the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Even though his childhood was difficult and had lots of changes, he was able to use these things in the poetry that he started to write while he was at school.
He never forgot the stories of his grandmother and tried to help other African-Americans when they were having problems.
These were the people that he later wrote about in his own stories.
When Hughes went to school in Lincoln, there were only two African-American children in the class.
The teacher talked to them about poetry.
She said that what a poem needed most was rhythm.
Langston later said that he had rhythm in his blood because, "as everyone knows", all African-Americans have rhythm.
The children made him the "class poet".
At high school in Cleveland, Ohio, Langston learned to love reading.
He loved the poetry of the American poets Paul Laurence Dunbar and Carl Sandburg.
He wrote articles for the school newspaper, he edited the school yearbook and he wrote his first short stories and plays.
Hughes' father and Columbia University
When Langston Hughes was 17, he went to spend some time with his father in Mexico.
He was so unhappy while he was there that he thought about committing suicide.
Hughes could not understand how his father felt.
He said: "I had been thinking about my father and his strange dislike of his own people.
I didn't understand it, because I was a Negro, and I liked Negroes very much!"
"The night is beautiful,
So the faces of my people.
The stars are beautiful,
So the eyes of my people
Beautiful, also, is the sun.
Beautiful, also, are the souls of my people."
When he was finished at high school in Lincoln in 1920, he went back to Mexico, to ask his father to pay for him to go to university.
Hughes' father was a lawyer and a wealthy landowner.
He could afford to send his son to university but he made difficulties about it.
He said that Hughes could only go to university if he went overseas and studied engineering.
Hughes wanted to go to a university in the US.
After a time, they made an agreement that he should go to Columbia University but study engineering, not an arts degree.
He went to Columbia in 1921 but left in 1922, partly because of the racism in the university.
Adult life
Until 1926 Hughes did many different types of work.
In 1923 he went as a crewman on the ship "S.S.Malone" and went to West Africa and Europe.
He left the ship and stayed for a short time in Paris where he joined several other African-Americans who were living there.
In November 1924, Hughes returned to the U.S. to live with his mother in Washington, D.C.. In 1925 he got a job as an assistant to Carter G. Woodson who worked with the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.
Hughes did not enjoy his work because he did not have enough time to write, so he left and got a job as a "busboy", wiping tables and washing dishes at a hotel.
Hughes is sometimes called "The Busboy Poet".
Meanwhile, some of his poems were published in magazines and were being collected together for his first book of poetry.
While he was working at the hotel he met the poet Vachel Lindsay, who helped to make Hughes known as a new African-American poet.
In 1926 Hughes began studying at Lincoln University, Pennsylvania.
He had help from patrons, Amy Spingarn, who gave him $300 and "Godmother" Charlotte Osgood Mason.
Hughes graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1929 and became a Doctor of Letters in 1943.
He was also given an honorary doctorate by Howard University.
For the rest of his life, except when he travelled to the Caribbean or West Indies, Hughes lived in Harlem, New York.
Langston Hughes sometimes went out with women, but he never married.
People who have studied his life and poetry are sure that he was homosexual.
In the 1930s it was harder to be open about being gay than it is nowadays.
His poetry has lots of symbols which are used by other homosexual writers.
Hughes thought that men who had very dark skin were particularly beautiful.
It seems from his poetry that he was in love with an African-American man.
He also wrote a story which might tell of his own experience.
Blessed Assurance is the story of a father's anger because his son is "queer" and acts like a girl.
Hughes' life and work were an important part of the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, alongside those Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman, Countee Cullen, Richard Bruce Nugent, and Aaron Douglas, who together started a magazine Fire!!
Devoted to Younger Negro Artists.
Hughes and these friends did not always agree with the ideas of some of the other African-American writers who were also part of the Harlem Renaissance because they thought their ideas were Middle class and that they treated others who had darker skin, less education and less money with discrimination.
All his life, Hughes never forgot the lessons that he learned about poor and uneducated African-Americans in the stories that his grandmother told.
In 1960, the NAACP awarded Hughes the "Spingarn Medal" for "distinguished achievements by an African American".
Hughes became a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1961.
In 1973, an award was named after him, the "Langston Hughes Medal", awarded by the City College of New York.
Hughes became a famous American poet, but he was always ready to help other people, particularly young black writers.
He was worried that many young writers hated themselves, and expressed these feelings to the world.
He tried to help people feel pride, and not worry about the prejudice of other people.
He also tried to help young African-Americans not to express hatred and prejudice towards white Americans.
"The younger Negro artists who create now intend to express
our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame.
If white people are pleased we are glad.
If they are not,
it doesn't matter.
We know we are beautiful.
And ugly, too.
The tom-tom cries, and the tom-tom laughs.
If colored people
are pleased we are glad.
If they are not, their displeasure
doesn't matter either.
We build our temples for tomorrow,
strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain
free within ourselves."
(A tom-tom is an African drum)
On May 22, 1967, Hughes died in New York City at the age of 65 after having surgery for prostate cancer.
His ashes are buried under the floor of the Langston Hughes Auditorium in the Arthur Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem.
Over his ashes is a circle with an African design called "Rivers."
At the centre of the design are words from a poem by Hughes: "My soul has grown deep like the rivers."
The Negro speaks of Rivers
I've known rivers:
I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the
flow of human blood in human veins.
My soul has grown deep like the rivers.
I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young.
I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep.
I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it.
I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln
went down to New Orleans, and I've seen its muddy
bosom turn all golden in the sunset.
Ancient, dusky rivers.
Works by Langston Hughes
The Weary Blues.
Knopf, 1926
Fine Clothes to the Jew.
Knopf, 1927
The Negro Mother and Other Dramatic Recitations, 1931
Dear Lovely Death, 1931
The Dream Keeper and Other Poems.
Knopf, 1932
Scottsboro Limited: Four Poems and a Play.
N.Y.: Golden Stair Press, 1932
Shakespeare in Harlem.
Knopf, 1942
Freedom's Plow.
Fields of Wonder.
Knopf,1947
One-Way Ticket.
Montage of a Dream Deferred.
Holt, 1951
Selected Poems of Langston Hughes.
Ask Your Mama: 12 Moods for Jazz.
Hill & Wang, 1961
The Panther and the Lash: Poems of Our Times, 1967
The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes.
Knopf, 1994
Let America Be America Again 2005
Not Without Laughter.
Knopf, 1930
The Ways of White Folks.
Knopf, 1934
Simple Speaks His Mind.
Laughing to Keep from Crying, Holt, 1952
Simple Takes a Wife.
Sweet Flypaper of Life, photographs by Roy DeCarava.
Simple Stakes a Claim.
Tambourines to Glory (book), 1958
The Best of Simple.
Simple's Uncle Sam.
Something in Common and Other Stories.
Hill & Wang, 1963
Short Stories of Langston Hughes.
Hill & Wang, 1996
The Big Sea.
New York: Knopf, 1940
Famous American Negroes.
Marian Anderson: Famous Concert Singer.
I Wonder as I Wander.
New York: Rinehart & Co., 1956
A Pictorial History of the Negro in America, with Milton Meltzer.
Famous Negro Heroes of America.
Fight for Freedom: The Story of the NAACP.
Major plays
Mule Bone, with Zora Neale Hurston.
Mulatto.
1935 (renamed The Barrier, an opera, in 1950)
Troubled Island, with William Grant Still.
Little Ham.
Emperor of Haiti.
Don't You Want to be Free?
Street Scene (opera)|Street Scene, contributed lyrics.
Tambourines to glory.
Simply Heavenly.
Black Nativity.
Five Plays by Langston Hughes.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1963.
Jericho-Jim Crow.
Works for children
Popo and Fifina, with Arna Bontemps.
The First Book of the Negroes.
The First Book of Jazz.
The First Book of Rhythms.
The First Book of the West Indies.
First Book of Africa.
The Langston Hughes Reader.
New York: Braziller, 1958.
Good Morning Revolution: Uncollected Social Protest Writings by Langston Hughes.
Lawrence Hill, 1973.
The Collected Works of Langston Hughes''.
Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2001.
The references which follow are those used in the writing of the original article.
Aldrich, Robert (2001).
Who's Who in Gay & Lesbian History.
Bernard, Emily (2001).
Remember Me to Harlem: The Letters of Langston Hughes and Carl Van Vechten, 1925-1964.
Berry, Faith (1983.1992,).
Langston Hughes: Before and Beyond Harlem.
In On the Cross of the South, p. 150; & Zero Hour, p. 185-186.
Hughes, Langstong (2001).
Fight for Freedom and Other Writings on Civil Rights (Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Vol 10).
In Christorpher C. DeSantis (Ed).
Introduction, p. 9.
Hutson, Jean Blackwell; & Nelson, Jill (February 1992). "
Remembering Langston".
Essence magazine, p. 96.
Joyce, Joyce A. (2004).
A Historical Guide to Langston Hughes.
In Steven C. Tracy (Ed.),
Hughes and Twentieth-Century Genderracial Issues, p. 136.
Nero, Charles I. (1997).Queer Reprensentations: Reading Lives, Reading Cultures.
In Martin Duberman (Ed.),
Re/Membering Langston, p. 192.
New York University Press
Nero, Charles I. (1999).Columbia Reader on Lesbians and Gay Men in Media, Society, and Politics.
In Larry P. Gross & James D. Woods (Eds.),
In Free Speech or Hate Speech: Pornography and its Means of Production, p. 500.
Nichols, Charles H. (1980).
Arna Bontempts-Langston Hughes Letters, 1925-1967.
Dodd, Mead & Company.
Hans Ostrom|Ostrom, Hans (1993).
Langston Hughes: A Study of the Short Fiction.
New York: Twayne.
Hans Ostrom|Ostrom, Hans (2002).
A Langston Hughes Encyclopedia.
Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002.
Arnold Rampersad|Rampersad, Arnold (1986).
The Life of Langston Hughes Volume 1: I, Too, Sing America.
Arnold Rampersad|Rampersad, Arnold (1988).
The Life of Langston Hughes Volume 2: I Dream A World.
In Ask Your Mama!,
p. 336.
Schwarz, Christa A.B. (2003).
Gay Voices of the Harlem Renaissance.
In Langston Hughes: A "true 'people's poet",pp.
68–88.
West, Sandra L. (2003).
Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance.
In Aberjhani & Sandra West (Ed.),
Langston Hughes, p. 162.
Checkmark Press
Poems by Langston Hughes at PoetryFoundation.org
A selection of Langston Hughes's more political poetry
The Negro Artist and The Racial Mountain by Langston Hughes
Beinecke Library,Yale University, Langston Hughes at 100
Langston Hughes in Lawrence, KS: Photographs & Biographical Resources
Phat African American Poetry Book
Langston Hughes Papers on deposit at Yale
America's Library, Library of Congress, Langston Hughes
I Hear America Singing, PBS.ORG
Obituary of Langston Hughes, The New York Times
Atrium where the ashes of Langston Hughes reside in the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem
List of previewable works on Google Book Search by and concerning Langston Hughes
People from Joplin, Missouri
A geographical coordinate system is a coordinate system.
This means that every place can be specified by a set of three numbers, called coordinates.
Today, degrees are divided further.
There are minutes, and seconds; 1 minute (or 1') in this context is 1/60 of a degree; 1 second (or 1") is 1/60 of a minute.
The first concept needed is called latitude (Lat, or the Greek symbol "phi", ).
For it, the Earth is cut up into 180 circles, from the Equator at 0°.
The poles are at 90°, the North Pole is at 90° N(orth), the South Pole is at 90° S(outh).
Places with the same latitude are on a circle, around the Earth.
The other concept is called longitude (Long, or the Greek symbol "lambda", ), sometimes referred to as "meridian".
The 0° longitude line (or zero meridian) goes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich.
Greenwich is a part of London.
Then lines are drawn in a similar way; the opposite (or "antipodal") meridian of Greenwich is considered both 180°W(est), and 180°E(ast).
The third number is the height, altitude, or depth.
This is given with respect to some fixed (usually easily calculable point).
One of these is called mean sea level.
The old Altmark region, included parts of the neighbouring district of Stendal.
In the 10th century it was the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire.
Official Website (German)
Touristical website for the Altmark region (German)
Drömling Nature Park (German, English)
Government Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Sankt Pauli (or St. Pauli) is a district of Hamburg.
About 27,000 people live in St. Pauli.
St. Pauli is a district where many people go to have fun.
There are theatres, cinemas, and a red-light district (around the Reeperbahn) in St. Pauli.
This quarter is called the Kiez.
There, there are no closing times imposed for shops and restaurants.
Most of St. Pauli is different, though.
In the St. Pauli quarter of Hamburg based an important German football club (Fußball-Club St. Pauli).
Anhalt-Bitterfeld is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
Its capital is Köthen.
Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
The Reeperbahn is the central street in the district St.Pauli in Hamburg.
Parts of it are considered to be a red-light district, but there are also theatres and cinemas near it.
Picture from the Reeperbahn  (in German)
Red light districts
(population 31.12.2006)
''For other uses of the word "scale" see scale (disambiguation)
In zoology,  a scale is a small, hard plate that grows out of an animal's skin to give it protection.
Fish and reptiles have scales.
In animals such as  butterflies and moths,  scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing.
They are often beautifully coloured.
Scales are used to measure the weight of an item.
To use a scale, the item which needs to be weighed is put on one side of the scale.
Then, weight stones are put on the other side.
Once the scale balances (that is the indicator between the two scales is in the middle), the correct weight is chosen.
There are also modern scales, where the item is simply put on the scale.
Its weight can then be read from an electronic or analogue display.
Weighting Scales are used to measure the weight of an item.
Then, usually stones are put on the other side to compare the weight of the stone with the weight of the object you have chosen.
If both cups are in the middle, it means that the weights of the objects are equal.
If one cup is more up while the other one is down, it means that the one that is down is the heavier one.
For example:  If you place a small stone in one cup, and a watch in the other cup, and the cup with the watch goes down and the stone obviously goes up, it means that the watch has a greater weight than the stone.
"The Precious Necklace Regarding Weigh Scales" is an old book from 1780 that was written by an Egyptian writer about scales
"Industrial electronic scales" - Learn more about Industrial electronic scales.
Burgenlandkreis is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
It was formed by joining the old districts of Burgenlandkreis and Weißenfels as part of the boundary changes of 2007.
The district was made by joining the old districts of Halberstadt, Wernigerode and Quedlinburg as well as the city of Falkenstein (from the district of Aschersleben-Staßfurt).
This was part of the reform of all districts in 2007.
Jerichower Land is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
After World War II the old Prussian districts of Jerichow were changed.
Some areas were given to the neighbouring districts of Havelberg, Rathenow, Brandenburg, Loburg and Zerbst.
The two districts were also renamed after their chief town.
Jerichow became Burg, and Jerichow II became Genthin.
In 1952 the district of Burg was split into two parts, Loburg and Burg.
In 1994 the two districts of Burg and Loburg were merged, and took the old name of Jerichow.
In 2007, 6 municipalities from the former district of Anhalt-Zerbst (Hobeck, Lohburg, Lübs, Prödel, Rosian and Schweinitz) were added to Jerichower Land.
The name is from a group of tribes of early Slavic.
The name is not connected with how the .
city of Jericho.
Das Informations-Portal für den Salzlandkreis
Stendal () is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
It was formed in 1994 by joining the old district of Stendal with the districts Osterburg and Havelberg.
Wittenberg is a district (Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
In 1994 the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen.
In 2007, 27 municipalities from the former district Anhalt-Zerbst were added to the district of Wittenberg.
STS-122 is the name of the 121st flight of the Space Shuttle, taking seven people into outer space to visit the International Space Station.
The flight delivered a module to the space station, called Columbus.
The Space Shuttle Atlantis carried the module.
The flight started at 19:45 UTC, on 7 February 2008, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
The flight ended on 20 February, at 14:07 UTC, when the Shuttle went back to the Kennedy Space Center.
Seven people were aboard the Space Shuttle.
They are; Stephen Frick, who was the Commander, the man in charge of the Space Shuttle, Alan G. Poindexter, who was the Pilot, the man who flied the Shuttle, Leland D. Melvin, Rex J. Walheim, Hans Schlegel and Stanley G. Love, who were there to fit the Columbus onto the space station.
Léopold Eyharts was also on board.
He lived on the Space Station for a month.
Daniel M. Tani, who was on the space station came home aboard the Soyuz spacecraft.
The flight was originally scheduled to launch, on 6 December 2007.
A problem with a part of the fuel tank used to work out how much fuel was left went wrong, which meant the start of the flight had to be delayed.
After the same part went wrong in an attempt to start the flight on 9 December, the start of the flight was moved to January 2008, and later to February.
The flight started on 7 February 2008.
Some people at NASA were worried that bad weather might stop the launch, but the bad weather cleared up in time for a good launch.
At 13:00 UTC, a 2-minute-43-second de-orbit (opposite of making an orbit) burn was conducted.
Then it entered in the atmosphere at 13:35 UTC.
Atlantis touched down on Runway 15 of the Kennedy Space Center at 9:07:10 EST (14:07:10 UTC).
The wheels of the orbiter stopped at 09:08:08 EST (14:08:08 UTC).
The people aboard STS-122 had several jobs to do.
The main job was to add the new room, or module, Columbus, to the space station.
To do this, a robot arm, called a Remote Manipulator System, or RMS, will be used to lift Columbus out of the Space Shuttle, and move it over to a gap in the side of the space station.
Two of the crew will then go outside, and fit parts to the module.
Columbus will be used for scientific research.
Space Shuttle flights
2008 in the United States
Silverwing is a best-selling novel, written by Kenneth Oppel and published in Simon & Schuster.
It follows the journey for a group of silver-haired bats.
The tone and artistic honor for bestsellers were compared to Watership Down.
The four novels became part of the series.
The first book was adapted into an animated television miniseries on Teletoon and Jetix.
It was also released on DVD.
The series has four novels for the series, including the original one, Sunwing, Firewing and Darkwing.
Long ago, the rest of the animals banished the bats for not taking sides in the great war.
Years later, the bats often roam outside at night to avoid the sun (the backstory inspired by Aesop's fable).
When Shade breaks the law for the colony, the owls destroy their home, forcing the bats to migrate.
Shade befriends Marina and learns an echo projection from Zephyr.
Shade and Marina meet Goth and Throbb, two cannibal bats (Vampyrum spectrum) who were captured from South America and escaped from the laboratory.
After Shade and Marina reunite with the colony, the bats resolve conflicts with the animals.
After finding Cassiel, the owls allow the bats to roam outside anytime.
Shade's son, Griffin, travels to the underworld, along with his friend Luna.
After Shade sacrifices himself to foil the plan of Cama Zotz (a bat god opposing Nocturna), Griffin and Luna return home.
Frieda: A wise bat making decisions and having a silver band.
She later dies in Sunwing.
A drive-through or drive-thru is a way of achieving quick service, particularly at restaurants.
There are also drive-throughs at other places, such as banks or coffee shops.
Alcohol at a drive-through liquor store
Banking services at a drive-through bank
Coffee at a drive-through coffee shop
Dairy products at a drive-through dairy store (notably the Skinner Dairy shops of North-East Florida)
Drugs at a drive-through pharmacy
Food or drink at a drive-through restaurant (typically fast food)
Marriage (primarily at special drive-through marriage chapels in Las Vegas in the United States)
The Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102)was a spacecraft used by NASA to fly into outer space.
It was the first Space Shuttle to fly into space, on April 12, 1981.
It broke apart while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, killing all seven people who were on it at the time.
The shuttle flew a total of 28 missions.
The Columbia was named after a US Navy ship that circumnavigated the world in 1836.
It was also the name of the Apollo 11 Lunar Excursion Module.
Cause of destruction
A hole was punctured in the leading edge of the wing.
During the intense heat of re-entry, hot gases entered the interior of the wing, destroying the support structures and causing the rest of the shuttle to break apart.
Commander: Rick D. Husband, a U.S. Air Force colonel and mechanical engineer, who piloted a previous shuttle during the first docking with the International Space Station (STS-96).
Pilot: William C. McCool, a U.S. Navy commander
Payload Commander: Michael P. Anderson, a U.S. Air Force lieutenant colonel and physicist who was in charge of the science mission.
Payload Specialist: Ilan Ramon, a colonel in the Israeli Air Force and the first Israeli astronaut.
Mission Specialist: Kalpana Chawla, an Indian-born aerospace engineer on her second space mission.
Mission Specialist: David M. Brown, a U.S. Navy captain trained as an aviator and flight surgeon.
Brown worked on a number of scientific experiments.
Mission Specialist: Laurel Clark, a U.S. Navy captain and flight surgeon.
Clark worked on a number of biological experiments.
MADtv was a television show that aired on FOX from October 14, 1995 to May 16, 2009.
It is a comedic show where they perform sketches, improv and songs.
It is rated TV-14 because of profane language and sexual substances.
It was on air for fourteen seasons.
It showed at 23:00/22:00 central.
On November 12, 2008, it was announced that their 14th season is the last season.
In July 26, 2016, MADtv come back until September 27, 2016.
2016 television series endings
Atlas V is an orbital launch vehicle used by the United Launch Alliance (made of two companies, Boeing and Lockheed Martin) to place satellites into orbit.
It is a  rocket  tall, and  wide.
It has flown 79 times, since its first flight on August 21, 2002.
It was developed from the Atlas (missile).
Unlike the Space Shuttle, Atlas V is only used once, with a new rocket being built for each flight.
The rocket is made of the first stage, a Common Core Booster with an RD-180 engine from Russia.
Every Atlas V has this as the first stage.
The second stage is called Centaur, and has one/two RL-10 engines from Aerojet Rocketdyne.
On top is a  wide fairing covering the spacecraft during launch.
As of the end of 2018, the Atlas V has made 79 flights.
The most famous ones carried the New Horizons, Mars Science Laboratory (which had the Curiosity rover in it), Juno, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/LCROSS, the Boeing X-37B, the Mars 2020 mission which carried the Perseverance rover and the Mars Helicopter Ingenuity, and in the future, the launch vehicle for Boeing's CST-100 Starliner used for crewed flights to the International Space Station.
The Atlas V has a special way of naming the different kinds.
The Atlas V nomenclature for numbering the variants goes like this: The first number says how wide the fairing is.
A 400 series Atlas V has a 4-meter wide fairing.
A 500 series Atlas V has a 5-meter wide fairing.
An Atlas V N22 have no fairing since it will be the launch configuration for the Boeing's CST-100 Starliner.
second number says how many strap-on solid rocket boosters the rocket has.
An Atlas V 501 has no strap-on boosters, an Atlas V 441 has 4 strap-on boosters, while the Atlas V N22 has two strap-on boosters, which will be the Boeing Starliner launch configuration.
The last number says how many engines the Centaur second stage has.
All of the Atlas V rockets flown have had only 1 engine on the Centaur, but in the future other Atlas V rockets will have 2 engines on the Centaur upper stage, such as the Atlas V N22 that I frequently mentioned in this article.
There is also the HLV which has two of the first stage (Common Core Booster) strapped on like strap-on boosters, but it has never flown.
When the state of Brandenburg was newly founded in 1990, the districts of Lübben, Luckau and Königs Wusterhausen were formed.
In 1993 the three districts were merged.
Spreewald touristical website
Spreewald Biosphere Reserve
Rural Districts of Brandenburg
Elbe-Elster is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany.
The district was established in 1993 by merging the former districts (Kreise) of Finsterwalde, Bad Liebenwerda and Herzberg.
The district is named after two rivers: The Elbe river forms the western border with Saxony.
The Schwarze Elster ("Black Elster") is a tributary of the Elbe and runs through the district.
The fens along the Black Elster are a habitat of several rare animals, like kingfishers, beavers and otters.
Touristic website
Jennifer Kate Hudson (born September 12, 1981 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American Academy and Grammy Award-winning singer and actress.
She gained fame on American Idol.
She is the most successful American Idol contestant who did not win.
She went on to star as Effie White in the 2006 motion picture musical Dreamgirls.
Her awards include an Oscar, a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, and a SAG Award.
She is native to Chicago, Illinois.
Hudson is married to WWE professional wrestler, David Otunga.
Hudson worked as a coach on the UK and US versions of The Voice from 2017 to 2019, becoming the first female coach to win The Voice UK.
In 2020, she will star as Aretha Franklin in Respect.
Singer-songwriters from Chicago
Models from Chicago
When he was young he was a student at the main music school in Munich, Germany, where the famous German composer Carl Orff was his teacher.
Orff strongly influenced his music.
Later he returned to Switzerland, where he lived as a composer.
His most important works are Romeo und Julia and Die Schwarze Witwe (The Black Widow).
Romeo und Julia has been played the first time in Dresden in 1940, under the famous conductor Karl Böhm.
During the following years Sutermeister made operas for the radio and television.
Max und Moritz, ballet after Wilhelm Busch
Die schwarze Spinne, 'Funkoper' after Jeremias Gotthelf, 1936
Romeo und Julia, opera after William Shakespeare, 1940
Die Zauberinsel, opera after Shakespeare, 1942
Piano Concerto, 1943
Niobe, 'Monodram', 1946
Capriccio for unaccompanied Clarinet in A,1946
Raskolnikoff, opera after Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1948
Die Alpen, fantasy on Swiss folksongs, 1948
Der rote Stiefel, opera, 1951
Piano Concerto, 1953
Missa da Requiem, 1953
Cello Concerto, 1954-55
Titus Feuerfuchs oder Die Liebe, Tücke und Perücke, opera, 1958
Piano Concerto, 1961-62
Das Gespenst von Canterville, play with music for television after Oscar Wilde, 1962-63
Poème funèbre - En mémoire de Paul Hindemith for string orchestra, 1965
Omnia ad Unum, cantata, 1965-66
Madame Bovary, opera after Gustave Flaubert, 1967
Cello Concerto, 1971
Te Deum, 1975
Clarinet Concerto, 1975-76
Consolatio philosophiae, 'Scène dramatique', 1979
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (21 March 1768 – 30 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist.
He is best known for starting the investigation of Fourier series.
He used them for work on problems of heat flow.
Fourier also helped the discovery of the greenhouse effect, by  suggesting the atmosphere might act as an insulator.
Fourier was born at Auxerre as the son of a tailor.
He lost both his parents at the age of 9.
He then went on to study at the Convent of St Mark.
He joined the military academy in Auxerre.
Aged sixteen, he became a teacher.
At age 26, he entered the École normale supérieure in Paris.
People like Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Gaspard Monge, and Pierre-Simon de Laplace were among his teachers.
He took part in the French Revolution of 1789.
During the Reign of Terror he was almost executed at the guillotine, but the death of Robespierre saved him this fate.
He later took part in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.
Later, as a diplomat, he is put in charge of the scientific background of the Institut d'Égypte.
On his return, Napoleon put him in charge of the Isère department.
In 1810, Fourier created the university in Grenoble, and becomes its first head.
In 1817, Fourier became a Member of the Académie des Sciences.
On the death of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre in 1822 he became head of the mathematics section.
In 1826, Fourier was elected to the Académie française.
The file server can be a normal computer, or a Network Attached Storage, which is a special computer created to only be a file server.
Often people recycle their old computer and they modify it to become a file server which can hold photos, songs, films, and backups.
Sometimes web servers that are "hand made" are used as a media center, people put things on the file server (for example movies) and then watch (or use) the things on the file server, often on a Television (like how a DVD player works).
Adliswil is a municipality of the district Horgen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.
Aesch is a municipality of the district Dietikon in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.
Aesch Online Official website
Aeugst am Albis is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.
Affoltern am Albis is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.
Gino Severini (7 April 1883 – 26 February 1966), was an Italian painter.
He was a founding member of the Futurist movement.
As a young man, he was introduced to Impressionism.
This is a type of painting that was popular in the late 1800s.
In the early 1900s, he became interested in Cubism.
In the 1920s, he started to paint more traditionally and painted a few murals in Switzerland.
In the 1940s, he started painting more abstractly again.
He died in 1966 in Paris.
Italian painters
Impressionism is a style of painting which began in France in the late 19th century.
Impressionist painting shows life-like subjects painted in a broad, rapid style, with brushstrokes that are easily seen and colours that are often bright.
The term 'impressionism' comes from a painting by Claude Monet, which he showed in an exhibition with the name Impression, soleil levant ("Impression, Sunrise").
An art critic called Louis Leroy saw the exhibition and wrote a review in which he said that all the paintings were just "impressions".
Impressionist painters are mostly known for their work in oil paint on canvas.
Some impressionist painters also made watercolours and prints.
There is also some impressionist sculpture.
In the 19th century, most artists learned to paint by attending an art school or academy.
The academies were very strict about the way that young artists learnt to paint.
The popular style of painting was called classicism.
Classical paintings were always done inside a studio.
They often showed stories from mythology.
An artist would prepare for a painting by doing lots of drawings.
The paintings were very smoothly and carefully painted.
At the same time there were several painters who loved to paint the French landscape and the village people in a realist way, different from Classicism.
They would often make small quick paintings out of doors, and then finish them in the studio.
These artists include Gustave Courbet and Jean-Baptiste Corot.
Edgar Degas wrote in 1883: "There is one master, Corot.
We are nothing in comparison, nothing".
A group of young painters who admired the work of these artists became friends and started painting together.
These artists were Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Frédéric Bazille, Camille Pissarro, Paul Cézanne, and Armand Guillaumin.
Every year the academy in Paris would hold a big exhibition (art show) called the Salon de Paris.
In 1863 an artist called Edouard Manet put a picture into the show called Lunch on the Grass ("Le déjeuner sur l'herbe").
The judges at the Salon refused to hang this work in the gallery because it showed a naked woman sitting on the grass with two men wearing clothes.
If the painting had been about Ancient Greek mythology, this would not be a problem but these men were wearing ordinary suits, and the woman's dress and hat were lying on the grass.
Perhaps she was a prostitute!
The judges said that the painting was indecent (very rude).
Monet and his friends also had their paintings turned away.
They were angry and they met with Manet to discuss this.
The Emperor Napoleon III gave permission for another exhibition called the Salon des Refusés which showed all the pictures that had been "refused".
Many people went to see this exhibition and soon discovered that there was a new "movement" in art, quite different from the style that they were used to.
In 1872 Monet and his friends formed a society called the "Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers".
They began to organize their own art show.
In 1874 thirty artists held their first exhibition.
The critic Louis Leroy made fun of their work and wrote an article called The Exhibition of the Impressionists.
The public who came to the exhibition also began to use this name.
The painters themselves soon started to use the name "Impressionists" and they have been called by that name ever since.
They had eight exhibitions between 1874 and 1886.
They paid a dealer called Paul Durand-Ruel to organise exhibitions, and he arranged shows in London and New York.
Bit by bit, their paintings became popular.
Some of the Impressionists, Monet and Renoir, lived to be old and famous, but others died very poor.
The main artists who are called "Impressionists" include Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Edgar Degas, Berthe Morisot, Armand Guillaumin, Mary Cassatt, Gustave Caillebotte and Frederic Bazille.
Many artists worked with the Impressionists for a short time, but then began to try out new ideas.
These artists all painted in different ways, but together are called the Post-Impressionists.
They include Georges Seurat, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Vincent van Gogh.
While the French Impressionist painters were at work in France, painters in other countries were also beginning to paint outdoors in a broader style.
Eventually the Impressionist style spread to many countries across Europe, to North America and Australia.
Some artists continued to paint in the Impressionist style right through the 20th century.
Subject and style
Impressionism and photography
Before the time of the Impressionists, many artists worked by painting portraits.
Before the invention of the camera, painted portraits were the main way to record a person's "appearance" (what they looked like).
But by the time the Impressionists started painting, there were many photographers who had studios where people could go to be photographed.
As cameras improved, photographers started taking "snapshots" of scenery and people outdoors.
Photography had two effects on painters.
Firstly, it meant that it was much harder for them to live by painting portraits.
Many artists became very poor.
Secondly, the image taken by a camera often has interesting angles and viewpoints that are not usually painted by artists.
Impressionist painters were able to learn from photographs.
Many Impressionist paintings make the viewer feel as if they were right there, looking at the scene through the eyes of the artist.
Impressionist painters did not paint from their imagination, from literature, history or mythology like most other painters of the 19th century.
They painted what they saw in the world around them: the town where they lived, the landscape where they went on holiday, their family, their friends, their studios and the things that were around their home.
Sometimes they were "commissioned" (given a job) to paint a portrait of someone.
Impressionist painters liked to paint "ordinary" things that were part of everyday life.
They painted women doing the washing and ironing, ballet dancers doing exercises, horses getting ready for a race and a bored-looking waitress serving a customer.
Nobody, before the Impressionists, had ever thought that these subjects were interesting enough to paint.
Even though many Impressionist artists painted people, they are thought of mainly for their landscape painting.
Impressionist painters were not satisfied with doing some drawings or quick painted sketches outdoors and then making grand pictures in the studio.
Impressionist painters were not satisfied with painting the shape of the land, the buildings and trees.
They wanted to capture the light and the weather.
The Impressionist painters looked for a "technique" (a way of doing something) to paint landscapes that showed the light and the weather.
The light and the weather change all the time.
The light of the sun on the landscape changes every minute as the Earth turns.
Impressionist painters looked at the works of earlier French artists such as Camille Corot and Gustave Courbet.
Courbet often took his paints outdoors and made quick coloured sketches that he could then use to make large paintings in his studio.
The Impressionist painters were more interested in the sketches than the finished paintings.
Another artist, Eugene Boudin, used to sit on the beach at Deauville with his oil paints, and make quick paintings of the people on holiday.
They would sometimes buy his paintings as souvenirs.
Claude Monet met Boudin and learnt that the only way to "capture" the way that a landscape looked at a particular time was to paint small pictures, very quickly, and without bothering to mix the paints up to make nice smooth even colours.
Impressionist painters would use big brushstrokes of different bright colours and let them get mixed up on the canvas, instead of carefully mixing them up on a palette first.
By painting in this way, without bothering with the details, Impressionist painters capture a realistic "impression" of a the world that they saw around them.
Most Impressionist landscape paintings are small, so that the artist could carry them outdoors.
Some artists, particularly Claude Monet, would take several canvases, and as the day went on and the light changed, he would put down one and take up another.
He rented a room from which he could see Rouen Cathedral so that he could paint it from the window at different times of day.
Monet also did a series of Haystack paintings, showing them standing in the field from different angles and in all sorts of weather, bright sunshine, morning frost and snow.
Paintings that are done outdoors are called "plein air" paintings.
The Impressionist painters often used to go out together on painting trips, so there are many pictures that can be compared.
Other impressionist art forms
The term "impressionism" has been used for other forms of art, such as writing and music.
Octave Mirbeau is often described as an impressionist writer.
In 1887, music critics said the works of Claude Debussy were impressionist.
Later, other composers were also described as impressionist, including Maurice Ravel, Paul Dukas, Erik Satie and Albert Roussel.
Gallery of impressionist paintings
Capturing the scene
Seeing like a camera
People outdoors
Changing seasons in the town
Light on water
Timeline: Lives of the Impressionists
Post-impressionists
Helen Gardner, Art through the Ages, Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc.
Jurgen Schultze, Art of Nineteenth-Century Europe, Abrams, (1979)
Nathaniel Harris, The Impressionists, Viscount Books, (1984)
The New York Jets are an American football team.
Even though they are called the New York Jets they play in New Jersey.
They hail from the same stadium as the New York Giants.
They have many fans in New York and New Jersey.
The New York Jets started playing in 1960.
They have only won one championship.
The Jets were originally called the New York Titans.
They played their games in the Polo Grounds.
When they moved to Shea Stadium in 1964, they were called the Jets.
That was a more modern-sounding name, and it also rhymed with "New York Mets", the other team that played its games at Shea.
The New York Jets have won only one super bowl in 1969 , this victory was guaranteed by their QB, Joe Namath,  in the media in the weeks leading up to the game.
Sports in New Jersey
This is a list of settlements in Ontario, Canada.
Settlements are listed by the number of people living in them and by order of letters (A-Z).
1,000,000 or more
Toronto (2,503,281)
500,000 - 999,999
Hamilton (504,559)
Mississauga (704,000)
Ottawa (812,129)
Regional Municipality of York (892,712)
100,000 - 499,999
Barrie (128,430)
Brampton (433,806)
Burlington (164,415)
Cambridge (120,371)
Chatham-Kent (108,177)
Greater Sudbury (157,857)
Guelph (127,009)
Kingston (117,207)
Kitchener (204,668)
London (352,395)
Markham (261,573)
Oakville (165,613)
Oshawa (141,590)
Richmond Hill (162,704)
St. Catharines (131,989)
Sudbury, see Greater Sudbury
Thunder Bay (109,140)
Vaughan (238,866)
Whitby (111,184)
Windsor (216,473)
50,000 - 99,999
Ajax (90,167)
Brantford (90,192)
Caledon (57,050)
Clarington (77,820)
Halton Hills (55,289)
Kawartha Lakes (74,561)
Milton (53,939)
Newmarket (74,295)
Niagara Falls (82,181)
Norfolk County (62,563)
North Bay (53,966)
Peterborough (74,898)
Pickering (87,838)
Sarnia (71,419)
Marie (74,948)
Waterloo (97,475)
Welland (50,331)
10,000 - 49,999
Amherstburg (21,748)
Aurora (47,629)
Belleville (48,821)
Bowmanville (31,830)
Bracebridge (15,682)
Brockville (21,957)
Cobourg (18,210)
Collingwood (17,290)
Cornwall (45,965)
County of Brant (34,415)
Elliot Lake (11,549)
Fergus (10,017)
Fort Erie (29,925)
Gravenhurst (10,899)
Grimsby (24,240)
Haldimand County (45,212)
Huntsville (18,280)
LaSalle (25,285)
Leamington (28,833)
Lincoln (21,722)
Midland (16,300)
Niagara-on-the-Lake (14,587)
North Dundas (11,095)
Orangeville (26,925)
Orillia (30,259)
Owen Sound (21,753)
Pelham (16,155)
Port Colborne (18,599)
Quinte West (42,697)
South Dundas (10,535)
St. Clair (14,659)
Stratford (30,461)
Thorold (18,244)
Tillsonburg (14,822)
Timmins (42,997)
West Lincoln (12,268)
Woodstock, Ontario (35,480)
Woolwich (19,658)
1,000 - 9,999
Alliston (9,679)
Blind River (3,780)
Central Huron (7,806)
Central Manitoulin (1,944)
Chapleau (2,354)
Dysart et al, Ontario (5,966)
Espanola (5,314)
Forest (2,857)
Georgian Bay (2,340)
Goderich (7,563)
Iroquois Falls (4,729)
Lake of Bays (3,570)
Muskoka Lakes (6,000; up to 34,000 in summer)
North Dumfries (9,063)
Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands (2,531)
Plympton-Wyoming (7,506)
Southgate (7,107)
Wainfleet (6,258)
West Perth, Ontario (8,919)
999 or less
Assiginack (914)
Baldwin, Ontario (551)
Barrie Island (47)
Billings (551)
Burpee and Mills (362)
Cockburn Island (10)
Dawson (66)
Deer Lake (868)
Gordon (412)
Gore Bay (898)
Pickle Lake (479)
Robinson (204)
Tehkummah (382)
Please Note: All the populations shown on this page are city propers (where the city hall is), metropolitan area populations (if any) are higher than the populations shown on this page.
Ouida was the pen name of the English writer Maria Louise Ramé (although she preferred to be known as Marie Louise de la Ramée).
Ramé was born in Bury St. Edmunds, England, to a French father and an English mother.
Her pen name came from the way she pronounced her name when she was a child.
Two Little Wooden Shoes (1874)
Afternoon (1883)
An Altruist (1897)
Ariadne (1877)
Beatrice Boville and Other Stories (1868)
Bimbi: Stories for Children (1882)
Cecil Castlemaine's Gage (1867)
A Dog of Flanders (1872)
Chandos  (1866)
Critical Studies (1900)
Dogs (1897)
Don Guesaldo (1886)
Frescoes: Dramatic Sketches (1883)
Friendship (1878)
Folle-Farine  (1871)
Guilderoy (1889)
Helianthus  (1908)
Held in Bondage (1863)
A House Party (1887)
The Silver Christ and A Lemon Tree (1894)
Idalia (1867)
In a Winter City (1876)
In Maremma  (1882)
La Strega and Other Stories (1899)
Le Selve and Other Tales (1896)
The Massarenes (1897)
Moths (1880)
Muriella; or, Le Selve (1897)
The New Priesthood: A Protest Against Vivisection (1893)
Othmar (1885)
Pascarel (1874)
Pipistrello and Other Stories (1880)
Princess Napraxine (1884)
Puck (1870)
A Rainy June (1885)
Ruffino and Other Stories (1890)
Santa Barbara and Other Stories (1891)
Signa (1875)
The Silver Christ (1894)
Strathmore  (1865)
Street Dust and Other Stories (1901)
Syrlin (1890)
The Tower of Taddeo (1892)
Toxin (1895)
Tricotrin (1869)
Two Offenders and Other Tales (1894)
Under Two Flags  (1867)
Views and Opinions (1895)
A Village Commune  (1881)
Wanda (1883)
The Waters of Edera (1900)
Works by Ouida at Internet Archive
Works by Ouida  at The Victorian Women Writers Project
Théodore Géricault (September 26, 1791 – January 26, 1824) was an important French painter, known for The Raft of the Medusa and other paintings.
He was one of the people who started the Romantic movement.
His first big work, The Charging Chasseur, shown at the Paris Salon in 1812, showed the influence of the style of Rubens and an interest in contemporary topics.
Giada Pamela De Laurentiis is an Italian-American chef and host for Food Network TV shows.
She was born on August 22, 1970.
She is the granddaughter of movie director Dino De Laurentiis.
She was born in Rome and grew up in Los Angeles.
On May 25, 2003, she married Todd Thompson.
The two had been dating since July 1989.
The couple's only child is Jade Marie De Laurentiis-Thompson.
She was born on March 29, 2008.
On December 29, 2014, De Laurentiis announced on her website that she and Todd separated in July, and have decided to end their marriage.
She is also the voice of "Paulette", a character on the animated children's show Handy Manny.
Space Shuttle Challenger (OV-099) was the second space shuttle used by NASA to fly into outer space.
The shuttle broke up 73 seconds after take-off from Cape Canaveral on 28 January 1986.
All seven astronauts who were on it at the time were killed.
The crash happened because a rubber tube called an o-ring did not expand to fill a gap in one of the booster rockets, due to cold weather.
The Challenger was named after a Royal Navy ship that explored the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans from 1872 to 1876.
Challenger was also the name of the Apollo 17 Lunar Excursion Module.
Francis "Dick" Scobee (46)
Michael John Smith (40)
Judith Resnik (36)
Ellison Onizuka (39)
Ronald McNair (35)
Gregory Jarvis (41)
Christa McAuliffe (37), first teacher in space
1986 in the United States
New Horizons is a space probe launched by NASA on 19 January 2006, to the dwarf planet Pluto and on an escape trajectory from the Sun.
It is the first man-made spacecraft to go to Pluto.
Its flight took nine years.
It arrived at the Pluto-Charon system on July 14, 2015.
It flew near Pluto and took photographs and measurements while it passed.
At about 1 kilobit per second it took 15 months to transmit them back to Earth.