the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Wulff was sworn in two days after the election on 2 July 2010.
He served as Minister-President of the state of Lower Saxony from 2003 to 2010.
On 17 February 2012, Wulff announced his resignation of the position as President of Germany.
Wulff was born in Osnabrück and is Roman Catholic.
His father left the family, and he grew up with his mother.
As a teenager, he had to take responsibility for the care of his younger sister, after his mother developed multiple sclerosis.
After completing his Abitur at the Gymnasium in Osnabrück, Wulff went to study law.
He specialised in economic law at the University of Osnabrück.
In 1987 and 1990, he passed the first and second state examinations in law.
He started to work as a lawyer.
Since 1975, Wulff has been a member of the CDU.
From 1978 to 1980, he served as federal chairman of the Schülerunion.
This was a political high school student organization connected to the Christian Democrats.
He became the regional chairman of the Junge Union in Lower Saxony in 1983.
In 1986, he was elected a city councillor in his hometown.
Since 1984, he has sat on the CDU's regional party council of Lower Saxony, serving as its chairman since 1994.
The Christian Democrats made Wulff candidate for state Prime Minister in 1994.
However, the popular office holder Gerhard Schröder won.
After four years in opposition, the election in 1998 brought another opportunity for Wulff to become Prime Minister.
Indeed, the federal Christian Democrat party, led by Chancellor Helmut Kohl, made Wulff another time the candidate.
Wulff has been one of the four deputy chairmen of the CDU party at the federal level since 7 November 1998.
He has also been a board member of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation since 2003.
2003 state election
Lower Saxony announced deeper cuts of education and municipal services.
This set a stage for the 2003 election campaign.
Wulff entered the race as the favourite to win the election.
The Christian Democrats, in the political wilderness since 1990, were returned to power in the Legislative Assembly, gaining 48.3% of the vote.
Wulff was sworn in as Prime Minister on 4 March 2003, as the head of a coalition between centre-right Christian Democrats and liberal Free Democrats (FDP).
As Minister-President, Wulff has made a several reforms.
This includes a restructuring of the primary education system in Lower Saxony, as well as an increase of police officers.
When Wulff took office, Lower Saxony faced a severe budget crisis.
It was the result from years of public deficits.
The measures included cuts in university funding and in benefits for the blind.
Other policies concern the reform of the administration.
Many measures have remained controversial.
Prior to the 2005 Federal Election, Wulff had been mentioned as a potential candidate for the German chancellorship.
Surprisingly, in a spring 2005 poll, 28 percent of all respondents named Wulff as their preferred candidate for the Christian Democrat nomination for Chancellor in the 2006 election.
As Wulff only began his first term as Prime Minister in early 2003, he is likely to dismiss such speculations.
in December 2014, Wulff was re-elected deputy leader of the federal party with about 86 per cent of all delegates supporting him.
In a speech, Wulff expressed his opposition to euthanasia and warned of a retreat of moral values.
This can be seen as the first attempt to formulate a value-based agenda for the 2008 legislative assembly, and the 2009 federal elections.
In this context, it is important to note that Chancellor Angela Merkel had been severely criticized for a lack of emotional warmth during the 2005 federal election campaign.
Wulff and the 2005 federal elections
After the 23 May announcement that federal elections will be advanced to September 2005, Wulff announced that he was not a candidate for the CDU nomination for Chancellor.
He has not completed his first term as Premier of Lower Saxony.
Instead, Wulff declared his support for Angela Merkel.
She was the CDU leader in the Bundestag.
It was expected that the Christian Democrats would win the election and form a government, and that Wulff would be given a position in this government.
However, with the September 18 election resulting in a hung parliament, the outcome is unclear.
Wulff continued to be named as a possible CDU candidate for Chancellor, particularly if Chancellor Merkel failed to secure a decisive mandate in the 2009 federal election.
Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany on 30 June 2010.
He gon 625 of 1242 votes in the third ballot of the Federal Convention.
He is Germany's youngest President (51 years) and the first Roman Catholic President in more than forty years (the last Roman Catholic President was Heinrich Lübke).
Wullf was sworn in on 2 July 2010 in front of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat.
His main rival in the election was Joachim Gauck, a civil rights activist from East Germany and a former Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Archives.
Not a member of any party, Gauck was nominated by the opposition SPD and Greens as their presidential candidate on 3 June.
Wulff is succeeded as Prime Minister of Lower Saxony by David McAllister.
Wulff's candidacy for President of Germany in the 2010 presidential election was formally confirmed by Angela Merkel, Guido Westerwelle and Horst Seehofer.
They are the heads of the CDU, FDP and CSU parties.
Christian Wulff met his first wife, lawyer Christiane Wulff (born 1959), when they were both law students in Osnabrück in 1983.
They married in March 1988, and have a daughter, Annalena (born 1993).
In June 2006, Wulff announced that he would divorce his wife.
In 2008, Wulff married an aide from the Prime Minister's Office, Bettina Körner (born 1973 in Hanover).
She has a son from a previous relationship.
On 12 May 2008, she gave birth to their first child together, also a boy.
Curriculum vitae of Prime Minister Christian Wulff
Office of the Prime Minister
Examples of Presidential Doctrines
Jens Böhrnsen (born 12 June 1949 in Bremen) is a German politician of the SPD.
From 2005 to 2015, he served as the President of the Senate and Mayor of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, that is, the head of government of the city-state of Bremen.
He became President of the Federal Council in 2009, and as such, he was acting head of state (31 May - 30 June 2010) following the resignation of German President Horst Köhler .
Mayors of Bremen
Moncrabeau  is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.
Claude Bernard (12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist.
He has been called "one of the greatest of all men of science".
He was one of the first to suggest blind experiments to get scientific observations more free of bias.
He was the first to define the term milieu interieur, which is now known as homeostasis, a later term coined by Walter Cannon.
Bernard made animal experimentation a part of the standard scientific method.
He famously wrote in 1865 that "the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly lit hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen".
He was born in 1813 in Saint-Julien near Villefranche-sur-Saône.
He wrote comedies and other plays.
When he was 21 he went to Paris with his play and went to a critic.
But the critic suggested for him to study medicine instead of literature.
In 1845 Bernard married Françoise Marie (Fanny) Martin for her money.
Her money helped him in his experiments, but she was firmly against his methods, and founded the first French society for anti-vivisectionists.
When he died Bernard was given a public funeral.
This was something which had never been given by France to a man of science before.
Vivisection (from Latin vivus ("alive") + sectio ("cutting")) is a doing a surgery as an experiment on a living organism, usually animals.
It is sometimes used to mean animal testing itself (see animal testing).
The word is often used by people or organizations who dislike animal experimentation
Yarri, Donna.
The Ethics of Animal Experimentation, Oxford University Press U.S., 2005
Lee Kuan Yew (born Harry Lee Kuan Yew; 16 September 1923 – 23 March 2015), often referred to by his initials LKY, was a Singaporean statesman who served as the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 5 June 1959 to 28 November 1990.
He had also served as the second Senior Minister from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004 and Minister Mentor from 12 August 2004 until his retirement from the executive branch of government on 21 May 2011.
Lee was born in Singapore during British colonial rule, which was part of the Straits Settlements.
He had top grades in his early education, gaining a scholarship and admission to Raffles College.
During the Japanese occupation, Lee worked in private companies and as an administration service officer for the propaganda office.
After the war, Lee first attended the London School of Economics, but transferred to Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, graduating with starred-first-class honours in law in 1947.
He became a barrister of the Middle Temple in 1950 before returning to Singapore, and began campaigning for Britain to give up its colonial rule of his place of birth.
He was the co-founder and first secretary-general of the People's Action Party (PAP), and led the party to a landslide electoral victory in 1959.
During his leadership, Lee campaigned for a merger with other former British territories in a national referendum to form the Federation of Malaysia in 1963.
However, racial issues and ideological differences led to Singapore's being forced to leave from the federation, and it became its own country on 9 August 1965.
As leader of an independent Singapore, Lee guided the country by helping it grow from an underdeveloped outpost with no natural resources into a rich highly developed country, becoming known as an Asian Tiger.
He has remained one of the most influential political figures in Asia.
The party which he had co-founded also still rules Singapore today.
Lee died on 23 March 2015 from pneumonia, and the country went into a week of national mourning.
Lee Kuan Yew was born at 92 Kampong Java Road in Singapore.
He was the oldest child of Lee Chin Koon and Chua Jim Neo.
As a child he was strongly influenced by British culture, partly because of the influence of his grandfather Lee Hoon Leong, who had given his sons an English education.
Lee and his wife Kwa Geok Choo were married on 30 September 1950.
They have two sons (Lee Hsien Loong and Lee Hsien Yang) and one daughter (Lee Wei Ling).
Many of Lee's family have important positions in Singaporean society, and his children hold high government or government-linked posts.
His elder son Lee Hsien Loong, a former Brigadier General, has been the Prime Minister since 2004.
He is also the Deputy Chairman of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC), of which Lee himself is the chairman.
Lee's younger son, Lee Hsien Yang, is also a former Brigadier General and is a former President and Chief Executive Officer of SingTel, a pan-Asian telecommunications giant and Singapore's largest company by market capitalisation (listed on the Singapore Exchange, SGX).
Fifty-six percent of SingTel is owned by Temasek Holdings, a prominent government holding company with controlling stakes in a variety of very large government-linked companies such as Singapore Airlines and DBS Bank.
Temasek Holdings was until 2009 run by Executive Director and C.E.O. Ho Ching, the wife of Lee Hsien Loong.
Lee's daughter, Lee Wei Ling, runs the National Neuroscience Institute.
Lee's wife, Kwa Geok Choo, used to be a partner of the prominent legal firm Lee & Lee.
Lee studied at Telok Kurau Primary School, Raffles Institution (where he was a member of the 01 Raffles Scout Group), and Raffles College (now National University of Singapore).
He was stopped from going to university by World War II and the 1942-1945 Japanese occupation of Singapore.
During the occupation, he ran a successful black market business selling tapioca-based glue called Stikfas.
Because he had taken Chinese and Japanese lessons since 1942, he was able to find work transcribing Allied wire reports for the Japanese, as well as being the English language editor on the Japanese Hodobu (報道部 – an information or propaganda department) from 1943 to 1944.
Decisions and policies
The vulnerability of Singapore was deeply felt, with threats from multiple sources including the communists, Indonesia (with its Confrontation stance), and UMNO extremists who wanted to force Singapore back into Malaysia.
As Singapore gained admission to the United Nations, Lee quickly sought international recognition of Singapore's independence.
He declared a policy of neutrality and non-alignment, following Switzerland's model.
At the same time, he asked Goh Keng Swee to build up the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and requested help from other countries for advice, training and facilities.
Government policies
Like many countries, Singapore was not immune to political corruption.
Lee introduced legislation giving the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) greater power to conduct arrests, search, call up witnesses, and investigate bank accounts and income-tax returns of suspected persons and their families.
Lee believed that ministers should be well paid in order to maintain a clean and honest government.
In 1994 he proposed to link the salaries of ministers, judges, and top civil servants to the salaries of top professionals in the private sector, arguing that this would help recruit and retain talent to serve in the public sector.
In the late 1960s, fearing that Singapore's growing population might overburden the developing economy, Lee started a vigorous 'Stop-at-Two' family planning campaign.
Couples were urged to undergo sterilisation after their second child.
Third or fourth children were given lower priorities in education and such families received fewer economic rebates.
In 1983, Lee sparked the 'Great Marriage Debate' when he encouraged Singapore men to choose highly-educated women as wives.
He was concerned that a large number of graduate women were unmarried.
Some sections of the population, including graduate women, were upset by his views.
Nevertheless, a match-making agency Social Development Unit (SDU) was set up to promote socialising among men and women graduates.
Lee also introduced incentives such as tax rebates, schooling, and housing priorities for graduate mothers who had three or four children, in a reversal of the over-successful 'Stop-at-Two' family planning campaign in the 1960s and 1970s.
By the late 1990s, the birth rate had fallen so low that Lee's successor Goh Chok Tong extended these incentives to all married women, and gave even more incentives, such as the 'baby bonus' scheme.
On 5 February 2015, Lee was hospitalised with "severe pneumonia" and was put on a ventilator at the intensive care unit of Singapore General Hospital, although his condition was reported as "stable".
A 26 February update stated that Lee was again being given antibiotics, while being sedated and still under mechanical ventilation.
On 23 March 2015, Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced the death of Lee Kuan Yew, at the age of 91.
His state funeral was held at the University Cultural Centre, National University of Singapore at 2p.m. local time on 29 March 2015.
During the three decades in which Lee held office, Singapore grew from being a developing country to one of the most developed nations in Asia, despite its small population, limited land space and lack of natural resources.
Lee has often stated that Singapore's only natural resources are its people and their strong work ethic.
He is widely respected by many Singaporeans, particularly the older generation, who remember his inspiring leadership during independence and the separation from Malaysia.
On the other hand, many Singaporeans have criticized Lee as being authoritarian and intolerant of dissent, citing his numerous mostly successful attempts to sue political opponents and newspapers who express an unfavorable opinion.
International media watchdog Reporters Without Borders has asked Lee, and other senior Singaporean officials, to stop taking libel actions against journalists.
Lee has written a two-volume set of memoirs: The Singapore Story (), which covers his view of Singapore's history until its separation from Malaysia in 1965, and From Third World to First: The Singapore Story (), which gives his account of Singapore's subsequent transformation into a developed nation.
Lee has received a number of state decorations, including the Order of the Companions of Honour (1970), Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (1972), the Freedom of the City of London (1982), the Order of the Crown of Johore First Class (1984), the Order of Great Leader (1988) and the Order of the Rising Sun (1967).
Lee was awarded the Ig Nobel Prize in 1994.
In 2002, Lee was formally admitted to the Fellowship of Imperial College London in recognition of his promotion of international trade and industry, and development of science and engineering study initiatives with the UK.
In 2006, Lee was presented with the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
In 2007, Lee was conferred an honorary Doctorate in Law at the Australian National University in Canberra, albeit amid protest from students and staff.
In October 2009, Lee was conferred the first Lifetime Achievement award by the U.S.-Asean Business Council at its 25th anniversary gala dinner in Washington, D.C.. In his tribute, former United States Secretary of State and 1973 Nobel Peace Prize winner, Dr Henry Kissinger said: "He has become a seminal figure for all of us.
I've not learned as much from anybody as I have from Mr Lee Kuan Yew.
He made himself an indispensable friend of the United States, not primarily by the power he represented but by the quality of his thinking.
Meeting the U.S. President at the White House Oval Office a day later, President Barack Obama introduced him as: "... one of the legendary figures of Asia in the 20th and 21st centuries.
He is somebody who helped to trigger the Asian economic miracle."
On 15 November 2009, Lee was awarded the Russian Order of Friendship by President Dmitry Medvedev on the sidelines of APEC Singapore 2009.
Devan Nair, the third President of Singapore and who was living in exile in Canada, remarked in a 1999 interview with the Toronto The Globe and Mail that Lee's technique of suing his opponents into bankruptcy or oblivion was an abrogation of political rights.
He also remarked that Lee is "an increasingly self-righteous know-all", surrounded by "department store dummies".
In response to these remarks, Lee sued Devan Nair in a Canadian court and Nair countersued.
Lee then brought a motion to have Nair's counterclaim thrown out of court.
Lee argued that Nair's counterclaim disclosed no reasonable cause of action and constituted an inflammatory attack on the integrity of the government of Singapore.
However, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice refused to throw out Nair's counterclaim, holding that Lee had abused the litigating process and therefore Nair has a reasonable cause of action.
In 2011, Wikileaks published diplomatic cables attributing controversial comments on Islam to Lee.
Lee later denied making the comments.
The incident followed hot on the heels of Lee's controversial book release Lee Kuan Yew: Hard Truths to Keep Singapore Going.
In the book, Lee claimed that Singaporean Muslims faced difficulties in integrating because of their religion, and urged them to "be less strict on Islamic observances".
He has said:
I think we were progressing very nicely until the surge of Islam came, and if you asked me for my observations, the other communities have easier integration - friends, intermarriages and so on, Indians with Chinese, Chinese with Indians - than Muslims.
That's the result of the surge from the Arab states.
But now, you go to schools with Malay and Chinese, there's a halal and non-halal segment and so too, the universities.
And they tend to sit separately so as not to be contaminated.
All that becomes a social divide...
The ethnic integration policy was also implemented to avoid the formation of ethnic ghettoes in Singapore's HDB flats.
Every precinct had to have inhabitants from all the ethnic groups according to national proportions.
Defamation judgment
On 24 September 2008 the High Court of Singapore, in a summary judgment by Justice Woo Bih Li, ruled that the Far Eastern Economic Review (FEER) magazine (Hugo Restall, editor), defamed Lee and his son, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.
The court found the 2006 article "Singapore's 'Martyr': Chee Soon Juan" meant that Lee Kuan Yew "has been running and continues to run Singapore in the same corrupt manner as T. T. Durai operated the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and he has been using libel actions to suppress those who would question to avoid exposure of his corruption."
The court sentenced FEER, owned by Dow Jones & Company (in turn owned by Rupert Murdoch's News Corp), to pay damages to the complainants.
FEER appealed but lost the case when the Court of Appeal ruled in October, 2009 that the Far Eastern Economic Review did defame the country's founder Lee Kuan Yew and his son Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.
Barr, Michael D. 2000.
Lee Kuan Yew: The Beliefs Behind the Man.
Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Gordon, Uri.
Machiavelli's Tiger: Lee Kwan Yew and Singapore's Authoritarian regime
Josey, Alex.
Lee Kuan Yew — The Crucial Years.
Singapore and Kuala Lumpur: Times Books International.
King, Rodney.
The Singapore Miracle, Myth and Reality.
2nd Edition, Insight Press.
Kwang, Han Fook, Warren Fernandez and Sumiko Tan.
Lee Kuan Yew: The Man and His Ideas.
Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings.
Minchin, James.
No Man is an Island.
A Study of Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew.
Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Official Profile .
Lee Kuan Yew Watch
Culture Is Destiny; A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew .
Foreign Affairs, interview by Fareed Zakaria.
War of Words  Alejandro Reyes, Asiaweek.com, 25 September 1998.
Retrieved 8 December 2004.
Lee Kuan Yew: A Chronology, 1923–1965 Largely based on Lee Kuan Yew, The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew.
Singapore: Times, 1998.
Retrieved 8 December 2004
Charlie Rose interview LEE KUAN YEW - 58 mins interview video
CNN interview Part 1, Part 2: CNN's Fareed Zakaria talks with Lee Kuan Yew about his life as prime minister of Singapore.
Singaporean politicians
Political office-holders in Singapore
Wednesday Morning, 3 AM is the name of the first album by Simon and Garfunkel.
It came out in 1964.
Some of the songs on the album were written by Paul Simon, but others were written by other people.
The songs "Wednesday Morning, 3 AM", "The Sounds of Silence", "Bleecker Street" and Bob Dylan's "The Times They Are a-Changin'" are on the album.
The album did not sell well, though the song "The Sounds of Silence" was later released as a successful single in 1966.
Three 6 Mafia is a rap group from Memphis, Tennessee.
They became a band under the name Triple 6 Mafia in 1991 and released their debut studio album Mystic Stylez in 1995.
They are signed to Sony Music Entertainment, Hypnotize Minds and Columbia Records.
Their song "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp" won an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2006.
The song "Somebody's Gonna Get It" is the current entrance theme song of WWE superstar Mark Henry.
Mystic Stylez (1995)
Chapter 1: The End (1996)
Chapter 2: World Domination (1997)
When the Smoke Clears: Sixty 6, Sixty 1 (2000)
Choices II: The Setup (2005)
Most Known Unknown (2005)
Last 2 Walk (2008)
Laws of Power (2014)
In geology, a hotspot or hot spot is a portion of the Earth's surface which experiences volcanism.
This may be caused by a rising mantle plume or some other cause.
Hotspots may be far from tectonic plate boundaries.
A volcanic hotspot is where magma pushes up from deep in the Earth's crust or mantle and creates a volcano.
The earth's plates can move along, creating a new volcano above the hotspot while moving the older volcanoes away.
This creates a chain of volcanoes, such as in Hawaii.
Standard account of volcanic activity
Most volcanoes are explained by the collision or splitting apart of continental plates.
This explains the long mountain ranges which have many volcanoes, such as the western edge of the Americas.
It also explains the huge rift valleys such as the East African Rift Valley.
Most Earth scientists accept that the cause of these great features is plate tectonics.
The problem arises with volcanoes which are not at the edges of plates.
In the United States, the Yellowstone Caldera is obviously active.
It has geysers caused by constant geothermal energy activity, and the floor of the crater moves up and down as much as 50 meters in a few years.
The Pacific Ocean has six or seven chains of islands formed by volcanic activity.
Most of these cannot be explained simply as being on the edge of two or three plates.
Hotspot theory
J. Tuzo Wilson suggested in 1963 that volcanic chains like the Hawaiian Islands result from the slow movement of a tectonic plate across a fixed hot spot deep beneath the surface of the planet.
Hotspots are thought to be caused by a narrow stream of hot mantle convecting up from the Earth's core–mantle boundary called a mantle plume.
Other geologists think it is not high temperature that causes the volcanism.
They think lithospheric extension (stretching of the Earth's crust) allows melt to rise from shallow depths.
Geologists have identified some 40–50 such hotspots around the globe.
Those under Hawaii, Réunion, Yellowstone, Galápagos Islands, are the most active at present.
Beautiful Girls is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama movie.
It stars Rosie O'Donnell, Matt Dillon, Mira Sorvino and Natalie Portman.
The movie was released in February 1996.
It is about a reunion.
Ted Demme directed the movie.
Also starring are Annabeth Gish, Lauren Holly, Michael Rapaport and Uma Thurman.
1996 romance movies
1996 comedy-drama movies
Radjabov earned the title of Grandmaster in March 2001 at the age of 14, making him the second-youngest grandmaster in history at that time (to Bu Xiangzhi).
Radjabov's playing style has been described as attacking and tactically influenced.
Radjabov is the youngest player ever to make the FIDE Top 100 Players list.
His rating of 2599 in January 2002 ranked 93rd in the world while he was still 14 years old.
In 2003, Radjabov defeated Garry Kasparov, Viswanathan Anand, and Ruslan Ponomariov with the black pieces.
He is probably the first player ever to beat three former and reigning FIDE World Chess Champions with the black pieces in one year.
Position from Kasparov  Rajabov
21... Ngxe5!?
Qe3 Nd7
Qxe6 Bh4
Qg4 g5
Bd2 Rde8 and Black eventually won.
Bxe5 Nxe5
dxe5 d4!
Rumble Fighter is a computer game.
It is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) where it is possible to play different classes such as the Striker, Soul Fighter, Elementalist, Alchemist or Shaman.
The game is usually played player vs. player (PVP), but a new mode called Adventure Mode makes it possible to fight monsters, single play or party play.
Peak oil is the idea that at some point an oil well, an oil field, a country, or the world, will be producing the most crude oil it can ever produce at one time.
After this point, less oil will be produced and therefore people will have to use less oil because it will cost more money.
Many scientists and governments are concerned about what will happen when there is less oil to go around.
The first person to come up with this idea was M.K. Hubbert in the 1950s and 1960s, who said that a graph of oil production looks like a curve (which we now call Hubbert's Curve).
Hubbert drew a graph in 1956 that predicted that the United States would reach its peak oil in the early 1970s.
The United States did indeed reach its peak oil in the early 1970s.
It is unclear as to when the world's peak oil will happen, though many scientists agree that it was reached in the early 2000s or before 2020.
For example, in 2010 the International Energy Agency (IEA) has said that peak oil may have happened in 2006.
The corgi (or Welsh corgi) is a small breed of dog.
It comes from Wales.
There are two breeds: the Pembroke Welsh corgi and the Cardigan Welsh corgi.
Queen Elizabeth II has kept pet Pembroke Welsh corgis since she was seven years old.
Corgis have a long torso and short legs, large bones, and a very short tail.
Corgis were originally bred as herding dogs.
They are very active and like exercise.
They are intelligent and have good memories.
Outside Wales, corgis have been made popular by Queen Elizabeth II.
She usually had at least four as pets and once as many as thirteen.
Her first corgi was named Susan.
She mated Susan and her current dogs are still offspring of that breeding.
She now has two corgis who are about twelve years old.
Some portraits of Queen Elizabeth II show her holding a corgi or a few around her.
Flying ace, a military pilot who has shot down five or more enemy aircraft in air combat
Ace (Doctor Who), a character in the Doctor Who television series
Ace Frehley (born 1951), rock and roll guitarist and former member of the rock band Kiss
Ace, a slang term for asexuality
Ace (card), a card in a pack of playing cards.
Dave Bolland (born June 5, 1986 in Etobicoke, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre.
He played for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Toronto Maple Leafs.
He began his hockey career when he played for the Queensway Canadiens at Mimico Areana, the local arena in Mimico.
He then played minor hockey for the Toronto Red Wings of the Greater Toronto Hockey League from 2000 until 2002.
When he played for the Red Wings, they won the OHL All Ontario Bantam Championship.
He was selected eighth overall in the first round of the 2002 Ontario Hockey League (OHL) Priority Selection by the London Knights.
He played 4 seasons with the Knight before he was drafted with the 32nd overall pick by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.
On June 28, 2014, Bolland was signed as a free agent by the Florida Panthers to a five-year, $27.5 million  contract.
Middlesex is one of the historic counties of England and the second smallest by area.
The county once contained the rich and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary.
The county was affected by the expansion of London in the 18th and 19th centuries.
From 1855 the south east was administered as part of London.
When county councils were initially introduced in England in 1889 around 20% of the area of Middlesex, and a third of its population, was transferred to the County of London.
After a Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London, Middlesex was absorbed by an enlarged Greater London in 1965.
Despite its disappearance as an administrative county, Middlesex is still used as an area name.
It was kept as a postal county; it is an optional component of postal addresses.
It is still regarded by many as a meaningful area, with its own teams in County cricket, rugby and other sports and pastimes.
Ernst  Heinrich  Meier (17 May 1813 in Bückeburg – 2 March 1866 in Tübingen) was a German Orientalist.
He published an Indian play, Sakuntala or the Lost Ring.
He also published a collection of German folk songs.
Chico Slimani (born 2 April 1971) is a Moroccan-Welsh pop singer based in the UK and Morocco.
He has been active since 2005 when he reached the quarter-finals of the 2005 UK series of talent show The X Factor.
He has had 3 hit singles as of 2010, Number 1 hit "It's Chico Time", which was number 3 in Ireland, Number 24 hit "Disco" which was number 39 in Ireland and Number 45 hit "Curvy Cola Bottle Body" which failed to chart in Ireland he charted at number 85 with "It's England Time".
He is part of Sony BMG record label.
His album is Lights, Camera, Action.
He is a contestant in the seventh series of Dancing on Ice, which began in January 2012.
He is also known as Chico.
Moroccan entertainers
Welsh pop musicians
Recaredo Santos Tornero (October 14, 1842 – July 26, 1902) was a Chilean editor and journalist.
He was the director of El Mercurio de Valparaíso and founder of El Comercio.
Tornero was born in Valparaíso, on October 14, 1842.
His parents were Carmen Olmos de Aguilera Orrego, and the Spanish immigrant José Santos Tornero Monteros, who was also the owner of the first public library in Chile.
Recaredo Tornero studied at the National Institute of Santiago, and later attended the École Supérieure de Commerce de Paris, in France.
He came back to Chile in 1860.
In 1866, he succeeded his father as the director of El Mercurio de Valparaíso.
He married Elena Stuven Olmos, and they had four children: Carmela, Recaredo, Teresa and Enrique.
His father's businesses included the Spanish Library (), the printing house of El Mercurio and the Valparaíso newspaper of the same name.
The enterprise remained in the family's possession for 33 years.
In 1866, Tornero and his brother Orestes bought the enterprise from their father.
Orestes took care of the library and its other parts, while Recaredo continued running the printing house and the newspaper.
Later, they formed the Tornero & Sons Society () with his father, who was living outside Chile.
Tornero was the only editor of El Mercurio de Valparaíso from 1867 to 1870.
In 1870, he partnered with Camilo Letelier.
Blanco Cuartín became the main editor of the newspaper later and suggested that it focus on culture and literacy
He published Chile Ilustrado in 1872, the first illustrated album of Chile, with a descriptive guide, historic, politic, industrial, social and statistical review of the country and a rich graphic backup, with more than 200 wood engravings and 10 litographs.
He was given a prize for this book at the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition.
After running it for nine years, he sold his part of the newspaper to Camilo Letelier.
He revisited Europe in 1875, and bought machinery to create the first paper mill in Chile in 1880.
At that time, he also started to publish foreign works translated into Spanish.
After his return to Valparaíso, Tornero founded a library and a printing house in Almendral.
His brother Orestes died in 1881, and Tornero he took over the Mercurio library, which was mainly focused on editing teaching material and works translated from French.
President José Manuel Balmaceda had a bad relationship with the Chilean press.
For this reason, Recaredo started the newspaper El Comercio to support him.
Chilean journalists
rowspan="2" style="width:33px;"| Year
rowspan="2" style="width:215px;"| Album details
colspan="9"| Peak chart positions
rowspan="2" style="width:125px;"| Sales
rowspan="2" style="width:125px;"| Certifications(sales thresholds)
|- style="font-size:smaller;"
width="25"|U.S.
width="25"|AUS
width="25"|AUT
width="25"|CAN
width="25"|FRA
width="25"|GER
width="25"|ITA
width="25"|SWI
width="25"|UK
| style="text-align:center;"|1983
|Madonna
Released: July 27, 1983<small>
Label: Sire, Warner Bros.
Formats: LP, Picture Disc, Cassette, CD
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| style="text-align:center;"|15
| style="text-align:center;"|19
| style="text-align:center;"|28
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|align="left"|<small>
US: 2,000,000
US: 5× Platinum
UK: Platinum
|Like a Virgin
Released: November 12, 1984<small>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| style="text-align:center;"|3
WW: 21,000,000
US: 10× Platinum
CAN: 10× Platinum
AUS: 7× Platinum
UK: 3× Platinum
| style="text-align:center;"|1986
|True Blue
Released: June 30, 1986<small>
WW: 24,000,000
US: 7× Platinum
UK: 7× Platinum
| style="text-align:center;"|1989
|Like a Prayer
Released: March 21, 1989<small>
| style="text-align:center;"|4
WW: 11,000,000
US: 4× Platinum
CAN: 5× Platinum
UK: 4× Platinum
|Erotica
Released: October 20, 1992<small>
Label: Maverick, Sire, Warner Bros.
| style="text-align:center;"|5
US: 1,890,000
US: 2× Platinum
CAN: 2× Platinum
AUS: 3× Platinum
UK: 2× Platinum
|Bedtime Stories
Released: October 25, 1994<small>
| style="text-align:center;"|7
US: 2,309,000
US: 3× Platinum
EU: 2× Platinum
| style="text-align:center;"|1998
|Ray of Light
Released: March 3, 1998<small>
Label: Maverick, Warner Bros.
Formats: LP, Cassette, CD, Digital download
WW: 14,000,000
US: 3,837,000
EU: 7× Platinum
CAN: 7× Platinum
UK: 6× Platinum
|Music
Released: September 19, 2000<small>
WW: 10,000,000
US: 2,923,000
EU: 4× Platinum
CAN: 3× Platinum
UK: 5× Platinum
| style="text-align:center;"|2003
|American Life
Released: April 22, 2003<small>
Formats: LP, Cassette, CD, digital download
US: 675,000
US: Platinum
EU: Platinum
CAN: Platinum
AUS: Platinum
| style="text-align:center;"|2005
|Confessions on a Dance Floor
Released: November 15, 2005<small>
Label: Warner Bros.
Formats: Double LP, Cassette, CD, Digital download
WW: 8,000,000
US: 1,695,000
AUS: 2× Platinum
| style="text-align:center;"|2008
|Hard Candy<small>
Released: April 29, 2008<small>
| style="text-align:center;"| 1
US: 725,000
US: Gold
UK: Gold
|MDNA| style="text-align:center;"| 1
|Rebel Heart| style="text-align:center;"|2
|2019
|Madame X|
Standard worldwide: 1-CD.
Standard USA: 2-CD (counted as double units).
RIAA counts double albums twice towards certification if over 100 minutes.
This EP is considered in some countries as a single and in others as an album.
I'm Going to Tell You a Secret'' reached #1 in the UK DVD Chart.
People who have a personality with many traits that make them prone to addiction are said to have an addictive personality.
An addiction is a physical or psychological dependency that influences the life of that person negatively.
Very often, such people use illegal drugs, but this does not have to be the case: many can also be addicted to smoking, gambling, food, exercise, work, video games, pornography or relationships.
This is called codependency.
People with an addictive personality tend to plan their lives around the addiction.
Addictive personality is difficult to treat.
The Nexus was a professional wrestling stable that competed on the Raw brand.
The Nexus' members were the First and Second Season NXT Rookies, CM Punk and John Cena.
Before the Nexus joined together, they were contestants on the show, NXT.
At the end of the first season of the show, Wade Barrett was chosen to be the winner, and he got a WWE contract and a chance to face any champion he chose.
The seven losers of the show were left without a job.
On the June 7th Raw, the group debuted during a match between John Cena and CM Punk.
The Nexus attacked Punk, Cena, Luke Gallows, Jerry Lawler, Matt Striker, and other WWE employees.
A week later, The Nexus explained their motive for what they did.
They said that the WWE didn't treat them good during their time on NXT.
Now, they wanted the WWE to give the other 7 members of the Nexus WWE contracts.
Bret Hart said no, and he also fired Barrett.
The Nexus then attacked Hart, and threw him into a limo.
They drove the limo around, crashing into other cars, and hurting Bret Hart.
During the Fatal 4-Way pay-per-view, the Nexus interfered in the main event for the WWE Championship, attacking all the wrestlers involved.
Sheamus used the interference to win the championship from John Cena.
The next night, Vince McMahon chose a new general manager of Raw.
This new GM gave the all of the Nexus WWE contracts.
Barrett said that this group was going to form no matter who won the competition, stating that the seven of them had formed a "Nexus" and had a common goal they all fought to have accomplished.
However, even after apologizing for their actions, the Nexus continued their attacks, including one on McMahon who tried to take credit for the Nexus' actions.
At Money in the Bank pay-per-view, the Nexus tried to get involved in the WWE Championship match involving Sheamus and John Cena in a steel cage by breaking the door.
However, the referees threw away the key and the tool that Tarver tried to use to break in.
Then, they tried to climb up and get into the match.
However, Sheamus and Cena were able to hold them off and escape, with Sheamus winning.
Afterwards, Cena began beating up Tarver and Young and then took Tarver's Nexus armband.
On the July 19 episode of Raw the Nexus continued their attacks on the Raw roster by first attacking Edge and then Chris Jericho.
Later on in the show Barrett beat Mark Henry.
After that, Barrett and The Nexus asked Cena to join them.
Cena refused and said that he would take them all down at SummerSlam, and that he had found some help to do it.
Cena revealed his team one by one; the members were Edge, John Morrison, R-Truth, The Great Khali, Chris Jericho and Bret Hart.
On the August 9 episode of Raw, the Nexus attacked the Hart Dynasty, Mark Henry, and the Great Khali before being stopped by Team WWE in a tag team lumberjack match.
At SummerSlam, the Nexus were defeated by Team WWE, who had  Daniel Bryan, who joined Team WWE as a surprise member (after Nexus had (kayfabe) injured Khali, taking him out of the match) and eliminated both Young and Slater.
On the August 16, 2010 episode of Raw, Wade Barrett said that each member of Nexus would have a match facing a member of Team WWE and if a Nexus member lost they would be kicked out.
All members of the Nexus, except for Darren Young, won their matches that night.
Because of this, Young was thrown out of Nexus and attacked afterwards.
At a live event in Hawaii, member Skip Sheffield broke his ankle during a tag match with Otunga against the Hart Dynasty.
This injury would take Sheffield out of action for months and that left only 5 members of Nexus left.
The Nexus defeated the team of John Cena, Edge, Chris Jericho, Sheamus and Randy Orton in a 5 on 5 elimination match.
They also attacked The Undertaker with the help of Kane.
They would appear on SmackDown and attack Dolph Ziggler, MVP, Big Show and John Cena.
The Nexus would later serve as lumberjacks in the main event match between John Cena and Kane.
Wade Barrett went on to face John Cena at Hell in a Cell.
If Barrett won, Cena would be forced to join Nexus but if Cena won Nexus would be disbanded.
Barrett went on to win the match after Husky Harris and Michael McGillicutty interfered in the match.
On the following Raw, John Cena was paired with Michael Tarver.
After their match, Cena attacked Tarver.
Barrett said they were going to get rid of Tarver anyways.
Cena said he would destroy Nexus from the inside but the mystery GM said that Cena was a member of Nexus now and he would either take orders from Barrett or be fired.
During a #1 contender battle royal later that night, Barrett ordered Cena to eliminate himself when it came down to them.
At Bragging Rights, Cena and Otunga won the WWE Tag Team Championship by defeating Cody Rhodes and Drew McIntyre.
The rest of the Nexus also helped Kane defeat The Undertaker in a buried alive match later that night.
Barrett defeated Randy Orton in the main event match for the WWE Championship by disqualification from John Cena which caused him not to win the championship.
Slater and Gabriel won the Tag Team Championship on the next Raw when Barrett ordered Otunga to lie down and be pinned on purpose.
Barrett also said that Michael McGillicutty and Husky Harris had become official member of Nexus.
Cena defeated Orton in the main event match by disqualification from Barrett.
Barrett was allowed to chose a special guest referee for his WWE Championship rematch against Orton at Survivor Series and he chose Cena.
He said if Cena didn't make sure he won, Cena would be fired from the WWE but if Barrett did win, Cena would be able to leave the Nexus.
Otunga led Harris, Slater, Gabriel and McGillicutty and they invaded SmackDown where they interrupted a match between Edge and Alberto Del Rio.
They were defeated in the main event 10-man tag team match by Edge, Del Rio, Big Show, Kane and Kofi Kingston.
Barrett wasn't happy with Otunga's decision to invade SmackDown and he forced Otunga to defend his spot in the group the next week.
Otunga successfully defended his spot in the group when he defeated Edge in a lumberjack match, after an interference from Kane.
Orton defeated Barrett at Survivor Series to keep his WWE Championship.
Cena was later fired from the WWE and left Nexus.
Even though Cena was fired, he kept showing up on Raw where he interfered in matches and attacked them backstage.
Cena caused Slater and Gabriel to lose their Tag Team Champions to Santino Marella and Vladimir Kozlov after he interfered in their Fatal 4-Way tag team elimination match.
Cena said later in the night that his attacks on Barrett would continue but attacks on the rest of the members of Nexus may stop eventually.
Nexus threatened to kick out Barrett if he did not get Cena rehired.
Barrett rehired Cena and faced him in a Chairs match at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs.
Cena defeated Barrett after he attacked the other members of Nexus throughout the PPV.
Nexus announced that it was under "new management" and CM Punk later revealed that he was that new leader after Barrett was kicked out of Nexus for losing his match against Randy Orton and Sheamus.
After CM Punk ordered Slater and Gabriel to hit each other with kendo swords for initiation, they refused and left Nexus to join Barrett and Ezekiel Jackson on SmackDown as The Corre.
Mason Ryan joined Nexus after he interfered in a match between Punk and Cena.
The feud between Cena and Nexus ended when Cena eliminated the members of Nexus in the Royal Rumble except Husky Harris who was eliminated by The Great Khali.
Nexus cost Randy Orton his WWE Championship at the Royal Rumble and Orton would punt Harris in the skull on the following Raw after Harris and McGillicutty failed to win the Tag Team Championship from Santino Marella and Vladimir Kozlov.
Orton would punt each member of Nexus over the weeks and removed them from in ring action.
Orton was unable to punt Punk in the head after their match at WrestleMania XXVII which left Punk as the only active member of Nexus.
The rest of the members of Nexus returned and cost Orton a shot at the WWE Championship.
Orton was drafted to SmackDown during the WWE Draft and defeated Punk at Extreme Rules which ended the feud between Orton and Nexus.
Ryan later left the group because of an injury.
Nexus quietly disbanded on August 22, 2011.
450° splash – Gabriel
Skip-line (Running lariat) – Sheffield
Sweetness (Jumping Russian legsweep) – Slater
Tarver's Lightning (Reverse thrown scoop powerslam) – Tarver
The Verdict (Thrust spinebuster) – Otunga
The Wasteland (Fireman's carry slam) – Barrett
Heat Wave - Young
Guillotine choke - Bryan
House of Pain - Ryan
Running senton - Harris
McGillicutter - McGillicutty
Attitude Adjustment & STF - Cena
Go to Sleep & Anaconda Vise - Punk
"We Are One" by 12 Stones
"This Fire Burns" by Killswitch Engage
"Death Blow" by VideoHelper Music
"All About the Power" by S–Preme
2010 establishments
2011 disestablishments
The British Film Institute is a charity which helps to promote movies.
They call them films rather than movies.
It runs several cinemas including the IMAX, in London.
It also runs the annual London Film Festival, which has movies, and the Lesbian and Gay Film Festival, which also has movies.
The BFI has a large archive with more than 50,000 fiction movies (though they call them films), over 100,000 non-fiction titles and around 625,000 television programmes.
His brother Akihiro Endo is also a former footballer.
Endo was born in Kagoshima on January 28, 1980.
After graduating from Kagoshima Jitsugyo High School, he joined J1 League club Yokohama Flügels in 1998.
In March, he debuted against Yokohama Marinos in opening game in 1998 season.
He played many matches as central midfielder in 1998 season.
The club won the champions in 1998 Emperor's Cup.
However the club was disbanded end of 1998 season due to financial strain.
In 1999, he moved to Kyoto Purple Sanga with contemporaries Kazuki Teshima, Hideo Oshima and so on.
He became a regular player and played many matches.
In 2001, Endo move to J1 club Gamba Osaka.
He played as central player for the club for long time under manager Akira Nishino (2002–2011).
He was also selected J.League Best Eleven for 10 years in a row (2003-2012).
Endo was selected "Japanese Footballer of the Year".
Endo was selected "Asian Footballer of the Year".
Gamba won the champions in 2013 season and returned to J1 in a year.
In 2014 season, Gamba won all three major title in Japan, J1 League, J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup.