the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Experimenters can create such nuclei using artificially induced fusion or nucleon transfer reactions, employing ion beams from an accelerator.
Topics in nuclear physics
Nuclear decay
If a nucleus has too few or too many neutrons it may be unstable, and will decay after some period of time.
For example, nitrogen-16 atoms (7 protons, 9 neutrons) beta decay to oxygen-16 atoms (8 protons, 8 neutrons) within a few seconds of being created.
In this decay a neutron in the nitrogen nucleus is turned into a proton and an electron by the weak nuclear force.
The element of the atom changes because while it previously had seven protons (which makes it nitrogen) it now has eight (which makes it oxygen).
Many elements have multiple isotopes which are stable for weeks, years, or even billions of years.
When two light nuclei come into very close contact with each other it is possible for the strong force to fuse the two together.
It takes a great deal of energy to push the nuclei close enough together for the strong force to have an effect, so the process of nuclear fusion can only take place at very high temperatures or high densities.
Once the nuclei are close enough together the strong force overcomes their electromagnetic repulsion and squishes them into a new nucleus.
A very large amount of energy is released when light nuclei fuse together because the binding energy per nucleon increases with mass number up until nickel-62.
Stars like our sun are powered by the fusion of four protons into a helium nucleus, two positrons, and two neutrinos.
The uncontrolled fusion of hydrogen into helium is known as thermonuclear runaway.
Research to find an economically viable method of using energy from a controlled fusion reaction is currently being undertaken by various research establishments (see JET and ITER).
For nuclei heavier than nickel-62 the binding energy per nucleon decreases with the mass number.
It is therefore possible for energy to be released if a heavy nucleus breaks apart into two lighter ones.
This splitting of atoms is known as nuclear fission.
The process of alpha decay may be thought of as a special type of spontaneous nuclear fission.
This process produces a highly asymmetrical fission because the four particles which make up the alpha particle are especially tightly bound to each other, making production of this nucleus in fission particularly likely.
For certain of the heaviest nuclei which produce neutrons on fission, and which also easily absorb neutrons to initiate fission, a self-igniting type of neutron-initiated fission can be obtained, in a so-called chain reaction. [
Chain reactions were known in chemistry before physics, and in fact many familiar processes like fires and chemical explosions are chemical chain reactions].
The fission or "nuclear" chain-reaction, using fission-produced neutrons, is the source of energy for nuclear power plants and fission type nuclear bombs such as the two that the United States used against Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.
Heavy nuclei such as uranium and thorium may undergo spontaneous fission, but they are much more likely to undergo decay by alpha decay.
For a neutron-initiated chain-reaction to occur, there must be a critical mass of the element present in a certain space under certain conditions (these conditions slow and conserve neutrons for the reactions).
There is one known example of a natural nuclear fission reactor, which was active in two regions of Oklo, Gabon, Africa, over 1.5 billion years ago.
Measurements of natural neutrino emission have demonstrated that around half of the heat emanating from the earth's core results from radioactive decay.
However, it is not known if any of this results from fission chain-reactions.
Production of heavy elements
As the Universe cooled after the big bang  it eventually became possible for particles as we know them to exist.
The most common particles created in the big bang which are still easily observable to us today were protons (hydrogen) and electrons (in equal numbers).
Some heavier elements were created as the protons collided with each other, but most of the heavy elements we see today were created inside of stars during a series of fusion stages, such as the proton-proton chain, the CNO cycle and the triple-alpha process.
Since the binding energy per nucleon peaks around iron, energy is only released in fusion processes occurring below this point.
Since the creation of heavier nuclei by fusion costs energy, nature resorts to the process of neutron capture.
Neutrons (due to their lack of charge) are readily absorbed by a nucleus.
The heavy elements are created by either a slow neutron capture process (the so-called s process) or by the rapid, or r process.
The s process occurs in thermally pulsing stars (called AGB, or asymptotic giant branch stars) and takes hundreds to thousands of years to reach the heaviest elements of lead and bismuth.
The r process is thought to occur in supernova explosions because the conditions of high temperature, high neutron flux and ejected matter are present.
These stellar conditions make the successive neutron captures very fast, involving very neutron-rich species which then beta-decay to heavier elements, especially at the so-called waiting points that correspond to more stable nuclides with closed neutron shells (magic numbers).
The r process duration is typically in the range of a few seconds.
Liquid drop model
The Nucleus - a chapter from an online textbook
- Study of the NUCLEAR STRUCTURE by R. Kolessin
The head of the government of the state of Florida is called the Governor of Florida.
He is not the head of all parts of the government, but is like the state's president, and is head of the executive branch of the state, which is where decisions about running the state are made.
He can also give orders to the military people of the state.
The territory of Florida was transferred from Spain to the United States on July 10, 1821.
Before that, governors were assigned by the government of Spain.
No governors were elected between 1821 and 1845.
During that period, there were five military governors: William Duval (April 17, 1822 - April 24, 1834), John Eaton (April 24, 1834 - March 16, 1836), Richard Call (March 16, 1836 - December 2, 1839), Robert R. Reid (December 2, 1839 - March 19, 1841), Richard Call (his 2nd time) (March 19, 1841 - August 11, 1844), and John Branch (August 11, 1844 - June 25, 1845).
List of Governors of Florida
Florida acceded to statehood on March 3, 1845.
These are the governors of the State of Florida:
Living former governors
, six former governors were alive.
The most recent death of a former governor was that of Wayne Mixson (1987), on July 8, 2020.
Fred McDowell (January 12 1904 – July 3 1972) (also known as Mississippi Fred McDowell) was a Delta blues singer and guitar player.
His parents died when he was young.
McDowell was born in Rossville, Tennessee, near Memphis.
He started playing guitar when he was 14 and played at parties around where he lived.
McDowell moved to Memphis in 1926 where he played for money.
Soon after, he moved to Como, Mississippi in 1940 or 1941 and worked as a farmer.
He still played at parties.
Mostly, he played slide guitar using a pocket knife and then a slide made from a beef rib bone, later switching to a glass slide.
He played with the slide on his ring finger.
In the 1950s, people became more interested in Blues Music and McDowell became more famous.
He recorded for the first time in 1959 with Alan Lomax and Shirley Collins.
He started playing on electric guitar rather than acoustic but said "I do not play no rock and roll".
He taught Bonnie Raitt the slide guitar technique, and was written about by The Rolling Stones'.
McDowell's first album came out in 1969, called I Do Not Play No Rock 'N' Roll.
Illustrated Fred McDowell discography
For the Taurus Mountains on the moon, see Montes Taurus.
For Mount Taurus outside Cold Spring, New York, see Bull Hill.
Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları) are a mountain range in Turkey, from which the Euphrates (Turkish: Fırat) and Tigris (Turkish: Dicle) descend into Syria and Iraq.
The Manavgat River comes from its southern slopes.
The mountain range extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris in the east.
It has many peaks rising above 10,000–12,000 ft (3,000–3,700 m), with the Demirkazık summit in the region known as Aladağlar, at 3,756 meters (12,322 ft.)
as the highest point.
Another important peak is Medetsiz (3,524 m/11,561 ft) in the Bolkar Dağları section.
NASA satellite view of the Taurus Mountains
Information about Taurus Mountains in English
Livius.org: Taurus
Montes Taurus is a mountainous region on the Moon.
These peaks are on a highland region to the east of the Mare Serenitatis, in the northeastern quadrant of the Moon's near side.
The selenographic coordinates of this range are , and they have a diameter about 170 km.
Some of the peaks within the range achieve heights of 3.0 km.
A number of craters lie within this range.
At the southwestern edge of the range is Römer crater, and Newcomb crater is in the northeastern section.
Taurus, Montes
Sassari is a city in the region of Sardinia in Italy.
It is the capital of the Province of Sassari.
About 130,000 people live in Sassari.
This makes it the second largest city in Sardinia.
The first time that the city appeared in a map was in 1131 with the name Jordi de Sassaro, in 1135 the name was Tathari.
The city grown up very fast and in 1294, became a libero comune (independent municipality).
In the early 14th century the island of Sardinia was occupied by the Aragonese, the municipality sent a delegation to the court of Aragon, but they did not achieve any agreement.
So with the support of the Republic of Genoa and the Doria's family, the people of Sassari rose up against the invaders, until 1417 when the king Alfonso V granted an acceptable status to the town.
In 1617 in town the Jesuits founded the University.
In 1713, after the Treaty of Utrecht, in the island of Sardinia started the brief period of the Austro-Hungarian administration.
In fact since 1720 the island was annexed by the House of Savoy and since then was born the Kingdom of Sardinia.
But in 1793, after years of political struggle, in the island started an uprising, called “Sarda rivoluzione” (Sardinian revolution), led by the patriot Giovanni Maria Angioy, who entered triumphantly in the city of Sassari, followed by thousand of revolutionaries coming from all over the island.
But the Savoy, stifled the rebellion with ferocity, reconquered the town.
But the rebellion in town will continued until the middle of the 19th century.
In 1861 the Kingdom of Sardinia, after the campaign to unify Italy and the annexation of many small states, it became the founding state of the new Kingdom of Italy.
Since then Sassari is an Italian city.
Museo nazionale archeologico ed etnografico "G. A. Sanna"
(Via Roma 64) also called Museo Sanna - Sito
Pinacoteca nazionale MUS'A, ex Collegio Gesuitico Canopoleno
Monuments and architectures
City Walls and pisan-genoan towers, 13th century
Fontana di Rosello,Rosello Fountain 1585-1606
Teatro Civico, Civic theatre 1825-1829
Religious Architectures
Cattedrale di San Nicola, the Cathedral 12th-18th century
Chiesa di Santa Maria di Betlem, Church of Holy Mary of Bethlehem 12th-19th century
Chiesa di San Pietro in Silki, Church of saint Peter in Silki 11th-17th century
Santa Caterina, Church of saint Catharine 16th century architect Giovanni Maria Bernardoni
San Donato, 13th-17th century
San Michele di Plaiano,Church of saint Michael of Plaiano 12th century
Casa Aragonese, (Aragonese House) 15th century
Palazzo Ducale,  (Ducal Palace) City Hall Building, 1775-1804
Palazzo Barone d'Usini, piazza Tola, , (The Baron of Usini Palace) City Library, 16th century
Palazzo Moros y Molinos, 17th century
Palazzo Ferrale, 16th century
Palazzo Sciuti, piazza d'Italia, (Sciuti's Palace) the Provincial Legislative Building Provincia di Sassari, 1873
Consulates
Bull Hill, sometimes called Mount Taurus, is a mountain in the U.S. state of New York.
It is north of the village of Cold Spring on the Hudson River, in Putnam County.
It is part of the mountain range known as the Hudson Highlands which are part of the Appalachian Mountains.
The mountain may have gotten its name from a bull that farmers chased down it.
The bull's fall gave the Breakneck Ridge its name.
Forlì is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy.
It is the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.
About 110,000 people live in Forli.
The Zagros Mountains (, ), make up Iran's and Iraq's largest mountain range.
They have a total length of 1 500 km.
The north end is in northwestern Iran and they run near the border with Iraq and along the north coast of the Persian Gulf.
The mountain range ends at the Straits of Hormuz.
The highest points in the Zagros Mountains are Zard Kuh (4 548 m) and Mt. Dena (4 359 m).
Taurus mountains
Zagros, Photos from Iran, Livius .
The genus Dionysia
Iran, Timeline of Art History
Mesopotamia 9000 - 500 B.C.
Geography of Iraq
Latina is a city in the region of Lazio.
It is the capital of the Province of Latina.
About 110,000 people live in Latina.
This makes it the second largest city in Lazio.
Monza is a city in the region of Lombardy.
In 2009 it will become the capital of the Province of Monza and Brianza.
About 120,000 people live in Monza.
This makes it the third largest city in Lombardy.
Giugliano in Campania is a city the region of Campania in Italy.
It is the largest city in Italy that is not a capital of a province.
About 105,000 people live there.
The revolution established the principle of the "right to work" (droit au travail), and decided to establish "National Workshops" for the unemployed.
At the same time a sort of industrial parliament was established at the Luxembourg Palace, under the presidency of Louis Blanc.
Tensions between liberal Orleanist and Radical Republicans and Socialists would cause the June Days Uprising a few months later.
The End of the Revolution in France
The era of revolution in France came to an end when Louis Napoleon dissolved the National Assembly without having the constitutional right to do so, and became the sole ruler of France.
In 1852 he reestablished the empire and took the title Emperors Napoleon III.
1848 Revolution in literature
Karl Marx's Essay The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852) describes the 1848 revolution as a class struggle.
The District of Nyon is a district in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.
On 1 September 2006, Nyon was reorganized.
There are now fewer municipalities.
James was born near Bentonia, Mississippi.
He worked on road construction in the early 1920s, and wrote his earliest song, "Illinois Blues", about his experience as a worker.
He began playing guitar in open D-minor tuning with three fingers.
1920s and '30s
Skip James traveled to Grafton, Wisconsin to record for Paramount.
James recorded blues and spirituals and cover versions of other songs.
The Great Depression happened just as James' records were put on the market.
Not many people bought them because of this and James had to give up Blues music and worked in a church with his father.
After the depression
For the next thirty years, James did not record any songs.
In July 1964, James started playing again and he recorded for the Takoma, Melodeon, and Vanguard labels and played until his death in 1969.
Complete 1931 Session Yazoo, 1986
Complete Recorded Works (1931) Document, 1990
The Complete Early Recordings of Skip James - 1930 Yazoo, 1994
Cypress Grove Blues Snapper Music Group, 2004
Illinois Blues Universe, 2004
The Complete 1931 Recordings Body & Soul, 2005
Hard Time Killin' Floor Yazoo, 2005
Greatest of the Delta Blues Singers Biograph, 1964
She Lyin Adelphi, 1964 (first released: Genes, 1996)
Skip James Today!
Vanguard, 1965
Devil Got My Woman  Vanguard, 1968
I'm So Glad Vanguard, 1978
Live: Boston, 1964 & Philadelphia, 1966  Document, 1994
Skip's Piano Blues, 1964 (Genes, 1998)
Blues From the Delta Vanguard, 1998 (two unreleased recordings)
The Complete Bloomington, Indiana Concert - March 30, 1968 Document, 1999
Skip's Guitar Blues, 1964(?) (
Genes, 1999)
Studio Sessions: Rare and Unreleased, 1967 (Vanguard, 2003)
Hard Time Killing Floor Blues Biograph, 2003
Heroes of the Blues: The Very Best of Skip James Shout!,
Hard Time Universe, 2003
Illustrated Skip James discography
Interview with Skip James' surviving cousin
A biography by Roi Geyari, a fan from Israel
Can't Find No Heaven: The Mysteries of Skip James  by Matt R. Lohr, a speculative study of Skip James' personality
Blues pianists
Nirvana was an American rock band formed in Aberdeen, Washington, in 1987.
It was founded by singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic.
Nirvana had many drummers, but the final and most well known drummer was Dave Grohl, who joined in 1990.
The band ended in 1994 after the death of Cobain.
Since they formed, they have sold over 75 million records all over the world.
Nirvana were part of a rock music genre from Seattle called grunge.
The genre comes from both punk rock and heavy metal.
They released their first album, called Bleach, for record label Sub Pop in 1989.
Nirvana's style was songs with quiet verses and loud choruses.
After signing to record label DGC Records, in 1991, Nirvana became very popular after releasing the song "Smells Like Teen Spirit".
This song was the first single from their second album Nevermind (1991), which sold over 30 million copies worldwide.
Nirvana becoming popular also made alternative rock popular.
Cobain was then called by some people the "spokesman of a generation".
After many tours and the 1992 compilation album Incesticide and EP Hormoaning, Nirvana released their third studio album In Utero (1993).
It was well liked by critics and sold 15 million records worldwide.
Nirvana ended after the death of Kurt Cobain in 1994.
Some live albums have been released since.
MTV Unplugged in New York (1994) won a Grammy Award for  Best Alternative Music Album in 1996.
Formation and early years (1987-1988)
Singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic met while they were at Aberdeen High School.
Cobain said they didn't speak much while there.
They became friends after high school while they were both often in the practising space of the Melvins Cobain wanted to start a band with Novoselic, but Novoselic did not answer for a long time.
Cobain sent him a demo of his band Fecal Matter.
Three years later, Novoselic told Cobain he had listened to the tape and said they should start a band.
Following a tour stop in Munich, Germany on March 1, 1994, Kurt was diagnosed with severe Bronchitis.
He flew to Rome the next day for treatment, and his wife Courtney Love met him there a few days later.
On March 4, Kurt was rushed to the hospital after an overdose of Rohypnol, which he had consumed with Champagne.
On March 18, Courtney called the Seattle Police to their home over one dispute, informing them that Kurt was suicidal and that he had locked himself in a room with a gun.
When the police arrived, Kurt explained to them that he was not suicidal and that he only wanted to leave Courtney.
On March 25, Courtney arranged an intervention for Kurt, however it was  unsuccessful, with Kurt insulting its participants.
On March 30, Kurt and his best friend Dylan Carlson went to buy a shotgun, which he told him he needed for home protection and because of prowlers.
The guns Kurt owned previously had been seized by the police, leading Dylan to buy the gun in his name, and not Kurt’s.
That same day, Kurt checked into Exodus Recovery Center, and flew to Los Angeles.
After two days at the treatment center, Kurt jumped over a 6 foot perimeter wall and bought a plane ticket back to Seattle.
On the flight, he sat next to Guns N' Roses’ Duff McKagan, who knew that in all of his instinct that something was wrong.
When Kurt arrived back in Seattle, people reported sightings of him in the days following.
When Courtney learned that he left Exodus, she began trying to locate him.
On April 4, she called in a missing person’s report for him, pretending to be his mother Wendy when making the call.
The day after, she instructed an assistant to hire electricians to install security lighting and motion censors on a greenhouse above the garage of the Cobains’ home.
On April 7, Nirvana pulled out of that year’s Lollapalooza music festival.
The next day, one of the hired electricians named Gary Smith found Kurt’s body lying in the greenhouse, and called the police.
No attempt was ever made to reform Nirvana.
After the band
After Nirvana broke up, Dave Grohl started a new band called the Foo Fighters.
Krist Novoselic became interested in politics and also kept making music.
He was the bassist for Flipper, which Kurt Cobain was a fan of, but later left the band.
Novoselic later founded alternative rock band Giants in the Trees in 2017.
Bleach (1989)
Nevermind (1991)
In Utero (1993)
1994 disestablishments in the United States
Olaf Kölzig (born April 6, 1970) is a South African-born German retired professional ice hockey goaltender.
He played a career total of 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL).
He played for the Washington Capitals and the Tampa Bay Lightning.
Kölzig was born in South Africa, but he grew up in several cities across Canada and his family moved to Union Bay, British Columbia, Canada, when he was a teenager.
Kölzig never applied for Canadian citizenship, which, combined with his German parentage and German passport, allows him to represent Germany internationally.
In May 2008 Kolzig announced that he would not return to the Capitals.
German ice hockey players
German Olympians
New Westminster Bruins players
People from Johannesburg
Tri-City Americans players
ECHL players
This article is about the first WrestleMania itself, for the WrestleMania PPV series in general, see WrestleMania (PPV series).
WrestleMania (chronologically known as WrestleMania I) was the first WrestleMania professional wrestling event produced by the World Wrestling Federation.
It took place on March 31, 1985 at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York.
The attendance for the event was 19,121 fans.
The event was the start of the Rock 'n' Wrestling gimmick, which brought together professional wrestling and the music industry.
For the first WrestleMania, Vince McMahon began cross promoting with MTV and several celebrities like Muhammad Ali, Liberace and Cyndi Lauper appeared during the build up to and at the event.
To build up the show, the WWF aired two wrestling specials on MTV.
The first one was The Brawl to End it All, aired on July 23, 1984, in which a match from a live MSG broadcast was shown on MTV.
Wendi Richter defeated The Fabulous Moolah to win the WWF Women's Championship on the card, with Lauper on her side.
At The War to Settle the Score, which aired on February 18, 1985, Leilani Kai, accompanied by Moolah, defeated Richter, again accompanied by Lauper, to win the Women's Championship.
In the months leading up to the first WrestleMania, Roddy Piper began a talk-show segment on WWF television entitles Piper's Pit.
On one episode of the show, he hit Jimmy Snuka over the head with coconut, leading to a feud between the two men.
As part of the storyline, Piper recruited Cowboy Bob Orton to be his bodyguard.
On another episode of Piper's Pit, Piper spoke out against the burgeoning Rock 'n' Wrestling connection, which led to a confrontation with Hulk Hogan.
In February 1985, the two men faced each other at The War to Settle the Score, where Hogan won by disqualification.
Their on-going feud led to their match at WrestleMania.
WWF announcer Gene Okerlund did the singing of the National Anthem, with Gorilla Monsoon and Jesse "The Body" Ventura calling the action.
Gene Okerlund also did interviews backstage, with "Lord" Alfred Hayes doing interviews near the entrance to the locker room, right outside the ring.
Howard Finkel began the first of his many times ring announcing WrestleMania events, on this broadcast.
The opening theme for the event was the instrumental portion of the Phil Collins and Philip Bailey hit "Easy Lover", while the closing theme for the credits was "Axel F." by Harold Faltermeyer.
Celebrity guests in attendance for this WrestleMania included Billy Martin, Cyndi Lauper, Mr. T, Muhammad Ali, and Liberace accompanied by The Rockettes.
The first match was between Tito Santana and The Executioner.
Santana won the match after slamming The Executioner from the apron into the ring and then performing a flying forearm.
This caused The Executioner to submit.
Following the match, King Kong Bundy, accompanied by Jimmy Hart, and Special Delivery Jones made their way to the ring.
After performing an avalanche and big splash, Bundy defeated Jones in record making time.
The WWF's official time for the match is nine seconds.
The next match was between Ricky Steamboat and Matt Borne.
Steamboat took the early advantage in the match-up, until Borne performed a belly-to-belly suplex on Steamboat.
In retaliation, Steamboat used a several knife-edged chops, a belly-to-back suplex, and a flying double chop off of the ropes.
After performing a flying crossbody, Steamboat pinned Borne for the win.
After the match ended, David Sammartino, accompanied by his father Bruno Sammartino, and Brutus Beefcake, accompanied by Johnny Valiant, made their way to the ring.
The action favored both contestants, as each wrestler alternated having the advantage.
After Beefcake threw David Sammartino out of the ring, Valiant performed a body slam on him onto the cement floor.
He then pushed Sammartino back into the ring.
A short while later, all four men began fighting in the ring, and the match ended in a no-contest.
The first championship defense of WrestleMania was between Junkyard Dog (JYD) and the reigning WWF Intercontinental Champion Greg Valentine, who was accompanied to the ring by his manager Jimmy Hart.
JYD began the match in the offensive position, performing headbutts and roundhouse right hands on Valentine.
As the action went back and forth, Hart climbed on the ring apron, where Valentine accidentally hit him.
Later, Valentine pinned JYD with his feet on the ropes for leverage, which is an illegal maneuver.
As a result, Tito Santana ran down to the ring and explained what had happened to the match's official.
The match was restarted, and JYD eventually won the match by count-out.
Valentine, however, kept his title as titles do not change hands through count-out.
The following match was a for the WWF Tag Team Championship.
Nikolai Volkoff and Iron Sheik, accompanied to the ring by Freddie Blassie, challenged the reigning champions, The U.S. Express (Mike Rotundo and Barry Windham), who were accompanied by Lou Albano.
The U.S. Express dominated the early part of the match until Volkoff and The Sheik began to gain the offensive advantage over Rotundo.
After Rotundo tagged in his partner Windham, Windham performed a bulldog on The Sheik.
After nearly being pinned, The Sheik hit Windham in the head with Blassie's cane as the referee had his back turned.
After Volkloff got the pin, Volkoff and The Sheik were crowned as the new tag champions.
The next match on the card was a $15,000 Body Slam Challenge between André the Giant and Big John Studd, who was accompanied by Bobby Heenan.
The stipulation of the match was that André the Giant had to body slam Studd to win $15,000, and if he failed, he would be forced to retire.
After beginning the match in the defensive position, André countered with chops and a headbutt.
After weakening his knees with multiple kicks, André was able to lift Studd over his shoulders and execute a body slam to win the match.
After André collected his prize money, he threw  some of it into the audience.
Heenan, however, grabbed the bag holding the remainder of the winnings and ran from ringside.
As a result of the match, André was able to continue his undefeated streak unscathed.
After all the men had left ringside, it was time for the WWF Women's Championship match between Wendi Richter, managed by singer Cyndi Lauper, and Leilani Kai, managed by former champion The Fabulous Moolah.
Shortly after the match began, Moolah grabbed Richter as she was outside on the floor, but Lauper saved her from an attack.
Kai then performed a flying crossbody from the top rope, but Richter used Kai's momentum to roll-up Kai in a pinning position.
With this pin, Richter became the new Women's Champion.
The main event and last match of the night pitted Hulk Hogan, the reigning WWF Champion, and Mr. T, accompanied by Jimmy Snuka, against Roddy Piper and Paul Orndorff, accompanied by Cowboy Bob Orton.
Professional boxer Muhammad Ali was the special guest referee.
First, Piper, Orndorff, and Orton made their way to the ring as drums and bagpipes played, causing the crowd to boo.
The match began with Mr. T and Piper in the ring and the two traded blows.
Mid-way through the match, all four men began brawling in the ring, and Muhammad Ali punched Piper in an attempt to restore order.
After the match's order was restored, Orndorff and Piper had the offensive advantage.
As Orndorff locked Hogan into a full nelson, Orton climbed the top rope to attempt to knock out Hogan.
Instead, Orton mistakenly hit Orndorff, and Hogan pinned him to win the match.
In frustration, Piper knocked out the other official, Pat Patterson, and went backstage.
Approximately three months after WrestleMania, Nikolai Volkoff and Iron Sheik lost the title back to The U.S. Express (Mike Rotundo and Barry Windham).
They held the title until August, when the team of Brutus Beefcake and Greg Valentine became the new champions.
The duo, later known as The Dream Team, revitalized the WWF's tag team scene and feuded with The British Bulldogs.
In late 1985, Wendi Richter was defeated by The Fabulous Moolah, losing her WWF Women's Championship in controversial fashion.
Moolah, who wrestled as a masked female wrestler known as The Spider Lady, won the title after convincing an official to call the match in her favor, but Richter was unaware of the planned title change.
Richter left the WWF shortly after, and Moolah held the title for approximately two years.
In a new storyline after WrestleMania, Roddy Piper began training Cowboy Bob Orton as a boxer.
Hulk Hogan accepted a challenge on the behalf of Mr. T to face Orton in match on an episode of Saturday Night's Main Event.
After Mr. T won the match, Orton and Piper attacked him, leading to a boxing match at WrestleMania II between Piper and Mr. T. At the second annual WrestleMania, Piper was disqualified in the third round.
A technical glitch ended the closed circuit broadcast early into the showing at the Civic Arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
To appease angry fans who pelted the screen with garbage, WrestleMania was broadcast in its entirety on a local television station two weeks later.
The Official Website of WrestleMania (I)
WrestleMania 01
Léon is a city in the state of Guanajuato in Mexico.
About 1,150,000 people live in Léon.
This makes it the seventh largest city in Mexico and the largest city in Guanajuato.
1576 establishments
16th-century establishments in Mexico
Jim Carey (born May 31, 1974 in Dorchester, Massachusetts) is an  American retired ice hockey goaltender.
1993 - WCHA All-Rookie Team
1993 – WCHA Rookie of the Year
1993 – WCHA Second All-Star Team
1995 – AHL Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award
1995 – AHL Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award
1995 – AHL First All-Star Team
1995 – NHL All-Rookie Team
1996 – NHL First All-Star Team
1996 – NHL Vezina Trophy
June 20, 1992 – Drafted in the 2nd round, 32nd overall by the Washington Capitals in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft
March 1, 1997 – Traded by the Washington Capitals with Jason Allison, Anson Carter, and the Capitals' 3rd round selection (Lee Goren) in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft to the Boston Bruins for Adam Oates, Bill Ranford, and Rick Tocchet
March 1, 1999 – Signed by the St. Louis Blues
American ice hockey goaltenders
People from Dorchester, Massachusetts
Ciudad Juárez is a city in the Mexician state of Chihuahua.
About 1,300,000 people live in Ciudad Juárez.
This makes it the fifth largest city in Mexico and the largest city in Chihuahua.
It is at the border to the USA, opposite El Paso.
Settlements in Chihuahua
17th-century establishments in Mexico
San Cristóbal Ecatepec (or Ecatepec de Morelos) is a city in the state of México in Mexico.
About 1,700,000 people live there.
This makes San Christóbal de Ectatepec the second largest city in Mexico and the largest in the state of México.
Settlements in Mexico (state)
Joseph Jacques Omer "Jake the Snake" Plante (January 17, 1929 – February 27, 1986) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender.
He grew up in Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, and began to play hockey in 1932.
Plante started to play organized hockey at age 12, and his first professional game was at age 18.
He played for the Montreal Canadiens from 1953 to 1963; during this time, the team won the Stanley Cup six times, including five wins in a row.
Plante first retired in 1965, but he was asked to come back to the NHL to play for a new team, the St. Louis Blues, in 1968.
Plante was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1970, and then to the Boston Bruins in 1973.
He joined the World Hockey Association, first as coach and general manager for the Quebec Nordiques in 1973–74.
After his time with Quebec was not successful, Plante played goal for the Edmonton Oilers in 1974–75.
Plante retired for the last time during training camp in the 1975-76 season.
Plante is considered one of the most important inventors in ice hockey.
Most importantly, Plante was the first NHL goaltender to always wear mask when playing.
With the help of other experts, he made and tested many versions of the goalie mask, including a version of today's mask/helmet combination.
Plante was the first goaltender to regularly play the puck outside his crease in support of his team's defencemen, and often instructed his teammates from behind the play, as the goaltender usually has the best view of the game.
Plante was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1978.
He was chosen as the goaltender of the Canadiens' "dream team" in 1985.
He was inducted into the Quebec Sports Pantheon in 1994.
Lastly, the Montreal Canadiens retired Plante's sweater, #1, in 1995.
Plante was the eldest of 11 children.
In 1949, he married Jacqueline Gagné; they had two sons, Michel and Richard.
In 1970, Plante met his second wife, Raymonde Udrisard, with whom he eventually moved to Switzerland.
He died in Geneva, on February 27, 1986, shortly after he had been diagnosed with untreatable stomach cancer.
He was buried in Sierre.
Post season
Goalie mask
O'Brien, Andy with Plante, Jacques (1973) The Jacques Plante Story.
Toronto: McGraw Hill. .
Plante, Jacques (1972).
On goaltending: Fundamentals of hockey netminding by the master of the game.
Toronto: Collier MacMillan Canada. .
Published 1972 in French as Devant le filet.
Toronto: Collier MacMillan Canada.
Both editions reprinted 1997.
Montreal: Multimedia Robert Davies.
(English) and  (French).
History by the Minute—re-enactment of the game where Plante first wore a goaltender mask in regulation play
NHL Network Online video article on Plante, including footage from November 1, 1959
The Hockey Hall of Fame () is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
It is both a sports history museum and a hall of fame.
It holds displays about players, teams, National Hockey League (NHL) records, and NHL trophies, including the Stanley Cup.
First opened in Kingston, Ontario, the Hockey Hall of Fame was first began in 1943 by James T. Sutherland.
The first group of members was selected in 1945, before the Hall of Fame had a permanent location.
It moved to Toronto in 1958 after the NHL took away its support for the Kingston location.
Its first permanent building opened at Exhibition Place in 1961.
Because the Hall was getting too big for its location, it was moved to an old Bank of Montreal building in downtown Toronto in 1993, where it currently is.
The Hockey Hall of Fame official site
History of Toronto: Hockey Hall of Fame
Ice hockey in Canada
He moved to Canada with his family when he was 16 years old and attended Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal.
He was a referee in the National Hockey Association and was involved with minor hockey in the Montreal, Quebec area.
On November 2, 1921, Dandurand and his partners, Joseph Cattarinich and Louis Letourneau, purchased the Montreal Canadiens hockey club from the widow of George Kennedy for $11,000.
Under Dandurand's ownership, the Canadiens won the Stanley Cup in 1924, 1930, and 1931.
Letourneau sold his stake in the club in 1930, and Dandurand and Cattarinich continued as owners until selling the team in 1935 for $165,000.
In 1932, they bought Blue Bonnets Raceway in Montreal.
They owned 17 tracks in Quebec, Ontario, New York, Ohio, Delaware, Illinois, Utah, and Louisiana at the time of Cattarinich's death in 1938.
Dandurand was also a boxing and wrestling promoter in Montreal and a director of the Montreal Royals baseball team.
In 1946, Dandurand founded the Montreal Alouettes football team with Eric Cradock and Lew Hayman.
The team played in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, which later became the CFL's east division.
In his later years, Dandurand owned a successful restaurant in downtown Montreal.
He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963 and died of a heart attack on June 26, 1964 at age 75.
William John "Battlin' Billy" Smith (born December 12, 1950, in Perth, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender and is best known for winning four Stanley Cups and being the first goaltender to score a goal.
William Ronald Durnan (January 22, 1916 – October 31, 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender.
He played 7 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL).
He played his entire NHL career with the Montreal Canadiens.
Until Roberto Luongo was named captain of the Vancouver Canucks on September 30, 2008, Durnan was the last goaltender to be a captain in the National Hockey League, and one of only seven ever.
Bill Durnan was ambidextrous, meaning he could catch with either hand.
This star goalie is one of the greatest Montreal Canadiens in history.
He won the Stanley Cup twice with the Canadiens and was a six-time Vezina Trophy winner.
Durnan was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1964.
First All-Star Team goalie in 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950.
Won the Vezina Trophy in 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950.
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties in minutes
GP = Games played, GA = Goals against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals against average
NHL Championship
Montreal wins total goals series 6 goals to 4
Montreal wins total goals series 2 goals to 1.
Montreal Maroons win best-of-five series 3 games to 1 for the Stanley Cup
NHL Playoff leading scorer
Wildor Larochelle, Montreal Canadiens
Albert Leduc, Montreal Canadiens
Pit Lepine, Montreal Canadiens
Babe Siebert, Montreal Maroons
Nels Stewart, Montreal Maroons
Joe Simpson, New York Americans
Hec Kilrea, Ottawa Senators
Roy Worters, Pittsburgh Pirates
Harold Darragh, Pittsburgh Pirates
Baldy Cotton, Pittsburgh Pirates
Lionel Conacher, Pittsburgh Pirates
Hib Milks, Pittsburgh Pirates
Georges Vezina, Montreal Canadiens
1920s in North America
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties in minutes
Leading Goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; MIN = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shut outs; AVG = Goals against average
Stanley Cup Playoffs
All dates in 1927
Montreal Canadiens win total-goals series 2–1
Boston wins total-goals series 10 goals to 5
Ottawa wins total-goals series 5–1
Boston wins total-goals series 3–1
Ottawa wins best-of-five series 2–0–2
Playoff scoring leaders
Percy Galbraith, Boston Bruins
Eddie Shore, Boston Bruins
Harry Oliver, Boston Bruins
Duke Keats, Boston Bruins
George Hay, Chicago Black Hawks
Mickey MacKay, Chicago Black Hawks
Dick Irvin, Chicago Black Hawks
Frank Foyston, Detroit Cougars
Jack Walker, Detroit Cougars
Frank Fredrickson, Detroit Cougars
George Hainsworth, Montreal Canadiens
Art Gagne, Montreal Canadiens
Herb Gardiner, Montreal Canadiens
Hap Emms, Montreal Maroons
Red Dutton, Montreal Maroons
Norman Himes, New York Americans
Paul Thompson, New York Rangers
Bill Cook, New York Rangers
Bun Cook, New York Rangers
Murray Murdoch, New York Rangers
Lorne Chabot, New York Rangers
Clarence Abel, New York Rangers
Ching Johnson, New York Rangers
Ace Bailey, Toronto St. Patricks
Butch Keeling, Toronto St. Patricks
Carl Voss, Toronto St. Patricks
Shorty Green, New York Americans
Newsy Lalonde, New York Americans
Jack Adams, Ottawa Senators
Bert Corbeau, Toronto St. Patricks
1927 in North America
Ed Westfall, Boston Bruins
Pat Stapleton, Boston Bruins
Pit Martin, Detroit Red Wings
Red Berenson, Montreal Canadiens
Vic Hadfield, New York Rangers
Gerry Cheevers, Toronto Maple Leafs
Dollard St. Laurent, Chicago Black Hawks
Leo Labine, Detroit Red Wings
Marcel Bonin, Montreal Canadiens
Johnny Wilson, New York Rangers
Bert Olmstead, Toronto Maple Leafs
1961 in North America
1962 in North America
WWE Night of Champions was the second yearly Night of Champions professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
Though it was the eighth yearly event, it was the second yearly event under the Night of Champions name.
It took place on June 29, 2008 at American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas and featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands.
The official theme song was "Devour" by Shinedown.
As a tradition, every championship in WWE was defended at the event.
Official Night Of Champions website
21st century in Dallas, Texas
The William M. Jennings Trophy is an award in the National Hockey League (NHL) given each year to "to the goalkeeper(s) having played a minimum of 25 games for the team with the fewest goals scored against it.
Winners are selected based on regular-season play."
Up until 1981, the Vezina Trophy had been awarded under that definition, but it was later changed and replaced by the Jennings Trophy.
Since it began in 1982, it has been awarded at the end of 25 seasons to 27 different players.
The most recent winners are Corey Crawford of the Chicago Blackhawks and Carey Price of the Montreal Canadiens, who both allowed only 189 team goals against for their teams in the 2014–15 NHL season.
Until the 1980–81 season, the Vezina Trophy was awarded to the goaltender(s) of the team allowing the fewest goals during the regular season.
However, it was discovered that this often meant the trophy went to the goaltender of the better team rather than the individual, so they changed it to offer the Vezina to the most outstanding goaltender, as voted by the NHL General Managers.
The William M. Jennings Trophy was created as a replacement and is given to the goaltender(s) playing for the team with the fewest goals scored against them.
The Jennings Trophy was donated by the NHL's board of governors and first handed out at the end of the 1981–82 season.
It is named for the late William M. Jennings, who was a governor and president of the New York Rangers and who helped build ice hockey in the United States.
Normally the lowest number of games a goaltender must play to be eligible for the trophy is 25, but for the lockout shortened 1994–95 season, the lowest was fourteen games.
Five players have won both the Jennings and Vezina Trophy for the same season: Patrick Roy (1988–89 and 1991–92), Ed Belfour (1990–91 and 1992–93), Dominik Hasek (1993–94 and 2000–01), Martin Brodeur (2002–03 and 2003–04) and Miikka Kiprusoff (2005–06).
Roy has won the trophy five times, the most of any goaltender.
Belfour and Brodeur are tied for second, having each won the trophy four times.
It has been won most often by the Montreal Canadiens, on 5 occasions.
The New Jersey Devils have won four times, and Buffalo Sabres and Chicago Blackhawks have three wins each.
For the 2002–03 season, there was a tie between Martin Brodeur of the New Jersey Devils and Robert Esche and Roman Cechmanek of the Philadelphia Flyers.
This is the only time that there has been a tie between players from different teams.
The gemsbok or gemsbuck (Oryx gazella) is an African plains antelope.
They are found all over Africa, especially Tanzania, Namibia and South Africa.
Gemsboks live in a herd of 10-40.
The herds are usually set up with a dominant male and female as leaders of the herd.
The males have striaght pointed horns and have been known to attack and kill lions and other predators by impaling them.
The females are the same, but sometimes have curved horns.
Northern and Southern
There are two varieties of gemsbok.
A Northern Gemsbuck and a Southern Gemsbok.
The northern variety have black fringed ears and live in the more northern parts of Africa.
The Southern variety have longer horns and live in the southern parts of Africa.
The Left Hand of Darkness is a science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in 1969.
It won the 1969 Nebula and 1970 Hugo awards.
, 1985, 1997
, 2004 (ISBN 978-953-203-182-9)
, also known as Winterplanet (Heyne-Verlag paperback edition, translated by Gisela Stege)
and later as
, 1979, 2015
, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1999, 2006
Bibliography: The Left Hand of Darkness at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Audio review and discussion of The Left Hand of Darkness at The Science Fiction Book Review Podcast
Akan is a language group spoken by related peoples in mainly Ghana and eastern Côte d'Ivoire.
Akan belongs to the Kwa group of the Niger-Congo language family.
Akan comprises three main mutually intelligible dialects: Fante, Asante Twi and Akwapim Twi.
Asante Twi is the widely used.
Akan is the most widely spoken and used indigenous language in Ghana.
About 44%, of Ghana’s population of about 22 million, speak Akan as first language.
However, about 80% of Ghanaians speak Akan as a first and second language.
It is officially recognized for literacy, at least at the lower primary (Primary 1-3) level, and studied at university as a bachelor or masters program.
It is the most important indigenous language of Ghana.
It is the language of the Western, Central, Ashanti, Eastern, Brong Ahafo regions, and the northern portion of the Volta region of Ghana.
A form of Akan is also spoken in South America, notably Suriname and Jamaica.
The language came to these places through the slave trade.
Akan is studied in major universities in the United States, including Ohio University, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Harvard University, Boston University, Indiana University, Michigan University, and The University of Florida.
It has been a regular African language of study in the annual Summer Cooperative African Languages Institute (SCALI) program.
Akkadian () or Assyro-Babylonian was a Semitic language (part of the Afro-Asiatic language family) that was spoken in ancient Iraq.
The first-known Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system from ancient Sumer.
Old Akkadian, 2500–1950 BC
Old Babylonian/Old Assyrian, 1950–1530 BC
Middle Babylonian/Middle Assyrian, 1530–1000 BC
Neo-Babylonian/Neo-Assyrian, 1000–600 BC
Late Babylonian, 600 BC–100 AD
The earliest known Akkadian inscription was found on a bowl at Ur.
It was addressed to a very early pre-Sargonic king of Ur by his queen Gan-saman, who is thought to have been from Akkad.
The Akkadian Empire, established by Sargon of Akkad, introduced the Akkadian language (the "language of Akkad") as a written language.
It used Sumerian cuneiform orthography (writing method) for the purpose.
During the middle Bronze Age (Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian period), the language displaced Sumerian.
Sumerian probably became extinct as a living language by the 18th century BC.
The Afar language () (also known as ’Afar Af, Afaraf, Qafar af) is a lowland East Cushitic language spoken by the Afar people in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti.
It is thought to have 1.5 million speakers.
Its most similar language is the Saho language.
Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken mostly in Abkhazia (Georgia) and Turkey.
It is  the official language of Georgia's Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, where around 100,000 people speak it.
The Adyghe language is one of the two main languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation.
It is spoken by many tribes of the Adyghe people.
The language is called by its speakers "Adygebze" or "Adəgăbză", and can also be spelled in English as Adygean, Adygeyan or Adygei.