the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
A hominine is a member of the subfamily Homininae: gorillas, chimpanzees, humans (excludes orangutans).
A hominin is a member of the tribe Hominini: including humans.
A hominan is a little used term for a sub-tribe.
A human is a member of Homo sapiens.
The word is sometimes also used to refer to any extinct member of the genus Homo or members from other hominan genera.
A humanoid is a vaguely human-shaped entity; the term is typically used in science fiction.
The dispute is really about whether humans and Australopithecines are sufficiently different from chimpanzees to rank as a separate family.
In morphology and life style they are, in genetics they are not.
A move from rainforest to savannah and woodland led first to bipedalism (walking on two feet).
Later, hunting and social needs led to larger brains and the making and use of tools.
These differences between human beings and the other great apes are certainly important.
However, a genetically based taxonomic classification shows the genetic differences are not enough to divide us into separate families.
Genetics, rather than morphology, is generally more widely accepted as the critical standard.
However, many scientists, including anthropologists, use the term "hominid" to mean humans and their direct and near-direct ancestors.
The Treaty of Berlin was a part of the Congress of Berlin (June 13-July 13, 1878).
In it, the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire wrote the Treaty of San Stefano.
The most important problem in the treaty was deciding what would happen to the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
However, Russia insisted that Bulgaria should not be mentioned in the treaty.
The Treaty of San Stefano had created a huge Bulgarian state, which was just what the United Kings and Austria-Hungary did not want since Russia would become too powerful.
The treaty stated that Romania, Serbia and Montenegro were to become independent.
The Ottoman province of Bosnia-Herzegovina was to be occupied by Austria-Hungary.
The three newly-independent states soon declared themselves to be kingdoms (Romania in 1881, Serbia in 1882 and Montenegro in 1910).
Austria-Hungary officially took over Bosnia in 1908, which caused a major European crisis.
1870s in the United Kingdom
Berlin 1878
19th century in Berlin
The 2007 enlargement of the European Union joined Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union.
It happened on 1 January 2007.
The Treaty of Accession was signed on April 25, 2005 at Luxembourg, Neumünster Abbey.
It was the seventh time the Union accepted new members.
Since 1989, Bulgaria and Romania wanted to be a part of the European Union (EU).
and put forward to become members in 1995.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania
Government of Romania
Ministry of European Integration
Gateway to the European Union
Infoeuropa Centre
21st century in Romania
The National Bank of Romania (, BNR) is the central bank of Romania.
It started in April 1880.
It is in the capital city, Bucharest.
The bank's first governor was Eugeniu Carada.
In 1916, the Central Powers invaded Romania.
All valuable objects of the National Bank of Romania and the Romanian Treasure were sent to Moscow for safekeeping.
On July 28, 1959, an armed group of six members of the Romanian Communist Party stole from an armored car of the National Bank of Romania 1,600,000 lei (about US$250,000  at 1959 prices).
to control the supply of money and its exchange with other currencies
to control banks and make sure the economy is stable
to control how much money goes in and out of Romania
1880 establishments in Europe
Based on the treaty, Maria Theresa gave most of Silesia to Frederick.
This treaty, along with the Treaty of Breslau, officially ended the First Silesian War.
The Columbia Encyclopedia: War of the Austrian Succession
Encyclopedia Britannica: The War of the Austrian Succession 1740-1748
Berlin 1742
Based on the treaty, Samoa became independent and was allowed to choose its own king to rule it.
However, the king would be advised by the United States, Great Britain, and Germany.
In 1899, the treaty was replaced by the Treaty of Berlin (1899).
WHKMLA: History of Samoa, 1830-1899
Berlin 1889
19th century in Oceania
1889 in the United States
The Treaty of Berlin  was signed on 14 November 1899 between the United States, Germany, and the British.
Before the treaty was signed, the British, Germans, and Americans wanted Samoa to trade with.
Based on the treaty, Samoa was divided between Germany and the United States.
Western Samoa went to Germany, while Eastern Samoa went to the United States.
Gray, J. (1960).
Amerika Samoa: A History of American Samoa and Its United States Naval Administration Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute.
Townsend, M. E. (1921).
Origins of Modern German Colonialism: 1871 - 1885 Vol.
98 No.
Columbia University, New York: Howard Fertig, Inc. Edition 1974.
Annexation of Samoa
WHKMLA: Samoa, 1830-1899
History of Samoa - R.M. Watson
Berlin 1899
1899 in the United States
1890s in the United Kingdom
The Treaty of Berlin (1921) was between the United States and Germany.
The US did not agree with parts of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles and wanted to sign a different treaty.
Text of the Treaty
1921 in Europe
1921 in the United States
Berlin 1921
The Treaty of Berlin was signed on 24 April 1926.
It was between Germany and the Soviet Union.
Each promised to stay neutral if another country attacked them for the next five years.
The Text of the Agreement
Berlin 1926
Nome is a city on the southern Seward Peninsula coast on Norton Sound of the Bering Sea.
It is in the Nome Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.
The city of Nome claims to be home to the world's largest gold pan.
But the Canadian city of Quesnel, British Columbia also says they do.
In the winter of 1925, there was a diphtheria epidemic among Inuit in the Nome area.
Blizzard conditions made delivery of a life-saving serum by airplane from Anchorage impossible.
A serum run to Nome by dog sled teams delivered the serum.
The sled driver of the final leg of the relay was the Norwegian-born Gunnar Kaasen; his lead sled dog was Balto.
The annual Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race commemorates this historic event.
Nome is home to Alaska's oldest newspaper, the Nome Nugget.
Miaphysitism (or henophysitism) is an idea about the nature of Christ.
The idea says that Jesus Christ had two different aspects, one godly, and one human.
It says these two aspects are united in one nature.
They are indistinguishable, and they co-exist.
This is very close to the idea of dualism which says that the mind and the body are separate things that combine to make one unit, the person.
In the case of miaphysitism, the separate things are Jesus' divine and human traits.
Monophysitism is an idea about the nature of Jesus Christ.
It says that Christ only has one nature, namely the divine one.
Eutychianism
Apollinarism
Apollinarism or Apollinarianism says that Christ had a human body and human "living principle" but that the Divine Logos had taken the place of the nous, or "thinking principle" .
This is analogous but not identical to what might be called a mind in the present day.
After Nestorianism, taught by Nestorius, Archbishop of Constantinople, was refused at the First Council of Ephesus, Eutyches, an archimandrite at Constantinople came up with new views.
Monophysitism and Eutyches were also refused at the Council of Chalcedon in 451.
Monophysitism is also rejected by the Oriental Orthodox Churches, but was widely accepted in Syria, the Levant, and Egypt.
This caused many tensions in the early days of the Byzantine Empire.
Later, Monothelitism was developed as an attempt to bridge the gap between the Monophysite and the Chalcedonian position, but it too was rejected by the members of the Chalcedonian synod, despite at times having the support of the Byzantine emperors and one of the Popes of Rome, Honorius I.  Some are of the opinion that Monothelitism was at one time held by the Maronites, but the Maronite community, for the most part, dispute this, stating that they have never been out of communion with the Catholic Church.
Nestorius (; c. 386–c. 451) was Archbishop of Constantinople from 10 April 428 to 22 June 431.
His views were popular in the East.
Nestorius objected to the popular custom calling the Mary (the mother of Jesus), Theotokos, meaning the mother of god.
He believed that Jesus had two parts, one human and one divine.
This belief, now called Nestorianism, was different to those held by Cyril of Alexandria, who said that Jesus was both man and god at once.
Nestorius said that Cyril was a heretic.
At the Council of Ephesus he wanted Cyril charged with heresy.
Most of the bishops who agreed with Nestorius came from the eastern churches, and did not arrive at the council meeting before the decision was made.
Most of the bishops who were at the meeting agreed with Cyril, and Nestorius was removed from his position as archbishop and sent into exile in Egypt.
In the east, the churches still supported Nestorius, and did not accept his removal.
As a result, they set up their own group of churches, known as the Assyrian Church of the East, in Persia.
380s births
450s deaths
Archbishops
Eastern Christians
Syrian Christians
A list of cities in Italy.
Cities in bold text are capitals of provinces.
The Night of the Long Knives (German: ) or "Operation Hummingbird" () was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany.
It happened between 30 June and 2 July 1934 when the Nazi regime executed at least 90 people for political reasons.
Most of those killed were members of the "Storm Troopers" (SA) (German: ).
Adolf Hitler moved against the SA and its leader, Ernst Röhm, because he saw the independence of the SA and the penchant of its members for street violence as a direct threat to his power.
Hitler also wanted to forestall any move by leaders of the Reichswehr, the German military, who both feared and despised the SA, to curtail his rule, especially since Röhm made no secret of his ambition to absorb the Reichswehr with himself at its head.
The night of long Knives
Bistriţa-Năsăud (; Hungarian: Beszterce-Naszód) is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania.
The capital of Bistriţa-Năsăud County is Bistriţa.
Bistriţa-Năsăud County has an area of 5,355 km².
The main river that flows through Bistriţa-Năsăud County is the Someşul Mare River.
Bistriţa
Beclean
Năsăud
Sângeorz-Băi
Botoşani () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Moldavia.
The capital of Botoşani County is Botoşani.
Dorohoi
Darabani
Săveni
Flămânzi
Bucecea
The Perito Moreno Glacier () is a glacier in the southwest of Santa Cruz province, Argentina.
It is one of the most important tourist attractions in the Argentine Patagonia.
The 250 km² ice formation, of 30 km in length, is one of 48 glaciers fed by the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in the Andes system shared with Chile.
This icefield is the world's third largest reserve of fresh water.
The Perito Moreno Glacier is one of only three Patagonian glaciers that are not retreating.
Periodically the glacier advances over the L-shaped "Lago Argentino" ("Argentine Lake").
when it reaches the opposite shore, it forms a natural dam which separates the two halves of the lake.
With no escape route, the water-level on the Brazo Rico side of the lake can rise by up to 30 meters above the level of the main lake.
The enormous pressure produced by this mass of waters finally breaks the ice barrier holding it back, in a spectacular rupture event.
This dam/rupture cycle is not regular and it naturally recurs at any frequency between once a year to less than once a decade.
The Perito Moreno glacier,  from El Calafate, was named after the explorer Francisco Moreno, a pioneer who studied the region in the 19th century and played a major role in defending the territory of Argentina in the conflict surrounding the international border dispute with Chile.
Glacier Perito Moreno LIVE '08  (Español, English, Français, Portugues)
Associated Press on the March 2006 breach
Santa Cruz Sub Secretary Of Tourism
Panoramic virtual tour of Perito Moreno
Uhland is a city in Caldwell and Hays counties in the U.S. state of Texas.
There were 386 people living in Uhland as of the year 2006.
Uhalnd
Catania is a city in the region of Sicily in Italy.
It is on the east coast of Sicily, between Messina and Syracuse.
It is the capital of the Province of Catania.
313.110 people live in and over 800,000 around Catania.
This makes it the second largest city in Sicily.
As of December 2007, 298,957 people were living in Catania.
47,2% are male and 52,8% are female.
20,5% are younger than 18 years and 18,9% are pensioners.
Between 2002 and 2007 3,35% of the people left the city.
Nearly everyone is Catholic.
Twin towns - sister cities
Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Grenoble, France (1961)
Messina (in sicilian Missìna) is a city in the region of Sicily.
It is the capital of the Province of Messina.
About 250,000 people live in and about 500,000 people live around Messina.
This makes it the third-largest city in Sicily.
Skara Brae () is a large stone-built Neolithic settlement on the Bay of Skaill on the west coast of mainland Orkney, Scotland.
It consists of ten houses, and was occupied from roughly 3100–2500BC.
It is Europe's most complete Neolithic village.
The level of preservation is such that it is a main part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney.
This is one of four UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Scotland, the others being the Old Town and New Town of Edinburgh; New Lanark in South Lanarkshire; and St Kilda in the Western Isles.
Discovery and features
The outline of several of stone buildings was revealed and initial excavations were undertaken by William Watt, the laird of Skaill.
It was fully excavated between 1928 and 1930 by Vere Gordon Childe following another storm in 1926.
Edinburgh Old & New towns
The Antonine Wall is the most northerly part of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site, shared with England (Hadrian's Wall) and Germany (Limes Germanicus).
Historic Scotland Official Website
Orkneyjar
Buildings and structures in Scotland
Skara Brae (band), a traditional Irish music group.
Skara Brae, the main settlement in The Bard's Tale computer role-playing game series.
Skara Brae is also the name of a town in the Ultima computer role-playing game series.
José Nicholas Théodore (born September 13, 1976 in Laval, Quebec) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender.
He plays for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League.
Before that he played for the Montreal Canadiens where he won the Vezina and Hart trophies in 2001–02 before being traded to the Avalanche in 2006.
Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy winners
Colorado Avalanche players
Hull Olympiques players
Saint-Jean Lynx players
Washington Capitals players
Joseph-Georges-Gonzague Vézina (pronounced: ) (January 21, 1887 – March 27, 1926) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played five seasons in the National Hockey League and seven in the National Hockey Association for the Montreal Canadiens.
He won the Stanley Cup, a trophy for the best hockey team, two times with the Canadiens, in 1916 and 1924.
Vézina played in 327 consecutive regular season games and 39 playoff games, before leaving early during a game in 1925 due to illness.
Vézina was diagnosed with tuberculosis, and died on March 27, 1926.
He was nicknamed the Chicoutimi Cucumber.
The only goaltender to play for the Canadiens between 1910 and 1925, Vézina helped the team win the Stanley Cup in 1916 and 1924, while going to the Stanley Cup Finals three more times.
Vézina allowed the fewest goals against in the league seven times in his career: four times in the NHA and three times in the NHL.
In 1918, Vézina became the first NHL goaltender to record a shutout and the first to earn an assist on a goal.
At the start of the 1926–27 NHL season, the Canadiens donated the Vezina Trophy to the NHL as an award to the goaltender who allowed the fewest goals during the season.
Since 1981, the award has been given to the best goaltender as chosen by a vote of NHL general managers.
In Vézina's hometown of Chicoutimi, the sports arena is named the Centre Georges-Vézina in honour of Vézina.
When the Hockey Hall of Fame opened in 1945, Vézina was one of the original twelve inductees.
Georges Vézina, the youngest of eight children, was born on January 21, 1887 in Chicoutimi, Quebec, to Jacques Vézina, a local baker and an immigrant from St. Nicolas de La Rochelle in France, and his wife Clara.
Vézina attended school at the Petit Séminaire de Chicoutimi until the age of fourteen, when he left the school to help at his father's bakery.
He played hockey from a young age, participating in informal street hockey matches with others his own age.
Vézina played in these matches in his shoes, and used skates for the first time at age sixteen when he joined the local team in Chicoutimi.
As Chicoutimi was in a remote area of Quebec, more than 200 kilometres from Quebec City, the hockey club was not in any organised league.
Instead or scheduled games the club, known as the Saguenéens ("People from the Saguenay", the region where Chicoutimi is located), toured the province, playing informal games against different clubs.
Vézina married Marie-Adélaïde-Stella Morin on June 3, 1908 in Chicoutimi.
After Vézina's death, it was reported that he had twenty-two children.
This rumour was started when the Canadiens' manager, Leo Dandurand, told newspapers that Vézina "speaks no English and has twenty-two children, including three sets of triplets, and they were all born in the space of nine years."
The Vézinas actually only had two children and Georges spoke some English.
In 1912 they had their first child, a son named Jean-Jules.
A second son was born the night of the Montreal Canadiens' first Stanley Cup win in 1916.
When not playing hockey, Vézina operated a tannery in Chicoutimi, living a quiet life.
NHA
On February 17, 1910, the Chicoutimi Hockey Club played an informal game against the Montreal Canadiens, a professional team in the National Hockey Association.
Though playing an weaker team the Canadiens did not score a goal, losing the game.
This prompted Joseph Cattarinich, goaltender for the Canadiens, to convince his team to offer a tryout to Georges Vézina, who was Chicoutimi's goaltender.
Vézina at first refused the offer, staying in Chicoutimi until the Canadiens later returned in December of that year.
This time they convinced Georges, along with his brother Pierre, to come to Montreal.
The two Vézina brothers arrived on December 22, 1910.
While Pierre failed to make the team, Georges impressed the Canadiens, especially with the use of his stick to block shots.
Vézina was signed to a contract for C$800 per season, and made his professional debut December 31, 1910 against the Ottawa Senators.
He would play all sixteen games for the Canadiens in the 1910–11 season, finishing with eight wins and eight losses, while giving up the fewest goals in the league.
The following season Vézina again had the fewest goals against in the league, and won eight games, along with ten losses.
Vézina recorded his first career shutout during the 1912–13 season, defeating Ottawa 6–0 on January 18, 1913 for one of his nine wins in the season.
The Canadiens finished first in the NHA for the first time in 1913–14, in a tie with the Toronto Blueshirts.
Once again, Vézina led the league with the fewest goals against, while posting thirteen victories and seven losses.
Under the NHA rules, the first place team would play in the Stanley Cup Finals, but due to the tie for first, the Canadiens had to play a two-game, total goals series against Toronto.
Vézina shut out the Blueshirts in the first game, a 2–0 win for Montreal, but let in six goals in the second game, allowing the Blueshirts to play for the Stanley Cup, which they won.
After losing fourteen games and finishing last in the NHA in 1914–15, Vézina and the Canadiens won sixteen games during the 1915–16 season, and the team ended up first in the league.
As league leaders, the Canadiens were chosen to play in the 1916 Stanley Cup Finals, where they played against the Portland Rosebuds, champions of the rival Pacific Coast Hockey Association.
The Canadiens defeated the Rosebuds three games to two in the best of five games series, winning the Stanley Cup for the first time in team history.
Vézina's second son was born the night of the fifth game, which coupled with a bonus of $238 each member of the Canadiens received for the championship, led to him considering the series as the best part of his career.
The next season Vézina again led the NHA with the fewest goals against, the fourth time in seven years he did so, helping the Canadiens to again reach the Stanley Cup Finals, where they lost to the Seattle Metropolitans.
The NHA was replaced by the National Hockey League (NHL) in November 1917, with Vézina and the Canadiens joining the new league.
On February 18, 1918, he became the first goaltender in NHL history to record a shutout by defeating the Torontos 9–0.
On December 28, 1918, he became the first goaltender to have an assist, on a goal by Newsy Lalonde, who had took the puck after a save by Vézina.
He finished the season with twelve wins, allowing the fewest goals against.
Vézina also set a record, which was shared with Clint Benedict of the Ottawa Senators, for the fewest shutouts needed to lead the league in that category, with one.
In 1918–19 Vézina won ten games, and helped the Canadiens defeat the Ottawa Senators in the NHL playoffs for the ability to play for the Stanley Cup against the PCHA champion, the Seattle Metropolitans.
Held in Seattle, the two teams were tied in the best of five series when it was cancelled due to the Spanish flu epidemic, the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded.
In the ten playoff games prior to the cancellation, Vézina had won six games, lost three and tied one, with one shutout.
Vézina recorded nearly identical records the next two seasons, with thirteen wins and eleven losses and a goals against average above four in both 1919–20 and 1920–21.
He won twelve games the following season, as the Canadiens again failed to qualify for the Stanley Cup.
After winning thirteen games in 1922–23, Vézina led the Canadiens into the NHL playoffs, where they lost the two game, total goal series to the Ottawa Senators, who would win the Stanley Cup.
The following season saw Vézina return to leading the league in fewest goals against.
His average of 1.97 goals per game was the first time a goaltender had averaged fewer than two goals against per game.
With another thirteen win season in 1923–24, the Canadiens reached the NHL playoffs, where they again faced the Ottawa Senators.
This time the Canadiens won the series, then defeated the Vancouver Maroons of the PCHA before reaching the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in five years.
Playing the Calgary Tigers of the Western Canada Hockey League, Vézina and the Canadiens won the best of three series two games to none, as Vézina recorded a shutout in the second game.
The championship was the Canadiens' first as a member of the NHL and second as a club.
After a seventeen win season in 1924–25 where Vézina recorded a goals against average of 1.81 to again lead the league, the Canadiens reached the Stanley Cup Finals.
The Canadiens only qualified after the Hamilton Tigers, the regular season champions, were suspended for refusing to play in the playoffs unless they were paid more.
Facing the Victoria Cougars, the Canadiens lost the series three games to one.
Returning to Montreal for training camp for the 1925–26 season, Vézina was noticeably sick, though he said nothing about it.
By the time of the Canadiens first game on November 28 against the Pittsburgh Pirates, he had lost 35 pounds in a span of six weeks, and had a fever of 102 Fahrenheit.
Even so, he took to the ice, and completed the first period without allowing a goal.
Vézina began vomiting blood in the intermission before returning for the start of the second period.
He then collapsed in his goal area, and left the game, with former US Olympic team goaltender Alphonse Lacroix taking his place.
The day after the game, Vézina was diagnosed with tuberculosis and advised to return home.
He made a last trip into the Canadiens dressing room on December 3 to say a final goodbye to his teammates.
Dandurand would later describe Vézina as sitting in his corner of the dressing room with "tears rolling down his cheeks.
He was looking at his old pads and skates that Eddie Dufour [the Canadiens trainer] had arranged in Georges's corner.
Then, he asked one little favour—the sweater he had worn in the last world series."
Vézina returned to his hometown of Chicoutimi with his wife Marie, where he died in the early hours on March 27, 1926 at l'Hôtel-Dieu.
Though he played only one period for the Canadiens during the entire season, the team paid his entire $6,000 salary, showing how important Vézina had been to the team.
One of the best goaltenders in the NHA and early NHL, Vézina led the Canadiens to five Stanley Cup Finals, where they won the Cup twice.
Seven times in his career, Vézina had the lowest goals against average in the league he played, and he had the second best average another five times.
From when he joined the Canadiens in 1910, until having to retire in 1925, Vézina never missed a game or allowed another person to replace him, playing in 328 regular season games and an additional 39 playoff games in a row.
Though he played most of his career in an era when goaltenders could not leave their feet to make a save (the rule was changed in 1918), Vézina is considered as one of the greatest goaltenders in hockey history; the Montreal Standard referred to him as the "greatest goaltender of the last two decades" in their obituary.
Well liked in Montreal, Vézina was often seen as the best player on the ice for the Canadiens, and was respected by his teammates, who considered him a leader of the team.
Referred to as "le Concombre de Chicoutimi" (the "Chicoutimi Cucumber") for his cool actions on the ice, he was also known as "l'Habitant silencieux" (the "silent Habitant", Habitant being a nickname for the Canadiens), because of his quiet personality.
He often sat in a corner of the team's dressing room alone, smoking a pipe and reading the newspaper.
When news of Vézina's death was announced, newspapers across Quebec paid tribute to the goalie with articles about his life and career.
Hundreds of Catholic masses were held in honour of the devout Vézina, and more than 1500 people went to the Chicoutimi cathedral for his funeral.
Another legacy of Vézina was the trophy named after him.
At the start of the 1926–27 season, Leo Dandurand, Leo Letourneau and Joseph Cattarinich, owners of the Montreal Canadiens, donated the Vezina Trophy to the NHL in honour of Vézina.
It was to be awarded to the goaltender of the team who allowed the fewest goals during the regular season.
The inaugural winner of the trophy was Vézina's successor in goal for the Canadiens, George Hainsworth.
He also won the trophy the next two seasons.
In 1981, the NHL changed the format of awarding the trophy, giving it to the goaltender deemed best in the league, chosen by NHL general managers.
The Hockey Hall of Fame was established in 1945 and among the first twelve inductees was Vézina.
In 1998 Vézina was ranked number 75 on The Hockey News''' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.
In honour of the first professional athlete to come from Chicoutimi, the city renamed their hockey arena the Centre Georges-Vézina in 1965.
Regular season and playoffs
NHA statistics are from Trail of the Stanley Cup.
NHL statistics are from NHL.com.
Disease-related deaths in Quebec
Infectious disease deaths in Canada
Montreal Canadiens (NHA) players
Prince of Wales Conference
Clarence Campbell Conference
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points
New York wins the series 4–1.
All-Star teams
Barry Pederson, Boston Bruins
Steve Kasper, Boston Bruins
Denis Savard, Chicago Black Hawks
Steve Larmer, Chicago Black Hawks
Andy Moog, Edmonton Oilers
Charlie Huddy, Edmonton Oilers
Glenn Anderson, Edmonton Oilers
Jari Kurri, Edmonton Oilers
Paul Coffey, Edmonton Oilers
Larry Murphy, Los Angeles Kings
Dino Ciccarelli, Minnesota North Stars
Don Beaupre, Minnesota North Stars
Neal Broten, Minnesota North Stars
Doug Wickenheiser, Montreal Canadiens
Guy Carbonneau, Montreal Canadiens
Rick Wamsley, Montreal Canadiens
Brent Sutter, New York Islanders
Rollie Melanson, New York Islanders
Tim Kerr, Philadelphia Flyers
Mike Bullard, Pittsburgh Penguins
Anton Stastny, Quebec Nordiques
Peter Stastny, Quebec Nordiques
Dale Hunter, Quebec Nordiques
Paul MacLean, St. Louis Blues
Dave Babych, Winnipeg Jets
Last games
Jean Ratelle, Boston Bruins
Terry Harper, Colorado Rockies
Pete Mahovlich, Detroit Red Wings
Tom Bladon, Detroit Red Wings
Jean Potvin, New York Islanders
Phil Esposito, New York Rangers
Walt Tkaczuk, New York Rangers
Ron Ellis, Toronto Maple Leafs
Dennis Kearns, Vancouver Canucks
Bobby Schmautz, Vancouver Canucks
Dennis Ververgaert, Washington Capitals
Guy Charron, Washington Capitals
Wayne Stephenson, Washington Capitals
Jude Drouin, Winnipeg Jets
1980 NHL Entry Draft
33rd National Hockey League All-Star Game
1981 in the United States
Original Six era
Expansion years to present
Timeline of the National Hockey League
Sokker Manager is a realistic, browser-based online football manager game (MMOG) with an exclusive 3D match engine and a 2D match engine.
The game, developed in Poland, began in early 2004 and currently has 98 FIFA countries which users can register to, and as of February 2012, there were over 52,000 registered users world-wide.
Each month, Sokker is voted one of the best sports game on the internet, out of the top 50 sports game.
The game is free to play, however there is an optional "Plus" service which will give users access to additional in-game tools that can help them progress as a manager.
As a manager, you are in complete control of a team, where you must select players and use strategic tactics in order to defeat the opponent.
The basic idea of Sokker is to manage your own football team, trying to promote yourself without going financially bankrupt.
To do this, you must buy and sell players, optimizing your teams performance while making money to improve the club.
You will also have to be able to use the tactical editor to take advantage of your players skills.
However, this all depends on the playing style of a user, each have their own.
Whether you play to train up players, or to try to beat your friend, you will encounter many economical and tactical barriers that will force you to expand your knowledge as a manager.
Sokker is different to many other soccer management games, due to it having a 2D Flash match viewer and as from 2012, a new exclusive 3D Flash Match Viewer.
This enables users to watch their managerial skills in action through the comfort of an animated football match.
Each player has 8 main skills, which will define them where they play on the pitch.
These are;
Stamina - This skill indicates how long a player can play before becoming fatigued.
Pace - Determines how fast the player is.
Technique - This skill affects the technical ability a player will have, such as skill of controlling a pass, chance of mis-kicking, pace of dribbling, skill of passing a defender.
Technique is highly valued in most positions on the field.
Passing - This skill determines the accuracy of player’s passes (both kicks and headers).
The accuracy means both the right direction and power, so that the team-mate will be able to receive the ball as easily as possible.
Keeper - This skill is only useful for keepers.
It determines effectiveness of saves and their quality.
The higher the skill, the more often the keepers catch the ball or clears it cleverly (away from the strikers).
Defender - The higher the defending skill, the greater the chance of tackling an opponent, and the greater the distance from the opponent that a defender will be able to make a tackle.
This is the skill most desirable for defenders but can be helpful for midfielders and attackers.
Also, technique effects the defending skills, the greater their technique, the more chance they have of dribbling past the player.
Playmaking - Players with high playmaking skill make their decisions who to pass to quicker, as well as choosing the best positioned player to pass the ball to.
Striker - Determines the accuracy and the force of kicks.
Form - Determines whether the player can take advantage of his skills in full.
Players that are out of form will perform worse than they would if they were in a higher level of form.
Team Discipline - It reflects how accurately the player will follow the tactic during the match.
Tactical Discipline is based on two subskills: Experience and Team-work.
Talent - Hidden ability of the player to enhance his skills.
Determines the efficiency of training for both a first team player and a junior training in the sub junior school.
Age - After each season your players get older by one year.
Younger players enhance their skills faster.
As a player approaches his 30's, his skills may begin to gradually deteriorate.
The older a player the faster the deterioration.
Height - Taller players will have better chances to win aerial duels when heading the ball.
However, shorter players will be quicker in speeding up from a standing start..
Weight - If a player is too light, they will speed up slower, as they have a lower muscle mass.
In addition a player with a high weight will speed up slower, as they are too heavy.
Heavy players will tire more quickly, compared to lighter players.
Juniors System
On Sokker, you can choose whether your club will have a youth school or not.
This is where young players are coached.
The juniors are young players with too little experience or skills to play in official matches.
In a youth school, you can occupy up to a maximum of 30 occupants to train.
The juniors will stay in the youth school for a set number of weeks, during that time, they will increase in skills as they are coached.
For your youths to train however, you will need to assign a Junior Coach.
His general appraisal will determine how quickly the juniors will improve their skills.
He will also decide when a player is ready for testing in the first team line-up.
Your junior coach’s general skill decides on how accurately the general skill of each junior is estimated.
The higher the coach level, the more exact the junior level determined.
Also, the more matches your junior plays, the more adequately the coach knows his total skill and shows it to you.
You are only shown an overall skill of the junior and will not see their individual skills until you contract them when they leave the youth school.
However, by playing them in youth matches, managers can use that to estimate their skills and positions.
In order for player's skills to increase, players must be properly trained.
Most types of training demand that the player played in the selected position during the week, in the friendly/cup game and/or the league game.
A player who played in the same position (i.e., as a def) twice during the week will train better than one who played in only one game.
Similarly, a player who played in an official match will train better than one who just played in a friendly.
If a player played in two different positions during the week, the last match counts.
Each player will train at different speeds based up to their hidden individual talent and the coach training them.
If a player has a high talent, he is more likely to train faster than a player with a lower talent.
When selecting a coach, the feature that counts most is his individual skills; his general appraisal does not influence the effectiveness of training.
Select a head coach who has a high ability in training the skill you have chosen for the individual training.
Tactical Editor
The Tactics Editor is used to create your tactics and formations for future matches.
You can find it by going to the match orders page of any future match and then clicking on the [Edit] link underneath the pitch image.
Or alternatively, you can go to the training page, then at the top, click on “Tactics”.
There are default tactics that can be used during the match, however users are able to create their own tactic.
It is the Tactical Editor, that for many users, defines Sokker from all other online soccer manager games.
There are 35 squares in the tactics editor, making the number of tactics you could create limitless, and allowing the user to select where they would like to put a player.
However, there is a maximum of 100 tactics you could save.
The tactics you create and choose could ultimately be the decider whether a football match is won or lost.
Every team has a stadium to host their home games.
Optimizing the stadium size, stand types and ticket prices is very important to keep the team's financial health, as revenue coming from tickets is one of the main sources of income of every team.
Grass (standing): In each sector with grass, only 100 standing spectators are allowed by the sideline.
Terraces: Standing places made of concrete.
It is the second cheapest type of stand.
There are certain regulations imposed by the Football Association, restricting the size of stands with terraces.
Your stadium cannot be solely made up of terraces.
Benches: A stand with sitting places but not as comfortable as seats.
Seats: The more expensive and luxurious stand.
Building seats is more expensive than building benches, but they can bring more spectators to see the matches as some of them expect seats to sit in when watching their team.
There are many factors which will affect the attendance at a match, some of these include supporter mood, match type, size of supporters club, ticket prices, weather and stand preferences.
It is possible to change the ticket prices from a range of 1 £ to 150 £.
However, there are also a default price for stand types:
Grass and Field
In June 2012, Sokker introduced a new modification to grass the playing field.
A new aspect, implemented in 2012, includes modifications and implementations around Grass and the Field.
These features include;
"Grass Type - This feature allows you to choose what type of grass you would like to have in your stadium.
There are different qualities of grass, each will have a different optimum condition depending on the quality of the grass. (
see below).
Grass Mow - You can customise what you would like your field to look like.
There are many options for you to choose from, for example you could choose to have a field with no specific mow, or you might want the grass to be mowed diagonally to produce diagonal lines of different colour gradient.
Plus users will also be able to place their team logos with selected position and size.
Grass Condition - The condition of the grass will gradually get weaker each match and will need time to recover.
The recovery rate of the grass will depend on the weather; it will grow best when it is not too hot and not too wet.
There is though, a new feature that allows for a quicker recovery, through spending money on pitch maintenance.
This will be available in the arena section.
The other solution of pitch recovery is to lay new grass of the selected type.
Also, different types of grass will have a different maximum condition.
For example, garden grass will not reach much more than 50% of condition, so it will not be as good.
On the pitch, in an area of weak condition, the ball may bounce in an unpredictable direction due to the unevenness of the grass, and also may jump in a direction a player didn't want when dribbling.
The probability of injury will be higher on a pitch with poor condition and lower on a pitch with better condition (higher than 50% condition).
Pitch Size - On Sokker, you have the ability to change the size of your pitch, to how big (or small), you desire.
This new feature may benefit how you use your tactics.
The pitch modification will cost depending on the type of grass you have, and which grass mow you have."
Plus features
Although Sokker is entirely free to play, the game also has a premium feature called Plus.
The purchase of Plus unlocks additional features that helps managers with their career, it does not however, give any unfair advantage over other users; "They just get more fun from the game - if you are not a subscriber, you have the same chance to achieve your goals in Sokker, as those with Plus."
Match kits, Training effects monitoring, graphs, unlimited access to watch all matches, are just few of the features gained when you subscribe to plus.
The community of Sokker has expanded the enjoyment far beyond the Sokker.org website.
There are many supplemented websites and third party add-ons that enhance the Sokker experience.
Also, forum exists in many formats.
There are international forums, national forums, division forums, friendly league forums, association forums, private forums and many more that enhance the communication between the Sokker users, enhancing the game enjoyment.
Third Party Tools
Programs and scripts, both standalone and browser-based are welcomed by Sokker as they enhance the experience of Sokker users.
Sokker data can be downloaded through XML-files provided on the sokker.org website.
Applications and programs take many forms.
Managers Assistants such as oSokker and Android Application for Androids and Blackberry playbook generally help managers by organizing various team data and displaying it graphically and/or archiving it.
There are also other tools, such as NT Database, designed specifically for NT managers that help NT managers organize the NT players.
Sokker Official Website
Sokker Italian Website and Forum
NT Database
The 2006–07 NHL season was the 90th season of operation (89th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL).
The 2007 Stanley Cup Playoffs began on April 11, 2007 and ended on June 6.
The Anaheim Ducks won the Stanley Cup.
They were the first team from California to win the Cup.
Red-shaded team won the Presidents' Trophy and home-ice advantage throughout the playoffs.
Orange-shaded team clinched the other conference.
Yellow-shaded teams clinched the other four divisions.
Green-shaded teams clinched the remaining ten playoff berths.
Numbers in parentheses indicate ranking in conference.
Division leaders are automatically ranked 1–3.
These three, plus the next five teams in the conference standings, earn playoff berths at the end of the season.
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points
The fewer number of games played (i.e., superior points percentage).
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/– = Plus/Minus; PIM = Penalty Minutes
Note: GP = Games Played; TOI = Time On Ice (minutes); W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/Shootout Losses; GA = Goals Against; SO = Shutouts; Sv% = Save Percentage; GAA = Goals Against Average
Niklas Backstrom, Minnesota Wild
Yutaka Fukufuji, Los Angeles Kings (first Japanese NHL player)
Phil Kessel, Boston Bruins
Anze Kopitar, Los Angeles Kings
Evgeni Malkin, Pittsburgh Penguins
Alexander Radulov, Nashville Predators
Jordan Staal, Pittsburgh Penguins
Paul Stastny, Colorado Avalanche
Matthew Barnaby, Dallas Stars
Peter Bondra, Chicago Blackhawks
Sean Burke, Los Angeles Kings
Eric Lindros, Dallas Stars
Scott Mellanby, Atlanta Thrashers
Joe Nieuwendyk, Florida Panthers
Mike Ricci, Phoenix Coyotes
Patrik Stefan, Dallas Stars
Pierre Turgeon, Colorado Avalanche
NHL Season
Mario Kart: Super Circuit is a Game Boy Advance racing game released in 2001 and is the third game in the Mario Kart series.
It was later released in 2011 for the 3DS Virtual Console and the Wii U Virtual Console in 2014.
It has playable characters from the Mario series.
The game contains all the courses from Super Mario Kart along with newcoming courses.
It can be played single player (modes: Grand Prix, Extra [Super Mario Kart], Quick Run, and Time Trials) multiplayer (modes: Grand Prix, "Link It Up!",
V.S., and Battle)
A walrus is a marine mammal, the only species of the family Odobenidae, which is one of the three pinniped families.
They live in the cold northern seas around North America and Europe.
Walruses have lots of things similar to true seals and eared seals.
Like true seals, they just have a hole for an ear - not ear flaps.
Like eared seals, they can rotate their back flippers forward to walk on land.
Like both true seals and eared seals, they are very good swimmers and divers.
However, walruses do have some features that neither true seals nor eared seals have.
The most famous thing about walruses are their tusks.
Even though they are called tusks, they are actually teeth growing out of their mouth, a bit like the narwhal.
The tusks grow for about 15 years before they reach their full length, which is about  for males and  for females.
Both the male and female walrus grow tusks.
They can use it to protect themselves from polar bears and killer whales, and use them when they eat.
When they eat bigger prey such as seals and small whales, they first tear them apart with their tusks to make them easier to eat.
Another important use of a walrus's tusks is to pull itself out onto the ice.
Pushing its tusks into the ice, the walrus gets extra help hauling its huge body out of the sea.
This is probably how walruses got their family name Odobenidae, which comes from Greek words meaning "one that walks with teeth".
They do not walk with their teeth, but it can look as if they do when they pull themselves out of the water.
Their tusks can also be used to cut holes in the ice.
Tusks are slightly longer and thicker among males, who use them for fighting, dominance and display; the strongest males with the largest tusks typically dominate social groups.
Tusks are also used to form and maintain holes in the ice and aid the walrus in climbing out of water onto ice.
Walruses are very big, even compared to big male sea lions.
When they are all grown up, they can weigh more than 3,000 pounds.
The walruses that live in the Atlantic Ocean are a little smaller than the ones in the Pacific Ocean.
Both kinds like to stay in the cold north.
With all their blubber, which can be as much as six inches thick, they are very comfortable in icy water.
Walruses are usually brown, but walruses can change colour depending on how warm they are.
They are usually different kinds of brown, but as they get warmer, their skin can turn pink.
This is because as they get warmer, blood rushes to the skin to try to cool it.
The males have a large penis bone, up to  in length, the largest of any land mammal, both in absolute size and relative to body size.
Hattrick  is an online football manager game created by  Björn Holmér.
It was released on 20 August 1997.
The game has an estimated user amount of 1.000.000 ( one million) spread in over 120 countries.
If one registers himself as user he will  receive a team.
The user will then play in a competition with other managers.
The user has to care for the whole team.
This can be done by buying and selling players, training players, creating tactics and by creating line ups.
Hattrick has a 'strong' community.
Because of that, not only the forums in-game are active but also those on external sites.
Hattrick Ltd.
Torres Strait is the narrow sea between Australia's Cape York and New Guinea.
It is about  wide and filled with islands, coral reefs and sand banks.
The first European to sail through the strait Vanessa uis Vaez de Torres in 1606.
There are about 240 islands but only 17 of them have people living on them.
While there are about 6,800 Torres Strait Islanders living on the islands, about 42,000 islanders now live on the mainland.
The islands belong to Australia and are a part of Queensland.
They are governed from Thursday Island by the Torres Strait Regional Authority.
They are the only part of Australia to share a border with another country, New Guinea.
The islands are a mix of island types.
Some of the islands near New Guinea are low lying islands made from soil washed down from the rivers.
The hilly and steep  granite islands in the west were once the tops of mountains which became islands when the sea levels rose 8,000 years ago.
The islands in the centre are mostly coral cays.
The islands in the east of the strait were made by submarine volcanos which grew above the surface of the ocean.
In 2009, the islanders asked the Australian government for AU$ 22 million to build new sea walls.
Because some of the islands are quite low, rising sea levels and big tides have meant many areas are now being flooded.