the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The team will continue to be located in Brackley, United Kingdom.
Brackley is less than 30 miles away from Mercedes' Formula One engine plant in Brixworth.
Nico Rosberg was announced as the team's first driver on November 23, 2009.
On December 23, 2009, seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher announced that he will be returning to Formula One with the Mercedes team.
Brawn's former drivers Jenson Button joined McLaren, and Rubens Barrichello joined Williams team for 2010.
With the acquisition of Brawn, Mercedes parted ways with McLaren.
The 40% stake that Daimler (which owns Mercedes) has in McLaren will be sold back to the McLaren Group for a reported £500m.
One reason given for Mercedes parting with McLaren was "because of McLaren's ambitious plans to build road cars".
McLaren plan to put the McLaren MP4-12C in production by 2011.
Mercedes has said it would continue to supply engines to McLaren until 2015.
In December 2009, the team suffered an early setback when it was discovered that an eighty million pound sponsorship arrangement that had been signed by Brawn with the German company Henkel was invalid.
Henkel claimed they were unaware of the deal and were not interested in Formula One.
They said the deal was made by a former Henkel employee on stolen company stationery to defrauding the company.
On December 22, Henkel announced that the dispute with the Mercedes had been resolved with a mutual agreement and that legal action would not be pursued.
Henkel plans to work with the German Prosecutor's Office to clarify the matter.
On December 21, the team announced that Malaysian oil supplier Petronas would join the team as the main sponsor.
The team will compete under the full title of Mercedes GP Petronas Formula One Team.
According to some reports, ⁣ the sponsorship is worth thirty million Euros each year.
Together with the fifty million the team received for winning the 2009 championship as Brawn, Mercedes has a budget of eighty million Euros before spending any of their own money.
On January 25, 2010, the team's livery (paint scheme) was publicly unveiled at the Mercedes museum in Stuttgart, with Schumacher and Rosberg in attendance.
The car races in Mercedes' traditional silver colors and retains Brawn GP sponsor MIGfx and adds investment group Aabar to its list of sponsors.
Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team official website
Today Germania is in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg.
19th-century paintings
Philipp Veit (13 February 1793 – 18 December 1877) was a German Romantic painter.
One of Veit's most important paintings was Germania in 1848.
Veit was born in Berlin, Prussia.
He was the son of a banker Simon Veit
Pöcking is a municipality in Germany.
It is in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria.
The Prince of Austria-Hungary, Otto von Habsburg, lived there until his death on July 4, 2011.
The BMW Compact is an automobile made by BMW in two generations from 1994 until 2004.
It was replaced by the 1 Series in 2004.
316i 75 kW (102 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
318ti 103 kW (140 hp)
323ti 125 kW (170 hp)
318tds 66 kW (90 hp)
Second generation (2001–2004)
316ti 85 kW (115 hp)
318ti 105 kW (143 hp)
325ti 141 kW (192 hp)
318td 85 kW (115 hp)
320td 110 kW (150 hp)
The Volkswagen Jetta Mk2 is the second generation of the Volkswagen Jetta.
It successed the Mk1 in 1984, and were in 1992 successed by the Vento.
1.3 40 kW (55 hp)
1.6 51 kW (70 hp), 53 kW (72 hp) and 55 kW (75 hp)
1.8 62 kW (84 hp) and 66 kW (90 hp)
1.8 66 kW (90 hp)
1.8 Syncro 72 kW (98 hp)
1.8 GT 79 kW (107 hp) and 82 kW (112 hp)
1.8 GT 16V 95 kW (129 hp) and 102 kW (139 hp)
1.6 D 40 kW (54 hp)
1.6 TD 44 kW (60 hp), 51 kW (70 hp) and 59 kW (80 hp)
Jetta Mk2
The Alfa Romeo 159 is a car produced by Alfa Romeo.
It succeeded the 156 in 2005.
Production ceased in 2011.
It was eventually replaced in 2016 with the Giulia.
1750 TBi 147 kW (200 hp)
1.8 MPI 103 kW (140 hp)
1.9 JTS 118 kW (160 hp)
2.2 JTS 136 kW (185 hp)
3.2 JTS 191 kW (260 hp)
1.9 JTDM 8V 88 kW (120 hp)
1.9 JTDM 16V 110 kW (150 hp)
2.0 JTDM 16V 100 kW (136 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
2.4 JTDM 20V 147 kW (200 hp) and 154 kW (210 hp)
Damselflies are insects in the order Odonata.
They are similar to dragonflies, but are in a separate suborder, the Zygoptera.
There are 20 families of damselfly. "
Demoiselle" is another name for damselflies.
The wings of most damselflies are held along, and parallel to, the body when at rest.
There are also damselfly families in which the wings are held open, as in the true dragonflies (Anisoptera).
Damselflies are also usually smaller, weaker fliers than dragonflies.
Their eyes are well separated by more than their own diameter.
Another distinction is that their forewings and hindwings look similar; this is not the case in the true dragonflies.
Like dragonflies, damselflies cannot walk, but only land.
Their life cycle is also similar.
They have incomplete metamorphosis, with an aquatic nymph.
The nymph is carnivorous, as is the adult.
Damselflies have existed since the later Carboniferous (early forms may be put in the Protozygoptera by some authorities).
They are found on every continent except Antarctica.
One feature of their life is different from dragonflies.
Not only do their nymphs grow in rivers, but the adults usually keep close to the river, and live in colourful little groups.
Most damselflies live their lives within a short distance of where they were hatched.
They are often brilliantly coloured, but when they land on a bush, out of direct sunlight, they are not easy to see.
They land and close their wings at the same instant.
They have eyes which detect movement well, and they fly off if anything moves nearby.
Thus, although they are fragile and highly coloured, they are not easily caught by predators.
Klinefelter syndrome, 47, XXY, or XXY syndrome is a genetic disorder where people have an extra number of X chromosomes.
People who have Klinefelter's Syndrome are often called "XXY Males", or "47, XXY Males".
Males who have this condition are almost always infertile.
This means that they cannot father babies.
In other organisms
Other males can have Klinefelter's Syndrome as well as humans.
The mouse is one example.
Tortoiseshell or calico markings on male cats are an indicator of Klinefelter's syndrome.
These cats are considered to be the model organism for Klinefelter syndrome, because the gene for a cat's orange/black coat markings is found on the X chromosome.
ro:Cromozomul X#Sindromul Klinefelter (47,XXY sau 48,XXXY)
First, it means Cuban event of African style, the rumba genre of Afro-Cuban music.
This use of the term 'rumba' is quite different from the Latin ballroom dance.
Second, it refers to one of the Latin ballroom dances.
In this sense, the Rumba is the slowest of the five competitive International Latin dances.
The Paso doble, the Samba, the Cha-cha-cha and the Jive are the others.
This ballroom Rumba was also danced in Cuba to a rhythm they call the bolero-son.
The international style was derived from studies of dance in Cuba in the pre-revolutionary period.
Rumba outside Cuba
The Peanut Vendor was the first recording of Cuban music to become an international hit.
It was described on the label as a rumba, perhaps because the word son would not be understood in English.
The label stuck, and a 'rumba craze' developed through the 1930s.
This kind of rumba was introduced into dance salons in America and Europe in the 1930s, and was characterized by variable tempo, sometimes nearly twice as fast as the modern ballroom Rumba.
Ballroom Rumba
The modern style of dancing the Rumba derives from studies made by dance teacher Monsieur Pierre (Pierre Zurcher-Margolle).
Pierre, then from London, visited Cuba in 1947, 1951 and 1953 to find out how and what Cubans were dancing at the time.
The international ballroom Rumba is a slower dance of about 120 beats per minute which corresponds, both in music and in dance to what the Cubans of an older generation called the bolero-son.
It is easy to see why, for ease of reference and for marketing, rumba is a better name, however inaccurate.
It is the same kind of reason that led later on to the use of salsa as an overall term for popular music of Cuban origin.
All social dances in Cuba involve a hip-sway over the standing leg and, though this is hardly noticeable in fast salsa, it is more pronounced in the slow ballroom rumba.
Walter Laird put it like this:
[After taking a step to the side] "Transfer full weight to this foot allowing the pelvis to move sideways and back so that the weight is felt to be near the heel of the standing foot.
The knee of the supporting leg is locked back".p9
In general, steps are kept compact and the dance is danced without any rise and fall.
The basic figures derive from dance moves observed in Havana in the pre-revolutionary period, and have developed their own life since then.
Competition figures are often complex, and this is where competition dance separates from social dance.
Details can be obtained from the syllabi of dance teaching organizations and from standard texts.
Basic international Rumba demonstrated by Bryan Watson and Karen Hardy, former World Professional champions.
A more advanced version by the same pair:
The Gadget Show is a British television series.
It focuses on technology and is shown on Channel 5.
It has progressed from 30 minutes to 1 hour long.
Each week there is a challenge, usually starring main presenter Suzi Perry and Jason Bradbury, and numerous tests, as well as some new features such as Top Five, The Wall of Fame and Focus Group.
Also, there is a huge prize fund available to win if viewers phone in and answer a multiple-choice question.
The show tries to have enough information but not too much so that it bores people.
It is hosted in a studio.
Series 20 began on 14 October 2013.
Bullfighting is an old sport.
Today it is mostly done in Spain, and in Portugal, and some countries of South America.
The Spanish bullfight (Corrida de toros) is a fight to the death.
The modern bullfight has a ritual.
It has three distinct stages, the start of each being signalled by a trumpet.
The bullfighters (Toreros) enter the arena in a parade, to Paso doble music.
The rules, costumes and traditions were sorted out by Paquiro (Francisco Montes Reina, 13 January 1804  4 April 1851, the greatest matador of his time.
A team of bullfighters is seven men.
The leader is the matador, and he has six assistants, who play roles in the drama.
Bullfighters' costumes are inspired by 18th century Andalusian clothing.
Matadores ('those who kill the bull') are easily seen by the gold of their traje de luces ('suit of lights').
At the end comes the tercio de muerte ('the third of death').
The matador re-enters the ring alone with a small red cape, and a sword.
The cape called a muleta.
The matador uses his cape to attract the bull in a series of passes.
The faena is the performance with the cape.
The faena ends with a final series of passes in which the bullfighter tries to move the bull into position.
He then stabs it between the shoulder blades and through the aorta or heart.
The act of thrusting in the sword is called an estocada.
If the matador gets it wrong, he may be gored by the bull's horns, and killed.
This does happen: some very famous matadors have died in the ring.
When the great matador Manolete was killed in the ring at the age of 31, three days of official national mourning were held.
Bullrings do have an infirmary with an operating room, for the immediate treatment of bullfighters with horn wounds.
There is great opposition to the bullfight from animal welfare organisations.
There are also versions of the bullfight in which the animal is unharmed.
Bullfighting has influenced all forms of art and culture.
Ernest Hemingway said of bullfinghting: "Bullfighting is the only art in which the artist is in danger of death and in which the degree of brilliance in the performance is left to the fighter's honour".
Spanish dance and musical forms such as the paso doble and flamenco are heavily influenced by the spectacle of the bullfight.
Casual sex means some types of sexual activity outside of a romantic relationship.
The term is not always used the same way: some use it to refer to sex in a casual relationship, and others use the word for one-time encounters, promiscuity, or to refer to sex without strong emotional attachment or love.
A hookup is casual sex activity that could consist of masturbation, oral sex, or sexual intercourse.
An extended hookup sometimes refers to many casual sex interactions with the same person.
This is a situation in which the involved people meet for casual sex multiple times, always without a long-term commitment.
This is a casual relationship is usually only for sex and without any emotional meaning.
Also another similar term is "no strings attached" ("NSA") sex.
One-night stand
Anonymous sex
Anonymous sex is a form of one-night stand or casual sex between people who have very little or no history with each other, often engaging in sexual activity on the same day of their meeting and usually never seeing each other again after the sex.
It is usually homosexual sex between men.
Commercial sites
There are many specialist online dating services or other internet websites, known as "adult personals" or "adult matching" sites, which cater to people looking for a purely physical relationship, without emotional attachments.
These can provide a relatively anonymous forum where people who are geographically close but in totally separate work and social circles can make contact.
Ehrenreich, Barbara, Elizabeth Hess, and Gloria Jacobs.
Re-Making Love: The Feminization of Sex.
Doubleday, 1986 ()
Ice algae and snow algae are algae and cyanobacteria which grow on long-lasting snow and ice fields like glaciers.
When liquid water is available between the snow and ice crystals, they may color the surface green, yellow or red during the summer months.
The red pigment of some species is an intracellular protection against excessive visual light and ultraviolet radiation of the sun, which otherwise can cause photoinhibition of photosynthesis or mutations.
Without it, the algae at the surface would suffer chromosome breaks and DNA mutations.
There are also ice algal communities on sea ice.
These algae (mainly diatoms) are important in polar ecosystems (especially Antarctica) because they provide food for krill.
Krill scrape off the algae from the underside of the ice, which is colored brown by the algae.
The algae may be found between ice crystals or attached to them, in the water or saltwater channels between ice crystals.
Chlamydomonas nivalis
Chlamydomonas nivalis is a green microalga which causes, besides other closely relative species, Watermelon snow.
Watermelon snow is snow that is reddish or pink in color, and that can have a smell similar to a fresh watermelon.
This type of snow is common during the summer in alpine and coastal polar regions, such as the Sierra Nevada of California.
Here, at altitudes of 10,000 to 12,000 feet (3,000–3,600 m), the temperature is cold throughout the year, and so the snow lingers from winter storms.
When someone steps on the snow with algae, the footprints look red.
Chlamydomonas  nivalis is a green alga which owes its red color to a bright red carotenoid pigment (Astaxanthin).
This protects the chloroplast and cell nucleus from strong visible and ultraviolet radiation.
The green and red pigments absorb light and heat, which gives the alga liquid water as the snow melts around it.
Algal blooms may go 25 cm (10 inches) deep.
Since each cell measures 20 to 30 micrometers in diameter, a teaspoon of melted snow contains a million or more cells.
The algae build up in 'sun cups', which are shallow depressions in the snow.
The carotenoid pigment absorbs heat, which deepens the sun cups, and makes the glaciers and snowbanks melt faster.
During the winter months, when white snow covers them, the algae become dormant.
In spring, nutrients, increased levels of light and meltwater, stimulate germination.
Once they germinate, the resting cells release smaller green flagellate cells which travel towards the surface of the snow.
Once the flagellated come close to the surface, they may lose their flagellae and form thick-walled resting cells, or they may function as gametes, fusing in pairs to form zygotes.
Some specialised species feed on C. nivalis, including protozoans such as ciliates, rotifers, nematodes, ice worms and springtails.
The first accounts of watermelon snow are in the writings of Aristotle.
Watermelon snow has puzzled mountain climbers, explorers, and naturalists for thousands of years.
In May 1818, four ships sailed from England to search for the Northwest Passage and chart the Arctic coastline of North America.
Bad weather made them finally turn the ships back, but the expedition made important contributions to science.
Captain John Ross noticed crimson snow that streaked the white cliffs like streams of blood as they were rounding Cape York on the northwest coast of Greenland.
A landing party stopped and brought back samples to England.
The Times wrote about this discovery on December 4, 1818:
When Ross published his story of the voyage in 1818, the story had an appendix of plants by Robert Brown.
In it, Brown compared the red snow to an alga.
Armstrong W.P. 1999. "
Watermelon Snow: a strange phenomenon caused by algal cells of the Chlorophyta"  Wayne's Word Noteworthy Plants: Aug 1998. (
24 April 2006).
Scuderia Toro Rosso (Italian for Team Red Bull) or just Toro Rosso is one of two Formula One teams owned by Austrian beverage company Red Bull.
The other team is Red Bull Racing.
Toro Rosso ran its first race in the  season.
Toro Rosso is the sister team of Red Bull Racing.
The goal is to use Toro Rosso to develop the skills of promising drivers for the Red Bull Racing.
Vitantonio Liuzzi scored Roro Rosso's first point in its first season at the  United States Grand Prix.
The team's first pole position and victory were scored by Sebastian Vettel at the  Italian Grand Prix.
For the , ,  and  seasons, Toro Rosso used Ferrari engines.
Toro Rosso started using the Ferrari engines when Red Bull Racing switched from Ferrari to Renault engines.
Its  car, the Toro Rosso STR4 was nearly identical to the Red Bull RB5.
Both cars were designed by Adrian Newey.
Minardi had competed in Formula One from 1985 to 2005.
Minardi had a large fan base, but they were one of the least competitive teams in the sport.
The main reason for their lack of performance was a relatively small budget.
Minardi owner Paul Stoddart said he had 41 offers to buy the team.
Stoddart preferred to sell the team to someone who could "take it further" than he could.
He also wanted an owner who would maintain the team in its traditional base in Italy.
The terms of the deal with Red Bull included a requirement that the team must keep in Faenza, Italy until at least the  season.
Red Bull decided to changed the Minardi name because of their sponsorship and marketing plans.
Red Bull used the Italian language in the new name to hint at the team's Italian heritage.
Red Bull changed the name of the team after taking control of the team to 'Scuderia Toro Rosso'.
Racing history
Vitantonio Liuzzi and Scott Speed were the  race drivers, with Neel Jani filling the test/third driver role.
Liuzzi had raced part time for Red Bull Racing in , while Speed entered F1 following the Red Bull Driver Search in the United States.
Jani was the test driver for Sauber Petronas in .
The 2006 Toro Rosso chassis was a modified version of the 2005 Red Bull Racing RB1.
Some teams felt that this infringed the rule that each team must design their own car.
Toro Rosso claim that this design was first produced during  by Jaguar Racing, Red Bull's predecessor.
They believed that the design rights had belonged to the Ford Motor Company, Jaguar Racing's parent company before passing to Toro Rosso.
The new Formula One regulations for 2006 required new V8 engines.
Toro Rosso was allowed to used Minardi's supply of power limited Cosworth 3 liter V10 engines.
This option had been created to assist the less funded teams the expense of building new engines.
Formula One allowing Toro Rosso to use this option after the Red Bull takeover caused friction with other teams, in particular Super Aguri and Midland.
These teams felt that the engine gave Toro Rosso too much of an advantage.
They relived that the concession to allow the team use the V10 engine was based on Minardi's poor financial situation, and should not have apply after the team was purchased by Red Bull.
For the  season, Toro Rosso began using the Ferrari 056 V8 engine, taking over the contract that Red Bull Racing broke from by switching to Renault engines.
At the launch of the STR2 on 13 February, Gerhard Berger confirmed Liuzzi as a  driver.
In testing in Bahrain on 24 February, Scott Speed was confirmed as the team's second driver.
Three-time Champ Car champion Sébastien Bourdais was the unofficial test driver several times during the season.
The 2007 season was generally disappointing.
The team suffered poor reliability and driver errors that lead to a low number of race finishes.
Following the European Grand Prix, Scott Speed was removed as a driver.
He was replaced by BMW Sauber development driver Sebastian Vettel.
Vettel was later confirmed as a driver for .
At the Chinese Grand Prix, Toro Rosso scored their best results.
Vettel finishing fourth and Liuzzi sixth, scoring eight points for the team.
These were also the drivers' best finishes in Formula One.
It was a big improvement over the preceding race.
At the Japanese Grand Prix, Vettel crashed into Mark Webber's Red Bull under safety car conditions (full course yellow).
Webber was running in second place, and Vettel was in third place.
Liuzzi lost the possibility of scoring a point after a 25-second penalty.
He was penalized for passing Adrian Sutil's Spyker for eighth place under a local yellow flag condition.
The penalty dropped him to ninth place.
Scuderia Toro Rosso's drivers for  were Sebastian Vettel and Sébastien Bourdais.
Bourdais earned his first points in F1 with a 7th place finish at the Australian Grand Prix.
Vettel scored his first points of the season with a 5th place finish at the Monaco Grand Prix.
The team pulled off a massive shock at the wet Italian Grand Prix.
Vettel claiming a pole position and won the race.
It was the first pole and win for both himself and Toro Rosso.
This was also the first win for a Ferrari engine in a customer chassis.
Vettel's performances earned him a place at Red Bull Racing for .
With Vettel moving to Red Bull Racing  Sébastien Buemi and Sébastien Bourdais were the Toro Rosso drivers for .
Before the season started, the team's boss Franz Tost said that it would be "difficult" to do as well as they did in the 2008 season.
On 16 July, Toro Rosso announced that Bourdais' contract was terminated.
On 20 July, the team announced that Jaime Alguersuari will replace Bourdais starting with the Hungarian Grand Prix.
The season ended with Toro Rosso finishing in last place in the championship.
Force India was able to move ahead in the point race after finishing second in the Belgian Grand Prix.
At the end of the season, Sébastien Buemi was able to score points in the final two races.
Jaime Alguersuari failed to score any points in the season.
Scuderia Toro Rosso confirmed that they would keep Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari for .
Under the new regulations they also had to build and design their own car without help from Red Bull Technology, the teams first since Minardi.
Alguersuari scored the first points of his career finishing ninth at the Malaysian Grand Prix.
They went on to perform poorly throughout the season occasionally mixing it with the saubers, Force Indias and Vitaly Petrov.
However they were continually the 'driver' who went out of the first qualifying with the three new teams.
Long-term future
The 2008 contract between the FIA and the Formula One teams outlawing customer cars starting in .
Because of this, Red Bull put the Toro Rosso team up for sale in March 2008.
They had hoped to sell the team by the end of the  season.
Until the team is sold, Toro Rosso will continue in its present form.
On the 3rd of January 2011 rumours spread that a buyer had been found.
Sports sponsorship is a major part of Red Bull's marketing strategy.
Scuderia Toro Rosso is not the first sports team to be bought and completely renamed.
The same was done for Red Bull Racing (formerly Jaguar Racing), the Austrian football club Red Bull Salzburg (formerly SV Austria Salzburg), Austrian Ice Hockey team Red Bull Salzburg EC and MLS' Red Bull New York (previously Metrostars).
Red Bull F1 Portal
Official Picture Website
John Deere (February 7, 1804 – May 17, 1886) was an American blacksmith and inventor.
He started Deere & Company, which is a big company that makes farm equipment.
In 1837, he invented the first successful steel plow.
This worked better with the tough soil of the Midwestern United States.
John Deere was born in Rutland, Vermont, on February 7, 1804.
He was the third son of William Rinold Deere and Sarah Yates Deere.
In 1805, the family moved to Middlebury, Vermont, John’s father worked as a tailor.
In 1808, William took a boat to England, because he hoped to claim an inheritance and make a more comfortable life for his family.
He was never heard from again, and people think that he must have died at sea.
John’s mother, Sarah, only had a small of money to raise him.
John Deere's education was limited to the elementary schools of Vermont.
At the age of 17 he learned how to be a blacksmith, which took him to several places in Vermont.
In 1836, John traveled to Grand Detour, Illinois, to make a fresh start.
He had married and nine young children to look after.
John was smart and hard working and he easily found work as a blacksmith.
There were lots of farmers in Illinois and John had to fix their plows.
The new farmers in Illinois struggled to turn heavy, sticky prairie soil with cast iron plows designed for the light, sandy soil of Vermont.
John thought about the steel needles he had seen in father’s tailor shop.
The needles stayed smooth and shiny because they were pulled through rough leather.
John Deere came up with the idea for a plow that would work.
The plow in his mind was polished and shiny and made of steel just like his father’s tailoring needles.
It was shaped so that it could scour itself as it cut furrows.
In 1837, he created his plow using a broken saw blade.
John sold his first plow to a farmer named Lewis Crandall.
Lewis loved the plow told lots of other farmers.
By 1841, John was making 100 of the plows every year.
In 1843, he started working with another man named Leonard Andrus to help him keep up!
By 1848, John had stopped working with Leonard and moved the business to Moline, Illinois.
Moline had water power, coal and cheaper transportation than in Grand Detour.
In 1850, John’s company made 1600 plows.
The company was soon producing other tools to go with the steel plow.
In 1858, John asked his son Charles to be in charge of the company.
John stayed on as president of the company, but he also wanted to work on others things.
He started a bank in Moline and joined a church.
He was also the mayor of the city for two years and the director of the city library!
John Deere died on May 17, 1886, at his home in Moline.
fi:John Deere
The quena, also written as "kena" in English, is the traditional flute of Peru and the Andes.
Made of bamboo, it has six finger holes and one thumb hole and is open on both ends.
To make a sound, the player closes the top end of the pipe with the flesh between the chin and lower lip, and blows a stream of air downward, over a notch cut into the end.
It is normally in the key of G major.
G is the lowest note when all the holes are covered.
It produces a very breathy or airy tone.
The quenacho (also "kenacho" in English) is a bigger, lower sounding type of quena and made the same way.
It is in the key of D major, a fourth lower than the quena.
In most of Andes' towns "vamos a ir a la quena" (we will go to the quena) was used to threaten little children, because the quena was made of bamboo, a hard material.
In the 1960s and 1970s the quena was used by several Nueva Canción musicians.
Some groups such as Illapu have used it regularly.
In the 1980s and 1990s some post-Nueva Canción rock groups have also used the quena in some of their songs; notably Soda Stereo in Cuando Pase el Temblor and Los Enanitos Verdes in Lamento Boliviano.
The quena is also relatively common in World music.
The pinquillo, also called pinkuyo or pinkiyo, has the same fingering as the quena.
It looks and works the same way as a  recorder.
It has an air channel, or fipple, to conduct the air;
The tarka, or tharqa, also like a recorder but it is shorter and quite angular in shape.
It needs more breath, and has a darker, more penetrating sound;
The moseño, or mohoseño, is a long, two tubed bamboo flute with a deep sound.
The extra tube acts as an aeroduct.
Quena Music
Modern Quena models
How to select a quena
The sound of the quena Los Koyas
Quenacho Music Iain Kelso
South American culture
Fedor Emelianenko (born September 28, 1976) is a Russian mixed martial artist who is currently fighting for the strikeforce promotion.
He has an overall record of 35 fights, in which he has won 31, lost 1, and had 1 no contest.
Gyeonggi-do (경기도) is the province in which the most people live in South Korea.
Over 12 million people live in it.
Its provincial capital is Suwon.
Its name, Gyeonggi, means 'surrounding the capital' and it surrounds Seoul, the capital of South Korea.
It is also next to Incheon.
Gyeonggi-do has been important since King Onjo of Baekje (one of the three kingdoms of ancient Korea) built Wiryeseong and founded the government in it.
After King Taejo of Goryeo made the capital in Gaegyeong, (now Kaesong), the province became much more important, and since King Hyeonjong's period it has been called Gyeonggi.
Gyeonggi-do's population increased rapidly after the modernization of South Korea because the capital, Seoul, the economic and cultural center of South Korea, is very close to it.
Now the population of Gyeonggi-do is 12,649,894.
Gyeonggi Province's transport is well-developed because it is very close to Seoul—South Korea's capital—and Incheon, where Korea's biggest international airport is located.
It is easy to access the capital and easy to go abroad by plane.
Much of Gyeonggi Province is served by the Seoul Metropolitan Subway.
Gondwana, also called Gondwanaland, was a southern supercontinent.
It formed when Pangaea broke up, starting 170 million years ago (mya), in the early middle Jurassic.
The global supercontinent Pangaea was complete 250 million years ago.
Then it split into two smaller supercontinents, which were about the same size.
The northern part of Pangaea became Laurasia, and the southern part became Gondwana.
Over time, Gondwana drifted south, while Laurasia moved north.
Gondwana included most of the landmasses in today's southern hemisphere, including Antarctica, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia–New Guinea, and New Zealand.
It originally included China, Siberia, Arabia and the Indian subcontinent, which have now moved entirely into the Northern Hemisphere.
Gondwana was named by an Austrian scientist, Eduard Suess.
He named the supercontinent after the Gondwana region because some of the earliest rock formations of this continent were first investigated in part of the region, in modern Odisha.
The adjective Gondwanan is often used in biogeography to describe where different organisms live.
It is most commonly used when the organisms only live in two or more of the now-separate regions that were once part of Gondwana, including the Antarctic flora.
For example, the Proteaceae, a family of plants, lives only in southern South America, South Africa, and Australia.
This is called a "Gondwanan distribution" (meaning that the Proteaceae live only in the areas that used to be part of Gondwana).
This pattern shows that the Proteaceae have existed for a very long time  since the time that Gondwana existed.
Evidence of plant and animal distribution supported the ideas of two scientists: Alfred Russel Wallace and Alfred Wegener.
Wallace explained geographical distribution as the result of evolution.
Wegener used geographical distribution as evidence for continental drift.
Breakup of Gondwana
Between 160 and 23 million years ago, Gondwana broke up.
Africa separated from Antarctica around 160 million years ago.
Next, it separated from the Indian subcontinent, in the early Cretaceous period (about 125 million years ago).
About 65 million years ago, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a tropical to subtropical climate, with marsupial fauna.
About 40 million years ago, Australia-New Guinea separated from Antarctica.
This allowed latitudinal currents to separate Antarctica from Australia, and the first ice began to appear in Antarctica.
During the Eocene-Oligocene extinction event about 34 million years ago, levels of carbon dioxide were about 760 parts per million.
They had been decreasing from earlier levels, which were in the thousands of parts per million.
Around 23 million years ago, the Drake Passage opened between Antarctica and South America, resulting in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that completely isolated Antarctica.
Models of the changes suggest that decreasing levels of carbon dioxide became more important.
The ice began to spread through Antarctica, replacing the forests that had covered the continent.
Since about 15 million years ago, Antarctica has been mostly covered with ice.
Around six million years ago, the Antarctic ice cap reached the size it is today.
Submerged former lands
There are several submerged (underwater) lands in the Indian Ocean, off the west of Australia.
They are under more than  of water.
Their rocks show that they used to be part of Gondwana.
They are not the type of rocks that are usually found in the ocean, like basalt.
Instead, they are typical land rocks, like granite, sandstone, and gneiss.
They also have the type of fossils that are now found on continental areas.
Recently, two of these sunken islands were found to the west of Perth, Western Australia.
These islands are almost the size of Tasmania, and have flat tops.
This shows they were once at sea level before being submerged underwater.
It also shows that when India began to break away from Australasia in the early Cretaceous period, the islands formed part of the last link between the two present-day continents.
Naturaliste Plateau
The Naturaliste Plateau is a submerged land off of Western Australia.
It has an area of 90,000 square kilometres (34,749 square miles).
The Naturaliste Plateau may have deposits of oil.
When it was above land during the Mesozoic era, it had a tropical climate which might have been perfect for creating coal, oil and natural gas.
Kerguelen microcontinent
The Kerguelen Plateau is a submerged microcontinent in the southern Indian Ocean.
It is about  to the southwest of Australia, and extends for more than  in a northwest-southeast direction.
It is under deep water, but a small part of the plateau is above sea level, forming the Australian Heard Island and McDonald Islands, and the French Kerguelen Islands.
The islands are part of a large igneous province (LIP) which started when Gondwana started to break up, 130 million years ago in the Lower Cretaceous period.
Marc  Staal (born January 13, 1987 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League.
He is the younger brother of Eric Staal of the Minnesota Wild, and older brother of Jordan Staal of the Pittsburgh Penguins and Jared Staal, who was signed by Eric's team, the Hurricanes but is currently playing for the OHL's Sudbury Wolves.
Marc Staal  at rangers.nhl.com
Monocytes and macrophages are phagocytes, acting in general immunity.
They also trigger specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) of vertebrates.
Their role is to phagocytose (engulf and then digest) cellular debris and pathogens either as stationary or as mobile cells.
They also stimulate lymphocytes and other immune cells to respond to the pathogen,
When a monocyte enters damaged tissue through the wall of a blood vessel it changes to become a macrophage.
Monocytes are attracted to a damaged site by chemical substances, triggered by a range of stimuli.
At some sites such as the testis, macrophages have been shown to populate the organ through proliferation.
Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells which have granules in their cytoplasm.
They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes because of the shape of the nucleus, which has three segments.
The term polymorphonuclear leukocyte often refers just to neutrophils, the most abundant of the granulocytes.
Granulocytes are released from the bone marrow.
They operate by phagocytosis and other means.
Types of granulocytes
Neutrophil granulocytes
Eosinophil granulocytes
Basophil granulocytes
Agranulocytosis (not enough white blood cells in the blood)
"To Surveil with Love" is the 20th episode of The Simpsons 21st Season.
In this episode, Homer leaves his bag at the train station and after it is thought to be a terrorist attack, cameras are put up around Springfield.
Meanwhile, Lisa is bullied at school for being a blonde.
It aired on May 2, 2010.
The Simpsons episodes
2010 television episodes
"You Kent Always Say What You Want" is the 400th episode of The Simpsons.
It is the 22nd episode of the 18th season and 400th episode of the entire series.
In this episode, Kent Brockman loses his job after he says something naughty on TV and stays with the Simpsons.
It aired on May 20, 2007, at the same time as 24 Minutes.
It is also the last episode to air before The Simpsons Movie.
Homer Simpson gets the one millionth ice cream cone at a local ice cream place and got on Smartline with Kent Brockman.
Homer accidentally spills a cup of coffee by Brockman's crotch and he yells "That hurt like a" with the last word muffled.
Kent Brockman said an extreme expletive and got demoted to weekend weatherman.
Television episodes about profanity
it:Episodi de I Simpson (diciottesima stagione)#Non puoi sempre dire quello Kent ti pare
A dual carriageway (British English) or divided highway (American English) is a type of road.
It is an important route that usually carries long-distance traffic.
Dual carriageways have no hard shoulder.
A hard shoulder is an area at the side of a road where drivers can stop if there is a serious problem, a breakdown for example.
For example, if the government increases taxes on alcohol and cigarettes, this will make them more expensive.
In economics, if a normal good becomes more expensive, its consumption will drop.
If there is a large price difference between countries this will encourage smuggling, and may create a black market.
Sin taxes may provide a reliable income for the government.
In such a case, some governments encourage "sinful" behavior to get more taxes.
Nicholas Gregory "Greg" Mankiw (born February 3, 1958) is a famous economist.
He graduated from Princeton University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
He was an economic advisor for President George W. Bush from 2003-2005.
In 2006, he became an economic adviser to Mitt Romney.
People Face Tradeoffs (sometimes people have to choose between two things)
The Cost of Something is What You Give Up to Get It
Rational People Think at the Margin (people think of the pros and cons before making a purchase)
People Respond to Incentives (when there is a reward to do something, more people will do it)
Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off
Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity (the economy usually does well without government interference)
Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes (sometimes it is necessary for the government to help the economy)
A Country's Standard of Living Depends on Its Ability to Produce Goods and Services
Prices Go Up When the Government Prints Too Much Money (the more money there is, the less value it has)
Society Faces a Short-Run Tradeoff Between Inflation and Unemployment
His economic beliefs were influenced by John Maynard Keynes and he believes in Keynesian economics.
He is sometimes labeled as a conservative because he supported George W. Bush's tax cuts and he has criticized the policies of the Obama Administration a few times.
He also was influenced by the economist Arthur Pigou who believed that a high tax on something bad for society (called a sin tax) will result in fewer people buying it.
Poznań Fortress (in Polish: Twierdza Poznań, in German: Festung Posen) was a set of fortifications in the city of Poznań in western Poland, built under Prussian rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
It was one of largest systems of its kind in Europe.
Vesoul is a commune.
It is the prefecture of the Haute-Saône department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.
The Haute-Saône is a rural department and is based around five towns: Vesoul (the prefecture), Gray, Héricourt, Lure and Luxeuil-les-Bains.
The Durgeon and Colombine rivers flow through the commune.
Vesoul is first mentioned in a document dated 899.
That document speaks about an elevation with a fortified watchtower.
The document speaks about "Castrum Vesulium".
Castrum is a fortification, and "Vesulium" has the syllable ves which meant hill or mountain in a language that was spoken before the Celts.
Today, there is a castle that forms the centre of the city.
The first houses were built inside the walls of the castle.
Newcomers who found no place settled outside the city walls, on the flanks of the hill.
Growing wine was popular.
In 1814, after the fall of the empire, a buffer state was created, with Vesoul as capital.
The principality was that of Free County, of the Vosges and of Porrentruy.
Monuments and tourist attractions
Vieux Vesoul (English:Old Vesoul) (buildings from the 15th, 16th and 18th centuries and Garret Museum)
Site of Vesoul's Motte
Site of the Sabot de Frotey
Vesoul-Vaivre lake
Vesoul-Vaivre Vélo-rail
Saint Georges church (18th century)
Convent of the Ursulines (17th century)
The first public library of Vesoul opened in 1771.
The abbé (abbot) Bardenet, superior of the Saint-Esprit hospital in Besançon, gave his book collection to the town.
There were 1772 books.
The collections became a lot larger with the Revolution.
At that time, the revolutionaries (people who led the French Revolution) took the books from the monasteries of the town (capucins) and even of the region (Luxeuil and Faverney monasteries).
Around 20,000 books were added to the library this way, including some 11th century manuscripts.
In 1981, the municipality decided to build a new building to encourage the public to read.
The library recently got computers.
There are around 200 manuscripts and 150 incunables.
Gerlingen, Germany, since 1964.
The Hungaroring is a Formula One racing circuit in Mogyoród, near Budapest, Hungary where the Hungarian Grand Prix is held.
In 1986, it became the location of the first Formula One Grand Prix behind the Iron Curtain.
Formula One leader Bernie Ecclestone wanted a race in the USSR, but was not able to make a deal with Moscow.
A Hungarian friend of his recommended the city of Budapest.
Formula One wanted a street circuit similar to the Circuit de Monaco to be built in the Népliget, Budapest's largest park.
The Hungarian government decided to build a new circuit (track) just outside the city near a major highway.
Construction work started on October 1, 1985.
the circuit was built in eight months, less time than any other Formula One circuit.
The first race was held on March 24, 1986 in memory of János Drapál.
Drapál was the first Hungarian to win a Grand Prix motorcycle race.
A survey by the Hungarian national tourism office ranks Mogyoród third in venues visited by tourists in Hungary.
The Hungaroring is a circuit in the Formula One Grands Prix calendar.
The F1 race is normally held in the middle of a Central European summer.
The circuit is generally dusty, which limits traction.
This is because the track is not used very much throughout the season and it is built on sandy soil.
The track is built in a natural valley.
About 80 percent of the racetrack is visible from any viewing location.
Besides Formula One, there were also DTM, FIA GT Championship races in its history.
A public drag race event takes place every month.
Most of the foreign fans are from Germany and Austria.
The Hungaroring has traditionally seen a large number of Finnish fans as well.
With the loss of the Austrian Grand Prix, this is the closest Formula One event for fans from other Central European countries.
The  race saw many spectators from Poland due to the debut of the first Polish Formula One driver, Robert Kubica.
The Hungarian Grand Prix has always been more of a promotional event than a profit raising event.
The Formula One contract was extended until 2016.
Tobacco advertising has been banned since 2007.
Official Ticket Agency of the Hungarian F1 Grand Prix
Hungaroring - the technical requirements
A lap of the Hungaroring with Honda’s Alex Wurz
Hungaroring Circuit History and Statistics
BBC's circuit guide
Ciro Pabón's Racetracks 3D views and virtual laps of all F1 circuits, including this one, via Google Earth
Don Drysdale (July 23, 1936 – July 3, 1993) was an American baseball player.
He was a right handed pitcher.
He played for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1956 to 1969.
He played in five World Series.
In 1976, he was chosen to be in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
His number was retired by the Dodgers.
A building model is either a physical (real) or virtual (computer) model of a building.
Very often, the physical model is smaller than the original (scale model).
Architectural building model
An architectural model is a type of a physical model of a structure to study an architectural design or to share design ideas to clients, committees, and the general public.
Architectural models are a tool which may be used for show, presentation, fundraising, getting permits, and sale purposes.
Such models are a good tool for three-dimensional understanding of a design, used by architects, interior designers and exhibit designers.
Structural building model
Virtual building model
The most common examples of virtual models are those created in 3D for the purpose of visualisation - seeing how the structure looks before it is built.
The field of architecture has greatly popularized the use of virtual models to animate fly-throughs of yet-to-be-built buildings.
Charles Frank "Chuck" Mangione (born November 29, 1940 in Rochester, New York) is an American flugelhorn player.
His best known hit single is Feels So Good which was the Billboard Easy Listening Singles number-one single on May 13, 1978 and has been featured in many movies like Zombieland and Let's Go to Prison.
Chuck Mangione has been mentioned on the animated television show King of the Hill and lends his voice to the show.
Chuck Mangione's Official website
Marussia F1 is a Formula One racing team, which made its debut in the 2010 Formula One season.
They were allowed to join F1 as Manor Grand Prix on 12 June 2009.
They were one of four new teams selected to race in the 2010 season.
On 30 November, the FIA released a revised entry list that stated the team's name as Virgin Racing.
Richard Branson's Virgin Group is the title sponsor of the team, which was launched on 15 December 2009.
On 11 November, Russian car builder Marussia Motors became the majority share owner in Virgin Racing.
Marussia has been a partner to Virgin Racing since the team started in 2009.
The team will be known as Marussia Virgin Racing.
Marussia fully bought the team in 2012 and re branded it Marussia F1 with Virgin remaining as a sponsor.
Initially, Virgin's Alex Tai was the Team Principal (person in charge).
Less than one month after the Virgin partnership was officially launched, Tai left his position and John Booth took over as team principal
The team will use engines supplied by Cosworth.
Manor Motorsport are best known as a Formula Three team.
They currently competes in the Formula Three Euroseries, and helped launch the careers of World Champions Kimi Räikkönen and Lewis Hamilton.
Race car preparation and racing operations will be run from its headquarters in Dinnington, South Yorkshire.
Wirth Research will design, develop and build the cars from its base in Bicester.
Virgin's car for 2010, the VR-01, is the first F1 car designed entirely using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer simulation technology.