the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
337 – Constantine I of the Roman Empire, Roman emperor (b. 272)
748 – Emperor Gensho of Japan (b. 680)
985 – Saint Bobo of Provence
1068 – Emperor Go-Reizei of Japan (b. 1025)
1455 – Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, English politician
1455 – Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, English commander (b. 1406)
1457 - Rita of Cascia, Italian saint (b. 1381)
1540 – Francesco Guicciardini (b. 1483)
1666 - Gaspar Schott, German physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
1667 – Pope Alexander VII (b. 1599)
1746 – Thomas Southerne, Irish dramatist (b. 1660)
1795 - Ewald Friedrich von Hertzberg, Prussian statesman (b. 1725)
1802 - Martha Washington, First Lady of the United States (b. 1731)
1849 - Maria Edgeworth, Irish-English writer (b. 1767)
1859 – Emperor Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (b. 1810)
1861 – Thornsbury Bailey Brown, American soldier (b. 1829)
1873 – Alessandro Manzoni, Italian poet (b. 1785)
1873 - Per-Georg Scheutz, Swedish inventor (b. 1877)
1885 – Victor Hugo, French writer (b. 1802)
1901 – Gaetano Bresci, Italian anarchist (b. 1869)
1910 - Jules Renard, French writer (b. 1864)
1932 - Augusta, Lady Gregory, Irish playwright (b. 1852)
1933 - Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav, Prime Minister of Mongolia (b. 1894)
1934 - Joseph M. Dixon, American politician, Governor of Montana (b. 1867)
1939 – Ernst Toller, German writer
1939 – Jiri Mahen, Czech writer (b. 1882)
1943 - Helen Herron Taft, First Lady of the United States (b. 1861)
1949 – Klaus Mann, German writer (b. 1906)
1966 – Tom Goddard, English cricketer (b. 1900)
1967 – Langston Hughes, American writer (b. 1902)
1970 - Goodwin Knight, 31st Governor of California (b. 1896)
1972 – Cecil Day-Lewis, poet and writer (b. 1904)
1972 – Margaret Rutherford, English actress (b. 1892)
1975 - Lefty Grove, American baseball player (b. 1900)
1983 – Albert Claude, Belgian biologist (b. 1899)
1984 - Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1901)
1985 - Wolfgang Reithermann, German-American Disney animator, director and producer (b. 1909)
1988 - Giorgio Almirante, Italian politician (b. 1914)
1990 – Rocky Graziano, American boxer (b. 1922)
1992 – Zellig Harris, linguist (b. 1909)
1992 - Elizabeth David, English cookery writer (b. 1913)
1997 - Myrtle Bachelder, American chemist (b. 1908)
1997 – Alfred Hershey, American biochemist (b. 1908)
1997 - Renzo Montagnani, Italian actor (b. 1930)
1998 – John Derek, American actor, director and photographer (b. 1926)
2002 - Xi Zhongxun, Chinese politician (b. 1913)
2004 – Richard Biggs, actor (b. 1960)
2004 – Mikhail Voronin, Russian gymnast (b. 1945)
2005 – Charilaos Florakis, Greek politician (b. 1914)
2005 – Thurl Ravenscroft, voice actor and singer (b. 1914)
2005 – Julia Randall, poet (b. 1924)
2006 – Lee Jong-wook, South Korean Director-General of the WHO (b. 1945)
2007 - Pemba Doma Sherpa, Nepalese mountaineer (b. 1970)
2010 – Martin Gardner, American writer (b. 1914)
2012 - Flinder Anderson Khonglam, Indian physician and politician, 18th Chief Minister of Meghalaya (b. 1945)
2013 - Henri Dutilleux, French composer (b. 1916)
2013 - Andrea Gallo, Italian priest (b. 1928)
2013 - Lee Rigby, British soldier (b. 1987)
2015 - Marques Haynes, American basketball player (b. 1926)
2015 - Radomir Naumov, Serbian politician (b. 1946)
2015 - Terry Sue-Patt, English actor (b. 1964)
2016 - Adolf Born, Czech painter, filmmaker, illustrator and caricaturist (b. 1930)
2016 - Leonorilda Ochoa, Mexican actress and comedienne (b. 1939)
2016 - Bata Zivojinovic, Serbian actor (b. 1922)
2016 - Lucjan Avgustini, Albanian Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1963)
2016 - Velimir Sombolac, Serbian footballer and coach (b. 1939)
2017 - Oscar Fulloné, Argentine footballer and coach (b. 1939)
2017 - Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer (b. 1981)
2017 - Dina Merrill, American actress (b. 1923)
2017 - Zbigniew Wodecki, Polish singer, composer and television presenter (b. 1950)
2017 - Leonhard Nagenrauft, German luger (b. 1938)
2017 - Mickey Roker, American jazz drummer (b. 1932)
2018 - Alberto Dines, Brazilian journalist (b. 1932)
2018 - Philip Roth, American writer (b. 1933)
2018 - Daniela Samulski, German swimmer (b. 1984)
2018 - Júlio Pomar, Portuguese painter and illustrator (b. 1926)
2019 - Judith Kerr, German-born British writer and illustrator (b. 1923)
2019 - Ahmad Shah of Pahang, former King of Malaysia (b. 1930)
2019 - Eduard Punset, Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and science populariser (b. 1936)
Saint of the Day: Saint Rita of Cascia
Republic Day (Sri Lanka)
Unity Day or National Day (Yemen)
National Sovereignty Day (Haiti)
International Day for Biological Diversity
Harvey Milk Day (California)
National Maritime Day (United States)
Abolition Day (Martinique)
1279 BC – Rameses II (the Great) becomes Pharaoh of Egypt.
455 - Roman Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
526 – Antioch, Turkey is hit by an earthquake kills 250,000 people.
1578 – Henry II of France lays the first stone of the Point Neuf (New Bridge) in Paris.
1578 - Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England to Frobisher Bay, Canada to mine fool's gold, used to pave the streets in London.
1669 – Citing poor eyesight, Samuel Pepys makes the last entry in his diary.
1740 - Frederick II of Prussia becomes King.
1790 – Alferez Manuel Quimper explores the strait of Juan de Fuca.
1795 - French Revolution: The Revolutionary Tribunal is suppressed.
1813 - In Australia, William Lawson, Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth reach Mount Blaxland, effectively marking the end of a route crossing the Blue Mountains in New South Wales.
1854 - The civil death procedure is banned in France.
1859 – Big Ben in London, UK starts keeping time.
1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Cold Harbor.
1884 - John Harvey Kellogg receives a patent for Cornflakes.
1889 – Johnstown flood: A dam break causes a flash flood in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,000 people.
1890 - In Ulm, southern Germany, Ulm Minster, the city's cathedral, is completed.
1902 - The Second Boer War ends, through the Treaty of Vereeniging, ensuring British control over South Africa.
1906 – An attack on the wedding of King Alfonso XIII of Spain kills more than 20 people.
1910 – The Union of South Africa is formed.
1911 – The hull of the ocean liner RMS Titanic is launched.
1911 – President Porfirio Díaz flees Mexico during the Mexican Revolution.
1916 – World War I: The Battle of Jutland is fought.
1921 – Tulsa, Oklahoma race riot: At least 39 people are killed.
1927 – The last Ford Model T rolls off the assembly line.
1929 – The first talking cartoon of Mickey Mouse is released.
1935 – An earthquake in Quetta, Pakistan, kills around 40,000 people.
1941 – World War II: 38 people are killed in an air raid in Dublin.
1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy Submarines begin a series of attacks on Sydney, Australia.
1946 - A magnitude 6 earthquake in Turkey kills around 1,200 people.
1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower ends his service with the United States Military.
1961 – The Republic of South Africa is founded.
1962 - The West Indies Federation dissolves.
1962 – Nazi official Adolf Eichmann is executed.
1970 – Ancash Earthquake: Southern Peru is hit by a major earthquake.
Along with resulting avalanches, it kills 47,000 people.
20,000 people alone are killed in a single avalanche that hit the town of Yungay.
1970 – Brasilia Cathedral, designed by Oscar Niemeyer, is completed.
1970 - The 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico begins.
1971 - Memorial Day in the United States is held on the last Monday in May for the first time, instead of the traditional May 30 date.
1973 - The United States Senate votes to cut off funding for the bombing of Khmer Rouge targets in Cambodia.
1977 – The Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline is completed.
1981 - Burning of the Jaffna Library in Sri Lanka.
1985 – 76 people are killed in a tornado outbreak in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario.
1991 – Civil War political parties in Angola agree on a ceasefire and fire elections.
2002 – The 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan begins, where the Senegal national football team beats the France national football team 1-0.
2003 – Aung San Suu Kyi is arrested in Burma.
2005 – Mark Felt is revealed to have been 'Deep Throat', a key figure in the Watergate scandal.
2009 – The last-living survivor of the RMS Titanic sinking, Millvina Dean, dies aged 97.
2010 – Germany's President Horst Koehler resigns from office.
Christian Wulff succeeds him over a month later.
2010 – Israeli forces storm the Gaza-bound international flotilla in the Mediterranean Sea, killing 9 Turkish activists.
2013 - A series of anti-government protests in Turkey begins in Istanbul.
2013 - Asteroid (285263) 1998 GE-2 and its moon make their closest approach to Earth for the next two centuries.
2013 - A tornado measuring 2.6 miles (4.2 kilometers) wide hits El Reno, Oklahoma.
2017 - A massive bomb attack in central Kabul kills at least 150 people.
2018 - The discovery of dunes of methane on the dwarf planet Pluto is announced.
2018 - US President Donald Trump imposes tariffs on products from the European Union, Canada and Mexico.
2019 - Virginia Beach shooting: 12 government employees are shot dead by their colleague DeWayne Craddock in Virginia Beach, before he is killed in a shoot-out with police.
1048 – Omar Khayyám, Persian poet, astronomer, mathematician and philosopher (d. 1131)
1162 – Genghis Khan, Mongol ruler (d. 1227)
1243 - King James II of Majorca (d. 1311)
1443 – Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII of England (d. 1509)
1469 – King Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1521)
1491 - Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish Jesuit (d. 1556)
1535 – Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (d. 1607)
1557 – Feodor I of Russia (d. 1598)
1577 - Nur Jahan, Mughal Empress (d. 1645)
1613 – John George II, Elector of Saxony (d. 1680)
1640 – Michael of Poland (d. 1673)
1641 – Dositheus, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem (d. 1707)
1656 – Marin Marais, French composer and violin player (d. 1728)
1683 - Jean-Pierre Christin, French physicist, mathematician and astronomer (d. 1755)
1744 - Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Irish author and engineer (d. 1817)
1750 – Karl August of Hardenberg, statesman and reformer (d. 1822)
1753 – Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, French revolutionary (d. 1793)
1754 – Andrea Appiani, Italian painter (d. 1817)
1773 – Ludwig Tieck, German poet and writer (d. 1853)
1791 - John Brown Francis, Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1864)
1801 – Johann Georg Baiter, Swiss philologist (d. 1887)
1809 - Federico de Roncali, 1st Count of Alcoy, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1857)
1816 - Dimitrie Ghica, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1897)
1817 - Georg Herwegh, German poet (d. 1875)
1817 - Edouard Deldevez, French violinist and conductor (d. 1897)
1818 - John Albion Andrew, 25th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1867)
1819 – Walt Whitman, American poet (d. 1892)
1825 - Domenico Agostini, Italian cardinal (d. 1891)
1838 – Henry Sidgwick, English philosopher (d. 1900)
1852 – Francisco Moreno, Argentine explorer (d. 1919)
1852 - Julius Richard Petri, German bacteriologist (d. 1921)
1857 – Pope Pius XI (d. 1939)
1858 - Graham Wallas, English socialist, psychologist and educator (d. 1932)
1860 – Walter Sickert, English painter (d. 1942)
1862 - Mikhail Nesterov, Russian painter (d. 1942)
1863 - Francis Younghusband, English army officer, explorer and writer (d. 1942)
1866 - Vladimir Rebikov, Russian composer (d. 1920)
1872 – Heath Robinson, English cartoonist (d. 1944)
1872 – Charles Greeley Abbot, American astrophysicist (d. 1973)
1882 – Sándor Festetics, Hungarian politician (d. 1956)
1883 – Lauri Kristian Relander, 2nd President of Finland (d. 1942)
1885 – Alois Hudal, Austrian Roman Catholic bishop, helped Nazi war criminals escape (d. 1963)
1887 – Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and poet (d. 1975)
1892 – Michel Kikoine, Belarussian painter (d. 1968)
1892 - Konstantin Paustovsky, Russian writer (d. 1968)
1892 – Gregor Strasser, German politician (d. 1934)
1894 – Fred Allen, American comedian (d. 1956)
1898 – Dr. Norman Vincent Peale, American clergyman (d. 1993)
1899 - Madge Blake, American actress (d. 1969)
1901 - Alfredo Antonini, Italian-American conductor and composer (d. 1983)
1908 – Don Ameche, American actor (d. 1993)
1908 - Nils Poppe, Swedish actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2000)
1909 - Aurore Gagnon, Canadian child abuse victim (d. 1920)
1909 - Art Coulter, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 2000)
1911 – Maurice Allais, French economist (d. 2010)
1912 - Chien-Shiung Wu, Chinese-American physicist (d. 1997)
1912 – Alfred Deller, English countertenor (d. 1979)
1914 - Akira Ifukube, Japanese composer (d. 2006)
1915 - Carmen Herrera, Cuban-American artist
1916 - Bert Haanstra, Dutch movie and documentary director (d. 1997)
1916 - Bernard Lewis, British-American historian (d. 2018)
1917 - Jean Rouch, French filmmaker and anthropologist (d. 2004)
1921 - Alida Valli, Italian actress (d. 2006)
1921 - Edna Doré, English actress (d. 2014)
1922 – Denholm Elliott, English actor (d. 1992)
1923 – Prince Rainier III of Monaco (d. 2005)
1923 - Ellsworth Kelly, American painter, sculptor and printmaker (d. 2015)
1925 - Frei Otto, German architect (d. 2015)
1926 - Domenico De Simone, Italian politician (d. 2019)
1926 – James Krüss, writer (d. 1997)
1927 – Red Holloway, American musician (d. 2012)
1927 - Joe Robinson, British actor (d. 2017)
1928 - Édouard Molinaro, French actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1929 – Menahem Golan, Israeli director, screenwriter and producer (d. 2014)
1929 - Andreas Meyer-Landrut, German diplomat
1930 – Clint Eastwood, American actor, director, producer
1930 – Elaine Stewart, American actress (d. 2011)
1931 – Shirley Verrett, American soprano (d. 2010)
1931 – John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist
1932 – Jay Miner, American microchip designer (d. 1994)
1933 - Sadashiv Vasantrao Gorakshkar, Indian writer and curator (d. 2019)
1935 – Jim Bolger, 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand
1938 – Johnny Paycheck, American country music singer (d. 2003)
1938 – John Prescott, former Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1938 – Peter Yarrow, American folk singer ("Peter, Paul and Mary")
1939 – Terry Waite, British humanitarian
1939 – Haraldur Sigurdsson, Icelandic  volcanologist and geochemist
1940 - Anatoliy Bondarchuk, Ukrainian hammer thrower and coach
1941 – Louis Ignarro, American pharmacologist
1942 - Minos Kyriakou, Greek businessman (d. 2017)
1943 – Sharon Gless, American actress
1943 – Joe Namath, American football star
1945 - Pepe Eliaschev, Argentine journalist and writer (d. 2014)
1945 – Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German actor and director (d. 1982)
1945 – Laurent Gbagbo, former President of Ivory Coast
1947 - Junior Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter
1948 - Svetlana Alexievich, Belarussian journalist and writer
1948 – John Bonham, English musician, drummer with Led Zeppelin (d. September 25, 1980)
1948 – Lynda Bellingham, English actress and broadcaster (d. 2014)
1948 - Duncan Hunter, American lieutenant, lawyer and politician
1949 – Tom Berenger, American actor
1950 – Gregory Harrison, actor
1952 – Karl Bartos, German musician (Kraftwerk)
1955 - Tommy Emmanuel, Australian guitarist and singer
1955 - Lynne Truss, English author
1956 - Gerd Weber, East German footballer
1959 - Andrea de Cesaris, Italian racing driver (d. 2014)
1960 – Peter Winterbottom, English rugby player
1960 – Chris Elliott, American comedian
1961 – Lea Thompson, American actress
1962 – Corey Hart, Canadian singer-songwriter
1963 – Viktor Orban, Prime Minister of Hungary
1963 – Wesley Willis, American musician
1964 - Yukio Edano, Japanese politician
1965 – Brooke Shields, American model and actress
1966 - Roshan Mahamana, Sri Lankan cricketer
1966 - Nick Scotti, American model, actor and singer
1967 - Sandrine Bonnaire, French actress
1972 – Antti Niemi, Finnish footballer
1972 – Frode Estil, Norwegian cross-country skier
1972 - Sarah Murdoch, English-Australian model and actress
1973 - Kate Howey, British judoka
1974 – Chad Campbell, American golfer
1974 - Kenan Dogulu, Turkish singer
1974 - Tristram Hunt, English politician
1975 – Toni Nieminen, Finnish ski jumper
1975 - Antonín Kinsky, Czech footballer
1976 – Colin Farrell, Irish actor
1976 - Matt Harping, American basketball player
1976 - Tonka Tomicic, Chilean model and television host
1977 – June Sarpong, British television presenter
1977 - Eric Christian Olsen, American actor
1977 - Katrín Jónsdóttir, Icelandic footballer
1977 – Moses Sichone, Zambian footballer
1978 - Eric Moussambani, Equatoguinean swimmer
1978 - Robert Rinder, English barrister and television personality
1979 - Jean-François Gillet, Belgian footballer
1980 – Andy Hurley, American musician (Fall Out Boy)
1981 - Yoon Mi-rae, American-Korean singer and songwriter
1981 – Mikael Antonsson, Swedish footballer
1981 - Daniele Bonera, Italian footballer
1981 - Marlies Schild, Austrian skier
1983 – Reggie Yates, British television presenter
1984 – Jason Smith, Australian actor
1984 – Nate Robinson, American basketball player
1984 - Daniela Samulski, German swimmer (d. 2018)
1986 – Sopho Khalvashi, Georgian singer
1988 – Lisa Bund, German singer
1989 – Marco Reus, German footballer
1989 - Pablo Alboran, Spanish singer
1989 - Bas Dost, Dutch footballer
1990 - Erik Karlsson, Swedish ice hockey player
1991 - Azealia Banks, American rapper, singer and songwriter.
455 – Petronius Maximus, West Roman Emperor
1076 - Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria (b. 1050)
1162 – Geza II of Hungary (b. 1130)
1246 – Isabella of Angoulême, queen of John of England (b. 1188)
1349 – Thomas Wake
1408 – Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Ashikaga shogun (b. 1358)
1495 – Cecily Neville, mother of Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (b. 1415)
1594 – Tintoretto, Italian painter (b. 1518)
1680 – Joachim Neander, German Calvinist clergyman (b. 1650)
1740 – King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia (b. 1688)
1747 – Andrei Osterman, Russian statesman (b. 1686)
1799 – Pierre Lemonnier, French astronomer (b. 1715)
1809 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (b. 1732)
1809 – Jean Lannes, French Marshal of Empire (b. 1769)
1831 – Samuel Bentham, mechanical engineer (b. 1757)
1832 – Evariste Galois, French mathematician (b. 1811)
1837 – Joseph Grimaldi, British clown (b. 1779)
1846 – Philip Marheineke, German Protestant divine (b. 1780)
1847 – Thomas Chalmers, Scottish pastor, social reformer, educator, writer, and scientist (b. 1780)
1848 – Eugénie de Guérin, writer (b. 1805)
1881 - Hugh J. Anderson, Governor of Maine (b. 1801)
1887 - Moritz Wagner, German geographer and naturalist (b. 1813)
1899 - Elisha Baxter, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1827)
1908 - Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Canadian author, poet and politician (b. 1839)
1910 – Elizabeth Blackwell, first female physician in the United States (b. 1821)
1918 – Alexander Mitscherlich, German chemist (b. 1836)
1920 – Nasrullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan
1945 – Odilo Globocnik, Austrian Nazi officer (b. 1904)
1957 – Stefanos Sarafis, Greek Resistance activist (b. 1890)
1957 – Leopold Staff, Polish poet (b. 1878)
1960 – Walther Funk, Nazi leader (b. 1890)
1960 – Willem Elsschot, Flemish writer (b. 1882)
1961 - Walter Little, Canadian politician (b. 1877)
1962 – Adolf Eichmann, Nazi official (b. 1906)
1963 – Edith Hamilton, German-American writer and teacher (b. 1867)
1967 - Billy Strawhorn, American composer, pianist and arranger (b. 1915)
1970 – Terry Sawchuk, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929)
1976 – Jacques Monod, French biologist (b. 1910)
1977 – William Castle, American director (b. 1914)
1978 – Jozsef Bozsik, Hungarian footballer (b. 1925)
1981 – Gyula Lorant, Hungarian footballer (b. 1928)
1981 – Giuseppe Pella, Italian politician (b. 1902)
1982 - Carlo Mauri, Italian mountaineer (b. 1930)
1983 – Jack Dempsey, American boxer (b. 1895)
1986 – James Rainwater, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
1986 - Gaston Rebuffat, French mountaineer (b. 1921)
1994 - Herva Nelli, Italian-American soprano (b. 1909)
1996 – Paul Peter Piech, artist (b. 1920)
1996 – Timothy Leary, American LSD advocate (b. 1920)
1999 - Gene Sarazen, American golfer (b. 1902)
2000 – Tito Puente, musician (b. 1923)
2000 – Johnnie Taylor, vocalist (b. 1938)
2001 - Arlene Francis, American actress (b. 1907)
2002 - Subhash Gupte, Indian cricketer (b. 1929)
2003 - Francesco Colasuonno, Italian cardinal (b. 1925)
2004 – Robert Quine, guitarist (b. 1942)
2006 – Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist (b. 1914)
2009 – Millvina Dean, last-living RMS Titanic survivor (b. 1912)
2009 – George Tiller, American abortion doctor (b. 1941)
2010 – Louise Bourgeois, French-born sculptor (b. 1911)
2011 – Pauline Betz, American tennis player (b. 1919)
2011 - Andy Robustelli, American football player (b. 1925)
2011 – Ezzatollah Sahabi, Iranian politician (b. 1930)
2013 - Jean Stapleton, American actress (b. 1923)
2013 - Tim Samaras, American storm chaser (b. 1957)
2013 - Paul Samaras, American storm chaser (b. 1988)
2014 - Marilyn Beck, American entertainment journalist (b. 1928)
2014 - Hoss Ellington, American NASCAR driver (b. 1935)
2014 - Martha Hyer, American actress (b. 1924)
2014 - Brajanath Ratha, Indian poet (b. 1936)
2014 - Mary Soames, Baroness Soames, daughter of Winston Churchill (b. 1922)
2014 - Marinho Chagas, Brazilian footballer (b. 1952)
2015 - Karl Wlaschek, Austrian executive (b. 1917)
2015 - Mario Saliwa, South African cricketer (b. 1984)
2015 - Slim Richey, American guitarist (b. 1938)
2016 - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (b. 1947)
2016 - Jan Crouch, American televangelist and broadcasting executive (b. 1938)
2016 - Antonio Imbert Barrera, President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1920)
2016 - Carla Lane, English television writer (b. 1928)
2016 - Rupert Neudeck, German journalist and humanitarian (b. 1939)
2016 - David Tod Roy, Chinese translator (b. 1933)
2016 - Corry Brokken, Dutch singer (b. 1932)
2017 - Lubomyr Husar, Ukrainian religious figure (b. 1933)
2017 - Tino Insana, American actor (b. 1948)
2017 - Fred Kummerow, American science professor (b. 1914)
2017 - Bern Nix, American jazz guitarist (b. 1947)
2017 - Jiri Belohlavek, Czech conductor (b. 1946)
2018 - Michael D. Ford, English art director and set decorator (b. 1928)
2018 - Aníbal Quijano, Peruvian sociologist (b. 1928)
2019 - Roky Erickson, American singer-songwriter (b. 1947)
Anti-Tobacco Day
Castile-La Mancha Day
495 BC - A newly-built temple in honour of the god Mercury is dedicated in Ancient Rome on the Circus Maximus, between the Aventine and Palatine Hills.
392 - Roman Emperor Valentinian II mysteriously dies while advancing into Gaul (present-day France) against the Frankish usurper Arbogast.
It is not clear if he was murdered or committed suicide.
1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull ad extirpanda, which allows, but also limits, the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition.
1464 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Hexham - York defeats Lancaster.
1536 - Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is put on trial in London on charges of treason, adultery and incest.
It will result in her execution four days later.
1567 - Mary, Queen of Scots marries James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, her third husband.
1602 - Bartholomew Gosnold becomes the first European to sight Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
1618 - Johannes Kepler confirms his previously rejected discovery of the third law of planetary motion.
1648 - The Treaty of Westphalia is signed.
1701 - The War of the Spanish Succession begins.
1718 - James Buckle, a London lawyer, patents the first machine gun.
1776 - American Revolutionary War: The Virginia Convention tells its Continental Congress delegation to propose resolution of independence from Great Britain.
1792 - War of the First Coalition: France declares war on the Kingdom of Sardinia.
1793 - Diego Marin Aguilera flies a glider for "about 360 meters" at a height of 5–6 meters.
1796 - First Coalition: Napoleon Bonaparte enters Milan in triumph.
1800 - King George III of the United Kingdom survives an assassination attempt by James Hadfield.
1811 - Paraguay declares itself independent from Spain.
1849 - Troops of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies take Palermo and crush the republican government of Sicily.
1850 - The Bloody Island Massacre takes place in Lake County, California.
A large number of Pomo Native Americans are slaughtered by the regiment of the United States Cavalry.
1851 - The first Australian gold rush is proclaimed, although the gold was discovered three months earlier.
1858 - Opening of the present Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.
1860 - Battle of Calatafilmi in Sicily: Giuseppe Garibaldi's "Red Shirts" defeat the Army of the Kingdom of Naples.
1869 - In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Women's Suffrage Association.
1904 - Russo-Japanese War: The Russian minelayer Amur lays a minefield about 15 miles off Port Arthur, China, and sinks Japanese ships Hatsuse and Yashima.
1904 - The cruiser "Yoshino" collides with armored cruiser "Kasaga" to the east of China and sinks, killing 329 out of the 419 people on board.
1905 - Las Vegas is founded when 110 acres (0.45 square kilometers), in what later becomes the downtown area, are auctioned off.
1910 - The German football club FC St. Pauli is founded.
It is based in Hamburg.
1919 - The Winnipeg Strike begins.
By 11:00am, almost the whole working population of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, had walked off the job.
1919 - The Greek invasion of Smyrna (now Izmir, Turkey) occurs, in which the Greek army kills over 350 Turks.
Those responsible are punishes by Greek commander Aristiades Stergiades.
1926 - The New York Rangers ice hockey team is founded.
1928 - Walt Disney character Mickey Mouse makes his first appearance in the cartoon "Plane Crazy".
1929 - A fire at a clinic in Cleveland, Ohio, kills 123 people.
1932 - Prime Minister of Japan Inukai Tsuyoshi is killed in a coup attempt.
1934 - Karlis Ulmanis creates an authoritarian government in Latvia.
1935 - The Moscow Metro is opened to the public.
1940 - World War II: After fierce fighting, the poorly-trained and equipped Dutch surrender to Germany, beginning five years of occupation.
1940 - McDonald's opens its first restaurant in San Bernardino, California.
1945 - World War II: The Battle of Poljana is fought in Slovenia, as the last battle in Europe during the war.
1948 - The Kingdom of Egypt, Transjordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia all declare war on the newly declared State of Israel.
1951 - Polish writer Czeslaw Milosz asks the government of France for political asylum.
1955 - Austria regains its independence.
1955 - Lionel Terray and Jean Couzy of France climb Makalu in the Himalayas.
It is the world's 5th-highest mountain.
1957 - At Malden Island in the Pacific Ocean, the United Kingdom tests its first hydrogen bomb in Operation Grapple.
1958 - The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 3.
1960 - The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 4.
1963 - Project Mercury: The launch of the final Mercury mission, Mercury-Atlas 9, with L. Gordon Cooper on board, is successful.
He is the first American to spend more than a day in space.
1966 - After a policy dispute, Prime Minister Nguyen Cao Ky of South Vietnam's ruling junta, launches a military attack on the forces of General Ton That Dinh, forcing him to abandon his command.
1970 - US President Richard Nixon appoints Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington as the first female United States Army generals.
1972 - The US returns Okinawa to Japanese control.
1972 – Governor George Wallace of Alabama is shot by Arthur H. Bremer at a Laurel, Maryland political rally.
1974 - Ma'a lot massacre: Members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine attack and take hostages at an Israeli school, killing 31 people, including 22 schoolchildren.
1974 - Walter Scheel is elected President of the Federal Republic of Germany, a post he takes up on July 1.
1980 - West Germany's National Olympic Committee decides to join the United States in boycotting the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
1988 - The Soviet Army begins its withdrawal from Afghanistan.
1990 - The Vincent van Gogh painting A Portrait of Dr. Gachet sells for 82.5 million US Dollars, a then-record for a work of art sold at auction.
1991 - Edith Cresson becomes the first female Prime Minister of France.
1997 - The US acknowledges a "Secret War" in Laos.
2004 – South Africa is announced as the host of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
2004 - Ruslana, representing Ukraine, wins the 49th Eurovision Song Contest in Istanbul, Turkey.
2008 - California legalizes same-sex marriage.
2010 - Jessica Watson becomes the then-youngest person to sail single-handedly around the world.
2012 - François Hollande becomes President of France, replacing Nicolas Sarkozy.
2013 - An upsurge in violence in Iraq kills 389 people in three days.
2014 - US President Barack Obama opens a 9/11 memorial museum.
2016 - Max Verstappen becomes the youngest-ever driver to win a Formula One race.
2017 - French President Emmanuel Macron names Edouard Philippe as Prime Minister of France.
1397 - Sejong the Great, Korean King (d. 1450)
1567 – Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (d. 1643)
1689 - Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, English author (d. 1762)
1720 - Maximilian Hell, Hungarian astronomer (d. 1792)
1749 - Levi Lincoln, Sr.,
American lawyer and politician (d. 1820)
1764 - Johann Nepomuk Kalcher, German organist and composer (d. 1827)
1767 - Ezekiel Hart, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1843)
1773 - Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, German-Austrian statesman (d. 1859)
1817 - Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (d. 1905)
1827 - Knud Bergslien, Norwegian painter (d. 1908)
1838 - Nicolae Grigorescu, Romanian painter (d. 1907)
1841 - James Henderson Berry, American politician, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1913)
1842 - Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria (d. 1919)
1845 - Jan Czerski, Polish-Russian scientist (d. 1892)
1845 - Ilya Mechnikov, Russian zoologist and immunologist (d. 1916)
1848 - Viktor Vasnetsov, Russian painter (d. 1926)
1854 - Ioannes Psycharis, Ukrainian-French philologist and author (d. 1929)
1856 - L. Frank Baum, American author (d. 1919)
1856 - Matthias Zurbriggen, Swiss mountaineer (d. 1917)
1857 - Williamina Fleming, Scottish-American astronomer (d. 1911)
1859 – Pierre Curie, French physicist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1906)
1860 – Ellen Louise Wilson, American First Lady, wife of Woodrow Wilson (d. 1914)
1862 – Arthur Schnitzler, Austrian dramatist (d. 1931)
1863 - Frank Hornby, English businessman and politician, inventor of Meccano (d. 1936)
1867 - Hjalmar Johansen, Norwegian explorer (d. 1913)
1867 - Henry Stuart Jones, British classical philologist and historian (d. 1939)
1869 - Paul Probst, Swiss target shooter (d. 1945)
1873 - Pavlo Skoropadskiy, Ukrainian politician (d. 1945)
1873 - Nikolai Tcherepnin, Russian composer (d. 1945)
1890 - Katherine-Anne Porter, American journalist and author (d. 1980)
1891 – Mikhail Bulgakov, Russian writer (d. 1940)
1891 - Fritz Feigl, Austrian-Brazilian chemist (d. 1971)
1892 - Charles E. Rosendahl, American admiral (d. 1977)
1892 - Jimmy Wilde, Welsh boxer (d. 1969)
1895 – Astrid Zachrison, Swedish supercentenarian, oldest Swedish person on record (d. 2008)
1895 - Prescott Bush, American politician (d. 1972)
1895 - William D. Byron, American politician (d. 1941)
1898 - Arletty, French actress, model and singer (d. 1992)
1898 - Richard W. Leche, American politician, Governor of Louisiana (d. 1965)
1901 - Luis Monti, Argentine-Italian footballer (d. 1983)
1902 - Richard J. Daley, 48th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1976)
1903 – Maria Reiche, German mathematician and archaeologist (d. 1998)
1904 - Clifton Fadiman, American game show host and author (d. 1999)
1905 - Joseph Cotten, American actor (d. 1994)
1905 - Abraham Zapruder, American businessman (d. 1970)
1907 - Sukhdev Thapar, Indian activist (d. 1931)
1908 – Joe Grant, American writer and animator (d. 2005)
1909 - James Mason, English actor, producer and screenwriter (d. 1984)
1909 - Clara Solovera, Chilean singer-songwriter (d. 1992)
1910 - Constance Cummings, English actress (d. 2005)
1911 – Max Frisch, Swiss writer (d. 1991)
1911 - Herta Oberheuser, German Nazi physician (d. 1978)
1914 - Turk Broda, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1972)
1914 - Angus MacLean, Canadian politician, 25th Premier of Prince Edward Island (d. 2000)
1915 - Paul Samuelson, American economist (d. 2009)
1915 - Gus Viseur, Belgian-French accordion player (d. 1974)
1918 - Eddy Arnold, American singer (d. 2008)
1918 - Joseph Wiseman, Canadian actor (d. 2009)
1920 - Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Lebanese religious leader
1923 - Richard Avedon, American photographer (d. 2004)
1923 - John Lanchbery, English-Australian composer and conductor (d. 2003)
1924 - Maria Koepcke, German-Peruvian ornithologist (d. 1971)
1925 - Horacio Guarany, Argentine singer and writer (d. 2017)
1925 - Mary F. Lyon, English geneticist (d. 2014)
1925 - Carl Sanders, American politician, 74th Governor of Georgia (d. 2014)
1925 - Andrei Eshpai, Russian composer (d. 2015)
1926 - Anthony Shaffer, British screenwriter (d. 2001)
1926 - Peter Shaffer, British dramatist (d. 2016)
1929 - Frank Heart, American computer engineer (d. 2018)
1930 - Jasper Johns, American artist
1932 - John Glen, British director
1932 - Chavalit Yongchaiyudh, former Prime Minister of Thailand
1935 - Don Bragg, American pole vaulter
1935 - Akihiro Miwa, Japanese singer, actor, director and composer
1935 - Utah Phillips, American singer-songwriter (d. 2008)
1936 - Anna Maria Alberghetti, Italian-American actress and singer
1936 - Wavy Gravy, American activist
1936 - Ralph Steadman, British caricaturist, cartoonist and illustrator
1937 – Madeleine Albright, 64th United States Secretary of State
1937 - Ted Dabney, American electrical engineer (d. 2018)
1937 - Trini Lopez, American singer and actor
1938 - Mireille Darc, French actress (d. 2017)
1940 - Don Nelson, American basketball player and coach
1940 - Roger Ailes, American television executive (Fox News) (d. 2017)
1942 - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland
1942 - Lois Johnson, American country music singer (d. 2014)
1942 - Jusuf Kalla, 10th Vice President of Indonesia
1942 - Doug Lowe, Australian politician, 35th Premier of Tasmania
1943 - Pierre Bégin, Canadian politician
1944 - Ulrich Beck, German sociologist (d. 2015)
1945 - Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, Portuguese nobleman
1946 - Aly Bain, Scottish fiddler
1947 - Paulo de Carvalho, Portuguese singer
1948 - Valentina Gerasimova, Kazakhstani middle-distance runner
1948 – Brian Eno, English musician and record producer
1948 – Kathleen Sebelius, American politician
1951 - Frank Wilczek, American mathematician and physicist
1951 - Dennis Frederiksen, American musician (d. 2014)
1952 - Chazz Palminteri, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1952 - Phil Seymour, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1993)
1953 - Mike Oldfield, British musician
1953 - Franco Selvaggi, Italian footballer
1953 - Amy Holland, American actress
1953 - George Brett, American baseball player
1955 – Claudia Roth, German politician
1955 - El Gran Wyoming, Spanish humorist, actor, musician, writer and presenter
1955 - Mohamed Brahmi, Tunisian politician (d. 2013)
1955 - Lia Vissi, Greek singer
1957 - Meg Gardiner, American crime fiction writer
1957 - John Mason, Scottish politician
1959 - Beverly Jo Scott, American-Belgian singer-songwriter
1959 - Ronald Pofalla, German politician
1961 - Katrin Cartlidge, British actress (d. 2002)
1963 - Brenda Bakke, American actress
1963 - Grant Heslov, American actor and producer
1964 - Lars Lokke Rasmussen, 40th Prime Minister of Denmark
1966 - Gianluca Buonanno, Italian politician (d. 2016)
1966 - Orla Guerin, Irish journalist
1966 - Greg Wise, English actor and producer
1967 - Madhuri Dixit, Indian actress
1967 - Orlando Zapata, Cuban activist (d. 2010)
1968 - Seth Putnam, American musician (d. 2011)
1968 - Sophie Raworth, British journalist and broadcaster
1968 - Cecilia Malmström, Swedish politician
1970 - Frank de Boer, Dutch footballer
1970 - Ronald de Boer, Dutch footballer
1970 - Saira Khan, English businesswoman
1972 - Danny Alexander, Scottish politician
1972 - David Charvet, French actor and singer
1972 - André Segatti, Brazilian actor and model
1974 - Vassilis Kikilias, Greek basketball player and politician
1976 - Jacek Krzynowek, Polish footballer
1978 - Eduardo César Gaspar, Brazilian footballer
1978 - David Krumholtz, American actor
1979 - Adolfo Bautista, Mexican footballer
1979 - Li Yanfeng, Chinese discus thrower
1979 – Dominic Scott, Irish guitarist
1979 - Renato Dirnei Florencio, Brazilian footballer
1980 – Josh Beckett, American baseball player
1981 – Patrice Evra, French footballer
1981 - Zara Phillips, British royal and equestrian
1981 - Justin Morneau, Canadian baseball player
1981 - Jamie-Lynn Sigler, American actress
1982 - Veronica Campbell-Brown, Jamaican sprinter
1982 - Jessica Sutta, American singer-songwriter, dancer and actress (Pussycat Dolls)
1984 - Alex Brooker, English comedian and television presenter
1985 - Cristiane, Brazilian footballer
1986 - Matias Fernandez, Chilean footballer
1986 - Adam Moffat, Scottish footballer
1987 – Andy Murray, Scottish tennis player
1987 - Leonardo Mayer, Argentine tennis player
1988 - Jessica Falkholt, Australian actress (d. 2018)
1989 - James Holland, Australian footballer
1989 - Sunny, American-South Korean singer, dancer and actress (Girls' Generation)
1990 - Lee Jong-hyun, South Korean singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor
1991 - Jennifer Hof, German model
1993 - Mahfizur Rahman Sagor, Bangladeshi swimmer
1995 - Ksenia Sitnik, Belarussian singer
1996 - Birdy, English singer
1997 - Ousmane Dembélé, French footballer
392 - Valentinian II, Roman emperor (b. 371)
1036 – Emperor Go-Ichijo of Japan
1157 - Yuri Dolgorukiy, Russian prince (b. 1099)
1470 – Charles VIII of Sweden
1585 – Niwa Nagahide, Japanese retainer, samurai, and daimyo (b. 1535)
1609 - Giovanni Croce, Italian composer (b. 1557)
1634 – Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (b. 1585)
1700 - John Hale, American minister (b. 1636)
1740 – Ephraim Chambers, English encyclopaedist (b. 1680)
1782 – Marquis of Pombal, Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1699)
1845 - Braulio Carrillo Colina, Costa Rican statesman (b. 1800)
1879 - Gottfried Semper, German architect and educator (b. 1803)
1886 – Emily Dickinson, American poet (b. 1830)
1919 - Hasan Tahsan, Turkish nationalist journalist (b. 1888)
1924 - Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, French diplomat and politician (b. 1852)
1928 - Umegatani Totaro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1845)
1932 - Inukai Tsuyoshi, Prime Minister of Japan
1935 - Kazimir Malevich, Ukrainian-Russian painter (b. 1878)
1937 – Phillip Snowden, British politician (b. 1864)
1945 - Charles Williams, British author, poet and critic (b. 1886)
1945 - Kenneth J. Alford, British composer (b. 1881)
1948 – Father Edward Flanagan, priest, founder of Boys Town
1956 – Austin Osman Spare, magician (b. 1886)
1967 – Edward Hopper, American painter (b. 1882)
1969 - Joe Malone, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1890)
1971 – Sir Tyrone Guthrie, director, producer, and writer (b. 1900)
1978 - Robert Menzies, 12th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1894)
1980 - Johann Hafstein, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1915)
1984 - Francis Schaeffer, American theologian, philosopher and pastor (b. 1912)
1986 - Elio de Angelis, Italian racing driver (b. 1958)
1986 – Theodore H. White, writer (b. 1915)
1991 - Ronald Lacey, English actor (b. 1935)
1993 - Salah Ahmed Ibrahim, Sudanese poet and diplomat (b. 1933)
1994 – Gilbert Roland, Mexican actor (b. 1904)
1995 – Eric Porter, British actor (b. 1928)
1996 – Charles B. Fulton, American jurist (b. 1910)
1998 – Earl Manigault, American basketball player (b. 1944)
1998 - Naim Talu, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1919)
2003 – June Carter Cash, American musician and singer (b. 1929)
2003 – George Francis, British mobster
2003 – Rik Van Steenbergen, Belgian cyclist
2005 – Les Bartley, National Lacrosse League coach (b. 1954)
2007 - Jerry Falwell, American pastor (b. 1933)
2007 - Yolanda King, American activist (b. 1955)
2008 – Astrid Zachrison, Swedish supercentenarian, oldest Swedish person on record (b. 1895)
2008 – Tommy Burns, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1956)
2009 - Wayman Tisdale, American basketball player (b. 1964)
2010 - Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, Vice President of India (b. 1923)
2010 - John Shepherd-Barron, Scottish inventor (b. 1925)
2010 – Besian Idrizaj, Austrian footballer (b. 1987)
2011 - Samuel Wanjiru, Kenyan runner (b. 1986)
2012 - Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer (b. 1928)
2012 - Zakaria Mohieddin, 33rd Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1918)
2013 - Henrique Rosa, acting President of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1946)
2014 - Jean-Luc Dehaene, 63rd Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1940)
2015 - Corey Hill, American mixed martial artist (b. 1978)
2015 - Carlos Maggi, Uruguayan writer (b. 1922)
2015 - John Stephenson, American actor (b. 1923)
2015 - Garo Yepremian, Cypriot-born American football player (b. 1944)
2015 - Donald Wrye, American film director (b. 1934)
2015 - Jackie Brookner, American artist (b. 1945)
2016 - Erika Berger, German television presenter and author (b. 1930)
2016 - Clovis Maksoud, American diplomat, journalist and educator (b. 1926)
2016 - Cauby Peixoto, Brazilian singer and actor (b. 1931)
2016 - Michael Roberds, Canadian actor (b. 1964)
2016 - Marion Tournon-Branly, French architect (b. 1924)
2017 - Karl-Otto Apel, German philosopher (b. 1922)
2017 - Chu Ke-liang, Taiwanese actor (b. 1946)
2017 - Nasser Givehchi, Iranian wrestler (b. 1932)
2017 - Neil Rolde, American historian and politician (b. 1931)
2017 - Oleg Vidov, Russian-American actor (b. 1943)
2017 - Ian Brady, British serial killer (Moors murders) (b. 1938)
2017 - Thomas James Kinsman, American soldier (b. 1945)
2017 - Bob Kuzava, American baseball player (b. 1923)
2018 - Jlloyd Samuel, Trinidadian footballer (b. 1981)
2018 - Ray Wilson, English footballer (b. 1934)
International Day of conscientious objectors
Independence Day (Paraguay)
Nakba Day (Palestinian Community)
Army Day (Slovenia)
Teacher's Day (Mexico and South Korea)
Constituent Assembly Day (Lithuania)
218 – Elagabalus is proclaimed Roman Emperor.
1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
1527 – The Florentines drive out the Medici for a second time and Florence re-establishes a republic.
1532 – Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England.
1568 – Mary, Queen of Scots, flees to England.
1584 - Santiago de Vera becomes the 6th Governor-General of the Spanish colony of the Philippines.
1605 – Paul V becomes Pope.
1702 – The city of Uppsala in Sweden is destroyed by fire.
1770 – 14-year old Marie Antoinette marries 15-year-old Louis-Auguste who later becomes king of France.
1771 - Battle of Alamance, a pre-American Revolutionary War battle between local militia and a group of rebels called the "Regulators" occurs in present-day Alamance County, North Carolina.
1777 – Lachlan McIntosh and Button Gwinnett shoot each other during a duel near Savannah, Georgia.
Gwinnett, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, dies three days later.
1811 – Peninsular War: Spain, the UK and Portugal defeat France in the Battle of Albuera.
1812 - Russian field marshal Mikhail Kutuzov signs the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the Russo-Turkish War.
Bessarabia, mainly covering present-day Moldova, is annexed by Imperial Russia.
1843 – The first major wagon train heading for the Northwest sets out with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri on the Oregon Trail.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Champion Hill - Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant defeat Confederate forces under John C. Pemberton.
1866 – The U.S. Congress eliminates the half dime coin and replaces it with the five cent piece, or nickel (coin).
1866 – Charles Elmer Hires invents root beer.
1868 – President Andrew Johnson is acquitted during his impeachment trial, by one vote in the United States Senate.
1874 - A flood on the Mill River in Massachusetts destroys most of four villages, killing 139 people.
1887 - In Washington, DC, Emil Berliner demonstrates the gramophone.
1888 - Nikola Tesla delivers a lecture describing the equipment which will allow efficient generation and use of alternating currents to transmit electrical power over long distances.
1910 – The U.S. Congress authorizes the creation of the United States Bureau of Mines.
1918 – The Sedition Act is passed by the U.S. Congress, making criticism of the government a jailable offense.
1919 – United States Navy Naval Curtiss aircraft NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read leaves Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight.
1920 – In Rome, Pope Benedict XV canonizes Joan of Arc as a saint.
1929 – In Hollywood, California, the first Academy Awards are handed out.
1932 - On the return from its first voyage, French luxury steamer Georges Philippar catches fire in the Gulf of Aden, killing 54 people.
1938 – A fire at the Terminal Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia, kills 35 people.
1943 – The Holocaust: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ends.
1943 – World War II: The Dambuster Raids by RAF 617 Squadron on German dams.
1948 – Chaim Weizmann is elected as the first President of Israel.
1960 – Nikita Khrushchev demands an apology from US President Dwight D. Eisenhower for U-2 spy plane flights over the Soviet Union thus ending a Big Four summit in Paris.
1960 – Theodore Maiman operates the first optical laser.
1961 - Park Chung-hee leads a coup in South Korea.
1966 – Two extremely influential rock albums are released on the same day: Bob Dylan's Blonde on Blonde and The Beach Boys' Pet Sounds.
1969 – Venera program: Venera 5, a Soviet space probe, lands on Venus.
1974 – Helmut Schmidt is chosen to succeed Willy Brandt as Chancellor of Germany.
1975 – India annexes Sikkim after the mountain state held a referendum where popular vote was in favour of merging with India.
1975 – Junko Tabei becomes the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
1983 - The Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement rebels against the Sudanese government.
1988 – A report by American Surgeon General C. Everett Koop states that the addictive properties of nicotine are similar to those of heroin and cocaine.
1991 - Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom becomes the first monarch to speak in front of the United States Congress.
1992 – STS-49: Space Shuttle Endeavour lands safely after a successful maiden voyage.
1995 – The leader of Aum Shinrikyo, Shoko Asahara, is arrested for his role in the Sarin Gas Attack on the Tokyo subway.
1997 - Zaire leader Mobutu Sese Seko flees the country.
Soon after, the country is renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
2002 – Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones opens in cinemas.
2003 - Four suicide bombs explode in Casablanca, Morocco, killing over 40 people.
2005 – Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith premieres in London.
2005 – Kuwait permits women's suffrage in a 35-23 National Assembly vote.
2005 – Sony's PlayStation 3 video game console is shown at a press conference (E3).
2007 – Nicolas Sarkozy becomes President of France, succeeding Jacques Chirac.
2007 - Alex Salmond becomes First Minister of Scotland.
He is the first leader of the Scottish National Party to take this post.
2009 – In Moscow, Alexander Rybak wins the 54th Eurovision Song Contest for Norway, scoring a record number of points under the then-existing scoring system, 387.
2011 - The final flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour begins.
2013 - The Spanish language Wikipedia passes the milestone of a million articles.
2014 - The opposition Bharatiya Janata Party, under Narendra Modi, wins India's elections, achieving an overall parliamentary majority and defeating the ruling Indian National Congress.
1418 - John II of Cyprus (died 1458)
1490 – Albert of Prussia, first duke of Prussia (died 1568)
1540 - Paschal Baylon, Spanish friar and saint (died 1592)
1578 - Everard Digby, English conspirator (died 1606)
1611 – Pope Innocent XI (died 1689)
1641 - Dudley North, English economist and politician (died 1691)
1678 – Andreas Silbermann, organ builder (died 1734)
1710 - William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot, English politician (died 1782)
1718 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician (died 1799)
1763 – Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, French chemist (died 1829)
1776 - Luigi Lambruschini, Italian cardinal (died 1854)
1788 - Friedrich Rückert, German poet, translator and orientalist (died 1866)
1801 – William H. Seward, 24th United States Secretary of State and 12th Governor of New York (died 1872)
1805 - Alexander Burnes, Scottish explorer (died 1841)