the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In addition to the mayor, Chicago's two other citywide elected officials are the clerk and the treasurer.
The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city.
The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions.
The current mayor is Lori Lightfoot since 2019.
Chicago is the largest city in the United States to have an African-American female and LGBT person as mayor.
Chicago had a murder rate of 14.5 per 100,000 residents in 2012.
Some smaller cities have higher rates, for example New Orleans, Newark, and Detroit had 53 murders per 100,000 residents in 2012.
The total number of murders in the city was highest in 1974, with 970 murders (murder rate of 29 per 100,000).
It was close  in 1992 with 943 murders (murder rate of 34 per 100,000).
Chicago had less violent crime rates in the 1990s.
It had 448 homicides in 2004, the lowest total since 1965 (15.65 per 100,000).
Chicago's murder rate was about the same in 2005, 2006, and 2007 with 449, 452, and 435.
Chicago is a major transportation spot in the United States.
It is an important part of distribution in the world because it is the third largest inter-modal port in the world after Hong Kong and Singapore.
Transit systems
The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) controls how the board of directors work at CTA, Metra, and Pace.
The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) controls public transportation in the city of Chicago.
The CTA controls a large group of buses and a fast transit elevated and subway system known as the 'L' (for "elevated"), with lines shown by colors.
Rapid transit lines go to Midway and O'Hare Airports.
The CTA's rail lines have the Red Line, Blue Line, Green Line, Orange Line, Brown Line, Purple Line, Pink Line, and Yellow Line.
The Red and Blue lines have 24‑hour service.
Metra, the nation's second-most used passenger regional rail network, operates an 11-line commuter rail service in Chicago and throughout the Chicago suburbs.
The Metra Electric Line shares its trackage with Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District's South Shore Line, which provides commuter service between South Bend and Chicago.
Pace provides bus and paratransit service in over 200 surrounding suburbs with some extensions into the city as well.
A 2005 study found that one quarter of commuters used public transit.
Greyhound Lines gives inter-city bus service to and from the city.
Chicago is also the spot for the Midwest network of Megabus.
Amtrak long distance services come from Union Station.
Chicago is one of the largest hubs of passenger rail service in the nation.
Famous people from Chicago
Born in Chicago
Edgar Rice Burroughs (died in 1950), writer
Walt Disney († 1966), cartoonist, businessman
Jack Benny (d. 1974), actor, comedian.
Vincent du Vigneaud († 1978), biochemist, got a Nobel Prize
John Belushi († 1982), actor
Philip K. Dick († 1982), author
Benny Goodman († 1986), musician
Bob Fosse († 1987), choreographer
Gene Siskel (d. 1999), movie critic.
Mike Douglas († 2006), entertainer
Bobby Fischer († 2008), chess player
Tom Bosley (d. 2010), actor who played Mr. C on Happy Days.
Betty Ford († 2011), First Lady
Kenneth Mars (d. 2011), actor and comedian.
Robin Williams († 2014), actor who grew up in Michigan and California
James Cronin (d. 2016), physicist, got a Nobel Prize
Hugh Hefner (d. 2017), founder of Playboy Magazines.
Donald Rumsfeld, politician, Secretary of Defense (d. 2021)
James Watson (1928-), got a Nobel Prize
Bob Newhart (1929-), actor, comedian.
Quincy Jones (1933-), musician
Mavis Staples (1939-), singer, member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Herbie Hancock (1940-), musician, pianist
John Ashcroft (1942-), politician, former head of Justice Department
Harrison Ford (1942-), actor
James Heckman (1944-), economist, got a Nobel Prize
Adrian Smith (1944-), architect
Bob Balaban (1945-), actor, writer, director, and producer.
Pat Sajak (1946-), host on television
Hillary Clinton (1947-), politician
Tom Berenger (1949-), actor
Francis Fukuyama (1952-), political scientist
Merrick Garland (1952-), politician, head of Justice Department (2021-)
James Belushi (1954-), actor
Rahm Emanuel (1959-), was White House Chief of Staff, mayor
Daryl Hannah (1960-), actress
Bonnie Hunt (1961-), actress, comedian.
Richard Marx (1963-), singer
Michelle Obama (1964-), was First Lady of the United States
Anastacia (1968-), singer
Bob Bryar (1979-), musician, was member of My Chemical Romance.
Emilie Autumn (1979-), singer and musician.
Jennifer Hudson (1981-), singer, actress.
Dwyane Wade (1982-), basketball player.
Derrick Rose (1988-), basketball player.
Chance the Rapper (1993-), rap artist
People who moved to Chicago
George Pullman (d. 1897), engineer.
Potter Palmer (d. 1902), architect, businessman.
Daniel Burnham (d. 1912), architect.
Jane Addams (d. 1935), founder of the Hull House.
Frank Lloyd Wright (d. 1959), architect (Robie House), and writer.
Nat «King» Cole (d. 1965), singer, grew up in Chicago
Carl Sandburg (d. 1967), poet.
Fazlur Khan (d. 1982), architect (Willis Tower, John Hancock Center)
Chris Farley (d. 1997), actor, comedian
Ronald Reagan (d. 2004), was president of the United States
Bruce Graham (d. 2010), architect (Willis Tower, John Hancock Center)
Alex Karras (d. 2012), actor, wrestler, and football player
Roger Ebert (d. 2013), movie critic.
James M. Buchanan (d. 2013), Nobel Prize-winning economist.
Mike Gray (d. 2013), screenwriter, activist, cinematographer
Ernie Banks (d. 2015), baseball player.
Nancy Reagan (d. 2016), First Lady of the United States.
Richard Peck (died in 2018), novelist, grew up in Chicago
Bernie Sanders (1941-), United States senator of Vermont and activist.
Bill Murray (1950-), actor, comedian.
Oprah Winfrey (1954-), actress, host on television
Wendy Schaal (1954-), actor and comedian.
Kathy Griffin (1960-), actress and comedian.
Barack Obama (1961-), former President of the United Sates
Christopher Nolan (1970-), director
Kanye West (1977-), rapper, musician, actor; grew up in Chicago
Chicago is in many movies.
for example The Blues Brothers; Ferris Bueller's Day Off; Child's Play, Home Alone; The Fugitive; The Untouchables, I, Robot; Wanted; Batman Begins; The Dark Knight; Transformers: Dark of the Moon; Man of Steel; Widows and Rampage.
Warsaw (Poland) 1960
Milan (Italy) 1973
Osaka (Japan) 1973
Casablanca (Morocco) 1982
Shanghai (China) 1985
Shenyang (China) 1985
Gothenburg (Sweden) 1987
Accra (Ghana) 1989
Prague (Czech Republic) 1990
Kyiv (Ukraine) 1991
Mexico City (Mexico) 1991
Toronto (Canada) 1991
Birmingham (United Kingdom) 1993
Vilnius (Lithuania) 1993
Hamburg (Germany) 1994
Petah Tikva (Israel) 1994
Athens (Greece) 1997
Durban (South Africa) 1997
Galway (Ireland) 1997
Moscow (Russia) 1997
Lucerne (Switzerland) 1998
Delhi (India) 2001
Amman (Jordan) 2004
São Paulo (Brazil) 2004
Belgrade (Serbia) 2005
Lahore (Pakistan) 2007
Busan (South Korea) 2007
Bogotá (Colombia) 2009
Paris (France) 1996
City of Chicago Homepage
Chicago Hotels
1830s establishments in Illinois
County seats in Illinois
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States between 1913 and 1921.
He was born in Virginia and grew up in Georgia.
In 1917, after the U.S. had been neutral, it got involved with the First World War.
Because of Wilson, the League of Nations was founded.
Therefore, he received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1919.
Between 1890 and 1902, Wilson worked as professor for law at Princeton University.
Woodrow Wilson, son of Joseph Ruggles Wilson and Janet "Jessie" Woodrow Wilson, was born in Staunton, Virginia, United States.
Wilson's father was a Presbyterian minister.
Wilson had one brother and two sisters.
He studied from 1875 to 1879 at the University of Princeton in New Jersey.
Between 1879 and 1883, Wilson studied law at the University of Virginia.
In 1885, he did a doctorate at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
His dissertation was about the "Congressional Government".
In the same year, Wilson was married to Ellen Louise Axson.
Wilson started to teach political science at Princeton University in 1886.
He became the director of Princeton University in 1902.
Wilson kept in this position until 1910.
Wilson's goal was to change the pedagogical system, the social system and the style of the campus.
He was elected to be the Governor of New Jersey for the Democratic Party in 1911.
On November 4, 1912, Wilson became the 28th President of the United States.
He won with 42% against the incumbent president William Howard Taft.
His time being president started in March 1913.
Wilson mostly handled domestic matters during his first term.
He passed laws to prevent monopolies from forming, started a few business regulations, passed laws protecting workers, and created the Federal Reserve.
During his second term, he also helped women gain the right to vote.
In 1914, his wife Ellen died of Bright's Disease.
His doctor, Cary Grayson, introduced him to a girl named Edith Galt, whose husband was also dead.
After two months they fell in love and got married.
For a long time he focused on her instead of his job as President.
But soon, he got back to work.
In 1917, Wilson entered the country in World War One.
America was previously neutral, but German submarines kept sinking American ships sailing in British waters and even tried to encourage Mexico to invade the United States, which was the final straw for Wilson.
World War One was a war between the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire) and the Allied Powers (England, France, and Italy).
America was on the Allies' side.
The Allies won the war a year later.
Wilson took a ship to Europe to talk with the leaders of the other Allies about what to do with Germany.
They came up with the Treaty of Versailles.
A part of the Treaty of Versailles said that there will be a group of countries called the League of Nations.
A lot of people in America did not like the League of Nations because they thought that it was none of America's business to mess with other countries' problems.
Wilson's political enemy, Senator Henry Lodge from Massachusetts, made a different version of the Treaty of Versailles.
Even though Wilson was very sick, he traveled around the country asking people to like the Treaty and the League.
Wilson ended up having a stroke.
It was the first time he had one.
It was very bad and Wilson was not able to run the country as best he could.
His thinking also was not great because of the stroke.
But, he stayed President and told Congress not to vote for Henry Lodge's new treaty.
Congress listened but also said no to Wilson's treaty.
Wilson received criticism for many of his decisions.
Theodore Roosevelt criticized him for entering the war too late.
Wilson nationalized private industries such as the telegraph, telephone, railroad, and prices rose exponentially.
As prices began to rise, a recession set in and racial riots began leading to 150 deaths.
His inability to subside racial struggles and the creation of the federal reserve make him one of the most consequential presidents of all time.
1856 births
American academics
American people of World War I
Governors of New Jersey
Johns Hopkins University alumni
People from Princeton, New Jersey
Politicians from New Jersey
Princeton University alumni
Princeton University faculty
Educators from Virginia
Brown is a color.
There are many ways to make the color brown - it can be a mixture of orange and black, of red, blue, and yellow, of red and green, of orange and blue, of purple and yellow, or of orange and black paint.
Some chocolate
Some hair
Tree bark
Tones of brown color comparison chart
Yoda is a fictional character from the Star Wars universe.
He is a Grand Jedi Master who plays an important part in the films.
Frank Oz voices Yoda.
Originally he was a puppet, played by Oz.
But in the last two movies, Episodes II and III, Yoda is made with CGI.
Yoda has lived for over 900 years and not much of his history before Episode I: The Phantom Menace is known.
He is an alien, but his race and where he is from are never said.
He speaks the same language as everyone else but says his sentences sort of backwards.
For example, "Teach you, I will" instead of "I will teach you".
Yoda is the oldest and wisest member of the Jedi Council.
Even though he is very small, he is very good with a lightsaber and uses the 4th jedi style known as Ataru.
Article by Urrutia: "Interview with Master Yoda."
Yoda on Wookiepedia
Fictional characters introduced in 1980
Soulcalibur series guest characters
Star Wars characters
Magenta is a colour in between red and purple or pink and purple.
Sometimes it is confused with pink or purple.
In terms of the HSV (RGB) color wheel, it is the color halfway between red and purple and is composed equally of red and blue (50% red and 50% blue).
Another name for magenta is fuchsia, named after the fuchsia flower.
This colour is one of the three colours of ink used by an inkjet printer, along with cyan and yellow.
The tone of magenta used in printing is called "printer's magenta" (Magenta (CMYK)) and it is shown in the colour chart below.
The first written use of magenta as a colour name in English was in 1860.
Meaning of magenta
Like the colours red, pink, and rose, one might use this color to express love because along with those other three colours, it is used to represent Valentine's Day.
Many women like to wear clothing in shades of magenta because it is an attractive and vibrant colour.
The colour magenta is used to symbolize anti-racism by the Amsterdam-based anti-racism Magenta Foundation.
Tones of magenta colour comparison chart
Tones of fuchsia colour comparison chart
Wrapping the spectrum into a color wheel
The Monkees were an American pop-rock band.
The band was created originally for a comedy television series of the same name which aired on NBC, from 1966 to 1968.
The members of the group were Davy Jones, Michael Nesmith, Peter Tork, and Micky Dolenz.
They had hits with "Last Train to Clarksville", "I'm a Believer", and "Daydream Believer".
Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart were songwriters and producers who worked with the Monkees.
Another writer/producer for the Monkees was Chip Douglas.
Many of the songs recorded by the Monkees came from the Brill Building writers in New York City.
The members
Four actors with musical skills were chosen, out of 437 hopefuls who auditioned for the series.
Britisher Davy Jones was under contract to Columbia Pictures, had issued records, and performed on British and American television.
Columbia was looking for a project for Jones, and Screen Gems, who would produce the show, was their TV division.
Nesmith was from Texas, played in country and rock bands, and had published his own songs.
Dolenz was a grown-up  from Los Angeles, California, who sang and played in cover bands.
Tork had been a working folk musician in New York's Greenwich Village.
Each had their own wit and personality, could entertain an audience, and could also sing.
Other young men who auditioned for the show included Stephen Stills (who showed great talent, but looked too old for a role; he referred Tork, an old friend who looked a little like him), Danny Hutton (who later found fame with Three Dog Night), Harry Nilsson (who later met the Monkees, wrote for them, and recorded with them), and Paul Williams (who had lost a role in Circus Boy to Dolenz ten years earlier; the Monkees later recorded his song "Someday Man").
Charles Manson was later rumored to have auditioned, but he was imprisoned at the time.
Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider wanted to make movies, but had little experience in that.
Schneider's father was president of Columbia Pictures, and offered them the chance to make a  for a television series.
If the series was sold to a network, they could produce and direct , and gain experience.
Rafelson had already wanted to produce something involving musicians, and their life.
When the Beatles appeared in the movies A Hard Day's Night and Help!,
people enjoyed watching them onscreen, both playing out their lives and performing  comedy, along with playing music.
Rafelson and Schneider adapted what they saw in the Beatles movies, and also in American movies and television.
While the Beatles were always shown as a popular, well-known band, their show would be about an unknown band, looking for the chance to become famous.
The pilot episode was filmed in the fall of 1965.
A first playing for a test audience did not score well, but a re-edited version scored very well, and the series was sold to NBC.
To make sure there was enough music for the series,  Don Kirshner was hired.
His Brill Building songwriters were among the best young talent.
Actor James Frawley, the son of William Frawley (from I Love Lucy fame), wanted to become a movie director.
He worked with Rafelson and Schneider, then with the Monkees as they were selected.
Before the series began filming, Frawley spent six weeks working with the members, teaching them about  in acting and comedy, and helping them learn to play characters.
The Monkees appeared for two seasons on NBC television, with 58 episodes made in all.
The show won two Emmy Awards in 1967, for Outstanding Comedy Series, and Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy.
The series gave promotion to the Monkees's records, while their music made people interested in watching the show.
While the show's natural audience was children and teenagers, there were also jokes and other things that older viewers could enjoy.
The band sometimes talked directly to the audience, and made fun of the fact that they were on a television show.
Many episodes ended with short interviews with the Monkees, where they talked about their careers and things that were important to them.
This made their fans feel like they knew the members of the band.
Each episode featured two songs.
One was normally a single side, and the other was a new song.
The band lip-synched to recordings on camera, and also filmed unrelated scenes, in random places with whatever objects were there.
These were edited together and called "romps".
The romps looked much like music videos.
The music
A large problem the Monkees faced was  that none of them could play a musical instrument, because the music on their first records was mostly made by studio musicians.
Nesmith and Dolenz played guitar, and Dolenz took drum lessons, so he could play drums on camera.
Tork played guitar, keyboards and banjo.
Jones learned to play drums and guitar, and a custom bass guitar was made specially for him.
He also played percussion instruments, like tambourine.
The band had little experience playing together though, and were not able to make the music needed to begin the show.
The producers planned at first to use prerecorded music, and went ahead with that plan.
Don Kirshner had good  for knowing what would sell well, and took charge of the recordings, limiting the input the Monkees themselves had in making the music.
For most of the first season's songs, the members only sang, and did not play on the records.
Boyce and Hart also noticed that when all four Monkees were together in the studio, they would try to make each other laugh during takes, and things did not get done.
They began bringing the band to record in ones and twos.
Kirshner also okayed Nesmith to produce two of his own songs, for each Monkees album.
Nesmith could choose musicians and sing, but could not play on the records himself.
In time, the band improved musically, and wanted another chance to play on their own recordings.
They also began to perform live for audiences.
Kirshner would not change his mind, issued a whole album without even telling the band, and planned to issue a new single.
Nesmith argued with Kirshner and his attorney (putting his own fist through a wall to show his anger), and called a , telling the media about his unhappiness with how the music was made.
Many people thought this proved the Monkees were , and did not deserve to be popular.
To prove themselves, the Monkees recorded a new single, then a new album, with each member playing instruments.
Their new records did not sell as well as their first ones, but they felt better knowing the music was really theirs, and they still had hit records.
Kirshner issued the single "A Little Bit Me, A Little Bit You" (written by Neil Diamond), without getting an OK first.
This was reason enough to fire him from the Monkees production team.
Kirshner's career was not harmed, and he went on to produce other music his way, including songs for The Archies.
He later hosted a show, Don Kirshner's Rock Concert, which featured bands in a live setting.
End of the series
The Monkees became tired of the same "formula" used in episode after episode of the series (Davy Jones would fall in love with a girl, and the rest of the band would help him get together with her), and wanted to try doing a variety show instead.
NBC and the show's producers did not want to change the way the show was done.
The two sides could not agree, and the show was cancelled, even though it was still popular.
After the television series ended, the Monkees starred in a movie, Head, and a TV special, 33 1/3 Revolutions per Monkee.
Neither was successful, and the band's later records were not hits.
The Monkees kept performing for audiences, but fewer and fewer people went to their shows.
The band members each quit one by one.
Tork left at the end of 1968, saying he was .
Nesmith left in 1970, to start his own band.
Jones left during 1970, and went back to performing solo.
The Monkees appeared in reruns on CBS from 1969 to 1972, first during lunchtimes and later alongside Saturday morning cartoons.
ABC later aired the series, from 1972 to 1973.
Each former Monkee tried different things during the next decade.
Tork worked as a musician, teacher and singing waiter.
Nesmith pursued a country music career, then began to make videos.
Jones and Dolenz both sang on records.
Jones did more theater work, while Dolenz made cartoon .
Dolenz and Jones teamed up with Boyce and Hart in 1976, to tour and perform the Monkees' old hits.
They also made a new album together.
Later Jones and Dolenz went to England, to appear in a production of Harry Nilsson's The Point!
Both stayed in England.
Jones appeared in Godspell and other musical plays, and retrained as a jockey.
Dolenz became a television director and producer.
During these same years, Nesmith started his own company, to produce music and videos.
Tork went back to performing and sometimes making records.
The Monkees appeared in  from 1975 on, usually playing on local television stations during afternoons.
A compilation album, The Monkees Greatest Hits, was issued, and their old hits still played on radio stations.
A second Greatest Hits album appeared later.
The 1980s and later
In 1986, Tork, Jones and Dolenz reunited, as part of an "oldies show" tour.
MTV aired nearly every episode of their old series one Sunday, to promote the tour, and it became a surprise hit.
Twenty years after they started, a new generation of young people were interested in the Monkees.
The tour went from a small one to a major one, and the Monkees were back.
MTV and the Monkees worked well together.
Nickelodeon, a sister network to MTV, aired their series, and the band appeared on Nickelodeon and MTV during the late 1980s.
Nesmith mostly did not join the reunion, because of his production career, but he did make a few rare appearances with them.
The other members also kept their solo careers, between tours.
During the 1990s, the reunited Monkees continued to tour, and appear as guests on television.
Nesmith rejoined them for a new album, Justus, a TV special, and he appeared with them onstage in England.
He left when they began to tour the United States, though, and did not return.
After 2000, they toured less often.
Tork left again in 2001, and Jones and Dolenz last worked together in 2002.
Every episode of the TV series is for sale on DVD (as is their movie Head), and all their record releases are for sale on compact disc.
Rhino Records bought the rights to all their works, and still oversees Monkees releases.
Dolenz, Tork and Jones toured the UK and USA throughout 2011.
Davy Jones died on February 29, 2012 in Stuart, Florida.
The Monkees then continued to tour with Nesmith, Dolenz, and Tork.
Peter Tork died on February 21, 2019, at a family home in Connecticut.
Peter succumbed to a 10-year bout with adenoid cystic carcinoma, a rare cancer of the salivary glands.
Michael Nesmith died from heart failure at his home in Carmel Valley, California on December 10, 2021, at the age of 78.
The Monkees (1966)
More of The Monkees (1967)
Headquarters (1967)
Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones Ltd. (1967)
The Birds, The Bees & the Monkees (1968)
Head (1968)
Instant Replay (1969)
The Monkees Present (1969)
Changes (1970)
Pool It! (
Justus (1996)
Good Times! (
Christmas Party (2018)
The Monkees Tale, Eric Lefcowitz, Last Gasp Press, San Francisco, California
Monkeemania, Glenn A. Baker, Plexus Publishing, Medford, New Jersey
I'm A Believer, Micky Dolenz with Mark Bego, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland
American pop rock bands
Musical groups established in 1966
1966 establishments in California
Abu Dhabi (, ʼAbū Ẓaby) is the capital city of the United Arab Emirates.
It is in the emirate of Abu Dhabi.
Abu Dhabi is one of the seven emirates which form the United Arab Emirates.
The city is on a T-shaped island going into the Persian Gulf from the central western coast.
The city is 972 km2 in size.
The city had a population of 1.45 million people in 2021.
Abu Dhabi is also the capital of UAE and is the largest emirate in UAE.
People started to live in the area and call it Abu Dhabi about 300 years ago.
In the 1970s, the Bani Yas tribe made Abu Dhabi their capital city.
Shakhbut bin-Dhiyab Al Nahyan became the leader of the city in 1818.
People found oil in 1958 in Abu Dhabi.
They started to sell the oil in the 1960s.
In 1971 December the 2nd, Abu Dhabi joined the United Arab Emirates and became the capital city.
Abu Dhabi is in a desert and has a desert climate.
There is not a lot of rain but it does rain a little in the winter months.
The average rainfall per year is 51 cm.
It can also be very hot.
In the daytime, the average summer temperature is 42 °C.
The average daytime temperature in the winter is more comfortable at 23 °C.
Abu Dhabi has many tourist attractions such as the Sheikh Zayed Mosque , Abu Dhabi Louvre Museum, Mangrove Kayaking Tours , Ferrari World ,the Emirates Palace, Qasr Al-Hosn, bout towers, Abu Dhabi According to the Department of Culture and Tourism.
The usual amount of people that come in Abu Dhabi is 10 million per year.
Abu Dhabi also has Jabal Hafeet, which is the tallest mountain in the UAE.
Cities in the United Arab Emirates
Capital cities in Asia
The Hardy Boys mystery series for children is launched.
January 1 – Cristero War erupts in Mexico when pro-Church rebels attack secular-minded government
January 7 – First transatlantic telephone call – New York City to London
January 9 – Military rebellion crushed in Lisbon
January 14 – Paul Doumer elected president of France
January 19 – Britain sends troops to China
January 30 – Right-wing veterans and the Republican Schutzbund clash in Schattendorf, Burgenland, Austria.
One man and a child are killed by gunshots.
See July 15.
February 12 – First British troops land in Shanghai
February 14 – Earthquake in Yugoslavia – 700 dead
February 19 – General strike in Shanghai in protest of the presence of the British troops
February 23 – The Federal Radio Commission (later renamed the Federal Communications Commission) begins to regulate the use of radio frequencies.
March 4 – A diamond rush in South Africa includes trained athletes that have been hired by major companies to stake claims
March 6 – In Britain, a 1000 people a week die from influenza epidemic
March 10 – Albania mobilizes in case of an attack of Yugoslavia
March 11 – In New York City, the Roxy Theatre is opened by Samuel Roxy Rothafel.
March 11 – First armoured car robbery, committed by the Flatheads gang.
Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian doctor, won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1857)  (d. 1940)
March 17 - Patrick Allen, English actor (d. 2006)
April 10 – Marshall Warren Nirenberg, American biochemist, won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (d. 2010)
April 16 – Pope Benedict XVI
August 18 – Rosalynn Carter, First Lady of the United States
September 16 – Peter Falk, American actor, (d. 2011)
October 18 - George C. Scott, American actor, (d. 1999)
November 7 – Hiroshi Yamauchi, Japanese businessman, 3rd president of Nintendo
December 3 – Andy Williams, American singer (died 2012).
December 10 - Harvey Glatman, American serial killer (d. 1959)
December 25 – Ram Narayan, Indian musician
January 4 – The Battle of Monte Cassino begins.
January 5 – Murder of Danish playwright Kaj Munk
January 17 – British forces, in Italy, cross the Garigliano River.
January 17 – Meat Rationing ends in Australia
January 20 – The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin; the U.S. Army 36th Infantry Division, in Italy, attempts to cross the Rapido River.
January 22 – Allies begin Operation Shingle, the assault on Anzio, Italy.
The U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division stand their ground at Anzio against violent assaults for 4 months.
January 27 – The two year Siege of Leningrad is lifted.
January 29 – The Battle of Cisterna takes place.
January 30 – United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.
January 31 – American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.
January 9 - Jimmy Page, English guitarist (Led Zeppelin)
February 23 – Johnny Winter
March 1 - Roger Daltrey, English singer (The Who)
March 28 – Ken Howard (d. 2016)
April 7 – Gerhard Schröder
April 9 – Leila Khaled
May 8 – Gary Glitter
May 14 – George Lucas
May 19 – Peter Mayhew (d. 2019)
June 4 - Michelle Phillips, American singer and musician (The Mamas & the Papas)
July 13 – Ernő Rubik
July 19 - Tim McIntire (d. 1986)
August 21 - Peter Weir, Australian director
September 10 – Judit Pogány, Hungarian actress
September 18 - Veronica Carlson, British actor (d. 2022)
October 9 - John Entwistle, English bass guitarist (The Who) (d. 2002)
October 24 – Ray Downs
November 2 - Michael Buffer, American ring announcer
November 2 - Keith Emerson, English keyboardist (Emerson, Lake & Palmer) (d. 2016)
November 10 - Sir Tim Rice, English lyricist
November 25 – Ben Stein
7 January 1944  – Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States
21 July 1944   – Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German army officer
14 October 1944  – Erwin Rommel, German army officer
26 October 1944  Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom Princess Henry of Battenberg youngest daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha
An American Dilemma – Gunnar Myrdal
Au rendez-vous allemand – (To the German Rendezvous) – Paul Éluard
A Bell for Adano – John Hersey
Beyond the Palisade (poetry) – James K. Baxter
The Book of Imaginary Beings – Jorge Luis Borges
Book of Naturalists – Charles William Beebe
The Case of Mrs. Wingate – Oscar Micheaux
Dangling Man – Saul Bellow
The Dawn Appears – Annie Greene Nelson
Friday's Child – Georgette Heyer
The Golden Fleece – Robert von Ranke Graves
The Horse's Mouth – Joyce Cary
Johnny Tremain – Esther Forbes
The Lost Weekend – Charles R. Jackson
Our Lady of the Flowers – Jean Genet
The Razor's Edge – W. Somerset Maugham
The Tall Book of Nursery Tales – Feodor Rojankovsky
Terras do Sem Fim (The Violent Land) – Jorge Amado
Thou That Dwellest in the Gardens – Hayyim Hazaz
Two Frontiers (poetry) – Edwin James Bradley
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Joseph Erlanger, American doctor, (1874-1965), and Herbert Gasser, American doctor (1888-1963)
The Rolling Stones are an English rock band that formed in London in 1962.
The band members were: Mick Jagger (rhythm guitar and vocals), Keith Richards (lead and rhythm guitar and vocals), Brian Jones (lead guitar), Bill Wyman (bass guitar), and Charlie Watts (drums).
The band were influenced by American blues and rock musicians like Howlin' Wolf,  Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley and Muddy Waters.
In the beginning they had their first hits with covers versions of songs of those artists.
Along with the Beatles and the Kinks, they helped to lead the British Invasion of the early to mid 1960s.
Their fame rose quickly in 1965 with the song "The Last Time."
The song "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" became a world-wide hit for the band.
It was followed up by songs like "19th Nervous Breakdown" and "Paint It Black".
In the 1967 they experimented with a psychedelic music style.
But in 1968 they went back to a harder rock style with songs like "Sympathy for the Devil" and "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and "Honky Tonk Women."
In 1969, Brian Jones was fired from the band due to his growing drug addictions.
A few weeks later Jones was found dead in his swimming pool.
A highly respected young blues guitarist named Mick Taylor was named as his replacement.
Taylor played on some of the band's most successful songs of the late 1960s and early 1970s including the hits "Brown Sugar", "Tumbling Dice", and "It's Only Rock n' Roll."
Taylor left the band in 1974.
Ronnie Wood was hired as Taylor's replacement and he has been with the band ever since.
Long time bassist Bill Wyman retired from the band in 1992.
The band remained active as a consistently successful recording and touring act throughout the 1980s and 1990s and into the 2000s.
In total they have released 30 studio albums, 33 live albums 121 singles, 29 compilation albums, 32 box sets, 48 video albums and 77 music videos.
In 1989 The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
And in 2004 they were ranked number 4 in Rolling Stone Magazines list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time."
Notable LP-albums
England's Newest Hit Makers (1964)
12 X 5 (1964)
The Rolling Stones, Now! (
Out of Our Heads (1965)
December's Children (And Everybody's) (1965)
Aftermath (1966)
Between the Buttons (1967)
Their Satanic Majesties Request (1967)
Beggars Banquet (1968)
Let It Bleed (1969)
Sticky Fingers (1971)
Exile on Main St. (1972)
Goats Head Soup (1973)
It's Only Rock 'n Roll (1974)
Black and Blue (1976)
Some Girls (1978)
Emotional Rescue (1980)
Tattoo You (1981)
Undercover (1983)
Dirty Work (1986)
Steel Wheels (1989)
Voodoo Lounge (1994)
Bridges to Babylon (1997)
A Bigger Bang (2005)
Blue and Lonesome (2016)
Hear the Rolling Stones on the Pop Chronicles
1962 establishments in England
Musical groups established in 1962
Black Sabbath were an English heavy metal band.
They are considered to be the inventors of heavy metal which they helped start the genre in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
They have sold over one hundred million albums worldwide.
The original line up was Ozzy Osbourne (vocals), Tony Iommi (guitar), Terence "Geezer" Butler (bass) and Bill Ward (drums).
Black Sabbath formed in 1968.
The band was originally named Earth and they played blues-rock music.
In the band's early days Tony Iommi had a work accident that cut off the tips of his middle and ring finger on his right hand.
He began tuning his guitar lower to slacken his strings to make playing easier on his wounded fingers.
The result was a darker, deeper tone to his guitar sound which the band felt made their music sound dark and scary.
The music also featured unusual key changes and time signatures (metre).
They released their first album Black Sabbath in 1970.
Their most successful single, titled "Paranoid", produced by Rodger Bain, came off their second album of the same name, also released in 1970.
The third album in 1971 was called 'Master of Reality' and sounded even more doomy than the previous two albums.
After that album, the band members became addicted to cocaine, and wrote a song called 'Snowblind' to celebrate this.
Their fourth album in 1972 was meant to be named after the song, but their label did not want to release an album named after an illegal drug, so they gave it the name 'Black Sabbath Vol.
4' instead.
Their fifth album 'Sabbath Bloody Sabbath' came out in 1973 and was the first of their albums to get good reviews from critics, although their opinion of the first four albums also changed to become much more positive over time.
In 1975, Sabbath released 'Sabotage', which featured some longer more progressive songs, and had a less doomy feel.
This change in direction continued with 1976's 'Technical Ecstasy' which received mixed reviews.
Ozzy lost some interest in the band and left for a short time, but decided to rejoin in time for an eighth album, 'Never Say Die!'
which received bad reviews.
Ozzy Osbourne was fired from the band in 1979 because of his drug and alcohol addiction.
American vocalist Ronnie James Dio was hired to replace him.
The band recorded two studio albums and one live album with him.
The first studio album of the two, 'Heaven And Hell' was considered a return to success and musical form, with 'Mob Rules', recorded with drummer Vinny Appice after Bill Ward left, also getting a good reaction.
Dio and Vinny parted with Black Sabbath in 1982 over different musical ideas.
Bill rejoined and the band hired Deep Purple singer Ian Gillan for the critically unsuccessful 'Born Again'.
Over the next few years after Bill left again along with Geezer, Iommi would hire several different singers to front the band, such as Glenn Hughes and Tony Martin, along with a variety of bassists (Dave Spitz, Neil Murray etc.)
and drummers (Eric Singer, Cozy Powell etc.).
Many of the albums released during this time were not meant to be released as Black Sabbath, with Tony Iommi wanting them to be his solo albums.
In 1991 Ronnie James James Dio and Vinny Appice rejoined the band again for one album and tour.
After that, Tony Iommi once again hired Tony Martin alongside other different musicians.
In 1997 the original line up reformed and continued to perform occasionally until 2006, when the band members were busy focusing on individual projects.
In 2005, Black Sabbath were inducted into the "UK Music Hall of Fame".
In 2006 the band were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
In 2011, the original line up announced they were getting back together to tour and record a new album.
However, Tony Iommi was diagnosed with cancer, forcing the band to cancel most tour dates, and Bill Ward left after being unsatisfied with the contract.
Tony Iommi has since been recovering, and Sabbath hired drummer Tommy Clufetos to tour with them.
However, Brad Wilk is drumming on the new album, which is called '13' and was released in June 2013.
The band later retired in 2017.
Black Sabbath (1970)
Paranoid (1970)
Master of Reality (1971)
4 (1972)
Sabbath Bloody Sabbath (1973)
Sabotage (1975)
Technical Ecstasy (1976)
Never Say Die! (
Heaven and Hell (1980)
Mob Rules (1981)
Born Again (1983)
Seventh Star (1986)
The Eternal Idol (1987)
Headless Cross (1989)
Tyr (1990)
Dehumanizer (1992)
Cross Purposes (1994)
Forbidden (1995)
13 (2013)
The End (2016)
Doom metal bands
Musical groups from Birmingham, West Midlands
1968 establishments in the United Kingdom
2017 disestablishments in Europe
The watt (symbol: W) is the SI unit of power.
It is named in honour of the physicist James Watt (1736–1819).
The watt is a method of measuring the rate of energy transfer of an appliance.
A one watt lightbulb, for example, will change one joule of electrical energy into light energy (and some heat/sound) every second, thus "consuming" it.
It is a measure of an appliance's power (appetite for joules).
The watt is the rate a source of energy uses or produces one joule during one second, so the same quantity may be referred to as a joule per second, with the symbol J/s. It can also be written as kg·m2·s−3.
The more watts, the more energy used per second.
That is why a higher-watt electrical appliance works faster than a lower-watt appliance.
It is equivalent to one volt ampere (1 V·A) or 1/746 of a horsepower.
The power of a light bulb is measured in watts.
LEDs have much smaller consumption of power.
Example small led can be used by  what can be also written 15 milliwatts.
Watt is a unit of power, joule is a unit of work and energy, and time is a unit of time.
An equation for solving Power, Work and Time is Power = Work ÷ Time, Work = Power × Time, or Time = Work ÷ Power.
1000 watts is called a kilowatt, written as kW. It is also known as (103) watts.
In many countries, electric bills are based on how many kilowatt-hours are being used.
Megawatt
1000000 watts is called a megawatt, written as MW.
It is also known as (106) watts.
This is used to describe how much electricity is needed by a large town.
Gigawatt
1000000000 watts is called a gigawatt, written as GW.
It is also known as (109) watts.
his is used to describe how much electricity is needed for a power grid.
Because Time is unknown, but you know the other two, the correct equation would be "Time = Work ÷ Power", then 1,000,000J ÷ 100W = 10000 seconds.
Then convert it into proper time and you'll get 2 hours, 46 minutes and 40 seconds.
Units of power
Koblenz is a city in northern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany with about 107,000 inhabitants.
It is the third biggest city in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate and one of its main centres.
Koblenz is the base of the Campus Koblenz of the University of Koblenz-Landau and the seat of the Mayen-Koblenz municipality.
Koblenz is situated at the meeting of the Rhine and Moselle rivers, between Bonn ( downstream the Rhine) and Mainz ( upstream the Rhine).
Parts of Koblenz belong to a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Delta (uppercase/lowercase Δ δ), is a letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "d" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek.
In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 4.
Letters that came from it include the Roman D and Cyrillic Д.
In mathematics, the upper-case letter Δ can be used as symbol to represent "change" in a variable (e.g., ).
It can also be used to represent discriminant—a key algebraic expression used to determine the number of roots a polynomial has.
The lower-case letter , on the other hand, is often used to denote small quantities in proofs involving limit, a key concept on calculus is based on.
In molecular chemistry, the lower case Greek letter δ is used to represent a partial charge.
This is always less than the unit charge associated with an ion, but has no real fixed value.
The Elbe River ( , , , ) is one of the major waterways of central Europe.
It comes from the North West Czech Republic.
It flows through much of Germany.
At Cuxhaven, it flows into the Wadden Sea, which is part of the North Sea.
Important big cities on the boards of the river are Hradec Králové, Pardubice and Ústí nad Labem in the Czech Republic, and Dresden, Magdeburg and Hamburg in Germany.
Each of mentioned cities in the Czech Republic has almost 100,000 inhabitants.
There are about 500,000 people living in Dresden, and 250,000 in Magdeburg.
With 1.8 million people in the city proper, Hamburg is the second largest city in Germany, and the sixth largest city in the European Union.
Hamburg is still  away from the estuary.
The port in Hamburg is the second most important seaport in the EU, after Rotterdam, and the third most important for container ships in the EU (after Rotterdam and Antwerp).
Ships can travel up to Pardubice.
The Elbe is an important river, and is classified as a stream.
Up to Cuxhaven, it is  long,  are in the Czech Republic.
Officially, its length is , which is a point in the open sea.
Geography of Lower Saxony
Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Geography of Saxony-Anhalt
Geography of Schleswig-Holstein
Rivers of the Czech Republic
The Danube (Latin name Hister) is the second-longest river in Europe (the Volga is the longest).
It is the longest river of the European Union.
The river is 2,860 km (1,777 mi) long.
Brigach and Breg join together in Donaueschingen (near the Black Forest) to "make" the Danube.
The Danube flows through or makes part of the border of 10 countries: Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine.
The river ends in the Black Sea through the Danube Delta.
The Danube is named in many other languages: Esperanto: Danubo, Bulgarian: Дунав (Dunav), German and Plattdüütsch: Donau, Bavarian: Doana, Greek: Dounavis, Ancient Greek: Ister, Hungarian: Duna, Turkish: Tuna, Latin: Danuvius or Danubius, Romanian: Dunăre, Croatian: Dunav, Serbian: Дунав, Slovak: Dunaj, Ukrainian: Dunay.
The Danube is an important waterway.
Ocean ships can go up to Brăila in Romania.
River boats can go Kehlheim in Bavaria.
Smaller ships can go up to Ulm.
the Danube-Tisa-Danube Canal (DTD) in the Banat and Bačka regions (Vojvodina, in the northern province of Serbia)
the 64 km Danube-Black Sea Canal, between Cernavodă and Constanţa (Romania) finished in 1984, shortens the distance to the Black Sea by 400 km
the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal (about 171 km), finished in 1992, linking the North Sea to the Black Sea.
Danube in easy French
Geography of Bavaria
Geography of Bulgaria
Geography of Croatia
Rivers of Hungary
Rivers of Moldova
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Serbia
Rivers of Slovakia
Rivers of Ukraine
The Main (pronounced in German like the English word mine) is a river in Germany, 524 km in length, and one of the bigger tributaries of the Rhine river.
Its average discharge at Frankfurt East Harbour is 190 cubic metres/second.
It flows through the Bundesländer (states) of Bavaria, Hesse and 25 Kilometers along the border of Bavaria with Baden-Württemberg.
The biggest city on the Main is Frankfurt, others are Bayreuth, Bamberg, Würzburg, Hanau and Offenbach.
The mid Main valley is characterised by many vineyards.
It is part of the region of Franken.
Boats on the Main can use the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal to go to Eastern Europe.
The name of the river has nothing to do with the English word main, which means most important, or the French word main, which means hand.
The river was named Mogin by the ancient celts after their god Mogon.
Later, the Romans called the river Moenus in their language.
In the Middle Ages, this name became Meyn and later Main.
Geography of Hesse
The Weser is a river of north-western Germany.
Formed at Hannoversch Münden by the confluence of the Fulda and Werra rivers, it flows through Bremen to the North Sea, and has a length of 440 km.
Together with the Werra, its length is 730 km.
Bremen (state)‎
Geography of Thuringia
Suicide is when a person chooses to kill themselves.
When someone kills themselves, people say that they have "committed suicide" "completed suicide" or "died by suicide”.
When a person seriously considers killing themselves, the person is described as suicidal.
Suicide is one of the top three causes of death for young people aged 14–35 years-old.
It is the second most common cause of death for college students.
Every 3 seconds, a person somewhere in the world tries to kill themselves.
Every 40 seconds, someone dies by suicide.
For every suicide, at least six other people are seriously affected.(WHO 2000)
When people start having thoughts about killing themselves, it may be a medical emergency.
They should get a suicide risk assessment as soon as possible.
They should not be left alone.
There are many reasons why a person might think about suicide.
Most people who are suicidal have some type of mental disorder.
They may have a chronic condition, which means it has been going on for a long time.
But it may be an acute condition , which means the first symptoms of mental illness happened rather quickly.
Depression is a mental illness during which may a person to have suicidal thoughts.
Depression may also be a symptom of other mental or medical disorders.
Another mental condition which may lead to self-harm or suicide is schizophrenia.
The stress of life, and its events, like losing a job or getting sick are less likely to cause suicide.
Other causes of suicidal thoughts are extreme cases of bullying and inceldom.
There are many risk factors for suicide.
However, it is important to remember that risk factors are not the same as causes.
Risk factors do not cause suicide or suicidal thoughts.
They only make it more likely that some people with those risk factors may become suicidal.
If a person has a risk factor, that does not mean they are going to become suicidal.
Mental disorders
Mental illness is present at the time of suicide 27% to more than 90% of the time.
Of those who have been hospitalized for suicidal behavior, the lifetime risk of completed suicide is 8.6%.
Comparatively, non-suicidal people hospitalized for affective disorders have a 4% lifetime risk of suicide.