the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
But then the internal combustion engine (that used  gasoline and diesel) were greatly improved, and cars that used those engines could go much farther and faster than other cars.
Some people would make electric cars in their garages by taking out the engine and putting in an electric motor and batteries, but for a long time, no big car company made an electric car.
Only in the late 1990's did big car companies start making electric cars again.
The most famous was the GM's EV-1.
Now interest in alternative fuel vehicles is growing.
Kinds of electric vehicles
Pure electric cars
A fuel cell makes electricity from hydrogen.
Hydrogen is very common, but hard to store.
It can be made from water, but is usually made from natural gas.
These cars are very rare, because there are not many places where one can fill up with hydrogen, and so not many are made.
One of the few companies who makes fuel cell cars is Toyota, which has the Mirai.
A solar cell stores energy from the sun as electricity to make the car go.
But the sunlight that lands on a solar car is not enough to make a full sized car move very fast, and cannot work at night unless it stores energy somewhere.
There is a competition every year to see who can make a car that goes the farthest on only solar power.
A battery-electric vehicle (BEV) stores electrical energy in a big battery inside the car.
The batteries get their energy from an electric supply outside the car, usually a electrical outlet like those in a house.
It is the most common kind of electric car seen today.
Many governments around the world are encouraging public places to install charging stations, which have a plug that can charge most types of plug-in cars.
Companies that make BEVs include Nissan, which has the Leaf, and Mitsubishi Motors, which makes the i-miEV.
An American company called Tesla is famous for making BEVs that charge very quickly, such as the Roadster (a sports car) and more recently the Model S.
Hybrid cars
A hybrid is a combination of two things.
In this case, it is an electric motor, and another type of power, such as an engine.
Because of this, hybrid vehicles are not true electric vehicles.
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor which drives the wheels.
Usually, the electric motor is used when moving at low speeds and power from the internal combustion engine is used as the car goes faster.
The engine get its power from gasoline, diesel, or any other kind of fuel, and can generate electricity which is stored in batteries to be used later with the electric motor.
The battery is much smaller than that of a pure electric vehicle and even though the vehicle can go without starting the gas engine, it cannot go very far before the battery runs out of energy and the gas engine has to be started.
The Toyota Prius is the best-selling HEV of all time, but many other companies around the world like Honda (with the Clarity), BMW (with the i3), and Ford (with the Focus) also make hybrid cars, some of which, such as the Honda Civic and Toyota Camry, come in both gas-only and hybrid versions.
The hybrid version is usually more expensive because it has more parts.
A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is like an ordinary hybrid electric vehicle in that it has both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor.
The difference is that a PHEV has a bigger battery that can be charged using a plug from an outlet, just like a battery-electric vehicle.
This allows the car to go farther on electric power alone than a HEV before the gas engine has to be used.
However, the battery is still quite small, meaning a PHEV most often does not go as far as a BEV on electric power alone.
The Chevrolet Volt from General Motors and the Sonata by Hyundai are just two examples of plug-in hybrids, and Toyota also makes a plug-in version of its Prius, as does Honda with its Clarity.
A human electric hybrid vehicle (HEHV), in its simplest form, is a battery and motor put on a bicycle.
The Twike is a covered vehicle that can hold two people.
It can be pedaled, run from the battery, or both.
Other vehicles
There are many other types of electric vehicles.
A trolley bus (also called a trackless trolley) uses overhead electric lines to power it.
Many trains use a railway electrification system to supply power.
A few high-speed rail lines use powered magnets in the track to move the train, in a system called 'mag-lev' (magnetic levitation).
There are electric bicycles and motorcycles and some tricycles (trikes) like the Corbin Motors Sparrow, which was also seen in the Austin Powers movie Goldmember.
Most freight trains are diesel-electric.
The locomotive has a diesel engine which provides electricity, and an electric motor which makes the wheels turn.
In recent years, however, there are buses and trains that store their power in a battery or use some other source like fuel cells.
These kinds of vehicles do not need wires.
Advantages: These vehicles use an electric motor, so they are very quiet, no smell and no pollution from exhaust gases.
They can even be used indoors, in tunnels and mines.
Oil for gasoline and diesel is a limited resource - it will not last forever and is becoming more expensive.
If the electricity for a battery-electric vehicle comes from a renewable energy source, like a windmill, solar cells, geothermal or hydroelectric, then it will not produce as many global warming gases.
Disadvantages: Batteries do not store a lot of energy, and they are large and heavy, so the vehicles usually cannot go very far.
It takes a long time to recharge a battery, sometimes many hours.
Good batteries can be very expensive, and all batteries need to be replaced after a while.
Most electricity in the United States comes from coal or natural gas, so an electric vehicle that is powered by electricity from one of these plants will still add to global warming gases.
Daniel Weisiger Adams (May 1, 1821 – June 13, 1872) was a noted lawyer and a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.
Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume 1607-1896.
Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1963.
Lynchburg is an independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia.
It is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the banks of the James River.
Lynchburg is known as the "City of Seven Hills" and "The Hill City".
It is sometimes called "A City Unto Itself" because of the city's historical avoidance of State and Federal entanglements.
Electronic engineering is an engineering discipline that investigates the use of electricity and magnetism.
Electronic engineers are concerned with such processes as; the use of radio waves, the design of electronic circuits, the design of computer systems, and the development of control systems such as aircraft autopilots and other embedded systems.
The term electronic engineering started to emerge increasingly in the late 1950s.
Before World War II, electronic engineering was most commonly known as a 'radio engineering'.
At that time, studying radio engineering at a university was part of a physics degree.
Later, as other electronic devices were developed, the field broadened to include radar, television, audio systems, Hi-Fi and later computers and microprocessors.
In the mid to late 1950s, the term radio engineering gradually gave way to the name 'electronic engineering', which then became a stand-alone university degree subject.
Engineers must study the sciences of physics and mathematics as these help to understand systems and make them better.
Today most engineering work involves the use of computers and it is commonplace to use computer-aided technologies when designing electronics systems.
Some electronic engineers work in robotics.
George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 – June 25, 1876)  was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars.
At the start of the Civil War, Custer was a cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point, and his class's graduation was accelerated so that they could enter the war.
Custer graduated last in his class and served at the First Battle of Bull Run as a staff officer for Major General George B. McClellan in the Army of the Potomac's 1862 Peninsula Campaign.
Early in the Gettysburg Campaign, Custer's association with cavalry commander Major General Alfred Pleasonton earned him a brevet promotion from First Lieutenant to Brigadier General of United States Volunteers at the age of 23.
Custer Battlefield Museum
Little Bighorn History Alliance
Custerwest.org:Site For Traditional Scholarship
Kenneth M Hammer Collection on Custer and the Battle of the Little Big Horn, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
Irvine (Gaelic: Irbhinn) is a coastal new town in North Ayrshire, Scotland.
Irvine was the site of Scotland's 12th century Military Capital and former headquarters of the Lord High Constable of Scotland, Hugh de Morville.
It also served as the Capital of Cunninghame.
The town was once a haunt of Robert Burns, after whom two streets in the town are named: Burns Street and Burns Crescent.
He is known to have worked in a flax mill on the Glasgow Vennell.
Despite being classed as a new town, Irvine has had a long history stretching back many centuries and was classed as a Royal Burgh.
There are also conflicting rumours that Mary, Queen of Scots, was briefly involved in the town's history.
Some say she stayed briefly at Seagate Castle.
To this day there is still an annual festival, called Marymass, held in the town.
Irvine is the birthplace of the present Deputy First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon and the former First Minister of Scotland, Jack McConnell.
Its twin town is Saint-Amand-les-Eaux in northern France just outside Lille.
Towns in North Ayrshire
North Ayrshire (Gaelic: Siorrachd Inbhir Àir a Tuath, ) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland.
It borders onto the areas of Inverclyde to the north, Renfrewshire to the north east, and East Ayrshire, and South Ayrshire to the East and South respectively.
The area was created in 1996 as a successor to the district of Cunninghame which covered exactly the same boundaries.
The mainland portion of the council area has historically been part of a greater County of Ayr, however it also contains the islands of Arran, Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae in the lower Firth of Clyde.
All the islands were previously in the County of Bute.
Ardrossan
Barrmill
Bourtreehill
Beith
Chapeltoun
Cunninghamhead
Dalry
Dreghorn
Fairlie
Fergushill
Gateside, North Ayrshire
Girdle Toll
Hessilhead
Perceton
Portencross
Saltcoats
Seamill
Skelmorlie
Springside
West Kilbride
Arran
Blackwaterfoot
Lamlash
Lochranza
The Cumbraes
Millport
Secondary Schools In North Ayrshire
Ardrossan Academy, Ardrossan
St Andrew's Academy, Saltcoats (merged to form St Matthew's Academy)
Kilwinning Academy, Kilwinning
St Michael's Academy, Kilwinning (merged to form St Matthew's Academy)
Greenwood Academy, Irvine
Irvine Royal Academy, Irvine
Auchenharvie Academy, Stevenston
Largs Academy, Largs
St Matthew's Academy, Saltcoats
Garnock Academy
Eglinton Country Park, Irvine
Eglinton Tournament Bridge
Ardrossan Academy website
In the 1983 General Election he stood for the Ross, Cromarty & Skye constituency, then held by the Conservative MP and Minister, Hamish Gray.
In a shock result, Kennedy was elected (for the SDP): at 23, he became the youngest MP in the House of Commons.
Ambitious and popular, he quickly emerged as a potential party leader.
In 1994, by which time the SDP and the Liberal Party had merged, he became President of the Liberal Democrats - a position he held for four years.
In 1999, on the resignation of Paddy Ashdown, Kennedy was elected party leader.
He took the party through two General Elections.
However, he faced criticism for his laid-back leadership style, and there was considerable speculation regarding his alcohol consumption.
From December 2005, some within the party were questioning his leadership and calling for a leadership election.
On 5 January 2006, Kennedy was informed that ITN would be reporting that he had received treatment for a drinking problem.
Kennedy decided to pre-empt the broadcast and admit his drinking problem openly.
He called a leadership election at the same time, stating that he intended to stand.
The admission of a drinking problem seriously damaged his standing within the parliamentary party.
As support for him amongst this key group ebbed away, Kennedy resigned as leader on 7 January, saying that he would not be standing in the leadership election.
Deputy leader Sir Menzies Campbell took over as interim leader and was elected as leader on 2 March 2006.
Kennedy was born in Inverness, Scotland.
He was married to Sarah Gurling from 2002 until they divorced in 2010 and has a son.
Scottish journalists
Social Democratic Party MPs (UK)
East Ayrshire () is one of 32 council area of Scotland.
It borders North Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire, South Ayrshire and Dumfries and Galloway.
With South Ayrshire and the mainland areas of North Ayrshire, it formed the county of Ayrshire.
Main Towns
Kilmarnock is the largest town.
Other towns are New Cumnock and Cumnock.
Twin towns (Kilmarnock)
Sukhumi, Georgia.
Scottish Industrial Railway Centre
Stair House
Dean Castle
Auchinleck Academy
Loudoun Academy
Cumnock Academy
Doon Academy
St Josephs Academy
Stewarton Academy
East Ayrshire Council
East Ayrshire Forums - Tenants Portal (not associated with East Ayrshire Council)
Digital multimedia broadcasting, or DMB, is a technology that allows to send digital signals to mobile devices, such as mobile phones.
This makes it possible to listen to radio or watch television on such devices.
This technology was developed to replace earthly analog radio broadcasting.
But, the technology can include more data in limited electric waves.
It can transmit not only sound data that original object, but also DVD level movie data.
DMB is based on Eureka 147 DAB standard which is the European standard, and similar competing technologies is the mobile TV standard, DVB-H. The earthly DMB is decided to the ETSI standard (TS 102 427 and TS 102 428).
Now, Republic of Korea can exercise for source of the DMB technology, the satellite DMB broadcast first began in Japan than in the Republic of Korea.
In the March 13, 2004, TU Media playing a leading role in business and satellite DMB insert the world's first satellite for with Japan's partner, MBCo DMB 'hanbyeol'.
However, In Republic of Korea, selection process for operators was long and put off service, the MBCo in Japan became first DMB country to start the full service all 40 of the channel from 19 October 2004.
DMB in Republic of Korea
Now, the digital multimedia broadcasting is divided by transmitting and receiving method the earthly DMB and satellite DMB, earthly DMB is provided free of charge like current earthly radio broadcasting and the satellite DMB broadcast is provided in the form of the monthly fee.
In the Republic of Korea, TU media obtain permission for satellite DMB broadcasting and is broadcasting.
DMB can be received, when attach DMB receiver to the vehicle, or buy mobile phone has the ability to receive DMB, personal portable receiver or receiver which type of output to the monitor when connect personal computer.
But there was a problem that the satellite DMB and earthly DMB is not compatible with each other, so user should purchased each terminal separately.
However, the Samsung throw open the door to watch satellite DMB and earthly DMB one of the terminals by come out with SPH-B4100.
But TU Media side,the satellite DMB service provider rejected the plan, the possibility of the activation of these two-way receiving terminal is currently unclear.
A retrovirus is any virus which copies itself as part of the cell's DNA by reverse transcribing its RNA.
Since the cell cannot proofread the step in which RNA is converted back to DNA, errors often go unnoticed.
This changes the exact sequence of a retrovirus' RNA frequently.
This makes it harder for retroviruses to be attacked by drugs.
Retrovirology Scientific journal
Retroviruses at rcn.com
Hurricane Gilbert was a very powerful tropical cyclone which caused much damage to the Caribbean, Mexico and parts of South Texas in the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season.
Before Hurricane Wilma in 2005, Hurricane Gilbert was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic in terms of Barometric pressure.
This hurricane was similar to Hurricane Beulah and Hurricane Allen, but Hurricane Gilbert was unique in many ways.
Gilbert killed 341 people and left $5.5 billion in damage.
Similar storms to Hurricane Gilbert
In addition to Beulah and Allen, Hurricanes Charlie (1951), Emily during 2005 and Dean in 2007 had tracks similar to Hurricane Gilbert.
Emily and Dean were Category 5 hurricanes.
Because Gilbert left a powerful impact, the name Gilbert was retired.
The name "Gordon" was used in 1994, 2000, and 2006.
20th century in Venezuela
20th century in Jamaica
1980s in South America
Aberdour is a town in Fife, Scotland.
It is between Dalgety Bay and Burntisland.
Kirkcaldy is a large town in Fife, Scotland.
It is on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, almost opposite Edinburgh.
Rosyth is a town in Fife, Scotland.
It is between Inverkeithing and Dunfermline.
Naval Dockyard
Rosyth is most famous for its naval dockyard.
Superfast Ferries services between Rosyth and Zeebrugge (Belgium) ended in September, 2008, however they will be operated by another operator, Norfolkline, with services starting around May 2009.
Faro is the capital city of Algarve, Portugal.
The city has a population of 58,305 people.
Municipalities of Portugal
Homogeneity is a word that means being similar.
It is often applied to mixtures.
Mixtures that are homogeneous are those where it is not possible to tell the components they are made of by looking at them.
The mixture will also look the same everywhere.
Pure substances are homogeneous.
The rheas are flightless birds of the genus Rhea, native to South America.
They are ratites, which means they are large flightless birds with no keel to their breastbone or sternum.
The greater or American rhea (also called the 'Nandu') is a large, flightless bird from forests of South America.
This ratite is the largest bird in the Americas.
It is a fast runner; and when it runs, its neck is almost horizontal to the ground.
Rheas congregate in flocks of 20 to 30 birds.
The lesser or Darwin's rhea, Rhea pennata, is mostly found in the southern part of South America.
The female rhea lays 12-30 yellow-cream eggs in a clutch.
The male digs the nest (a simple scrape in the ground), incubates the eggs (for 6 weeks), and raises the chicks.
Rheas are mature at 2 years of age.
It was once thought that ratites were all one monophyletic group, which evolved together in Gondwana in the Upper Cretaceous.
Then they evolved in their separate ways as Gondwana split up, and the parts drifted apart.
The parts became the modern southern continents, plus Africa and the Indian subcontinent.
However, modern genetic analysis conflicts with this.
DNA analysis shows that the ratites diverged from one another too recently to share a common Gondwanian ancestor.
However, all analyses show that rheas and the living Australasian/Oceanian ratites are monophyletic.
Edward Porter Alexander (May 26, 1835 – April 28, 1910) was an engineer, an officer in the U.S. Army, a Confederate general in the American Civil War, and later a railroad executive, planter, and author.
Inventory of the Edward Porter Alexander Papers, 1852-1910, in the Southern Historical Collection, UNC-Chapel Hill
Photographs of Alexander
Washington (originally called Heard's Fort) is a city in Wilkes County, Georgia, United States.
The population was 4,295 at the 2000 census.
Araluen () is a small town 27 km south of Braidwood, New South Wales.
It is in the Southern Tablelands area of New South Wales, Australia.
It is in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council local government area.
It is on the banks of Araluen Creek.
The creek joins the Deua River.
The name 'Araluen' is an Australian Aboriginal word.
It is believed to mean 'water lily' or 'place of the water lilies'.
When European settlers arrived Araluen was a wide alluvial valley.
It had many billabongs covered with water lilies.
No billabongs exist in the Araluen valley today.
The natural shape and look of Araluen Creek and its valley were completely destroyed by uncontrolled and very destructive gold mining.
This took place during the 'gold rush' in the second half of the 1800s.
The first Europeans to explore the area were Kearns, Packer and Marsh in 1822.
Andrew Badgery started farming cattle in the area in the 1830s.
The first European settler to live at Araluen was Henry Burnell.
He was able to buy 1280 acres of land.
He started farming sheep and cattle in 1835.
With the help of convicts he was able to build a farm house and farm buildings.
Gold was found at Araluen by Alexander Waddell in September 1851.
Thousands of people came to Araluen to look for gold during the gold rush.
This included many Chinese gold miners.
One of these miners was Quong Tart who came to Araluen when he was only nine years old.
He later became a famous business man in Sydney.
In the 1860s there were more than 20 hotels in Araluen.
The gold was alluvial gold, found in the bottom of the creeks.
In some places there was up to 12 metres of dirt and sand on top of the gold.
In the 1870s the gold miners used hydraulic sluices (high pressure water hoses) to wash away all the sand and dirt.
Big floating dredges (digging machines) were put in the creek.
There were 11 there in the 1900s.
The last dredge stopped working in 1932.
A flood in the Araluen and Braidwood area killed 24 people on January 1, 1860.
The flood destroyed the town.
After the gold rush was over most people left the town.
The Court House, built about 1861, is now used as a place for tourists to stay.
In May 1865 the bushranger Ben Hall and his gang tried to hold up the Araluen gold coach.
The coach carried gold from the Araluen gold fields to Braidwood.
This was a very steep road and very hard for a wagon pulled by horses to travel along.
Often the only way to goods in and out of the valley was to drag them up or down on sleds.
The wagons could not go very fast, so this was a good spot for the bushrangers to rob the coach.
The gold coach usually had a policeman with a gun sitting next to the driver.
The coach has been restored and is on display at the Braidwood Museum)
The police were able to keep the bushrangers away from the coach, but Constable Kelly was wounded in the shooting.
Fruit farms
The Araluen valley is now well known for its fruit farms and orchards.
The fruit is sent to Canberra, Sydney and to other countries.
Arts and Poetry
Australian poet, Henry Kendall (1839-1882), wrote a poem called Araluen.
This describes the quiet and peaceful mood of the valley.
It includes the words "Araluen -- home of dreams...".
He also called his first daughter Araluen.
She was named after the Araluen Creek.
She died in 1870 at the age of 13 months.
In November every year, the Braidwood Folk Music club have a weekend of folk music called Music at the Creek.
This is held at the Majors Creek reserve, near the site of the Ben Hall robbery.
The Araluen Zieria (Zieria adenophora), is a small shrub about 50cm tall and 50 cm wide.
It is only found in one place, a slope above the Araluen Creek.
There are only 56 known plants.
It has been listed as Endangered under the Australian government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
It is also listed by the New South Wales Government, Endangered (Schedule 1, Part 1) on the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.
There is now a plan to protect the plant.
These plans include:
A fence to keep out wild goats
Stopping any building or disturbing the site
Studying the plant
Trying to grow new plants in other places
Looking for the plants in other places.
Bill Henson (born 7 October 1955) is an Australian art photographer.
Bill Henson's works provoked a controversy; at one of his exhibitions, police found images of nude teenagers.
Police first wanted to charge Henson for child pornography, but then did not.
Instead, the exhibition was rated "parental guidance".
This means that people under 16 should be accompanied by their parents.
Artists from Victoria (Australia)
Kempen is a town in Germany.
It is about 30 km northwest of Düsseldorf, and 20 km east of Venlo.
It was once a center of textile making, silk, cotton, and linen.
The Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) is the only parrot which cannot fly.
It lives in grassland, scrubland and coastal regions of New Zealand, but is now so rare they can only be seen on protected offshore islands.
Kakapo means 'night parrot' in the Maori language.
Kakapos are most active at night (nocturnal), and like to be alone.
To keep other kakapos out of their territory, they make a 'skraaarking' sound.
The Kakapo can live for about 60 years.
Kakapo are herbivores.
They eat roots, seeds, leaves, bugs, small pine cones, fruit, and flowers.
Unlike other parrots, male kakapos gather together to compete with the other males and to call females with a deep booming sound.
There are 2 to 3 eggs in each set of eggs laid.
The eggs are laid in a hollow part of a tree.
The female incubates the eggs for 10 weeks.
She only leaves the eggs when she leaves to find food.
Kakapo had almost no natural animals that wanted to eat it on the islands of New Zealand where they live, and lost the ability to fly.
At one time there were many kakapo.
Now only about 150 kakapo still live in New Zealand.
It is a critically endangered species.
The decrease in the number of kakapo is mostly from predatory animals (for example, cats, dogs, stoats, ferrets, and rats) that settlers brought with them to New Zealand.
The kakapo was also eaten by Maori and European settlers.
Before humans brought mammals like cats and stoats, the main predator of the kakapo was flying birds of prey.
Birds of prey find animals to eat by looking for them from high above.
But cats and stoats can find animals to eat by smelling them.
Standing still did not help the kakapo escape from cats and stoats.
At one point, kakapo were almost wiped out.
Conservation efforts began in the 1890s, but they were not very successful until the Kakapo Recovery Plan in the 1980s.
As of January 2009, surviving Kakapos are kept on two predator-free islands, Codfish (Whenua Hou) and Anchor islands, where they are closely monitored.
Two large Fiordland islands, Resolution and Secretary, have been prepared  as self-sustaining ecosystems for the Kakapo.
The conservation of the Kakapo has made the species well known.
Many books and documentaries detailing the plight of the Kakapo have been produced in recent years, one of the earliest being Two in the Bush, made by Gerald Durrell for the BBC in 1962.
A feature-length documentary, won two major awards at the Reel Earth Environmental Film Festival.
Two of the most significant documentaries, both made by NHNZ, are Kakapo - Night Parrot (1982) and To Save the Kakapo (1997).
The BBC's Natural History Unit also featured the Kakapo, including a sequence with Sir David Attenborough in The Life of Birds.
It was also one of the endangered animals that Douglas Adams and Mark Carwardine set out to find for the radio series and book Last Chance to See.
An updated version of the series has been produced for BBC TV, in which Stephen Fry and Carwardine revisit the animals to see how they are getting on almost 20 years later, and in January 2009, they spent time filming the Kakapo on Codfish Island.
Stud poker has neither community cards nor blinds.
Instead, each player at the table must ante first, and then is dealt two cards face down (hole cards) and one card face up.
In typical stud games, the player with the lowest card showing must pay the ‘bring in,’ an amount relative to the limits, which starts off the action.
The bring in is typically a fraction of the limits, (for example, the bring in for a $1/2 stud game may be $.25), with play then continuing clockwise around the table, where players have the choice of folding, calling the bring in, or making the bet ‘complete’ (in our example, completing the bet to $1).
Once a bring in has been completed, it can be raised by a subsequent player, doubling the amount to twice the completed bet.
Each player remaining in the hand is then dealt another card face up, with the betting beginning with the player showing the highest two cards and proceeding clockwise around the table.
Again, players can fold, call, or raise the bet.
In a five card stud game, players are dealt two hole cards facedown, then two cards face up, with the fifth card being dealt facedown.
In a seven card stud game, players are dealt two hole cards facedown, then four cards face up, with the seventh card being dealt facedown.
Each round of betting is typically referred to by the number of cards a player has in front of them.
After the initial deal, players are considered to be betting on ‘third street’, represented by having three cards in front of them.
After the fourth card is dealt, players would then be on ‘fourth street’, and so on.
Stud poker is generally played as a limit game.
General variations
Five Card stud
Stud Poker Variations
Seven Card Stud Rules
Gundagai is a town in New South Wales, Australia.
It is a small town, but authors often write about Gundagai.
It is seen to be the typical Australian country town.
It is built on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River.
It is near the Muniong and Yambla Mountain ranges.
Gundagai is 390 km south-west of Sydney.
Gundagai is part of the  Gundagai Shire Council Local Government Area.
In 2006 there were 1,998 people living in Gundagai.
Parkes is a city in New South Wales, Australia.
In 2006 there were 9,826 people living in Parkes.
It is the centre and main city of the Local Government Area of Parkes Shire.
Parkes is on the main Australian transcontinental railway line between Sydney and Perth.
The Newell Highway between Victoria and Queensland goes through the city.
Parkes today
Parkes has had an important role in science.
it is the home of the Parkes Radio Telescope.
As well as local research done at the radio telescope, Parkes scientists have helped NASA.
For several missions the telescope was the Southern Hemisphere relay and communications station.
The movie The Dish was based on the job of the telescope during the 1969 Apollo 11 moon landing.
There are many different kinds of farms around Parkes.
Most farms are growing wheat and sheep.
Parkes was an important transport centre after the railway was built in 1893.
Many passenger and freight trains stopped at Parkes up until the 1980s.
Governments began cutting back the NSW country rail systems and the trains are no longer an important part of Parkes.
One company, FCL has a big train and truck transport centre at Gooobang Junction on Parkes' western edge.
It was opened on 20 October 2006 by NSW Premier Morris Iemma.
Specialised Container Transport's transport terminal is built on a 296 hectare site.
It has 5 km of railway sidings, a 7,400 square metre warehouse and about 40 people work there.
An even larger terminal to be built nearby is also being planned.
Over the years governments and businesses have talked about making Parkes an "inland port".
Parkes Regional Airport would be made much bigger.
This would become a starting point for goods coming from Australia and other countries that were to be sent to places in NSW, Victoria and Queensland.
All the studies have been done, agreements to start building have been made, some land has been bought.
The Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW has the Western Regional Office built in Parkes.
Country Energy which supplies electricity and gas has a training and maintenance (repair) centre.
Many people come to Parkes to see the CSIRO radio telescope which is 20km north of town on the Newell Highway.
other things to see are Bushmans Hill, and the War Memorial Lookout.
Nearby there is the Goobang National Park, and Peak Hill.
peak Hill has an open cut mine (a big hole in the ground) that can be visited during holidays.
There are also many great parks.
Parkes was started as a settlement in 1853.
It was first called Currajong after the many kurrajong trees in the local area.
After a while it was called Bushman's after the local gold mine named Bushman's Lead.
In 1873  the town was renamed to Parkes in honour of Sir Henry Parkes.
He is called the "Father of the Federation".
Sir Henry Parkes is famous in Australia for getting Australia to become one country in 1901.
Before this Australia was made up of separate British colonies.
A lot of people came to Parkes in the gold rush of the 1870s.
There are still mining companies with sites in the local area.
Parkes has a dry climate.
The winter temperatures are rarely lower than 0 degrees Celsius during the night.
In summer daytime temperatures can be as high as 40 to 45 degrees Celsius.
Temperatures in the low to mid-30s are most common.
Parkes has a local bus service run by Western Road Liners.
It took over from Harris Bus Lines in March 2006.
The Indian Pacific train also stops twice a week.
The Broken Hill Outback Xplorer service, run by CountryLink, goes to Broken Hill on Mondays and to Sydney on Tuesdays.
Parkes railway station is situated on the Broken Hill railway line.
It was opened in 1893.
There was also a small station at Parkes Racecourse from 1923 to 1937.
Famous people born in the Parkes District, NSW
Stephen Davies (b. 1969), Australian field hockey player
David Nash, linguist
Scott Westcott, Commonwealth Marathon Runner
James Pritchard, International Rugby Player
Parkes hosts a yearly Elvis Presley Festival in early January to celebrate Elvis Presley's birthday.
The first festival, held in 1993, was a one night show with 200 people coming along.
Over the next few years more events were added and the festival was extended to two days.
By January 2005 the 3,500 people came to the festival.
In January 2006 there were 5,000 going to the festival.
It brought about $8 million into Parkes.
The 2007 festival had over 60 events and was held over 5 days.
More than 6,000 visitors attended.
A new world record was set for the most Elvis impersonators (people trying to look like Elvis) in one place.
SBS TV made a half-hour film about the festival.
It was called Elvis Lives in Parkes.
It was shown on Australian TV on 10 January 2007.
The festival is still getting bigger with more than 8,000 visitors in 2008.
Weddings Parties Anything (sometimes called WPA and Weddoes) were an Australian folk rock band.
They started in 1984 in Melbourne, Victoria.
The band stopped playing together in 1998.
They took their name from The Clash song "Revolution Rock".
Music expert Billy Pinnell said their first album Scorn of the Women was the best first Australian rock album since Skyhooks' album Living in the '70s.
Scorn of the Women - WEA (1987) #52 AUS
Roaring Days - WEA (1988) #46 AUS
The Big Don't Argue - WEA (1989) #63 AUS
No Show Without Punch - (Utility Records - UK release) (1990)
The Weddings Play Sports (and Falcons) - Virgin Records (1990) #95 AUS
Difficult Loves - rooArt (1992) #26 AUS
King Tide - rooArt (1993)
Donkey Serenade - WPA/Oz (1995)
River'esque/Garage Sale - Mushroom Records (1997)
Trophy Night: The Best Of Weddings Parties Anything / Benched - Mushroom Records (1998)
They Were Better Live - Mushroom Records (1999)
Singles/EPs
Weddings Parties Anything (EP) Suffering Tram (1985) - 1,000 copies
"Sergeant Small"(live)/"Go!
Shift!"(live) Suffering Tram (1986) - 600 copies
"Away, Away"/"Bourgeois Blues" WEA (1987) #92 AUS
"Hungry Years"/"The Swans Return" WEA (1987)
"Shotgun Wedding"/"Australia Goodnight"/"The Bells of Rhymney" WEA (1987)
"Goat Dancing on the Tables" (EP) WEA (1988)
"Say The Word"/"Bright Lights Tonight" WEA (1988)
"Tilting At Windmills"/" Misfits" (Kinks cover) WEA (1988)
"Darlin' Please" (1989)
"Streets Of Forbes"/"Missing In Action" WEA (1989)
"The Wind And The Rain"/"Marie Provost" WEA (1989)
"Reckless"/"The Great North West" Virgin (1990)
"Father's Day" (1991) #35 AUS
"Monday's Experts" (1992)
"Step In, Step Out"/"Shores of Americay"/"Wrapped Up and Blue"/"Over in the West" rooArt (1992) #60 AUS
"The Rain In My Heart"/"Chewin' On Her Fingernails"/"Everybody Moves"/"All Over Bar the Shouting"/"Everywhere I Go" rooArt(1993)
"Island Of Humour"/Bring 'em Home" rooArt (1994)
"Luckiest Man"/"Lights Of Devonport"/"Reason To Believe"/"Sweet Thames Flow Softly" Mushroom Records (1996)
"Don't Need Much" (1997)
"Anthem"/"Traffic Goes By" Mushroom Records (1998)
DVD/Video
Live in Richmond/Christmas at the Central Club VHS - An 18 song live recording at the Central Club in Melbourne, 1993.
The video also contains interviews with members of the band in between songs.
Into Time On VHS - 20 song recording of the band playing at the Metropolis Nightclub in Perth on Friday, October 16, 1998.
Siren VHS - Live recording of the band's last official performance at the Belvoir Amphitheatre in Perth, in January 1999.
Long Time Between Drinks DVD/CD - Recorded live at the Queenscliff Music Festival, November 2006.
Extras include Music Videos & Roaring Days film.
Released in December 2007.
1984 establishments in Australia
20th-century disestablishments in Australia
Minks are small, short-legged members of the Mustelid family.
The mink is an aggressive mammal that is adapted to a semi-aquatic life.
Mink live in swamps, rivers, marshes, lakes and streams in North America, Europe, and the far west of Asia.
Mink have a life span of about 8 to 10 years.
The common name 'mink' includes animals in two different genera on two different continents.
Minks are carnivores (meat-eaters).
They eat small mammals (like mice, rats and muskrats), frogs, crayfish, fish, insects, eggs, and ducks.
The breeding season is April to May.
It takes 45 to 52 days after mating for birth to take place.
A mink litter normally has 6 to 10 cubs (kittens).
The Id, ego, and super-ego are ideas created by Sigmund Freud.
They are three concepts used to explain the way the human mind works.
Freud describes the human mind as interaction of id, ego, super-ego.
The ego, and to some extent the super-ego, is conscious or on the surface.
The id remains unconscious.
Together they make up the personality.
The id, ego and super-ego are functions of the mind, not parts of the brain.
They do not correspond one-to-one with actual structures of the kind dealt with by neuroscience.
The id represents a constant in the personality as it is always present.
The id is governed by the 'pleasure principle'.
Early in the development of his theory Freud saw sexual energy as the only source of energy for the id. After the tragedy of World War I, however, Freud felt it necessary to add another instinct to the id. So, he proposed thanatos, the death instinct.
Thanatos accounts for the instinctual violent urges of humankind.
Obviously, the rest of the personality would have somehow to deal with these two instincts.
By adding thanatos, he could describe more mental phenomena.
His idea of id had wide influence.
"It is the dark, inaccessible part of our personality... It is filled with energy reaching it from the instincts, but it has no organisation, produces no collective will, but only a striving to bring about the satisfaction of the instinctual needs subject to the observance of the pleasure principle".105/6
The ego is the sense of self and the surface of the personality, the part you usually show the world.
The ego is governed by the 'reality principle', or a practical approach to the world.
It seeks to turn the id’s drive to behaviour which brings benefits in the long term rather than grief.
The ego separates out what is real.
It helps us to organise our thoughts and make sense of them and the world around us.
"The ego is that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world ... The ego represents what may be called reason and common sense, in contrast to the id, which contains the passions ... in its relation to the id it is like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse; with this difference, that the rider tries to do so with his own strength, while the ego uses borrowed forces".363/4
But the ego "serves three severe masters...the external world, the super-ego and the id".110 Its task is to find a balance between primitive drives and reality while satisfying the id and super-ego. "
Thus the ego, driven by the id, confined by the super-ego, repulsed by reality, struggles...[in] bringing about harmony among the forces and influences working in and upon it, and readily 'breaks out in anxiety".110/1
Super-Ego
The Super-ego aims for perfection and the ideal outcome.
It comprises that part of the personality, mainly unconscious, which includes the individual's ego ideals, spiritual goals, and the psychic agency (commonly called "conscience") that criticises and prohibits his or her drives, fantasies, feelings, and actions.
"The Super-ego can be thought of as a type of conscience that punishes misbehavior with feelings of guilt.
For example: having extra-marital affairs".
The superego consists of two parts, the conscience and the ego-ideal.
The conscience is the familiar metaphor of angel and devil on each shoulder.
The conscience decides what course of action one should take.
The ego-ideal is an idealized view of one's self.
Comparisons are made between the ego-ideal and one's actual behavior.
Both parts of the super-ego develop through experience with others or via social interactions.
According to Freud, a strong super-ego serves to inhibit the biological instincts of the id, while a weak super-ego gives in to the id's urgings.
Further, the levels of guilt in the two cases above will be high and low, respectively.
MTV Unplugged in New York is a live album by the American rock band Nirvana.
It was recorded on November 18, 1993 as a part of the MTV Unplugged television series, which many artists and bands perform on with acoustic instruments instead of electric ones.
It was released on November 1, 1994, six months after the band had broken up because of the death of Kurt Cobain, who was the lead singer and guitarist.
It was unusual compared to other artists on the MTV Unplugged series, because Nirvana played mostly their less-famous songs and cover versions of other artists' songs.
Most artists on the program played mainly their hits.
This was unusual because it was a live album.
The singles were "About a Girl", "The Man Who Sold the World", "Where Did You Sleep Last Night", and "Lake of Fire".
All of these except for "About a Girl" were covers.
"Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam" (The Vaselines cover)
"The Man Who Sold the World" (David Bowie cover)
"Polly"
"On a Plain"
"Something in the Way"
"Plateau" (Meat Puppets cover)
"Oh Me" (Meat Puppets cover)
"Lake of Fire" (Meat Puppets cover)
"All Apologies"
"Where Did You Sleep Last Night" (traditional; Lead Belly version cover)
MTV Unplugged albums
Many of them were murdered by relatives, enemies, friends, and soldiers.
Julio–Claudian dynasty
Flavian dynasty
Year of the Five Emperors and Severan dynasty
The Dominate: Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty
Valentinianic dynasty
Theodosian dynasty
Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium
Salicaceae is a family of flowering plants.
Each plant has either staminate or pistillate catkins.
The flowers have no petals or sepals.
Each has a small scale-like bract below it.
These developing catkins on willows form the well-known "pussy-willow" branches.
Except for two species of Populas (Cottonwood), all the members of Salicaceae in the Bay Area are of the genera Salix (Willows).
Krist Anthony Novoselic (born May 16, 1965) is an American rock musician.
He is most famous for being the bass player for the grunge band Nirvana with Kurt Cobain and Dave Grohl.
When Cobain died in 1994, Nirvana broke up.
Grohl moved on to form the band Foo Fighters, and Novoselic has been mostly involved in politics.
He was also the bassist for the American punk band Flipper between 2006 and 2009.
Novoselic was born in Compton, California.
He was raised in San Pedro, Los Angeles.
The Hush Sound is an indie rock band originally known as The Hush.
They changed their name when they found out that there was a rapper called "The Hush."
The Hush Sound has released three albums.
Their first album, So Sudden, was released in 2005.
Their second album was released in 2006, titled Like Vines.
Goodbye Blues, their third and latest album, and was recorded in released in March 2008.
By the start of 2005, the band had formed properly with all its members.
They had decided that piano and drums were not enough and looked for bass and guitar.
Pete Wentz from Fall Out Boy came across the band's music and liked what he heard.
He expressed interest in signing them onto his record label.
The Hush Sound had their first major tour in 2006.
It was called Black Clouds and Underdogs.
Other bands included Fall Out Boy and Hawthorne Heights.
Official Fansite
A piggy bank is used to collect coins.
It is shaped like pig and comes in various colors and sizes.
It is often used by parents to teach their children how to save money.
It is not certain about why it is a called piggy bank and how it was started.
Some people say that "Piggy" was "Pygg" at first.
Pygg is a clay that was used to make a bowl or vase to store salt or money.
da:Sparebøsse#Sparegris
Doenjang is a Korean soybean paste.
It is salty and savory, and is used to season many kinds of Korean food.
It is similar to Miso, Japanese soybean paste.
The history of Doenjang begins before the period of three kingdoms.
Books from the Chosun dynasty explain the way to make good Doenjang, saying that if doenjang in a house tastes bad, food in the house tastes bad.
This means doenjang has been an important food in Korea for a long time.
The main ingredients of Doenjang are sea water and Meju.
The basic way to make Doenjang is to take Mejus and put them into big jars with sea water.
Bad bacteria and odor are removed by adding charcoal and sun-dried chili peppers.
Liquid is then taken out to make Korean soy sauce.
This sauce takes about 20 to 30 days to make.
The Mejus are taken out from the jar and tempered.
Salt and soy sauce is added on this paste and the paste is put in jars again.
After sun-drying for several days, it becomes Doenjang.
There are several kinds of Doenjang; Chungukjang, Makjang, Dambukjang, BbamjangBbagaejang, Patjang, Jipjang, Garoojang, and Borijang.
Each is made in different ways using different ingredients or at different times of the year.
For example, Chungukjang is made within two to three days, whereas the other take longer time to make.
Patjang uses red bean.
Makjang is made in Spring.
Many traditional Korean foods, which are well known as healthy food, uses Doenjang as their ingredients.
Doenjang Jjigae and Chungukjang JJigae are examples of this.
According to recent research, Doenjang has several materials that prevent cancer.
Doenjang is very nutritious.
Since Doenjang is a fermented food like yogurt and cheese, it is said that the older it is, the better it is.
KM.Hwang et al.,
Doenjang Extract Has Anticancer Activity and Induces Apoptosis in AGS Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma, Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Vol.10 No.2, 2005.
Cancer Weekly, Doenjang's active compounds are genistein and linoleic acid, published on 2003.
Ioannina  is a Greek town in the northwest of Greece, in Ipiros district.
Ioannina is the capital of Ioannina prefecture and Ipiros periphery.
67,384 people live there.
Ioannina is built on the bank of Pamvotida lake.
Around Ioannina there are many tall mountains.
Beside the town is Mitsikeli mountain.
In the east of Ioannina is the Pindos range.
Ioannina's lake
Ioannina is built next to the lake which is named Pamvotida or Ioannina's lake.
Ioannina has a small port on the lake which connects Ioannina with the island of the lake.
The island of the lake is a small island with very importants monuments and buildings.
These buildings have been built during Ottoman period and Byzantine period.
Sites of interest
Ioannina has many places of interest.
The most interesting place is the castle beside the lake.
Many old churches are also very interesting places.
There are many interesting sites on the lake's island about which we mentioned above.
Lamia is a Greek city in the center of Greece.
According to the 2001 census, 50,551 people lived there.
Lamia is build at the foot of the hill on the top of which there is a castle.
During the Middle Ages Lamia was named Zitouni but today is named with its ancient name, Lamia.
Around Lamia there is a big plain, so Lamia is an agricultural city.