the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The blazing sun on the water is the symbol of the new age of the steam engine.
Constable, The Haywain, 1821, Suffolk
Ingres, Madame Moitessier, 1856, Paris
Courbet, Women on the Bank of the Seine, 1857, France
Henri Fantin-Latour, Apples on a Dish, 1861, France
This picture is a still life.
In the Renaissance, carvings of still lifes were often part of the wooden decoration inside important rooms in a palace.
In the 1600s and 1700s paintings of still lifes also became common and were most often seen in the dining room, where fruit, flowers and animals that had been killed for meat were fashionable decoration.
In the 1800s many artists like Fantin-Latour painted small still lifes like this one to practice their skills at arranging a picture, at studying light and at studying texture.
Many artists also painted still lifes because they were too poor to pay for an artist's model, or the weather was too bad to paint landscapes.
Fantin-Latour did a large number of small pictures like this.
He has arranged four apples of different colours and shapes and has made a study of how the light looks on their curved surfaces.
Manet, The Waitress, 1879, Paris
Claude Monet, The Houses of Parliament, London, French painter.
Renoir, The Umbrellas, c.1880, France
Seurat, The Bathers at Asnieres, 1884, France
Seurat was a friend of the French Impressionist painters.
He had a theory that all colour was made up of lots of colours which were sorted out when light passed into the eye.
He experimented with colour by painting in tiny dots.
His style of painting is called Pointillism.
This large painting took a long time to do.
Even though it is an outdoor scene with lots of figures, it is very still, as if time has stopped.
When the painting is looked at closely, it can be seen that even the parts that seem white or black are made of hundreds of tiny dots of colour.
Edgar Degas, Combing Hair, c.1885, Paris
Cezanne, Mountains in Provence, 1890, Provence
Vincent van Gogh, Landscape with Cypress Pine, c.1890, France
Vincent van Gogh had a difficult and troubled life.
He was born in Holland but went to paint in France.
He had very few friends and had difficulty selling his paintings.
Luckily he had the support of his brother Theo and a doctor for whom he painted pictures.
This landscape is a good example of his style.
In the painting, everything seems to have a life of its own.
The clouds are like great beasts that roll across the sky, the waving grain reaches out like hands, the mountains are rumbling and the cypress pine looks quite dangerous.
Vincent used each brush stroke to help create this flame-like movement.
Another important thing in this painting is contrast.
The colours change from warm reddish-orange to ice-blue.
The big dark tree to the right is in tonal contrast with the white clouds.
The vertical direction of the tree is in contrast to the horizontal direction of the landscape.
In 1890, Vincent took his own life after painting hundreds of pictures in only five years.
Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, Woman in the Garden, 1891, France
Douanier Rousseau, Tiger frightened by a Storm, 1891, Paris
Gustav Klimt, Portrait of Hermine Gallia, 1904, Vienna
Michael Wilson, The National Gallery, London, 1977, Charles Letts and Co.
Art museums in the United Kingdom
In the George Orwell book Nineteen Eighty-Four, an Unperson is someone who has been vaporized.
Vaporization is when a person is secretly murdered and erased from society, the present, the universe, and existence.
Such a person would be taken out of books, photographs, and articles so that no trace of them is found in the present anywhere – no record of them would be found.
This was so that a person who defied the Party would be gone from all citizens' memories, even friends and family.
There is no Newspeak word for what happened to unpeople, therefore it is thoughtcrime to say an unperson's name or think of unpeople.
The Stalin-era Soviet Union also provided real-world examples of unpersons in its treatment of Leon Trotsky and other members of the Communist Party who became politically inconvenient.
In his 1960 magazine article "Pravda means 'Truth'", reprinted in Expanded Universe, Robert A. Heinlein argued that John Paul Jones and a mysterious May 15, 1960 cosmonaut had also received this treatment.
A look at Orwell’s Newspeak
en:List of Newspeak words#Unperson
Düren (Ripuarian: Düre, Low Franconian: Dürre or Dure) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
It is between Cologne and Aachen.
Düren is at the river Rur.
Düren Rural District
Gütersloh (Westphalian: Gütsel, Low Franconian: Gütersloh)  is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
About 96,000 people live there.
Gütersloh Rural District
Iserlohn (Westphalian Low German: Iserlaun, Iserliaun, or Iserlauhn; Middle Low German: Eisenwald)  is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
About 93,000 people live there; it is one of the largest cities in that region.
Märkischer Rural District
Velbert is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
About 87,000 people live there.
Lünen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
88,000 people live there.
Lünen has got two important football clubs: Lüner SV and BV Brambauer.
Lüner SV is playing in the "Bezirksliga (8.
league), but in 1963 the club achieved his greatest aim.
They got Champion of Westphalia.
Unna Rural District
Marl is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
About 91,000 people live there.
Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Creil, France
Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
Pendle, United Kingdom
Kuşadası, Turkey
Bocholt (Low German: Bokelt) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
About 73,000 people live there.
Borken Rural District
Roman Abramovich (born October 24, 1966 in Saratov, Russia) is a Russian-British businessman.
Roman Abramovich was born in Saratov, in the former Soviet Union (FSU) on October 24, 1966.
He was orphaned at the age of three and raised by his uncle in Ukhta, in the Komi Republic in northern Russia.
When he was eight, Abramovich went to live with his grandmother in Moscow.
He is one of the richest men in the world.
As in 2019, his wealth was estimated at $12.9 billion by Forbes which made him the wealthiest person in Israel, where he resides, and the 140th wealthiest person in the world.
Abramovich is the owner of Millhouse, LLC, a private investment company, the owner of Evraz, a steel making and mining company, and major shareholder of Norilsk Nickel, a nickel and palladium mining and smelting company.
He is also part owner or significant shareholder in a multitude of international corporations, primarily in steel and mining, and private investment and is well known for his sports team—Chelsea Football Club, one of the most successful and popular football teams in the United Kingdom.
Works in Russia
In 1999, Abramovich who was then 33 years old, was elected governor of the Russian province of Chukotka, and was subsequently elected for a second term, serving until 2008.
Abramovich has received the ‘Order of Honor’ by the President of Russia for his significant contribution to economically developing the autonomous district of Chukotka.
He was also given the ‘Order of Friendship’ by the President.
Roman-Abramovich.com
British businesspeople
Russian businesspeople
British billionaires
Israeli billionaires
Israeli businesspeople
Portuguese businesspeople
Morena Baccarin (born June 2, 1979) is a Brazilian actress.
She is best known for her role as Inara Serra in the sci-fi television series Firefly and the movie Serenity.
Morena was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Her mother is Brazilian stage and television actress Vera Setta.
When she was 10, Baccarin moved with her family to Greenwich Village, New York, in the United States.
She later attended the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts (the High School in the movie Fame) before she studied theater at Juilliard.
When asked in an interview "if she's up for the role of Wonder Woman, " Baccarin replied: "I’m not going to say no to a superhero but it’s not up to me."
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
People from Rio de Janeiro
José Mário dos Santos Mourinho Félix, OIH, or simply José Mourinho (born January 26, 1963 in Setúbal) is a Portuguese football manager and former player who is the head coach of Serie A club Roma.
He is commonly known as "The Special One".
Mourinho is regarded by some players, coaches, and critics as one of the best football coaches of all time.
Jose Mourinho's father was no stranger to the world of football.
Felix Mourinho practiced this sport as a professional goalkeeper.
He also represented his country in one international match.
Without a doubt, this factor had a huge impact on the Portuguese coach's career since his childhood, especially with his father's unquenchable desire for Jose to become a big player.
Mourinho won four league titles in a row (two at Porto and two at Chelsea).
He has also won the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Cup with Porto.
For two years in a row (2004 and 2005), Mourinho was named the world's best football coach by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS).
After leaving Chelsea F.C., he was replaced by Avram Grant.
He went to coach Internazionale Milano and won the Serie A, Italian Super Cup and Champions League in a single season (2009/10).
Managerial stats
Portuguese footballers
Portuguese football managers
Sawmill process
Trees are chosen to be harvested.
The tree is chopped so that it falls over; this is known as felling.
The tree is cut at both ends so that it is exactly as long as it needs to be; this is called bucking.
Branches are cut off the trunk.
This is known as limbing.
Logs are taken by logging truck, by train, or by a log drive to the sawmill.
Logs are measured by a Log scaler, either on the way to the mill or when they arrive at the mill.
Debarking removes bark from the logs.
Logs are sorted by species, size, and end use (lumber, plywood, chips).
This is called decking.
A sawyer uses a head saw, head rig, or primary saw to break the log into cants (smaller logs to be worked on some more) and flitches (unfinished planks).
Depending upon the species and quality of the log, the cants will either be further broken down by a resaw or a gang edger into multiple flitches and/or boards
Edging will take the flitch and trim off all irregular edges leaving four-sided lumber.
Trimming squares the ends at typical lumber lengths.
Drying removes naturally occurring moisture from the lumber.
This can be done with kilns or air-dried.
Planing smooths the surface of the lumber leaving a uniform width and thickness.
Shipping transports the finished lumber to market.
Sawmills seem to have existed in the medieval period, as one was sketched by Villard de Honnecourt in c.1250.
On the other hand, people think they were introduced to Madeira following its discovery in c.1420 and spread widely in Europe in the 16th century.
The Dutchman Cornelis Corneliszoon (1550-1607) invented his type of sawmill by applying a pitman arm onto a wind mill, which converted a turning motion into an up-an-down motion.
Corneliszoon patented the sawmill on December 15, 1593 and the pitman on December 6, 1597.
He built the first sawmill there in 1594.
Before to the invention of the sawmill, boards were sawn by two men with a whipsaw, using saddleblocks to hold the log, and a pit for the pitman who worked below.
Sawing was slow, and required strong and enduring men.
The topsawer had to be the stronger of the two because the saw was pulled in turn by each man, and the lower had the advantage of gravity.
The topsawyer also had to guide the saw so that the board was of even thickness.
This was often done by following a chalkline.
Early sawmills simply adapted the whipsaw to mechanical power, generally driven by a water wheel to speed up the process.
The circular motion of the wheel was changed to back-and-forth motion of the saw blade by a Connecting rod known as a pitman (thus introducing a term used in many mechanical applications).
A pitman is similar to a crankshaft, but in reverse; a crankshaft converts back-and-forth motion to circular motion.
Generally, only the saw was powered, and the logs had to be loaded and moved by hand.
An early improvement was the development of a movable carriage, also water powered, to steadily move the log through the saw blade.
A small mill such as this would be the center of many rural communities in wood-exporting regions such as the Baltic countries and Canada.
The output of such mills would be quite low, perhaps only 500 boards per day.
In the United States, the sawmills was introduced soon after the colonisation of Virginia by recruiting skilled men from Hamburgh.
Later the metal parts were obtained from the Netherlands, where the technology was far ahead of that in England, where the sawmill reamiend largely unknown until the late 18th century.
The arrival of a sawmill was a large and stimulative step in the growth of a frontier community.
Early mills were taken to the forest, where a temporary shelter was built, and the logs were skidded to the nearby mill by horse or ox teams, often when there was some snow to provide lubrication.
As mills grew larger, they were usually established in more permanent facilities on a river, and the logs were floated down to them by log drivers.
Steam powered saw mills
The basics of sawmill (German)
Hazrat Babajan (1806–1931), birthname Gool Rukh ("like a rose"), was born as a Pathan lady in a noble Muslim family of Balochistan in northern British India Empire (now Pakistan).
At the age of 18 she fled her arranged marriage and sought God instead.
She journeyed to the northeast, first to Peshawar and then to Rawalpindi, disguised by her Muslim veil.
She lived for a year and a half in the mountainous regions of what is now Pakistan under the guidance of a Hindu sadguru, then traveled to Punjab.
In Multan, at the age of 37, she received God-realization from an Islamic qutub (Muslim master), Maula Shah.
A concept album is a kind of album in which all the songs are about the same thing.
Most of the time, they tell a story.
Lemonade by Beyoncé
All of Coheed and Cambria's studio albums
Thick as a Brick by Jethro Tull
Most of Pink Floyd's albums
Clockwork Angels by Rush
The Black Parade by My Chemical Romance
New York Post article about American Idiot
Convenience food is a type of food.
This kind of food has been made so it can save the consumers time to prepare it.
Usually such foods just need to be heated.
They are made for a long shelf life, so that they can stay in the store for a long time.
One thing to remember is that you may have to pay for the convenience, as this food is often expensive.
They are made from products that would probably not be eaten in their raw form
They are high in bad fat, sugar, and calories
They are low in nutrients and fiber, but fast to prepare.
Therefore, they are also blamed for obesity
Their ingredients may come from genetically-modified organisms
Preservatives are almost always used
Most of the foods end up wasted
Before modern times most men worked in the open, often in fields.
Agriculture was, before the industrial revolution, the biggest employment for men in most countries.
They usually took their midday meal with them, and ate where they worked.
Many kinds of food types were invented for this purpose.
The Cornish pasty from the UK is one which survives to the present day.
Other kinds have vanished, and their names forgotten.
The Bedfordshire clanger was a baked suet dumpling, and there was also a Bedfordshire roll.
This was savoury at one end and sweet at the other.
It was eaten from the savoury end to the sweet end.
There used to be many other varieties and version.
Many have commented on the way convenience foods are heavy on calories.
They were meant to be, for work then was usually manual labour, and men used their muscles continually as they worked.
The modern sandwich is a relatively recent invention, since it dates back only to the 18th century.
It has become a standard way of taking food to the school or workplace.
American women and the making of modern consumer culture
Convenience foods: factors affecting their use where household diets are poor
US Food facts & history
A  Zippo lighter is a refillable metal lighter made by Zippo Manufacturing Company since 1933.
Many different styles have been made since 1933, such as the pipe Zippo, for lighting pipes.
Many people collect Zippos.
Some Zippos are worth a lot of money.
Zippo lighters are wind-proof, which means that the wind can not blow them out.
The most common fuel for Zippos is naphtha.
1932 establishments
Pedro of Castile becomes King of Castile (now in Spain) again after defeating his half-brother, Henry II, at the Battle of Nájera (Navarette).
Pedro was helped in the battle by the English and Henry by the French.
Ferdinand I becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, Peter I.
Charles V creates the first royal library in France.
Otto I becomes Duke of the independent city of Göttingen (now in Germany) after the death of his father, Ernst I.
A stone wall is built around Moscow to resist invasion by Lithuania.
The University of Pécs is founded in Hungary.
January 6 – King Richard II of England (died 1400)
April 3 – King Henry IV of England (died 1413)
Mary of Enghien, Queen of Naples (d. 1446)
Michael de la Pole, 2nd Earl of Suffolk (died 1415)
January 18 – King Peter I of Portugal (born 1320)
December 28 – Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shogun (born 1330)
Gil Alvarez De Albornoz, Spanish cardinal
Sohier of Enghien, titular Duke of Athens
Duke Ernst I of Göttingen
Water heating is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature.
Typical domestic uses of hot water are for cooking, cleaning and bathing, and space heating.
In industry both hot water and water heated to steam have many uses.
The most common energy sources for heating water are fossil fuels: natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, oil or sometimes solid fuels (coal or firewood.
These fuels may be consumed directly or by the use of electricity (which may derive from any of the above fuels or from nuclear or renewable sources).
Alternative energy such as solar energy, heat pumps, hot water heat recycling, and sometimes geothermal power, may also be used as available, usually in combination with gas, oil or electricity.
Solar water heaters
Solar collectors for solar powered water heaters are installed outside dwellings, typically on the roof or nearby.
Nearly all models are the direct-gain type.
They consist of flat panels in which water circulates.
Geothermal heating
How It Works - Water Heater
PATH Tech Inventory: Solar Water Heaters
Tankless Water Heaters are Brutal on the Grid When Popularized
Stiebel Eltron Tankless Water Heaters
Water Heating for Dairies in NZ
U.S. Department of Energy Water Heating Guidance
Antique water heater museum
Couëron is a city in France on the Atlantic Ocean near Nantes.
About 18.000 people live in the city.
Room temperature does not have an exact scientific definition.
It means a temperature that is normal in rooms used by human beings.
Human comfort and health
A comfortable room temperature depends on individual needs and other factors.
According to the West Midlands Public Health Observatory (UK),  is the recommended living room temperature, and  is a good bedroom temperature.
For scientific work, room temperature is taken to be in the range  with an average of .
Scientists use kelvins (K) for temperature.
The Rankine (°R) unit is no longer used.
Condition for physical experiments
The progress and results of many scientific and industrial processes can sometimes depend on the temperature of the surroundings of the equipment.
For example, a measurement of the charge of the electron does not depend upon the temperature of the test equipment.
In this case, if scientists mention temperature at all, they usually only mention "room temperature", which means that what is being measured has not been cooled or heated.
Kraftwerk is a electronic band from Germany that became famous in the late 1970s and 1980s for making electronic music.
They used synthesizers and sequencers to make the rhythms and melodies in the song.
Kraftwerk made electronic music many years before other bands knew it would be popular.
They paved the way for the MIDI and digital styles of music to become popular in the 1990s.
Many of the sounds from songs such as "Computer Love", "The Robots", and "Trans Europe Express" can be heard sampled by a variety of bands on their current releases.
Recently, some of Kraftwerk's original recording equipment was sold on eBay for astonishing amounts.
Kraftwerk continues to have a faithful following.
The band's name is German for power station.
Main discography
1970 : Kraftwerk
1972 : Kraftwerk 2
1973 : Ralf and Florian
1974 : Autobahn
1975 : Radio-Activity
1977 : Trans-Europe Express
1978 : The Man Machine
1981 : Computer World
1983 : Tour de France (single)
1986 : Electric Cafe
1991 : The Mix
1999 : Expo 2000 (single)
2000 : Expo Remix (single)
2003 : Tour de France Soundtracks
2005 : Minimum-Maximum (live album)
2007 : Aerodynamik/La Forme Remixes (single)
1970s establishments in Germany
1970s German music groups
2000s German music groups
2010s German music groups
A cricket ball is a hard, solid ball used to play cricket.
In men's cricket the ball must weigh between 5.5 and 5.75 ounces (137.5 and 143.8 g) and measure between  and 9 inches (220 and 225 millimetres) in circumference.
Red balls are used in day test matches
Pink balls are used in day/night test matches
White balls are used in ODI and T-20s.
Baptist is a word describing a tradition within Christianity and may also refer to individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination.
The tradition takes its name from the belief that followers of Jesus Christ should be placed in water to show their faith.
Baptists do not practice infant baptism.
In 1639, Roger Williams began a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island and John Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island.
It is not clear which church opened first.
Records for both churches are missing information.
Baptist beliefs and principles
Baptist churches do not have a central principal authority.
Therefore, beliefs are not the same from one Baptist church to another, mainly beliefs that may be considered minor.
However, on major issues, most are held in common among almost all Baptist churches.
Baptists share so-called "orthodox" Christian beliefs with most other moderate or conservative Christian denominations.
Some of them are beliefs about one God; Jesus' death, burial, and bodily resurrection; the Trinity (the divinity of Jesus and the Holy Spirit, together with God the Father); the need for salvation; grace; and evangelism and missions.
There are over 90 million Baptists in the world in nearly 300,000 churches.
There are about 47 million members in the United States.
Other large populations of Baptists also exist in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
There are 2.4 million Baptists in India, 2.3 million in Nigeria, 1.9 million in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and 1.5 million in Brazil.
Many people outside the community see them as Protestant, but some baptists do not.
In their view, Baptists have existed separately since early church days.
Those holding this view believe that Baptists have never been a part of the Roman Catholic Church, and that Baptists are not "protesting" against Catholicism.
They also point out that Baptists have no connections with the Reformationists like Luther, Calvin, or Zwingli.
Other Baptists accept the Protestant label as a category for churches who have similar religious views of sola scriptura, sola fide, the priesthood of all believers and other positions that Luther or Calvin had in contrast to the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s.
The tag: denomination, is rejected by some because of the autonomous system used by Baptist churches for control.
Being a denomination is viewed by them as having a hierarchy instead of the Roman Catholic Church.
Another reason for the rejection of the tag is the influence of the Restoration period on Baptist churches, which tore down denominational barriers.
Other Baptists accept the tag.
They feel that it does not lie or have any bad meanings.
It is just used as a synonym for a Christian or religious group with common beliefs.
The tag: Evangelical, is rejected by some fundamentalist Baptists who think that the term  is not 'fundamentalist' enough.
It is also rejected by some liberal Baptists who think that the term is too conservative.
It is accepted by moderate Baptists believing in the revival in the United States in the 1700s called the First Great Awakening.
Some Evangelicals also reject the tag: fundamentalist, because they think that it is too extreme.
Techno is a form of electronic dance music that became popular in Frankfurt, Germany during the early 1980s.
It was influenced by synthpop, house music, funk, post-disco and futuristic fiction ideas that were important during the end of the Cold War in the United States at that time.
Juan Atkins is generally thought to be the founder of Detroit Techno music.
Detroit Techno first became successful locally and then became popular around the world in the 1990s.
Usage of the term
The word "techno" comes from "technology".
Fans of Techno music are careful in their use of the word.
They are careful not to confuse it with other types of music that are similar but different (for example house, trance, hardcore).
At the same time, the word "techno" is commonly used when talking about all forms of electronic music and dance music, especially in Europe, the Americas and Australia.
Despite the common usage of the term to refer to all electronic dance in general, techno is a specific genre with its own, distinguishable sound.
By nature, techno tends to be highly repetitive, instrumentally-oriented music which follows a regular four-on-the-floor beat.
The genre places a strong emphasis on rhythm, and techno tends to have a very beat-based sound.
Sounds Like Techno – an online documentary
, a video example of techno being performed live
Techno songs  blog with regular updates of the newest techno beats and electro music
A dog sled is a sled that is pulled by sled dogs and can go over ice and snow.
Dog sleds were first made by First Nations people in Canada before the English and French got there, because they had no horses so they used dogs to travel.
They were also made by people in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia because it was also easier to travel with dogs in parts of those countries.
Racing dog sleds is a popular sport which a lot of people enjoy watching or actually going in the sleds to race.
It is more popular in places where there is not much horse racing.
Animal-powered vehicles
The bags that can be used for shopping are at bag.
A multiset (sometimes called a bag) is a concept from mathematics.
In many ways, multisets are like sets.
Certain items are either elements of that multiset, or they are not.
However, multisets are different from sets: The same type of item can be in the multiset more than once.
For this reason, mathematicians have defined a relation (function) that tells, how many copies of a certain type of item there are in a certain multiset.
They call this multiplicity.
For example, in the multiset { a, a, b, b, b, c }, the multiplicities of the members a, b, and c are 2, 3, and 1, respectively.
From a set of n elements, the number of r-element multisets is written as .
This is sometimes called the multiset coefficient.
The tuples (a,b) and (b,a) are not equal, and the tuples (a,a) and (a) are not equal either.
The multisets {a,b} and {b,a} are equal, but the multisets {a,a} and {a} are not equal.
The sets {a,b} and {b,a} are equal, and the sets {a,a} and {a} are equal too.
One of the simplest examples is the multiset of prime factors of a number n. Here, the underlying set of elements is the set of prime divisors of n. For example, the number 120 has the prime factorisation
Another is the multiset of solutions of an algebraic equation.
A quadratic equation, for example, has two solutions.
However, in some cases they are both the same number.
Thus the multiset of solutions of the equation could be { 3, 5 }, or it could be { 4, 4 }.
In the latter case, it has a solution of multiplicity 2.
CItations
Stanley, Richard P. (1997, 1999).
Enumerative Combinatorics, Volumes 1 and 2.
Cambridge University Press. ,
0-521-56069-1..
Thomas John Brokaw (born February 6, 1940 in Webster, South Dakota) is a popular American television journalist and is the former anchorman (host) of NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw.
His last appearance as anchorman was on December 1, 2004.
In the later part of hosting NBC Nightly News, the program became the most-watched news program in the United States.
Brokaw has received many awards and honors.
Writers from South Dakota
In mathematics, a tuple is a finite sequence of objects.
Sometimes, the finite sequence is also called an ordered list.
This means that the order of the objects matter.
In a tuple, the objects are either enclosed within parentheses (such as ), or within angle brackets (such as ).
Each of the objects in the list has a certain type.
A tuple consisting of n entries is called an n-tuple.
Tuples are used to describe mathematical objects that are made of certain, well-defined components.
They are also used very frequently with databases.
A certain element can be in a tuple more than once.
The order in which the elements appear in a tuple is important.
Manure is organic matter used as fertilizer in agriculture.
Manures improve the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter and lots of nutrients, such as nitrogen that is trapped by bacteria in the soil.
Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life.
The term "manure" was used for inorganic fertilizers in the past, but this usage is now very rare.
Manure from birds and bats is called guano.
There are two classes of manures in soil management: green manures and animal manures.
Compost is distinguished from manure in that it is the decomposed remnants of organic materials (which may, nevertheless, include manure).
Green manures are crops grown for the express purpose of plowing them under.
In so doing, fertility is increased through the nutrients and organic matter that are returned to the soil.
Uses of manure
Manure has been used for centuries as a fertilizer for farming, as it is rich in nitrogen and other nutrients which facilitate the growth of plants.
Liquid manure from pig/hog operations is usually knifed (injected) directly into soil to reduce the unpleasant odors.
Manure from hogs and cattle is spread on fields using a manure spreader.
Due to the relatively lower level of proteins in grasses, which herbivores eat, cattle manure has a milder smell than the dung of carnivores–for example, elephant dung is practically odorless.
However, due to the quantity of manure applied to fields, odor can be a problem in some agricultural regions.
Poultry droppings are harmful to plants when fresh but after a period of composting are valuable fertilizers.
The dried manure of animals has been used as fuel throughout history.
Dried manure (usually known as dung) of cows was, and still is, an important fuel source in countries such as India, while camel dung may be used in treeless regions such as deserts.
On the Oregon Trail, pioneering families collected large quantities of "buffalo chips" in lieu of scarce firewood.
It has been used for many purposes, in cooking fires and to combat the cold desert nights.
Another use of manure is to make paper.
This has been done with dung from elephants where it is a small industry in Africa and Asia, and also horses, llamas, and kangaroos.
Other than the llama, these animals are not ruminants and thus tend to pass plant fibres undigested in their dung.
A nutrient is either a chemical element or compound used in an organism's metabolism or physiology.
A nutrient is essential to an organism if it cannot be produced by the organism and must be obtained from a food source.
This article deals with nutrition in animals, especially humans.
Nutrition in plants, fungi, bacteria and archaea is not discussed here.
Substances that provide energy
Carbohydrates are compounds made of sugars.
Carbohydrates are named by the number of sugar units they have.
Monosaccharides (such as glucose and fructose) have one.
Disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose) have two.
Oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides (such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose) have more.
Proteins are organic compounds that are amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
The body cannot make some of these; so they must come from food.
In the body, proteins are broken down through digestion back into free amino acids.
Fats are a glycerin molecule with three fatty acids attached.
Fats are needed to keep cell membranes functioning properly, to insulate body organs against shock, to keep body temperature stable, and to maintain healthy skin and hair.
The body does not manufacture certain fatty acids and the diet must supply these.
Substances that support metabolism
Minerals are generally trace elements, salts, or ions such as copper and iron.
These minerals are essential to human metabolism.
Vitamins are organic compounds essential to the body.
They usually act as coenzymes or cofactors for various proteins in the body.
Water is an essential nutrient and is the solvent in which all the chemical reactions of life take place.
Essential elements
A histogram is a concept from statistics.
It is a graphical display that tells us about the distribution of the samples involved.
They are commonly a picture made from a table with many categories.
The table tells how many samples there are in each category.
The word histogram is derived from histos and gramma in Greek.
Histos means web or mast.
Gramma means drawing, record or writing.
A histogram of something is therefore, etymologically speaking, a drawing of the web of this something.
Similar ideas
A generalization of the histogram is kernel smoothing techniques.
This will construct a smooth probability density function from the supplied data.
Typically, a green manure crop is grown for a specific period, and then plowed under and incorporated into the soil.
Green manures usually perform several functions, that include soil improvement and soil protection:
Leguminous green manures such as clover contain nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria in root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen in a form that plants can use.
Green manures increase the percentage of organic matter (biomass) in the soil, thereby improving water retention, aeration, and other soil characteristics.
The root systems of some varieties of green manure grow deep in the soil and bring up nutrient resources unavailable to shallower-rooted crops.
Common cover crop functions of weed suppression and prevention of soil erosion and compaction are often also taken into account when selecting and using green manures.
Some green manure crops, when allowed to flower, provide forage for pollinating insects.
Green manure crops
Winter cover crops such as oats or rye have long been used as green manures.
Sunn hemp
Winter tares
Winter field beans
Ferns of the genus Azolla have been used as a green manure in southeast Asia.
Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens) Common in the southern US during the early part of the 20th century, before being replaced by soybeans.
Popular today in most tropical countries, especially in Central America where it is the main green manure used in Slash/Mulch farming practices.
Green manures in organic farming
Organic farming relies on soil health and cycling of nutrients through the soil using natural processes, such as the addition of animal manures.
If animal manures are not available, in a stockless rotation, green manures perform a vital function of fertilization.
Overview of cover crops and green manures
Using green manure to grow rice
The normal distribution is a probability distribution.
It is also called Gaussian distribution because it was first discovered by Carl Friedrich Gauss.
The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is very important in many fields of science.
Normal distributions are a family of distributions of the same general form.
These distributions differ in their location and scale parameters: the mean ("average") of the distribution defines its location, and the standard deviation ("variability") defines the scale.
These two parameters are represented by the symbols  and , respectively.
The standard normal distribution (also known as the Z distribution) is the normal distribution with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one (the green curves in the plots to the right).
It is often called the bell curve, because the graph of its probability density looks like a bell.
Many values follow a normal distribution.
This is because of the central limit theorem, which says that if an event is the sum of identical but random events, it will be normally distributed.
Measurement errors
Light intensity (so-called Gaussian beams, as in laser light)
Intelligence is probably normally distributed.
There is a problem with accurately defining or measuring it, though.
Insurance companies use normal distributions to model certain average cases.
Cumulative Area Under the Standard Normal Curve Calculator  from Daniel Soper's Free Statistics Calculators website.
Computes the cumulative area under the normal curve (i.e., the cumulative probability), given a z-score.
Interactive Distribution Modeler (incl.
Normal Distribution).
GNU Scientific Library – Reference Manual – The Gaussian Distribution
Normal Distribution Table
Download free two-way normal distribution calculator
Download free normal distribution fitting software
Probability distributions
Organic waste such as dead plant and animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste can be converted into gaseous fuel called biogas.
The organic waste is decomposed by bacteria in biogas digesters to emit biogas which is essentially a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
In ecology, biomass means the accumulation of living matter.
It is the total living material in a given area or a biological community or group.
Biomass is measured by weight, or by dry weight, per given area (per square metre or square kilometer).
In the energy industry, it refers to biological material which can be used as fuel or for industrial production.
Biomass includes plant matter grown for use as biofuel, and also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, chemicals or heat.
Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes which can be burnt as fuel.
It excludes organic material which has been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum.
It is usually measured by dry weight.
Energy industry
Biomass is grown from several plants, including switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow and sugarcane.
The particular plant used is usually not very important to the end products, but it does affect the processing of the raw material.
Though biomass is a renewable fuel, its use can still contribute to global warming.
This happens when the natural carbon equilibrium is disturbed; for example by deforestation or urbanization of green sites.
Biomass is part of the carbon cycle.
Photosynthesis converts carbon from the atmosphere into plant matter.
When the plant rots or burns, the carbon goes back into the atmosphere.
This happens somewhat quickly, and plant matter used as a fuel can be constantly replaced by planting for new growth.
Therefore, it doesn't much change the amount of atmospheric carbon.
Although fossil fuels come from things that died long ago, they are not considered biomass by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been 'out' of the carbon cycle for a very long time.
Burning fossil fuels in combustion therefore adds much carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Paper (using cellulose fibres)
Biodegradable plastics
Plastics from biomass, like some made to dissolve in seawater, are made the same way as petroleum-based plastics, are actually cheaper to manufacture and meet or exceed most performance standards.
But they lack the water resistance of conventional plastics.
The most successful animal, in terms of biomass, is the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, with a biomass of probably over 500 million tons across the world, about twice the total biomass of humans.
AllGreen Energy - Electricity Generation from Biomass
Everything Biomass
Michigan Biomass Energy Program
BioMASS Laboratory at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Forest Bioenergy
Biomass -Citizendium
Variance describes how much a random variable differs from its expected value.
The variance is defined as the average of the squares of the differences between the individual (observed) and the expected value.
This means that it is always positive.
A variance is often represented by the symbol , if the data is the entire population, and , if the data is from a sample.
In practice, variance is a measure of how much something changes.
For example, temperature has more variance in Moscow than in Hawaii.
The variance is not simply the average difference from the expected value.
The standard deviation, which is the square root of the variance and comes closer to the average difference, is also not simply the average difference.
Variance and standard deviation are used because it makes the mathematics easier—when adding two random variables together.
Karl Pearson, the father of biometry, first used the term variance as follows:"It is here attempted to (show) the biometrical properties of a population of a more general type that has (..) been examined, inheritance in which follows this scheme.
It is hoped that in this way it will be possible to make a more exact analysis of the causes of human variability.
The great body of available statistics shows us that the the deviations of a human measurement from its mean follow very closely the Normal Law of Errors, and that  therefore, the variablility may be uniformly measured by the standard deviation, corresponding to the square root of the mean square error."
Normal distribution, with variance and mean as parameters
Tarzan's Treehouse is a walk-through attraction in Disneyland in Anaheim, California.
It was originally called the Swiss Family Treehouse.
The treehouse explores the past of the Disney character Tarzan.
The tree is fake, but is considered by Disney imagineers a real species or Disneyodendron eximus which translates to "out of the ordinary Disney tree".
The tree has 1,400 branches and 300,000 polyethlyne leaves.
The tree is covered in live Spanish moss.
Tarzan (Disney)
Adam Henryk Małysz (born 3 December 1977 in Wisła, Poland) is a Polish former ski jumper.
He has four Olympic medals (3 silver, 1 bronze).
His longest jump was 230,5 meters.
Since 2011 he is a rally driver.
1st places
Skiers
Salome or Salomé (Hebrew: שלומית Shlomit)  (c AD 14  between 62 and 71), is the name of a character in the New Testament.
Her name is not actually given there, but she was an entirely historical person.
She was the daughter of Herod Antipas and Herodias.
Her name is pronounced with a short 'o', and the 'e' at the end is sounded.
Biblical character
According to Mark 6:21-29, Salome was the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, and danced before Herod and her mother Herodias at the occasion of Herod's birthday.
The New Testament suggests that Salome caused John the Baptist to be executed because his spoke out that Herod's marriage to Herodias was adulterous.
Herodias put her up to the demand that John be executed, something the king was initially reluctant to do.
And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee; And when the daughter of the said Herodias came in, and danced, and pleased Herod and them that sat with him, the king said unto the damsel, Ask of me whatsoever thou wilt, and I will give it thee.
And he sware unto her, Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will give it thee, unto the half of my kingdom.
And she went forth, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask?
And she said, The head of John the Baptist.
And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger [a large serving plate] the head of John the Baptist.
And the king was exceeding sorry; yet for his oath's sake, and for their sakes which sat with him, he would not reject her.
And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison, and brought his head in a charger, and gave it to the damsel: and the damsel gave it to her mother.
And when his disciples heard of it, they came and took up his corpse, and laid it in a tomb. (
Mark 6:21-29, King James Bible)
For Herod had laid hold on John, and bound him, and put him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife.
For John said unto him, It is not lawful for thee to have her.
And when he would have put him to death, he feared the multitude, because they counted him as a prophet.
But when Herod's birthday was kept, the daughter of Herodias danced before them, and pleased Herod.
Wereupon he promised with an oath to give her whatsoever she would ask.
And she, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger.
And the king was sorry: nevertheless, for the oath's sake, and them which sat with him at meat, he commanded it to be given her.
And his head was brought in a charger, and given to the damsel: and she brought it to her mother.
Her name
Her name is established by being mentioned in the account by Flavius Josephus in Josephus's Jewish Antiquities (Book XVIII, Chapter 5, 4).
Despite the early date of this account, she was not always called Salome until the nineteenth century, when Gustave Flaubert (following Josephus) referred to her as Salome in his play Herodias'' (1876).
There is a coin with her name on it.
This rare coin bears the inscription BACIΛIC ΣΆΛΩΜΉ (Queen Salome).
It is the reverse side of her later husband's coinage of Chalcis and Armenia Minor He was Aristobulus of Chalcis.
The story above has been adapted to various forms of art.
Innumerable paintings about it exist.
There is a play by Oscar Wilde.
Operas about it have been composed by Richard Strauss and Jules Massenet.
Ballets by Florent Schmit and Flemming Flindt.
Various films have also been made between 1918 and 2006.
The antagonist character in the bluegrass musical The Robber Bridegroom is named Salome.
Salome II entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
14 births
ar:سالومة
Winchester College is a well-known boys' school.
It is an example of a British public school.
The school is located in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England.
Its official name is Collegium Sanctae Mariae prope Wintoniam (or Collegium Beatae Mariae Wintoniensis prope Winton), or St Mary's College near Winchester.
The school is commonly just called "Winchester".
Winchester has existed for over six hundred years.
It has the longest unbroken history of any school in England.
It is the oldest of the original nine English public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868.
37% of students go to Cambridge or Oxford.
Winchester College was founded in 1382 by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor to Richard II.
The first seventy students entered the school in 1394.
It was founded with New College, Oxford.
Winchester was built to get students ready to attend New College.
This was the model for Eton College and King's College, Cambridge 50 years later and for Westminster School, Christ Church, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge in Tudor times.
Winchester College website
http://www.astoft.co.uk/winchestercollege Pages on the architecture of the College
1382 establishments
Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a 1992 American action/comedy fantasy movie about a cheerleader (Kristy Swanson) chosen by fate to fight and kill vampires.
The movie is a light parody.
It goes against the clichés of horror movies.
The movie led to a darker and much more popular TV series of the same name.
The television series starred Sarah Michelle Gellar and was created and produced by screenwriter Joss Whedon.
Whedon often said how the television series was more like his vision than the movie.
When the movie was first released, it was moderately successful and received mixed reviews from critics.
1992 comedy movies
1990s fantasy movies
Fran Rubel Kuzui is an American movie director and producer.