxviii, 26.
216 births
224 deaths
Dame Helen Lydia Mirren DBE (born Helen Lydia Mironoff; 26 July 1945) is an English actor active in theatre, movie and television.
She began her acting career in 1963 with the National Youth Theatre, later joining the Royal Shakespeare Company.
She has since then appeared with several theatre companies in a wide variety of roles.
She is widely regarded as one of the greatest British actresses of all time.
She began appearing in movies while still very young but did not really attract attention until the late 1970s.
Her movies include: Caligula (1979), The Long Good Friday (1980), Excalibur (1981), Cal (1981), White Nights (1985), Pascali's Island (1988), The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover (1989), The Madness of King George (1994), Gosford Park (2001), and The Queen (2006), for which she won the Academy Award for best actress, and several other awards (Golden Globe, BAFTA, etc.).
Mirren has also appeared in several series on television, notably as Inspector Jane Tennison in the Prime Suspect series, she was also acclaimed as Queen Elizabeth I in the series Elizabeth I (2006).
Mirren is an atheist.
She began a relationship with Taylor Hackford in 1986.
The couple married in 1997.
Makgeolli (Makuly, also called nongju or takju) is a Korean traditional rice wine.
Made from rice, it is a milky brew with an alcohol content of 6 to 7 percent.
Rice, the main ingredient of it, is not sweet in itself, so Nuruk is also used to make it.
Once boiled rice and Nuruk are mixed, the enzymes in Nuruk break down carbohydrates in rice into sugar.
Then the sugar meets yeasts in Nuruk and there begins fermentation.
Because the fermentation keeps on going, Makgeolli should be drunk as soon as possible once it is opened.
It has a long history.
Ancient people made liquor with grains such as wheat and rice after they found the way to grow them.
That is the beginning of it.
There are some records about it.
For example, a book written in Three Kingdoms of Korea, it says many people drank ‘grain liquor.’
Moreover, in a document about the brewing of Joesun Dynasty, there says Makgeolli had had long history and been considered as liquor of the folk.
Made from newly harvested rice, it was regarded as sacred gift from God.
In addition, it played an important role in religious event like praying ceremony for a year of abundance.
Compared to other liquor, it is good for health.
Abundant in protein and fiber, it affects to liver much less than any other alcohol.
Rather it helps prevent cancer and heart disease.
Similar to milk and yogurt, it has good effect on the health with its organic acids.
These days, demand on it is growing from USA and Japan, so exports are rising in Korea.
Actually in Korea, most of the men who drank it were farmers or manual workers in 1970s.
That’s because it was replaced not only by soju but also by Western drinks such as beer or whisky.
Recently, however, even young generations are more likely to drink it than before.
- Yonhap News https://fitcrv.com/benefits-of-brown-rice/
Sadri (also Nagpuri) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Bihar,  Chhattisgarh and   Odisha.
It is the native language of the Sadaan, an ethino-linguistic group of the of Chota Nagpur region.
In addition to native speaker, Sadri is also used as a lingua-fraca by large number of tribal groups such as: Kharia, Munda, Bhumij, Kurukh and many of these tribal group have adopted Sadri as their first language.
It spoken by many Tea-tribes of Assam, West Bengal and Bangladesh.
In present,
Geographical Distribution
Nagpuri language is chiefly spoken in western Chota Nagpur Plateau region of west-central Jharkhand in districts such as Latehar, Lohardaga, Chatra, Palamu, Garhwa, Gumla, Simdega, Ranchi, Khunti, West Singhbhum  North-east Chhattisgarh in district  Jashpur, Surguja, Balrampur, South-east Uttar Pradesh in Sonbhadra, Northern Odisha in Sundargarh and south-west Bihar in  Aurangabad district.
The Rohingya language is a language that is spoken by approximately 1 million in Arakan (which is in Burma), Half a million in Makkah, Jeddah, and Madinah of Saudi Arabia, 300,000 in Karachi and Pakistan, 200,000 in Cox's Bazaar District of Bangladesh (2006), 30,000 in Malaysia, and others in Thailand, UAE and India.
It has many alternate names, including: Rohinga, Rohinja, Ruaingga, Arakani, and Arakanese.
The Rohingya language is related to the Bengali language.
The Rohingya language uses a lot of words from other languages, like Arabic and English.
This is due to history (the Rohingya are Muslim and Arabic is an important language in their religion, Islam) and culture (they interacted with the English and many other different groups).
The Rohingya language has many different alphabets.
People have a hard time trying to agree on a single alphabet to write in.
They can write in: Burmese alphabet, Arabic alphabet, or the Latin alphabet (the ABCs).
A Rohingya man named Mohammed Hanif created the Hanafi alphabet, which is suitable to write the language in.
However, not many computers can support the Hanafi alphabet.
So for the time being, many Rohingya use the ABCs when they use computers and phones.
Rohingya is a subject-object-verb language.
For example, "I love you" in English would be "I you love" in Rohingya.
Rohingya: Manúic beggún azad hísafe, ar izzot arde hók ókkol ót, fúainna hísafe foida óiye.
Fottí insán óttu honó forók sára elan ot aséde tamám hók ókkol arde azadi ókkol loi fáaida goróon ór hók asé.
Ar, taráre dil arde demak diyé.
Ótolla, taráttu ekzon loi arekzon bái hísafe maamela goróon saá.
English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
Friedrich Kurt Fiedler (8 March 1894 – 11 November 1950) was a German graphic designer.
During the Weimar Republic he became known for his book and poster designs.
Kurt Fiedler was an active member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
Kurt Fiedler was born in the little village Eichbusch near Dresden as a son of a carpenter.
Together with the later known painter Hermann Glöckner he attended around 1910 the evening classes of the Kunstgewerbeschule Dresden.
The students were educated in an aesthetic style, which was propagated by Deutscher Werkbund.
From 1911 to 1915 Fiedler got a grant to study as master scholar of Richard Guhr and Josef Goller.
During World War I Fiedler served as front-line soldier in France.
After the war, Ferdinand Avenarius introduced him to the Dürerbund.
Fiedler lived in the house of this leading cultural organization in Blasewitz for about 20 years.
For the social democratic newspaper Dresdner Volkszeitung he designed the masthead.
The Nazis hindered Kurt Fiedler because he was known as an active social democrat.
During World War II Kurt Fiedler served as translator for French prisoners of war.
He left army in 1942 because of poor health.
Until the end of Nazi Germany he earned his money with technical drawings at the Dresden University of Technology.
The home of Kurt Fiedler was completely destroyed during Bombing of Dresden in World War II on 13 February 1945.
After the war, Kurt Fiedler belonged to the directorate of the association of fine arts in Dresden.
He was artistic fellow worker of the Saxon regional board of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany.
As nearly all social democrats Fiedler became sidelined in following years.
Fiedler worked for the leading publishing houses of Dresden.
B.G. Teubner, Theodor Steinkopff-Verlag, Wilhelm-Limpert-Verlag, Buchdruckerei der Dr. Güntz'schen Stiftung and Rudolph'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung were known nationwide.
Fiedler designed books on astronomy for the Dürerbund and the local planetarium.
Especially known were his cover illustrations for adventure stories of the famous circus Sarrasani.
Some of the books for Talisman-Bücherei of Rudolph were banned by the Nazis.
They were bound to the New Thought movement.
On occasion of the World Advertising Congress 1929 in Berlin, Fiedler was awarded for his poster design.
Some important posters were Hiertstein - Katzenstein Gebiet, Riesen-Auftakt 43.
Bundesfest Bund Deutscher Radfahrer for the German Cycling Federation, and 200 Jahre Dresdner Anzeiger on occasion of the jubilee of the first newspaper of Dresden.
After 1930 Fiedler became known for some of his drawings, especially of children.
Fiedler counts today as one of the leading poster artists of post-war East Germany.
Many of his works can be found in Deutsches Historisches Museum, Akademie der Künste and the German Federal Archive.
Among his best known pieces of that period is Junkerland in Bauernhand, a movie poster designed for the DEFA.
The German national picture archive of arts at the University of Marburg documents 34 of his posters from that time.
City Archive of Dresden (17.6.3.5: 79 documents; drawings, posters, illustrations, advertising graphics)
James Aulich, Marta Sylvestrová: Political posters in Central and Eastern Europe, 1945-95: signs of the times.
James Aulich, Marta Sylvestrová.
Manchester University Press ND, 1999
Kurt Fiedler - Arts & Architecture, Research, and Dresden at Scribd
German national picture archive of arts at the University of Marburg
The cryosphere is the part of the Earth’s surface where water is in solid form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost).
It often overlaps with the hydrosphere, the water on, under and over the surface of the Earth.
The cryosphere is an important part of the global climate system.
It influences surface energy, clouds, precipitation, hydrology, and the way both air and water move about in the atmosphere and oceans.
The cryosphere is important to understanding how the climate of Earth works and how it affects global climate.
The word cyrosphere comes from the Greek word cryo meaning "cold" or "to cold".
Jute is a vegetable fibre.
It is very cheap to produce, and its production levels are similar to that of cotton.
It is a bast fibre, like hemp, and flax.
Coarse fabrics made of jute are called hessian, or burlap in America.
Like all natural fibres, Jute is biodegradable.
"Jute" is the name of the plant or fiber that is used to make burlap, Hessian or gunny cloth.
It is very rough and is very difficult to cut or tear.
The jute plant is easily grown in tropical countries like Bangladesh and India.
India is the largest producer of jute in the world.
Jute is less expensive than cotton, but cotton is better for quality clothes.
Jute is used to make various products: packaging materials, jute bags, sacks, expensive carpets, espadrilles, sweaters etc.
It is obtained from the bark of the jute plant.
Jute plants are easy to grow, have a high yield per acre and, unlike cotton, have little need for pesticides and fertilizers.
Sir Bryan Hopkin (7 December 1914 – 10 October 2009) was a Welsh economist.
He spent a lot of his career giving economic advice to the British government.
At other times he taught economics at university.
He did not agree with the economic policies of Margaret Thatcher.
Hopkin went to Barry Grammar School and then studied at St John's College, Cambridge, where he was a student of John Maynard Keynes.
He then studied at Manchester University.
In 1941, during the Second World War, Hopkin was working as a civil servant at the Ministry of Health.
Winston Churchill chose him to be part of the government's statistical team.
He spent many years advising the government, before becoming Professor of Economics at Cardiff University in 1972.
He became head of the Government Economic Service in 1973, and gave advice to Denis Healey.
It was a hard time for Healey because the unions were asking for big pay increases and inflation was rising.
Hopkin helped Healey to persuade people to stick to the pay policy he had made.
Then Hopkins returned to work at the university, from where he criticized Margaret Thatcher's policies.
The economy was not going well, and Mrs Thatcher wanted to make cuts in government spending.
Hopkin and many other economists disagreed.
They thought the government should spend money instead to help the economy.
Hopkin was made CBE in 1961 and knighted in 1971.
In 1938 he married Renée Recour (d. 2002), and they had two sons.
Sir Bryan Hopkin died in Bedford.
Denis Winston Healey, Baron Healey CH, MBE, PC (30 August 1917 – 3 October 2015) was a British Labour politician.
He was Secretary of State for Defence from 1964 to 1970 and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1974 to 1979.
Healey was born in Mottingham, Kent, and moved with his family to Keighley in the West Riding of Yorkshire when he was five years old.
He was given the middle name "Winston" after Winston Churchill, who was an important politician at the time Denis was born.
Healey was one of three children.
Their father was an engineer who had worked his way up by taking extra lessons at night school.
Healey went to Bradford Grammar School, and in 1936 he won a type of scholarship known as an "exhibition", which gave him enough money to take a degree at Balliol College, Oxford.
At Oxford University he got involved in politics, and he joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1937.
In 1939, not liking the party's policies, he changed his mind.
From that time on, he supported the Labour Party, even though one of his best friends at university, Edward Heath, supported the Conservative Party.
After getting his degree, Healey joined the Royal Engineers, and served in the British forces in several countries during World War II.
He took an important part in the Battle of Anzio, towards the end of the war.
After the war, he joined the Labour Party, and made an important speech to the Labour Party conference in 1945, shortly before the United Kingdom general election, 1945.
In February 1952, Healey became the Member of Parliament for Leeds South East.
He supported Hugh Gaitskell, the leader of the Labour Party.
When Gaitskell died in 1963, Healey became a supporter of Harold Wilson.
When Labour won the 1964 election Healey was given the job of Secretary of State for Defence.
Labour lost power in 1970, but Healey was given the job of Shadow Chancellor in April 1972.
When Labour won a general election in March 1974 and came back into power, Healey became Chancellor of the Exchequer in March 1974.
When Harold Wilson resigned as Prime Minister in 1976, Healey was one of those who hoped to take over, but he was not chosen.
He continued in the job of Chancellor of the Exchequer when James Callaghan took over as Prime Minister.
Healy married Edna Edmunds in 1945.
Together, they had three children.
They lived in Alfriston, Sussex.
Edna died in 2010.
On 14 June 1978, Healey likened being attacked by the mild-mannered Geoffrey Howe in the House of Commons to being "savaged by a dead sheep".
Nevertheless, Howe appeared and paid warm tribute when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989.
The two remained friends for many years, with Howe dying only a few days after Healey, in 2015.
Births England and Wales 1837–1983
Interview about nuclear strategy in Europe for the WGBH-TV series, War and Peace in the Nuclear Age , 1986
The old bruiser who remained the boy next door, William Keegan, The Observer, 3 December 2006, interview and retrospective
Denis Healey at 90, Elinor Goodman, BBC News, 30 March 2007
Denis Winston Healey, Baron Healey (1917–), Politician: Sitter in 11 portraits (National Portrait Gallery)
Disease-related deaths in Sussex
Plessy v. Ferguson, , was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled segregation was legal, as long as equal facilities were provided for both races.
The decision was handed down by a vote of 7 to 1.
The majority opinion was written by Justice Henry Billings Brown, and the minority opinion was written by Justice John Marshall Harlan.
In 1954, Brown v. Board of Education partially overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling.
The State of Louisiana passed a law saying that whites and blacks had to ride in different cars on trains, but required that the train cars be "equal."
Homer Plessy, who was one-eighth black (meaning that one of his eight great-grandparents was black) was arrested for riding in a whites-only car.
He challenged the  Louisiana law, saying it was against the United States Constitution.
Plessy argued that the state law which required East Louisiana Railroad to segregate trains had denied him his rights under the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.
The Supreme Court, in a 7-1 decision, ruled that the Louisiana law was valid.
They said that requiring whites and blacks to ride in separate trains did not harm blacks in any way.
Justice John Marshall Harlan was the only justice who thought the law was against the Constitution.
He thought segregation made black Americans feel inferior.
He said that the Constitution is "color blind" and that the law should not treat any group better than any other group.
Brown and Plessy
In 1954, the United States Supreme Court made it illegal to segregate schools by race.
Chief Justice Earl Warren even ruled that ""separate facilities are [always] unequal.""
However, Brown did not make it illegal to segregate in any other places, aside from schools.
Segregation in other places was still legal.
This means that Brown overturned part of Plessy v. Ferguson by making school segregation illegal, but it did not overturn the entire law.
19th century in Louisiana
Human rights abuses in the United States
Robbinsville is a township in Mercer County, New Jersey.
As of the year 2000, 10,275 people live in Robbinsville.
The town was incorporated, or created as a town, on March 15, 1859.
Robbinsville is 20.5 square miles in size.
The median income is $71,377.
The main transportation systems within Robbinsvile are US Route 130, Route 33, Interstate 195 and the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95).
Trenton-Robbinsville Airport is also located within Robbinsville.
About 30,000 aircraft enter and exit the airport a year.
Mercer County is a county in New Jersey, United States of America.
Trenton, the capital of New Jersey is in Mercer County.
As of the year 2006, 367,605 people lived in the county.
Mercer county was founded in the year 1838.
New Jersey counties
19th-century establishments in New Jersey
Gochujang () is a savory, fermented Korean food.
It is made from red chili, glutinous rice, fermented soybeans and salt.
It is used to add flavour to a variety of Korean foods such as bibmbab (), bulgogi (), and tteokbokki ().
The main ingredients of gochujang are red chili powder, glutinous rice powder mixed with powdered fermented soybeans, and salt.
Each serving contains 8.9% of protein, 4.1% lipid, 15.9% of carbohydrate, and 3.5% of fibre.
It has more Vitamin B than doenjang and ganjang.
It contains 5mg of Vitamin C per gram and 2,445mg of carotene per 100 gram.
One peculiar ingredient is capsaicin which is main cause of hot taste.
Some people put salted fish or meat into gochujang.
Gochujang (hot pepper paste) has been made since chili was introduced from Japan in 1592, during the middle period of the Chosun Dynasty ().
According to Jung-Bo-Sal-Lim-Kyung-Jae (), written in 1766, it was made from beans, sweet from glutinous rice, hot from red peppers, and salty.
Since that time, making gochujang became rapidly popular.
In Nong-Ga-Wol-Lyung-Ga (), there is content regarding making it.
Different types of gochujang are made by adding different ingredients in the production process.
Recipes are slightly different depending on the parts of Korea it comes from.
The most common types of gochujang are listed below.
Glutinous rice Gochujang
Kaoliang Gochujang
Barley Gochujang
made by adding barley.
Popularly used as Ssam-Jang (쌈장) in summer.
Wheat Gochujang
made by adding wheat.
Used for making Jji-Gaes (찌개, stews), and Jang-A-Jji (장아찌, Pickled Vegetables)
Red-bean Gochujang
made by adding red-beans.
Used in Cho-Gochujang (초고추장) thanks to the beautiful red color.
이춘자, Lee Chun-Ja/ 장 醬/ 대원사, Dae Won Sa/ 2003/ pp.
89 – 107
김찬곤, Kim Chan-Gon, 한국문화관광부, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism/ 우리 민족 문화 상징 100/한솔수북, Han Sol Su Book/ 2006/ pp.
67 - 69
Silliman University, sometimes simply called Silliman or SU, is a private Christian university in Dumaguete City, Philippines.
The school first started in 1901 when American Presbyterian missionaries came to the Philippines after the war between America and Spain ended.
Because of this, Silliman became the first Protestant and American private school in the country.
It is also the oldest university founded by Americans in Asia.
At first, they started it as an elementary school for boys.
But later on, it became a college, and then into a university.
The man who was first sent by the Presbyterians to start the school was David Sutherland Hibbard, a pastor from Lyndon, Kansas.
On the other hand, the one who gave the money to start it was Horace Brinsmade Silliman, a businessman from Cohoes, New York.
Thankful for what Silliman did, the Presbyterians named the school after him.
Today, Silliman has ten colleges, four schools, and two institutes.
Its students come from different parts of the Philippines, as well as from other parts of the world (more than 20 different countries).
Silliman offers early childhood, elementary, high school, and college education.
In college, Silliman teaches many things such as Accountancy, Business Administration, Engineering, Information Technology, Law, Medicine, Nursing, Biology, Chemistry, Education, Marine Sciences, Physics, Theology, Philosophy, Psychology, and Public Administration among others.
Those who want to take up masters and doctorate courses can also find these in Silliman.
Aside from teaching, Silliman is also involved in activities called "extension projects" that help people and different communities.
Silliman is in Dumaguete City, beside the sea.
It has 116,392 people.
Silliman has two campuses.
One is along Hibbard Avenue, called the main campus, and the other is beside the Silliman Beach, two kilometers from the main campus, known as the College of Agriculture and Marine Lab campus.
The main campus has a land area of 33hectares (330,000 m²) and contains most of Silliman's colleges, schools and institutes.
The College of Agriculture and Marine Lab Campus on the other hand has a land area of 29hectares (290,000 m²).
It has a farm, a place for students to live in called dormitories, and other buildings of the College of Agriculture.
Located beside the College is the Marine Laboratory and the Silliman Beach.
Silliman also has facilities in other places.
One of these is in Valencia, Negros Oriental (East Negros) and is presently called the Camp Lookout Facility.
It is on top of a hill.
Silliman "Writers' Village" is there.
The village has a main building called a function hall and five small apartments called cottages which are all designed to host the annual Silliman National Writers Workshop.
The other facility not on campus is the Ticao Island facility.
This facility has a land area of 465hectares and is on another island (Ticao Island) in a province called Masbate.
This facility is basically a ranch and a farm, with some areas being covered by forests.
Silliman has many plans for this facility, and because it wants to let the people around the area know what these plans are, the university has shown it to them to see if they like it or not.
The people who run the University are called the Board of Trustees.
Sometimes, they are simply called the Board.
They represent different sectors of the university.
These sectors are the alumni, the Silliman University Foundation Incorporated (SUFI), and the United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP).
Each of these sectors are represented by five members.
All in all, the Board has fifteen members.
The Board can't work alone, and so they are assisted by many persons.
These persons are the University President, the Vice-President for Academic Affairs, Vice-President for Finance, the University Registrar, Treasurer and Auditor as well as the Manager for Human Resource (HRD).
Since these persons also have a lot of things to do and think about, they are also assisted by other people called Deans, Directors, Department Chairpersons, Coordinators and Unit Heads of the different colleges, schools, institutes, units, research centers, programs and extension projects of the University.
Academic Units
Silliman is divided or organized into academic units called colleges, schools and institutes.
These units teach different things.
These units are:
Silliman University's website
Yut is a traditional Korean board game played mainly during the period from Korean New Year to the first full moon.
Cheok-sa and sa-hee are the other names of the game.
Its origin is not clear, but it seems that the game was started from the age of ancient Korea called Three-Kingdoms.
The game is played by throwing four sticks, and moving marks on the board according to shapes of the sticks that fell down.
During Korean New Year, many people play the game because it can be enjoyed anywhere by players of any age.
The equipment of the game consists of a board, four yut sticks, and four marks, called mal, per each team.
The board, which is normally rectangular shaped, is made of various materials like stitched cloth, paper, or leather.
It includes a circle with a cross in the center, and 28 circles around this cross.
The sticks determine how far a mal can advance.
The stick has two sides; one is round, and the other flat.
It is usually made of wood from chestnut trees.
Players can move their mal from one circle to another, based on the results that their sticks indicate.
Any item can be used for a mal, if it can be distinguished from the mal of opposite teams.
The facing of the sticks after being thrown indicate the movements of each team’s mal.
There are five possibilities: do, gae, geol, yut, and mo, meaning five livestock, pigs, dogs, cow, sheep, and horses.
Do, when the flat side of only one stick faces upward, means a one-step advance.
When two flat sides are up, it means gae, which is a two-step advance.
Geol is three flat sides up, which is a three-step advance, and yut, where all four sticks are lying flat side up, means a four-step advance.
When all four sticks face round side up, it is mo which means a five-step advance.
Each team normally throw the sticks in turn, but players get one more chance to throw the sticks when they throw a yut or mo.
Players can move only one mal per each movement, unless mals are grouped in one.
When a mal reaches the big circles in the center, or reaches the others in each corner, players can move their mal in a shortcut.
There are four possible routes to move mal when considering shortcuts.
When a mal reaches a circle that is already occupied by a mal of an opposing team, the mal of the opposing team is captured by the new mal, and must restart from the starting point.
If a mal lands on a circle with another mal of same team, the two mals can make a group, and move together.
The first team causing all of their mals to reach the starting point again becomes the winner of game.
Kim Sang-hoon "Yut playing, a traditional four-stick game" http://www.prkorea.com/engnews/index.cgi?action=detail&number=398&thread=10r01
http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=251024
http://www.gwangcheon.es.kr/bosco/min38.htm
Sujebi () is a traditional Korean soup.
It is a Korean-style pasta soup consisting of hand-torn dough flakes with various vegetables and has been eaten from the early Goryeo period.
In ancient times, when the Korea people were poor, they didn't have much foodstuffs and so made sujebi with small quantity of dough and leftover vegetables.
In addition, rice was rare after the Korean War, so many people ate sujebi instead of rice because wheat flour was cheaper at that time.
However, sujebi with various kinds of ingredients was considered a special food, so it was eaten on special days like a celebration day or feast.
Nowadays, there are many kinds of sujebi and many people enjoy it as a health food.
It is similar to another Korean traditional food Kalguksu, but Kalsuksu is made with noodles while sujebi is made with wheat flakes.
Both of them are considered as proper food for a rainy day due to its hot and rich flavored broth.
It is usually eaten with kimchi.
It was during the mid Joseon period that sujebi was named.
Its name was originally came from Chinese letter 手(su, 수) meaning ‘hand’ and 摺(jeop, 접) meaning ‘folding’.
The pronunciation has been changed as time passes for the ease of articulation.
It is called differently depending on the regions, but sujebi is the standard word and most commonly used.
Generally, there are two kinds of sujebi depending on the type of broth.
One is with Korean clear soup, and the other is with seaweed soup.
In the former one, dough flakes are roughly torn by hand, whereas in the latter one, dough flakes are round shaped.
This round-shaped dough is called "Saeal"(새알 in Korean).
When people order or make sujebi, it usually refers to the former one in Korea.
Then, it is again classified as various types depending on other ingredients.
Typically, there are potato sujebi which includes potatoes and seafood sujebi with seafood.
However, many restaurants are making new sujebi variations to attract customers these days.
Kim Gu (Hangul: 김구, July 11, 1876 – June 26, 1949) was a Korean independence activist and politician.
He was the President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea three times.
Kim was the 6th, 12th, and 13th (and final) president.
He was the leader of the Korean independence movement against Japanese Imperialism and a reunification activist.
Kim was also called Baekbeom.
It was his pen name.
He is a well respected person to many Korean people.
Prime Minister 1921 to 1927 and Interior Minister of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 1923 to 1924.
Kim was born in Hwanghae, Korea in 1876.
At the age of 15, he studied the Chinese language. (
한학; 漢學).
In 1893, he joined the Donghak movement.
He became the regional leader for Haeju.
The next year, while he was leading the Donghak Peasant Revolution, he went to Manchuria to escape from Japanese soldiers.
In 1896, he returned to Korea and killed Josuke Tsuchida, a Japanese soldier.
He killed Tsuchida as revenge for the 1895 assassination of Empress Myeongseong of the Korean Empire.
Empress Myeongseong was killed by Miura Goro, a Japanese assassin.
After the March 1st Movement in 1919, Kim Gu exiled himself to Shanghai, China.
He joined the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.
From that time, he started fighting against Japanese Imperialism.
He wanted independence for Korea.
He organized the Korea Patriotic Legion.
It was a nationalist group.
He told Yoon Bong-Gil to bomb the ceremony for the Emperor's birthday at Hongkeou Park in Shanghai.
Also, he had Lee Bong-chang try to kill the Japanese Emperor Hirohito in Tokyo.
This ended up with failure.
Kim also created the Korean Liberation Army.
He was re-elected several times as the leader of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.
After the independence of Korea on 15 August 1945, he came back to Seoul.
He worked as a right-wing politician with Lee Seung Man and Kim Kyu-sik.
He tried to prevent the division of the Korean peninsula.
In 1948, he tried to stop South Korea’s national election and to start negotiations between South and North Korea.
In June 26,1949, Kim was assassinated by a Korean soldier, Ahn Doo-hee.
Ahn was later killed by a taxi driver.
Many people think there must have been a conspiracy.
Some people said that he was ordered by Rhee Syng-man.
It is not known if this is true.
In 1962, he was awarded the Republic of Korea Medal of Order of Merit for National Foundation.
He wrote Baekbeomilji (Journal of Baekbeom).
It is his autobiography.
It is important both historically and education.
His funeral was held at July 5,1949
Autobiography, 《Dowaesilki》(도왜실기, 1932)
《Baikbumilji》(백범일지, 1947)
Definition in Knowledge Encyclopedia (in Chinese)
Korean educators
Southern California is a region of California.
The definitions of it vary, but it usually contains the area around Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as the "Inland Empire" of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties.
Over twenty million people live in Southern California.
A chocolate brownie (or simply called a brownie) is an American dessert or snack made with chocolate.
Its name came from its dark brown color.
It tastes like a cross between a cake and a cookie.
Unlike other cakes, it is baked without baking powder so it is much thicker.
It is normally served cut into squares or rectangles.
It can be eaten as a snack, or with ice cream or whipped cream as a dessert.
There is no clear record of how brownies were first made.
They were first made in the late 1880s.
The first known recipe for brownies was in the 1897 Sears, Roebuck Catalogue.
The most popular story about the origin of the brownie is about a housewife in Bangor, Maine.
It says that the house wife forgot to add baking powder to a chocolate cake she was making.
The cake did not rise but it was still delicious.
Chocolate brownies are also very popular dessert in the United Kingdom.
Types of brownies
There are different types of brownie.
They are either chewy or cake-like depending on the recipe.
Sometimes nuts or chocolate chips are added, or icing or caramel is put on top.
A brownie with brown sugar and no chocolate are sometimes called a blondie.
Sometimes, brownies are crackled on top, which means the inside is extra soft.
Chocolate brownie recipe
A military strategy is a set of ideas or policy used by armed forces to get the results they want.
Strategy is used to win combat, battles and wars.
It involves planning, logistics (the movement and use of forces and equipment), and the deception of the enemy.
For the series as whole, see Civilization (series)
Civilization IV is a strategy computer game released in 2005.
It is build by the company Firaxis Games.
It is a turn based game where the player builds an empire from the ancient era, into the modern era.
In this time, the player is tasked with researching technology, managing a military, declaring war, engaging in diplomacy, spreading religions, managing governmental systems and building wonders of the world.
There is an option as playing as one of 18 historical civilizations, each with at least on historical leader.
Different nations and leaders have different advantages, disadvantages, and special military units to construct.
It has two expansions.
The first was Warlords and the second was Beyond the Sword.
It was released in 7 languages: Chinese, French, German, Spanish, English, Japanese and Italian.
Civilization 4 Review
Civilization series
Printed circuit boards
Trenton-Robbinsville Airport is a privately owned airport in Robbinsville, New Jersey.
It has a 4,275 foot (1,303 meter) long asphalt runway.
Airport Type: Public
Elevation: 119 ft above sea level
Coordinates: 40° 12′ 50.19″ N, 74° 36′ 6.46″ W
FAA Location Identifier: N87
Airport Home Page
Buildings and structures in New Jersey
Jhalawan is a former country.
It was established in the 17th century.
Its boundary was fixed with Sindh in 1853.
The Sarawan Country was a division of the former princely state of State of Kalat in Baluchistan, Pakistan.
Its area was 4,339 square miles.
Swat () was a princely state and is now part of Pakistan.
Swat was part of the Mughal Empire ruled by local Gujar rulers known as Akhoond or Akhwand.
From 1926 until 1947, Swat was a princely state in British Raj, and in 1947 it acceded to Pakistan.
It lay to the north of the modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan until it was dissolved in 1969.
It incorporated the current states of Swat, Buner and Shangla.
Marri-Bugti Country (Marri and Bugti Country) was a tribal region during the British occupation of Baluchistan.
Shirley Jackson (December 14, 1916, San Francisco, California - August 8, 1965, Bennington, Vermont) was an important American author.
A popular writer in her time, her work has received even more attention from literary critics in recent years.
She has influenced such writers as Neil Gaiman, Stephen King, Nigel Kneale and Richard Matheson.
Born Shirley Hardie Jackson in San Francisco in 1916 to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson, Shirley and her family lived in Burlingame, California, an wealthy middle-class suburb.
Shirley spent most of her early life in California.
The Jackson family then moved to Rochester, New York, where Shirley attended Brighton High School and graduated in 1934.
For college, she first attended the University of Rochester before graduating from Syracuse University in 1940.
She got married in 1940 to Stanley Edgar Hyman who met in campus literary magazine, literary critic, and have four children who are Laurence (Laurie), Joanne (Jannie), Sarah (Sally), and Barry.
The Hyman family lived in Vermont, in a quiet rural community and far away from city life.
In 1965, Shirley Jackson died of heart failure in her sleep at the age of 48.
Shirley suffered all through her life from various neuroses and psychosomatic illness.
These illnesses, along with the various prescription drugs used to treat them, overweight and heavy smoking, may have led to her declining health and early death.
She is best known for "The Lottery" (1948), which suggests a deeply unsettling dark underside in human nature who lives in suburban small-town in America.
This is easily the best adaptation of the famed Shirley Jackson short story, first published in The New Yorker (June 28, 1948).
Jackson may even have taken pleasure in the destructive impact of her work, as evidenced by Hyman's statement that she "was always proud that the Union of South Africa banned "The Lottery", and she felt that they at least understood the story.
Larry Yust made this story into a short film which was banned in Boston.
With information for Jackson's first novel, The Road Through the Wall (1948), her husband who also is a literary critic, described Shirley Jackson as someone who practiced witchcraft.
Shirley later wrote about witchcraft accusations in her book for young readers, The Witchcraft of Salem Village (1956).
Her other novels include Hangsaman (1951), The Bird's Nest (1954), The Sundial (1958) and The Haunting of Hill House (1959), regarded by many as one of the important horror novels of the 20th Century.
When the Hymans eventually settled in Vermont, Shirley continued to publish novels and short stories while caring for their children Laurence, Joanne, Sarah and Barry.
Eventually her four children would come to their own brand of literary characters as fictionalized versions of themselves in their mother's short stories; In a series of the short stories, later collected in the books Life Among the Savages and Raising Demons, she presented a fictionalized version of her marriage and the experience of raising four children.
In addition to her adult literary novels, Shirley also wrote a children's novel, Nine Magic Wishes as well as a children's play based on Hansel and Gretel and entitled The Bad Children.
Shirley Jackson Awards
The first annual Shirley Jackson Awards for "outstanding achievement in the literature of psychological suspense, horror and the dark fantastic" were presented July 20, 2008.