the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
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The plantain is a crop from the genus Musa.
Its fruits are edible, and are generally used for cooking.
This is different from the soft and sweet banana (which is often called dessert banana).
Dessert bananas are more common to import in countries in the European Union or the United States.
The way certain species are called often show how they are used:  cooking plantain, banana plantain, beer banana, bocadillo plantain (the little one), etc.
All members of the genus Musa are indigenous to the tropical region of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Archipelago and northern Australia.
Plantains are often firmer than dessert bananas; they also have less sugar.
Dessert bananas are often eaten raw; plantains are usually cooked or otherwise processed before they are eaten.
Plantains are a staple food in tropical regions, treated similarly to potatoes.
They also have a similar taste.
Primary cultivation originated in Southeast Asia, secondary in West Africa.
Other regions with Plantain crops include the Southern United States, the Caribbean, Central America, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Southern Brazil, the Canary Islands, Madeira, Egypt, Cameroon, Nigeria, Uganda, Okinawa, Kerala and Taiwan.
Farmers grow plantains as far north as Northern California and as far south as KwaZulu-Natal.
Use of parts other than the fruit
Plantain flowers
Each pseudostem of a plantain plant will flower only once.
All the flowers grow at the end of its shoot in a large bunch made of multiple hands with individual fingers (the fruits).
Only the first few hands will become fruits.
In Vietnam the young male flower, at the end of the bunch, is used to make salad.
In Laos, the plantain flower is often eaten raw; it is added to a special kind of soup.
Thoran is made in Kerala with the end of the bunch (called "Koompu" in Malayalam and Vazhaipoo in Tamil).
It is said to be very healthy.
You can fry it or boil it
Plantain leaves
Plantain leaves are used like plates in several dishes, including hallaca from Venezuela, or south Indian Thali.
In southern India, meals are traditionally served on a plantain leaf.
The position of the different food items on the leaf is important, also for Hindu rituals.
The plantain leaves often add an aroma to the dish.
In the Indian state of Kerala, a food preparation called "Ada" is made in plantain leaves.
Plantain leaves are also used in making "Karimeen Pollichathu" in Kerala.
The leaves are usually easy to find in Venezuela.
They are sold at grocery stores, and they can be bought on the open-air markets there .
Leaves can be very big, over  in length.
They are also used to stimulate appetite, as they have a distinctive smell when hot food is placed on them.
In Nicaragua, leaves are used to wrap different kinds of food, such as Nacatamales,Vigoron and Vaho.
In Peru they are often used to wrap the famous Tamale (Tamales).
In Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, these are usually used to wrap tamales before and while cooking, and they can be used to wrap any kind of seasoned meat while cooking to keep the flavor in.
The plantain is the main food source of the Dominican Republic, and is used just as much as, if not more than, rice.
Mangu and Sancocho are two dishes for which the plantain is very important.
Plantain shoot
The plantain will only fruit once.
After harvesting the fruit, the plantain plant can be cut and the layers peeled (like an onion) to get a cylinder shaped soft shoot.
This can be chopped and first steamed, then fried with masala powder, to make an excellent dish.
This dish is called Posola in Assamese and a distinct part of Assamese cuisine.
A staple food is a food item that can be stored easily and eaten throughout the year.
Different kinds of staple foods are used in different parts of the world.
The term means the common basis of the everyday diet in a place.
Potatoes and rice are the most usual examples, but bread is not a staple food because it is a manufactured food which cannot be stored.
Of course, it can always be made, since wheat is a staple food.
Fruit is not a staple because it usually grows at a certain time of year.
Meat is not a staple because it may not be available, or is expensive to buy.
Green vegetables may be a staple in some countries, but not others.
Foods which need special facilities, such as refrigeration are not staple foods.
Maize (corn)
Cassava
Sweet potatos
Yams
Barley (leaves)
Lentils
Pictures of common staple foods
Zhengzhou (, pinyin: zhèngzhōu) is the capital of Henan Province in the People's Republic of China.
It is in the northcentral part of Henan.
Zhengzhou is on the southern bank of the Yellow River.
It is one of the Eight Great Ancient Capitals of China.
In 2010, 9,378,000 people lived there.
As of 2017, the prefecture-level city is divided into 6 urban districts, 5 county-level cities and 1 county.
Because of rapid population growth, the subdivisions may change.
Braidwood () is a town in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia.
It is in the Palerang Shire.
In 2006 there were 1,108 people living in Braidwood.
It was used as a location for the movie Ned Kelly starring Mick Jagger in 1969.
Braidwood is on the Kings Highway which joins Canberra to Batemans Bay on the coast.
It is about  south west of Sydney.
It is in a highland area near the headwaters of the Shoalhaven River.
Europen explorers, Kearns, Marsh and Packer, reached the area in 1822 and the settlers arrived soon after.
The town was surveyed in 1839.
Gold was discovered in 1851, and over the next 20 years the population grew to about 10,000.
Thomas Braidwood Wilson
The town was named after Dr Thomas Braidwood Wilson.
He had been a surgeon on the ships taking convicts to New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania).
He was first given land in Van Diemen's Land in 1824, but changed it for land near Lake George in 1825.
He was also given  of land in the 'new country' on Monkittee and Flood creeks.
In 1833 the government took back the western end of Wilson's land for a future village.
They gave him more land at the eastern land in return.
Wilson moved to the district in late 1836 with his wife and family.
He became a community leader.
He built the first courthouse in 1837-38.
In 1840 Wilson asked the government to build a road from Braidwood to Huskisson for faster and cheaper shipping of wool to Sydney.
Wilson and Col.
John Mackenzie, supplied the materials and men to make the Braidwood to Nerriga section.
In 1841 there were 141 people living at Braidwood Farm.
Wilson lost all of his money because of a drought in the late 1830s.
He died in November 1843.
His land was sold for £2,000 to John Coghill, who now owned most of the land on the south, east and north of the town.
Wilson still owned land on a hill north of the town and was buried there in 1843.
A memorial and large pine tree mark the site of Wilson's grave.
The path to the grave is open to the public and is through a series of paddocks with gateway sculptures and large art pieces by local artists.
Bushrangers, Thomas and John Clarke, killed four policemen near Braidwood in 1867.
There is a special monument for the police in the Braidwood cemetery.
Australia's first Royal Commission took place in Braidwood in 1867.
It looked at the role of the police in trying to control bushrangers in the area.
The Commission found the police were lazy, and in some cases had actually helped the bushrangers.
They found that the superintendent of police did not have 'strict and proper control over his men.'
Because of the goldrush the banks and hotels in Braidwood were well built and made to last.
It is these old heritage buildings that now attract visitors to the town.
Other businesses in the area are sheep and cattle farming, and timber growing.
Braidwood today
Braidwood used to be the home of the Tallaganda local government area.
However, following changes to local government areas by the New South Wales Government, it is now part of the Palerang council.
The eastern office of the council is in the town.
The local paper is now called the Braidwood Times.
After the gold rush, Braidwood became a quiet and poor country town.
Because of this, very little new building work was carried out, and so the town still has most of its original streetscape and architecture intact.
On 30 March 2006 the town and its setting were listed on the NSW State Heritage Register.
There were arguments between those who wanted to save the town's old fashioned charm and those wishing to develop it.
Ned Kelly (1970)
The Year My Voice Broke (1987)
On Our Selection (1995)
Finding Joy (2003).
Local stories say that Mick Jagger wrote one of his major hits while in Braidwood making the Ned Kelly film; but there is no agreement as to which one.
Braidwood Central School website
Heritage information about buildings in Braidwood
Information about Braidwood
NSW Heritage listing for Braidwood
Palerang Council website
Hunan (; ) is a province of South Central China, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (The characters in the name Hunan mean "lake" and "south").
Hunan is sometimes called 湘|湘 () for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province.
Guangxi's capital in Nanning.
Other major cities are Baise, Beihai, Chongzuo, Fangchenggang, Guigang, Guilin, Hechi, Hezhou, Laibin, Liuzhou, Qinzhou, Wuzhou and Yulin.
It is near Vietnam and has many mountains.
It is one of the border frontiers of Chinese civilization.
Even in the 20th century it was considered an open, wild territory.
The current name "Guang" itself means "expanse", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in 226 AD.
It was given provincial level status during the Yuan Dynasty and in 1949 was reformed as one of China's five autonomous regions.
The National Hockey League (NHL) season is divided into the regular season and the Stanley Cup playoffs.
In the regular season, teams play 82 games which determine their standings.
The eight top teams in each conference enter the playoff elimination tournament to determine the Stanley Cup champion.
Stanley Cup Playoff Formats
The 2009 Formula One season was the 60th FIA Formula One World Championship season.
There were ten teams signed up to compete in the championship.
Jenson Button became the Drivers' World Champion and Brawn GP won the Constructors' title.
The season is scheduled to take place over 17 rounds, and started with the Australian Grand Prix on 29 March 2009.
It will end on 1 November 2009 with the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, which is included on the race calendar for the first time and will be held at the new Yas Marina Circuit.
The French and Canadian Grands Prix, which were both included in the 2008 championship, have been dropped.
Several rule changes will be implemented by the FIA, in a bid to cut costs due to the global financial crisis and to improve the on-track spectacle.
New rules governing tyres, aerodynamics and Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS), among others, are some of the biggest changes in the Formula One regulations for several decades.
FIA initially declared a change in deciding the World Driver's Championship, with the driver winning the most races to be declared as the champion.
However, this decision was later reversed following protests from Formula One Teams Association.
Formula One 2009 Race Calendar
Half points were awarded at the Malaysian as less than 75% of the scheduled distance was completed.
Official Formula One website
2009 in sports
The Bucegi Mountains () are in central Romania to the south of the city Braşov.
They are part of the Southern Carpathians group of the Carpathian Mountains of Europe.
To the east, the Bucegi Mountains have a very steep slope.
This is towards the popular tourist destination Prahova Valley.
At a higher elevation is the Bucegi Plateau, where wind and rain have turned the rocks into brilliant figures such as the Sphinx and Babele.
The Bucegi is thought to be the Dacian holy mountain Kogainon.
Here, the mythical figure Zalmoxis resided in a cave.
In many armed forces in the world, Private First Class (PFC) is a rank held by junior enlisted persons.
U.S. Army Enlisted Rank Insignia - Criteria, Background, and Images
Lance corporal is a military rank, used by many armed forces around the world, and also by some police forces and other uniformed organizations.
It is below the rank of Corporal, and is typically the lowest Non-commissioned officer, usually equivalent to the NATO Rank Grade OR-3.
Lance Corporal of Marines Association
Ned Kelly is the name of a 1970 movie.
It was the second Australian feature length movie about Australian bushranger Ned Kelly.
The first was The Story of the Kelly Gang made in 1906, the world's first feature movie.
Ned Kelly was directed by Tony Richardson, and starred Mick Jagger as Ned Kelly.
It was a British production, but was filmed entirely in Australia, shot mostly around Braidwood in southern New South Wales, with mainly Australian actors.
There were many problems in getting the movie made.
The actors' union, Actors' Equity and some of Ned Kelly's relatives protested strongly about Jagger having the lead role.
Many people were upset that the movie would be made in New South Wales, not Victoria, where the Kellys had lived.
Jagger's girlfriend, Marianne Faithfull, had come to Australia to play the lead female role of Ned's sister, Maggie.
Their relationship was breaking up, and she took an overdose of sleeping tablets soon after she got to Sydney.
She was in a coma, but soon got better and went back to England.
She was replaced by an unknown Australian actress, Diane Craig.
During filming, Jagger was hurt by a pistol misfiring.
The actors and crew were often sick, some costumes were destroyed by fire, and Jagger's co-star, Mark McManus, just escaped serious injury when a horse-drawn cart in which he was riding overturned during filming.
The body armour costume worn by Jagger is on show at the Queanbeyan City Library, with the letters "MJ" scratched on the inside.
The head-piece has been stolen, the loss of an important piece of Australian movie history.
The movie was very poorly received at its opening, and is still said to be Richardson's worst movie.
Neither Richardson or Jagger went to the London opening of the movie.
Ned Kelly (1970 film) at the National Film and Sound Archive
Movies directed by Tony Richardson
The 1918 Spring Offensive or Kaiserschlacht (Kaiser's Battle), also known as the Ludendorff Offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during World War I, which marked the deepest advances by either side since 1914.
The German authorities had realised that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the overwhelming human and matériel resources of the United States could be deployed.
They also had the advantage of nearly 50 divisions freed by the Russian surrender (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk).
The first and most important part was called Operation Michael.
It used new infiltration tactics.
After the offensive, not enough German soldiers were still alive to win the war anymore.
Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
Tang Enbo (1898-1959) was a Nationalist general in the Republic of China.
Along with Hu Zongnan and Xue Yue, Tang was one of the Kuomintang generals most respected by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Xue Yue (1896-1998) was a Nationalist general in the Republic of China.
Xue joined the Chinese army in 1914, at the age of 18.
Along with Hu Zongnan and Tang Enbo, Xue was one of the Kuomintang generals most respected by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Xue was in the defense of greater Wuhan, commanding the 1st Army Corps.
In the mountains Xue's army succeeded in nearly destroying the 106th division of the Japanese army.
During the battle, most of the Japanese officers were killed and the Japanese had to drop 300 officers by parachute into the battlefield.
Hata was minister of war in 1939.
He was commander-in-chief of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) in China in 1941.
He was the last surviving Japanese military officer with a rank of Field Marshal.
He was jailed at the end of World War Two and released in 1955.
Order of the Golden Kite
Bai Chongxi (18 March 1893 – 1 December 1966), also spelled Pai Chung-hsi, was a Chinese Muslim general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China.
He was a warlord in the Guangxi Province, commanding his own troops and governing Guangxi (though part of the Republic of China).
He was often an ally of Chiang Kai-Shek in the politics of the Republic of China.
Warlord era
The Letter of Jeremiah, also known as the Epistle of Jeremy.
This is a deuterocanonical (or apocryphal) book of the Old Testament.
The letter is believed to have been made by Jeremiah to the people who were to be taken prisoner into Babylon.
It is included in Catholic Bibles as the last part of the Book of Baruch.
It is also in Orthodox Bibles as a standalone book.
Most learned people argue that the person who started the book was not Jeremiah.
Jeremiah was a Hellenistic Jew who lived in Alexandria.
Whoever the starter, the work was written with a purpose: to teach the Jews not to worship the gods of the Babylonians.
Instead, to worship only the Lord.
Place in religious law
The letter (epistle) is part of the Septuagint.
There is no evidence of it ever having been rule bearing in the Jewish tradition.
The earliest evidence we have of the question of its canonicity arising in Christian tradition is in the work of Origen of Alexandria, as reported by Eusebius in his Church History.
Origen listed Lamentations and the Letter of Jeremiah as one unit with the Book of Jeremiah proper, among "the canonical books as the Hebrews have handed them down".
Jerome provided the majority of the translation work for the vulgar (popular) Latin translation of the Bible, called the Vulgate Bible.
In view of the fact that no Hebrew text was available, Jerome refused to consider the Epistle of Jeremiah, as the other books he called apocryphal, canonical.
Despite Jerome's reservations, the epistle is included as chapter 6 of the book of Baruch in the Old Testament of the Vulgate.
The Authorized King James Version follows the same practice, while placing Baruch in the Apocrypha section.
In the Ethiopian Orthodox canon, it forms part of the "Rest of Jeremiah", along with 4 Baruch (also known as the Paraleipomena of Jeremiah).
The epistle is one of three deuterocanonical books found among the Dead Sea scrolls (the other two are Ben Sira and Tobit.)
The portion of the epistle discovered at Qumran was written in Greek.
This does not preclude the possibility of the text being based on a prior Hebrew or Aramaic text.
However, the only text available to us has dozens of linguistic features available in Greek, but not in Hebrew, hence introductions of a Greek editor, not required for minimalist translation.
Text of the Epistle of Jeremy from CCEL
Letter of Jeremiah in the KJV
(Letter of Jeremiah) in the NAB
Encyclopedia Britannica: Epistle of Jeremy
Introduction and Text of the Letter of Ieremias  from the New English Translation of the Septuagint
Jeremiah, Letter of
AllMovie is a commercial database with information about movie stars, movies and television shows.
It was started by Michael Erlewine, who also started AllMusic and AllGame.
Movies123
Revelation is when something is made clear or obvious that was hidden before.
Most of the time, the term is used to speak about religious revelations.
That means that the revelation is done by communication with the divine.
Revelation can be through a deity who may send a messenger.
Messengers that are supernatural are often called angels (Angel literally means messenger).
Human messengers tend to be called prophets.
nl:Openbaring
We do not know much about his early life.
He was ordained as a priest in January 1584.
In 1585 he became organist at Huesca Cathedral, where he supervised the building of a new organ at the cathedral during 1588.
In 1603 he became a priest and organist at the Cathedral of La Seo, Zaragossa.
He looked after the organ at the cathedral and often had work done to improve it.
He remained at the cathedral until his death on December 16, 1627.
All his compositions were for the church: both his organ music and vocal music.
His organ works show that he learned from composers such as Antonio de Cabezón, but he put new, modern ideas in his music which later influenced younger composers such as Correa de Arauxo.
His students became the cathedral organists after his death, and were part of a tradition and style of paying which lasted for over 100 years.
A very important new technique which he used was the use of a divided keyboard (medio registro) which allowed different sounds in the upper half and the lower half of the keyboard (on today's organs one would need a two-manual organ to get the same effect).
He wrote 36 settings of the Magnificat, called Canticum Beatissimae Virginis Deiparae Mariae (1618).
His vocal work shows a skilful use of polyphony.
1627 deaths
The Shahnameh or Shāhnāma (Book of Kings, ) is a large poetic opus by the Persian poet Ferdowsi.
The book was written between  977 to 1010 AD.
The Shahnameh is about the mythical and historical past of Persia/Iran.
It is the national epic of Persia/Iran and one of the greatest literary works of the Persian language.
Shahnameh has been composed of 3 main parts: 1.
mythical, 2.
heroic, 3.
A Papal conclave is a meeting of cardinals.
The cardinals meet to elect the next bishop of Rome, to become pope.
This becomes necessary when the old pope dies or resigns.
Usually, popes do not resign, though.
The last pope to resign was Pope Benedict XVI.
On 11 February 2013, the Vatican confirmed Pope Benedict would resign the papacy and on 13 March it announced the new and current pope as Pope Francis.
The word conclave is from Latin.
It refers to the fact that the cardinals are locked up together, until they have agreed on a new pope.
Today, this happens in the Sistine Chapel.
Originally, the conclave was started in Italian city states, in the 12th century.
These cities needed to elect officeholders, and the election needed to be free of party politics.
Events such as the Investiture Controversy in medieval Europe led to people wanting "free" elections, with a medieval understanding of free.
Methods were often combined, the elements used were Acclamation, naming of candidates by predecessors, or by univolved people, and using "electrors" who would agree on the successor, behind closed doors.
Earliest examples are that of Genua, in 1157, Pisa, in 1162-64, or Pistoia.
A seminary, theological college or divinity school is a university that specializes in theology or philosophy.
Very often the students live at the seminary.
Usually, priests have to study at a seminary at the start of their career.
Hunger is the feeling of wanting to eat.
Ghrelin is a hormone that makes people feel hungry.
The opposite of hunger is called satiety or fullness.
Leptin causes this feeling.
People can survive weeks without eating, but they will start to feel hungry after they have not eaten for a few hours.
Hunger is generally considered quite uncomfortable.
People who have eaten food usually will feel less hungry, or not hungry at all.
People can live longer without food than without water.
This can lead to starvation.
Chanakya ( , ; c. 350-283 BCE) was an adviser and a prime minister to  Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340-293 BCE).
Chanakya helped Chandragupta create the Maurya Empire.
Chanakya is considered a pioneer (someone who explores a new area) in economics.
He wrote about economics a very long time before Ibn Khaldun.
Chanakya's Teachings
Shloka 1- नात्यन्तं सरलैर्भाव्यं गत्वा पश्य वनस्थलीम् ।
छिद्यन्ते सरलास्तत्र कुब्जास्तिष्ठन्ति पादपाः ॥
English- Do not be very upright in your dealings, as you would see in forest, the straight trees are cut down while the crooked ones are left standing.
Shloka 2- कः कालः कानि मित्राणि को देशः कौ व्ययागमौ ।
कश्चाहं का च मे शक्तिरिति चिन्त्यं मुहुर्मुहुः ॥
English- Consider again and again the following: the right time, the right friends, the right place, the right means of income, the right ways of spending, and from whom you derive your power.
Shloka 3- यो ध्रुवाणि परित्यज्य अध्रुवं परिषेवते ।
ध्रुवाणि तस्य नश्यन्ति चाध्रुवं नष्टमेव हि ॥
०१-१३
English- He who gives up what is imperishable for that which is perishable, loses that which is imperishable; and doubtlessly loses that which is perishable also.
Shloka 4- गुणैरुत्तमतां याति नोच्चैरासनसंस्थितः।
प्रासादशिखरस्थोऽपि काकः किं गरुडायते॥ १६-०६
English- Greatness comes from good qualities and not from a high position.
A crow doesn’t become a Garuda (the chief of the feathered race) just by sitting on the top of a palace.
He is generally called Chanakya (taken from his father's name "Chanak") but, in his capacity as author of the Arthaśhāstra, is generally referred to as Kautilya derived from his gotra's name "KOTIL"(Kautilya means "of Kotil").
He believed in four ways: Treating with Equality, Enticement,  Punishment or War and Sowing disagreement.
The Arthaśhāstra identifies its author by the name Kautilya, except for one verse which refers to him by the name Vishnugupta.
One of the earliest Sanskrit literatures to explicitly identify Chanakya with Vishnugupta was Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra in the 3rd century BC.
Television series Chanakya is a fictionalized account of the life and times of Chanakya.
A book has been published in English titled  'Chanakya on Management"{18} in which each of the 216 sutras on raja-neeti has been translated and commented upon.
Clearly, the entire system of thought propounded by Chanakya is based on following good ethical principles.
In his Arthasastra, Chanakya has discussed widely various economic issues.
A book written by Ratan Lal Basu & Rajkumar Sen has dealt exhaustively with these economic concepts of Chanakya and their relevance for the modern world.
Many eminent Kautilya experts from all over the world had discussed various aspects of Kautilya's thought in an International Conference held in 1902 at Oriental Research Institute, Mysore, India to celebrate the Centenary of discovery of the manuscript of the Arthashastra by R. Shamasastry.
Most of the papers presented in the Conference have been compiled in an edited volume by Raj Kumar Sen and Ratan Lal Basu.
Chanakya Nitishastra: English translation by Miles Davis.
A trowel is a small tool used for digging, smoothing, or moving around small amounts of material.
Junipers is the name for a number of species of coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus.
They are related to the  family Cupressaceae (the cypress).
There are between 50 and 67 species of juniper.
Junipers grow in the northern hemisphere.
Junipers are evergreen.
They vary in size from low shrubs to tall trees, which grow to between twenty and forty metres tall.
Juniper berries
The female trees have seed cones.
These look like like a berry, and are called juniper berries.
They take from six to eighteen months to grow after pollination.
They are often aromatic, and can be used as a spice.
Unfortunately, the berries of some species, such as Juniperus sabina, are toxic.
Eating them them is not advised.
Juniper has a number of species, and you have to know what you are doing before you eat the berries.
The juniper berry is the female seed cone made by the different kinds of junipers.
It is not a true berry, but its unusual roundness and merged scales make it look like a berry.
Some of the cones are used as spices.
Juniper berries are also used to flavour gin.
According to a FAO document, juniper berries are the only spice that comes from conifers.
However, tar and bark from pine trees are sometimes thought of as spices, too.
Henry Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger on May 27, 1923), , is an American political scientist, diplomat, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
He served as  both National Security Advisor and later as Secretary of State in the Nixon Administration and the Ford Administration.
Kissinger was born in Germany in 1923.
As a German Jew, it was not safe for him to stay in Germany after Adolf Hitler came to power, and he left for the United States in 1933.
He fought for the US against the Nazis in World War Two.
Nixon administration
Kissinger was Richard Nixon's most trusted advisor on foreign affairs.
He was in government during the Cold War and promoted what he called "realpolitik" in dealing with the Soviet Union and Communist China.
He was a major force behind the 1973 ceasefire in the Vietnam War.
He won a Nobel Peace Prize for the ceasefire, but the agreement fell apart in 1975.
Under Kissinger, the US opened up relations to China, which is considered one of his biggest successes.
He also supported détente, an easing of the rivalry with the Soviets.
In his later years, Kissinger — along with William Perry, Sam Nunn, and George Shultz — called upon governments to reduce nuclear weapons, and in three Wall Street Journal articles proposed a program of urgent steps to that end.
The four have created the Nuclear Security Project to advance this cause.
His legacy is often debated by historians.
Some people criticize him, even calling him a criminal, for his tactics during the cold war, notably supporting a military junta in Chile and backing Pakistan during the Bangladesh War.
Many people, however, consider Kissinger a great figure in modern American history who ended the Vietnam War, opened up China, and supported peace in the Cold War.
Annotated Bibliography for Henry Kissinger from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
Official Website of Henry A. Kissinger
"Charlie Rose"  A conversation with Henry Kissinger, December 16, 2008
Henry Kissinger speaks at the Asia Society, NYC, February 2007
Kissinger's political donations
NPR: Kissinger Speech at National Press Club .
Towards the end [55:55], he responds to Hitchens.
Nobel Peace Prize winners
His brother Yasuhito Endo is also a footballer.
Endo was born in Kagoshima on September 18, 1975.
After graduating from Kagoshima Jitsugyo High School, he joined J1 League club Yokohama Marinos (later Yokohama F. Marinos) in 1994.
He debuted in 1995 and he played many matches as midfielder after the debut.
In 1995, the club won the champions J1 League.
From 1999, he became a regular player and the club won 2001 J.League Cup, 2003 and 2004 J1 League.
However his opportunity to play decreased in 2005 and he moved to Vissel Kobe in July 2005.
In July 1996, Endo was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 1996 Summer Olympics.
At this tournament, he wore the number 10 shirt for Japan and played 1 match against Brazil in first match.
Japan won Brazil and it was known as "Miracle of Miami" (マイアミの奇跡) in Japan.
|1995||19||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|1996||2||1||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|1997||15||0||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|1998||16||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|1999||rowspan="7"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="7"|J1 League||29||4||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||4
|2000||29||3||3||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||37||3
|2001||30||1||1||0||8||2||colspan="2"|-||39||3
|2002||20||0||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||26||1
|2003||26||3||3||0||7||1||colspan="2"|-||36||4
|2004||22||1||1||0||4||0||2||0||29||1
|2005||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2005||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||J1 League||15||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|2006||J2 League||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2007||J1 League||3||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
Fernando Moner (born 30 December 1967) is a former Argentine football player.
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|All Nippon Airways||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|1990/91||20||1||||||4||1||24||2
|1993||rowspan="2"|Yokohama Flügels||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||29||3||4||2||5||1||38||6
|1994||31||0||2||0||2||0||35||0
|2002||Yokohama||J. League 2||11||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
Toshiaki Imai (born 29 December 1954) is a former Japanese football player.
He has played for Fujitsu.
Vanderlei Luxemburgo (born 10 May 1952) is a former Brazilian football player and football coach.
He has been four times winner of Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, which is a record.
|2002||rowspan="6"|Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||4||2||0||0||1||0||5||2
|2003||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||11||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|2004||40||7||3||1||colspan="2"|-||43||8
|2005||34||9||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||9
|2006||35||9||4||4||colspan="2"|-||39||13
|2007||9||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||1
|2007||rowspan="2"|Gifu||Football League||8||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||4
|2008||J. League 2||14||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||16||2
Takuto Hayashi (born 9 August 1982) is a Japanese football player.
|2001||rowspan="4"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|2002||1||0||4||0||0||0||5||0
|2003||J. League 2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|2004||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|2005||rowspan="3"|Consadole Sapporo||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||33||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|2006||38||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||39||0
|2007||rowspan="4"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|2008||41||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||42||0
|2009||51||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||55||0
Norihiro Yamagishi (born 17 May 1978) is a Japanese football player.
He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.
|2001||rowspan="10"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="10"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|2002||26||0||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|2003||10||0||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|2004||11||0||4||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|2005||1||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|2006||24||0||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|2007||1||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||3||0
|2008||1||0||1||0||3||0||1||0||6||0
|2009||11||0||1||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
Tsuzuki was born in Heguri, Nara on April 18, 1978.
After graduating from Kunimi High School, he joined J1 League side Gamba Osaka in 1997.
He became the first choice goalkeeper in 2000 dislodging Hayato Okanaka but he was transferred to Urawa Reds at the end of the 2002 season after a row with manager Akira Nishino.
At Reds, he battles with Norihiro Yamagishi for the position.
From 2005, he completely played as first goalkeeper except for 2006 for injury.
The club won the champions 2006 J1 League, 2003 J.League Cup, 2005 and 2006 Emperor's Cup.
In Asia, the club won the champions 2007 AFC Champions League and also won the 3rd place 2007 Club World Cup.
However his opportunity to play decreased due to injury from 2009.
He moved to Shonan Bellmare in June 2010.
He retired end of the 2010 season.
In September 2000, Tsuzuki was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2000 Summer Olympics.
But he did not play in the match behind Seigo Narazaki.
In February 2001, Tsuzuki was selected the Japan national team for 2001 Confederations Cup.
At this tournament, on April 8, he debuted against Brazil.
Although he played only one game, Japan won the 2nd place.
Because Yoshikatsu Kawaguchi and Seigo Narazaki played most matches for Japan in 2000s, Tsuzuki could hardly play in the match.
He played 6 games for Japan until 2009.
|1997||rowspan="6"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="6"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|1998||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|1999||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|2000||19||0||4||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|2001||29||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|2002||12||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|2003||rowspan="8"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="8"|J1 League||20||0||0||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|2004||19||0||0||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|2005||33||0||3||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||45||0
|2006||11||0||5||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|2007||33||0||0||0||1||0||12||0||46||0
|2008||33||0||1||0||2||0||3||0||39||0
|2009||23||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|2010||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|2010||Shonan Bellmare||J1 League||15||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
Robson Ponte (born 6 November 1976) is a Brazilian football player.
|1995||rowspan="2"|Juventus||||||||||||||||||||||
|1996||||1||0||||||||||||||1||0
|1997||América-SP||||||||||||||||||||||
|1998||rowspan="2"|Guarani||rowspan="2"|Série A||16||7||||||||||||||16||7
|1999||16||9||||||||||||||16||9
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||24||2||||||||||||||24||2
|2000/01||12||0||||||||||||||12||0
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||31||8||||||||||||||31||8
|2002/03||30||5||||||||||||||30||5
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||20||2||||||||||||||20||2
|2004/05||23||2||||||||||||||23||2
|2005||rowspan="6"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||16||8||5||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||24||9
|2006||22||4||4||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||6
|2007||33||7||0||0||2||0||12||5||47||12
|2008||16||1||2||1||2||0||4||0||24||2
|2009||28||4||1||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||33||5
Tomislav Marić (born 28 January 1973) is a former Croatian football player.
He has played for Croatia national team.
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Ludwigsburg||||26||4||||||||||26||4
|1993/94||||33||10||||||||||33||10
|1994/95||Karlsruhe||Bundesliga||4||0||||||||||4||0
|1995/96||Wattenscheid||2.
Bundesliga||31||7||||||||||31||7
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Stuttgarter Kickers||rowspan="4"|2.
Bundesliga||20||6||||||||||20||6
|1997/98||33||7||||||||||33||7
|1998/99||26||8||||||||||26||8
|1999/00||33||21||||||||||33||21
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||30||6||||||||||30||6
|2001/02||17||12||||||||||17||12
|2002/03||27||12||||||||||27||12
|2003/04||Borussia Mönchengladbach||Bundesliga||7||1||||||||||7||1
|2004/05||Wolfsburg||Bundesliga||11||1||||||||||11||1
|2005||Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 1||13||8||5||6||3||0||21||14
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Hoffenheim||rowspan="2"|Regionalliga||15||9||||||||||15||9
|2006/07||32||8||||||||||32||8
Bundesliga||0||0||||||||||0||0
Total||11||2
|1993||rowspan="7"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|1995||3||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|1996||14||1||0||0||14||1||28||2
|1997||13||1||1||0||9||0||23||1
|1998||8||0||4||1||4||0||16||1
|1999||8||0||0||0||3||0||11||0
|2000||rowspan="2"|Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 2||23||1||3||1||2||0||28||2
|2001||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|2001||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||10||0||5||1||0||0||15||1
|2002||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||14||0||1||0||7||0||22||0
|2003||18||1||0||0||8||0||26||1
|2004||12||1||0||0||4||0||16||1
|2005||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||10||0||0||0||5||0||15||0
|2006||rowspan="2"|Yokohama||J. League 2||8||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|2007||J. League 1||9||0||0||0||1||0||10||0
(Afrikaans for Boer music) is a kind of South African instrumental folk music.
Its was made to go with social dancing at parties and festivals.
Boeremusiek is from Europe.
It was brought to South Africa and changed into its own style.
It is thought to have got to South Africa by British Empire military bands.
Every artist or band comes up with their own sound and style.
They make up their own style by playing different types of concertinas and using different instruments in the band.
A concertina is similar to an accordion and is the lead instrument in most Boeremusiek bands.
There are many different types of concertinas, which is why Boeremusiek has so many sounds and styles, and the construction the concertina is what makes the different sounds in the Boeremusiek band; it depends on where the slots and holes are put makes the difference on the sound that the concertina makes.
Other instruments that might be in a Boeremusiek band are piano accordions, button harmonicas, accordions, pianos, harmoniums and the guitar.
Sometimes, a cello or bass guitar may be seen.
Today, there are many successful Boeremusiek bands that have recorded albums.
Some famous bands and individual artists today are Klipwerf Boereorkes, Danie Grey, Nico Carstens, Taffie Kikkilus, Brian Nieuwoudt, Samuel Petzer, Worsie Visser and Die Ghitaar Man.
The Military Merit Cross (German: Militärverdienstkreuz, Croatian: Vojni križ za zasluge) was a decoration of the Empire of Austria and, after the establishment of the Dual Monarchy in 1867, the Empire of Austria-Hungary.
It was first established on 22 October 1849 and underwent several revisions to its design and award criteria over the years of its existence.
It became obsolete in 1918 with the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Terry Ray Gordy, Jr. (born 23 March 1979) is a retired American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he appeared on their SmackDown brand under the ring names Jesse and Slam Master J. In WWE, he was known for tagging with Drew Hankinson where they made the team of Jesse and Festus.
He is the son of the wrestler Terry Gordy of the Fabulous Freebirds.
Gordy currently works as a police officer in Atlanta, Georgia.
Microsoft Bing (before called Windows Live Search and MSN Search) is a search engine.
Microsoft calls it a "decision engine", meaning that Bing tries to interpret search queries and give people better search results compared to a typical search engine, helping the user make better decisions.
Bing concentrates on four major areas: shopping, travel, local and health.
A preview version was made available for everyone to use on June 1, 2009, and the website was fully launched on June 3, 2009.
The website quickly became popular after a few weeks.
On July 29, 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo!
announced that Bing would power Yahoo!
All Yahoo!
Search global customers and partners will be shifted to Bing by early 2012.
In October 2011, Microsoft announced "Tiger", a new internal search computer program for Bing.
When it was finished, Bing delivered faster and more relevant search results for users.
It has been incorporated into Bing since August 2011.
Bing includes the listing of search suggestions as queries are entered.
It lists related searches (called "Explore pane") based on semantic technology from Powerset that Microsoft purchased in 2008.
Every day, Bing.com displays a different picture that users can click on parts of to learn more about.
These pictures can be about different places around the world, or nature, or even sometimes things in outer space.
Media features
Video thumbnail Preview where, by hovering over a video thumbnail, the video automatically starts playing
Image search with continuous scrolling images results page that has adjustable settings for size, layout, color, style and people.
Video search with adjustable setting for length, screen size, resolution and source
Bing for Mobile
Discover Bing
Decision Engine
Bing Community
Bing Webmaster Center
Bing Developer Center
2009 establishments in the United States
The Boy Scouts of America or BSA is an organization for children and teens with over 5 million members across the United States.
They try to give young people life values.
BSA includes Cub Scouts, which is for children ages 6–11, Scouts BSA, which is for youth ages 11–17, and Venturing and Sea Scouts, for youth ages 14–20.
Scouts BSA was called Boy Scouts until it started allowing girls in 2019.
Scouts BSA are ages 11–17 and belong to troops, groups of Scouts associated with a church, school or post.
Cub Scouts are scouts ages 6–11 and belong to packs.
Cub Scouts include Tigers (age 6-7), Wolfs (age 7-8), Bears (age 8-9), and Webelos (age 9-11).
Older Scouts can be Venturer Scouts.
The Boy Scouts of America were founded by American writer W. D. Boyce, in 1910, but were similar to Scouting groups in Great Britain and other early scout movements.
James E. West helped out the BSA in its early years, but also made the BSA more religious than scouts were in Europe.
Scouting grew in the 1910s and 20s due to the rise of “boy’s books” devoted to Scouting and the First World War.
Scouting had many members during the 1960s, but has declined since the 1970s, despite an attempt to make scouting modern by changing requirements and adding more merit badges.
Over the years, the BSA has taken some stands that many Americans did not like.
These included being against unions (organized workers) in the 1920s, requiring Scouts to believe in God, and not allowing gays to join Scouting.
An important part of scouting is earning ranks.
There are seven ranks in Scouts BSA: Scout, Tenderfoot, 2nd Class, 1st Class, Star, Life and Eagle.
The first four focus on learning basic scout skills, including camping, cooking, swimming, first aid (basic medical care), citizenship,  orienteering (use of a map and compass), and pioneering (tying knots).
The final three focus on earning merit badges, serving the troop and serving the community.
Eagle Scouts must plan and finish a project that benefits something other than Scouting, and earn 21 merit badges.
They must also hold a position of leadership in the troop.
Only about 2 or 3% of Scouts earn Eagle, but some of the ones that have include Gerald Ford and Neil Armstrong.
Oath and law
Scout Oath
"On my honor I will do my best, to do my duty to God and my country and to obey the Scout Law; to help other people at all times; to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight".
Scout Law
trustworthy,
loyal,
helpful,
friendly,
courteous,
kind,
obedient,
cheerful,
thrifty,
brave,
clean, and
reverent.
Scouting movement
Counterfeit is the sale or manufacture of items that have not been made by real companies or have been made illegally.
Nearly anything can be counterfeit, but most counterfeiting is of clothing and other small items such as bags, medicines, money, watches, or jewellery.
Most things can be sold without people realizing that they are counterfeit and that they could possibly be breaking the law by buying the counterfeit goods.
Money can also be counterfeited.
Sometimes people make fake cash, and this is considered to be counterfeit.
The United States Secret Service investigates people who do this.
zh:假幣
Limoux () is a French commune, a subprefecture in the Aude department.
It is in the Occitanie region.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Limoux.
Limoux is along the Aude river and is about  due south of Carcassonne.
The commune of Limoux has an area of .
Its average altitude is  and the city hall is an altitude of .
The commune of Limoux is surrounded by the communes:
The inhabitants of Limoux are known, in French, as Limouxins (women: Limouxines).
With a population of 10,275, Limoux has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Limoux forms, with other 4 communes, the urban area of Limoux with a population of 12,883 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Limoux, formed by 16 communes with a population of 15,560 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Limoux is a subprefecture of the Aude department, the capital of the arrondissement of Limoux and the administrative centre () of the canton La Région Limouxine, with 19,978 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Le Limouxin ().
Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Catalonia, Spain
The town is well known for its wine called Limoux wine.
It also has a Winter festival called Fècos.
It is often called Carnaval de Limoux in France.
It is usually between January and Easter.
Weekly market every Friday (or Thursday if a public holiday falls on a Friday).
Flea market or Brocante the first Sunday of each month on the Promenade du Tivoli.
Evening markets on Tuesdays in July and August.
The Musée Petiet (Tourist Information Office),
Musée du Piano (Museum of the piano)
CathaRama (a history of the Cathar movement).
Winery tours at Sieur d'Arques and Aimery.
Jardin aux Plantes la Bouichère - Flassian, 2 hectares of gardens which is home to various collections of increasingly rare plant varieties.
Mairie de Limoux website
Photos of Limoux
Aude in photos: Limoux (163 photos)
Site de la Bande de Carnaval de Limoux ’Les Limouxins’
Tamaddun Majlish () was an Islamic cultural organization in East Bengal.
Tamddun Majlish was the founder of the historic Language Movement.
The Sindh Valley, is a valley in a mountain range which is north of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir.
The valley begins in Gandarbal and ends near Baltal and the start of the Zojila Pass.
Sindh Valley is the main route between Kashmir and Central Asia.
Paktia ( - Paktyā) is a province under Afghanistan.
Its capital (city) is Gardez.
There are about 1.3 million people who live in the Province.
Most of the people are Pashtun.
Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Sun for short) was an American company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services.