the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Maria Ewing, American opera singer (b. 1950)
Dwayne Hickman, American actor (b. 1934)
Toshiki Kaifu, 76th and 77th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1931)
Bob Saget, American comedian, television presenter and actor (b. 1956)
Herbert Achternbusch, German movie director, writer and painter (b. 1938)
Vladimir Dolgov, Russian swimmer and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1961)
Robert Durst, American convicted murderer and real estate businessman (b. 1943)
Deon Lendore, Trinidad and Tobago sprinter and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1992)
Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este, Italian aristocrat (b. 1930)
Abdurrahman Vazirov, Leader of the Azerbaijan SSR (b. 1930)
Anatoly Alyabyev, Russian biathlete and Olympic champion (b. 1951)
Ahmet Yılmaz Çalık, Turkish footballer (b. 1994)
David Sassoli, 16th President of the European Parliament (b. 1956)
Guy Sajer, French soldier, writer ​and cartoonist (b. 1927)
Ernest Shonekan, 9th Head of State of Nigeria (b. 1936)
Luis Castañeda, Peruvian politician and lawyer (b. 1945)
Ronnie Spector, American singer (b. 1943)
Jean-Jacques Beineix, French movie director and screenwriter (b. 1946)
Werner Delmes, German field hockey player and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1930)
Raúl Vilches, Cuban volleyball player and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1954)
Ricardo Bofill, Spanish architect (b. 1939)
Ron Goulart, American comics writer and historian (b. 1933)
Alice von Hildebrand, Belgian-born American philosopher and theologian (b. 1923)
Dave Wolverton, American writer (b. 1957)
Rink Babka, American discus thrower and Olympic silver medalist (b. 1936)
Nino Cerruti, Italian stylist (b. 1930)
Carmela Corren, Israeli-Austrian singer and actress (b. 1938)
Françoise Forton, Brazilian actress (b. 1957)
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, 6th Prime Minister and 5th President of Mali (b. 1945)
Birju Maharaj, Indian dancer, composer and singer (b. 1938)
Armando Gama, Portuguese pop singer-songwriter (b. 1954)
Yvette Mimieux, American actress (b. 1942)
Michel Subor, French actor (b. 1935)
Sir David Cox, British statistician (b. 1924)
Paco Gento, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1933)
Dick Halligan, American musician and movie composer (b. 1943)
Lusia Harris, American basketball player and Olympic silver medalist (b. 1955)
Paavo Heininen, Finnish composer and pianist (b. 1938)
André Leon Talley, American fashion journalist (b. 1948)
Hans-Jürgen Dörner, German footballer, manager and Olympic champion (b. 1951)
Nils Arne Eggen, Norwegian footballer and manager (b. 1941)
Elmar Fischer, Austrian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1936)
Stanisław Grędziński, Polish Olympic sprinter (b. 1945)
Hardy Krüger, German actor and writer (b. 1928)
Anatoly Malofeyev, Belarusian politician (b. 1933)
Anatoliy Novikov, Ukrainian judoka and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1947)
Gaspard Ulliel, French actor and model (b. 1984)
Heidi Biebl, German alpine skier and Olympic champion (b. 1941)
Gernot Böhme, German philosopher and writer (b. 1937)
Benjamin Kogo, Kenyan steeplechase runner and Olympic silver medalist (b. 1944)
Meat Loaf, American singer and actor (b. 1947)
Elza Soares, Brazilian singer (b. 1930)
Louie Anderson, American stand-up comedian, actor and game show host (b. 1953)
James Forbes, American basketball player and Olympic silver medalist (b. 1952)
Clark Gillies, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1954)
Arnis Līcītis, Latvian actor (b. 1946)
Marcel Mauron, Swiss footballer (b. 1929)
Zhang Jie, Chinese writer (b. 1937)
António Lima Pereira, Portuguese footballer (b. 1952)
Thích Nhất Hạnh, Vietnamese Zen Buddhist monk (b. 1926)
Serge Korber, French movie director and screenwriter (b. 1936)
Barbara Krafftówna, Polish actress (b. 1928)
Keto Losaberidze, Georgian archer and Olympic champion (b. 1949)
Jean-Claude Mézières, French comic book artist (b. 1938)
Thierry Mugler, French fashion designer (b. 1948)
Olavo de Carvalho, Brazilian polemicist and conspiracy theorist (b. 1947)
Szilveszter Csollány, Hungarian gymnast and Olympic champion (b. 1970)
Fatma Girik, Turkish actress and politician (b. 1942)
Miriam Naor, 11th President of the Supreme Court of Israel (b. 1947)
Etchika Choureau, French actress (b. 1929)
Barry Cryer, English comedian and screenwriter (b. 1935)
Vladimir Gubarev, Russian playwright and journalist (b. 1938)
Wim Jansen, Dutch footballer and manager (b. 1946)
Esteban Edward Torres, American politician (b. 1930)
Mark Tseitlin, Kyrgyz-born Israeli chess grandmaster (b. 1943)
Bud Brown, American politician (b. 1927)
Philippe Contamine, French historian (b. 1932)
René de Obaldia, French playwright and poet, member of the Académie Française (b. 1918)
Charanjit Singh, Indian field hockey player and Olympic champion (b. 1931)
Hans-Peter Lanig, German alpine skier and Olympic silver medalist (b. 1938)
Mel Mermelstein, Czechoslovakian-born American Holocaust survivor and writer (b. 1926)
Howard Hesseman, American actor (b. 1940)
Freddy Thielemans, Belgian politician (b. 1944)
Frans Aerenhouts, Belgian cyclist (b. 1937)
Cheslie Kryst, American television presenter, beauty queen and Miss USA winner (b. 1991)
Piero Gamba, Italian conductor and pianist (b. 1936)
Leonid Kuravlyov, Russian actor (b. 1936)
Robert Wall, American martial artist and actor (b. 1939)
January 31 – Voldemaras Novickis, Lithuanian handball player and Olympic champion (b. 1956)
Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, Secretary of the Guardian Council (b. 1919)
Shintaro Ishihara, 33rd Governor of Tokyo (b. 1932)
Wolfgang Schwanitz, 4th Head of the Stasi (b. 1930)
Maurizio Zamparini, Italian football executive (b. 1941)
Alberto Baillères, Mexican businessman (b. 1931)
Bill Fitch, American basketball coach (b. 1932)
Ed Foreman, American politician (b. 1933)
Ezio Frigerio, Italian costume designer and art director (b. 1930)
Monica Vitti, Italian actress (b. 1931)
Dieter Mann, German actor (b. 1941)
Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi, 2nd Leader of the Islamic State (b. 1976)
Christos Sartzetakis, 4th President of Greece (b. 1929)
February 4 – Don Johnston, 4th Secretary-General of the OECD (b. 1936)
Angélica Gorodischer, Argentine writer (b. 1928)
Boris Melnikov, Russian fencer and Olympic champion (b. 1938)
George Crumb, American composer (b. 1929)
Ronnie Hellström, Swedish footballer (b. 1949)
Syl Johnson, American singer, musician and record producer (b. 1936)
Ryszard Kubiak, Polish rowing coxswain and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1950)
Lata Mangeshkar, Indian playback singer, composer and politician (b. 1929)
Rex Cawley, American athlete and Olympic champion (b. 1940)
Margarita Lozano, Spanish actress (b. 1931)
Zbigniew Namysłowski, Polish jazz musician and composer (b. 1939)
Douglas Trumbull, American special effects supervisor and movie director (b. 1942)
Bill Lienhard, American basketball player and Olympic champion (b. 1930)
Luc Montagnier, French virologist and Nobel Prize winner (b. 1932)
Jackie Robinson, American basketball player and Olympic champion (b. 1927)
Gerhard Roth, Austrian writer (b. 1942)
Götz Werner, German businessman (b. 1944)
Abune Antonios, Eritrean Christian Patriarch (b. 1927)
Betty Davis, American singer-songwriter (b. 1944)
Joseph Horovitz, Austrian-born British composer, conductor and academic (b. 1926)
Ian McDonald, English musician (b. 1946)
Nora Nova, Bulgarian-German singer (b. 1928)
André Wilms, French actor and comedian (b. 1947)
Evgeniya Brik, Russian actress (b. 1981)
Sir Manuel Esquivel, 2nd Prime Minister of Belize (b. 1940)
Duvall Hecht, American rower, publisher and Olympic champion (b. 1930)
Eduard Kukan, Slovak politician (b. 1939)
Nikolai Manoshin, Russian footballer and manager (b. 1938)
Addai II Giwargis, Patriarch of the Ancient Church of the East (b. 1948)
Lula, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1946)
Rahul Bajaj, Indian businessman and politician (b. 1938)
Carmen Herrera, Cuban-born American artist (b. 1915)
Ivan Reitman, Czechoslovakian-born Canadian movie director and producer (b. 1946)
Berit Berthelsen, Norwegian athlete (b. 1944)
Halyna Sevruk, Uzbek-born Ukrainian artist (b. 1929)
Borislav Ivkov, Serbian chess Grandmaster (b. 1933)
Julio Morales, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1945)
Sandy Nelson, American drummer (b. 1938)
Bappi Lahiri, Indian singer-songwriter, record producer and composer (b. 1952)
P. J. O'Rourke, American political satirist, journalist, and author (b. 1947)
Józef Zapędzki, Polish sport shooter and Olympic champion (b. 1929)
Cristina Calderón, Chilean Yaghan writer (b. 1928)
Michel Deguy, French poet, editor and translator (b. 1930)
Luigi De Magistris, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1926)
Gail Halvorsen, American military pilot (b. 1920)
Andrey Lopatov, Russian basketball player and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1957)
Amos Sawyer, Interim President of Liberia (b. 1945)
David Brenner, American movie editor (b. 1962)
Steve Burtenshaw, English footballer and manager (b. 1935)
Máté Fenyvesi, Hungarian footballer and politician (b. 1933)
Jim Hagedorn, American politician (b. 1962)
Giuseppe Ros, Italian boxer and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1942)
February 18 – Héctor Pulido, Mexican footballer and manager (b. 1942)
David Boggs, American electrical and radio engineer (b. 1950)
Gary Brooker, English singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1945)
Dan Graham, American visual artist (b. 1942)
Kakuichi Mimura, Japanese footballer and manager (b. 1931)
Jacques Poos, Luxembourgian politician (b. 1935)
Karl Vaino, Estonian politician (b. 1923)
Eduardo Bonomi, Uruguayan politician and guerilla fighter (b. 1948)
Joni James, American singer (b. 1930)
Oleksandr Sydorenko, Ukrainian swimmer and Olympic champion (b. 1960)
Chor Yuen, Hong Kong movie director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1934)
Paul Farmer, American medical anthropologist (b. 1959)
Abdul Waheed, Pakistani field hockey player and Olympic champion (b. 1936)
K.P.A.C Lalitha, Indian actress (b. 1948)
Mark Lanegan, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1964)
Tatiana Birshtein, Russian molecular scientist (b. 1928)
Rehman Malik, Pakistani politician (b. 1951)
Antonietta Stella, Italian operatic soprano (b. 1929)
Ion Adrian Zare, Romanian footballer and manager (b. 1959)
Dmitry Debelka, Belarusian wrestler and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1976)
Sally Kellerman, American actress (b. 1937)
Ivanka Khristova, Bulgarian shot putter and Olympic champion (b. 1941)
John Landy, 26th Governor of Victoria and Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1930)
Henry Lincoln, British actor, screenwriter and author (b. 1930)
Gary North, American Christian social theorist and economist (b. 1942)
Vitalii Skakun, Ukrainian soldier (b. 1996)
February 26 – Danny Ongais, American racing driver (b. 1942)
Ichiro Abe, Japanese judoka (b. 1922)
Veronica Carlson, British actress, model and painter (b. 1944)
Marietta Giannakou, Greek politician (b. 1951)
February 28 – Abuzed Omar Dorda, 18th Prime Minister of Libya (b. 1944)
Chemistry –
Economics –
Literature –
Peace –
Physiology or Medicine –
Physics –
26 July – 11 August: 2024 Summer Olympics will be held in Paris, France.
5 November: The United States presidential election will take place.
SpaceX will send tourists to Mars.
May 3 - Corduroy
May 10 - Motor Rider
May 17 - The Lord of Talon II
March 31 – Yolanda Saldivar will be eligible for parole.
This event will occur during the 30th anniversary of American singer Selena's death.
Saldivar killed the twenty-three year-old singer at her Days Inn motel room in 1995.
The Giant Magellan Telescope is expected to be completed.
It was founded in 1999 with support from UNICEF and the Canadian International Development Agency.
In 2005 the co-founder Monira Rahman was granted the Human Rights Award of Amnesty International.
Acid attacks from 1999 to 2005
Comparative statistics of 2005 and 2006
Acid Survivors FoundationStatistics of Acid Attack 1999 to 2005
Organisations based in Bangladesh
Shmuel Yosef Agnon (July 17, 1888 – February 17, 1970) was an Israeli writer and winner of the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature.
He was one of the central figures of modern Hebrew fiction.
In Hebrew, he is known by the acronym Shai Agnon.
In English, his works are published under the name S. Y. Agnon.
Nobel Prize lecture
Acid throwing or vitriolage is a form of violent assault.
Sometimes the crime is called acid attack.
The attackers throw acid or other corrosive substances at their victims.
Usually they throw it at the targets' faces.
They want to damage skin tissue, even to expose and to dissolve the bones.
The consequences of these attacks include blindness and permanent scars of the face and body.
In India, the number of acid attacks have been rising.
There had been 68 acid attacks in Karnataka alone (of which Bengaluru is the capital) since 1999.
These are only the cases that have been reported.
Unlike India, Bangladesh has introduced the death penalty for throwing acid and laws strictly controlling the sales of acids since 2002.
An important role for the introduction of that legislation had the Acid Survivors Foundation.
Acid throwing is a crime in most countries in the world.
Many Islamic countries have the concept of qisas, or retributive justice.
With this, a victim can ask that the attacker be disfigured in a similar way.
That way, an Iranian court ordered that the attacker of a woman who was blinded by such an attack, be blinded as well.
According to researchers and activists, countries with many occurrences of acid attacks include Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, United Kingdom, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
Acid attacks have been reported however in countries around the world, including:
Hong Kong S.A.R.
Additionally, evidence for acid attacks exists in other regions of the world such as South America, Central and North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.
However, South Asian countries maintain the highest incidence of acid attacks.
Police in the United Kingdom have noted that many victims are scared to come forward to report attacks, meaning the nobody knows how many attacks have happened.
Bangladesh: Acid Attacks in Bangladesh: A Voice for the Victims
Cambodia: Living in the Shadows: Acid Attacks in Cambodia Report
China: Hospital offers surgery to victim of acid attack
South Asia: Acid attacks on the rise in South Asia
Pakistan: A 16 year old boy was badly injured in an acid attack after he refused a Muslim cleric's sexual advances
Thailand: 6 teens hurt in acid attack
Iran: Woman blinded by acid wants same fate for attacker
Nelly Sachs (; 10 December 1891 – 12 May 1970) was a German-Swedish poet and playwright.
She is a Nobel Prize winner and of Jewish descent.
In the Dwellings of Death
Nobel Prize Lecture
Swedish playwrights
Swedish poets
February 27 – Henry IV of France became the king of France.
March 21 – Henry IV of France entered Paris for the first time.
January 15 - NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft makes its first flyby of Mercury at 200 km height.
August 1 - Total solar eclipse that could be seen in Canada, Siberia, Mongolia and northern China.
October 6 - NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft makes the second flyby of Mercury.
April 13 - John Archibald Wheeler, theoretical physicist
April 16 - Edward Norton Lorenz, mathematician and meteorologist
April 29 - Albert Hofmann, chemist
May 15 - Willis Lamb, physicist, winner of the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physics
Years in science
Tikrit sometimes known as Takrit or Tekrit, is a city in Iraq, located  northwest of Baghdad and  southeast of Mosul on the Tigris River.
As of 2012, it has a population of 160,000.
At least 80% majority of the people are Sunni.
Saddam Hussein, leader of Iraq through April 2003, was born there; he considered it his hometown.
He was actually born in a village on the outskirts of Tikrit, however in a part of Tikrit municipality.
How Tikrit has Changed the War - Counteroffensive in Tikrit March 2015
Iraq Image - Tikrit Satellite Observation
March 3 - A total lunar eclipse happened that could be seen in some parts of America and Asia, and in all of Europe and Africa.
March 19 - A partial solar eclipse happened that could be seen in Asia.
April 25 - The planet Gliese 581 c was found.
August 28 - A total lunar eclipse happened that could be seen in some parts of America and Asia, and all of Australasia and the Pacific Ocean.
September 27 - NASA's spacecraft Dawn is launched.
July 23 - Ernst Otto Fischer
White nose syndrome (WNS) is a condition which has caused many bats in the United States and Canada to die.
The condition is named white nose because the affected bats have a fungus around their nose which is white.
It was discovered in February 2006.
The disease was first reported in January 2007 in some New York caves.
It spread to other New York caves and into Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut in 2008.
In early 2009 it was found in New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania.
West Virginia  In March 2010, it was found in Ontario, Canada, and Middle Tennessee.
In 2012, new cases showed up in northeastern Ohio, and Acadia National Park in Maine.
New confirmed cases appeared in 2013 in Georgia, South Carolina, and Illinois.
January 19 - The NASA spacecraft New Horizons was launched for a journey to Pluto.
January 25 - The planet OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb was found.
February 1 - The dwarf planet Eris was found to be bigger than Pluto.
March 19 - total solar eclipse that could be seen in Brazil, Greece, mid Atlantic Ocean, Sahara, Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia.
June 30 - scientists found 9 more natural satellites of Saturn.
August 24 - Pluto was ordered as a dwarf planet instead of a planet.
September 13 -  received the name Eris.
May 14 - Robert Bruce Merrifield, chemist
May 31 - Raymond Davis, Jr., chemist and physicist.
August 9 - James Van Allen, American space scientist
Peregrym lived in Surrey, British Columbia with her mom, dad, and sisters in her early childhood.
She played many sports as a child and through her teenage years.
She liked to play soccer, lacrosse, snowboarding and hockey.
She is currently dating Ben Roethlisberger.
Peregrym began her career as a model at the age of 18.
Later, she began to do commercials.
In 2002, she began acting and guest starring in a few shows, then she made her career breakthrough when she was 24 when she starred in the movie Stick It, where her main character was a tomboy athlete (much like herself).
Kenneth Martin Follett CBE (born 5 June 1949) is a Welsh writer, known as Ken Follett.
He was born in Cardiff, Wales.
Follett has written many detective books and history novels.
He has sold 100 million copies of his books.
The British National Party (or BNP for short) is a far-right political party in the United Kingdom.
The party's policies promote an end to Third World immigration, right-wing populism and Third position economics.
They are British nationalists.
They want to "keep Britain British" by not letting people from other countries move to the UK.
The party was led by Nick Griffin from 1999 until 2014 and the current leader of the BNP is Adam Walker.
In 2009, the party had 2 MEPs (Members of European Parliament) out of 73 British seats in the European Parliament.
Those two seats were held by Griffin and Andrew Brons.
It has no seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom or the devolved assemblies.
In November 2012 the British Democratic Party was started by Brons.
Brons started the party after leaving the BNP in October 2012.
Brons wants the BDP to end the BNP.
He does not like the BNP because he thinks its ideology is not extreme enough.
Griffin lost his seat in the European Parliament in 2014.
1970s establishments in the Netherlands
A road number is usually given to a portion of public roadway.
The chosen number often depends on the type of road.
The numbers will be different if the road is an interstate, a motorway, an arterial thoroughfare, a two-lane road, and so forth.
In the United Kingdom, the road number has a letter and a number.
It is between 1 and 4 digits long.
For instance, the main road from London to Edinburgh is called the A1.
The "A" means it is a first class route.
This also means it is more important than "B" roads.
The A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 begin in London and go towards various towns around the coast.
Roads which start in the area between the A1 and the A2 must start with the number 1 (A137, B1412), etc.
Scotland is also divided into zones by the A7, A8 and A9 leave from Edinburgh.
Motorways have the letter "M", for example the M25.
Motorways have a different numbering system from "A" and "B" roads.
January 26 - The European Space Agency's SMART-1 sends back close range pictures of the lunar surface.
February 23 - Astronomers announce discovery of the new galaxy VIRGOHI21 that's made mostly of dark matter.
November 30 - Surgeons in France did the first face transplant.
February 3 - Ernst W. Mayr, important evolutionary biologist
January 3 - NASA's Spirit rover lands on Mars.
January 24 - NASA's Opportunity rover lands on Mars.
March 2 - NASA says that the area where their Mars probe Opportunity landed shows unmistakable signs of contact with water in the geological past.
March 4 - NASA's Spirit finds proof of past contact with water in volcanic rocks on Mars.
April 20 - NASA launched the Gravity Probe B to test the general theory of relativity of Einstein.
October 27 - The Homo floresiensis has been discovered by Peter Brown, Michael Morwood and their colleagues.
September 13 - Astronomers from the European Southern Observatory announce images that seem to show a planet orbiting a brown dwarf about 230 light years away.
November 15 - The SMART-1 space probe reaches orbit around the Moon.
It is the first European space mission to do so.
March 15 - John Pople, British Nobel Prize winning chemist
July 3 - Andriyan Nikolayev, cosmonaut
July 28 - Francis Crick, found the double helix in DNA
Midwest Radio and Midwest Irish Radio are an Irish radio station in County Mayo, Ireland.
Its studios are on Clare Street, Ballyhaunis.
The station started in 1989.
When first opened the Midwest Radio studios were in Abbey Street, Ballyhaunis, Co. Mayo.
Its target audience is people over 35 and it mainly broadcasts country music and classic hits.
Some of the station's programmes do contain current chart music such as The Breakfast Show, The Late Late Lunchbox and The Hot Hits Hour.
The station broadcasts live every day from 7:00 am to 1:00 am.
The latest JNLR/MRBI radio listener survey shows that Mid West Radio is by far the most popular radio station in Connacht with a market-share of 52.2%.
Midwest Radio's franchise area is county Mayo although it can be heard in various parts of Connacht.
Midwest Radio started an online only radio station, Midwest Irish Radio, in 2005.
This has a different programme to Midwest Radio, although The Mid Morning Show does broadcast on Midwest Irish Radio.
Most of its broadcasts are non stop Irish music.
It's sister station Northwest Radio shut down in 2004.
10.00pm to 1.00pm - Monday to Friday
9.00am-9.45am Faith Alive With Fr.
Brenden Hoban And Monica Morley
Radio stations in Europe
It was founded in 1898.
The RSDLP program was based on Marxism and socialism.
The party wanted to head the workers of Russia and to throw down the Tsar.
Some members of the party wanted democracy.
They were called "Mensheviks".
Other members of the party spoke for the dictatorship of the working class.
They were called "Bolsheviks".
The leaders of the Menshevik group were Martov and Potresov.
The leaders of the Bolshevik group were Plekhanov and Lenin.
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was an illegal party.
It fought against the autocracy, organized meetings and strikes, and printed illegal newspapers blaming the Tsar and his government.
Many members of the party were arrested, put into prison or condemned to penal servitude.
During the Russian Civil War, the RSDLP was banned by Communists.
Some Social Democrats became Communists, some fled from Russia, others became political prisoners.
Communist parties in Russia
Signed Number representations are used to solve the problem of representing negative integers in binary.
The problem of trying to store the negative sign (−) of a binary number is that there are no states left to use with which to represent the negative assignment.
It is not possible to just use 'off' for minus and 'on' for plus because the computer would have no way of knowing whether it was a digit or a sign.
To overcome this issue computer designers invented two methods for storing negative binary numbers: sign-and-magnitude and 2's complement.
These produce alternative representations for signed numbers.
Sign-and-magnitude
0000 0010 (2)
1000 0010 (-2)
This method of storing negative binary numbers does not work because binary arithmetic won't work.
1's complement
1111 1101 (-2)
2's complement
2's Complement is a more difficult way of storing negatives.
There are four steps for it:
Your number must not be using the most significant (leftmost) bit.
If it is, you need another bit to represent it.
Find the positive binary number (e.g. 8base 10 = 0000 1000base 2).
Swap the 1s for 0s and the 0s for 1s (e.g. 0000 1000base 2 becomes 1111 0111base 2).
This is known as "flipping the bits", or applying logical NOT to the original base 2 representation.
Add 1 (e.g. 1111 0111base 2 + 1base 2 = 1111 1000base 2).
It's like sign and magnitude; a negative number starts with a 1 and a positive number starts with a 0.
The binary arithmetic will work.
There is only one value for 0 (0000 0000base 2).
The Kingpin (Wilson Fisk) is a fictional character in the Marvel Universe.
The character first appears in The Amazing Spider-Man #50 (July 1967), and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Romita, Sr.
The Kingpin often appears as an adversary of Spider-Man, Daredevil and the Punisher.
Police Academy: The Animated Series (1988 - 1989) - Kingpin appears in some episodes with the crimes gang.
Spider-Man (1994)
Kingpin is the main antagonist of both the 2003 movie Daredevil played by Michael Clarke Duncan and the 2015 Netflix original television series Daredevil set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe in which he is played by Vincent D'Onofrio.
Kingpin is also the villain of the animated movie Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.
The Centre Pompidou Metz is a museum of modern and contemporary art.
It is in Metz, France.
It shows sculptures, modern and contemporary paintings and graphic art.
The architecture of the building is inspired by a traditional Chinese hat.
The carpentry is an innovative assembly made of sixteen kilometers of wood.
Inaugural exhibition of 2010
La Femme à la guitare, Georges Braque,
La Tristesse du Roi, Henri Matisse,
L'Aubade, Nu couché et musicien, Pablo Picasso,
Le Violon d'Ingres, photographie, Man Ray,
La Maison tropicale, architectural prototype conceive by Jean Prouvé.
Centre Pompidou - Metz
Real numbers in binary have to be stored in a special way in a computer.
Computers represent numbers as binary integers (whole numbers that are powers of two), so there is no direct way for them to represent non-integer numbers like decimals as there is no radix point.
One way computers bypass this problem is floating-point representation, with "floating" referring to how the radix point can move higher or lower when multiplied by an exponent (power).
In mathematics and science, very large and very small numbers are often made simpler and multiplied to a power of ten to make them easier to understand.
For example, it can be much easier to read 1.2 trillion as  than 1,200,000,000,000.
This can also be used with negative powers of ten to make small numbers, meaning you can represent 0.000001  as .
This process is called scientific notation.
Since computers are limited to integers and binary, this means they cannot easily represent fractional decimal numbers.
In order to represent fractional numbers, computers use three sets of binary numbers to make a scientific notation representation.
They are: the signed bit, which determines if the number is positive (0) or negative (1); the significand, which is an integer (whole) version of the number; and the exponent, which is the power you multiply the base by.
Significand
The significand is found by taking your number and moving the radix point until there is no fractional part, making it into an integer.
In decimal this is making 1.45 into 145 by moving the point right 2 steps, and in binary this would be making 1101.0111 (13.4375) into 1101 0111 (215) by moving the point right 4 steps; in both cases these numbers aren't related to one another outside using the same digits in a similar ordering.
The exponent is the number of digits the radix point has moved past: if it moves left then the exponent is negative, but if it moves right then it is positive.
As above, making 1.45 into 145 requires you to multiply by 100, so the exponent is 2 as .
Equally, turning 1101.0111 (13.4375) into 1101 0111 (215) requires you to move the radix point four columns to the right, so the exponent is 4; this can be verified in decimal as .
Since the process is inverted to most cases of scientific notation, as it involves making a faction into an integer rather than turning a large integer into a fraction, exponents are generally negative to move the decimal place to the left; in decimal this would be turning your integer 145 back into the fractional number 1.45 by multiplying it by .
Instead of using an signed leftmost bit the exponent is instead biased, giving 32-bit float exponents a range of  to .
The output value of the biased exponent can be found by adding 127 to it:
Decimal to Bicimal
Let's assume, for example, we want to represent the decimal number 37.40625 to its binary counterpoint: a bicimal (or binary decimal/fraction).
First, we need to take our decimal number, which is in powers of 10, and convert it to binary, which is in powers of 2.
One way to do this is to subtract the largest power of two possible until you reach zero:
Using the powers of two above, we can represent our decimal number  as follows:
Bicimal to Float
We have validated that our decimal number  is represented in binary as .
However, the issue with computers is that they represent numbers as integer powers of two using bits, which makes fractional and negative numbers complicated.
In accordance with IEEE-754, the way this is commonly done with a computer is to create a 32-bit floating point number that consists of three parts: the sign, 1 bit to determine if our number is positive or negative; the exponent, 8 bits to represent our exponent and to which we add 127 to avoid signed bytes; and our significand, which is our binary number without a bicimal point spread across 23 bits.
Since we need to move our bicimal point 5 places to make  into the significand  our exponent is .
By using a 32-bit float we can represent 37.40625 like this:
South Petherton is a small town in Somerset, a county in England.
Over 4, 000 people live there.
Anything related to Norway
Norwegian Air Shuttle, an airline
Norwegians, the people of Norway
A markup language is a computer language.
It is made up of a set of instructions, and of data.
It is not the same as a programming language, as only programming languages can have if statements and other conditional statements.
The first markup languages were used for printing; there was the text, and there were instructions how the text should be printed.
The source code is generally done in ASCII.
Then there are tags.
That way, LaTeX (and with that, Wikipedia), uses the instruction \mu to get the symbol , the Greek letter "Mu".
HTML uses &micro; to get the same symbol.
Alan Davies (born 6 March 1966) is an English comedian, writer and actor.
He is best known for starring in Jonathan Creek and for being a panellist on QI.
Davies was born in Loughton, Essex.
His childhood years were spent in Chingford, London.
Davies' mother died when he was six.
He graduated in Drama from the University of Kent in 1988.
In 2008, Davies was in the teen comedy Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging.
Davies' first book, the autobiographical My Favourite People and Me, 1978-88, was published by Penguin Books in late 2009.
Davies married writer Katie Maskell on 13 January 2007 after a 6-month engagement.
The couple met backstage at QI in 2005.
Their first child, Susie, was born on 9 December 2009.
Their second child, Robert, was born on 18 June 2011.
In late 2007 he made UK national news.
The Times and Daily Telegraph reported that Davies was involved in a fight and bit the ear of a homeless man.
Davies had just left a wake at the nearby Groucho Club.
Davies is no longer allowed at the Groucho Club.
Alumni of the University of Kent
A Ponzi scheme is a special kind of fraud.
It is based on a fake investment that one schemer (or group of schemers) gets other people to give money to.
In Ponzi schemes, the schemer basically says, "I found a great way to make money fast.
The more you give me, the more I can invest in that cause, and the more I can earn for us all".
But a Ponzi scheme doesn't actually "earn money".
Instead, all of the scheme's money comes from the investors.
Once a Ponzi scheme gets too many investors, the system will always crash.
This is because the investors all expect more money than they invested, and they will get impatient.
The schemer runs away with the money they got.
This is what schemers try to do.
The schemer runs out of money; They will be unable to promise money back right away.
This is called liquidity, and makes investors panic and demand their money back, often all at once.
Authorities (or sometimes whistleblowers on the inside) find out about the scheme and stop it.
The scheme was named after a man named Charles Ponzi.
He used the scheme after moving from Italy to the United States in 1903. (
Ponzi didn't invent the scheme, though.
In 1857, Charles Dickens wrote a book called Little Dorrit about a scheme like this.
The scheme is a simple idea, and probably very old.)
However, Ponzi's scheme was so big that it became the most popular.
His original scheme was based on using countries' money-exchange rates to make money, based on international postage stamps.
But money soon stopped being invested in coupons, and went to early investors, and a lot to Ponzi himself.
People advertising Ponzi schemes often use impressive words, that are actually very vague.
Hedge Futures Trading (taking a good risk)
High-yield investment programs (gives you back a lot of money)
Offshore Investment (makes money easily in other countries)
Schemers often depend on investors not actually knowing about economics.
The Madoff scandal of 2008 showed that even sophisticated people like bankers can fall for them.
People are fooled by the schemer seeming to have financial skill or reputation.
Sometimes, the schemers claim that money can only be made if the investment is kept a secret (away from the authorities or public).
For example, Bernard Madoff only allowed the accounting firm run by his brother-in-law to perform audits on his "hedge fund", claiming it had to be kept a secret to earn money.
Since the investment is very vague, not many investors come very fast.
But the scheme often gets speed like this:
An early investor earns money and gets to keep it.
It's actually money from a later investor, but the early investor doesn't know this.
This investor is very happy, and tells other people about the "investment", wanting to help the "investment" make more money for all of them.
New investors tell more investors, etc.
Schemers often try to tempt the early investors to "re-invest" the money they've "earned".
Schemers sometimes send investors "invoices", showing investors how much they've "earned" and how much they'll keep "earning" if they keep "investing".
Schemers also try to make sure new investors can't take their money back, by making the rules tighter.
In this case, the schemer will often have a few investors say they kept their money, making the investment still look productive enough to be good.
What is not a Ponzi scheme
A multilevel pyramid scheme is like a Ponzi scheme.
Both rely on fake financial promises and investments, but there are differences:
In a multilevel scheme, the second "level" of investors find their own investors to make a third "level", each profiting directly from the next level.
Ponzi schemes "center" around the original schemer.
Multilevel schemes only brag about the money the investors from getting new investors.
This makes multilevel schemes look good to poor people.
Ponzi schemes brag about having special connections with hard-to-find sources.
This makes Ponzi schemes look good to rich people
Multilevel schemes "crash" faster.
This is because multilevel schemes depend completely on finding new victims.
Ponzi schemers can just tempt early investors to reinvest the money they've gotten.
A bubble: A "bubble" is about re-selling.
A bubble is when people buy up all of a product they can, to re-sell it all at a higher price, as many times as they can.
The bubble "pops" when buyers stop buying the product, and re-sellers are stuck with product they paid too much for. (
The product can be anything.)
As long as buyers keep paying more, re-sellers can keep making money.
Bubbles don't even need central schemers, because people can do this accidentally. (
For example, land prices can "bubble" this way.
Prices can increase from wanting to build close to big neighborhoods.
Once there's no more new land, re-sellers are stuck with their land.)
Bubbles are often said to be based on the "greater fool" theory (depending on people who are "fooled" into paying "greater" prices).
But really, according to the Austrian Business Cycle Theory, bubbles are caused by giving loans to buyers for a certain kind of transaction, and in this case would qualify as a Ponzi scheme.
In this case, the loan-givers are the schemers, making money from the losing re-sellers.
"Robbing Peter to pay Paul": This is when people with debt borrow money to pay their debt, and borrow more money to pay back that debt.
This is not a Ponzi scheme, because the debt-havers were not promised high returns or anything.
Also, the lenders don't always make money.
Multi-level marketing: Multi-level marketing (MLM) is when companies sell investors things to re-sell directly to customers.
Re-sellers can also make money by referring new re-sellers to the company.
This may seem similar to a pyramid scheme, but it's not always the same thing.
Honest and legal multi-level markets do exist, and a lot of them simply make money by buying in bulk..
Ponzi scheme definition with distinctions, history, and other information
Commercial crime
In 1764, the people that were living in the Peravia Valley bought some land in Cerro Gordo (part of the valley) to build a new town.
The new town was given the name of Baní after the river that is found to the east of the town.
After the independence from Haiti in 1844, the country was divided in five provinces and in 1845 Baní was made a municipality of the old province of Santo Domingo.
In 1944, Baní was made the capital city of the new province José Trujillo Valdéz, now with the name of Peravia.
The municipality had, in , a total population of 92,153: 44,841 men and 47,312 women.
Baní has a total area of  (without including its municipal districts), about  of the total area of the small province of Peravia.
The city is an elevation of , and at  to the west of Santo Domingo.
The western and northern part of the municipality (and of the province) has many mountains that are part of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range"); this range is called here Sierra de Ocoa.
To the northeast of the city, there is a small karstic region with small cone-shaped hills that are called here as cucuruchos.
In the southern half of the municipality there are several small valleys and savannas such as the Peravia Valley, where the city of Baní is located, and Sabana de Paya (Paya savanna) around the town of Paya.
The municipality of Baní has the Azua province to the west, the San José de Ocoa to the north, the San Cristóbal province to the west and the municipality of Nizao to the southwest.
The month with the most precipitation on average is October with  of rainfall, followed by June with .
The month with the least rainfall on average is March with an average of  and the second is January with .
Baní is in a hot region; the average temperature for the year is .
Morgan Porterfield Freeman Jr. (born June 1, 1937) is an Afro-American actor and movie producer.
Freeman was born in Memphis, Tennessee on June 1, 1937.
He started acting when he was nine years old in a school play and at age 12 won a drama competition in his home State.
Morgan worked many acting jobs until 1968 when he got his first role on Broadway in a Musical called Hello, Dolly!.
He is known for his soft-spoken voice.
He has donated several amounts of money to the Democratic Party.
Once he stated that "Republicans scare me."
Brubaker as Walter (1980)
Unforgiven as Ned Logan (1992)
The Shawshank Redemption as Red (1994)
Outbreak as Gen. Billy Ford (1995)
Se7en as Detective Lt.
William Somerset (1995)
Bruce Almighty as God (2002)
Batman Begins as Lucius Fox (2005)
Evan Almighty as God (2007)
The Dark Knight as Lucius Fox (2008)
Invictus as Nelson Mandela (2009)
RED as Joe (2010)
The Dark Knight Rises as Lucius Fox (2012)
Olympus Has Fallen as Speaker of the House Allan Trumbull (2013)
The Lego Movie as Vitruvius (2014)
Transcendence as Joseph Tagger (2014)
Ted 2 as Patrick Meighan (2015)
London Has Fallen as Vice President Allan Trumbull (2016)
The Nutcracker and the Four Realms as Drosselmeyer (2018)
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (;  – 21 February 1984) was a Russian writer.
He won the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Sholokhov was accused of plagiarizing And Quiet Flows the Don, which made his international reputation.
Sholokhov's detractors claimed that it was written by Fyodor Kryukov, a Cossack and anti-Bolshevik,  who died in 1920.
In 1987, several thousand pages of notes and drafts of the work were discovered and authenticated, including chapters excluded from the final draft.
An analysis of the novel has unambiguously proved Sholokhov's authorship.
The writing paper dates back to the 1920s: 605 pages are in Sholokhov's own hand, and 285 are transcribed by his wife Maria and sisters.
Dire Straits was a British rock band from Newcastle, England.
They formed in 1977 and have sold more than 120 million albums worldwide and also won three Grammy Awards.
Dire Straits (1978)
Communiqué (1979)
Making Movies (1980)
Love over Gold (1982)
Brothers in Arms (1985)
On Every Street (1991)
ExtendedancEPlay
On the Night
The Best of Dire Straits & Mark Knopfler: Private Investigations
Official band members websites
Mark Knopfler's official website
David Knopfler's official website
Hal Lindes' official website
John Abbey Walk of Life
Guy Fletcher's official website jnbjlonbojbikbikhb
Mark Knopfler's authorised biography, retracing much of the band's life
Interview with John Illsley
Dire Straits interviews, lyrics, photos and guitar tabs
1995 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Kathryn Janeway is a character in the American TV series Star Trek: Voyager.
She is the captain of the starship Voyager.
Star Trek: Voyager characters
Tikhon Khrennikov (born Yelets, Russian Empire, 10 June 1913; died Moscow, 14 August 2007) was a Russian musician.
He was a composer and pianist He got involved in the musical politics of his country, which was then the Soviet Union.
A lot of people hated him, especially in western countries.
He is particularly remembered for what he did at the unpleasant conference in 1948, when some of the most famous Soviet composers, including Shostakovich and Prokofiev, were made to say they were sorry for the music they had written and that they would compose better music in future.
In the days of the Soviet Union, and especially under Stalin, musicians had to be very careful about what they did and how they composed.
Music, like all arts, was supposed to make people feel that they were lucky to be living in a great country like the Soviet Union.
If composers wrote music that the politicians did not like or understand, life became very difficult for them: they would not be allowed to compose, and their music could not be performed.
They might even be sent to prison.
Tikhon Khrennikov became Secretary to the Union of Soviet Composers in 1948, at the time when Stalin was dictator.
He continued in this job until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
He made sure that all musicians obeyed their political leaders.
It is difficult for us today to judge the actions of Khrennikov fairly.
He survived because he did what he was told by Soviet dictators.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union he tried to say he was sorry for what he did.
It is difficult to judge whether he really meant this.
Tikhon Khrennikov was the youngest of ten children, born into a family of horse traders, in the town of Yelets in the Russian province of  Lipetsk in central Russia.
His family started to teach him the guitar and mandolin.
When he was nine he started learning the piano, and when he was 13 he started composing.
Three years later he was sent to the Gnesin Academy of Music, studying with the composer Mikhail Gnesin.
In 1932 he went on to the Moscow Conservatoire.
He studied composition with Vissarion Shebalin and piano with the famous teacher Heinrich Neuhauss who was later the teacher of Emil Gilels and Sviatoslav Richter.
His early works include a symphony, a piano concerto, and an opera  based on the book Into the Storm which was based on a novel Loneliness, a favourite book of Stalin.
His music was always happy and energetic.
He wrote music for 22 films and many patriotic songs.
He did everything he could to please Stalin, and soon he became Secretary of the Union of Soviet Composers.
In 1948 he headed a conference at which Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky and Shebalin (who had been his teacher), were told that they were bad “formalists”.
The word “formalist” has no meaning in music, but it was used by the politicians to describe anyone who was not obeying the politicians’ guidelines.
Khrennikov said at the conference that “we will stop all manifestations of formalism and popular decadence".
Shostakovich had given Khrennikov some friendly advice about his opera Into the Storm, but Khrennikov had been angry about being criticized and now he could get his own back.
Shostakovich made satirical remarks about Khrennikov in an opera Rayok which he never showed to anyone and was found amongst his papers after his death in 1975.
After the fall of the Soviet Union Khrennikov published a book That’s the Way It Was.
In this book he says that everybody had to obey political rules and he was only doing what everyone else did.
However, he then wrote some bad things about Shostakovich.
Khrennikov had also been an enemy of the composer  Alfred Schnittke.
He banned his music from being played, and was furious when it was performed in other countries.
He also banned music by other composers who have now become famous such as Sofia Gubaidulina and Viktor Suslin.
Khrennikov was, however, not all bad.
He supported Shostakovich and Prokofiev for getting the Stalin Prizes in the 1950s.
He also invited Stravinsky, who had been exiled to the United States,  to revisit the Soviet Union in 1962.
When he was in his eighties, Khrennikov continued to compose many comic operas, operettas and ballets.
They always had tunes that were easy for people to enjoy.
The Soviet state gave him many prizes for the work he did: three Stalin Prizes, a State Prize of the USSR and a Lenin Prize.
Before his death he was even given an award by Vladimir Putin, which makes it seem as if Russia might be returning to its past values.
Tikhon Khrennikov: Obituary (The Independent, 16 August 2007).
Official Site of Tikhon Khrennikov
Seven of Nine is a character in Star Trek: Voyager.
She is an ex-Borg and is the science officer on the star ship Voyager.
When she was very young, Seven of Nine was taken on an expedition by her parents, who were studying the Borg.
They were all assimilated; Seven of Nine and her parents (this is when the Borg change people or other aliens into Borg).
de:Figuren im Star-Trek-Universum#Seven of Nine
The Doctor is a character on the American television show Star Trek: Voyager.
He is a hologram with a database of medical knowledge and is the chief medical officer on Voyager.
James Paul "Jim" Gannon (born 7 September 1968) is an English former footballer and manager.
He is currently the manager and Director of Football of English Conference National team Stockport County F.C..
Lisa Marie Presley (born February 1, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter.
She is the only child of singer/actor Elvis Presley.
She owns Graceland, the mansion her father lived in.
She has released three albums.
Nine months to the day after her parents' wedding.