the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Cat Returns,2002
Tales from Earthsea, 2006
Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea, 2008
The Secret World of Arrietty, 2010
From Up on Poppy Hill, 2011
The Tale of Princess Kaguya, 2013
When Marnie Was There, 2014
GHIBLI MUSEUM,MITAKA
1985 establishments in Japan
Typically, the Domain Name System is used to determine what IP address is associated with a given domain name.
So, to "reverse-resolve" a known IP address to determine the hostname is simply the process of searching what host and domain name belongs to that IP address.
RFC 1033 in the "INSTRUCTIONS" section, and later, RFC 1912 Section 2.1 states "Every Internet-reachable host should have a name" and "Make sure your PTR and A records match".
Polis means a city, a city-state and also citizenship and body of citizens.
In context with Ancient Greece polis means nearly always "city-state."
The word originates from the ancient Greek city-states, which developed during the  period and existed well into Roman times, when the equivalent Latin word was civitas, that means 'citizenhood' as well.
An ancient polis often centered around a citadel, called the acropolis.
Nearly always it had an agora (market) and typically one or more temples and a gymnasium.
Many citizens of a polis did not live in the central city but in the suburbs or countryside.
The Greeks regarded the polis as a religious and political association: while the polis would control territory and colonies beyond the city itself, the polis would not simply consist of a geographical area.
Words coming from "polis"
Modern European languages have many words that come from polis.
In English there are policy, polity, police and politics.
In Greek, words coming from polis include politēs and politismos.
A number of words end in the word "-polis".
Most refer to a special kind of city and/or state.
Megalopolis, made by adding Greek word for "big" and meaning a conurbation built by merging several cities and their suburbs.
Metropolis, made by adding the Greek word for "mother" and meaning the mother city of a colony, the see of a metropolitan archbishop, or a Metropolitan area.
Acropolis, 'high city' — upper part of a polis, often citadel and/or site of major temple(s).
Tripolis, a group of three cities, retained in the names of a Tripoli in Libya and a namesake in Lebanon
Other cities
The names of several other towns and cities in Europe and the Middle East have contained the suffix "-polis" since antiquity; or currently feature modernized spellings, such as "-pol".
Some of the examples are:
Heliopolis, Egypt
Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine
The names of other cities were also given the suffix "-polis" after antiquity, either referring to ancient names or simply unrelated:
Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
Illiopolis, Illinois, United States of America
Metropolis, Illinois, United States of America
Demopolis, Alabama, United States of America
Hansen, Mogens Herman.
Polis: An Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006 (hardcover, ; paperback, ).
is a Japanese work that a person creates alone or with people who also share their interests.
A group of people who work together to create doujinshi are called a .
Some circles have only one artist working by themselves: they are sometimes called .
These works can be books, manga, art, or other things.
Doujinshi are often created by amateurs, but, some professional artists also make doujinshi.
The word "doujinshi" comes from  and .
Shi is a contraction of the full word zasshi.
Zasshi means magazine.
Doujinshi are part of a larger category of dōjin.
This category includes art collections, anime, hentai, and games.
TheAkiba DoujinART Gallery : A gallery sharing Anime Artwork and Doujinshi scans.
Passion: A popular doujinshi fanlisting site
Doujinshi DB: A large database of dōjinshi artists, circles, and books
Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook on April 24, 1954) is an American activist.
He was convicted and sentenced to death for the 1981 murder of police officer Daniel Faulkner in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (U.S.).
Before his arrest he was a Black Panther Party activist, taxi driver, and journalist and still continued his efforts in prison.
Since the time when he was found guilty, his case has received attention around the world, and he has become a controversial cultural icon.
Supporters and opponents disagree on whether it is right for him to receive the death penalty, if he is guilty, or if he received a fair trial.
During his imprisonment he has published several books and other commentaries, notably Live from Death Row.
As of 2008, his legal appeals are still unsettled, and he is a prisoner at State Correctional Institution Greene near Waynesburg, Pennsylvania.
American people convicted of murder
American prisoners sentenced to death
Overkill is a thrash metal band from New Jersey.
They formed in 1984 and have played since then.
Feel the Fire (1985)
Taking Over (1987)
Under The Influence (1988)
The Years of Decay (1989)
Horrorscope (1991)
I Hear Black (1993)
W.F.O. (1994)
The Killing Kind (1996)
and Then Some (1996)
From the Underground and Below (1997)
Necroshine (1999)
Bloodletting (2000)
Killbox 13 (2003)
ReliXIV (2005)
Immortalis (2007)
Ironbound (2010)
The Electric Age (2012)
Official OVERKILL Site
BORN IN THE BASEMENT- Thrash Metal/ Overkill History
Overkill artwork archive from Rat Skates
For law enforcement see Police
The Police were a rock band from England who played a style of rock that was influenced by jazz, punk and reggae music.
As of 2008, The Police are one of the most successful bands in the world having sold over 40,000,000 records worldwide.
The Police, along with The Clash, are notable for using reggae as a major part of their musical form.
Rolling Stone ranked The Police number 70 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
The Police formed with Stewart Copeland in late 1976 as drummer, Sting as the singer-bassist and Henry Padovani as the guitarist.
In early 1977 they recorded their first single, "Fall Out"/"Nothing Achieving,".
Outlandos d'Amour - November, 1978 - UK #6; US #23 - US sales: Platinum
Reggatta de Blanc - October, 1979 - UK #1; US #25 - US sales: Platinum
Zenyattà Mondatta - October, 1980 - UK #1; US #5 - US sales: 2x Platinum
Ghost in the Machine - October, 1981 - UK #1; US #2 - US sales: 3x Platinum
Synchronicity - June, 1983 - UK #1; US #1 - US sales: 8x Platinum
Live! - (
1995) US sales: Platinum
The Police: Certifiable - (November 11, 2008) - Live CD of 2007/08 Reunion Tour recorded in Buenos Aires, Argentina (packaged with DVD or Blu-ray, Also a Best Buy Exclusive.)
1982 – Best British Group
1985 – Outstanding Contribution To Music
1980 – Best Rock Instrumental Performance for "Reggatta de Blanc"
1981 – Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "Don't Stand So Close to Me"
1981 – Best Rock Instrumental Performance for "Behind My Camel"
1983 – Song of the Year for "Every Breath You Take" (awarded to Sting)
1983 – Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "Every Breath You Take"
1983 – Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for Synchronicity
The Police - official website
UnRated Magazine Review of The Police - Everyone Stares: The Police Inside Out
http://www.jambase.com/ - Stewart Copeland Interview
2008 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Damageplan was a heavy metal band from Dallas, Texas.
They started playing in 2003 after Pantera's guitarist and drummer decided to start a new band.
They only released one album, called New Found Power.
On December 8, 2004, the guitarist Dimebag Darrell was shot and killed by an obsessed fan named Nathan Gale during a concert.
After the incident, the band broke up.
Down is a heavy metal band from New Orleans, Louisiana.
They started playing in 1991 and the band consisted of members of several bands.
In cryptography, Triple DES is a block cipher created from the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher by using it three times.
Triple DES is also known as TDES or, more standard, TDEA (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ).
When it was discovered that a 56-bit key of DES is not enough to protect from brute force attacks, TDES was chosen as a simple way to enlarge the key space without a need to switch to a new algorithm.
The use of three steps is essential to prevent meet-in-the-middle attacks that are effective against double DES encryption.
In general TDES with three different keys (3-key {k1, k2, k3} TDES) has a key length of 168 bits: three 56-bit DES keys (with parity bits 3-key TDES has the total storage length of 192 bits), but due to the meet-in-the-middle attack the effective security it provides is only 112 bits.
Another version, called two-key TDES (2-key TDES), uses k1 = k3, thus reducing the key size to 112 bits and the storage length to 128 bits.
However, this mode can be taken advantage of through certain chosen-plaintext or known-plaintext attacks  and so TDES is treated by NIST to have only 80 bits of security.
By design, DES and therefore TDES, suffer from slow performance in software.
TDES is better suited to hardware implementations, which are many of the places it is still used.
TDES is slowly disappearing from use, largely replaced by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
One large-scale exception is within the electronic payments industry, which still uses 2TDES extensively and continues to develop and spread standards based upon it (e.g. EMV, the standard for inter-operation of IC cards; also called "Chip cards",  and IC capable POS terminals and ATM's).
This guarantees that TDES will remain an active cryptographic standard well into the future.
Breakout is the second studio album by singer Miley Cyrus.
The album was released July 22, 2008.
Singles from the album include "Full Circle", "Fly On The Wall", "7 Things", "Wake Up America", and "Breakout'.
Cyrus performed a free concert at Bryant Park on July 18, as a part of Good Morning America'''s summer concert series.
Cyrus also guest hosted TRL on two consecutive days, appeared on Today'', and performed as a part of their summer concert series, shutting down 84th street for the first time because of the number of fans who attended.
"See You Again" song
"See You Again (Rock Mafia Remix)" is the second single from the album, it was released on August 11, 2008, only in the United Kingdom as a promotional single.
This song peaked at #11 in the UK Singles Chart, making her first Top 20 in that region.
"Breakout" – 3:26
"7 Things" – 3:33
"The Driveway" – 3:43
"Girls Just Want to Have Fun" – 3:06
"Full Circle" – 3:14
"Fly on the Wall" – 2:31
"Bottom of the Ocean" – 3:15
"Wake Up America" – 2:46
"These Four Walls" – 3:28
"Simple Song" – 3:32
"Goodbye" – 3:53
"See You Again (Rock Mafia Remix)" – 3:16
Remix: "See You Again"
Miley Cyrus albums
See You Again (Miley Cyrus song)
"7 Things" is a single released June 2008 off the album Breakout by Miley Cyrus.
The music video for "7 Things" was released May 30, 2008.
Miley Cyrus songs
"Girls Just Wanna Have Fun" is a song by Cyndi Lauper.
It was the first single by Lauper.
The single reached number one in over ten countries.
It received a Grammy Award nomination for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.
Cap'n Lou Albano was in the music video for the song.
The song was covered by Miley Cyrus.
The Miley Cyrus version is off her album Breakout.
It has been covered on either an album or in live concert by over 30 other artists.
1983 songs
In cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is a symmetric-key, block cipher algorithm that was selected by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
It was selected for encrypting data.
It is commonly used around the world.
The Advanced Encryption Standard has replaced the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
As of 2008, AES is one of the most popular algorithms used in symmetric key cryptography.
It is available to programmers and the general public with various software packages.
In 1998, fifteen algorithms were selected for the first round in the First AES Conference.
After asking for comments, the NIST held the Second AES Conference where the top five algorithms were MARS, RC6, Rijndael, Serpent, and Twofish.
By 2000 and the end of the Third AES Conference, the NIST selected Rijndael for the AES proposal.
For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.
AES has a fixed block sizes of 128 bits and three values of key size 128, 192, or 256 bits.
"The design and strength of all key lengths of the AES algorithm (i.e., 128, 192 and 256) are sufficient to protect classified information up to the SECRET level.
TOP SECRET information will require use of either the 192 or 256 key lengths.
The implementation of AES in products intended to protect national security systems and/or information must be reviewed and certified by NSA prior to their acquisition and use."
FIPS PUB 197: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
ISO/IEC 18033-3: Block ciphers
Triple DES (TDES)
Shōnen is a type of manga or anime meant for young teen boys usually between the ages of about 12 and 18.
It often refers to manga.
Examples include Dragon Ball, Bleach, One Piece, InuYasha, Naruto, YuYu Hakusho, Yu-Gi-Oh!,
and  Fairy Tail
Shounen is usually noticed by its high amounts of fighting.
It often has humorous plots with male characters.
It often has themes of friendship.
Fighting teams and similar groups are often shown.
Attractive  female characters are also common, but not always present.
The art style of shounen is usually less pretty than shōjo.
Beyond shōnen manga, manga for men (age 18+) is called seinen manga.
Very few seinen manga have been published outside of Japan.
In Japan, many older men read shounen magazines.
Because of this, in Japan, shounen manga magazines are the most popular manga magazines.
Tokyo Ghoul. ...
The Girls of Shonen Manga  by Shaenon K. Garrity
Shounen(media)
The Amazing Race is a reality television/game show.
It is broadcast on CBS.
In The Amazing Race, 11 or 12 teams of two people race around the world for $1,000,000, with information provided by "clues", or Route Info.
There are certain "legs" of the race, culminated by "Pit Stops".
At Pit Stops, teams check in for a mandatory 12 hour rest period, although sometimes the period can be 24 hours, 36 hours, or even once 60.
Usually, the first team to arrive at a Pit Stop will receive a prize, such as a trip to a Caribbean country.
On most of the Pit Stops on the race, the last team to arrive is eliminated from the race.
However, two or three of those points are non-elimination.
In Seasons 1-4, there was no penalty for coming in last in a non-elimination.
From Seasons 5-9, teams had to give up all of their money and start the next leg without money.
Even stricter, in Seasons 7-9, teams had to turn over all of their luggage.
In Seasons 10 and 11, teams would start the next leg "Marked for Elimination".
That meant that if they did not come in first at the next Pit Stop, they would have to wait out a 30-minute penalty.
Starting from Season 12, teams coming in last on Non-Eliminations have to do a Speed Bump.
A Speed Bump is a task that no other teams have to do.
The Amazing Race has several different tasks that teams must complete.
A Detour is a choice between two tasks.
The team can choose which one it wants to complete.
Teams are allowed to switch between Detour choices, but there is a harsh 6-hour penalty if you quit a Detour.
Roadbock
A Roadbock is a task where only one member of the team can perform.
Teams cannot switch the member performing the task.
There is a 4-hour penalty if teams quit.
The Amazing Race was created by Bertram van Munster and Elise Doganieri in 2001.
It has been airing from 2001 to present.
The Amazing Race is seen as hard to produce.
Producers need to find places, come up with tasks and pick teams.
Cameramen have to keep up with the teams, and people are not allowed to give away the results.
However, The Amazing Race has won 6 Emmy awards.
Besides the original American version, The Amazing Race has generated several versions from around the world.
Australia (with New Zealand included in 2014 Season)
Central Europe (cancelled)
Until the COVID-19 recession, the financial crisis of 2007-2008 is considered the worst financial crisis during the 21st century.
In September 2008 many large financial firms in the United States collapsed, merged, or went under conservatorship (a person is assigned to manage a company when it cannot manage itself).
The factors that led to the crisis were reported in business journals many months before September 2008.
There are many reasons why the crisis happened.
Most economists believe that it started in the United States.
From 1997 until 2006, people bought expensive houses, even though they did not have enough money for it.
Since the money had come from other countries, it was easy to have good credit.
People used this credit for expensive loans, causing the price of homes to rise.
This created an economic bubble.
Because they had a lot of money, the loaning companies made it easier to get a loan, even if the borrower didn't have a good credit history.
These loans are known as subprime loans.
During this time, many home owners refinanced their homes.
This caused their mortgage to change, giving them lower interest.
After they refinanced, homeowners could take out another mortgage, for spending money.
The loaning companies changed their loans so that they would have low interest at first and then increase later.
This is known as an adjustable-rate mortgage.
The companies often used these to convince more people to take loans.
Many people with subprime loans also took these adjustable-rate mortgages, hoping that the good price of housing would help them refinance later.
While the housing prices were still high, many American and European companies, including banks, invested in subprime loans.
These investments gave more money to the loaning companies, who used it to give out more subprime loans.
These investments would make a lot of money as long as the price of housing was high.
However, the housing companies built too many houses.
This caused the price of housing to decrease beginning in the summer of 2006.
The value of many homes dropped below the value of the remaining mortgage debt, so the owners were unable to sell and move away.
This is called negative equity.
About 8.8 million homeowners in the U.S. had zero or negative equity by March 2008.
This caused the number of foreclosures on homes to increase, meaning that many people lost their homes.
During 2007, almost 1.3 million U.S. homes began foreclosure proceedings.
The number of houses for sale continued to increase, which made the prices decrease.
The homeowners with subprime loans left their houses with less value than they had when they were bought, which meant that the loans were worth more money than the house.
The loaning companies were not able to make money from these houses.
The collapse of the housing bubble caused the value of investments to fall.
The companies that had invested in subprime loans lost a total of about $512 billion.
Citigroup and Merrill Lynch were two companies that lost the most money.
More than half of the money lost, $260 billion, was lost by American firms.
Stern on Finance - Understanding the Financial Crisis (follow link to research blog run by Stern faculty members)
How This Bear Market Compares Multimedia The New York Times
RGE Monitor
Commercial Paper Rates and Outstanding (Federal Reserve Bank)
A detritivore (also known as decomposers) is an animal that feeds on dead organisms (living things) and breaks them down into smaller molecules.
Detritivores are essential in the ecosystem as they return important materials such as carbon (see carbon cycle) back into the environment.
Examples of common detritivores include earthworms and woodlice, but also includes microscopic (things that can only be seen using a microscope) bacteria.
Skid Row is a Hard rock band from Toms River, New Jersey.
They were active from 1986 to 1996, then reunited in 1999.
Skid Row's Official website
The carbon cycle is the way carbon is stored and replaced on Earth.
Some of the main events take hundreds of millions of years, others happen annually.
The main ways that carbon gets into the carbon cycle are volcanoes, and the burning of fossil fuels like coal and gas.
Through most of history, volcanoes were the biggest source of carbon to the carbon cycle, but in the last hundred years, people burning fossil fuels have been adding about a hundred times more CO2 to the air than volcanoes.
That is, for every ton of CO2 added to the air by volcanoes, about 100 tons of CO2 have been added to the air by people.
The main way carbon gets taken out of the atmosphere is by photosynthesis by living organisms.
Some of this gets released as they die and decompose, but a proportion gets buried in sediment.
This is shown in the diagram.
Sediment turns to rock, and it is the carbonate rocks like limestone which contain the now-solid CO2.
Some of the carbon from plants also becomes part of the soil, where it can stay for a long time before decomposing.
Another process takes CO2 out of the air.
Weathering by rain washes out CO2 in the form of dilute carbonic acid.
This reacts with rock, helping to dissolve and destroy it.
This also ends up as sediment.
"Weathering is a large consumer of the atmospheric carbon dioxide essential for dissolving rocks".
Some CO2 is also dissolved in the ocean.
Right now, the oceans are taking in more CO2 than they are releasing, every year.
However, this is making the oceans more acidic.
The store of carbon in sedimentary rock is far greater than the CO2 in the atmosphere (this is not shown in the diagram).
Eventually it returns to the air as oceanic plates subduct in plate tectonics.
At the margins of plate boundaries (and some other places) volcanoes form and spew out CO2.
This completes the cycle.
The carbon cycle is a process where carbon is recycled through the ecosystem.
The concentration of carbon in living matter (18%) is almost 100 times greater than its concentration in the earth (0.19%).
So living things extract carbon from their nonliving environment.
For life to continue, this carbon must be recycled.
See the diagram for a detailed look at the carbon cycle.
An example of a route carbon takes in this cycle is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants and used in photosynthesis to produce sugars which the plant uses for energy.
When the plant dies, it decomposes and the carbon stored in the plant will, over millions of years, form into coal (a fossil fuel).
The coal is burnt and gives off carbon dioxide which goes into the atmosphere.
At the moment, the carbon cycle, and how human activity is affecting it, is a big topic in international news.
Fossil fuels are a non-renewable resource which means that they cannot be replaced easily.
Our use of fossil fuels has nearly doubled every 20 years since 1900.
This release of carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect and acid rain.
water cycle
nitrogen cycle
Skepticism or scepticism (Greek skeptomai: to consider, to examine) refers to any view involving doubt.
An attitude of doubt about whether something exists.
A doubt about whether something can be known for certain.
A doubt about whether we are correct in arguing a certain way.
A practical method of suspended judgment, systematic doubt or criticism.
The roots of skepticism
Skepticism on philosophy has its roots in ancient Greek philosophy.
The Greek Sophists of the 5th century BC, such as Protagoras of Abdera (480–411 BC), were mostly skeptics.
Gorgias (485–380 BC) said, "Nothing exists; if anything does exist, it cannot be known; if anything exists and can be known, it cannot be communicated".
In the 4th century BC Pyrrho of Elis (c360–275 BC), who travelled and studied as far as India, adopted practical skepticism.
Carneades (c213–129 BC) disagreed that things were completely true or false.
He criticized the Dogmatists, especially Stoics.
He said that completely certain knowledge is impossible.
Sextus Empiricus (c200 AD), the main authority for Greek skepticism, brought together empiricism into the basis for stating knowledge.
Skepticism comes from Asian philosophy, too.
The Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi (c369–c286 BC) said that what seems real could be just a dream.
In Indian philosophy, the Cārvāka school thought that we should neither try to infer knowledge nor trust what other people tell us.
In Buddhism, Nāgārjuna said that nothing exists by itself, and that this idea is an important part of enlightenment.
The most important part of the argument is that unless we know something for certain, then we cannot know anything.
The interest lies in the way great philosophers have tried to solve this problem.
Some, like Descartes, retreat into the mind: "I think, therefore I am."
Others, such as the British empiricists John Locke and David Hume, would rely on our sense perception.
Certain kinds of knowledge may be especially vulnerable to skepticism.
For example, an agnostic believes people cannot get knowledge about supernatural things.
Skepticism is widely used as a method for research in science, and (with changes) in modern legal procedure.
Here doubt, suspending judgement, careful investigation, testing and discussion come before any statement of facts.
Sometimes the process takes years before consensus is reached.
This systematic approach is called methodological skepticism.
It is probably the most important legacy of the skeptics.
Klein P. 2002. “
Skepticism” in The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology.
P. Moser (ed) Oxford University Press.
pp336–361
Literary skeptics
Ambrose Bierce: The Devil's Dictionary
Ignacy Krasicki: Fables and Parables
Bolesław Prus: Pharaoh
Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
The Skeptics Society
James Randi Educational Foundation
Rationalist International
The New England Skeptical Society
Australian Skeptics
Penn & Teller: Bullshit!
New York City Skeptics
Skeptics Canada
Sceptics in Russia (Manifesto)
The Skeptic Friends Network
British Skeptic magazine
Skeptical about skeptics
The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration.
A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789.
When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving.
The Secretary of War led the War Department.
At first, he was responsible for all military affairs.
In 1798, the Secretary of the Navy was added to the cabinet, and the scope of this office was reduced to a general concern with the Army.
In 1947, the departments were recombined under the Secretary of Defense.
The Secretary of War was replaced by the Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force, non-Cabinet positions under the Secretary of Defense.
Secretaries of War
The United States Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is the civilian head of the Department of the Navy.
The position was a member of the President's Cabinet until 1947, when the Navy, Army, and newly created Air Force were placed in the Department of Defense and the Secretary of the Navy was placed under the Secretary of Defense.
Secretaries of the Navy
Secretaries of the Navy (Department of Defense)
The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service.
The office, in one form or another, is older than both the United States Constitution and the United States Declaration of Independence.
Benjamin Franklin was appointed by the Continental Congress as the first Postmaster General, serving slightly longer than 15 months.
In 1971, the United States Post Office Department was re-organized into the United States Postal Service, a special agency independent of the executive branch.
Thus, the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in line to be President.
Postmasters General under the Continental Congress
Postmasters General under the U.S. Constitution, 1789–1971
Cabinet-level Postmasters General
Postmasters general of the U.S. Postal Service, 1971–present
The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President.
The CoS does things previously done by the President's private secretary.
Ron Klain became White House Chief of Staff in January 2021.
List of White House Chiefs of Staff
|-style="text-align:center;"
|colspan=8|VacantApril 30, 1973 – May 4, 1973 ()
|colspan=8|VacantJanuary 20, 1977 – July 18, 1979 ()
Edmund Jenings Randolph (August 10, 1753– September 12, 1813) was an American attorney, Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General.
Lawyers from Virginia
John Roy Steelman (June 23, 1900 - July 14, 1999) was the first Assistant to the President of the United States serving President Harry S. Truman from 1946 to 1953.
Lannion is a commune.
It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.
Günzburg, Germany
Viveiro, Spain
Caerphilly, United Kingdom
Communes in Côtes-d'Armor
He served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagan's first administration and in the final year of the administration of President George H. W. Bush.
Baker also served as Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 in the second Reagan administration, and Secretary of State in the George H. W. Bush administration.
The National Library of China is one of the world's largest libraries found in Beijing, China.
It has a large collection of ancient Chinese documents and books, as well as contemporary literature.
National libraries in Asia
Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), more commonly known as Ronaldinho, is a retired Brazilian footballer.
He last played for Brasileiro Série A club Fluminense and also for the Brazil national team.
He was known for his dribbling, passing, flair, skills, and during his time playing for Barcelona.
He is F.C. Barcelona's current club ambassador since September 2016.
Total||97||33
Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first.
South American footballers
Les Ferdinand is a former football player.
|1986-87||rowspan="2"|Queens Park Rangers||rowspan="2"|First Division||2||0
|1987-88||1||0
|1987-88||Brentford||Third Division||3||0
|1988-89||Beşiktaş||Süper Lig||24||14
|1989-90||rowspan="6"|Queens Park Rangers||rowspan="3"|First Division||9||2
|1990-91||18||8
|1991-92||23||10
|1992-93||rowspan="3"|Premier League||37||20
|1993-94||36||16
|1994-95||37||24
|1995-96||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||37||25
|1996-97||31||16
|1997-98||rowspan="6"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="6"|Premier League||21||5
|1998-99||24||5
|1999-00||9||2
|2000-01||28||10
|2001-02||25||9
|2002-03||11||2
|2002-03||West Ham United||Premier League||14||2
|2003-04||Leicester City||Premier League||29||12
|2004-05||Bolton Wanderers||Premier League||12||1
|2004-05||Reading||League Championship||12||1
|2005-06||Watford||League Championship||0||0
|1993||6||3
Chris Sutton (born 10 March 1973) is an English former footballer.
|1990–91||rowspan="4"|Norwich City||rowspan="2"|First Division||2||0
|1991–92||21||2
|1992–93||rowspan="2"|Premier League||38||8
|1993–94||41||25
|1994–95||rowspan="5"|Blackburn Rovers||rowspan="5"|Premier League||40||15
|1995–96||13||0
|1996–97||25||11
|1997–98||35||18
|1998–99||17||3
|1999–00||Chelsea||Premier League||28||1
|2000–01||rowspan="6"|Celtic||rowspan="6"|Premier League||24||11
|2001–02||18||4
|2002–03||28||15
|2003–04||25||1
|2004–05||27||12
|2005–06||8||3
|2005–06||Birmingham City||Premier League||10||1
|2006–07||Aston Villa||Premier League||8||1
Teddy Sheringham (born 2 April 1966) is an English professional footballer turned manager.
He is best known as an association football player.
|1983/84||rowspan="2"|Millwall||rowspan="2"|Third Division||7||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||1
|1984/85||0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|1984/85||Aldershot||Fourth Division||5||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|1985||Djurgården||Division 1||21||13||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||13
|1985/86||rowspan="6"|Millwall||rowspan="3"|Second Division||18||4||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||4
|1986/87||42||13||3||0||3||2||colspan="2"|-||48||15
|1987/88||43||22||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||48||22
|1988/89||rowspan="2"|First Division||33||11||2||1||3||3||colspan="2"|-||38||15
|1989/90||31||9||3||2||3||1||colspan="2"|-||37||12
|1990/91||Second Division||46||33||3||2||3||2||colspan="2"|-||52||37
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Nottingham Forest||First Division||39||13||4||2||10||5||colspan="2"|-||53||20
|1992/93||Premier League||3||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|1992/93||rowspan="5"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="5"|Premier League||38||21||5||4||4||3||colspan="2"|-||47||28
|1993/94||19||13||0||0||2||2||colspan="2"|-||21||15
|1994/95||42||18||6||4||2||1||colspan="2"|-||50||23
|1995/96||38||16||6||5||3||3||colspan="2"|-||47||24
|1996/97||29||7||0||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||32||8
|1997/98||rowspan="4"|Manchester United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||31||9||3||3||0||0||7||2||41||14
|1998/99||17||2||4||1||1||1||4||1||26||5
|1999/00||27||5||0||0||0||0||9||1||36||6
|2000/01||29||15||2||1||0||0||11||5||42||21
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="2"|Premier League||34||10||2||1||6||2||colspan="2"|-||42||13
|2002/03||36||12||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||38||13
|2003/04||Portsmouth||Premier League||32||9||3||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||38||10
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|West Ham United||League Championship||33||20||2||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||36||21
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||6||4||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||31||7
|2006/07||17||2||1||0||1||0||1||0||20||2
|2007/08||Colchester United||League Championship||19||3||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||4
|1995||7||2
|1997||8||3
|2001||4||2
Total||51||11
People from the London Borough of Waltham Forest
Dwight Eversley Yorke CM (born 3 November 1971) is a retired Trinidadian football player.
He has played for Trinidad and Tobago national team.
He won the 1998–99 Premier League Golden Boot, along side Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Michael Owen.
This made him the joint first foreign Golden Boot winner.
Scores and results list Trinidad and Tobago's goal tally first.
Football League Cup: 1995–96
Premier League: 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01
FA Cup: 1998–99
UEFA Champions League: 1998–99
A-League: 2005–06
Caribbean Cup: 1989
Premier League Player of the Month: February 1996, January 1999, March 2000
PFA Team of the Year: 1998–99 Premier League
Premier League Player of the Season: 1998–99
Premier League Golden Boot: 1998–99
Joe Marston Medal: 2005–06
Sydney FC Hall of Fame: 2015
Sydney FC profile
Dwight Yorke Interview
Profile at Soca Warriors Online
Trinidad and Tobago footballers
Uwe Seeler (born 5 November, 1936) is a former German football player.
He has played for Hamburger SV and West Germany national team.
|1954-55||rowspan="18"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="9"|Oberliga||31||29
|1955-56||34||35
|1956-57||30||33
|1957-58||28||34
|1958-59||31||24
|1959-60||33||49
|1960-61||29||37
|1961-62||30||32
|1962-63||34||34
|1963-64||rowspan="9"|Bundesliga||30||30
|1964-65||19||14
|1965-66||23||11
|1966-67||23||10
|1967-68||30||12
|1968-69||33||23
|1969-70||30||17
|1970-71||25||9
|1971-72||26||11
|1954||3||0
|1957||0||0
|1958||9||5
|1959||5||6
|1960||5||4
|1961||6||5
|1962||7||2
|1963||3||3
|1964||3||4
|1965||1||1
|1969||3||0
|1970||10||5
Total||72||43
Sportspeople from Hamburg
Herbert Chapman (19 January 1878 – 6 January 1934) was an English football player and manager.
|1987||rowspan="4"|Reipas Lahti||rowspan="4"|Veikkausliiga||9||0
|1988||26||8
|1989||25||6
|1990||26||14
|1991||HJK Helsinki||Veikkausliiga||27||16
|1992||MyPa||Veikkausliiga||18||7
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Ajax||rowspan="7"|Eredivisie||12||1
|1993/94||30||26
|1994/95||27||17
|1995/96||26||14
|1996/97||16||6
|1997/98||25||16
|1998/99||23||11
|1999/00||Barcelona||La Liga||21||3
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Liverpool||rowspan="2"|Premier League||5||1
|2001/02||21||4
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Ajax||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||14||5
|2003/04||6||0
|2004||Lahti||Veikkausliiga||11||3
|2004/05||Hansa Rostock||Bundesliga||13||1
|2005||rowspan="3"|Malmö FF||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||2||1
|2007/08||Fulham||Premier League||0||0
|2008||rowspan="3"|Lahti||rowspan="3"|Veikkausliiga||6||3
|2010||21||5
|2011||HJK Helsinki||Veikkausliiga||18||1
|1993||8||1
|1995||4||2
|1996||2||1
|1997||7||4
Total||137||32
Club titles
Finnish Cup: 1992
Eredivisie: 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98
KNVB Cup: 1992–93, 1997–98, 1998–99
Johan Cruijff Schaal: 1993, 1994, 1995
UEFA Champions League: 1994–95; Runners-up: 1995–96
European Super Cup: 1995
Intercontinental Cup: 1995
European Super Cup: 2001
Football League Cup: 2000–01
Finnish championship: 2011
Finnish Cup: 2011
Personal awards and achievements
Finnish Footballer of the Year: 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000
Finnish Veikkausliiga Player of the Year: 1990
Dutch Footballer of the Year: 1993
Dutch league top scorer: 1993–94
European Footballer of the Year (Ballon d'Or), 8th place: 1994
European Footballer of the Year (Ballon d'Or), 3rd place: 1995
Finnish Sports Personality of the Year: 1995
European Sports Media Team of the Year: 1994–95, 1995–96
UEFA Champions League Top Scorers: 1995–96
All-time cap leader of the Finnish national team
All-time top scorer of the Finnish national team
All-time European top scorer of AFC Ajax: 26 goals
Denis Compton (23 May 1918 in Hendon, Middlesex – 23 April 1997 in Windsor, Berkshire) was an English cricketer and football player.
He played for Arsenal.
Disease-related deaths in Berkshire
Jan Mølby (born 4 July 1963) is a former Danish football player.
|1981||rowspan="2"|Kolding||||27||0||||||||||||||27||0
|1982||First Division||13||0||||||||||||||13||0
|1982-83||rowspan="2"|Ajax||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||29||6||||||||||||||29||6
|1983-84||28||5||||||||||||||28||5
|1984-85||rowspan="11"|Liverpool||rowspan="8"|First Division||22||1||colspan="2"|-||1||0||colspan="2"|-||23||1
|1985-86||39||14||8||3||5||2||colspan="2"|-||52||19
|1986-87||34||7||3||0||7||5||colspan="2"|-||44||12
|1987-88||7||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|1988-89||13||2||3||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||18||3
|1989-90||17||1||colspan="2"|-||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||1
|1990-91||25||9||7||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||9
|1991-92||26||3||6||1||3||0||5||1||40||5
|1992-93||rowspan="3"|Premier League||10||3||colspan="2"|-||1||0||2||0||13||3
|1993-94||11||2||colspan="2"|-||2||1||colspan="2"|-||13||3
|1994-95||14||2||colspan="2"|-||2||0||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|1995-96||Barnsley||First Division||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|1995-96||Norwich City||First Division||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||1||colspan="2"|-||5||1
|1995-96||rowspan="3"|Swansea City||Second Division||12||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||12||2
|1996-97||rowspan="2"|Third Division||28||6||colspan="2"|-||1||0||colspan="2"|-||29||6
|1997-98||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
Tore André Flo is a former football player.
|1993||rowspan="2"|Sogndal||First Division||22||16||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||16
|1994||Premier League||22||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||5
|1995||Tromsø||Premier League||26||18||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||18
|1996||rowspan="2"|Brann||rowspan="2"|Premier League||24||19||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||19
|1997||16||9||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||9
|1997-98||rowspan="4"|Chelsea||rowspan="4"|Premier League||34||11||1||0||4||2||5||2||44||15
|1998-99||30||10||3||0||3||1||9||2||45||13
|1999-00||34||10||6||1||1||0||16||8||57||19
|2000-01||14||3||colspan="2"|-||1||0||2||0||17||3
|2000-01||rowspan="3"|Rangers||rowspan="3"|Premier League||19||11||2||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||22||13
|2001-02||30||18||3||2||2||1||7||1||42||22
|2002-03||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|2002-03||Sunderland||Premier League||29||4||2||0||1||2||colspan="2"|-||32||6
|2003-04||rowspan="2"|Siena||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||8
|2004-05||30||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||5
|2005||rowspan="2"|Vålerenga||rowspan="2"|Premier League||8||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|2006||16||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||4
|2006-07||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||League Championship||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||1
|2007-08||League One||22||3||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||3
Total||76||23
Iván Zamorano (born 18 January 1967) is a former Chilean football player.
He has played for Chile national team until 2001.
|1986||rowspan="3"|Cobresal||rowspan="3"|Primera División||3||0
|1987||16||21
|1988||10||14
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|St.
Gallen||rowspan="3"|Super League||17||10
|1989/90||33||23
|1990/91||6||1
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Sevilla||rowspan="2"|La Liga||29||9
|1991/92||30||12
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|Real Madrid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||34||25
|1993/94||36||11
|1994/95||38||28
|1995/96||29||12
|1996/97||rowspan="5"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="5"|Serie A||31||7
|1997/98||13||1
|1998/99||25||9
|1999/00||30||7
|2000/01||2||1
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|América ||rowspan="3"|Primera División||13||9
|2001/02||32||17
|2002/03||11||4
|2003||Colo-Colo||Primera División||14||8
|1987||5||1
|1991||9||6
|1995||1||1
|1996||8||5
|1997||5||9
|1999||8||3
Total||69||34
Mark Hopley (born 1 May 1984) is a rugby union player for Northampton Saints in the Guinness Premiership.
He was born in Crewe, Cheshire.
He plays as a flanker.
People from Crewe
Geography and population
First people, who settled on Formentera, were the Carthaginians, later the Romans came there.
Often the island lost its complete population, for example after the Vandals came there.
The island lives mainly on tourism.
Most tourists are from Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy and France.
The Official Tourism Portal of Formentera
Local government website
Menorca (Spain, Catalan: Menorca) is the most east of the Balearic Islands.
Menorca is located east of Mallorca.
About 88,000 people live there.
The main town is Mahón, which has about 27,000 people.
Menorca was influenced by the Minoans.
Later it was ruled by Carthage, and by Rome after the Punic Wars.
From the 5th century AD there was a seat of a bishop on Menorca.
The Vandals invaded but the Byzantine Empire recovered Menorca in 534.
The Moors took over in 903.
In 1287 the Christians took it back and enslaved the Muslims.
Later Menorca was ruled by the Kingdom of Mallorca.
In 1334 it became part of Aragon, which later became part of Spain.
In 1713 the British conquered Menorca but in 1781 the Spanish recovered it in the American Revolutionary War.
Menorca lives mainly on tourism.
There is one airport near the main city.
Menorca Facebook Page
Pictures Photographs of Menorca
Island government of Minorca
UNESCO's Minorca Biosphere Reserve
Sajid Iqbal Mahmood (born 21 December 1981 in Bolton, Greater Manchester) is an English cricketer of Pakistani Janjua Rajput descent.
He is a right-arm fast bowler who plays international cricket for England and county cricket for Lancashire.
Sportspeople from Greater Manchester
The Flag of Sri Lanka, also called the Lion Flag, consists of gold lion passant, holding a sword in its right fore paw, in front of a crimson background with four golden bo leaves in each corner.
Around the background is a yellow border, and to its left are two vertical stripes of equal size in saffron and green, with the saffron stripe closest to the lion.
In cryptography, RC4 (also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is one of the most common software stream ciphers.
It is used in popular protocols like Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) (to protect Internet traffic) and WEP (to secure wireless networks).
RC4 was created by Ron Rivest of RSA Security in 1987.
While its official name is "Rivest Cipher 4", the RC abbreviation is also known to stand for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5 and RC6).
RC4 was first created as a trade secret, but in September 1994 a description of it was posted to the Cypherpunks mailing list.
It was soon posted on the sci.crypt newsgroup, and from there to many websites on the Internet.
The code was confirmed to be genuine(not fake) as its output matched that of proprietary software using licensed RC4.
Because the algorithm is known, it is no longer a trade secret.
The name "RC4" is trademarked, however.
RC4 is often referred to as "ARCFOUR" or "ARC4" (meaning Alleged RC4, because RSA has never officially released the algorithm), to avoid possible trademark problems.
It has become part of some commonly used encryption protocols and standards, including WEP and WPA for wireless cards and TLS.
The two main reasons which helped its use over such a big range of applications are its speed and simplicity.
Uses of RC4 in both software and hardware are extremely easy to develop.
The RC4 encryption algorithm is started with a different key length, usually between 40 and 256 bits, using the key-scheduling algorithm (KSA).
Once this has been completed, the stream of encrypted bits is created using the pseudo-random generation algorithm (PRGA).
RC4 fails the standards set by cryptographers for a secure cipher in many ways, and is not recommended for use in new applications as there are a lot of methods of attacking RC4.
Dropping the first kilobyte of data from the keystream can improve the security somewhat.
RC4-based cryptosystems
Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption
Secure Sockets Layer (optionally)
Secure Shell (optionally)
Remote Desktop Client (RDC over RDP)
Kerberos (optionally)
SASL Mechanism Digest-MD5 (optionally)
Gpcode.
AK, an early June 2008 computer virus for Microsoft Windows, which takes documents hostage for ransom by obscuring them with RC4 and RSA-1024 encryption
eSTREAM - An evaluation of new stream ciphers being conducted by the EU.
TEA, Block TEA also known as eXtended TEA and Corrected Block TEA - A family of block ciphers that, like RC4, are designed to be very simple to implement.
IETF Draft - A Stream Cipher Encryption Algorithm "Arcfour"
Original posting of RC4 algorithm to Cypherpunks mailing list
SCAN's entry for RC4
Attacks on RC4
RC4 - Cryptology Pointers by Helger Lipmaa
RSA Security Response to Weaknesses in Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4
T-SQL implementation
RC4 in WEP
(in)Security of the WEP algorithm
Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir attack on WEP (postscript format)
General Electric is a big and multinational company based in the United States.
It was created in 1892 by Thomas Edison through merging several companies that initially made electrical things.
In the middle 20th century it became a major maker of turbojet engines and now makes many things.
As of 2008, they are the third biggest company in the world.
In May 2020, it sold its light bulb business.
1892 establishments in the United States
In cryptography, Blowfish is a keyed, symmetric block cipher, made in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and since 1993 has been included(put together) in a large number of encryption products.
Blowfish has a good encryption rate in software and until 2008 no cryptanalytic attack model of it has been found.
However, the AES block cipher algorithm now has more attention.
Schneier made Blowfish as a general-purpose algorithm, to be used as a replacement for the old DES algorithm and to remove the problems and difficulties of other encryption algorithms.
At the time Blowfish was released, many other algorithms were proprietary, or were secrets.
Schneier has said that, "Blowfish is unpatented, and will remain so in all countries.
The algorithm is hereby placed in the public domain, and can be freely used by anyone."
Main features of the design include key-dependent S-boxes and a very complex key schedule.
Blowfish is one of the fastest block ciphers used by many people, except when changing keys.
Each new key needs to be pre-processed which takes the same time as encrypting about 4 kilobytes of text, which is very slow compared to other block ciphers.
This stops its use in certain applications (such as in the smallest embedded systems like the early smartcards), but it is not a problem in other applications.