the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
| nickname            = Caudillo
| allegiance          =  Kingdom of Spain(1907–1931) Spanish Republic(1931–1936) Spanish State(1936–1975)
| signature           = Francisco Franco Signature.svg
| branch              =  Spanish Armed Forces
| serviceyears        = 1907–1975
| rank                = Captain general of the ArmyCaptain general of the Navy
| unit                =
| commands            = All (Generalísimo)
| battles             = 2nd Melillan CampaignRif WarRevolution of 1934Spanish Civil WarIfni War
| mawards             =
| footnotes           =
Francisco Franco (Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade, 20 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military leader who ruled as dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death.
His song was called Cara al Sol.
He was a leader of a coup d'état against the Spanish Second Republic in 1936.
After this  uprising the Spanish Civil War started.
Franco was supported by fascists, big businesses, the church, conservative people and Spanish nationalists.
This was because the Spanish Republic had a socialist government that wanted to make businesses and the church less powerful.
The Republic also set up local parliaments in the regions of Spain.
Spanish nationalists thought this was wrong and would make Spain weak.
Franco remained neutral during World War II as Hitler did not accept his conditions for Spain to take part in it with the fascist and nazi regimes.
He let a group of volunteer soldiers join the German Army to fight the Russians between 1941 and 1943.
They were called the División Azul'' (Blue Division)
Franco died in Madrid on November 20, 1975, just after midnight of heart failure.
Relatives, such as his daughter Carmen, had asked doctors to remove his life support systems.
After Franco's death, Juan Carlos became king.
Galician people
Spanish military people
A police officer is a serving member of a police force.
Police officers arrest criminals, prevent crime, protect and help the public, and keep public order.
Officers have legally authorised powers, which in Britain is called a warrant.
Powers and duties
A police officer's job is to protect the public, make sure people obey the law and make people feel safe.
Not all police officers wear a uniform and patrol.
Some police officers have specialist jobs, such as being a detective, a traffic officer or a police dog handler.
In some countries, not all police carry guns, so a police officer could choose to become an armed police officer after a lot of experience.
As a part of their job, police officers have rights that other people do not have.
This might include the power to arrest a person who they think has committed a crime, the power to search a person, the power to stop cars and direct traffic, the power to ask for a person's name and address, the power to give out tickets or fines or the power to make a person come to court.
Without these powers the police would not be able to gain any sort of control over society.
Being a police officer can be dangerous.
Police officers are sometimes killed or hurt by criminals when they are sent to incidents, so that is why the police have to carry the equipment needed to defend themselves.
Police officers have the right to carry weapons, such as a gun or a baton in order to stop crime even if the weapon laws are strict and limited to the general public.
In different countries, police officers are given different equipment to deal with the crime that is in their country.
Police officers are armed with weapons that they can use to defend themselves or other people that need help.
Most police officers carry these things:
a gun or a baton/truncheon to injure or in some cases kill criminals if necessary.
a canister of CS gas or pepper spray, which blinds a person for a short amount of time
a set of handcuffs, for restraining a person
a protection vest, to protect a police officer from knives and guns
a flashlight, for lighting dark places
a two-way radio, to call for help, give information to other officers and to get backup.
Police officers have to patrol and respond to emergencies as quickly as possible.
Some police officers will walk on foot patrol, but often police officers will patrol in a police car.
This is so that they can get to emergencies faster and carry more equipment.
Sometimes officers patrol on bicycles, motorbikes or on horses if they are in a unit that does this.
Law enforcement occupations
People in law enforcement
Bank account, a record of the money you have in a bank.
An account on a website records information about what you do at the website.
Financial accounting
The Dutch are the people who live in the Netherlands, or those that come from the Netherlands.
Often the Netherlands is called Holland, but this is only part of the Netherlands.
The Dutch culture and ethnicity are also found outside of the Netherlands, with large number of Dutch living in the United States of America, South Africa, Suriname, and Namibia.
Many inventors were Dutch, including Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Janssen, said to have invented the microscope and the telescope.
Many famous painters have also been Dutch, among them Rembrandt van Rijn, Vincent van Gogh and Johannes Vermeer.
The definition of ethnicity is not always clear.
One can count all people living in the Netherlands as Dutch, but many are not.
This is because many people who live in The Netherlands were not born there.
About 15.5 million people in the Netherlands actually have the Dutch nationality.
About 1 million people living in the Netherlands do not have the Dutch nationality.
To make things more confusing, people who live in the other parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (including Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and the Caribbean Netherlands) also have Dutch nationality.
Still, even more people in the Netherlands who were not born there can also be called "Dutch".
According to some definitions, also people who were born in the Netherlands, but whose parents were not, cannot be called Dutch.
This definition leaves almost 20% of the entire Dutch population to be 'foreign'.
During the last 150 years, the Netherlands saw a relatively quick population growth as compared to the rest of Europe.
For comparison: The Belgian population grew from 50% more inhabitants in 1850 to a third less in 2000.
The population of the Netherlands grew from 3 million in 1850, to 5 million in 1900, to 10 million in 1950, to 16 million in 2000.
Modern Day Society
The Dutch society in the present can be seen as a very multicultural society.
About 20% of the entire Dutch population is not of Dutch origin (these people are called allochtoon in Dutch).
Even most members of the Dutch Royal family are allochtoon.
This comes from the fact that the Netherlands were tolerant of other nationalities and other religions since the beginning of the Dutch Republic (in 1588).
In the 17th century, it was not odd, for instance for Muslims to live in Amsterdam.
Starting in the 1960s many workers from Turkey and Morocco came to the Netherlands for temporary work.
Many of these guest workers (gastarbeiders) stayed on in the Netherlands.
Therefore, The Netherlands have a large Turkish and Moroccan community.
Immigration from especially the former colonies Suriname and Indonesia also led to the multi-cultural society of the present.
Recent events (like the murder of Theo van Gogh by a radical Muslim) have led to negative views on allochtonen by some of the Dutch people.
The Dutch society is also famous for its liberal views.
The Netherlands were the first country to legalize same-sex marriage (the marriage of homosexuals).
The Netherlands have a strong gay-rights movement.
Abortion and euthanasia are also legal in the Netherlands under strict conditions.
The Netherlands are also the only country in the world where the use of marijuana is "gedoogd".
This means it is not legal to produce but the laws against the use of it are not actively enforced.
The Netherlands are one of the busiest countries in the world.
Some 17.2 million registered people live in the small country by July 2018.
Most Dutch people live in cities, with a city being a place with at least 25,000 people living there.
8.7 million Dutch live in agglomerations (urban areas which are connected to each other, a sort of metropolitan area).
That's about 54% of all the Dutch people.
About 15% of the Dutch people live in cities which are not in an agglomeration.
The other 30% live in villages (places with less than 25,000 people).
The Netherlands are a country where bicycles are used very much.
Almost 30% of all travel is done by bicycle in the Netherlands.
Bicycles are used so much so that throughout the Netherlands hundreds of bicycle parking lots (fietsenstallingen) are built.
In Amsterdam, there is even a 3-story high bicycle parking lot.
Trains are also used very much (unlike in, for instance, the US).
The biggest railway company (NS) has 1.1 million travellers per day.
That's 7 percent of the entire Dutch population each day.
Liquid Paper, also called white out and correction fluid, is used to correct mistakes made in writing on typewriters and with ink.
It was originally called Mistake Out and was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951, who was working at a bank in the U.S. state of Texas at time and had trouble when she typed on the typewriter, which was part of her job.
She made the product by mixing the required substances with her blender and sold it to friends starting in 1956.
She sold the product to the Gillette Corporation for 47.5 million US Dollars in 1979.
When she died the following year, her son, Michael Nesmith, a famous musician, formally of The Monkees inherited the fortune.
Now people still use the correction fluid, but more seldom.
With more advanced technology, people have computers allowing them to backspace easily, not needing to use it.
Also, there is also another recent invention of the correction tape.
To use the fluid, you squeeze the bottle, and let the fluid flow out to cover the mistakes.
Usually you have to shake the bottle before using it, and after using, you need to wait for it to dry for a few minutes, which is considered quite fast.
Then you can write on top of the dried fluid.
http://inventors.about.com/od/lstartinventions/a/liquid_paper.htm
http://www.camd.lsu.edu/msds/t/thinner_for_liquid_paper.htm
Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff (April 3, 1922 – May 13, 2019) was an American singer, actress and animal welfare activist.
She is known for her blonde, wholesome image.
All her grandparents were German immigrants.
She sang with the big bands.
She started with Les Brown & His Band of Renown.
Her first hit song was Sentimental Journey.
This song was popular with soldiers returning from World War 2.
She made (or appeared in) many movies from 1948 to 1968.
Three of these movies also starred Rock Hudson.
Day was married to Al Jorden from 1941 until they divorced in 1943.
She was married to George Weidler from 1946 until they divorced in 1949.
She was married to Martin Melcher from 1951 until his death in 1968.
She was married to Barry Comden from 1976 until they divorced in 1981.
Day had a son, Terry Melcher (1942–2004), with Jorden.
A Sentimental Journey with Les Brown band at YouTube.
Doris Day & Andre Previn - album "Duet" at YouTube
Actors from Cincinnati, Ohio
American animal rights activists
Singers from Ohio
Jack the Ripper is the name given to an unidentified serial killer.
He was active during the summer and autumn of 1888 in the Whitechapel district of London, England, which was known for its overpopulation and prostitution.
Mary Ann Nichols - 43 years old (31 August)
Annie Chapman - 47 years old (8 September)
Elizabeth Stride - 44 years old (30 September)
Catherine Eddowes - 46 years old (30 September)
Mary Jane Kelly - around 25 years old (9 November)
Newspapers and police in London around this time started to get taunting letters.
The letters were signed "Jack the Ripper".
Other murders were reported around the same time, but were not thought to be done by Jack the Ripper.
He was also known to have sex with his victims before he killed them.
Who was Jack the Ripper?
Nobody knows who Jack the Ripper really was.
Some think he might have been a doctor or a butcher because of how he killed and cut up the women, much like how a surgeon might perform surgery, or how a butcher might dissect an animal.
All the murders happened on weekends, so it could have been someone who did not live in London but visited the city on weekends, or someone who worked during the week and was only free at the weekends.
Jack the Ripper's first murders
The Ripper was famous for the brutality of his murders.
He often mutilated his victims, usually killing them by slashing their throats open, almost to the point of decapitation, and stabbing them multiple times, especially in the abdomen.
At about 23:00 on 30 August, Mary Ann Nichols was seen walking the Whitechapel Road; at 00:30 she was seen to leave a pub in Brick Lane, Spitalfields.
An hour later, she was turned out of 18 Thrawl Street as she was lacking fourpence for a bed, implying by her last words that she would soon earn the money on the street with the help of a new bonnet she had acquired.
She was later seen at the corner of Osborn Street and Whitechapel Road, at 02:30, an hour before her death, by Nelly Holland.
Nichols claimed she had made enough money to pay for her bed three times over, but had drunk it all away, it was the last time she was seen alive.
An hour later, she was found lying dead  in front of a gated stable entrance in Buck's Row (since renamed Durward Street), Whitechapel, her throat cut and her abdomen ripped open.
Nobody had seen or heard a thing, the killer struck again on 8 September, Annie Chapman was seen talking to a man at about 5:30 a.m. just beyond the backyard of 29 Hanbury Street, Spitalfields.
Mrs. Long described him as over forty, and a little taller than Chapman, of dark complexion, and of foreign, "shabby-genteel" appearance.
He was wearing a deer-stalker hat and dark overcoat, carpenter Albert Cadosch had entered the neighbouring yard at 27 Hanbury Street seconds later, and heard voices in the yard followed by the sound of something falling against the fence.
Chapman's body was discovered at just before 6:00 a.m. on the morning of 8 September 1888 by a resident of number 29, market porter John Davis.
She was lying on the ground near a doorway in the back yard.
Her throat was cut from left to right, and she had been disembowelled, with her intestines thrown out of her abdomen over each of her shoulders.
Chapman's protruding tongue and swollen face led Dr Phillips to think that she may have been asphyxiated with the handkerchief around her neck before her throat was cut.
"Dear Boss"
Two weeks later, a letter was sent claimed to have been written by the killer himself.
The letter, received on September 27 1888, was signed "Yours Truly, Jack the Ripper."
The law enforcement and newspapers referred to him as the Ripper from that point on.
The letter read:
"From Hell"
The "From Hell" letter was received by George Lusk, leader of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, on 16 October 1888.
The handwriting and style is unlike that of the "Dear Boss" letter and postcard.
The letter came with a small box in which Lusk discovered half of a kidney, preserved in "spirits of wine" (ethanol).
Eddowes' left kidney had been removed by the killer.
The writer claimed that he "fried and ate" the missing kidney half.
There is disagreement over the kidney: some contend it belonged to Eddowes, while others argue it was nothing more than a macabre practical joke.
The kidney was examined by Dr Thomas Openshaw of the London Hospital, who determined that it was human and from the left side, but (contrary to false newspaper reports) he could not determine its gender or age.
Openshaw subsequently also received a letter signed "Jack the Ripper".
Double murders
Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes were killed in the early morning of Sunday 30 September 1888.
Stride's body was discovered at about 1 a.m., in Dutfield's Yard, off Berner Street (now Henriques Street) in Whitechapel.
The cause of death was one clear-cut incision which severed the main artery on the left side of the neck.
Uncertainty about whether Stride's murder should be attributed to the Ripper, or whether he was interrupted during the attack, stems from the absence of mutilations to the abdomen.
Witnesses who said they saw Stride with a man earlier that night gave differing descriptions: some said her companion was fair, others dark; some said he was shabbily dressed, others well-dressed.
Eddowes' body was found in Mitre Square, in the City of London, three-quarters of an hour after Stride's.
The throat was severed, and the abdomen was ripped open by a long, deep, jagged wound.
The left kidney and the major part of the uterus had been removed.
A local man, Joseph Lawende, had passed through the square with two friends shortly before the murder, and he described seeing a fair-haired man of shabby appearance with a woman who may have been Eddowes.
His companions, however, were unable to confirm his description.
Eddowes' and Stride's murders were later called the "double event".
Part of Eddowes' bloodied apron was found at the entrance to a tenement in Goulston Street, Whitechapel.
Some writing on the wall above the apron piece, which became known as the Goulston Street graffito, seemed to implicate a Jew or Jews, but it was unclear whether the graffito was written by the murderer as he dropped the apron piece, or merely incidental.
Police Commissioner Charles Warren feared the graffito might spark antisemitic riots, and ordered it washed away before dawn.
The "Saucy Jacky" postcard was postmarked 1 October 1888 and received the same day by the Central News Agency.
The handwriting was similar to the "Dear Boss" letter.
It mentions that two victims were killed very close to one another: "double event this time", which was thought to refer to the murders of Stride and Eddowes.
It has been argued that the letter was mailed before the murders were publicised, making it unlikely that a crank would have such knowledge of the crime, but it was postmarked more than 24 hours after the killings took place, long after details were known by journalists and residents of the area.
The end of the crimes
Mary Jane Kelly was seen with a man of "Jewish appearance".
Kelly and the man headed for her room at 13 Miller's Court, Elizabeth Prater, who was woken by her kitten walking over her neck, and Sarah Lewis both reported hearing a faint cry of "Murder!"
at about 4:00 a.m., but did not react because they reported that it was common to hear such cries in the East End.
She claimed not to have slept and to have heard people moving in and out of the court throughout the night.
She thought she heard someone leaving the residence at about 5:45 a.m. Kelly's gruesomely mutilated body was discovered the next morning lying on the bed at 10:45 a.m. on Friday 9 November 1888.
The throat had been severed down to the spine, and the abdomen virtually emptied of its organs.
The heart was missing.
After the murder of Mary Jane Kelly, the Ripper murders stopped suddenly.
The identity of Jack the Ripper is unknown.
Although many historians have different opinions and theories on who Jack the Ripper was, it will probably never be known who he was.
1888 in Europe
1880s in the United Kingdom
Murder in London
Unidentified serial killers
Unsolved murders in the United Kingdom
19th century in London
Johnny Rivers (born John Ramistella on November 7, 1942 in New York City and grew up in Louisiana) is an American rock and roll musician.
He was popular in the 1960s and 1970s for his songs like Secret Agent Man, The Poor Side of Town, Baby I Need Your Lovin, The Midnight Special, and Swayin' To The Music (Slow Dancin').
Malcolm John Rebennack (November 20, 1941 – June 6, 2019), better known as Dr. John, was an American musician from New Orleans.
He was known for his singles "I Walk on Guilded Splinters", "Right Place, Wrong Time" and "Down in New Orleans".
Over his career he won six Grammy Awards,.
Rebennack was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in March 2011.
In May 2013 Rebennack received an honorary doctorate of Fine Arts from Tulane University.
On the university website, a comment was added about that 2013 ceremony: "The passing of Dr. John reminded me of one of my favorite Tulane moments.
It was Dr. John, Allen Toussaint and the Dalai Lama on the same stage for one of our commencements.
The Dalai Lama danced to their music.
What a treat!"
Dr. John on Rhythm & Blues Music Primer site
American keyboard players
Death metal is a style of heavy metal that is a very fast, brutal and energetic.
It has very harsh singing.
Most death metal has very fast guitar and drum beats.
Almost every death metal drummer plays with two bass drums (or a type of pedal that has two beaters on one bass drum), so that they can play the bass drum beats faster.
It is a music focused mainly on drums and guitars.
The lyrics in death metal sometimes involve topics such as death, war and pain.
Some bands choose to write about philosophy or religion.
Some bands try to write about things that other death metal bands do not write about such as ancient history.
Death metal vocalists usually grunt, growl or scream.
Other types of death metal
Melodic death metal, sometimes called melodeath – is slower and features screams instead of growls.
It also has much more melody and clean vocals can even sometimes be heard.
Technical death metal, or progressive death metal – is a much more complex type of death metal.
These songs usually are longer and have unique song structures.
These bands pretty much combine progressive rock and jazz with death metal.
Death-doom – combines the dark atmosphere and slow tempos with growling vocals and double-kick drumming.
Goregrind, deathgrind and pornogrind – mixes the intensity of Grindcore with the complexity of death metal.
Guitar solos are usually rare, and vocalists usually scream instead of growl.
Also, the songs are usually shorter.
Blackened death metal – is a style that combines death metal with black metal.
Heavy metal subgenres
Suffolk is an East Anglian county in England (UK) The counties around Suffolk are Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south.
The North Sea is on the east.
The county town is Ipswich and other big towns include Lowestoft and Bury St Edmunds.
Felixstowe is one of the largest container ports in Europe.
People from Suffolk
Ed Sheeran - singer
Suffolk Observatory - Suffolk's Vital Statistics
- Suffolk County Council
- BBC Suffolk
Etymology is the study of the origin and meaning of words and names.
It tells us how words have changed over time, and what other languages they came from.
For example, the etymology of the word etymology is from the Greek words ἔτυμον (étymon, "true meaning", from etymos "true") and λόγος (lógos, "word" or "study").
Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003).
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew.
Palgrave Macmillan.
Etimologio de Esperanto Has also English forms
A mule is a horse-donkey hybrid (a mix of two different animals).
It is the child of a female horse and a male donkey.
They are used mostly for pulling carts and transportation.
Although it is extremely unlikely for a mule to become pregnant (less than 300 reported cases worldwide), it is possible.
They will tend to be cautious which may lead people to think that they are stubborn.
They must know what they are walking on or what they are about to cross.
They will be scared of anything that is not normal.
As trucks with four-wheel drive have become common, mules are little used for transport except in places without roads.
They are shown in show against horses or other mules.
They are used in western riding and English riding, and really  good for high-jumping.
Equids
Animal hybrids
The Dead Sea is a lake between the West Bank and Jordan.
It is  below sea level.
It is the lowest point on the surface of the Earth.
The Dead Sea is almost nine times as salty as the ocean.
That makes it impossible for most life to exist in it.
This is the reason for its name.
However, it is not completely dead, because some types of bacteria are able to live in the water.
Because the water is so salty, it weighs more than fresh water.
That lets people float in the Dead Sea without any effort.
Tourists come from around the world to float in the water.
Geography of Israel
Geography of Jordan
Lakes of Asia
The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), also known as the North American brown bear or simply grizzly, is a large population or subspecies of the brown bear inhabiting North America.
The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is North America's smallest and most common species of bear.
Black bears are omnivores (eating both meat and plants).
Black bears usually live in forested areas, but do leave forests in search of food.
Sometimes they become attracted to human activity due to a lack of food.
The American black bear is listed by the IUCN as Least Concern, because the species has a large global population estimated to be twice that of all other bear species combined.
In the past century, only 37 people have been killed by these animals.
American black bears usually hibernate during winter.
During this time, the black bear's metabolism and heart rate both decrease in relation to one another.
In fact, during hibernation, an American black bear's heart can stop for twenty seconds.
The body temperature of black bears also decreases to 31 °C (88 °F) during hibernation.
When hibernation is over, the black bear's body temperature returns to normal.
They are omnivores.
Black bears eat fish, rodents, rabbits, carrion, fruit, nuts, grasses, deer and moose calves.
Fur is the hair of mammals.
Different species may have quite different styles of hair, making them more or less suitable to the fur trade, but many are as follows:
Down hair (known also as undercoat or ground hair) — the bottom layer.
They are wool hairs, usually wavy or curly without straight portions or sharp points; down hairs tend to be shorter, flat, curly, and more numerous than the top layer.
Its principal function is thermoregulation; it keeps a layer of dry air next to the skin and repels water, thus providing thermal insulation.
Guard hair — the top layer is longer, coarser, nearly straight shafts of hair.
This protrudes through the down hair layer.
The top ends of the guard hairs are visible.
This top layer displays the most colour and gloss, including coat patterns adapted to display or camouflage.
It is also adapted to shedding water and blocking sunlight, protecting the undercoat and skin from external factors such as rain and ultraviolet radiation.
Many animals, such as domestic cats, erect their guard hairs as part of their threat display when agitated.
Many large mammals have little hair, because their body mass radiates proportionately less heat (elephants, rhinoceros, hippopotamus).
When elephants lived in arctic conditions they did have fur (woolly mammoths).
Marine mammals usually have little or no fur: the fur would become waterlogged.
They have a layer of fat (blubber) underneath their skin.
A special case is the naked mole-rat, whose hairlessness is probably an adaptation to their underground life-style.
Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956) was an American painter.
He became famous for painting in the abstract expressionist style.
Pollock's most famous paintings were made by dripping and splashing paint on a large canvas.
His nickname was Jack the Dripper.
Because of the method, this style is often called action painting.
Pollock was helped by his wife, artist Lee Krasner, and her style was very new at the time.
Pollock was bitter, and had serious drinking problems with alcohol.
His paintings are in museums all over the world, and his work is rated very high.
Pollock has been the subject of many movies because of his interesting life.
The most famous was a short documentary movie directed by Hans Namuth in 1951, and the 2000 movie about his life called Pollock, made by and starring actor Ed Harris.
Pollock was born in Cody, Wyoming.
In 1956, he was killed in a car crash in Springs, New York at the age of 44 years old.
The unique technique
Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936 at an experimental workshop operated in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros.
He later used paint pouring as one of several techniques on canvases of the early 1940s, such as "Male and Female" and "Composition with Pouring I." After his move to Springs, New York, he began painting with his canvases laid out on the studio floor, and he developed what was later called his drip technique.
Pollock described this use of household paints, instead of artist’s paints, as "a natural growth out of a need".
He used hardened brushes, sticks, and even basting syringes as paint applicators.
With this technique, Pollock was able to achieve a more immediate means of creating art, the paint now literally flowing from his chosen tool onto the canvas.
By defying the convention of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension, literally, by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions.
Later, Pollock turned to synthetic resin-based paints called alkyd enamels, which, at that time, was a novel medium.
In 1956, Time magazine called Pollock "Jack the Dripper" as a result of his unique painting style.
"My painting does not come from the easel.
I prefer to tack the unstretched canvas to the hard wall or the floor.
I need the resistance of a hard surface.
On the floor I am more at ease.
I feel nearer, more part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, work from the four sides and literally be in the painting".
"I continue to get further away from the usual painter's tools such as easel, palette, brushes, etc.
I prefer sticks, trowels, knives and dripping fluid paint or a heavy impasto with sand, broken glass or other foreign matter added".
"When I am in my painting, I'm not aware of what I'm doing.
It is only after a sort of 'get acquainted' period that I see what I have been about.
I have no fear of making changes, destroying the image, etc.,
because the painting has a life of its own.
I try to let it come through.
It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess.
Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well".
Influences on his dripping technique include the Mexican muralists and Surrealist automatism.
Pollock denied "the accident"; he usually had an idea of how he wanted a particular piece to appear.
His technique combined the movement of his body, over which he had control, the viscous flow of paint, the force of gravity, and the absorption of paint into the canvas.
It was a mixture of controllable and uncontrollable factors.
Flinging, dripping, pouring, and spattering, he would move energetically around the canvas, almost as if in a dance, and would not stop until he saw what he wanted to see.
Expensive painting
Pollock's No.
5, 1948 stands at the fifth highest price ever for a work of art.
It was privately sold by Sotheby's for (price adjusted) US$163.8 million dollars.
it was the most famous painting in whole entire world - which is  phenomenal well done Paul (Jackson Pollock).
List of American painters
People from Wyoming
Road accident deaths in New York
1956 deaths
Struve should not be confused with his grandfather, Otto Wilhelm von Struve (1819-1905).
Otto Struve (August 12 1897 – April 6 1963) was a Russian astronomer.
He was the grandson of Otto Wilhelm von Struve and the great-grandson of Friedrich Wilhelm von Struve.
Struve's education at the University of Kharkov was interrupted by World War I and the Russian Civil War, which left him a refugee in Turkey.
He went to the United States in 1921, obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago and eventually became head of the astronomy department there.
In 1932, he was made joint director of the University's Yerkes Observatory and McDonald Observatory (which he founded and where a telescope is named after him).
Struve may be regarded as the father of modern SETI.
He was one of the few eminent astronomers in the pre-Space Age era to publicly express a belief that extraterrestrial intelligence was abundant.
Timur or Tamerlane (9 April 1336 – 17 February 1405) was a Turkic conqueror in the 14th century who is regarded as one of history's greatest military leaders and strategists.
He founded the Timurid Empire in 1370.
The empire was large and included Transoxiana, parts of Turkestan, Afghanistan, Persia, Syria, Qurdistan, Baghdad, Georgia and Asia Minor.
He successfully conquered southern Russia and parts of India.
He invaded Delhi in 1398.
He called himself "Sword of Islam".
He is also known to have invented the Tamerlane Chess.
Not related to Genghis Khan but claiming to be his successor, he caused the death of thousands of people.
Timur is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe.
His empire led to the Gunpowder Empires in the 1500s and 1600s, most notably the Mughal Empire of India.
His real name is Tīmūr bin Taraghay Barlas.
He is also known by these names: Temur, Taimur, Timur Lenk, Timur-i Leng, Temur-e Lang, Amir Timur, Aqsaq Timur, and Tamburlaine.
Conquests
He began his military career after conquering Movarounnahr (now Uzbekistan) through various political betrayals and military campaigns.
In allegiance with other rulers in the area, he spent the next ten years fighting to gain territory, supporting the Khan empire against the Russians and defeating many large, imposing armies.
In 1383, Tamerlane began conquering Persia, challenging several rival dynasties in an effort to preserve his empire and expand his territory.
After securing the majority of eastern Persia and defeating a major Mongol king, Tokhtamysh, Tamerlane and his army occupied Moscow for a year.
During his time of absence from Persia, major revolts broke out.
So he repressed them.
Knowing his home territory of Samarkand was being handled by his military forces, Tamerlane then attacked India.
He crossed the Indus River in 1398 and marched his army into Delhi where he reduced much of the city, an event that would cause a great setback for the region.
As a result of this conquest, he left the territory with an immense quantity of spoil, using 90 captured elephants to carry treasure and stones from quarries to erect a mosque in his homeland.
In 1399, Tamerlane organized a new military expedition to attack the sultan of Egypt for territory infringement and marching on Syria, he stormed and sacked the city of Aleppo.
In 1401, his army occupied the city of Damascus.
He then moved on to storm Baghdad that same year and massacred 20,000 of its citizens, destroying all of its buildings and significant monuments in the process.
Timur and his army of 200,000 soldiers traveled through deep snow and frozen rivers toward China, eventually stopping in what is now Kazakhstan for a rest.
Timur caught a cold and died on the journey.
The trip to China stopped, and his body was taken home to Samarkand where it was buried beneath the dome of the Gur Amir mausoleum in a steel coffin under a slab of black jade six feet long.
On the stone was inscribed, “This is the resting place of the illustrious and merciful monarch, the most great sultan, the most mighty warrior, Lord Timur, Conqueror of the World.”
http://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of-india/timurs-invasion-on-india-what-were-its-effects/2692
1336 births
1405 deaths
Augustus (Latin: Imperator Caesar Dīvī Fīlius Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was the first Roman Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
He led Rome in its transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire.
Octavian, as he was originally called, was the adopted son of the complete ruler of the Roman Republic, Julius Caesar.
Octavian came into power in the Second Triumvirate.
This was three men ruling over the Roman Republic: Mark Antony, Lepidus and Octavian.
All three were loyal to Julius Caesar, the dictator who was killed in 44 BC.
Following his death, a war in Rome began, between those loyal to Caesar, and the conspirators, led by two of Caesar's assassinators, Brutus and Cassius.
At first, Octavian was the junior partner in the triumvirate.
Lepidus was more experienced in government, and Mark Antony was a fine military leader.
The triumvirate defeated Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi, 42 BC, largely due to Antony's leadership.
Then they split the leadership of the Republic three ways.
Antony took the east, Lepidus took Spain and part of North Africa, and Octavian took Italy.
Antony followed in Caesar's footsteps by going to Egypt and becoming Cleopatra's lover.
His absence from Rome allowed the intelligent Octavian to build up support.
The triumvirate broke up in 33 BC, and disagreement turned to civil war in 31 BC.
Antony was defeated by Octavian at the naval Battle of Actium and then at Alexandria.
He committed suicide, as did his lover, Cleopatra VII of Egypt, in 30 BC.
Lepidus was sidelined, blamed for a revolt in Sicily, and removed from government.
He died peacefully in exile in Circeii in Italy in the year 13 BC.
After winning the power struggle, Octavian was voted as Emperor by the Roman Senate in 31 BC.
He took the name "Augustus" (which meant 'exalted').
He ruled until AD 14, when his stepson and son-in-law Tiberius became Emperor in his place.
During his reign, some of those who were against his government were murdered (especially those senators who wanted to keep the Roman Republic).
He promised to make Rome a Republic again, but instead proclaimed himself High Priest (Pontifex Maximus).
Many temples in the provinces set up statues of him as one of their gods.
The name of the month "August" in English (and most other European languages) comes from him.
His main accomplishment was the creation of the Roman Empire, a political structure that lasted for nearly five centuries more.
He first recruited and set up the Praetorian Guard.
Ancient sources
Historians often use the Res Gestae Divi Augusti as a source for Augustus.
It was written by him as an inscription on his tomb which recorded all his achievements.
The historian Tacitus is often used by historians.
He gives an anti-Augustan perspective, whereas many other sources and histories were written to flatter Augustus (propaganda).
Some examples of writers like these are Velleius Paterculus, Virgil, Ovid.
The most famous work of Augustan propaganda is the Virgil's Aeneid
There are important legacies from Augustus.
They go from the creation of the "Roman Empire" to the name of the eight month of the year until the establishment of the province called "Italia" (within its actual borders and "regions" for the first time in History).
Other minor legacies are the establishment of the institution called "family" with surnames for all Roman citizens (previously only the aristocracy had "paters"), the creation of the first "fire fighters" in human History (for the city of Rome) and the set up of the Praetorian Guard as an elite of warriors.
Month of August
The month of August (Latin: Augustus) is named after Augustus; until his time it was called "Sextilis" (named so because it had been the sixth month of the original Roman calendar and the Latin word for six is sex).
Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar Johannes de Sacrobosco.
Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length (see Julian calendar).
According to a senatus consultum quoted by Macrobius, Sextilis was renamed to honor Augustus because several of the most significant events in his rise to power, culminating in the fall of Alexandria, fell in that month.
Creation of "Italia"
Roman Italy was created officially by the Roman Emperor Augustus with the Latin name "Italia".
It was the first time in History that the Italian peninsula (from the Alps to the Ionian Sea) was united under the same name.
Augustus was also called Father of Italy by Italian historians like Giannelli, because of this political/administrative decision.
Around 7 BC, Augustus divided Italy into eleven regiones, as reported by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia.
The following are the subdivisions/regions of his "Italia" (many are still existing today):
Regio I Latium et Campania
Regio II Apulia et Calabria
Regio III Lucania et Bruttium
Regio IV Samnium
Regio V Picenum
Regio VI Umbria et Ager Gallicus
Regio VII Etruria
Regio VIII Aemilia
Regio IX Liguria
Regio X Venetia et Histria
Regio XI Transpadana
The Italian population may have grown as well: three census were ordered by Augustus (the first in Italian History), to record the number of Roman citizens throughout the empire.
The surviving totals were 4,063,000 in 28 BC, 4,233,000 in 8 BC, and 4,937,000 in 14 AD, but it is still debated whether these counted all citizens, all adult male citizens, or only citizens sui iuris.
Estimates for the population of mainland Italy, including Cisalpine Gaul, at the beginning of the 1st century range from 6,000,000 according to Karl Julius Beloch in 1886, to 14,000,000 according to Elio Lo Cascio in 2009.
These calculations included the slaves, who were approximately one fifth of the total.
Roman Italy remained united until the sixth century, when it was divided between Byzantine and barbarian territories.
Since then "Italia" remained divided for nearly thirteen centuries until 1861 when was reunited in a similar way in the modern "Kingdom of Italy".
63 BC births
14 deaths
Roman Emperors
Camels are a mammal of the Camelidae family.
Camels form the genus Camelus.
There are three living species of camels.
Best-known are the dromedary (one hump) and bactrian (two humps) camels.
The earliest known camel, called Protylopus, lived in North America 40 to 50 million years ago, during the Eocene.
It was about the size of a rabbit and lived in the open woodlands of what is now South Dakota.
Habitat and adaptation
Camels live in deserts, where it is hot and dry.
Camels have adapted and found ways to help them survive in deserts.
They have a thick coat of hair that protects them from the heat in the day, and keeps them warm at night.
Their large feet spreads their weight on the sand when they are walking.
When there is food and water, a camel can eat and drink large amounts of it and store it as fat in the hump.
Then, when there is no food or water, the camel uses the fat for energy, and the hump becomes small and soft.
A camel’s waste contains very little water.
Even the water from the camel’s breath flows back into its mouth.
The camels have bushy eyebrows that don't let the sand go in their eyes in a sandstorm.
It has a long slender neck in order to reach high leaves such as palm trees, and rubbery patches on the belly and knees to protect the skin when kneeling and sitting on the hot sand.
These form after five years of age.
It has two sets of eyelashes, closing muscles in the nasal passages, hairy ears and tough, leathery skin to protect the camels skin in  sandstorms.
It has thick rubbery lips to eat dry, prickly plants and a large, haired tail to swat pests such as mosquitos and flies.
Camels live in groups, with one male, many females, and their young calves or calf.
They are animals that use their hooves.
An unborn camel gestates about 9 to 11 months.
There is usually one calf per birth.
A camel calf can run only a few hours after it is born.
Calves are weaned to when they are about 1 year old.
In the desert, people feed camels with grass, grains, wheat and oats.
When camels are travelling in the desert, food is often very hard to find.
So the animal might have to live on dried leaves, seeds, and thorny twigs (without hurting their mouths).
If there is not any regular food, camels will eat anything.
Camels are ruminants, which have a two-part cycle in their eating.
The first stomach ferments the food for a time.
Then, this food (or cud) returns to the camel's mouth, and the camel chews it again.
Then the camel swallows the cud and it goes to the other parts of the stomach to be completely digested.
The digestion is done mainly by microorganisms in the stomachs.
This adaptation means they can eat food which may not be very nutritious, but they get everything possible out of it.
Ruminants are a very successful group of mammals, and this double-stomach arrangement is one of their key adaptations.
Most of them eat fairly tough plant material.
Camels and humans
Camels have been domesticated by humans for about 5000 years.
They are used for riding and to carry things, and for meat, milk and wool.
As domesticated animals they are used in Africa, Asia, and since the 19th century also in Australia.
About 900-1000 wild Bactrian Camels still live in China, Tibetan Plateau and Mongolia.
There are no wild dromedaries anymore, but there are escaped domestic dromedaries in Australia.
Today there are dromedaries living wild in the outback in Australia.
Camelids
Note: years before or after the 15th century are in italics.
Note: years before or after the 14th century are in italics.
Note: years before or after the 13th century are in italics.
Note: years before or after the 12th century are in italics.
Mammalogy is the study of the mammals.
Mammalogy has also been known as "mastology," "theriology," and "therology."
Mammals are a group of vertebrate animals.
There are about 4,200 different species of animals which are considered mammals.
The major branches to study in the mammalogy career include:
natural history
taxonomy and systematics
anatomy and physiology
ethology
management and control
The approximate salary of a mammalogist varies from $20,000 to $60,000 a year, depending on their experience.
Mammalogists are typically involved in activities such as conducting research, managing personnel, and writing proposals.
An antibiotic (or antibacterial) is a chemical compound that kills bacteria or slows their growth.
They are used as medicine to treat and cure diseases caused by bacteria.
The first antibiotic discovered was Penicillin, a natural antibiotic produced by a fungus.
Production of antibiotics first began in 1939, and in the modern day, they are made by chemical synthesis.
Antibiotics can not be used to treat viruses.
Today, people worry that bacteria will not be affected by antibiotics.
Bacteria do evolve, and already many strains of bacteria resist regular antibiotics.
When exposed to antibiotics, most bacteria die quickly, but some may have mutations which make them slightly less susceptible.
These bacteria then multiply and make a large colony which is less affected by the antibiotic.
Part of this problem is caused by the over-use and misuse of antibiotics.
If someone is sick with a virus, antibiotics will not affect the virus.
Some doctors will still prescribe an antibiotic so the patient feels as though they are being treated for their illness.
The other problem is that many people do not use antibiotics correctly.
People often stop taking the medicine when they start feeling better.
But antibiotics don't kill all of the bad bacteria at once.
Bacteria which are more resistant do not die right away.
When someone stops taking the antibiotic too quickly, these resistant bacteria can reproduce and survive.
Then the antibiotic does not work so well because the bacteria are less affected by it.
Antibiotics can be the most effective way of treating bacterial infections.
A clue to this might been found in Pasteur's work.
He had a culture of anthrax germs that were left exposed to air.
They developed colonies of many fungi, but the anthrax bacilli disappeared.
Medical science was not, at the time, ready to see the implication of this.
It was 1928 that the study of antibiotics started,a small chance beginning.
Alexander Fleming, a London bacteriologist, was culturing staphylococcus.
In one Petri dish a mould appeared and spread On the nutrient gelatin of the dish each patch of mould was surrounded by clear ring, free of bacteria.
Moreover, the extracted substance was able to clear up infected wounds.
The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution.
This definition cut out substances which kill bacteria, but are not produced by microorganisms (such as gastric juices and hydrogen peroxide).