the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Biography from the Philippine Air Force website
Filipino military people
The Piccio family is a family of Portuguese Jewish origin.
The family's name is an Italianisation of the original Portuguese Figo.
Efrem Piccio, Venetian rabbi
Lazzaro Piccio, Venetian rabbi
Vicente Mondéjar Piccio, a general in the Philippine air force
Italian families
Portugal established
Pope Innocent II
Donald Duck is a cartoon character created by Walt Disney.
He is a white duck with an yellowish-orange bill and legs.
He usually wears a sailor cap, a blue sailor shirt and a black or red bow tie.
He first appeared on-screen in "The Wise Little Hen" on 9 June 1934.
Donald is Scrooge McDuck's nephew.
His girlfriend is Daisy Duck.
His nephews are Huey, Dewey and Louie.
Donald appeared in animated shorts, comic books, and newspaper comic strips.
Donald Duck appears frequently in The Mickey Mouse Clubhouse.
Donald Duck is the third most popular cartoon character of all time, after Mickey Mouse and Bugs Bunny.
Donald Duck has had a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame since 2004.
Duck, Donald
January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign the Triple Alliance.
February 26-March 6 What is now the northeastern United States was paralyzed by a series of blizzards that buried the region.
March 2 — Dancer John Weaver performs in the first ballet in Britain shown in Drury Lane  The Loves of Mars and Venus.
March 31 – Bishop Benjamin Hoadly, acting on the advice of King George begins the Bangorian Controversy by saying that God favors churches with no government.
June 24 — The Premier Grand Lodge of England (UGLE), a branch of Freemasonry, is started in London.
September: The first known Druid revival ceremony is held by John Toland at Primrose Hill, in London, at the Autumnal Equinox, to found the Mother Grove, what is later to become the Ancient Order of Druids (AOD).
December 24/25 A disastrous storm flood hits the North Sea coast between the Netherlands and Denmark.
Thousands die or lose their houses.
Voltaire is sentenced to Bastille for a year because of his satirical writings.
Spain unites its South American colonies as New Grenada.
Montevideo, Uruguay, founded by Portuguese.
A rift between George I of Great Britain and his son the Prince of Wales leads to the latter being thrown out of the royal household.
December 25 – Pope Pius VI, Roman Catholic pope during the French revolution. (
Montevideo is the capital and the largest city in Uruguay.
It was founded by the Portuguese in 1717.
Its best neighbourhood is called Carrasco.
This neighbourhood is very exclusive due to its architectural styles.
1726 establishments
18th-century establishments in the Viceroyalty of Peru
18th-century establishments in Uruguay
Esther is the name of a book in the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible) and the Old Testament, and also its title heroine.
It is the basis for the Jewish celebration Purim.
Author and Date
Although it is never said who wrote the book of Esther, from inside evidence it is possible to make some guesses about the author and when it was written.
The author was a Jew, because he emphasizes where the Jewish festival came from and from the Jewish nationalism inside the story.
The author probably lived in a Persian city, because he knew Persian customs well, and does not say anything about the land of Judah or Jerusalem.
The earliest date of the book would be a little while after the events were told, for instance, about 460 B.C. (before Ezra's return to Jerusalem).
It is also thought that the festival of Purim had been celebrated some time before this book was written.
Purpose, Themes, and Features
The author's main purpose was to write about how the yearly festival of Purim started and to make people remember the saving of the Jewish people during King Xerxes' reign.
The book shows both the start of the festival and why it should continue to be celebrated.
In the book, the author repeatedly talks about the conflict between Israel and the Amalekites, a conflict that began during the exodus and continued through Israel's history.
The author of Esther views them as the symbol of all the powers of the world against God's people.
Now that Israel has been released from captivity, Haman's dangerous edict is the final try in the Old Testament time to get rid of them.
When Haman is defeated, Israel enjoys a time of rest.
Feasting is another important theme in Esther, as seen in the picture on the left.
Banquets are the setting for important parts of the story.
There are ten banquets.
Style and Features
Repetition is one of the main stylistic features of the book of Esther.
The three groups of banquets come in pairs; there are two lists of the king's servants; two reports that Esther hid her identity; two gatherings of women; two houses for the women; two fasts; two talks by Haman with his wife and friends; two sudden visits to the king by Esther; two coverings of Haman's face; two royal commands; two cool-downs of the king's anger; two days for the Jews to protect themselves and take vengeance; and two letters about how Purim started.
Another important feature of this book that has often been wondered about is that it never directly talks about God, worship, prayer, or sacrifice.
This has made some people think the book is not as religious as other books.
However, it is possible that the author purposefully did not say anything about God or anything religious to show more clearly that it is God who controls all the "unimportant" coincidences that are in the story and ends in saving the Jews.
The Persian King Xerxes kicked out his wife, Queen Vashti, after she refused his demand, and fell in love with Esther at a beauty contest.
He took Esther as the new Persian queen, not knowing she was an Israelite.
Haman, Xerxes' prime minister, developed a grudge against Mordecai because he would not bow down to him, but only to the God of Israel.
He despised Mordecai because he was a Jew, and tried to trick the king into making a law to kill all Jews.
Haman was unaware that Queen Esther herself was a Jew.
Queen Esther discovered the plot by Haman and worked to stop it.
She invited the king to dine with Haman present so she could tell him about the plot.
But her courage failed her and she said nothing.
She again invited King Xerxes and Haman to dine and this time she told the king of Haman's plot.
The king, furious, stormed out and Haman begged Esther for mercy.
When the king returned, he mistakenly believed Haman had molested his queen, and had him hanged on the same gallows that Haman had prepared for Mordecai.
In the end, thanks to Esther's courage and influence, the king changed the law and saved the Jewish people.
Clay is a fine-grained silicate mineral made when rocks break down.
Wet clay is soft and can be shaped to make pottery, bricks and other things.
When it is shaped and then fired in a kiln to make it hard, it becomes pottery.
Clay often contains some water because the water molecules stick to the tiny grains.
There may also be some organic materials in the clay.
There are 35 recognized clay mineral species on Earth, they make muds stick together ('cohesive'), or able to flow ('plastic').
The thixotropy of clay sometimes causes landslides.
Quartz, feldspars, iron oxides, and carbonates can weather to sizes of a typical clay mineral.
The formation of clay is well understood.
It can come from soil, volcanic ash, and glaciation.
Ancient mudrocks are another source, because they weather and disintegrate easily.
Clay is by far the smallest particles recognized in mudrocks.
A clay particle is about 1/1000th the width of a sand grain.
This means a clay particle will travel 1000 times further at constant water velocity, thus requiring quieter conditions for settlement.
Where the grains are more than a few millimeters wide, the material is called silt, not clay.
The rifle is a gun with a stock to brace against the shoulder and a barrel with twisting grooves.
The grooves are called rifling and make bullets spin as they fly through the air.
Rifles are made to shoot many different sizes of bullets using different amounts of gunpowder.
Rifles are usually made to be able to hit targets at long ranges.
Modern rifles are made for many different purposes.
Some are made for hunting animals.
Some are made for soldiers to use in war.
Others are made for police to have in case they need them.
Some rifles are made for target shooting.
Rifles can work in different ways.
Some rifles have what is called a bolt action.
A small handle is used to move a part of the rifle called a "bolt".
By moving the bolt backward, then forward, allows the shooter put a bullet in the chamber ready for firing.
It also ejects any spent shells still in the chamber from any previously fired rounds.
The rifle in the picture above is a bolt action.
Some rifles are semi-automatics, where a bullet is loaded (automatically) and fired each time the trigger is pulled.
Some are fully automatic, which work like semi-automatics but allow the shooter to fire more than one bullet at a time by holding down the trigger.
The automatic rifle stops firing when the trigger is released or it runs out of ammunition.
Quick Guide to Olympic Shooting
Nazarian's Gun's Recognition Guide on Bolt Action Rifles
Nazarian's Gun's Recognition Guide on Automatic Rifles
UK Air Rifles
Israeli Special Forces Rifles at isayeret.com
On the AK-47's social and military effect on history
WW2-era Small Arms
ShootingWiki.org Competition Arms Database
July 25 - A Solar eclipse happened.
It was one of the reasons Charles Messier became an astrologer.
February 15-Jeremy Bentham
Deuterocanonical books means "second canon" in Greek.
It usually means the parts of the Bible that are only used by some Christian churches (mostly Roman Catholic and Orthodox).
The books only exist in Greek language manuscripts that were written by the Jewish people living in Greek speaking areas of the Mediterranean Sea between 250 and 50 BC, as were all of the books of the Old Testament.
It was not until circa 900 AD that the Old Testament as known in Jewish and Protestant religions was written in Hebrew and limited to the current so-called "canons".
The books are not part of the Jewish Tanakh (also called the Hebrew Bible), although they were quoted as Scripture well into the Middle Ages as is found in the Jewish Mishna and later Rabbinical writings, even into the 6th century AD.
The current Jewish canon was closed by the time of the Masoretic Text in the 10th century AD.
Some books considered deuterocanonical by Catholics are:
The Book of Tobit
The Book of Judith
The First Book of Maccabees, also called 1 Maccabees
The Second Book of Maccabees, also called 2 Maccabees
The Wisdom of Solomon, also called The Book of Wisdom
The Book of Sirach, also called Ecclesiasticus
The Book of Baruch, with the Letter of Jeremiah as its last chapter
The Book of Daniel and the Book of Esther are longer in Catholic Bibles than in Protestant Bibles because they have more stories.
Many, but not all Protestant churches do not accept these books as inspired by God and use the derogatory term for them: Apocrypha.
Martin Luther considered these books good to read while John Calvin read and studied them but did not think they should be part of the Bible.
The Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church,
A sidekick is someone who regularly travels with, and helps, another person.
In fiction, the other person is often a crimefighter or superhero, such as Batman and his sidekick Robin.
Some people consider Sancho Panza, Don Quixote's ever-faithful companion, to be a type of sidekick, even though the book was written long before the word sidekick was invented.
Annabeth Chase is nobody's sidekick.
A jurist (from medieval Latin) is someone who researches and studies jurisprudence (theory of law).
The Nicobar Islands are an island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean.
They are part of India.
The Nicobar islands include 22 islands of different sizes.
The largest one is Great Nicobar.
The total land area of the chain is 1841 km².
The highest point on the Nicobars is Mount Thullier at 642 m. The population of the islands was 42,026 in 2001, roughly 65% of whom are indigenous peoples (the Nicobarese and Shompen peoples, listed among the Scheduled Tribes of India), and 35% migrants from India and Sri Lanka.
The Nicobars are located southeast of the Indian subcontinent.
They are separated form the subcontinent by the Bay of Bengal by about 1,300 km and are separated from the Andaman Islands to the north by the 150 km wide Ten Degree Channel and are 189 km from the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southeast.
The Andaman and Nicobar islands separate the Bay of Bengal from the Andaman Sea.
Until the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, Indira Point, south of Great Nicobar, was the southernmost point in India.
The islands cluster into three groups.
The northern group includes Car Nicobar (127 km²) and uninhabited Batti Malv (2 km²).
The central group includes Chowra (8 km²), Teressa (101 km²), Poahat (13.3 km²), Katchal (174 km²), Camorta (188 km²), Nancowry (67 km²), and Trinket (86 km²); the Isle of Man and Tillangchong (17 km²) are uninhabited.
Tillangchong is a wildlife sanctuary.
The southern group includes Great Nicobar (1045 km²), Little Nicobar (157 km²), Kondul (4 km²) and Pulomilo (1 km²); the islets of Meroe, Trak, Treis, Menchal, Cubra, Pigeon, and Megapod are uninhabited.
Megapod is a wildlife sanctuary.
Administratively the Islands are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a Union territory of India.
The capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands territory is Port Blair on South Andaman.
The Union Territory is divided into two districts, Andaman district and Nicobar district (the latter encompassing all of the Nicobars).
The Indian Government presently restricts access to the Nicobars by special permit, and in general non-Indian citizens are forbidden from visiting the Nicobar Islands.
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a union territory of India.
The name is often shortened to A & N Islands, or ANI.
The islands are in the Indian Ocean, in the southern part of the Bay of Bengal.
The capital of this territory is the Andamanese town of Port Blair.
It is made of two island groups - the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands - separating the Andaman Sea to the east, from the Indian Ocean.
These two groups are separated by the 10° N parallel, the Andamans lying to the north of this latitude, and the Nicobars to the south.
The channel that separates ANI is the 10° degree channel.
This islands have the only active volcano in India, Barren Island.
These islands are also uninhabitated.
It also has the lowest point in India, The Indira Point
The territory's population in the last (2001) census of India was 356,152.
Added together, the total land area of the territory is around 6,496 km² or 2,508 mi², it is larger than the Palestinian territories but smaller than Georgia territory of Abkhazia.
Territorial symbols of Andaman and Nicobar
Kazan (; ) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russia's largest cities.
It is a major industrial, commercial and cultural center, and remains the most important center of Tatar culture.
Kazan lies at the meeting of the Volga (İdel) and Kazanka (Qazansu) rivers in central European Russia.
The literal translation of Tatar qazan is a boiler or cauldron.
Or, it may have come from qazğan, Tatar for dug [ditch].
"Qazan" is originally a name for a special cooking pan, a kind of a wok, but heavier.
It was believed that the city of Kazan is named after this object because of its geographical similarity with a "qazan"-pan; namely the city is in a U - shape lowland.
Nevertheless, Chuvash legends refer to Bulgarian prince Khusan (Chuvash rendering of Muslim name Hassan) and Chuvashes call this city Хусан after the name of this prince.
In 2021, nine people were killed in a mass shooting.
A tornado is a tube of violently spinning air that touches the ground.
Wind inside the tornado spins fast, but the actual 'circle' of wind around them is huge.
This makes tornadoes very dangerous.
Tornadoes are especially dangerous to people in cars or mobile homes and about 60 people are killed by tornadoes every year.
Word origin tornado- 1550s, ternado, navigator's word for violent windy thunderstorm in the tropical Atlantic, probably a mangled borrowing from Spanish tronada "thunderstorm," from tronar "to thunder," from Latin tonare "to thunder" (see thunder (n.)).
Also in 17c.
spelled tornatho, tornathe, turnado; modern spelling by 1620s.
Metathesis of -o- and -r- in modern spelling influenced by Spanish tornar "to twist, turn," from Latin tornare "to turn."
Meaning "extremely violent whirlwind" is first found 1620s; specifically "destructive rotary funnel cloud" (especially in the U.S. Midwest) from 1849.
Related: Tornadic.
Tornadoes destroy things.
They can tear houses to pieces and often leave people homeless.
Tornadoes can be caused by winds that have been going opposite directions with humidity.
They are smaller than hurricane but stronger.
Nearly three quarters of the world's tornadoes happen in the United States.
However, they can happen anywhere.
Tornadoes mostly happen during strong thunderstorms called super cell storms.
They cause a lot of damage to anything in their path.
Tornadoes are ranked on the Enhanced Fujita scale, from EF0 to EF5.
EF0 for tornados that caused the least damage, and EF5 for the ones that caused the most.
Tornadoes can happen in nearly any part of the world.
In the United States, a tornado has happened in all states.
The middle part of the United States is nicknamed 'Tornado Alley' for the number of tornadoes there.
A tornado can have wind speeds of over 300 miles per hour (480 km/h).
Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (180 km/h), are about 250 feet (80 m) across and travel a few miles before disappearing.
Other tornado-like phenomena that exist in nature include the gustnado, dust devil, fire whirls, and steam devil; downbursts are frequently confused with tornadoes, though their action is not similar.
Condensation funnel
A tornado does not necessarily need to be visible; however, the extremely low pressure caused by the high wind speeds and rapid rotation usually causes water vapor in the air to condense into a visible condensation funnel.
The tornado is the vortex of wind, not the condensation cloud.
Tornado family
A single storm may produce multiple tornadoes and mesocyclones.
Tornadoes produced from the same storm are referred to as a tornado family.
Sometimes multiple tornadoes from distinct mesocyclones occur at the same time.
Occasionally, several tornadoes are spawned from the same very large storm.
If there is no break in their activity, this is considered a tornado outbreak, although there are various definitions.
A period of several successive days with tornado outbreaks in the same general area (spawned by multiple weather systems) is a tornado outbreak sequence, occasionally called an extended tornado outbreak.
Sometimes, tornadoes happen in groups.
148 tornadoes struck on the same day in April 1974.
Many towns in the midwestern United States and Canada were destroyed.
More than 300 people died.
They were hit by flying wrecks, buried under houses, and thrown by powerful winds.
That day, students in Xenia, Ohio were practicing for a play on the auditorium stage.
One girl looked out the window and saw the tornado.
The students ran into the hall, covering their heads.
A few seconds later, all the school buses flew right onto the stage.
A man in another town hid under the couch in his living room.
He held onto one couch leg.
The tornado struck his house, and winds blew around him.
When the tornado left, he was outside.
There was no house.
The couch had disappeared, and he was only holding onto one couch leg.
Damage scale
The Fujita scale and the Enhanced Fujita Scale rate tornadoes by how much damage they cause.
The Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale was an update to the older Fujita scale.
The updated scale uses engineered wind estimates and has better damage descriptions.
The EF Scale was designed so that a tornado rated on the Fujita scale would get the same numerical rating, and was used in the United States since 2007.
An EF0 tornado will probably damage trees but not big buildings, whereas an EF5 tornado can rip buildings off their foundations leaving them destroyed and even damage big skyscrapers.
In the United States, 80% of tornadoes are EF0 and EF1 (T0 through T3) tornadoes.
Less than 1% of tornadoes are violent tornadoes (EF4, T8 or stronger).
Tornado watches/warnings/emergencies
A "tornado watch" is given when the weather conditions look like a tornado could form.
A 'PDS (Particularly Dangerous Situation)' watch is given when a likely tornado outbreak is to start, many strong tornadoes will form in the area, or an ongoing tornado outbreak is in the works in the area.
A "tornado warning" is given if somebody has actually seen a tornado or if a tornado 'signature' (usually the storm has a 'hook' or 'U' echo) has shown up on radar.
Tornado emergencies are issued in Special Weather Statements or Tornado Warnings saying that a powerful tornado is about to hit an area with a lot of people in it (especially cities in Tornado Alley), a tornado has been spotted, and the tornado is expected to cause deaths.
Myths and misconceptions
It is often thought that opening windows will lessen the damage caused by a tornado.
While there is a big drop in atmospheric pressure inside a strong tornado, it is unlikely that the pressure drop would be enough to cause the house to explode.
Opening windows may actually increase the tornado's damage.
A violent tornado can destroy a house whether its windows are open or closed.
Another common misconception is that highway overpasses provide adequate shelter from tornadoes.
Due to the Venturi effect, tornadic winds are stronger in the small space of an overpass.
In the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak of May 3, 1999, three highway overpasses were directly hit by tornadoes.
At each of the three places there was a death, along with many life-threatening injuries.
By comparison, during the same tornado outbreak, more than 2000 homes were completely destroyed, with another 7000 damaged, and yet only a few dozen people died in their homes.
There are areas which people believe to be safe from tornadoes, whether by being in a city, near a major river, hill, or mountain, or even protected by supernatural forces.
Tornadoes have been known to cross major rivers, climb mountains, hit valleys, and have damaged several city centers.
As a general rule, no area is safe from tornadoes, though some areas are more likely to be hit than others.
Safety tips
Go to the lowest floor of the building.
Stay close to the center of the building and away from windows, for example, a bathroom with no windows and get into the bathtub.
Find a piece of strong furniture or a mattress to go under or hide in a closet and wait until it is over.
If you are in a school, do not go to the gymnasium or any other place that has a high ceiling.
Squat near the wall, placing your hands on the back of your head.
If you cannot find shelter, find the lowest, most protected ground and cover your head with your hands.
Do not drive in tornadoes.
If you are in your car, position your head above the steering wheel, and cover yourself up.
Do not seek shelter underneath an underpass or a bridge, as winds can send debris in your path.
Natural Disasters - Tornado
A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk or hard drive, is a data storage device for computers which uses magnetic storage to store data.
The capacity of a hard drive is usually measured in gigabytes (GB), however hard disk capacity can also be measured in terabytes when the capacity is over 1000 gigabytes.
A gigabyte is one thousand megabytes and a megabyte is one million bytes, which means that a gigabyte is one billion bytes.
Some hard drives are so large that their capacity is measured in terabytes, (TB) where one terabyte is a thousand gigabytes (1 TB = 1000 GB).
Different interfaces
Over the years there have been many disk interface types, though all used the same rotating platter recording technology.
Differences were in how the data was encoded to binary, data integrity, data transfer speeds, cabling requirements, and cost.
In 2009, it was common to attach a hard disk using a Serial ATA connection.
The connection that came before that was called "IDE" and is called Parallel ATA today.
In large data centers, Fibre Channel is often used.
For servers, the SCSI interface is very popular.
There are several types and versions of SCSI interface, like parallel and Serial Attached SCSI, each stepping-up in terms of speed and price.
Within servers, several SCSI drives are often used in conjunction with each other, in order to safeguard against data loss or corruption (this is known as RAID - and there are many configurations to choose from).
An HDD has a disk motor and an actuator motor that positions the read/write head.
Wires from the actuator connect to the read/write head to amplifiers.
They are bridged by the head support arm.
In modern drives, acceleration at the head reaches 550 g, so a head support arm connects the actuator and the read/write head.
The actuator controls the read/write head and acts as a permanent magnet.
A metal plate supports a squat neodymium-iron-boron (NIB) magnet.
Beneath this plate is the voice coil, which is attached to the actuator hub.
Beneath the actuator hub is a second NIB magnet, mounted on the bottom plate of the actuator.
The voice coil is shaped like an arrow.
It is made up of a magnet with plastic insulation.
This magnet interacts with the actuator magnet, causing the disk to move.
If the magnetic field were uniform it would cancel out, but the surface magnet is divided between north and south poles in the middle so force is produced instead of canceled out.
Hard Drive Corruption
Virus & Malware Attack:- If a system is attacked by a virus, the important boot files stored in the internal hard disk may be deleted, leading to boot failure.
Meanwhile, the crucial data and the complete partition may also be deleted by the virus or malware attack.
Due to Physical Damage:- It is also called hardware failure, and consists the following types: Overheating of hard drive, Read/write head crash, Cracked or poor-contact data line, Scratch on magnetic platters, Short circuit in the control circuit board and much more.
The data lost due to these kinds of reasons can hardly be repaired.
A user have no choice but to turn to expert for data recovery from hardware damaged hard drive.
Corruption of Boot Sector:- The boot sector is the first sector of the hard drive.
This is used to load processor control and then move it to the Operating System.
When, the boot sector is damaged, you will not be able to enter the system and access any data stored in the internal hard drive.
Damaged file system:- The file system is used by the Operating System to define the approach for organizing files on the storage device.
To be particular, it is like a gateway to access data stored on hard drive partitions.
If the file system on the internal hard drive is unluckily damaged somehow, the drive may become inaccessible and the system may fail to start.
When a hard disk fails to read the data (for example: if dropped, knocked over, or otherwise being damaged, the hard drive may start to click to indicate that it is damaged, or broken.
The clicking sound itself arises from the unexpected movement of the disk's read/write actuator.
At startup, and during use, the disk head must move correctly and confirm it is correctly tracking data on the disk.
If the head cannot do this, the disk controller may attempt to recover by retrying.
This may cause an audible "click".
In some devices, the process automatically retries, causing a repeated or rhythmic clicking sound, sometimes accompanied by the whirring sound of the drive plate spinning.
A magnet is a very special metal.
When a magnet goes near a special kind of metal or other magnets, and the poles (sides) touching are opposite, it will pull, or attract the other metal or magnet closer.
Also, if the two poles are the same, the two magnets will push away, or repel, from each other.
This is called magnetism.
Magnets can make some other metals into magnets when they are rubbed together.
Soft magnets (or impermanent magnets are often used in electromagnets.
These increase (often hundreds or thousands of times) the magnetic field of a wire that carries an electrical current and is wrapped around the magnet.
The field also increases with the current.
Permanent magnets have ferromagnetism.
They occur naturally in some rocks, particularly lodestone, but are now commonly manufactured.
A magnet's magnetism decreases when it is heated and increases when it is cooled.
It has to be heated at around .
Like poles (S-pole and S-pole/N-pole and N-pole) will repel each other while unlike poles (N-pole and S-pole) will attract each other.
Magnets are only attracted to special metals.
Iron, cobalt and nickel are magnetic.
Metals that have iron in them attract magnets well.
Steel is one.
Metals like brass, copper, zinc and aluminum are not attracted to magnets.
Non-magnetic materials such as wood and glass are not attracted to magnets as they do not have magnetic materials in them.
Natural magnets
Natural/permanent magnets are not artificial.
They are a kind of rock called lodestone or magnetite.
A compass uses the Earth's magnetic field, and points to the North magnetic pole.
A north side of the magnet is attracted to the south side of another magnet.
However, the north side of the compass points to the north pole, this can only mean that the "north pole" is really the magnetic south, and the "South magnetic pole" is really the magnetic north.
The first people to discover naturally magnetic rocks were the Chinese.
At first, the Chinese used the stones to carry out fortune-telling and magic tricks.
Later on they used these "lodestones" to invent the compass.
A by-product is something that is made or produced while a product is manufactured in a factory.
Usually, the by-product is not used, and it becomes waste that is put in a landfill or garbage dump.
Sometimes by-products are toxic materials which are dangerous to humans, animals, and plants.
Animal by-products are produced by slaughterhouses (places designed to kill animals for food).
Animal by-products are the parts of the animals that cannot be eaten by humans.
Animal by-products are sometimes included in non-human foods, such as pet food or animal feed (for farm animals).
Toxic waste is any sort of waste that is harmful to people, plants, or animals, but usually it is said about waste that hurts people.
Toxic wastes are usually liquid chemicals.
These poisons are made as by-products of making other things, usually by manufacturing but sometimes they are chemicals used for farming.
Another type of toxic waste is radioactive materials.
Space Runaway Ideon was an animated television series from 1980.
It lasted for 39 episodes before being cancelled.
It was originally aired in Japan, where it was well known.
It also had two movies called A Contact and Be Invoked.
Comic books are books with comics, with  pictures that make a story.
Comics were started in the 1900s.
Some famous examples are Spider-Man and Batman.
Some comic companies are Marvel Comics and DC Comics.
Many comic books are about superheroes, but many others are about other things.
Very often, characters in books, video games, movies and television  appear in comics, and sometimes comic book characters are used in movies, TV shows or video games.
There are three different kinds of comic books: single issues that are usually 32 pages long are called comic books.
These are printed and bound like a magazine, with the pages folded and stapled together through the centerfold.
Several comics may be put together in a trade paperback.
These have spines like a book and are glued together.
A bigger comic book that is bound like a trade paperback but is all new, instead of collecting older comics, is called a graphic novel.
In English speaking countries, you read the speech bubbles left to right.
Then you read the row below it left to right.
This is different from Japanese comics, called manga.
Spider-Man is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics and the protagonist of the Marvel Universe.
He is a character created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko.
He first appeared in Amazing Fantasy #15 in August 1962.
The premise was that he was an orphan being raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben as an ordinary teenager.
He would deal with the normal struggles of being young as well as the struggles of being a costumed crime fighter.
His powers were super strength, agility, the ability to cling to almost every surface, the ability to shoot spider-webs using a device that he invented which he calls "web-shooters," and reacting to danger quickly with his "spider-sense", enabling him to combat many foes similar to that of a spider.
Spider-Man first appeared in the early 1960s, when teenagers in superhero comic books were usually relegated to the role of sidekick to the protagonist.
The series featured Peter Parker, a high school student who frequently suffered the same rejection, inadequacy, and loneliness, that most young readers could easily relate to.
Unlike some teen heroes, such as Bucky and Robin, Spider-Man never had any adult mentors like Captain America and Batman to teach him to be a superhero.
He had to learn for himself that "with great power comes great responsibility" — a quote that he would cherish from his late Uncle Ben.
Marvel has featured Spider-Man in several comic book series such as The Amazing Spider-Man, Spectacular Spider-Man and Sensational Spider-Man over the years.
Peter Parker has developed from shy high school student to troubled but outgoing college student to married high school teacher.
But his most associated adult role is that of being a single freelance photographer.
He has also been a member of both the New Avengers, and the Fantastic Four.
Spider-Man has had a lot of nicknames over the years such as being referred to as "Spidey," "web-slinger," "wall-crawler," or "web-head."
He is also called "arachnid" by some villains and calls himself "Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man."
Spider-Man has been one of the most popular and commercially successful superheroes.
Often considered to be Marvel's flagship character and company mascot, he has appeared in many forms of media such as animation and movies and he has been played by actors such as Tobey Maguire, Andrew Garfield, Tom Holland, among others.
Live-action movies include Spider-Man (2002), Spider-Man 2, Spider-Man 3, The Amazing Spider-Man, The Amazing Spider-Man 2, Spider-Man: Homecoming, Spider-Man: Far from Home, and Spider-Man: No Way Home.
The first time that Spider-Man (who is also known as) Peter Parker appeared was in the Amazing Fantasy #15 comic book in August 1962.
Because of its success, a new comic book series began called The Amazing Spider-Man.
Others were created including Spectacular Spider-Man, Sensational Spider-Man and Ultimate Spider-Man.
Spider-Man wears a red and blue super suit.
This has a webbing design on the red parts of the suit which are the mask, torso, boots and gloves.
The leggings and sleeves are blue.
Fictional character biography
In Peter Parker's first appearance, he is introduced as an orphaned science whiz teenager living with his aunt and uncle in the Forest Hills section of New York City.
He is a brilliant student but also gets picked on by his peers who accuse him of being a bookworm, and constantly gets bullied by Eugene "Flash" Thompson, who calls him "Puny Parker" and humiliates him daily.
One day, he is bitten by a radioactive spider which then gives him his powers that turn him to Spider-Man.
As Spider-Man, he then becomes a successful TV star.
The career then goes to his head that one day at a studio he refuses to stop a thief, saying that it is the job of the police, not that of a star.
He then returns home to learn that his beloved Uncle Ben, has been murdered and as Spider-Man he angrily sets off to capture the killer.
When he does, he is horrified to find that the man is none other than the Burglar he refused to subdue.
Learning that with great power comes great responsibility, Spider-Man becomes a vigilante.
After his uncle died, Peter and his aunt become desperate for money, so he gets a job as a photographer at the Daily Bugle selling photos to J. Jonah Jameson, who seems to be jealous of Spider-Man and makes Spider-Man look bad in the paper.
As he battles many enemies for his first time, Parker finds it difficult juggling both his personal life and costumed adventures at the same time.
In time, he would then graduate from high school, and enroll at Empire State University, where he meets roommate and best friend Harry Osborn and his second girlfriend (having been romantically involved with Betty Brant before) Gwen Stacy, Peter also discovers his best friend Harry has a drug problem and that Harry's father is revealed to be one of Spider-Man's nemeses the Green Goblin, Peter then attempts to give up his costumed identity.
In the course of his adventures though Spider-Man has made quite a few of friends and contacts within the superhero community, who often come to his aid when he faces problems that he cannot solve on his own.
His loved ones are frequently endangered by enemies including a Spider-Man costume which turns out to be an alien symbiote.
After noticing the symbiote's true nature Peter then rejects the symbiote after a difficult struggle.
In a controversial storyline, Peter becomes convinced that Ben Reilly, the Scarlet Spider who is actually a clone of Peter created by his college professor Miles Warren is the real Peter Parker, and that he, Peter, is actually the clone.
Peter gives up the Spider-Man identity to Reilly for a while until Reilly is killed by the returning Green Goblin and revealed to be the clone after all.
He for a little bit develops additional spider-like abilities including biological web-shooters, toxic stingers that extend from his forearms, the ability to stick individuals to his back, enhanced Spider-sense and night vision, and increased strength and speed.
He even becomes a member of the New Avengers, and reveals his civilian identity to the world, which causes more problems such as Aunt May being shot.
Due to his Aunt May almost dying, his marriage to Mary Jane and public unmasking are later erased due to a deal made with the demon Mephisto, resulting in several adjustments to the timeline, such as the resurrection of Harry Osborn and Spider-Man original powers.
After months of just Peter knowing Spider-Man's identity he then unmasks himself to the New Avengers and the Fantastic Four.
Spider-Man in pop culture
Spider-Man is one of the most well known superheroes ever created.
He is normally considered to Marvel Comics' flagship character.
His quote With great power comes great responsibility is one of the most popular superhero quotes ever used.
He has also been adopted in other media such as television and video games and most popularly Sam Raimi's film trilogy which includes Spider-Man, Spider-Man 2, and Spider-Man 3.
The Amazing Spider-Man movies are also popular.
Spider-Man has appeared on television numerous times, in both live-action and animated television programs.
In animation he has appeared in a 1967 television series named after him, he also appeared in "Spidey Super Stories" on The Electric Company, he appeared as an guest star in a Spider-Woman animated series.
There was also a 1981 animated series of him and then an animated series called Spider-Man and his Amazing Friends soon after.
And then in the Marvel Animation Age in 1994 there was another series about him and there was a spin off of it called Spider-Man Unlimited.
After the Sam Raimi movies there was an animated series of Spider-Man in MTV called Spider-Man: The New Animated Series and in 2008 there is an animated series called The Spectacular Spider-Man.
It is also said that he will appear in The Super Hero Squad Show.
In live action there is Amazing Spider-Man and an tokatsu series of Spider-Man in Japan.
Spider-Man (1977 film)
Spider-Man Strikes Back
Spider-Man: The Dragon's Challenge
Spider-Man (2002)
Spider-Man 2 (2004)
Spider-Man 3 (2007)
The Amazing Spider-Man (2012)
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014)
Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017)
Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018)
Spider-Man: Far from Home (2019)
Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021)
Characters created by Stan Lee
Fictional characters introduced in 1962
Marvel Comics mutates
Peanuts was a comic strip written and drawn by Charles M. Schulz.
It was about a boy named Charlie Brown, his dog named Snoopy who is his best friend, and the lives of their best friends named Linus, Schroder, Sally (Charlie Brown's little sister), Lucy, Patty, Peppermint Patty, Marcie and Woodstock.
It started in 1950 and ended in 2000 when Schulz died.
The Peanuts characters and concepts were adapted to several half-hour animated television programs over the years.
Snoopy.com: Official Peanuts Website
Snoopy's Home: Charles M. Schulz's home page
Peanuts Collector Club
Peanuts Collectible Ornaments Guide
AAUGH.com: Peanuts Book Collecting Guide
Peanuts Animation and Reprints Page
Charles M. Schulz Museum website
NCS Awards
Fantagraphics Books - The Complete Peanuts series
Peanuts Gang Wikia
American comic strips
Eddie Cantor (January 31, 1892 - October 10, 1964) was an American comedian, singer, actor, songwriter.
Familiar to Broadway, radio and early television audiences, this "Apostle of Pep" was regarded almost as a family member by millions because his top-rated radio shows revealed intimate stories and amusing anecdotes about his wife Ida and five daughters.
His eye-rolling song-and-dance routines eventually led to his nickname, Banjo Eyes, and in 1933, the artist Frederick J. Garner caricatured Cantor with large round and white eyes resembling the drum-like pot of a banjo.
Cantor's eyes became his trademark, often exaggerated in illustrations, and leading to his appearance on Broadway in the musical Banjo Eyes (1941).
He was the original singer of 1929 hit song "Makin' Whoopie".
Days of Our Lives is a popular American television show on the NBC television network.
It is one hour long and is broadcast during the day.
Betty and Ted Corday made the show in 1965.
Two companies, Corday Productions and Sony Pictures Television make Days of Our Lives.
In November 2005, the show celebrated 40 years on TV.
It is currently in its 47th season with 11,855 episodes (as of June 1, 2012).
They began filming the show in HD in 2010.
Days of Our Lives takes place in the city of Salem.
The main families on the show are the Bradys, the DiMeras and the Hortons.
Many good and bad things happened to the Brady family and the Horton family.
One character named "Stefano DiMera" does some of the bad things that happen to characters on this show.
Stefano DiMera is the head of the DiMera family.
He is the villain in Salem and has done many bad deeds to the Brady family, mainly Marlena.
Maggie Simmons Horton has been played by actress Suzanne Rogers since August 20, 1973.
Maggie was created by scriptwriter William J. Bell, and executive producer Betty Corday.
Marlena Evans, mother of DJ, Sami, Eric and Belle.
She has been taken over by the Devil twice and everyone thought she was a serial killer in 2004.
Sami Brady, daughter of Roman and Marlena Brady.
She has a twin brother Eric, and her half sister is Carrie.
She is the mother of Will, Allie, Johnny and Sydney, and she believed that Grace as she had been swapped at birth.
John and Marlena Black
Bo and Hope Brady
Abe and Lexie Carver
Stefano and Kate DiMera
Jack and Jennifer Devereux
Austin and Carrie Reed (Austin is Kate's son, Carrie is Roman's daughter)
EJ DiMera and Nicole Walker
Ciara Brady and Ben Weston
1960s drama television series
1970s drama television series
The recorder is a musical instrument that is a type of flute.
It is shaped like a tube with one end bigger than the other end.
A recorder player puts the bigger end in their mouth and blows into it.
In Europe, people started to play the recorder in medieval times.
The recorder was often used by musicians to sound like bird songs.
Purcell, Bach, Telemann and Vivaldi all wrote music for the recorder.
By the 1900s very few people played the recorder.
They liked the flute and other instruments better than the recorder.
These instruments are louder than the recorder and are better for playing difficult music.
In the 1900s more people started to learn the recorder again.
One reason was that people wanted to play old music on old kinds of instruments.
A second reason was that the recorder is a good instrument for children to learn about music.
Whistles are very old instruments.
People have found some whistles that were made in the Iron Age.
A recorder is a type of whistle.
It has holes for seven fingers and one thumb.
It also has one end bigger than the other.
The first recorders were made in the 1500s.
Some remains of these have been found in Germany, the Netherlands and Greece.
Many people played the recorder in Europe in the 1500s and 1600s.
King Henry VIII of England had 76 recorders.
William Shakespeare talks about recorders in his play Hamlet and John Milton talks about them in his poem Paradise Lost.
Recorders from that time are now called Renaissance recorders.
In the 1600s, the people who made recorders tried new ways to make them sound better.
They also wanted them to play more difficult music.
Recorders from this time are called Baroque recorders.
They were thinner than Renaissance recorders.
They were also made in several parts that fitted together.
In the picture at the top of the page, one of the recorders is in three parts.
From the second half of the 1700s, people preferred to play the flute and clarinet instead of the recorder.
Flutes are good for playing music which has a large range of notes.
Flutes are also better for playing music which needs many chromatic notes.
In the 1900s people wanted to play old music with old kinds of instrument.
In England, Arnold Dolmetsch was one of the people who was famous for this.
Other musicians also began to play the recorder at serious music concerts.
Some of these people were Frans Brüggen, Hans-Martin Linde, Bernard Kranis and David Munrow.
In modern times, people have written new music for the recorder.
Some of these people are Paul Hindemith, Luciano Berio, John Tavener, Michael Tippett, Benjamin Britten, Leonard Bernstein, Gordon Jacob and Edmund Rubbra.
The recorder is sometimes used in popular music.
The Beatles played the recorder in their song Fool on the Hill and the Rolling Stones used a recorder in Ruby Tuesday (song).
Plastic recorders were invented in the 20th century.
They are cheap and vary greatly in quality (that is often not related to the price) depending on the manufacturer.
They are easy instruments to play simple music.
Many elementary schools use plastic recorders to teach music to children.
The head joint of the recorder is used as a noise, rhythm and effect instrument, and as a toy musical instrument with children.
Because the recorder head works like a whistle, it can be used as such.
With a bit practice, it is easy to play all kind of rhythms.
Effects are made by opening and covering the lower end of the head joint with the hand while blowing.
Many players blow harder like "normal" recorder playing (like with a pea whistle), to get a very shrill and loud sound.
Professor Agnes Dorwarth of the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg argues this is an attractive way to get children to play with part of the instrument, which can make playing the entire instrument more inviting.
Kinds of recorder
Recorders are made in different sizes.
The lowest note of most recorders is either C or F. This is the note that is heard when the player covers all the finger holes and the thumb hole.
The soprano recorder is the size of recorder which is usually played in schools, also known as a Descant.
The lowest note of the soprano recorder is C. Some recorders are smaller than the soprano recorder but are not common.
The alto recorder is bigger than the soprano recorder.
Its lowest is F. The other main sizes are the tenor recorder (with lowest note C) and the bass (with lowest note F).
Instruments larger than the bass are made but are not common.
These include the Great Bass, Contrabass, Subgreatbass and Subcontrabass.
Recorders higher than a soprano recorder include the Sopranino and Garklein recorders.
Recorder groups
The recorder is a very social instrument.
Many people enjoy playing in small or large groups.