the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Fingering means: choosing which finger to use for each note when playing a piece on a musical instrument.
When learning to play a piece it is important to try to find a good fingering.
Once a good fingering has been found it should always be used so that the piece is always played in the same way and the fingers learn “where to go”.
Sometimes printed music has some fingering printed above the notes.
This can be helpful to the player, but it is not always necessary to use the printed fingering.
People’s hands are different and a fingering that is good for one player may not be good for another.
Fingering on keyboard instruments
When playing keyboard instruments the fingers are numbered from 1 to 5 on each hand: the thumb is 1, the index finger is 2, the middle finger is 3, the ring finger is 4 and the little finger is 5.
The fingers were not always numbered like that.
In Britain in the 19th century the thumb was shown by a cross (+) and the fingers were numbered from 1 to 4.
This was known as “English fingering” while the other way (from 1 to 5) was known as “Continental fingering”.
However, from the beginning of the 20th century the British used the normal 1 to 5 (Continental) fingering.
Ideas about fingering have changed during the history of music.
In the Baroque times (17th and early 18th centuries) French composers writing for the harpsichord often fingered scale passages 2 3 2 3 etc.
so that the notes were grouped (slurred) in twos.
Later this idea went out of fashion.
In the early 19th century  Carl Czerny wrote lots of studies for piano  which helped to exercise all the fingers equally.
This is how we learn to play the piano today.
Fingering for the organ is similar to fingering for the piano.
However, organists use a lot of “finger substitution” which means: changing to a different finger while a note is held down.
This is useful in music such as hymn tunes which have lots of chords.
It helps to make the music legato (smooth):  (a pianist can use the right pedal to make chords legato.)
An organist playing on the pedals also needs to decide which foot to use for each note.
This is called “footing”.
A v sign means: play with the toe, a square u sign means: play with the heel.
When these signs are placed above the note it means the right foot, below means for the left foot.
Fingering on string instruments
Fingering on string instruments will show which position to play in (i.e. how far down the fingerboard the hand is held).
The fingers are numbered from 1 to 4 because the thumb is behind the neck of the instrument.
The number 0 means: play an open string (not using the finger).
It is only the left hand which fingers the notes because the right hand is either plucking or bowing.
Bowed instruments like the violin have no markings on the fingerboard, so the player has to get used to the exact place to put the fingers, otherwise it will not be in tune.
Plucked instruments such as guitars and banjos have frets (little bumps on the fingerboard) which show where to put the fingers.
Sometimes the fingering printed or written in the music may also need to show which string to play on.
A tune that could be played in first position on a D string on the violin could also be played on the G string in fifth position (with the hand much higher up the fingerboard).
This is harder to do, but a good player can make it sound particularly warm and beautiful.
Sometimes notes can be fingered as harmonics instead of as ordinary stopped notes.
This makes them sound very light and airy.
Cellists can also play in “thumb position” if they have several notes which are high and quite near one another.
This means putting the thumb high up on the fingerboard, often across two strings.
The double bass is so big that the distances between the notes are very big too.
To go up from one note to the next (in semitones) they use finger 1, then 2, then 4.
Finger 3 is just helping finger 4 to press down on the string.
There are a few players who use a different fingering system: using fingers 1, 2, 3, 4.
This means that the hand has to stretch a lot.
It is difficult to play in tune like this, although it saves having to change the hand position so much.
Harp fingering
Harp music looks like piano music: there are two staves, one which usually has a treble clef for the right hand, the other with a bass clef for the left hand.
Some piano music can be played on the harp, but the piano fingering will not work.
On a piano, starting with the thumb and going along the fingers to the little finger means going to higher notes in the right hand and to lower notes in the left hand.
On the harp it is the other way round (the harpist sits with the high notes nearest to his body).
The thumb is numbered 1 and the fingers are 2, 3 and 4.
The little finger is not used in harp playing.
Woodwind fingering
In woodwind instruments there is normally one basic fingering, each note is a particular combination of fingers.
However at more advanced levels different fingerings can be used in order to create different effects.
Beginners’ books may have a fingering chart to show how to get the different notes.
A low F sharp on a descant recorder will be fingered 1 2 3 0 2 3.
This means: fingers 1, 2 and 3 of the left hand and fingers 2 and 3 of the right hand.
The first hole of the right hand position is left open.
On the recorder some of the notes, especially sharps and flats, have complicated fingering.
This is called “cross fingering”.
The flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon all have metal keys to help reach the low holes and to make it easier to play the sharps and flats.
The usual system for these keys was invented in the 19th century by Theobald Böhm.
Sometimes there is an “alternative fingering” for some notes.
This can be used to make it easier to play fast trills, but the usual fingering will sound better for normal notes.
Using good fingering
Good fingering is fingering which avoids moving the hand up and down unnecessarily.
It should also help the music to sound good e.g. legato music for smooth tunes, clear music for fast repeated notes.
The Rhön are a group of low mountains in central Germany, in the states Hesse, Bavaria and Thuringia.
They are the product of ancient volcanic activity and are separated from the Vogelsberg Mountains by the Fulda River and its valley.
These mountains are a popular tourist attraction.
Hikers come for the nearly 6,000 km (3,750 miles) of tracks through the picturesque scenery, and gliding has been done here since the early Twentieth century.
Nowadays people come here to stay on a farm during holidays, too.
Wasserkuppe 950 m (3,110 ft), (Hessian Rhön)
Kreuzberg (mountain) 928 m (3,040 ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
Schwabenhimmel 926 m (3,040 ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
Heidelstein 913 m (3,000 ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
Milseburg 835 m (2,740 ft) (Hessian Rhön)
Feuerberg 832 m (2,730 ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
Ellenbogen 814 m (2,670 ft) (Thuringian Rhön)
Rhön tourism portal
The Rhön hiking club (in German)
white pages and websites of Fulda and the hessian Rhön (in German)
360 degree virtual tour through the hessian Rhön (in German)
Orchids of the Rhön, with many informations about Rhön's nature (in German)
The LZ 129 Hindenburg was a large German airship, built in 1936.
It was named in honor of the  German field marshal and statesman Paul von Hindenburg.
Such airships are called Zeppelin.
Along with another Zeppelin, LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin, it was the biggest airship in the world at the time it was built.
The Zeppelin gained lots of publicity and became very famous.
The boxer Max Schmeling flew on it back to Germany after defeating Joe Louis in the United States.
It was also present during the opening ceremony of the 1936 Summer Olympics which were held in Berlin.
This attention was part of the Zeppelin company's plan to offer a fleet of their airships for trans-atlantic service.
The disaster
On May 6, 1937, the Hindenburg was landing in New Jersey after a transatlantic flight, when it burst into flames.
36 people died and many were injured.
The Hindenburg was destroyed by the burning of the hydrogen that was inside it.
There are many opinions on what started the fire.
An announcer, Herbert Morrison reported the landing and then screamed and said, "Oh the humanity" after it caught on fire.
Morrison's line is now famous around the world as well as photos and film footage of the disaster.
1930s in the United States
Disasters in the 20th century
20th century in New Jersey
Aviation disasters in the United States
The Vogelsberg Mountains are a group of low mountains in central Germany.
They are in the middle of the state of Hessen.
They are the product of ancient volcanic activity and are separated from the Rhön Mountains by the Fulda River and its valley.
The Vogelsberg is about 19 million years old.
It is Germany's only shield volcano.
It is the largest basalt formation of Central Europe.
It consists of many layers which fall downward from their peak in ring-shaped terraces to the base.
The highest mountains of the Vogelsberg are Taufstein, 773 m (2,536 ft), and Hoherodskopf, 763 m (2,503 ft).
Both are now in a national park, the Hoher Vogelsberg Nature Reserve.
The Fulda is a river in Hesse, Germany.
It is one of two headstreams of the Weser River (the other one being the Werra).
The Fulda River is 218 km in length.
The source is in the Rhön mountains.
From here it runs northwards through the Weserbergland hills and finally meets the Werra River close to Hannoversch Münden.
Gersfeld
Rotenburg
Melsungen
Emo is a kind of music which is short for "emotive hardcore."
The style first formed in the mid-1980s, taking the musical sounds of hardcore punk and post-hardcore and combining them with sad and sensitive lyricism (words) that emo has become so well known for.
In the mid 1990s, emo incorporated indie rock elements.
This ultimately made the emo bands of the 90's much less angry and 'punk-ish' and more dramatic, sometimes even acoustic.
Once emo became popular in the 2000s, it became shaped by pop-punk, (a mix of emo and pop punk exists, and is called "emo-pop") alternative rock and melodic hardcore.
As emo entered the mainstream, it became as tied to fashion as to the music genre.
The term "emo" is associated with wearing skinny jeans, as well as tight T-shirts (usually short-sleeved) or zip-up hoodies which often bear the names of emo bands.
Studded belts, converse sneakers, vans, and black wristbands also became associated with emo fashion.
Also, thick, horn-rimmed glasses remained in emo fashion.
In the mid-2000s, eyeliner and black fingernails became another common thing in emo fashion.
The most famous part of emo fashion is the emo hairstyle.
The emo hairstyle is flat, straight, and usually jet black hair with long bangs that often will cover a lot of the face.
This fashion has at times been characterized as a fad.
Emo fashion also has been often confused with goth fashion and scene fashion.
Examples of bands that emos have been known for listening to are My Chemical Romance, Hawthorne Heights, Silverstein, AFI, Dashboard Confessional, Simple Plan, Brand New, From First to Last, Armor for Sleep, Aiden, Senses Fail, Fall Out Boy, Taking Back Sunday, The Movielife, Death Cab for Cutie, The Used, Alesana, Finch, Panic!
at the Disco, and Paramore.
Three of the bands mentioned above are multi-platinum acts (My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boy, and Panic at the Disco) and they are known for making "emo-pop" music early in their careers.
They have, however, protested to belonging to the emo genre.
Criticism and controversy
People who associate themselves with emo tend to be looked at by society as anxious and emotional.
These types of people are looked at by society to be associated with depression, self-harm and suicide.
Some people explained the difference between emos and goths by saying that "emos hate themselves, while goths hate everyone."
Suicide and self harm
Some people believe emo is a bad thing.
A teenager named Hannah Bond died by hanging herself, blamed by both her mother, Heather Bond, and Hannah's coroner ("dead body analyst").
They both believed that emo music caused Hannah to think that suicide is good.
They noticed that Hannah appeared to really enjoy the song My Chemical Romance.
They noticed that she joined an "emo cult", and an image of an emo girl with bloody wrists was shown on her Bebo page.
It was reported that Hannah told her parents that her self-harm was an "emo initiation ceremony".
Heather Bond does not like emo culture: "There are 'emo' websites that show pink teddies hanging themselves."
After the results of her dead body are reported on the magazine NME, fans of emo music were complaining that the emo culture did not promote self-harm and suicide.
The band My Chemical Romance felt sad about Hannah's death, and spoke verbally that the band is both anti-violence and anti-suicide.
Gonadotropins (or Gonadotrophins) are hormones.
The two main hormones of the group are Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
Gonadotropins are hormones that tell the testicles to make sperm or the uterus to release an egg.
The DeLorean Motor Company was a car manufacturer formed by John DeLorean in 1975.
The company only made one car during its existence - the DMC-12, which has featured in the science fiction series Back to the Future as a time machine created by Doc Emmett Brown.
In 1957, John Z. DeLorean decided to create his own sport car.
It was one of his childhood dreams.
He created the DeLorean Motors Company near Belfast, Northern Ireland, and his project was helped by the British government.
His first car, the DMC-12, was produced in 1981.
When the car was publicly launched, the car was a success, and 6,539 DMC-12s were produced in 1981.
The car was expensive, and regarded as underpowered for its cost.
Production of the DMC-12 continued until 1983, when the DeLorean Motors Company had money problems.
John Z. De Lorean was later arrested by police for trafficking cocaine.
Production of DeLorean cars was stopped.
American automobile companies
A wedding is the ceremony in which two people become married.
It is usually between a man (the bridegroom) and a woman (the bride).
Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple, presentation of a gift (offering, rings, symbolic item, flowers, money, dress), and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant.
In some places, same-sex weddings are legal.
It is common for the couple involved in the wedding to exchange vows and to give each other rings.
Weddings are held in religious buildings or other sites such gardens or the home of the bride's parents.
Wedding customs in western societies
Pre-wedding customs
In the few days or weeks before a wedding, the bride will attend a "bridal shower" held in a friend's home.
She receives gifts for and advice about married life.
The groom will attend a "bachelor party" with his groomsmen.
This event marks his last night as a bachelor.
The party is usually held in a restaurant or club.
There is much drinking and merriment.
Strippers may entertain.
Porn movies may be viewed to educate the groom about his marital responsibilities.
A dinner is sometimes held for the parents of the couple.
A dinner for all the members of the wedding party is usually held the night before the wedding.
A traditional wedding ceremony in the western world usually consists of the couple exchanging vows before a government official such as a justice of the peace or a clergyperson such as a priest, minister, or pastor.
Nuns are not permitted to perform marriages.
Rings are exchanged between the married couple, following which they kiss.
Traditionally, the bride's church, synagogue, temple, or other religious centre, or the home of her parents is the site of her wedding.
Non-traditional couples choose various and unusual sites.
Some couples have married while snorkeling or skydiving.
Rich couples sometimes choose "destination weddings".
These couples pay for guests to attend their wedding at a romantic "destination" such as a Caribbean island.
There is often a party or banquet after the wedding called a reception.
This is also called the wedding breakfast as it is the first meal the married couple eat together.
During the reception, the couple greet friends and family, cut a cake, and have the first dance together.
The bride's garter is usually tossed to the groomsmen.
The bride's bouquet is tossed to the bridesmaids.
The couple depart the reception site in a car that is sometimes decorated with balloons, signs ("Just Married!"),
old shoes or tin cans tied to the rear bumper.
The bride usually wears a white dress.
White symbolizes virginity.
She sometimes wears a thin piece of white cloth on her head called a veil, or a wreath of flowers, a tiara, or other headdress.
The groom lifts the veil before or after the vows are taken.
The groom is usually dressed in formal attire.
After the wedding, the newlyweds usually take a trip, which is called a honeymoon.
Traditionally, the honeymoon was the time when the couple had their first sexual intercourse and established their sexual relationship.
Many, many couples in the western world today have had sexual intercourse long before the wedding, and the honeymoon has become a time of intimate relaxation before returning to work, debts, and other obligations.
Wedding Wishes
Marriage is the beautiful bond of souls bind together with eternal love, responsibility, rights, and obligations.
Marriage is more the living together.
It is about duty, commitment, understanding, and many more.
From the prehistoric time, it has been the traditions to celebrate the wedding day full of fun, excitements, presents, and beautiful blessings.
The bridesmaids are people that walk down the aisle before the bride and her father.
They often wear a dress the same colour as the bride's dress and they have a little flower bouquet like the bride.
Bridal shower
The bridal shower is similar to the bachelor party, but it is for the women.
Stargate SG-1 is a science fiction television program.
It takes place after the movie Stargate.
The show started on July 27, 1997 on the TV channel Showtime, from 1997-2002, and then on the TV channel Sci Fi, from 2002-2007.
The first episode,  "Children of the Gods" was two hours long and was rated R because of a scene of nudity.
It is the only episode in the series that was rated.
The show ended with the episode, "Unending" on March 13, 2007.
The show follows the missions of a secret military operation known as the Stargate Program.
It is run out of a base under Cheyenne Mountain, known as Stargate Command (commonly called the SGC).
The plot of the show revolves around the flagship team, called SG-1.
The team is made up of Colonel Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson), Dr. Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks), Major Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping), and Teal'c (Christopher Judge).
SciFi Channel Stargate Website
Stargate SG-1 Official Site
GateWorld
et:Tähevärav SG-1#Sarja tootmine
Stargate Atlantis is a television series.
It is a spin-off of the Stargate SG-1 series.
The series starts at the beginning of the eighth season of Stargate SG-1.
Mika McKinnon was a science adviser for this show and Stargate Universe.
The main subject of the seventh season of Stargate SG-1 was researching and locating the city of the Ancients.
At the end of the seventh season, SG-1 discovered that the city is on Earth, under the ices of Antarctica.
But it was in fact only a beachhead.
Doctor Daniel Jackson finds the coordinates of the real city.
Its name is Atlantis (the legendary ancient city), and it's in the Pegasus galaxy.
The address was hard to find because it needs eight chevrons, the seventh of which is used to indicate the galaxy.
MGM: Stargate Atlantis
SCI FI: Stargate Atlantis
Stargate Atlantis episode guide at GateWorld
Stargate Atlantis Links Directory at GateGuide
Canadian television series
Enchilada is a traditional Mexican dish.
The words comes from enchilar, which means add Chili peppers to something.
The traditional enchilada sauce mainly consists of Chile peppers.
The basis for the enchilada is tortilla, made from maize.
After that,a certain kind of meat (usually birds, like chicken or turkey) is added.
Some people also add onions and cheese.
Easy Enchiladas
Enchiladas Suiza
Enchiladas Verde(Green Enchiladas)
Breakfast Enchiladas
Enchilame
Sugar Sugar Rune(シュガシュガルーン) is a Japanese manga and anime.
It tells the story of two young witches who are in a competition together.
They are trying to become the new queen of their world.
Vanilla and Chocolat are two young witches who are sent in the humans world in order to decide who will become the new queen of their world.
Their goal is succeeding in getting colored hearts from boys by being nice to them.
When the boys fall in love with them, their feelings turn into a heart that the witches can take with a magic spell.
The hearts are different colors for different feelings, such as surprise, love, or jealousy.
Each heart can be used like money in their world, and some are worth more than others.
Vanilla and Chocolat go to school like regular humans, and they take the hearts of the boys that they see at school and at other places in town.
They can also get a heart that represents friendship from other girls, and they learn that it is important for the future Queen to be able to be nice to girls as well as boys.
Also, Vanilla and Chocolat are friends, and they decide that they will stay friends no matter who becomes the queen of their world at the end of the competition.
There are bad guys in their world, though.
They are called Ogres, and they like to make people feel jealous of one another or make people hate each other.
They use the "Black Hearts" that those bad emotions make as power, and they want to take over the magical world that Vanilla and Chocolat come from.
The story shows the competition between Chocolat and Vanilla and how their people handle the Ogres that try to stop their competition.
Chocolat Meilleure : (Chocolat Katô in the world of the humans.)
Chocolat is a young witch with a lot of charisma.
She is funny and not shy at all.
Her personality make her liked in her world, but in her new school, the boys prefer a shy girl like Vanilla.
She has a quick temper that scares human boys, but she is not truly cruel-hearted.
Later on in the story, some of the boys start to like her.
Two boys from her own world also like her a lot and want her to be the queen of their world.
Chocolat's mother was also in a competition to become the queen before Chocolat was born, but she died when Chocolat was a baby.
Chocolat has a crush on Pierre.
Vanilla Mieux : (Vanilla Ice in the world of the humans).
Vanilla is the best-friend of Chocolat.
She is very shy.
She tries to be nice to everyone, but sometimes the boys want her to like them instead of everyone at once.
Vanilla's mother is the queen of their world, and she is a very nice person who helps Vanilla and Chocolat from time to time.
Rockin' Robin : Robin is a wizard from Vanilla and Chocolat's world, and the girls in the human world like him a lot.
His job is to help Vanilla and Chocolat while they compete to become the queen of their world.
He gives them advice about living with humans.
Pierre He is a cold boy who is not innocent as he looks.
He is popular with the girls in Chocolat's world, but he is an evil Ogre (an evil race of wizards and witches).
He even tries to kill Chocolat once.
He has a fan club of pretty, but cruel girls.
Eventually, he starts to warm up and Chocolat saves him and he becomes good again.
He likes Chocolat romantically.
Byzantine art is a form of Christian Greek art of the Eastern Roman Empire from about the 5th century until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. (
The Roman Empire during this period is known as the Byzantine Empire.)
But the term can also be for other the art of countries who shared their culture with the Byzantine Empire.
This can include Bulgaria, Serbia, and Rus.
The Republic of Venice and Kingdom of Sicily, can also be included even though they were part of western European culture.
Art produced by Balkan and Anatolian Christians who lived in the Ottoman Empire is often called "post-Byzantine."
Certain traditions that began in the Byzantine Empire, particularly icon painting and church architecture, are still current in Greece, Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries.
The Glory of Byzantium.
Exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Hel is one of the nine worlds of Norse mythology.
It is where the mortal dead gather after life if their death was dishonourable.
Its ruler is the goddess Hel.
Hel is located under the roots of the tree Yggdrasil.
It can be reached via the river Gjöll.
A bridge spans this river which is guarded by the giantess Modgrudr.
Garm, a dog, guards the entrance to the castle of Hel.
He only lets the dead souls enter however they cannot leave.
A rooster is the companion of Garm.
Its purpose in the realm of the gods is to wake them for Ragnarök, this rooster will also wake the souls of the dead.
The dragon Nidhögg eats from the corpses of deceased criminals.
The wolf Fenrir also joins in on this feast.
Settlements in the Northwest Territories
Yield stress in mechanical engineering and rheology
Biological
Stress (biology), medical or psychological stress; types of medical stress include:
Stress (psychological), a feeling of mental strain or pressure
Chronic stress, persistent stress which can lead to illness and mental disorder
Eustress, positive stress that can lead to improved long-term functioning
Accent (music)
Stress (band), an early '80s melodic rock band from San Diego
Stress (Neo-Psychedelic band), from the late 1980s
Stress, a song by the French band Justice on their debut album † (album)
Stress (game), card game
Stress (linguistics), phonological use of prominence in language
The tabulating machine was a machine used to make the 1890 United States census.
It was made by Herman Hollerith.
Hollerith's machine used punched cards to store information with by categorisation.
FreeBASIC is a programming language like QuickBASIC.
It is free and open source.
It has many advanced things that other BASIC programming languages do not have.
FreeBASIC can make graphical programs or console mode programs.
It runs on DOS, Linux, and Microsoft Windows.
Bohrium is a chemical element.
At the periodic table of the elements it is at position 107.
Mendeleev predicted that Bohrium would exist.
He called the element eka-rhenium because of its location was near Rhenium in the Periodic Table.
The chemistry of bohrium is like the chemistry of rhenium.
WebElements.com - Bohrium
Fermium (symbol Fm) is a chemical element.
It has an atomic number of 100, which makes it at position 100 at the periodic table.
Fermium cannot be found in nature; it has to be made.
Scientists can create it by combining plutonium with neutrons at very high speeds and temperatures.
It is named after Enrico Fermi.
Albert Ghiorso and other scientists at the University of California, Berkeley first discovered fermium.
They found the element in the fallout from the explosion of the first successful hydrogen bomb test.
This test was on November 1, 1952.
In the fallout, scientists also discovered another new element, Einsteinium.
Because of the Cold War, the US military did not allow the scientists to publish their results in a scientific journal.
However, they conducted other studies and published their research in 1954.
The studies of nuclear fallout were declassified and published in 1955.
A group in the Nobel Institute for Physics in Stockholm also discovered isotopes of this element before the research of the Berkeley scientists was published.
However, most agree that the Berkeley scientists were the first to discover fermium.
Potash is a generic term for a chemical compound.
It means the mixture of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate left over in ashes.
The wood was burnt to produce ashes, which were dissolved in water.
The potash was then reacted with fat to produce soap.
A broadcasting organization, one responsible for the production of radio and television programs and/or their transmission.
A program presenter of any television or radio.
A sports commentator on television or radio.
Fender Telecaster, first known as the Broadcaster, a guitar made by Fender.
A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the particle movement is parallel to the direction of the wave propagation.
This means that the particles move left and right which in turn makes the other particles start to oscillate.
This creates a wave.
Longitudinal waves are also called pressure waves, and sound waves are the most common kinds.
Southbridge is a city in the American state of Massachusetts.
The city's nickname is "The Eye of the Commonwealth".
It has a population of about 18,000.
Southbridge has a lot of history and tradition.
The city was once home to the largest optical manufacturer in the world: American Optical.
American Optical moved somewhere in Mexico where workers would be paid smaller wages.
It is now called the Mexican Optical.
Southbridge has a great economy.
It is often called a mixing pot of cultures.
There are many different ethnic groups in Southbridge.
The Tibetan language is a language spoken in Tibet, a region of China.
It is one of the main Han–Tibetan languages.
Tibetan has many dialects.
People who speak different dialects often cannot easily communicate with each other orally.
bn:তিব্বতি ভাষা
Aschaffenburg (; East Franconian: Aschebersch []) is a German city in the west of Franconia.
It has a population of about 68,000.
It is a part of the European metropolitan area of Frankfurt am Main.
In sports, a Most Valuable Player award is an honour given to the player or players of a team that performed better than the other players throughout a league or contest.
It was first used in professional sports, but is now used a lot in amateur sports and other things unrelated to sports, such as business and music awards.
A similar award used in sports, often in soccer, is man of the match.
Sports words
Montel Vontavious Porter, an American professional wrestler
Mitral valve prolapse, a heart valve disease
MVP: Most Valuable Primate, a 2000 comedy movie
Microsoft Most Valuable Professional, an award given by Microsoft
MVP (band), a rap music band from New York
A stoat (Mustela erminea) is a small mammal of the family Mustelidae.
It is also called a short tailed weasel.
It is bigger than a weasel.
Stoats in their white winter coat are also called ermines.
They can grow to be as long as 30 centimeters (a foot long).
They eat other small animals and bird eggs, and can kill animals bigger than themselves.
They can also store food for later.
They kill by biting the neck of their prey at the place where the skull attaches to the rest of the body.
Stoats are long and thin with short legs, small ears, and thick warm fur.
Their fur is brown, but changes to white in the winter.
The tail has a black tip all year round.
The whiskers are brown or white in colour, and very long.
Stoats have a good sense of smell, and they hunt using smell.
They do not see color as well as humans, but they can see better at night.
Males are 187–325 mm (7.4–12.8 in) in length.
Females are 170–270 mm (6.7–10.6 in) in length.
The tail is 75–120 mm (3.0–4.7 in) in males.
The tail is 65–106 mm (2.6–4.2 in) in females.
Males weigh 258 grams (9.1 oz).
Females weigh less than 180 grams (6.3 oz).
Stoats are largely crepuscular, meaning that they are most active during dawn and dusk, though they spread out their activity in short bursts during the day and night as well.
Stoats can spray a bad smelling fluid when they are scared.
They are also good at climbing trees.
The stoat does not dig its own burrows.
Instead it uses the burrows of the rodents it kills.
The skins and underfur of the rodents it kills are used to line the nest chamber.
The nest chamber is sometimes found in places that doesn't look like a good place to live in, such as among logs piled against the walls of houses.
The stoat also lives in old and rotting stumps, under tree roots, in heaps of brushwood, haystacks, in bog hummocks, in the cracks of empty mud buildings, in rock piles, rock clefts, and even in magpie nests.
The stoat lives by hunting.
It usually hunts large rodents and lagomorphs.
It will attack animals much larger than itself.
In Russia, its prey includes rodents and lagomorphs such as European water voles, common hamsters, pikas.
It overpowers them in their burrows.
It also eats small birds, fish, and shrews and, more rarely, amphibians, lizards, and insects.
In Great Britain, European rabbits are an important source of food.
Stoats that live in Great Britain rarely kill shrews, rats, squirrels and water voles, though rats may be an important source of food locally.
In Ireland, shrews and rats are frequently eaten.
In North America, where the ecological niche for rat and rabbit sized prey is taken by the larger long-tailed weasel, the stoat hunts mice, voles, shrews, and young cottontail.
In New Zealand, the stoat mostly feeds on birds, including the rare kiwi, kaka, mohua, yellow-crowned parakeet, and New Zealand dotterel.
Stoats live in temperate, subarctic northern areas.
They live in parts of Europe, Asia, and North America.
They were brought to New Zealand to kill rabbits.
Unfortunately, they also killed many of the native New Zealand birds.
The stoat lives throughout North America, Europe, and Asia, from Greenland and the Canadian and Siberian Arctic islands.
Stoats in North America are found throughout Alaska and Canada south through most of the northern United States to central California, northern Arizona, northern New Mexico, Iowa, the Great Lakes region, New England, and Pennsylvania, but are absent from most of the Great Plains, and the Southeastern United States.
The stoat in Europe is found as far south as in Portugal.
It also lives in most islands with the except Iceland, Svalbard, the Mediterranean islands and some small North Atlantic islands.
In Japan, it is lives in the central mountains (northern and central Japan Alps) to northern part of Honshu (mainly above 1,200 m) and Hokkaidō.
Stoats live alone and are territorial.
The gestation period is usually around 300 days.
After mating in the summer, the kits will not be born until the following spring.
Female stoats spend almost all their lives either pregnant or in heat.
They mate once a year and have several babies, which are called kits.
The kits may not develop for 8–9 months after the female becomes pregnant.
When weather conditions are good and there is plenty of food, the kits begin to grow and are born within a month.
The males do not help raise the babies.
Males become sexually mature at 10–11 months.
Females become sexually mature at the age of 2–3 weeks whilst still blind, deaf and hairless.
An icon , from the Greek word for image, is a picture of something holy or divine.
Icons in this sense are in use mainly in Eastern Christianity.
Look in the article Icon for this meaning.
Iconography is the study of all types of images, such as their history and meaning.
This is mostly used in art history.
The word can also mean symbolism.
In other use, an icon is a Pictogram for an object, facility, control, political party, government, or something like this.
See Icon (secular).
Icon (magazine), a British magazine about building architecture and design
Icon (album), a music album by John Wetton and Geoff Downes
Icon (Paradise Lost album), a music album by British band Paradise Lost.
Icon (novel), a book by Frederick Forsyth
Icon (film), a film based on the book by Frederick Forsyth
Icon (comics), a comic book and its title character published by Milestone Media
ICON (journal), an annual journal of the International Society for the History of Technology (ICHOTEC)
Icons (TV series), a television documentary on TV channel G4
"Icon" (Stargate SG-1), an episode of Stargate SG-1
Cultural icon, something which is emblematic of a given culture
Computer icon, a pictogram used in the interface to represent a program, file, user, or other things.
Icon-based game, a game that uses many icons
Icon programming language, a programming language
Unisys ICON, a computer developed for the Ontario school system.
Icon Productions, Mel Gibson's film production company.
ICON convention, the name of several annual science fiction conventions
iCon Steve Jobs, a biography of Apple Computer founder and CEO Steve Jobs
Iconicity, a concept in linguistics
DAAS Icon, a music album by the Doug Anthony All Stars
Dungeons & Dragons iconic characters, Dungeons & Dragons characters representing different types in the game
An icon (from the Greek language: , eikon, "image") is an image, picture, or representation which has a religious meaning.
It is a sign or a likeness that stands for a real object or person.
Although the word icon can be used for images of other religions, it is most often used to describe a painting on a wooden panel that has been done in the Orthodox Christian tradition, and may also be used for carved ivory panels and panels of silver or gold.
These icons show a holy being such as Jesus, Mary, a saint or an angel.
They also show scenes from the Bible such as the Crucifixion and scenes from lives of the saints.
In Orthodox Christianity an icon is thought of as a window through which a person can get a view of God's truth.
How a Christian Orthodox icon is painted
The traditional way of making an icon was used in Egypt in Early Christian times to make portraits of dead people to use for their funerals.
Like icons, these funeral portraits were done on a wooden panel and the paint was mixed with yolk of egg.
From the time that Christianity was made legal by Constantine the Great in the early 300s, artists began to use the same method for painting holy pictures.
It was always hoped that a painting would last for a long time, so everything had to be very carefully prepared.
A board had to be chosen that would not crack or warp (bend), and which did not have any knotty bits that might fall out.
The board was sanded smooth and then coated with a gluey paint called "size" which would hold the coloured paint well, but stop the expensive colours from being soaked up by the wood.
The artist would prepare the paints very carefully.
Some of the colours were made from gound-up semi-precious stones.
Others were made from chemicals.
Before the artist could start on the panel, he had to prepare the design.
It was not important for the artist to think of something new and different.
It was much more important that he could copy another icon very accurately.
The same designs were used over and over.
Although all icons were thought of as a window to Heaven, some icons were believed to have special properties.
It was believed that praying and lighting candles before some icons would bring healing, or the help of the saint who was shown in the picture.
These icons became very famous and were often copied.
After the artist had drawn the design onto the surface of the size in thin green or brown paint, he would put the paint on in  layers, building up the colours bit by bit.
Most of the colours were quite transparent and this made the painting look glowing.
When the figures were finished the artist would set the work in a wooden frame and "gild" it by covering the background with a little pieces of gold leaf that had been beaten into very thin sheets.
When a candle was lit near the icon, it shone on the gold surface and made the figures stand out.
Icons in other religions
In Hinduism there is much use of sacred objects because there is a belief in murti, the idea that the Spirit of God can be present in an icon (or holy object).
Online exhibitions of over 1000 ancient icons
Icons of Mount Athos
Russian Icons from 12th to 18th century
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America: Icons
Gallery of icons, murals and mosaics (mostly Russian) from 11th to 20th century
Two 19th century Russian icons depicting Saint Nicholas
Sacred Icons painted by the famous artist David Ongaro
The Iconic and Symbolic in Orthodox Iconography
Church of the Nativity - Explanation of Orthodox Christian Icons
On the difference of Western Religious Art and Orthodox Iconography
Romanian glass icons
Catholic Encyclopedia: "Veneration of Images"
Theology of Icons: a Protestant Perspective
Eastern Christianity means the Christian traditions and churches which developed in Greece, the Balkans, Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East, East Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity.
That are especially five families of churches: the Assyrian Church of the East, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Eastern Catholic Churches, and Eastern Protestant Christianity.
On the other hand, there are the Western traditions of Christianity which mainly represented by the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, and most non-Eastern Protestant denominations.
Eastern Christian Churches
Eastern Catholics  Information concerning Christians of Eastern rites who are in communion with, and under the jurisdiction of, the Pope, the Bishop of Rome.
A site advocating unity between Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Christians.
Eastern Christian Bible Resources - contains Lamsa Bible and more
Love Hina is a Japanese manga.
It was created by Ken Akamatsu.
It tells the story Keitarô Urashima.
Urashima is a Japanese student who tried to enter the famous university of Tokyo (Todai or Tokyô Daigaku).
Love Hina exists also as an animated series.
Keitarô Urashima is a 19-year-old boy who tries to study at the well known university of Todai.
He tried three times and failed.
He finally decides to go to the hotel of his aunt, the Hinata Hotel.
When he got to the hotel, he found that it has been changed into a girls' hotel.
The first time he met the people living in the hotel, they were not very happy to see him.
Slowly, they began to accept him, even if he is clumsy and a pervert.
Keitarô Urashima: Keitarô is a 19-year-old boy who tries to study at Todai.
He failed three times.
When he was younger, Keitarô and a young girl made a promise to enter Todai when they were older.
Keitarô still remembers this but cannot remember who this young girl was or what her name was.
Naru Narusegawa: Naru is a 17-year-old girl.
She was accepted to Todai.
She is the best of her class.
She has a bad temper and hits Keitarô when she is angry.
Mutsumi Otohime: Mutsumi is a nice 20-year-old girl.
She is clumsy and forgets things.
Shinobu Maehara: Shinobu is a 14-year-old girl.
She loves to clean and cook.
Motoko Aoyama: Motoko is a 15-year-old girl.
She is violent.
She sometimes hits Keitarô with her sword.
The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (often shortened to SNES or Super NES) is a 16-bit video game console created by Nintendo, released first in 1990.
It is the sucessor to the NES.
It was called the Super Famicom in Japan, and the Super Comboy in South Korea.
The console can display 2D graphics, with some limited support for 3D graphics with the Super FX chip.
Super NES games are loaded from a cartridge.
The major competitor for the Super Nintendo was the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, but it also competed with the Panasonic 3D0.
Notable Games
The  is a 32-bit video game console made by Sega.
It was released in Japan on November 22 1994, in the United States on May 11 1995, and in Europe on July 8 1995.
Games were released on CD-ROMs.
It is followed by the Dreamcast.
The Saturn was the first Sega video game console which can display 3D graphics.
Accessories were available for the Sega Saturn, including a gun controller which was used to play Virtua Cop, and an analog controller.
Japanese models
The Sega Saturn was quite popular in Japan, because of the commercial with Segata Sanshiro, a man who devoted his life to the Sega Saturn.
The Japanese Sega Saturn was black, and it was later changed to gray.
European/North American models
In North America, the Saturn was not nearly as popular as it was in Japan.
When it was first released, there were only a few games available, because the console's strange technology made it difficult to program for.
That caused the PlayStation to be more popular in Europe.
Another problem was that Sega released the Saturn sooner than they intended to, but did not tell shops about the new release date, meaning that many of them did not sell the Saturn at all out of anger.
Sega had also made other consoles to try and be the first to use new technology, such as the Sega CD (an early console with games that came on CDs) and the Sega 32X (with better graphics than Sega's previous consoles), leaving some gamers without enough money to buy all three systems or angry at Sega for abandoning the 32X when the Saturn was released.
Iðunn is a goddess in Norse Mythology.
She is the goddess of youth, wife of Bragi, god of poetry.
She guards the golden apples.
These apples are eaten by the Norse gods to let them live until Ragnarok (the battle of the end of the world).
GoldenEye 007 is a first-person shooter video game on the Nintendo 64.
Its story is based on the 1995 movie GoldenEye.
The main character of the game is James Bond, Agent 007.
It is a 3D first person shooter style game.
Its multiplayer mode is also very popular.
The game has received a very positive reception and is often said to be one of the best games ever made.
In November 2010, a remake of the game was released for the Nintendo Wii and Nintendo DS.
However, it was not received as positively and it was criticized.
There are 20 levels in the game, which are separated into 9 missions.
Some missions only have one level while others have many.
There are also 2 bonus missions.
Mission 1 : Arkhangelsk – Bond is sent to help fellow agent Alec Trevelyan (Agent 006) in a secret laboratory.
Mission 2 : Severnaya - Bond must sneak into a bunker and steal a key for the  satellite.
Mission 3 : Kyrgyzstan - Bond is sent to destroy a Silo and prevent rockets from taking off.
Mission 4 : Monte Carlo - Bond goes aboard a Frigate to rescue hostages and plant a tracker on an enemy helicopter.
Mission 5 : Severnaya - Bond returns to the same place as Mission 2 and rescues the heroine, Natalya.
Mission 6 : St Petersburg - Bond learns that 006 is the leader of Janus, a crime group that is using the satellite for evil.
Bond is later arrested, but breaks out and chases 006.
Mission 7 : Cuba - Bond follows 006 to Cuba and fights in a final showdown with his former friend.
Mission 8 : Teotihuacán - Bond goes to an ancient Aztec temple to blow up a secret rocket facility.
It uses designs from the 1979 Bond movie Moonraker.
Mission 9 : el-Saghira - Bond visits a temple in Egypt to track down the evil Baron Samedi, a character from the 1973 Bond movie Live and Let Die.
The game is one of the world's most highly acclaimed first-person shooter games and has been rated highly on many lists.
Screwattack.com for instance put it first on its list of top ten first-person shooter games, taking the title away from games like Halo and Half Life 2.
The following is a list of dinosaurs.
Some of them, such as Archaeopteryx, are considered to be birds.
Some doubtful Mesozoic birds are included in this list.
Aachenosaurus – a piece of petrified wood
Abdallahsaurus – nomen nudum, probably Giraffatitan
Abrosaurus
Abydosaurus
Achelousaurus
Acheroraptor
Achillesaurus
Acristavus
Acrotholus
Actiosaurus – a choristoderan
Adelolophus
Adeopapposaurus
Adynomosaurus
Aepisaurus
Aepyornithomimus
Aerosteon
Aetonyx – possible junior synonym of Massospondylus
Afromimus
Agathaumas - possible synonym of Triceratops
Aggiosaurus – a metriorhynchid crocodilian
Agnosphitys - a silesaurid dinosauromorph
Agrosaurus – probably a junior synonym of Thecodontosaurus
Ahshislepelta
Airakoraptor - nomen nudum
Ajancingenia - synonym of Heyuannia
Akainacephalus
Albalophosaurus
Albertaceratops
Albertadromeus
Albertavenator
Albertonykus
Albinykus
Albisaurus – a non-dinosaurian reptile
Alcovasaurus
Aletopelta
Algoasaurus
Aliwalia – junior synonym of Eucnemesaurus
Alnashetri
Alocodon
Altirhinus
Alwalkeria
Amargastegos - nomen nudum
Amargatitanis
‘’Ambopteryx’’
Ammosaurus - junior synonym of Anchisaurus
Ampelosaurus
Amphicoelicaudia – nomen nudum; possibly Huabeisaurus
Amphisaurus – preoccupied name, now known as Anchisaurus
Amtocephale
Amtosaurus – possibly Talarurus
Amurosaurus
Amygdalodon
Anasazisaurus
Anatosaurus – junior synonym of Edmontosaurus
Anatotitan – junior synonym of Edmontosaurus
Andesaurus
Andhrasaurus - nomen nudum
Angaturama – probable junior synonym of Irritator
Angloposeidon – nomen nudum
Angolatitan
Angulomastacator
Anhuilong
Aniksosaurus
Animantarx
Ankistrodon – a proterosuchid archosauriform
Anodontosaurus
Anomalipes
Anoplosaurus
Anserimimus
Antarctopelta
Antarctosaurus
Antetonitrus
Anthodon – a pareiasaur