the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
By being able to appoint the President, rather than having the people elect a President, many felt that too much power was being given to Parliament with no check or balance on that power.
Support for holding another referendum in the near future seems to be growing, and another referendum may be held.
Former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd said the current (2012) situation "no longer reflects either the fundamental democratic principles that underpin the Australian nation or its diversity".
He was thinking about a referendum for an independent, elected President.
He went on to say that "over the next year there would be an "accelerated public debate" about the monarchy question".
Constitution Day is celebrated on 9 July, the date the Constitution became law in 1900.
The date is not a public holiday.
Constitution Day was first held on 9 July 2000 to mark the centenary of the Constitution as part of the Centenary of Federation.
The celebrations were not big and have not been widely held after 2001.
Constitution Day was revived in 2007 and is jointly organised by the National Archives of Australia, which holds the original Constitution documents, and the Department of Immigration and Citizenship.
Official text (PDF)  as changed and in force today within Australia, from ComLaw
Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, 1900 .
The history, development, and structure of the Australian constitution at Documenting a Democracy.
Full text (HTML) file of the Constitution .
From the Parliament of Australia web site.
Royal Commission of Assent  enacting the Constitution and founding of the Commonwealth of Australia.
From the National Archives of Australia web site.
The Australian Constitution: a First Reading, John Kilcullen, Macquarie University, 2004
Final Report of the Constitutional Commission Summary: 1988
Wildlife management is a general term for the process of keeping wild species at desirable levels as determined by wildlife managers.
Wildlife management can include game keeping, wildlife conservation and pest control.
Wildlife management has become an integrated science using disciplines such as mathematics, chemistry, biology, ecology, climatology and geography to gain the best results.
Wildlife conservation aims to halt the loss of species.
It does this by taking using ecological principles to balance the needs of wildlife with the needs of people.
Most wildlife is concerned with the preservation and improvement of habitats.
Techniques can include reforestation, pest control, irrigation, coppicing and hedge laying.
Game keeping is the management or control of wildlife for the wellbeing of game birds.
It may include killing other animals which share the same niche or predators to maintain a high population of the more profitable species, such as pheasants introduced into woodland.
In his 1933 book Game Management, Aldo Leopold, one of the pioneers of wildlife management as a science, defined it as "the art of making land produce sustained annual crops of wild game for recreational use".
Drift velocity is the average velocity with which free particles, for example electrons, are pulled towards an electric field.
Snow Patrol, a Scottish alternative rock band previously known as Polarbear
"Polar Bear", a song by Smile, later recorded by Queen
A make of undersuit for a diving drysuit.
A nickname for the ice-road truck driver Hugh Rowland in Ice Road Truckers
Alexander Auld (born January 7, 1981) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Auld has also played for the New York Rangers, Vancouver Canucks, Florida Panthers, Phoenix Coyotes, Boston Bruins, Ottawa Senators and Dallas Stars of the NHL.
He has appeared internationally for Team Canada on three occasions – the 2001 World Junior Championships, the 2004 Spengler Cup, and the 2006 World Championships.
OHL Second All-Rookie Team - 1999
OHL Third All-Star Team - 2001
Cyclone Taylor Trophy (Vancouver Canucks MVP) - 2006
Molson Cup (Vancouver Canucks three-star selection leader) - 2006
2001 World Junior Championships (bronze medal)
2004 Spengler Cup (3rd place)
2006 World Championships (4th place)
Auld's biography at Hockeygoalies.org
A grove is a small group of trees with little or no undergrowth.
For example: a sequoia grove, or a small orchard planted for the cultivation of fruits or nuts.
Other words for groups of trees include woodland, copse, woodlot, thicket or spinney.
The National Grove of State Trees at the United States National Arboretum
Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (, tr.
Ígor' Ivánovič Sikórskij; May 25, 1889 – October 26, 1972) was a Russian–American aviation pioneer in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft.
He built and improved upon the first helicopter that could be used.
Sikorsky graduated from the Marine Cadet Corps (1903–1906) in Saint Petersburg and the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute (1907–1911).
He studied at the Paris Technical School (1906).
On February 18, 1918, he emigrated to the French Republic (Paris), and in March, 1919 he moved to the United States.
Until 1923, he had no his own income, sometimes he gave pilot lessons and lectured in secondary schools.
But it was changed in 1923, when he founded an aviation company, later Sikorsky became the owner of the design and construction company "Sikorsky Aircraft".
By 1939 he had built about 15 types of aircraft.
His helicopter was first shown to be useful when he added a winch on it.
Soon after this, it saved the lives of two sailors during a hurricane.
He died on October 26, 1972 in Easton.
Since his death, his office at Sikorsky Aircraft has been left.
There are two kinds of food poisoning: poisoning by toxic agent or by infectious agent.
Food infection is when the food contains bacteria or other microbes which infect the body after it is eaten.
Food intoxication is when the food contains toxins, including bacterially produced exotoxins, which can  happen even when the microbe that produced the toxin is no longer present or able to cause infection.
Even though it is commonly called "food poisoning", most cases are caused by a variety of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, prions or parasites that contaminate food, rather than chemical or natural toxins which are what we usually call poison.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 76 million people in the United States become ill from the food they eat, and about 5,000 of them die every year.
Symptoms start within hours to many days after eating.
Depending on what the cause of the poisoning was, they can include one or more of the following: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, fever, pain in the head or fatigue.
In most cases the body is able to permanently get better after a short period of acute discomfort and illness.
Food borne illnesses can result in permanent health problems or even death, especially for people at high risk, including babies, young children, pregnant women (and their fetuses), elderly people, sick people and others with weak immune systems.
Food borne illness due to Campylobacter, Yersinia, Salmonella or Shigella infection is a major cause of reactive arthritis, which typically occurs 1–3 weeks after diarrheal illness.
Similarly, people with liver disease are especially susceptible to infections from Vibrio vulnificus, which can be found in oysters or crabs.
Descriptions of the main microbes that make food unsafe
How long does food poisoning last?
It is currently used for football matches, a few athletics matches, but most often for Arirang performances (also known as the Mass Games).
The stadium can seat 150,000, which is the largest stadium in the world that is not used for auto racing.
The stadium is most famous for being the place where large shows celebrating Kim Il-sung and the North Korean nation were held.
In June-July 2002, the "Arirang" gymnastic and artistic performances were held there.
There were 100,000+ people taking part —double the number of people watching— and was open to foreigners, which is rare.
These performances now happen every year, usually in August and September.
The Guinness Book of Records has recognized these events as the largest in the world.
Stadiums in Asia
Badwater Basin is a basin in Death Valley National Park, Death Valley, California.
The water which goes into it does not flow into any ocean.
Badwater Basin is the lowest point in North America, at  below sea level.
Mount Whitney, the highest point in the 48 states, is only 76 miles west of the Basin.
It is one of the lowest places in Death Valley.
Badwater Basin has a small natural pool of undrinkable water next to the road.
The water comes from a spring.
It is called 'Badwater' because people cannot drink the water.
This is because so much salt has built up from the basin.
The pool does have animals and plants living there, including pickleweed, insects, and the Badwater snail.
The pool is not actually the lowest point of the basin.
The lowest point is several miles to the west, the exact point which is lowest changes.
However, the salt flats are dangerous to travel across (in many cases being only a thin white crust over mud), therefore the sign states that the lowest point is at the pool, where people can see it.
Some people say that it is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere, but this is not true.
The lowest point is actually Laguna del Carbón in Argentina at -105 meters (-344 feet).
At Badwater Basin, big rainstorms sometimes flood the bottom of the valley.
They cover the salt pan with a thin sheet of standing water.
This makes new lakes, but the lakes do not last long.
This is because the average  of rain that falls every year is much lower than the a 150-inch annual evaporation rate, so all the water evaporates away.
This means that even a 12-foot-deep, 30-mile-long lake would dry up in a single year.
While the basin is flooded, some of the salt dissolves and goes back into the basin as clean crystals when the water evaporates.
Painted on the cliff above Badwater is a sign that says "Sea Level"  which people visiting like to look at.
During the Holocene, when the regional climate was less dry, streams that ran from mountains in the area slowly filled Death Valley until it was 3 feet (1m) deep.
Eventually, there was a  long lake, Lake Manly.
The wet times with much rain did not last.
The temperature got warmer, and there was less rain.
The lake began to dry up, and as the water evaporated, the lake became saltier.
Eventually, only a soup of brine was left.
Salts (95% table salt: NaCl) began to turn into crystals, covering the surface with a thick crust from three inches to five feet thick (1-1.7m).
John McKinney: California's Desert Parks: A Day Hiker's Guide.
Wilderness Press 2006, , S. 54-55
Don J. Easterbrook (Hrsg): Quaternary Geology of the United States.
Geological Society of America 2003, , S.63-64
Badwater Basin in the Encyclopædia Britannica
Brian Wesley Campbell (born  May 23, 1979 in Strathroy, Ontario) is a former Canadian ice hockey defenceman.
He also played for the Chicago Blackhawks, San Jose Sharks, and Buffalo Sabres.
He also played in the NHL with the Buffalo Sabres for 8 seasons, the San Jose Sharks for 1 season and the Chicago Blackhawks for 3 seasons.
He was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres with the 156th overall pick in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.
He also played 4 seasons in the OHL for the Ottawa 67's and 1 season in SM-liiga for Jokerit.
A speech was made by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to the U.S. Congress on March 12, 1947.
In this speech he said he thought that the United States should help Greece and Turkey to stop them being 'totalitarianists' although he meant Soviet Communism.
This became known as the Truman Doctrine.
Some historians believe that this was the start of the Cold War.
This speech was made after the United Kingdom said that they would stop helping Greece and Turkey in February 1947 since the U.K. was also poor after the cost of World War II.
This meant that Greece and Turkey would still be poor and Truman believed that a poor Eastern Europe would convert to a Communist government more easily unless helped by the United States.
Truman wrongly thought that the Soviets were helping the Greek Communist partisans when there was no clear proof.
This plan was a big change to American politics.
Political historian Walter LaFeber wrote that 'the doctrine became an ideological shield' which means that he believed that the United States used the doctrine as an excuse or reason.
The Marshall Plan came after because of this.
1947 in the United States
"God Defend New Zealand", called "Aotearoa" (simply "New Zealand") in Māori, is the title of the most popular national anthem of New Zealand.
It was originally a poem written by Thomas Bracken in the 1870s until it was set to music by John Joseph Woods as part a competition for ten guineas in 1876.
Two years later, Thomas Henry Smith wrote the lyrics in Māori—one of the country's official languages.
The anthem was adopted in 1977.
NBA.com profile
People from Carbondale, Illinois
The Target Center is an arena in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota.
It is sponsored by Target Corporation.
The arena has 702 club seats and 68 suites.
The center is home to the National Basketball Association's Minnesota Timberwolves.
From 1994–1996, it was home to the Minnesota Arctic Blast of RHI.
In 1996, it was home to the Arena Football League team Minnesota Fighting Pike.
The Women's National Basketball Association's Minnesota Lynx also play in the arena.
Sports buildings in Minneapolis, Minnesota
John Joseph Woods was a New Zealand teacher and songwriter.
He is best known for winning a competition to set "God Defend New Zealand", a poem by Thomas Bracken, to music.
By doing this, he composed the tune to what later became New Zealand's national anthem.
Woods was also the Tuapeka County Council clerk for 55 years.
Woods was born in Tasmania in 1849 into an Irish family with fourteen other children, seven boys and seven girls.
His father was a soldier.
After teaching in Tasmania for nine years, he came to New Zealand as a young man and worked for a time in Nelson, Christchurch, Dunedin and Invercargill.
Eight years teaching in New Zealand led to a position as the head teacher of St Patrick's School in Lawrence, Otago, and he moved there from Invercargill in 1874.
Woods was known as a good musician.
He was choirmaster of the local Catholic church, and could play twelve different instruments, though he was best known for his skill on the violin.
Singing a solo at his own wedding, Woods showed that he was also a good singer.
While in Lawrence, Woods taught with an Irish widow called Harriet Conway (née Plunket) who already had two sons.
They were married in September 1874 and had four children together, three sons and a daughter named Mary.
In 1902, Woods built a house of brick and wood on the corner of Lismore and Lancaster Streets.
He lived there until he died in 1934.
It is now under the care of the Historic Places Trust, which mounted a plaque on the street-facing back wall to remember his composition of the national anthem.
Composition of the national anthem
One night in the winter of June 1876, Woods read about the competition in the Saturday Advertiser.
According to tradition, he usually met the coach that delivered the news in the main street of Lawrence to pick up his paper.
It was already 9 pm, but he went straight to his piano and in that one sitting composed the tune for what later became the national anthem.
In a later letter to A.H. Reed, he explained that the words inspired him so much he had to write music for them.
He entered his composition under the pen name of "Orpheus".
The Advertiser sent it off with the eleven other submissions to Melbourne, where it was judged.
In October 1876, it was announced that the three judges all agreed that Woods' composition was the clear winner.
The prize was ten guineas.
The rules of the competition meant that the copyright of the music would belong to the Saturday Advertiser, which gave the manuscript to the Dunedin-based Charles Begg & Co to publish, but a nine-month delay in sending it to a publisher was followed by two months of waiting for it to be printed.
The end result was a very poor edition with only one verse, which was thrown out by the Advertiser.
When promises of reprint failed to come true, the Advertiser was forced to hand the copyright back over to Woods.
He immediately arranged for it to be printed by Hopwood and Crew in London, with Bracken's blessing.
Bracken did not mean for his poem to become the national anthem, and it was Woods who had always used the word "anthem" where Bracken called it a "hymn".
Being a choirmaster, Woods' focus in composing the melody was to make it simple and easy for children to sing.
This proved to help its success when the Premier George Grey visited Lawrence on 11 March 1878 and was welcomed by six hundred local schoolchildren singing what was by then beginning to be labelled as the "national anthem".
Grey was very taken by the music and immediately sent a telegram to Bracken congratulating him.
In 1877, Woods stopped teaching and became the county clerk for the Tuapeka County Council.
He was known for working 13-hour days and keeping accounts of such a high standard that he was accepted as a fellow of the Registered Accountants of New Zealand.
Serving in this role, he also became known as an authority on county law, sought out by the council and clerks of other regions.
He also organised the decoration of council office buildings to mark Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897.
Other honours
Woods was deeply involved in the affairs of the town.
He was a member of many local clubs and societies.
He was also known as an expert on cultivating daffodils, of which his collection was the largest in the area.
In 1884, Woods was elected first president of the local choral society.
New Zealand people
FC Twente is a football club from Enschede in the Netherlands.
They play in the Eredivisie and also in the UEFA Champions League.
FC Twente currently holds the national cup and the Johan Cruijff Schaal.
In season 2010/11 they ended second in the league.
FC Twente was founded on 1 July 1965 as a combination of Sportclub Enschede and Enschedes Boys.
The two professional football teams in Enschede at that time (Sportclub Enschede and Enschedese Boys) had both money problems and were forced to merge.
FC Twente started in the Eredivisie (highest Dutch league) and within a few years they were part of the top of Dutch football.
Between 1970 and 1980 they came close to several prizes, but they always lost the final.
In 1974 the ended second in the Eredivisie and in 1975 the lost the Dutch cup final as well as the UEFA Cup final (after beating Juventus in the semi-final).
Only in 1978 they won the Dutch Cup (by beating PEC Zwolle in the final with 3-0).
In the next decade (1980-1990) the club went down hill, with the relegation to the Eerste Divisie (second tier of Dutch football) in 1983 as all-time low.
Twente was back in the Eredivisie within a year however.
In the nineties Twente played a modest role in Dutch football, usually ending around the 5th place in the Eredivisie.
In the first decade of the 21st century the golden era started.
In 2001 FC Twente won the Dutch cup by beating PSV Eindhoven in the final with a penalty shootout.
This victory caused huge celebrations in the eastern part of the Netherlands.
This showed the popularity of the club in the region, eventhough FC Twente almost never wins a prize.
In 2003 the club almost went bankrupt and Joop Munsterman took over as chairman.
He understood the potential of this club and developed a plan to increase the sportive, economic and social capacity of Twente.
In 2008 the stadium size was increased from 13,500 to 24,000 seats.
In 2011 the stadium was further increased to 30,000 seats.
FC Twente again played on the top of the Dutch league, resulting in their first national title in 2010.
Also the Intertoto Cup was won in 2006, the Johan Cruijff Schaal was won in 2010 and 2011 and the Dutch cup in 2011.
In these years FC Twente also started a social programm to help unemployed people to find a job, encourage handicaped people to do sports and to give away free seats in the stadium to people that cannot afford a ticket.
Champion of the Netherlands (1)
(runner up (4): 1973-74, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2010-11)
Dutch Cup (3)
1978, 2001, 2011
(runner up (4): 1975, 1979, 2003, 2009)
Dutch Super cup (2)
(runner up (1): 2001)
(runner up (1): 1975)
Intertoto Cup (1)
For recent transfers, see List of Dutch football transfers winter 2011–12 and List of Dutch football transfers summer 2012.
Eddie Jamaal Griffin (May 30, 1982 – August 17, 2007) was an American professional basketball player.
He last played for the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves.
Career statistics at Basketball-Reference.com
NBA.com Profile - Eddie Griffin
Target Field is the home baseball park of the Minnesota Twins.
It is in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota.
It is the team's sixth ballpark and third in Minnesota.
The Twins moved to Target Field in 2010 after 28 seasons at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome.
It is the first stadium built just for the Twins.
Twins staff moved in on January 4, 2010.
Stadium site on twinsbaseball.com
Minnesota Ballpark Authority official website
The Twins Stadium Bill  MN State Legislature HF2480, SF2297
Minnesota Legislative Reference Library: Baseball Stadiums
TwinsBallpark2010 Construction Blog
Ballpark FAQ
21st-century establishments in Minnesota
Xcel Energy Center (also called The X) is a multi-purpose arena in Saint Paul, Minnesota, sponsored by Xcel Energy.
Xcel Energy Center official website
Arena map and directions
Honeycrisp is an apple cultivar that was made at the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station's Horticultural Research Center at the  University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
Named in 1974 as the MN 1711, and released in 1991, the Honeycrisp has rapidly become a prized commercial commodity, as its sweetness, firmness, and tartness make it a good apple for eating raw.
The Honeycrisp also keeps its pigment well and has a long shelf life when kept in cool, dry areas.
Thomas Cullum Pyatt (born February 14, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre that played for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He also played for the Montreal Canadiens and Tampa Bay Lightning.
He has also played for the Montreal Canadiens from 2009 to 2011.
He is the son of former NHL player Nelson Pyatt and brother of New York Rangers forward Taylor Pyatt.
A paper mill is a factory that produces paper, usually using vegetable fibers or wood pulp.
Wood and other raw materials are cut into small chips and cooked with chemicals in large vessels.
The chemicals separate a substance called cellulose from the wood fibres.
The cellulose is then added with other chemicals and additives, and pressed into paper in large machines called paper machines.
Most paper is made from pine, spruce and eucalyptus.
Other things often used include rags.
Louise Elisabeth Glück (born April 22, 1943) is an American poet.
She has won many awards, including the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1993 for her book The Wild Iris and National Book Award of Poetry in 2014 for her book Faithful and Virtuous Night.
She was the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 2003.
Firstborn (1968)
The House on Marshland (1975)
The Garden (1976)
Descending Figure (1980)
The Triumph of Achilles (1985)
Ararat (1990)
The Wild Iris (1992)
Mock Orange (1993)
The First Four Books of Poems (1995)
Meadowlands (1997)
Vita Nova (1999)
The Seven Ages (2001)
Averno (2006)
A Village Life (2009) (shortlisted for the 2010 International Griffin Poetry Prize)
Proofs and Theories: Essays on Poetry (1994)
Louise Glück at poets.org
Louise Glück: Online Resources from the Library of Congress
Sailing is the craft of controlling a boat that uses the force of the wind as a source of movement.
Sailing boats were very important to move cargo and people.
Starting at the end of the 19th century they were gradually replaced by the boats that used steam to generate motion.
Today, sailing is a hobby some people have.
In some regions of the world, sailing vessels still keep their importance.
Sailing is also a competitive sport.
It is one of the sports in the Olympic Games.
Ben Gibbard (born August 11, 1976) is an American singer.
He is the lead singer of the indie bands Death Cab for Cutie and The Postal Service.
He is also a solo artist.
He was married to actress and musician Zooey Deschanel from 2009 to 2012.
Death Cab for Cutie's official website
20 Questions with Ben Gibbard from 2000
Danny Lennon (born 6 April 1970) is a former footballer from Northern Ireland.
He is currently the manager of Scottish Premier League side St Mirren.
Chip Ganassi Racing Teams is an American racing team that is one of the best teams in American racing.
They compete in the IndyCar Series, NASCAR, and sportscar racing.
Their IndyCar drivers are Ryan Briscoe, Scott Dixon, Tony Kanaan, and Charlie Kimball.
Dixon is the current IndyCar champion, which he won for the third time in 2013.
Ganassi's NASCAR team's drivers are Jamie McMurray and Kyle Larson.
Their sportscar team's drivers are Scott Pruett, Marino Franchitti, and Memo Rojas.
Until 2016 two of Ganassi's IndyCar cars were sponsored by Target.
Target was also a sponsor for Ganassi's Nascar cars until 2017.
The drivers of the Target sponsored cars were often in Target advertising and posters of them could be seen in many Target stores.
On June 30th 2021 it was announced that Trackhouse Racing had purchased Chip Ganassi Racing's Nascar team.
Chip Ganassi Racing will complete the 2021 Nascar season.
Trackhouse Racing will become the owner at the end of the season.
Chip Ganassi Racing will continue to operate their teams racing in other divisions such as Indycar.
Ishmaelites are the descendants of Ishmael, the oldest son of Abraham.
Today, the descendants of Ishmael are mainly living in Arabian Peninsula and are called Arabs.
Ishmael was born of Hagar, the servant of Sarah, Abraham's wife.
Isaac, Sarah's son, is the father of the Israelites.
This article is about the computing protocol.
For the substance used for cleaning, see soap
SOAP is a protocol used in computing.
Web services use this protocol to communicate.
SOAP uses XML to encode a message.
It uses other application-layer protocols, for transport, and content negotiation, for example HTTP and Remote procedure call.
The most common combination is to use SOAP with HTTP and TCP.
There are different versions, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2.
Before version 1.2 SOAP stood for Simple Object Access Protocol.
Since version 1.2 the protocol is simply called SOAP.
This is because the protocol is not simple, and that it can be used for other purposes than accessing objects.
SOAP is a lightweight protocol intended for exchanging structured information in a decentralized, distributed environment.
SOAP uses XML technologies to define an extensible messaging framework, which provides a message construct that can be exchanged over a variety of underlying protocols.
The framework has been designed to be independent of any particular programming model and other implementation specific semantics.
SOAP Versions
Messaging Framework
The core section of the SOAP specification is the messaging framework.
The SOAP messaging framework defines a suite of XML elements for "packaging" arbitrary XML messages for transport between systems.
The framework consists of the following core XML elements: Envelope, Header, Body, and Fault, all of which are from the http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/ namespace in SOAP 1.1.
I've provided the full XML Schema definition for SOAP 1.1 in the following code for your reference as you read through the remainder of this section.
Personally, I find it helpful to inspect the schema whenever familiarizing myself with XML constructs.
SOAP UI is a tool use to test whether SOAP is sending and receiving the messages properly as part of Unit testing in IT projects.
"Jamaica, Land We Love" is the national anthem of Jamaica.
The words were written by Hugh Sherlock and the music was composed by Robert Lightbourne and arranged by Mapletoft Poulle.
Eternal Father, bless our land
Guide us with Thy mighty hand
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love
Jamaican Government site on the Anthem (with lyrics) and Pledges
Sound file (mp3)
1960s establishments in Jamaica
Bethel is a town in northern Maine.
It is part of the Oxford County.
In 2002, there were 2,411 people living in the town.
Promotional tours
Madonna Tour Archives
Usain St. Leo Bolt was born in 1986 and is a Jamaican runner and eight-time Olympic gold-medal winner.
He is also known as "Lightning Bolt".
Some people call him the fastest man in the world.
He has run 100 metres in 9.58 seconds and 200 metres in 19.30 seconds.
He took part in the 2012 London Olympics, and won gold in the 100
Usain Bolt won the IAAF Grand Prize in a 100 meter dash on May 31st, 2008 at Icahn Stadium in New York City.
He finished the race in 9.72 seconds and broke the world record.
On August 16th, 2008, he broke his world record again at the Olympic Games in Beijing.
On August 20th, 2008 he broke the world record for the men's 200 meter race.
On August 16th, 2009, he went to the 12th World Championships in Athletics and broke his own world record in the 100 meter race.
He ran that race in 9.58 seconds.
Surprisingly, in this race, he didn't try his hardest.
He looked around for the last five meters.
On August 28th, 2011, he ran in the 13th World Championships in Athletics in Daegu, South Korea.
He made a false start in the 100 meter race and was disqualified.
On August 5th, 2012, he won the men's 100 meter final in the London Olympics.
His finishing time was 9.63 seconds.
He also won the 4 x 100 meter relay race.
In 2017, his gold medal for the 2008 relay was disqualified because his teammate Nesta Carter had used drugs.
He had to give up his gold medal.
He is known to be a fan of the English Premier League soccer club,  Manchester United F.C.  He watched their games in person.
He also met the coach and players.
Male athletes
Ghebaleh, ( Ghbeleh) is a Village in Keserwan, Lebanon.
At 40 KM from the capital of Lebanon, Ghebaleh is thought to be the capital of Ftouh Kesrwan, with an altitude of 700-1100 meters above sea level.
22nd of july comemorates the "Eid Mar Nohra" the Patron Saint of the El Hosri Family a very renown family in Ghbeleh since they were the first Maronites to settle in Ghebaleh in the 16th century and who played a crucial and historical role in the rise of this heavenly village on the religious and social forefront throughout the years and across borders.
to name a few; Yousef Semaan El Hosri designated by the Wali as ruler of the Area, Dr. Chucri Nassif El Hosri one of the first 4 medical doctors in Lebanon graduated in 1900, Dr. Antoine Chucri El Hosri 1st Gastroentirologist in lebanon and president of the Order Of Doctors, Mr. Fernand Antoine Hosri a visinory Business Man who has dedicated years in the service of Mar Nohra and the renovation of this historic church.
Eid Mar Nohra spreads over a full week of festivities with the hype on the eve of the 22nd of July (21st Of july).
cities in Lebanon
Cinchona pubescens, the Quinine Tree, is known for because its bark has a lot of quinine.
It  has similar uses to Cinchona officinalis in making quinine, used for treatment of malaria.
It is native to Costa Rica, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.
In Ecuador, C. pubescens is found at altitudes from 300 to 3900 m above sea level.
It grows to about 10 metres in height.
It has the widest distribution of all Cinchona species
Planted on other tropical islands it has become an invasive species.
It grows quickly, and spreads by both seeds and root suckers.
Other plants are unable to grow in the shade that it creates.
In the Galapagos Islands the tree was planted by farmers as a crop for the quinine.
It has become a dominant species on Santa Cruz Island, taking over from the shrub Miconia and Fern-Sedges.
It is also invasive in Hawaii on Maui and the Big Island.
Attempts have been made to control the plant in the Galapagos National Park using a variety of methods.
It is not affected by many poisons, it will regrow from a stump or any piece of root left in the ground.
Controlling it over all of Santa Cruz island would cost several million US dollars according to research by the Charles Darwin Foundation.
International Friendship Day celebrations take place on the 4 January every year.
On this day, people spend time with their friends and express love for them.
The exchange of Friendship Day gifts like flowers, cards, and wrist bands is a popular tradition of this occasion.
In 1935, the United States Congress proclaimed the 1st Sunday of August as National Friendship Day.
Since then, celebration of National Friendship Day became an annual event.
Many other countries around the world adopted the tradition of dedicating a day to friends.
In 1997, the United Nations named Winnie the Pooh as the world's Ambassador of Friendship.
Today, Friendship Day is enthusiastically celebrated by many nations.
Celebrating
Many friends wish each other with exchange of gifts and cards on this day. "
Friendship bands" are very popular in India, Nepal and parts of South America.
Members of social networking sites celebrate Friendship Day on-line.
You do not have to buy a gift or spend money to enjoy Friendship Day.
This avoids accusations the fun is only a "marketing gimmick".
Other traditions
Día del Amigo (Spanish: "Friend's Day"), a celebration of friendship, held annually on 20 July mainly in Argentina and Uruguay, but also in some other countries.
Dia do Amigo (Portuguese: "Friend's Day"), celebration happens on 18 April because on 20 July, they celebrate International Friendship Day.
Joseph Carey Merrick (5 August    1862 – 11 April 1890) was an Englishman.
His face and body were deformed because of an illness.
To earn money, he was shown at freak shows.
He was called the Elephant Man.
He then became famous after he went to live at the London Hospital.
Some people who wrote about him wrongly thought he was called John Merrick.
Merrick was born in Leicester, England in 5 August 1862.
He started to become deformed when he was very young.
He was also disabled after he hurt his hip.
When he was 10, his mother died and his father married another woman.
Merrick left school aged 13 and tried to find a job but it was difficult because he was deformed and disabled.
His father and stepmother did not want him at home so he left home.
When he was 17, he went to live in a workhouse.
In 1884 Merrick wrote to a showman called Sam Torr.
Merrick asked Torr to show him as a "freak" exhibition.
Torr showed Merrick around the East Midlands, and then Merrick went to London.
He stayed in a shop on Whitechapel Road.
People would pay to look at him.
A surgeon doctor, Frederick Treves, came to see Merrick and took photographs of him.
Soon afterwards, Torr's freak shop was closed by the police and Merrick went to Belgium.
In Belgium, Merrick was robbed by his manager and left Brussels alone.
He found his way back to London.
Frederick Treves took him to the London Hospital where Treves worked.
Merrick was allowed to live there for the rest of his life.
Rich and famous people of Victorian London came to visit him there.
Merrick died on 11 April 1890, aged 27.
He died of either asphyxia (not being able to breathe properly) or a broken neck.
He had tried to lie down to go to sleep, but his head was too heavy for him to do that.
Today, nobody knows for sure what was wrong with Merrick.
Scientists think that he either had an illness called neurofibromatosis type I, one called Proteus syndrome, or both of these illnesses.
In 1980, movie director David Lynch made a movie about Merrick.
It is called The Elephant Man.
Baird was born in Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, Scotland.
He went to school at Larchfield Academy in Helensburgh and then went to the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College (which later became the University of Strathclyde); and the University of Glasgow.
He stopped being a student at the beginning of World War I.
Television experiments
Although lots of inventors helped to make television, Baird was an important person and made big advances.
Especially in Britain, lots of people say that Baird was the first person to make a live, moving, greyscale television picture from reflected light.
Baird did this by making a better photoelectric cell and making the signal conditioning better.
In 1925, Baird showed people his moving pictures on television at Selfridges department store in London.
In 1928, he showed the world's first colour television transmission.
In 1927, Baird made a signal go over  between London and Glasgow; Baird sent the world's first long-distance television pictures to the Central Hotel at Glasgow Central Station.
Baird did lots of work for the field of electronic television after mechanical systems stopped being used.
In 1939, he showed colour television using a cathode ray tube.
Other inventions
Some of Baird's early inventions did not work.
In his twenties he tried to make diamonds by heating graphite and ruined Glasgow's electricity supply.
Later Baird made a glass razor which did not get rusty
From December 1944 until he died two years later, Baird lived at a house in Station Road, Bexhill-on-Sea, immediately north of the station.
Baird died in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex, England on 14 June 1946 after a stroke in February 1946.
The old house was knocked down in 2007.
The Co-operative Food, sometimes simply known as the Co-op, is a brand used by the supermarket divisions of several consumer co-operatives in the United Kingdom, with The Co-operative Group being the largest most well known user.
Co-operatives are businesses which are ultimately owned by their customer-members and staff-members with each member having an equal say in the business is run.
Members elect the board and may vote on the strategic decisions of the business but are not usually involved in its day-to-day operations.
Members also receive a percent of the company's earnings each year as a 'Dividend'.
de:The Co-operative Food
The Co-operative Group is a United Kingdom consumers' cooperative, and, after the acquisition of Somerfield supermarkets, is the world's largest consumer-owned business, with over 4.5 million members and 123,000 employees across all its businesses.
Regional and local retail co-operative societies are corporate members of the Group.
Each member (each person registered to the 'Co-operative Membership' scheme) and every person employed has an equal say in how business is run.
Everyone has a right to help shape the company.
The Co-operative Group runs several businesses, including the famous Co-op supermarket chain.
Somerfield was a small UK supermarket chain.
It was founded in 1875 and is similar to the Co-op.
Alvin and the Chipmunks is a 2007 family comedy movie using Live-action/CGI.
The movie stars Jason Lee, David Cross, Cameron Richardson and Jane Lynch and the voices of Justin Long, Matthew Gray Gubler and Jesse McCartney.
Dave Seville, a desperate song producer, meets three talking, singing chipmunks named Alvin (the awesomest one), Simon (the smart one), and Theodore (the cute one).
Dave says that they can live with him if they sing his songs, but he later thinks that he made a terrible mistake when they ruin his house, his friendship with Claire Wilson (his girlfriend and next-door neighbor), and his job.
Dave gets along with them better when they became very popular singers.
Later on Dave's old friend and roommate, Ian Hawke trys to take the chipmunks away for fame and money.
Eventually, Dave gets the chipmunks back, and he learns to consider them as his family.
Also he and Claire get back together.
Cameron Richardson as Claire Wilson
Jane Lynch as Gail
Beth Riesgraf as Mother in Store
Adriane Lenox as Vet
Kevin Symons as Ted
Veronica Alicino as Amy
Frank Maharajh as Barry
Oliver Muirhead as Butler
An AIDS orphan is a child who became an orphan because at least one of their parents died of AIDS. (
An orphan is a child with no parents.)
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), use the term "AIDS orphan" to talk about children whose mothers died of AIDS before the child's 15th birthday, whether the child's father is still alive or not.
Because of this, some people say that 80% of all "AIDS orphans" still have one parent who is still alive.
There are 70,000 new AIDS orphans a year.
People in the past have guessed that by the year 2010, over 20 million children would be AIDS orphans.
Because most people who get AIDS are people who have sex, most people who die of AIDS are people who make most of their family's money (because most people who have sex are old enough to work).
This means that many AIDS orphans need help from their country's government to live, and need money.
This happens a lot in Africa especially.
In 2007, South Africa had more AIDS orphans than any other country, (although South Africa uses the term "AIDS orphan" differently than UNICEF and WHO.
South Africa uses the term to talk about children under age 18 who lost either their father or their mother to AIDS).
In 2005, the country with the highest percentage of AIDS orphans among the country's orphans was Zimbabwe.
AIDS Orphan Resources Around the Globe
Nam Child Wiki  (Namibian Wiki on Children)
Hejaz is the western region of Saudi Arabia, stretching along the Red Sea (Sea of Hejaz).
It extends from Taif in the south to Jordan in the north.
There are four important cities in this region:
Jeddah is the largest city, in the middle of the Red Sea coast.
Jeddah is the economic and tourism capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mecca is the holy city for Muslims because of Al-Haram Mosque and Al-Kaaba.
Muslims face this city when they pray, and millions go there every year in the Hajj, the Muslim pilgrimage.
Medina is the second most holy city, and was the first capital of Islam.
This is where the Mosque Of Prophet Muhammad is and where the Prophet Muhammad lived.
There are many monuments and historical places.
Taif is the youngest city.
Taif is a tourist city in Saudi Arabia due to the cooler climate compared with the other cities.
Hejaz has spiritual, cultural, economic and tourist importance.
Geography of Saudi Arabia
In computer coding, certain numbers, usually two bytes long (1 byte = 8 bits) that are called "words", can be written or input in two ways: little-endian and big-endian.
It depends on the data format and the way the computer reads the data.
Now, the way it's written right now is big-endian, because the bigger number is on the end. (
In hexadecimal, the numbers go from 0 to 9, then from A to F. After F, a 1 is added to the front. [
e.g. F+1=10, which is 16 in our numbering system])
Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines Ltd. is an English-based Formula One engine builder.
The company used to be known as Mercedes-Ilmor.
They are owned by Mercedes-Benz.
Since 1995, their engines have been used by the McLaren Formula One race cars.
For the  season, Mercedes-Benz also supplied the Brawn GP and Force India teams with engines.
In the  season Mercedes supplied McLaren, Force India.
They also supplied the engines for the new Mercedes-Benz factory team, Mercedes GP, which was formed from the Brawn GP team.
Ilmor was founded by Mario Illien and Paul Morgan in 1983, as an independent British Formula One engine manufacturer.
The company name was taken from the last names of the founders.
It originally started building engines for IndyCars.
They received financial support from IndyCar team owner and builder Roger Penske.
The Daimler-Benz company purchased Chevrolet's 25% share of Ilmor in 1993.
In 2002 Daimler AG increased its share to 55% and renamed the company Mercedes-Ilmor.
In 2005 Daimler became the sole owner of Ilmor and renamed the company Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines Ltd.
One division of the company was called Special Projects.
Since 2003, Special Projects had been building Honda's Indy Racing League engines.
In 2005, Special Projects split from Mercedes-Ilmor and became a separate company named Ilmor Engineering Ltd. Ilmor Engineering is owned by Mario Illien and Roger Penske.
This new company is totally independent of Mercedes-Benz.
In  Ilmor entered Formula One as an engine supplier.
They supplied engines to the Leyton House team.
Leyton House was formerly known as March.
In 1992, Leyton House changed its name back to March and continued using Ilmor engines.
Ilmor also supplied engines to the Tyrrell team in .
Powered by an Ilmor V10, Tyrrell scored 8 points, and March 3 points in the Formula One Championship.
Ilmor had developed a good name in F1.
When the Sauber sportscar-team and Mercedes-Benz were planning to enter Formula One together, they made a deal with Ilmor.
However, Ilmor deceided not to put the slogan "Concept by Mercedes-Benz" on the engines.
Since the engines were officially called Ilmor, Mercedes backed out of the project with Ilmor.
After an unexpectedly fast performance in , Sauber convinced Mercedes to join officially in 1994.
In  Ilmor also supplied the new Pacific GP team of Keith Wiggins with the old 1993 version of the engines.
Pacific only managed to qualify seven times in thirty-two tries.
The Ilmor engine was not the cause of this poor performance.
Ilmor became the engine partner to McLaren in .
The partnership received its first win at the 1997 Australian Grand Prix.
Mika Häkkinen won the driver's championships in the  and  seasons.
The McLaren team won the constructor's championship in .
After not winning a single race in the  season, McLaren bounced back and won the driver's championship in  season with Lewis Hamilton.
In 2001 Paul Morgan was killed while landing his vintage (antique) plane at Sywell Aerodrome, Northamptonshire.
This led to Mercedes-Benz increasing their financial involvement in Ilmor, and renamed the company Mercedes-Ilmor Ltd.
The age of majority is the age that children become adults by law.
This means that they are legally in control over their own actions and decisions, and their parents are no longer responsible for them.
When used this way, the word majority means having the full number of years to be an adult.
The opposite is minority, which means being a minor or child.
The law in a given place may never actually use the words "age of majority" when deciding when people become adults.
The age of majority is a legally fixed age and idea of adulthood which is different in different places.
It may not match the actual maturity of a person's body or mind.
The age of majority is 18 in the vast majority of jurisdictions, but ages as low as 15 and as high as 21 exist in some.
Once a person reaches the age of majority, there are some things they can do that they could not do before.
These may include buying stocks, voting, buying or drinking alcohol, driving cars on public roads, and marrying without having to ask for permission.
The ages that these things can be done are different depending on where the person lives.
Even after a person reaches the age of majority, there may be other age-based rules that they still have to follow, such as the right to stand for office in elections or become a judge.
For example, the youngest a person is allowed to purchase alcohol is 21 in all U.S. states even though the age of majority is 18 in most states.
The age of majority in the Republic of Ireland is 17, but a person must be over 21 years old to stand for election.
Emancipation is when a child is freed from the responsibility and care of their parents or legal guardians before they reach the age of majority.
Some places also do the same for minors who are in the armed forces or who have a certain degree or diploma.
Countries and subdivisions
All countries of the European Union (with exceptions as listed)
American Samoa, United States
Brazil (though one may vote at the age of 16)
Canada (provinces of Nova Scotia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Saskatchewan)
Croatia (16 if minor marries or has a child)
Guinea (minors are emancipated upon marriage)
Indonesia (minors are emancipated upon marriage)
Paraguay (minors are emancipated upon marriage)
Poland (minors are emancipated upon marriage)
Switzerland (14 if parents agree)
United Kingdom, (except Scotland)
United States, (with these exceptions: Alabama, Massachusetts and Nebraska, 19; Colorado, Mississippi and Puerto Rico, 21)
Alabama, United States