the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The View Askew universe is an example of this.
Kevin Smith wrote and directed the movie Clerks.
He produced the movie himself with a friend, Scott Mosier.
They named their production company, View Askew Productions.
This movie was an art film.
It had a small budget, dealt with personal issues and its actors were mainly Smith's friends and family.
Smith even played one of the characters himself.
The movie was very popular and sold well when it was released on DVD.
Universal Pictures, a large Hollywood studio, asked him to make a movie for them.
He used two of his characters from Clerks, Jay and Silent Bob, as part of the new movie.
He later used Jay (played by Jason Mewes and Silent Bob (played by Smith) is three other movies he wrote: Dogma, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back and Clerks 2, a sequel to Clerks.
Why are art movies different from regular movies?
David Bordwell is a professor from the United States.
He studies movies at a university.
He thought of a way of explaining what an "art film" is in 1979.
He wrote that art films are different from regular Hollywood movies.
Regular Hollywood movies have a clear story and plot.
Art film often have much stranger stories.
In an art film, the stories may be hard to understand.
As well, in an art film, the audience may have a hard time understanding what is going on.
Art movies are often about people's feelings and thoughts.
Art movies are often about big questions that a person has to answer about who they are or what they should do in a situation.
Palm OS is an operating system that is made to work on small computer devices, mostly Personal Digital Assistants.
Palm OS was first released in 1996, when the Palm 1000 was released.
The Urals stretch 2,500 km from the Kazakh steppes along the northern border of Kazakhstan to the coast of the Arctic Ocean.
The island of Novaya Zemlya forms a further continuation of the chain.
Geographically this range marks the northern part of the border between Asian and European sections of the Eurasian continent.
Its highest peak is Mount Narodnaya (Poznurr, 1895 m).
Five parts of the Ural Mountains
Mountains of Russia
Ishmael (, إ‎ ʾIsmāʿīl) was the first son of Abraham and Hagar, an Egyptian servant.
He and his mother had settled in the valley and was the meeting of Jurhum, nomads of Yemen and descendants of Joktan who had also spotted the water source and incorporate.
He is the father of the North Arabs (Adnanites).
It was derived from Abraham, descendant of Arpachshad, son of Shem, son of Noah, grandson of Methuselah and coming from line of Seth, son of Adam and Eve, first human.
In physical geography, a steppe is a plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes).
It is similar to a short-grass prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as North America, and the steppe is in eastern Europe and central Asia.
Sometimes the short-grass prairie in North America is also called a steppe.
Similar places in Africa are called savanna.
The world's largest steppe, sometimes called The Great Steppe, is in Russia.
The Mongolian Steppe, also known as the Eastern Steppe, is located in northern Mongolia.
It is between the Altai Mountains in the west and the Greater Khingan Region in the east.
Climate and Landscape
It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude.
It is the sort of climate that is in regions too dry for a forest, but not so dry that there are only deserts.
The soil is too moist for a desert, but too dry for normal forest life.
Steppes receive slightly more rain than deserts do.
The climates in steppes are usually temperate.
They are pretty dry because there is very minimal rain.
This is an open area, and often there were long distances between places with good water.
People who lived in this type of area were often nomads, often traveling by horses.
Genghis Khan was a great warrior from Mongolia who lived on the steppe.
The majority of people in the steppe are nomads.
Families in Mongolia live in "gers" which is a large portable tent.
Mongolians are also master horse riders so many families own many horses that roam the steppe.
The people in the steppe interact with the steppe with using the animals there for there food and drink.
They also have a very prominent musical culture with a wide variety of traditional Mongolian songs.
In the United States, the cowboy herded cattle in the steppe, moving from place to place by horse.
During the Dust Bowl in the 1930s in North America, farmers who had recently settled on the land and started farms suddenly found themselves without food.
Many of them left.
Eventually they learned to plow differently and plant crops that survived a drought better, and to plant trees in rows called windbreaks.
In geography, a plain is a large area of land with no hills or mountains.
Plains mostly are more suitable for farming than plateaus or mountains.
Australian Plains, Australia
Canterbury Plains, New Zealand
Gangetic Plains of India, Bangladesh, North India,Nepal
Great Plains, United States
Indus Valley Plain, Pakistan
Kantō Plain, Japan
Nullarbor Plain, Australia
Khuzestan Plain, Iran
Mazandaran Plain, Iran
Pannonian Plain, Central Europe
Salisbury Plain, England
Mentha, a genus of plants called mint
Mint (candy), a sweet food made with the flavor of mentha
Mint (money), a factory that makes currency
French fries (called chips in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Commonwealth, French fried potatoes or just fries in North America), is a potato-based dish that originated in Belgium.
The potatoes are cut into thin strips and fried in oil.
In the UK chips are seen as different to fries with chips being thicker cut than the thinner fries.
They are usually eaten with fish, burgers, sausages, pies, fried chicken, or by themselves.
Many things can be put on them to make them taste better, such as salt and vinegar, gravy, curry, cheese, ketchup or mayonnaise.
These extra flavours are called condiments.
In the UK, a chip shop is a shop which sells cooked chips, usually to take home to eat.
They also sell fried fish, sausages, pies, pickled eggs and pickled onions.
Fish and chips is a very popular meal in Great Britain, and other places.
American style burger take-aways, such as McDonald's, sell the thinner fries rather than chips.
French fries can be found in multiple locations around the world.
French fries are a delicious snack that ýou can make at home by using a deep fryer, potatoes, and salt.
You can also go to a fast food restaurant near you and get some.
Champagne (wine), a sparkling wine
Champagne (wine region), the area where the wine is made
Champagne (province), a historical region in France, ruled in the past by the Counts of Champagne
Champagne-Ardenne, a modern administrative region of France
Champagne (movie), a 1928 movie by Alfred Hitchcock
Champagne is a French sparkling wine.
It is named after the Champagne wine region in Grand Est.
This is a region in France with many vineyards that grow grapes and make wine.
Note that this region is not identical to the French region of Champagne-Ardenne, nor the historical province Champagne.
Champagne contains carbon dioxide.
One of the features of Champagne wine is that this carbon dioxide originates from a second fermentation in the bottle, and is not added.
Many people call all sparkling wines champagne but according to trade laws, only sparkling wine from the Champagne region can be called champagne.
Kinds of champagnes
Champagnes must be made from certain kinds of grapes.
They can be made from white Chardonnay grapes, or red Pinot Noir or Pinot Meunier grapes.
Even if red grapes are used, most champagnes look white or sometimes pink (rosé).
Champagnes have different names depending on how much sugar is added.
Here is a list of kinds of champagnes from least sweet (called "dry") to most sweet (called "wet"/"doux"):
brut zéro or brut natural - no sugar is added
extra brut
demi-sec
doux
Brut is the most common type of champagne.
Champagne, like all sparkling wines, is carbonated.
Because of all the bubbles, champagne is sometimes called bubbly (ex. "
We're going to have bubbly at our wedding.")
Champagne can be opened in a way that the cork "pops" out and the champagne sprays out in a bubbly foam.
Usually this is done only at celebrations.
It can be achieved by shaking the bottle before opening it.
Normally, care should be taken when opening champagne bottles so that it does not make a mess.
When done correctly, the cork will come out quietly, more like a sigh than a pop.
Champagne is usually served in a champagne flute (a tall, narrow glass).
The shape of the glass helps keep the bubbles for a longer time.
Champagne is always served cold (chilled).
The best temperature is 7 to 9 °C (43 to 48 °F).
Often the bottle is chilled in a bucket of ice before and after opening.
How to say it
In English it is pronounced like "shampain" ().
In French is sounds more like "shampanye" ().
Guy, Kolleen.
When Champagne became French: Wine and the Making of a National Identity.
Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
Robinson, Jancis (Ed.)
The Oxford Companion to Wine.
Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, second edition, 1999.
Prial, Frank J. Decantations.
New Yrk: St. Maritin's and grifin Publishers, 2001, p. 24.
Champagne reviews and tasting notes
French wines
Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar, nicknamed Caesarion (little Caesar; ; June 23, 47 BC – August, 30 BC) was the son of Cleopatra VII.
He ruled Egypt as a child along with Cleopatra until 30 BC.
He was murdered by Octavian, who would later become the Roman emperor Augustus.
Caesarion is probably the son of Julius Caesar.
If so, he is the only known son of Caesar.
47 BC births
Lorca is a town in Murcia, Spain.
The 2010 census recorded that 92,694 people live there.
On 11 May 2011, an earthquake occurred, causing the deaths of ten people.
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was born 6 June (26 May, Old Style) 1799, Moscow, and died 10 February 1837 (29 January, New Style), St Petersburg.
He was a Russian poet, novelist, dramatist and writer of short stories.
Many think he was the greatest Russian poet.
He started the great tradition of Russian literature.
Pushkin wrote in a way that no other Russian had done before: he used the Russian language as it was spoken instead of writing in a style based on old church books.
His influence on other Russian writers was enormous and several Russian composers set his stories and poems to music.
His poetry is very hard to translate well into other languages because the words are full of special meanings in Russian culture.
His novels, especially Eugene Onegin, are widely read.
Pushkin was the great-grandson of an African of the Tzar Peter the Great.
He was killed in a duel in 1837 at the age of 37.
Pushkin's father came from an old aristocratic family.
On his mother's side Pushkin had African ancestors.
His great-grandfather Abram Gannibal was an Abyssinian who was living in a palace of the Turkish sultan in Istanbul.
The Russian ambassador bought him as a present for Peter the Great, the tsar of Russia.
Gannibal became a favourite of Peter the Great and he was sent to Paris to study.
He became very rich.
Pushkin was proud of his great-grandfather and wrote about him in a novel called The Negro of Peter the Great.
In 19th century Russia all aristocratic families learned to speak French, so Pushkin and his brother and sister spoke and wrote in French more than in Russian.
The children were cared for by a nurse, Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva.
It was the nurse who taught them to love the Russian language.
She told the children Russian folktales.
Pushkin also spoke Russian to the peasants and he read many books in his father's library.
When he was 12 he went to a new school called the Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo.
Years later this school was renamed Pushkin after their famous pupil.
He soon started writing romantic poems in Russian using Russian tales of heroes and adventures.
Ruslan and Ludmila was a poem that was later to be made into an opera by Mikhael Glinka.
In 1817, Pushkin got a job in the foreign office at St. Petersburg.
He soon became interested in politics and supported the Decembrist revolt of 1825 when a group of noblemen and army officers tried to put another tsar in power and make him less powerful.
Pushkin wrote some political poems.
The result was that he was told he had to leave St. Petersburg.
He had to spend six years in exile in the south of the country: in the Caucasus and the Crimea.
He wrote about his experiences in the south in several romantic narrative poems (long poems which tell a story).
He started work on a novel in verse called Yevgeny Onegin (or Eugene Onegin).
He did not finish it until 1833.
This was to be his most famous work.
It was used by many musicians including Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky who made it into an opera.
The poem shows typical Russian people in the society of his day.
Pushkin was angry that he was still in exile and he wrote many letters to his friends.
Many of these letters were later published.
He spent a lot of time drinking, gaming and fighting with swords.
He fell in love with the daughter of a Count for whom he was working.
The Count managed to get Pushkin exiled to his mother's estate near Pskov at the other end of Russia.
Pushkin spent two years here.
He was lonely, but he studied Russian history and talked to the peasants.
The poems he wrote were full of ideas from Russian culture.
He wrote one of his major works: Boris Godunov, a drama about a story from Russian history.
The composer Modest Mussorgsky later made an opera from it.
Boris Godunov was a cruel tsar in the 17th century.
Pushkin's play shows that the ordinary people had a lot of power.
This made it difficult for Pushkin to get it published.
After the revolt in 1825 the new tsar Nicholas I realized that Pushkin was by now very famous.
He also realized that he had not taken part in the revolt, so he allowed him to return.
The tsar said that he himself would censor Pushkin's works before they were allowed to be published.
He said that he was going to be a good tsar and help the poor people (the serfs) to become free.
Pushkin was in a difficult position because he could not write anything that the tsar would not like.
He had to be very careful not to say bad things about the rulers of the country.
The police watched him very carefully.
Yet at this time Pushkin wrote a large number of great works, almost each one of them being the first of their kind in Russian literature.
One example is the short story The Queen of Spades, which Tchaikovsky made into an opera and which was to be a great influence on the novels of Fyodor Dostoevsky.
In his last years, Pushkin was again in government service in St. Petersburg.
He married in 1831 and had to spend a lot of time in society at court.
He wrote more and more prose.
He wrote a history of Peter the Great and a historical novel The Captain's Daughter.
He kept asking the tsar to let him resign from his job and go to the country to spend his time writing.
The tsar would not allow that.
In 1837, Pushkin was killed in a duel.
He had been forced to fight the duel in order to defend his wife's honour.
Pushkin’s achievements
The Russian language today would be very different if it had not been for Pushkin.
Using the language as it was spoken by the people he made it into a language which was simple but which could also express deep feelings.
His works were a great influence on later writers like Ivan Turgenev, Ivan Goncharov and Leo Tolstoy.
Yevgeny Onegin was the first Russian novel which told a story about the society of the time.
His works have been translated into all the major languages
Pushkin works available from archive.org (various languanges)
Pushkin poetical works
Alexander Pushkin Fairy Tales: Russian Text
1799 births
Exile means being sent away from the country or area where you live.
People are usually exiled for political reasons or sometimes because they have committed a crime.
They may have said bad things about the rulers in that country or tried to get into power themselves.
People are not exiled in democratic countries, but many famous people in history have been sent into exile.
Exile may mean that someone is sent out of the country, but sometimes they are sent to another part of the country (this is called "internal exile").
Sometimes people have made their own decision to leave their country as a protest against the way it was being ruled.
This is called "self-imposed exile".
In the Old Testament the Jews were exiled to Babylon.
In Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome people were often sent into exile.
For several centuries Russia (in the 20th century the Soviet Union) sent many people into exile, often to labour camps in Siberia.
Thousands of people from Europe including many famous people went to the United States when the Nazis came to power in Germany in the 1930s.
The cellist Pablo Casals went into self-imposed exile as a protest against the government of Francisco Franco.
He said he would not come back until Spain was a democracy.
But he never could, because he died two years before Franco.
Lager (which is short for Lager beer) is a kind of beer.
It is made from a kind of yeast.
Fermentation will be a slow process.
It usually has a clear color.
That color comes from the beer being stored for some time.
During that time, the yeast can settle at the bottom of the barrel.
The yeast is removed before the beer is bottled or served.
Types of beer
Ryszard Kapuściński ; 4 March 1932 – 23 January 2007) was a popular Polish journalist.
He was well regarded both at home, and abroad.
During his life he became known for his way of reporting news.
He was a foreign correspondent for the Polish press agency.
He was shortlisted as a candidate for the Nobel Prize for Literature, but also received many other awards.
He is one of the Polish authors whose works get translated most often.
Kapuscinski, Ryszard
The Republican National Committee (the R.N.C. or RNC) is a group of people who coordinate the activities of the U.S. Republican party in all fifty states.
The R.N.C. has its headquarters in Washington, DC.
It also has state Republican party headquarters in each of the 50 state capitals.
Official RNC website
United States Republican Party
The Democratic National Committee (D.N.C. or DNC) is a group of people who coordinate the activities of the U.S. Democratic party in all fifty states.
The D.N.C. is headquartered in the nation's capital, Washington, DC.
It also has state Democratic party headquarters in each of the 50 state capitals.
Official DNC website
United States Democratic Party
The Four Corners is the place in the Southwestern United States where the four corners of New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and Arizona meet.
Three of the four corners (AZ, NM, UT) are on the Navajo Indian Reservation and the fourth corner (CO) is on the Ute Mountain Indian Reservation.
Geography of New Mexico
Geography of Utah
The Southwestern United States (called the American Southwest or simply the Southwest) is a region of the western United States.
The region is warmer than the northern states and drier than the eastern states.
The area includes Arizona and New Mexico, as well as the nearby parts of Southern California, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado and western Texas.
The Southwest is growing really fast, big cities in the area are Phoenix, Las Vegas, El Paso, Albuquerque, and Tucson.
It is one of the fastest growing parts of the country.
The main parts of the Southwest are the ones that were in Santa Fe de Nuevo México and the New Mexico Territory.
A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a long, whip-like structure that helps some single celled organisms move.
It is composed of microtubules.
They help propel cells and organisms in a whip-like motion.
The flagellum of eukaryotes usually moves with an “S” motion, and is surrounded by cell membrane.
Flagella are structurally almost identical with the much smaller Cilia.
So much so that it has been proposed protists bearing either should be unified in the Phylum Undulipodia.
Previously, Margulis had proposed that the Ciliates alone should be placed in a Phylum Ciliophora.
Cilia and flagella are cell organelles, specialised units which carry out well-defined functions, like mitochondria and plastids.
Three types of flagella have so far been distinguished; bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic.
The main differences among these three types are summarized below:
Bacterial flagella are helical filaments that rotate like screws.
They provide two of several kinds of bacterial motility.
Archaeal flagella are superficially similar to bacterial flagella, but are different in many details and considered non-homologous.
Eukaryotic flagella – those of animal, plant, and protist cells – are complex cellular projections that lash back and forth.
Eukaryotic flagella are classed along with eukaryotic motile cilia as undulipodia to emphasize their distinctive wavy appendage role in cellular function or motility.
Primary cilia are immotile, and are not undulipodia; they have a structurally different 9+0 axoneme rather than the 9+2 axoneme found in both flagella and motile cilia undulopodia.
Molecular Machines Index of Illustrations, Graphics, and Animations
Physics Today introduction to the bacterial flagellum by Howard Berg
Walkman is the invention as well as the brand name of Sony.
It represents a portable audio player.
Today, similar devices are also called "Walkman".
The name describes players that have small sizes and can be carried by one anywhere.
The portable player was a revolutionary device since one could take favorite music with him or her.
The  original Walkman cassette player was released in 1979.
The name "Walkman" was used in Japan, while abroad it had other names, one of which was "Soundabout".
First the product did not have a name, and then one of the company's staff proposed "Walkman".
Because it was a direct translation from Japanese, Sony's leadership seemed skeptical.
They thought "Walkman" was not a suitable name for a device which was to be launched in the United States and Europe.
Sony used new ways to introduce its new product on the market and advertise it.
The main idea of Sony was to make people aware that Walkman is a product that is unique on the market and that it is both new and fun.
On June 22 (the date of release), Sony Walkman appeared in Tokyo.
The company held an unusual press conference where different journalists were invited to Yoyogi, which is Tokyo's major park.
They were given a Walkman to prove that the portable player is fun and easy to use.
By 1995 there were already about 150 million Walkman portable players produced.
Later, MP3 players became more popular.
Semantics is the study of meaning.
Meaning in this case refers to the relation between signifiers and what they stand for.
Signifiers are words, signs and symbols.
The word semantics was first used by a French man named Michel Bréal.
He studied the way that language was put together, how language changed as time passed, and the connections in languages.
Semantics can include simple or very complicated ideas.
In everyday speech, it means a problem with understanding language that can confuse because of the words or their connotation (another idea created by a word that is not in its definition).
This problem of understanding has been studied for a long time, especially in the field of formal semantics, where people explain the connection between words and their meanings in a clear way.
In linguistics (the study of language), semantics is the study of the attempts to understand signs or symbols used in agents (the words that cause an action) or communities in different situations.
Other items of language that are said to have meaning are sounds, facial expressions, body language, and proxemics, which is the use of personal space.
Each of these topics connects to many ways of studying.
In writing, things like the way paragraphs are written and the use of punctuation show meaning.
Other types of language create other meanings.
Formal semantics is sometimes similar to many other areas of language study.
Some of these are lexicology (study of words), syntax (ordering of words), pragmatics (the study of language in different situations), and etymology (the history of words).
Semantics is also a well-defined field on its own. [
Governance is the term for the way a group of people such as a country do things.
Many groups create a government to decide how things are to be done.
Governance is different from politics.
Politics deals with people with different ideas working together to create an agreement about what to do, and governance is doing what politics decided needed to be done.
Governance is also how government decision making affects people in that nation.
pt:Governança corporativa
A snowball is a ball of snow.
They are usually made by a person picking snow up in their hands and pressing it together in the ball the size of their hand.
Snowballs are usually thrown at people or objects as a game called a snowball fight.
Making snowballs is a common activity for children when it snows.
Larger snowballs are made by using a ball the size of a hand and rolling it on the ground.
As more snow sticks to it, the ball grows larger.
Larger snowballs are often used to make Snowmen.
The term "Snowball effect" comes from this.
It means as things go on, they get larger in the same way that a snowball gets larger as it rolls.
MPEG-4 is a video and audio standard (type).
Movies in MPEG-4 need less space on a computer.
At the same time, they still have DVD quality.
MPEG means Moving Picture Experts Group.
Many researchers and engineers all over the world worked to develop MPEG-4.
The work on this standard ended in 1998.
MPEG-4 became a standard all over the world.
Movies that use MPEG-4 standard are high quality and take up less computer memory.
Older standards were MPEG-1 and MPEG-2.
Compared to these older versions, MPEG-4 has more features.
For example, it has a way to fix problems, lots of quality and size choices, and a better picture quality.
MPEG-4 is designed for the special needs of computers, television areas and telecommunications.
It is able to be individual objects in a certain area, besides rectangular pieces of computer information.
For example, this could be a car driving in front of a background.
The background does not change.
The car can be treated as separate thing, because it is not a fixed background.
This is because MPEG-4 can be many rectangular images at the same time.
MPEG-4 - Additional information on the format for more advanced users
Warship was a popular British television drama series produced by the BBC between 1973 and 1977.
The series was about life on board a Royal Navy warship, the fictional HMS Hero.
It was mainly filmed aboard the Leander-class frigate HMS Phoebe.
Four Leander class frigates played the role of HMS Hero.
They were HMS Phoebe, HMS Dido, HMS Hermione and HMS Jupiter.
All the crews of these warships were given HMS Hero cap tallies for filming purposes.
The creator of the series was a serving Royal Navy officer, Ian Mackintosh.
He wrote three books based on episodes of the series.
They were simultaneously published in hardback and paperback.
The books were:
Warship (published in 1973);
HMS Hero (published in 1976);
and Holt RN (published in 1977).
The opening music of the series was a march played by the Royal Marines, called Warship, and written by Anthony Isaac.
It is still played by Royal Marine bands.
Ian Mackintosh
HMS Hero
HMS Phoebe (F42)
HMS Dido (F104)
HMS Hermione (F58)
HMS Jupiter (F60)
Leander class frigate
Royal Marines
Warship Episode Guide
British Film Institute site on Warship
Royal Navy leaflet on Warship, from the HMS Phoebe Association website
Comments on Warship by series Director Michael Briant
Webpage (at Home > Scriptwriting > Warship) about Michael J Bird's scripts for Warship
HMS Phoebe Association website
HMS Dido Association website
HMS Jupiter Association website
HMS Hermione Association website
Ian Mackintosh's Royal Navy service record on Opsromm.org
Jerry Lewis, born as Jerome Levitch, (March 16, 1926 – August 20, 2017) was an American comedian, screenwriter, singer, humanitarian, producer, director, philanthropist and actor.
He was best known for acting in comedy movies in the 1950s and 1960s such as The Nutty Professor.
He also helped to raise money for people with muscular dystrophy, through the Muscular Dystrophy Association.
Lewis was born in Newark, New Jersey.
He studied at Irvington High School though he dropped out in his sophomore year.
Lewis first became famous as part of Martin & Lewis, working with singer Dean Martin.
They worked together for ten years.
They appeared on stage, radio and television, and in movies.
They stopped working together in 1956 and did not speak for years.
They reunited a few times from the 1970s to the 1990s.
Lewis directed of many of his movies.
He was the first director to use video cameras with movie cameras, to help with filming scenes.
Film takes time to process, but videotape can be played back right away, saving time and work if a scene needs to be redone.
Other directors soon started using his technique, and it is still used today.
During the 1970s, Lewis' movies became less popular.
He moved away from acting and directing.
In the 1990s, he returned to performing onstage.
He continued to perform during the 2000s.
Lewis was a Republican though he was friends with President John F. Kennedy.
He supported Presidents Ronald Reagan and Donald Trump.
The Stooge (1952)
Hollywood or Bust (1956)
The Bellboy (1960)
The Errand Boy (1961)
The Patsy (1964)
The Disorderly Orderly (1964)
Three on a Couch (1966)
Way... Way Out (1966)
Don't Raise the Bridge, Lower the River (1967)
The Big Mouth (1967)
Silent Treatment (1968)
Hook, Line & Sinker (1969)
Official Jerry Lewis website
Italian Jerry Lewis fansite
Comedians from Newark, New Jersey
Businesspeople from Newark, New Jersey
Writers from Las Vegas, Nevada
Singers from Las Vegas, Nevada
Comedians from Las Vegas, Nevada
Breakdance (also called breaking, b-boying or b-girling) is a type of dance that is done by people who are part of the hip hop culture.
B-boy means boy who dances on breaks (breakbeats).
Breakdancing was invented in the early 1970s by African American and Latino American inner-city youth in the South Bronx in New York City.
The dance style evolved during the 70s and 80s in big cities of the United States.
Breakdancing uses different body movements, spins, arm movements, leg movements, all of which are done to the rhythm of hip hop music.
Breakdancing was most popular in the 1980s but continues to be common today.
There are four categories in breakdance.
They are power moves (windmill, tomas, airtrax and so on), style moves, toprock, downrock (footwork), and freezes (chair, airchair and so on).
Many of moves come from gymnastics and kung-fu.
Breakdancers dance with breakbeats.
The difficulty of their skills decides the better b-boy.
One of the biggest breakdance contests in the world is Battle of the Year (BOTY).
It has several different types of contests.
There are one-on-one battles, team battle, contest of showcase and so on.
B-boy battle means dancing on random music.
In 2013, the team coming from South Korea, Fusion MC, won the championship.
Floorriorz coming from Japan got the award of best show.
Good behavior with the sub
Important Movements
A freeze is a technique where the dancer suddenly stops, often in an interesting or balance-intensive position.
Freezes often incorporate various twists of the body into stylish and often difficult positions.
The two-step move sets up the direction of movement and builds up momentum when dancing.
This move allows the dancer to stay low and in contact with the ground, which places him in a good position for performing other dance moves.
As such, the two-step is often one of the first moves a break-dancer learns and it leads onto the 6-step.
A kick in breakdance is a one-handed handstand, with often an impressive leg position and the free arm in some stylish position.
They are often executed quickly to impress.
-Guillaume Éradel, C'est quoi le breakdance?
Saint-Denis, Edilivre, 2015 ()
Constantine is a 2005 American movie starring Keanu Reeves and Rachel Weisz.
It is based on a comic book series called Hellblazer.
2005 horror movies
Cancer in movies
Science fiction horror movies
DC Comics movies
2000s apocalyptic movies
East Anglia is a region of eastern England, named after one of the ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, which was named after the homeland of the Angles, Angeln in northern Germany.
The kingdom consisted of Norfolk and Suffolk ("North folk" and "South folk") but the region's borders are vague.
Farming and gardening are very successful in this fertile country.
The landscape has been heavily influenced by Dutch technology.
Petty kingdoms of England
Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir (, ; ; 9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986) was a French author (writer) and philosopher (person who writes about ways of thinking).
Her best known books are She Came to Stay and The Mandarins.
Her best known writing about ideas is The Second Sex, which was written in 1949.
It describes the bad experiences of women in European society, and suggests how women's lives can be improved.
Her full name was Simone Lucie-Ernestine-Marie-Bertrand de Beauvoir.
She was born on January 9, 1908 in Paris.
She studied mathematics and ways of thinking at the Institut Catholique.
Then she studied literature and languages at the Institut Sainte-Marie.
As well, she studied ways of thinking at the Sorbonne, which is at the University of Paris.
Her writing; personal life
In 1943, de Beauvoir published She Came to Stay, a story about her lover Jean-Paul Sartre (who was also a writer and a philosopher).
Next, she wrote a novel called The Mandarins, which won prize.
In 1944 de Beauvoir wrote an article called Pyrrhus et Cinéas, which was about a way of thinking about hard choices that people have to make.
In 1949, she wrote Le deuxième sexe.
It was translated by Howard Parshley to The Second Sex.
The book also discussed ways of thinking about hard choices.
At the end of World War II, de Beauvoir and Sartre started a newspaper about ways of living called Les Temps Modernes.
She is buried next to Sartre at the Cimetière du Montparnasse in Paris.
Some of the books she wrote
The Blood of Others, (1945)
Who Shall Die?, (
The Second Sex, (1949)
The Mandarins, (1954)
The Prime of Life, (1960)
When Things of the Spirit Come First, (1979)
Books about Simone de Beauvoir
Beauvoir, Simone de.
Woman: Myth & Reality,
in Jacobus, Lee A (ed.)
A World of Ideas.
Bedford/St. Martins, Boston 2006.
780-795
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Simone de Beauvoir by Shannon Mussett.
Includes a bibliography of her work in English translation.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Simone de Beauvoir by Debra Bergoffen.
Extensive bibliography.
Abortion-rights activists
Katherine "Katie" Anne Couric (born January 7, 1957) was a co-host of the top-rated Today show, broadcast live on NBC affiliates, from 1991 until late 2006, earning nearly $14 million each year for the last 4 years of her contract.
Couric was born in Arlington, Virginia.
She was hired by the news division at CBS in late 2006 to anchor and be the main editor of the CBS Evening News, which operated with temporary anchors after Dan Rather's departure.
Ratings have been disappointly low despite the initial fanfare and introduction of new theme music at the beginning of each show.
In 2021, Couric was a guest host on the syndicated quiz show Jeopardy!
following the death of Alex Trebek.
Couric is active in charities, especially related to colon cancer, after the death of her husband (to colon cancer) in 1998.
Couric received a colonoscopy on live television in March 2000.
She also released pictures of her mammogram on television.
She voiced a fish version of herself named Katie Current from the 2004 animated comedy movie Shark Tale.
People from Arlington, Virginia
During the history of slavery, there were many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures.
Slavery is a condition in which people are owned or completely controlled by other people.
Buying and selling slaves is a trade as old as many of the oldest civilizations.
A modern form of the slave trade is called human trafficking.
History of the slave trade
In one form or another slavery has been practiced since the earliest civilizations.
Early hunter-gatherers had no use for slaves They did everything for themselves.
Once men gathered in cities and towns and there was more than enough food, having a cheap supply of labour made sense.
The main source of slaves was war.
When a town was captured, the men were killed and the women were enslaved to work in the fields or as concubines.
Slaves made up only a small percentage of the earliest civilizations.
These included China's Yangtze River valley, India's Indus Valley, Egypt's Nile valley and the Tigris and Euphrates valleys in Mesopotamia.
Once slavery became a major part of the workforce, slave trading became a business.
Ancient Greece was the first civilization where slaves made up a large part of the population.
Between the 4th and 6th centuries (BC) it is estimated that from one-third to one-half of the population were slaves.
There were many sources of slaves.
Prisoners captured in war, kidnapping, people selling their children and criminals were some of the more common sources.
The market price for slaves would go down after a battle in which many slaves were taken.
Slavery was a large part of the Greek economy.
A slave could earn money and could earn enough to purchase their freedom.
Ancient Rome was even more dependent on slaves.
Slavery was also a part of medieval Europe.
Societies that did not depend on slaves were often the source of slaves.
In the Viking world, slavery was an important part of the economy.
Not only the taking of slaves in raids and battles, but also selling slaves in other markets.
The Vikings were slave traders.
They captured, used, and sold slaves.
Most forms of slavery declined in Northern Europe but was practiced elsewhere in Europe.
In Sicily, Italy, Spain, France, Russia and North Africa slavery lasted through much of the middle ages.
Most of these slaves were "white" and came from other parts of Europe and Eastern Europe.
As the New World was colonized, slavery was a well-established source of cheap labour.
By the time Columbus came to the Americas, Europeans had already been using African slaves in their colonies in West Africa.
Historians estimate that between 650 AD and the 1960s, 10 to 18 million people were enslaved by the Arab world.
They were taken from Europe, Asia and Africa across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and the Sahara desert.
They got this idea from the Arab empires which had been taking black slaves from Africa since the 7th century.
This was called the Atlantic slave trade.
Early attempts to enslave Native Americans failed which gave rise to the African slave trade.
Africans were a relatively easy source of slaves as European traders did not have to capture them, but relied on Arabs and other Africans to do it for them.
Even before outside slave traders took advantage of Africans, the Africans themselves had established slave trading.
Theirs was not an economy based on money, but on trading.
Slaves were a commodity (a substitute for money).
Slave sales
Slaves were often sold at markets and auctions.
Slave auctions show that slaves were not thought of as human beings with human rights.
Instead, they were thought of as property, which could be bought or sold.
Slaves that were for sale were often advertised in the newspapers, like today's newspapers advertise cars or houses.
Slave traders were even listed in public directories (like today's phone books).p.
Slaves did not have any say in what happened to them.
Many times, families were split up and sold to different owners for different amounts of money.
Millions of families became separated this way and never saw each other again.
Types of auction
There were three types of auctions: Grab and go, May the highest bidder win, and the scramble.
In a "grab and go" auction, a buyer would give the slave trader a certain amount of money and would get a ticket.
When a drum roll sounded, the pen holding the slaves would open.
The buyer would rush in and grab the slave or slaves that he wanted.
He would then show his ticket to the slave trader before he left.
In a "may the highest bidder win" auction, slaves would be shown to the buyers one at a time.
If more than one buyer wanted a particular slave, all of the buyers would have to bid on the slave (making offers for what they were willing to pay).
Slaves would be investigated by the buyer and would be forced to be poked, and tortured by the buyer.
The buyer who bid the highest would be able to buy that slave for the amount of money he bid.
Examples of advertisements that listed slaves for sale  (South Carolina Historical Society)
Primary sources about slave auctions (written by freed slaves about what slave auctions were like)
Most of the United States uses Daylight Saving Time (DST) in the summer.
In the list, it will say if the state does not use DST.
Note: the time zones listed on this page are listed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) as well as the names of the time zones as they are called within the United States.
For an explanation on what UTC+# and UTC-# mean, please see the UTC page.
These are the times zones that are used by the United States and its territories:
UTC-12: Anywhere on Earth (AoE)
UTC-11: Samoa Standard Time (ST)
UTC-10: Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time (HAT)
UTC-9: Alaska Standard Time (AKT)
UTC−8: Pacific Standard Time (PT)
UTC−7: Mountain Standard Time (MT)
UTC−6: Central Standard Time (CT)
UTC−5: Eastern Standard Time (ET)
UTC−4: Atlantic Standard Time (AST)
UTC+10: Chamorro Standard Time (ChT)
UTC+12: Wake Island Time Zone (WIT)
Washington, D.C. does use Daylight Saving Time (DST).
The territories of the United States do not use Daylight Saving Time (DST).
Official time zone site of the U.S.A. government
Time zone, List of U.S. states by
The Central Line is a line of the London Underground.
Its colour is red on the tube map.
It runs east-west through London.
The line was the longest line until the line between Epping and Ongar was closed.
Outside the rush hours trains run every 3-4 minutes in Central London and every 6-7 minutes on the branches.
In order from west to east.
Station in italics are not in the on the Central line anymore
West Ruislip branch
Terminus: West Ruislip, opened 21 November 1948
Ruislip Gardens, opened 21 November 1948.
South Ruislip, opened 21 November 1948.
Northolt, opened 21 November 1948.
Greenford, opened 30 June 1947.
Perivale, opened 30 June 1947.
Hanger Lane, opened 30 June 1947.
branch joins at North Acton:
Ealing Broadway branch
Terminus: Ealing Broadway, opened 3 August 1920.
West Acton, opened 5 November 1923.
North Acton, opened 5 November 1923
East Acton, opened 3 August 1920.
White City, opened 23 November 1947.
Wood Lane, opened 14 May 1908; closed 22 November 1947.
Shepherd's Bush, opened 30 July 1900.
Holland Park, opened 30 July 1900.
Notting Hill Gate, opened 30 July 1900.
Queensway, opened 30 July 1900 (as Queens Road); renamed 1 September 1946.
Lancaster Gate, opened 30 July 1900.
Marble Arch, opened 30 July 1900.
Bond Street, opened 24 September 1900.
Oxford Circus, opened 30 July 1900.
Tottenham Court Road, opened 22 June 1907 (as Oxford Street); renamed 9 March 1908.
British Museum, opened 30 July 1900; closed 24 September 1933.
Holborn, opened 25 September 1933
Chancery Lane, opened 30 July 1900
St. Paul's, opened 30 July 1900
Bank, opened 30 July 1900.
Liverpool Street, opened 28 July 1912.
Bethnal Green, opened 4 December 1946.
Mile End, opened 4 December 1946.
Stratford, first served 4 December 1946.
Leyton, first served 5 May 1947.
Leytonstone, first served 5 May 1947.
Splits into two branches.
Woodford branch
Wanstead, opened 14 December 1947.
Redbridge, opened 14 December 1947.
Gants Hill, opened 14 December 1947.
Newbury Park, first served 14 December 1947.
Barkingside, first served 31 May 1948.
Fairlop, first served 31 May 1948.
Hainault, first served 31 May 1948.
The Greater London boundary with Essex is at Grange Hill
Grange Hill, first served 21 November 1948.
Chigwell, first served 21 November 1948.
Roding Valley, first served 21 November 1948.
Terminates at Woodford [see Ongar Branch] (except for rush hours)
Ongar branch (now Epping Branch)
Snaresbrook, first served 14 December 1947.
South Woodford, first served 14 December 1947 (as South Woodford (George Lane)); renamed 1950.
Terminus for Woodford branch: Woodford, first served 14 December 1947.
The Greater London boundary with Essex is between Woodford and Buckhurst Hill
Buckhurst Hill, first served 21 November 1948.
Loughton, first served 21 November 1948.
Debden, first served 25 September 1949.
Theydon Bois, first served 25 September 1949.
Terminus: Epping, first served 25 September 1949.
Note: the remaining stations to Ongar were served by a shuttle service from Epping.
North Weald, first served 25 September 1949; closed 30 September 1994.
Blake Hall, first served 25 September 1949; closed: 31 October 1981.
Ongar, first served 25 September 1949; closed 30 September 1994.
Central Line - London Underground page about the Central Line
Clive's Underground Line Guide
1900s establishments in England
LSD is the shorter name for a chemical called Lysergic acid diethylamide.
LSD is often called by the slang name acid.
LSD is a psychedelic drug that causes people who take it to witness illusions.
It also alters their thought processes.
LSD was investigated as an adjunct to psychiatric therapies for disorders such as alcoholism.
Currently, LSD is being investigated as a clinical tool for treating people with anxiety and depression associated with having a terminal illness.
Since there is no recognized medical use for LSD, its use in medicine is experimental.
The vast majority of LSD use is illegal and thus considered "drug abuse" according to some definitions.
LSD does not occur in nature, so it must be chemically synthesized.
It was invented in 1938 by a Swiss chemist, Albert Hofmann, at the Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland.
Hofmann was trying to produce a new circulatory and respiratory stimulant (an 'analeptic').
He produced LSD because of its similarity to nicotinic acid diethylamide, a known respiratory stimulant.
One day in 1943, Hofmann accidentally ate a small amount of LSD, and noticed strange light patterns in the sky as he went home.
He believed that what he had experienced were the effects of the drug.
He tried a larger amount next.
He ended up with a much stronger reaction to the drug than he expected.
Hofmann lay on a couch, afraid he had made himself insane for life.
When a neighbor came, found him in trouble, and stayed to look after Hofmann, he was able to calm down, and even said he began to enjoy the plays of colorful shapes and patterns that occurred behind his closed eyes.
The next day Hofmann reported to have waken up refreshed and clear-headed, though somewhat physically tired.
He also noted that his breakfast tasted unusually delicious that morning.
Sandoz began to offer LSD to doctors and therapists.
Sandoz saw it as a help to doctors and therapists so they could get a chance to gain insight into how someone who was mentally ill might see the world.
It is known today, that the effects of LSD are very different from those of delusional mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia.
For their patients, it was a chance to uncover hidden feelings and thoughts, which could be dealt with in therapy.
LSD showed promise in the treatment of problems like alcoholism.
Some alcoholics who tried the drug found their need to drink alcohol lessened or went away.
They understood better why they had abused alcohol.
Unlike other drugs, the desire for alcohol was not replaced by a craving for LSD.
The study showed a 50% success rate, compared to 10% for "cold turkey" methods, which is when the person suddenly stops drinking alcohol completely.
In the United States, the Central Intelligence Agency tested the drug on subjects for different reasons.
The name for one of these test projects was MK-ULTRA.
Subjects did not know they were given the drug.
It was used in interrogations to see if it would make people tell the truth, or remember things they had forgotten.
It was also used to convince people they were becoming insane, or that things had happened which really had not, such as an invasion from outer space, or a Communist takeover of the country, or that their bodies were transformed in some way.