the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The plural beeves, when referring to such meat-animals (of either sex), is well known in the American cattle industry, but is often restricted to steers.
The Roman army is the military of ancient Rome, the forces used by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire.
Its infantry for much of its history was the Roman legion.
Rome also had a navy.
The size of the army in the late Roman Empire was about 128,000  179,200 men.
It was very well organized.
The main Roman soldiers in the Empire were the legionaries.
The legions were separated into centuries, made up of 80 soldiers and 20 other men who remained in the camp to cook and do other chores.
Other soldiers in the army were called the auxilia.
Auxilia were non-citizens who mainly came from the Roman provinces.
They were paid less than legionaries and did not usually wear armor but at the end of their service, which was a minimum of 25 years, they were given Roman citizenship.
The army had cavalry units called Equites.
Their men were rich enough to have horses and more expensive weapons.
Being few, they were less important in battle than the infantry.
Weapons and equipment
The soldiers of the Roman army wore helmets and body protection.
In the early to mid-Republican era, legionaries usually bought their own equipment.
Hastati, the first line of soldiers, usually had breastplates, called a cuirass, and some wore lorica hamata, or chainmail.
The richer principes, the second line of soldiers, could afford lorica hamata but they were sometimes seen wearing the cheaper cuirasses.
Both hastati and principes were each armed with a gladius – a short, 60 centimeter (two foot) sword, and each had two pila – short spears.
The third line of soldiers, the Triarii, had a hasta, a two meter long spear.
They were also armed with the gladius and had an early form of the lorica segmenta or iron band armor.
All legionaries had a large rectangular shield, the scutum, which had rounded corners.
By the late Republican period, all legionaries carried a gladius, two pila, a new, larger scutum, and wore chainmail.
Lorica segmentata was only commonly worn between the 2nd and 3rd century.
From the Second Punic War onward, Roman armies had units of non-Italian mercenaries, such as Numidian light cavalry, Cretan archers, and Balearic slingers.
Roman armies had previously lacked these kinds of troops.
The main thing a member of the Roman Army needed was athletic ability.
Soldiers were expected to march about 36 km (24 miles) in five hours.
They also had to be fit to fight well and cope with any injuries.
New soldiers would do two sessions of military drill and give their oath of loyalty to their Commander and Emperor.
Every day the whole of the legion would practice running, jumping, sword fighting and javelin throwing.
Tierpark Hagenbeck (translated as "Animal park of Hagenbeck") is the name of the largest zoo in Hamburg, Germany.
The park was founded by Carl Hagenbeck in 1907.
His father was a fishmonger (a person who buys and sells fish).
It was the first zoo in the world to use moats (a moat is a large hole or trench.
Animals do not dare cross it).
Bombs in the Second World War completely destroyed the zoological garden.
With much help from the founding family, it was rebuilt after the war.
Two Indian elephants helped to clear the rubble in the zoo.
There are 210 different species in the Tierpark Hagenbeck.
The sadness is the only swan which is almost completely black, the Mourning swan.
There are also mandrills and baby elephants but no tapirs.
There is breeding for orangutans, North Chinese leopards and giant otters from South America.
Zoos in Germany
Supported software
Ubuntu extras remix , a version of Ubuntu that already includes ubuntu-restricted-extras
Cover (combat technique), a defensive movement
Cover version, a new performance or recording of a song
Something that is put over something, like a lid.
The outside of a book
In calculus, a branch of mathematics, the limit of a function is the behavior of a certain function near a selected input value for that function.
Limits are one of the main calculus topics, along with derivatives,  integration, and differential equations.
Definition of the limit
If the function  approaches a number  as  approaches a number , then
The notation for the limit above is read as "The limit of  as  approaches  is ", or alternatively,  as   (reads " tends to  as  tends to ").
Informally, this means that we can make  as close to  as possible—by making  sufficiently close to  from both sides (without making  equal to ).
Imagine we have a function such as .
When ,   is undefined, because .
Therefore, on the Cartesian coordinate system, the function  would have a vertical asymptote at .
In limit notation, this would be written as:
The limit of  as  approaches  is , which is denoted by
Right and left limits
For the function , we can get as close to  in the -values as we want, so long as we do not make  equal to .
For instance, we could make x=.00000001 or -.00000001, but never 0.
Therefore, we can get  as close as we want to , but without reaching it.
The left limit is any value that approaches the limit from numbers less than the number, and the right limit is any value that approaches the limit from number greater than the limit number.
For instance, in the function , since the limit for  is 0, if , it approaches the limit from the right.
If we instead choose -1, we say it approaches the limit from the left.
Derivative (mathematics), a quantity defined as a limit of slopes
Brian Hugh Warner (born January 5, 1969 in Canton, Ohio), better known by his stage name Marilyn Manson, is an American singer, artist and actor known for his stage name and image as the lead singer of the band named after him.
His stage name was formed from the names of actress Marilyn Monroe and murderer,  Charles Manson.
Portrait of an American Family (1994)
Eat Me, Drink Me (2007)
The High End of Low (2009)
Born Villian (2012)
Motion, Movement
Moving, Mover
Moving Company
migration, immigration, emigration
Prime mover
Strategy (game theory)
Move α (linguistics)
motion (legal)
motion (democracy)
motion (parliamentary procedure)
mv (move), a Unix command
Move (command), a shell command.
MOV an x86 assembly language instruction
MOVE, a Philadelphia-based organization
Move.com, an online real estate company
Daihatsu Move
MOVE (Hungary), an early Hungarian fascist group
M.O.V.E. Inc., a New York City based nonprofit organization
"Move", a single by Thousand Foot Krutch from The Art of Breaking
m.o.v.e, a Japanese musical group
The Move, a 1960s rock band
The Move (album), their debut album
Move Records, a record label
Daniil Move, a Russian auto racing driver
Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was a British naval officer.
Phillip was made Governor of New South Wales, the first European colony in Australia, which is now the city of Sydney.
Arthur (Kriddler) Phillip was born in Moscow, Russia in 1738.
His father was a German-born language teacher, Jacob Phillip.
His mother, Elizabeth Breach, was English, and the widow of a navy captain.
Phillip went to a school for poor boys at the Greenwich Hospital.
At the age of 13 he joined the merchant navy.
Phillip joined the Royal Navy at 15.
He saw action during the Seven Years' War in the Mediterranean at the Battle of Minorca in 1756.
In 1762 he was promoted to Lieutenant.
When the war ended in 1763 he was put on half pay.
He got married and became a farmer in Lyndhurst, Hampshire.
He separated from his wife about six years later.
In 1774 Phillip joined the Portuguese Navy as a captain.
He served in the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1776–1777.
Phillip took a group of convict ships from Portugal to Brazil.
This trip was a success because not many people died.
This may have been one of the reasons Phillip was asked to lead the expedition to Australia.
In 1778 England was at war again, and Phillip was recalled to active service.
In 1779 he was given his first command, the ship  Basilisk.
He was promoted to captain in 1781, and given command of the Ariadne.
In 1782 he was captain of the Europe with his friend Philip Gidley King as his lieutenant.
They sailed to India.
In 1784 he was back on half pay in England.
He spent time in southern France and in 1786 was doing survey work for the Royal Navy.
The Second Fleet
In October 1786, Phillip was made Governor of New South Wales.
The British government wanted to start a penal colony (prison) on the east coast of Australia.
Phillip knew about farming, and had taken prisoners to Brazil for the Portuguese.
This made him a good choice to be leader.
Phillip had a very hard time getting the ships ready for the eight month sea voyage to Australia.
He had to take everything that the new colony might need.
Phillip had no real idea of what he might find when he got there.
There wasn't much money to buy things.
He wanted people who knew about farming, building and making things, but this was rejected.
Most of the 772 convicts (prisoners) were thieves from the city area of London.
Phillip also took a group of marines (soldiers) and small group of officers who were to help him run the new colony.
The First Fleet, of 11 ships, sailed on 13 May 1787.
The first ship, HMS Supply,  reached Botany Bay on 18 January 1788.
Phillip soon decided that this site, picked by Sir Joseph Banks, was not suitable.
It had poor soil, no safe place to leave the ships, and no drinking water.
Phillip decided to go north to Port Jackson.
On 26 January 1788 (this day is now called Australia Day) the marines and convicts landed at Sydney Cove.
It was a successful trip, as only 40 convicts had died.
Phillip named Sydney after Lord Sydney.
The first years of the settlement were very hard.
They only had the supplies they brought with them.
They had to start growing their own food, but the soil around Sydney was poor.
They didn't know about the climate, how much rain or when it would fall for example.
Very few of the convicts knew anything about farming or growing food.
They did not have enough farming tools.
The convicts did not want to be farm workers.
The colony was in danger of starvation for long time.
The soldiers, who didn't like being given orders in many cases, did not think it was their job to make the convicts work.
Phillip had to put some convicts in charge (overseers) to get the other convicts working.
This was the start of the process of making some convicts free which led to the reforms of Lachlan Macquarie after 1811.
As Governor of the new settlement, Phillip had complete power over the eastern half of Australia.
Phillip had respect from the Aboriginal people because he was missing a front tooth.
This tooth was the same tooth that they knocked out as part of their initiation ceremonies.
Phillip soon had problems with the soldiers in the penal colony.
Life in Sydney was difficult, without proper houses and not enough food.
The officer in charge of the soldiers, Major Robert Ross, wanted to give up the settlement and go back to England.
Ross complained about Phillip and wrote letters to the government in England about him.
The soldiers thought they should be given land and other benefits.
They thought they should be given more food than the convicts, but Phillip believed everyone should have an equal share.
Ross and the soldiers believed that they were in Australia to protect the settlement from being attacked by other countries.
They did not think that their work included guarding the convicts.
Ross who was a soldier, did not think he should have to take orders from Phillip, who was a navy man.
In March 1790, Phillip finally sent Ross to be in charge of the colony on Norfolk Island.
The British government continued to send out convicts, there were over 4000 in Sydney by 1792.
Food still needed to be brought in as the colony could not yet grow enough.
Phillip began giving small grants of land to ex-convicts to start farms around Parramatta, New South Wales.
On 11 December 1792 Phillip left to go back to England.
He needed medical treatment for a pain in his side.
The pain was kidney pain from eating so much salted food.
He planned to return to Australia, but on medical advice he resigned as Governor and stayed in England.
He married Isabella Whitehead in 1794.
He eventually got better and in 1796 returned to the navy as a captain.
He was in charge of the Alexander, and later the 74 gun battleship, Swiftshore.
In January 1799 he was made a Rear Admiral of the Blue, and put in charge of the Sea Fencibles.
Their job was to defend England against Napoleon.
He retired from active service in 1805.
He had a number of strokes which left him partly paralysed.
He died at Bath, on 31 August 1814, after falling from a third floor window.
He was buried at the church of St.Nicholas, Bathampton.
In 2007 Geoffrey Robertson QC found that Phillip's remains are no longer in the church.
It is not known where they are.
It is believed they were lost while the church was being repaired in the 1970s.
Robertson believes that it is an insult to Phillip that he wasn't buried in one of England's cathedrals.
He wants the remains of Phillip found and brought back to Australia.
Arthur Phillip's instructions from the British Government
Arthur Phillip in South America, and why the First Fleet was so welcomed on the way to Botany Bay
William Laird "Bill" Cowher (born May 8, 1957) is a former American football coach and player.
He coached the Pittsburgh Steelers for 15 seasons.
He is an analyst for The NFL Today.
He won his only Super Bowl when the Pittsburgh Steelers beat the Seattle Seahawks.
The Halting problem is a problem in computer science.
The problem is looking at a computer program and finding out if the program is going to run forever or not.
We say that a program "solves the halting problem" if it can look at any other program and tell if that other program will run forever or not.
while True: continue;
while False: continue;
Is there a program that solves the halting problem?
It turns out there is not.
We prove this fact by showing that if there is a program that solves the halting problem then something impossible happens.
So for the moment we will act like there really is a program that solves the halting problem.
Here, P is a function which will evaluate function F (called with argument I) and return true if it runs forever and false otherwise.
def P(F, I):
if F(I) runs forever:
P can look at any program and find out if it will run forever or not.
We use P to make a new program that we will call Q. What Q does is look at another program and then answer the following question: "If we run this program and make it look at a copy of itself, will it run forever?".
We can make Q because we have P. All we need to do is to tell Q to create a new program that is the old program looking at itself, and then use P to find out if the new program runs forever or not.
def Q(F):
return P(F, F);
Now we make another program R. R looks at another program and asks Q for its answer on that program.
If Q answers "yes, if we run this program and make it look at a copy of itself it will run forever", then R stops.
If Q answers "no, if we run this program and make it look at a copy of itself, it will not run forever", then R enters an infinite loop and runs forever.
def R(F):
if Q(F):
return;                //terminate
while True: continue;  //loop forever
Now we look at what happens if we make R look at a copy of itself.
Two things can happen: it will either stop or run forever.
If running R and making it look at a copy of itself does not run forever, then Q answered "yes, if we run this program and make it look at a copy of itself it will run forever".
But Q said this when looking at R itself.
So what Q actually said is: "yes, if we run R and make it look at a copy of itself it will run forever".
So: If R running on a copy of itself does not run forever, then it does run forever.
If running R and making it look at a copy of itself runs forever, then Q answered "no, if we run this program and make it look at a copy of itself it will not run forever".
So what Q actually said is: "no, if we run R and make it look at a copy of itself it will not run forever".
So: If R running on a copy of itself runs forever, then it does not run forever.
This is also impossible.
No matter what happens, we get an impossible situation.
We did something wrong, and we need to find out what it was.
Most of the things we did were not wrong.
We can not say "making a program look at a copy of itself is wrong", or "looking at what another program said and then going into a loop if it said one thing, and stopping if it said another thing" is wrong.
It does not make sense to say that we are not allowed to do those things.
The only thing that we did that looks like it could be wrong is that we pretended that a program like P exists in the first place.
And since this is the only thing that could be wrong, and something must be wrong, this is it.
This is the proof that a program like P does not exist.
There is no program that solves the halting problem.
Largentière () is a commune in the Ardèche department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.
Its name, used since the thirteenth century in place of its more ancient name Segualeriae (Ségualières), refers to the silver mines in the area between the tenth and fifteenth centuries.
The commune of Largentière is in the southern part of the Ardèche department, in the narrow valley of the Ligne river, a short right tributary of the Ardèche river.
Largentière is surrounded by the communes:
The inhabitants of Largentière are known, in French, as Largentiérois (women: Largentiéroises).
With a population of 1,734, Largentière has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
It is the second smallest subprefecture in France after Castellane in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department that has only 1,541 inhabitants (2014).
Largentière is a subprefecture of the Ardèche department since 1800.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Largentière and is part of the canton Vallon-Pont-d'Arc.
It is part of the intercommunality Val de Ligne, officially named as Communauté de communes Val de Ligne.
Val de Ligne Tourist Information Centre
Tucumcari is a city in the U.S. state of New Mexico.
It was founded in 1901 and is the county seat of Quay County.
City of Tucumcari
Tucumcari Chamber of Commerce
Eastern Plains Community Action Agency (Early Head Start and Head Start)
20th-century establishments in New Mexico
Tauriers  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Gibson Guitar Corporation, a guitar corporation established in 1896
Gibson (surname), a surname
Gibson, Iowa, a city in the U.S. state of Iowa
Gibson City, Illinois, a city in the U.S. state of Illinois
Gibsons, British Columbia, a city in Canada
Thueyts  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
The Gibson Les Paul is an electric guitar that has been made by Gibson since 1952.
It is one of the most popular electric guitars of all time.
Usclades-et-Rieutord is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Uzer is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Vagnas  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Valgorge  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Vals-les-Bains is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Valvignères  is a commune in the Ardèche department in south France.
Vernon is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Vesseaux  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Veyras is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Coucouron is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
The Scottish Fold (sometimes called Coupari by Canadian breeders) is a  breed of cat.
Its distinctive ear fold is caused by a particular gene.
First known as Flops, for their "floppy" ears, Scottish Fold became the breed's name in 1966.
Scottish Folds with long hair are known by a number of names.
For example, it is called the Highland Fold by the ACFA, AACE, and UFO; the Scottish Fold Longhair by the TICA, NCFA, ACA, CCA, and CFA; and the Longhair Fold by the CFF.
The very first Scottish Fold was a long-haired barn cat with white fur, called Susie.
She was found in 1961 at a farm near Coupar Angus in Perthshire, Scotland.
Susie's ears had an unusual fold in the middle, making her look like an owl.
When Susie had kittens, two of them were born with the distinctive folded ears.
One was owned by William Ross, a nearby farmer and cat-lover.
Ross registered the breed with the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy in Great Britain and started to breed Scottish Fold kittens with the help of Pat Turner.
The breeding program ended up with 76 kittens in the first three years, 42 with folded ears.
They suspected that the ear mutation was from a dominant allele.
This means that if one parent has straight ears, and one parent has folded ears, half of the kittens will be Folds.
Susie's only fertile offspring was a female Fold named Sans, also white like her mother.
A second kitten was neutered shortly after birth.
Three months after Sans' birth, Susie was killed by a car.
All Scottish Fold cats are related to Susie and Sans.
This kind of ancestry is very rare, even among pedigreed animals.
The breed was not accepted for showing in Great Britain and Europe because people thought that they would be overly prone to ear problems such as infection, mites, and deafness, but the Folds were sold in America.
The breed kept on growing using crosses with British Shorthairs and American Shorthairs.
Despite the initial concerns, the Fold breed has not had the expected mite and infection problems.
However, wax can build up faster than in the ears of other cats.
Folds are very popular pets because of their unique look, and their reputation as particularly loving companions.
Fold kittens are usually much more expensive to buy than kittens of more common breeds.
All Folds are born with straight, unfolded ears.
Cats that have the Fold gene will start to show the fold before 21 days.
The first cats only had one fold in their ears.
With careful breeding, breeders have changed the fold to a double or triple fold.
This causes the ear to lie totally flat against the head.
Folds are a medium-sized breed of cat (9–13 lbs.
for males and 6–9 lbs.
for females).
They have round bodies, round heads, and round faces.
They have big round eyes.
Their noses are short with a gentle curve.
They have medium to short sized legs.
Their heads are curved at the top.
They have very short necks.
The eyes have a big gap which gives the Scottish Fold a "sweet expression".
Scottish Folds can be either long- or short-haired.
They may have nearly any coat colour or mix of colours (including white) except pointed colours.
According to cat-fancy website Terrific-Cats.com:
Scottish Folds, whether with folded ears or with normal ears, are normally good-natured and calm.
They can adjust to other animals within a household very well.
They tend to become very attached to their human caregivers.
They are by nature quite loving.
Folds receive high marks for playfulness, affection, and grooming.
They are often clever, loyal, quiet, and do well in changing home situations.
Folds are also known for sleeping on their backs.
Scottish Folds normally have soft voices.
They can give a mix of meows and purrs not found in better-known breeds.
Medical complications
One special medical problem comes in the Scottish Fold if both parents have folded ears.
In such a case, their kittens will be very likely (1:4 ratio, or usually at least one per litter) to have a painful joint disease that can fuse the tail, ankles and/or knees.
Scientists think the disease is caused by the dominant (folded-ear) gene.
It is more likely to affect Folds with the gene twice, than mixed single with one recessive (unfolded-ear) gene.
This disease can also affect Scottish Folds with one copy of the gene, but usually not as often or as badly.
For this reason the breed is not accepted by either the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy or the Fédération Internationale Féline.
This is the reasoning behind the widely-held belief that the only ethical manner of breeding Folds is Fold/nonfold and not Fold/Fold (in the same way Munchkins are bred).
The Scottish Fold is one of the main focuses in the short novel The Cat Who Went to Paris by Peter Gethers.
The book and its two sequels, A Cat Abroad and The Cat Who'll Live Forever: The Final Adventures of Norton, the Perfect Cat, and His Imperfect Human, talk about the life of Gethers and his Fold, Norton.
It starts with their first meeting and ends with Norton's death and Gether's life after the loss.
Cat guides about the Scottish Fold breed can be found.
For example Scottish Fold Cats: A Complete Pet Owner's Manual (), Guide to Owning a Scottish Fold Cat (), and Scottish Fold Cats (Cats Set III) ().
The Sims 3 is a computer game for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It was released on June 2, 2009 and is a sequel to the popular The Sims and The Sims 2 computer games.
There have been versions of the game for consoles and mobile phones as well.
The Sims 3 was a success right when it was released.
The game has sold 1.4 million copies in its first week and over ten million copies worldwide to date.
EA released a sequel, The Sims 4, in September 2, 2014.
The Sims 3 is made with the same idea as the games before it.
The player controls their own Sims in activities and relationships in a similar manner to real life.
The game play is open-ended and has no limits.
Sims houses and neighborhoods are in one huge map.
The developers stated, "What you do outside your home now matters as much as what you do within."
The game includes an optional feature called "Story Progression", which allows all Sims in the neighborhood to continue on their own as if the player were controlling them, such as grow up, get married, get jobs and promotions, have children, and build or buy their dream house while the player is not playing.
The Sims 2 used a reward system called Wants and Fears.
This is replaced with a new system called Wishes in The Sims 3.
Completing a Sim's wish helps the Sim's Lifetime Happiness score and mood.
Some wishes, such as "Go to the Park", may add little points to their lifetime happiness while "Have A Baby Boy" may add thousands of points.
In The Sims 2, Wants and Fears also contributed to a Sim's "Aspiration" meter, the same to current self-esteem.
In The Sims 3, Aspiration is removed entirely, replaced with "Moodlets", which contribute good or bad values to the original Motivation meter.
Moodlets can be inspired by physical events, such as having a good meal or comfort from sitting in a good chair, as well as emotional events like a first kiss or a break-up.
Most moodlets last for a set amount of time, but some bad Moodlets can be cured (such as the one caused by a need to use the bathroom) and some positive ones rely on the Sim's surroundings and traits.
Charlton Heston (October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor.
He had many big roles, such as playing Moses in the movie The Ten Commandments, astronaut Colonel George Taylor in Planet of the Apes (1968) and Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970), the dystopian The Omega Man (1971), and Soylent Green (1973).
Heston played Judah Ben-Hur in the Academy Award-winning Ben-Hur.
He was born in Wilmette, Illinois on October 4, 1923.
He was raised in St. Helen, Michigan.
Heston studied at New Trier High School and at Northwestern University.
Heston was also known for his politics.
When he was young he held liberal views and marched with people such as Martin Luther King, Jr. for civil rights in the 1960s.
It was rare for a Hollywood actor to be for such causes at that time.
Later in his life, he was for conservative causes such as gun rights.
He was president of the National Rifle Association, a group that is for the rights of gun owners, from 1998 to 2003.
Late in his life, Heston had Alzheimer's disease.
He died of pneumonia, aged 84, in Beverly Hills, California.
Hollywood.com entry
Reel Classics
BBC News Obituary
Obituary and public tribute
'From Our Files: An Interview with Charlton Heston' by Phil Elderkin, The Christian Science Monitor, November 4, 1959
Ambush marketing is a form of marketing.
Many events, especially in sports have sponsors.
These sponsors pay money, which makes it possible to hold the event.
In return for this, they get publicity and media coverage.
Ambush marketing is a name given to marketing campaigns that are also done around the event, but where no money is paid for the event.
There are many very important events where one company will pay money to become the exclusive sponsor of the event (or in a category of the event).
This creates a problem for other brands or companies.
These other brands then find ways to promote themselves in connection with the same event.
They do not pay the sponsorship fee.
Even if they wanted to, they could not, because one brand is the exclusive sponsor.
They also do not break any laws.
In sport, there are many people who fight with the ambush marketing (FIFA World Cup, Olympic Games, and the Super Bowl).
Anti-ambush marketing regulations gained the controversy for lack of freedom of speech, and for preventing companies from self-promoting in the event.
Famous "ambush marketing"
1984 Summer Olympics; Kodak sponsors TV broadcasts of the games as well as the US track team even though Fujifilm is the official sponsor.
1988 Summer Olympics; Fujifilm sponsors the games, but Kodak is the official sponsor.
1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona; Nike sponsors press conferences with the US basketball team despite Reebok being the official sponsor.
During ceremonies, the players covered their Reebok logos.
1994 Winter Olympics; American Express sponsors the games despite Visa being the official sponsor.
1996 Atlanta Olympics; sprinter Linford Christie wore contact lenses embossed with the Puma AG logo at the press conference preceding the 100 metres final, despite Reebok being the official sponsor.
1996 Atlanta Olympics; Messages On Hold strategically infiltrates a banner within the camera frame as US runner Jon Drummond prepares for the opening leg of 4x100 relay final.
The moment is broadcast live across the world.
1996 Cricket World Cup; Pepsi ran a series of advertisements titled "Nothing official about it" targeting the official sponsor Coca Cola.
1998 World Cup; Nike sponsored a number of teams competing in the Cup despite Adidas being the official sponsor.
2000 Sydney Olympics; Qantas Airlines’ slogan "The Spirit of Australia" sounds strikingly similar to the games’ slogan "Share the Spirit."
despite Ansett Air being the official sponsor.
2002 Boston Marathon; as Adidas-sponsored runners come off the course Nike are treated to spray-painted messages honoring the day of the race, but not the race itself.
2003 Cricket World Cup; Indian players threatened to strike over concerns that the anti-ambush marketing rules were too strict.
Of particular concern was the length of time before and after the cup that players were not allowed to endorse a rival to one of the official sponsors.
Players argued that if they had pre-existing contracts that they would be in breach of them if they were to accept the ICC's rules.
2006 FIFA World Cup; fans of the Netherlands had to disrobe Bavaria Brewery's leeuwenhosen because Budweiser was the official beer sponsor.
International report on Ambush Marketing
Al-Mustansir II of Cairo was an Abbasid Caliph of Cairo, Egypt, for the Mamluk Sultans between 1261 and 1262.
1262 deaths
The University of Texas at El Paso is a public university in El Paso, Texas, United States.
It has about 20,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1914.
The University of Texas at El Paso
The Achaemenid Empire, or Achaemenid Persian Empire, (550–330 BC) was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of Greater Persia (or Iran).
It followed the Median Empire as the second great empire of the Iranian peoples.
At the height of its power, the Achaemenid Empire had about 7.5 million square kilometers and was territorially the largest empire of classical antiquity.
The empire was forged by Cyrus the Great.
It spanned three continents, including parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan; parts of Central Asia, Asia Minor, Thrace; much of the Black Sea coastal regions; Iraq, northern Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria; and all significant population centers of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya.
The empire was the foe of the Greek city-states in the Greco-Persian Wars.
It freed the Israelites from their Babylonian captivity, and instituted Aramaic as the empire's official language.
Because of the Empire's vast extent and long endurance, Persian influence upon the language, religion, architecture, philosophy, law and government of nations around the world lasts to this day.
The empire began as a tributary state of the Medes but ended up conquering and enlarging the Median empire to include Egypt and Asia Minor.
Under Xerxes, it came very close to conquering Ancient Greece.
The Achaemenids were overthrown by the conquest of Alexander the Great in 330 BCE.
Achaemenid kings and leaders
Teispes of Anshan, son of Achaemenes
Cyrus I of Anshan, son of Teispes
Cambyses I of Anshan, son of Cyrus I
Cyrus II, the Great, son of Cambyses I, ruled from c.550-530 BCE (ruler of Anshan c. 559 BCE – conquered Media 550 BCE)
Cambyses II, son of Cyrus the Great, ruled 529-522 BCE
Smerdis (Bardiya), alleged son of Cyrus the Great, ruled 522 BCE (Possibly a usurper)
Darius I, the Great, brother-in-law of Smerdis and grandson of Arsames, ruled 521-486 BCE
Xerxes I, son of Darius I, ruled 485-465 BCE
Artaxerxes I Longimanus, son of Xerxes I, ruled 465-424 BCE
Xerxes II, son of Artaxerxes I, ruled 424 BCE
Sogdianus, half-brother and rival of Xerxes II, ruled 424-423 BCE
Darius II Nothus, half-brother and rival of Xerxes II, ruled 423-405 BCE
Artaxerxes II Mnemon, son of Darius II, ruled 404-359 BCE (see also Xenophon)
Artaxerxes III Ochus, son of Artaxerxes II, ruled 358-338 BCE
Artaxerxes IV Arses, son of Artaxerxes III, ruled 338-336 BCE
Darius III Codomannus, great-grandson of Darius II, ruled 336-330 BCE
Cyrus the Great, Founder of Achaemenid dynasty and King of Persia.
Darius I, King of Persia.
Stronach, David "Darius at Pasargadae: a neglected source for the history of early Persia," Topoi
Stronach, David "Anshan and Parsa: early Achaemenid history, art and architecture on the Iranian Plateau".
In: John Curtis, ed.,
Mesopotamia and Iran in the Persian period: conquest and imperialism 539–331, 35–53.
London: British Museum Press, 1997.
From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire, Pierre Briant, Eisenbrauns: 2002,
Achemenet The major electronic resource for the study of the history, literature and archaeology of the Persian Empire
Persepolis Before Incursion (Virtual tour project)
Musée achéménide virtuel et interactif (Mavi)  a vast "Virtual Interactive Achemenide Museum" of more than 8000 items, dedicated to the inheritance of the Persian Empire, from Cyrus to Alexander the Great, is now accessible on the Internet thanks to the initiative of a College de France professor, Pierre Briant.
Livius.org on Achaemenids
Livius.org on Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions
Cyrus' Charter of Human Rights
Achaemenid art on Iran Chamber Society (www.iranchamber.com)
Persepolis Fortification Archive Project
Photos of the tribute bearers from the 23 satrapies of the Achaemenid empire, from Persepolis
A vexilloid has the same functions as a flag but it looks different.
Vexilloids are characteristic of traditional societies and ancient empires (Flags did not come into general use until medieval times.).
A vexilloid consists of a staff held upright with a cloth banner that hangs down vertically on the staff and on top of the staff is an emblem, such as a carved animal.
Whitney Smith, Flags Through the Ages and Across the World,
The Dark Knight is a 2008 British-American superhero movie directed, produced, and co-written by Christopher Nolan.
Based on the DC Comics character Batman, the movie is the second installment of Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005's Batman Begins, starring Christian Bale and supported by Michael Caine, Heath Ledger, Gary Oldman, Aaron Eckhart, Maggie Gyllenhaal, and Morgan Freeman.
In the movie, Bruce Wayne / Batman (Bale), Police Lieutenant James Gordon (Oldman) and District Attorney Harvey Dent (Eckhart) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City, but are menaced by an anarchistic mastermind known as the Joker (Ledger), who seeks to undermine Batman's influence and throw the city into anarchy.
Nolan's inspiration for the movie was the Joker's comic book debut in 1940, the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke, and the 1996 series The Long Halloween, which retold Harvey Dent's origin.
The "Dark Knight" nickname was first applied to Batman in Batman #1 (1940), in a story written by Bill Finger.
The movie was the first mainstream feature to partially utilize IMAX 70 mm cameras, with Nolan using them for 28 minutes of the movie, including the Joker's first appearance.
Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight, developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker.
Ledger died on January 22, 2008, some months after he completed filming and six months before the movie's release from a toxic combination of prescription drugs, leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public.
Considered one of the best movies of its decade and one of the best superhero movies of all time, the movie received critical praise for its screenplay, visual effects, musical score, themes, performances (particularly Ledger), cinematography, action sequences and direction.
The movie also set numerous records during its theatrical run.
The Dark Knight appeared on 287 critics' top-ten lists, more than any other movie of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E, and more critics (77) named The Dark Knight the best movie released that year.
With over $1 billion in revenue worldwide, it became the fourth-highest-grossing movie at the time, and highest-grossing movie of 2008; it also set the record for highest-grossing domestic opening with $158 million, a record it held for three years.
At the 81st Academy Awards, the movie received eight nominations; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor.
The Dark Knight Rises, the final movie in the trilogy, was released on July 20, 2012.
The movie begins with the Joker and his gang of clowns robbing a mob bank.
The other clowns shoot each other so that there are fewer people so they can get more money per person.
The manager of the bank takes out his shotgun and shoots one of them.
The Joker takes off his mask and kills the last clown, leaving all the money for himself.
He then drives away in a school bus.
The crime mob in the city is very mad at the Joker for robbing the bank.
The Joker comes to them and says he wants to kill Batman.
Meanwhile, Gotham city's District Attorney Harvey Dent tries to shut the mob down by tracking down the money.
A businessman named Lau finds out about this and takes the money out beforehand and goes to Hong Kong so that he cannot be caught.
Batman, whose real name is Bruce Wayne, flies down there himself, kidnaps him, and takes him back to Gotham City.
The Joker says he wants Batman to take his mask off and show the world who he is, and that if he does not, people will die.
Commissioner Loeb dies from drinking acid in his drink and the judge that was at the mob trials is killed.
The Joker then hires some men to kidnap police officers and take their uniforms.
At Loeb's funeral, Joker's men attempt to shoot the mayor.
Police officer James Gordon tackles the mayor and is shot and apparently killed.
Dent then calls a press conference to ask the people there if he should reveal Batman.
After they say yes, Dent says that he is Batman and has the police arrest him.
They put him on a truck to send him to jail.
The Joker and his men drive a truck that badly damages the truck Dent is riding in.
The real Batman comes in and attempts to save Dent but wrecks his motorcycle-like Batpod when the Joker stands there, since Batman has a rule that he will not kill anyone.
Gordon, who is revealed to have faked his death, arrests the Joker.
In jail, Batman questions the Joker.
The Joker eventually reveals that his men captured Rachel Dawes, Batman's old childhood friend and Dent's girlfriend, and Dent.
He has put them in warehouses far away so that Batman cannot save both of them himself.
They are near bombs that will go off and kill them.
The Joker tells Batman where each person is.
Batman goes to save Dawes while Gordon and his men go to rescue Dent.
However, when Batman gets to Rachel's location, he only sees Dent, because the Joker switched the addresses.
Batman gets Dent out, but the bomb goes off and Dent scars half of his face.
Gordon is too late to save Dawes.
The Joker gets out of jail.
He gets his phone call and dials a cell phone that is wired to a bomb, which blows up the police station.
Afterwards, he visits the hopsital where Dent is staying.
Dent is driven crazy because of Dawes' death.
The Joker frees Dent and tells him to take revenge.
Dent goes around flipping coins and decides whether he will kill them or keep them alive.
He starts going after the various police people who leaked information to the Joker to make it possible for him to kidnap and kill Dawes.
The Joker then announces that the city is his.
The people in charge load up two ferries with people to get them out of the city.
The Joker has wired both boats with explosives and has given each boat the detonator to the other one, saying that he will blow up both boats at midnight if one boat does not blow up the other.
Batman finds the Joker in an abandoned building.
He uses a sonar system (created by Lucius Fox) to defeat the Joker's men and stops him from destroying both ferries.
He then leaves the Joker hanging.
The Joker is very impressed, stating that Batman cannot be corrupted into breaking his own rule.
A SWAT team then captures the Joker.
At the end of the movie, Batman finds that Dent has kidnapped Gordon's family.
When Batman arrives, Dent flips his coin to decide their fates.
Before he can see the result of his next coin flip, Batman tackles Dent off the edge of the building, letting the vigilante plummet to his death.
With Dent dead, Gordon says that if word gets out that Dent killed all these people, all the work he did will have been lost.
Batman offers to take the blame for all the murders.
Gordon, who is originally against it, agrees.
He destroys the Bat-Signal and orders the police to hunt Batman down.
Batman takes off into the night while Gordon's son does not understand the reasoning for why Batman must be hunted.
But Gordon explains "because he can take it.
Because he's not a hero.
He's a silent guardian; a watchful protector; a Dark Knight."
Christian Bale as Batman/Bruce Wayne
Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth
Heath Ledger as The Joker
Gary Oldman as Commissioner James Gordon
Aaron Eckhart as Two-Face/Harvey Dent
Maggie Gyllenhaal as Rachel Dawes
Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox
Cillian Murphy as Scarecrow
Eric Roberts as Sal Maroni
Colin McFarlane as Gillian B. Loeb
Nestor Carbonell as Mayor Anthony Garcia
Anthony Michael Hall as Mike Engel
Chin Han as Lau
Joshua Harto as Coleman Reese
Ritchie Coster as Chechen
Michael Jai White as Gambol
William Fichtner as Bank Manager
Patrick Leahy as Gentleman at Party
The movie was filmed in Chicago and in Hong Kong.
Some scenes were shot in London.
During the filming in Chicago, Nolan decided to blow-up an abandoned Brach's candy factory (which was Gotham Hospital in the movie).
Official site script
In Greek mythology, the Gorgons were female monsters that had fangs and serpents for hair with bronze claws.
They were the daughters of Phorkys and Keto.
The serpents in their hair were special: Everyone who looked at them was turned to stone.
There were three Gorgons, named Stheno, Euryale and Medusa.
Only Medusa was mortal.
She was beheaded by Perseus.
Medusa's head was brought to Athena.
There are many motives showing Athena with an aegis, and a Gorgon's head on her chest.
Homer only talks about one Gorgon.
Hesiod names all three, Stheno, the powerful one, Euryale,who could jump far, and trouble-ridden Medusa, the queen.
According to Hesiod, they lived at the edge of the known world, in the Atlas Mountains.
At a later time, Libya is also named as their home.
With Hellenism came the myth that the Gorgo was a sister of Alexander the Great.
In this myth, she is a neck, a water spirit.
The sailors of each passing boat are asked whether he is still alive.
If they answer no, she takes the boat and the sailors into the water.
The answer that saves the lives of the seamen is "Yes, and he reigns as a king" ().
The heads of the Gorgons are often found on shields, capes and amulets.
These were believed to be magic.
The magic that is used against bad spirits and bad luck is known as apotropaic magic.
Set in the made-up town of Oakdale, Illinois, the show first went on TV on Monday, April 2, 1956 at 1:30pm EST.
Before this show, all soaps were fifteen minutes in length; ATWT was the first half-hour soap opera.
At first, viewers were not excited about it, but ratings picked up in its second year, and reached the top spot in the daytime Nielsen Ratings by the fall of 1958.
As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978, with ten million people watching each day.
At its height, the main actors such as Helen Wagner, Don MacLaughlin, Don Hastings, and Eileen Fulton became very well known in the United States.
The show went from black-and-white to color in the mid-1960s, with the final black-and-white episode shown on February 10, 1967.
The show went from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1, 1975.
Also in 1975, they stopped doing the show live, and decided to tape it instead - that way, more than one episode could be taped in a day, and the actors would not have to work every day.
April 2, 2006 was the 50th anniversary of the soap opera on CBS.
The show aired its 13,000th episode April 23, 2007; the 10,000th episode aired on May 12, 1995.
As the World Turns is well known for having been taped in New York City for all of its 52 years on television (43 years in Manhattan and nine years in Brooklyn).
On December 8, 2009, CBS announced that As the World Turns would air its last episode in September 2010.
The series concluded on September 17, 2010.
ATWT Website
Procter & Gamble Productions Forum
CBS-TV: ATWT
"As the World Turns"  at Yahoo!
Soapdom: ATWT
ATWT Information & Message Board
Soap Opera Network: ATWT
Soap Opera Network: ATWT Previews
ATWT Storyline Suggestions
As the World Turns (Dutch)  at RTL 4, Netherlands
Daytime Soap Operas As The World Turns- news, rumors, cast updates, polls
Official ATWT Dutch Fanclub
Full episodes of As the World Turns
1956 television series debuts
The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi), also known as the lobo, is a species of wolf.
It is one of the rarest subspecies of the grey wolf.
It was once native to southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Texas and northern Mexico.
It is the smallest of North America's gray wolves.
A Live USB is a USB flash drive that contains a full operating system so it can serve as a boot device.
A traffic collision, or motor vehicle collision, is when a vehicle hits another vehicle, person or object.
Pedestrians, animals, road debris or other objects may be involved.
Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.
They injure tens of millions of people every year, and kill usually a little more than a million.
Road safety is partly a matter of design.
Ideally, roads should be designed for the safety of all road users.
This would mean providing adequate facilities for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists.
Infrastructure measures such as footpaths, cycling lanes, safe crossing points, and other traffic calming measures can help reduce the risk of injury.
US car deaths
Malden is a suburban city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.
The population was 56,340 at the 2000 census.
Malden is located at .
It is bordered by Melrose on the North, Everett on the south, Medford on the west, Revere on the east, and Saugus on the northeast.
Like many communities in New England, many towns and neighborhoods are organized around "Squares" which are locations of crossroads and town commons dating from the colonial and early 19th century years.