the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It is not the same as the old Hessian Nationaldemokratischen Partei.
That was one of the parties which joined to form the Deutsche Reichspartei in 1949.
The German government tried to get the NPD banned in 2003, but the Bundesverfassungsgericht threw the case out when some of the leaders of the party turned out to be agents or informers of German security services, including the Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, which still lists the NPD as a dangerous organisation because its policies are a threat to the peace and stability of Germany and the constitution.
The NPD is also referred to as being Neo-Nazi, as it openly opposes Turks, blacks, gays and Jews.
Political parties in Germany
1964 establishments in Europe
Austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii magellanicus) is a common bird found in southern South America.
It has a brown head.
Its breast is gray-yellow.
Its beak is solid and yellow.
It has dark brown eyes with yellow eyebrows.
IUCN red list
Austral thrush in Chilean and Falklands postages
130 Elektra is a very big farther main belt asteroid.
It was found by C. H. F. Peters on February 17, 1873 and named after Electra, an avenger in Greek mythology.
Its spectrum is of the G type, so it is probably made up like Ceres.
Spectral signatures of organic compounds have been seen on Elektra's surface
Recent optical sightings have found a moon (see below).
Using its orbit, Elektra's mass can be found more correctly.
The value of 1.3 kg indicates an unusually high density (for asteroids) of 3.8 ± 0.3 g/cm³. Optical sightings have also determined that Elektra's shape is quite non-spherical, as well as giving indications of albedo differences of 5-15% on its surface.
Moon (S/2003 (130) 1)
In 2003, a small moon of Elektra was detected using the Keck II telescope.
The diameter of the moon is 4 km and it orbits at a distance of about 1170 km.
The moon has been given the provisional designation S/2003 (130) 1.
Due to only a few sightings to date, its orbit is still not well known
130 Elektra and S/2003 (130) 1, orbit data website maintained by F. Marchis.
Includes adaptive optics image of primary, and satellite orbit diagram.
Data on (130) Elektra from Johnston's archive (maintained by W. R. Johnston)
Absinthe is a distilled highly alcoholic drink.
It is 45–74% alcohol by volume / 90–148 U.S. proof) beverage.
It is an anise-flavoured spirit won from herbs.
The herbs including the flowers and leaves of Artemisia absinthium ("grand wormwood"), together with green anise, sweet fennel.
Absinthe has a natural green colour but may also be colourless.
It is commonly referred to in historical literature as "" (the green fairy).
It is not a liqueur, because it is not traditionally bottled with added sugar; therefore it is a spirit.
Absinthe came from Val-de-Travers, Switzerland.
It was very popular in late 19th and early 20th century France.
Parisian artists and writers drank it.
The romantic associations with the drink still lingers in popular culture.
At the end of 1900 the French were drinking over 2 million litres of absinthe a year.
By 1910 this had increased to 36 million litres.
Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Vincent van Gogh, Oscar Wilde, Aleister Crowley, Erik Satie and Alfred Jarry were all known absinthe drinkers.
Absinthe has often been thought a dangerous addictive psychoactive drug and hallucinogen.
The chemical compound thujone, although present in the spirit in only trace amounts, was blamed for its alleged harmful effects.
By 1915, absinthe had been banned in the United States and in much of Europe, including France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Austria-Hungary.
However, it has not been shown to be any more dangerous than ordinary spirits.
Recent studies have shown that absinthe's psychoactive effects (apart from the alcohol) have been exaggerated.
A revival of absinthe began in the 1990s, after  modern European Union food and beverage laws removed barriers to its production and sale.
By the early 21st century, nearly 200 brands of absinthe were being produced in a dozen countries, most notably in France, Switzerland, Australia, Spain, and the Czech Republic.
The precise origin of absinthe is unknown.
Wormwood has been in medical use since 1500 BC.
In 1797, Henry-Louis Pernod, opened the first absinthe distillery, called "Dubied Père et Fils", in Couvet.
In 1805 Pernod built a second distillery in Pontarlier, France,
Absinthe's popularity grew slowly.
In the 1840s absinthe was given to French soldiers  as a malaria treatment.
When the troops returned home, they started to drink absinthe with water.
It became popular at bars and bistros.
After the 1860s absinthe had become so popular that it was for sale in most cafés and cabarets.
By the 1880s the price had dropped a lot, the market got bigger, and absinthe soon became the drink of France.
By 1910 the French were drinking 36 million litres of absinthe per year.
Absinthe was often linked with violent crimes supposedly committed under its influence.
Combined with hard liquor use and the low price, absinthe became a social problem in France.
Wine makers groups often publicized problems with absinthe.
Journalists blamed absinthe for many social problems.
In 1900 absinthe was banned in Switzerland.
The banning of absinthe was even written into the constitution in 1907, following a popular initiative.
The Netherlands banned absinthe in 1909, followed by the United States in 1912 and France in 1915.
Around the same time, Australia banned the liquor too.
After the absinthe prohibition, wine and whiskey makers had a big increase in sales.
Modern revival
In the 1990s an importer discovered that there was no UK law banning the sale of absinthe.
It had never been banned in the UK.
Hill's Liquere, a Czech Republic distillery founded in 1920, began manufacturing Hill's Absinth.
This was a Bohemian-style absinthe, which started a rebirth in absinthe's popularity.
It has never been banned in Spain or Portugal, where it continues to be made.
France never changed the law of 1915.
In 1988 a new law was passed.
This bans only drinks that call themselves 'absinthe' and drinks that do not meet with European Union laws on thujone.
Thujone is the chemical which was thought to cause the hallucinatory (bad dream) effect of absinthe.
In the Netherlands, the old law banning absinthe was successfully challenged by the Amsterdam wine seller Menno Boorsma.
In July 2004 it became legal to make absinthe again.
In Switzerland, the constitutional ban on absinthe was removed in 2000 during an overhaul of the national constitution.
The ban was written into ordinary law instead.
Absinthe is now not only sold in Switzerland, but is once again distilled in its Val-de-Travers birthplace.
In the  United States the laws banning absinthe are hard to understand.
In some states it is legal have a bottle of absinthe, but not to buy or to produce it.
The export and import of absinthe is probably illegal.
The preparation
Traditionally, absinthe is put into a glass.
A sugar cube is then placed in the bowl of a special spoon.
Ice-cold water is poured or dripped over the sugar until the drink is diluted.
During this process, the parts that are not soluble in water make the liquid cloudy.
The resulting milky opalescence is called the louche.
The main herbs used to produce absinthe are green anise, florence fennel and grande wormwood, often called the 'holy trinity'.
Many other herbs may be used as well, such as hyssop, melissa, star anise, petite wormwood (Artemisia pontica or Roman wormwood), angelica root, Sweet Flag, dittany leaves, coriander, veronica, juniper, nutmeg, and various mountain herbs.
The herbs are first soaked, a step called "maceration".
Heat is added in the process of distillation which extracts a pure liquid.
Wormwood, anise, and Florence fennel produce a colorless liquid or distillate that is about 72% alcohol.
The distillate can be bottled clear, to produce a Blanche or la Bleue absinthe.
A second step can add color to the liquid using artificial or natural coloring.
The Virtual Absinthe Museum — An online museum of absinthe history, lore, art and antiques.
Absinthe.se — A collection of absinthe reviews and information.
Ernst Rudolf Johannes Reuter  (29 July 1889 - 29 September 1953) was a German politician.
Reuter was born  in the small Prussian town of Apenrade (today Aabenraa in Denmark).
After getting his abitur in 1907 at the Gymnasium in Leer (East Frisia) he went to Marburg to study philosophy and social sciences.
In 1909 he moved to the university in Munich.
In Munich he first came in touch with the ideas of socialism.
He returned to Marburg in the autumn of 1910 and in 1912 took the state examination there.
Ernst Reuter then worked as a private tutor in Bielefeld.
He joined the Social Democratic Party in Bielefeld, but soon went to the SPD party executive to Berlin where he worked in the central education committee.
Reuter did not believe in war.
He founded the pacifist, group "Neues Vaterland" .
In 1916 Reuter was ordered into the imperial army.
He was a courier on the eastern front.
He was seriously wounded and became a Russian prisoner.
He studied Russian in the prison camp, followed the Bolsheviks, and was appointed People's Commissar in the Volga German Republic in December 1917.
But Reuter returned to Germany in November 1918.
He joined the Communist Party (KPD) and became First Secretary of the Berlin city party in 1920.
The KPD expelled him in January 1922, and later that year Reuter returned to SPD.
In 1926, after having been editor of the SPD newspaper "Vorwärts" ("Forwards"), he started working for the Berlin Transport Department.
Reuter oversaw the creation of the "Berliner Verkehrs-Aktien-Gesellschaft" (BVG) in 1928.
The BVG was a merger of all of the underground, tram, and bus companies in the city.
At the time the BVG was the largest public transport company in the world.
It still operates today, as part of the Berlin-Brandenburg Transport Group.
Reuter was mayor of Magdeburg from 1931 up to the take-over by the National Socialists; he belonged to the SPD parliamentary group in the Reichstag at the same time.
After being arrested several times Ernst Reuter was freed from a concentration camp after help from English friends.
He moved to live in the Netherlands, then Great Britain and Turkey.
He worked as an adviser for the Turkish government in traffic matters.
In 1938 he became a professor for urban development and town planning at the Administration Academy in Ankara.
The Soviet veto stopped Reuter from becoming mayor in June 1947.
But he played on a central role also under the acting Mayor Louise Schröder.
The elections set for 5 December 1948 could only take place in the western sectors.
The SPD gained almost two-thirds of the votes so they were the strongest party.
On 7 December the old city council met once again and elected Ernst Reuter as mayor.
This choice was confirmed by the new parliament on 14 January 1949.
Although the SPD lost about 20 per cent of the votes in the elections on 3 December 1950, Ernst Reuter remained in the office.
The vote in parliament between Reuter and the CDU candidate Walther Schreiber had ended with a stalemate.
Schreiber withdrew in favour of Reuter who took the new official title of Regierender Bürgermeister, at the head an all-party coalition with the from SPD, CDU and FDP.
Ernst Reuter stayed in charge of Berlin for another two years and eight months.
He died of a heart attack in Berlin.
Würenlos is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
official website from the community Würenlos
Wurenlos
Würenlingen is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Official website of the municipality of Würenlingen
Wurenlingen
Wölflinswil is a municipality of the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Wolflinswil
Wohlenschwil is a municipality in Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Wohlen is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Wittnau is a municipality of the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Windisch is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton (or state) of Aargau in the country Switzerland.
In 2014, about 7,143 people lived in Windisch.
Home of the Swiss railway archives
Wiliberg is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Wegenstetten is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Waltenschwil is a municipality of the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Wallbach is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Official Website of the Municipality of Wallbach
Website of the creche Kinderkrippe Wallbach
Vordemwald is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Villnachern is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Official website of Villigen
Official website of Stilli
Veltheim is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Untersiggenthal is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Unterlunkhofen is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Official homepage of Unterlunkhofen
Unterkulm is a municipality of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Official website of the municipality of Unterkulm
Unterentfelden is a municipality of the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Uezwil is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Uerkheim is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Official website of the municipality of Ueken
Turgi is a municipality in Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
In 2002, Turgi got the Wakker Prize for saving its historical buildings.
Thalheim is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Teufenthal is a municipality of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Tegerfelden is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Tägerig is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Tagerig
Suhr is a municipality of the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Strengelbach is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Stilli is a former municipality of the canton of Aargau, Switzerland.
Since 2006, it is part of the municipality of Villigen.
Villages in Aargau
Stetten is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Stein is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Staufen is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in the country of Switzerland.
Staffelbach is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Sisseln is a municipality of the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Sins is a municipality of the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Wil Anderson, Australian comedian
Wil Shriner, actor, television director and game show host
Wil Wheaton, writer, actor, and geek icon
Wil (Musician), Canadian musician
Wil Ohmsford, Character from the Elfstones of Shannara book.
Wil, city in the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland
Wil, Aargau, village in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland
Wil, Zürich, village in the Canton of Zürich, Switzerland
American Broadcast Stations
WIL, radio station broadcasting at 1430 kHz on the AM band, licensed to St. Louis, Missouri
WIL-FM, radio station broadcasting at 92.3 MHz on the FM band, licensed to St. Louis, Missouri
Widen is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Sulz or Sülze is the German name for head cheese.
In German, Sulz can refer to tripes.
People with the name
The Counts of Sulz were German nobility, can be traced AD 910 to 1687
Serge K. D. Sulz, born 1946 is a German psychotherapist
Places with the name
Sulz am Neckar, a town in Baden-Württemberg, near Rottweil
As a placename
Sulz is a part of the city of Lahr
Sulz is a part of the city of Wildberg, Baden-Württemberg
Kloster Sulz (Sulz abbey) is a part of the city of Dombühl, Bavaria
Sulz is a part of the city of Münster, Bavaria
part of the village of Peißenberg, used to be known as Bad Sulz
Sulz im Weinviertel, Lower Austria
Sulz im Wienerwald, Lower Austria
Sulz (Deutschlandsberg), Styria
Sulz (Sulztal), Styria
A part of the city of Weitra
A part of the village of St. Margarethen an der Raab, Styria
The German name of Soulce, Jura
A part of Rickenbach, Zürich
A part of Künten, Aargau
Soulce in the canton of Jura, Switzerland was formerly known as Sulz
Sülz, a village in Silesia
The German name of Soultz-Haut-Rhin in Alsace, France, Sülz im Oberelsass
Sulz was a municipality, in the municipality of Laufenburg and district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Spreitenbach is a municipality in Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
The Canton of Zug is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland.
It is in central Switzerland and its capital is Zug.
With 239 km² in area, the canton is one of the smallest of the cantons.
It does not contain any districts as there are not enough municipalities to warrant any districts.
The canton of Zug is in central Switzerland.
The canton of Lucerne and Canton of Aargau lie to its west.
To the north is the Canton of Zürich; to the west and south is the Canton of Schwyz.
The canton has two lakes inside of it, both of which make up a large part of the canton's area.
They are the lakes of Zug and Ägeri.
Steinhausen
Risch
Canton of Zug official page (German)
Zug-Zuerich border photos
Kanton Zug - All photographs index
Company Formation Zug
The Lake Zug (German: Zugersee) is one of the lesser known Swiss lakes, on the outskirts of the Alps and north of Lake Lucerne.
It is fed by the Aa, which descends from the Rigi and enters the south end of the lake.
The Lorze feeds the lake at the northern shore.
At its northern end the shores are nearly level, while on the west shore the wooded promontory of Buonas (with its castles, old and new) projects picturesquely into the waters.
Three railways follow the shore of the lake, one from Zürich via Zug and Arth-Goldau to the St Gotthard, one from Lucerne via Arth-Goldau to the St Gotthard and one from Zürich via Zug to Lucerne.
Many fish (including pike and carp of considerable weights) are taken from the lake, which is especially famous for an endemic kind of trout (Salmo salvelinus, locally called Rolheli).
Because of farming runoff, it is not one of Switzerland's cleanest lakes.
List of cities and places on the lake
Immensee
Buonas
Waterlevels of Lake Zug  at Zug
Ardon, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, a town in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia
Ardon, Bryansk Oblast, a former urban-type settlement in Bryansk Oblast, Russia; since 2004–a village
Ardon River, a river in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, flows into the Terek River
Ardon, Switzerland, a village in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland
Ardon, Loiret, a municipality of the Loiret département, France
Ardon, Jura, a municipality of the Jura département, France
Ardon, Spain, a village in the province of Castilla y León, Spain
Ardon is a municipality of the district of Conthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Chamoson is a municipality of the district of Conthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Nendaz is a municipality of the district of Conthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Sander Kan, offpiste skiguide in Nendaz
Ski & Snowboard school Montagne Magique
Vétroz is a municipality of the district of Conthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Etzgen is a former municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2010 the former municipalities of Etzgen, Hottwil, Mettau, Oberhofen AG and Wil AG merged into the new municipality of Mettauertal.
Fahrwangen is a municipality of the district Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Fischbach-Göslikon is a municipality of the district Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Fisibach is a municipality of the district Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Fislisbach is a municipality of the district Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Freienwil is a municipality of the district Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Frick is a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in the country of Switzerland.
Official website of the municipality of Frick
Full-Reuenthal is a municipality of the district Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Official Website of Gallenkirch
Gansingen is a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Gebenstorf is a municipality of the district Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Geltwil is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Gipf-Oberfrick is a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Gontenschwil is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Gränichen is a municipality of the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Official webpage of Gränichen
Castle of Liebegg
Agricultural School
AAR Bus und Bahn (public transport)
A map of the village of Gränichen
Municipality of Habsburg
Hägglingen is a municipality in Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Hallwil is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Hausen bei Brugg is a municipality of the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Hellikon is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Official website of the municipality of Hellikon
Hendschiken is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
The Chadian orphan children scandal is about six French citizens from the aid group L'Arche de Zoe.
On October 26, 2007, they were about to fly 103 Sudanese children to France from Chad.
Chadian authorities claimed that the children were not orphans from Darfur in Sudan, but children from Chad with parents still alive.
For that reason, the six workers were arrested in an airport on October 26, 2007.
On December 21, they stood trial for kidnapping of 103 children.
Chad's interior minister, Ahmat Bachir, said that the French suspects could face up to 20 years of hard labour in a Chad prison if they are convicted.
The six suspects started a hunger strike in protest against the Chad court and the charges brought against them.
On December 26, 2007, the six French aid workers were sentenced to eight years with hard labour in prison by a court in Chad.
The French prime minister promised to talk with the Chadian government to try to bring the six aid workers back to France.
In that case, they would have to serve their eight-year prison sentence in France.
Zoe's Ark workers get hard labor
French nurse falls ill during trial in Chad
French aid workers were 'saving lives,' not kidnapping: lawyer
Chad charges aid workers with kidnapping
2007 in France
AAA (Triple A) is a Japanese music group.
The group was formed in 2005, and were awarded a new face award in the same year.
They are signed to "avex trax".
2005 establishments in Japan
ALI PROJECT is a Japanese musical group.
The members of this group are Arika Takarano and Mikiya Katakura.
They play an active role in Japanese animation.
Benny Goodman, born Benjamin David Goodman, (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz musician who played the clarinet.
He was called "The King of Swing", "Patriarch of the Clarinet", "The Professor", and "Swing's Senior Statesman".
Goodman was the son of poor Jewish immigrants in Chicago, Illinois.
They lived in Chicago's Maxwell Street neighborhood.
He learned to play clarinet in a boys' band run by a charity.
He became a strong clarinet player at an early age, and began playing professionally in bands while still wearing 'in short pants'.
Early influences
First band
Goodman joined one of Chicago's top bands, the Ben Pollack Orchestra, at the age of 16, He made his first recordings with them in 1926.
He started making records under his own name two years later.
Goodman left for New York City.
He became a good session musician during the late 1920s and early 1930s.
He was known as a solid player because he was prepared and reliable.
He played with the nationally known bands of Red Nichols, Isham Jones, and Ted Lewis.
Then he formed his own band in 1932.
In 1934, he tried out for the "Let's Dance" radio program.
Since he needed new charts every week for the show, his friend John Hammond suggested that he buy some jazz charts from Fletcher Henderson, who had New York's most popular African-American band in the 1920s and early 1930s.
The combination of the Henderson charts, his strong clarinet playing, and his band that practiced well made him a rising star in the mid-30s.
He performed at the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles on August 21, 1935.
Because of this show, he became known across the United States  His radio broadcasts from New York were too late at night for many people on the East Coast to hear them, but Goodman had many fans in California, and a very excited crowd greeted Goodman.
This got a lot of attention across the nation, and made the Goodman Band popular very fast.
Some writers have said that this was the start of the Swing Era.
Loss of fame
Goodman continued his fast rise throughout the late 1930s with his big band, his trio and quartet, and a sextet.
On January 16, 1938, his band made a famous appearance at Carnegie Hall.
By the mid-1940s, big bands became less popular.
Some reasons for this are that talented musicians were entering the military or getting better-paying factory jobs, gasoline and rubber rationing during WWII, two long musician recording strikes, and the rise of popular singers like Frank Sinatra.
Goodman continued to play on records and in small groups.
He would sometimes organize a new band and play in a jazz festival, or go on a tour, playing in other countries.
He continued to play the clarinet until he died in 1986 in New York, New York.
Goodman also helped racial integration in America.
In the early 1930s, black and white jazz musicians could not play together in most clubs or concerts.
In the Southern states, racial segregation was enforced by law.
Benny Goodman broke with tradition by hiring Teddy Wilson to play with him and drummer Gene Krupa in the Benny Goodman Trio.
In 1936, he added Lionel Hampton on vibes to form the Benny Goodman Quartet.
Goodman was so famous that his band could afford to not go on tour in the southern states, where the people in his band might have been arrested because of their race.
American clarinetists
Bandleaders
Masafumi Akikawa is a Japanese tenor singer.
He was born October 11, 1967, in Ehime, Japan.
His representative work is "Sen no kaze ni natte", this song was sung in annual NHK sponsored year-end men versus women singing contest in 2006.
Artie Shaw (May 23, 1910 – December 30, 2004) was an American musician.
He is considered to be one of the best jazz musicians of his time.
He was a jazz clarinet player, composer, and bandleader.
He also wrote both fiction and non-fiction writings.
He was born Arthur Jacob Arshawsky in New York, New York.
He began learning the saxophone when he was 15.
By age 16 he began to tour with a band.
He returned to New York City and became a session musician.
During the Swing Era, his big bands were very popular with hits like "Begin the Beguine" and "Stardust".
During the War
During World War II he joined the U.S. Navy.
He served in the Pacific theater as the leader of a service band (similar to Glenn Miller's wartime band in Europe).
Political problems
In 1953, Shaw was brought up before the House Un-American Activities Committee for his leftist activities.
The committee was investigating a peace activist organization, the World Peace Congress, which it considered a communist front.
Throughout his musical career, Shaw would take time off.
He would quit the music business and pursue his writing career.
In 1955, Shaw stopped playing the clarinet.
After that, he focused on writing, especially semi-biographical fiction.
In 1981, he organized a new Artie Shaw Band with clarinetist Dick Johnson as bandleader and soloist.
Shaw himself would guest conduct from time to time, ending his self-imposed retirement.
In 1991, Artie Shaw's band library and manuscript collection was donated to the University of Arizona.
In 2004, he was presented with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Shaw was married eight times: Jane Cairns (1932); Margaret Allen (1934-37); Lana Turner (1940); Betty Kern (1941-43), daughter of songwriter Jerome Kern; Ava Gardner (1945-46); Forever Amber author Kathleen Winsor (1946-48); Doris Dowling (1952-56) and Evelyn Keyes (1957-85).
He had two sons by Kern and Dowling.
In his later years, Shaw lived and wrote in the Newbury Park section of Thousand Oaks, California.
Shaw had adult onset diabetes.
In December 2004, he died due to the disease at age 94.
Edward R. "Ed" Murrow (April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1965) was an American journalist and television and radio figure.
He first became known for a series of radio news broadcasts during World War II.
These broadcasts were followed by millions of listeners in the United States and Canada.
Many historians think he was one of journalism's greatest figures.
Murrow hired the best war correspondents.
He was known for his honesty and integrity in delivering the news.
He was a pioneer of television news broadcasting.
Murrow produced a series of TV news reports that helped lead to the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy.
He was portrayed by David Strathairn in the 2005 movie Good Night, and Good Luck.
Good Night, and Good Luck.
is an Academy Award-nominated American 2005 movie directed by George Clooney.
It was written by Clooney and Grant Heslov and is set in 1953.
It portrays the conflict between veteran radio and television journalist Edward R. Murrow and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, especially relating to the anti-Communist Senator's actions with the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.
The movie, although released in black and white, was filmed on color film stock but on a grayscale set.
It was later color corrected to black and white during post-production.
It is about media responsibility.
It also addresses what occurs when the media offer a voice of dissent against the government.
The movie takes its title from the line with which Murrow routinely closed his broadcasts.
Taglines: They took on the government with nothing but the truth; We will not walk in fear of one another.
French drama movies
Lionsgate movies
AnnaSophia Robb (born December 8, 1993) is an American actress and model.
The films in which she starred include Because of Winn-Dixie (2005), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), Bridge to Terabithia (2007), Race to Witch Mountain (2009), Soul Surfer (2011), and The Way, Way Back (2013).
She also played the lead role of Carrie Bradshaw on The CW's series The Carrie Diaries from 2013 to 2014.
Robb was born in Denver, Colorado, the daughter of Janet, an interior designer, and David Robb, an architect.
She was named after her maternal great-grandmother, Anna Sophie, and her paternal grandmother, Anna Marie.
She grew up in a Christian home and was home-schooled.
She started taking an interest in acting and began by performing in front of 500 individuals on her church stage.
She competed in dance and gymnastics for four and a half years, but quit in order to focus on acting.
In 2009, the Arapahoe Herald reported that she was attending Arapahoe High School in Centennial, Colorado.
She graduated in 2012.
At age 9, she was scouted by an agent, and she and her mother drove down to Los Angeles.
After several auditions, she was given the opportunity to appear in a commercial, advertising Bratz dolls that would be aired nationally.
After appearing in a commercial for McDonald's, Robb had a small role in the episode, "Number One Fan" of the television series Drake & Josh.
Her first major role was the title character in the television special, Samantha: An American Girl Holiday.
Robb's two big-screen appearances in 2005 were both adaptations of popular children's books.
She starred as Opal in Because of Winn-Dixie and as the competitive and rude Violet Beauregarde in Tim Burton's remake of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
The latter was a major box office success worldwide, and helped escalate Robb's popularity among pre-teen audiences.
In 2005, Robb was the face of Trad Clothing, helping to design and model a fashion line for girls.
In 2006, she had a guest role on the cartoon show, Danny Phantom as the voice of Danielle "Dani" Fenton.
Robb played Leslie Burke in Bridge to Terabithia with Josh Hutcherson, which opened in U.S. theaters on February 16, 2007.
She recorded a song for the soundtrack titled, "Keep Your Mind Wide Open", and the accompanying video received rotation on the Disney Channel.
The song peaked at No.
90 on the Billboard Hot 100 during the week of March 1, 2007, giving Robb her first charting single.
Robb was a fan of the book before being cast in the role, saying that it "touched me in a way I hadn't been touched by a book before".
Robb went on to appear in The Reaping, Have Dreams, Will Travel, Jumper, and Spy School.
Despite negative reviews of the film overall, Robb's performance in Sleepwalking garnered praise.
Time film critic Richard Schickel said: "There is a wonderful range to Robb's work...this is extraordinarily mature acting from someone this young and she wins our sympathy without once begging for it."
In 2008, she recorded the voice of Mary Magdalene in The Word of Promise: Next Generation – New Testament: Dramatized Audio Bible.
She also starred in Race to Witch Mountain (2009).
In 2010, she appeared in The Space Between.
She then starred in Soul Surfer, playing Bethany Hamilton, who continued to surf after losing her arm in a shark attack.
In May 2011, Robb was announced to star as Wendy in a new and dark take on the classic story about Peter Pan, tentatively titled, Pan, but later dropped out of the project.
It was reported on February 3, 2012, that Robb had landed a role in Life at These Speeds.
Later that month, Robb was cast as Carrie Bradshaw in The CW's Sex and the City prequel, The Carrie Diaries, and appeared in the summer comedy, The Way, Way Back.
In October 2013, Robb started filming for Jekyll Island, starring alongside Frank Grillo, Ed Westwick, Dianna Agron, John Leguizamo, Minnie Driver, and Maggie Q. The film is directed by Aram Rappaport and produced by Hilary Shor, Atit Shah and Aaron Becker.
Jekyll Island  is set to release in 2017.
Robb played the role of Alice Green in the PBS Civil War historical drama series Mercy Street from 2016 to 2017.
Soundtrack appearance
On March 30, 2008, Robb won her first career award when she was named Leading Young Actress at the Young Artist Awards for her role in Bridge To Terabithia.
The film itself won a Young Cast award.
On April 24, 2009, she received the Horizon Award at the 14th Annual Palm Beach International Film Festival.
She was awarded the Rising Star Award at the Denver Film Festival on November 12, 2009.
1993 births
Joseph Conrad (3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) (real name: Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski) was a  Polish writer.
Conrad did not learn to speak English well until he was in his twenties and always had a Polish accent.
Conrad's prose style is considered as one of the best of all English novelists.
He also is seen as important for paving the way to modernist literature.
His narrative style and anti-heroic characters have influenced many modern writers and inspired such films as Apocalypse Now (after Conrad's Heart of Darkness).
Conrad lived in the time of the British Empire and worked in the Merchant Navy.
Novels and novellas
1895 - Almayer's Folly
1896 - An Outcast of the Islands
1897 - The Nigger of the 'Narcissus'
1899 - Heart of Darkness
1900 - Lord Jim
1901 - The Inheritors (with Ford Madox Ford)
1902 - Typhoon (begun 1899)
1903 - Romance (with Ford Madox Ford)
1904 - Nostromo
1907 - The Secret Agent
1909 - The Secret Sharer (written December 1909; published in Harper's in 1910 and collected in Twixt Land and Sea 1912)
1911 - Under Western Eyes
1912 - Freya of the Seven Isles
1913 - Chance
1915 - Victory
1917 - The Shadow Line
1919 - The Arrow of Gold
1920 - The Rescue
1923 - The Nature of a Crime (with Ford Madox Ford)
1923 - The Rover
1925 - Suspense: a Napoleonic Novel (unfinished, published posthumously)
"The Idiots" (Conrad's first short story; written during his honeymoon, published in Savo 1896 and collected in Tales of Unrest, 1898).
"The Black Mate" (written, according to Conrad, in 1886; published 1908; posthumously collected in Tales of Hearsay, 1925).
"The Lagoon" (composed 1896; published in Cornhill Magazine 1897; collected in Tales of Unrest, 1898).
"An Outpost of Progress" (written 1896 and named in 1906 by Conrad himself, long after the publication of Lord Jim and Heart of Darkness, as his 'best story'; published in Cosmopolis 1897 and collected in Tales of Unrest 1898; often compared to Heart of Darkness, with which it has numerous thematic affinities).
"The Return" (written circa early 1897; never published in magazine form; collected in Tales of Unrest, 1898; Conrad, presaging the sentiments of most readers, once remarked, "I hate it").
"Karain: A Memory" (written February–April 1897; published Nov. 1897 in Blackwood's and collected in Tales of Unrest, 1898).
"Youth" (written in 1898; collected in Youth, a Narrative and Two Other Stories, 1902)
"Falk" (novella/story, written in early 1901; collected only in Typhoon and Other Stories, 1903).
"Amy Foster" (composed in 1901; published the Illustrated London News, Dec. 1901 and collected in Typhoon and Other Stories, 1903).
"To-morrow" (written early 1902; serialized in Pall Mall Magazine, 1902 and collected in Typhoon and Other Stories, 1903).
"The End of the Tether" (written in 1902; collected in Youth, a Narrative and Two Other Stories, 1902)
"Gaspar Ruiz" (written after "Nostromo" in 1904–05; published in Strand Magazine in 1906 and collected in A Set of Six, 1908 UK/1915 US.
This story was the only piece of Conrad's fiction ever adapted by the author for cinema, as Gaspar the Strong Man, 1920).
"An Anarchist" (written in late 1905; serialized in Harper's in 1906; collected in A Set of Six, 1908 UK/1915 US.)
"The Informer" (written before January 1906; published in December 1906 in Harper's and collected in A Set of Six, 1908 UK/1915 US.)
"The Brute" (written in early 1906; published in The Daily Chronicle in December 1906; collected in A Set of Six, 1908 UK/1915 US.)
"The Duel" (aka "The Point of Honor": serialized in the UK in Pall Mall Magazine in early 1908 and in the US periodical Forum later that year; collected in A Set of Six in 1908 and published by Garden City Publishing in 1924.
Joseph Fouché makes a cameo appearance)
"Il Conde" (i.e., 'Conte' [count]: appeared in Cassell's [UK] 1908 and Hampton's [US] in 1909; collected in A Set of Six, 1908 UK/1915 US.)
"Prince Roman" (written 1910, published in 1911 in the Oxford and Cambridge Review; based upon the story of Prince Roman Sanguszko of Poland 1800–1881)
"A Smile of Fortune" (a long story, almost a novella, written in mid-1910; published in London Magazine in Feb. 1911; collected in Twixt Land and Sea 1912)
"Freya of the Seven Isles" (another near-novella, written late 1910–early 1911; published in Metropolitan Magazine and London Magazine in early 1912 and July 1912, respectively; collected in Twixt Land and Sea 1912)
"The Partner" (written in 1911; published in Within the Tides, 1915)
"The Inn of the Two Witches" (written in 1913; published in Within the Tides, 1915)
"Because of the Dollars" (written in 1914; published in Within the Tides, 1915)
"The Planter of Malata" (written in 1914; published in Within the Tides, 1915)
"The Warrior's Soul" (written late 1915–early 1916; published in Land and Water, in March 1917; collected in Tales of Hearsay, 1925)
"The Tale" (Conrad's only story about World War I; written 1916 and first published 1917 in Strand Magazine)
Memoirs and essays
The Mirror of the Sea (collection of autobiographical essays first published in various magazines 1904-6 ), 1906
A Personal Record (also published as Some Reminiscences), 1912
Notes on Life and Letters, 1921
Last Essays, 1926
Jeffrey Meyers, Joseph Conrad:  a Biography, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991.
Zdzisław Najder, Conrad under Familial Eyes, Cambridge University Press, 1984, .
Zdzisław Najder, Joseph Conrad:  a Chronicle, new edition, Camden House, 2007.
J.H. Stape, editor, The Cambridge Companion to Joseph Conrad, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Tim Butcher: Blood River - A Journey To Africa's Broken Heart, 2007. .
T. Scovel, A Time to Speak:  a Psycholinguistic Inquiry into the Critical Period for Human Speech, Cambridge, MA, Newbury House, 1988.
The Joseph Conrad Society (U.K)
biography at Joseph Conrad centre of Poland
Conrad First: a digital archive of every newspaper and magazine in which the work of Joseph Conrad appeared between 1896 and 1935
The Complete works  are available from eBooks@Adelaide
Free audiobook of The Secret Agent from LibriVox
Free audiobook of Heart of Darkness from LibriVox
Free audiobook of Lord Jim from LibriVox
Penn State's Electronic Classics Series has 26 Works of Joseph Conrad available for free Joseph Conrad at Penn State's Electronic Classics
Joseph Conrad at kirjasto.sci.fi
Heart of Darkness text at American Literature
Chinua Achebe: The Lecture Heard Around The World
Collected Letters, vol.
6 (1917-1919) - PDF
Find-A-Grave profile for Joseph Conrad
Conrad's page at Literary Journal.com-a number of research articles on Conrad's work
Conrad's page at The Literary Network
About "An Outpost of Progress"  Interpretations of and more background information on the short story.
About TS Eliot reading Heart of Darkness  (French)
Free to read on a cell phone - Conrad works.
Online text of Heart of Darkness - Conrad's greatest work
Modernist literature is the literary form of modernism.
It does not mean "modern" in the sense of recent in time.
Literary modernism has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America.
Modernism is characterized by a break with traditional styles of poetry and verse.
Modernists experimented with literary form and expression.
Ezra Pound's maxim was "Make it new".
The horrors of the First World War had an effect.
Thinkers such as Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx were influential.
One strand of modernist literature is the concept of the outsider.
A good survey is the book of this title by Colin Wilson.
Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, TC (17 August 1932 in Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago – 11 August 2018 in London) was a British writer.
He was born in Trinidad and Tobago.
He lived in Wiltshire.
He was better known as V. S. Naipaul.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
He was the first person of Indian origin to win a Booker Prize (1971).
Naipaul died on 11 August 2018 in London at the age of 85.
That was less than a week before his 86th birthday.
The Mystic Masseur (novel) - (1957) (film version: The Mystic Masseur (2001))
The Suffrage of Elvira - (1958)
Miguel Street - (1959)
A House for Mr Biswas - (1961)
Mr. Stone and the Knights Companion - (1963)
A Flag on the Island - (1967)
The Mimic Men - (1967)
In a Free State - (1971)
Guerrillas - (1975)
A Bend in the River - (1979)
Finding the Centre - (1984)
The Enigma of Arrival - (1987)
A Way in the World - (1994)
Half a Life - (2001)
Magic Seeds - (2004)
Man-Man
The Middle Passage: Impressions of Five Societies - British, French and Dutch in the West Indies and South America (1962)
An Area of Darkness (1964)
The Loss of El Dorado - (1969)
The Overcrowded Barracoon and Other Articles (1972)
India: A Wounded Civilization (1977)
A Congo Diary (1980)
The Return of Eva Perón and the Killings in Trinidad (1980)
Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey (1981)
Finding the Centre (1984)
Reading & Writing: A Personal Account (2000)
A Turn in the South (1989)
India: A Million Mutinies Now (1990)
Homeless by Choice (1992, with R. Jhabvala and S. Rushdie)
Bombay (1994, with Raghubir Singh)
Beyond Belief: Islamic Excursions among the Converted Peoples (1998)
Between Father and Son: Family Letters (1999, edited by Gillon Aitken)
The Writer and the World: Essays - (2002)
Literary Occasions: Essays (2003, by Pankaj Mishra)
A Writer's People: Ways of Looking and Feeling (2007)
Girdharry, Arnold (2004) The Wounds of Naipaul and the Women in His Indian Trilogy (Copley).
Barnouw, Dagmar (2003) Naipaul's Strangers (Indiana University Press).
Dissanayake, Wimal (1993) Self and Colonial Desire: Travel Writings of V.S. Naipaul (P. Lang).
Hamner, Robert (1973).
V.S. Naipaul (Twayne).
Hammer, Robert ed. (
1979) Critical Perspectives on V.S. Naipaul (Heinemann).
Hayward, Helen (2002) The Enigma of V.S. Naipaul: Sources and Contexts (Macmillan).
Hughes, Peter (1988) V.S. Naipaul (Routledge).
Jarvis, Kelvin (1989) V.S. Naipaul: A Selective Bibliography with Annotations, 1957–1987 (Scarecrow).
Jussawalla, Feroza, ed. (
1997) Conversations with V.S. Naipaul (University Press of Mississippi).
Kelly, Richard (1989) V.S. Naipaul (Continuum).
Khan, Akhtar Jamal (1998) V.S. Naipaul: A Critical Study (Creative Books)
King, Bruce (1993) V.S. Naipaul (Macmillan).
King, Bruce (2003) V.S. Naipaul, 2nd ed (Macmillan)
Kramer, Jane (13 April 1980) From the Third World, an assessment of Naipaul's work in the New York Times Book Review.
Levy, Judith (1995) V.S. Naipaul: Displacement and Autobiography (Garland).
Nightingale, Peggy (1987) Journey through Darkness: The Writing of V.S. Naipaul (University of Queensland Press).
Said, Edward (1986) Intellectuals in the Post-Colonial World (Salmagundi).
Theroux, Paul (1998) Sir Vidia's Shadow: A Friendship across Five Continents (Houghton Mifflin).
Theroux, Paul (1972).
V.S. Naipaul: An Introduction to His Work (Deutsch).
Weiss, Timothy F (1992) On the Margins: The Art of Exile in V.S. Naipaul (University of Massachusetts Press).
Open Directory Project - V.S. Naipaul directory category
Editing Vidia, by Diana Athill, a memoir of Naipaul by his editor
A literary Brown Sahib
Trinidad and Tobago people
The official website of the Man Booker Prize
The most honoured Booker shortlisted books
A primer on the Man Booker Prize and critical review of literature.
Dubliners is a collection of 15 short stories by James Joyce, an Irish writer.
It was his first book and was first published in 1914.
The stories in the collection are first told by children, and as the stories continue they deal with the lives of older people.
The last story, "The Dead", is the longest and the most famous.
Eveline
After the Race
A Little Cloud
Ivy Day in the Committee Room
A Mother
1914 books
Works of James Joyce
The Ministry of the Interior of Germany is a ministry of the federal government.
It is based in a brand new building in the Moabit area of Berlin-Mitte.
The BMI has a second office in Bonn.
It is not the same as the United States Department of the Interior.
The Federal Ministry of the Interior is responsible for the security inside Germany, the protection of the constitution, the public service, the organisation of the public administration, the civil defence, information technology and sports.
The BMI also buys motor vehicles for the federal government, and has its own motor vehicle registration office.
Health and Safety Standards
The various State laws about health and safety do not apply to the Federal Government.
Instead the BMI is the with health and safe authoirty for all federal bodies.
It keeps the federal accident reigster.
The European Union sometimes complains that this is wrong.
It says that the Federal health and safety authority should be independent.
Agencies under the authority of the BMI
Bundespolizei Federal Police (BPol) (formerly: Bundesgrenzschutz Federal Border Guard (BGS))
Federal Ministers of the Interior
Official web site of the Federal Ministry of the Interior