the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The company features some of the most iconic and well-known superheroes including Spider-Man, Captain America, Iron Man, Deadpool, Thor, Wolverine, Hercules, the Hulk, She-Hulk, Hawkeye, the Falcon, the Winter Soldier, Namor the Sub-Mariner, Ms. Marvel, the Scarlet Witch, the Vision, Ant-Man, the Wasp, Ghost Rider, Black Panther, Black Widow, Captain Marvel, Doctor Strange, Howard the Duck, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, Luke Cage, Miles Morales, Nick Fury, Silver Surfer, Shang-Chi, the Punisher, Blade, Daredevil, and Elektra.
Its teams such as the Avengers, the Fantastic Four, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the S.H.I.E.L.D., and the X-Men are very popular.
The universe also has many well-known supervillains including Green Goblin, Doctor Doom, Doctor Octopus, Ultron, Venom, Thanos, Galactus, Loki, Kang the Conqueror, Magneto, Red Hulk, Kingpin, Kraven the Hunter, Red Skull, the Mandarin, MODOK, Dormammu, Mystique, and Apocalypse.
The majority of its publications takes place within the fictional Marvel Universe (MU), with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City.
Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies.
This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015.
Marvel used to be a company called Timely Comics in the 1940s and then Atlas Comics in the 1950s.
The first comic submitted with the name "Marvel Comics" was The Fantastic Four #1 in November, 1961.
The precursor to Marvel Comics was created in 1939 by magazine creator Martin Goodman.
In order to capitalize on the growing popularity of comic books—especially those starring superheroes—Goodman created Timely Comics.
Timely’s first comic book was Marvel Comics no.
1 (cover dated October 1939), which featured several superhero characters, most notably the Human Torch and the Sub-Mariner.
Timely Comics introduced many superhero characters during comics’ “Golden Age” in the 1940s, most importantly Captain America, who first appeared in Captain America Comics no.
1 (March 1941).
Timely characters were often portrayed as fighting against the Nazis and the Japanese even before the United States entered World War II.
As the 1940s came to a close, superheroes fell out of vogue with comic book readers, and Timely canceled the last of its books in this genre in 1950.
In 1951, Goodman formed his own distribution company, and Timely Comics became Atlas Magazines.
Though there was a brief experiment in bringing back superheroes such as Captain America in 1953, Atlas’s output was mostly in other genres such as humour, westerns, horror, war, and science fiction.
In 1956, rival company DC Comics ushered in the so-called Silver Age of comics by reintroducing superhero titles with significant commercial success.
In the early 1960s Atlas changed its name to Marvel Comics.
For several decades Marvel and DC were the top companies in the industry.
Throughout the 1980s and ’90s Marvel changed hands numerous times, becoming a publicly held company in 1991.
Questionable management decisions and a general slump in sales in the comic book industry drove Marvel Comics into bankruptcy in 1996.
The company emerged from bankruptcy in 1998 and began to diversify its output, launching imprints aimed at a variety of demographics and expanding its cinematic offerings under the Marvel Studios banner.
In 2007, Marvel began creating digital comics.
In 2009, the Walt Disney Company purchased the owner company of Marvel Comics.
The shared storytelling palette known as the Marvel Universe was unveiled in 1961, when Goodman responded to the growing interest in superhero books by commissioning writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby to create the Fantastic Four.
With the release of Fantastic Four no.
1 (November 1961), readers were introduced to a super heroic setting that was, nevertheless, rooted in the real world.
Lee and Kirby tried to make their comic book characters more original by allowing them to interact with each other in a realistic fashion, including heroes often fighting or arguing with each other.
This trend continued with a flood of other superhero characters introduced by Marvel Comics during the early 1960s, including Spider-Man, the Incredible Hulk, the X-Men and the Fantastic Four.
Lee wrote the majority of Marvel’s books during that time, and Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko were the most important and influential artists.
This more realistic approach to characterizations built up Marvel’s reputation and began to attract university-age readers.
Stories also began to deal with social issues such as pollution, race relations, and drug abuse.
A Spider-Man story arc from 1971 dealing with drug abuse had to be submitted without the approval of the Comic Code Authority—the self-regulatory body that had policed comic content since 1954—despite the fact that it was portraying drug use in a negative light.
This caused the Comic Code Authority to revise its policy in such matters.
The late 1960s and early 1970s saw a new generation of creative talent emerge at Marvel.
In 1967 Jim Steranko began to write and draw stories featuring secret agent Nick Fury in the anthology book Strange Tales.
Steranko was influenced in his work by James Bond films and the psychedelic and Op art movements, and the resulting stories melded groundbreaking visuals with equally innovative storytelling techniques.
Writer Chris Claremont and artist John Byrne began a long collaboration on The Uncanny X-Men in 1975.
The pair revitalized the flagging series with characters such as Wolverine and complex story arcs that soon made the X-Men franchise one of Marvel’s best sellers.
In 1985, Mark Gruenwald started a people acclaimed 10-year run as the writer of Captain America.
That same year he also began the miniseries Squadron Supreme (1985–86), a deconstructionist take on superheroes that preceded Alan Moore’s graphic novel Watchmen, submitted by DC Comics.
The 1980s also saw Frank Miller’s stint on Daredevil, which took that book in a darker and grittier direction, reviving sagging sales and making it one of Marvel’s best sellers.
In 1988, Todd MacFarlane began a popular run as artist on The Amazing Spider-Man.
Four years later MacFarlane and a number of other popular artists, including Jim Lee, Erik Larsen, and Rob Liefeld, left Marvel to found rival Image Comics, a company that allowed creators to retain the copyrights of their characters.
During the 1990s and early 2000s, a new wave of writers, including Brian Michael Bendis (Daredevil, The Avengers), Jonathan Hickman (Fantastic Four), and Ed Brubaker (Captain America), became well known for their mature and sometimes controversial takes on Marvel’s characters.
The 2010s saw the emergence of another new wave of talent, with writer Matt Fraction and artist David Aja turning in a visually arresting run on Hawkeye, longtime Spider-Man writer Dan Slott teaming with artist Mike Allred for a bold take on a classic character in Silver Surfer, and writer G. Willow Wilson and artist Adrian Alphona breaking new ground with their people acclaimed Ms. Marvel.
Marvel Comics series
Marvel Comics the most original highest-grossing and longest-running series includes Spider-Man, Hulk, X-Men, Fantastic Four and Marvel characters.
Amazing Fantasy
The X-Men
Marvel Characters
In the 21st century, Marvel’s profits were increasingly derived from toys, video games, and other merchandise featuring their most popular characters and from the production of a string of commercially successful movies.
Those films differed from prior efforts to translate comics to the big screen in that they were set in a single shared world.
That ambitious plan generated huge dividends with The Avengers (2012), a film that featured Iron Man, Thor, and Captain America—three heroes that had scored individual blockbuster successes—and grossed more than $1.5 billion worldwide.
The Marvel Cinematic Universe, as it came to be known, grew into one of the most lucrative franchises in film history.
Its success spawned a wave of television programs, beginning with Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013–2020) on ABC and continuing with Daredevil (2015–18), Jessica Jones (2015–2019), and Luke Cage (2016–18), a string of people-lauded series that appeared on Netflix.
In 2015 an agreement between Disney and Sony brought Spider-Man (who had previously appeared only in Sony-produced films) into the shared universe; the character would subsequently be available for use by both studios.
Marvel Studios, the company’s film and television division, continued to set records with its flagship Avengers, but it also packed theatres with relatively unknown heroes such as the Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Ant-Man (2015), and Doctor Strange (2016).
By 2016 more than a dozen films had been released under the banner of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and the franchise’s cumulative global box office receipts had topped $10 billion.
In the McGraw-Hill Building, where it originated as Timely Comics in 1939.
In suite 1401 of the Empire State Building.
At 635 Madison Avenue (the actual location, though the comic books' indicia listed the owner creating-company's address of 625 Madison Ave.)
575 Madison Avenue.
387 Park Avenue South.
10 East 40th Street.
417 Fifth Avenue.
A 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m2) space at 135 W. 50th Street.
Disney companies
Lincoln is the capital city of Nebraska, United States.
The City of Lincoln Only Omaha has more people of any city in Nebraska.
Lincoln is also the county seat of Lancaster County and the home of the University of Nebraska.
Lincoln's 2010 Census population was 258,379.
Lincoln was founded in 1856 as the village of Lancaster.
It became the county seat of the newly created Lancaster County in 1859.
The capital of Nebraska Territory had been Omaha since the start of the territory in 1854.
Most of the territory's population lived south of the Platte River.
After much of the territory south of the Platte became a part of Kansas, the legislature voted to move the capital south of the river and as far west as possible.
They made the village of Lancaster the new capital, in part due to the salt flats and marshes.
People from Omaha tried to stop the move by renaming Lancaster after the recently killed President Abraham Lincoln.
Many of the people south of the river had wanted the Confederate to win the recent Civil War.
These people thought that the legislature would not approve the move if the future capital were named after Lincoln.
The plan did not work, as Lancaster was renamed Lincoln and also became the state capital upon Nebraska's admission to the Union on March 1, 1867.
The people either liked or disliked the new name depending on how they felt about the Civil War.
Nebraska State Capitol was designed by Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue and constructed between 1922 and 1932.
The capitol building is a skyscraper topped by a golden dome.
The tower is crowned by a 6-meter (20 ft) statue of a farmer sowing grain on a pedestal of wheat and corn, to represent the state's agricultural heritage.
City zoning rules prevent any other building from rivaling it in height, making it a landmark not only within the city but for the surrounding area.
Inside, there are many paintings and iridescent murals showing Native American heritage and the history and culture of the early pioneers who settled Nebraska.
It is the second tallest U.S. State Capitol building behind the Louisiana State Capitol building in Baton Rouge.
Lincoln has a humid continental climate (Dfa in the Köppen climate classification).
County seats in Nebraska
1856 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nuclear fission is a kind of nuclear reaction.
It is when an atom splits apart into smaller atoms.
Some fission reactions give off a lot of energy, and are used in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors.
Nuclear fission was discovered in December 1938 by the German nuclear chemist Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann in Berlin.
An atom is the smallest particle which makes up a chemical element (e.g. hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium).
All atoms are very small.
Atoms are made of three components or particles: Protons, neutrons and electrons.
The protons and neutrons are clumped together in a ball called a nucleus, at the center of every atom.
The electrons orbit around the nucleus in its 'electron cloud'.
Elements which have large nuclei, such as uranium and plutonium, can be made to fission.
If a (relatively) very large atomic nucleus is hit by a slow-moving neutron, it will sometimes become unstable and break into two nuclei.
When the nucleus breaks apart (or fissions) it releases energy, mostly as gamma rays and heat.
It also causes some neutrons to be released from the nucleus.
For a few isotopes (an atom with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons) such fission can release many neutrons.
If those neutrons then hit other atoms, they will make the other atoms split.
This can happen again and again.
This is called a nuclear chain-reaction, and it can release huge amounts of energy very quickly.
The amount of energy released by a nuclear chain reaction is measured in kilotons.
One kiloton is the same as the energy of one thousand tons of TNT (trinitrotoluene).
In a nuclear bomb, this must happen very quickly to make a very big explosion.
In a nuclear reactor this must happen slowly to make heat.
The heat is used to boil water into steam, which turns a steam turbine to generate electricity.
Annotated bibliography for nuclear fission from the Alsos Digital Library
842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German languages respectively.
1009 – First documented mention of Lithuania
1014 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned.
1076 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
1349 - Several hundred Jews are burned to death by mobs while the remainder of their population are forced from the city of Strasbourg.
1556 - In England, Thomas Cranmer is declared a heretic.
He is later burned at the stake.
1648 - A storm flood affects the Holstein area of present-day Northern Germany.
1778 – The Flag of the United States is formally recognised by a foreign vessel for the first time.
1779 – James Cook is killed by Native Hawaiians.
1779 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Kettle Creek, Georgia.
1797 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent - The British Royal Navy defeats a Spanish fleet near Gibraltar.
1804 - Karadjordje leads the first Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.
1849 – In New York City James K. Polk becomes the first sitting US President to have his photograph taken.
1852 – The Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children in London is opened.
1853 – Mormon leader Brigham Young lays the foundation stone for the Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City, Utah.
1855 – Texas is linked by telegraph to the rest of the United States.
1859 – Oregon becomes the 33rd State of the US.
1876 – Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray both apply for a patent for the telephone.
1879 – The War of the Pacific begins when Chilean forces occupy the then-Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.
1899 - Voting machines are approved by the United States Congress for use on federal elections.
1900 - Second Boer War in South Africa: 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
1903 - The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is created.
It later splits into the United States Department of Commerce and the United States Department of Labor.
1908 - The world's first ski lift, invented by Robert Winterhalder, is opened in Schollach, Black Forest, Germany.
1912 – Arizona becomes the 48th State of the US.
1912 - The first diesel-powered submarine is commissioned.
1918 – The Soviet Union adopts the Gregorian calendar.
1919 – The Polish-Soviet War begins.
1920 - The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago.
1929 – St. Valentine's Day massacre: Seven people, gangster rivals of Al Capone, are shot dead in Chicago.
1932 – The football club FC Vaduz is founded in Liechtenstein.
1942 - World War II: The Battle of Pasir-Panyang contributes to the fall of Singapore.
1943 - World War II: Rostov-on-Don, Russia is liberated.
1944 - An anti-Japanese revolt occurs on Java.
1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised.
1946 – The ENIAC digital calculator is unveiled at the University of Pennsylvania.
1949 – The Knesset, Israeli parliament, meets for the first time.
1949 – The Asbestos Strike begins in Canada.
1952 – In Oslo, the Winter Olympics begin.
1956 - The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union begins in Moscow.
1961 – Element 103, Lawrencium, is synthesised at the University of California.
1962 – US First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy gives television viewers a tour of the White House.
1966 – Australian currency is decimalised.
1967 - The Treaty of Tlatelolco declares the Caribbean and Latin America a nuclear weapon-free zone, with Cuba becoming the last country to sign it in 2002.
1970 - The Who record the iconic live rock album Live at Leeds.
1972 – The Star of Sierra Leone becomes the third-largest diamond ever found.
1981 - Stardust Disaster: A fire in a Dublin nightclub kills 48 people.
1984 - 1984 Winter Olympics: In pairs figure skating, Jayne Torville and Christopher Dean of Great Britain win a historic gold medal, receiving perfect scores.
1989 – Ayatollah Khomeini issues a fatwa (death warrant) against the writer Salman Rushdie for his novel The Satanic Verses.
1990 – The Voyager 1 spacecraft takes a photograph of Earth from a distance of 6.4 billion kilometres.
1990 – 92 people are killed when Indian Airlines Flight 605 crashes at Bangalore, India.
1996 - A Chinese rocket, launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center, goes out of control and crashes into a nearby village, where an estimated 500 people are killed.
1998 – An oil tanker collides with a freight train in Yaounde, Cameroon.
2000 – The Spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker enters into orbit around asteroid 433 Eros.
2002 – Bahrain becomes a kingdom.
2004 – In Moscow, the roof of the Transvaal Water Park collapses, killing 25 people.
2005 – In the Philippines a series of bomb attacks in Manila, Davao City and General Santos City kills 7 people.
2005 - The Sunjawan Mine Explosion in Liaoning Province, China, kills 214 miners.
2005 – A car bomb in Beirut kills 23 people, including former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.
2005 - YouTube is founded by a group of college students.
2011 – As part of a series of uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East, protests begin in Bahrain.
2013 - South African model Reeva Steenkamp is shot dead by her then-partner, athlete Oscar Pistorius, who is found guilty of her manslaughter in 2014.
2014 - Prime Minister of Italy Enrico Letta submits his resignation to President Giorgio Napolitano.
2015 - 2015 Copenhagen attacks: A gunman attacks a free speech meeting at a café in Copenhagen that was attended by Swedish cartoonist Lars Vilks, killing one.
He later attacks the city's main synagogue, killing one and injuring two, before being shot dead by police early the following day.
2015 - Slovenia's Peter Prevc breaks the ski jumping world record, by jumping 250 metres in Vikersund, Norway.
2018 - Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting: 17 people are shot dead at a high school in Parkland, Southern Florida.
2018 - Jacob Zuma resigns as President of South Africa.
1404 – Leone Battista Alberti, Italian painter, poet, and philosopher (died 1472)
1468 – Johannes Werner, German mathematician (died 1522)
1483 – Zahir al-Din Mohammed Babur Shah, founder of the Moghul dynasty (died 1530)
1545 - Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara (died 1561)
1602 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (died 1676)
1679 - Georg Friedrich Kauffmann, German composer and organist (died 1735)
1680 – John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester, English privy councillor (died 1737)
1692 – Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée, French writer (died 1754)
1701 – Enrique Florez, Spanish historian (died 1773)
1763 – Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general (died 1813)
1766 – Thomas Malthus, English economist (died 1834)
1778 – Minh Mang, Emperor of Vietnam (died 1844)
1781 - Valentin Gomez Farias, Mexican politician (died 1858)
1799 - Walenty Wankowicz, Polish painter (died 1842)
1800 - Emory Washburn, 22nd Governor of Massachusetts (died 1877)
1802 - John White, American politician (died 1845)
1812 – Alfred Thomas Agate, American artist (d. 1846)
1812 – Christopher Latham Sholes, American inventor, publisher and politician (died 1890)
1813 - Alexander Dargomyzhsky, Russian composer (died 1869)
1824 – Winfield Scott Hancock, American general (died 1886)
1835 - Piet Paaltiens, Dutch poet and minister (died 1894)
1838 - Margaret E. Knight, American inventor (died 1914)
1839 - Hermann Hankel, German mathematician (died 1873)
1847 - Maria Pia of Savoy, of Portugal (died 1911)
1847 – Anna Howard Shaw, English-born American women's suffrage leader (died 1919)
1848 – Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (died 1934)
1855 – Vsevolod Garshin, Russian writer (died 1888)
1856 – Frank Harris, Irish writer and editor (died 1931)
1859 – George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., American engineer, inventor of the Ferris Wheel (died 1896)
1860 - Eugen Schiffer, German politician (died 1954)
1864 - Robert E. Park, American sociologist (died 1944)
1869 – Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1959)
1871 - Gerda Lundequist, Swedish actress (died 1959)
1878 - Koki Hirota, Prime Minister of Japan (died 1948)
1882 - John Barrymore, American actor (died 1942)
1884 - Nils Olof Chrisander, Swedish actor and movie director (died 1947)
1884 - Kostas Varnalis, Greek poet (died 1974)
1884 – Hezekiah M. Washburn, missionary (died 1972)
1885 - Syed Zafarul Hasan, Indian-born Pakistani philosopher (died 1949)
1890 – Nina Hamnett, Welsh artist (died 1956)
1891 - Katherine Stinson, American pilot (died 1977)
1892 - Radola Gajda, Czech commander and politician (died 1948)
1894 – Jack Benny, American actor and comedian (died 1974)
1895 – Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (died 1973)
1898 – Bill Tilman, English mountaineer and explorer (died 1977)
1898 – Fritz Zwicky, Swiss-American physicist and astronomer (died 1974)
1902 - Alexander Abusch, German journalist, writer and politician (died 1982)
1902 – Thelma Ritter, American actress (died 1969)
1903 – Stu Erwin, American actor (died 1967)
1907 - Sven Andersson, Swedish footballer (died 1981)
1907 – Johnny Longden, British-American jockey (died 2003)
1912 – Tibor Sekelj, Croatian explorer (died 1988)
1913 – Mel Allen, American sports reporter (died 1996)
1913 – Woody Hayes, American college football coach (died 1987)
1913 – Jimmy Hoffa, American labor union leader (disappeared 1975)
1916 – Masaki Kobayashi, Japanese director
1916 – Marcel Bigeard, French military officer (died 2010)
1916 – Edward Platt, American actor (died 1974)
1917 – Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (died 2011)
1920 - Albert Barillé, Polish-French television producer, screenwriter and cartoonist (d. 2009)
1921 – Hugh Downs, American game show host
1924 - Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma
1924 - Peg Murray, American actress and singer
1927 – Lois Maxwell, Canadian actress (died 2007)
1928 - Sergey Kapitsa, Russian scientist (died 2012)
1928 - William Allain, Governor of Mississippi (died 2013)
1929 – Vic Morrow, American actor (died 1982)
1931 - Newton de Sordi, Brazilian footballer (died 2013)
1931 – Brian Kelly, American actor (died 2005)
1931 - Margarita Lozano, Spanish actress
1932 – Alexander Kluge, German actor and movie director
1932 - Harriet Andersson, Swedish actress
1933 - Robert Shea, American author (died 1994)
1934 – Michel Corboz, Swiss conductor
1934 – Florence Henderson, American actress and singer (died 2016)
1934 - Herwig Wolfram, Austrian historian
1935 - David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, Scottish academic and diplomat, 27th Governor of Hong Kong
1935 - Krystyna Sienkiewicz, Polish actress and singer (died 2017)
1936 – Fanne Foxe, Argentine dancer
1936 – Andrew Prine, American actor
1939 - Eugene Fama, American economist
1939 - Blowfly, American musician, singer and songwriter (died 2016)
1940 - Mary Rand, British athlete
1941 – Donna Shalala, American politician, educator
1941 – Paul Tsongas, U.S. Senator (died 1997)
1942 - Piotr Szczepanik, Polish singer
1942 – Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City
1943 - Ischa Meijer, Dutch journalist, writer, actor and television presenter (died 1995)
1943 – Maceo Parker, American musician (P-Funk)
1944 – Carl Bernstein, American journalist
1944 – Alan Parker, British movie director and writer
1944 - Ronnie Peterson, Swedish racing driver (died 1987)
1945 – Frank Welker, American actor
1945 – Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
1945 - Ladislao Mazurkiewicz, Uruguayan footballer (died 2013)
1946 – Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (died 2003)
1946 - Ainsley Gotto, Australian political staffer and interior designer (died 2018)
1946 – Gregory Hines, American dancer and actor (died 2003)
1947 – Judd Gregg, American politician, former Governor of New Hampshire
1947 - Tim Buckley, American singer-songwriter (died 1975)
1947 - Heide Rosendahl, German athlete
1948 – Pat O'Brien, American sportscaster and television host
1948 – Teller, American magician (Penn and Teller)
1951 – Kevin Keegan, English footballer
1951 - JoJo Starbuck, American ice skater
1952 - Sushma Swaraj, Indian politician
1953 – Hans Krankl, Austrian footballer
1953 - Sergey Mironov, Russian politician
1956 - Howard Davis, Jr., American boxer (died 2015)
1959 – Renée Fleming, American soprano
1960 – Jim Kelly, American football player
1960 – Meg Tilly, Canadian actress
1962 – Josef Hader, Austrian comedian and actor
1962 – Kevyn Aucoin, American cosmetologist
1963 - Philippe Sella, French rugby player
1963 – Enrico Colantoni, Canadian actor
1963 – Zach Galligan, American actor
1963 – Guildo Horn, German singer
1966 – Petr Svoboda, Czech ice hockey player
1967 – Manuela Maleeva, Bulgarian tennis player
1967 – Mark Rutte, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
1967 – Stelios Haji-Ioannou, Cypriot-British airline entrepreneur
1968 – Jules Asner, American model and television personality
1968 - Latifa, Tunisian singer
1968 - Scott McClellan, 25th White House Press Secretary
1970 – Simon Pegg, English comedian, writer, and actor
1970 - Giuseppe Guerini, Italian cyclist
1971 – Noriko Sakai, Japanese singer
1971 - Kris Aquino, Filipina television host, actress and model
1971 - Nelson Frazier, Jr., American professional wrestler (d. 2014)
1972 - Hiroshi, Japanese comedian
1972 – Drew Bledsoe, American football player
1972 - Jann Tallinn, Estonian programmer and physicist
1972 – Rob Thomas, American musician (matchbox twenty)
1973 - Yuka Sato, Japanese figure skater
1973 – Deena Kastor, American marathon runner
1973 – Steve McNair, American football player (died in 2009)
1974 - Filippa Giordano, Italian singer
1974 - Valentina Vezzali, Italian fencer and politician
1975 - Xie Hui, Chinese footballer
1977 – Cadel Evans, cyclist, first Australian Tour de France winner
1977 - Darren Bennett, English dancer
1978 - Dean Gaffney, English actor
1978 – Richard Hamilton, American basketball player
1979 – Antonio Chatman, American football player
1980 – Fatima Leyva, Mexican footballer
1981 - Brad Halsey, American baseball player (d. 2014)
1982 – Matteo Brighi, Italian footballer
1983 – Bacary Sagna, French footballer
1984 – Hamed Namouchi, Tunisian footballer
1985 - Lee Hae-ri, South Korean singer and actress
1985 – Philippe Senderos, Swiss footballer
1986 - Tiffany Thornton, American actress
1987 – Edinson Cavani, Uruguayan footballer
1987 - Yulia Savicheva, Russian singer
1988 - Angel Di Maria, Argentine footballer
1988 – Asia Nitollano, American dancer and reality show contestant
1989 - Adam Matuszczak, Polish footballer
1989 - Emma Miskew, Canadian curler
1989 - Brandon Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player
1989 - Kristian Thomas, English gymnast
1990 - Brett Dier, Canadian actor
1992 - Christian Eriksen, Danish footballer
1992 – Freddie Highmore, British actor
1993 - Shane Harper, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor
1994 – Paul Butcher, American actor
1995 - Nikita Tregubov, Russian skeleton bobsledder
1997 - Breel Embolo, Cameroonian-Swiss footballer
270 – Saint Valentine
869 - Saint Cyril, Greek monk, scholar, theologian and linguist (b. 827)
1229 - Ragnvald Godredson, King of the Isles
1317 - Margaret of France, Queen of England (b. 1282)
1400 – King Richard II of England (b. 1367)
1405 – Timur, Mongol ruler (b. 1336)
1714 – Maria Luisa of Savoy, Queen Consort of Spain (b. 1688)
1737 - Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot of Hensol, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1685)
1779 – James Cook, British naval officer and explorer (b. 1728)
1782 – Singu Min, King of Burma (b. 1756)
1808 - John Dickinson, Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania (b. 1732)
1831 - Vicente Guerrero, Mexican revolutionary hero (b. 1782)
1831 - Henry Maudslay, English inventor (b. 1771)
1834 - John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth, British politician (b. 1751)
1881 - Fernando Wood, Mayor of New York City (b. 1812)
1884 - Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt, wife of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1861)
1891 – William Tecumseh Sherman, American general (b. 1820)
1894 - Eugene Charles Catalan, Belgian mathematician (b. 1814)
1901 - Edward Stafford, 3rd Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1819)
1910 - Giovanni Passannante, Italian anarchist (b. 1849)
1922 - Heikki Ritavuori, Finnish politician (b. 1880)
1929 - Thomas Burke, American sprinter (b. 1875)
1929 - Frank Gusenberg, American gangster (b. 1892)
1929 - Peter Gusenberg, American gangster (b. 1899)
1930 - Thomas Mackenzie, Scottish-New Zealand politician, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1853)
1938 – Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian politician (b. 1869)
1943 - Dora Gerson, German actress, cabaret singer and Holocaust victim (b. 1899)
1943 – David Hilbert, German mathematician (b. 1862)
1948 - Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (b. 1876)
1958 - Abdur Rab Nishtar, Pakistani politician (b. 1899)
1959 - Baby Dodds, American jazz drummer (b. 1898)
1967 - Sig Ruman, German-American actor (b. 1884)
1969 – Vito Genovese, American gangster (b. 1897)
1975 - Julian Huxley, English biologist (b. 1887)
1975 – P. G. Wodehouse, English writer (b. 1881)
1980 - Rudra Baruah, Indian singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
1983 – Lina Radke, German athlete (b. 1903)
1988 - Frederick Loewe, Austrian-American composer (b. 1901)
1989 – Albert Hawke, Australian politician (b. 1900)
1994 – Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (b. 1936)
1995 – U Nu, Burmese politician (b. 1907)
1995 - Ischa Meijer, Dutch journalist, writer, actor and television presenter (b. 1943)
1996 – Bob Paisley, English football manager (b. 1919)
1996 – McLean Stevenson, American actor (b. 1929)
1999 - John Ehrlichman, American politician (b. 1925)
1999 - Buddy Knox, American singer-songwriter (b. 1933)
2002 – Nandor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (b. 1922)
2003 – Dolly the Sheep, cloned mammal (b. 1996)
2003 – Johnny Longden, British-American jockey (b. 1907)
2004 – Marco Pantani, Italian cyclist (b. 1970)
2005 – Rafik Hariri, Lebanese businessman and politician (b. 1944)
2010 – Dick Francis, British jockey and writer (b. 1920)
2011 – George Shearing, English-born American jazz pianist (b. 1919)
2013 - Reeva Steenkamp, South African model (b. 1983)
2013 - Ronald Dworkin, American philosopher (b. 1931)
2014 - Remo Capitani, Italian actor (b. 1927)
2014 - James Condon, Australian actor (b. 1923)
2014 - Tom Finney, English footballer (b. 1922)
2014 - Bob L. Harris, American actor (b. 1922)
2014 - Ferry Hoogendijk, Dutch political scientist (b. 1933)
2014 - Ken Jones, English actor (b. 1930)
2014 - Mike Stepovich, American politician, last-surviving territorial Governor in the US (in Alaska) (b. 1919)
2014 - Edward J. Walsh, American journalist (b. 1942)
2015 - Wim Ruska, Dutch judoka (b. 1940)
2015 - Michele Ferrero, Italian businessman (b. 1925)
2015 - Louis Jourdan, French actor (b. 1921)
2015 - Philip Levine, American poet (b. 1928)
2015 - Pamela Cundell, English actress (b. 1920)
2015 - Franjo Mihalic, Serbian runner (b. 1920)
2016 - Muriel Casals i Couturier, Spanish economist (b. 1945)
2016 - Ali Brownlee, English radio sports broadcaster (b. 1959)
2016 - Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury, English politician (b. 1928)
2016 - Wieslaw Rudkowski, Polish boxer (b. 1946)
2017 - Hans Trass, Estonian botanist (b. 1928)
2017 - Cipriano Chemello, Italian cyclist (b. 1945)
2017 - Siegfried Herrmann, German long-distance runner (b. 1932)
2017 - Elisabeth Lichtenberger, Austrian geographer (b. 1925)
2018 - Lerone Bennett Jr., American scholar, author and editor (b. 1928)
2018 - Don Carter, American businessman (b. 1935)
2018 - Antoni Krauze, Polish screenwriter and director (b. 1940)
2018 - Ruud Lubbers, former Prime minister of the Netherlands (b. 1939)
2018 - Morgan Tsvangirai, Zimbabwean politician, opposition leader and 2nd Prime minister of Zimbabwe (b. 1952)
Statehood Day in Arizona and Oregon
Aer, music, theatre, literature
Edwin S. Porter's The Great Train Robbery is released.
December 17 – Orville Wright of the Wright brothers flies an airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
Abeerden Football Club founded in Scotland.
Date unknown – Cigerxwîn, Kurdish polymath
May 3 – Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (d. 1977)
June 19 – Lou Gehrig, baseball player (d. 1941)
June 21 – Al Hirschfeld, American caricaturist (d. 2003)
June 25 – George Orwell, English writer (d. 1950)
July 2 – Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
May 8 – Paul Gauguin, French painter
The Fantastic Four is a team of superheroes.
The team originally first appeared  in a series of comic books created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.
It was published by Marvel Comics starting in 1961.
They also appeared in several cartoons and films as well.
The members of the group are scientist Reed Richards, his girlfriend/wife Sue Storm, her teenage brother Johnny Storm, and Ben Grimm, a friend of them.
While test flying a rocket ship, they are affected by cosmic rays, and gain superpowers.
Richards becomes "Mr. Fantastic" who can stretch his limbs and body for long distances and sizes.
Sue became the "Invisible Girl/Woman" who could make herself invisible, create force fields, and other things.
Johnny transformed into the "Human Torch" who can become a giant ball of fire.
Ben turned into a rock-like creature with super-strength, called "The Thing".
Robert William "Bob" Barker (born December 12, 1923) is an American retired television game show host and animal rights activist.
He is best known for hosting CBS's  The Price is Right from 1972 to 2007 and for hosting Truth or Consequences from 1956 to 1974.
Barker was born Robert William Barker on December 12, 1923 in Darrington, Washington.
He is of Sioux descent.
Barker studied at Drury College.
Barker started hosting Truth or Consequences on December 31, 1956 and continued with the program until 1974.
On December 4, 1957, Barker began hosting a new Ralph Edwards creation, the short-lived End of the Rainbow for NBC.
In 1967, Barker hosted the short-lived game show The Family Game.
In 1971, Barker began creating a TV pilot for a game show called Simon Says.
In 1980, Barker hosted a series called That's My Line for Goodson-Todman.
It was cancelled in September 1981.
On September 4, 1972, Barker began hosting the CBS revival of The Price Is Right.
On October 15, 1987, Barker did what other MCs almost never did: renounced hair dye and allowed his hair to turn gray.
In 2006, The Price Is Right marked its 35th consecutive year on the air.
It is the longest-running game show of all time in North America, and at the time was the last surviving show in the daytime game show genre.
On October 31, 2006, Barker made his announcement that he would retire from The Price Is Right in June 2007.
He taped his final episode on June 6, 2007, with the show airing twice on June 15.
He was also seen acting as himself in the 1996 Adam Sandler comedy movie Happy Gilmore.
He is the winner of nineteen Daytime Emmy Awards.
Barker won the MTV Award for Best Fight with Adam Sandler for his fight scene in Happy Gilmore.
Barker married Dorothy Jo Gideon in 1945.
Barker lives in Los Angeles, California.
Despite retiring from television, Barker is an active animal rights activist.
In 1993, Dian Parkinson sued Barker for sexual harassment.
She asked for $8 million during the lawsuit.
The lawsuit was dropped in 1995.
Barker is a skin cancer survivor.
On September 17, 2010, Barker collapsed at an L.A. shooting range.
He was treated at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center for an adverse drug reaction and released.
Bob Barker at Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
1923 births
American game show hosts
Entertainers from Washington
Connect Four is a simple game.
To win, players must put four of the same color markers in the yellow square so that they touch.
The Nintendo DS (also known as DS, NDS, or the DS Phat) is a handheld system from Nintendo.
Development began in mid-2002 and it was released in 2004/2005.
It has a successor called the Nintendo 3DS, the very first 3D handheld, which also plays DS games.
The DS is a small, nearly pocket-size fold-up machine that lets people play video games.
The games are stored on small cartridges which are like memory card chips from digital cameras.
Some games, such as Super Mario 64 DS, were released on the same day as the original DS.
For most of Nintendo's systems, there have been no load times, except for the GameCube and Wii.
With the DS, a level in the game loads up quickly, just like with Game Boy games.
This is because cartridges can be read a lot quicker than DVDs.
The DS also has many new features.
It has a new surround sound system.
The DS (as well as the DS Lite) also has backwards compatibility with the Game Boy Advance (only single-player mode).
However, the DS and DS Lite are incapable of playing the Game Boy or Game Boy Color games.
The DS features a touch screen, a screen often used for extra gameplay (like a PDA).
The DS packaging comes with two styluses.
The Nintendo DS is one of the rivals of Sony's PlayStation Portable.
However, both Nintendo and Sony state that their products were aimed at different people, so there is "technically" no competition.
The DS has currently sold more units than the PSP has.
In 2011, the DS briefly held the record for best-selling game console overall.
Handheld revisions
Nintendo later developed and newer variation of the Nintendo DS, known as the Nintendo DS Lite.
It was first announced on January 26, 2006 and released on March 2, 2006 in Japan, on June 1, 2006 in Australia, on June 11, 2006 in North America, on June 23, 2006 in Europe, and on January 18, 2007 in South Korea.
The DS Lite is compatible with the same games.
It is smaller, lighter, and brighter and features a backlit screen.
Because of its design, the Game Boy Advance games stick out in Slot 2.
The second slot also features a cover for players to when not in use.
The DS Lite is sold in white, black, pink, blue, red, and silver.
This console even has colors such as metallic rose, metallic silver, and black with white.
On October 2, 2008, Nintendo announced a third model titled the Nintendo DSi.
It was released in Japan in 2008 and in 2009/2010 worldwide.
It is bigger, thinner, and brighter than the DS Lite and the Game Boy Advance slot was removed (in place of an SD Card), which caused a lot of disappointment when it came out.
Development of the DSi began in late 2006, shortly after the release of the DS Lite.
A year later, Nintendo announced a fourth and final model in the DS family called the Nintendo DSi XL (called Nintendo DSi LL in Japan).
Announced on October 29, 2009, it was released in Japan in 2009 and in 2010 worldwide.
It is a larger version of the DSi and the biggest, heaviest, widest, and brightest of the four models.
Like the DSi, the Game Boy Advance slot was removed.
Best-selling games
Some of the DS'''s best-selling games are Nintendogs, Super Mario 64 DS, Mario Kart DS, New Super Mario Bros., Brain Age, Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, and Advance Wars: Dual Strike.
There are many accessories for the Nintendo DS, including different coloured styluses and protective cases.
Some protective cases include the highly durable Nerf cases.
Most DS systems have a screen protector and a car adapter, used to charge the DS in a car.
In total, the DS'' family has sold 154.9 million units as of July 15, 2021, making it the best-selling handheld of all time, the best-selling Nintendo console, and overall, the second best-selling system behind the PlayStation 2.
It has currently beat the record of its sibling console (The Game Boy/Game Boy Color), which has sold 118.69 million.
Nintendo video game consoles
Handheld video games
Nigel James Dermot "Sam" Neill (born 14 September 1947 in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland) is a New Zealand actor.
He has been in lots of movies.
Neill has been in Jurassic Park, Dead Calm, Event Horizon, Sirens and lots of other very famous movies.
In recent years, he appeared in Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and Peter Rabbit (2018).
Neill was born on 14 September 1947 in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland to a New Zealander father and English mother.
He moved to New Zealand in 1954.
He studied at Christ's College, Canterbury and at University of Canterbury.
Neill was married to Lisa Harrow until they divorced in 1989.
Then he was married to Noriko Watanabe.
Neill has New Zealand and Irish citizenships.
Two Paddocks official website
Actors from Northern Ireland
Irish movie actors
Irish stage actors
Irish television actors
Irish voice actors
New Zealand movie actors
New Zealand stage actors
New Zealand television actors
New Zealand voice actors
People from South Island
1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula, leaves up to 20,000 dead.
1229 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade.
1241 – First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city.
1314 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and final Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake.
1438 – Albert II of Habsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
1608 – Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.
1644 – The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia.
1741 – New York governor George Clarke's complex at Fort George is burned in an arson attack, starting the New York Conspiracy of 1741.
1766 – American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act.
1793 – The first modern republic in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.
1793 – Flanders Campaign of the French Revolution, Battle of Neerwinden.
1834 – Six farm labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorset, England are sentenced to be transported to Australia for forming a trade union.
1848 – March Revolution: In Berlin there is a struggle between citizens and military, costing about 300 lives.
1850 – American Express is founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo.
1865 – American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.
1871 – Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic, Adolphe Thiers, orders the evacuation of Paris.
1874 – Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trade rights.
1892 – Former Governor General Lord Stanley pledges to donate a silver challenge cup as an award for the best hockey team in Canada; it was later named after him as the Stanley Cup.
1901 – 1950
1902 – Macario Sakay issues Presidential Order No.
1 of his Tagalog Republic.
1913 – King George I of Greece is assassinated in the recently liberated city of Thessaloniki.
1915 – World War I: During the Battle of Gallipoli, three battleships are sunk during a failed British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles.
1921 – The second Peace of Riga is signed between Poland and the Soviet Union.
1922 – In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience, of which he serves only two.
1925 – The Tri-State Tornado hits the Midwestern states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing 695 people.
1937 – The New London School explosion in New London, Texas, kills 300 people, mostly children.
1937   – Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Guadalajara.
1938 – Mexico creates Pemex by expropriating all foreign-owned oil reserves and facilities.
1940 – World War II: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.
1942 – The War Relocation Authority is established in the United States to take Japanese Americans into custody.
1944 – Mount Vesuvius in Naples, Italy erupts killing 26 people and causing thousands to leave their homes.
1948 – Soviet consultants leave Yugoslavia in the first sign of the Tito–Stalin Split.
1951 – 1975
1953 – An earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 265 people.
1959 – The Hawaii Admission Act is signed into law.
1962 – The Évian Accords end the Algerian War of Independence, which had begun in 1954.
1965 – Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.
1967 – The supertanker  runs aground off the Cornish coast.
1968 – Gold standard: The United States Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back US currency.
1969 – Operation Menu: The United States begins secretly bombing the Sihanouk Trail in Cambodia, used by communist forces to get into South Vietnam.
1970 – Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
1971 – Peru: a landslide crashes into Yanawayin Lake, killing 200 people at the mining camp of Chungar.
1980 – 1980 Plesetsk launch pad disaster: A Vostok-2M rocket at Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 explodes during a fueling operation, killing 48 people.
1990 – Germans in the German Democratic Republic vote in the first democratic elections in the former communist dictatorship.
1990   – In the largest art theft in United States history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $500 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston.
1994 – Bosnia's Bosniaks and Croats sign the Washington Agreement, ending war between the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1996 – Ozone Disco Club fire: A nightclub fire in Quezon City, Philippines kills 162 people.
1997 – The tail of a Russian Antonov An-24 charter plane breaks off while en route to Turkey causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 people on board.
2012 – Joachim Gauck becomes President of Germany.
2014 – The parliaments of Russia and Crimea sign an accession treaty.
2015 – The Bardo National Museum in Tunisia is attacked by gunmen.
23 people, almost all tourists, are killed, and at least 50 other people are wounded.
2018 – Vladimir Putin is re-elected as President of Russia.
2019 – Three people are killed in a shooting on a tram in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
1075 – Al-Zamakhshari, Persian scholar and theologian (d. 1144)
1395 – John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, English military commander (d. 1447)
1495 – Mary Tudor, Queen of France (d. 1533)
1548 – Cornelis Ketel, Dutch painter (d. 1616)
1552 – Polykarp Leyser the Elder, German theologian (d. 1610)
1555 – Francis, Duke of Anjou (d. 1584)
1578 – Adam Elsheimer, German painter (d. 1610)
1590 – Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (d. 1649)
1597 – Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, French religious leader, founded the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal (d. 1659)
1603   – Simon Bradstreet, English colonial magistrate (d. 1697)
1609 – Frederick III of Denmark (d. 1670)
1634 – Madame de La Fayette, French author (d. 1693)
1640 – Philippe de La Hire, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1719)
1657 – Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni, Italian organist and composer (d. 1743)
1690 – Christian Goldbach, Prussian-German mathematician and academic (d. 1764)
1701 – Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish businessman and philanthropist, co-founded the Swedish East India Company (d. 1776)
1733 – Christoph Friedrich Nicolai, German author and bookseller (d. 1811)
1780 – Miloš Obrenović, Serbian prince (d. 1860)
1782 – John C. Calhoun, American lawyer and politician, 7th Vice President of the United States (d. 1850)
1789 – Charlotte Elliott, English poet, hymn writer, editor (d. 1871)
1798 – Francis Lieber, German-American jurist and philosopher (d. 1872)
1801 – 1850
1813 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright (d. 1864)