the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
ISO/IEC 15408 refer also to Common Criteria
ISO/IEC 17799:2005 Code of practice for information security management
Financial instrument, a security (finance)
Juridical security, also called legal security  ,  ,  ,  ,  .
Physical security
Security of person, a human right guaranteed by the United Nations in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Security (convergence)
Security, a 1982 studio album by Peter Gabriel
Town in Colorado, see Security-Widefield, Colorado
Pura, Tarlac, a municipality in the province of Tarlac, Philippines
Pura, Switzerland, an Italian-speaking municipality in the canton of Ticino
Pura, Gedrosia, an ancient city in southwestern Pakistan
Pura Foods Ltd, a British manufacturer of edible oils now owned by ADM
Pura is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Homepage Pura Official website
532 Herculina (herr'-kew-lye'-nə, ) is a very big asteroid, with a diameter of around 225 km.
It was found on April 20th, 1904, by Max Wolf in Heidelberg, and initially catalogued as 1904 NY.
Where its name came from is not known; it may be named after the mythical Hercules, or after an unknown woman of that name.
Most of the asteroids found by Wolf around this date were named for characters in operas, but if this name was also drawn from such a source, no explanation has been recorded.
It has often been noted for its complex lightcurves, which made finding its shape and rotation somewhat hard.
A set of 1982 speckle inferometry observations led to a simple preliminary model of Herculina as a three-axis object, perhaps 260 by 220 by 215 km.
1985 analysis of this data concluded there was a nonspherical shape with one bright spot, whilst a 1987 photometric astrometry study concluded the object was spherical with two dark spots (and rotated around a completely different pole), which was in turn negated by a 1988 thermal study which showed the object could not be spherical.
By the late 1980s, the generally accepted model was a three-axis object with major albedo or topographical features.
Recent (2002) modelling of photometric data shows that Herculina is not spherical, but a blocky shape not unlike a battered cuboid - or, as the analysis described it, it "resembles a toaster".
This analysis indicates the presence of many big craters, similar to 253 Mathilde, but no major changes in albedo.
The approximate ratios of the axes were suggested as 1:1.1:1.3, broadly consistent with earlier models if a bit more stretched.
Following anomalous sightings during an occultation of the star SAO 1220774 in 1978, Herculina became the first asteroid to be "confirmed" to have an asteroid moon, with the parent asteroid estimated at a 216 km diameter and a moon of about 45 km orbiting at a distance of around 1,000 km.
However, careful studying in 1993, using the Hubble Space Telescope, could not locate a moon.
Duroplast was first used in the body of the IFA F8 and later also the AWZ P70 or Zwickau P70 and later used in the body of the Trabant.
Apart from the use in cars duroplast was also used to make suitcases.
Duroplast is light, flexible, and strong.
It was also made of recycled material, cotton waste from Russia and phenol resins from the East German dye industry making the Trabant the first car with a body made of recycled material .
Because it can be made in a press similar to shaping steel, it's easy to produce.
Duroplast cannot be completely recycled, and burning it produces toxic fumes, so disposing of the bodies of old Trabants is a problem.
There are stories of pigs, sheep or other domestic farm animals consuming duroplast.
ja:合成樹脂#熱硬化性樹脂
Will & Grace is an Emmy winning American television sitcom.
The show is set in New York City.
It features four best friends, Will Truman (Eric McCormack), Grace Adler (Debra Messing), Jack McFarland (Sean Hayes) and Karen Walker (Megan Mullally).
It was first aired in series beginning 1998 and series finale aired in 2006.
It ran for 8 seasons for a total of 194 episodes.
Eric McCormack as Will Truman
Debra Messing as Grace Adler
Sean Hayes as Jack McFarland
Megan Mullally as Karen Walker
American LGBT television programs
LGBT comedy television series
is a Japanese manga writer and artist.
After not passing the test to go to Tokyo University, Akamatsu choose to be an illustrator.
He became well known as an illustrator at "Comiket".
Comiket is the largest comic convention in Japan.
Akamatsu has created the illustred works A Kid's Game for One Summer, A.I. Love You and Always my Santa.
In October 1998, his most famous work, Love Hina began being shown in Weekly Shonen Magazine.
The series has been made into a book form that has sold over 6 million copies in Japan.
Akamatsu received the Kodansha Manga Award for shōnen in 2001 for this series.
After finishing Love Hina in 2001, Akamatsu began to illustrate another manga, Negima!:
Magister Negi Magi.
Both Negima!
and Love Hina have been made into anime series.
Altogether there are about 25 episodes, and 14 volumes of Love Hina.
William "Will" Truman is a character in Will & Grace.
He is a lawyer and is gay.
He was played by Eric McCormack.
Will lived in the hotel with his Jewish friend.
Grace Adler lived next door with Jack McFarland.
Fictional gay males
Will & Grace characters
nl:Will & Grace#Will(iam) Truman
Grace Elizabeth Adler is a character from Will & Grace played by Debra Messing.
She was married with doctor, Dr. Leo Markus and lived with Will and friends with Jack and Karen.
Karen Delaney St. Croix Popeil Finster Walker or Karen Delaney was a character on the NBC television series Will & Grace.
She was played by Megan Mullally.
Karen was a friend with gay actor and dancer, Jack McFarland.
She was in a relationship with Stanley Walker but ended it and married Beverley.
Karen appears with Megan Mullally in The Megan Mullally Show.
Jack McFarland is a character from the television show Will & Grace.
He is a camp, openly gay man.
The character was played by Sean Hayes.
A Pacific hurricane is a tropical cyclone that forms in the northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean.
For organizational purposes, the Pacific Ocean is divided into three parts: the eastern (North America to 140°W), central (140°W to the International Date Line), and western (west of the Date Line).
A Pacific hurricane, then, is a tropical cyclone in the northern Pacific Ocean east of the Date Line.
Tropical cyclones that form in the western north Pacific are called typhoons.
This separation between the two basins is convenient, however, as tropical cyclones rarely form in the central north Pacific and few ever cross the dateline.
Plain English Campaign Limited (PEC) is a commercial editing and training firm based in the United Kingdom.
It was started in 1979 by Chrissie Maher.
The company advocates for the use of simple ("plain") English.
It tries to persuade organisations in the UK and abroad to communicate with the public simply.
In 1990, Plain English Campaign created the Crystal Mark, its "seal of approval."
This is a symbol printed on documents which the Plain English campaign thinks are very easy to understand.
According to the Plain English Campaign, the symbol appears on over 20,000 documents worldwide.
The Plain English Campaign also gives out an annual "Foot in Mouth Award" for "a baffling comment by a public figure."
The name of this award comes from a humorous English idiom.
If a person has their "foot in their mouth," that means they are speaking badly and not paying attention to what they are saying.
The plain English Campaign also gives out a "Golden Bull Award" for "the worst examples of written tripe".
The name of this award also comes from a common English idiom. "
Bull" is short for "bullshit," which literally means the excrement of a bull, but is often used to mean stupid, dishonest or unbelievable speech or writing.
The word "tripe," similar to "bullshit," has both a literal and a figurative meaning.
Literally, it means a food made from an animal's stomach lining.
As it is used here, "tripe" means something very close to "bullshit."
In other words, the Plain English Campaign's "Foot in Mouth Award" is given to someone famous who speaks stupidly.
The "Golden Bull Award" is given to someone famous who writes stupidly.
Both awards are sarcastic.
They are different from normal awards because they criticise, rather than honor, the people they are given to.
Famous winners of the Foot in Mouth Award include George W. Bush and Donald Rumsfeld.
Plain English Campaign has worked for many organisations.
Many UK forms and bills carry the Crystal Mark, including the British passport application form.
Plain English Campaign is often described in the media as a "pressure group."
It regularly makes public comments about language-related news stories and about jargon.
For example, in 2006 its supporters voted Bill Shankly the author of the greatest football quotation of all time.
Plain English Campaign did a survey in 2004 and announced that ‘At the end of the day’ was considered the most irritating cliché.
Chrissie Maher, who created Plain English Campaign, was awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1994 for her services to plain communication.
Famous supporters of PEC include Margaret Thatcher and broadcaster John Humphrys.
Kilakarai (aka Keelakarai, Tamil - கீழக்கரை) is a panchayat town in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Bart Simpson is a fictional character in The Simpsons.
At the age of 10, he is the oldest child of three children to Marge and Homer Simpson.
He is the brother of Lisa and Maggie.
Bart is someone who does not like school.
At the time when the Simpsons was launched T-shirts were released that had a picture of Bart saying "Underachiever.
And proud of it".
Nancy Cartwright is the voice of Bart.
Bart had a 10 year old love interest named Niki/Nikki.
He's a skateboarder.
Bart goes to Springfield School along with his 8-year-old sister Lisa.
Bart often gets grade Fs in school, whereas Lisa gets A grades.
At Springfield Elementary, Bart's best friend is Milhouse Van Houten.
Bart has received detention multiple times, and during the start of the show he is seen writing things repeatedly on a blackboard as a form of punishment.
He is a good pranker.
The character of Bart is an anagram of brat.
Matt Groening was going to name the character Matt, but he realized that would be a giveaway, so he decided to name him Bart.
Vajrayana is a school of Buddhism first practiced in India.
It is sometimes called esoteric Buddhism.
From India it spread to Tibet, Mongolia and Bhutan.
Since the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China in 1959, the Tibetan form of Vajrayana has spread to many Western countries and has gained great popularity.
Vajrayana is a third and separate major school of Buddhism, the other two being Theravada and Mahayana.
Vajrayana Buddhism comes from Mahayana Buddhism.
Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism has its own texts in the Tibetan and Sanskrit languages.
It also contains the older Mahayana texts in Sanskrit and Theravada texts in the Pali language.
Vajrayana is sometimes known as Tantric Buddhism in the west.
Tantric practice is one kind of Vajrayana Buddhism, but there are also other forms.
Features of Vajrayana
The use of mantras, a form of chanting
Strong focus on the guru, or teacher
The importance of meditation, including concentration techniques such as the visualization of bodhisattvas.
Tibetan Vajrayana
There are four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism: Nyingma, Sakya, Kagyu, and Geluk.
All four schools identify themselves as belonging to the Mahayana or "Great Vehicle" tradition, which is the most popular form of Buddhism in China, Korea and Japan.
Levels of practice
In the ancient or Nyingma school, the teachings are divided into six levels:
Outer Tantras
Kriyayoga
Charyayoga
Yogatantra
Inner Tantras (Anuttarayogatantra)
Mahayoga
Anuyoga
Atiyoga (also known as Dzogchen)
The new schools (Sakya, Kagyu, and Geluk) divide the teachings into only four levels.
The first three are the same as in the Nyingma school.
The last level is simply called Anuttarayogatantra ("Highest Yoga Tantra").
These Highest Yoga Tantras are divided into "mother", "father" and "non-dual" tantras.
The new schools use a practice called Mahamudra in place of Dzogchen.
The Berzin archive, Archive on texts and teachings of Vajrayana, Tibetan Buddhism, Islam and Bon
Himalayan Art Resources, an online educational resource with over 30,000 images of Vajrayana art and ritual implements
Bay Area Rapid Transit a transportation organization for the San Francisco Bay Area
Berkshire Arts & Technology Charter Public School (BArT), located in Adams, Massachusetts
Alpha (uppercase/lowercase Α α), is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, used to stand for the "a" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 1.
Letters that came from it are the Roman A and Cyrillic А.
Alpha is often used in physics and chemistry as a symbol or in the names of things, for example alpha particles (which are two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle the same as a helium nucleus).
The symbol is also used a lot in mathematics in algebra, for example in naming angles, and in statistics, to represent statistical significance level.
Beta (uppercase/lowercase Β β), is a letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "b" sound in Ancient Greek and "v" in Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 2.
Letters that came from it include the Roman B and Cyrillic Б.
The sounds [b] and [v] resemble each other a lot.
In Ancient Greek the "b" sound became "v" around 200 BC.
Therefore, the letter B means the "v" sound in the Cyrillic alphabet, and a new letter, Б, was made for [b].
The letter beta is also used in finance, science and mathematics.
the beta function is named after the capital letter Β, and the probability of type II error in statistics is written with the lowercase β.
Gamma (uppercase/lowercase Γ γ), is the third letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "g" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 3.
Letters that came from it include the Roman C and Cyrillic Г.
In physics, gamma rays (γ-rays) are a kind of radiation that result from nuclear decay.
In the physics and engineering, gamma is used to represent many different things, depending on the subject.
Epsilon (uppercase/lowercase Ε ε), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "e" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 5.
Letters that came from it include the Roman E and Cyrillic Е. It is also used in calculus to represent a very small number (particularly in proofs involving limit).
In set theory, a typographical variant of epsilon can be used to represent the statement "a is a member of set A" (symbolically ).
(A little fact: The Ypsilon is the only letter of the alphabet that you can divide into syllables: Y-psi-lon)
Limit of a sequence, where epsilon is used
Digamma or Wau (uppercase/lowercase Ϝ ϝ ς) was an old letter of the Greek alphabet.
It was used before the alphabet converted its classical standard form.
It looked like a Latin "F", but it was pronounced like "w".
In the 5th century BC, people stopped using it because they could no longer pronounce the sound "w" in Greek.
However, they kept it as a sign for the number "6" in the system of Greek numerals.
It was originally called "Wau" because of its sound.
Later, when the sound was lost, it was called "Digamma", which means "double Gamma", because it looks like a Gamma (Γ) with two hooks.
The Latin letter F was also taken over from Wau.
In mathematics, the name "digamma" is used in digamma function, which is the derivative of the logarithm of gamma function (that is, ).
Perseus Project: lexicon search for words starting with or containing digamma
Stigma (uppercase/lowercase Ϛ ϛ), is a sign that was used in the Greek alphabet for the combination of the two letters Sigma (σ) and Tau (τ).
It is also used as a symbol for the number 6 in the system of Greek numerals.
Zeta (uppercase/lowercase Ζ ζ), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "z" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 7.
Letters that came from it include the Roman Z and Cyrillic З.
Eta (uppercase/lowercase Η η) is a letter of the Greek alphabet.
In very early Greek writing it stood for the consonant sound "h", but in Classical Greek it stood for a long vowel "e".
In Modern Greek, it is pronounced as "i".
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 8.
Letters that came from it include the Roman H and Cyrillic И.
In mathematics, the lowercase η is used to represent Dirichlet eta function.
The same letter is also used to represent conformal time in cosmology, efficiency in telecommunications and elasticity in economics.
Heta (uppercase/lowercase ) is another name for the letter Eta (Η), a letter of the Greek alphabet, and also for some other variant forms of it.
This name is used to show that this letter at first was pronounced as "h", just like in Latin.
Later, in the Ionian dialect of Greek, people stopped pronouncing the sound "h", and therefore they gave the letter a new meaning and used it for a long "e" sound instead.
Some other dialects then took over this new letter "Eta", and so they had to find a new form for the letter for "h".
In some dialects they invented a new letter "" to stand for "h".
Today, the name "Heta" is also used for this letter.
Theta (uppercase Θ / lowercase θ), is a letter in the Greek alphabet.
It represents the "th" sound (as in "think") in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 9.
The Cyrillic letter Ѳ came from theta.
In mathematics, the lowercase θ is used as a variable to represent an angle, and the uppercase Θ is used in big-theta notation (a variant of big-O notation).
The lowercase θ is also used to represent the potential temperature in meteorology.
Iota (uppercase/lowercase Ι ι), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "i" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 10.
Letters that came from it include the Roman I and Cyrillic І.
In mathematics, the lowercase  is used to represent the inclusion function in set theory.
The term "iota" is also used to refer to an infinitesimal amount or an insignificant quantity.
I (letter)
Lambda (uppercase/lowercase Λ λ) is a letter of the Greek alphabet.
It is used to represent the "l" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 30.
Letters that came from it include the Roman L and Cyrillic Л.
In mathematics, the lowercase λ is used as a variable for eigenvalues in linear algebra, and as the parameter of both exponential distribution and Poisson distribution.
In physics, the same symbol is used as a variable representing wavelength.
Anonymous function, where the word "lambda" is used
Mu (uppercase/lowercase Μ μ) is a letter of the Greek alphabet used to represent the "m" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 40.
Letters that came from it include the Roman M and Cyrillic М.
In mathematics and statistics, the lowercase μ is used to represent population mean and the Möbius function.
It is also used to represent coefficient of friction, micrometre and muon in physics.
It has a palm, with several flags at its sides, and two cannons on a green lawn.
On the lawn there are several objects, such as musical instruments (a snare drum and bugles), guns, and ship anchors.
Above the palm tree, there is a Phrygian cap placed as a symbol of freedom.
The ribbon on the bottom displays the national motto: L'Union Fait La Force (French for "Union Makes Strength").
Nu (uppercase/lowercase Ν ν) is a letter of the Greek alphabet used to represent the "n" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 50.
Letters that came from it include the Roman N and Cyrillic Н.
In statistics, the lowercase  can be used to represent degrees of freedom.
In physics, the same letter can also used to represent kinematic viscosity and the frequency of a wave.
The flag of Haiti was adopted on February 25, 1986.
The flag has two horizontal bands of equal height; the top stripe is blue and the bottom is red.
In the center there is a white rectangle with the Coat of Arms of Haiti which consists of a palm tree with several flags at its sides.
There are two cannons on either side of the palm tree.
The civil flag and the ensign (the one used by commercial ships) do not have a coat of arms.
The Haitian flag was created by the revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines in 1803 from the French flag (the Tricolore); he eliminated the white stripe and left only the blue and red stripes in the new flag.
The Louverture Project: Flag of Haiti
Haiti, Flag of
Xi (uppercase/lowercase Ξ ξ) is the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet.
It is used to represent the "x" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 60.
The Roman letter X and Cyrillic letter Ѯ came from Xi.
In mathematics, both uppercase Ξ and lowercase ξ are used to refer to variants of Riemann Xi function (itself a variant of Riemann zeta function).
In physics, the uppercase Ξ is used to represent the cascade particle and xi baryon.
Omicron (uppercase/lowercase Ο ο) is a letter of the Greek alphabet.
It is used to represent the "o" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 70.
Letters that came from it include the Roman O and Cyrillic О.
O (letter)
Pi (uppercase/lowercase Π π), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "p" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 80.
Letters that came from it include the Roman P and Cyrillic П.
In mathematics, the uppercase pi is used for the Pi product operator (for example. ),
similar to the way summation is used.
The lowercase pi is used as the mathematical constant pi, also known as Archimedes's constant.
San (uppercase/lowercase Ϻ ϻ) was an old letter in the Greek alphabet that was used in some Greek cities before the alphabet got its classical standard form.
It looked like the letter Mu (M), but was spoken like S. In the 6th century BC, people stopped using it and wrote Sigma (Σ) instead.
Sho (uppercase/lowercase Ϸ ϸ), was a letter added to the Greek alphabet in order to write the Bactrian language.
It was used for the "sh" sound in Bactrian.
Koppa or Qoppa (uppercase/lowercase ) was a letter of the Greek alphabet that was used in some Greek cities before the alphabet got its classic standard form.
It is no longer used in normal writing today.
It was pronounced as "k", just like Kappa (Κ).
In the 5th century BC, people stopped using it and it fell out of use.
Kappa then replaced it.
In the order of the letters in the alphabet, it came between Pi and Rho, just like in the Latin alphabet the letter Q comes between P and R. However, they kept Koppa as a sign for the number "90" in the system of Greek numerals, but in a third numerical form.
People still sometimes use it in this way, even though they do not use it as a letter to write words.
The letter Koppa at first looked like a circle with a small bar under it.
Later it was written more like a pointed S.
Koppa (alphabetic use)
Koppa (numeric use)
Rho (uppercase/lowercase Ρ ρ) is the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet.
It is used to represent the "r" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 100.
Letters that came from it include the Roman R and Cyrillic Р.
In statistics, the lowercase Rho ("ρ") is used to represent population correlation.
In physics, the same letter is used to represent density.
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, represented by ρ
Sigma (uppercase/lowercase Σ σ ς) is the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet.
It is used to represent the "s" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200.
Letters that came from it include the Roman S and Cyrillic С.
The uppercase Σ is the shorthand symbol for summation (the symbol is also known as the summation operator).
It is often used to condense Taylor series and to write out trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine, and tangent as series.
Tau (uppercase/lowercase Τ τ), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "t" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 300.
Letters that came from it include the Roman T and Cyrillic Т.
Some people want to use Tau in place of Pi, the special number that comes from circles.
Tau would be equal to two times pi, or about 6.283.
These people want to use Tau because they think it would be easier for everyone to understand.
There are many reasons in math why Tau could be useful or helpful.
One of the simplest is that it would make learning about radians easier.
A radian is a way of measuring the angle of a circle.
It says that the number of radians in an angle is equal to the length of the outside of the circle, or the 'arc length', that is covered by an angle, divided by the radius, or distance from the point in the center of a circle to anywhere on the outside (see the picture on the bottom right of the page).
If the distance covered around the outside of a circle is equal to the radius, than one radian is being covered.
Around the whole outside of a circle, there are about 6.283 radians - or, Tau radians (Tau is just a number, like 0, or 7, or 100).
Upsilon (uppercase/lowercase Υ υ) is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet.
It is used to represent the "u" sound in Ancient Greek and "i" in Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 400.
Letters that came from it include the Roman U, V and Y, and the Cyrillic У.
In mathematics, the uppercase  is used to represent the upsilon function (a variant of Riemann zeta function), while the lowercase  is used as a general variable.
In physics, the uppercase  is used to represent an upsilon meson.
In astrology, the same letter is used for the sign of Aries.
Phi (uppercase/lowercase Φ φ), is the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "ph" sound in Ancient Greek.
This sound changed to "f" some time in the 1st century AD, and in Modern Greek the letter denotes the "f" sound.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 500.
The Cyrillic letter Ф came from Phi.
In English, φ is pronounced like "f" but transliterated (re-written) as "ph" in words which originate in Ancient Greek.
In those words which originate in Modern Greek, such as feta cheese, φ is transliterated as "f".
The letter Phi is used to represent the golden ratio (which is about 1.618).
Chi (uppercase/lowercase Χ χ) is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet.
It is used to represent the "ch" sound (as in Scottish "loch" or German "Bauch") in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 600.
Letters that came from it include the Roman X and Cyrillic Х.
In mathematics, the lowercase  is used to represent characteristic function, chi-square distribution in statistics and Euler characteristic in geometry.
X (letter)
Psi (uppercase/lowercase Ψ ψ) is the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet.
It is used to represent the "ps" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 700.
Letters that came from it include Cyrillic Ѱ.
In mathematics, the uppercase  is used as a variable for sets of sentences (in logic), and the lowercase  is used to represent the sum of reciprocals of Fibonacci numbers.
Other applications include the polygamma function, the gamma function and the super golden ratio.
Omega (uppercase/lowercase Ω ω) is the 24th and the last letter of the Greek alphabet.
It stood for a long "o" sound in Ancient Greek.
It still stands for "o" in Modern Greek, but there is no longer a difference between long and short vowels, so it sounds the same as Omicron.
In the system of Greek numerals, it stands for the number 800.
There was also once a letter "Omega" Ѡ in the Cyrillic alphabet.
It was there so people could spell Greek names both in Cyrillic and in Greek in the same way.
However, this letter is no longer used today.
In mathematics, the uppercase omega Ω is used in big-Omega notation (a variant of big-O notation).
It is also used to represent the Omega constant.
In electromagnetism and engineering, the uppercase Ω is used as the symbol for ohms, which are the units of electrical resistance.
In physics and other sciences, the lowercase ω is often used to represent angular frequency.
Sampi or Disigma is a mysterious Greek symbol.
Its meaning is still debated today.
Some believe it to be a replacement of 'san'.
Before that, it was a letter that was used in the Greek alphabet in a few Greek cities in the 5th century BC.
At that time, it looked like  or .
It was probably pronounced like "ts" or "tch" in the dialect of those cities.
Over time, it was changed from  to  or  and at last to .
Eventually, the letter came out of use, while it was still used to denote "900" in the system of Greek numerals.
The problem of aliteracy is the state of being able to read but being uninterested in doing so.
Teachers and school librarians are trying to deal with this problem.
Fortune magazine article
Stratford P. Sherman wrote, in a November 18, 1991 article in Fortune magazine, about the need for America to read more.
He began by saying that most Americans could not understand the article.
He referred to a study by John P. Robinson, a sociology professor at the University of Maryland, showing that the average American at that time spent only 24 minutes per day in reading.
He mentioned the continuing decline in newspaper sales, and referred to a guess by Leonard Riggio, CEO of Barnes & Noble, that 50% of books sold by his company were never read.
He quoted Samuel Robert Lichter, director of the Center for Media and Public Affairs, on his preference for the ease of turning on the TV instead of reading a book.
Sherman went on, in his article, to mention the growing need for skillful commmunication in American business but also the decreasing quality of the same activity.
He quoted Monsanto CEO Richard Mahoney on the importance of reading in helping a business manager to see connections between events.
He described print media as being first among different media with respect to (1) the amount of information conveyed by so few widely understood symbols, (2) portability, (3) suitability for the user's own speed of use, and (4) economical distribution of broad and deep information which can be used immediately.
Sherman said that Motorola was making preparations to pay $5,000,000 to teach workers reading and other basic skills, and that, since 1982, Ford Motor Company had already sent 32,000 workers on a similar program.
He said that Simon & Schuster  predicted a market of $500,000,000 per year in the sales of remedial programs to corporations.
He quoted a spokesman for the National Association of Broadcasters as saying that "the biggest predictor of scholastic success is the time parents spend reading to their children."
However, Sherman said that the amount of time thus spent meant that the outlook was "not bright".
Reducing "Alliteracy" in H.S. Students by Joanne Collison
L'Anse aux Meadows is a historical settlement on the island of Newfoundland in eastern Canada.
It was settled by Vikings from Greenland, Iceland, and Norway around the year 1000, almost 500 years before Christopher Columbus came to the Americas.
It is the only known Viking place in North America outside of Greenland.
The remains of the settlement were discovered in 1960, and were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978.
Settlements in Newfoundland and Labrador
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations is better known simply as The Wealth of Nations.
It was written by Adam Smith in 1776, who was a Scottish man.
It looks at division of work, following self-interest, and freedom of trade.
The book was not the beginning of classical economics, and market economics.
Smith said that if everyone did what was best for themselves, the result would be best for society.
Before that, economics was about the king's personal interests, and the wealth of a nation was measured by the king's treasury or by the gold and silver in the country.
Smith said what's important is what's best for the whole nation, and that wealth should be measured by the yearly income of the nation.
He wanted to discover how wealth can grow, and how people could do things to support that growth.
Smith's book said land, labour, and capital were the three "factors of production" and the main contributors to a nation's wealth.
Prices naturally adjust to having more or less of something: supply and demand.
If there is too much of something (more supply), prices go down so that people have more reason to buy it.
If a lot of people want something (high demand), there may not be enough of it (scarcity); there will be a competition among the people who want to buy it, and some people will agree to pay more to get what they want, and prices go up.
Smith said markets should be free.
At the time, some big companies (like the East India Company) were controlled by the government.
Sometimes the rulers made laws that were good for themselves but not for workers or customers.
For example, in the American colonies, colonists could grow cotton but were not allowed to make clothing from it.
They had to ship it to England to be made into clothing, then buy it back after it was finished.
Smith said this was bad for individuals and for society.
He thought it was better for money to flow freely and naturally between buyers and sellers without outside interference.
Money would naturally go to the sellers who made the best product at the best price.
This way if people did what was best for them, it would end up being best for society as a whole, almost like an "invisible hand" was guiding everything.
18th-century books
Economics books
La Dessalinienne (The Dessalines Song) is the national anthem of Haiti, honoring Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
The lyrics (words of the song) were written by Justin Lhérisson and its music composed by Nicolas Geffrard; it was adopted in 1904.
La Dessalinienne (mp3)
1900s establishments in North America
Establishments in Haiti
Aixinjueluo Yuhuan (; ) (October 1929 – 23 June 2003) was a recent Chinese traditional artist in both traditional Chinese paintings and traditional Chinese music.
He is also one of the few descendants of the royal family of the Qing Dynasty.
He is the great-great grandson of the Daoguang Emperor.
He was born in the Prince Gong Mansion in Beijing, China.
Art career
In 1957, he joined the China Artists' Association, and in 1981 he was added into The Chinese Great Artists' Dictionary.
He has won many art prizes in China dealing with Chinese traditional art, his pieces are mostly landscapes, people, and close-up flowers and bamboo.
Early art career
YuHuan was an only son of Aixinjueluo Pu Shu Ming who has lived in the Prince Gong Mansion for some time after the Qing Dynasty was overruled.
Good links to his uncle Pu Xin-Yu, who was a famous traditional artist of China, provided him with art lessons which set his appetite for painting Chinesetraditional art.
In Junior High School, he has already started publishing his own comics on the newspapers, he became more and more interested in the arts, he eventually applied and was accepted by the Arts Department of the Beijing Normal University.
The art he was taught at the Beijing Normal University was Western art although he was used to Chinese paintings.
Artist YuHuan was also a sanxian musician, his lessons with traditional Chinese instruments started when he was a child, and still living in the Prince Gong Mansion.
At his death, he had already mastered many difficult pieces and he played until his late 60s.
The Song of Qing Dynasty
At the age of eight, he started to learn the sanxian, a 500-year-old Chinese three-string, plucked instrument.
The song he learned was a song from the Qing Dynasty(the dynasty of his great-great grandfather), it consisted of 13 pieces, with each piece about 20–45 minutes long.
He did not learn all of the pieces of the song because his tutor only knew 13 of them (there were more that his tutor did not know); even so, it took him 2 years to master it, with courses of one 2-hour lesson per week.
He had already passed on the song to a lecturer in the Central Conservatoire of Music in Beijing, his student also took two years to master it.
The leaders of many countries and foreign ministers have met with Yuhuan and either bought or received his paintings as donations or presents, the countries include: Hungary, Germany, the USA, Canada, Japan, and many more.
He has also lectured in many universities Japan, Singapore and Indonesia.
Galleries and exhibitions of his work were also presented to and hosted at many of the above countries.
Zhang, Hu. "
A Developed Era with a Beautiful Sound: Mr. YuHuan Discusses Music at Prince Gong Mansion".
Beijing Morning News 16 July 1988.
Xia, Jun. "The Knowledgeable and Talented Ai Xin Jue Luo YuHuan".
Renmin Ribao of Hong Kong 13 July 1988.
Xia, Jun. "Ai Xin Jue Luo YuHuan and the Music of Prince Gong Mansion".
Renmin Ribao of China 24 February 1989.
"Royal Painting".
The Indonesia Times: an Independent Newspaper 16 September 1992.
"The Last Emperor's Nephew: My two Grueling Years to Master Qing Song".
The Strait Times 30 January 1992.
Musical entertainers
New Castle is a city in Henry County, Indiana, 44 miles (71 km) east of Indianapolis, on the Big Blue River.
In 1900, 3,406 people lived in the town; in 1910, 9,446; in 1920, 14,458; and in 1940, 16,620.
The population was 17,780 in 2000.
New Castle is home to New Castle Fieldhouse, the largest high school  in the world.
City of New Castle
News & Media
The Courier-Times
New Castle Online
Cities in Indiana
Pop art is a modern art movement that developed in the 1950s and 60s.
It was created by the Scottish sculptor and artist Eduardo Paolozzi in London, 1952.
Andy Warhol, Robert Indiana and Roy Lichtenstein are examples of pop artists.
Pop art has themes and techniques drawn from popular mass culture, such as advertising and comic books.
Pop art employs images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art.
The Independent Group (IG), founded in London in 1951, is regarded as the starting point of the pop art movement.
They were a gathering of young painters, sculptors, architects, writers and critics who were challenging modernist approaches to culture as well as traditional views of "fine art".
The group discussions centered on popular culture implications from such elements as mass advertising, movies, product design, comic strips, science fiction and technology.
At the first Independent Group meeting in 1952, co-founding member, artist and sculptor Eduardo Paolozzi presented a lecture using a series of collages titled Bunk!
that he had assembled during his time in Paris between 1947–1949.
This material consisted of 'found objects' such as, advertising, comic book characters, magazine covers and various mass-produced graphics that mostly represented American popular culture.
One of the images in that presentation was Paolozzi's 1947 collage, I was a Rich Man's Plaything, which includes the first use of the word "pop″, appearing in a cloud of smoke emerging from a revolver.
After Paolozzi's seminal presentation in 1952, the IG focused on the imagery of American popular culture, particularly mass advertising.
Pop artists went for absolute clarity.
Most forms were bordered with black lines as in comic books.
The objects are often plain like a poster, and without perspective.
The colours are clear, achromatic and primitive colours.
Objects of the everyday life get isolated and modified or processed in collages.
Pop art is a connection between reality and art, handled with abstract means.
Some of their catchwords are: popular, consumable, cheap, funny and outstanding.
Much of pop art is rather academic, as the unconventional organizational practices used often make it difficult for some to understand.
Pop art and minimalism are considered to be the last modern art movements and so the precursors to postmodern art, or some of the earliest examples of postmodern art themselves.
Famous pop artists
Jim Dine
James Gill
John McHale
Pietro Psaier
Larry Rivers
James Rizzi
The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is a modern art museum in New York, New York, United States, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.
It has been called the most important museum of modern art in the world.
Some of the artists featured at the museum include Jackson Pollock, Vincent van Gogh, Andy Warhol and Robert Indiana.
Museum of Modern Art official site
Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: Patron of the modern
New York Times, 2007: Donors Sweetened Director's Pay At MoMA, Prompting Questions Controversy over the compensation package of MoMA's Director, Glenn D. Lowry.
Taniguchi and the New MOMA
Museum Conservation Lab Renovation
Art museums in the United States
Museums in New York City
The Rankine scale is a thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale.
It is based around absolute zero.
Rankine is similar to the Kelvin scale in that it starts at absolute zero and 0 °Ra is the same as 0 K but is different as a change of 1 °Ra is the same as a change of 1 °F (Fahrenheit) and not 1 °C (Celsius).
Note that the abbreviation °R is ambiguous, as it can also refer to the Réaumur scale.
The Kelvin and Rankine temperature scales are defined so that absolute zero is 0 kelvins (K) or 0 degrees Rankine (°R).
High fidelity or hi-fi is a way of describing a very good home music system. "
High fidelity" means that the sound is as close to the original as possible with no changes or added noise.
People who like hi-fi are sometimes called audiophiles.
Hi-fi is often now called "high-end audio".
In  the 1930s and 1940s, vacuum tubes were used to make radios and electronic amplifiers.
Radio was becoming popular, and microphones, amplifiers and loudspeakers began to be sold.
Manufacturers began to compete to produce the best product.
A lot of research was done at Bell Laboratories and products were made by Western Electric.
Then a new kind of vinyl record with less noise and better sound was invented.
Manufacturers began to call their equipment and records "high fidelity" to help sell them.
In the 1950s, "hi-fi" became the popular term, replacing "phonograph" and "record player".
Rather than playing a record "on the phonograph," people would play it "on the hi-fi".
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Westrex invented the stereo record that used two speakers.
This led to more improvements in home audio.
The word "stereo" replaced the word "hi-fi."
Some people bought individual parts (separate speakers and amplifiers), and even built their own equipment.
The term "high fidelity" is still used for very good music systems.
A Dictionary of Home Entertainment Terms
Renato Giussani: Optimal Stereo Soundstage and Imaging
The High Fidelity Museum
Derby is a city in the East Midlands region of England.
It is on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire.
In the 2001 census, 233,700 people lived there.
At that time, Derby was the 18th largest place in England.
The Roman camp of 'Derventio' was probably near to Derby.
The site of the old Roman fort is at Chester Green.
Later the town was one of the 'Five Boroughs' of the Danelaw.
Modern research into the history and archaeology of Derby has shown that the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons probably co-existed, occupying two areas of land surrounded by water.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (c. 900) says that "Derby is divided by water".
These areas of land were known as Norþworþig and Deoraby, and were at the "Irongate" (north) side of Derby.
Modern History
In World War I, Derby was targeted by German Zeppelin air bombers.
They killed five people in a 1916 raid on the town.
All Saints Church was designated as a cathedral in 1927.
That showed that the town was ready for city status.
In the 1920s and 1930s, slums were cleared out and people were moved to new council estates in the suburbs.
There were also houses for sale there.
Rehousing, council house building and private housing developments continued on a large scale for some 30 years after the end of World War II in 1945.
Derby became a high profile town internationally in sport following the appointment of Brian Clough as manager of Derby County F.C. in 1967.
Promotion to the Football League First Division was achieved in 1969, and County won of the English league three years later.
Following the Clough's resignation in 1973, his successor guided County to another league title in 1975, but this is the club's last major trophy to date; relegation followed in 1980 and top flight status was not regained until 1987, since when Derby have spent a total of 10 seasons (across two spells) in the top flight.
The club moved from its century-old Baseball Ground in 1997 to the new Pride Park Stadium.
Derby was awarded city status on 7 June 1977 by Queen Elizabeth II.
Until then, Derby had been one of the few towns in England with a cathedral but not city status.
Despite its strategic industries (rail and aero-engine), Derby suffered comparatively little damage in both world wars (contrast Bristol and Filton).
This may in part have been due to the jamming of the German radio-beam navigations systems (X-Verfahren and Knickebein), camouflage and decoy techniques ('Starfish sites') were built, mainly south of the town, e.g. out in fields near Foremark.
Derby Arboretum
Derby Canal
Derby Cathedral
Derby Industrial Museum (Silk Mill)
St Mary's Church, Derby
Derby Friargate Station (of which all that remains is Handyside's bridge across Friargate)
Markeaton Park Light Railway, a heritage railway
Pride Park Stadium (Derby County F.C.) and its predecessor the Baseball Ground (now demolished)
St Helen's House, Derby
Sport and Culture
Derby's main football club is Derby County who've won the FA Cup and the Football League.
There are also three senior non-league football clubs based in the city.
Derby also had a short lived baseball team, which played at Derby's former ground.
Arthur Keily the marathon runner and Olympian was born in Derbyshire in 1921 and has lived his whole life in Derby.
In Rome in 1960 he broke the English Olympic record, recording a time of 2hours 27mins.
Derby has the first public park in the country to have an arboretum, which is south of the city centre.
The arboretum was set up by the philanthropic landowner and industrialist Joseph Strutt in 1840.
The arboretum's website states that the arboretum's design was the inspiration for the vision of great urban parks in the USA, notably Central Park in New York City.
Stereophonic sound, also simply called stereo, is the reproduction of sound using two or more audio  loudspeakers.
This creates a pleasant and natural sound heard from various directions, as in natural hearing.
The word "stereophonic" comes from Greek stereos = "solid" and phōnē = "sound".
It was coined by Western Electric.
In popular usage, stereo usually means two-channel sound recording and sound reproduction using data from two speakers.
The electronic device for playing back stereo sound is often called "a stereo".
Ely (; IPA , rhyming with "freely") is a cathedral city in the East Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire in the east of England and  north north-east of Cambridge.
Ely has been called a city for a long time because it has a cathedral.
However, the Royal Charter making it a city was only issued in 1974.
Ely's population was 15,102 in 2001.
This means Ely is the third smallest city in England.
Only after Wells in Somerset and the City of London which are smaller.
The 1944 Boat Race was raced on the River Great Ouse near Ely, the only time it has not been held on the River Thames.
The race was won by Oxford despite Cambridge being ahead early in the contest.
Ely is built on an clay which is one of the highest points in the Fens.
This is very different to the West of Cambridgeshire which is made up of limestone.
The river Great Ouse runs through the city, and is one of the longest rivers in the UK with many others flowing into it.
The drainage area of the rivers that form the Great Ouse is around 6000 square miles (16,000 square kilometres).
This is five times larger than the Fens itself The landscape was a large marsh until the 18th century, when much of the Fens was drained, making Ely no longer an island.
Because of this, the ground around the city is very fertile and most of the region is used for farming.