the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Mary would be there, for she was Anne's lady in waiting.
All three of the Boleyns were very close.
George Boleyn had a very close relationship with his sister Anne.
He was also close with his other sister, but Mary focused more on her family with her husband (William Stafford).
George and Anne's downfall happened when Henry VIII accused them of incest.
Mary Boleyn was not with them at the time of their exile.
She chose to hide because of her children.
If she had not hidden herself, she too would have been killed.
It was likely a false charge by Henry VIII so he could get rid of Anne Boleyn.
George's wife claimed that George and Anne had an affair.
At her own execution, Lady Jane Rochford claimed that "God has permitted me to suffer this shameful doom as punishment for having contributed to my husband's death.
I falsely accused him of loving in an incestuous manner, his sister, Queen Anne Boleyn.
For this I deserve to die."
Tsitsernakaberd () is a memorial for the victims of the Armenian Genocide.
It is on a hill overlooking Yerevan, Armenia.
Every year on April 24, Armenians gather here to remember the victims of the 1915 Armenian Genocide that took place in the Ottoman Empire carried out by the Turkish government.
In 1965 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Genocide after a million people demonstrated for 24 hours; the demonstrations are now known as the 1965 Yerevan Demonstrations.
In response, the genocide memorial construction began in 1966 and it was completed in 1968.
In Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, crowds of people walk to the Tsitsernakaberd Genocide Memorial to lay flowers at the eternal flame.
Montebello Genocide Memorial
Marseille Genocide Memorial
Genocide Remembrance Day
Mary Boleyn (about 1499 – 19 July 1543) was the older sister of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII.
They had a brother named George Boleyn.
There have been many stories and books about Mary Boleyn, so historians are not sure what is true about her.
Mary was born some time between 1500 and 1507 at Blickling Hall in Norfolk.
Her parents were Sir Thomas Boleyn and Lady Elizabeth Howard.
While her parents had her sister Anne educated at the court of Margaret of Austria, Mary was probably educated at home.
She had a well-rounded education for a woman in the 1500s.
Among Mary's other skills, she could speak French.
In 1514, Mary's father got her a job as maid of honor to Mary Tudor, the sister of King Henry VIII.
Mary Tudor was going to be married to King Louis XII of France.
Mary and the other maids traveled with Mary Tudor to France, where Mary Tudor was married.
Only a few months after the wedding, however, King Louis died and Francis I became king.
Mary Tudor went back to England but Mary Boleyn stayed in France.
There were rumours that Mary Boleyn became King Francis's mistress, but some historians think the rumours may not be true.
They think the rumours may have been about trying to make the Boleyn family look bad so Henry VIII could divorce Anne Boleyn.
Marriage and mistress
In 1519, Mary went back to England to marry William Carey.
Soon, she became King Henry VIII's mistress.
Some historians think that King Henry was the father of Mary's two children, Catherine Carey and Henry Carey, but it is also possible that her husband William Carey was their father.
Mary was Henry VIII's mistress for years, possibly until as late as 1526.
After Mary's husband died, she had money problems.
Her sister Anne took Mary's son Henry as her ward and paid for his education.
In 1526, Mary married again.
She married a soldier named William Stafford without her family's permission.
Anne and the rest of Mary's family were angry with her.
Mary and Stafford had one child, but historians do not know what happened to him or her.
After Anne and George Boleyn were executed, Mary's parents began to speak to her again.
After her father and grandmother died, they left Mary half the Boleyn property.
But Mary Boleyn had to fight for it in law court.
Mary died in Rochford Hall in 1543.
A cubic centimetre (symbol cm³ or cc) (U.S. spelling: cubic centimeter) is a commonly used unit of volume extending the derived SI-unit cubic metre and corresponds to the volume of a cube measuring 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm.
One cubic centimetre corresponds to a volume of  of a cubic metre, or  of a litre; therefore, 1 cm³ = 1 mL. In many scientific fields, the use of cubic centimetres has been replaced by the millilitre.
The medical and automotive fields are two of the few fields wherein the term cubic centimetre was never discontinued in the United States.
In the United Kingdom millilitres are used in preference to cubic centimetres in the medical field.
sv:Liter#Milliliter
The geometric albedo of an astronomical body is the ratio of its actual brightness at zero phase angle (i.e. as seen from the light source) to that of an idealized flat, fully reflecting, diffusively scattering (Lambertian) disk with the same cross-section.
"Welcome to the Black Parade" is the first single and fifth track from My Chemical Romance's third studio album, The Black Parade.
It was released on September 11, 2006 on iTunes and October 9, 2006 on CD.
It is the band's ninth single.
The studio version was available on MySpace on September 2, 2006.
The song became the group's first number one in the UK on October 15, 2006, and later rose to number one on the Modern Rock Tracks on October 26, 2006, where it would stay for seven weeks.
It was originally intended to be called "The Five Of Us Are Dying."
"Welcome to the Black Parade" sound track at The Black Parade official website
Remembrance Day (in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom) is a day to remember people who fought and died in wars.
It is on November 11.
On that day in 1918 came the end of World War I with Armistice with Germany.
Remembrance Day was started in 1919 by King George V of the United Kingdom.
On the same day, other countries also have days to remember war and soldiers.
There is Veteran's Day in the United States,  and Armistice Day in France, Belgium, New Zealand and other countries.
There are some things that people do on Remembrance Day at 11:00 AM.
That is when World War I ended.
At a ceremony for Remembrance Day, a tune called "The Last Post" is played on a bugle (or sometimes a trumpet).
Then there are two minutes of silence.
At the end of the silence, the bugle plays a tune called "Reveille".
In many countries, many people wear a poppy on Remembrance Day, and for a few days before.
The remembrance poppy is an artificial flower to commemorate those who died in war.
People bring wreaths made of poppies to Remembrance Day ceremonies.
The poppy is a symbol to show they remember the wars and the soldiers who fought in them.
Poppies were chosen as a symbol because they often grew in battlefields after the soldiers stopped fighting.
This article discusses taxonomy.
For a different meaning in biology, see cell division.
In biology, a division is the equivalent of a phylum in a kingdom.
Botanists use the word "division" where zoologists use the word "phylum".
Carroll, Robert L. 1988.
Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
New York: W.H. Freeman. .
Milner, Andrew.
1988. "
The relationships and origin of living amphibians."
In M.J. Benton (ed.),
The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, pp.
59–102.
Leona Lewis (born 3 April 1985) is a British actress and singer-songwriter.
Lewis first became famous when she won a television talent contest in Britain called The X Factor.
When she won The X Factor in 2006, Lewis got a £1 million contract to make more music.
She then released a song, as part of The X Factor contract, called A Moment Like This which was the number 1 song in the charts at Christmas after selling 571,253 copies in the shops and on download.
Lewis then released her second song on 22 October 2007 called Bleeding Love which was the number 1 song again in Britain, and also reached number 1 in the United States.
It sold 218,805 copies in the first week of release.
She released her first album called Spirit in November 2007.
Her second album is Echo, which was released 9 November 2009.
Her first concert tour called The Labyrinth was in 2010.
Her songs include Better in Time and Bleeding Love.
Official MySpace
Singer-songwriters from London
The X Factor winners
Trinny Woodall first became famous when she presented a reality show called What Not to Wear with Susannah Constantine on the BBC.
She then was on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 2004 and helped American people with their clothes and appearance.
She then presented Trinny & Susannah Undress on ITV in 2006 and Trinny & Susannah Undress The Nation in 2007.
She has also written lots of fashion books with Constantine in Britain and America which have been made into many languages.
Their first major book, What Not to Wear, sold 670,000 copies and won a British Book Award.
Ready 2 Dress: How to Have Style Without Following Fashion, Weidenfeld Nicolson (February 14, 2000) ()
What Not to Wear, Weidenfeld Nicolson (September 5, 2002) ()
What Not to Wear: The Rules, Weidenfeld Nicolson (June 1, 2004) ()
What Not to Wear: For Every Occasion, Weidenfeld Nicolson (June 1, 2004) ()
What You Wear Can Change Your Life, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (September 17, 2004) ()
What Your Clothes Say About You, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (September 29, 2005) ()
Trinny and Susannah: The Survival Guide, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, (September 20,  2006) ()
Trinny & Susannah Take on America: What Your Clothes Say about You, HarperCollins Publishers (October 2006) ()
The Body Shape Bible, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (September 18,  2007) ()
Trinny and Susannah's official website
Susannah Caroline Constantine (born June 3, 1962) is an English television presenter, fashion expert, author and journalist.
In her early career, Constantine worked with famous fashion designers like John Galliano.
She met Trinny Woodall in 1994 at a party and wrote about fashion in a newspaper called The Telegraph.
Susannah Constantine also dated the member of the British royal family, David, Viscount Linley, in the 1980s.
Constantine and Woodall became famous when they presented a reality show in Britain called What Not to Wear.
In 2002, they won a Royal Television Award for being the best presenters.
In 2006 Constantine hosted another fashion show on ITV called Trinny & Susannah Undress.
She has also been on The Oprah Winfrey Show with Trinny Woodall, and helped women with their clothes.
They have made many fashion books which have been successful in America and Britain, and have been translated into many languages.
It is thought that the books have sold 2.5 million copies around the world.
Trinny & Susannah Undress  at itv.com
Dame Anna Wintour DBE (born 3 November 1949) is the English editor-in-chief of American Vogue, a position she has held since 1988.
Anna Wintour stopped going to school at 16 and started her career in fashion.
She worked on magazines in America called New York and Home & Garden.
She then went back to Britain and worked on a British magazine known as Vogue.
She later worked on the American version, making them both more popular and successful.
Wintour supports young fashion designers and is sometimes called "Nuclear Wintour" because of her demanding personality.
It is thought that Anna Wintour was the inspiration behind the demanding editor, Miranda Priestly, in the novel The Devil Wears Prada.
The author of the book, Lauren Weisberger, had worked as the personal assistant of Anna Wintour at Vogue.
It has been suggested that the setting and Priestly were based on Vogue and Wintour, but Weisberger denies this, and says that Wintour is given her own appearance near the end of the book.
They both have two children
They both serve on the board of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Miranda Priestly is a mean person who makes impossible demands of the people who work for her, and Wintour is also a very strict boss.
Before the book started selling, Wintour told the New York Times, "I always enjoy a great piece of fiction.
I haven't decided whether I am going to read it or not."
It is also said that a character in the TV series of Ugly Betty is based on Wintour.
The character Fey Sommers, is very similar to Anna Wintour:
They both have a bob haircut
They both wear sunglasses indoors
Their surnames are both homophones for seasons (Sommers=Summer, Wintour=Winter)
They were both targeted by animal rights activists for using fur in their fashion
Both Sommers and Wintour were involved in some way with fashion magazines. (
Sommers with MODE, Wintour with Vogue).
Wintour is also mentioned in Ugly Betty when Wilhelmina Slater is going to get a better job at MODE (the magazine) after Bradford Meade is arrested.
She does not accept a lunch invitation from Anna Wintour, saying she should have called back in 1998, not 2007.
Wintour has been a supporter of the Democratic Party going back to Hillary Clinton's 2000 Senate run and John Kerry's 2004 presidential run and serving Barack Obama's 2008 and 2012 presidential runs as a lot of contributions.
In 2008 and 2012, she co-hosted fundraisers with Sarah Jessica Parker, the latter being a 50-person, $40,000-a-plate dinner at Parker's West Village town house with Meryl Streep, Michael Kors, and Trey Laird, an advertising executive, among the attendees.
She has also teamed with Calvin Klein and Harvey Weinstein on fundraisers during Obama's first term and Donna Karan has been amongst the attendees.
From 1871 it was part of the German Empire, and after World War I it became part of the Weimar Republic.
Its capital was the city of Dresden, and its modern successor state is the Free State of Saxony.
Before 1806 Saxony was the Electorate of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire.
This meant that the princes who ruled Saxony were prince-elector and could help elect a new Holy Roman Emperor.
When Emperor Francis II was defeated by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz and the empire was dissolved  the electorate became an independent kingdom.
The last elector of Saxony became King Frederick Augustus I.
The Catholic ruler of Saxony was one of the few German leaders to support the French.
Saxony was put under Russian occupation and 40% of the Kingdom, including the historically significant Wittenberg, home of the Protestant Reformation, was taken by Prussia, but Frederick Augustus was allowed back to rule the remainder of his kingdom, which still included the major cities of Dresden and Leipzig.
The Kingdom also joined the German Confederation, the new organization of the German states to replace the Holy Roman Empire.
The Austro-Prussian War and the German Empire
During the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, Saxony sided with Austria.
The Saxon army was the only large army to help Austria.
At the peace talks Austria said Saxony should not be punished.
The  other states in north Germany including the large Kingdom of Hanover were annexed (taken over) by Prussia after the war.
These states had promised help to Austria but did little, so Austria did not try to help them at the peace talks.
Saxony joined the Prussian-led North German Confederation the next year in 1867.
When Prussia beat  France in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, the Confederation was turned into the German Empire by Otto von Bismarck, with Wilhelm I as its Emperor.
John I, as Saxony's king, was below the Emperor, although he, like the other German princes, kept some of the rights of a sovereign ruler, including sending ambassadors  other states.
The end of the kingdom
Wilhelm I's grandson Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated in 1918 after  Germany's defeat in the First World War.
King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony followed him into abdication and the Kingdom of Saxony became the Free State of Saxony inside the newly-formed Weimar Republic.
The Kingdom of Saxony had lasted only 112 years.
1800s establishments in Germany
1806 establishments in Europe
In the reshuffle of Ernestine territories after the death of the Saxe-Gothaducal line in 1825, Saxe-Meiningen got the territories of Hildburghausen and Saalfeld.
The state of Saxe-Meiningen was merged into the new state of Thuringia in 1920.
The capital of Saxe-Meiningen was Meiningen; it had an area of 2,468 km² and a population of 269,000 (1905).
The summer residence was Altenstein.
Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen
Bernhard I (1675 – 1706)
Ernst Ludwig I (1706 – 24), son of Bernhard I
Ernst Ludwig II (1724 – 29), son of Ernst Ludwig I
Karl Frederick (1729 – 43), son of Ernst Ludwig I
Frederick Wilhelm (1743 – 1746), son of Bernhard I
Anton Ulrich (1746 – 63), Son of Bernhard I
Karl Wilhelm (1763 – 82), son of Anton Ulrich
Georg I (1782 – 1803), son of Anton Ulrich
Bernhard II (1803 – 66), son of Georg I
Georg II (1866 – 1914), son of Bernhard II
Bernhard III (1914 – 18), son of Georg II
Heads of the Ducal House of Saxe-Meiningen, post monarchy
Bernhard III (1918-1928)
Prince Georg (1928 – 46)
Prince Bernhard (1946 – 84)
Prince Frederick Konrad (1984 – present)
States of the German Empire
States of the North German Confederation
States of the Weimar Republic
1675 establishments
17th-century establishments in Germany
20th-century disestablishments in Germany
Eilenburg is a town in the north of the state of Saxony (eastern Germany).
The town lies on the banks of the river Mulde ca.
20 kilometres northeastern the city of Leipzig.
It belongs to the Nordsachsen Rural District and is subdivided into the urban districts Mitte, Ost and Berg (Stadtteile) and the villages Behlitz, Hainichen, Kospa, Pressen, Wedelwitz and Zschettgau (Ortsteile).
Eilenburg occupies  and has about 17.000 inhabitants as of 31 December 2009.
The castle of Eilenburg was first mentioned at 29 July 961 in a document by Otto I. as civitas Ilburg.
The name has Slavic origin and means town in clay deposits.
Probably in the 11th century there has developed a settlement of purchase people in the advance of the castle, that forms the origin of the today's town of Eilenburg.
In the 16th century Eilenburg was a centre of the reformation events.
Even George, Duke of Saxony, called this town a nominated place ("namhaftigen Ort").
Martin Luther was total seven times in Eilenburg and called it a blessed lard pit ("gesegnete Schmalzgrube").
It is passed that he took it into consideration to set here in the old.
The Thirty Years' War left hard mark in Eilenburg.
First the town was spared of fighting, but it already suffered from the catastrophic economic effects of the war.
From the year 1631 the town was directly involved in the war.
In 1632 the body of Gustav II Adolf, King of the Swedish, was laid out in Red Deer Inn ("Gasthof Roter Hirsch") after he had been killed in the Battle of Lützen the 16 November 1632.
In 1639 Eilenburg was conquered by the troops of Georg von Derfflinger.
In 1646 peace negotiations between Saxony and Sweden began in Eilenburg to extend the expiring Armistice of Kötzschenbroda.
The 14 September 1648 the Treaty of Eilenburg was made and meant the end of the Thirty Years' War for total Saxony.
Subsequently the town recovered.
The slow onset of economic recovery got a sudden end by the began of the Seven Years' War.
The city was occupied alternately by the Austrians and Prussians.
In the following Eilenburg turned into an impoverished and squandered town.
In the end of the 18th century the economy stagnated and Eilenburg became an insignificant town.
In 1813 during the Napoleonic wars shortly before the Battle of Leipzig Napoleon was in Eilenburg and took the last view on his and the allies Saxon troops eastern Eilenburg.
After Napoleon's defeat, Saxony had to cede large territory to Prussia under the provisions of the Congress of Vienna.
Eilenburg now belonging to the very modern Prussian state.
Thereby the transition of Eilenburg to an industrial city was advanced significantly.
Because of the founding of numerous textile factories Eilenburg next to Berlin became most important centre of Prussian textile production.
The ascent to an important industrial city came mainly from the nearby Saxony.
Saxon industrialists settled in Eilenburg for having duty-free access to the Prussian market.
Onset urbanization caused a rapid rising of the population.
The social tensions resulting from the industrialization and the huge growth of population promoted a strong labour movement.
In 1849 the health insurance support association ("Krankenkassenunterstützungsverein") was founded.
In 1850 the food association of Eilenburg ("Eilenburger Lebensmittelassociation") as first food cooperative of Germany and "Darlehnskassenverein" as first Credit union in Germany were founded.
Carl Degenkolb, owner of a factory in Eilenburg and member of Frankfurt Parliament, instituted first German works councils voluntarily at his factory.
In 1872 Eilenburg received its first railway.
The 30 June Halle-Eilenburg-Falkenberg route was opened.
Two years later transport services started on the new built Eilenburg-Leipzig route.
Industrial development continued rapidly by settlement of chemical, wood and metal processing industry.
The German Celluliod Factory ("Deutsche Celluliod-Fabrik") that settled in 1887 characterized the city's business for more than a hundred years.
During World War I hundreds of Eilenburg people were called up for military service.
The 21 October 1917 Wilhelm Pieck, the later President of GDR escaped from a military transport  at Eilenburg station.
Total about 800 people from Eilenburg were killed during the war.
About two weeks before the end of the World War II the city was almost completely destroyed.
April 1945 the American troops reached Eilenburg.
It was ordered defense to extremes.
Three days and three nights the town was under heavy artillery fire, that destroyed most of the buildings of the city.
The meaningless defense killed two hundred people, 90 percent of the City Centre (65 percent of the buildings of the whole city) were destroyed while the American associations had nearly no losses.
Eilenburg was one of the hardest destroyed cities in Germany.
The city centre was rebuilt in the 1950s.
In 1952 the city became the seat of the Eilenburg Rural District newly formed by the administrative reform in the GDR.
In the east part of Eilenburg large new housing areas emerged.
In autumn 1989 up to seven thousand inhabitants formed peaceful demonstrations reaching a change ("Wende") especially on political level.
After the German reunification some long-established companies got out of business.
Dismantling of jobs could only be partially offset by new business settlements on newly created industrial areas outside the city.
In 1994 Eilenburg Rural District got merged with Delitzsch Rural District in the course of district reform.
So the city lost the seat of district.
In 2002 Eilenburg was hit hard by flood of the river Mulde.
The thereby caused damages amounted to EUR 135 million.
The construction of flood protection facilities was intensified after the flood.
In 2008 the construction measures ended after investments amounting to EUR 35 million.
Eilenburg was the first city in Saxony that is completely protected against flood.
Since 1 August 2008 Eilenburg lies approximately in the middle of the newly formed Nordsachsen Rural District.
www.eilenburg.de
The Misfits were a punk rock band from New Jersey.
They are usually classified as a hardcore punk or horror punk band.
They often played in theatrical makeup to look spooky.
They had themes mostly from old movies, especially horror movies.
The lead singer was Glenn Danzig.
Danzig later formed Samhain and then Danzig.
Other members went on to form a new version of the Misfits in the late 2000s.
That version eventually included members of the Ramones and Black Flag.
The Misfits had many of their records released in limited collectible versions.
Sometimes they were released through their fan club called The Fiend Club.
They had a huge influence on everything from the way punk is marketed (the Misfits rival Kiss in marketing of their skull logo) to the many celebrities wearing their T shirts.
The Vistula (Polish: Wisła) is the longest river in Poland.
It is 1,047 km (678 miles) long.
How it flows
Brennica – Skoczów
Iłownica
Biała – Czechowice-Dziedzice
Soła
Skawa – Zator
Skawinka – Skawina
Wilga – Kraków
Drwinka
Gróbka
Uszwica
Kisielina
Breń
Brnik
Wisłoka
Babulówka – Baranów Sandomierski
Trzesniówka – Sandomierz
Łęg – Sandomierz
Sanna – Annopol
Wyżnica – Józefów
Chodelka
Bystra – Kazimierz Dolny
Kurówka – Puławy
Wieprz – Dęblin
Okrzejka
Promnik
Wilga – Wilga
Świder – Otwock, Józefów
Kanał Żerański – Warsaw
Narew – Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki
Mołtawa
Słupianka – Płock
Rosica – Płock
Brzeźnica – Płock
Skrwa Prawa – Płock
Mień – Nieszawa
Drwęca – Toruń
Bacha – Toruń
Osa – Grudziądz
Liwa
Krajka – Strumień
Pszczynka
Gostynia
Przemsza – Chełmek
Sanka – Kraków
Rudawa – Kraków
Prądnik – Kraków
Dłubnia – Kraków
Roporek – Nowe Brzesko
Szreniawa
Nida – Nowy Korczyn
Strumień
Czarna – Połaniec
Koprzywianka – Sandomierz
Opatówka
Kamienna
Krępianka – Solec nad Wisłą
Iłżanka
Zwoleńka
Plewka – Janowiec
Zagożdzonka – Kozienice
Pilica – Warka
Czarna – Góra Kalwaria
Jeziorka – Konstancin-Jeziorna
Bzura – Wyszogród
Skrwa Lewa – Płock
Zgłowiączka – Włocławek
Tążyna
Zielona
Brda – Bydgoszcz
Wda – Świecie
Wierzyca – Gniew
Motława – Gdańsk
Radunia – Gdańsk
The word Sunnah (Arabic: سنة) is an Arabic word meaning "tradition" or "way."
For Muslims, Sunnah means "the way of the prophet".
Sunnites try to follow his words, actions and teachings.
Muslim scholars learn about the Sunnah by studying thousands of stories about Muhammad, his family, and his first followers.
These stories are called Hadith.
Al-Aqsa Mosque ("The Farthest Mosque") is a mosque, or a place where Muslims go to worship, and it is in East Jerusalem/Baitulmaqdis.
Abdul Malik ibn Marwan asked for the mosque to be built, but he died before they finished building it, and it was finished by his son Al-Walid I in 705 AD.
The Al-Aqsa Mosque is a part of the Al-Haram al-Qudsi al-Sharif, or "The Noble Sanctuary".
This area is known as the Temple Mount by Jews, and it is believed to be the location where the Jewish Temple was built.
The mosque is the 3rd most important place in Islam.
Muslims believe that Muhammad went from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in the story of the "Night Journey".
Also, some Islamic traditions say Muhammad led prayers there before his ascension.
People have planned to attack the mosque, and some people have actually attacked it.
In 1969 Michael Dennis Rohan set the mosque on fire, destroying a lot of the mosque.
Some members of the Gush Emunim Underground planned to blow up the mosque, but they never blew it up.
In September of 2000 Ariel Sharon visited Al-Aqsa, and Palestinians who were at the mosque threw objects at the police force that was with Sharon.
In return the police shot rubber bullets at the group of Palestinians.
Palestinians said Sharon visited the mosque to make people angry, but Sharon said he had gone there with a message of peace.
This visit is what some believe caused the Second Intifada.
"Al-Aqsa Masjid" means "the farthest Mosque".
The masjid's name comes from a story in the Quran called "The Night Journey".
In the story Muhammad goes from Makkah to East Jerusalem, where the Al-Aqsa Masjid is.
Then he went up to Heaven (Jannah).
The mosque was first built in 705 AD.
The first mosque was destroyed in an earthquake in 748 AD and had to be built again.
We do not know when it was built again, but it was probably in 771 AD, and this mosque was destroyed soon after they finished building it.
The third mosque was built around 780 AD.
In 1033 AD there was another earthquake, and the mosque had to be built again.
East Jerusalem was taken over by the Crusaders in 1099.
Instead of taking down the mosque, the crusaders used the mosque as a palace.
In 1119 it was changed into the headquarters for the Templar Knights.
Balkh () is a province in the northern part of Afghanistan.
Its capital is Mazar-i-Sharif.
Most of its people are Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks.
Provinces of Afghanistan
Dwight Hicks was born April 5, 1956 in Mount Holly, New Jersey.
He was a professional American football player.
He played the defensive back position for the Toronto Argonauts in 1978.
He also played in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers from 1979 to 1985 and for the Indianapolis Colts in 1986.
Before that, Dwight Hicks played for the University of Michigan.
He is a four-time Pro Bowl selection from 1981 to 1984.
He helped the 49ers to win 2 NFL Championships in Super Bowl XVI and Super Bowl XIX.
Hicks led the NFL in interceptions in the 1981 season, and return yards.
He went on to be very important in the Super Bowl.
After the 49ers lost a fumble on the opening kickoff, the Cincinnati Bengals got the football to San Francisco 5-yard line.
Hicks made an interception and stopped the Bengals from scoring.
Hicks went on to become a popular character actor in movies such as The Rock, Jack, Armageddon, and In the Mix after his football career.
He also made appearances on many television programs.
Some shows that he appeared on include Nash Bridges, The Pretender, The Practice, The X-Files, ER and The O.C.
Indianapolis Colts players
The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical or other object is the gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface.
The surface gravity may be thought of as the acceleration caused by the gravity experienced by a hypothetical test particle which is very close to the object's surface and which, in order not to disturb the system, has negligible mass.
Surface gravity is measured in units of acceleration, which, in the SI system, are meters per second squared.
It may also be described as a multiple of the Earth's gravity, g = 9.80665 m/s2.
In astrophysics, the surface gravity may be expressed as log g, which is obtained by first expressing the gravity in cgs units, where the unit of acceleration is centimeters per second squared, and then taking the base 10 logarithm.
Newtonian surface gravity
In astronomy, a rotation period is the time an astronomical object takes to complete one revolution around its rotation axis relative to the background stars.
For the Earth this is a sidereal day.
It is different from a solar day, which is measured by the passage of the Sun across the local meridian.
Angular size is a measurement of how large or small something is using rotational measurement.
It is useful for measuring things that are so far away that they appear two dimensional.
Small-Angle Formula
Visual Aid to the Apparent Size of the Planets
the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation.
It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's diffuse reflectivity.
The word is derived from albus, a Latin word for "white".
Albedo - Encyclopedia of Earth
NASA MODIS Terra BRDF/albedo product site
NASA MODIS BRDF/albedo product site
A discussion of Lunar albedos
Robin Olds (born July 14, 1922, died June 14, 2007) was a member of the United States Air Force.
He was one of the first jet fighter pilots.
In World War II, he flew a P-38 Lightning and a P-51 Mustang.
In the Vietnam War, he was a commander and was angry about lack of dogfight training.
He flew an F-4 Phantom II.
In 1973, he retired from the Air Force at the rank of brigadier general.
He had made 16 kills (12 in World War II, 4 in Vietnam).
He had prostate cancer and died of heart failure.
Military people from Hawaii
Lady Mary Grey (1545- 20 April 1578) was the sister of Lady Jane Grey and Lady Katherine Grey.
Her parents were Lady Frances Brandon and Henry Grey.
Mary Grey's parents were disappointed with her birth, because she was a girl and a hunchback.
She was described as "four foot tall and hunchbacked".
Mary's life was not as exciting as her sisters, Jane and Katherine Grey.
But after their death she was the last surviving grandchild of Mary Tudor, and therefore some people thought she might be heiress to the English throne.
She married the royal gatekeeper Thomas Keyes in 1565 but this was without Queen Elizabeth's permission.
But like her sister Katherine's marriage to Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, Queen Elizabeth was angry.
Elizabeth claimed that she wanted "no bastard Keyes".
Elizabeth put Mary under house arrest.
She was released after the death of her husband in 1572 and was permitted to attend Court occasionally.
Britannia.com
Life in Elizabethan England
1545 births
1578 deaths
Grey, Lady Mary
The German-speaking Community of Belgium (, short DGB) is one of the three federal communities in Belgium.
It is the main part of the so-called East Cantons () of Belgium.
It has an area of , and a population of over 73,000, of which almost 100% are German speaking (traditionally Ripuarian-speaking).
The area was known as Eupen-Malmedy, and is now called the East Cantons.
It is made up of the German-speaking Community and the municipalities of Malmedy and Waimes (Weismes), which belong to the French-Speaking Community of Belgium.
The East Cantons were part of the Rhine Province of Prussia in Germany until 1920 but were annexed by Belgium following Germany's defeat in World War I and the subsequent Treaty of Versailles.
Thus they also became known as the cantons rédimés, "redeemed cantons".
The peace treaty of Versailles demanded the "questioning" of the local population about their political status.
This was not a secret vote, and anyone who did not want to become Belgian had to register their full name and address.
Many locals feared reprisals or even expulsion after enlisting.
In the mid-1920s the kingdom of Belgium seemed to want to sell the region back to Germany.
The French government told the Belgians to stop the Belgian-German talks about the deal.
In 1940 the new cantons were retaken by Germany in World War II.
They had only been in Belgium for 20 years, so the majority of people of the east cantons still thought of themselves as German.
Following the defeat of Germany in 1945 the cantons were once again taken over by Belgium.
In the early 1960s Belgium was divided into four language areas, the Dutch speaking Flemish area, the French speaking area, the bilingual capital of Brussels, and the German speaking area of the east cantons.
In 1973, three communities and three regions were established and granted internal autonomy.
The legislative Parliament of the German-speaking Community, Rat der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft, was set up.
Today the German-speaking Community has a degree of self government, especially in language and cultural matters, but it still part of French speaking Wallonia.
Some people want the German-speaking Community to be its own region.
One of these is the current Minister-President Karl-Heinz Lambertz.
The German-speaking Community has its own government, which is appointed for five years by its parliament.
The Government is headed by a Minister-President, who acts as the "prime minister" of the Community, and is assisted by the Ministry of the German-speaking Community.
The government currently formed by four Ministers:
Karl-Heinz Lambertz, Minister-President and Minister for District Authorities
Bernd Gentges, Deputy Minister-President and Minister for Vocational Training and Employment, Social Policy and Tourism
Oliver Paasch, Minister for Education and Research
Isabelle Weykmans, Minister for Culture and Media, Monuments and Sites, Youth and Sport
Towns and cities in the German-speaking Community
Bütgenbach
Sankt Vith
Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft Official site of the German-speaking Community in Belgium
Parliament of the DG
Official site of Karl-Heinz Lambertz, the current premier
Regions of Belgium
County Durham is a county in north-east England.
There are four different types of county:
the historic County of Durham
the administrative county of Durham
the ceremonial county of Durham
the non-metropolitan county of Durham
The form of the county name is unique in England.
Many counties are named after their principal town, and the expected form here would be Durhamshire.
But County Durham did not become a Shire/County until after the language of government was changed from Anglo-Saxon to Norman French in 1066.
Previous to that it was a semi-independent Bishopric.
The county several had a number of exclaves: Bedlingtonshire, Islandshire and Norhamshire within  Northumberland, and Craikshire within the North Riding of Yorkshire.
The historic boundaries were used for parliamentary purposes until 1832, and for law courts and local government until the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, which merged most remaining exclaves with their surrounding county.
In 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888 England and Wales was divided into administrative counties and county boroughs.
Administrative counties, governed by an elected county council, were based on the historic boundaries, less larger towns which became self-governing as county boroughs.
In 1889 the administrative county of Durham consisted of the historic county less the county boroughs of Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland.
The boundary with the North Riding of Yorkshire was adjusted: the part of the town of Barnard Castle that was in Yorkshire was added to County Durham, but the part of the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees in Durham was given to the North Riding.
For all non-administrative purposes, such as lieutenancy, the County of Durham comprised the administrative county and associated county boroughs.
Over its existence, the administrative county lost territory, both to the existing county boroughs, and also due to the creation of county boroughs at West Hartlepool in 1902 and Darlington in 1915.
In 1967 the borough of Hartlepool was removed from the administrative county when it merged with West Hartlepool to form a new county borough of Hartlepool, and in 1968 Billingham was included within the boundaries of the county borough of Teesside, associated with the North Riding.
Non-metropolitan county
In 1974 Durham was divided between three counties.
The boroughs of Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees became a part of the new non-metropolitan county of Cleveland.
The metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear became responsible for Gateshead, Sunderland and South Tyneside.
The new non-metropolitan county of Durham also covered the former area of Startforth Rural District, a part of the historic North Riding of Yorkshire, and south of the historical boundary of the River Tees.
The Department for Communities and Local Government has said that the seven district councils and the County Council will be abolished and a new unitary authority for the whole of the existing County Council area will be created.
The change will be on 1 April 2009 at the latest.
The successful Durham County Council bid referred to the new authority as County Durham Council.
Ceremonial county
In 1997 the non-metropolitan county (including unitary Darlington), together with that part of the former county of Cleveland north of the River Tees became a ceremonial county.
Lord-lieutenants and high sheriffs are appointed to the ceremonial county of Durham.
they have no job  in local government.
This is a list of the main towns in County Durham.
The area covered is the entire ceremonial county, hence the inclusion of towns which are no longer administered by Durham County Council.
Barnard Castle, Billingham, Bishop Auckland
Chester-le-Street, Consett
Ferryhill
Spennymoor
Auckland Castle, Bishop Auckland
Beamish Museum, in Stanley
Bowes Museum, in Barnard Castle
Durham Cathedral and Castle, a World Heritage Site
Escomb Saxon Church, near Bishop Auckland
Finchale Priory, near Durham city
Hamsterley Forest
Hardwick Hall Country Park  near Sedgefield
High Force and Low Force waterfalls, on the River Tees
Killhope Wheel, part of the North of England Lead Mining Museum in Weardale
Locomotion railway museum, in Shildon
No Place, near Stanley
Pity Me
Raby Castle, near Staindrop
Tanfield Railway, in Tanfield
Durham County Council
Spennymoor Local History
One North East guides & brochures
Guided Walks Programme from Durham County Council
The Balkan mountain range (Bulgarian and Serbian: Стара планина, Stara planina, "Old Mountain") is an extension of the Carpathian mountain range, separated from it by the Danube River.
The highest peaks of the Stara planina itself are in central Bulgaria.
The highest peak is Botev (2,376 m), in the Central Balkan National Park (established 1991).
Petrohan Pass: Sofia–Montana
Iskar Gorge (Iskarski prolom ): Sofia–Vratsa (also railroad)
Vitinya Pass: Hemus motorway (A2), Sofia–Botevgrad
Beklemeto Pass: Troyan–Karnare
Shipka Pass: Gabrovo–Kazanlak (also railroad)
Pass of the Republic (Prohod na republikata): Veliko Tarnovo – Gurkovo
Vratnik Pass: Elena–Sliven
Kotel Pass (Kotlenski prohod): Kotel–Petolachka (Pentagram) crossroads
Varbitsa Pass (Varbishki prohod): Shumen–Petolachka crossroads
Rish Pass (Rishki prohod): Shumen–Karnobat
Luda Kamchiya Gorge (Ludokamchiyski prolom): Dalgopol–Karnobat (also railroad)
Dyulino Pass (Dyulinski prohod): Varna–Aitos
Obzor Pass (Obzorski prohod): Varna–Burgas, future Cherno More motorway (A3)
Midžor 2,169 m is the highest peak in Central Serbia
Botev Peak 2,376 m (named after Hristo Botev)
Vezhen
Levski (named after Vasil Levski)
Regional tourist association
Stara Planina
The Carpathians begin on the Danube near Bratislava.
They surround Transcarpathia and Transylvania in a large semicircle, sweeping towards the south-west, and end on the Danube near Orşova, in Romania.
The total length of the Carpathians is over 1,500 km, and the mountain chain's width varies between 12 and 500 km.
Horizontal division
Outer Carpathians, containing the Outer Western Carpathians and Outer Eastern Carpathians, usually including the corresponding Outer Carpathian Depressions
Inner Carpathians, containing the Inner Western Carpathians, Inner Eastern Carpathians, and all the remaining Carpathians
Vertical and general division
Western Carpathians:
1 Outer Western Carpathians:
Austrian - South-Moravian Carpathians
Central Moravian Carpathians
Slovak-Moravian Carpathians
West-Beskidian Piedmont
Western Beskids
Central Beskids
Eastern Beskids
Podhale-Magura Area
2 Inner Western Carpathians:
Slovenské rudohorie (Slovak Ore Mountains)
Fatra-Tatra Area
Slovenské stredohorie
Lučensko-košická zníženina
Mátra-Slanec Area/Northern Medium Mountains
South Eastern Carpathians (= Eastern Carpathians in a wider sense):
Eastern Carpathians:
3 Outer Eastern Carpathians:
4 Inner Eastern Carpathians:
5 Southern Carpathians (also known as Transylvanian Alps):
Făgăraş Mountains group
[arâng Mountains group
Retezat-Godeanu Mountains group
6 Romanian Western Carpathians:
Apuseni Mountains
Poiana Ruscă Mountains (sometimes considered part of the Southern Carpathians)
Banat Mountains (sometimes considered part of the Southern Carpathians)
7 Transylvanian Plateau (sometimes not considered part of the Carpathians at all):
Transylvanian Plateau
Mureş-Turda Depression
Făgăraş Depression
Sibiu Depression
8 Serbian Carpathians (sometimes considered part of the Southern Carpathians, or not considered part of the Carpathians at all)
Outer Carpathian Depressions (they surround the Carpathians and are normally considered part of the corresponding adjacent above main groups)
Their skins have overlapping horny scales.
They also have movable quadrate bones, which make it possible to move the upper jaw relative to the braincase.
This is particularly visible in snakes, which are able to open their mouths very wide to accommodate comparatively large prey.
They are the most variably-sized order of reptiles, ranging from the 16 mm (0.63 in.)
Dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus ariasae) to the 8 m (26 ft.)
Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus).
The Squamata does not include the Tuataras from New Zealand.
They are a sister group to the squamates.
The Crocodilia are much more distantly related.
Squamates are a monophyletic group that is a sister group to the tuatara.
The squamates and tuatara together are a sister group to crocodiles and birds, the living archosaurs.
Squamate fossils first appear in the early Jurassic, but a mitochondrial phylogeny suggests that they evolved in the late Permian.
The evolutionary relationships within the squamates are not yet completely worked out, with the relationship of snakes to other groups being most problematic.
From morphological data, Iguanid lizards have been thought to have diverged from other squamates very early, but recent molecular phylogenies, both from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, do not support this early divergence.
Because snakes have a faster molecular clock than other squamates, and there are few early snake and snake ancestor fossils, it is difficult to resolve the relationship between snakes and other squamate groups.
Evolution of venom
Recent research suggests that the evolutionary origin of venom lies deep in the squamate phylogeny.
60% of squamates are venomous Toxicofera.
Venom in the families Caenophidia, Anguimorpha, and Iguania evolved once, then the three families diverged.
All three lineages share nine common toxins.
The fossil record shows that the divergence between anguimorphs, iguanians, and advanced snakes dates back roughly 200 MYA to the Upper Triassic/Lower Jurassic.
Snake venom evolved by the duplication of a gene encoding for a normal regulatory or bioactivity protein.
Then the copy was expressed in the venom gland.
Natural selection has driven the diversification of the toxins to counter the defences of the prey.
Venom genes form large multigene families, and evolve by protein evolution.
This leads to a diversification of toxins that let sit-and-wait predators attack a wide range of prey.
Lacertilia, the lizards;
Serpentes, the snakes;
Amphisbaenia, the worm lizards.
Of these, the lizards form a paraphyletic group.
In newer classifications the name Sauria is used for reptiles and birds in general, and the Squamata are divided differently:
Suborder Iguania (the iguanas and chameleons)
Suborder Scleroglossa
Infraorder Gekkota (the geckos)
Infraorder Anguimorpha (the monitors, Gila monster, and slow-worms)
Infraorder Scincomorpha (skinks, whiptail lizards and common European lizards)
Suborder Serpentes (the snakes)
Infraorder Alethinophidia (vipers, boas, cobras, etc.)
Infraorder Scolecophidia (blind snakes)
Suborder Amphisbaenia
Pingu is a cartoon series for children about a penguin called Pingu.
The series is popular in many countries because the characters only make sounds instead of saying words.
Pingu was made in Switzerland and United Kingdom on March 7, 1990.
The show was made by Otmar Gutmann.
It aired on CBBC from 1990 to 2002 and Cbeebies from 2002 to 2015.
From 1993 to 2003, VHS releases were by BBC's Toybox line.
As of 2003, all releases for DVD's are by HiT Entertainment.
The cast of Pingu includes the family and friends of Pingu.
Pingu is the main character of the cartoon.
He is a cheerful and bright emperor penguin.
When he makes loud noises, his beak looks like a trumpet.
Pinga is the younger sister of Pingu.
She is a little tomboyish.
Robby is seal and a friend of Pingu.
He is very clever and an artist.
Pingi is Pingu's girlfriend.
Pingo, Pingg, Pongi and Punki are friends of Pingu.
Papa and Maman are Pingu's parents.
Personality of Pingu
He does not like green vegetables.
They upset him.
His birthday is 22nd August.
Pingu's favorite toy is a bear doll, and Pinga's one is a rabbit doll.
Pingu official website
Pingu at Toonopedia
1990 television series debuts
Fictional birds
The Tatra Mountains, Tatras or Tatra (Tatry in both Slovak and Polish), constitute a mountain range which forms a natural border between Slovakia and Poland.
They occupy an area of 750 km², the major part (600 km²) of which lies in Slovakia.
The highest Tatra peak, at 2655 m, is Gerlachovský štít, located in Slovakia.
Rysy, at 2499 m, is the highest Polish peak.
The Tatra Mountains are the highest mountain range in the Carpathian Mountains.
Their high mountain character, combined with great accessibility, makes them popular with tourists and scientists.
Ján Lacika, Tatras (2nd edition), Bratislava 2006.
Town of Vysoké Tatry – municipal website
Zakopane – municipal website
TANAP  – Slovak Tatra National Park
TPN – Polish Tatra National Park
Commercial tourism-oriented websites
Tatry.cz  – travel guide (mainly Slovak side)
Sky tour – travel guide (mainly Polish side)
Tatry on ogdos.com  – mountaineer's notes
Atypical images of the Tatras
Spherical panoramas
Panoramic view from Rysy (2499 m)
Ski movie filmed in 1930
Mountain ranges of the Carpathians
Franklin G. Wells (March 4, 1932 - April 3, 1994) was the former President of Warner Bros. (1973-1977) and the Walt Disney Company (1984-1994).
He climbed the highest mountain of every continent, but he did not reach the summit of the Mount Everest.
Frank Wells was born in 1932.