the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
This is called aGPS or "augmented GPS".
Other systems
There are other systems that act in the same way.
One was put in space by Russia, called GLONASS.
Another that is not yet done is named for Galileo and built by the European Union.
The transmitter converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the desired frequency.
Most transmitters use a quartz crystal to set the frequency of the resulting carrier wave.
A modulator modifies the carrier wave, by frequency modulation or amplitude modulation or some other kind, to include the information needed, such as an audio or video signal.
The modified waves are sent by an antenna to another antenna at the receiver which extracts the information from the waves.
International Telecommunication Union
Jim Hawkins' Radio and Broadcast Technology Page
WCOV-TV's Transmitter Technical Website
Major UK television transmitters including change of group information, see Transmitter Planning section.
Richard Moore's Anorak Zone Photo Gallery of UK TV and Radio transmission sites
Layla is a song by Derek and the Dominos.
The song first appeared on the album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs.
This song clocks in at 7 minutes and 4 seconds, and it is split into two sections.
The first section has the unmistakable guitar riff, which has two parts to it.
The first part is played on a Brownie guitar by Eric Clapton.
The next part that comes in is played on a Gibson Les Paul by Duane Allman.
Clapton also sings the lead vocals.
Bobby Whitlock sings the backup vocals, and he plays the keyboard.
Carl Radle plays the bass, and Jim Gordon plays the drums.
He plays the piano part in the second segment, and Allman plays the slide guitar during the piano exit part.
Eric Clapton plays the acoustic guitar, which augments the piano.
While Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven" builds from a quiet introduction to a hard rock finale, "Layla" does pretty much the opposite.
The "bird call" sound at the end of the song is made by Allman on the slide guitar.
This song was dedicated to Pattie Boyd, who was already married to George Harrison.
The lyrics have something to do with unrequited love.
The song was also named after a fictional character in a movie.
Auto is a contraction (the word is made smaller).
automobile racing
An audit is an evaluation or examination of something by a person or group of people.
They can be made to a person, to a company, to buildings, to systems, to documents and many other things that are used by people.
The most common type of audit are the audits performed on companies and their financial statements, a type of document.
In business, many companies inform and report their operations, their money, and their income in financial statements to many people for many reasons.
They inform people like banks, governments, investors, and the public, for reasons like getting a loan, paying taxes, getting investments, and improving their public image.
In business, a financial statement is an organized document that has financial information, like income and transactions, of a person, company, government, or organization.
They are used by these people and organizations to make decisions on the subject (the person or organization who the financial statement is about), like whether or not to invest in a company and at what price.
Basic financial statements
A financial statement can be written in many forms, but in most countries there are four (4) basic financial statements that are standard.
Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet)
A Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) is a financial statement that includes everything the business owns (called assets) and the business owes (called liabilities, which also include debts) as at a particular date.
The amount the business owes to its owner is called equity (also represents the amount of investment of the owner into the business).
Statement of Profit or Loss (Income Statement / Profit or Loss Account)
Statement of Changes in Equity
A statement of owner's equity shows the movement of the owner's investment in the business.
In the case of a company, this separates the investment amount from the amounts included in Capital and Revenue Reserves.
Statement of Cash Flows
Benson and Hedges were a cigarette manufacturer.
The company were bought by the Gallaher Group The name became a brand of the Gallagher.
The brand sponsored Formula One racing teams for many years.
Royal warrants of appointment  are given by members of the British Royal Family to companies and other people who supply them with goods.
Only three members of the Royal Family issue warrants now.
The Duke of Edinburgh
The Queen Mother also issued royal warrants.
They were all expired in 2007, five years after her death
Royal Warrants explained on the royal.gov.uk website
The Royal Warrant Holders Association*
Royal Warrant Holders Denmark
Antonio de Cabezón (born Castrillo de Matajudios, near Burgos, Spain, 1510; died Madrid, 26 March, 1566) was a Spanish composer and organist of the Renaissance.
He was blind from early childhood.
He is best known for the music he composed for the organ.
His parents came from noble families and owned a lot of land.
He probably had his first organ lessons at the local church.
Then he had more music lessons in Palencia.
He probably had organ lessons from the cathedral organist.
He never had an official job at the cathedral, but he must have been an excellent student, and his teachers, who had a lot of influence, recommended him to the royal family.
In 1526 he became organist to Queen Isabella and played at the Spanish chamber concerts of King Charles V of Spain.
About 1538 he married the daughter of a rich family and he went to live in Avila where his wife came from.
They had five children who had important positions at the royal court when they grew up.
After Queen Isabella died he spent all his time working for Prince Philip, who became Philip II.
King Philip thought he was the world’s greatest artist except for the painter Titian.
He often travelled with the king to countries such as Italy, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
He influenced many European composers that he met, and they influenced him.
When the king moved to Madrid and made it the capital of Spain, Cabezón went there too.
He stayed there until his death.
Cabezón was one of the greatest composers of his time.
He was good at writing music which sounded just right for the organ and the clavichord.
He used the techniques of other composers of his time, but added some very special effects.
Instead of just putting in a lot of ornamentation to make the music interesting, he enjoyed creating tension between harmony and melody.
He wrote diferencias (sets of variations) which use Spanish tunes which were often dances such as the folia, pavan and galliard.
Many of his organ compositions are called  glosas .
Each one has something very special to say.
1510 births
Spanish organists
Glosa is a term that was often used by Spanish musicians in the 16th century to mean: a piece of music which was similar to a set of variations.
Composers at that time often wrote collections of glosas.
The term is related to the word “gloss”.
They were comparing it to gloss (ornamentation) that a poet might put on his poem.
They were often on religious themes.
Glosa was also used by Spanish musicians to mean: musical ornamentation.
This is the meaning in the title of a famous book of music for viola da gamba and harpsichord by Diego Ortiz called Trattado de glosas (1553).
Real property is a type of property that includes land and buildings and infrastructure in land.
It is one of two types of property that one can own, and the other is personal property.
Residential real estate may contain either a single family or multifamily structure that is available for occupation or for non-business purposes.
15 Eunomia is a very big asteroid in the closer part of the main asteroid belt.
It is the biggest of the stony (S-type) asteroids, and somewhere between the 8th to 12th biggest Main Belt asteroid overall (unsure diameters make its ranking unsure).
It is also the biggest member of the Eunomia family of asteroids.
As the biggest S-type asteroid (with 3 Juno being a very close second), Eunomia has attracted a moderate amount of scientific attention.
It has a bit over one percent of the mass of the entire main belt.
Eunomia appears to be a stretched but fairly round body, with what appear to be four sides of differing curvature and noticeably different average compositions.
Its stretched shape led to the suggestion that Eunomia may be a binary object.
However, this has been denied.
It is a retrograde rotator with its pole pointing towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (-65°, 2°) with a 10° uncertainty.
This gives an axial tilt of about 165°.
Like other true members of the family, its surface is made up of silicates and some nickel-iron, and is quite bright.
Calcium-rich pyroxenes and olivine, along with nickel-iron metal have been detected on Eunomia's surface.
Spectroscopic studies suggest that Eunomia has regions made up differently.
Eunomia has been seen occulting stars three times.
It has a mean opposition magnitude of +8.5, about equal to the mean brightness of Titan and can reach +7.9 at a near perihelion opposition.
shape model deduced from lightcurve, including composition variations across the surface
16 Psyche is a very big Main belt asteroid, well over 200 kilometers in diameter, and likely the biggest of the metallic M-type asteroids.
It is estimated to have 0.6 percent of the mass of the entire asteroid belt.
This asteroid was found by Annibale de Gasparis on March 17, 1852 from Naples and named after the Greek nymph Psyche.
The first fifteen asteroids to be found were given symbols by astronomers as a type of short-hand notation.
In 1851, however, J. F. Encke suggested using a circled number.
16 Psyche was the first new asteroid to be found that was designated with this scheme (in 1852 by J. Ferguson).
observations indicate that it is made of iron-nickel.
Psyche appears to be a case of an exposed metallic core from a bigger differentiated parent body.
Unlike some other M-type asteroids, Psyche shows no sign of the presence of water or  water-bearing minerals on its surface, consistent with its interpretation as a metallic body.
Small amounts of pyroxene appear to be present.
If Psyche is the core remnant of a bigger parent body, we might expect other asteroids on similar orbits.
Psyche does not belong to any asteroid family.
One theory is that the collision occurred very early in the solar system's history, and all the other remnants have since been ground into fragments by subsequent collisions or had their orbits perturbed beyond recognition.
Psyche is massive enough that its perturbations on other asteroids can be measured, which enables a mass measurement.
Its density is fairly low for metal (although fairly common for asteroids as such), indicating a fairly high porosity of 30–40%.
Psyche appears to have a fairly round surface and is approximately ellipsoidal in shape.
Recent lightcurve analysis indicates that its pole points towards either ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (-9°, 35°)  or (β, λ) = (-2°, 215°) with a 10° uncertainty.
This gives an axial tilt of 95°.
Two stellar occultations by Psyche have been seen (from Mexico on March 22, 2002, and another on May 16, 2002).
Lightcurve changes indicate a non-spherical body, consistent with the lightcurve and radar results.
Shape model deduced from lightcurve (PDF)
Occultation of TYC 5783-1228 by 16 Psyche  (Video)
Cancún (pronounced as ) is a coastal city in Mexico's easternmost state, Quintana Roo, on the Yucatán Peninsula.
About 573,000 people live in Cancún, but over 4,000,000 tourists visit Cancún every year on vacation.
At present it is, with Acapulco, the Mexican resort best known in the world.
The resort is entirely artificial: few lived here before 1970.
The first hotels were funded by the government.
February to May is wonderful weather most of the time, and there are stunning white sand beaches.
Even the sea is warm.
There is now an airport, and bus connections to the rest of the Yucatán.
The Yucatán has many Mayan sites, and some villages which are still mostly Mayan.
1970 establishments in North America
1970s establishments in Mexico
Norman, is the county seat and largest city in Cleveland County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Norman is about 20 miles south of Oklahoma City.
James Garner and Toby Keith are from Norman.
The University of Oklahoma is in Norman.
Norman was founded in 1889 by Abner Norman.
In 2008, Money Magazine said Norman was a very good place to live.
Norman has one small airport and a railroad station.
Visit Norman
Jazz in June festival
SummerBreeze Concert Series
19th-century establishments in Indian Territory
The Mid-Atlantic States (also called Middle Atlantic States or simply Middle East) form one of the nine geographic divisions within the United States that are officially recognized by the United States Census Bureau.
The division consists of three states: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.
This definition corresponds with the region's traditional definition as the section of the Atlantic Seaboard between New England and the South.
However, many people consider the Mid-Atlantic to be the states south of the Northeast, centered in Delaware, Maryland.
The traditional Mid-Atlantic States comprise the most densely-populated of the nine U.S. regions, and anchor the megalopolis which runs from Boston to Washington, D.C.. The southeastern part of New York State, eastern Pennsylvania, and all of New Jersey combine to form the bulk of the moral region of the Metropolis, according to socio-political geographers James Patterson and Peter Kim, co-authors of the 1991 book The Day America Told The Truth. (
Metropolis begins in the southern Connecticut suburbs of New York City and stretches along the Eastern seaboard to the northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C.).
The book classifies the remainder of New York State and Pennsylvania in the Rust Belt.
http://geology.er.usgs.gov/states/mid_atl.html
Landfall is when a tropical cyclone or waterspout moves from being over water to being over land.
When a tornadic waterspout makes landfall it can be called a tornado, and can cause damage to buildings and other things made by people.
When a fair weather waterspout makes landfall it quickly spreads out and loses its energy; the water falls as rain.
A tropical cyclone is said to make landfall when its center moves over land; in tropical cyclones this can be when the eye moves over land.
This is where most of the damage occurs because when the storm is over water there is a little chance of damage, except if the parts of the storm that are raining are over land, which can cause severe flooding especially when the system is moving slowly or not at all.
The effects of landfall are:
the storm surge peaks
the core of strong winds comes on shore
and heavy flooding rains move over land.
Together with the high surf, these can cause a lot of beach erosion.
In low lying areas the storm surge can stay inland for a long time and mix with chemicals already in the area to create a toxic mess.
When a tropical cyclone makes landfall, the eye "closes", surf gets less, and winds get less as the cyclone spreads out, losing energy.
Damage inland may include flooding rains, gusty winds, and severe weather associated with the cyclone's remnant thunderstorms.
A "landfall" should not be confused with a "direct hit", which happens when the core of high winds (or eyewall) comes over the land but the center of the storm stays over water.
The effects of this are similar but storm surges can be much less.
These effects are:
high surf
heavy flooding rains
water building up along the coast
minor storm surges
beach erosion
high winds
possibly severe weather.
Freeport is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston – Sugar Land – Baytown Metropolitan Area in Southeast Texas.
As of the 2000 U.S. census, the city population was 12,708.
Freeport is about sixteen miles from Angleton.
Freeport's Official Homepage
Brazosport ISD's Official Homepage
Freeport Offshore Fishing Charter
Historic materials about Freeport, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
Handbook of Texas: Freeport
http://texashistory.unt.edu/search.tkl?type=coverage_place&q=United%20States%20-%20Texas%20-%20Brazoria%20County
1910s establishments in Texas
San Luis Pass is a strait of water at the south-western end of Galveston Island off the shores of the U.S. state of Texas.
It connects the sheltered waters of West Bay to the open Gulf of Mexico.
San Luis Pass, Colorado skirting the San Luis Peak in the San Juan Mountains
San Luis Pass, New Mexico
San Luis Pass Fishing Pier
A Sedimentologic Description of a Microtidal, Flood-Tidal Delta, San Luis Pass, Texas
Geography of Texas
Lincoln often refers to Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States.
Mary Todd Lincoln, wife of Abraham
Lincoln Chafee, a United States Senator
Lincoln Thompson, a Jamaican reggae musician
Lincoln, California, in Placer County
Lincoln, Madera County, California
Lincoln, California, former name of Clinton, California
Lincoln, Delaware
Lincoln, Indiana
Lincoln, Montana
Lincoln, Nebraska, in the United States
Lincoln, New York
Lincoln, Pennsylvania
Lincoln, Rhode Island
Lincoln, Texas
Lincoln, Utah
Lincoln, Virginia
Lincoln, Washington
The Lincoln Motor Company, acquired by Ford Motor Company in 1925.
Lincoln's Inn, in London, England, one of four Inns of Court
2012 Steven Spielberg's Lincoln
19 Fortuna is one of the biggest main belt asteroids.
It is made up of stuff similar to 1 Ceres: a darkly colored surface that is heavily space weathered and made up of primitive organic compounds, including tholins.
Fortuna is 225 km in diameter and has one of the darkest known geometric albedos for an asteroid over 150 km in diameter.
Its albedo has been measured at 0.028 and 0.037.
The Hubble Space Telescope saw Fortuna in 1993.
It was resolved with an apparent diameter of 0.20 arcseconds (4.5 pixels in the Planetary Camera) and its shape was found to be nearly spherical.
Moons were searched for but none were detected.
20 Massalia is a big and fairly bright Main belt asteroid.
It is also the biggest member of the Massalia family of asteroids.
It orbits at very low inclination in the intermediate main belt, and is by far the biggest asteroid in the Massalia family.
The remaining family members are pieces blown off by a cratering event on Massalia
Massalia has an above-average density for S-type asteroids, similar to the density of silicate rocks.
As such, it appears to be a solid un-fractured body, which is rare among asteroids of its size.
Apart from the few biggest bodies over 400 km in diameter, such as 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta, most asteroids appear to have been fractured a lot.
Lightcurve analysis indicates that Massalia's pole points towards either ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (45°, 10°) or (β, λ) = (45°, 190°) with a 10° uncertainty.
This gives an axial tilt of 45°in both cases.
The shape reconstruction from lightcurves has been described as quite spherical with large planar, nonconvex parts of the surface.
Massalia was found by A. de Gasparis on September 19, 1852, and also found independently the next night by J. Chacornac.
Massalia is the Greek name for Marseille, where Chacornac made his discovery (de Gasparis was observing from Naples).
Orbital elements for bright asteroids from the Minor Planet Center.
22 Kalliope is a big main belt asteroid of the M-type, found by J. R. Hind on November 16, 1852.
Its spectrum is M-type, but Kalliope does not appear to be metallic.
It is similar to other M-types such as 21 Lutetia.
Firstly, its density is far too low to be metal.
Second, spectroscopic studies have shown evidence of hydrated minerals  and silicates, so the surface is probably stony.
Kalliope also has a low radar albedo, unlike most metallic surfaces.
Lightcurve analysis indicates that Kalliope's pole most likely points towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (-23°, 20°) with a 10° uncertainty, which gives Kalliope an axial tilt of 103°.
Kalliope's rotation is then a bit retrograde.
Kalliope has one known moon, Linus, or (22) Kalliope I Linus.
It is quite big: 30–40 km in diameter.
It orbits about 1065 km from Kalliope.
This is about 12 times the radius of Kalliope.
Linus was found on August 29, 2001 by Jean-Luc Margot and Michael E. Brown, while another team also independently found the moon 3 days later.
Kalliope and Linus very well resolved with the 8m VLT at ESO.
Also includes a Kalliope shape model.
orbit diagram for Linus
A different VLT image of Kalliope and Linus
Data sheet at Johnston's Archive, includes some other parameters.
The iPod touch is a media player that was created and sold by Apple Inc. It was first seen by the public at an Apple meeting called "The Beat Goes On" on September 5, 2007.
The iPod touch was famous for its touch screen.
It has internet access with YouTube and the iTunes store.
It was sold with either 8 GB, 16 GB, 32 GB, or 64 GB of storage.
The iPod touch can see the last 10 songs played in a Starbucks café through Wi-Fi within the location of the iPod.
With an iPod touch, the user can download tracks in the online iTunes music store.
This feature is to be offered in some Starbucks stores in the US.
Right now, there are no plans to expand its Wi-Fi iTunes stores in any other country than the United States.
The iPod touch's touch screen ability is the same like that of the iPhone.
Like the iPhone, the iPod touch also has a physical home button separate from the touch screen.
The home screen includes a headphone set, an alarm clock and also a list of buttons corresponding to the available applications: Music, Videos, Photos, iTunes on the bottom button row.
Safari, Calendar, Contacts, Clock, Calculator, and Settings are at the top.
The iPod touch is also sold with 28 wallpaper photos, some of which are figures from the iPod advertisements.
iPod 1st Generation (iPhone OS 1)
iPod 2nd Generation (iPhone OS 2)
iPod 3rd Generation (iPhone OS 3)
iPod 4th Generation (iOS 4)
iPod 5th Generation (iOS 5)
iPod 6th Generation (iOS 12)
iPod 7th Generation Current Model (iOS 13)
Before October 12, 2011, when the iPod Touch is taken out of the box for the first time, it needs to be connected to a computer for it to start.
When it's first turned on, iTunes must be installed on either a macOS or Microsoft Windows operating system computer for programming the iPod touch.
On either operating system, the iPod touch needs a USB 2.0 port on the computer to connect.
When the iPod is first turned on it needs data communications with iTunes, and will always show the "cable to iTunes" picture until it senses iTunes.
However, after October 12, 2011, new iPods that were bought will have iOS 5 installed and that means users can set up the iPod wirelessly, without connecting it to a computer.
It also means that users do not have to connect their iPod to a computer in order to sync and back up data.
All of this will be done through Apple's iCloud service.
A computer running either:
Mac OS X 10.4.10 or later
Microsoft Windows XP (Home or Professional x32 Edition) with SP2, or Microsoft Windows Vista (32 bit OS only )
iTunes 7.4 or later
Available USB 2.0 port
The iPod touch is included with Wi-Fi 802.11b/g, and, like the iPhone, has the Safari web browser and YouTube.
The iPod's Wi-Fi ability can also be used to buy music from the iTunes Store.
Third-party applications
On October 17, 2007, Steve Jobs, gave an open letter posted on Apple's webpage, announced that a software development kit (SDK) for the iPhone would be made ready to third-party developers in February 2008.
Because of security concerns and Jobs' praise of Nokia's digital signature system, it is also suggested that Apple will adopt a similar method.
The SDK will also apply to the iPod touch.
However, end-users have still been able to "jailbreak" the iPod touch in similar methods to the iPhone, allowing the usage of third-party applications created by users.
The most popular iPod touch jailbreak method is a website which takes advantage of a TIFF exploit in the iPod touch's web browser to execute the code in order to install the hacks.
The site also patches the exploit as well.
This method only worked on the 1.1.1 firmware, as 1.1.2 fixed the exploit needed for the installer to work.
Software Upgrades
During the initial launch of the iPod touch, reviews have noted some differences when compared to Apple's similar iPhone.
One of the primary criticisms of the iPod touch is the absence of iPhone's email, mapping and stock tracking applications.
On January 15, 2008, Steve Jobs announced at his Macworld 2008 keynote that the January Software Upgrade for the iPod touch consists of five new applications: Mail, Maps, Stocks, Notes and Weather.
The new Maps feature is similar to that of the iPhone's, with new software from Skyhook Wireless that pinpoints the user's location using Wi-Fi.
The software upgrade is available for current iPod touch owners via iTunes download for US$19.99.
New iPod touch units with 1.1.3 installed (MA623LL/B or MA627LL/B) will also have the software upgrade pre-installed.
Customers who purchase an iPod touch with part number MA623LL/A or MA627LL/A must pay the upgrade fee to receive the new applications.
Comparisons to the iPhone
The first reviews of the iPod touch have cited some differences compared to Apple's similar iPhone.
One of the biggest criticisms of the iPod touch was that it did not have the iPhone's email, mapping and stock tracking applications.
Another complaint mentioned that the iPod touch had no physical buttons for volume control - a feature that the iPhone had.
The iPod touch instead used software-based controls, which makes users to double click the home button, bringing up an on-screen volume control.
The iPod touch also did not have the iPhone's external speakers, built-in camera, and Bluetooth capability, but the 2nd generation onward has external speakers and the Bluetooth capability.
The fourth generation, released in September 2010, was the first iPod touch to feature the retina display and two built-in cameras for FaceTime and for videos and still photos.
At least one critic has suggested that Apple may have left out these applications and hardware features on purpose in order to differentiate the iPod touch from its more expensive cousin, the iPhone.
Others say that the touch does not need the applications mentioned above because it's an iPod and not a mobile phone.
However, the 2009 model of the iPod touch does feature Bluetooth, but only to link with bluetooth headphones.
By now, the 5th-generation iPod touch mostly has the same functions as the iPhone, but is not quite as powerful, uses an inferior camera, lacks a built-in GPS, and lacks cell phone capabilities.
However, it is cheaper than the iPhone, and also thinner, making it more portable.
Manufacturing flaws
A number of early iPod Touch users have complained that their iPod's screen could not properly display shades of black.
The problem has been related to the bad reflective coating on the LCD display and bad quality control.
The defect caused the screen to have very narrow optimal viewing angle (hard to look at the screen from the side) and also resulted in "shimmering" blacks.
This screen problem was later fixed with the firmware update 1.1.1 although some still complained that the screen still could not properly display certain shades of black.
Critics also say that the update simply "alleviates" the screen problem by adjusting contrast settings and does not provide a fix for the screen itself.
Screen material: Glass
Screen size: 8.9 cm (3.5 in)
Screen resolution: 480×320 pixels at 163 ppi
Input method: Multi-touch screen interface
Operating system: iOS
Storage: 8, 32, or 64 GB flash memory
CPU: 1.0 GHz ARM Cortex-A8
RAM: 256 MB
Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g)
Built-in rechargeable, non-removable battery with up to 7 hours of video playback, and up to 40 hours of audio playback, times vary.
Size: 110×61.8×8 mm (4.3×2.4×0.31 in)
Weight: 120 grams (4.2 ounces)
Direct iTunes Wi-Fi store access
Wide screen video
Integrated Safari web browser and YouTube client
Access to Starbucks music (currently only in New York, San Francisco Bay Area, and Seattle.
Coming to Chicago in March 2008)
iPod Touch Installer Application(3rd Party) Directory
Apple's iPod touch official product page
Apple's list of special web applications usable with the iPod touch
Apple special event: Keynote address introducing iPod touch.
Jewelry:
Setting (the noun): Frame or bed into which a diamond or gem is set, see also personal setting
Setting (the verb) describes is the art to fasten a diamond or gem into a jewelry item
A place where something is set
Set construction in theatrical scenery
Setting (fiction) in literature
Campaign setting in role playing games
Setting - a frame - in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy- all the basic rules regulating place, time and behaviors within which therapeutic process and therapeutic alliance evolve
A Setting is a term used in Irish traditional music to describe a version of a tune that is incompatible when played together with other versions of the same tune.
Tracking (education), grouping students by ability.
In computers and electronics, can refer to the configuration of options of the software or device
General uses
Contact lens, a corrective, cosmetic, or therapeutic lens
Contact process, a method for producing sulfuric acid on an industrial scale
Contact network, a type of social network
Contact (law), in Family Law, deals with the right of parents or other significant persons to meet with and relate to a child
Active component of electric switch or electrical connector
vCard or hCard, in address books, a contact is the name, address, phone number, and other pertinent information
Contact paper, in photography, used to print negatives without enlargement
Contact (mathematics), a mathematical concept, the idea of curves (for example) touching
Optical contacting, a process in which two highly polished surfaces are permanently or temporarily joined without use of any adhesive
Contact Energy, an energy company in New Zealand
The initial fighting with an enemy unit, in a military context
Contact Conference, an annual interdisciplinary scientific conference
A social contact, a person renowned for performing special and often illegal favors for individuals in return for goods or services.
First contact between different cultures.
Radar contact, the display of a single radar return from an object as a result of one radar sweep. (
Compare with track).
CONTACT USA, a Crisis Hotline.
Amateur radio contact, an exchange of information between two amateur radio operators
Contact massage, massage that is done by hands or special electronic aids
In military parlance a contact is a chance encounter with the enemy, typically while undertaking patrolling operations.
Especially common in Britain, Australia/New Zealand and probably other Commonwealth forces such as India.
Contact (musical), a dance musical
Contact (Fantastic Plastic Machine album), an album by Fantastic Plastic Machine
Contact!,
an album by Eiffel 65
Contact (Silver Apples album), an album by Silver Apples
Contact, an album by The Benjamin Gate
Contact (Thirteen Senses album), an album by Thirteen Senses.
Contact (Indo G album), an album by Indo G
Contact (Minori Chihara album), an album by Minori Chihara.
"Contact", a song by Thirteen senses from the above album.
"Contact", a song from the broadway version of the rock opera, "Rent".
"Contact", a song by The Police from their 1979 album Reggatta de Blanc
"Contact (song)", by the French rock band Kyo.
"Contact" (Phish song), an early Phish song
Contact (novel), a science fiction novel by Carl Sagan
Contact (movie), a movie based on the book
Contact (video game), a Nintendo DS game
Contact (Dance), a dance production by Paul Mercurio
Contact (The Culture), in novels by Iain M. Banks, the Exploration (and sometimes military) corp of the Culture
Contact (game), a word-guessing game.
Contact is English for Contacto, a publication of the British Interlingua Society.
Mac OS X Tiger (version 10.4) is the fifth major release of Apple's Mac OS X. It was released on April 29, 2005.
Ars Technica Mac OS X 10.4 Review and Overview
Mac OS X Tiger 'Developer' Overview
Notre Dame is a very old cathedral in Paris, France.
It is one of France's most famous landmarks and many people visit it each year.
The cathedral is on a small island on the River Seine.
It is the cathedral of the Catholic Archdiocese of Paris, one of 23 archdioceses in France.
The cathedral was built during two centuries.
It is a very good example of Gothic Architecture in France.
At the time it was finished, the cathedral was the biggest such building in Western Europe.
Between 1844 and 1864, the building was renovated under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, who incorporated elements into the design that the medieval building had not possessed before.
The two rose windows which ornate the transept are among the biggest in Europe: each has a diameter of 13m.
The bronze plate in the parvis before the cathedral is the origin of all road distances in France calculated from Paris.
The national geographic institute in France uses the building as a benchmark.
The coordinates and altitude for this point are known precisely.
Victor Hugo wrote a famous story called 'Notre-Dame de Paris'.
The story takes place around the cathedral.
The English title is 'The Hunchback of Notre Dame', and it has also been made into movies.
On May 21, 2013 French historian Dominique Venner committed suicide at Notre Dame de Paris because of his beliefs for gay rights.
About 1,500 people were evacuated from the cathedral.
2019 fire
On 15 April 2019, smoke and flames were sighted and the Cathedral was declared to be on fire.
The fire burnt for over half a day and caused massive damage.
Most works of art in the cathedral could be saved.
The French government announced that the damage would be repaired and the cathedral would be rebuilt.
"Stand Up for Love" was the first single from Destiny's Child's greatest hits album, 1's.
Released in 2005, the single became Destiny's Child's first single to fail to chart in the United States.
The song was the final Destiny's Child single, although another new song from the album, "Check on It" (a solo Beyoncé Knowles song) was released.
"Stand Up for Love" (Single Edit)
"Stand Up for Love" (Instrumental)
"Stand Up for Love" (Acapella)
"Stand Up for Love" (Junior's Roxy Remix)
"Stand Up for Love" (Junior Vasquez Roxy Anthem Remix)
"Stand Up for Love" (Junior Vasquez Roxy Dub Mix)
"Stand Up for Love" (Maurice Joshua Nu Anthem Mix)
"Stand Up for Love" (Maurice Joshua Nu Soul Mix)
"Survivor," Destiny's Child's signature song, is an R&B song written by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles, Anthony Dent, and Mathew Knowles for Destiny's Child's third studio album Survivor (2001).
It was produced by Beyoncé and Dent, and was released as the album's first single in early 2001.
The song reached number one in Ireland, Norway, and the United Kingdom, and entered the top 10 of the majority of the charts it appeared on, making it one of Destiny's Child most successful single releases.
The song also won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.
After German re-unification, he went to the Soviet Union but was sent back by the new Russian government to Germany, where he was imprisoned and tried for high treason and crimes committed during the Cold War.
However, as he was dying of liver cancer, he was released from prison.
He died in exile in Chile about a year and a half later.
Origins and early political career
Honecker was born in Neunkirchen, nowadays Saarland.
He had two brothers and three sisters.
He joined the Young Communist League of Germany (KJVD), the youth section of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), in 1926 and joined the KPD itself in 1929.
Between 1928 and 1930 he worked as a roofer, but did not finish his apprenticeship.
Thereafter he was sent to Moscow to study at the International Lenin School and for the rest of his life remained a full-time politician.
He returned to Germany in 1931 and was arrested in 1935 after the Nazis had come to power (Machtübernahme).
In 1937, he was sentenced to ten years for Communist activities and remained in captivity until the end of World War II.
At the end of the war, Honecker started working for the communist party again under leader Walter Ulbricht.
In 1946, he became one of the first members of the new Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, SED), made up of the old KPD and the Social Democrats of eastern Germany.
He was a member of the parliament in the Soviet Occupied Zone after the elections of October 1946.
The German Democratic Republic was created on 7 October 1949.
Its constitution set up a system of government like the Soviet Union's.
Honecker became a candidate member of the secretariat of the Central Committee in 1950 and full member in 1958.
In 1961, Honecker was in charge of the building of the Berlin Wall.
In 1971, he started a political power struggle.
The Soviet's supported him, so Honecker became the new leader, or General Secretary, of the Socialist Unity Party, replacing Walter Ulbricht.
In 1976, he also became Chairman of the Council of State (Staatsratsvorsitzender).
Under Honecker there was a big improvement in living standards, even though the GDR had the highest standard of living in the Eastern bloc countries.
More consumer goods were made available and new house-building was speeded up.
Although Honecker was more caring to the people about goods and housing he did not allow criticism of the government.
The most obvious way this was shown was the Berlin Wall.
About 125 East German citizens were killed during this period while trying to cross the border into West Berlin.
In foreign relations, Honecker would never allow a unified Germany.
He was very loyal to the USSR, but accepted détente (that is, becoming friendlier to western countries).
Under his government East Germany even became friendlier to West Germany.
In September 1987, he became the first East German head of state to visit West Germany.
In the late 1980s Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced glasnost and perestroika, reforms to liberalize communism.
Honecker and the East German government, however, refused to implement similar reforms in the DDR.
As the reform movement spread across Central and Eastern Europe there were demonstrations against the East German government.
The biggest were the 1989 Monday demonstrations in the city of Leipzig.
The other leaders of the DDR decided to get rid of Honecker, and forced him to resign on 18 October 1989.
Egon Krenz took over instead.
Post-1989
After the German reunification Honecker stayed in a Soviet military hospital near Berlin.
Then he fled to Moscow with his wife, to avoid prosecution over charges of Cold War crimes.
The German government said he should be prosecuted because 192 East Germans died trying to leave East Germany.
After the Soviet Union broke up in December 1991, Honecker went to the Chilean embassy in Moscow, but was sent back by Boris Yeltsin's government in 1992.
The trial started in early 1993, but Honecker was released due to ill health and on 13 January of that year moved to Chile to live with his daughter Sonja, her Chilean husband Leo Yáñez, and their son Roberto.
He died of liver cancer in Santiago, Chile on 29 May 1994.
Honecker married Edith Baumann in 1950 and divorced her in 1953.
They had a daughter, Erika (b. 1950).
In 1953 he married Margot Feist and they remained married until his death.
They had a daughter, Sonja, born in 1952.
Margot Honecker was the Minister for National Education in East Germany.
"The Wall will be standing in 50 and even in 100 years, if the reasons for it are not removed." (
Berlin, 19 January 1989)
"Neither an ox nor a donkey is able to stop the progress of socialism."
Berlin, 7 October 1989
Honecker's autobiography Aus meinem Leben is translated into English as From my life.
Fulbrook, Mary, The people's state : East German society from Hitler to Honecker, Yale University Press, c2005.
CNN Cold War - Profile: Erich Honecker
Honecker im Internet (in German)
Welcoming Address to 1979 Session of the World Peace Council Erich Honecker's speech to the WPC
A Successful Policy Seared to the Needs of the People Volkskammer pamphlet including material by Honecker
Members of the Volkskammer
Presidents of East Germany
This page lists the national rulers in the world.
They are heads of state and heads of government.
In some cases they are de facto leaders not occupying either of those positions or prime ministers who are not heads of government.
195 states (193 UN members + Vatican City + Taiwan) are the basic list.
For local rulers, for example rulers of dependencies and of the main administrative divisions, such as autonomous regions, insular or peninsular regions, successors of historical regions or regions with strong identity, regions in the news, etc.)
see List of the main local rulers.
Member and observer states of the United Nations
The following states control their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.
Other governments
These alternative governments are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member.
Other entities
National rulers
Notre Dame in French is the name give to a number of religious buildings, consecrated to the Virgin Mary.
it was burned in the 2019 Notre Dame fire
Churches and cathedrals in France
Notre Dame de Paris, probably the most famous
Bayeux Cathedral, called Notre-Dame de Bayeux
Notre-Dame de Chartres
Notre-Dame de la Garde in Marseille
Notre Dame du Haut in Ronchamp
Strasbourg Cathedral, called Notre-Dame de Strasbourg
University of Notre Dame in the U.S. state of Indiana
Notre Dame College, Dhaka in Bangladesh
Notre Dame de Paris, the original French title of a novel by Victor Hugo published in 1831.
In English, this novel is commonly called The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
A contact lens is a type of lens that are put directly onto the eye in order to help people see better.
They are a different option instead of glasses.
They have to be prescribed by an eye doctor.
Some contact lenses can be used many times, while other types are disposable products used only once and then thrown away.
Consumer Guide to Contact Lenses (Articles)
Consumer Guide to Contact Lenses  (Articles)
Contact Lens Wearing Guide
British Contact Lens Association
Contact Lens History
Chara (born as  Miwa Watabiki, on January 13, 1968) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, musician and actress.
She began performing in 1991. "
Swallowtail Butterfly - あいのうた" is one of her popular songs.
Chara grew up in Kawaguchi, Saitama.
She started learning the piano from age four, and starting composing songs in elementary school.
Official Site - CharaWeb
People from Saitama Prefecture
Notre Dame de Reims is a cathedral in Reims.
It was built in the 13th century.
It is not as old as Notre-Dame de Paris or Notre-Dame de Chartres.
The building process started in 1211.
Most of the works were done in 1275.
It was built before the Cathedrals of Strasbourg, Amiens and Beauvais, which are also called Notre Dame.
The cathedral is one of the best examples of Gothic architecture.
It has been a World Heritage Site since 1991.
In 2006, about 1.5 million people visited it.
The Kings of France were crowned in this cathedral.
The last coronation ceremony was that of Charles X of France in 1825.
Bayeux Cathedral, also called the Cathedral of Our Lady of Bayeux (), is a cathedral.
It is in Bayeux, in Normandy.
The current cathedral was consecrated on July 14, 1077.
It is part of a larger complex, a bishop's palace.
It was built as a replacement for an earlier church which dated from the Merovingian era.
It was here that Harold Godwinson swore an oath that later led to the Norman Conquest.
Les Amis de Cathedrale de Bayeux
May 9 — Tintern Abbey is founded.
Ramon Berenguer IV becomes Count of Barcelona.
Alberich becomes Archdeacon of Reims.
Fulk of Anjou and Melisende become King and Queen of Jerusalem.
Construction begins on the Beisi Pagoda in China (completed in 1162).
King Valdemar I of Denmark (d. 1182)
March 1 — King Stephen II of Hungary (b. 1101)
April 30 — Saint Adjutor
August 21 — King Baldwin II of Jerusalem
December 4 — Omar Khayyám, Persian poet, astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher (b. 1048)
Alger of Liège, French monk at Cluny (b. 1055)
Bohemund II of Antioch (b. 1108)
Gaston IV of Béarn
Joscelin I, Count of Edessa
Peter the Hermit, French priest and crusader
Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (b. 1082)
January 24 – Pope Gelasius II succeeds Pope Paschal II as the 161st pope.
March 10 – Gregory VIII is elected antipope.
June 11 – Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, captures Azaz from the Seljuk Turks.
December 18 – Alfonso the Battler expels the Moors from Zaragoza.
Þorlákur Runólfsson becomes Bishop of Skálholt.
Enna mac Donnchada mac Murchada becomes King of Dublin.
Cu Faifne mac Congalaig becomes King of Ui Failghe.
Maelsechlainn Ua Faelain becomes King of the Déisi Muman.
The cantrefs of Rhos and Rhufoniog are annexed by Gruffydd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd.
The Archbishop of York is no longer required to be crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Reconstruction begins on Peterborough Cathedral, destroyed by fire in 1116.
Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona captures Tarragona from the Moors.
A rebellion against Henry I of England breaks out in Normandy.
Alberich of Rheims becomes Master at the school of Rheims.
Charles I, Count of Flanders marries Margaret of Clermont.
Amaury IV of Montfort divorces his wife Richilde, daughter of Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut.
Wulgrin III becomes Count of Angoulême.
Gervais becomes Count of Rethel.
The castle of Montlhéry is dismantled by Louis VI of France.
The cathedral of Ferentino is completed.
Restoration of Santa Maria in Cosmedin begins.
Magdeburg is almost destroyed by fire.
Reichenbach Abbey is founded.
Zwickau, Eisenstadt, Kirchgandern, and Wolfenbüttel are first mentioned.
Otto of Bamberg is suspended by the Pope, and Norbert of Xanten defends himself against charges of heresy at the Synod of Fritzlar.
Đorđe, Vojislavljevic´ ruler of Serbia, is overthrown by Uroš I of Raška.
George of Duklja is overthrown by his cousin Grubeša.
Radostl becomes Bishop of Krakow.
Zbraslav, now part of Prague, is founded.
Sylvestr becomes bishop of Pereyaslavl Yuzhniy.
The Knights Templar are founded, with Hughes de Payens serving as the first Grand Master.
John II Comnenus succeeds Alexius I as Byzantine emperor.
The Byzantine general Philocales captures Sardis from the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.
Baldwin I of Jerusalem invades Egypt.
Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem.
Roman of Le Puy becomes lord of Oultrejordain.
Joscelin I succeeds Baldwin of Le Bourg as Count of Edessa.
Garmond of Picquigny becomes Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.
Suleyman I ibn al-Ghazi becomes emir of Aleppo.
David IV of Georgia captures Lorri from the Seljuk Turks.
David IV of Georgia settles a number of Kipchaks in Georgia.
Ahmed Sanjar and Mahmud II proclaim themselves rival Seljuk sultans upon the death of Mehmed I of Great Seljuk.
Al-Mustarshid becomes Abbasid caliph.
Bahram Shah becomes Ghaznavid emperor.
The Hoysala Empire defeats the Chalukya at the Battle of Kennagal.
The Zenghe era of Emperor Huizong of Song China ends, and the Chonghe era begins.
The Yongning era of Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia ends.
Start of the Genei era in Japan.
November 28 – Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1180)
December 21 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1170)
Gualdim Pais, Portuguese Grand-Master of the Templars (d. 1195)
Eudes II, Duke of Burgundy
Gertrude, daughter of Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor and wife of Henry X, Duke of Bavaria
Christina, daughter of Canute Lavard, wife of Magnus IV of Norway
Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1185)
Nur ad-Din, ruler of Syria (d. 1174)
Ahmed ar-Rifa'i, founder of the Rifa'i Sufi order
Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese general (d. 1181)
Saigyo, Japanese poet
January 21 – Pope Paschal II
April 2 – King Baldwin I of Jerusalem
April 16 – Adelaide del Vasto, regent of Sicily, mother of Roger II of Sicily, queen of Baldwin I of Jerusalem
May 1 – Edith of Scotland, queen of Henry I of England
June 5 – Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester
July 7 – Florence of Worcester, long thought to be the writer of the chronicle of John of Worcester