the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
When too many automobiles try to go the same way, traffic congestion slows them all.
Automobiles can cause air pollution if too many are used in a small area like a city, and the combined pollution of the world's automobiles is partly to blame for climate change.
Many places where people live close together have public transportation such as buses, trains, trams and subways.
These can help people go more quickly and cheaply than by automobile when traffic jams are a problem.
Some of these problems can be made smaller, for example by carpooling, which is putting many people together in one automobile.
Traffic congestion and accidents can be dangerous to other road users, for example people riding bicycles or walking, especially in an old town built when automobiles were few.
Some 20th century towns are designed for automobiles as the main transport.
This can cause other problems, such as even more pollution and traffic, as few, if any, people walk.
Communities are divided and separated by big roads.
Pedestrians are in danger where there are too few foot bridges, small road bridges or other special crossings.
Mickey Mouse Clubhouse was a children's television series on Playhouse Disney and Disney Channel.
It was produced by Disney.
It showed Mickey Mouse and his playmates in their journeys in different places as they learned on the way.
They took help with 3, 4 or 5 items called Mouskatools given by a Mickey Head looking Toodles.
The Indies is a word used for places in South and Southeast Asia, including Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and also Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Singapore, the Philippines, East Timor, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Sometimes this area has been called the East Indies, in contrast to the West Indies.
Asclepias amplexicaulis, also known as the clasping milkweed, is a species of milkweed plant.
It is also known as blunt-leaved milkweed and sand milkweed.
It is in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.
It is native to eastern North America.
The blooming period is in the spring.
This species is found in prairies and open woodlands, usually in sandy soil.
It is about 0.3 to 0.9 meters in height (1-3 feet).
Clasping Milkweed has poison that is dangerous to humans and livestock.
Asclepias amplexicaulis at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias amplexicaulis at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses
Asclepias amplexicaulis at Connecticut Botanical Society
http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/prairie/htmls/plants/A-amplexicaulis.html
Asclepias asperula is a species of milkweed plant.
It is commonly known as antelope horns, green-flowered milkweed, spider antelope horns and spider antelopehorns.
It belongs to the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.
This species likes to grow in moist sandy or rocky soil.
Antelope horns grows from 0.3 to 0.6 meters (1-2 feet).
Asclepias asperula at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias asperula at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses
Asclepias californica (commonly known as the California milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
It is also known as Round-hooded milkweed.
It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.
It is native to California and Baja California.
It blooms from April to July.
This species is found on grassy or bushy hillsides.
Asclepias californica at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias californica at Treatment from the Jepson Manual
Alexandre Ménard-Burrows (born April 11, 1981) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey winger with the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He also played for the Ottawa Senators.
He is known for his ascension to the NHL from being an undrafted player in the ECHL.
Winger, in hockey, is a forward position of a player who is on either side of the centre forward, often along the playing area.
They usually work by going beside the centre.
At first, the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink.
Now, there are different types of wingers in the game: they either are mainly goal scorers, or help stop the other team from scoring.
This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes.
Players to the left of the centre are called "left wingers," and players on the right are called "right wingers."
The Slovak men's national ice hockey team is one of the best national ice hockey teams in the world.
As of 2008, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the world governing body of ice hockey, ranks them as the eighth best national team.
The team is operated by the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation under general manager Peter Bondra, and head coach Ján Filc.
In the last six years, Slovakia has won three medals at the World Championships, including a gold medal in 2002.
Slovakia has a total of 12,375 hockey players (0.23% of the population).
The Slovak national team was created after Czechoslovakia was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
For years, the Czechs kept control over how the Czechoslovakian national team was run, and limited how many Slovak players were on the team.
When the country became two, the Czech Republic team was allowed to compete at the highest pool (A), and the IIHF ruled that because fewer players of the former Czechoslovak team were Slovaks, Slovakia have to start international play in pool C, the lowest group.
However, Slovakia's play in the lower pools won it promotion to pool A by 1996.
Olympic record
1994 - Finished in 6th place
1998 - Finished in 10th place
2002 - Finished in 13th place
2006 - Finished in 5th place (see roster)
2010 - Finished in 4th place
1996 - Did not qualify
2004 - Lost in quarter-finals
1994 - Finished in 21st place (winner of the "Pool C")
1995 - Finished in 13th place (winner of the "Pool B")
1996 - Finished in 10th place
1997 - Finished in 9th place
1998 - Finished in 7th place
1999 - Finished in 7th place
2000 - Won silver medal
2001 - Finished in 7th place
2002 - Won gold medal
2003 - Won bronze medal
2004 - Finished in 4th place
2005 - Finished in 5th place
2006 - Finished in 8th place
2007 - Finished in 6th place
2008 - Finished in 13th place
2009 - Finished in 10th place
World Championship 2009 Roster
2002 Gold Medallists
- from the National Hockey League
- from Sports Illustrated
- from International Ice Hockey Federation
Ice hockey in Europe
National ice hockey teams
Sport in Slovakia
Yucca brevifolia is a plant species in the genus Yucca and in the family Agavaceae.
Its common names are Joshua tree and Yucca palm and Tree yucca and Palm tree yucca.
They grow in the desert and do not have growth rings.
The lack of grow rings makes it hard to tell the trees age.
The 1910–11 NHA season was the second season of the former National Hockey Association.
Five teams played 16 games each, starting on December 31, 1910 and ending on March 10, 1911.
The Ottawa Hockey Club won the league championship and took over the Stanley Cup from the Montreal Wanderers.
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against
Goalkeeper Averages
Timothy Thomas, Jr. (born April 15, 1974), called The Tank, is a former American professional ice hockey goaltender under contract with the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He was raised in Flint, Michigan and played college hockey for the University of Vermont for four years from 1993–1997, during which, he was selected 217th overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft.
He played for several years in the minor leagues and Europe before becoming the Boston Bruins' starting goaltender.
He, along with Manny Fernandez, is the current holder of the William M. Jennings Trophy.
Thomas is a two-time NHL All-Star, and was the winner of the 2009 Vezina Trophy as the league's best goaltender.
The Bruins suspended Thomas for not reporting to training camp and he was traded to the Islanders for a conditional 2nd round pick in either 2014 or 2015.
The Quebec Nordiques (, pronounced  in Quebec French,  in Canadian English, meaning "Northmen" or "Northerners") were a professional ice hockey team from Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
The Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association (1972–1979) and the National Hockey League (1979–1995).
The team moved to Denver, Colorado in 1995 and changed their name to the Colorado Avalanche.
As the value of the Canadian dollar was failing, the Quebec Nordiques were compelled to sell their team.
With the salaries of players rising and the arena in need of repairs, the ownership of the Nordiques was sold to a group of investors in Denver, Colorado.
To make matters worse, during their first season in Colorado, the former Nordiques, now Colorado Avalanche, won the Stanley Cup.
1995 disestablishments
The National Hockey League (NHL) went through an expansion for the 1967–68 NHL season.
It added six new teams, which already had six teams in it.
This marked the first change in the composition of the league since 1942.
It was the end of the Original Six era in the NHL, which had happened since 1942.
California Seals
NHL Expansion
The Lady Byng Memorial Trophy, originally known as the Lady Byng Trophy, is given each year to the National Hockey League "player adjudged to have exhibited the best type of sportsmanship and gentlemanly conduct combined with a high standard of playing ability".
The Lady Byng Memorial Trophy has been awarded 84 times to 50 different players since it was first awarded in 1925.
The voting is done at the end of the season by the members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association.
Christopher Claus Andersen (born July 7, 1978) is an American former basketball player.
Andersen was born in Long Beach, California, grew up in Iola, Texas, and played one year at Blinn College.
He was nicknamed "Birdman" by Junior Harrington, another former NBA player, for having wing tattoos on his inner biceps.
He received a two-year ban from the NBA in 2006 for violating the league's drug policy, but was reinstated on March 4, 2008.
During his 17-year, career, he played for the Denver Nuggets, New Orleans Hornets, Miami Heat, Memphis Grizzlies, and Cleveland Cavaliers and won a championship with the Heat in 2013.
He also played for the Chinese Basketball Association.
He now plays in the Big3 League.
Asclepias cordifolia (also known as the heart-leaf milkweed or purple milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
It is not the same as Asclepias purpurascens, which is also known as purple milkweed.
Heart-leaf Milkweed is found in woodlands, rocky slopes, and lava flows.
Asclepias cordifolia at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias cordifolia at Treatment from the Jepson Manual
Asclepias cordifolia at Plantaxa
Purple milkweed is a common name of two plants in the genus Asclepias:
Asclepias cordifolia, found in western North America and usually called Heart-leaf Milkweed
Asclepias purpurascens, found in eastern North America
Asclepias curassavica (also known as the scarlet milkweed, Mexican butterfly weed, or bloodflower) is a species of milkweed plant.
It is now naturalized around the world.
It gets flowers from spring to fall.
Asclepias curassavica at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias curassavica at Treatment from the Jepson Manual
Asclepias curassavica at FLORIDATA
Asclepias curtissii (also known as Curtiss's milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
It is native to Florida.
Asclepias curtissii at USDA PLANTS Database
The assassination (murder) of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by forty Roman senators, the self-styled Liberatores.
They were led by Cassius and Brutus.
The senators stabbed Caesar to death in the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March, 15 March 44 BC.
Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic at the time.
He had been declared dictator perpetuo (dictator for life) by the Senate.
This declaration resulted in many senators fearing that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favour of a tyranny.
The assassination led to civil war.
The Second Triumvirate led to the ascendancy of Caesar's adopted heir Octavian to the position of emperor, and the end of the Republic leading to the Roman Empire.
In the end, by murdering Caesar, the Liberators caused the end of the Republic they supported.
List of conspirators
Servius Sulpicius Galba
Quintus Ligarius
Lucius Minucius Basilus
Gaius Servilius Casca (Servilius Casca's brother)
Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus
Tillius Cimber
Caius Trebonius
Caecilius
Bucolianus (Caecilius' brother)
Rubrius Ruga
Marcus Spurius
Sextius Naso
Minucius Basilus
Pontius Aquila
Asclepias eriocarpa (also known as the woollypod milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
It is also known as Indian Milkweed and Kotolo.
It is native to the western United States.
This species is found in dry, barren habitats.
Asclepias eriocarpa at USDA PLANT Database
Asclepias eriocarpa at Treatment from the Jepson Manual
Asclepias erosa (also known as the desert milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
It is native to the southwestern United States.
It blooms from May to July.
This species is found in dry slopes.
Asclepias erosa at USDA PLANT Database
Asclepias erosa at Treatment from the Jepson Manual
Asclepias exaltata (also known as the poke milkweed or tall milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
The plant is found in eastern North America.
It blooms from late spring to early summer.
The flowers are green and white.
Poke milkweed is found in moist woodland habitats.
It grows well in moist soil and sunny or partly shaded places.
It grows from 0.6 to 1.5 meters tall (2–5 feet).
Asclepias exaltata at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias fascicularis (also known as the narrow-leaf milkweed or Mexican whorled milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
It blooms from June to September.
This species is found in dry areas and valleys.
Asclepias fascicularis at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias fascicularis at Treatment from the Jepson Manual
Asclepias humistrata (also known as the sandhill milkweed or pinewoods milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
It is native to the southeastern United States.
It blooms in early summer.
It is found in sandy woodlands and sandy hills.
Sandhill Milkweed grows well dry soil and sunny places.
It grows from 0.3 to 0.9 meters tall (1–3 feet).
Asclepias humistrata at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias incarnata is a species of milkweed plant.
It is also known as the swamp milkweed, the rose milkweed, the pink milkweed, the swamp milkweed, and white Indian hemp.
It blooms from June to August.
Swamp milkweed is found in wet meadows, prairies, swamps, and marshes.
It likes moist soil and sunny or partly shaded places.
It grows to a height of 0.3 to 1.5 meters (1–5 feet).<ref name=wc>William Cullina (2000).
Wildflowers: A Guide to Growing and Propagating Native Flowers of North America.
The New England Wildflower Society.
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Asclepias incarnata at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias incarnata at Evergreen Native Plant Database
Brand New Eyes (written brand new eyes) is an album by the band Paramore.
It was put out on September 29, 2009 in the United States and Canada.
It has reached the top of the music charts in many countries, meaning many people bought the album.
Asclepias nivea (also known as the Caribbean milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
It is native to Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.
Asclepias nivea at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias physocarpa (also known as the swan plant, balloonplant, or balloon cotton-bush) is a species of milkweed plant.
It has been naturalized in Hawai'i and has also been naturalized in other parts of the world.
Asclepias physocarpa at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias purpurascens (also known as the purple milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
The species Asclepias cordifolia is also sometimes called purple milkweed.
It blooms from June to July.
The flowers are a pink-purple color.
This species is found in savannas, prairies, and meadows.
Purple Milkweed likes to grow in clay or sandy soil and in sunny or partly shaded places.
It grows to a height of 0.6 to 1.2 meters (2–4 feet).
Asclepias purpurascens at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias speciosa (also known as the showy milkweed or Greek milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
This species is found in savannas, prairies, meadows, and fields.
Asclepias speciosa at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias speciosa at Treatment from the Jepson Manual
Asclepias speciosa at Evergreen Native Plant Database
Asclepias subverticillata (also known as the horsetail milkweed or whorled milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
Asclepias subverticillata at USDA PLANTS Database
Île de la Tortue (Tortuga Island in English, Il Latòti in Kréyòl) is a Caribbean island that forms part of Haiti, off the northwest coast of Hispaniola.
Tortuga Island is separated of the north coast of Haiti by an 8.9 to 15 km strait called the Canal de la Tortue ("La Tortue Channel").
The island is 37.5 km long and about 7 km wide, with an area of 193 km².
There are not high mountains but most of the land is between 240 and 300 metres high; the highest point is Morne La Visite (340 m).
The island is a commune (like municipality), in the Nord Department.
It is part of  the Port-de-Paix arrondissement, part of a department like a district.
In 2004, there were 30,000 people living in the Tortuga Island.
There are only small towns; Aux Palmistes, in the southeast, is the biggest town in the island.
Christopher Columbus saw this island on 6 December 1492 and visited it on 14 December.
He called the island La Tortuga, Spanish for "The Turtle", because it has the shape, when seen from the sea, of a turtle.
Spanish people were not interested in Tortuga Island because they were trying to form a colony in the big Hispaniola island.
And so this island was without people for most of the 16th century.
People from different European countries, mainly from England, came to live in this island.
In 1625, French people came to this island from the Saint Kitts island.
They lived on the southern part of the island where there are flat lands and tried to grow some crops like tobacco.
They also went to Hispaniola, which they called la Grande Terre ("the Big Land") to hunt wild cows and pigs and, because they used a Taíno cooking technique with smoke known as "boucan", they were known as boucaniers ("buccaneers").
They sold the smoked meat and leather (dry skin used to make footwear and clothing) to those ships that came to the island.
In 1640 a French engineer named Jean La Vasseur was sent to govern Tortuga.
He built Fort de Rocher [1640].
La Vasseur opened the port to outlaws of all nations.
From Tortuga Island, people began to move to the northern part of the Hispaniola, mainly in the areas around the big plains, founding towns such as Port-de-Paix (1665), Cap-Français (1670) and Fort-Dauphin (1731).
Then Tortuga Island lost its importance and very few people have lived here after those years, including today.
At Basse-Terre, on the southeastern coast, there are still some rests of the Fort de la Roche built in 1630 by the French.
There are several interesting caves such as La Grotte au Bassin, La Grotte de la Galerie and others.
A seizure response dog is a dog who is specially trained to help its owner during a seizure.
These dogs' jobs may include:
Getting help, by finding a human, hitting an alarm, or using a pre-programmed phone to call 911
Protecting their owner from getting hurt, either by pulling unsafe things away, or by blocking people who try to walk into obstacles and onto streets
Bracing the person having the seizure so they don't fall or hurt themselves, or turning the person on their side
Waking the unconscious owner during or after a seizure
Certain kinds of dogs are able to predict that a person is about to have an epileptic seizure.
This gives the person time to get to a safe place before the seizure starts.
Usually, people say that dogs develop this behavior spontaneously (on their own), or over some time.
There have been some studies where dogs were trained to alert to seizures when they were given rewards for correctly predicting seizures - but these studies were only partly successful.
Some untrained dogs may help their owners during a seizure, but there are also reports of dogs that have reacted aggressively or even died as a result of witnessing or anticipating their owner's seizure.
Asclepias syriaca (also known as the common milkweed, butterfly flower, silkweed, silky swallow-wort, and Virginia silkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.
The flowers are green and purple.
This species is found in prairies, meadows, and fields.
Common Milkweed likes damp to dry soil and sunny or partly shaded places.
It is about 0.5 to 1.5 meters in height (1½-5 feet).
Asclepias syriaca at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias syriaca at Evergreen Native Plant Database
Asclepias syriaca, found across North America
Schizanthus, a plant genus
Silky Swallow-wort is a common name of two plants in the genus Asclepias:
A guitar chord is made up of two or more notes, played on a guitar at one time.
Chord voicings, that is the choice of individual notes in the chord, can be changed for many different purposes and playing styles.
The guitar is very capable and useful for playing chords; but it does have some differences with other instruments.
Most guitars only have six strings.
This means that for the very largest of chord-voicings it is often necessary to not use one or more tones from the chord.
The layout of notes on the fretboard sometimes means that the notes in a chord are not played in tonal order, or make possible a chord that is composed of more than one note of the same pitch.
Many chords can be played with the same notes in more than one place on the fretboard.
Guitars can vary both in the number of strings they have.
They can also be tuned differently.
Most guitars used in popular music have six-strings and are tuned : E-A-D-G-B-e. Usually the string with the highest pitch (the thinnest) is called the first string, and the string having the lowest pitch (the thickest) is called the sixth.
Asclepias tuberosa (also known as the butterfly flower) is a species of milkweed plant.
The flowers are orange, red-orange, or yellow.
It likes well-drained soil and sunny or partly shaded places.
Butterfly Weed grows from 0.3 to 0.9 meters tall (1–3 feet).
Butterfly Weed has many common names.
Canada Root
Chigger Flower
Chiggerflower
Fluxroot
Indian Posy
Orange Milkweed
Orange Swallow-wort
Pleurisy Root
Tuber Root
Yellow Milkweed
White-root
Windroot
Asclepias tuberosa at USDA PLANT Database
Asclepias tuberosa at Evergreen Native Plant Database
Asclepias tuberosa, found across North America
Castilleja, a plant genus
Cichorieae, a plant tribe
Intel Core i7 is a name that the company Intel uses for the computer processors it makes for high-end desktop and laptop computers and tablets.
Intel uses this name for the fastest processors that they think will be used to build the most powerful consumer devices.
The 'Core' part of the name, which refers to the processor's core, has been used by Intel since 2006, but the first Core i7 processor was released 3 years later in 2009.
There are different types of Core i7 processor.
The name does not name a type.
Instead, it is the name for all of the fast processors that Intel thinks should be sold to consumers.
Intel uses two other "Core i-" names for its processors for consumers: "Core i5" and "Core i3."
The "Core i5" processors are mostly as fast as i7 processors, but lack the Hyper Threading technology which allows each core to be used twice simultaneously giving the impression of doubling the cores.
Intel uses a different name, Xeon, for processors that Intel makes for "server" computers for businesses (and some rare laptops).
Some of the "Core i7" processors are almost the same as some of the "Xeon" processors, but each of the Xeon processors is a little bit different than the "Core i7" processor, because a "server" computer is not the same as a consumer computer.
Intel also makes other "Xeon" processors that are not the same as any "Core i7" processor.
Unlike the Core i7, Xeon processors support ECC (error corrected) memory, and multiple CPUs on the same motherboard.
en:Intel Core#Core i7
Asclepias verticillata (Whorled Milkweed or Horsetail Milkweed) is a particular kind of milkweed used as a medicinal plant.
It blooms in the summer.
The flowers are white or pale green.
It is found in fields, open woodlands, and prairies.
Whorled Milkweed likes dry soil and sunny or partly shaded places.
Sacred dance is a kind of dance that  all movements that are religious in nature.
An example of a sacred dance is the dance done by a whirling dervish.
Population genetics is the branch of genetics which studies the genetic composition of populations.
It brings together genetics, evolution, natural selection, breeding, statistics and mathematics.
Mathematical and computer models are produced, and field research is done to test the models.
"Population geneticists spend most of their time doing one of two things: describing the genetic structure of populations, or theorizing on the evolutionary forces acting on populations.
A brief history
Starting, perhaps, with G. Udny Yule's paper in 1902, population theorists tackled key issues in genetics and evolution.
G.H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg showed that if a population had random mating, no selection, migration or mutation, then the proportion of alleles would remain the same generation after generation.
This was the Hardy–Weinberg law, the first great result of this new field of research.
Population genetics made great progress from 1918 to 1937.
During this period, Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright worked on the connection between evolution and genetics, using new mathematical techniques, such as statistical probability.
E.B. Ford and Theodosius Dobzhansky did field research on the genetics of natural populations of lepidoptera and Drosophila, respectively.
Broadly speaking, this work proved that the newly rediscovered Mendelian genetics could be reconciled with Darwinian evolution.
This laid the groundwork for the modern evolutionary synthesis, which took place in the following years, from about 1937 to 1953.
In the second half of the 20th century, population geneticists tackled a range of complex evolutionary problems, such as the evolution of sex, sexual selection, kin selection (altruism), mimicry and molecular evolution.
The key figures included John Maynard Smith, Motoo Kimura and William Hamilton.
Techniques developed for population genetics help to decide what contribution heredity and environment make in developmental biology.
Genetic hitch-hiking and selective sweep
These concepts apply when a mutation is strongly favoured and "pulls along" nearby genes on its chromosome.
The genes pulled along are genes which are previously under little selection.
In a selective sweep, positive selection causes the new mutation to reach fixation (be the only allele present at that locus in all members of the population) so quickly that linked alleles can "hitchhike" and also become fixed.
Evidence is growing that this effect does happen.
Crown flower (Calotropis gigantea) is a species of plant.
It is also known as Giant Milkweed.
It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadodeae.
It is native to southeast Asia.
It has been naturalized in Hawai'i.
Calotropis gigantea at USDA PLANTS Database
Calotropis gigantea at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk
Calotropis gigantea at Purdue University: New Crop Resource Online Program
Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera) is a species of plant.
It is also known as Roostertree.
It is native to North Africa, Central Africa, Western Asia, South Asia, and Indochina.
It has been naturalized in Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Hawai'i, and southern California.
Calotropis procera at USDA PLANTS Database
Sand Vine (Cynanchum laeve) is a species of plant.
It is also known as Honeyvine, Honeyvine Milkweed, Bluevine Milkweed, Climbing Milkweed, and Smooth Swallow-wort.
This species is found in a variety of habitats such as edges of woodlands, near stream edges, gardens, and fields.
This vine can grow to be 6 or more feet long.
Cynanchum laeve at USDA PLANTS Database
Cynanchum laeve at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses
The Hardy–Weinberg law was developed independently by an English mathematician, G.H. Hardy, and a German doctor, Wilhelm Weinberg.
This concept is also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, Hardy–Weinberg theorem or Hardy–Weinberg principle.
Sometimes Weinberg's name is placed first.
The law is a foundation of population genetics, and it is still taught to students today.
It states that the proportions of alleles of all genes in any population will remain the same unless perturbed (disturbed).
That applies to all loci on all chromosomes in the population.
Possible perturbations are:
♦ gene mutation
♦ natural selection
♦ small population size where random effects like genetic drift and inbreeding may occur.
H/W populations are assumed to be infinite in size.
♦ assortative mating instead of random mating.
In effect, this would split the population down into small groups, see item above.
♦ migration into or out of the population under study.
It follows that any systematic change in the frequency of alleles in a population must be due to the effect of one or more of these causes.
Of course, like all aspects of Mendelian inheritance, the expected proportions of alleles are probabilities.
It was for that reason that statistical tests of significance, such as standard errors, were developed.
Although all changes must be due to perturbations, not all perturbations lead to changes.
The classic case is balancing selection, such as heterozygote advantage: "Heterosis: the heterozygote at a locus is fitter than either homozygote".
Balancing selection leads to an equilibrium population with Hardy–Weinberg proportions
If alleles A and a are in the proportions p and q, the three zygotic types AA, Aa, and aa are in the proportions p2: 2pq: q2.
Geff Harold Hardy FRS (7 February 1877 Cranleigh, Surrey – 1 December 1947 Cambridge, Cambridgeshire) was a famous English mathematician.
He investigated number theory and mathematical analysis.
Hardy's classic text A course of pure mathematics was first published in 1908 and has been in print ever since.
He wrote A Mathematician's Apology in 1940.
In 1908, unable to explain how a dominant gene would not become ubiquitous in a population, Reginald Punnett introduced his problem to Hardy, with whom he played cricket.
"There are infinitely many primes p such that p+2 is also prime".
Hardy discovered the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, who was a brilliant student.
Hardy saw his extraordinary intelligence and they worked together on many mathematical subjects.
In an interview given to Paul Erdős, Hardy said that the discovery of Ramanujan was his (Hardy's) greatest contribution to mathematics and that their collaboration was "the one romantic incident in my life".
British number theorists
White Vine (Sarcostemma clausum) is a species of plant.
It is also known as White Twinevine.
It is native to southeastern United States and Texas.
Sarcostemma clausum at Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
Sarcostemma clausum at USDA PLANTS Database
Wilhelm Weinberg (1862 – 1937) was a German Jewish physician who became an important geneticist.
He was a obstetrician and gynecologist, practising in Stuttgart.
In 1908, he expressed the principle which would later come to be known as the Hardy–Weinberg law.
Weinberg is also credited as the first to explain the effect of ascertainment bias on observations in genetics.
Weinberg was born in Stuttgart and studied medicine at Tübingen and Munich, receiving an M.D. in 1886.
He returned to Stuttgart in 1889, where he remained running a large practice as a gynecologist and obstetrician until he retired to Tübingen a few years before his death in 1937.
Much of his academic life was spent studying genetics, especially on applying the laws of inheritance in populations.
Weinberg developed the principle of genetic equilibrium independently of British mathematician G.H. Hardy.
He delivered an exposition of his ideas in a lecture on 13 January 1908, about six months before Hardy's paper was published in English.
His lecture was printed later that year in the society's yearbook.
Weinberg's contributions were unrecognized in the English speaking world for more than 35 years.
Curt Stern, a German geneticist who emigrated to the United States before World War II, pointed out in a brief paper in Science that Weinberg's exposition was both earlier and more comprehensive than Hardy's.
Ascertainment bias
Weinberg pioneered studies of twins, and developed techniques to analyse phenotypic variation.
His aim was to partition this variance into genetic and environmental components.
In the process, he recognized that ascertainment bias was affecting many of his calculations, and he produced methods to correct for it.
Weinberg observed that proportions of homozygotes in familial studies of classic recessive genetic diseases generally exceed the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:4, and he explained how this is the result of ascertainment bias.
In his work with albino children, he recognized that in some families where both parents carry a recessive mutation, by chance no albino child occurs.
He reasoned that many carrier couples were not being counted, and he demonstrated methods for correcting results to produce the expected Mendelian ratios.
For example, he explained that the reason that parents as a whole are more fertile than their children is because children must necessarily come from fertile parents.
By the same token, he recognized that ascertainment was responsible for a phenomenon known as genetic anticipation, the tendency for a genetic disease to manifest earlier in life and with increased severity in later generations.
Weinberg recognized that this was because those later generations were the offspring of that selected group of earlier carriers that had successfully reproduced.
Additional contributions by Weinberg to statistical genetics included the first estimate of the rate of twinning.
Realizing that identical twins would have to be the same sex, while non-identical twins could be either same or opposite sex, Weinberg derived the formula for estimating the frequency of MZ and DZ twins from the ratio of same and opposite sex twins to the total of maternities.
The Centre Georges-Vézina, called the Colisée de Chicoutimi at first, is an arena in Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada that has space for 4,651 pepple (including 3,683 seats).
It where the Chicoutimi Saguenéens ice hockey team play.
It is named for Georges Vézina, who played for the Montreal Canadiens as the goaltender and was from Chicoutimi.
The arena was built in 1949 and has an ice surface of 200 feet by 100 feet, which is what the Olympics use.
Sports buildings in Canada
Apocynum cannabinum (commonly known as Indian hemp) is a species of plant.
It is also known as Dogbane, Amy Root, Hemp Dogbane, Rheumatism Root, and Wild Cotton.
It is native to all of North America.
This species is found in moist lowlands, near stream edges, and near pond edges.
It likes to grow in sandy or gravelly soil.
Its height is 1–4 feet.
Apocynum cannabinum at USDA PLANT Database
Apocynum cannabinum at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses
Apocynum cannabinum at Evergreen Native Plant Database
Cannabis indica
Sida rhombifolia
The National Hockey League (NHL) is a professional ice hockey league with 31 teams founded in 1917.
Each team can select a captain, who has the "sole privilege of discussing with the Referee any questions relating to interpretation of rules which may arise during the progress of a game".
Each team is also allowed to pick alternate captains, who work when the captain is not on the ice.
Captains have to wear the letter "C" on their uniform to show who they are; alternate captains wear the letter "A".
Both letters are  in height.
Some teams in the NHL do not have a captain.
Rule 6.2 of the 2008–09 Official NHL Rulebook says that "[only] when the Captain is not in uniform, the Coach shall have the right to designate three Alternate Captains.
This must be done prior to the start of the game."
Many NHL teams with a captain select more than two alternate captains and change who wears the "A" for different games during the season.
Goaltenders are not allowed to be captains during games.
This rule was made in 1948 after teams did not like that it took Montreal Canadiens goaltender Bill Durnan too long to skate to talk with the officials and back to his crease.
However, Vancouver Canucks goaltender Roberto Luongo was the team's captain, but because of the NHL rule against goaltender captains, the league did not allow Luongo to act as captain on-ice.
Because of this, the Canucks were allowed to have three alternate captains in games, instead of two that most teams have.
Two (of the three) alternate captains took care of Luongo's on-ice work: Willie Mitchell (then alternate captain) talked to the officials.
Luongo was not allowed to wear the "C" on his jersey, but it was part of the artwork on the front of his mask.
Other than Durnan and Luongo, five other goaltenders have been captain o their team: John Ross Roach of the Toronto St. Patricks, George Hainsworth of the Montreal Canadiens, Roy Worters of the New York Americans, Alex Connell of the Ottawa Senators, and Charlie Gardiner of the Chicago Black Hawks.
When Connor McDavid was named captain of the Edmonton Oilers, he became the youngest permanent captain in NHL history.
Gabriel Landeskog of the Colorado Avalanche and Sidney Crosby of the Pittsburgh Penguins, are the second- and third-youngest players to be named captain in NHL history, respectively.
In 1984, Brian Bellows was named interim captain of the Minnesota North Stars when Craig Hartsburg was injured, and is the youngest player to captain a team in NHL history.
However, because Bellows served only on an interim basis, McDavid retains the distinction of being the youngest permanent captain in the League's history.
Mark Messier is the only player to captain two separate teams to Stanley Cup championships, those being the 1990Edmonton Oilers and the 1994 New York Rangers.
Sidney Crosby also became the youngest captain to win the Stanley Cup with the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2009.
The oldest permanent captain in league history was Mark Messier of the New York Rangers, who turned 43 years old, during his last NHL season, 2003–04.
The longest tenure in league history was Steve Yzerman of the Detroit Red Wings, who served as captain of the Red Wings for (nineteen seasons) twenty years.
Twenty-six of the thirty-one NHL teams currently have a captain.
The five teams without a captain are the Detroit Red Wings, New Jersey Devils, New York Rangers, Ottawa Senators, and the Vegas Golden Knights.
Of the twenty-six captains, twenty of them have been with their team for their entire career.
The current longest-tenured captain in the League is Sidney Crosby of the Pittsburgh Penguins, who has served in the role since May 31, 2007.
Alternate captains
Thirty of the thirty-one NHL teams have named at least the regulation two alternate captains.
The one team having less than the regulation two named alternate captains is the Buffalo Sabres.
Of the eighty alternate captains, forty-nine of them have been with their team for entire career.
Teams that have named more than the regulation two alternate captains, excluding those without a captain, are required to rotate the two "A"s between those players by methods of their choosing.
The current longest-tenured alternate captain in the League is Evgeni Malkin of the Pittsburgh Penguins, who has served in the role since October 3, 2008.
Player is currently on the injured reserve list
Player is injured and expected to miss the remainder of the season.
Outcrossing is a term used in genetics for the mating of unrelated individuals in a population or species.
It was originally used for the crossing of an inbred strain with the wild type.
Hybrid vigour is the great improvement in fitness which usually occurs as a result of outcrossing a previously inbred line.
The San Francisco Ballet (SFB) is a ballet company.
It was founded in 1933 as part of the San Francisco Opera Ballet.
The company is based in the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco, California under the direction of Helgi Tomasson who has been directing it since 1985.
SFB is the first professional ballet company in the United States.
San Francisco Ballet website
Corner Gas was a Canadian sitcom that was on television from 2004 to 2009.
It was set in the fictional town of Dog River, Saskatchewan and was shot in Rouleau, Saskatchewan.
It stared Canadian comic Brent Butt.
On April 6, 2009, Saskatchewan premier Brad Wall declared that April 13 would be "Corner Gas Day" in Saskatchewan.
The show has won numerous awards and nominations including: 9 Canadian Comedy Awards and 6 Gemini Awards, It has also been nominated for an International Emmy Award in 2004.
Corner Gas' Official website
Corner Gas' Comedy Network profile
Spider monkeys are New World monkeys, genus Ateles.
They are small monkeys, well suited to living in trees.
In fact, they rarely come down to the ground.
These monkeys move quickly through trees by swinging and jumping from branch to branch.
Spider monkeys are found in rainforests in southern Mexico to the northern part of South America.
Spider monkeys live in groups or bands of 10 to 40 monkeys.
Every band lives in its own territory and one band of monkeys will not enter the territory of another band.
Spider monkeys have one offspring per year.
They live between 20 to 27 years, or more.
Usually the leader female of the whole group is responsible for finding and gathering all the food for the rest of the group.
When there is not enough food, they sometimes eat bark, or honey, or insects.
Spider monkeys are extremely quick, and they have long, thin fingers with almost no hair at all.
Unlike other monkeys, they use their tail much more than their fingers, and their tails are longer than their bodies.
These tails can grasp and pick things up.
They have long, spindly limbs, which explains the spider monkey's common name.
Their tails are fully prehensile, meaning they can pick things up with it, and they can swing from it.
The tail, which may be up to  long, is very flexible, with hairless tips and skin grooves similar to fingerprints.
This adaptation to their strictly arboreal lifestyle serves as a fifth hand.
They are clumsy on the ground.
The Asian Boyz is a street gang in Los Angeles, California that formed after an attack by the Tiny Raskal Gang that killed four people.
At first, the gang was made up of young Cambodian refugees.
The gang wears navy blue colors.
The age of the Asian Boyz is between age 10 – 40 years of age.
Their enemies are the Tiny Raskal Gang, Latin gangs, and all of the blood gangs.
The Urban Dictionary lists the Asian Boyz as being the second biggest gang of Asian people and the 12th biggest gang in the USA.
In 1995 the Asian Boyz killed at least five people, including three teenagers who died in a car crash on the freeway after being shot at by the gang.
In 1998, one of the gang members, Truong Dinh, gave evidence in court about several murders by the gang.
To try and stop Dinh from talking in court, the gang shot dead his father on the day before the trial.
Peleus (, Pēleus) was  one of the early Greek heroes.
Peleus was the son of Aeacus, king of the island of Aegina, and Endeïs, the nymph of Mount Pelion.
Alongside his brother Telamon, he joined the hero Jason as one of the Argonauts on the quest to find the Golden Fleece.
He was the husband of the Nereid Thetis, by whom he is the father of Achilles.
Field research is research done in natural surroundings.
It is used in biology to contrast with research done in the laboratory.
Field research is defined as a qualitative method of data collection that aims to observe, interact and understand people while they are in a natural environment.
For example, nature conservationists observe behavior of animals in their natural surroundings and the way they react to certain scenarios.
In the same way, social scientists conducting field research may conduct interviews or observe people from a distance to understand how they behave in a social environment and how they react to situations around them.
Field research encompasses a diverse range of social research methods including direct observation, limited participation, analysis of documents and other information, informal interviews, surveys etc.
Although field research is generally characterized as qualitative research, it often involves multiple aspects of quantitative research in it.
Field research typically begins in a specific setting although the end objective of the study is to observe and analyze the specific behavior of a subject in that setting.
The cause and effect of a certain behavior, though, is tough to analyze due to presence of multiple variables in a natural environment.
Most of the data collection is based not entirely on cause and effect but mostly on correlation.
While field research looks for correlation, the small sample size makes it difficult to establish a causal relationship between two or more variables.
Methods of Field research
Field research is typically conducted in 5 distinctive methods.
Direct Observation
In this method, the data is collected via an observational method or subjects in a natural environment.
In this method, the behavior or outcome of situation is not interfered in any way by the researcher.
The advantage of direct observation is that it offers contextual data on people, situations, interactions and the surroundings.
This method of field research is widely used in a public setting or environment but not in a private environment as it raises an ethical dilemma.
In this method of field research, the researcher is deeply involved in the research process, not just purely as an observer, but also as a participant.
This method too is conducted in a natural environment but the only difference is the researcher gets involved in the discussions and can mould the direction of the discussions.
In this method, researchers live in a comfortable environment with the participants of the research, to make them comfortable and open up to in-depth discussions.
Ethnography is an expanded observation of social research and social perspective and the cultural values of an  entire social setting.
In ethnography, entire communities are observed objectively.
For example,  if a researcher would like to understand how an Amazon tribe lives their life and operates, he/she may chose to observe them or live amongst them and silently observe their day-to-day behavior.
Qualitative Interviews
Qualitative interviews are close-ended questions that are asked directly to the research subjects.
The qualitative interviews could be either informal and conversational, semi-structured, standardized and open-ended or a mix of all the above three.
This provides a wealth of data to the researcher that they can sort through.
This also helps collect relational data.
This method of field research can use a mix of one-on-one interviews, focus groups and text analysis.
A case study research is an in-depth analysis of a person, situation or event.
This method may look difficult to operate, however, it is one of the simplest ways of conducting research as it involves a deep dive and thorough understanding the data collection methods and inferring the data.
Edmund Brisco Ford FRS (23 April 1901 – 2 January 1988) was a British ecological geneticist.
He was a leader among those British biologists who investigated the role of natural selection in nature.
As a schoolboy Ford became interested in lepidoptera, the group of insects which includes butterflies and moths.
He went on to study the genetics of natural populations, and invented the field of ecological genetics.
Ford was awarded the Royal Society's Darwin Medal in 1954.
Later, in 1968, he was awarded UNESCO's Kalinga Prize for the popularisation of science.
Specialising in genetics, he was appointed Oxford University Reader in Genetics in 1939 and was the Director of the Genetics Laboratory, 1952–1969, and Professor of Ecological Genetics 1963–1969.
Ford was one of the first scientists to be elected a Fellow of All Souls College since the seventeenth century.
Ford had a long working relationship with R.A. Fisher.
By the time Ford had developed his formal definition of genetic polymorphism, Fisher had got accustomed to high selection values in nature.
He was most impressed by the fact that polymorphism concealed powerful selective forces (Ford gave human blood types as an example).
Like Fisher, he continued the natural selection versus genetic drift debate with Sewall Wright, whom Ford believed put too much emphasis on genetic drift.