the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Tru Calling Ugly Betty Veronica Mars Walker, Texas Ranger Will & Grace Wizards of Waverly Place (I Maghi di Waverly)
Wonder Woman (1982-1993)
The X-files (X-Files) (1995-2002)
The Suite Life of Zack and Cody (Zack e Cody al Grand Hotel) (2007-present)
Zoey 101 (2006-present)
Spanish TV series
Paso adelanteItalian TV series
La Figlia di Elisa Camera Café Love Bugs Schillerstraße (Buona la prima!)
The Odd Couple (La strana coppia - Italian remake) Belli dentro Medici miei VIA Rebelle(Lá coppia Remake italian Rebelde Way)
Cartoons/Anime
6teen Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (Ace Ventura)
Action Man(Action Man) Ah!
My Goddess (Oh, Mia Dea!)
Ai Shite Knight (Kiss me Licia) Alf (ALF) Attacker You! (
Mila e Shiro) Attack No.
1 (Mimì e la nazionale di pallavolo) Batman (Batman) The New Batman Adventures (Batman, cavaliere della notte) Bakusou Kyoudai Let's & Go (Let's & Go - Sulle ali di un turbo) B-Daman Beethoven (Beethoven) Belle and Sebastian (Belle e Sebastien) Ben tornato Topo Gigio!
Berserk Beyblade (Beyblade!)
Beverly Hills Teens (Siamo quelli di Beverly Hills)
Candy Candy Captain Tsubasa (Holly & Benji) Cardcaptor Sakura (Pesca la tua carta Sakura) Case Closed (Detective Conan) Cat's Eye (Occhi di Gatto) Cattivik (Cattivik) Chaotic (Caotici) Crayon Shin-chan (Shin-chan) Creepy Crawlers (La fabbrica dei mostri) Princess Comet (Gira il mondo principessa stellare) Denver, the Last Dinosaur (Ti voglio bene Denver) Dexter's Laboratory (Il laboratorio di Dexter) Doraemon Dragon Ball Dragon Ball Z (What's my destiny, Dragon Ball?)
Dragon Ball GT Fancy Lala Family Guy (2000-present)
The Flintstones (I Flintstones) Foofur (Foofur superstar) Futurama (Futurama)
The Twins of Destiny (I Gemelli del Destino) Gokinjo Monogatari (Cortili del cuore) Lady Georgie! (
Georgie) Hamtaro (Hamtaro Ham-Ham) Hime-chan's Ribbon (Un fiocco per Sognare, un fiocco per Cambiare) Hungry Heart: Wild Striker (Hungry Heart: La squadra del cuore) HunterXHunter Inspector Gadget (l'ispettore Gadget) Iznogoud (Iznogoud - Chi la fa l'aspetti) Kaibutsu-kun (Carletto il principe dei mostri) Keroro Gunso (Keroro) Kimagure Orange Road (È quasi magia Johnny) Kirby: Right Back at Ya! (
Kirby) Kodocha (Rossana) Lupin III Magical Angel Creamy Mami (L'incantevole Creamy) Magical DoReMi (Magica Doremì) Magical Princess Minky Momo (Benvenuta Gigì) Magical Star Magical Emi (Magica Magica Emi) Magic Knight Rayearth (Una porta socchiusa ai confini del sole) The Magic School Bus [Cartoon Version] (Allacciate le cinture - Viaggando si impara) Maison Ikkoku (Cara dolce Kyoko) Marmalade Boy (Piccoli problemi di cuore) Miracle Girls (Un po magia per Terry e Meggy) Mizuiro Jidai (Temi d'amore fra i banchi di scuola)
Mo~tto!
Ojamajo Doremi (Magica Doremì)
Mr. Magoo (Mr. Magoo)
Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water (Il mistero della pietra azzura)
Nanako SOS (Nana Supergirl)
Naruto: Shippūden
Ned's Newt (Un tritone per amico)
Ojamajo Doremi Sharp (Ma che magie Doremì)
One Piece (One Piece - All'arrembaggio!)
Police Academy (Scuola di polizia) Pokèmon (from season 1 to 9) Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl (Pokémon: Diamante e Perla) The Real Ghostbusters (The Real Ghostbusters) Robinson Sucroe (Robinson Bignè) Sailor Moon (anime)|Sailor Moon (Sailor Moon) Saint Seiya (I Cavallieri dello Zodiaco) Shaman King The Simpsons (I Simpson) (1998-present)
The Smurfs (I Puffi) The Snorks(Gli Snorky) Princess Sarah (Lovely Sara) Slayers (Un incantesimo dischiuso tra i petali del tempo per Rina) Sonic X South Park SpongeBob SquarePants (SpongeBob) Tazmania (Tazmania) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Tartarughe Ninja alla riscossa) Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation (Tartarughe Ninja - L'avventura continua) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT - Tartarughe Ninja) Tex Avery Show (Tex Avery Show) The Mask: The Animated Series (The Mask)
Three Delivery (Tre Consegna)
Tongari Boushi no Memore (Memole sono io)
Total Drama Island (Totale Dramma Isola)
Totally Spies (Che Magnifiche Spie)
Versailles No Bara (Lady Oscar)
Widget the World Watcher (Widget, un alieno per amico)
W.I.T.C.H (Le super Witch)
Yu-Gi-Oh! (
first series anime) (Yu-Gi-Oh!)
second series anime) (Yu-Gi-Oh!)
Zoids: Chaotic Century (Zoids)
Zoids: Guardian Force (Zoids)
Cronache Marziane (Crónicas Marcianas)
Festivalbar
Frankenstein (The Big Experiment)
Le Iene (Caiga Quien Caiga)
Mai Dire... (Never say...)
Mercante in fiera (The Black Cat)
Non è la Rai
Sarabanda
Voglia!
Saranno Famosi (2001-2002-2003-2004-2005-2006-2007-2008) from the 2nd season onwards the show's name was changed in '"Amici" di Maria de Filippi' (Fame)
Survivor (2001) (Survivor)
Popstars (2001, 2003) (Popstars)
Operazione Trionfo (2002-2008) (Operación Triunfo)
Campioni, il sogno (2004-2006)
La Fattoria (2004-2005-2006-2009) (The Farm)
La Talpa (2004-2005-2008) (The Mole)
La Pupa e il Secchione (2006) (Beauty and the Geek)
Game shows
La Ruota Della Fortuna (Wheel of Fortune) (1980s-2003, 2006-present)
OK, il prezzo è giusto! (
The Price Is Right) (1980s-2001)
Cancelled Reality shows
Personality (2003, Never Started)
Diario - Esperimento D'amore (2004, Only Four Episode)
Comedy Club (2006, Only One Episode)
Studio Aperto
Lucignolo
Controcampo
Domenica stadio
Guida al Campionato
Studio sport
Direttissima
Internazionali di Tennis - Rome Tennis Master Series
Italian television
John Henry Hoeven III (born March 13, 1957) is a politician from the U.S. state of North Dakota.
On January 3, 2011, he became a United States Senator for that state.
A member of the North Dakota Republican Party, he previously served as the 31st Governor of North Dakota from December 2000 to December 2010.
Hoeven was elected to the U.S. Senate in the November 2, 2010 general election.
He replaced junior Senator Byron L. Dorgan, who chose not to seek re-election.
Governors of North Dakota
United States senators from North Dakota
People from Bismarck, North Dakota
House dust mite
Vanessa cardui (Painted Lady butterfly)
Many cetacean species, including the orca
endemic
The Bengali people are the main ethnic group in the region of Bengal (now divided between  Bangladesh and the Republic of India) in South Asia.
They speak Bengali (বাংলা Bangla), a language of the eastern branch of the Indo-Aryan languages.
They are natively concentrated in the nation of Bangladesh and in the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura.
Some of the most well established Bengali communities are in the Middle East, Japan, Malaysia, United Kingdom and United States.
Remnants of civilisation in the greater Bengal region date back 4,000 years, when the region was settled by Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic peoples.
The origin of the word Bangla ~ Bengal is unknown, but it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang that settled in the area around the year 1000 BC.
After the arrival of Indo-Aryans, the kingdoms around Bengal were first described in the Atharvaveda about 1000 BC.
From the 6th century BC, Magadha expanded to include most of the Bihar and Bengal regions.
It was one of the four main kingdoms of India at the time of Buddha.
Magadha extended over nearly all of South Asia, including parts of Persia and Afghanistan, reaching its greatest extent under the Buddhist emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BC.
One of the earliest foreign references to Bengal is the mention of a land ruled by the king Xandrammes named Gangaridai by the Greeks around 100 BC.
The word is speculated to have come from Gangahrd (Land with the Ganges in its heart) in reference to an area in Bengal.
Later from the 3rd to the 6th centuries AD, the kingdom of Magadha served as the seat of the Gupta Empire.
The Baloush (بلوچ) live in the part of Syria in the mideast corner of the Syrian plateau in Southwest Asia, including parts of eastern Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
The Baloush speak Syriani language, an Iranian language.
They mainly live in mountainous places of the Iranian plateau in Iran, Pakistan and parts of Afghanistan.
Ethnic groups in Balochistan (Pakistan)
The Iranian plateau, also known as the Persian plateau is a geological formation in Southwest Asia, Southern Asia and the Caucasus region.
As a historical region, it includes Parthia, Media and eastern Persia, the heartlands of Greater Persia (mainly Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan west of the River Indus).
Landforms of Afghanistan
The Punjabi people (, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ  also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia (Pakistan and India).
They come from the Punjab region, which has been home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world including one of the world's first and oldest civilizations, the Indus Valley Civilization.
The Punjabi identity is usually cultural and linguistic, with Punjabis being those whose first language is Punjabi, an Indo-European dialect.
They live in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia.
They make up the families Tupaiidae and Ptilocercidae.
There are 20 species in five genera.
Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews, and are not all arboreal.
Among other things, they eat Rafflesia fruit.
They used to be classified in the Insectivora.
Al-Nassr Football Club (; Naṣr meaning "Victory") is a Saudi football club that was formed in 1955.
The club is in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia.
Al-Nassr is well-known through Asia and the Middle East.
The club has a large base of supporters, possibly the most supported club in Saudi Arabia.
Many legendary footballers from Saudi Arabia have played for Al-Nassr.
Among them are Majed Abdullah, Fahad Al-Herafy, Mohaisn Al-Jam'aan, Yousef Khamees and many other outstanding players.
Al-Nassr's kit colors are yellow and blue.
The logo resembles the Arabian Peninsula with the same colors, symbolizing the sand of Saudi Arabia and the sea near it.
Saudi Arabian football clubs
1950s establishments in Saudi Arabia
It is made up of two bridges that were both built in the mid-19th century.
The eastern side was built by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway in 1858-60 to carry trains into Victoria Station.
This was the first railway bridge across the Thames in central London.
The western side was built by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1865/66.
Both bridges were rebuilt in steel in 1963–67, the original piers now being wrapped in concrete.
The designer for this work was Freeman Fox & Partners.
On the north bank is Pimlico to the north and east and Chelsea to the west.
The Lister Hospital and the Royal Chelsea Hospital are immediately to the north west.
On the south bank is Nine Elms to the east and Battersea to the west.
Battersea Power Station is immediately to the south of the bridge, and Battersea Park to the south west.
Vauxhall Bridge is a steel and granite bridge in central London.
It crosses the River Thames in a north-west south-east direction between Vauxhall on the south bank and Westminster on the north bank.
Vauzhall Bridge in 1906.
It replaced an earlier bridge as part of a program for redeveloping the south bank of the Thames.
The original bridge was itself built on the site of a former ferry.
The building of both bridges was difficult, with both the first and second bridges needing multiple redesigns from multiple architects.
The original bridge, the first iron bridge over the Thames, was built by a private company and was run as a toll bridge before being taken into public ownership in 1879.
The second bridge, which took eight years to build, was the first in London to carry trams and later one of the first two roads in London to have a bus lane.
Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 – September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive and politician.
He served as governor of Rhode Island (1866-1869) and U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
As a Union Army general in the American Civil War, he fought successful campaigns in North Carolina and East Tennessee but was defeated in the disastrous Battle of Fredericksburg and Battle of the Crater.
Burnside commanded the IX Corps, the Department of Ohio, and also the Army of the Potomac for a few months.
His distinctive style of facial hair is now known as sideburns, derived from his last name.
This is a list of crossings of the River Thames including bridges, tunnels and ferries.
There are almost 214 bridges, over 20 tunnels, six public ferries and one ford.
The list starts at the downstream (Estuary) end and follows the river upstream towards the start of the river.
A few of the crossings listed are public pedestrian crossings making use of walkways across lock gates and bridges above or near-by weirs.
Most of the other locks on the River Thames also have walkways across their lock gates and weirs, but these either do not fully cross the river, or are for the use of authorised people only, and are so are not listed.
Besides the ferry crossings listed, there are commuter boat services along the river in the city of London, and tourist boat services running both in London and upstream.
Although the main purpose of these services is not to carry people across the river, it may be possible to use them to do so.
North Sea to London
proposed Lower Thames Crossing at or east of Dartford Crossing - three options announced in April 2009
Gravesend – Tilbury Ferry, a passenger ferry.
High Speed 1 rail tunnels from Swanscombe in Kent to West Thurrock in Essex. (
Two 2.5 km tunnels, 7.15 m internal diameter.)
Dartford Crossing including two Dartford Tunnels (1963 and 1980) and the cable-stayed Queen Elizabeth II Bridge (1991)
Dartford Cable Tunnel (2003; tunnel carrying electrical cable; accessible by authorised personnel only)
380kV Thames Crossing (power line crossing at West Thurrock)
proposed Thames Gateway Bridge, bridge between Beckton with Thamesmead, cancelled in November 2008.
Docklands Light Railway tunnel (between King George V and Woolwich Arsenal stations)
Woolwich foot tunnel (1912)
Woolwich Ferry
Crossrail Tunnel (construction started 15 May 2009)
Millennium Dome electricity cable tunnel
Thames Barrier (includes service tunnel accessible by authorised personnel only)
proposed Silvertown Link (bridge or tunnel to relieve the Blackwall Tunnels)
Jubilee Line tunnels (between North Greenwich and Canning Town; 1999)
Blackwall Tunnels (Alexander Binnie, 1897; second bore 1967)
Jubilee Line tunnels (between Canary Wharf and North Greenwich; 1999)
Docklands Light Railway tunnel (between Island Gardens and Cutty Sark; 1999)
Greenwich foot tunnel (Alexander Binnie, 1902)
Jubilee Line tunnels  (between Canada Water and Canary Wharf; 1999)
Canary Wharf – Rotherhithe Ferry
Rotherhithe Tunnel (Maurice Fitzmaurice, 1908)
Thames Tunnel (Wapping to Rotherhithe Tunnel) (Marc Brunel, 1843; the world's first underwater tunnel, now part of the East London Line)
Tower Bridge (1894)
Tower Subway (Peter W. Barlow and James Henry Greathead; 1870.
The world's first underground tube railway, cable hauled - now used for water mains and telephone cables and not accessible)
Northern Line (City branch) tunnels (between London Bridge and Bank; 1900)
London Bridge (1973)
City & South London Railway tunnels (This railway's original crossing of the river between Borough and King William Street; 1890.
Abandoned in 1900 when the Northern Line City branch tunnels were opened on a new alignment)
Cannon Street Bridge (1982)
Southwark Bridge (1921)
Millennium Bridge (footbridge, 2002)
Blackfriars Railway Bridge (1886)
Blackfriars Bridge (1869)
Waterloo & City Line tunnels (between Waterloo and Bank; 1898)
Waterloo Bridge (1945)
Northern Line (Charing Cross branch) tunnels (between Waterloo and Embankment; 1926)
Hungerford Bridge 1864
Bakerloo Line tunnels (between Waterloo and Embankment; 1906)
Jubilee Line tunnels (between Waterloo and Westminster; 1999)
Westminster Bridge (1862)
Lambeth Bridge (1932)
Vauxhall Bridge (1906)
Victoria Line tunnels (between Vauxhall and Pimlico; 1971)
Grosvenor Bridge (Victoria Railway Bridge) (1859)
South west London
Chelsea Bridge (1937)
Albert Bridge (1873)
Battersea Bridge (Sir Joseph Bazalgette, 1890) (Henry Holland, 1771)
Battersea Railway Bridge (1863)
Wandsworth Bridge (1938)
Fulham Bridge and Footbridge (1889)
Putney Bridge (Sir Joseph Bazalgette, 1886)  (Phillips & Ackworth, 1729)
Hammersmith Bridge (Sir Joseph Bazalgette, 1887)
Barnes Bridge and Footbridge (1849)
Chiswick Bridge (1933)
Kew Railway Bridge (1869)
Kew Bridge (John Wolfe-Barry, 1903)
Richmond Lock and Footbridge (1894)
Twickenham Bridge (1933)
Richmond Railway Bridge (1848)
Richmond Bridge (1777)
Hammerton's Ferry (F) (Marble Hill Twickenham to Ham House)
Teddington Lock Footbridge
Kingston Railway Bridge (1863)
Kingston Bridge (1828)
Hampton Court Bridge (1933)
Hampton Ferry (F) (to Hurst Park, East Molesey, 1519)
London to Windsor
Walton Bridge (1953 and 1999)
Shepperton to Weybridge Ferry (F)
Chertsey Bridge (1785)
M3 Motorway Bridge (1971)
Staines Railway Bridge (1856)
Staines Bridge (1832)
M25 Runnymede Bridge (Edwin Lutyens, 1961; widened 1983 and 2005)
Albert Bridge (1928)
Victoria Bridge (1967)
Black Potts Railway Bridge (1892)
Windsor Bridge (1824)
Windsor Railway Bridge (Isambard Kingdom Brunel, 1849)
Queen Elizabeth Bridge (1966)
Windsor to Reading
Summerleaze Footbridge (1992)
M4 Bridge (incorporates footbridge) (1961)
Maidenhead Railway Bridge (Isambard Kingdom Brunel, 1838)
Maidenhead Bridge (1777)
Cookham Bridge (1867)
Bourne End Railway Bridge (1895; incorporates footbridge)
Marlow By-pass Bridge (1972)
Marlow Bridge (William Tierney Clark, 1832)
Temple Footbridge (1989)
Hambleden Lock (incorporates public footbridge)
Henley Bridge (1786)
Shiplake Railway Bridge (1897)
Sonning Bridge (c.1775) & Sonning Backwater Bridges (1986)
Caversham Lock (incorporates public footbridge)
Reading Bridge (1923)
Caversham Bridge (1926)
Reading to Oxford
Reading Festival Bridge (2008, a temporary footbridge on permanent footings for the Reading Festival)
Whitchurch Bridge (1902, a toll bridge from Whitchurch-on-Thames to Pangbourne)
Gatehampton Railway Bridge (Isambard Kingdom Brunel, 1838)
Goring and Streatley Bridge (1923)
Moulsford Railway Bridge (Isambard Kingdom Brunel, 1838)
Winterbrook Bridge	(1993)
Wallingford Bridge (1809)
Benson Lock (incorporates public footbridge)
Shillingford Bridge (1827)
Little Wittenham Bridge
Day's Lock (incorporates public footbridge)
Clifton Hampden Bridge (George Gilbert Scott,1867)
Appleford Railway Bridge (1929)
Sutton Bridge
Culham Bridge (across Swift Ditch, a backwater and former main course of the river near Abingdon)
Abingdon Bridge (1416)
Abingdon Lock (incorporates public footbridge)
Nuneham Railway Bridge (1929)
Kennington Railway Bridge (1923)
Isis Bridge (1962)
Donnington Bridge (1962)
Folly Bridge (1827)
Oxford Footbridge
Osney Footbridge
Osney Rail Bridge
Osney Bridge (1885)
Oxford to Cricklade
Medley Footbridge (1865)
Godstow Bridge (1792)
A34 Road Bridge
Swinford Toll Bridge (1777)
Pinkhill Lock (Incorporates public footbridge)
Hart's Weir Footbridge (1879)
Newbridge (13th century)
Tenfoot Bridge
Shifford Cut Footbridge and Duxford Ford
Tadpole Bridge
Old Man's Bridge (1868)
Radcot Bridge (1787)
Eaton Footbridge (1936)
Bloomers Hole Footbridge (2000)
St. John's Bridge (1886)
Halfpenny Bridge (James Hollingworth, 1792) - the start of the navigable Thames
Hannington Bridge
Castle Eaton Bridge
Water Eaton House Bridge
Eysey Footbridge
A419 Road Bridge
Cricklade Town Bridge
Beyond Cricklade
Waterhay Bridge
High Bridge, Ashton Keynes
Three Bridges, Ashton Keynes
unnamed road bridge at grid reference 020946
Neigh Bridge
unnamed road bridge at grid reference 004972
Parker's Bridge, Ewen
A429 Road Bridge
A433 Road Bridge
Locks and weirs on the River Thames
London River Services
Islands in the River Thames
Thames Path
Bridges in the United Kingdom
Railway Gazette International is a monthly business journal about the railway, metro, light rail and tram industries worldwide.
Available by yearly subscription, the magazine is read in over 140 countries by people involved in the railway industry.
A mixture of technical, commercial and geographical articles, plus the regular monthly news pages, cover developments in all parts of the rail industry.
Railway Gazette International traces its history to May 1835 as The Railway Magazine.
The Railway Gazette title dates from July 1905 and it was renamed Railway Gazette International in October 1970.
Railway Gazette International is part of the Railway Gazette Group, itself part of DVV Media UK, part of the Hamburg-based Deutsche Verkehrs Verlag group.
Railway Gazette was previously part of Reed Business Information until 1 April 2007.
November 2007 is Volume 163, Number 11.
(This is a list of detailed maps)
Brazil - agricultural line
Turkey - February 2009, p053
Iran - January 2009, p047
Qatar - January 2009, p021
Ukraine - April 2008, p240
India - December 2007 Supplement p7.
History of Railway Gazette publications
Railway Directory online
Hainault is a station on the Central Line of the London Underground in Hainault in the London Borough of Redbridge.
Since 2 January 2007 the station is in Travelcard Zone 4.
3 trains per hours (tph) to Woodford
9 tph to Ealing Broadway via Newbury Park
Rail transport in London
London Travelcard zone 4
The Highland Football League (HFL) is a league of football clubs operating not just in the Scottish highlands, as the name may suggest, but also in the north-east lowlands (Moray and Aberdeenshire).
It is one of the three 'senior' non-leagues (that is a league that is not the Scottish Football League (SFL), Scottish Premier League or one of the Scottish Junior Football Association's leagues) in Scotland.
The HFL is a full member of the Scottish Football Association.
The HFL was formed on 4 August 1893, at the Inverness Workman's Club.
The original league consisted of seven teams: Inverness Thistle, Caledonian, Clachnacuddin, Forres Mechanics, Inverness Union, Inverness Citadel and Cameron Highlanders.
Ross County were an eighth original member, but resigned membership in November 1893.
Of the original teams, two are still playing in the league today (Clachnacuddin and Forres Mechanics), and two merged to become current Scottish Premier League club Inverness Caledonian Thistle.
Many of the member clubs have performed well when competing against SFL clubs in the Scottish Cup.
However, from the 1990s onwards, the HFL has been a victim of its own success, with various teams defecting to other leagues.
Furthermore it has also had to contend with overexposure of large teams in the area, such as Aberdeen and Inverness Caledonian Thistle, as well as the Old Firm to the South, and to an extent English football.
However, the lack of Premier League, and to a lesser extent First Division, teams in the area, has worked in its favour, with some football fans being less willing to travel long distances to games in southern Scotland.
The league has been somewhat weakened in recent years by the departure of many former members who have subsequently joined the SFL.
This happened in 1994 when Caledonian, Inverness Thistle and Ross County left.
Until then the HFL had operated with 18 clubs; this was reduced by the departure of the three mentioned clubs, but Wick Academy from the North Caledonian Football League were elected, to create a league of 16 clubs.
This was the state of affairs till 2000 when Elgin City and Peterhead were elected into the SFL.
In 2002 Inverurie Loco Works were elected into the HFL to give it a membership of 15 clubs, with which it continues to operate.
In 2008, North Region Junior League sides Formartine United and Turriff United both submitted bids to join the Highland League, following in the footsteps of past Junior League side Inverurie Locos.
If both teams were to join, the Highland League would have a total of 17 teams.
An even team league is preferred, so only one club's application was likely to be successful.
Whichever team is successful in their application was planned to join in the 2009–10 season.
However Banks O' Dee and Strathspey Thistle also applied, giving the potential for an 18 team Highland league in 2009-10 if three of these four clubs were elected.
HFL Members
Former Members now playing in the Scottish Football League
Linked Competitions
The HFL also administer several other competitions contested by some or all of the clubs.
These competitions are:
Highland League Cup
North of Scotland Challenge Cup
Inverness Cup
Aberdeenshire Shield
List of HFL championship winners
League Champions and membership
Final Tables 1893–2007
Semi-official HFL news
Highland league members 10 year records and general information
The Meselson–Stahl experiment was an experiment done by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in 1958, using E. coli DNA.
With their experiment, they found that DNA replication was semiconservative.
The DNA consists of two helices that are combined.
When the two helices are copied, each will have one part coming from the original cell.
The other part will be newly made.
In chemistry, that is called synthesis.
conservative replication: The original DNA is kept as it is.
Two new helices will be synthesized from it.
semi-conservative replication: Half of the DNA is kept, the other half is synthesized.
disperse replication: The mechanism is the same as semi-conservative replication; but the synthesized links could be added to either the old or new helix.
Meselson and Stahl found that DNA employs semi-conservative replication.
They put the bacteria in an environment with a Nitrogen isotope.
They first used N15.
The bacteria then integrated this isotope into their DNA.
Later they used an environment that contained N14.
They then looked at which of the isotopes the bacterial DNA contained.
They found that it contained both isotopes of nitrogen, which implies that conservative replication is not the correct conclusion.
By having a closer look they could then also rule out disperse replication.
Some helix strands were all v. Other helix strands from the time in the N15 environment had N14.
Biology experiments
The station is on the Central Line between South Woodford and Buckhurst Hill.
The station is also a terminus (an ending point) for services from Hainault by way of Chigwell.
The station was opened on 22 August 1856 as part of the Eastern Counties Railway branch to Loughton.
It was changed by the successor company, the Great Eastern Railway, to include services to Ilford by way of the Fairlop Loop that was opened in 1903.
After 1923 the station came under the control of the London & North Eastern Railway until it was given to the London Passenger Transport Board (LT) on 14 December 1947 as part of the extension of the Central Line services of the London Underground.
The station was a terminus for the Central Line, with passengers transferring to a steam shuttle towards Epping, until electric services began as far as Loughton (and around the 'loop' to Hainault) on 21 November 1948.
1856 establishments in Europe
Abram Games   (29 July 191427 August 1996) was a British graphic designer.
He was born Abraham Gamse.
He was the son of immigrants: a Latvian photographer and a Russo-Polish (part Russian, part Polish) seamstress.
He anglicized (make something sound more English) his name to Games at age 12 and was basically an autodidactic designer, and went to London's St. Martins School of Art (today named the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design) for only two terms.
However, while working as a "studio boy" (a general assistant) in commercial design company Askew-Young in London 1932-36, he took night classes in life drawing.
In 1934, his entry was second in the Health Council Competition and in 1935 he won a poster competition for the London City Council.
From 1936 to 1940 he was on his own as a freelance poster artist.
Abram Games, Graphic Designer (1914–1996): Maximum Meaning, Minimum Means, Design Museum, London, 2003
Amstutz, W. (1962).Who's Who in Graphic Art, Zurich: Graphis Press.
Gombrich, E.H., et al. (
1990).A. Games: Sixty Years of Design, South Glamorgan, UK: Institute of Higher Education.
| ISBN 0-9515777-0-0
Livingston, Alan and Isabella (2003).The Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Graphic Design and Designers, London: Thames and Hudson.
| ISBN 0-500-20353-9
Moriarty, Catherine, et al. (
Abram Games, Graphic Designer: Maximum Meaning, Minimum Means, London: Lund Humphries.
| ISBN 0-85331-881-6
Games, Naomi, et al. (
Abram Games: His Life and Work, New York Princeton Architectural Press.
| ISBN 1-56898-364-6
Official Abram Games website
Joan Waste (1534 - 1 August 1556) was a blind woman who was burned in Derby because she would not stop being a Protestant.
She had bought a Bible so that friends could read to her.
Waste was blind when she was born in 1534.
Her parents were William and Joan Waste.
William's job was to cut people's hair and make rope.
By the age of twelve, Joan had learned to make ropes and clothes.
In 1553, Queen Mary came to the throne and it was made illegal to hold Protestant views.
Mary condemned 277 people for not having the right sort of religion.
This crime was called heresy.
Joan Waste was taken to court for breaking the law.
The judge was a man employed by the bishop.
She had to defend her views and was told she would die.
She had not liked the fact that the church services were being read in the language of Latin.
She was to die for being a Protestant and for refusing to agree with the Catholic Church.
She bought a Bible in English, but the Catholic Church wanted them to only be in Latin.
She asked friends to read to her for a penny.
Her trial took place at All Saints Church.
This main building has been rebuilt, but the tower was built in 1530.
This tower is now part of Derby's cathedral.
Her death took place at the Windmill Pit on the Burton Road in Derby.
She was hanged over the fire with a rope.
She fell into the fire when the rope burned through.
The judge was Antony Draycot.
He went home to his meal.
The place where Joan Waste was killed is now the site of a church.
When Elizabeth I of England became queen in 1559 she removed Ralph Baines from the job of Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield.
Baines was sent to be a prisoner of  the Bishop of London.
The judge was also sent to be a prisoner.
He died after being released in 1571.
The site became Vauxhall Gardens in 1785 and money was charged to gain entry.
In 1817, the Battle of Waterloo was re-played with 1,000 soldiers taking part.
The park closed in 1859 and the land was sold to become buildings.
Scott, Walter Sidney, Green retreats; the story of Vauxhall Gardens, 1661–1859.
London: Odhams Press, 1955
The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol.
10, Issue 262, July 7, 1827
Ranelagh Gardens — Vauxhall Gardens' rival, which was open from 1742 to 1803.
Cremorne Gardens — 19th century public gardens in Chelsea.
Cuper's Gardens — 18th century tea garden in Lambeth.
Charles Green - record-making balloonist in the "Royal Vauxhall" 1836
Marylebone Gardens - musical gardens in Marylebone, 1738-1781.
Tivoli Gardens, Copenhagen, which were originally called Tivoli and Vauxhall Gardens.
David Coke, "Vauxhall Gardens", Rococo: Art and Design in Hogarth's England (London: Victoria and Albert Museum) 1984:75-81.
Poems about Vauxhall Gardens
Details on Vauxhall Gardens by the Vauxhall Society
Website on Vauxhall Gardens from David Coke, FSA, expert on the gardens
The Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens Detailed History from vauxhallandkennington.org.uk
Vladimir Ashkenazy (born  6 July 1937) is a Russian pianist and conductor.
He became world famous as a pianist.
During the last two decades he has become equally famous as a conductor, as well as performing and recording as a pianist.
Ashkenazy was born in Gorky, Russia.
His father was an Ashkenazi Jew, his mother was Russian.
Although his father was a pianist he never had lessons from him.
He began playing the piano when he was six.
He soon showed enormous talent and two years later went to the Central Music School in Gorki.
He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory.
He won second prize in the International Frederick Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1955 and the first prize in the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels in 1956.
He shared the first prize in the 1962 International Tchaikovsky Competition with British pianist John Ogdon.
Pianistic career
Vladimir Ashkenazy has had an extremely successful career as a pianist.
He became famous for his playing of Romantic music and music by Russian composers.
He recorded a very large amount of music including the 24 Preludes and Fugues of Dmitri Shostakovich, Alexander Scriabin's piano sonatas, Rachmaninoff's, Frédéric Chopin's and Robert Schumann's complete piano works, Beethoven's piano sonatas, and the piano concertos of Mozart (conducting from the keyboard with the Philharmonia Orchestra).
He recorded concertos with many of the world's most famous orchestras.
He still records and performs all over the world, often playing piano concertos and conducting from the piano keyboard.
In the late 1980s he started to become known as a conductor.
He was principal conductor of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from 1987 to 1994, and of the Czech Philharmonic from 1998 to 2003.
He became conductor (musical director) of the NHK Symphony Orchestra in 2004.
He toured with them in 2005, taking them to Vienna for their first concert in the famous concert hall called the Musikverein.
In 2006 he took them to Seoul and then to the United States where they played in many cities including San Francisco, Los Angeles (Walt Disney Concert Hall), Boston and New York City (Carnegie Hall).
He also played with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra in Stresa (Italy) in 2010.
Ashkenazy is now also conductor laureate of the Philharmonia, conductor laureate of the Icelandic Symphony Orchestra, and music director of the European Union Youth Orchestra.
He is often invited as a guest conductor to work with other famous orchestras.
Ashkenazy has been awarded many honours and prizes for his performances and recordings.
He lives with his Icelandic wife in Switzerland.
The  Tate is the United Kingdom's national museum of British and Modern Art.
It is a group of four art galleries in England:
Tate Britain (opened in 1897 and renamed in 2000)
Tate Liverpool (1988),
Tate St Ives (1993)
Tate Modern (2000).
There is a website, Tate Online (1998).
It is  administered as a quango (a non-departmental public body).Tate is used as the name for the corporation which was started as The Board of Trustees of the Tate Gallery.
The gallery was started in 1897, as the National Gallery of British Art.
When its role was changed to include Modern Art it was renamed the Tate Gallery after Henry Tate.
The Tate Gallery was first started in a building at Millbank, London on the Embankment.
In 2000, the Tate Gallery split its collection into four museums:
Tate Britain (in the original building) displays the collection of British art from 1500 to the present day;
Tate Modern, also in London, houses the Tate's collection of British and International Modern and Contemporary art from 1900 to the present day.
Tate Liverpool, in Liverpool has the same purpose as Tate Modern but on a smaller scale, and
Tate St Ives displays modern and contemporary art by artists who have a connection with the local area.
All four museums share the Tate Collection.
Tate Online
Tate Online is the Tate's web site.
Since its launch in 1998, the site has had information on all four Tate galleries (Tate Britain, Tate St Ives, Tate Liverpool and Tate Modern) in the same website.
Tate Online helps visitors with get ready to visit the galleries, but is also a gallery as well.
Other resources include information on all works in Tate's Collection of British and Modern International art, e-learning for all visitors, over 400 hours of webcasts, all articles from the magazine Tate Etc, and a series of Internet art works.
BT has sponsored Tate Online since 2001.
How it is run
The Tate gets money every year from the Department for Culture, Media & Sport.
It is run by a board of trustees.
Under the Charities Act 1993.
the Tate is a tax-exempt charity.
An entry fee is charged for all special collections, and there is a membership system to attract regular visitors.
Turner Prize
Tate Online — 65,000 works from the Tate Collection online, information on Tate's exhibitions and events programmes, and online learning resources.
TATE ETC.
Turner Worldwide - an ongoing online cataloguing of JMW Turner's work around the world.
Turner Collection Online The online catalogue of Tate's collection of nearly 300 oil paintings and 30,000 works on paper by JMW Turner.
Tate Gallery Records  Tate's own historical records.
Tate Podcasts Audio and video podcasts from Tate.
Tate in Space
Turner Museum
Michael Tilson Thomas (born  December 21, 1944), is an American conductor, pianist and composer.
He is the conductor of the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra.
Tilson Thomas was born in Los Angeles, California.
His grandparents were well known actors of the Yiddish theatre.
Tilson Thomas studied at the University of Southern California.
After being assistant conductor at the Bayreuth Festival his first important opportunity came in 1969 when the conductor William Steinberg became unwell during a concert with the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Tilson Thomas took over conducting the rest of the concert.
He stayed with the orchestra as assistant conductor until 1974, making several recordings with them.
He was conductor of the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra from 1971 to 1979.
During this time he conducted a series of Young People's Concerts with the New York Philharmonic.
From 1981 to 1985 he was the main guest conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra.
Tilson Thomas started a new orchestra, the New World Symphony, in Miami, Florida in 1987, to give talented young people a chance to play with a good orchestra.
From 1988 to 1995, he was principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, and since 1995 he has been their main guest conductor.
In 1995, he became conductor (music director) of the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra.
Tilson Thomas has conducted many styles of music, especially American music such as that of Charles Ives and Aaron Copland.
He also recorded all nine symphonies of Gustav Mahler.
In 2009 Tilson Thomas created the YouTube Symphony Orchestra to give a concert that could be watched on YouTube.
The orchestra was made up of young players from 30 different countries.
Michael Tilson Thomas official website
Esa-Pekka Salonen (born 30 June 1958) is a Finnish conductor and composer.
He is conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Philharmonia Orchestra in London.
He and his family live in Los Angeles, California.
Salonen was born in Helsinki, Finland.
He studied at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki, learning the French horn, composition and conducting.
Later he studied composition with several composers including Einojuhani Rautavaara.
He started conducting in 1979 with the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra, mainly in order to conduct his own compositions.
In 1983 he was asked at short notice to conduct the Philharmonia Orchestra when Michael Tilson-Thomas was ill.
This concert made him well known as a conductor.
Salonen was principal conductor of the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1984 to 1995.
He first conducted in the United States in 1984 with the Los Angeles Philharmonic.
In 1989 he became Principal Guest Conductor of the orchestra and soon became music director.
He has had this title ever since.
In 1992 he took the orchestra to the Salzburg Festival where they gave concert performances and well as playing in the opera house for the opera Saint-François d'Assise by Olivier Messiaen.
They toured throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia, and performed at the Lucerne Festival in Switzerland, the BBC Proms in London, in Cologne for a festival of Salonen's own compositions, and in 1996 at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris for a Stravinsky festival conducted by Salonen and Pierre Boulez.
The orchestra sounded very good in the Paris concert hall, and it made people realize that they needed a better concert hall in Los Angeles.
Soon the Walt Disney Concert Hall was built there.
In 2008 Salonen became the main conductor of the Philharmonia Orchestra.
He will leave his job with the Los Angeles Philharmonic in 2009.
He wants to have more time to compose.
Salonen married Jane Price who used to play with the Philharmonia Orchestra.
Esa-Pekka Salonen - Official Website
21st-century composers
An emergency telephone is a special telephone that can be used in an emergency situation.
Such telephones can usually  be found on highways, and other big roads.
They can also be found in places where people feel unsafe, such as big parks or the campuses of universities.
Emergency telephones are also placed at spots where many people commit suicide, like bridges or cliffs.
Emergency phones are usually connected directly, there is no need to dial a telephone number.
Lifting the receiver, or pushing a button will make the call.
Very often emergency telephones will also tell the other side where they are.
This is because people may not know where they are or  they may be in shock because of an accident that just happened.
There are many special rules that apply to emergency telephones.
They need to be in special colors, because color-blind people may not be able to tell the difference between certain colors.
They also need to be easy to use.
In an emergency situation, many people do not have time to think about how to operate them.
F-Zero is a racing video game first made for the SNES, where Captain Falcon made his debut.
It involves racing around a track at high speeds.
Other games in the F-Zero series are F-Zero X for Nintendo 64, F-Zero: Maximum Velocity for Game Boy Advance.
F-Zero GX for Nintendo GameCube and F-Zero: GP Legend for Game Boy Advance.
is the main character of the F-Zero series.
He wears a blue suit and a red mask.
His signature move is the "Falcon Punch".
Gujarati people (Gujarati: ગુજરાતી લોકો Gujǎrātī loko?),
or Gujaratis, is an umbrella term used to describe traditionally Gujarati-speaking people who can trace their ancestry to the state of Gujarat within the Republic of India.
The Arena da Baixada is a football stadium and an indoor arena in Água Verde neighborhood, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
It has a maximum seating capacity of 28,327 people.
It is formerly known as Estádio Joaquim Américo Guimarães.
It was named Kyocera Arena for a short period of time (beginning 2005 until April 1, 2008).
The stadium opened on June 6, 1914.
The stadium is owned by Clube Atlético Paranaense.
Its formal name honors Joaquim Américo Guimarães, a former chairman of Internacional-PR, which was a football club that merged with América-PR.
This merger formed Atlético Paranaense.
Joaquim Américo Guimarães started the stadium's construction in 1912.
Despite being called an arena, it is technically an outdoor stadium.
On May 31 2009, the stadium was made one of the match sites for the Brazil 2014 World Cup.
The stadium was built at the previous location of a Brazilian Army powder depot.
In 1934, the stadium was renamed Estádio Joaquim Américo Guimarães.
In the 1970s, the original stadium was closed down.
After being reopened in 1984 and operating for some years, the old stadium building was demolished on March 26, 1997, right after a construction project of a new arena was announced.
In June 1999, the new stadium was built.
In 2005, the stadium was renamed Kyocera Arena, after the Japanese company Kyocera purchased the naming rights.
The inaugural match of the old stadium was played on September 6, 1914, when Flamengo beat Internacional 7–1.
The inaugural match of the new building was played on June 24, 1999, when Atlético Paranaense beat Cerro Porteño of Paraguay 2–1.
The first goal of the stadium after its reinauguration was scored by Atlético's Lucas.
The stadium's attendance record currently stands at 31,740.
It was set on December 16, 2001 when Atlético Paranaense beat São Caetano 4–2, on the first game of that year's Brazilian Championship finals.
The contract with Kyocera that gave the company naming rights expired in early 2008.
It was not renewed, and no new partnership was announced.
The stadium went back to its old name, Arena da Baixada.
2014 World Cup fixtures and results
Kyocera Arena  - by Atlético Paranaense official website
Kyocera Arena - by Furacão website
Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) is an extinct aquatic mammal.
It is a member of the order Sirenia, which today consists of dugongs and manatees.
Discovered in 1741, Steller's sea cow weighed about 10 tonnes.
It fed on kelp, and lived in shallow waters around the Bering Sea.
Hunted relentlessly for their meat, they died out 27 years after their discovery.
The reduction in the kelp supply may also have contributed to their extinction.
Schinus areira is a tree of the sumac family.
The pepper tree Schinus areira is a weed in Australia.
It is often grown as shade or street tree.
Areal of S.areira
Bilal ibn Ribah (578-638) was one of the companions of Muhammad.
Bilal was an Ethiopian black slave.
Bilal ibn Rabah (, also called Bilal al-Habashi) was an Ethiopian born in Mecca in the late 6th century, sometime between 578 and 582.Bilal was an Ethiopian slave.
Bilal's owner was Umayyah ibn Khalaf, an enemy of Islam.
When Bilal learned about Muhammad and became Muslim, his master started punishing him.
When Muhammad heard about this, he ordered Abu Bakr to buy Bilal's freedom and Bilal -who was now free- joined Muhammad's companions.
Muhammad choose Bilal as the first muezzin.
A muezzin is someone who leads the call to daily prayer.
Sometimes Bilal walked the streets to call Muslims to come to prayer but most of the times, he said the Adhan from the top of the mosque.
Some years later, when the Muslim army walked towards Mecca, everyone ran to their homes and closed all doors and windows.
But, the Muslims went towards the Kaaba, the worship house believed to be built by Abraham and his elder son, Ishmael.
Bilal, shouted out loud to the people of Mecca that they were all safe: "All those who lay down arms are safe.
After Muhammad died, Bilal never said the Adhan again - except on two occasions.
Once in Syria and the second time, in Medina, when Muhammad's grandson, Hasan ibn Ali asked him to do so.
When Bilal was chosen as the Muezzin, some people complained to Muhammad.
They believed only an Arab can be a Muezzin, because Bilal could not pronounce the Arabic words correctly and he used to pronounce "s" instead of "sh".
When Muhammad heard their complaint, he said:
578 births
638 deaths
Aisha bint Abu Bakr (604-678; ) was the third wife of Muhammad.
Aisha is given honour in Islam, especially in the Sunni branch.
She is often called by Muslims Umm-al-mu'minin which means "the Mother of the Believers".
Aisha was the daughter of Abu Bakr of Mecca.
Aisha was 18 years old when she was betrothed to Muhammad. (
Marriage under the age of 21 was common worldwide at the time) She was not Muhammad's only wife.
Her ten-year marriage to Muhammad ended when he died.
Aisha lived fifty more years in and around Medina.
Much of her time was spent learning the Quran, and the Sunnah of Muhammad.
604 births
678 deaths
A deputy is a person who helps someone do their job when they are not there.
"Deputy" is a rank or title.
It usually refers to someone who is "second-in-command".
For example: a "Deputy Master" is someone who will take over the responsibilities of the Master when the Master is not there.
A "deputy conductor" will conduct an orchestra when the main (principal) conductor is not there.
It is similar to an "assistant".
Someone who is working as a deputy will deputize (stand in for someone else).
Sometimes other terms are used such as "vice".
A vice-president will take over the responsibilities of the president when he (or she) is not there or is ill.
André Previn was born as Andreas Ludwig Priwin to a Jewish family in Berlin, Germany.
He may have been born in 1930, but cannot be sure as his birth certificate was lost when he emigrated to the United States with his family in 1939 to escape the Nazis.
When he arrived in America he lived in Los Angeles.
He started to be well known by composing movie scores for Hollywood movies.
In 1967, Previn became conductor of the Houston Symphony Orchestra and in 1968 conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra.
He stayed with the LSO for eleven years.
His television series André Previn's Music Night helped to make classical music popular in Britain.
From 1976 to 1984, Previn was conductor of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (PSO), with whom he made another television series called Previn and the Pittsburgh.
He was also principal conductor of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.
Previn made many recordings and composed many movie scores and other musical works.
He also toured and recorded as a jazz pianist.