the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Horses have been domesticated for at least 5000 years.
They have been used by humans in many different ways for travel, work, food, and pleasure and showing.
Cavalry horses were used in war until the middle 20th century.
They are used for riding and transport.
They are also used for carrying things or pulling carts, or to help plow farmer's fields in agriculture.
People have used selective breeding to make bigger horses to do heavy work.
Some people keep horses as pets.
Today, horses are mostly used for entertainment and sports.
They are also still used for work and transportation in some places.
Horses are used in equestrianism, which is equine sports such as cross-country, showjumping, dressage, horse polo, rodeo, western pleasure, horsemanship, reining, and halter/showmanship events etc.
Showjumping, cross-country and dressage are Olympic sports. "
Equus" is the old Latin word for horse.
Other uses of horses
Horsehide is a tough leather made from the skin of horses.
Horsehair is used to make a stiff fabric.
Horsehair can also be used as a stuffing for furniture.
Horsehair can be mixed with plaster to make it strong.
Horse bones can be used to make gelatin for food.
The bones can also be used to make glue.
Animal glue is still preferred by some wood workers.
Horses are used all over the world to carry people and pull carts.
They are used in big cities to help police watch and protect people in crowds.
Other female equines are also sometimes called mares.
Before her third birthday, she is called a filly.
When a mare wants to mate, she is called in heat.
This part of the estrous cycle lasts for about three weeks.
Mares are more prone to being temperamental, some people would call this being "mare-ish".
Horse breeds
Horse riding – sports with horses
Pony – for little horses
Donkey (Ass)
The afterlife is what some people believe happens after death.
Different religions teach different things about the afterlife.
Some religions believe in reincarnation (to come back to life as a different person or even animal).
These religions include Buddhism and Hinduism.
Hinduism specifically believes that at death the soul leaves the physical body but does not die.
It lives in an astral body in an astral plane.
Here the soul continues until it is born again in another physical body as a baby.
Salvation (called Moksha) in these religions is a release from this endless cycle of re-births.
Most people in the world believe you go to another place after you die, such as heaven or hell.
Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Jainism are religions that believe in this.
For example, those that follow Christianity believe that if you accept the Christ (Jesus of Nazareth, the son of the Virgin Mary) as your saviour, you will spend eternity in heaven after death; if you do not accept him, you will be separated from him after death.
Many other religions believe in an afterlife of some kind.
Ancient Egyptians believed in an `afterlife`.
They put things into the graves of important people.
These were to be used in the next life.
The Vikings had some similar beliefs.
There are also those who do not believe that there is an afterlife, and that you simply cease to exist once you die.
Atheists believe there is no God and no afterlife.
The Sadducees were a sect of Judaism in the time of Jesus.
The believed there was no spirit in man.
So, after death there was no more life. .
Prayer is a communication to God.
Many believe their prayers are answered and evidence of it is primarily reported in the Old and New Testament.
Later miracles and graces have been reported by the Church and by common people.
Prayer is done by those who trust the power of word and thought.
Jesus taught people to say the Lord's Prayer.
Prayer can be spoken, silent (no talking), or in a song.
It can be used to praise God or to ask for something including help and forgiveness.
Prayers can be said over and over again as in a Rosary or just once.
The Rosary includes Lord's Prayer and several others.
Sister Lucia of Fatima said that Virgin Mary "in these last times in which we live has given new efficacy in the recitation of the Holy Rosary" and that " She has given this efficacy to such an extent that there is no problem, no matter how difficult it is, whether temporal or above all spiritual, in the personal life of each one of us, of our families … that cannot be solved by the Rosary".
Islamic prayer, or salat is a duty to be performed five times per day.
Hinduism has prayer to various divinities or holy beings.
Some people say that prayers for sick people bring them health.
( is a prayer or request made by Muslims in which they ask for help from their God.
Muslims see dua as a very serious way of worship.
Dua has been done by Muslims for a long time, as it is seen as very important by a lot of Muslims and Muslim families.
They have been carried on as traditions.
Genesis (Greek: ἡ γένεσις "origin, birth") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible.
It means creation.
It begins with the creation of the Universe.
It ends with the death of Joseph.
The Hebrew name for the book is transliterated Bre'shiyth, which means 'in beginning.'
God created the universe and everything in it in six days.
God rested on the seventh day (Sabbath) and declared it a holy day of rest.
God provided the Garden of Eden to the first man, Adam, and the first woman, Eve.
There was only one thing that they were not allowed to do.
God told them not to eat from the tree of knowledge, which would make them aware of good and evil.
A snake tricked Eve, and she ate the fruit from the tree of knowledge.
She then gave Adam some of the fruit, and he ate as well.
Because they did not obey him, God made them leave the garden, so all people had to work for their food.
Adam and Eve's first two children were sons, Cain and Abel.
Abel was a shepherd and Cain was a farmer.
Cain fell into sin and killed his brother Abel out of jealousy, making him the first person to commit murder. (
Genesis 4:1–16)
Later, when the world was full of people who were evil, God chose to kill them and save only the animals and the most morally righteous person alive.
He told a man, named Noah, to build a huge boat and gather two of every bird, mammal and lizard onto it.
He was instructed to take 14, or a pair of 7, of clean animals.
Only 2 of each could be unclean.
Noah built and filled the boat as he was told, and a flood covered the whole world.
After 40 days and nights, the rains stopped.
Once the water had receded the boat landed on the mountain of Ararat.
God promised never to send another such flood, and he used the rainbow as a sign of that promise.
The people of the world attempted to build a high tower (Tower of Babel) to show the power of mankind and to reach God.
God felt insulted and gave people different languages to prevent the tower from ever being finished.
God chose Abram to be "the father of many nations."
Abram changed his name to Abraham, and God promised him the land of Canaan (Israel) forever.
As a sign of this promise, the sons of Abraham are circumcised.
God tested Abraham's loyalty by asking him to kill his son Isaac.
Abraham was ready to do it, but God sent an angel to stop him.
God told him there would be no more human sacrifice.
Isaac and his wife Rebekah had two twin sons, Esau and Jacob.
Jacob traded food to Esau for Esau's right to carry the family name.
Rebekah helped trick Isaac, who was old and blind, into giving his final blessing to Jacob by dressing him in fur (Isaac felt Jacob's furs and thought he was his hairy twin, Esau).
Esau later got a blessing of his own.
Jacob left to find a wife.
He found Rachel and worked for her father, Lavan, for seven years to marry her, but was tricked into marrying her sister Leah.
He worked for another seven years to marry Rachel.
He went back to his home, then moved to Bethel, where God told him to change his name to Israel.
Jacob later also marries the servants of Leah and Rachel, whose names are Bilah and Zilpah.
Jacob had twelve sons named Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issaschar, Zebulun, Gad, Dan, Asher, Naftali, Joseph, and Benjamin.
His wife Rachel died after she gave birth to Benjamin.
Jacob gave his son Joseph a coat of many colors.
Joseph's brothers were jealous, so they sold him into slavery in Egypt.
They covered his coat in blood and told their father he had died.
Joseph became a great leader in Egypt by predicting a long famine by explaining the pharaoh's dreams.
During the famine, his brothers came to Egypt to buy food.
They did not know that Joseph was the leader.
Joseph first tricked the brothers, but then gave them food and let them stay in Goshen in Egypt.
Umberto Cassuto, From Noah to Abraham.
Eisenbrauns, 1984.
ISBN (A scholarly Jewish commentary.)
Isaac M. Kikawada & Arthur Quinn, Before Abraham was – The Unity of Genesis 1-11.
Nashville, Tenn., 1985. (
A challenge to the Documentary Hypothesis.)
Nehama Leibowitz, New Studies in Bereshit, Genesis.
Jerusalem: Hemed Press, 1995. (
A scholarly Jewish commentary employing traditional sources.)
Henry M. Morris, The Genesis Record: A Scientific and Devotional Commentary on the Book of Beginnings.
Baker Books, 1981.
ISBN (A creationist Christian commentary.)
Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (now Pope Benedict XVI), In the Beginning.
Edinburgh, 1995. (
A Catholic understanding of the story of Creation and Fall.)
Jean-Marc Rouvière, Brèves méditations sur la création du monde.
L'Harmattan Paris, 2006.
Nahum M. Sarna, Understanding Genesis.
New York: Schocken Press, 1966. (
A scholarly Jewish treatment, strong on historical perspective.)
Nahum M. Sarna, The JPS Torah Commentary: Genesis.
Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1989. (
A mainstream Jewish commentary.)
E. A. Speiser, Genesis, The Anchor Bible.
Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1964. (
A translation with scholarly commentary and philological notes by a noted Semitic scholar.
The series is written for laypeople and specialists alike.)
Bruce Vawter, On Genesis: A New Reading.
Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1977. (
An introduction to Genesis by a fine Catholic scholar.
Genesis was Vawter's hobby.)
Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg, The Beginning of Desire: Reflections of Genesis.
New York: Doubleday, 1995. (
Online texts and translations of Genesis
Bible Gateway
Bereshit with commentary in Hebrew
בראשית Bereishit - Genesis (Hebrew - English at Mechon-Mamre.org)
Hebrew Audiobook of Genesis from Librivox
Young's Literal Translation (YLT)
New International Version (NIV)
New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
Westminster-Leningrad codex
Aleppo Codex
Old Testament books
Creation myths
In the Bible, Joseph was a son of Jacob.
Joseph's brothers hated him, because he was their father's favorite son, and his father gave him a coat which was said that it was revealed from heaven.
One day they decided to kill him but changed their minds.
According to Genesis they sold him as a slave.
In Islamic tradition they threw him in a large well that had only a little salt water but when he drank it, by the will of God, it was very sweet.
A passing caravan found him and took him as a slave to Egypt.
Joseph became the slave of the chief of the Pharaoh's guards but was put in prison, where he interpreted the dreams of other prisoners.
The Pharaoh heard of his power and asked for interpretations of his own dreams.
Joseph became the Pharaoh's prime minister.
This caused the Israelites to leave Canaan and live in Egypt.
Mary Magdalene is a woman in all four gospels of the New Testament.
She became a faithful follower of Jesus after he delivered her from seven demons.
She witnessed the crucifixion and burial of Jesus, and was the first person to see and talk with him after he arose from the dead.
She told the apostles that she had seen him alive.
Mary is a saint in the Catholic church.
She is remembered on July 22.
A witness is someone who sees something happen.
They are often used in court to help find the truth.
During a trial, the two lawyers will bring in witnesses to help back up their arguments.
In a criminal trial, the prosecution lawyer will often bring in the victim of the crime to say what happened, and anyone else who can prove the accused person did the crime.
The defense lawyer will nearly always call up the accused person to explain why they are not guilty, and bring in other witnesses who can prove the accused person is not guilty.
Each time a lawyer brings in a witness, the other lawyer will cross examine the witness - they will ask them questions to make sure they are telling the truth.
Witnesses have to swear to tell the truth during the trial.
If a witness lies in court, it is known as perjury, which is a crime.
A witness can be subpoenad, which means they are required to testify in court.
If the witness does not testify when given a subpoena, they can be punished.
Witness statements (UK)
Legal terms
Two books in the New Testament.
They are letters by Saint Paul to the church at Corinth.
They are called the First Epistle to the Corinthians and the Second Epistle to the Corinthians.
A Brazilian football team from São Paulo.
It is very famous in Brazil and have the second biggest number of football supporters in this country.
Corinth is a city in Greece.
It gave its name to the Corinth Canal.
This is in the middle of the Isthmus of Corinth, a narrow strip of land which joins the Peloponnese peninsula with mainland Greece.
It has a castle called the acrocorinth.
Corinth is in the north of Peloponnese.
It is a coastal city.
It had 60,000 people at the 2011 census.
During antiquity, Corinth was one of the most important Greek cities.
It was often the opponent of Athens and these two cities competed with each other.
It founded many colonies in south Italy and Sicily such as Siracusa.
Corinth was conquered by Romans in 146 B.C. Two epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthian Christians are in the Bible.
The modern city of Corinth is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the ancient ruins.
Since 1896, the Corinth excavations by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens have revealed large parts of the ancient city.
Recent excavations by the Greek Ministry of Culture have brought to light important new discoveries.
During Middle Ages, it was an important city with a fortification.
In 1460 it came under Turkish rule and it was liberated in 1830, after the Greek War of Independence.
Cities in Greece
Crosses in religion
the Christian cross
the Ankh, an Ancient Egyptian symbol for life
the Swastika, a symbol in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, but also used in many cultures at different times.
Other crosses
the Swastika, also known as Hakenkreuz used as a symbol of Nazism.
This sign is thought to be insulting by many people in the West.
the Cross of Saint Peter, an inverted Latin cross, used by Catholics and also associated with Satanism.
the Red Cross, used by medical and humanitarian groups
The Peloponnese is a large peninsula in Greece.
It is the part of Greece which is south of the Isthmus of Corinth.
The Peloponnese has many mountains and a long jagged coastline.
The highest part is Mount Taygetus in the south.
There are four south-pointing peninsulas within the Peloponnese.
They are called Messenia, the Mani Peninsula, Epidaurus, and the Argolid.
There are also two groups of islands near the Peloponnese.
In the east there are the Argo-Saronic Islands and in the west there are the Ionian Islands.
There is also the island of Kythira, which is near to the Epidaurus peninsula.
Kythira is often thought of as part of the Ionian Islands.
The Peloponnese has had people living on it since prehistoric times.
Its name means Island of Pelops.
Pelops was a person from Greek mythology, who took over the island.
During the Middle Ages and the Ottoman Empire, the peninsula was known as the Morea.
Peripheries of Greece
The Isthmus of Corinth is a narrow bit of land which connects the Peloponnese peninsula with mainland Greece.
It is near to the city of Corinth.
The narrow Corinthian Canal cuts through the isthmus, connecting the Aegean Sea to the Gulf of Corinth.
Geography of Greece
hr:Korintski kanal
Tripoli is a city in northwest Libya.
It is the capital of the country.
More than three million people live in the metropolitan area.
Originally a Phoenician colony, Tripoli became in turn part of Greek and Roman Cyrenaica, a pirate port, a part of the Ottoman Empire, and the capital of the Italian empire in North Africa.
Argos is a city in south Greece, the capital of Argos-Mycenae Municipality.
It is in the Argolis prefecture, which is on the Peloponnese peninsula.
It is named after the child of Zeus and Niobe in Greek mythology.
It is the biggest city in Argolida prefecture but the capital of prefecture is Nauplion.
Argos is very historical city.
The first residents arrived more than 7,000 years ago.
It is considered the oldest city in Greece from ancient Greek writers.
The city houses numerous archaeological monuments.
Agriculture is an important sector of the local economy.
Sparta was a Greek city-state.
It is the capital of the Laconia prefecture.
It is in the south of Peloponnese peninsula.
During antiquity, it was extremely powerful.
Today, it is a small city.
16,726 people lived there according to the 2001 census.
It was also known as Lacedaemon.
The word Spartan is used to describe somebody who lives a simple life or somebody who suffered a lot without crying or showing that they suffered.
It can also mean a life of simplicity, without anything fancy or costly.
Sparta is in the mountainous region of Laconia.
This is in the south-east of the Peloponnese.
Ancient Sparta was built on the banks of the Evrotas River.
The river flows through a valley with mountains on each side.
To the west is the Taygetus Range (highest point 2407 m) and to the east is the Parnon Range (highest point 1935 m).
Because the ancient Spartans had such good natural defenses, they did not need city walls.
Ancient Sparta
In Ancient Greece, Sparta was a city-state with a very strong army and a government that was well led.
Sparta was known as one of the strongest city-states in Greece.
Only the strongest survived in Sparta, male or female.
The Spartans killed weak children.
If they believed that a baby was too weak, they left it out to die of exposure beside a slope on Mount Taygetus.
This place was called the Apothetae, which meant 'the place of rejection'.
Sparta had a government with checks and balances.
The executive branch was led by two kings.
The legislative branch was led by the citizens.
and the judicial branch was controlled by the elders.
There was also a committee of five men who were in charge of the education process that young boys and girls went through.
Boys and girls were taken from their parents at the age of 7.
Boys went to live in barracks with other boys their age.
Girls went to school to learn gymnastics, wrestling, and other activities, so they could become strong, healthy mothers for future soldiers.
Laconophilia
Laconophilia is love or liking of Sparta and of the Spartan culture.
Sparta was often admired when it ruled.
Long ago, "Many of the noblest and best of the Athenians always considered (thought) the Spartan state nearly as an ideal theory realised in practice".
Many Greek philosophers, especially Platonists, would often describe Sparta as a good state, strong, brave, and free.
Adolf Hitler thought Sparta was very good.
He said in 1928 that Germany should be like them by making smaller "the number allowed to live".
The Spartans had created "the first racialist state".
Young Spartans boys were taken from their homes at the age of seven to begin a military life.
The Spartans became soldiers at age 20, citizens at age 30, and retired at age 60.
Men trained hard to become warriors of the Spartan army.
Women were encouraged to keep healthy so that they could produce healthy, fit babies to grow up to be strong.
Spartans saw little moral value in the concept of childbirth; unless the child was fit to become a Spartan, he would die.
Spartan men married when they were 30 years old.
Plutarch writes of the strange custom of the Spartans for their wedding night:
The custom was to capture women for marriage...The...'bridesmaid' took charge of the captured girl.
She first shaved her head...then dressed her in a man's cloak and sandals, and laid her down alone on a mattress in the dark.
The bridegroom...first had dinner...then would slip in...lift her and carry her to the bed.
The husband kept on visiting his wife in secret for some time after the marriage.
Only Spartans did these customs.
Some people think that the cutting off of the wife's hair was a ceremony that showed she was going into a new life.
Sparta conquered the people of Messenia and Lakonia (the surrounding countryside) at around 680560 BC.
These people became known as the helots.
They were not slaves: they were serfs.
They had a lower position in society, like serfs in mediaeval Europe.
Helots spent their lives farming their Spartan masters kleros (land granted to Spartan citizens).
The Spartan poet Tyrtaios says helots were allowed to marry and keep half the fruits of their labor.
At most times, the helots outnumbered their Spartan masters 10 to 1.
They rebelled often, but they were never able to overthrow their oppressors.
Once a Spartan reached the age of 20, he or she would then become a homoios.
A homoios was a member of the ruling class (a citizen).
Both men and women were citizens.
Sparta was an unusual society for women's rights, because women were considered to be equal.
The Spartan army used the phalanx formation.
This contributed to the many battles Sparta won.
Their most famous loss is the Battle of Thermopylae where 300 Spartans held off a large Persian army for a week.
Ancient Greek cities
Olympia ( Olympía) was a place in ancient Greece.
It was in Elis, which is now called Ilia; and is in the east of the city Pyrgos.
It was the site of the Olympic Games in classical times, the most famous games in history.
The Olympic Games were held every four years throughout Classical Antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.
The first Olympic Games were in honour of Zeus.
Olympia was a sanctuary, consisting of various buildings.
These included a hippodrome, Palaestra, Gymnasium and several temples.
The Olympic Games began here in 776 BC.
They were founded by king Pelopas.
They happened every four years, in the summers.
All the ancient Greek towns competed.
The winners of the Olympic games were important people.
The Olympic games were abolished by emperor of Byzantium Theodosius I, in 394 AD.
During ancient history, Olympia was a powerful and rich town.
It ruled over the west of Peloponnese.
Olympia kept its strength and during Roman period.
During the Middle Ages it was an unimportant city.
The Gymnasium at Olympia was a large, open air, quadrangle surrounded on all four sides by colonnades of the Doric order.
Only the southern and eastern sides survive.
They date to the second century BC.
The River Kladeos has destroyed the western side.
The gymnasium was used by runners and pentathlon athletes for training.
Athletes trained in the nude.
In bad weather, training took place under the eastern colonnade (210.51 meters) and the other three colonnades.
Little of the gymnasium has been excavated.
About 200 BC, a portico of the Corinthian order was built to join the gymnasium and the palaestra.
Hippodrome
The Hippodrome was the site of horse and chariot races at Olympia, Greece.
It was 1,153 meters long.
It was south of the stadium, but none of it survives.
It was washed away by the Alpheios River.
Pyrgos is a city in Greece.
It is the capital of the Ilia prefecture on the Peloponnese peninsula.
Pyrgos is in the west of Peloponnese peninsula.
It is in the south of Patras and in the north of Kalamata.
It has 24,765 people.
Near Pyrgos is the ancient town of Olympia.
Thessaloniki is the second-largest city in Greece after Athens.
There were 325,182 people at the census of 2011.
Including the suburbs, there were 1,110,312 people.
It is in the region of Macedonia in northern Greece.
It is the capital of the Thessaloniki prefecture and it is the capital of the periphery of central Macedonia.
It is the largest city in the geographical region of Macedonia.
It has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification).
The average rainfall is relatively low, due to the rain shadow from the Pindos mountains.
Unlike in Athens, there are frequent frosts and snow every winter.
Thessaloniki was established by King Cassander of Macedon, friend of Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C. He named the city after the sister of Alexander the Great, princess Thessalonike, which in Greek means victory over Thessaly.
From late antiquity to the late Middle Ages (330AD-1430AD) it was the second most important city of Byzantine Empire.
Then Thessaloniki faced many invasions from enemies such as the Avaroi, Bulgars and others.
In the year 1204, the crusaders conquered Thessaloniki and created the Kingdom of Thessalonica.
Later it was liberated by Byzantines and then sold to the Republic of Venice but the year 1430, it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
Thessaloniki was a part of Ottoman Empire for approximately 500 years and in 1912 it became part of Greece when Greece acquired Macedonia following the Balkan Wars.
Many famous people have lived or were born here, such as the Roman statesman and philosopher Cicero, many saints like Cyril and Methodius, who invented the Cyrillic alphabet, and Saint Demetrius, who is the patron saint of the city, and many politicians, such as the founder of modern-day Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
Most of the city was completely destroyed in a large fire in 1917 and was rebuilt in the 1920s.
Thessaloniki was place to both the Salonica and Macedonian fronts during World War 1, this fronts were made of French, Serbian, English, Italian, and a Russian division.
This fronts were key in 1918 to the Entente victory over both Bulgaria and Austria.
It was later occupied by Nazi Germany during the Second World War, during the Greek Invasion.
Sights of Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki has many sights.
The most famous sight in Thessaloniki is the white tower.
The White tower was a part of Thessaloniki's ancient walls that were built many times through the ages.
Thessaloniki was the second-most well-fortified city in the Byzantine Empire, after Constantinople (Istanbul).
The walls can still be seen above the city today and despite the many earthquakes, they are still standing.
The city was home to a Roman imperial palace and mausoleum.
The palace ruins can be seen today but the mausoleum together with a Roman arch can be still seen standing today.
Very important sights of Thessaloniki are the medieval churches such as Agios Dimitrios, Agios Georgios and Agia Sofia.
Agios Dimitrios it the largest and oldest Basilica in Greece.
Thessaloniki's Christian monuments are part of the UNESCO World Heritage initiative.
The city also has many Ottoman monuments, such as the Bey Hammam and the old district of the city near the walls, with its distinctly Turkish architecture.
Many museums are in the city and some of them are: Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, Museum of the Macedonian Struggle, Jewish Museum, Ethnological Museum of Macedonia and others.
Thessaloniki is known throughout Greece and the countries nearby as a city with a great nightlife even in winter, when most famous Greek tourist destinations are closed.
It is also widely considered the Greek city of love due to its many romantic streets and alleys.
Florina is a city in Greece in the region of Macedonia.
It is the capital of the Florina prefecture.
Its population is 15,265 inhabitants.
Florina is build at the foot of Varnus mountain.
It is built at an altitude of 600 meter approximately.
Around Florina there are many forests.
Argolis is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
It is on the Peloponnese peninsula.
The capital of Argolis is the Nafplio.
Ilia is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Ilia is the Pyrgos.
Achaea is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Achaea is Patras.
Arcadia is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Arcadia is Tripoli.
Laconia is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Laconia is Sparta.
Pella is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Pella is the Edessa and the largest town is Giannitsa.
It is also the site of the ancient city of Pella, the capital of the kingdom of Macedon where Alexander the Great and Philip II of Macedon lived.
Attica is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
Attica contains Athens, the capital of Greece.
In ancient period was the area of ancient Athenian state.
Attica today is the prefecture with the largest number of people in Greece being the area where Athens, the capital of Greece, is.
There are about 3,500,000 people.
Attica is in the south of Greece.
It is a peninsula between Peloponnese and Euboea.
Its the southest point is the cape Sounion.
Attica has five mountains with an elevation over 1000 meters, Parnitha (the highest of all), Penteli, Hymettus, Pateras mountain and Kithairon.
Attica has borders with Boeotia prefecture  to the north and Corinthia prefecture to the west.
Attica is surrounded by the sea of Saronic gulf to the west and South Euboean golf to the east.
These seas are a part of Aegean sea.
Kastoria is a Greek city, and it is one of 51 prefectures of Greece in the region of Macedonia.
Kastoria it is built on the bank of Lake Orestiada.
There are 17,038 people living in the city.
Kastoria has an old neighbourhood which is picturesque, and it is named Doltso.
It has nice old houses with particular local architecture.
The name Kastoria means "place of the beavers" which used to live in the lake.
These have all been hunted and killed for their fur.
Kozani is a city in northern Greece.
It is the capital of Kozani Prefecture and of the region of Macedonia.
The population of the city is 38,591, according to 2001 census.
In district of Kozani products the main amount of electrical energy of Greece.
Magnesia is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Magnesia is the Volos.
Messinia is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Messinia is the Kalamata.
Chalkidiki, also known as Halkidiki or Chalcidice, is one of 51 prefectures of Greece in the region of Macedonia.
It is the area of the ending of Central Macedonia which accesses deeply in the Aegean Sea forming three small peninsulas.
The capital of Chalcidice is the Polygyros.
Official links
Euboea is an island of Greece.
It is also one of the 51 prefectures of Greece.
Euboea is the second largest island of Greece.
Its total area is 3,655 km2.
It is to the east of Boeotia and Attica prefectures.
The island is surrounded by the Aegean Sea.
The capital of Euboea and the biggest city on the island is Chalkida.
Islands of Greece
Grevena is a Greek city and it is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
Grevena is a small city which is in the west of Macedonia.
Its population is 12,037 inhabitants according to 2001 census.
It is built at a height of 500 meter approximately.
West of Grevena is the mountain range of Pindos with many forests and with a ski center which it is named Vasilitsa.
This ski center has a lot of snow throughout the winter.
Arta is a Greek city.
It is the capital of Arta Prefecture, one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
Its population is 24,725.
Arta is known because of Arta's bridge.
It is an old bridge on the Arachthos river.
Trikala is a Greek city and it is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
Trikala is in the center of Greece in the Thessaly periphery.
According to the 2001 census, 57,914 people lived there.
Trikala is built on a large plain.
This plain is one of the biggest plain in Greece.
In the west of Trikala is the Pindus range.
Trikala is crossed by Litheus river.
Lesbos, also called Lesvos, is an island in Greece.
It is in the northeastern Aegean Sea.
It is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Lesbos is the Mytilene.
According to Classical Greek mythology, Lesbos was the patron god of the island.
The word 'lesbian' comes from Lesbos.
Samos is a Greek island.
It is the eighth largest Greek island.
It is in the east of Aegean sea.
Opposite Samos is the west coasts of Turkey.
Samos is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The prefecture in addition includes the Ikaria island and Fournoi Island.
The capital of Samos is Samos City, commonly referred to by the locals as Vathi.
The area of the island is 478 km squared.
It is separated from Asia Minor, by the approximately 1 mile wide Mycale Strait.
While largely mountainous, Samos has several relatively large and fertile plains.
A great portion of the island is covered with vineyards, from which wine is made.
The island of Samos is a lush, very green island with forests and with many places to visit.
It is also the birthplace of the mathematician Pythagoras.
Today Samos is an island which attracts tourists from all over the world for the wonderful nature, the impressive mountainous and verdant landscape and the plethora of archaeological sites.
The most interest sight of Samos is the ancient aqueduct.
It was construct by the ancient Greek mechanic Eupalinos, so it is called "Eupalinio Orygma" in Greek.
It is a big tunnel which is  long.
It had been constructed to carry water in the town of ancient Samos.
Other important places is the ancient town which is in the south of island and the contemporary beautiful villages of Samos.
Evros is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Evros is Alexandroupoli.
Evritania is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Evritania is the Karpenisi.
Cyclades is an island group in Greece.
The group of Cyclades includes many islands.
The larger islands of the group is Naxos, Andros, Tinos, Mykonos, Paros, Milos, Thira (or Santorini), Syros, Amorgos, Ios, Kythnos, Kea, Sifnos, Serifos, Sikinos, Folegandros and Anafi.
The group, also includes many others small islands and islets.
Also Cyclades is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
The capital of Cyclades is the Ermoupolis in the island of Syros.
Serres is a Greek city.
It is also one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
There are 56,400 people in Serres.
Serres is built on the large plain.
It is in the north of Greece, in the region of Macedonia.
It is near the Strymonas river.
Serres Prefecture Official Website
Kilkis is a Greek town and it is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
Kilkis is built on the large plain.
It is an agricultural city.
It has 19,247 people.
Chania is a Greek city which is the capital of Chania prefecture.
It is in the west of Crete.
55,838 people live there.
Chania has an important port which connects Chania with the port of Piraeus.
Chania had an significant development from 13th century till 17th century.
Then it was under Venetian rule.
After the Venetians, ruled the Ottomans until 1912.
This year Crete was liberated and it is united with Greece.
Xanthi is a Greek city and its one of 51 prefectures of Greece.
Its population is 46,464 inhabitants.
It is located in the north-east of Greece, in the district of Thrace.
Many Muslims live in Xanthi.
So this city has an oriental color.
Batha was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The area is part of the Batha Region since 2002.
Prefectures of Chad
Biltine was one of fourteen prefectures, or areas, of Chad.
The capital of Biltine is Biltine.
In 1993, it had a population of 148,807 people and an area of 46,850 square kilometers of land.
Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti was Faya.
Faya-Largeau is the largest city in northern Chad.
9,867 people were living there in 1993.
It is the capital of Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture.
The town was first called Faya, then it was renamed Largeau after Chad became a colony of France in 1900.
When Chad won independence from France in 1960, the town changed its name to Faya-Largeau.
Cities in Chad
Chari-Baguirmi was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of was Ndjamena.
Guéra was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital city of Guéra was Mongo.
Kanem () was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of Kanem was Mao.
Lac is one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of Lac is the Bol.
Logone Occidental was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital city of Logone Occidental was Moundou.
Logone Oriental was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of Logone Oriental was Doba.
Mayo-Kébbi was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of Mayo-Kébbi was Bongor.
Moyen-Chari was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of Moyen-Chari was Sarh.
Ouaddaï was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of Ouaddaï was Abéché.
Salamat was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of Salamat was Am Timan.
Tandjilé was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.
The capital of Tandjilé was Laï.
Abéché is a city in Chad.
It is the capital city of the Ouaddaï prefecture.
Mongo is a city in Chad.
It is the capital city of the Guéra prefecture.
Howard was born in Duncan, Oklahoma.
His father is actor Rance Howard.
He started acting as a young child.
As an actor he was best known for his roles on television, as Opie Taylor on The Andy Griffith Show and Richie Cunningham on Happy Days.
He appeared in movies like The Music Man (1962) and American Graffiti (1973).
He later quit acting and became a director.
Some of the movies he has directed are: Splash (1984), Cocoon (1985), Willow (1988), Parenthood (1989), Apollo 13 (1995), How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), A Beautiful Mind (2001), and Cinderella Man (2005).
Recently, he returned to television and made the TV show Arrested Development.
Actors from Burbank, California
Playboy was a monthly American men's magazine.
It was founded by Hugh Hefner in Chicago, Illinois in 1953.
Marilyn Monroe was the magazine's first cover model.
The logo was created by Art Paul.
The magazine featured articles about men's interests including clothing, sports, consumer goods, men's health, politics, and public figures.
The magazine always showed large pictures of nude women, except for one year in 2016–2017.
In each issue, a provocatively posed "Playmate of the Month" was featured in a pictorial several pages in length at the center of the magazine with an accompanying "centerfold" photograph.
Unlike traditional pin up art, Playboy humanized their models by describing their real world jobs, accomplishments, and goals.
In 1963 Hefner was arrested for obscenity in Chicago after publishing nude photos of actress Jayne Mansfield on the set of Promises!
Promises!
He was acquitted at trial by a hung jury.
Starting with the March 2016 issue, the magazine no longer had pictures of nude women.
According to the company, "times change."
Times changed again in February 2017 when nudity returned.
In March 2020 the company announced that it would stop publishing the magazine on paper and only use digital copies instead.
Between 1970 and 1985 Playboy was also printed in braille.
It is also one of the few magazines whose microfilm format was in color, not black and white.
1953 establishments in the United States
American men's magazines
Magazines published in Chicago, Illinois
February 25 – George Reid, 4th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1918)
March 27 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physician and Nobel Prize Laureate
10 March - Alexander III of Russia , Czar of Russia and father of Czar Nicholas II .
Queen Margot by Alexandre Dumas, père
The city of Jimmy is founded.
Ibn Arabi
Events of 1817
January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the Andes from Argentina to free Chile and then Peru.
February 12 – The Argentine/Chilean patriotic army defeats the Spanish in the Battle of Chacabuco.
The Alabama Territory is created by splitting the Mississippi Territory in half, 9 months before Mississippi becomes a U.S. state.
President James Madison vetoes John C. Calhoun's Bonus Bill.
March 4 – James Monroe succeeds James Madison as the President of the United States of America.
April – Earthquake in Palermo, Italy
April 3 – Princess Caraboo appears in Almondsbury in Gloucestershire, England.
April 15 – The first American school for the deaf opens in Hartford, Connecticut.
April 17 – Martin Van Buren passes Erie Canal bill.
April 28 – Rush-Bagot Treaty is signed.
May – The General Convention of the Episcopal Church founded General Theological Seminary while meeting in New York City.
June 5 – First Great Lakes steamer, the Frontenac, is launched.
June 25 – Large prison riot in Copenhagen prison – army is sent for to quell it.
July 4 – At Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.
August 22 – City of Araraquara, Brazil founded.
August 23 – Earthquake near the site of the ancient Greek city of Helike results in 65 deaths.
October – President and Mrs. James Monroe move back into the White House, after restoration repairs.
October 31 – Emperor Ninkō accedes to the throne of Japan.
November 20 – The first Seminole War begins in Florida.
November 22 – Fredric Cailliaud discovers the old Roman emerald mines at Sikait, Egypt.
December 10 – Mississippi is admitted as the 20th U.S. state, separated from the Alabama Territory.
Elgin Marbles are displayed in the British Museum.
John Kidd extracts naphthalene from coal tar.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge publishes Biographia Literaria.
A Typhus epidemic occurs in Edinburgh and Glasgow.
Outbreak of the Pernambucan Revolt.
January 6 – J. J. McCarthy, Irish architect (d. 1882)
January 8 – Sir Theophilus Shepstone, British-born South African statesman (d. 1893)
February 19 – King William III of the Netherlands (d. 1890)
February 22 – Carl Wilhelm Borchardt, German mathematician (d. 1880)
March 6 – Clémentine of Orléans, daughter of King Louis-Philippe of France and mother of Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (d. 1907)
March 22 – Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (d. 1876)
May 15 – Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (d. 1905)
June 30 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (d. 1911)
July 12 – Henry David Thoreau, American philosopher (d. 1862)
July 24 – Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1905)
August 3 – Archduke Albert, Austrian general (d. 1895)
August 14 – Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (d. 1874)
August 24 – Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1875)
October 17 – Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Bahadur Founder of the Two Nation Theory for a future Pakistan (d. 1898)
November 3 – Leonard Jerome, American entrepreneur and grandfather of Sir Winston Churchill (d. 1891)
November 12 – Bahá'u'lláh, Persian founder of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1892)
November 17 – Benjamin Champney, American painter (d. 1907)
November 30 – Theodor Mommsen, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1903)
January 12 – Juan Andres, Spanish Jesuit (b. 1740)
January 16 – Alexander J. Dallas, American statesman and financier (b. 1759)
April 4 – André Masséna, French marshal (b. 1758)
April 12 – Charles Messier, French astronomer (b. 1730)
June 24 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1734)
July 14 – Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, French writer (b. 1766)
July 18 – Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775)
July 19 – John Palmer, Bath architect (b. c. 1738)
October 16 – Manuel Piar, Venezuelan military leader (b. 1774)
November 14 – Policarpa Salavarrieta, Colombian spy and revolutionary who worked for the Independence of Colombia (b. 1795)
November 30 – Jean-Baptiste-Melchior Hertel de Rouville, Canadian politician (b. 1748)
December 7 – William Bligh, Captain of the Bounty, Governor of New South Wales (b. 1754)
He worked as a writer on Fridays and Saturday Night Live.
He co-created the television series Seinfeld.
He also created and stars in his own series called Curb Your Enthusiasm.
On the series, he appears as a caricature of himself.
Writers from Brooklyn
Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam is a United States Navy and United States Air Force base in the U.S. state of Hawaii, on the south lagoon shore of Oahu.
The navy base was started in 1899 and merged with the air force base in 2010.
It is 8 miles (15 km) west of downtown Honolulu.
The Japanese  bombed Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941, which was a surprise.
The attack led to America's fighting in World War II.
The reason the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor was to destroy the U.S. Navy (Seventh Fleet), and prevent the U.S from stopping the Japanese expansion in Asia.
WW2DB: Attack on Pearl Harbor
1899 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Hawaii
RPG may refer to:
In the military, RPG means a rocket-propelled grenade, a weapon that launches explosive warheads.
In entertainment, RPG means role-playing game, a game where the player plays the role of one or several characters.
Disambiguation pages
Amsterdam is the capital and largest city in the European country of the Netherlands.
Amsterdam is famous for its canals and dikes.
Unlike in capitals of most other countries, the national government, parliament, government ministries, supreme court, royal family and embassies are not in Amsterdam, but in The Hague.
The only diplomatic offices present in Amsterdam are consulates.
About 873,000 people were living in Amsterdam in 2021.
The city hosts two universities (the University of Amsterdam and the Free University Amsterdam) and an international airport "Schiphol Airport".
About 2.2 million people live in the metropolitan area.
The city of Amsterdam is the world's most multi-cultural city.
It has people living there from 175 different countries.
Like other big cities in the Netherlands and elsewhere in the world, Amsterdam is unfortunately subjected to many criminal activities.
A dam was built in 13th century in the river Amstel (that's why the city is called Amsterdam).
The old harbor of the city, Damrak, is now one of the busiest streets in the city.
The city was for the first time mentioned in 1275 by count Floris V, count of Holland and Zeeland who gave the people of Amsterdam some more freedom.
The city got its city rights probably in 1306; at least soon after the year 1300.
The city became a major trading port pretty soon, with a successful trading route to the Baltic Sea.
The city grew fast in the 15th century.
Because the city basically lies in swamp, the builders of the city had to dig canals to use the digging-ground for getting the living-ground higher.
Homes were built on wooden poles, and the canals served as a pretty effective primitive sewer.
The city was one of the first cities in Western Europe to be fairly democratic: Wealthy citizens chose the leaders of the city.
Amsterdam declared war on the Spanish in 1578, during the Eighty Years' War.
When the city of Antwerp fell to the Spanish in 1585, many people of Antwerp fled to Amsterdam.
Antwerp was also a major trading city, and when its people moved to Amsterdam, they took their trading-networks with them.
That's why Amsterdam became an even more important trading city after that.
This launched the Dutch Golden Age.
The number of people living in Amsterdam during the War rose from less than 30,000 in 1570 to over 100,000 in 1622.
That number would even rise to 200,000 near the end of the 17th century, making the city a very large city for its time (only London and Paris also had that many people).
In the 18th century, the number of people living in Amsterdam fell back to 140,000, ending the Golden Age.
The 19th century was the time for the first trains and trams in Amsterdam.
The first train ran from Amsterdam to Haarlem in 1839.
The number of people was rising, with about 250,000 living in Amsterdam in 1850, and more than 500,000 in 1900.
Amsterdam was a heavy industrialised city by then.
Before the Second World War, there were about 140,000 Jews living in Amsterdam.
Most of those people did not survive the war.
After the war, Amsterdam became a centre of tolerance and culture; to be different is not abnormal in Amsterdam.
It is expected that Amsterdam will grow 12.6% until 2025.
It will then hold almost 900,000 people, and the metropolitan area will hold almost 2.5 million people by then.
Noord
Nieuw-West
Zuid
Oost
Zuidoost
Westpoort
Settlements in North Holland
Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay (), is a small country in South America.
It is landlocked, meaning that it does not touch the ocean.
It is bordered to the North and East by Brazil, the West by Bolivia, and the South and Southeast by Argentina.
The main languages are Spanish and Guaraní.
Paraguay's population is about 6 million.
The ethnic makeup of the population is like the following: Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian) 80%, European 20%, unmixed Amerindian 1-3%, Asian 1-4%.
Paraguay has two official languages, Spanish and Guarani.
Guaraní is recognized as a national language.
The capital city is Asuncion.