the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
When suicide is the goal, they usually attempt suicide with the belief that others will be better off without them.
Both suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury are a response to feeling negative emotions.
Interpersonal relationships
People with BPD can be very sensitive to the way others treat them.
They can feel very happy and grateful when they feel someone has been nice to them, and very sad or angry when they feel someone has been hurtful to them.
Their feelings about others often switch from positive to negative if they feel like they might lose someone, if they think someone important to them does not care about them, or if something is not as good as they expected.
They think in extremes, seeing things or people as "all good" or "all bad".
This is sometimes called black-and-white thinking.
It includes a change from admiring someone to devaluing them, often feeling pure anger or dislike.
The way they see themselves can also change quickly from positive to negative.
While strongly wanting to feel closeness, people with BPD tend to be anxious, have mixed feelings, or be paranoid when it comes to their relationships.
They often view the world as dangerous and bad.
BPD is linked to high levels of stress and conflict in romantic relationships, abuse, and unwanted pregnancy.
These things are also common with other types of personality disorders.
Sense of self
People with BPD tend to have trouble seeing a clear picture of their identity.
It is difficult for them to know what they value and love.
They often do not know about their long-term goals for relationships and jobs.
They often have trouble making decisions and can change their minds quickly.
These difficulties can cause people with BPD to feel "empty" and "lost".
Cognitions
People with BPD are easily bored and it is hard for them to concentrate.
People with BPD may tend to disconnect or "dissociate" from people and things around them, which can be thought of as an intense form of "zoning out".
This often happens in response to a painful event, or something that triggers the memory of a painful event.
This can give make the person feel better for a short time, it can also have the unwanted side effect of blocking ordinary feelings.
This has the result of keeping people with BPD from learning how to handle these feelings, and can make it difficult for them to make positive choices when they feel these emotions.
Sometimes other people can see when someone with BPD is dissociating because the expressions in their voice or face can seem emotionless, or they look like they are distracted.
Sometimes when someone with BPD is dissociating, other people are not able to see or know that it is happening.
Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals diagnose people with BPD using a book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR).
They look at a person's behaviour and how they are feeling.
If the person has five or more of the following signs, the DSM-IV-TR says that they have BPD.
Fearing and trying very hard to prevent being left or rejected
A pattern of trouble in relationships, often thinking that other people are much better or much worse than they really are and changing quickly between the two views.
Being confused about their own personal identity
Being impulsive in ways that are dangerous (such as casual sex, drinking too much alcohol or abusing drugs, not eating or eating too much, driving dangerously)
Trying to commit suicide, or hurting themselves
Mood swings - suddenly feeling very happy, sad or anxious, and feeling that way for hours at a time
Feeling empty inside or constantly feeling bored
Having intense anger problems, getting into many fights
Having severe paranoid thoughts
Most struggle with substance abuse and/or addictions.
Self-harm and suicidal behavior are also common.
The cause for BPD is not known.
There may be several causes for people developing BPD.
Some researchers think that it might be caused by trauma in childhood, such as sexual abuse, physical abuse and neglect.
Many people with BPD were abused when they were children.
Modern thinking as demonstrated by functioning MRI scans is that neurotransmitters within the brain are not working correctly, and messages are not conducted in the usual way.
Some factors related to personality development can increase the risk of developing borderline personality disorder.
Hereditary predisposition.
You may be at a higher risk if a close family member has it, or a similar disorder.
Stressful childhood.
Many people with the disorder report being neglected or abused during childhood.
Some people have lost or were separated from a parent when they were young or had parents with addictions or other mental health issues.
Others have been exposed to hostile conflict and unstable family relationships.
Treating BPD is very difficult and takes a long time.
Today, most people with BPD are treated with different kinds of psychotherapy.
One of these is called dialectical behavioral therapy.
In addition to therapy, drugs such as antidepressants, antipsychotics or mood stabilizers are often used.
Many sufferers recover within 10 years.
Kings and Queens of Chaos; A new understanding of borderline personality suggests new ways of handling it.
October 2013 Psychology Today
A personality disorder (PD) or character disorder is a type of disorder where a person thinks, feels and behaves differently from how society expects them to.
Where these traits would be flexible in most people, these traits are rigid and unworkable in someone with a personality disorder and create lasting patterns and often lasting problems.
These thoughts, feelings and behaviours can cause problems for the person, and for other people around them.
In the United States, the United Kingdom, and many other countries, personality disorders are classed as a kind of mental disorder and are treated by medical professionals.
About ten percent of adults have PDs.
They are often caused by child abuse and trauma.
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a book about mental illness written by the American Psychiatric Association, there are ten personality disorders.
They are split into three "clusters" or groups.
Cluster A
Cluster A is the odd or eccentric group of personality disorders.
They have similarities with schizophrenia.
Paranoid personality disorder: These people do not trust others.
They believe that others are trying to ruin their life.
Schizoid personality disorder: These people like to stay alone.
They do not enjoy most things and do not show much emotion.
Schizotypal personality disorder: These people have weird beliefs and are very afraid of other people.
Cluster B
Cluster B is the dramatic or emotional group of personality disorders.
Antisocial personality disorder: These people tend to bully others.
They do not care about people or the law.
Around three percent of men and one percent of women have ASPD.
Borderline personality disorder: These people have unstable relationships, self-image and moods.
They are very impulsive.
Around one percent of men and three percent of women have BPD.
Histrionic personality disorder: These people are very emotional and need to be the center of attention.
They are flirtatious and seductive.
Around one percent of men and four percent of women have HPD.
Narcissistic personality disorder: These people think that they are better than other people.
They boast about themselves and need other people to look up to them.
They use other people to achieve their goals.
Around one percent of people have NPD.
All Cluster B disorders are comorbid with each other.
There are things that are in more than one PD.
For example, selfishness and lack of empathy are major parts of ASPD and NPD.
Needing to be admired is a major part of HPD and NPD.
Cluster C
Cluster C is the anxious or fearful group of personality disorders.
Avoidant personality disorder: These people avoid close relationships because they feel worse than other people.
They have a high amount of social anxiety and feel terrible when criticized.
Dependent personality disorder: These people seek the affection of other people.
They often cannot make decisions on their own.
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: These people do not relax.
They are often very busy.
The World Health Organization has a different way of describing personality disorders.
It makes use of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD).
The specific personality disorders are: paranoid, schizoid, dissocial, emotionally unstable (borderline type and impulsive type), histrionic, anankastic, anxious (avoidant) and dependent in the current version.
The current version is the ICD-10.
A mood disorder or affective disorder is a type of mental illness where the main problem is the person's mood.
The two main kinds of mood disorder are depressive disorders (like major depressive disorder) and bipolar disorder.
Some other mood disorders can be caused by using drugs.
A mood is an emotional state of mind.
They can be positive or negative.
People sometimes say they are in a "good mood", if they are happy, or a "bad mood" if they are sad, or angry.
Moods can last for several hours or days.
Sometimes, people's moods depend on what kind of personality they have.
People who are optimistic are often in a good mood.
People who are pessimistic are often in a bad mood.
People's moods also change when things happen to them.
For example, if something bad happens in a person's life, they may be sad or angry as a result.
Appetite is wanting to eat food, the feeling of hunger.
Humans and animals have appetite to make sure that they eat enough food to survive.
A loss of appetite is also called anorexia (this is not the same as the eating disorder anorexia nervosa).
Appetite can change when people are ill, when they have eating disorders and when they are on different types of medications.
A big appetite can make somebody eat more than they need to, and they can put on weight, even becoming obese.
A small appetite can make someone eat less than they need to, making them lose weight or become malnourished.
Fatigue or tiredness is a physical or mental feeling.
It happens when someone is ready to sleep or has done a lot of physical exercise.
The person may feel weak, slow or sleepy.
They may yawn and may find it difficult to keep the eyes open.
Usual fatigue goes away when you rest or sleep.
Guy Carbonneau (born March 18, 1960) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player in the National Hockey League (NHL) and the former head coach of the Montreal Canadiens from 2006 until being fired on March 9, 2009.
He is also the president of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL)'s Chicoutimi Saguenéens.
Genealogy : Guy Carbonneau
Chicoutimi Saguenéens (QMJHL) players
Reg Abbott played only three games in the NHL in 1952–53 for the Montreal Canadiens.
During those three games, he did not score any points nor did he earn any penalty minutes.
1949: Turnbull Cup (MJHL) Championship
1949: Abbott Cup Championship (1949)
1950: MJHL Scoring Leader
1950: MJHL Goal Scoring Leader
1950: MJHL First All-Star Team
1951: President's Cup (PCHL) Championship
1964: Allan Cup Championship
Reg Abbott's biography  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
Douglas Wagner Bentley (September 3, 1916 – November 24 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers.
Bentley missed the entire 1944–45 NHL season after being given permission to stay home and tend the family farm by Canadian Armed Forces officials, September, 1944.
From 1940 to 1947, his brother Max Bentley was his teammate and linemate in Chicago.
Both brothers have been elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame, and in 1998, both brothers were named to The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, Max at number 48 and Doug at number 73.
On March 13, 1966 in an Eastern Hockey League game vs Jacksonville, Doug Bentley inserted his son, Doug Jr. (b. June 1, 1951) into the game when the team was short of players due to injuries.
Doug Jr. was only 14 years of age at the time, becoming the youngest player to play a shift in a professional hockey league.
Art Ross Trophy (1943)
NHL First All-Star Team left wing (1943, 1944, 1947)
NHL Second All-Star Team centre (1949)
Voted by the Herald American as the top hockey player in Chicago for the first half of the century (1950)
Coaching statistics
++ - Replaced midseason
Eric Craig Staal (born 29 October 1984 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian ice hockey player and alternate captain for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League.
He is the older brother of Jordan Staal, who is playing for the Pittsburgh Penguins, Marc Staal, who is playing for the New York Rangers, and Jared Staal, who was drafted by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft but is currently playing for the AHL's San Antonio Rampage.
Carolina Hurricanes' franchise record for most hat tricks in a single season – 4 (2008–09)
Carolina Hurricanes' franchise record for most career post-season points – 43
Carolina Hurricanes' franchise record for consecutive games – 349 (2004–2009)
Tied Minnesota Wild's franchise record for most goals in a single season – 42 (2017–18)
The Quebec Nordiques were an ice hockey team who played in both the National Hockey League (NHL) and the World Hockey Association (WHA).
The franchise moved to Denver, Colorado, in 1995, and became the Colorado Avalanche.
Michel Bergeron coached the most games and won the most points all-time with the Nordiques, with 634 games and 616 points.
Maurice Filion and Michel Bergeron were the only coaches to have three terms with the Nordiques.
Marc Crawford was the only Nordiques coach to win the Jack Adams Award.
WHA coaches
NHL coaches
A running total of the number of coaches of the Nordiques.
Thus any coach who has two or more separate terms as head coach is only counted once.
Maurice Filion's six games coached with the Nordiques were in the middle of the season, not in the end of the season.
List of NHL head coaches
Head Coaches of the Colorado Avalanche
Peter Schaefer (born July 12, 1977 in Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan, Canada) is a retired Canadian ice hockey left winger.
He has played in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks, Ottawa Senators and the Boston Bruins.
Named to the CHL First All-Star Team in 1996.
Named to the WHL East First All-Star Team in 1996.
Won the President's Cup (WHL champions) with the Brandon Wheat Kings in 1996.
Named to the CHL First All-Star Team in 1997.
Named to the WHL East First All-Star Team in 1997.
Awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy (WHL MVP) in 1997.
Awarded the WHL Plus-Minus Award in 1997.
WHL record for most shorthanded goals in one game - 3 (on March 14, 1997, against the Medicine Hat Tigers; tied with Kalvin Knibbs, Glen Goodall, and Brett McLean)
The Parliament of Australia  is the federal governing system in Australia.
It was formed on May 9, 1901.
The parliament is bicameral, which means it has two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate.
It was copied mainly from the way the United Kingdom's Parliament was run, the Westminster system, but it also has some ideas from the United States Congress.
The laws which control the way the parliament is set up and its powers are part of the Australian Constitution.
The Parliament meets in a special building, Parliament House, in Canberra.
It makes, changes and improves the laws (legislation)
Represents the people of Australia
It watches what the government is doing
It is where the government is formed
The Australian Parliament first met in the Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne in 1901.
It then took over the Victorian Parliament in Melbourne until it moved to Canberra in 1927.
A new building for the Parliament was finished in 1988 to celebrate 200 years of European settlement in Australia.
There are 151 members of the House of Representatives, each one elected for a three year term.
Each member represents about 150,000 people living in an electorate.
The boundaries of each electorate are often changed to keep the number of people in each electorate is the same.
The size of each electorate can be very different.
The electorate of Durack, in Western Australia, covers an area of 1.3 million square kilometres, while Wentworth in New South Wales is only 26 square kilometres.
The government is formed by the political party (or group of political parties) who have the most members in the House.
The House is set out in the British style, even using the green colours of the House of Commons.
The Speaker sits at the front; the members of the government sit on the seats to his right, and the opposition sits on the seats to his left.
The Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, government ministers, and the shadow ministers, sit at a large table in the centre.
The Senate is the upper house of the Australian Parliament.
There are 76 members in the Senate.
There are 12 senators for each Australian state, and 2 for each territory.
The Senate makes and changes legislation.
To become law, legislation must be passed by both houses and then be signed by the Governor-General.
The colours in the Australian Senate are red, as in the British House of Lords.
The senators sit in a U shape around a central table.
The head of the Senate, known as the President, sits at the head of the table.
On their right are the government senators, and on their left the opposition.
Senators from minor political parties and Independent senators sit at the bottom of the U shape.
Parliament of Australia website
The Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) system is an alphanumeric ordering system for categorizing or arranging mathematical topics, similar to how a library arranges or orders their books on the shelves.
The system was invented by the American Mathematical Society based on two major mathematical publishers: Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH.
The MSC system is used by many journals of mathematics which ask authors to list the MSC subject codes in their papers when submitted for publication.
Mathematics Subject Classification 2010
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians who work together in the interests of mathematical education, research, and scholarships.
It does so with publications, conferences, services, and monetary awards and prizes to mathematicians.
The American Mathematical Society website
Mathematical Reviews is a journal and online database published by the American Mathematical Society that contains many articles in mathematics, statistics, and related topics.
Mathematical Reviews database
Mathematics journals
AMS may refer to:
American Mathematical Society - American organization of mathematicians
The IATA airport code of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Arthur Sarkissian (born 11 May 1960) is an Armenian artist and painter.
He is one of the top twelve artists working now in Armenia.
Sarkissian was born in 1960 in Gyumri, Armenia and went to the School of Fine Arts there in 1977, then the Armenian Pedagogical University (Drawing) in 1989.
He now lives and works in the city of Yerevan in Armenia.
Sarkissian creates abstract art to show and enjoy the post-soviet freedom in Armenia.
In 2005 he said that his way of painting was because he wanted to free himself from "Socialist Realism"."
His paintings put together oil paint, silkscreen printing, words, photographs and parts of other paintings, and other materials.
His work can be seen in the Public Collection of the Museum of Modern Art in Yerevan.
Many private collections of art across the world also include his paintings.
Paintings and sculpture
"Mind Games" (2003), oil painting on canvas, 400 x 400 cm
"Evening in the museum" (2005), mixed media on canvas, 95 x 175 cm
"20 Pages" (2006), oil painting on canvas, 138 x 118 cm
"Three colour stains" (2006), mixed media on canvas, 100 x 80 cm
"Closed Session" (2007), mixed media installation
"Against Crizis" (2009), oil painting on canvas, 120 x 195 cm
2009 - "Between The Images",One Gallery, Yerevan,Armenia
2008 – Museum of Modern Art, Yerevan, Armenia
2006 – First Floor Gallery, Yerevan, Armenia
2003 – "MIND GAMES", First Floor Gallery, Yerevan, Armenia
1998 – JNR Gallery, Yerevan, Armenia
1994 – Bossen Cultural Center, Saarbrücken, Germany
2009 – "Transitional Hypotheses", group exhibition of Armenian-Japanese artists, ACCEA
2008 – "Undercurrent Shifts", Armenian Center for Contemporary Experimental Art
2007 – "Armenian Contemporary Art", Paris, France
2007 – "5 Armenian Artists", Marcel, France
2007 – "Armenian Landscapes in Contemporary Art", EWZ, Zurich, Switzerland
2006 – "Art Without Borders", Havana Gallery, Oldenburg, Germany
2005 – Marie Pargas Art Gallery, Asheville, NC, USA
2005 – The Collection Of Viken Makhyan, AGBU Pasadena Center, USA
2005 – "Photo Plus", ACCEA, Yerevan, Armenia
2005 – "Armenian Contemporary Art", Harvest Gallery, Glendale, CA, USA
1999 – "Windows to Armenia" and "With Many Voices", Fourth Presbyterian Church, Chicago, Illinois, US
1997 – "Dreams & Visions", Art Benefit, Chicago, Illinois, USA
1992 – "Armenian Post-Modernism", Moscow, Russia
1992 – "Contemporary Armenian Artists", Gallery Vision, Kassel, Germany
1991 – "Contemporary Art From Armenia", The New Academy Gallery, London, UK
1991 – "New Tendencies in Art", Goyak Gallery, Yerevan, Armenia
1989 – "Art of the USSR: The Past 50 Years", Madrid, Spain Catalogues
Artist's official website
Armenian Center for Contemporary Experimental Art (ACCEA) official website
The largest known prime number is the biggest known integer which is a prime number.
To date, it equals 282,589,933 − 1, it would take 24,862,048 digits to write that entire number out.
The number was found on December 21, 2018.
This table lists every number that was once the largest known prime number.
The first known record was from 1456.
The number 524,287 was the largest known prime number for 144 years.
Mn is short for 2n − 1, the Mersenne number with exponent n.
Press release about the largest known prime 257,885,161−1
fr:Nombre premier#Éléments historiques
The Northern League, was an independent baseball league which merged with the Golden Baseball League and the United Baseball League to form the North American League.
Former teams (1993–2010)
Rochester Aces (1994 became Winnipeg Goldeyes)
Thunder Bay Whiskey Jacks (1999 became Schaumburg Flyers)
Madison Black Wolf (2001 became Lincoln Saltdogs)
Duluth–Superior Dukes (2003 became Kansas City T-Bones)
St. Paul Saints (2005 left to create American Association)
Lincoln Saltdogs (2005 left to create American Association)
Schaumburg Flyers (folded in 2011 before joining North American League)
Sioux Falls Canaries (2005 left to create American Association)
Sioux City Explorers (2005 left to create American Association)
Calgary Vipers (2007 left to join Golden Baseball League, have since folded)
Edmonton Cracker-Cats (2007 left to join Golden Baseball League, has since changed name to Edmonton Capitals)
Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks (2010 left to join American Association)
Gary SouthShore RailCats (2010 left to join American Association)
Kansas City T-Bones (2010 left to join American Association)
Winnipeg Goldeyes (2010 left to join American Association)
Former Northern League East teams (1999–2002)
(Left to re-form Northeast League, then later the Can-Am League)
Adirondack Lumberjacks (1995–2003); team later moved to Bangor, Maine and then folded
Albany-Colonie Diamond Dogs (1995–2002); team later folded
Allentown Ambassadors (1997–2003); team later folded
Berkshire Black Bears (2002–2003); team later moved to New Haven, Connecticut and then folded
Brockton Rox (2002–2011); team now plays in Futures Collegiate Baseball League
Catskill Cougars (2000)
Elmira Pioneers (1996–2005); team now plays in New York Collegiate Baseball League
Massachusetts Mad Dogs (1997–1999); team became inactive for three years
New Jersey Jackals (1998-)
Les Capitales de Québec (1999-)
Waterbury Spirit (1997–2000); team revived as North Shore Spirit in 2003 in Lynn, Massachusetts, later folded
1993 St. Paul Saints
1994 Winnipeg Goldeyes
1995 St. Paul Saints
1996 St. Paul Saints
1997 Duluth–Superior Dukes
1998 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
1999 Albany-Colonie Diamond Dogs
2000 Adirondack Lumberjacks
2001 New Jersey Jackals
2002 New Jersey Jackals
2003 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
2004 St. Paul Saints
2005 Gary SouthShore RailCats
2006 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
2007 Gary SouthShore RailCats
2008 Kansas City T-Bones
2009 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
2010 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
nlfan.com - Northern League Fan's Guide
WHL West First All-Star Team - 2006–07
Del Wilson Trophy (WHL Top Goaltender) - 2006–07
CHL Goaltender of the Year - 2006–07
Jack A. Butterfield Trophy - 2007
Calder Cup - 2007
Molson Cup - October 2007
NHL Rookie of the Month - March 2008
NHL All-Rookie Team - 2008- 2012
"Price Steals the Show for Canada" by Bill Meltzer—NHL.com December 2, 2007
"Carey Price: Continuing the legacy" by Shane Malloy—NHL.com June 2, 2006
Hockey Canada player profile
Sportspeople from Vancouver
Las Meninas is an oil painting by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez.
The painting hangs in the Museo del Prado in Madrid, the capital of Spain.
It was painted in 1656.
The word “Menina” means “lady-in-waiting” or “Maid of Honour”, i.e. a girl who serves in a royal court.
There is a lot of detail in the painting, and more has been written about it than about almost any other Western painting because it is quite complicated.
For example: people do not always agree about who is looking at whom and why they are standing there.
Description of the painting
Las Meninas shows a large room in the Madrid palace of King Phillip IV of Spain .
Several people are in the painting, and we know who they are.
Some are looking at one another and others are looking out from the painting at the viewer (the person who is looking at the painting).
The person who stands in the middle is the Infanta Margarita Teresa of Austria (the princess, daughter of the king and queen).
She has two maids of honour, one on each side of her, a chaperone, a bodyguard, two dwarfs and a dog.
Velázquez has also painted himself, standing just behind the princess and her companions.
He is standing at the artist’s easel.
He has stopped painting for a moment and looks straight out at the viewer.
At the back of the room is a mirror in which we can see the top halves of the bodies of the king and queen.
This means that the king and queen are the viewers who are looking at the painting.
The king and queen are probably being painted by Velázquez, but not everybody agrees with this.
Velázquez was very famous in his lifetime.
He painted portraits of several royal people at the Spanish court.
Philip himself did not like being painted when he was old, but he allowed Velázquez to include him in Las Meninas.
He had given Velázquez a special room where he could paint, and he often sat and watched the painter at work in his studio.
The painting was damaged a bit by a fire in 1734 and some of it was repainted, including the left cheek of the Infanta.
In recent years it lost some of its colour, partly due to the pollution caused by so many visitors to the gallery.
It was cleaned in 1984.
Some people thought it made the picture look different.
The people in Las Meninas are in Velázquez's studio in the royal palace.
The Infanta Margarita Teresa of Austria (number 1 in the key picture) in the middle of the picture is five years old.
She later married the Roman Emperor Leopold.
She has two ladies-in-waiting (meninas): doña Isabel de Velasco (2), who is about to curtsy to the princess, and doña María Agustina Sarmiento de Sotomayor (3), who kneels in front of Margarita, offering her a drink from a red cup, or bucaro, that she holds on a golden tray.
To the right of the Infanta are two dwarfs: Maribarbola (4) who was German, and Nicolas Pertusato (5) who was Italian.
He is trying to wake up a dog by his feet.
Behind them stands doña Marcela de Ulloa (6), the princess's chaperone, dressed in mourning and talking to a bodyguard (or guardadamas) (7).
We do not know the name of the bodyguard.
At the back on the right stands Don José Nieto Velázquez (8)—the queen's chamberlain during the 1650s, and the head of the royal tapestry works—who may have been a relative of the artist.
Nieto is shown pausing, with his right knee bent and his feet on different steps.
We are not sure what he is doing.
None of the people in the picture can see him.
Only the viewer (the king and queen?)
Velázquez himself (9) stands to the left of the scene, looking outward past a large canvas supported by an easel.
On his chest is the red cross of the Order of Santiago, which he did not receive until 1659, three years after the painting was completed.
He later added the cross to the painting.
The mirror on the back wall reflects the upper bodies and heads of the King Philip IV (10) and his queen, Mariana (11).
Most people think that they are being painted by Velázquez, and that their daughter, the Infanta, is watching them.
Museo Picasso "Las Meninas"
Velázquez - La Kabala y Las Meninas
Spanish paintings
Paintings by Diego Velazquez
Walter Michael Poddubny (February 14, 1960 – March 21, 2009) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger and coach who played eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1981–1982 until 1991–1992.
He died of a heart attack at the age of 49, after collapsing at his sister's house in Thunder Bay.
Roller hockey
Villagracia, Reuben. "
Former NHLer passes away," The Chronicle Journal (Thunder Bay, Ontario), Sunday, March 22, 2009.
Walt Poddubny – Hockey-Reference.com.
Patrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern (; born 12 September 1951, Dublin) is a former Taoiseach of Ireland leader of Fianna Fáil, the Irish Republic's largest political party.
He oversaw the largest economic expansion in Irish history and was important in making the Good Friday Agreement.
Nonkilling is a worldview that affirms the possibility of a society where killing is absent.
In such a society there would be no killings, threats to kill, weapons made to kill or reasons for people to kill each other.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Glenn D. Paige, Nonkilling Global Political Science, 2002; 3rd ed.
Glenn D. Paige, Joám Evans Pim, editors, Global Nonkilling Leadership, 2009.
School of Nonkilling Studies at Wikiversity
Center for Global Nonkilling
Charter for a World without Violence
Bonao is the Taíno name of the region where the old city was founded.
The city is in the Bonao Valley, at about 85 km to the northwest of Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic.
The municipality had, in , a total population of 76,241: 37,349 men and 38,892 women.
Christopher Columbus founded in 1494 a small fort in the region known by the Taíno people as Bonao.
The fort was built to protect the gold mines around Maimón and other places.
But there was not much gold in the region and the fort was soon left without people.
The town was founded again during the early years of the 19th century but at about  to the north of the old place, closer to the River Yuna.
The new town had the name Yuna was soon was changed to the old one: Bonao.
It was also called El Bonao (English: "The Bonao") but the article "El" (English: "The") was left out during the first years of the 20th century and it is never used now.
The new small town was made a Puesto Cantonal (and old category, like a "Military Post") in 1859 and then a municipality of La Vega province in 1865.
In 1936, its name was changed to Monseñor Meriño after the Archbishop Adolfo A. Nouel, past president of the country.
In 1960, it got is old name of Bonao.
Bonao is in the Bonao Valley in the centre of the Dominican Republic.
It has a total area of .
It has five municipal districts (a municipal district is a subdivision of a municipality); these are Arroyo Toro-Masipedro, Jayaco, Juma Bejucal, La Salvia-Los Quemados and Sabana del Puerto.
The altitude of the city of Bonao is  above sea level.
The city is near the River Yuna, one of the most important river of the Hispaniola island; the sources of the river are on the eastern side of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range").
It flows through the Bonao Valley and then through the Cibao Valley and into the Samaná Bay.
The month with the least rainfall on average is January with an average of  followed by February with an average of .
1495 establishments
The Lewis and Clark Expedition was an expedition by Meriwether Lewis (1774–1809) and William Clark (1770–1838), two men chosen by United States President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase, which the country had just bought from France. (
This land was made up of much of what is now the Central and Western United States).
They left Saint Louis in 1804, leading a group of 33 people.
The group reached the Pacific in 1806, viewing much of the West on the way and writing down what they saw.
Along the way, the group was joined by a Shoshone Native American woman named Sacagawea, who helped guide and translate for them.
After their exploration, Lewis became Governor of Louisiana Territory, and Clark became Governor of Missouri Territory.
The only person that died on the trip was Sergeant Charles Floyd who died August 20, 1804 of Dysentery.
1804 in the United States
1805 in the United States
Baia Mare is a municipality in the northwestern part of Romania.
It is the seat of Maramureş County.
137,921 people were living in Baia Mare as of 2002.
Cyanide Spill of 2000:  An hour before midnight on January 30, 2000, a dam holding back water in a settling area for the Baia Mare gold mine burst, spilling its contents into the Somes river, and subsequently into the Tisza river.
The spill resulted in the release of at least 100,000 cubic meters of water containing high concentrations of cyanide, as well as heavy metals such as copper, zinc and lead.
Cyanide is used to purify gold from rocks, and the water contained concentrations that exceeded the 'heavily polluted' threshold by 40 to 160 times.
Zinc concentration was twice the acceptable standard, and lead concentration was 5 to 9 times greater.
Rumanian authorities were quickly notified of the spill and immediately raised an alarm that prevented the loss of any human life.
However, the spill killed all aquatic plant and animal life for dozens of miles downstream.
On February 12, the toxic water flowed into the Danube, which receives water from the Tisza, carrying its impact into Hungary and Serbia, as well.
Inhabitants of Belgrade witnessed a Danube with dead fish floating on the surface.
Up to 100 people, most of them children, were treated after eating fish contaminated by the heavy chemicals.
The Rumanian media entitled this environmental disaster ‘the largest since Chernobyl’.
Serino, Italy, since 2003
Nyíregyháza, Hungary, since 2003 - partnership only
Hódmezovásárhely, Hungary, since 2001
Bielsko-Biała, Poland, since 2001
Hollywood, Florida, USA, since 2001
Wels, Austria, since 2000
Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, since 1990
Szolnok, Hungary, since 1990
Kitwe, Zambia, since 1972
official City Hall site
1142 establishments
Umm Kulthum (May 4, 1904 – February 3, 1975).
She was an Egyptian singer, songwriter, and actress.
She was born in Tamay ez-Zahayra.
She is a famous and distinguished singer of the 20th century in the Arab world.
[ Biography] at AllMusic
The Star of the East at Østfold College, Halden, Norway from almashriq.hiof.no
Egyptian singers
Egyptian actors
Craig Parker (born 12 November 1970 in Suva, Fiji) is a New Zealand actor who played Guy Warner in Shortland Street.
The moon landing conspiracy theories (also known as moon landing hoax or Apollo hoax) are beliefs that men did not land on the Moon in 1969–1972 during the Apollo program and that NASA faked the information.
Some conspiracy theorists believe the Skylab space station is also a hoax.(p.
This belief is considered by the scientific community and historians to be irrational.
But on the internet, the debate can occur since it is easy for anyone to publish their ideas.
There are subcultures within the USA and cultures around the world that believe that the Moon landings were faked.
This view is claimed to have been taught in Cuban schools and wherever else Cuban teachers are sent (Nicaragua, Angola).
It is also shared by the Taliban and by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON).
On 12 April 1961, the USSR sent the first man into space in Vostok 1, Yuri Gagarin.
Six weeks later, US President John Kennedy promised a manned Moon landing by 1969 to win the battle of systems and impress the world with technical superiority:
Moon conspiracy theorists say that NASA had too many technical problems to meet the eight year deadline for going to the moon.
But the USA could not afford to appear lose the race to the moon to the Soviet Union, and so the moon landings were faked.
In 2004, President George Bush gave not eight but sixteen years for a manned return to the Moon, even though the technologies for it should have already been developed forty years earlier.
In 2010, President Barack Obama canceled this plan, which seemed to the moon conspiracy theorists to be an admission that the USA still does not have the technology to go to the moon.
Doubts about the authenticity of the Apollo Moon landings appeared first in December 1968 when Apollo 8 was launched.
The almost perfectly executed odyssey of Apollo 11 amazed many around the world, and some people doubted it was real.
The first book on the subject ("Did man land on the Moon?")
was issued in Texas by the mathematician James J. Cranny in 1970.
NASA commented on some of the conspiracy theories in June 1977.
But in August 1997, their Director of Media Services (1998–2000) Brian Welch (1958–2000) said in an interview with Sky TV News:(p.
68)(48:13–48:46)
When Fox TV aired Bruce Nash's film "Conspiracy theory: Did we land on the Moon?"
in 2001, NASA released hoax theory rebuttal materials on their web and FTP sites.
They also wrote suggestions for science teachers on how to refute the hoax claims using the Lunar Sample Disk Kits.
In 2002, NASA hired James Edward Oberg, to write a book intended to challenge those who claim the Apollo Moon landings were a hoax.
Oberg was a former rocket scientist, MSNBC News space consultant and analyst and journalist, and, it was later discovered, a moon landing conspiracy theorist.
But NASA soon cancelled the project, declining to give the reasons for this.
NASA spokesman Bob Jacobs said criticism that NASA was displaying poor judgement and a lack of confidence in commissioning the book caused the agency to abort it.
For example, then NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe said:
In 2006, some of the recordings of the Apollo era were declared missing.
The question of what happened to the recordings was seen by conspiracy theorists as confirmation of their beliefs, and in 2009, NASA revealed that the tapes were erased.
The arguments about the moon conspiracy theories are detailed and complex.
Some of the major points and counterpoints are listed below.
Moon conspiracy theorists think that NASA faked the Apollo mission with a secret program.
According to James Longuski, the complexity of the conspiracy theory scenarios make them impossible.
More than 400,000 people worked on the Apollo project for almost ten years, and 12 men who walked on the Moon returned to Earth to talk about their experiences.
Hundreds of thousands of people would have had to keep the secret.
Longuski says that it would have been a lot easier to actually land on the Moon than to create such a large conspiracy to fake it.
Photography and videos
In some photos, the crosshairs are seemed to be partially covered by objects.
Some conspiracy theorists suggest that the NASA composed the photographs by "cutting and pasting" objects over the background images.
Bright sunlight can wash-out thin lines over the white objects.
In some photos, the crosshairs are rotated.
The popular images are rotated to keep the lunar horizon straight.
The letter "C" appears on some rocks.
This is maybe a designation by the studio props.
The "C"-shaped objects are printing mistake and do not appear in the original film from the camera.
It has been suggested that the "C" is a hair or other fiber.
The book Moon Shot contains a fake photo of Alan Shepard hitting a golf ball on the Moon with another astronaut.
It was used instead of the original photos, because the editors thought that the original photos would be too grainy for their book.
The book publishers did not work for NASA.
The Apollo 16 crew could not have survived solar flares when they were on their way to the Moon.
No large solar flare occurred during the flight of Apollo 16.
There were large solar flares in August 1972, after Apollo 16 returned to Earth and before the flight of Apollo 17.2.
During the Apollo 15 mission, David Scott did an experiment by dropping a hammer and a falcon feather at the same time.
Both hit the ground at the same time.
According to the principle of relativity, without air resistance, two objects of different weight can hit the ground at the same time.
Blueprints and drawings of the machines used in the Apollo project are missing.blueprints not saved Some Apollo 11 tapes containing telemetry and high quality video of the first moonwalk are also missing.
Moon landing conspiracy theorists believe that this is because they never existed, since the mission was faked.
Dr. David Williams (NASA archivist at Goddard Space Flight Center) and Apollo 11 flight director Eugene F. Kranz acknowledged that some of the Apollo 11 tapes are missing.
When the recordings were sent back to Earth to be shown on TV, they were converted to a different format which was lower quality.
Now the lower quality tapes are available, but the original high quality videos received in Australia are missing.
Some pictures of the original high quality image are still available, and videos have been released from other missions too, like the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package.
Some people at NASA are looking for the tapes to help them plan for future missions.
They believe the Apollo 11 tapes were sent for storage at the U.S. National Archives in 1970, but by 1984 all the Apollo 11 tapes had been returned to the Goddard Space Flight Center.
The tapes may have been stored rather than re-used, and efforts to determine where they were stored are ongoing.
Goddard was storing 35,000 new tapes per year in 1967, even before the lunar landings.
On November 1, 2006 Cosmos Magazine reported that 100 data tapes recorded in Australia during the Apollo 11 mission had been found in the basement of the Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Australia.
One of the old tapes was sent to NASA for analysis.
On July 16, 2009, NASA said that it must have erased the original Apollo 11 Moon footage years ago so that it could reuse the tape.
On December 22, 2009 NASA issued a final report on the tapes.
Senior engineer Dick Nafzger concluded that approximately 45 tapes of Apollo 11 video were erased and reused.
For the 40th anniversary of the Apollo moon landing, Lowry Digital of Burbank, California restored the low quality videos.
Some pieces of the restored footage are available on the NASA website.
Deaths of Apollo workers
Some conspiracy theorists say that some astronauts were killed as part of a cover up.
In a television program about the conspiracy theory, Fox Entertainment Group listed 10 astronauts and 2 others who conspiracy theorists said were killed.
Theodore Freeman (plane crash, 1964)
Elliot See and Charles Bassett (T-38 accident, 1966)
Gus Grissom (Apollo 1 fire, January 1967).
Edward Higgins White (Apollo 1 fire, January 1967)
Roger B. Chaffee (Apollo 1 fire, January 1967)
Edward Givens (car accident, 1967)
Clifton Williams (plane accident, October 1967)
Michael James Adams (the only X-15 pilot killed during a X-15 test in November 1967.
He was not a NASA astronaut).
Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr., planned to be an Air Force pilot, but he died in a plane crash in December 1967.
Thomas Ronald Baron (died with family in a car crash with train, 1967 after being fired for talking to Congress about the cause of the Apollo 1 fire).
Ruled as suicide.
Baron wrote a report critical of the Apollo program and was a critic after the Apollo 1 fire.
Brian Welch, died a few months after debunking a Fox television show about the 'moon hoax'.
All the deaths except for Irwin's were related to their job with NASA or the Air Force.
Mike Adams and Robert Lawrence were not involved with the civilian space program.
James Irwin already had several heart attacks before his death.
All except two of the deaths happened at least one or two years before Apollo 11.
Also, Brian Welch was speaking out against the moon hoax, so he would not have been a good target to be killed.
As of November 2018, four of the twelve Apollo astronauts who landed on the Moon between 1969 and 1972 were still alive, including Buzz Aldrin.
Also, nine of the twelve Apollo astronauts who flew to the Moon without landing between 1968 and 1972 are still alive, for example Michael Collins.
Valentin Bondarenko (ground training accident, March 1961)
Grigori Nelyubov (suicide, February 1966)
Vladimir Komarov (Soyuz 1 accident, April 1967)
Yuri Gagarin (MiG-15 crash, March 1968)
Pavel Belyayev (complications following surgery, January 1970)
Georgi Dobrovolski, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev (Soyuz 11 accident, June 1971)
Third-party information of Moon landings
Landing sites
Conspiracy theorists say that telescopes, for example the Hubble, should be able to take pictures of the moon where Apollo landed, and if people really did land on the moon, then the pictures should show the scars on the moon's surface and equipment it left behind.
They believe that our major observatories will not take pictures of the landing sites because it would expose the cover-up.
NASA has said that images have been taken of these landing sites, but the pictures taken by Hubble are too low quality to see very much detail.
In 2009 NASA released pictures from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter showing the Apollo landing sites in more detail.
These photographs have not convinced the conspiracy theorists because the pictures were taken by NASA, and they think NASA is behind the cover-up.
Bart Sibrel (a conspiracy theorist) says that the Soviet Union had much more time in space than the United States before the Apollo Program.
The Soviet Union put the first satellite in orbit in October 1957 named Sputnik 1.
They also put the first animal in space in Sputnik 2, and were the first country to safely bring back an animal from space in Sputnik 5.
Yuri Gagrin was the first man to orbit the Earth in Vostok 1, who was also from the Soviet Union.
Sibrel believes that since the Soviet Union was so far ahead of the United States in the Moon race, the United States had to fake the landings to win.
On January 27, 1967, Apollo 1 caught fire and killed 3 astronauts.
Two years later, NASA said that the problems which caused the fire were fixed.
Bart Sibrel believes that the problems could not be fixed, so NASA decided to fake the landings to win the Moon race.
NASA says that the Soviet Union's achievements were not as impressive as the United States.
According to the Encyclopaedia Astronautica, the US spent 1,864 hours in space, while the Soviets spent 697 hours at the completion of Soyuz 5.
Apollo 7 launched in October 1968, 21 months after the Apollo 1 fire, with an astronaut on board.
By Apollo 11, the Uninted States' lead was even bigger.
Both the United States and the Soviet Union had many problems during the Moon race.
The Soviet Union had the first in-flight death in 1967, only 3 months after the Apollo 1 fire.
According to NASA, most of the accomplishments first made by the Soviets were also made by the US within a year.
By 1965, the US started to beat the Soviets to a few important steps.
The Soviets had never developed a rocket which could land on the Moon, and they never tested landing on the Moon with an astronaut on board.
Moon rocks
Some conspiracy theorists say that the Moon rocks collected by the Apollo Program are actually meteorites from Antarctica.
Wernher von Braun, the Marshall Space Flight Center Director, and three others traveled to Antarctica in 1967 (three years before the Apollo launch) to explore for future space missions.
Some conspiracy theorists believe that Braun collected meteorites during this trip to use as fake moon rocks.
The Apollo Program collected  of moon rocks during the Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17 missions.