the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Most plants and animals convert it to Dieldrin.
It is listed in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, its production, use and trade are banned since 2004.
Aldrin is a neurotoxin.
People inhaling it can develop headaches, but also seizures.
In humans, Aldrin is converted to dieldrin in the liver.
The change will mean that it can leave the body again.
The problem is that the change is slow, and the half-life is about a year.
Aldrin may be a teratogen, and it probably causes cancer.
Aldrin is named after the German chemist Kurt Alder, one of the coinventors of this kind of reaction.
An estimated 270 million kilograms of aldrin and related cyclodiene pesticides were produced between 1946 and 1976.
In soil, on plant surfaces, or in the digestive tracts of insects, aldrin oxidizes to the epoxide, dieldrin.
Dieldrin is more strongly insecticidal than aldrin.
Mirex is a chlorinated hydrocarbon that was commercialized as an insecticide.
It was later banned because it was harmful to the environment.
This white crystalline odorless solid is a derivative of cyclopentadiene.
It was popularized to control fire ants but by virtue of its chemical robustness and lipophilicity it was recognized as a bioaccumulative pollutant.
However, the spread of the red imported fire ant was actually encouraged by the use of Mirex, as it also kills native ants that are highly competitive with the fire ants.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency prohibited its use in 1976.
Dieldrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon originally produced in 1948 by J. Hyman & Co, Denver, as an insecticide.
Dieldrin is closely related to aldrin.
Aldrin reacts further to form dieldrin.
Aldrin is not toxic to insects; it is oxidized in the insect to form dieldrin which is the active compound.
Both dieldrin and aldrin are named after the Diels-Alder reaction which is used to form aldrin from a mixture of norbornadiene and hexachlorocyclopentadiene.
Dieldrin was developed as an alternative to DDT and has proved to be a highly effective insecticide.
It was very widely used during the 1950s to early 1970s.
Endrin is a stereoisomer of dieldrin.
However, it is an extremely persistent organic pollutant; it does not degrade easily.
Furthermore, it tends to biomagnify as it is passed along the food chain.
Long-term exposure has proven toxic to a very wide range of animals including humans.
For this reason it is now banned in most of the world.
It has been linked to health problems such as Parkinson's disease, breast cancer, and immune, reproductive, and nervous system damage.
It can also adversely affect testicular descent in the fetus if a pregnant woman is exposed to Dieldrin.
Endrin is an insecticide that was commonplace among cotton growers and for the treament of cereals.
It was also used to kill rodents.
It is a neurotoxin.
It is a stereoisomer of Dieldrin.
In the soil, it can take up to twelve years to decay.
It is one of the twelve substances listed in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, and its production, trade and use is banned since 2004.
Mount Stromlo is west of the centre of Canberra, Australia, near the district of Weston Creek.
It is about  above sea level and  above the surrounding plains.
The Mount Stromlo Observatory (run by the Australian National University) is on the top of the mountain.
Canberra's main water supply treatment plant, supplied by the Cotter River catchment area is nearby.
Road access to the mountain is by Cotter Road on the south side, and Uriarra Road on the east and north.
The summit is reached by a road joining Cotter road just outside Duffy.
The mountain had been part of the Yarralumla Station, a farm now used as the residence the Governor-General of Australia.
It was named Mount Stromlo by Frederick Campbell in the 1880s, but it is not known where he got the name.
Mount Stromlo was chosen by Pietro Baracchi in 1910 as the site for an observatory.
The first telescope installed at Mount Stromlo was the Oddie telescope on 8 September 1911.
The building housing this telescope was the first built by the Australian government in Canberra.
In January 1913 the first telephone was connected to the Queanbeyan telephone exchange.
Mount Stromlo was burnt during bushfires in 2003.
The fire burnt a pine plantation that covered the mountain, destroyed much of the observatory and water treatment plant.
Before the 2003 fires, Mount Stromlo had some of the best and oldest mountain bike trails in Australia.
In May 2006 the trails were rebuilt and made bigger.
Stromlo Forest Park now has more than 35 km of cross country single trail, a Four-Cross course, several observed trials areas and a downhill track.
The 2009 Union Cycliste Internationale Mountain Bike and Trials World Championships were held at Mount Stromlo.
About 30,000 visitors from up to 40 countries came to the event.
More than 750 of the world's top riders took part in the four mountain bike sports of Cross Country, Downhill, Four Cross and Observed Trials.
Mount Stromlo also has a large building for events, with offices and change rooms.
There is a children's play ground, barbecues, a road cycling circuit, a grass cross country running track and horse riding trails.
The rock on Mount Stromlo is ignimbrite from a volcanic eruption during the upper Silurian period.
This is covering rhyodacite from a much earlier period, which can be seen on the surface on the lower slopes in the east and southeast sides.
The northern lower slopes are covered with a calcareous shale also from the Silurian period.
This is cut off on the northwest side by the Winslade Fault, which heads northeast to Cook and Kaleen.
A spur fault heads off east from the Winslade Fault to under the Scrivener Dam.
On the other side (northwest and north) of these faults are middle Silurian period rhyodacite volcanic deposits.
The northern side has been uplifted compared with the southern side.
Stoney Creek and its tributaries drain the north side of the mountain, The east side drains into the Molonglo River.
The south side supplies Blugar creek that runs into the Murrumbidgee River.
Aussie Fires Destroy Mount Stromlo Observatory
Mountains of Australia
The National Museum of Australia is a social history museum in Australia's capital city, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
It includes displays on the people of Australia, including the Indigenous Australians, the history of settlement and the environment.
It was opened in 2001.
National Museum of Australia website
Terminal Velocity is a video game that was published by 3D Realms and was developed by Terminal Reality.
The video game was released on May 1, 1995 and was released for the MS-DOS and Mac OS.
The game is an arcade-style flight combat game, with simpler game controls and physics than most other flight simulators.
The game is best known for it's fast and high-energy action sequences.
The game takes place in the year 2704, when the ASFAR (Alliance of Space-Faring Alien Races), of which Earth is a member of, suddenly turns against Earth and their fleet ravages the planet and starts a war.
The player has to fly a powerful starfighter called the TV-202, in a series of missions to defeat the enemy.
A huge supercomputer known as X.I. (Xenocidic Initiative) is responsible for the war and the final mission is to destroy it.
(also known as Lylat Wars in Australia and Europe) is a video game that was published by Nintendo and was developed by Nintendo EAD.
The game was released on April 27, 1997 in Japan, June 30, 1997 in North America, October 20, 1997 in Europe, and October 20, 1997 in Australasia for the Nintendo 64.
The game is a reboot of the original Star Fox for the SNES and is the first in the Star Fox series to be released on the Nintendo 64.
Star Fox 64 was also the first Nintendo 64 game to include a Rumble Pak.
The game received positive reviews with a 8.3 out of ten by GameSpot and 88 out of 100 from Metacritic.
The game was ranked as #73 on Nintendo Power's "Top 200 Nintendo Games Ever" and was also listed as the 45th greatest game of all time by Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition in 2009.
Star Fox 64 3D
is a remake released for the Nintendo 3DS console.
It was released between July and September 2011.
Official website (archive)
Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey is a 1993 animal-adventure movie that was produced by Jeffrey Chernov and Franklin R. Levy and was directed by Duwayne Dunham.
Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey was released on February 3, 1993 in North America.
It is a remake of the 1963 movie, The Incredible Journey which was based on the novel of the same name.
The movie was xxxxxxxxxx the 1996 movie, Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco.
The movie received positive reviews with a 87% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
Teltow is a place in Germany.
The population is around 4,000 and it is in the province of Potsdam-Mittelmark.
Page layout is a part of typography and graphic design.
It deals with the arrangement and style of elements (content) on a page.
Page design has long been a consideration in printed material.
It began with early illuminated manuscripts in the hand-copied books of the Middle Ages.
Today, modern magazine and catalogue layouts, (and other print media) consist of type (text), images (pictures), and occasionally place-holder graphics for elements that are not printed with ink such as die/laser cutting, foil stamping or blind embossing.
Since the advent of computing, page layout skills are used on electronic media as well as print.
The electronic page–the graphical user interface (GUI)–is often where design now takes place.
A page layout may be designed in a rough paper and pencil sketch before producing, or produced during the design process to the final form.
Both design and production may be achieved using hand tools or page layout software.
Producing a web page may require knowledge of markup languages along with WYSIWYG software.
Special considerations must be made for how the layout of an HTML page will change (reflow) when resized by the end-user.
Cascading style sheets are often required to keep the page layout consistent between web browsers.
Grids versus templates
A grid is a set of guidelines.
These can be seen by the designer, but are invisible to the end-user.
Their function is to align and repeatelements on a page.
A page layout may or may not stay within those guidelines, depending on how much repetition or variety the design style in the series calls for.
Grids are meant to be flexible.
Using a grid to lay out elements on the page may require just as much or more graphic design skill than that which was required to design the grid.
A template involves repeated elements mostly visible to the end-user/audience.
Using a template to lay out elements usually involves less graphic design skill than that which was required to design the template.
Templates are used for minimal modification of background elements and frequent modification (or swapping) of foreground content.
Most desktop publishing software allows for grids in the form of a page filled with coloured lines or dots placed at a specified equal horizontal and vertical distance apart.
Automatic margins and booklet spine (gutter) lines may be specified for global use throughout the document.
Multiple additional horizontal and vertical lines may be placed at any point on the page.
Invisible to the end-user/audience shapes may be placed on the page as guidelines for page layout and print processing as well.
Software templates are achieved by duplicating a template data file, or with master page features in a multiple-page document.
Master pages may include both grid elements and template elements such as header and footer elements, automatic page numbering, and automatic table of contents features.
Front-end versus back-end
With modern media content retrieval and output technology, there is much overlap between visual communications (front-end) and information technology (back-end).
Large print publications (thick books, especially instructional in nature) and electronic pages (web pages) require meta data for automatic indexing, automatic reformatting, database publishing, dynamic page display and end-user interactivity.
Much of the meta data (meta tags) must be hand coded or specified during the page layout process.
This divides the task of page layout between artists and engineers, or tasks the artist/engineer to do both.
More complex projects may require two separate designs: page layout design as the front-end, and function coding as the back-end.
In this case, the front-end may be designed using an alternative page layout technology such as image editing software or on paper with hand rendering methods.
Most image editing software includes features for converting a page layout for use in a "What You See Is What You Get" (WYSIWYG) editor or features to export graphics for desktop publishing software.
WYSIWYG editors and desktop publishing software allow front-end design prior to back end-coding in most cases.
Interface design and database publishing may involve more technical knowledge or collaboration with information technology engineering in the front-end.
Eric Carle (June 25, 1929 – May 23, 2021) was an American children's author and illustrator.
Carle illustrated more than 70 books with some being best sellers.
More than 102 million copies of his books have been sold worldwide.
His best known work is the 1969 book, The Very Hungry Caterpillar which has been translated into over 50 different languages.
Carle was born in Syracuse, New York.
He was drafted into the U.S. Army during the Korean War and was stationed in Germany with the Second Armored Division and was appointed the position of mail clerk.
Carle had a son and a daughter.
The Very Hungry Caterpillar is a children's book by American writer Eric Carle.
It is Carle's most famous book, it has been translated into over 50 different languages and has sold 30 million copies worldwide.
The book is about a caterpillar that eats food until pupating and becoming a butterfly.
The book was inspired by a hole puncher.
The New York Times named it as one of the "Ten Best Picture Books of the Year" in 1969.
Google celebrated the book's 40th anniversary in 2009 by changing the logo on its main search page to the style used in the book.
The Very Hungry Caterpillar reviews
The 1920 Duluth lynchings occurred when a mob attacked and lynched three black circus workers in Duluth, Minnesota.
Beforehand there were rumours that black people had raped a teenager.
A physician who examined the girl found no evidence of rape or assault.
The killings shocked the country, particularly because they had occurred in the northern United States.
Four other lynchings had occurred in Minnesota before that time.
In 2003, the city of Duluth erected a memorial to the murdered workers.
1920 in the United States
Deaths by hanging
Murder in the United States
20th century in Minnesota
Lynching is the execution of a person or persons, by the people of an area without the use of a court trial.
Often the people lynched have been hanged.
Other forms of lynching include being dragged to death behind a car, burning and use of a gun.
What makes the execution a lynching is the nature of it being done without a court trial by people who believe the accused is guilty of a crime.
Lynchings have been used in the southern states of the United States of America against African Americans during the time of slavery but more commonly after the abolition of slavery during the time of civil rights activism and the times of the various Ku Klux Klans.
Lynching continues to be a problem to this day, and is not just limited to southern states.
Lynching is murder, and many times the people who do it are never punished.
One horrific example of Lynching is Lynching of Jesse Washington.
Most lynchings were of African American men in the South.
But women were also lynched.
Also, white lynchings of blacks happened in the Midwest and Border States.
Sometimes whites were also lynched.
There were also lynchings of Native Americans, Hispanics and Asian Americans in the West, including California.
MERLIN, the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network, is an array of radio telescopes.
It is spread across Great Britain.
There are seven radio telescopes in the array.
MERLIN is run by Jodrell Bank Observatory, by the University of Manchester.
It is run as a national facility on behalf of the Science and Technology Facilities Council.
Grouped data is a statistical term used in data analysis.
Raw data can be organized by grouping together similar measurements in a table.
This frequency table is also called grouped data.
For example, someone gave a group of students a simple math question, and timed how long it took them to answer it.
The numbers are below:
The smallest amount of time was 8 seconds, and the largest was 34 seconds.
One method we could use to analyze the needed time is to group close numbers together.
In order to keep the analysis fair, we'll make each group be the same number of seconds.
We can then count how many students fell in each group.
For example, if we organized scores into 5 second ranges:
Another way to group data is to organize the scores data into groups based on their performance.
Suppose there are three types of students:
Smart (5 to 14 seconds)
Normal (15 to 24 seconds)
Below average (25 or more seconds)
Mean of grouped data
An estimate, , of the mean can be calculated from grouped data.
x refers to the mid-point of the class intervals
f is the class frequency.
Note that this estimated mean may be different from the sample mean of the ungrouped data.
The mean of the grouped data in the above example can be calculated as follows:
Data binning
Level of measurement
Discretization of continuous features
Newbold, P., W. Carlson and B. Thorne (2009) Statistics for Business and Economics, Seventh edition, Pearson Education. .
Kim Hyun-Soo () is a Korean name.
The surname is Kim (), and the given name is Hyun-Soo ().
It is usually thought of as a unisex name.
It can also be spelled as Kim Hyun-Su, Kim Hyeon-Soo or Kim Hyeon-Su.
Notable people with the given name Kim Hyun-soo
Kim Hyun-Su (born February 1973) (born on February 1973), an association football player, formerly of Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors.
Kim Hyun-Soo (born March 1973) (born on March 1973), an association football player, formerly of Daegu FC
Kim Hyun-Soo (baseball) (born 1988), a baseball player as a left fielder for the Doosan Bears.
EPITECH is specialized in the different fields of IT.
The school is part of IONIS Education Group.
ESME-Sudria is specialized in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, mechanics, telecommunications, and computer engineering.
List of ESME Sudria heads
Joachim Sudria	: 1905 - 1950
Pierre Doceul : 1950 - 1980
Jean Doceul : 1980 - 2003
Hervé Laborne : 2003 - 2011
Roger Ceschi : 2011 - 2014
Eric Simon : 2014 - 2015
Véronique Bonnet : Since 2015
Marc Sellam (1974), founder and current President of IONIS Education Group.
The Conference des Grandes Écoles (CGE) is an association of Grandes écoles of engineering and management, all recognized by the state and delivering a national degree after at least 5 years of higher education.
Some companies, alumni associations and organizations are also member of CGE.
It also organizes the Mastère Spécialisé, the Mastère en sciences and the BADGE programs.
The Winnipeg Jets were a professional ice hockey team from Winnipeg, Manitoba.
The Jets played in the National Hockey League for 17 seasons before being relocated to Phoenix, Arizona and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes in 1996.
A new Winnipeg Jets team was relocated back to Winnipeg from the Atlanta Thrashers in 2011.
Musical notes
La or A is the sixth note of the solfège. "
A" is generally used as a standard for tuning.
When the orchestra tunes, the oboe plays an "A" and the rest of the instruments tune to match that pitch.
Every string instrument in the orchestra has an A string, from which each player can tune the rest of their instrument.
A0 is the lowest note on the standard piano.
The octaves follow A1, A2, etc.. A7 is a few pitches lower than C8, the highest note on the standard piano.
The note "A" is not considered to be a certain milestone or mark to hit with voice as, for example, Tenor C is, but it can be extremely demanding in certain octaves.
Designation by octave
Common scales beginning on A
A Major: A B C D E F G A
A Natural Minor: A B C D E F G A
A Harmonic Minor: A B C D E F G A
A Melodic Minor Ascending: A B C D E F G A
A Melodic Minor Descending: A G F E D C B A
A Dorian: A B C D E F G A
Standard Pitch or Concert Pitch for Pianos by Barrie Heaton
Virginia Tech Music Dictionary: A
The American Old West, or the Wild West means the history, geography, people, and culture of life in the Western United States.
This often referring to the period of the later half of the 19th century, between the American Civil War and the end of the century.
This time is often shown in films like The Searchers, High Noon and Shane, in TV series like Bonanza and in fiction like Little House on the Prairie.
Like other popular historical themes such as pirates and ninjas, the relationship between fact and fiction is complex.
The term has been used for publishing at all levels, from small-circulation documents such as local newsletters to books, magazines and newspapers.
However the term implies a more professional-looking end result, with a more complex layout, than word processing, and so when introduced in the 1980s was often used in connection with homes and small organisations who could not previously produce publication-quality documents themselves.
Desktop publishing began in 1985 with the introduction of MacPublisher, the first WYSIWYG layout program, which ran on the original 128K Macintosh computer.
The DTP market exploded in 1985 with the introduction in January of the Apple LaserWriter printer, and later in July with the introduction of PageMaker software from Aldus which rapidly became the DTP industry standard software.
Before the advent of desktop publishing, the only option available to most persons for producing typed (as opposed to handwritten) documents was a typewriter, which offered only a handful of typefaces (usually fixed-width) and one or two font sizes.
Indeed, one popular desktop publishing book was actually titled The Mac is not a typewriter.
The ability to create WYSIWYG page layouts on screen and then print pages containing text and graphical elements at crisp 300 dpi resolution was revolutionary for both the typesetting industry and the personal computer industry.
Newspapers and other print publications made the move to DTP-based programs from older layout systems in the 1980s.
Behind-the-scenes technologies developed by Adobe Systems set the foundation for professional desktop publishing applications.
Although Macintosh-based systems would continue to dominate the market, in 1986, the GEM-based Ventura Publisher was introduced for MS-DOS computers.
While PageMaker's pasteboard metaphor closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually, Ventura Publisher automated the layout process through its use of style sheets.
This software automatically generated indices and other body matter.
This made it suitable for manuals and other long-format documents.
During its early years, desktop publishing acquired a bad reputation as a result of untrained users who created poorly-organized layouts — similar criticism would be levied again against early Web publishers a decade later.
However, some were able to realize truly professional results.
There are two types of pages in desktop publishing, electronic pages and virtual paper pages to be printed on paper.
All computerized documents are technically electronic, and are limited in size only by computer memory or computer data storage space.
Virtual paper pages will ultimately be printed, and therefore require paper parameters that coincide with international standard physical paper sizes such as "A4," "letter," etc.,
if not custom sizes for trimming.
Some desktop publishing programs allow custom sizes designated for large format printing used in posters, billboards and trade show displays.
A virtual page for printing has a predesignated size of virtual printing material and can be viewed on a monitor in WYSIWYG format.
Each page for printing has trim sizes (edge of paper) and a printable area if bleed printing is not possible as is the case with most desktop printers.
A web page is an example of an electronic page that is not constrained by virtual paper parameters.
Most electronic pages may be dynamically re-sized, causing either the content to scale in size with the page or causing the content to re-flow.
Master pages are templates used to automatically copy or link elements and graphic design styles to some or all the pages of a multipage document.
Linked elements can be modified without having to change each instance of an element on pages that use the same element.
Master pages can also be used to apply graphic design styles to automatic page numbering.
Page layout is the process by which the elements are laid on the page orderly, aesthetically, and precisely.
Main types of components to be laid out on a page include text, linked images that can only be modified as an external source, and embedded images that may be modified with the layout application software.
Some embedded images are rendered in the application software, while others can be placed from an external source image file.
Text may be keyed into the layout, placed, or (with database publishing applications) linked to an external source of text which allows multiple editors to develop a document at the same time.
Graphic design styles such as color, transparency, and filters, may also be applied to layout elements.
Some layout programs include style sheets for images in addition to text.
Graphic styles for images may be border shapes, colors, transparency, filters, and a parameter designating the way text flows around the object called "wraparound" or "runaround."
With word processing
In the early days of graphical user interfaces, DTP software was in a class of its own when compared to the fairly spartan word processing applications of the time.
Programs such as WordPerfect and WordStar were still mainly text-based and offered little in the way of page layout, other than perhaps margins and line spacing.
On the other hand, word processing software was necessary for features like indexing and spell checking, features that are common in many applications today.
With other electronic layout software
The key difference between electronic typesetting software and DTP software is that DTP software is generally interactive and WYSIWYG in design, while other electronic typesetting software  requires the user to enter the processing program's markup language without immediate visualization of the finished product.
One of the early and comprehensive reference books on the art of Desktop Publishing is Desktop Publishing For Everyone by K.S.V. Menon.
This publication deals with virtually every facet of publishing  and nearly all tools available as at the time of the publishing of this book in the year 2000.
There is some overlap between desktop publishing and what is known as Hypermedia publishing (i.e. Web design, Kiosk, CD-ROM).
Many graphical HTML editors such as Microsoft FrontPage and Adobe Dreamweaver use a layout engine similar to a DTP program.
However, some Web designers still prefer to write HTML without the assistance of a WYSIWYG editor, for greater control and because these editors often result in code bloat.
DTP applications
Adobe HomePublisher
iStudio Publisher
Ready,Set,Go
Many books specialise in the details of particular software.
These three teach the basics of page layout design on desktop systems.
Miles, John 1987.
Design for desktop publishing.
Fraser, London.
The first, and still one of the best.
Aldrich-Reunzel, Nancy and Fennell, John 1991.
The designer's guide to typography.
Phaidon, Oxford.
Parker, Roger C. 1995.
Desktop publishing & design for dummies.
Dabner, David 2004.
Graphic Design School: the principles and practices of graphic design.
Broader than just desktop publishing.
Desktop Publishing tips and tutorials
Gene silencing is a general term describing epigenetic processes of gene regulation.
It is used to describe the "switching off" of a gene by a mechanism other than genetic engineering.
That is, a gene which would be expressed ("turned on") under normal circumstances is switched off by machinery in the cell.
When a gene is silenced it means that its RNA is unable to make a protein.
Transcriptional gene silencing is done by histone modifications, which put heterochromatin around a gene.
This means the transcriptional machinery (RNA polymerase, transcription factors, etc.)
cannot get at the gene.
Genes may be silenced by DNA methylation.
This happens regularly during development, when genes are turned on and off at different stages.
Post-transcriptional gene silencing is done by blocking or destroying the mRNA of a particular gene.
The destruction of the mRNA prevents translation to form an active gene product (in most cases, a protein).
A common way mRNA gets silenced is by RNAi.
Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing are used to regulate genes.
Methods of gene silencing also protect the organism's genome from transposons and viruses.
Gene silencing thus may be part of an ancient immune system protecting cells from such infectious DNA and RNA.
Neurospora is a genus of Ascomycete fungi.
The best known species in this genus is Neurospora crassa, a common model organism in genetics and molecular biology.
N. crassa is used as a model organism because it is easy to grow and has a haploid life cycle that makes genetic analysis simple since recessive traits will show up in the offspring.
Analysis of genetic recombination is facilitated by the ordered arrangement of the products of meiosis in Neurospora ascospores.
Neurospora was used by Edward Tatum and George Wells Beadle in their experiments for which they won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958.
Beadle and Tatum exposed N. crassa to x-rays, causing mutations.
They then observed failures in metabolic pathways caused by errors in specific enzymes.
This led them to propose the "one gene, one enzyme" hypothesis that specific genes code for specific proteins.
Their hypothesis was later elaborated to enzyme pathways by Norman Horowitz, also working on Neurospora.
In the 24 April 2003 issue of Nature, the genome of N. crassa was reported as completely sequenced.
The genome is about 43 megabases long and includes approximately 10,000 genes.
There is a project underway to produce strains containing knockout mutants of every N. crassa gene.
In its natural environment, N. crassa lives mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions.
It can be found growing on dead plant matter after fires.
Neurospora is actively used in research around the world.
It is important in the elucidation of molecular events involved in circadian rhythms, epigenetics and gene silencing, cell polarity, cell fusion, development, as well as many aspects of cell biology and biochemistry.
Rosemont is a village in Illinois in the United States.
It is near the O'Hare Airport, just northwest of Chicago.
The Allstate Arena is in Rosemont.
Satellite television is a way of sending television signals.
Television channels go to a ground station, which sends them by radio waves to a communications satellite in space.
The satellite then transmits that signal back to earth.
People with a satellite dish can receive the signals.
Very often, satellite television is provided as a pay television service (especially to places where cable TV is not available).
Sky (UK)
Freesat (UK)
Dish Network (US)
Granada Television was a television production company.
It owned an ITV television channel of the same name.
It produced a number of shows for many television stations (like Channel 4 and Sky).
The company is now known as ITV Studios, which is owned by ITV plc.
Granada's best known programme is the long-running soap opera Coronation Street.
Heptachlor is an insecticide.
It was used against ants, termites, against mosquitos of the genus Anopheles, that can spread malaria and as a general pesticide.
In humans, heptachlor damages the liver, and the central nervous system.
It is sold as a powder.
The Diels-Alder reaction is used to produce it.
The compound is very stable and can stay in the environment for decades.
The Magellan Telescopes are two 6.5 meter diameter optical telescopes at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile.
The two were named after the Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan.
Each telescope is also named; the Baade after astronomer Walter Baade, and the Clay after the philanthropist Landon T. Clay.
Magellan Project homepage
Las Campanas Observatory  is an astronomical observatory in the southern Atacama desert in Chile.
It is owned and operated by the Carnegie Institution for Science.
It was built in 1969 as the main observing site for the Carnegie Institution for Science.
The headquarters are located in La Serena, Chile and the observatory is about  northeast of the city.
The observatory is at  above sea level.
Magellan Telescopes — Two 6.5m telescopes, Magellan 1 named after Walter Baade and Magellan II after Landon Clay
Du Pont Telescope — 2.5-meter (100-inch), named after Irénée du Pont and in operation since 1977
Swope Telescope — 1m, named after Henrietta Swope
Warsaw Telescope — 1.3 m, owned by Warsaw University Observatory
Giant Magellan Telescope (under construction) — 24.5 m effective (seven 8.4 m segments)
NANTEN Telescope (closed) — 4m millimeter-wavelength radio telescope, transported to Atacama desert, Chile.
There are also the small "Pi of the sky" wide-angle cameras that filmed the gamma ray burst GRB 080319B in 2008.
This was the largest explosion ever seen in the Universe, and could have been seen without a telescope.
Tyler Perry (born September 13, 1969 in New Orleans) is an American playwright and actor, whose work plays are usually for encouragement to African Americans.
Having started writing plays at age 18, Perry created a successful touring theater company, videos of whose performances were sold on DVD.
As of March 2005, the plays had grossed over $75 million in ticket and DVD sales.
He is well known for his plays on Madea.
At age 16, he had his first name legally changed from Emmitt to Tyler in an effort to distance himself from his father.
Film work
Play work
Tyler Perry Official website
Tyler Perry's 34th Street Films Official website
Interview with Tyler Perry on beliefnet.com
"Be Easy" is a song by Canadian-Lebanese singer Massari.
The song peaked at number four on the Canadian Singles Chart, number 70 on the German Singles Chart and number 24 on the Portuguese Singles Chart.
The song became the second single from Massari (2005).
The music video won "Best Pop Video of the Year" at the 2006 MuchMusic Video Awards.
"Smile for Me" is a song by Canadian-Lebanese singer Massari.
The song was the lead single from Massari (2005).
Massari () is the debut album by Canadian-Lebanese singer Massari.
It was certified gold for selling 50,000 copies in Canada.
A spectrograph  is an instrument that breaks up a wave into a frequency spectrum.
These could be sound, light or radio waves.
For example the frequency spectrum of light is the brightness (intensity) and the amount of each colour.
There are several kinds of machines called spectrographs, used to look at different waves.
The term was first used in 1884.
Spectrographs and astronomy
In astronomy, the first spectrographs used photographic paper as the detector.
The star spectral classification and discovery of the main sequence, Hubble's law and the Hubble sequence were all made using photographic paper.
The plant pigment phytochrome was discovered using a spectrograph that used living plants as the detector.
New spectrographs use electronic detectors, such as CCDs which can be used for both visible and UV light.
The type of detector depends on the wavelengths of light to be recorded.
Echelle spectrograph
An echelle spectrograph is a special machine which is able to break up light waves, with a high resolution and little interference.
It does this by using very narrow slits which breaks light into beams, and then breaking up those beams again.
James, John (2007), Spectrograph Design Fundamentals (Cambridge University Press)
Spectrograph for astronomical Spectra
is a Japanese scientist.
He studies the human brain.
He works a researcher at Sony Computer Science Laboratories and teaches at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.
Mogi was born 20 October 1962 in Nakano Ward, Tokyo.
His family soon moved to Kasukabe, Saitama where he grew up.
He has an unusual hairstyle and cuts his own hair.
He graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1985 with a degree in science and in 1987 with a degree in law.
Mogi earned his Ph.D. in 1992.
His thesis was called "Mathematical Model of Muscle Contraction".
In 2009, Japan's National Tax Agency said that Mogi had broken tax laws.
Mogi did not pay all of his taxes for three years.
He tried to hide income of ¥400,000,000.
NHK fired Mogi from a TV program because of his bad behavior.
Scientists from Tokyo
Occupy Wall Street was a protest that started in 2011 in New York City and spread into other cities all over the United States.
Citizens protested against how poor and wealthy people have lived in different ways and are treated differently by other people, and also against the way corporations used their money.
People in New York started protesting in Zuccotti Park on September 17, and some people decided to camp there overnight.
It grew to include several thousand people, with many different political views.
Protesters included some communists, political moderates, liberals, conservatives, and libertarians.
Many of the Occupy protests in the rest of the country only started as in the middle of October.
In some places, like Denver, Oakland, and New York City itself, police acted violently.
In some places, including Miami, the protests were peaceful and some police officers supported the protests.
After 2011 the numbers of people involved dwindled away.
2010s in New York City
Protests in the 2010s
Thelma is a female given name which in Greek means "will and volition".
There are many celebrities going under this feminine name.
Also, there are many television series featuring characters with the name Thelma.
In addition, a deadly tropical cyclone by the name Thelma struck the Philippines in latter 1991.
Thelma Catherine Ryan, wife of U.S. president Richard Nixon
Thelma Ritter, American actress
In astronomy, first light is the first time a telescope is used to look at the Universe.
This is often not the first time the telescope has been used.
Tests will have been done during daylight to make sure everything is working.
Images taken during first light are not normally of scientific interest.
They are usually poor quality as the parts of the telescope have not been properly adjusted for best performance.
Usually, a well-known and spectacular astronomical object is chosen.
First light is always a moment of great excitement, both for the people who designed and built the telescope, and for the astronomical community.
For example, the 200-inch Hale Telescope saw first light January 26, 1949, targeting a nebula located in the constellation Monoceros.
under the direction of American astronomer Edwin Hubble.
The image was published in many magazines.
The Large Binocular Telescope had its first light with a single primary mirror on October 12, 2005.
This was a view of NGC 891, a spiral galaxy in the Andromeda constellation .
The second mirror was installed in January 2006 and the telescope became fully operational in January 2008.
In physical cosmology, first light refers to the light coming from the first generation of hyperstars.
These were formed less than a billion years after the big bang, bringing an end to the cosmological Dark Ages.
Esther Mary Vergeer (born 18 July 1981, Woerden) is a Dutch wheelchair tennis player.
Vergeer has not lost a match in singles since February 2003.
She has won 39 Grand Slam titles, five Paralympic Gold Medals and 21 Masters titles.
Vergeer has been the world number one since 1999.
Vergeer is also a former wheelchair basketball player.
She was part of the team which won the European Championships in 1997.
In March 1988 after a swimming lesson Vergeer became dizzy and passed out.
Vergeer was just six years old at the time.
Doctors found out that Vergeer was bleeding in her head.
The bleeding had caused Vergeer to pass out.
Vergeer had the blood removed.
Six weeks later she went home.
Yet the next year in June Vergeer had more headaches.
She also had pressure behind the eyes and pain in her neck.
The doctors could not find what was wrong.
They sent her home.
In October, doctors found Vergeer to be bleeding in her head again.
They drained the blood.
The doctors also found that Vergeer had an Vascular myelopathy.
This abnormality caused the strokes that Vergeer experienced.
On the 15 of January 1990, after a nine-hour operation Vergeer was unable to move her legs.
The operation took place near to her spinal cord.
Vergeer had one final operation in March but still could not move her legs.
Vergeer won her eleventh British Open singles title beating Griffieon in the final.
Against Griffieon, Vergeer beat her for the forty ninth time.
It was the first time that Vergeer had beaten her without losing a game.
The tournament win was Vergeer's tenth US Open USTA Wheelchair tennis championships.
Vergeer won her sixth U.S. Open by beating van Koot.
Vergeer was good enough to reach both the singles and doubles events at the Masters.
bio – file interview with Esther Vergeer
Dutch Paralympic gold medalists
Dutch Paralympic silver medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Dutch wheelchair tennis players
Sportspeople from Utrecht (province)
Elizabeth Louise Kendall (born 1971) has been the MP for Leicester West since 2010.
She is a member of the Labour party.
Nigel Keith Anthony Standish Vaz, known as Keith Vaz, was born 26 November 1956 in Aden, Yemen to Indian parents.
He moved to Twickenham, London during his childhood.
He is the MP for Leicester South.
Korie Homan (born 16 June 1986, de Wijk) is a retired Dutch wheelchair tennis player.
Homan was part of the current Paralympic doubles champion team.
Homan is the former Australian Open Champion.
She has won all the Grand Slam doubles titles.
In 2009 she complete the Grand Slam with Esther Vergeer.
In 2011 Homan retired from playing because of a wrist injury.
Homan was born to Jan and Gina Willem.
Homan has two older sisters.
At the age of 12 Homan was involved in a car accident.
In 2003, when she finished school she had her leg cut off.
Homan first appeared on the wheelchair tennis tour in 2003.
By the end of the season she had reached number 23.
Homan did not have a ranking at the start of the year.
In 2004 at the age of 17 Homan won her first Masters title.
She won the doubles with Jiske Griffioen.
At the 2005 US Open Homan reached her first Grand Slam finals.
She reached both the singles and the doubles final.
In the singles she lost in straight sets to Vergeer.
But she won the doubles with Vergeer.
In 2006 Homan won her first two series one titles.
She won both the singles and doubles titles in Livorno.
Homan also reached her second Grand Slam doubles final.
At the US Open Maaike Smit was her team mate.
They lost in straight sets to Vergeer and Griffioen.
The pair also lost the final of the Masters.
Homan started 2007 by losing in the final of the Australian Open doubles.
Her partner in the event was Florence Gravellier.
They lost the final in a match tiebreaker.
At the US Open Homan was joined by Sharon Walraven.
The pair reached the final before losing.
Homan also had final defeats at the Super Series events of the British, Japan and US Opens.
Homan lost both finals at the Masters.
In 2008 Homan lost both the singles and doubles finals at the Australian and French Opens.
She also lost in the singles final at the Masters.
At the Paralympic Games Homan won a Gold Medal in the doubles event.
She also won a silver medal in the singles.
In the final she became the first player in over five years to hold match point against Vergeer.
Homan's last competition was the 2010 Australian Open.
In July 2011 Homan said that she had retired because of a wrist injury.
Outside of tennis
Homan has a degree in biomedical science.
As of September 2010, she is studying Veterinary Medicine.
Korie Homan  at the International Tennis Federation
Sportspeople from Drenthe
A party realignment in the United States is when the country transitions from being mostly run by one political party to mostly run by another political party.
During party realignments, some groups of people who used to vote for one party vote for the other one.
Sometimes, political parties end and new ones begin.
Party realignments can happen because of important events in history or because of changes in the kinds of people in the country.
In the early 1800s, America had the "First Party System" with the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party.
When James Monroe was elected President of the United States, the Federalists died out.
There was an "Era of Good Feelings" of one-party rule by the Democratic-Republicans.
In the United States presidential election, 1824, four different men ran for President, all as Democratic-Republicans.
John Quincy Adams was elected.
After the election, Andrew Jackson formed a new party called the Democrats.
Jackson's party was strongest in the South and West, and in some cities (at this time, only a few Americans lived in cities).
Soon after Jackson's election, another party formed around supporters of Adams and Henry Clay.
It was first called the National Republican Party, and later the Whig Party.
The Whigs were strong in the North, and among the middle class and businessmen.
The system of Democrats and Whigs is called the "Second Party System."
1850s-60s
Whigs and Democrats who did not want to pass the Kansas-Nebraska Act (which would use popular sovereignty), and Free-Soilers (who, as a rule, opposed the expansion of slavery) formed a new party called the Republicans.
The Republicans' main goal was stopping slavery, but they also liked many of the things the Whigs liked.
The Whig Party broke up.
Some Whigs joined the Know-Nothing Party or other small parties for the 1856 election.
More joined the Republicans or Democrats.
In the 1860 election, Know-Nothings and Southern Democrats who supported the Union formed the Constitutional Union Party.
During and after the American Civil War, the Know-Nothings and Unionists were part of the Republican Party.
In 1860, what was left of the Democratic Party broke into Northern and Southern wings, one on each side of the Civil War.
By 1868, the Democratic Party came back together and there was the "Third Party System" of Democrats and Republicans.
America went from being mostly Republican in the 1920s to mostly Democratic in the 1930s.
This was due to America becoming much more urban, and the Great Depression.
Franklin D. Roosevelt formed a coalition that would mostly last until 1964 called the "New Deal coalition."
Urban areas became very Democratic.
They voted very heavily for people like Al Smith and Roosevelt.
They had been growing rapidly, due in part to immigrants who were part of democratic political machines.
African American citizens had been moving from the South into large Northern cities, in large part due to racial segregation.
Before the 1930s, they had either not voted or voted Republican.
Under Roosevelt, they mostly voted Democratic
Roosevelt also made gains in every part of the country, due to his mass appeal and the desire to end the depression
1960s-80s
In the 1960s and 70s, the New Deal coalition fell apart.
This was due to the  Civil Rights Movement, Roe v. Wade, Vietnam War and the suburbanization of America.
What changed:
After the 1964 Civil Rights Act, many white, conservative Southern Democrats became Republicans.
The South had been mostly Democratic before 1964; it was mostly Republican after (Although on the local level continued to be heavily democratic for decades).
Many "values voters" became Republicans.
These were people who voted based on their own form of morality.
To them, abortion and gay rights were immoral.
In the 1960s, sex was closely tied to morality.
In this way, people who opposed abortion and gay rights, for example Jerry Falwell, and the changes to society happening in the 1960s and 70s, became Republicans.