the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
This may have an effect on decisions about the money and property of the two people.
Normally a divorce comes in force some time after the decision of approval.
Divorce with no bad doing
Under this system, divorce is possible with no argument about a bad act by one of the married people.
In some countries it is enough to make a statement that the relation is broken and it is not possible for it to be fixed.
This is true in the United States for example.
It is not necessary to say that one of the married people was responsible.
The system lets two married people make a request together or only one.
Divorce with facts in support of a bad deed by one person
In most systems of law it is necessary to give facts about a bad act by one married person to get a divorce.
The person may give arguments against the decision.
Examples of this sort of reason for a divorce are:
One person did violent or unsafe acts against the other person or their sons or daughters
addiction (where the person is dependent on a substance)
crimes or support for crimes by other people
the other person was untrue
the other person got married a second time
the other person went far from the family with no reason
Different ways of getting a divorce
Quick divorce
In some systems it is possible to get a quick divorce with simple rules.
The important questions then are:
Were they married for a short time? (
normally less than 5 years)
Do they have sons or daughters?
If yes, is there an agreement about who is responsible for them?
Do the people have a house or land?
Does their common property have a low value in money?
Does the separate property of the two persons have a low value?
Divorce with no argument
About 95% of divorces in the United States are without argument because the two people are able to come to an agreement about the property, their sons and daughters, and other questions.
The agreement may be made with the help of lawyers (experts on laws).
In some countries, there are special systems which give help to people.
For example, they are able to go a hearing with a judge but no lawyers.
Lawyers may have discussions with the people to make an agreement.
In some systems, an expert with experience of divorces makes decisions in place of a judge.
In Russia two people are able to get a divorce in the office where the government keeps records of births marriages and deaths.
One person or the two married persons make the request and it will be given if:
they are in agreement about the divorce; and
they do not have sons or daughters less than 18 years old.
Then, the office will give knowledge of the request to the other person.
After this time, the other person has one month to make an argument in writing against the request.
Then the office will put a stop to the request.
A divorce can be very stressful; some people become depressed or sad after a divorce.
If there are children, the children may also feel sad when the parents are divorced.
However, there are many resources that can help people who are divorcing, such as therapists, counsellors, books, and DVDs.
The biggest impact is always felt the children who are often force to grow up with only one parent.
This reaches its climax when the one parent taking care of the child is forced to work all day and doesn't have time for the child.
Children who have broken homes are twice as likely to drop out of high school dropout
If the parents remarry, the children of their new husband or wife are their stepchildren. "
Step-" can be put before any relation to show it is from another marriage.
If there are children in the new marriage, children from a former marriage are called half-brothers or half-sisters, since they are "half" related.
Divorce in different cultures
The law of divorce is different in every country.
Only two countries do not allow divorce, the Philippines and the Vatican.
In the Philippines, only Muslims,  are allowed to divorce, and the Vatican is the only country with no law of divorce.
In the Philippines and the Vatican, married people are not able to end their relation, but it is possible for them to say they were never married for example, because of an error.
Most religions do not agree with the couples divorcing.
Divorce in Australia follows the no-fault principle, which was established by the Family Law Act 1975.
This means that the court does not need to know the reason for the divorce, just that the marriage has broken down irretrievably.
Armchair Advice - Divorce Information  UK specific information & advice on divorce.
A writing system (also called a script) is a system of symbols used to represent language.
There are different kinds of writing systems, with symbols that represent different things.
For example, English uses an alphabet (the Latin alphabet).
Types of writing systems
There are many different types of writing systems.
Each grapheme, or symbol, can mean different things in different writing systems.
Depending on what an individual symbol means, such as a whole word or a sound, each writing system is categorized as a different type.
Logography
A logography is a writing system with symbols that mean whole words or symbols that represent ideas.
These symbols are called "logograms" or "logographs".
Examples of logographies are Chinese characters (used in Chinese) and hieroglyphs.
Syllabary
A syllabary is a writing system with symbols that each mean a syllable.
Examples of syllabaries are hiragana and katakana (used in Japanese) and the Cherokee syllabary (used in Cherokee).
An alphabet is a writing system with symbols that mean individual sounds (or phonemes).
There are different types of alphabets.
True alphabets
A true alphabet is a writing system with symbols that mean both consonants and vowels.
Examples of alphabetic writing systems are the Latin alphabet, (used in large parts of the world), the Greek alphabet (used in Greek), and the Cyrillic alphabet (used in many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where Russia had a major influence during the days of the Soviet Union).
Alphabets that only write consonants (and do not write vowels) are called abjads.
Examples of abjads are the Arabic alphabet, which is used in much of the Muslim world, and the Hebrew alphabet used for Jewish languages like Hebrew and Yiddish.
Both of these abjads are written in lines that run from right to left.
The logic is that people in those areas know what vowels are used when the words are spoken.
Abugidas are alphabets where consonants are written as a symbol, and vowels are written as diacritics.
Examples of abugidas are many writing systems of India and Southeast Asia, such as Devanagari (used in Hindi and Sanskrit).
Direction of writing
Each writing system can be written in different directions.
English (which uses the Latin alphabet) is written from left to right.
Some languages, like Arabic, are written from right to left.
Some languages, like Chinese and Japanese, can be written vertically (from top to bottom).
Constructed script - a writing system made by someone for a specific purpose
A cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) is a herbaceous plant in alpine, tundra and boreal forest.
The fruit is an amber-colored edible fruit similar to the raspberry or blackberry.
Despite great demand as a delicacy (particularly in Russia, Norway, Sweden and Finland) the cloudberry is not widely cultivated.
It is mainly a wild plant.
Wholesale prices vary widely by the size of the yearly harvest, but cloudberries have gone for as much as €10/kg (in 2004).
The ripe fruits are golden-yellow, soft and juicy, and are rich in vitamin C. When eaten fresh, cloudberries have a distinctive tart taste.
When over-ripe, they have a creamy texture somewhat like yogurt, and a sweetened flavour.
They are often made into jams, juices, tarts, and liqueurs.
They are very popular in Scandinavia.
The plant spreads by two means.
Its seeds are spread by birds and mammals.
Locally, its rhizomes develop into wide berry patches.
For people see Human migration; for data see Data migration.
Migration is when animals move on a regular cycle.
For example, caribou in the Arctic go south in winter and return in summer when it is warmer.
Many birds migrate, such as geese and storks.
Migration is the travelling of long distances in search of a new habitat.
The trigger for the migration may be local climate, local availability of food, or the season of the year.
To be counted as a true migration, and not just a local dispersal, the movement should be an annual or seasonal event.
Many birds fly to warmer places for the winter, as do some insects such as the migratory locust.
Young Atlantic salmon leave the river of their birth when they have reached a few inches (cm) in size.
Many species in the sea have a daily migration.
Plankton go up for the day where there is light, and down at night, where they are less easy to find.
The many species which feed on them follow them up and down.
Migration is an evolutionary force.
This is because it is a major source of natural selection.
The success of migratory animals to make the journey is usually needed for them to reproduce.
Many parts of the world have a strongly seasonal climate.
In order to survive, many species need to breed in one place and, later, eat in another place.
The simplest example is the African herbivores, who follow the growth of grass in East Africa.
This region has seasonal rainfall, and so it has seasonal growth of grass.
Their predators follow them.
Bird migration
Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, usually north and south along a 'flyway', between breeding and wintering grounds.
Many species of bird migrate.
Many birds die when they are migrating, and is mainly to get food.
It occurs mostly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea.
The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds.
It flies between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year.
Albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans.
The Manx shearwater migrates  between its northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean.
Shorter migrations are common, including altitudinal migrations up and down mountains like the Andes and Himalayas.
Huge distances
Since the distance that some birds travel on migration can be enormous, why such huge distances?
Migration is useful for the birds, because the seasonal  differences are to the birds' advantage.
So far as is known, migration instincts are inherited: the birds cannot make a personal choice in the matter.
All the same, in some species not all migrate.
There is a cost to migration in the number of birds which die en route.
There is an advantage only if the birds which migrate have a better chance of leaving descendants.
Studies of migration have been done since the 18th century.
There is still much we do not know about it.
Historically, bird migration would have started when the continents were close together.
It might have started in the Upper Cretaceous or the Palaeocene.
as the continents drifted apart, the bird migrations got longer and longer.
That makes sense, and probably is what happened.
There is no direct evidence.
Baker R.R. 1978.
The evolutionary ecology of animal migration.
New York: Holmes & Meyer.
Scent marks are what animals leave when they are marking their territory.
The leader of the pack rubs his/her scent on his/her pack.
This helps establish which animal belongs to which pack, and also which animal is the leader.
en:Territory (animal)#Spraying
It is on the coast of the Indian Ocean.
As of 2004, about 1,114,000 people live in the city.
Maputo was founded in the 18th century.
The original name was Lourenço Marques, but it was changed after independence.
Lisbon in Portugal is a twin town of Maputo.
Eduardo Mondlane University is in Maputo.
Provinces of Mozambique
Geography of Mozambique
The concept of original sin refers generally to the Christian belief in the universal nature of sin.
Original sin is considered to be the result of the story of Adam and Eve in The Bible.
In that story (Genesis 3), God only made one rule for them: They must not eat fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
But the snake told Eve, that eating the fruit would make Eve like God.
Eve then persuaded Adam to eat the fruit.
After they had broken  God's only rule, they were removed from the Garden of Eden.
Then Genesis tells the story of how their oldest son Cain killed his brother Abel.
Based mostly on this and many other stories and passages in the Bible and Saint Paul's statement in Romans 5:12 (Sin entered the world because one man, Adam, sinned, and death came because of sin.
Everyone sinned, so death came to all people.--NIV), Christians traditionally believe that no human is without sin.
More specifically the term "original sin" refers to the state of being part of the human race.
This was first explained fully by Saint Augustine in his writings against the Pelagians.
The Eastern Orthodox Churches do not believe in this specific doctrine of Original Sin.
American Airlines, Inc. (AA) is the largest airline of the United States.
It is based in Fort Worth It was founded in 1930 with the name American Airways.
82 small airlines were combined in 1930 to form American.
In 1934, the name was officially changed to American Airlines.
American was the first airline to have computerized reservations, a frequent-flyer program and an airline lounge.
In 1999, American helped start Oneworld.
In 2001, American bought TWA.
In 2011, American filed for bankruptcy.
American was combined with US Airways in 2013.
In 2016, American will introduce a new no-frills fare.
This is to compete with many low-cost carriers.
Accidents and incidents (only 5 listed)
American Airlines Flight 191 (1979)
American Airlines Flight 70 (1988)
American Airlines Flight 11 (2001)
American Airlines Flight 77 (2001)
American Airlines Flight 587 (2001)
American Airlines official website
American Airlines Video and Audio on MarketWatch
Airlines of the United States
United Airlines, commonly referred to as United, is a major American airline.
It was founded in Boise, Idaho in 1926 and it is currently the second largest airline in the United States to date.
It is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.
On May 3, 2010, it was announced that Continental Airlines would merge with United to become one company.
The new airlines will take the United name but use Continental's globe identity and livery.
There was a lot of negative reaction to the new livery.
Most people were in favor of the iconic "Tulip" logo, designed by Saul Bass in 1973.
The following is a handful of memorable incidents involving United Airlines flights;
United Airlines Flight 826 on December 16, 1960.
United Airlines Flight 553 on December 8, 1972.
United Airlines Flight 811 on February 24, 1989.
United Airlines Flight 175 at 9:03 a.m.
United Airlines Flight 93 at 10:03 a.m.
United Airlines Flight 328 on February 20, 2021.
History of Chicago
20th-century establishments in Idaho
Romanization or Latinization of Ukrainian is how to write the Ukrainian language in Latin letters.
Latin letters are the type that are currently used for this article.
There are two different kinds of Romanization.
These methods are transliteration, representing written text, and transcription, representing the spoken words.
The International scholarly system, also called scientific transliteration, is most often seen in linguistic publications about Slavic languages.
Each character represents one meaningful unit of sound.
This is based on the Croatian Latin alphabet.
Transcription is the representation of the spoken word.
Phonetic transcription represents every single sound, or phone, and can be used to compare different dialects of a language.
It is more specifed as the Transliteration.
Table of latinization Ukrainian letters
a Notes for the Ukrainian National system
Transliteration can be rendered in a simplified form:
Doubled consonants ж, х, ц, ч, ш are simplified, for example Запоріжжя→Zaporizhia.
Apostrophe and soft sign are omitted, except for ьо and ьї which are always rendered as ’o and ’i.
b. gh is used in the romanization of зг (zgh), avoiding confusion with ж (zh).
Magical DoReMi is a shojo anime that follows the adventures of three elementary school girls as they help Majo Rika turn back into a human being.
The anime is geared at girls aged 7-14.
The series aired in Japan on TV Asahi between February 1999 and January 2003.
It has four seasons and 201 episodes.
There are also 2 spin-off seasons and 3 fillms, the newest being "Looking For Witch Apprentices".
Doremi Harukaze - A kind-hearted, but clumsy girl with red hair.
Her sister Poppu often annoys her.
Her theme color is pink with her fairy named Dodo.
Her name in the English dub is Dorie Goodwyn.
Poppu Harukaze - Doremi's little sister with pink hair and the 4th witch.
She has good behaviour, but she is annoying to Doremi.
Her theme color is red with her fairy named Fafa.
Her name in the English dub is Caitlyn Goodwyn.
Hazuki Fujiwara - Doremi's friend; a smart, polite and shy girl with brown hair.
Her theme color is orange with her fairy named Rere.
Her name in the English dub is Reanne Griffith.
Aiko Senoo - A friend of Doremi; a sporty country girl with blue hair.
Her theme color is sky blue with her fairy named Mimi.
Her name in the English dub is Mirabelle Haywood.
Majo Rika -  a witch accidentally turned into a witch frog (a green blob) by Doremi.
Her name in the English dub is Patina.
Lala - Majo Rika's fairy with blonde hair, who is warm hearted to the Witch Apprentices.
Her name in the English dub is Lorelei.
Onpu Segawa - The 5th witch with violet hair of the show.
Her theme color is purple with her fairy named Roro.
Her name in the English dub is Ellie Craft.
Momoko Asuka - The 6th witch with fluorescent yellow hair of the show.
Her theme color is yellow with her fairy named Nini.
Hana Makihatayama - The 7th witch with lemon yellow hair of the show.
Her theme colors are white and lemon yellow with her fairy named Toto.
The story begins in a town named Misora.
Doremi Harukaze is a third-grader who is interested in magic.
After a bad day at school, Doremi wanders into a part of town that is unfamiliar.
She then sees Maho-Do, an old magic shop, and decides to look inside.
There she finds Majo Rika.
As Doremi looks around she finds out that it is a real magic shop and that Majo Rika is a witch.
When Doremi says this to Majo Rika, she turns into a Witch Frog.
After this, Majo Rika and her fairy, Lala, decide to teach Doremi how to become a witch, so she can change Majo Rika back from a witch frog.
Doremi happily agrees, wanting to learn magic.
Doremi becomes a witch in training, called a "Witch Apprentice".
Doremi practices using magic.
She learns what it is like to be a witch from her experiences.
After something very strange happens, Doremi's friends begin to ask questions.
Doremi decides to take Hazuki and Aiko to Maho-Do.
At Maho-Do, they learn what happened with Doremi and also become witch apprentices so they keep it a secret.
In the next season, "Ojamajo Doremi Sharp", they discover a magical rose garden, which they witnessed the birth of a magical baby, called Hana-chan.
4Kids TV Magical DoReMi website  - The official website for the English dub.
Toei Animation Homepage - Magical DoReMi Japanese Market management and headquarter
Toei Animation Ojamajo Doremi website - The official website to the first season of the series.
1999 anime television series
2000 anime television series
2000 manga
2001 anime television series
2001 manga
2002 anime television series
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher and writer.
At first, he was a professor at the University of Basel.
He worked in a part of classical studies called classical philology.
He later wrote several books of philosophy.
And is now known as one of the most important thinkers of modern times.
Nietzsche wrote a lot about how people make decisions and about how they live their lives.
He attacked most of the moral ideas that were popular at the time because he did not believe that there are any real facts about what is right or wrong.
He thought people should create their own facts about morality.
He also often attacked the ideas of the Christian religion - he believed that the Christian idea that one should feel pity when one sees weakness was unhelpful.
According to him, weak people rely on other people's love as a way of protecting themselves.
Nietzsche believed that people should be stronger than that.
He thought that people should be very aware of their body and of the real world in which they actually live.
He told his readers not to live in a daydream or make decisions based on unrealistic thoughts.
He believed that ideas of heaven came from an inability to cope with life in the world.
Nietzsche considered the world to be one connected thing, including mankind and nature.
He invented the idea of the "will to power".
This idea is that everyone and everything is trying to overcome itself, or defeat or take control from itself.
Therefore, if the world is just one thing, this is the force that makes the world.
Nietzsche thought that human beings would be successful at overcoming themselves, and he thought that when they did, they would be different and better.
He named the person who would do this someday a "superman" (or "Übermensch" in German).
He thought that the supermen would be stronger than normal humans, and not restricted by other people's ideas of right and wrong.
Adolf Hitler, the German Chancellor and leader of the Nazis in World War II, read Nietzsche's work.
Some people say that Hitler did not understand Nietzsche's ideas, but he used them to try to show that his actions were right.
Hitler and Benito Mussolini used the term "Übermensch" to refer to the Aryan race.
However he was not popular among all fascists.
Nietzsche wrote in a very fiery and exciting way.
However, what he wrote later in his life became more and more odd.
When he was forty years old, Nietzsche went insane.
Supposedly, one day in the city of Turin, Italy, he saw a horse being whipped by its owner and ran to save it, hugging it around the throat.
After this, Nietzsche never wrote again and could not look after himself.
This illness may have been caused by the disease syphillis, or a brain tumour.
Nietzsche is associated with anarchism, but his writing seems to have a negative opinion of anarchists.
Anarcha-feminist Emma Goldman was deeply influenced by his work.
The Death of God
The Übermensch (Overman)
The Will to Power
Apollo & Dionysus
Master & Slave Morality
Amor Fati (Love of Fate)
Eternal Recurrence
Nietzsche and Lou Andreas-Salomé
A movie screen is a surface on which a movie projector plays a movie.
They are sometimes a wall, sometimes a cloth, and sometimes paper.
Theaters have movie screens, and some people have them at home.
Movable movie screens are made to be used where there is not a movie screen already.
Screens are white or grey so that the movie shows up nicely on the screen.
This lets the people watching the movie see it easily.
Metallica is an American thrash metal/heavy metal band.
The band came together in Los Angeles in 1981 and helped to invent the thrash sub-genre of heavy metal.
They are well known for many of their songs, including "Master of Puppets", "The Unforgiven", "One", "Enter Sandman", and "Nothing Else Matters."
Since then, they have become one of metal's most popular and successful bands, and have sold over 100 million albums worldwide.
The band's fifth album, Metallica, has sold over 125 million copies, making it the twenty-fifth biggest selling album of all time in America.
The band formed after drummer Lars Ulrich placed an advertisement in a newspaper saying that he was looking for musicians to play material consisting of Tygers of Pang Tang, Diamond Head, and Led Zeppelin with.
James Hetfield, a guitar player who would become the lead singer of Metallica, answered the advertisement.
Later, Lars and James would have contact from another young aspiring guitar player seeking a band, Dave Mustaine.
Ulrich, Hetfield, Mustaine, and bass player Ron McGovney began playing in the band.
Ulrich and Hetfield saw another bass player, Cliff Burton, playing at a concert, and asked him to join the band to replace McGovney, who was having trouble getting along with other band members.
Burton later joined the band after Ulrich and Hetfield agreed to move from Los Angeles to San Francisco.
In 1983, Mustaine was kicked out of the band for his drug and alcohol problems and violent behavior, and was replaced with guitar player Kirk Hammett who left his previous band, Exodus.
Mustaine went on to form his own band Megadeth, who became extremely popular on the metal scene, and have become one of Metallica's metal contemporaries, along with Slayer and Anthrax.
All four bands are collectively known as the Big 4 of thrash metal.
In 1983, Metallica released their first studio album Kill 'Em All, on which few of the songs were still credited to Mustaine.
One year later, Metallica released their second studio album Ride the Lightning. "
Ride the Lightning" and "The Call of Ktulu," the album's final track, were the band's last songs to give Dave Mustaine writing credits.
Metallica was one of few bands at the time to deviate from the then popular hair/glam metal trend that was taking place during the 1980s, led by bands like Poison and Mötley Crüe.
In 1986, Metallica released their third studio album, Master of Puppets, which is widely considered to be one of the greatest heavy metal albums of all time.
On September 27, 1986, Cliff Burton was killed when the band's tour bus crashed in Sweden.
Burton was subsequently replaced by Jason Newsted after auditioning.
With Newsted as bassist, Metallica released their fourth studio album ...And Justice for All, reaching #6 on the Billboard 200.
The album features the song "One," which won a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 1990.
The album is criticized for its production and inaudible bass guitar, which is commonly believed to be a result of Jason Newsted's hazing, during which the other members turned down the bass guitar volume on the album.
The album is also known for having much more complex song structures than previous albums.
Metallica reached even greater success with their self-titled fifth studio album, which debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 15 million copies in the United States.
The album won a Grammy for Best Metal Performance in 1992, being Metallica's third consecutive Grammy (the second being their cover of Queen's "Stone Cold Crazy").
Pyrotechnic accident
On August 8, 1992 when the band were playing in Montreal, James Hetfield accidentally walked directly into a 12ft high pyrotechnic blast, sustaining second and third degree burns.
Fortunately, he recovered and was performing with the band again seventeen days after the accident.
Metallica's music shifted towards a more mainstream hard rock style, and continued their success with Load and ReLoad, released in 1996 and 1997, which both debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200.
Despite the albums' success, many fans were unhappy with the large change of style from Metallica's previous albums.
In 2001, Newsted left Metallica to start his own project, Echobrain, much against the band's wishes, particularly James Hetfield.
Their eighth studio album, St. Anger, was released in 2003, with producer Bob Rock playing bass after Newsted's departure.
St. Anger also debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200, but was even further disliked by fans than Load and Reload.
Shortly after the release of St. Anger, bassist Robert Trujillo joined the band after a long auditioning process with many bassists.
At Trujillo's request, his audition song was Battery, a very fast-paced song from Master of Puppets.
Death Magnetic, the band's ninth studio album, was released in September 2008, and debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200, making Metallica the first band to achieve five consecutive #1 albums in United States.
Death Magnetic showed a return to the band's thrash metal roots.
From 2008 to 2010, Metallica performed their World Magnetic Tour supporting the album's release.
The tour concluded in Melbourne, Australia November 21, 2010.
In June 2010, Metallica attended the Sonisphere Festival in Sofia, Bulgaria with the rest of the Big 4, alongside Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer.
Between Metallica's encores, all four bands took the stage to perform "Am I Evil?"
by Diamond Head.
In 2011, Lulu, a collaboration album between Metallica and Lou Reed, was released.
Many Metallica fans were dissatisfied due to stylistic differences between Reed and Metallica, but the album has managed to garner success.
In October 2013, Hetfield stated in an interview that the band would start working on their next album in early 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/metallica-106-1243995|title=Metallica's James Hetfield says band are 'itchin to start work on new album|first=|last=NME|date=9 October 2013|website=NME}}</ref>
James Hetfield – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1981–present)
Lars Ulrich – drums (1981–present)
Kirk Hammett – lead guitar, backing vocals (1983–present)
Robert Trujillo – bass, backing vocals (2003–present)
Dave Mustaine – lead guitar, backing vocals (1982–1983)
Ron McGovney – bass (1982)
Cliff Burton – bass, backing vocals (1982–1986; died 1986)
Jason Newsted – bass, backing vocals (1986–2001)
Kill 'Em All (1983)
Ride the Lightning (1984)
Master of Puppets (1986)
Garage Days Re-Revisited (1987)
Metallica (The Black Album) (1991)
Garage, Inc. (1998)
St. Anger (2003)
Death Magnetic (2008)
Lulu (2011)
Hardwired...To Self Destruct (2016)
S&M2'' (2020)
A time bomb is bomb with a timer on it.
When the timer reaches zero, the bomb will explode.
March 25 – Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens.
April 7 – Fabio Chigi becomes Pope Alexander VII
April – Admiral Robert Blake severely damages the arsenal of the Bey of Tunis.
May 7 Pope Alexander VII is chosen to be pope.
May 10 – English troops land on Jamaica
August 9 – Oliver Cromwell divides England into districts under major-generals
New Sweden (Delaware) attacked and captured by Dutch forces.
The Bibliotheca Thysiana is erected, the only surviving 17th century example in the Netherlands of a building that was designed as a library.
Emperor Go-Sai ascends to the throne of Japan
Henry IV stops the Epiphany Rising.
He kills the people who try to have Richard II of England restored as King.
The princes of the German states remove Wenceslaus as Holy Roman Emperor.
Rupert is elected as Holy Roman Emperor.
Owain Glyndŵr is called Prince of Wales by his followers.
He begins attacking Englishplaces in north-east Wales.
Manuel II Palaiologos becomes the first (and last) Byzantine Emperor to visit England.
The Medici family becomes powerful in Florence.
Luca della Robbia, Florentine sculptor
Owen Tudor, Welsh courtier (d. 1461)
January 5 – John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English politician (executed)
January 5 – Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, English politician (executed)
January 13 – Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester, English politician (executed)
January 16 – John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, English politician (executed)
February 14 – King Richard II of England (probably murdered)
April 28 – Baldus de Ubaldis, Italian jurist
June 5 – Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, rival Holy Roman Emperor
October 25 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet
December 24 – Archibald the Grim, Scottish magnate
Narayana Pandit, Indian mathematician
Timur raids the city of Baghdad in the Jalayirid Empire.
A civil war starts in the Majapahit Empire in present-day Indonesia.
May 12 – Emperor Shoko of Japan
October 27 – Catherine of Valois, queen of Henry VI of England
December 21 – Tommaso Masaccio, Italian painter
October 20 – Klaus Störtebeker, German pirate
Anabella Drummond, queen of Scotland
King Jogaila of the Poland–Lithuania union marries Anna of Celje.
She is a granddaughter of Casimir III of Poland.
May 21 – Following the death of Queen Maria of Sicily, her husband Martin I of Sicily marries Blanche of Navarre.
The University of Würzburg, Germany, is founded.
The Great Comet of 1402 is sighted.
September 29 – Fernando, the Saint Prince of Portugal
Leonor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal
March 26 – David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the throne of Scotland
May 3 – João Anes, Archbishop of Lisbon
July 13 – Jianwen Emperor of China
February 7 – King Henry IV of England marries Joanna of Navarre.
Henry 'Hotspur' Percy forms an alliance with Welsh rebel Owain Glyndŵr.
July 21 – Battle of Shrewsbury:  King Henry IV of England defeats a rebel army led by "Hotspur" Percy.
Percy is killed in the battle by an arrow in his face.
In China, the Ming Emperor Yongle moves the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.
The world's first quarantine station is built in Venice.
It is to protect against the Black Death.
Stefan Lazarević makes Belgrade the capital of the Serbian Despotate.
January 17 – George Kastrioti of Albania
February 22 – King Charles VII of France
June 11 – John IV, Duke of Brabant
Robert Wingfield, English politician
Louis III of Naples
May 10 – Katherine Swynford, widow of John of Gaunt
May 12 – William de Lode, English prior
July 23 – Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (executed)
Beyazid, Ottoman Sultan
Hajji Zayn al-Attar, Persian physician
Đurađ II Stracimirović, Serbian nobleman
June 14 – Rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr allies with the French against the English.
October 17 – Pope Innocent VII succeeds Pope Boniface IX as the 204th pope.
November 19 – St. Elizabeth's flood ruins parts of Flanders, Zeeland and Holland.
Jean de Béthencourt becomes the first ruler of the Kingdom of the Canary Islands.
Stephan Tvrtko II succeeds Stefan Ostoja as King of Bosnia.
The University of Turin is founded.
February 9 – Constantine XI, last Byzantine Emperor
February 18 – Leon Battista Alberti, Italian painter, poet, and philosopher
March 25 – (baptism) – John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, English military leader
June – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan
July 25 – Philip I, Duke of Brabant
September 10 – Gilles de Rais, French aristocrat
October 14 – Marie of Anjou, queen of Charles VII of France
Yamana Sōzen, Japanese warlord and monk
April 27 – Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
September 14 – Duke Albert IV of Austria
September 23 – Eleanor of Arborea, ruler of Sardinia
September 27 – William of Wykeham, English bishop and statesman
October 1 – Pope Boniface IX
October 15 – Marie Valois, French princess
December 13 – Albert, Count of Holland
June 8 – Archbishop Richard le Scrope of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, were executed in York on Henry IV's orders.
Bath Abbey is built in England.
First written record of whiskey being drank is recorded in Ireland.
It was distilled by Catholic monks.
Early feminist Christine de Pizan writes The Book of the City of Ladies.
March 6 – King John II of Castile
May 6 – George Kastrioti, Albanian national hero
October 18 – Pope Pius II
February 14 – Timur, Turco-Mongol monarch and conqueror
May 29 – Philippe de Mézières, advisor to Charles V of France
April 4 – James I becomes King of Scotland.
October 26 – Eric of Pomerania marries Philippa, daughter of Henry IV of England.
November 30 – Pope Gregory XII succeeds Pope Innocent VII as the 205th pope.
December 25 – John II becomes King of Castile.
Construction of the Forbidden City begins in Beijing.
September 26 – Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English soldier and politician
Ulrich II of Celje
Lorenzo Valla, humanist
January 6 – Roger Walden, English bishop
March 19 – Ibn Khaldun, Arab historian
April 4 – King Robert III of Scotland
May 4 – Coluccio Salutati, Chancellor of Florence
July 15 – Duke William of Austria
August 28 – John de Sutton V
November 1 – Joanna, Duchess of Brabant
November 6 – Pope Innocent VII
December 25 – King Henry III of Castile
April 10 – The fifth Karmapa finally visits the Ming Dynasty capital, then at Nanjing.
November 23 – The Duke of Orleans is killed; war starts again between the Burgundians and his followers.
Rudolfo Belenzani leads a revolt against Bishop Georg von Liechtenstein in Trento, Italy.
March 15 – Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden
August 27 – Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun
Thomas de Littleton, English judge
March 7 – Francesco I Gonzaga, ruler of Mantua
April 23 – Olivier de Clisson, French soldier
November 23 – Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, brother of Charles VI of France
Pero López de Ayala, Spanish soldier
Tokugawa Chikauji, Japanese nobleman
December 13 – The Order of the Dragon is founded under King Sigismund of Hungary.
Henry, Prince of Wales retakes Aberystwyth from Owain Glyndŵr.
April 8 – Jadwiga of Lithuania, Polish princess
May 31 – Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shogun
Pope Matthew of Alexandria
Elizabeth le Despenser, English noblewoman
John VII Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor
Miran Shah, son of Timur
January 1 – The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English.
December 2 – The University of Leipzig opens.
Martin I of Aragon becomes King of Sicily.
Ulugh Beg becomes governor of Samarkand.
Venice buys the port of Zadar from Hungary.
January 16 – René of Anjou
October 1 – Karl Knutsson, King of Sweden
Bernardo Rossellino, Florentine sculptor and architect
May 13 – Jan z Tarnowa, Polish nobleman
May 22 – Blanche of England, sister of King Henry V
July 25 – King Martin I of Sicily
Thomas Merke, English bishop
January 16 – The Medici family are  made official bankers of the Papacy.
End of the reign of Emperor Go-Komatsu of Japan.
Emperor Shoko ascends to the throne of Japan.
John II of Castile, declared Valladolid laws that restricted the social rights of Jews.
Among many other resrictions the laws forced Jews to wear distinctive clothes and denied from them any administrative positions.
January 6 – Joan of Arc
February 24-25 – Rebellious soldiers kill Albrecht von Wallenstein
March 1 – Battle at Smolensk, King Ladislaus IV of Poland defeats Russian army.
March 25 – The first settlers arrive in St. Mary's City, Maryland (led by Lord Baltimore), the fourth permanent settlement in British North America.
August 18 – Urbain Grandier, a priest accused of sorcery, burned alive in Loudun, France.
September 5 and September 6 – Battle of Nördlingen (1634) results in Catholic victory
Moses Amyraut's Traite de la predestination is published
Curaçao captured by the Dutch
Treaty of Polianovska
First meeting of the Académie française
Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin
Opening of Covent Garden Market in London
English establish a settlement at Cochin, now Kochi on Malabar coast
First decennial performance of the Oberammergau Passion Plays
Oxford University Press receives its charter and becomes the second of the privileged presses
April 28– Urbain Grandier
Zinedine Yazid Zidane (born 23 June 1972, nicknamed Zizou, Yaz and ZZ) is a French former football player that played as a Midfielder.
He played for four European clubs and the French national team.
He was the current manager of Real Madrid since 2016 to 2021.
Zidane played for several famous football clubs, like Juventus of Italy and Real Madrid of Spain.
He led France to win the 1998 FIFA World Cup and the 2000 European Football Championship.
In 2002 he also won the UEFA Champions League for Real Madrid, which was the ninth championship for Real Madrid.
Zidane was picked as the FIFA World Player of the Year three times.
He led France to the 2006 World Cup final and was arguably the best player in the tournament.
He was said to be one of the greatest players of his generation and of all time.
In 2006, Zidane announced that he would retire after the World Cup.
Zidane was famous for headbutting Marco Materazzi in the chest during the 2006 FIFA World Cup final at the 110th minute of extra time and was sent off with a red card.
France eventually lost 5-3 in penalties to Italy and got second place.
This incident was widely known as the Zidane headbutt.
There is even a sculpture of it in Doha, Qatar.
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|Cannes||rowspan="4"|Division 1||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|1989/90||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|1990/91||28||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||1
|1991/92||31||5||0||0||4||0||35||5
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="4"|Division 1||35||10||0||0||colspan="2"|-||35||10
|1993/94||34||6||0||0||6||2||40||8
|1994/95||37||6||3||2||4||1||44||9
|1995/96||33||6||14||3||8||1||55||10
|1996/97||rowspan="5"|Juventus||rowspan="5"|Serie A||29||5||9||1||10||2||48||8
|1997/98||32||7||13||5||11||3||56||15
|1998/99||25||2||6||0||10||0||41||2
|1999/00||32||4||14||5||4||0||50||9
|2000/01||33||6||7||2||4||0||44||8
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Real Madrid||rowspan="5"|La Liga||31||7||9||1||9||3||49||11
|2002/03||33||9||7||3||14||3||54||15
|20018/04||33||6||11||4||10||3||54||13
|2004/05||29||6||0||0||10||0||39||6
|2005/06||29||9||15||5||4||0||48||14
|1994||2||2
|1997||8||1
|1998||15||5
|2000||13||4
|2001||8||2
|2004||7||4
|2005||5||2
Total||108||31
French footballers
Sportspeople from Marseille
Babylon was a  city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, in present-day Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 mi) south of Baghdad.
All that remains of the original ancient city of Babylon today is a mound of broken mud-brick buildings and debris in the fertile Mesopotamian plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Babylon was at first a small town which sprung up at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BCE.
The town flourished and became well-known and important.
Babylon eclipsed Nippur as the 'holy city' of Mesopotamia.
This was about from 612 to 539 BCE.
It was the time Hammurabi first unified the Babylonian Empire.
Babylon became the capital city of the Neo-Babylonian Empire .
Assyrian period
During the reign of Sennacherib of Assyria, Babylonia was in a constant state of revolt,  It was only pacified by the complete destruction of the city of Babylon.
In 689 BCE, its walls, temples and palaces were razed, and the rubble was thrown into the Arakhtu, the river on the south side of the city.
This act shocked the religious conscience of Mesopotamia.
After the murder of Sennacherib by two of his sons, his successor Esarhaddon hurried to rebuild the old city.
He was crowned there, and it was where he lived for part of the year.
Neo-Babylonian Chaldean Empire
With the recovery of Babylonian independence, a new era of building followed, and Nebuchadnezzar II (604–561 BCE) made Babylon into one of the wonders of the ancient world.
Nebuchadnezzar ordered the complete reconstruction of the imperial grounds, including rebuilding the Etemenanki ziggurat and the construction of the Ishtar Gate — the most spectacular of eight gates that ringed the perimeter of Babylon.
All that was ever found of the Original Ishtar gate was the foundation and scattered bricks.
Nebuchadnezzar is also credited with the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (one of the seven wonders of the ancient world), said to have been built for his homesick wife Amyitis.
Whether the gardens did exist is a matter of dispute.
Historians disagree about the location, and some believe it may have been confused with gardens in Nineveh.
Persia captures Babylon
In 539 BCE, the Neo-Babylonian Empire fell to Cyrus the Great, the king of Persia, in the Battle of Opis.
The walls of Babylon were very high and very thick.
The only way into the city was through one of its many gates.
The Euphrates flowed next to the  walls and Cyrus decided to use the river to get into the city.
Cyrus' troops diverted the Euphrates river.
This caused the level of the river to drop allowing soldiers to enter the city.
The Babylonians had held a celebration that evening.
The Persian Army took over most of the city before the Babylonians had become aware that the Persians had gotten into the city.
The account was reported by Herodotus, and is also mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
Cyrus claimed the city by walking through the gates of Babylon with little or no resistance from the drunken Babylonians.
Cyrus later issued a decree allowing people, including the Jews, to return to their own land.
This is mentioned in the Old Testament.
It allowed Jews' temple to be rebuilt in Jerusalem.
Under Cyrus and the subsequent Persian king Darius the Great, Babylon became the capital city of the 9th Satrapy (Babylonia in the south and Athura in the north).
It was a centre of learning and scientific advancement.
In Achaemenid Persia, the Babylonian arts of astronomy and mathematics were revitalised.
Babylonian scholars made maps of constellations.
The city was the administrative capital of the Persian Empire.
This empire was the most powerful of the then known world.
Many important archaeological discoveries have been made that improve our understanding of that era.
The early Persian kings had tried to keep the religious ceremonies of Marduk.
By the reign of Darius III, over-taxation and numerous wars had led to a deterioration of Babylon's main shrines and canals, and the disintegration of the region.
Despite three rebellions in 522 BCE, 521 BCE and 482 BCE, the land and city of Babylon remained under Persian rule for two centuries.
In 331 BCE, Alexander the Great took over.
Under the Parthian Empire, Babylon continued to shrink and lose importance.
January 16 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.
April 1 – The Sea Beggars, Netherlandish Calvinist rebels, capture the port city of Brielle.
This leads to a wave of uprisings in Holland and Zealand, leaving most of those provinces (with the exception of Amsterdam), under rebel control.
June 25 – The Sea Beggars capture the city Gorkum.
Several Roman Catholic priests are put into a prison.
July 9 – The Sea Beggars hang 19 previously imprisoned Roman Catholic priests at Brielle.
August 18 – Wedding in Paris of the Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre with Marguerite de France, sister of King Charles, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics.
August 24 – St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in Paris.
Catholics in Paris murder thousands of Protestants, including Gaspard de Coligny, at the order of King Charles IX.
Henry of Navarre and the Prince of Condé barely escape the same fate.
This brings about the Fourth War of Religion in France.
November 9 – Siege of Sancerre Catholic forces of the king lay siege to Sancerre, a Huguenot stronghold in central France.
The fortified city held out for nearly eight months without bombard artillery.
It was one of the last time slings were used in European history.
December – The Duke of Alva, Spanish commander in the Netherlands, lays siege to Haarlem.
Ending of the Muromachi period in Japan
Tycho Brahe observes the supernova SN 1572 in Cassiopeia
Vilcabamba, last independent part of the Inca Empire, conquered by Spanish
Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Orhan I (1326-1359) to Murad I (1359-1389)
Berlin joins the Hanseatic League.
Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, and her husband Louis of Bavaria are absolved from excommunication.
Second Treaty of London signed between England and France, but rejected by the French States-General on May 25.
February 24 – Margaret I defeats Albert in battle, thus becoming ruler of Denmark, Norway and Sweden
June 28 – Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and Ottomans.
Both leaders, the Serbian Prince Lazar and Murad I were killed in battle.
Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Murad I (1359-1389) to Beyazid I (1389-1402)
Genetic engineering (GE), also called genetic modification, is a branch of applied biology.
It is the changing of an organism's genome using biotechnology.
These methods are recent discoveries.
The techniques are advanced, and full details are not given here.
new DNA may be inserted in the host genome by getting a DNA sequence,  and then putting this into the host organism by using a molecular biology vector.
genes may be removed, or "knocked out", using an enzyme called a zinc finger nuclease.
gene targeting is a different technique which uses recombination to change a gene.
It can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce mutations.
An organism that is altered by genetic engineering is a genetically modified organism (GMO).
The first GMOs were bacteria in 1973; GM mice were made in 1974.
Insulin-producing bacteria were commercialized in 1982.
Genetically modified food has been sold since 1994, including crops.
Genetic engineering techniques have been used in research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine.
Enzymes used in laundry detergent, and medicines such as insulin and human growth hormone are now manufactured in GM cells.