the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Among his best-known works are the narrative poems Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan.
Lord Byron is also famous for the way he lived his life.
He was a dandy, living extravagantly, with many love affairs and debts.
His fight against the Turks in the Greek War of Independence led to his death from a fever in Messolonghi in Greece.
He is buried in the family vault in St. Mary Magdalene Church, Hucknall Torkard, Nottinghamshire, England.
A memorial was not raised to him in Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey until 1969.
Hours of Idleness (1806)
English Bards and Scotch Reviewers (1809)
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812–1818)
The Giaour (1813)
The Bride of Abydos (1813)
The Corsair (1814)
Lara (1814)
Hebrew Melodies (1815)
The Siege of Corinth (poem) (1816)
Parisina (1816)
The Prisoner Of Chillon (1816) (text on Wikisource)
The Dream (1816)
Prometheus (1816)
Darkness (1816)
Manfred (1817) (text on Wikisource)
The Lament of Tasso (1817)
Beppo (1818)
Mazeppa (1819)
The Prophecy of Dante (1819)
Marino Faliero (1820)
Sardanapalus (1821)
The Two Foscari (1821)
Cain (1821)
The Vision of Judgement (1821)
Heaven and Earth (1821)
Werner (1822)
The Deformed Transformed (1822)
The Age of Bronze (1823)
The Island (1823)
Don Juan (1819–1824; incomplete on Byron's death in 1824)
So, we'll go no more a roving (text on Wikisource)
The First Kiss of Love (1806) (text on Wikisource)
Thoughts Suggested by a College Examination (1806) (text on Wikisource)
To a Beautiful Quaker (1807) (text on Wikisource)
The Cornelian (1807) (text on Wikisource)
Lines Addressed to a Young Lady (1807) (text on Wikisource)
Lachin y Garr (1807) (text on Wikisource)
Epitaph to a Dog (1808) (text on Wikisource)
She Walks in Beauty (1814) (text on Wikisource)
When We Two Parted (text on Wikisource)
MacCarthy, Fiona: Byron: Life and Legend.
John Murray, 2002. .
McGann, Jerome: Byron and Romanticism.
Rosen, Fred: Bentham, Byron and Greece.
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992.
Nicholson, Andrew, editor: The Letters of John Murray to Lord Byron.
Liverpool University Press, 2007. .
Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Carré d'Art : Barbey d'Aurevilly, lord Byron, Salvador Dalí, Jean-Edern Hallier, Anagramme éditions, 2008.
Pictures of Byron's Walk, Seaham, County Durham
Poems by Lord Byron at PoetryFoundation.org
Podcast—Listen Live or download Audio of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage by Lord Byron
A Website of the Romantic Movement
The Byron Society
The Byron Society's Journal
The International Byron Society
Byron's Grave
Detailed site on Newstead Abbey, Byron's ancestral home, and on Byron's life in general
Hucknall Parish Church, Byron's final resting place
Statue of Byron at Trinity College, Cambridge
Complete list of Byron poetry
The Byron Cronology
Discussion of Byron's homosexuality
Byron's Poetical Works, Vol.
The Works Of Lord Byron, Letters and Journals, Vol.
The Works of Lord Byron: Letters and Journals, Vol.
Byron's 1816-1824 letters to Murray and Moore about Armenian studies and translations
The biography Byron  by John Nichol
Byron quotes
Lord George Gordon Byron—Biography & Works
Centre for Byron Studies, University of Nottingham
The first Full English translation of Fantasmagoriana (Tales of The Dead)
Byron page on The Literature Network
Films based on Byron's life and works
2003 television dramatization of Byron's life by the BBC
Detailed account of Byron's love for animals
Inscription on the monument to Boatswain, Byron's dog
More on Byron's Newfoundland dogs
Byron manuscripts at the Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas
George Gordon, Lord Byron at Find-A-Grave
English Barons
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron ("Lord Byron"), a well-known English writer and poet
Beverly Byron, U.S. Congresswoman
Don Byron, an American jazz composer and musician
Fergal Byron, Irish gaelic football player
Goodloe Byron, U.S. Congressman
Henry James Byron, dramatist
John Byron, 1st Baron Byron, 17 century Royalist
John Byron, 18 century British explorer and admiral
Kari Byron, member of the MythBusters crew
Katharine Byron, U.S. Congresswoman
Robert Byron, 20 century British travel writer
Tom Byron, an American pornographic actor and director
William D. Byron, U.S. Congressman
Byron Black, Zimbabwean tennis player
Byron Cage, an American gospel singer
Byron Dafoe, National Hockey League goaltender
Byron Dorgan, U.S. Senator
Byron Haskin, U.S. film director
Byron Katie, American self-help author and founder of "The Work"
Byron Leftwich, NFL quarterback
Byron Nelson, PGA Tour golfer, nicknamed 'Lord Byron'
Byron White, U.S. Supreme court associate justice
Byron Scott, NBA coach and former player
Byron Basset, the sleeping puppy from Tiny Toon Adventures
Byron (Babylon 5), a character from the television series Babylon 5
Byron Henry, a character in Herman Wouk's novels The Winds of War and War and Remembrance
Byron, a Gym Leader in the Pokemon Diamond and Pokemon Pearl video games
Byron, California
Byron Township, Ogle County, Illinois
Byron, Maine
Byron, Michigan
Byron Township, Michigan
Byron, Minnesota
Byron Township, Cass County, Minnesota
Byron Township, Waseca County, Minnesota
Byron, New York
Byron, Ohio
Byron, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
Byron, Monroe County, Wisconsin
Byron Nuclear Generating Station in Illinois
Byron Bay, New South Wales, a coastal town
Byron, Ontario, a suburb of London
Asteroid 3306 Byron
The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829), also commonly known as the Greek Revolution, was a successful war by the Greeks who won independence for Greece from the Ottoman Empire.
Muhammad Ali Pasha sent his son Ismail with an army and a fleet to help fight the Greeks and the Greek Christian revolutionaries asked for help from European Christians.
A fleet of the United Kingdom, France and Russia destroyed the Ottoman-Egypt fleet in the Battle of Navarino.
After a long and bloody struggle, independence was finally achieved, and confirmed by the Treaty of Constantinople in July 1832.
The Greeks were thus the first of the Ottoman Empire's subject peoples to be accepted as an independent sovereign power.
Treaty of Constantinople
of London, 1832
War of Independence
1820s in Europe
Sinclair was a child actor turned movie editor who was still considered a star in his home country of New Zealand, long after his Hollywood career ended.
He appeared in movies like The Light That Failed, Tower of London, That Hamilton Woman and Desperate Journey.
He also appeared in a series of children's adventure movies featuring the Five Little Peppers.
From 1955 on, Sinclair worked together with director Roger Corman.
Together they edited movies like Swamp Women, Day the World Ended, The Intruder, The Raven and The Trip.
Affoltern im Emmental is a municipality of the administrative district Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Albligen (also known in French as Albenon) was a municipality of the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Albligen and Wahlern merged into the new municipality of Schwarzenburg.
Alchenstorf is a municipality of the administrative district  Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Amsoldingen is a municipality of the administrative district Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, CB (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946) was a British economist.
His ideas, called Keynesian economics, had a big impact on modern economic and political theory.
His ideas also had a big impact on many governments' tax and economic policies.
He said governments should use tax and banking measures to stop the effects of economic recessions, depressions and booms.
He is one of the fathers of modern theoretical macroeconomics.
Personal and marital life
John Maynard Keynes was born at 7 Melville Road, Cambridge, England.
His father was John Neville Keynes, an economics lecturer at Cambridge University.
His mother was Florence Ada Brown, a successful author and a social reformer.
His younger brother, Geoffrey Keynes (1887–1982) was a surgeon and bibliophile (book lover).
His younger sister Margaret (1890–1974) married the Nobel Prize-winning physiologist Archibald Hill.
Keynes first went to King’s College, Cambridge, in 1902.
At first he studied mathematics.
Later he studied economics under A.C. Pigou and Alfred Marshall.
People think Professor Marshall prompted Keynes to change his studies from mathematics and classics to economics.
Keynes received his B.A. in 1905 and his M.A. in 1908.
When Keynes was young, he had romantic and sexual relationships with men.
One of his great loves was the artist Duncan Grant, whom he met in 1908.
Keynes was also involved with the writer Lytton Strachey.
Keynes appeared to turn away from homosexual relationships around the time of the first World War.
In 1918, he met Lydia Lopokova, a well-known Russian ballerina.
Keynes and Lopokova married in 1925.
Keynes was a successful investor and he built up a big fortune.
He nearly lost all of his money after the Stock Market Crash of 1929.
Later he re-built his fortune.
Bertrand Russell said Keynes was the most intelligent person he had ever known.
Lord Russell said: "Every time I argued with Keynes, I felt that I took my life in my hands, and I seldom emerged without feeling something of a fool".
Keynes accepted a lectureship at Cambridge in economics funded personally by Alfred Marshall.
Soon he was appointed to the Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance, where he was able to put economic theory into practice.
Keynes also attended the Conference on the Versailles Treaty to end World War I. He wrote The Economic Consequences of the Peace in 1919, and A Revision of the Treaty in 1922.
In his books he said that the reparations which Germany was being made to pay would ruin the German economy and would lead to further fighting in Europe.
These predictions were shown to be true when the German economy suffered in the hyperinflation of 1923.
Reparations were only completed in 2010.
Keynes's magnum opus (Latin for "Great Work", meaning his most famous book) was the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
The General Theory was published in 1936.
The ideas in that book were very different from classical economics.
Historians agree that Keynes influenced U.S. president Roosevelt's New Deal, but disagree as to what extent.
Spending more than the government earned in taxes (called deficit spending) was used in the New Deal from 1938.
But the idea had been agreed to by President Herbert Hoover.
Few senior economists in the U.S. agreed with Keynes in the 1930s.
With time, however, his ideas became more widely accepted.
In 1942, Keynes was raised to the House of Lords.
He became Baron Keynes of Tilton in the County of Sussex.
When he sat in the House of Lords he was a Liberal member.
During World War II, Keynes wrote a book titled How to Pay for the War.
He said the war effort should be paid for by higher taxes.
He did not like deficit spending because he wanted to avoid inflation.
Keynes died of a heart attack at his holiday home in Tilton, East Sussex.
His heart problems were made worse by the strain of working on post-war international financial problems.
He died soon after he arranged a guarantee of an Anglo-American loan to Great Britain.
Keynes' father, John Neville Keynes (1852–1949) outlived his son by three years.
Keynes's brother Sir Geoffrey Keynes (1887–1982) was a distinguished surgeon, scholar and bibliophile.
His nephews include Richard Keynes (born 1919) a physiologist; and Quentin Keynes (1921–2003) an adventurer and bibliophile.
Keynes did not have children.
1915 The Economics of War in Germany
1919 The Economic Consequences of the Peace
A Treatise On Probability
Tract on Monetary Reform
Influences on Keynes' works
Knut Wicksell
Arthur C. Pigou
Dennis Robertson
Thomas Malthus
Michal Kalecki
Keynesian economics or Keynesianism
Michał Kalecki
G.L.S. Shackle
Silvio Gesell
The Economic Consequences of Mr. Keynes: How the Second Industrial Revolution Passed Great Britain By, Bernard C. Beaudreau, iUniverse, 2006,
Essays on John Maynard Keynes, Milo Keynes (Editor), Cambridge University Press, 1975,
The Life of John Maynard Keynes, R. F. Harrod, London, Macmillan, 1951,
"Keynes, John Maynard," Don Patinkin, The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, 1987, pp.
19–41.
Macmillan  (US Edition: )
John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed 1883–1920, Robert Skidelsky, Papermac, 1992,  (US Edition: )
John Maynard Keynes: The Economist as Saviour 1920–1937, Robert Skidelsky, Papermac, 1994,  (US Edition: )
The Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy, Daniel Yergin with Joseph Stanislaw, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998,
John Maynard Keynes: Fighting for Britain 1937–1946 (published in the United States as Fighting for Freedom), Robert Skidelsky, Papermac, 2001,  (US Edition: )
Lytton Strachey, Michael Holroyd, 1995,
Bio, bibliography, and links
Bio at Time 100 - the most important people of the century
John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919)
John Maynard Keynes, The end of laissez-faire  (1926)
John Maynard Keynes, An Open Letter to President Roosevelt (1933)
John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936)
Eton College Keynes (Economics) Society
Short bio with birth location
Escoffier, Jeffrey. "
Keynes, John Maynard."
In Glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture.
glbtq, Inc.: Chicago, 2004.
Essays on John Maynard Keynes and Robert Lekachman   by Reuben L. Norman Jr., Ph.D. ( 1998-2007 )
Smith, Marx, Kondratieff and Keynes: Their Intellectual Life Spans, the Convergence of their Theories based upon the Long Wave Hypothesis and the Internet  by Reuben L. Norman Jr., Ph.D. ( June 6, 1998 )
Keynes's Career and Biographical Timeline
English scientists
Liberal Party (UK) people
The American robin (Turdus migratorius) is a migratory songbird.
Also known as the North American robin, it belongs in the thrush family, Turdidae.
It was named after the European robin.
This is because the European robin has a bright orange-red face and breast.
The two species are not closely related.
The American robin has seven subspecies.
T. m. confinis is the most different subspecies.
The American robin lives throughout North America.
It is a rare vagrant to western Europe (a vagrant is a bird that is found outside its normal species' range).
It has also been a vagrant to Greenland, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Belize.
The American robin can be found in many different kinds of habitats.
It likes open areas of ground to feed and areas with trees or shrubs to breed and sleep.
Because it has a large range, the IUCN Red List says that the American robin will not decline, and is listed as of least concern.
The American robin begins to breed shortly after returning to northern North America after spending the winter in the south.
The female will choose where to build the nest.
She will make the nest with grass, sticks, paper, feathers, rootlets, and moss.
Once the nest is built, she will lay 3 to 5 eggs.
After the chicks leave the nest, both parents will continue to take care of them, until they can live on their own.
American robin eggs and juveniles are eaten by squirrels, snakes, blue jays, common grackles, American crows, and common ravens.
The adults are eaten by hawks, cats, and larger snakes.
Sometimes, the brown-headed cowbird lays its eggs in the Robin's nest.
This is called brood parasitism.
However, the robin usually rejects the cowbird eggs.
This species was first described in 1766 by Linnaeus.
It was described in the twelfth edition of his Systema naturae.
He called it Turdus migratorius.
The American robin is large songbird.
It has a round body.
Its legs are long.
It has a long, yellow bill.
It is dark gray-brown on its head, back, wings, and tail.
It has an orange-red breast.
There is a white patch on the underside of the belly, near the tail.
This can be seen when it is flying.
American robins that live in western North America are very pale (pale means light in color).
American robins that live in eastern Canada are very bright.
They have a white throat.
It has black stripes in it.
Females have lighter gray-brown heads than males.
They also have lighter orange-red breasts.
A young American robin (called a juvenile) is also lighter than the male.
It has dark spots on its breast.
Both sexes are 20–28 cm (7.9–11 in) long.
They have a wingspan of 31–40 cm (12.2–15.7 in).
American robins that live in western North America are very pale.
The American robin was named after the European robin.
They are very hard to tell apart and they do breed with each other.
Range and distribution
The American robin can be found all over North America.
It is found from Alaska and Canada south to Mexico.
Most American robins winter in Florida and the Gulf States to Mexico to the Pacific Coast.
They will sometimes winter in southern Canada and the northern United States.
The American robin is a rare vagrant to western Europe.
Most of the American robins have been found in Britain.
The most recent sighting of an American robin in Britain was in January 2007.
American robins are found in many different kinds of habitats.
Some of them are gardens, parks, yards, fields, pastures, tundra, woodlands, pine forests, and shrublands.
They like open areas of ground to feed.
They like areas with trees or shrubs to breed and sleep.
The American robin has a large range.
It is estimated that its range is 16 million square kilometers (6 million square miles).
It is also estimated that there are about 320 million individual American robins.
The IUCN Red List says that the species is not believed to reach the threat of decline.
It is therefore considered Least Concern.
American robins used to be killed for their meat.
They were killed in the southern states.
The meat was thought as a very good food.
The American robin is now protected in the United State by the Migratory Bird Act.
The American robin is most active during the day.
During the winter, it groups together in large flocks at night.
They sleep together in thick vegetation.
During the day, these large winter flocks break up into smaller flocks.
They feed in these smaller flocks.
During the summer, American robins are less social.
This is because they are defending their breeding territories.
Juvenile robins spend their first four months of life near their nesting place.
They then flock together with other American Robins before they migrate to their wintering places.
The American robin eats invertebrates.
In the spring, they like to eat earthworms and snails.
Some other invertebrates that American robins eat are beetles, grubs, and caterpillars.
It will also eat fruits and berries.
Some kinds of berries that they like to eat are chokecherries, hawthorn berries, dogwood berries, sumac fruits, and juniper berries.
It is one of the first North American birds to lay eggs.
It has two to three broods (a brood is a group of offspring) each breeding season.
The breeding season starts in April and ends in July.
It is one of the first birds to sing at dawn.
Its song is made up of several small groups of sounds that are repeated.
The female chooses where to make the nest.
She will usually make the nest on one or many branches that are hidden in leaves.
In the west, the female will make the nest on the ground or in thickets.
In Alaska, the female will make the nest on a cliff.
The female makes the nest.
She starts with the inside.
She uses grass and sticks to make a cup-shaped center.
Other things that the female will use are paper, feathers, rootlets, and moss.
After the center is done, she uses mud on the outside of the nest to make it stronger.
She then puts soft grass in the cup.
The nest is usually 15.2 to 20.3 cm (6 to 8 in) long.
It is 7.6 to 15.2 cm high (3 to 6 in).
Eggs and young
The female will lay 3 to 5 eggs in the nest.
They are blue or blue-green.
They are 2.8 to 3 cm (1.1 to 1.2 in) long.
They are 2.1 cm (0.8 in) wide.
Only the female incubates the eggs (incubate means that the adult will sit on the eggs and keep them warm and help the babies inside grow).
It takes 12 to 14 days for the eggs to hatch.
For the first few days, the chicks have no feathers and their eyes are closed.
The young live in the nest for about 13 days.
As the chicks grow older, the female will protect them only at night and during bad weather.
After the juveniles leave the nest, they will follow their parents around and beg them for food.
Both parents help feed and protect the fledged (fledged means a young bird that has just learned how to fly) juveniles until they can live on their own.
The adults will give an alarm call to warn the juveniles that there is a predator near by.
The parents will then attack the predator.
Some of the predators they will attack are cats and dogs.
They will even go after humans if the human gets close to their young.
Fledged juveniles are only able to fly short distances.
The coloring of the juveniles helps them hide better in bushes or trees.
This kind of coloring is called camouflage.
Bird banders have found that only 25% of juvenile American robins live through their first year.
The average life of an American Robin lasts about 2 years.
The longest known lifespan of a wild American Robin is 14 years.
Eggs and juvenile robins that still live in the nest are eaten by squirrels and snakes.
Some birds also eat eggs and juvenile robins.
When feeding together in flocks, American robins will watch each other for signs of predators.
If a predator is seen, they will make a warning call.
Sometimes, the Brown-headed Cowbird lays its eggs in the robin's nest.
The robin usually rejects the cowbird eggs.
Because of this, brood parasitism by the cowbird is rare.
The American robin is known to carry a disease called the West Nile Virus.
This disease comes from mosquitoes.
Crows and jays are the first to die from this disease.
The American robin is more responsible for the transmission of the disease to humans.
This is because it lives longer with the disease than the crows and jays.
This allows it to spread the disease to more mosquitoes which then spread the disease to humans and other animals.
The American robin is the state bird of Connecticut, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
It was also shown on a 1986 Canadian $2 note, but it is no longer on the bill.
There is color named after the American robin's eggs.
It is called robin's egg blue.
The robin is considered a symbol of spring.
A good example is a poem by Emily Dickinson.
It is called I Dreaded That First Robin So.
There are other poems about the first robin of spring.
One of them is The First Robin by Dr. William H. Drummond.
According to the author's wife, it is based on a Quebec false belief.
The belief says that whoever sees the first robin of spring will have good luck.
New-age music is a type of music which is often related to New Age belief.
It is usually soft and instrumental; it means, only few New Age music pieces have a singer.
New Age music is good for resting, thinking and meditation.
One of the first people in this genre was Stephen Halpern.
He created music to be used for meditation.
He could not find a record company for his works, so he published them himself and sold them in New Age stores.
His music is very relaxing and has a slow rhythm.
Write Once Read Many (times) or WORM is a classification of computer storage media.
It is used to describe media that can only be written once.
After they are written, they can only be read.
In some, the hardware prevents multiple writes, examples of such media are the CD-R and DVD-R discs.
There is also some kind of computer memory (called PROM) which can only be written once.
Certain kind of media use a software solution to emulate this behaviour.
Examples are  certain kinds of  backup tapes and harddisks that can also have this property.
Charles-Marie Widor (born Lyons, 21 February, 1844; died Paris, 12 March, 1937) was a French organist and composer.
He was one of the greatest organists of his time and he had many pupils who learned a lot from him and became famous.
Widor is best known for his organ works which he called “symphonies”.
The Toccata from his Symphony no 5 is one of the best known of all organ pieces, often played at the end of wedding ceremonies.
Marcel Dupré (born Rouen, Normandy, 3 May  1886; died Meudon, near Paris, 30 May  1971), was a leading French organist, composer, and teacher.
Marcel Dupré was born to a musical family in Rouen (Normandy, France).
His father Albert Dupré was organist at the gothic abbey of St Ouen in Rouen.
The young Marcel was a child prodigy.
He entered the Paris Conservatoire in 1904, where he studied the piano and organ.
He studied organ with Alexandre Guilmant and Louis Vierne, and Charles-Marie Widor.
His studies with Widor also included composition.
In 1914, Dupré won the Grand Prix de Rome for his cantata, Psyché.
Twelve years later, he became professor of organ at the Paris Conservatoire, serving until 1954.
Among his best-known work were more than 2,000 organ recitals in Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia.
In 1920 he played in a series of concerts at the Paris Conservatoire in which he played the complete organ works of Johann Sebastian Bach from memory.
From 1947 to 1954, he was director of the American Conservatory, which was in the Château de Fontainebleau near Paris.
In 1954, Dupré succeeded Claude Delvincourt (who had been killed in a car crash) as director of the Paris Conservatoire, serving until 1956.
He died at the age of 85.
His playing
Dupré's organ recitals often included his own work, as well as those of other composers, especially Bach.
In the tradition of Widor and Vierne, his compositions included long works in several movements which he called “symphonies”.
When he played in church services he would start by playing composed music which was suitable for the time of year.
Then he would improvise, playing complicated fugues, trio sonatas and chorale improvisations.
He was so good at improvising that many people thought he had composed the music beforehand.
When playing in concerts he was often given a tune, and then he would immediately make up a large work from that tune.
In 1906, when he was still a student, he played for a wedding and two services when the famous Widor was going to be absent.
Dupré asked Widor what music he should play.
Widor told him to improvise something.
Dupré waited for Widor to go out of the church before he started practising, but Widor crept back in and listened to him.
He realized that Dupré would manage very well.
His teaching
Dupré  was famous as an organ teacher.
He taught two generations of well-known organists including Jehan Alain,  Marie-Claire Alain, Pierre Cochereau, Jeanne Demessieux,Jean Guillou, Jean Langlais, and  Olivier Messiaen.
Dupré composed a great deal of organ music.
As a young child he got to know Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, the most famous organ builder in France.
Cavaillé-Coll had built the organ that Dupré’s father played, so he was used to the sound of modern French organs.
Most of Dupré's music for the organ is very difficult to play.
It includes the  Three Preludes and Fugues, Op.
7 (1914).
Even Widor thought that the Prelude of the third piece was simply impossible to perform.
However, Dupré could play it, and many organists after him learned to play it, too.
Other notable works of Dupré's include  the Symphonie-Passion, the Esquisses and Évocation, and the Cortège et Litanie.
As well as composing lots of music, Dupré prepared study editions of the organ works of Bach, Handel, Mozart, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Schumann, César Franck, and Alexander Glazunov.
He also wrote music for people who were learning to play the organ, and books on how to improvise on the organ.
Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed Stanley Sadie (5th edition, 1980)
Paul Hindemith (pronounce: POWL HIN-de-mit), (16 November 1895 in Hanau - 28 December 1963 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German composer, violist, teacher, music theorist and conductor.
He was the most important and influential German composer during the years between the two World Wars.
His style was at first influenced by Schoenberg and Expressionism, but gradually it became more neo-classical, and he turned against Schoenberg's whole approach.
He was also famous as a viola player and composed a concerto for viola and orchestra.
Deaths from pancreatitis
Entertainers from Hesse
German conductors
Violists
Louis Vierne (8 October 1870 – 2 June 1937) was a French organist and composer.
He wrote a lot of music for the organ, including six large works called symphonies, 24 Fantasy Pieces (which includes his famous Carillon de Westminster), and 24 Pieces In Free Style.
Some of these can be played on the harmonium as well as on the organ.
Vierne was born in Poitiers.
He was almost completely blind from birth.
He faced a lifetime of professional frustration, sickness, blindness, loss of family and friends, and disappointments.
This all influenced his music.
Organ symphonies
Organ Symphony No.
1 in D minor, Op.
14 (1898–1899)
2 in E minor, Op.
20 (1902–1903)
3 in F♯ minor, Op.
28 (1911)
4 in G minor, Op.
32 (1914)
5 in A minor, Op.
47 (1923–1924)
6 in B minor, Op.
59 (1930)
6 exploits the full 12-tone chromatic scale.
Vierne's pupil Maurice Duruflé played the Symphony's first performance at Notre Dame in 1935.
Woodstra, Chris, et.
All Music Guide, LLC.
p. 1456.
Jehan Alain (born Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, 3 February, 1911; died near Saumur, 20 June 1940) was a French organist and composer.
He learned to play the organ at home on an organ that his father had built.
In his short life he composed many works.
His most famous organ pieces are Trois Danses (Three Dances) and a brilliant piece called Litanies.
Alain was killed fighting in World War II.
Shame is an emotion.
Shame is rooted in a social or cultural environment.
Some people feel shame when some of the rules (that are accepted by the respective society) have been broken.
A person can feel ashamed because he or she has thought or done something no one else knows about.
Children are often told to be ashamed of something, because they sometimes have trouble telling cause and effect apart.
When they grow up, they can better tell the two apart.
At that stage, the feeling of guilt becomes stronger.
People with the surname Keynes
John Keynes (Jesuit) (1624–1697), Jesuit and religious controversialist
John Maynard Keynes, English economist
John Neville Keynes, a British economist and father of John Maynard Keynes.
Dr William Milo Keynes, English doctor and author
Quentin Keynes, traveller and bibliophile
Randal Keynes, English author
Richard Keynes (actor) (born 1979), British actor
Richard Darwin Keynes (born 1919), English physiologist
Simon Keynes, Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon, University of Cambridge
Skandar Keynes (born 1991), British actor
Soumaya Keynes is a British actress
Places in England containing the name Keynes
Ashton Keynes, a village in Wiltshire
Coombe Keynes, a hamlet in Dorset
Horsted Keynes, a village in West Sussex
Milton Keynes, a city in Buckinghamshire
Somerford Keynes, a village in Gloucestershire
Keynes College, Kent, a college of the University of Kent, named after John Maynard Keynes
Moulin Rouge (Red Windmill) is a traditional cabaret and nightclub which began in 1889.
It is on Boulevard de Clichy in the 18th arrondissement (district of the city).
This is near the French quarter of Montmartre in the red-light district of Paris called Pigalle.
The theatre can be recognized by the large red windmill on its roof.
The Moulin Rouge puts on cabaret shows every day.
It is where the famous French dance, the Can-can, was first performed.
It is also famous because many artists and writers have often gone there.
Henri Toulouse-Lautrec designed many posters for the cabaret.
Because of this, the management always set aside a table where he could have a meal and watch the show.
A revolutionary architecture for the auditorium that allowed rapid changes of décor and where everyone could mix;
Festive champagne evenings where people danced and were entertained thanks to amusing acts that changed regularly, such as the Pétomane;
A new dance inspired by the quadrille which becomes more and more popular: the Can-can, danced to a furious rhythm by dancers in titillating costumes;
Famous dancers whom history still remembers: La Goulue, Jane Avril, la Môme Fromage, Grille d'Egout, Nini Pattes en l'Air, Yvette Guilbert ;
A place loved by artists, of whom the most iconic was Toulouse-Lautrec.
His posters and paintings secured rapid and international fame for the Moulin Rouge.
Several movies have been made about the Moulin Rouge.
The latest is Moulin Rouge!
directed by Baz Luhrmann.
Jean Renoir made another film about the Moulin Rouge.
Moulin Rouge Paris - Official Website
He is mainly known as a painter, but he was also a draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor.
Matisse was one of the main artists who helped to create modern art early in the 20th century.
"Matisse created brilliantly coloured canvases structured by colour applied in a variety of brushwork, ranging from thick impasto [thick paint] to flat areas of pure pigment, sometimes accompanied by a sinuous, arabesque-like line. [
This was] the first of the avant-garde movements (1905–7), named "Fauvism" by a contemporary art critic, referring to its use of arbitrary combinations of bright colors and energetic brushwork to structure the composition".
Although he was initially called a Fauve (wild beast), he painted many traditional themes.
He painted from life, and his work includes many portraits and other figurative subjects.
Matisse in Artchive Artchive
500 hi-res images Henri Matisse: life and work
French printmakers
Part of the AFI 100 Years... series, AFI's 100 Years of Musicals is a list of the top American musical movies.
The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute at the Hollywood Bowl on September 3, 2006.
Unlike most of the previous lists, it only includes 25 winners and was not presented in a televised program.
# Singin' in the Rain (1952)
# West Side Story (1961)
# The Sound of Music (1965)
# Cabaret (1972)
# Mary Poppins (1964)
# A Star Is Born (1954)
# My Fair Lady (1964)
# An American in Paris (1951)
# Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)
# The King and I (1956)
# Chicago (2002)
# 42nd Street (1933)
# All That Jazz (1979)
# Top Hat (1935)
# Funny Girl (1968)
# The Band Wagon (1953)
# Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942)
# On the Town (1949)
# Grease (1978)
# Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954)
# Beauty and the Beast (1991)
# Guys and Dolls (1955)
# Show Boat (1936)
# Moulin Rouge! (
Abū Nuwās al-Ḥasan ibn Hānī al-Ḥakamī (variant: Al-Ḥasan ibn Hānī 'Abd al-Awal al-Ṣabāḥ, Abū 'Alī (), known as Abū Nuwās al-Salamī () or just Abū Nuwās ( Abū Novās); 756814) was a classical Arabic poet.
He was born in Persia.
He is in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights.
750 births
810 deaths
Montmartre is a hill 130 metres high and is also the name of the district which surrounds the hill.
It is in north Paris and famous for its nightlife.
Montmartre means 'mountain of the martyr.'
The name comes from the martyrdom of Saint Denis, who was decapitated on the hill around 250 AD.
Saint Denis was the Bishop of Paris and is the patron saint of France.
The hill's religious symbolism is thought to be even older.
It may have been a druidic holy place because it is the highest point in the area.
Arnaut Daniel de Riberac (today Arnaut Danièl) wrote and performed music and poetry in the 12th century.
He was Occitan.
Eusebi, Mario (1995).
L'aur'amara.
Parma: Pratiche Editrice. .
Pound, Ezra (1910).
The Spirit of Romance.
New Direction Books (1968 reprinting).
Cabaret is a form of entertainment having comedy, song, dance, and theatre.
Cabarets are mostly performed in a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting at tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance.
The venue itself can also be called a "cabaret".
Sometimes it is called a "Reviue".
The term is a French word for the taprooms or cafés where this form of entertainment was born, as a more artistic form of café-chantant.
It comes from Middle Dutch cabret, through Old North French camberette, from Late Latin camera.
It essentially means "small room."
Cabaret also refers to a Mediterranean-style brothel – a bar with tables and women who talk, arouse, and entertain the clients.
Traditionally these can also have some form of stage entertainment: often singers & dancers – the bawdiness of which varies with the quality of the place.
It is the classier, more sophisticated cabaret that eventually engendered the form of place and art form that is the subject of the remainder of this article.
Fox Studios Australia is a major movie studio in Sydney, Australia.
Since opening in May 1998, the studio has been involved in the production of a number of successful movies, including The Matrix, Moulin Rouge!,
Mission Impossible II, Star Wars Episode II, Star Wars Episode III and Superman Returns.
Dark City - 1996-1997
Babe: Pig in the City - 1998
The Matrix - 1998
Farscape – Series 1 - 1999 (TV)
Mission: Impossible II - 1999
Holy Smoke - 1999
Moulin Rouge! -
La Spagnola - 2000
Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones - 2000
Kangaroo Jack - 2001
The Quiet American - 2001
The Matrix Reloaded - 2001-2002
The Matrix Revolutions - 2001-2002
The Night We Called It a Day - 2002
The Mystery of Natalie Wood aka (Looking for Natalie Wood) - 2003
Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith - 2003-2005
Son of the Mask - 2004
Stealth - 2004
Superman Returns - 2005
Australian Idol - 2007
Australia (2008 film) - 2007
The Entertainment Quarter
1998 establishments in Australia
St. Thomas Aquinas, (1225 – 7 March 1274) was a Catholic Dominican priest from Italy, and is a Catholic saint and philosopher.
He was born in Roccasecca, as the son of Count Andulf of Aquino and Countess Theodora of Teano.
His early education was at the Benedictine monastery at Monte Cassino.
He attended the University of Naples, where he got the nickname "dumb ox" for his slow demeanor, though he was an intelligent and talented student.
He studied philosophy, Catholic theology, church history, liturgy, and canon law.
By 1240, he became interested in the religious life and decided to become a friar with the new Dominican Order.
His family captured him and brought him back because to become a Dominican one must eliminate material wealth.
His parents expected him to follow in his uncle’s footsteps and become a Benedictine abbot.
They kept him in a castle in an effort to change his mind.
However, when they released him two years later, he immediately joined the Dominicans.
He was the author of the cosmological argument.
Catholics think Aquinas is the best teacher for one who wants to become a priest.
His most famous book is Summa Theologica.
Aquinas is one of the 33 Doctors of the Church.
Many schools are named after him including the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines.
Aquinas is also known for his work with natural law.
Aquinas took an optimistic view of human nature, believing that it is human nature to do good and not evil.
1225 births
1274 deaths
Craig Pearce is an Australian actor and screenwriter.
He co-wrote the play Strictly Ballroom and the screenplay of the movie version with Baz Luhrmann.
He also wrote the screenplay for the 1996 movie Romeo + Juliet and co-wrote the 2001 movie Moulin Rouge!,
also with Baz Luhrmann.
Donald McAlpine is an Australian cinematographer.
He was born in 1934 in New South Wales, Australia.
He has been involved in over fifty movies.
His more recent work has been seen in Baz Luhrmann's hit musical Moulin Rouge! (
2001), for which he earned an Academy Award nomination, Adam Sandler's Anger Management (2003), Universal Pictures' Peter Pan (2003) and the Walt Disney/Walden Media-produced The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005).
People from New South Wales
Cinematographers
Herbert Howells CBE, CH, was an English composer, organist, and teacher.
He was born in Lydney, Gloucestershire on 17 October 1892 to Oliver and Elizabeth Howells.
He died in London on 23 February 1983.
He wrote a lot of church music for the Anglican Church, including several Service settings of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis.
He taught for many years at the Royal College of Music.
One of his best known works is the Hymnus Paradisi, a large, sacred work for choir.
His organ works include 2 sets of 3 Psalm-Preludes and a piece called Master Tallis’s Testament.
Jillian (Jill) Bilcock (born 1948, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) is a movie editor.
She is a graduate of the Swinbourne College of Technology.
Bilcock won the 2002 Eddie Award (best edited comedy or musical movie) for Moulin Rouge!.
She also was nominated for the Academy Award for movie Editing for that movie.
Bilcock has been nominated four times for the BAFTA Award for Best Editing .
Three of these nominations were for the first three movies directed by Baz Luhrmann (Moulin Rouge! -
2002, Romeo + Juliet - 1996, and Strictly Ballroom - 1992).
The fourth BAFTA nomination was for Elizabeth (1998).
Biography on the Broadbent Theatre website
Actors from Lincolnshire
John Leguizamo (born July 22, 1964) is an Emmy Award-winning and Golden Globe-nominated American comedian, actor and producer.
John Leguizamo at Internet Off-Broadway Database
Q&A Sessions: John Leguizamo on The Happening at nocheLatina.com
A nut is a hard-shelled fruit of some plants.
They are an important part of human and animal diets.
Many dried seeds and fruits are called 'nuts' in English, but only some are nuts to a botanist.
Nuts are made of the seed and the fruit, where the fruit does not open to release the seed.
Most seeds come from fruits, and the seeds are released from the fruit.
But nuts (such as hazelnuts, hickories, chestnuts and acorns) have a stony fruit wall which keeps the seed inside.
In common speaking, many so-called nuts, like pistachios and Brazil nuts, are not nuts in a biological sense.
Everyday common usage of the term often refers to any hard-walled, edible kernel as a nut.
Botanical definition
A nut in botany is a simple dry fruit with one seed (rarely two).
The ovary wall is hard (stony or woody) when it matures, and the seed is stuck to the ovary wall.
Types of nuts
Types of nuts include the oak, hickory, chestnut, stone-oak, birch, and hazelnut.
The peanut, coconut, almond, macadamia, pistachio, pecan, walnut and cashew are not true nuts, but treated as one in cooking.
Linus Pauling Micronutrient Information Centre Nuts
Richard Roxburgh (born January 1, 1962) is an Australian actor.
He has starred in many Australian movies and has appeared in supporting roles in a number of Hollywood productions.
Roxburgh normally plays the role of villains.
Romulus, My Father Director (2007)
Like Minds (2006)
Fragile (2005)
Stealth (2005)
Van Helsing (2004)
League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003)
The One and Only (2002)
The Touch (2002)
The Hound of the Baskervilles (2002) (TV)
Moulin Rouge! (
Mission: Impossible II (2000)
Passion: The Story of Percy Grainger (1999)
In The Winter Dark (1998)
Thank God He Met Lizzie (1997)
Children of the Revolution'' (1996)
The Last of the Ryans
Gluttony: Seven Deadly Sins
Tracks of Glory
The Saint: Fear in Fun Park
Riddle of the Stinson
The Ordinary Man
One Way Ticket for Twisted Tale
2006 – nominated: The Silence (TV)
2001 – nominated: Moulin Rouge!
1999 – nominated: Passion
1997 – won: Doing Time for Patsy Cline
1998 – won: Doing Time for Patsy Cline
Richard Roxburgh CV at PFD
Romulus My Father website
The speed of sound is  per hour or  per second in dry air in room temperature.
It travels at 1500 meters per second through water.
Sound moves faster through liquids and solids than air, since they have a larger specific modulus, meaning they are stiffer.
Sound cannot travel through a vacuum, which is a space without any air or matter.
The speed of sound is affected by temperature.
It travels slower at low temperatures, for example in the stratosphere.
is the ratio of specific heats (1.4 for air)
R is the gas constant ( for air)
The speed of sound is also known as Mach 1.
Things that go faster are supersonic, and things that go five times that speed (Mach 5) are hypersonic.
Calculate the speed of sound in air and the temperature
Speed of sound - temperature matters, not air pressure
Notrium is a freeware video game for the PC.
It is at version 1.341.
Notrium was developed by independent Finnish programmer Ville Mönkkönen.
It is the seventh game that Ville has made, but it is only the fifth game to be made in English.
Released in 2003, it won second place in the 'Adventure Game of the Year' contest on GameTunnel.
The game takes place on the invented planet Notrium.
The game world is split up into squares, each of which has its own climate, land, and goals.
The player can move between squares to reach the other areas, though some of the areas can only be reached by using vehicles or teleportation.
There are climates such as jungle, desert, and tundra.
All area squares can are changed by a day-night cycle, except for levels that are set indoors.
The game's graphics are all randomly generated (put together) at the start of the game, except in special game areas.
This random generation changes where items and plants are, though most items and scenery will stay in their environment square.
Environment squares do not change when the game is started.
For example, a tree in the Jungle zone will be put in a different place each time a new game is begun, but the player character will still start in the same place as always.
The plot of the game is that a team of four, an Alien, a Human, an Android (a robot), and a Psionic creature, have left Earth in a spacecraft, because Earth was going to be destroyed.
After the player has chosen the character he/she wants to control, the game begins.
The spacecraft is shot at by missiles from the planet Notrium, which is close by.
The player's character gets into an escape pod and crashes on the planet's surface.
From there, the player must find a way to survive, as well as a way to escape.
Journal entries, which are different for each character, appear every game day for two game weeks.
These entries tell about what happened to the characters while they were on the spacecraft.
For example, the journal of the Human tells that he was the captain of the ship; while the journal of the Android shows that he was the ship's mechanic.
Other happenings can be discovered by going to special places in the game, or finishing a goal.
Notrium has more than one ending to the game.
Different characters can get different endings.
Some endings can only be won by one character, while other endings can be won by other characters as well.
A person plays Notrium looking from a top-down view.
The player may move in all directions while facing in a different one, similar to the way a first-person shooter is controlled, and similar to the freeware PC shooter game Crimsonland.
During the game, the player can find items and objects, such as plants, weapons, and machines.
Most important items, like a force field to protect the character, are not found in one piece.
The player can build them out of two or three other parts.
Gameplay is about collecting parts to build, defending from enemies, and then winning one of the game's endings.
Depending on the character the player has picked, the game is played in a different way.
The fast-moving Alien starts with a very strong attack and gets more attacks over time, but it cannot use any weapons.
The Human starts with a very weak attack, but he can make many weapons and armor to get more powerful.
The game also has weather.
If Notrium is played on a setting harder than 'easy', the character will be changed by the weather.
Standing near a fire will make the player more hot, and standing under a tree will make the player less hot.
In some areas of the game, there is dangerous weather, like sandstorms, blizzards, or acid rain.
Notrium was made to be easy to mod (change), and a guide about how to change is on Ville's website.
Mods can make many changes, such as putting new items or goals into the game, changing or making new environment squares.
Mods can even make a new character that the player can choose, such as in the 'Werivar' mod.
Freeware games
Sigfrid Karg-Elert (born Oberndorf am Neckar, 21 November 1877; died Leipzig, 9 April 1933) was a German composer.
He wrote in a late Romantic style.
He is mainly remembered for his music for organ and harmonium, his favourite instrument.
He wrote a set of 66 Chorale improvisations for organ, the best known of which is called Nun danket alle Gott (Now thank we all our God).