the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
She joined the school's musical theater program, which she felt being involved in was "meant to be," and that she became part of another family.
In April 2011, She dropped out in favor of homeschooling because she needed to focus on her career and she wanted to avoid insults from her former classmates.
She was also failing English class because of her busy schedule.
1997 births
John B. Bibb (October 27, 1789, in Prince Edward County, Virginia - April 12, 1840) served in the War of 1812, represented Logan County in the Kentucky House of Representatives and the state Senate from 1827 to 1834.
Bibb was also an amateur horticulturist and developed the modern Bibb lettuce at his mansion in Frankfort, Kentucky.
However, it wasn't offered commercially until 1935.
Bing is a cultivar (farmed type) of the wild or sweet cherry (Prunus avium) that started in the Pacific Northwest, in Milwaukie, Oregon, United States.
The Bing remains a major cultivar in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.
It is the most produced variety of sweet cherry in the United States.
Ah Bing
Ah Bing was reportedly born in China and immigrated to the U.S. in about 1855.
He worked as a foreman in the Lewelling family fruit orchards in Milwaukie for about 35 years, supervising other workers and caring for trees.
He went back to China in 1889 for a visit.
Due to the restrictions of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 he never returned to the United States.
Some say Ah Bing developed the cultivar, others that it was developed by Lewelling and named in Bing's honour due to his long service as orchard foreman.
Horticultural production
Bing cherries are used almost exclusively for fresh market.
Bings are large, dark and firm cherries that ship well, but will crack open if exposed to rain near harvest.
A wet climate is required for the harvest of the bing cherry.
Bing cherries are high in anti-oxidants.
A study by the United States Department of Agriculture has shown that fresh Bing cherries may help sufferers of arthritis and gout.
However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warns that these are yet unproven claims.
All about cherries
The Isle of Man Government () is the government of the Isle of Man.
The formal head of the Isle of Man Government is the Lieutenant Governor, representing HM Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann.
The executive head is the Chief Minister.
The Civil Service has more than 2000 employees and the total number of public sector employees including the Civil Service, teachers, nurses, police, etc.
is about 9000 people.
This is somewhat more than 10% of the population of the Island, and a full 23% of the working population.
This does not include any military forces, as defence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom.
Government structure
The Government consists of nine departments, ten statutory boards and three offices all reporting to the Council of Ministers.
The departments all report directly to the Council of Ministers.
Council of Ministers
The Personnel Office
Civil Service Commission
Whitley Council (for manual workers)
Chief Secretary's Office
Financial Supervision Commission
Insurance and Pensions Authority
General Registry
Communications Commission
Department of Education and Children
Department of Economic Development
Office of Fair Trading
Isle of Man Post Office
Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority
Manx Electricity Authority
Department of Community, Culture and Leisure
Department of Infrastructure
Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture
Department of Social Care
Non-departmental bodies
Manx National Heritage is a non-departmental organization, run by trustees appointed by Tynwald.
The Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission is an independent body, originally created in 1960 as the Isle of Man Gaming Board, with members appointed by the Council of Ministers.
The Isle of Man Data Protection Supervisor is responsible for the administration of data protection in the Isle of Man.
Treasury - Hon Anne Craine MHK
Department of Home Affairs - Hon Adrian Earnshaw MHK
Department of Health - Hon David Anderson MHK
Department of Education and Children - Hon Eddie Teare MHK
Department of Economic Development - Hon Allan Bell MHK
Department of Community, Culture and Leisure - Hon David Cretney MHK
Department of Infrastructure - Hon Phil Gawne MHK
Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture - Hon John Shimmin MHK
Department of Social Care - Hon Martyn Quayle MHK
Statutory Boards
Isle of Man Office of Fair Trading
Chairman: Bill Henderson MHK
Chief Executive: Nick Black
Chairman: Rosemary Penn
Chief Executive: John Aspden
Chairman: vacant
Chief Executive: David Vick
Chairman: Alan Crowe MLC
Chief Executive: Bill Collister
Chairman: Tim Crookall MHK
Chief Executive: Patrick Heaton Armstrong
Chairman: Quintin Gill MHK
Chief Executive: Ashton Lewis
Chairman: Adrian Earnshaw MHK (Minister of Home Affairs ex-officio)
Director: Anthony Hewitt
Other Boards and Offices of Government
Chief Registrar: Stephen Cregeen
Chairman: John Houghton MHK
Chief Officer: Brenda Skillicorn
Manx Museum and National Trust (commonly called Manx National Heritage)
Chairman: Martin Moore
Director: Edmund Southworth
Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission
Chairman: Jane O'Rourke
Lieutenant Governor
Before modern times the government of the Isle of Man was in the hands of the Governor (or Lieutenant Governor), who representated the Lord of Man, assisted by his Council, consisting of the other permanent officials (the Bishop, Archdeacon, Deemsters, Attorney General, etc.).
The Council became the Legislative Council, the upper chamber of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man.
After the Revestment (when the rights of the Lord of Man were "placed in" or "vested" in the King of Great Britain) in 1765, the Lieutenant Governor and his officials were the agents of the British Government, and not democratically responsible to the Manx people.
Conflict between the House of Keys (popularly elected after 1866) and the Lieutenant Governor came to a head when Lord Raglan was Lieutenant Governor between 1902 and 1918.
After World War I the Lieutenant Governor gradually gave up control to Tynwald, a process guided by the reports of commissions and other bodies in 1911, 1959 and 1969.
An Executive Council, chaired by him and including members of Tynwald, was established in 1949, and gradually thereafter became the effective government of the Island.
Finance and the police came under local control between 1958 and 1976.
The Lieutenant Governor stopped chairing the Executive Council in 1980, and was replaced by a chairman elected by Tynwald, and the Council was reconstituted in 1985 to include the chairmen of the eight principal Boards; in 1986 they were given the title 'Minister' and the chairman was styled 'Chief Minister'.
In 1990 the Council was renamed the 'Council of Ministers'.
During the 19th century several bodies, which came to be known as 'Boards of Tynwald', were created to exercise functions under democratic control.
These included the Board of Education (1872), Highway Board (1874), Asylums Board (1888), Government Property Trustees (1891) and Local Government Board (1894).
However, although direct taxation was levied by Tynwald, the Boards' freedom of action before the 1960s was limited by the Lieutenant Governor's control of the Island's budget and his power to appoint certain of their members.
Until 1 April 2010 the Departments were as follows.
Created in 1985-87, they were the successors of the former Boards of Tynwald.
Treasury (1985)
Finance Board (1961–1985)
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (1986)
Board of Agriculture (1914–46)
Fishery Conservators (1882–1927), Fisheries Board (1927–46)
Board of Agriculture and Fisheries (1946–86)
Trustees of the Common Lands (1866–1915), Common Lands Board (1915–50), Forestry, Mines and Lands Board (1950–86)
Department of Education (1987)
Board of Education (1872–99), Council of Education (1899–1946), Isle of Man Board of Education (1946–2009) (The Board continued in existence as a popularly elected body, but with reduced functions, after the Department of Education was created in 1987; it was not finally dissolved until June 2009.)
Isle of Man Central Education Authority (1920–23), Isle of Man Education Authority (1923–68)
Department of Health and Social Security (1986)
Asylums Board (1888–1932), Mental Hospital Board (1932–48), Isle of Man Health Services Board (1948–86)
Old Age Pensions and National Health Insurance Board (1920–39), Health Insurance and Pensions Board (1939–46), Isle of Man Board of Social Services (1946–70), Isle of Man Board of Social Security (1970–86)
Department of Transport (1986) (originally Department of Highways, Ports and Properties; renamed 1994)
Committee of Highways (1776–1874), Highway Board (1874–1946), Isle of Man Highway and Transport Board (1946–86)
Commissioners for Harbours (1771–1872), Isle of Man Harbour Commissioners (1872–1948), Isle of Man Harbour Board (1948–86)
Isle of Man Airports Board (1948–86)
Government Property Trustees (1891–1986)
Department of Home Affairs (1986)
Isle of Man Police Board (1962–81), Home Affairs Board (1981–86)
Isle of Man Broadcasting Commission (1965–81)
Civil Defence Commission (1955–81)
Department of Trade and Industry (1986) (originally Department of Industry; renamed 1996)
Industry Board (1981–86)
Department of Local Government and the Environment (1986)
Local Government Board (1894–1946), Isle of Man Local Government Board (1946–86)
Department of Tourism and Leisure (1986) (originally Department of Tourism and Transport; renamed 1994)
Advertising Committee (1897–1904), Board of Advertising (1904–31), Isle of Man Publicity Board (1931–52), Isle of Man Tourist Board (1952–86)
Manx Electric Railway Board (1957–82), Isle of Man Passenger Transport Board (1982–86)
The structure and functions of the Departments were re-organised with effect from 1 April 2010.
The existing Departments, except the Treasury and the Departments of Education and Home Affairs, were dissolved, and the Department of Education was renamed "the Department of Education and Children".
The Departments and their functions are now as follows:
taxation, internal audit, currency, census, elections
passenger transport, culture, sport and recreation
tourism, employment, merchant shipping, civil aviation, trade, industry, intellectual property, companies, information technology, e-business, financial services
agriculture, fisheries, animal health and welfare, plant health, food safety, burial and cremation, water pollution, environmental health, medicinal products
police, fire services, prisons, probation, emergency planning, civil defence
local government, road traffic, highways, harbours, airports, health and safety at work, planning and conservation, building control, waste disposal, public utilities, mines and minerals, licensing and registration of vehicles
social services, social security, mental health, social housing
As noted above, a number of 'Statutory Boards' and 'Commercial Boards' were created at various times.
Some were taken over by the Departments in 1985-1987, but others continued as separate Statutory Boards after 1987:
Isle of Man Office of Fair Trading (1998)
Consumer Council (1972–1981), Board of Consumer Affairs (1981–1998)
Financial Supervision Commission (1982)
Insurance and Pensions Authority (1996)
Insurance Authority (1986–1996)
Isle of Man Post Office (1993)
Isle of Man Post Office Authority (1972–1993)
Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority (2010)
Isle of Man Water Board (1946–1972), Isle of Man Water Authority (1972–1974), Isle of Man Water and Gas Authority (1974–1985), Isle of Man Water Authority (1985–2010)
Isle of Man Gas Authority (1972–1974)
Manx Electricity Authority (1983)
Isle of Man Electricity Board (1932–1984)
Communications Commission (1989)
Telecommunications Commission (1985–1989)
Government of the Isle of Man
Member of the House of Keys, or MHK is the title given to a person who has been elected into the House of Keys, the lower house of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man.
There are twenty-four Members of the House of Keys.
Elections are held every five years; the last election took place in November 2006.
The leader of the House is the Speaker of the House of Keys, Juan Watterson.
The House of Keys is in Douglas, the capital of the Isle of Man.
The Old House of Keys, their former chamber, is in Castletown, the former capital.
en:Member of the House of Keys
Evolutionary developmental biology interprets development in the light of evolution and modern genetics.
It is called for short 'evo-devo'.
In On the Origin of Species (1859), Charles Darwin proposed evolution through natural selection, a theory central to modern biology.
Darwin recognised the importance of embryonic development in the understanding of evolution:
"We can see why characters derived from the embryo should be of equal importance with those derived from the adult, for a natural classification of course includes all ages".
Ernst Haeckel (1866) proposed that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", that is, the development of the embryo of every species (ontogeny) repeats the evolutionary development of that species (phylogeny).
Haeckel's concept explained, for example, why humans, and indeed all vertebrates, have gill slits and tails early in embryonic development.
His theory has since been largely discredited.
The modern evolutionary synthesis
A renewed interest in the evolution of development came after the modern evolutionary synthesis (roughly 1936 to 1947).
The conventional view had been that evo-devo had little influence on the evolutionary synthesis, but the following suggests otherwise.
In Embryos and evolution (1930) Gavin de Beer stressed the importance of heterochrony, and especially paedomorphosis in evolution.
He also conceived the idea of clandestine evolution, which helped to explain the sudden changes in the fossil record which were apparently at odds with Darwin's gradualist theory of evolution.
In 116 pages de Beer brought embryology into the developing orthodoxy... for more than forty years, this book has dominated English thought on the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny".
Stephen Gould p221
Stephen Jay Gould called this approach to explaining evolution as terminal addition; as if every evolutionary advance was added as new stage by reducing the duration of the older stages.
The idea was based on observations of neoteny.
This was extended by the more general idea of heterochrony (changes in timing of development) as a mechanism for evolutionary change.
Neoteny and Man
Even more significant is the way that humans continue to learn and play into adult life, whereas in apes (and other mammals) this kind of behaviour is usually shown only in juveniles.
This strongly suggest that our brain activities are, at least in this respect, more similar to juvenile apes than to adult apes.
Genetics and evo-devo
E.B. Lewis
In a series of experiments with the fruit-fly Drosophila, Edward B. Lewis was able to identify a complex of genes whose proteins bind to the regulatory regions of target genes.
The latter then activate or repress systems of cellular processes that accomplish the final development of the organism.
Each of the genes contains a homeobox, a remarkably conserved DNA sequence, which is similar in many widely different animals.
Carroll, Sean B. 2005.
Endless forms most beautiful: the new science of evo devo.
James Anthony "Tony" Brown (born 5 January 1950) is a Manx politician.
He is the current Chief Minister of the Isle of Man and Member of the House of Keys for Castletown.
Tony Brown was educated at Castle Rushen and was an electrician.
He owned Tony Brown Electrics in Castletown until its closure in 2010.
He was elected as a member of Castletown Commissioners (town council) in 1976, becoming Chairman in 1980 before being elected as the Castletown MHK in 1981 at his first attempt.
In 2000, he was defeated in his attempt to become Speaker of the House of Keys by David Cannan but instead became the Deputy Speaker.
Following the 2001 General Election, he was elected Speaker and in January 2002, Deputy President of Tynwald.
He was reelected in November 2006 as MHK, beating Roy Redmayne by 915 votes to 335.
There was a great deal of rumour that he might run for Chief Minister, but when nominations were put forward his name was not in the list.
There was a round of voting with neither Steve Rodan, John Shimmin nor David Cannan being elected.
Nominations then reopened, with Tony Brown being the only candidate put forward.
His nomination was confirmed by Tynwald on Thursday, 14 December 2006 receiving 27 votes and the Lieutenant Governor appointed him Chief Minister later in the day.
He then resigned the Speakership of the House of Keys as required by law.
Governmental positions
Minister of Health and Social Security, 1986–89
Minister of Local Government and the Environment, 1989–94
Minister of Tourism and Leisure, 1994–96
Minister of Transport, 1996–2001
Chief Minister, 2006–
Brown Council
Manx politicians
The Chief Minister (Manx: Ard-choylargh) is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.
He is the Prime Minister of the island.
The office comes from that of Chairman of the Executive Council.
Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but afterwards the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man.
The title was changed to "Chief Minister" in 1986.
The Chief Minister is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor on the nomination of Tynwald after a general election of the House of Keys.
He holds office until the next general election (i.e., for 5 years), and is eligible for re-appointment, but may be removed from office by Tynwald on a vote of no confidence in the Council of Ministers.
After the general election in November 2006, Mr John Shimmin MHK, Mr Stephen Rodan MHK (Minister for Health and Social Security) and Mr David Cannan MHK (former Minister for the Treasury) tried to become Chief Minister, but none got enough votes in Tynwald.
On a second vote Mr Tony Brown (Speaker of the House of Keys) was nominated unopposed.
Chief Ministers
Miles Walker MHK (December, 1986 - December 3, 1996)
Donald Gelling MLC (December 3, 1996 - December 4, 2001)
Richard Corkill MHK (December 4, 2001 - December 14, 2004)
Allan Bell MHK (December 14, 2004, caretaker as Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
Donald Gelling MLC (December 14, 2004 - December 14, 2006)
Tony Brown MHK (December 14, 2006 – Present)
Chairman of the Executive Council
The Lieutenant Governor () is the representative on the Isle of Man of the Lord of Mann, who is currently Queen Elizabeth II.
He/she has the power to grant Royal Assent and is styled His Excellency.
The Lieutenant Governor had all judicial, fiscal (tax raising) and executive power.
In about 1900 they had more power over the island than any other Commonwealth leader had in their colony or Dominion.
However, he lost his role as Head of the Judiciary and as Head of Government in 1961, as President of Legislative Council in 1980 and finally as President of Tynwald in 1990.
Today the role of Lieutenant Governor is mainly ceremonial.
Some powers under Isle of Man legislation do still fall to the Governor or Governor-in-Council.
Proposed change to title
In October 2005 Tynwald wanted to change the title of the Lieutenant Governor to Crown Commissioner.
This proposal was sent to the British Department of Constitutional Affairs  for submission to the Lord of Mann Elizabeth II for approval.
However, in April 2006, after much public disapproval, Tynwald rejected their own proposal and withdrew their request for Royal Assent.
Thus the Lieutenant Governor will remain as currently titled.
List of lieutenant governors
Henry Hope (1773-1775)
Richard Dawson (1775-1790)
Alexander Shaw (1790-1804)
Henry Murray (1804-1805)
Cornelius Smelt (1805-1832)
Major General The Honourable John Ready (1832-1845)
The Honourable Charles Hope (1845-1860)
Mark Hildesley Quayle (1860) acting
Francis Pigott Stainsby Conant (1860-1863)
Mark Hildesley Quayle (1863) acting
Sir Henry Brougham Loch KCB, Baron Loch (1863-1882)
Sir Spencer Walpole (1882-1893)
Joseph West Ridgeway (1893-1895)
John Henniker-Major, 5th Baron Henniker (1895-1902)
George Fitzroy Henry Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan (1902-1918)
William Fry (1918-1925)
Claude Hill (1925-1932)
Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler (1932-1937)
Vice Admiral William Spencer Leveson-Gower, the Earl Granville, KG, KCVO, CB, DSO (1937-1945)
Air Vice Marshal Sir Geoffrey Rhodes Bromet, KBE, CB, DSO (1945-1952)
Sir Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas, KCIE, CSI (1952-1959)
Sir Ronald Herbert Garvey, KCMG, KCVO (1959-1966)
Sir Peter Hyla Gawne Stallard, KCMG, CVO, MBE (1966-1974)
Sir John Warburton Paul, GCMG, OBE, MC (1974-1980)
Rear Admiral Sir Nigel Cecil, KBE, CB (1980-1985)
Major General Sir Laurence New, CB, CBE (1985-1990)
Air Marshal Sir Laurence Jones, KCB, AFC (1990-1995)
Sir Timothy Daunt, KCMG (1995-2000)
Air Marshal Ian David Macfadyen, CB, OBE (2000-2005)
Deemster Michael Kerruish QC (2005) acting
Vice Admiral Sir Paul Kenneth Haddacks, KCB (2005-2011)
Adam Kenneth Compton Wood (2011 - 2016)
Sir Richard Hugh Turton Gozney, KCMG CVO KStJ (2016-present)
Governors of the Isle of Man
King of Mann
Lieutenant Governors of the Isle of Man, List of
David Doyle QC was the First Deemster of the Isle of Man.
He was appointed in 2010  and used to be a partner of in the law firm of Dickinson, Cruickshank & Co from 1985 - 2010.
He was called to the Bar (Gray's Inn) in 1982 and the Manx Bar in 1984.
In November 2010 it was announced that he would take up the position of First Deemster following the death of Michael Kerruish earlier in the year.
Doyle was sworn in on December 20, 2010.
His appointment ended on July 31st 2018.
Nova Bus is a company which makes buses for public transit, and is owned by Volvo.
Created in 1993, Nova Bus continued the production of the Classic and Rapid Transit Series models previously made by General Motors and Motor Coach Industries.
Nova Buses are used in many cities across North America, including New York, Quebec City, Montreal and Calgary.
A deemster () is a judge in the Isle of Man.
The Isle of Man is self-governing.
It keeps some of its traditions, and has a long past history.
The High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man is presided over by a deemster.
In the appeal division, a deemster and the Judge of Appeal preside.
The deemsters also make the Isle of Man's laws official, by reading them out to the people in English and Manx on Tynwald Day.
The First and Second Deemsters used to have seats in the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man.
The Second Deemster lost his seat in 1965, and the First Deemster lost his in 1975.
There are currently three full time Deemsters in the Isle of Man.
These are the First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls (who is also the Deputy Governor), the Second Deemster, and an additional full-time Deemster.
Additional deemsters, full-time or part-time, may be appointed from time to time.
The offices of First Deemster, Second Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls are ancient offices.
The offices of First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls were joined in 1918.
A new office of Deputy Deemster was created in 2002, but abolished in 2009.
The First Deemster, Second Deemster and Judge of Appeal are appointed by the monarch, (acting on the advice of the UK's Secretary of State for Justice).
The First Deemster acts in place of the Lieutenant Governor in the latter's absence, or during a vacancy in that office.
Isle of Man Courts
The coat of arms of the Isle of Man, or The Arms of Her Majesty in right of the Isle of Man (their formal name as the Isle of Man is a Crown dependency).
The arms were adopted on 12 July 1996.
The Arms of Her Majesty in right of the Isle of Man were granted by Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann on 12 July 1996.
They are a form of the traditional arms.
It has a threefold rotational symmetry.
The traditional arms date back to the 13th century.
The arms are recorded in the English Walford's Roll, and Camden Roll, as well as the French Wijbergen Roll.
In the Camden Roll the arms are shown as: gules, three mailed  legs embowed, and conjoined at the thighs, argent; the original Norman French blazon reads: "l'escu de gules, a treis iambes armes".
or Red, 3 bent legs in armour, joined at the top of the thighs, silver.
The escutcheon is emblazoned: Gules a triskele argent garnished and spurred Or.
The triskele (or triskelion) is an ancient symbol, consisting of three branches or legs, that radiate from a centre.
The symbol is found on the Isle of Man, and earlier on Sicily.
The Manx triskelion is known in the Manx language as tre cassyn "the three legs".
The symbol has been associated with the island since at least the 13th century.
It is unknown how the tre cassyn were originally adopted, and several theories have been put forward their origin.
In 1607, English historian William Camden stated that the tre cassyn were derived from the Sicilian triskelion.
In 1885 John Newton considered the tre cassyn to have originated in the mid 13th century, when the Pope offered the throne of Sicily to Edmund, son of King Henry III of England.
Newton noted that the wife of King Alexander III of Scotland was Henry's daughter, and that Alexander visited the English court in 1255.
Later in 1266, Norway ceded the Isle of Man to the Kingdom of Scotland, and Newton considered it likely that Alexander utilised the triskelion for the arms of his new possession.
It has also been suggested that the ancestry of the tre cassyn can be traced to the triquetra in a coin of Amlaíb Cuarán, a 10th-century Norse-Gael warlord who was king of Northumbria and king of Dublin.
Lending credibility to this theory is the current belief that the mediaeval Manx dynasty was related to that of Amlaíb Cuarán.
However, the gap between the 10th century and late 13th century, when the tre cassyn is first recorded, is wide indeed, and it has been noted that several kings from this period are known to have borne a galley as their emblem, and not the tre cassyn.
Early examples of the symbol are present in the Royal Arms ascribed to the King of Mann in several late 13th century armorials.
The tre cassyn also appears on the Manx Sword of State, which is popularly said to date to the time of King Amlaíb mac Gofraid (d. 1237), although recent analysis has shown it more likely dates to about the 15th century.
Another example can be seen on a 14th-century stone cross in the churchyard of Maughold.
Another is example is a late 14th century seal of Sir William le Scrope, Lord of Mann, in which the tre cassyn are depicted in plate armour, rather than mail.
Early representations of the tre cassyn show the legs running clockwise, and later representations show the legs running in both directions.
The peregrine falcon is derived from the time of King John I of Mann.
In 1405, he was granted the Isle of Man, on condition he paid homage to King Henry IV of England, and gave two peregrine falcons to him and every future English king their Coronation Day.
The descendants of John I ruled the Isle of Man until King George III of Great Britain as the Lords of Mann.
The presentation of falcons continued on, until the coronation of King George IV, in 1822.
In keeping with the Viking history of the island, the raven featured in Norse mythology.
The chief god Odin was accompanied by the two ravens Huginn and Muninn.
The motto is quocunque jeceris stabit, which is Latin and means: "whichever way you shall have thrown [it], it shall stand".
The motto dates to the 17th century, where it is first recorded as being present on Manx coinage dating to the year 1668.
It is possible that the motto became associated to the tre cassyn through these coins.
List of coats of arms of the United Kingdom and dependencies
Patricia T. Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an American actress and movie director.
She played the lead character in the supernatural drama television series Medium.
She also starred in other TV series and in many movies.
She won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for her role in Boyhood in 2015.
Arquette was born in Chicago, Illinois.
She is the daughter of Lewis Arquette, an actor, and Brenda Olivia "Mardi" (née Nowak), an actress, poet, theater operator, activist, acting teacher, and therapist.
Arquette's mother was Jewish, the daughter of a Holocaust survivor from Poland and Russia.
Arquette's father was of English, French-Canadian, German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and Welsh descent and a convert to Islam from Catholicism, and was related to explorer Meriwether Lewis.
Her paternal grandfather was comedian Cliff Arquette; her siblings are actors Rosanna, Alexis, Richmond, and David Arquette.
Downtown is a popular Japanese comedy duo that features members, Hitoshi Matsumoto and Masatoshi Hamada.
They first became a comedy duo in 1983 when they went on Yoshimoto Kōgyō: NSC (New Star Creation).
They are known for acting on the television show, Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!!
along with another comedy duo, Cocorico.
Matsumoto is the boke of the duo and he will often put up with light physical abuse (it is also common for the tsukkomi to slap the boke on top of his head whenever he says something rude or ridiculous) from Hamada who is the tsukkomi.
They have also created the televisions series, Downtown no Gottsu Ee Kanji, Downtown DX and Hey!
Music Champ.
Downtown's Official website
It took place on February 15, 2004 at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California.
It was the 5th No Way Out event.
Seven matches were scheduled on the event's card.
The main event between Eddie Guerrero and Brock Lesnar was quoted by Kevin Sowers from PWTorch  as being "one to remember for a long time".
2004 in California
es:WWE No Way Out#2004
People don't agree about what is the "original Bible".
Because there are many versions of Greek and Latin Bibles, there are also many versions of the English Bible.
Some translations are word-for-word from the original language.
These translations are usually difficult to read.
Other translations are idea-for-idea.
These translations change the ideas of the original Bible into English.
Some idea-for-idea translations use very easy English.
Literal translations are difficult for some people to understand.
But, non-literal translations can change the meaning. "
Dynamic Equivalence" means making the Bible easy to read, without changing the meaning.
Modern English Bible Versions
Christian Translations
The King James Version
The Authorized King James Version (KJV) is very popular.
Many parts of it are literal (word-for-word) translations of the original Greek and Hebrew.
The KJV Bible was produced from 1604 to 1611, as a revision of the Bishops Bible.
Since 1600, many English words have changed.
Because the KJV Bible is 400 years old, it is more difficult to read.
But even though it is 400 years old, many expressions and idioms used in everyday modern English come from the KJV.
Since 1611, the first KJV Bible has been changed.
The edition usually used today is the 1769 edition.
The new versions, which are revisions of the KJV include the Revised Version (1885), the Revised Standard Version (1952), the New Revised Standard Version (1989), and the English Standard Version (2001).
Other Translations
The New English Bible (1970) - from the United Kingdom.
This was a fresh ecumenical translation.
Letters to Young Churches (1958) - by John Bertram Phillips.
This is a translation of the New Testament Epistles (Letters).
The Living Bible (1971) - by Kenneth N Taylor.
This is a paraphrase of the American Standard Version (1901).
The Good News Bible (1976) - from the American Bible Society.
This is one of the most popular Bibles.
The New International Bible (1978) - This Bible is between the King James Version (very literal) and the Good News Bible (very informal).
The New Living Translation (1996) - a new version of "The Living Bible".
On the internet, there are many translations of the Bible.
You can read virtual Bibles.
If you want to read part of the Bible, you can print that part.
This is called "print on demand".
Today, there are many translations that are literal, not literal, and between.
The Young's Literal Translation is very literal.
The Message Bible and The Word on the Street are not literal.
Gender Neutral Versions
In the Bible, men and women are equal.
They just have different roles.
Men are supposed to be the dominant figures in society.
Some new translations weaken male dominance.
These translations are called feminist, gender neutral, or gender accurate.
Some gender-neutral translations are: the New Revised Standard Version (1989), the Revised English Bible (1989), Today's New International Version (2005), New International Version (2011).
The English Standard Version (2001) also tries to be more equal.
Simplified English Bibles
Many people have written simpler Bibles.
These Bibles use few words.
Some are written for non-native speakers of English.
The World English Bible is a version of the Bible written in modern English.
It began in 1997 and was a revision of the American Standard Version 1997.
The project began with the goal of producing an English-language version of the Bible that does not use older English nor Basic English.
It is based on the 1901 American Standard Version, the Greek Majority Text, and the Hebrew Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia with some minor changes made because of alternative readings in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint but these alternative readings are ignored or restricted to the footnotes.
There are seven passes of editing and reading for each book.
The first pass updated about 1,000 words, phrases and grammatical constructs.
The first manual pass was to add quotation marks and other punctuation, and to check the version against the Greek and Hebrew texts where there are large textual variants or the meaning is not clear.
Jewish Translations
Sometimes Jews and Christians do not agree on how to translate the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh.
Jews have written translations that follow Jewish opinions.
Jewish Publication Society of America Version (JPS)(1917) — based on the Revised Version and American Standard Version (see above), but changed to follow Jewish opinions
Judaica Press (1963)
New Jewish Publication Society of America Version (NJPS)(1985) — a new translation, not based on JPS 1917
ArtScroll Stone Edition (1996)
Many Jewish Bible translations show the English and original Hebrew on facing pages.
None of these translations is considered Simple English or Basic English.
Bible translations - for a view of translation into languages other than English.
The Gender-Neutral Bible Controversy
Translations of the Bible Into English
An extensive list of English translations
OSIS User Manual Appendix D provides standard abbreviations for many translations.
László Bodnár (born February 25, 1979 in Mátészalka) is a Hungarian football defender.
He is playing for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.
He started playing professional with VSC Debrecen in Hungary.
From 2000 till 2003 he played for Dynamo Kiew and Arsenal Kiew in the Ukraine.
2003 he came to Roda JC Kerkrade and 2006 till 2009 to FC Red Bull Salzburg.
2009 he went back to Debrecen and played with the team in the UEFA Champions League group stage.
After the year with Debrecen he found no new team but in 2011 he came back to FC Red Bull Salzburg.
For Red Bull Salzburg he played 66 matches and scored only two goals but got a lot of assistance points.
FC Dynamo Kiev
Premier League: 2001, 2003
Runner-up: 2002
Ukrainian Cup: 2003
CIS Cup: 2002
Austrian Bundesliga: 2007, 2009
Runner-up: 2008
Hungarian National Championship I: 2009–10
Hungarian Cup: 2009-10
Hungarian League Cup: 2010
Hungarian Super Cup: 2010
Homepage FC Red Bull Salzburg Laszlo Bodnar
Fangemeinschaft FC Red Bull Salzburg: Spieler Laszlo Bodnar
Bell's theorem, also called "Bell's inequality," is a thought experiment.
When joined with real experiments, it shows there are no hidden variables which can explain some of the consequences of quantum mechanics.
This study, closely related to quantum mechanics, was done by John Stewart Bell.
Brian Greene's analogy
Pairs of boxes have been prepared and sent to Earth and on Vulcan.
There is something inside that shows a light when a door is opened.
If the same doors are opened on both members of the pair, then both lights will be blue or both lights will be red.
What if different doors are opened?
Maybe the chances that a red light or a blue light shows up were set by the maker of the boxes.
Or maybe whether a red light or a blue light shows up depends on an individual coin flip in each box.
In a system that works the way quantum mechanics does, there is a 50% chance that opening any pair of doors (on the gray side, the white side, or the black side of each of the boxes in the schematic diagram) will give rise to a match.
For instance, Earth could open the door in the gray side of its box, and Vulcan could open the door in the black side of its box.
Quantum physics says that half the time they should get a match.
But if the decision to produce a certain color for each of the doors opened is programmed into both boxes, then there is a 55% or greater chance of getting a match.
The analogy given here follows closely the one used by Brian Greene in The Fabric of the Cosmos, p. 107ff.
Bell J.S. 1964.
On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox.
Physics'', 1:195-200, reprinted in Bell 1987.
Mark Cavendish (born 21 May 1985) is a Manx racing cyclist who rides for team dimension data.
Originally a track cyclist in the madison, points race, and scratch race, he has competed on the road since 2006.
He is a double Madison World Champion and Commonwealth Games gold medallist on the track.
As a road cyclist, he has risen to fame as a sprinter.
He got eleven wins in his first professional season, equalling the record held by Alessandro Petacchi.
In the 2008 Tour de France he won four stages, a then unprecedented achievement for a British cyclist (he surpassed the feat, winning six stages in 2009 and a further 5 in 2010) and he has been described as the fastest sprinter in the world.
He continued his wins in 2009 by taking the Spring classic, Milan – San Remo.
Cavendish started racing informally at 12, as a mountain-bike rider.
Cavendish was awarded the Freedom of the Borough of Douglas in 2008, and collected the award on 14 April 2011.
He lives on the Isle of Man and has a training base in Quarrata, Tuscany, Italy.
Cavendish was born in Douglas, Isle of Man, the son of David Cavendish also from the Isle of Man, and Adele from Yorkshire.
He  began riding BMX at a young age, racing at the National Sports Centre in Douglas.
It was at that time that Cavendish met David Millar at a race on the Isle of Man.
Cavendish said he was inspired by Millar.
Cavendish worked in a bank for two years after leaving school.
He concentrated on earning enough money to support himself as a full-time cyclist later on, as he attempted to turn professional.
Mark Cavendish began his career with the British Track Cycling team.
He won gold in the madison at the Los Angeles World Track Championships with Rob Hayles.
They had not raced together before.
They finished one lap ahead of the field to claim the gold medal, ahead of the Dutch and Belgian teams, giving Britain its fourth gold at the championships.
It was Cavendish's first world champion's jersey.
Cavendish also won the 2005 European championship points race.
He began road racing in 2005, riding the Tour of Berlin and Tour of Britain as a trialist with Team Sparkasse.
Cavendish began 2006 with the Continental team, Team Sparkasse, a feeder squad for T-Mobile Team.
In June, he won two stages and the points and sprint competitions in the Tour of Berlin.
He rode for the Isle of Man on the track at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, riding the scratch race.
He lapped the field with three others: Rob Hayles; Ashley Hutchinson of Australia; and James McCallum of Scotland.
He then beat these in the sprint to win gold for the Isle of Man.
The race time was 23m 5s, an average 51.9 kilometres per hour (32.2 mph).
His success at the Tour of Berlin led to a post as a stagiare with T-Mobile from August until the end of the season.
His best result for T-Mobile in 2006 was in the Tour of Britain, where he came second three times and won the points classification.
It brought a full professional contract for 2007 and 2008.
Cavendish began 2007 "laboriously", said the daily sports paper, L'Équipe.
It quoted one of Cavendish's team-mates, Roger Hammond: "To be honest, he started the season so catastrophically that the staff were wondering what they could enter Mark for so that he could finish the race.".
Cavendish's breakthrough came at the Grote Scheldeprijs race in Belgium, which he won overall after failing to even finish any of his previous races.
He went on to win stages at the Four Days of Dunkirk and the Tour of Catalonia Volta a Catalunya, the third oldest cycling stage race in the world,  and that brought selection for the 2007 Tour de France, starting in London.
He crashed in stages 1 and 2.
and abandoned on stage 8 as the race reached the Alps, having taken two top-ten placings but unhappy not to have had a top-five placing.
Then the pattern changed. "
Everything fell into place," L'Équipe said.
His debut season continued, moving on to 10 stage wins, one behind Alessandro Petacchi's record 11 for a début season.
Cavendish took his 11th win in early October, the Circuit Franco-Belge, to equal Petacchi's record.
Among the wins were three in UCI ProTour events, the two in the Volta a Catalunya and one in the Eneco Tour of Benelux.
On the road, Cavendish won his first stages of a grand tour, by picking two victories in the 2008 Giro d'Italia.
Cavendish won four further stages in the 2008 Tour de France, his first coming in Stage 5 from Cholet to Châteauroux.
He won again on Stage 8, Stage 12 and Stage 13, making him the first British rider to collect four stages in a single Tour.
Overnight, at the age of just 22, he became the "fourth most successful British professional in history", said The Independent.
After Stage 14, Cavendish abandoned the Tour to concentrate on the Beijing Olympics.
He and Team Columbia manager Bob Stapleton agreed that riding the Alps was a risk to his hopes.
But Cavendish, with Bradley Wiggins, failed to win a medal, finishing joint eighth in the madison.
He was the only British track cyclist not to win a medal.
Following the Olympics, Cavendish remained angry with British Cycling for not giving much attention to the madison, though Chris Boardman said that Cavendish's professional commitments also interfered with his build up to the Olympics.
In November 2008, Cavendish said that he had no further plans to return to track cycling.
The rest of his season was also successful, with a total of eleven further race wins, including three each at the Tour of Ireland which he abandoned on the final day, and the Tour of Missouri, winning his only points classification of the season at the latter.
At the Tour de Romandie, Cavendish won the prologue time-trial, beating compatriot Bradley Wiggins and emphasising his short-distance time-trial abilities.
Cavendish's 2009 season began at the Tour of Qatar, where he renewed his rivalry with Tom Boonen.
Boonen won the race and one stage, though Cavendish took two stages; he also won two stages at the Tour of California, again beating Boonen in the sprint finishes.
At the start of the 2009 Giro d'Italia Columbia won the Team Time Trial and he was given the Maglia Rosa leaders jersey, becoming the first British rider to ever wear it.
The first 2 road stages however were fruitless for Cavendish, who was beaten to the line by Alessandro Petacchi in the first stage and was caught behind a crash and failed to make it back for the sprint the next day.
Cavendish soon asserted his sprinting dominance on the race however, gaining 3 stage wins before abandoning following stage 13, citing a need to rest for beginning preparations for the Tour de France.
He continued his preparation by racing the Tour de Suisse.
He won both stage 3 and stage 6 to wear the points jersey.
However, this was taken off him by Fabian Cancellara.
In June he published his first autobiography, Boy Racer, which covered his career to date.
At a press conference in London ahead of the 2009 Tour de France, Cavendish explained that the book was too premature to be seen as a complete biography and that his "biggest motivation for writing it had been to explain himself better"  due to the way he perceives himself when performing post-stage interviews.
Instead, he felt that the book was "more a biography of last year's Tour stage wins".
During the season, Cavendish developed a remarkable partnership with his leadout man, Mark Renshaw.
Continuing his run of success, Cavendish won Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 10, Stage 11, Stage 19 and Stage 21 of the 2009 Tour de France.
In winning the third stage he became the first Briton to hold the green jersey for two days in a row.
Cavendish's win on stage 11 enabled him to reclaim the green jersey from rival Thor Hushovd, and equalled Barry Hoban's British record of eight Tour de France stage wins.
However, all the points that Cavendish gained in stage 14 were removed after he was judged to have driven Hushovd too close to barriers on the course.
Cavendish said of the protest, which he thought was lodged by Hushovd, that, "Thor either thinks so highly of himself that he thinks I was looking out for him yesterday or he thinks so highly of my team that the only way he can beat us is to complain like that."
However, the disqualification was confirmed before Hushovd and his team lodged a protest.
Cavendish added that the green jersey was no longer within his reach, and that his main objective was now to finish the race and win the final stage in Paris, which he did.
Winning the 19th stage, Cavendish set a new record for Tour de France stage wins by a British rider; afterwards, he said that he was "embarrassed" for his comments about "deserving" green jersey wearer Hushovd.
In winning the 21st stage, he lead home a remarkable 1-2 for his team, when his team mate and leadout man, Mark Renshaw, finished second on the Champs-Élysées.
Following on from the Tour de France, Cavendish won the Sparkassen Giro Bochum and took part in the Tour of Ireland, winning stage two.
On 7 September he recorded the 50th win of his road racing career in a sprint finish in the opening stage of the Tour of Missouri.
Before the race he confirmed he will remain with Team Columbia – HTC in 2010, ending speculation linking him with a move to newly created British team, Team Sky.
Cavendish retained the leader's jersey by sprinting to victory on stage two but finished fifth on stage three, losing the overall lead to Thor Hushovd, and was forced to withdraw from the race before stage four due to a lung infection.
Although selected for the British team for the Men's Road Race at the 2009 UCI Road World Championships, his illness prevented him from taking part.
Following a dental problem, Mark delayed the start of his 2010 season until the 2010 Ruta del Sol, in mid-February.
Following the lay off his form was poor, and he failed to defend his victory at the 2010 Milan – San Remo.
He was in six minutes after the leaders, down in 89th place.
Cavendish's pre-season goals were to win the green jersey in the Tour de France and win the Road Race at the 2010 World Championships.
Mark also said that he will race in the 2010 Tour of Flanders but said he will not win it, stating that the Tour of Flanders requires training, but he sees himself winning it in the future.
Following a poor start to the season, Cavendish found form at the 2010 Volta a Catalunya, finishing seventh in the opening time-trial and winning stage 2.
His team withdrew Cavendish from the Tour of Romandie after he made an offensive gesture after winning the second stage.
Missing the 2010 Giro d'Italia, Cavendish instead chose to compete at the 2010 Tour of California starting on 16 May 2010, where he won the first stage for only his third victory of the season.
On 15 June Cavendish crashed heavily whilst sprinting in the closing metres of the 4th stage of the Tour of Switzerland, appearing to veer off line and bring down Heinrich Haussler and several other riders, raising criticism from other teams regarding his riding style.
Cavendish entered the 2010 Tour de France.
During Stage 1, Cavendish crashed out of the final sprint, with just under 3 km remaining in the stage.
Overhead camera footage showed Cavendish failing to negotiate a corner after entering too fast and turning too late.