the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Proud to Commit Commercial Suicide (1995)
Soulfly (1998) US#79 US Gold
Tribe EP (1999)
Primitive (2000) US#32
3 (2002) US#46
Prophecy (2004) US#82
Dark Ages (2005) US#155
Conquer (2008) US#66
Omen (2010) US#73
Inflikted (2008) US#72
Blunt Force Trauma (2011) US#123
Soulfly Official Site
Roadrunner Records' Soulfly site
Roadrunner Records' Cavalera Conspiracy site
Phoenix New Times article on Max
NY Rock interview
Asice.net interview
Sepultura members
Derrick Leon Green (born January 20, 1971) is an American singer.
He is the lead singer for the Brazilian heavy metal band Sepultura.
Allmusic said about the singer: "There was a time when the idea of Sepultura recording without Max Cavalera seemed unthinkable.
But the incendiary Green turned out to be a fine replacement."
Outface
1992 - Friendly Green
Khattak ( , ) is a swift martial sword-dance performed by professional dancers of tribes of Pashtuns in Pakistan and some eastern parts of Afghanistan.
It It was performed by warriors before going to wars as a war-preparation exercise and is known to be the only dance with swordplay.
Acetone, or propanone, is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2CO.
This clear, mobile, easy-to-burn liquid is the simplest example of the ketones.
Acetone can be mixed with water.
It is an important solvent, often to clean things in the laboratory.
Common uses of acetone in the home are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover and as paint thinner.
It is a common building block in organic chemistry.
Srbosjek (literally "Serb cutter" in Croatian, often referred to as "cutthroat") is the colloquial Croatian term for a type of knife  created and used solemly for slaughtering inmates in concentration camps (hence the name).
It is said that in the Jasenovac concentration camp competitions in speedy slaughter were organized by the Ustaše.
The winner of one such competition, Petar Brzica slit the throats of 1,300 (or 1360 ) Serbian and Jewish  prisoners.
The upper part of the knife was made of leather, as a sort of a glove, designed to be worn with the thumb going through the hole, so that only the blade protruded from the hand.
It was a curved, 12 cm long knife with the edge on its concave side.
The knife was fastened to a bowed oval copper plate, while the plate was fastened to a thick leather bangle.
The knife was fixed on the glove plate in order to prevent injuries and to prevent taking care of a separate knife in order to improve the work speed.
Ladislaus Hory and Martin Broszat: Der kroatische Ustascha-Staat, 1941-1945, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt Stuttgart, 1964
Dave Hunt: Die Frau und das Tier Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft der römischen Kirche © 1994 by Dave Hunt, Herausgegeben von Harvest House Publishers, Eugene, Oregon - Das Abschlachten der Serben Chapter, pages 289-301
Egon Berger: 44 mjeseca u Jasenovcu, Graficki Zavod Hrvatske, Zagreb 1966
The Vatican's Holocaust by Avro Manhattan
Blood and Ashes of Jasenovac by Lordan Zafranovic
Binghamton is a city in the U.S. state of New York.
It is near Pennsylvania, and sits along the Susquehanna River.
In 2010, 47,376 people lived in the city, while 251,725 people lived in the metropolitan area.
In the past, Binghamton was known for making cigars, shoes, and computers.
IBM started in the Binghamton area.
Today, the area is home to Binghamton University.
The Status of Indian cities has two  Government of India ranking systems used to pay workers more in some cities.
There are two allowances; Compensatory City Allowance (CCA) to pay more because it is more expensive to buy things in cities.
CCA is divided into categories A-1, A, B-1 and B-2.
House Rent Allowance (HRA) is the second additional payment.
It is divided into categories A-1, A, B-1, B-2 and C. This plan was first based on the recommendations of the Fifth Pay Commission of India (1997).
City statuses were later changed based on the results of the 2001 Census of India.
fr:Villes de l'Inde
Markus Schopp (born 22 February 1974 in Graz, Austria) is a retired Austrian football midfielder.
Now he is assistance coach of the Austrian U21 team and analyst for the pay TV group SKY.
He started his career in the youth teams of ESK  and SK Sturm Graz.
His professional career started with SK Sturm Graz.
He played till 1996 for this team and won the Austrian Cup in 1996.
He went on to Hamburger SV in the German Bundesliga where he played till 1998.
In his second season for HSV he played not regularly so he went back to Sturm Graz.
There he reached the Austrian championship two times and played three seasons in the UEFA Champions League.
After the international games he went to Brescia Calcio in Italys Seria A. After the relegation of Brescia to Seria B he came back to Austria.
There he played for Red Bull Salzburg.
The last years he was on loan to Red Bull New York.
He retired from football in December 2007 due to chronic back problems.
He made his first match for Austria in an August 1995 European Championship qualifying match against Latvia.
He was also in the team for the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France  He played 56 matches and shot 6 goals.
His last match  was an October 2005 World Cup qualifying match against Northern Ireland.
1991–1996 	SK Sturm Graz 	102 matches	(10 goals)
1996–1998 	Hamburger SV 	40matches	 	(3 goals)
1998–2001 	SK Sturm Graz 	101 matches		(20 goals)
2001–2005 	Brescia Calcio 	80 matches		(3 goals)
2005–2006 	Red Bull Salzburg matches		31 	(6 goals)
2006–2008 	 Red Bull New York (loan) 	10 matches		(0 goals)
Total 	364 matches  	(42 goals)
National team statistics
Fufu (pounded yam or cassava) is a food dish which first came from West Africa, but is enjoyed by many people across the world.
Its taste somewhat resembles that of mashed potatoes with butter.
Biology is the science that deals with living things.
Living organisms respond to the stimuli
Living organisms interact with their environment, which includes members of the same and other species.
Living organisms have a metabolism: they take in food which they then convert as energy to perform their daily or day to day activities.
Living organisms reproduce: they give birth to others of the same species, in order to continue their ancestral living.
This is not true of all individual organisms.
In eusocial organisms, some castes cannot reproduce.
But, since the sterile workers are all the produce of a single queen, they are one collective.
Many things that appear to be one organism are in fact several living together.
An example is lichen.
Lichen is a symbiosis between a blue-green algae and fungi.
Organisms that live together may not reproduce together, but their life processes bound up together.
They help each other to live.
five examples of life processes
Physiological process, those processes specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, limbs, and organisms.
Response to stimulus: (in terms of movement impulses, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc).
In animals, this is mainly the function of the nervous system.
Other processes: cell growth, cellular differentiation, fermentation, fertilisation, germination, tropism, hybridisation, metamorphosis, morphogenesis, photosynthesis, transpiration.
Cells and macro-molecules
All life processes on Earth use the chemistry of carbon compounds.
In particular, all life uses long-chain molecules such as proteins and nucleic acid.
With water, which is essential, the long molecules are wrapped inside membranes to form cells.
This is true of all known life.
Living organisms are open systems.
The main idea is that the processes serve to keep them alive by homeostasis.
They are always changing, but always staying within certain limits as long as they live.
They do this by exchanging materials and information with their environment.
All of this preserves the individual and its race or species.
Cinco de Mayo  (Spanish for "fifth of May") is a holiday celebrating Mexican heritage inkling
and pride, and is held on May 5.
It is celebrated in the United States and in some parts of Mexico, mostly in the state of Puebla.
Cinco de Mayo  is not Mexico's Independence Day, the most important national holiday in Mexico.
In the Mexican state of Puebla, Cinco de Mayo  is celebrated because the Mexican army won the Battle of Puebla from the French army on May 5, 1862.
This was a surprising victory.
The army was under the leadership of  General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín.
In the United States Cinco de Mayo is more important than in Mexico.
It is a day to celebrate the culture and experiences of Americans of Mexican ancestry.
This is in the same way as other holidays like Saint Patrick's Day, Oktoberfest, and the Chinese New Year are used to celebrate those of Irish, German, and Chinese ancestry.
Cinco de Mayo is celebrated by many Americans, not only by Americans of Mexican origin.
Celebrations use both traditional Mexican symbols, like the Virgen de Guadalupe, and prominent figures with Mexican roots in the United States, including César Chávez.
Many people display Cinco de Mayo banners while schools organize events to educate pupils about Mexico.
Special events and celebrations highlight Mexican culture, especially its music and regional dancing.
Examples include baile folklórico and mariachi demonstrations held every year at the Plaza del Pueblo de Los Angeles, near Olvera Street.
Businesses advertise Mexican products and services, especially Mexican drinks, foods, and music.
Cinco de Mayo is also celebrated outside Mexico and the United States.
For example, a sky-diving club near Vancouver, Canada, holds a Cinco de Mayo skydiving event.
In the Cayman Islands, in the Caribbean, there is a yearly Cinco de Mayo air guitar competition.
As far away as the island of Malta, in the Mediterranean Sea, revelers are encouraged to drink Mexican beer on May 5.
Napoleon III
Cinco De Mayo Videos on The History Channel
Holloway Road is a station on the London Underground.
It is on the Piccadilly Line between Caledonian Road and Arsenal stations, and in Travelcard Zone 2.
The station opened on 15 December 1906.
Pictures of the disused staircase
More photographs of Holloway Road station
Caledonian Road is a station on the Piccadilly Line of the London Underground, between King's Cross St. Pancras and Holloway Road, and in Travelcard Zone 2.
It was opened on 15 December 1906 by the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway.
The Mérida State Symphony Orchestra (Spanish: Orquesta Sinfónica del Estado Mérida or OSEM) is a symphony orchestra based in the Venezuelan city of Mérida.
A non-profit organization, it was founded in 1991 by the Venezuelan pianist and educator José Antonio Abreu.
Its co-founder and first artistic director was Amílcar Rivas.
Between 1994 and 1997, its Music Director was Sergio Bernal who extended the orchestra's repertoire  of European and Latin American symphonic music.
Between 1998 and 2001, the OSEM was led by Felipe Izcaray who initiated major programs of community outreach and education which became a fundamental part of the orchestra's activities.
César Iván Lara has been the orchestra's Music Director since January 2004.
In the 2006 season, the orchestra participated in many official events of the Mérida State Government, University of the Andes, the FESNOJIV, and various municipalities, giving 39 symphony concerts and 108 teaching and chamber concerts in 21 municipalities in the State of Mérida.
In 1999 the OSEM was designated a Patrimonio Cultural del Estado Mérida (Cultural Patrimony of the State of Mérida).
The orchestra began its 20th anniversary year on January 15, 2011 with a performance of Tchaikovsky's Symphony No.
2 for the second annual Festival de Música de Mérida.
Venezuelan music
Mérida State Symphony Orchestra Official Website
Patriot Day is a day of remembrance in the United States.
It happens on September 11 of each year.
It remembers the 2,977 killed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.
Most Americans call this day "Nine-Eleven (9/11)," "September Eleventh," or something similar.
The day was officially created on October 25, 2001.
The U.S. House of Representatives Joint Resolution 71 was approved by a vote of 407–0.
The Resolution asked that the President would designate September 11 of each year as "Patriot Day."
President George W. Bush signed the resolution into law on December 18, 2001 (as Public Law 107-89).
On September 4, 2002, President Bush proclaimed September 11, 2002 as Patriot Day.
On this day, the American flag is to be flown at half-staff at individual American homes, at the White House, and on all U.S. government buildings, home and abroad.
The President also asks Americans to observe a moment of silence beginning at 8:46 A.M. (Eastern Daylight Time).
This is the time the first plane struck the North Tower of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.
Public Law 107-89
Archived version of 2001 proclamation
2002 proclamation, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 , 2010
Detailed information on the bill from THOMAS
Saint Walpurga or Walburga (; c. 710 – February 25, 777 or 779), also spelled Valderburg or Guibor, was an English missionary to the Frankish Empire.
She was canonized (made a saint) on 1 May ca.
870 by Pope Adrian II.
Walpurga's feast day is on 25 February.
The day of her canonization, 1 May, was also celebrated during the high medieval period.
Especially in the 11th century under Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne.
Walpurgis Night is the eve of May Day, celebrated in folklore in Europe with dancing.
Together with her brothers, Saint Willibald and Saint Winibald, she travelled to Francia (now Württemberg and Franconia) to help her uncle, Saint Boniface, in evangelizing among the Germans.
She was educated by the nuns of Winborne Abbey, Dorset, where she spent twenty-six years.
Thanks to her rigorous training, she was later able to write St. Winibald's biography and an account in Latin of St. Willibald's travels in Palestine.
She is often credited with being the first female author of both England and Germany.
She became a nun and lived in the double monastery of Heidenheim am Hahnenkamm near Eichstätt, which was founded by her brother, Willibald.
After his death in 751, she became abbess.
Walburga died on 25 February 777 or 779 and was buried at Heidenheim.
In the 870s, her remains were brought to Eichstätt.
At Eichstätt, her bones were placed in a rocky hole in the wall.
The bones began to produce, it was said, a miraculously therapeutic oil.
This made people come to her shrine.
The earliest picture of Walpurga is from the early 11th century.
It comes from the Hitda Codex, which was made in Cologne.
It shows her holding stylized stalks of grain.
The grain can be seen as an example of where a Christian saint (Walpurga) took over from an older pagan concept, in this case of the Grain Mother.
710s births
770s deaths
The Senegal bushbaby (Galago senegalensis), also known as the Senegal galago, lesser galago, or lesser bushbaby is a small, nocturnal primate which lives in trees.
They prefer  dry woodland regions and savannah regions.
At the end of the night, group members use a special rallying call and gather to sleep in a nest made of leaves, in a group of branches, or in a hole in a tree.
They are small primates (130mm and 95-300 grams) with woolly thick fur that ranges from silvery gray to dark brown.
They are good jumpers.
Eichstätt () is a town in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the district of Eichstätt.
It is on the Altmühl river and has a population of around 13,000.
Eichstätt is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Eichstätt.
Eichstätt is on both sides of the river Altmühl in the district of Eichstätt of the Oberbayern region of Bavaria, in the heart of Altmühl Valley Nature Park.
Eichstätt is in a valley of the Franconian Jura and is famous for the quarries of Solnhofen Plattenkalk (Jurassic limestone).
On the Blumenberg the Berlin specimen of Archaeopteryx was found by Jakob Niemeyer.
The lar gibbon (Hylobates lar) is also known as the white-handed gibbon.
It is a primate in the Hylobatidae or gibbon family.
It is one of the better-known gibbons.
It is often seen in zoos.
The fur coloring of the lar gibbon is not fixed.
It can range from black and dark-brown to light brown sandy colors.
Lar gibbons are diurnal (they are active during the day).
They are arboreal, living in rainforests.
Family groups live in a firm territory.
They protect it from other gibbons by their calls.
Lar Gibbon photos
Lar Gibbon songs
Lar Gibbon at Animal Diversity Web
Thomas Geissmann's Gibbon Research Lab and Gibbon Network
The lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) is an Old World monkey.
The Knights of the Forest - Photo-essay of Lion-tailed macaque
Sadie Frost (born 19 June 1965) is an English actress.
She runs fashion label Frost French.
Frost starred in a Jelly Tots advertisement at the age of 3.
She won a scholarship to the Italia Conti Academy.
But after an early eating disorder, she gave up acting at 13.
She attended Hampstead School.
As an actress, Frost has acted in: Press Gang and Casualty.
Frost and her first husband Gary Kemp starred together in the 1990s film The Krays.
Frost and Kemp were married for 5 years.
They divorced on 19 August 1995.
In 2004, she wrote and presented a short lived series What Sadie did next... for E4.
In 2005, she appeared in Eating with...Sadie Frost on BBC2.
In March 2006, Frost flew to South Africa to part-fund an orphanage for the Homes of Hope project.
She met Jude Law when they were both working on the film Shopping.
They married on 2 September 1997 and had three children.
Sadie Frost Charity Information
http://www.streamlighte14.co.uk/index.php/streamlight/penthouses/
People from Islington
Brian Blessed OBE (born 9 October 1936) is an English actor.
The son of William Blessed, a socialist miner, and Hilda Wall, Blessed was born at the Montague Hospital  in the town of Mexborough, Yorkshire.
He attended Bolton on Dearne Secondary Modern School, but after his father suffered an industrial accident, he was forced to leave school early at 14 and spent several years working at a variety of jobs, ranging from undertaker to plasterer's assistant.
He completed his National Service as a parachutist in the Royal Air Force.
He began his acting training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, alongside Patrick Stewart.
He has written about his early life in his autobiography, Dynamite Kid (1992).
An early role was that of PC "Fancy" Smith in the BBC police drama Z-Cars from 1962 to 1965.
In 1966, Blessed appeared in Incident at Vichy at the Phoenix Theatre in London.
Blessed had small roles in such cult shows as The Avengers (1967, 1969) and the original Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) (1969).
He portrayed Caesar Augustus in the BBC series I, Claudius.
He portrayed Basileos in the BBC mini-series Michael J. Bird's The Aphrodite Inheritance (1979).
He portrayed the father of Robin Hood, Lord Locksley, in the blockbuster Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991).
He has appeared in a number of Shakespearean roles on both stage and screen, including four of the five Shakespeare films directed by Kenneth Branagh: as The Duke of Exeter in Henry V (1989), Antonio in Much Ado About Nothing (1993), The Ghost of Hamlet's Father in Hamlet (1996), and the dual role of Duke Frederick and Duke Senior in As You Like It (2006).
He also provided the voices of Bob in the animated series Kika & Bob (2008) and Grampy Rabbit in Peppa Pig.
He also hosted the 1978 documentary on the life of Johann Sebastian Bach called The Joy of Bach in which he also portrayed Bach in different vignettes in this documentary.
Other roles have emphasised his comedic abilities: notably Prince Vultan in Flash Gordon (1980) – for which he is frequently remembered for the famous line "Gordon's alive!";
the mad, comic figure of Richard IV in the first series of The Black Adder (1983); and Spiro in the BBC adaptation of My Family and Other Animals (1987).
He also played the role of General Yevlenko in the miniseries War and Remembrance (1988).
Blessed jokes he almost starred in Blackadder II (1986) as Queen Elizabeth but he wasn't available at the time of filming.
He provided the vocal links on the Sony-Award-winning Christian O'Connell Breakfast Show on Virgin Radio and introduced adverts for Orange mobile phones.
At Christmas 2006, he presented a panto Cinderella for Virgin Radio starring actors such as David Tennant and Thandie Newton.
In November 2006, Blessed made a surprise appearance on the midday talk show Loose Women.
Also, he is featured reading the story "The White City, Part 1" which is the final piece on the album Late Night Tales: Nightmares on Wax.
Blessed was also the voice of Jean Valjean in Focus on the Family Radio Theatre's audio dramatic adaptation of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables.
Blessed has also starred in Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats as both Old Deuteronomy and Bustopher Jones during the original West End theatre production.
In 2002, under the direction of Royal Shakespeare Company director Adrian Noble, Blessed originated the role of Baron Bomburst for the stage musical version of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.
During December 2005 to January 2006, Blessed headlined the pantomime production of Peter Pan, alongside CBBC Television presenter Kirsten O'Brien at the Regent Theatre in Ipswich.
In late 2007 and early 2008, Blessed starred in the panto version of Peter Pan as Captain Hook at the Grove Theatre in Dunstable.
He played the same role again in "Peter Pan" in late 2007, early 2008 and again at Christmas 2008 at the Fairfield Halls, Croydon.
Blessed was the narrator of the Sky1 series Crash Test Dummies, starring Steve Marsh and Dan Wright.
Since October 2008, Blessed presents the UK showings of the Japanese gameshow Unbeatable Banzuke on the Challenge channel under the name Banzuke Brian.
He also guest hosted episodes of Have I Got News for You in May 2008 and April 2013.
In 2009, Blessed played the world's worst explorer, Sir Basil Champion – a character based upon Blessed's fictional inspiration, The Lost World's Professor Challenger – in the fourth story in The Scarifyers series, The Curse of the Black Comet.
The story was broadcast on BBC7 in 2010.
In November 2009, Blessed starred in a series of online videos on the BBC Comedy website in which he played Henry VIII.
The concept of the video series is that the Tudor king is alive & well, and living in a suburban semi with his long-suffering sixth wife Catherine Parr.
Henry has embraced modern technology and lives his life online – insulting the King of France on Facebook, surfing for desirable women friends, and blocking the Pope on Twitter.
In late 2009, Blessed starred as the Narrator in the In the Wings production of Peter and the Wolf at the New Victory Theater, New York.
In September 2010, Blessed recorded the voiceover to Sheherazade, or The Princess, the Pirate and the Baboon!,
an album of children's stories set to the classical music composition Scheherazade by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and also featuring the voices of Rory Bremner, Jess Murphy, Sam Morris and Nigel Garton.
Brian voiced the role of the Great Sultan Shahryār; the album was released as the first in a series entitled Grandma Dingley's Ingeniously Musical Tales in March 2011.
Blessed has attempted to climb Mount Everest three times, getting to 28,200 feet in 1993 and 25,200 feet in 1996, but never reaching the summit.
He has reached the summit of Aconcagua, in Argentina, and Kilimanjaro, in Tanzania.
He is the oldest man to trek on foot to the magnetic North Pole, and has undertaken an expedition deep into the jungles of Venezuela.
In 2004, Blessed sang on Celebrity Stars in Their Eyes, impersonating Luciano Pavarotti.
He is known for his football knowledge and appeared as an expert on the British satellite station UKTV G2 during the 2006 World Cup.
He also appeared on A Question of Sport in 2006 and again in 2011 and was a guest host of Have I Got News for You in May 2008, alongside guests Alan Duncan and Marcus Brigstocke (also making a surprise appearance in the Christmas special later in the year).
His madcap manner quickly made the show deviate from its usual format, with Paul Merton remarking "Does anyone remember how this show used to be like?"
In the same month he appeared as a guest on The Paul O'Grady Show.
Blessed was President of the Television and Radio Industries Club (TRIC) in 2007–2008 and presented the 2008 TRIC Awards at the Grosvenor House, Park Lane.
TRIC is an organisation which honours achievers in the film and radio industries.
He has honorary degrees from the University of Bradford, awarded in July 2003, and Sheffield Hallam University, awarded in 2004.
He also stars in the Living Legend show in Jersey, Channel Islands.
It features many celebrity faces, such as Roger Lloyd Pack, Samantha Janus, Kevin Whately and Tony Robinson.
The story is of the history of the island.
In 2009, he featured on the song "Army of the Damned", part of the debut album Beneath the Veiled Embrace by UK power-metal band Pythia, reading the poem "Suicide in the Trenches" by Siegfried Sassoon.
He also contributed to "The Joust" by Eden Burning in 1994.
In February 2013, a piece of DLC for the PC game War of the Roses will feature narration from Blessed.
Blessed lives in Windlesham, Surrey.
He married actress Hildegarde Neil in 1978 and they have one daughter, Rosalind.
He also has a number of dogs and is a patron of Hopefield Animal Sanctuary.
The Turquoise Mountain: Brian Blessed on Everest (1991)
Dynamite Kid (1992)
Nothing's Impossible (1994)
To the Top of the World (1995)
Quest for the Lost World (1999)
Brian Blessed at AllRovi
Leif Erikson Day is a holiday that happens on October 9.
It honors Leif Ericson, the Norse explorer who brought the first Europeans known to be in North America.
America Not Discovered by Columbus by Rasmus B. Anderson was published in 1874.
This book helped make popular the idea that Vikings were the first Europeans in the New World.
In 1925, American President Calvin Coolidge recognised Leif Erikson as the Discoverer of America.
This was due to research by Norwegian-American scholars such as Knut Gjerset and Ludvig Hektoen.
In 1930, Wisconsin became the first state to officially adopt Leif Erikson Day as a state holiday.
A year later, the state of Minnesota did the same.
By 1956, Leif Erikson Day was an official holiday seven states (Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Illinois, Colorado, Washington, and California) and one Canadian province (Saskatchewan).
In 1963, the U.S. Representative from Duluth, John Blatnik, introduced a bill to observe Leif Erikson Day in the rest of the United States.
In 1964, the United States Congress authorized and requested the President to create the observance through a yearly proclamation.
Lyndon B. Johnson and each President since have done so.
Presidents have used the proclamation to praise the spirit of discovery and the contributions of Americans of Nordic descent generally.
Some states officially commemorate Leif Erikson Day, particularly in the Upper Midwest, where large numbers of people from the Nordic countries settled.
October 9th is not related with any event in Leif Erikson's life.
The date was chosen because the ship Restauration coming from Stavanger, Norway, arrived in New York Harbor on October 9, 1825.
This was the start of the first organized immigration from Norway to the United States.
Leif Erikson Day - October 9th
Leif Ericson Viking Ship, Inc.
Brief History of Leif Erikson's Life & Voyages
Guelders or Gueldres (, ) is the name of a historical county.
This became a duchy (lands ruled by a duke or duchess) of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Low Countries.
The duchy was named after the town of Geldern (Gelder) in what is now called Germany.
The present province of Gelderland (English also Guelders) in the Netherlands occupies most of the area.
However, the former duchy also included parts of the present Dutch province of Limburg and the territories in the present-day German state of North Rhine-Westphalia that were acquired by Prussia in 1713.
the quarter of Roermond, also called the Overkwartier (Upper Quarter) or Upper Guelders.
This was upstream on both sides of the Maas.
It included the town of Geldern as well as Erkelenz, Goch, Nieuwstadt, Venlo and Straelen;
the quarter of Zutphen, also called the Achterhoek.
This was east of the IJssel and north to the Rhine.
It included towns like Doesburg, Doetinchem, Groenlo and Lochem;
the quarter of Arnhem, also called the Veluwe.
This is west of the IJssel and north to the Rhine, with Elburg, Harderwijk, Hattem and Wageningen;
the quarter of Nijmegen, also called the Betuwe.
This part is south of the Rhine and north to the Maas (in between the rivers).
It included Gendt, Maasbommel, Tiel and Zaltbommel.
First mention
The county was first mentioned in about 1096, when Gerard III of Wassenberg was first documented as "Count of Guelders".
It was then in the territory of Lower Lorraine, in the area of Geldern and Roermond.
Its main stronghold was at Montfort (built 1260).
Count Gerard's son Gerard II in 1127 got the County of Zutphen in northern Hamaland by marriage.
In the 12th and 13th century, Guelders became larger very quickly downstream along the sides of the Maas, Rhine, and IJssel rivers.
It even claimed the lands in the Duchy of Limburg.
In 1288, it lost the Battle of Worringen against Berg and Brabant.
Guelders was often at war with its neighbours.
Not only with Brabant, but also with the County of Holland and the Bishopric of Utrecht.
Its territory did not only grow because of its success in warfare, it also did very well in times of peace.
William II, count of both Holland and Zeeland, gave Nijmegen in use to Guelders in return of a loan.
However he was not able to repay the debts, so these lands became integral parts of Guelders.
Independent Guelders and the Habsburg Netherlands
In 1339 Count Reginald II of Guelders became a duke as ordered by Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Wittelsbach.
When Reginald died without an heir in 1371, William I of Jülich inherited Guelders.
In 1423 Guelders passed to the House of Egmond.
Duke Adolf was fighting with his father Arnold about the inheritance of the land.
Arnold came under pressure from the Burgundian duke Charles the Bold, who put him in prison in 1471.
When Arnold died in 1473, Duke Charles added Guelders to his Burgundian Netherlands.
The last independent Duke of Guelders was Adolf's son Charles of Egmond (1492-1538).
He increased the size of the duchy northward, and included what is now the Province of Overijssel.
He left the duchy to Duke William the Rich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg in his will.
However, he was not able to hold on to it and Emperor Charles V of Habsburg soon moved in.
Guelders finally lost its independence, when it was united with the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands in 1543.
Spain and the Dutch Revolt of the 1560s
Charles V stood down in 1556.
He decided that the territories of the Burgundian Circle should be part of the monarchy of Spain.
The northern Netherlands stood up against King Philip II of Spain in the Dutch Revolt.
The three northern quarters of Gelderland joined the Union of Utrecht and became part of the United Provinces when the 1581 Act of Abjuration was agreed.
Only the Upper Quarter remained a part of the Spanish Netherlands.
The Treaty of Utrecht ended the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713.
The Spanish Upper Quarter was again divided between Prussian Guelders (Geldern, Viersen, Horst, Venray), the United Provinces (Venlo, Montfort, Echt), Austria (Roermond, Niederkrüchten, Weert), and the Duchy of Jülich (Erkelenz).
In 1795 Guelders was conquered and incorporated by the French First Republic.
It was divided between the départements of Roer and Meuse-Inférieure.
Coat of arms of Guelders
Geldern-Heinsberg
House of Egmont
Map of Upper Guelders in 1789 - Northern Part
Map of Upper Guelders in 1789 - Southern Part
Ian McDiarmid () is a Scottish theatre actor and director.
He was born 11 August 1944.
He has also made some appearances on movie and television .
Worldwide, he is most famous for his role as Emperor Palpatine in the Star Wars live action movie series.
He was in both the original and prequel trilogies.
McDiarmid has been in 47 movies since 1976.
McDiarmid was born in Carnoustie in Tayside.
McDiarmid went to the University of St Andrews, to study psychology.
Soon after, he decided he wanted a career in the theatre instead, and took acting training courses at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow.
In 1968, McDiarmid got a gold medal for his acting work.
McDiarmid was cast by George Lucas in Return of the Jedi as Emperor Palpatine, the main villain.
Sixteen years later, he came back to the role as a younger Senator and Chancellor in the Star Wars prequel movies.
He said that it helped to be much younger than his character the first time he played the part.
The prequels had him play two faces to his character: He created an pleasant and likeable character in Palpatine's public face.
Darth Sidious is the Chancellor's Sith alter ego.
Ian McDiarmid at Broadway.com
Star Wars Actors Database at Nerf-Herders-Anonymous.net
Bio from the official Star Wars site
Bio from Hollywood.com
B.Charles in Our Hidden Lives film-page
Scottish theatre directors
Richard David Briers, CBE (14 January 1934 - 17 February 2013) was an English actor whose career has contained theatre, television, film and radio.
Briers was born in Raynes Park, Surrey, England.
In 1961, Briers got the lead male role in Marriage Lines in the 1960s.
It was in the next decade when he played Tom Good in the BBC sitcom The Good Life that he made a household name.
In the 1980s he starred in Ever Decreasing Circles.
He from 2000 to 2002 came back to the spotlight with a leading role in Monarch of the Glen.
Briers was the first narrator and voice actor for the show Enid Blyton's Noddy.
Briers was a heavy smoker until he quit in 2003.
He was diagnosed with emphysema in 2008.
Richard Briers  at the BBC Comedy Guide
Richard Briers at BFI ScreenOnline
Simon Callow's - MusicalTalk discussing his role as Captain Hook in Peter Pan at the Richmond Theatre, Christmas 2008.
Simon Callow  - Downstage Center interview at American Theatre Wing.org, September 2006
Simon Callow on BBC1's This Week
theartsdesk Q&A: Simon Callow (2 October 2010)
Edward I of England travelled twice to Elgin.
During his first visit in 1296 he was impressed by what he saw.
Elgin Museum - Four Star Local Museum
Elgin City FC - Official website of Elgin City FC
Council - Moray Council
Leisure Centre - Moray Leisure Centre
- Official website for the Elgin Youth Cafe
The Paoli/Thorndale Line is SEPTA Regional Rail line that runs from Philadelphia to Thorndale in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
The city's name is French for three rivers.
Official site of Trois-Rivières
Tourisme Mauricie Regional tourist office
Troisrivieresplus.net
Répertoire des clubs de golf de Trois-Rivières
Le Nouvelliste
Grand-Prix de Trois-Rivières
Pictures of Trois-Rivières  (2001 to date)
Devin Setoguchi (born January 1, 1987 in Taber, Alberta) is an Canadian professional ice hockey right winger that currently plays for the Minnesota Wild.
Setoguchi also played 4 seasons in the WHL; 3 for the Saskatoon Blades and 1 for the Prince George Cougars.
Setoguchi is of Canadian-Japanese origins.
He was drafted by the San Jose Sharks with the 8th overall pick in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.
Setoguchi went on to play 4 seasons with the Sharks before being traded along with Charlie Coyle and a first round pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft to the Minnesota Wild for Brent Burns and second round pick in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.
Nick on CBS was a Saturday morning children's programming block for CBS that began on September 16, 2000, replacing CBS Kidshow.
This Saturday morning block presented programming from Nick Jr., which at a time shared common ownership with CBS under Viacom.
When the block first properly aired, it was hosted by Face from Nick Jr.
On September 14, 2002, Nick Jr. on CBS was re-branded as Nick on CBS, and airing both Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. shows.
The Nickelodeon shows were removed in 2005 in favor for a return to an exclusively-Nick Jr. block.
The block's continuity was provided by segments featuring Piper O'Possum.
At the beginning of New Year's Eve 2005, Viacom split into two different companies, with CBS Corporation becoming its own standalone company and Nickelodeon going to new Viacom.
Nick Jr. on CBS ended on September 9, 2006 and was replaced by KOL Secret Slumber Party on CBS on September 16, 2006, as part of a multi-year partnership between CBS and Cookie Jar Entertainment.
All programming during the block, as is standard for Saturday morning network programming, was labelled as meeting E/I requirements, as tennous as some of the claims of educational content may have been.
This is part of the reason why some of Nickelodeon's most popular programs (most notably SpongeBob SquarePants and The Fairly OddParents) did not appear on the block, even during the more open-formatted Nick on CBS era.
Live-action/animated series
Block slogans
Nick Jr. is Just for Me! (
2000-2002)
Nick on CBS, Cool! (
2002-2004)
Solo! (
2004-2005)
Nick Jr. Play to Learn (2005-2006)
Nick Jr, Playtime (2009)
Jackie Cooper (September 15, 1922 – May 3, 2011) was an American actor, television director and producer.
He started working as a child actor.
He died in a Beverly Hills Hospital after a sudden illness.
He was born in Los Angeles in 1922 as John Cooper, Jr. As a child, he appeared in the Our Gang television series as "Skippy".
In 1931, at the age of nine, he was nominated for a "Best Actor" Academy Award.
He became the youngest actor ever nominated for Best Actor.
He was best known later in life as the Daily Planet editor Perry White in the Superman movies of the 1970s and 80s.
The Black and Tans was a group of soldiers who suppressed the revolution in Ireland from 1920 to 1921.
It was mainly made of British veterans from World War I. They were called the Black and Tans because of the light khaki trousers and black/dark green tunics that they wore.
Its main purpose was to target the Irish Republican Army.
However, it also did many attacks on the Irish civilian population.
Cape Helles is a rocky area at the south-westernmost end of the Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey.
It was the scene of fighting between Turkish and British troops during the Gallipoli Campaign, 1915.
It is now the site a memorial for this campaign.
Landforms of Turkey
Katerina Kazelis (4 March 1977 in Malmö, Sweden) is a Swedish singer and Big Brother 2011 housemate of Serbian and Greek origin.
Before entering the Big Brother house on February 20, 2011 she was a school teacher.
Kazelis has been nominated each week except for two when she won immunity after winning a Big Brother task, however, she also survived each elimination round since week one in the house.
On May 8, Kazelis was evicted from the Big Brother house.
The parabola (from the Greek παραβολή) is a type of curve.
Menaechmus (380–320 BC) discovered the parabola, and Apollonius of Perga (262 BC–c190 BC) first named it.
If a cone is dissected by a plane which is parallel to one of the surfaces of the cone, the result is a parabola.
The point where the parabola reaches its maximum or minimum is called the "vertex."
At this point the curvature of the parabola is greatest.
Each parabola has a focal point.
Any ray that enters the parabola and is parallel to the axis of symmetry will pass through this point after being reflected by the curve.
Because of this fact, parabolas are important in devices such as satellite dishes, or magnifying mirrors.
Parabolas are often used to approximate curves that are more difficult to model by themselves.
Every parabola uses the equation , where ,  and  are constants, and  is not equal to .
The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (abbreviated to GHMC) is an urban planning agency that oversees Hyderabad, India.
The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation is also the local government for the City of Hyderabad.
Nizam  was the title of the native sovereigns of Hyderabad State, India, since 1719.
They belonged to the Asaf Jahi dynasty.
The dynasty was founded by Mir Qamar-ud-Din Siddiqi, a viceroy of the Deccan under the Mughal emperors from 1713 to 1721.
After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the Mughal Empire fell apart and the viceroy in Hyderabad said he was independent.
From 1798 Hyderabad was one of the princely states of British India, but it kept local control.
Seven Nizams ruled Kingdom of Hyderabad for two centuries until Indian independence in 1947.
The Asaf Jahi rulers used money to support free Education, literature, architecture, art, culture and cuisine.
The Nizams ruled the state until September 1948 after independence from the British.
The Nizams of Hyderabad were of Turkic and Hadhrami Arab Descent.
They are descendants of the first Khalifa of Islam, Abu Bakr.
Nizām-ul-mulk was a title first used in Urdu around 1600.
It comes from the Arabic word, nizām (), meaning order, arrangement.
The Nizam was also called Ala Hadrat, Ala Hazrat, or Nizam Sarkar.
Rise of the Nizams
The first Nizam ruled in place of the Mughal emperors.
After Aurangzeb died, the Mughal empire collapsed.
So, the Nizams created an independent kingdom (Hyderabad).
When the British got power over India, the Nizams continued to rule Kingdom of Hyderabad after coming into an understanding with the British.
The Nizams had power in Kingdom of Hyderabad until 17 September 1948.
Hyderabad then became part of the new Indian Union.
The Asaf Jah dynasty had only seven rulers.
However, for 13 years after the rule of the first Nizam, three of his sons (Nasir Jung, Muzafar Jung and Salabath Jung) ruled.
They were not officially recognized as rulers.
A legend about the first Nizam says that on one of his hunting trips he was offered some kulchas (an Indian bread) by a holy man.
He asked the Nizam to eat as many as he could.
The Nizam ate seven kulchas and the holy man predicted that seven generations of his family would rule the state.
Hyderabad did not join the first war of Indian Independence of 1857 against the British.
Therefore the Royal Family had the special, official status of Faithful Ally with Britain.
Contributions to society
The Nizams commissioned engineering projects such as large reservoirs like Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar.
Survey work on the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam was also initiated during this time.
The last Nizam
After the British left India in 1947, the princely state of Hyderabad did not join either of the new dominions of India or Pakistan.
While the talks were going on, the Indian army entered Hyderabad State from four sides defeated Hyderabad Nizams army and the independent razakaars.
The Nizam's rule ended on 17 September 1948.
His soldiers surrendered to the Indian govt.
All Nizams are buried in the royal graves at the Makkah Masjid near Charminar in Hyderabad.
Only the last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan is buried in a different place.
His mausoleum is in the Judi Mosque facing King Kothi Palace.
Mughal Administration of Deccan Under Nizamul Mulk Asaf Jah, 1720-48 A.D.By M. A. Nayeem, Indian Council of Historical Research, University of Poona, Dept.
of History
"The Days of the Beloved"  Harriet Ronken Lynton and Mohini Rajan, Berkeley University Press
historic city noted for its many monuments, temples, churches, mosques, and bazaars
Asaf Jahi Dynasty with Genealogical Tree and Photos
Photos on Columbia University website
Hyderabad: Compulsory education was Nizam’s concept
New York Times - A Graceful City of Two Cultures
Detailed genealogy of the Nizams of Hyderabad
Article on some aspects of life in erstwhile Hyderabad state
History of Hyderabad state
Narendra Luther, An authority on History of Hyderabad
Rare colour footage of accession ceremony of the 8th Nizam of Hyderabad in 1967 (Youtube)
Christian Schwegler (born 6 June 1984 in Ettiswil) is a Swiss footballer.
He plays for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as defender.
He started with FC Luzern in the Swiss Challenge League (2nd division) and went on to Arminia Bielefeld in Germany but after one half of the season he went back to Switzerland.
There he played for BSC Young Boys Bern.
In 2009 he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg where he played regularly as right defender.
He is known for his long throw-ins (up to 35 meters).During the match versus SV Mattersburg on 27th March 2010 he shot his first goal for Salzburg.
In the first half of the 2010/11 season he was injured and could not play the rest of the year.
Austrian Champion
1x with FC Red Bull Salzburg (2010)
Red Bull Salzburg profile
football.ch profile
Guardian Football Stats
Chien-Ming Wang (born March 31, 1980) is a Taiwanese Major League Baseball player.
He plays for the Cincinnati Reds.
He is a pitcher.
Before he played for the Nationals, Wang played for the New York Yankees.
He got 19 wins in the year of 2006 and 2007 and became the first Asian to be the win champion.
However, after his injury in 2008, he started to pitch horribly as he attained an era of 9.64 along with 1 win and 6 losses in the 2009 season.
He then got injured again and the New York Yankees did not renew his contract after.
He became a free agent.
In 2010, the Washington Nationals signed Wang and helped him recover from his injuries.
He did not attend any games in this season.
On March 15, 2012, Wang was once again injured.
When he recovered, his starting position has been replaced by Ross Detwiler and he pitched as a relief pitcher and sometimes a starter pitcher.
But he still did not do well this season.
The Fiat Seicento is a car produced by Fiat.
It replaced the Fiat Cinquecento in 1998 and like its predecessor is produced in Poland.
Sales of it in the UK ran until early 2004 when it was replaced with the second-generation Panda.
It was replaced by the new Fiat 500 in 2007, but production of the Seicento continues until 2010.
Models and engines
899 cc petrol engine, 29 kW (40 hp)
Citymatic
1108 cc petrol engine, 40 kW (54 hp)
Electrical engine, 30 kW (41 hp)
Elettra
is a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.
The city was seriously affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
However, between 1 March and 31 August 2011, less than 1% of the people left the city.
Shiogama is in the central part of Miyagi Prefecture.
It is between Sendai and Matsushima.
The city is surrounded by water and mountains: Matsushima Bay is on one side and Matsushima Hills on the other.
The flat areas of the city are mainly reclaimed land.
About 60 percent of the urban area is on reclaimed land and 40 percent on hills.
People living in the town are crowded into a narrow area.
Not much land is good for stripmalls.
Writing the name of the city
The Japanese language has several writing systems.
One of them is kanji.
Different kanji may have the same pronunciation.
Some kanji are similar in form and meaning.
There are two ways to write the name of the city.
Both ways have the basic meaning "a pot for boiling salt".
Both sound the same, but have slightly different meanings.
One way is to write 塩釜.
The other way is 塩竈.
The first way to write the city name is often used, such as on the post office, train station, many brand names, and on signs.
The second way comes from the history and an important landmark in the city.
Shiogama shrine is at the top of a hill in the city.
It is an important Shinto shrine in the Tohoku region.
The city got its name from the shrine, but the shrine is written 鹽竈神社.
The first character, 鹽, is an old character for salt.
It has been replaced in the list of kanji for general use by a simpler character, 塩.
The second character, 竈, or kamado/kama, means a large cooking area made of earth.
The newer name uses 釜, which means an iron pot.
Tōhoku Main Line: Shiogama
Senseki Line: Nishi-Shiogama, Hon-Shiogama, Higashi-Shiogama
Miyagi Prefectural Highways
3 Shiogama—Yoshioka
10 Shiogama—Watari
11 Shiogama-kō (Shiogama—Shiogama-kō)
23 Sendai—Shiogama
35 Izumi—Shigoama
58 Shiogama—Shichigahama—Tagajō
Shiogama 'Hote' festival (10 March)
Shiogama Flower festival and Shiogama Citizens Festival (late April)
Shiogama Harbor festival (Eve：before Marine Day/festival：Marine Day July)
Shiwahiko Jinja
Shiogama Jinja Museum
Okama Jinja
Magaki Jinja
Shiogama Port
Shiogama Fish Market
Urato Islands
Nagai Shiyouiti Manga Museum
Shiogama-city Community Center （Fureai ESP Shiogama）
Shiogama Kyokusui
Noda no Tamagawa（One of Japan's six Tamagawa）
Mother and child　stone
Marine Gate Shiogama
Notable people from Shiogama
Kōnosuke Fuji (Lyricist)
Miyuki Hatanaka (Mogul skiier)
Itaru Hirama (Photographer)
Masao Maruyama (Anime producer)
Takemasa Moriya (Defense vice president)
Katsuichi Nagai (First editor-in-chief of Garo)