the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The first Super Smash Bros. Brawl trailer , as seen at E3 2006, at the game's official website.
Pit's descent from Angel Land  on Super Smash Bros. Brawl official website
fr:Kid Icarus#Scénario
Solomonovo – karpataljaturizmus.net
Solomonovo (Соломоновo) of Ukraine 1:100,000 topographic maps
Villages in Ukraine
Zakarpattia Oblast (, translit. ; ,
translit. ; ; ;
also referred to as the Transcarpathian Oblast, Transcarpathia, Zakarpattya, or historically Subcarpathian Rus) is an administrative oblast (province) in western Ukraine.
Its administrative center is the city of Uzhhorod.
Other major cities within the oblast include Mukachevo, Khust, Berehove and Chop which is home to railroad transport infrastructure.
Zakarpattia Oblast was formally established on January 22, 1946 after the incorporation of Subcarpathian Rus lands to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
During the Ukrainian independence referendum held in 1991, Zakarpattia Oblast voters were given a separate option on whether or not they favored  autonomy for the region.
Although a large majority favored autonomy, it was not granted.
Zakarpattia Oblast is in the Carpathian Mountains landscape of western Ukraine, and is the only Ukrainian administrative division which borders upon four countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania.
The Carpathian Mountains play a major part in the oblast's economy, making the region an important tourist and travel destination housing many ski and spa resorts.
The oblast is ranked 23rd by area and 17th by population.
According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census, the population of Zakarpattia Oblast is 1,254,614.
Excluding Ukrainians, this total includes people of many different nationalities of which Hungarians, Romanians and Rusyns constitute significant minorities in some of the province's cities, while in others, they form the majority of the population (as in the case of Berehove).
Zakarpattia Oblast has a total area of 12,800 km² and is in the Carpathian Mountains region of western Ukraine.
It is the only Ukrainian oblast to have boundaries with four countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania.
On the West it borders the Prešov and Košice Regions of Slovakia and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Counties of Hungary, on the South—the Satu Mare and Maramureş Counties of Romania, on the East and Northeast—Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, and on the North—Lviv Oblast and the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of Poland.
Zakarpattia Oblast mostly consists of mountains and small hills covered with deciduous and coniferous forests, as well as alpine meadows.
Mountains cover about 80% of the oblast's area, and cross from North-East to South-East.
The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians, part of which are within Zakarpattia Oblast, were recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007.
The largest rivers that flow through the oblast include the Tysa, Borzhava, and the Tereblia.
The region's climate is moderate and continental with about 700-1000 millimetres of rainfall per year.
The average temperature in summer is +21°С (70°F) and -4°С (25 °F) in winter.
With a total height of , Hoverla, part of the Chornohora mountain range, is the tallest point in the oblast.
The lowest point, 101 metres above sea level, is in the village of Ruski Heyevtsi in the Uzhhorodskyi Raion.
Zakarpattia was part of Kingdom of Hungary, later Austria-Hungary until the latter's demise at the end of World War I. This region was briefly part of the short-lived West Ukrainian National Republic in 1918 and occupied by Romania at end of that year.
It was later recaptured by Hungary in the summer of 1919.
Finally, it joined the newly formed Czechoslovakia as Subcarpathian Rus, of which it formed one of the four main regions, the others being Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia.
During the World War II German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the southern part of the region was awarded to Hungary under the First Vienna Award in 1938.
The remaining portion was constituted as an autonomous region of the short-lived Second Czecho-Slovak Republic.
After the occupation of Bohemia and Moravia on March 15, 1939 and the Slovak declaration of an independent state, Ruthenia declared its independence (Republic of Carpatho-Ukraine) but it was immediately occupied and later annexed by Hungary.
During the German occupation of Hungary in 1944, almost the entire Jewish population was deported; few survived the Holocaust.
When the Soviet Army crossed the pre-1938 borders of Czechoslovakia in 1944, Soviet authorities refused to allow Czechoslovak governmental officials to resume control over the region, and in June 1945, President Edvard Beneš formally signed a treaty ceding the area to the Soviet Union.
It was then incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR.
After the break-up of the Soviet Union, it became part of independent Ukraine as Zakarpattia Oblast.
The province has a unique footnote in history as the only region in the former Soviet Union to have had an American governor: its first governor was Gregory Zatkovich, an American citizen who had earlier emigrated from the region and represented the Rusyn community in the U.S.  Zatkovich was appointed governor by Czechoslovakia's first president, Tomáš Masaryk, in 1920 and served for about one year until he resigned over differences regarding the region's autonomy.
After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine held an independence referendum in which the residents of Zakarpattia were asked about the Zakarpattia Oblast Council's proposal for self rule.
About 78% of the oblast's population voted in favor of autonomy, however, it was not granted.
There were also propositions of separating from Ukraine to rejoin Czechoslovakia, but after Czechoslovakia's dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on January 1, 1993, these ideas have been rendered largely moot.
On October 25, 2008, delegates to the Congress Of Carpathian Ruthenians declared the formation of the Republic of Carpathian Ruthenia.
The prosecutor’s office of Zakarpattia region has filed a case against Russian Orthodox Church priest Dmytro Sidor and Yevhen Zhupan, an Our Ukraine deputy of the Zakarpattia regional council and chairman of the People’s Council of Ruthenians, on charges of encroaching on the territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine.
Zakarpattia Oblast's local administration is controlled by the Zakarpattia Oblast Council (rada).
The Chairman of the Council is Mykhailo Kichkovskyi, elected from the People's Union "Our Ukraine" party.
Kichkovsky holds this position since his election in April 2006.
The Zakarpattia Oblast Rada consists of a total of 90 deputies.
Based on the March 26, 2006 regional election results, the distribution of the council's mandates is as follows: 30 mandates for the People's Union "Our Ukraine;" 25 for the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc; 7 for the Lytvyn People's Bloc; 5 for the Party of Hungarians of Ukraine "KMKS;" 4 for the Democratic Party of Hungarians of Ukraine; and 4 for the Socialist Party of Ukraine.
Zakarpattia Oblast is administratively subdivided into 13 raions (districts), as well as 5 cities (municipalities) which are directly subordinate to the oblast government: Berehove, Chop, Khust, Mukachevo, and the administrative center of the oblast, Uzhhorod.
There are a total of 7 cities, 19 towns, and more than 579 villages.
Administrative Center — 1 (Uzhhorod);
Raions — 13;
City raions — 0;
Settlements — 609, including:
Villages — 579;
Cities/Towns — 30, including:
Urban-type settlements — 19;
Cities — 11, including:
Cities of oblast' subordinance — 5;
Cities of raion subordinance — 6;
Selsovets — 307.
Raions
Berehivskyi Raion
Irshavskyi Raion
Khustskyi Raion
Mizhhirskyi Raion
Mukachivskyi Raion
Perechynskyi Raion
Rakhivskyi Raion
Svaliavskyi Raion
Tiachivskyi Raion
Velykobereznianskyi Raion
Volovetskyi Raion
Vynohradivskyi Raion
Uzhhorod (118,231)
Mukachevo (81,344)
Khust (27,506)
Berehove (25,288)
Vynohradiv (24,366)
Svaliava (16,217)
Rakhiv (14,416)
Tiachiv (9,256)
Mizhhiria (9,133)
Irshava (9,000)
Velykyy Bychkiv (8,920)
Solotvyno (8,774)
Dubove (8,745)
Velyki Luchky (8,540)
Chop (8,436)
Ilnytsia (8,420)
Bushtyno (8,091)
The current estimated population is 1.2 million people (as of 2004).
Although ethnic Ukrainians are in majority here (80.5%), other ethnic groups are relatively numerous in Zakarpattia.
The largest of these are Hungarians (12.1%), Romanians (2.6%), Russians (2.5%), Roma (1.1%), Slovaks (0.5%) and Germans (0.3%).
The Ukrainian government does not recognize the Rusyn people living in that country as a distinct nationality but rather as an ethnic group of Ukrainians.
About 10,100 people (0.8%) identify themselves as Rusyns according to the last census.
Their languages and culture are respected by the provision of education, clubs, etc.
in their respective languages.
Those who recognize Ukrainian as their native language total 81.0% of the population, Hungarian — 12.7%, Russian — 2.9%, Romanian — 2.6%, and Rusyn — 0.5% Residents in seven of Mukachivskyi Raion's villages have the option to learn the Hungarian language in a school or home school environment.
Zakarpattia is home to approximately 14,000 ethnic Roma (otherwise known as Gypsies), the largest population of Roma in Ukraine.
The first Hungarian College in Ukraine is in Berehovo, the II.
Rákoczi Ferenc College.
Zakarpattia Oblast's economy depends mostly on trans-border trade, vinery and forestry.
The oblast is also home to a special economic zone.
The oblast's main industry includes woodworking.
Other industries include food, light industry, and mechanical engineering.
Segment of foodstuffs in the structure of ware production of national consumption is 45%.
The total number of large industrial organisations is 319, compared to 733 small industrial organisations.
The most common crops grown within the region include cereals, potatoes and other vegetables.
In 1999, the total amount of grain produced was 175,800 tons, of sunflower seeds — 1,300 tons, and potatoes — 378,200 tons.
The region also produced 76,100 tons of meat, 363,400 tons of milk and 241,900,000 eggs.
The total amount of registered farms in the region was 1,400 in 1999.
carpathia.gov.ua — Official website of Zakarpattia Oblast Administration
Verkhovna Rada website  — Zakarpattia Oblast data
Photos and infrastructure objects of Zakarpattia on interactive map (Ukrainian Navigational Portal)
Zakarpattia Early & Recent History, and Photos
all.zakarpattya.net  — All about Zakarpattia
mukachevo.net — Zakarpattia Oblast informational portal
map.meta.ua — Digital map of Zakarpattia Oblast
Zakarpattia Oblast - photographs
Uzhhorodskyi Raion (, ) is one of the raions (districts) of Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine.
It's administrative center is the city of Uzhhorod, also the center of the surrounding oblast.
Administrative divisions of Ukraine
Tisaashvan (; ) is a Ukrainian village.
It is in the Uzhhorodskyi Raion (district) in the Zakarpattia Oblast (province) in western Ukraine.
Tisaashvan (Tiszaásvány) – karpataljaturizmus.net
Tisaashvan (Тисаашвань) of Ukraine 1:100,000 topographic maps
Unassigned employees
Corporate staff
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's roster at TNAWrestling.com
Judgment Day (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on May 17, 2009 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.
The official Judgment Day website
2009 in Illinois
Night of Champions (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on July 26, 2009 at the Wachovia Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
It was the third annual event under the Night of Champions name and the ninth annual event under the Vengeance/Night of Champions chronology.
Similar to the previous two events, the concept of the show was that every championship in the company would be defended.
It featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands.
Eight matches were contested on the card.
Night of Champions will have professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers from the Raw, Friday Night SmackDown, and ECW on Sci Fi brands.
Wrestlers will play a villain or a hero.
All wrestlers will be from WWE's Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands—a storyline division in which WWE employees are assigned to a television program of the same name.
The main rivalry from SmackDown for Night of Champions is between CM Punk and Jeff Hardy in their battle over the World Heavyweight Championship.
One month before the show, at Extreme Rules, Punk used his guaranteed title match he earned by winning the Money in the Bank ladder match against Hardy; he beat him, and won the World Heavyweight title.
The two had many confrontations about it which lead to The Bash and a match that saw Punk get disqualified for kicking the referee.
Then, Hardy attacked Punk because Hardy thought Punk kicked the referee on purpose.
On the July 2 episode of Superstars fans were told that Punk had suffered a storyline eye injury.
Punk's reasoning to Hardy's accusation was that he kicked the referee on accident due to his inability to clearly see Jeff, who he was really trying to kick.
To settle the dispute on to who the rightful champion was, SmackDown general manager, Theodore Long, announced another match between the two at Night of Champions, which was accepted by both competitors.
Raw will be represented by Randy Orton defending the WWE Championship.
After beating Triple H at The Bash, Orton did not have a contender for the championship, so on the June 29 episode of Raw, special guest host of the week, as well as onscreen matchmaker, Batista, said that the title would be defended at Night of Champions against the winner of a single-elimination tournament.
The first two matches of the four-person tournament were that night with Triple H beating Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and John Cena beating The Miz (Mike Mizanin).
Triple H and Cena wrestled each other the next week on Raw, but Orton's allies, Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase, interfered in the match, attacking both Cena and Triple H. Because of that, it was announced Orton would defend the title against both Triple H and Cena in a triple threat match.
2009 in Pennsylvania
2000s in Philadelphia
es:WWE Night of Champions#2009
SummerSlam (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on August 23, 2009 at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California.
It was the 22nd annual SummerSlam event and featured wrestlers from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands.
Eight matches were contested on the event's card.
2009 in California
Survivor Series Elimination Matches
Official Survivor Series website
WWE Survivor Series 2009 Matches
2009 in Washington, D.C.
"Let It Rock" is the first single of Kevin Rudolf from his first album In the City.
Rapper Lil Wayne is featured in the song.
The track was written by Rudolf.
It was used as the theme song for WWE's 2009 Royal Rumble.
Kevin Winston Rudolf (born February 17, 1983) is an American musician, director, actor, and record producer from New York City, New York.
Legacy is a movie starring Haylie Duff and Madeline Zima, due in theaters in 2008.
It was filmed in Los Angeles and concerns a sorority house where one of the rushees is found dead and the primary suspects are three of the most popular girls of the house.
The movie was released Straight to DVD on the 12 August 2008 in the United States and has had mixed reviews from critics.
In some countries like Australia, the movie is also called Pretty Little Devils and was also released straight to video.
Haylie Duff as Lana Stevens
Madeline Zima as Zoey Martin
Jillian Murray as Megen Woods
Tom Green as Detective Strasburg
Margo Harshman as Nina
Monica Lo as Mai
Brett Claywell as Jeff Cook
Kate Albrecht as Katarina "Katie" Whittington
Jane Sibbett as Catherine Whittington
Laura Ashley Innes as Emily Barton
Donnell Rawlings as Det.
Sams
Marisa Guterman as Fanny
Taylor Hoover as Taylor
Brian Tarbox as Partier
Rachel Melvin as Julie
Joseph Ferrante as Officer Santocki
Ezekiel Hart created a brewery with his brothers in Trois-Rivières and, on April 11, 1807 was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
Because he was Jewish, he swore his oath on a Hebrew Bible, instead of a Christian Bible, and while wearing a kippah.
At the time, British laws did not let Jews have important positions like these, and Hart was expelled from the assembly.
He was elected again in 1808 and expelled again.
He did not run for public office again.
He continued to live in Trois-Rivières where he was a successful businessman and well-respected member of the community.
He served in the militia during the War of 1812 and became colonel in 1830.
He came from a very important and rich family.
His father, Aaron Hart, was member of the British forces, and a well-known businessman in Canada.
His brothers, Moses and Benjamin, were important businessmen at Trois-Rivières and Montreal.
His cousin, Henry Judah, later became a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.
Blabbermouth.net is a website that is dedicated to heavy metal and hard rock news, as well as album and music DVD reviews.
Craig '133' Jones also known as 133 (or 133 mHz), The Silent One, or by his number #5, (born on February 11, 1973), is an American musician.
He is best known as the sampler and keyboard player of the metal band, Slipknot.
musicians from Iowa
en:Slipknot (band)#Band members
Michael Shawn Crahan (born on September 24, 1969), is an American musician, music producer, and artist.
He is better known by his stage name "Clown".
He is best known as one of the two custom percussionists of Slipknot.
He looks like a clown when he is wearing his mask.
Colin Richardson (born 31 December 1936 in London) is a British record producer, mixer and recording engineer.
He has worked on about 80 different albums, and is most frequently associated with hard rock and heavy metal music.
Colin Richardson myspace page
Colin Richardson production discography
Dave Fortman (born July 11, 1967) is an American music producer.
He used to play rhythm guitar in California-based hard rock band, Ugly Kid Joe, through the 1990s.
Fortman also co-owns a recording studio called Balance Productions which is in Louisiana.
He recently worked with Slipknot on their new fourth studio album called All Hope Is Gone.
Official Ugly Kid Joe MySpace page
Balance Productions
Ugly Kid Joe Fan Site
A sampler is an electronic musical instrument that is similar to the synthesizer.
What a sample does is that instead of creating sounds from scratch however, a sampler starts with more than one recording (or "samples") of different sounds added by the user, and then plays each back based on how the instrument is configured.
Because these samples are usually stored in RAM, the information can be quickly accessed.
Headbangers Ball is a television program about heavy metal and hardcore punk music airing on MTV2, and other channels.
Official show sites
United States  – Official blog
Myspace site
Official site for albums spawned from Headbangers Ball
Jump The Shark – Headbangers Ball
Headbangers Ball Tribute Site
A solar cooker is a device that uses energy from sunlight.
They use no fuel and cost nothing to run.
They also help slow deforestation and desertification.
Another benefit of solar cooking is that unlike cooking with fire, Solar cookers don't pollute the air.
Solar cookers are also sometimes used for cooking outside, especially when using fire is risky or there is no fuel.
The solar cooker is very useful.
It is a renewable source of energy
Solar box cookers can be made of materials or be manufactured in a factory for sale.
There are many kinds of solar box cookers, from small cardboard boxes, that can be used to cook a single meal, to wood and glass boxes built into the sunny side of a house.
Although the solar cooker was invented by Horace de Saussure, a Swiss naturalist, as early as 1767, solar box cookers have only become popular since the 1970s.
They are found in almost every country of the world.
A house of mirrors or hall of mirrors is a traditional attraction at carnivals and amusement parks.
The phonograph is a device for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound.
It was the most common device for playing recorded music from the 1870s through the 1980s.
It was invented by Thomas Edison, after other inventors had studied the idea.
Early phonographs recorded sound on cylinders, in addition to playing sound.
In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910) or, since the 1940s, a record player.
Thomas Edison made his first phonograph with the mouth piece of the early telephone and some tinfoil.
He thought he could talk into the mouth piece to make a disk vibrate, as the disk vibrated a needle would put grooves in the tinfoil.
When Edison adjusted the machine to play and cranked the lever, he was surprised to hear his voice play back to him.
He said his ideas rarely worked the first time.
These cylinders could record sound, but due to their cylindrical shape, they could not be copied cheaply with a mold.
The phonograph was soon replaced by the graphophone by Alexander Graham Bell in his Volta Laboratory.
Later it was replaced with the disc phonograph, cassette tapes, compact discs, audio files and other devices.
These later inventions made stereo sound.
The gramophone, invented by Emile Berliner, plays sounds from a flat disk record.
The record is placed onto the turntable.
The turntable spins the record while a lever with a small needle on the bottom lies between the little grooves in the disk.
When the grooves make the needle vibrate, music is played.
These machines do not record, but the disks could be copied quickly onto vinyl disks in a factory with a mold, called a master.
The Social Democratic Party is a big political party in Romania.
It started in January of 2001.It has been in a political association called "Uniunea Socială Liberală" along with the National Liberal Party that in 2014 has ended.
Now it is in association with PC and UNPR (commonly known as USD).
2000s establishments in Romania
James Dewees (born March 13, 1976) is an American musician who has been involved in many musical projects including The Get Up Kids, Reggie and the Full Effect, Coalesce, New Found Glory, and My Chemical Romance.
Greatest Hits 1984-1987 (April 20, 1999)
Promotional Copy (April 25, 2000)
Under the Tray (February 18, 2003)
Songs Not to Get Married To (March 29, 2005)
Last Stop: Crappy Town (June 17, 2008)
No Country for No Musicians (November 19, 2013)
41 (February 23, 2018)
Resaca Confederate Cemetery in Resaca, Georgia is home to over 400 confederate soldiers who died during the American Civil War, also known as the War Between the States.
This particular cemetery is designated for the soldiers that fought in the Battle of Resaca which took place May 14 and 15, 1864.
Although the battle lasted two days, there are only three graves where the death date is listed as May 15, 1864.
The remaining graves are listed as May 14, 1864.
There are 424 graves marked 'unknown'.
After the battle, a family known as the Green family returned to their plantation and the sight that met them there was almost more than they could bear.
The bodies of confederate soldiers were buried in crude makeshift graves all across the yard.
Compelled by a since of respect to those who had fallen in action, Mary J. Green and her sister began collecting the bodies to bury properly.
Though poverty was rampant the Green daughters wrote friends asking for any amount money they could give.
John Green gave his daughters 2.5 acres of land for use as a cemetery for these soldiers.
With the money collected and the land provided, the Green daughters and their mother began work on what we now call the Resaca Confederate Cemetery.
The Resaca Confederate Cemetery was founded on October 25, 1866.
This cemetery and one in Winchester, Virginia were both dedicated on the same day.
Each group thought they were the first confederate cemetery.
Cemeteries in the United States
Buildings and structures in Georgia (U.S. state)
Palm Sunday is a Christian festival.
It is always happens on a Sunday but the date each year changes.
It is a day to celebrate the day that Jesus entered the city of Jerusalem in Israel as was written about in the Bible in Mark 11:1-11, Matthew 21:1-11, Luke 19:28-44, and in John 12:12-19.
During Palm Sunday many Christians celebrate with Crosses made out of Palm leaves and by going to church.
Many Christian churches mark Palm Sunday as the beginning of Holy Week which ends on Easter Sunday.
It is an event celebrated by some churches by cutting branches of palm trees and attending mass.
Palm Sunday is celebrated by most Christian churches all over the world including Roman Catholics and Protestants.
However, Orthodox churches observe Palm Sunday at a later date following the Julian calendar.
In some countries, palm leaves that were blessed during mass are displayed on the door of their houses believing that it will also bring blessings to their household.
Some churches traditionally gather the palm leaves to be burned and used during the Ash Wednesday services.
BBC - Palm Sunday
Christian calendar for 2009
In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer.
This is called passive solar design or climatic design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it doesn't involve
The key to designing a passive solar home is to best take advantage of the local climate.
Elements to be considered include window placement and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading.
Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or "retrofitted".
Moraceae are often called the mulberry family or fig family, is a family of flowering plants comprising about 40 genera and over 1000 species.
Included are well-known plants such as the fig, banyan, breadfruit, mulberry, and osage-orange.
Ulmaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes the elms (genus Ulmus), and the zelkovas (genus Zelkova).
Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the north temperate zone, and have a scattered distribution elsewhere except for Australasia.
Vickie Lynn Guerrero (maiden name Lara)(born March 16, 1968) is an American professional wrestling authority figure.
She is best known for her time with the WWE.
She is the widow of professional wrestler and WWE Hall of Famer Eddie Guerrero.
During her time in the WWE, she was known for yelling the catchphrase "Excuse Me!"
which received negative reactions from the fans.
She was also an occasional wrestler.
she was also a manger for laycool
On June 23, 2014 episode of Raw, Guerrero was fired after she lost a pudding match against Stephanie McMahon with her job on the line.
McMahon won with help from Alicia Fox, Layla, and Rosa Mendes.
Guerrero would get revenge on McMahon by throwing her into mud pool.
She then pointed to the sky, said "this was for you"; as a tribute to her late husband, Eddie, and did Eddie's taunt before leaving.
Most developing countries have good renewable energy resources, including solar energy, wind power, geothermal energy, and biomass.
These can help developing countries reduce their dependence on oil and natural gas.
Investments in renewables can be less expensive than fossil fuel energy systems.
Importance of renewables
Renewable energy can be particularly suitable for developing countries.
In rural and remote areas, transmission and distribution of energy generated from fossil fuels can be difficult and expensive.
Producing renewable energy locally can offer a viable alternative.
Poverty reduction
Renewable energy projects in many developing countries contribute to poverty alleviation by providing the energy needed for creating businesses and employment.
Renewable energy technologies can also make indirect contributions to alleviating poverty by providing energy for cooking, space heating, and lighting.
Renewable energy can also contribute to education, by providing electricity to schools.
Renewable energy for cooking and heating can reduce the time that children, spend out of school collecting fuel.
In addition, the displacement of traditional fuels reduces the health problems from indoor air pollution produced by burning those fuels.
Renewable energy can also contribute to better health by providing energy to refrigerate medicine and sterilize medical equipment.
It can also provide power for supplying the fresh water and sewerage services needed to reduce infectious disease.
Kenya is the world leader in the number of solar power systems installed per capita.
More than 30,000 small solar panels, each producing 12 to 30 watts, are sold in Kenya
annually.
For an investment of as little as $100 for the panel and wiring, the PV system can be used to charge a car battery, which can then provide power to run a fluorescent lamp or a small television for a few hours a day.
More Kenyans adopt solar power every year than make connections to the country’s electric grid.
Ashden Awards for Sustainable Energy
Solar powered refrigerator
Solar Offers A Future for Kenya’s Youth
Clean Energy Investment
The Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) Tackles Energy Poverty
Milk Cooler Powered by Renewable Energy Could Help Ugandan Dairy Farmers
The Yom Kippur War (also known as the Ramadan War and the October War) was a war between Israel and a group of Arab countries led by Egypt and Syria.
The war took place from October 6-24, 1973.
The war began on the Jewish day of repentance of Yom Kippur in 1973, and it happened during the Muslim month of Ramadan.
The attack by Egypt and Syria was a surprise to Israel after Israel conquered the Sinai peninsula and the Golan Heights from Egypt in 1967.
Egypt's army entered the Sinai Peninsula to retrieve their land from Israel.
The Sinai and the Golan Heights previously belonged to Egypt and Syria, but they were occupied by Israel since 1967 during the Six Day War.
Syria's aim of the war was to liberate all of the Golan Heights.
During the first few days of the war, Egypt and Syria scored astounding victories.
Israel was shocked by the attack and was on the verge of defeat.
The first Israeli counterattacks failed against both Egypt and Syria.
However, Israeli attacks later repelled the Syrian forces and pushed them back further into Syria.
The Iraqi army joined the war with Syria and the Israeli army stopped advancing.
On the Egyptian front, Israel's attacks against Syria had served as a 'distraction' against the Egyptian offense.
This allowed the Egyptian army to dig deeper into Sinai, around 12 km, an extra 2 km to the original 10 km plan.
Israel feared a massive military defeat and so called on America for aid.
Initially, America refused so Israel threatened to use its nuclear weapons, this threat was enough to persuade President Richard Nixon to send aid to Israel.
America conducted Operation Nickel Grass, which gave Israel a resupply of 20 tons of military equipment and ammunition.
This vital to Israel and it allowed Israel to continue fighting .
Henry Kissinger, However, this was later denied.
The Egyptian army crossed the Suez Canal on October 6 and destroyed the Israeli defenses and forts on the other side.
Israel tried for the next few days to defeat the Egyptians and push them back behind the canal.
However the Israelis could not push them back.
The United States of America started sending ammunition and weapons to Israel using airplanes to help the Israeli army win the war in Operation Nickel Grass.
Syria soon pleaded Egypt to attack Israel to lessen the pressure on it.
On October 14, Egypt attacked again, trying to advance even more into the Sinai.
Israel defeated the attack, and the Egyptians lost about 250 tanks.
After this, the Israelis attacked again.
After heavy fighting, they crossed the canal at its center, between two Egyptian armies.
They advanced north and south.
They kept moving south until the reached the city of Suez, and they trapped a large Egyptian force on the eastern side of the canal, in the Sinai.
The Israelis tried to capture Suez, but they were defeated.
They also failed to advance north.
They reached an area 101 kilometers from Cairo, the capital of Egypt.
The United Nations passed a resolution in the security council that asked all the countries to bring a temporary stop to the war (called a 'ceasefire').
The Arab countries and Israel agreed.
However the ceasefire failed when the Israeli army advanced south to reach Suez.
After this, the Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev, said to the US president that if the US did not send troops that he would send Soviet troops to the area.
This was believed to be a threat and the United States put their military on full nuclear alert.
Because of this tension between the United States and the Soviets, Israel agreed to a ceasefire, and the war ended.
It was the closest the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, had been to nuclear war (and World War III) since the Cuban Missile Crisis of the 1960s.
The war ended on October 26, 1973.
After the war, Egypt and Israel negotiated.
They reached an agreement to separate their forces.
The agreement led to Israel retreating behind the Suez Canal.
The Egyptian forces stayed in the Sinai near the canal and did not retreat from the places they captured.
There was a large distance between Egyptian and Israeli forces in the Sinai as part of the agreement.
Israel also held negotiations with Syria and agreed to withdraw from the places the captured in Syria, but they stayed in the Golan Heights.
Egypt and Israel kept their negotiations, and in 1979 they signed the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty.
The treaty brought peace between Israel and Egypt, and Israel retreated from the whole Sinai and returned it to Egypt.
The treaty still holds to this day.no real military victory was ever won; it was a military "stalemate" (where no one won and no one lost).
However the war agreed to be a political victory for the Arabs, especially for Egypt.
Syrians on the other hand do not like to talk about the war as much of it was seen as a defeat rather than a victory or stalemate.
Papaveraceae is a family of flowering plants.
The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, and is also known as the "poppy family".
Most are herbaceous plants, but a few are shrubs and small trees.
Myristicaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants, mostly from Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas.
The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and it is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, the nutmeg (Myristica fragrans).
It has about 21 genera and 520 species.
They are mostly trees and shrubs.
The Dirac delta function, often written as , is a made-up concept by mathematician Paul Dirac.
It is a really pointy and skinny function that pokes out a point along a wave.
Loosely speaking, it has the value of zero everywhere except at , in such a way that the area between the function and the x-axis adds up to 1.
The delta function is often used in sampling theory, where its pointiness is useful for getting clean samples.
The integral of the Dirac delta function is the Heaviside function.
Thus Dirac delta function can be view as the derivative of Heaviside function.
Newton's method provides a way for finding the real zeros of a function.
This algorithm is sometimes called the Newton–Raphson method, named after Sir Isaac Newton and Joseph Raphson.
The method uses the derivative of the function in order to find its roots.
An initial "guess value" for the location of the zero must be made.
From this value, a new guess is calculated by this formula:
Here xn is the initial guess and xn+1 is the next guess.
The function f (whose zero is being solved for) has the derivative f'.
By repeatedly applying this formula to the generated guesses (that is by setting the value of xn to the formula's output and recomputing), the value of the guesses will approach a zero of the function.
Newton's method can be explained graphically by looking at intersections of tangent lines with the x-axis.
First, a line tangent to the f at xn is calculated.
Next, the intersection between this tangent line and the x-axis is found.
Finally, the x-position of this intersection is recorded as the next guess, xn+1.
Problems with Newton's Method
Newton's method can find a solution quickly if the guess value begins sufficiently near the desired root.
However, when the initial guess value is not close, and depending on the function, Newton's method may find the answer slowly or not at all.
Fernández, J. A. E., & Verón, M. Á. H. (2017).
Newton’s method: An updated approach of Kantorovich’s theory.
Peter Deuflhard, Newton Methods for Nonlinear Problems.
Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms, Second printed edition.
Series Computational Mathematics 35, Springer (2006)
Yamamoto, T. (2001). "
Historical Developments in Convergence Analysis for Newton's and Newton-like Methods".
In Brezinski, C.; Wuytack, L. (eds.).
Numerical Analysis : Historical Developments in the 20th Century.
North-Holland.
241–263.
Kantorovich theorem (Statement about the convergence of Newton's method, found by Leonid Kantorovich)
Asimo was a robot that was built by Honda.
The current models could walk, run, and go up and down stairs.
Engineers planned to add laser capabilities.
Its height was 130 centimeters (4 feet 3 inches) and weight 54 kilograms (119 pounds).
Asimo was just like an astronaut wearing a backpack and could walk or run on two feet.
ASIMO was created at Honda's Research & Development Wako Fundamental Technical Research Center in Japan.
Honda will not confirm how much it costs.
ASIMO is an acronym.
ASIMO stands for "Advanced Step in Innovative MObility".
It should be pronounced “ah she moh” to match the original Japanese pronunciation.
Public appearances
Fahrenheit 451 is an American dystopian fiction novel.
It was written by Ray Bradbury and first published in 1953.
The novel is about a future American society in which people are hedonistic (meaning they live only for pleasure), and reading is against the law because it makes them think.
The main character, Guy Montag, has a job as a "fireman" (which, in this future, means "book burner").
The number "451" refers to the temperature (in Fahrenheit) at which the books burn when the "firemen" burn them "for the good of humanity".
Written in the early years of the Cold War, the novel is a critique of what Bradbury saw as an increasingly dysfunctional American society.
The idea began with Bradbury's short story "Bright Phoenix," written in 1947 but first published in the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction in 1963.
The original short story was reworked into the novella, The Fireman, and published in the February 1951 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction.
The novel was also serialized in the March, April, and May 1954 issues of Playboy magazine.
Bradbury wrote the entire novel on a pay typewriter in the basement of UCLA's Powell library.
His original idea in writing Fahrenheit 451 was to show his great love for books and libraries.
He has often referred to Montag as an allusion to himself.
Over the years, the novel has been subject to various interpretations, primarily focusing on the historical role of book burning in suppressing dissenting ideas.
Bradbury has said that the novel is not about censorship; he says that Fahrenheit 451 is a story about how television destroys interest in reading literature, which leads to people thinking that knowledge is made up of "factoids", partial information without context, such as Napoleon's birth date alone, without an indication of who he was.
1953 books
Hugo_Award_winners
Collingwood School is a private school in West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
It teaches from Junior Kindergarten to Grade 12.
Collingwood School was opened in 1984 by West Vancouver and North Vancouver parents who wanted a private school nearby.
The school was named after a ship called the HMCS Collingwood.
The school used the buildings from the old Glenmore Elementary School.
Now the school has buildings in two different parts of West Vancouver.
The "Morven" campus is the oldest part of the school.
This is where they teach the older children, from Grade 6 to Grade 12.
It is in a part of West Vancouver called the British Properties.
The address is 70 Morven Drive, West Vancouver.
The "Wentworth" campus was built later.
This is where they teach the younger children, from Junior Kindergarten to Grade 5.
It is right below Cypress Provincial Park in West Vancouver.
Collingwood School Official Site
Round Square Official Site
1984 establishments in Canada
The stack is one of the most important data structures in computer science.
To understand how a stack works, think of a deck of playing cards that is face down.
We can only easily access the card that is on top.
When we want to look at the top card, there are two things we can do: we can peek at it, but leave it on the stack, or we can pop it off.
When we pop off the top object, we are taking it off the stack.
If we want to add another card to the top of the stack, we push.
A stack is called a last-in-first-out (LIFO) collection.
This means that the last thing we added (pushed) is the first thing that gets pulled (popped) off.
If the last card we put on our stack of cards was an ace, then the first card we pulled from the top is that same ace.
The stack was first proposed in 1955, and then patented in 1957, by the German Friedrich L. Bauer.
The same concept was developed independently, at around the same time, by the Australian Charles Leonard Hamblin.
In modern computer languages, the stack is usually implemented with more operations than just "push" and "pop".
Some implementations have a function which returns the current length of the stack.
Another typical helper operation is "top" (also known as "peek"), which can return the current top element of the stack without removing it.
Another common operation is "dup," which makes a copy of the element at the top of the stack.
A nocturnal emission or wet dream is the condition in which a person has an orgasm while sleeping.
It often leads to ejaculation.
Wet dreams can begin after a person goes through puberty.
Many young people have their first orgasm this way.
They might not understand what has happened to them, if they have not been taught anything about sex.
Nocturnal emissions are called wet dreams in males because of the dampness caused by ejaculation and because the orgasm and ejaculation often happen during a sexually exciting dream.
Scientists are not sure what causes them.
Most sexual dreams do not cause orgasms.
It is harder for women to tell, because vaginal lubrication is not always associated with orgasm.
Wet dreams are natural and harmless.
They do not mean that anything is wrong with you.
Many people stop having wet dreams if they masturbate often, or once they begin having sexual intercourse on a regular basis.
The Tevatron was a giant Particle accelerator in Illinois that was used by scientists to make protons go very fast, almost the speed of light in some cases.
Scientists looked at what happens when the protons hit antiprotons to see if they are right about their ideas as to what protons are made of.
The Tevatron was a circular particle accelerator at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (also known as Fermilab), just east of Batavia, Illinois.
It was the second highest energy particle collider in the world after the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
The Tevatron is a synchrotron that accelerates protons and antiprotons in a 6.28 km (3.90 miles) ring to energies of up to 1 TeV, hence its name.
The Tevatron was completed in 1983 at a cost of $120 million ($ today) and has been regularly upgraded since then. (
The 'Energy Doubler', as it was known then, produced its first accelerated beam — 512 GeV —  on July 3, 1983.)
The Main Injector was the most substantial addition, built over five years from 1994 at a cost of $290 million.
The Tevatron was shut down on September 30, 2011.
The Large Hadron Collider was later built in Switzerland to look for one of those pieces, called the Higgs Boson.
The LHC broke and is now being fixed.
The Tevatron scientists also tried to find the Higgs Boson.
They need to do this before the LHC is fixed, because the LHC is much better at finding things.
The scientists at the Tevatron had a year's headstart on the scientists at the LHC.
Whoever finds the Higgs will be honored by other scientists.
That is why the scientists at the Tevatron wanted to find it before the scientists at the LHC.
The Tevatron discovered three of the 17 fundamental particles including the top quark.
The main ring of the Tevatron will probably be reused in future experiments, and its components may be transferred to other particle accelerators.
A MOSFET is an electronic component that acts as an electrically controlled switch.
MOSFET stands for metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.
Transistors are small electrical devices that are used in alarm clocks, calculators, and, perhaps most famously, computers; they are some of the most basic building blocks of modern electronics.
A few MOSFETs amplify or process analog signals.
Most are used in digital electronics.
MOSFETs act like valves for electricity.
They have one input connection (the "gate") which is used to control the flow of electricity between two other connections (the "source" and "drain").
Said another way, the gate acts as a switch that controls the two outputs.
Think of a dimmable light switch: the knob itself selects 'ON', 'OFF', or somewhere in between, controlling the brightness of the light.
Think of a MOSFET in place of the light switch: the switch itself is the "gate", the "source" is the power coming into the house, and the "drain" is the light bulb.
The name MOSFET describes the structure and the function of the transistor.
MOS refers to the fact that a MOSFET is built by layering metal (the "gate") on oxide (an insulator which prevents the flow of electricity) on semiconductor (the "source" and "drain").
FET describes the action of the gate on the semiconductor.
An electric signal is sent to the gate, which creates an electric field that alters the connection between the "source" and "drain".
Almost all MOSFETs are used in integrated circuits.
As of 2008, it is possible to fit 2,000,000,000 transistors on a single integrated circuit.
In 1970, that number was around 2,000.
Enhancement mode N-Channel MOSFET
The switch between the "source" and "drain" is usually off.
You can turn the switch on by applying a positive voltage to the "gate", so it is higher voltage than the "source".
Enhancement mode P-Channel MOSFET
You can turn the switch on by applying a negative voltage to the "gate", so it is lower voltage than the "source".
Depletion mode N-Channel MOSFET
The switch between the "source" and "drain" is usually on.
You can turn the switch off by applying a negative voltage to the "gate", so it is lower voltage than the "source".
Depletion mode P-Channel MOSFET
You can turn the switch off by applying a positive voltage to the "gate", so it is higher voltage than the "source".
Differences between MOSFETs
A small piece of silicon can have millions of MOSFETs created on it.
This makes an integrated circuit.
See the integrated circuit article for details.
If the MOSFET is partly on, it will reduce the power going through it.
It does that by converting some power into heat.
Even if it is on, it will still convert some power to heat.
The MOSFET has a resistance.
When current flows from the MOSFET's drain to its source, there will be a voltage drop.
Multiply that current and voltage to get the power loss.
That lost power becomes heat.
Smaller MOSFETs warm up and heat the nearby air.
Some MOSFETs must be on a circuit board, which has a larger area to heat more air.
The highest-power MOSFETs must be on a heatsink.
The heatsink is a large piece of metal with fins to transfer the heat to the air over a large area.
They may also need a fan to push lots of air over the heatsink.
Other differences between MOSFETs
There are lots of different MOSFETs available.
When choosing a MOSFET, once you have decided among the 4 main types, there are lots of other things to think about.
Differences between MOSFETs include:
VGSS - The allowed voltage between the gate and source.
If you apply too large a voltage, the MOSFET will break.
VDSS - The allowed voltage between the drain and source.