the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy is a platform game made by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment.
It is the first video game in the Jak and Daxter series, and can only be bought for the Sony PlayStation 2.
It was released in winter of 2001, and has two sequels, Jak II and Jak 3.
It also has two spin-offs, Jak X: Combat Racing and Daxter.
Many people think of Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy as the spiritual successor to Naughty Dog's Crash Bandicoot series.
Crash Bandicoot is a series of platform video games developed by Radical Entertainment and published by Sierra Entertainment.
The Crash Bandicoot games were first made by the video game company Naughty Dog.
Since then, the series has been given to many different companies before it was kept at Radical Entertainment.
The games happen in the fictional Wumpa Islands in the south of Australia.
There were 15 Crash Bandicoot games in 2007, which have sold 40 million copies.
The main character in the Crash Bandicoot games, is also called Crash Bandicoot.
Crash Bandicoot was created by Naughty Dog in 1996.
It out in a platform game  called Crash Bandicoot, where Crash has to save his girlfriend Tawna from the evil doctor Neo Cortex.
After Crash Bandicoot, Naughty Dog made a sequel (another video game), Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back, where Crash saves the world from Cortex for a second time.
In the third game of the series, Crash Bandicoot 3: Warped, Crash again defeats Cortex and his friend Uka Uka, who tries to conquer the world with the help of Nefarious Tropy and his time machine.
Released on playstation.
The fourth and last game made by Naughty Dog with Crash and company was Crash Team Racing, a racing game where Nitrous Oxide, an alien, challenged the Earth inhabitants to a cart race.
Games after Naughty Dog
After Naughty Dog, other companies made many more games in the Crash Bandicoot series, and not only for PlayStation.
List of Crash Bandicoot games from other companies:
Crash Bash (US - NTSC & EU - PAL) / Crash Bandicoot Carnival (Giappone) (PlayStation - 2000)
Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex (PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox - 2001)
Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure (US - NTSC) / Crash Bandicoot XS (EU - PAL) (Game Boy Advance - 2002)
Crash Bandicoot 2: N-Tranced (US - NTSC & EU - PAL) (Game Boy Advance - 2003)
Crash Nitro Kart (PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, N-Gage - 2003)
Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage (US - NTSC) / Crash Bandicoot Fusion (EU - PAL) (Game Boy Advance, 2004)
Crash Twinsanity (PlayStation 2, Xbox - 2004)
Crash Tag Team Racing (PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, PlayStation Portable - 2005)
Crash Boom Bang! (
Nintendo DS - 2006)
Crash of the Titans (PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance - 2007)
Crash Bandicoot: Mind Over Mutant (PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS - 2008)
Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy (PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch)
Crash Bandicoot 4: It's About Time (PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch)
Crash Bandicoot: Invasion of Bandicoots Snatchers
Vivendi Universal's Official Crash Bandicoot Site
Naughty Dog's Official Crash Bandicoot Site
Playstation One's Official Crash Bandicoot Site
Playstation One's Official Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back Site
Playstation One's Official Crash Bandicoot 3: Warped Site
Playstation One's Official Crash Team Racing Site
Playstation One's Official Crash Bash Site
Sierra's Official Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex Site *
Vivendi Universal's Official Crash Twinsanity Site
Sierra's Official Crash Tag Team Racing Site
Sierra's Official Crash of the Titans Site
*No longer under official ownership.
Beware of possible malicious intentions.
A copt is an Egyptian Christian.
Today, more than 95% of the Copts belong to the Latin community of the Coptic Catholic Church, and other of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.
They used the Coptic calendar and speak the Coptic language.
Baptism and male Circumcision is done.
There folk saint is Mark the Evangelist.
Pectus excavatum is a congenital medical condition where the ribs and sternum grow abnormally, producing a sunken appearance to the chest.
This makes the chest look  like it has caved in on itself.
It is also commonly referred to as "funnel chest" or "chest bowl".
It is the most common form of pectus deformity, occurring in approximately 1 in 300-400 births, with a 3:1 male predominance ratio.
While Pectus Excavatum occurs at birth, it often does not develop properly until early adolescence when growth is more rapid.
Doctors do not know why some people have the dent.
They think it might be caused by a bad gene from the parent.
It is also linked to syndromes (illnesses) that affect other parts of the body.
Non-invasive treatment
Suction Cup
A vacuum bell, also called a suction cup, can be used to fix pectus excavatum.
The cup is placed on the chest and all the air is removed: this pulls up the chest.
This non-invasive procedure shows promise to be a permanent cure for pectus excavatum.
Treatment must continue for two years after the appearance of correction is made.
The dent can be fixed by a doctor.
The following are alternate surgical ways of fixing the chest:
The Nuss Prodcedure was created by Doctor Nuss from Norfolk in Virginia.
A metal bar is put into the chest; the bar holds the chest up.
The Ravitch technique is from the 1950s.
It involves cutting out part of the chest, placing a bar in the chest, and having the bone grow back.
Most doctors do not use the Ravitch because it causes much blood loss.
Mark the Evangelist (מרקוס, ) was one of the followers of Jesus Christ.
He is believed to be the writer of the Gospel of Mark.
He is believed by some scholars to be the young man found in chapter 14, verses 51-52 of the gospel.
The Copts think Mark brought Christianity to Egypt.
It was his house where Jesus and his disciples ate the last supper.
מרקוס and Μάρκος are both pronounced as Markus which more consistent with Aramaic and Hebrew understanding of Roman names.
Markus was a Roman who accepted Jesus Christ along with others.
The Analects was a book put together by the students of Confucius.
It is about his thoughts on family, government and war.
Also was the teachings of Kong Fuzi and was likely written by his followers.
MIT text
Central Park is a large public park in Manhattan in New York City.
Central Park has about 35,000,000 visitors every year.
It is the most visited city park in the United States.
The park contains lakes, a castle, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Central Park Zoo.
The park has been shown in many movies and television programs.
The Central Park is 2.5 miles (4 km) long between 59th Street (Central Park South) and 110th Street (Central Park North), and is 0.5 miles (0.8 km) wide between Fifth Avenue and Central Park West.
It is similar in size to San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, Chicago's Lincoln Park, Vancouver's Stanley Park, or Munich's Englischer Garten.
It lies between the New York Theater District, Harlem (north), Upper West Side, and the Upper East Side.
Central Park is bordered on the north by West 110th Street, on the south by West 59th Street, on the west by Eighth Avenue, and on the east by Fifth Avenue.
Along the park's borders however, these are known as Central Park North, Central Park South, and Central Park West, respectively.
Only Fifth Avenue retains its name as the eastern border of the park.
Each of the twenty gates on these streets has a name.
In 1855, New York City had four times as many people as in 1821.
The city grew bigger, and there were fewer parks in Lower Manhattan.
A park was being planned for Upper Manhattan.
Two years before, in 1853, the New York state government gave over an  area, from 59th to 106th Streets, to build the Park.
The land alone cost more than US$5 million.
The park first opened in 1857.
In 1858, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they entitled the Greensward Plan.
Construction began in the same year and was finished in 1873.
Many rocks, soil, and plants were put in the park.
People living in the park were forced to move out.
Later, the park was made larger.
In the 1930s, because people had not taken care of the park, it was cleaned up and changed by Robert Moses.
By the 1960s, the park became a bad place to go again, so in the 1980s and 1990s, the Central Park Conservancy was made.
The Central Park Conservancy cleaned up Central Park from the 1980s through the 2000s.
Central Park Conservancy
The Central Park Conservancy runs the park.
They operate it because of an agreement with the city government.
85% of Central Park's $25 million annual budget and 80% of the park's maintenance staff come from the Conservancy.
The conservancy cares for 250 acres of lawns, 21,500 trees, 150 acres of lakes and streams, and 130 acres of woodlands.
Their staff plant hundreds of bulbs, shrubs, flowers, and trees every year.
They make sure that 9,000 benches, 26 ballfields, and 21 playgrounds are clean and good to use.
They also care for 55 sculptures and monuments, as well as 36 bridges.
Conservancy crews remove graffiti from Central Park and collect more than 2,000 tons of trash a year!
The Conservancy has been led by four presidents.
The first is Elizabeth Barlow Rogers, who helped to create the Conservancy in 1978.
She was president until 1996.
Karen H. Putnam, the Conservancy’s development director, was president from 1996 to 2000, after completing the projects slated under the Wonder of New York capital campaign.
The third, Regina S. Peruggi, used to be president of Marymount Manhattan College.
She led the Conservancy from 2000 to 2003.
Since 2003, Douglas Blonsky, who used to look over construction for the Park, has been the president of the Conservancy.
Central Park has been mentioned in thousands of books, movies, and TV shows.
In the U.S. TV show Friends (1994-2004), the coffee shop where the characters often gathered was named "Central Perk" as a pun on the term "coffee percolator" (a type of pot used to brew coffee).
1857 establishments in the United States
Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956)  is an American physician and NASA astronaut.
She became the first African-American woman to enter space when she served on the crew of the Space Shuttle Endeavour in September 1992.
She has appeared on television several times, including as an actress in an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama.
She moved to Chicago at age three.
Her brother and sister are Ada and Charles Jemison.
From early on, she was interested in science.
Jemison’s parents supported her love for science and space.
As a child, she spent lots of time in the library.
She read books about space, and evolution.
Jemison graduated from high school at the age of 16.
She studied at Stanford University on a scholarship.
There she earned a Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering in 1977.
During her education, Jemison involved herself in activities outside her classes.
These included dance, theater, and volunteer work.
She was also the head of the Black Student Union.
While at Cornell, Jemison helped people who had left their country because it was not safe to live there.
She helped run health studies in Kenya as well.
She studied how complicated organisms can be influenced by gravity.
In 1981 she earned a Doctorate of Medicine.
Training and space mission
Jemison was in astronomy ever since she was a child.
She dreamed of going to space one day.
While attending UCLA, she  applied for NASA.
Soon after she applied, NASA had a terrible accident on January 28, 1986.
Challenger was launched in Florida and it blew up soon after taking off.
The astronauts were all killed.
There would be no more astronauts going into space until the scientists figured out what had happened.
Jemison became one of the 0.75% of people who were chosen for a special type of instruction at NASA a year after this accident had occurred.
The training incorporated physical demand and rigorous studying of science.
She had to learn what to do in case if an emergency had happened.
She soon became a certified mission specialist.
Jemison’s mission was in September of 1992.
She is remembered as the member of the crew on Endeavour, an eight-day journey.
This was a joint mission between the US and Japan.
She fertilized frog eggs and observed their development into tadpoles.
Jemison worked at NASA from 1987 to 1993.
She later started The Jemison Group, Inc., which created ALAFIYA, a satellite-based telecommunications system.
This system was to be used to bring healthcare to developing nations.
She also was a professor in the Environmental Studies Program at Dartmouth College.
There she directed the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in Developing Countries.
She has studied astronomy, zoology, archaeology, and many other things.
Jemison joined the Peace Corps, a volunteer organization.
She worked as a medical officer there from 1983 to 1985 in Sierra Leone and Liberia.
Jemison has won many awards since her time in space.
She was named as one of the 50 most influential women by Ebony magazine.
She is in three different halls of fame: the National Medical Association Hall of Fame, Texas Science Hall of Fame, and National Women’s Hall of Fame.
Jemison has also been on a few television programs, including the PBS program African American Lives.
She also speaks in public about her life and influence.
Mae C. Jemison Public School was named after her.
Scientists from Alabama
Scientists from Chicago
A club is an apparatus of rhythmic gymnastics
Social club, a place where people gather
Club (biscuit)
a sports team, such as a football club
Ethylene or ethene is a chemical compound with two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms in each molecule.
These molecules are put together with a double bond that makes it a hydrocarbon.
It is very important in industry and has even been used in biology as a hormone.
It is also the most made chemical.
About 75 million tons of it have been made each year since 2005.
Its biggest use is to make polyethylene.
Since 1795, ethylene was called an olefiant gas, or oil making gas.
This was because it came together with chlorine to make the oil of the Dutch chemists.
In 1866, the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann came up with a system for naming hydrocarbons.
The suffixes -ane, -ene, -ine, -one, and -une were used to call the hydrocarbons with 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 fewer hydrogen atoms than the alkane it came from.
Because of this system, ethylene became ethene.
Ethylene is made in the chemical industry by steam cracking.
Some of the parts of an ethylene plant can be:
The steam cracking furnaces;
Heat recovery systems;
A steam recycling system;
A system to compress the cracked gas;
A system to remove acid gas;
There are other systems in an ethylene plant.
The systems listed above were the most important systems in an ethylene plant.
International Chemical Safety Card 0475
Skol is a brand of beer made by the Danish company Carlsberg Group.
Skol was first brewed in 1959 for European customers.
The beer's name comes from the Danish word skål which means "to your health", a common toast (a word or phrase said before drinking).
Skol is available in a few different flavors.
Skol was started in 1964 in Europe.
It became available in Brazil in 1967.
In 1979, it was one of the first beers to be sold in aluminum cans.
As of 2004, Skol was available in more than 20 countries.
In 2000, the first annual Skol Beats music festival was held in São Paulo, Brazil.
The type of music featured at Skol Beats is electronic, including trance, techno, electro, drum and bass, house, and breakbeat.
Skol's new "Beats" beer was revealed at the 2000 festival.
Beats has a different flavor and alcohol content than the original Skol.
It is marketed as the beer for people that like parties and excitement.
In October of 2006, the new Skol Lemon was released.
Response to Skol Lemon has been divided.
Some people really like it and others do not.
Fragmentation (reproduction), a form of asexual reproduction
Fragmentation (cell biology)
Fragmentation (computer) a phenomenon of computer storage
Fragmentation (economics), a process of globalisation
Fragmentation (music), a compositional technique
Fragmentation (sociology), in urban sociology
Fragmentation (weaponry), a feature of explosive weaponry
IP fragmentation, a process in computer networking
The Archbishopric of Salzburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire Archbishop of Salzburg as a Prince-Bishop.
This means the archbishop had his ecclesiatical (church) powers and also the powers of an he Archbishopric was about the same size as the modern state of Salzburg in Austria.
The most famous Archbishop was probably the last to rule as a prince.
He was Hieronymus von Colloredo, who was an early patron of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Abbot-Bishopric (4th century–c. 482)
In 450 a book was written about the live of St Severinus of Noricum.
The book said that Salzburg had two churches and a monastery.
St. Maxius is the only abbot-bishop known by name.
Soon after Maxius was martyred, Salzburg was destroyed soon after in about 482.
Bishopric (c. 543/698–798)
St. Rupert later went back to Salzburg to set up the churches again.
He saw the ruins of Salzburg overgrown with brambles, but no one knows whether he arrived about 543 during the time of Theodo I or in about 698 when Bavaria was conquered by the Franks.
It was not until after 700 that Christian civilisation started to grow again in the region.
The cathedral monastery was named in honour of St. Peter and Rupert's niece Ehrentrudis founded the nunnery at Nonnberg.
Early Archbishopric (798–1060)
Arno, Archbishop of Salzburg enjoyed the respect of the Frankish king Charlemagne.
Charlemagne asked him to make the land between the Danube, the Raab, and Drave Rivers Christian.
This area ad recently been taken from the Avars.
Monasteries were founded and all of Carinthia was slowly Christianised.
While Arno was in Rome attending to some of Charlemagne's business in 798, Pope Leo III appointed him Archbishop over the other bishops in Bavaria (Freising, Passau, Regensburg, and Säben).
When the dispute over the church's border between Salzburg and Aquileia broke out, Charlemagne declared the River Drave to be the border.
Arno also began the copying of 150 volumes from the court of Charlemagne.
This was the start of the first library in Austria.
Investiture Era (1060–1213)
The first archbishop of the era was Gebhard, who during the Investiture Controversy remained on the side of the Pope.
Because of this, Gebhard was exiled for nine years, but was allowed to return shortly before his death and was buried in Admont.
His successor Thimo was imprisoned for five years, and suffered a horrible death in 1102.
After King Henry IV abdicated and Conrad I of Abensberg was elected Archbishop.
Conrad lived in exile until the Calistine Concordat of 1122.
The Archbishops again took the side of the Pope during the arguments between the Pope and the Hohenstaufens.
Archbishop Eberard I of Hilpolstein-Biburg was allowed to reign in peace, but his successor Conrad II of Austria made the Emperor's angry and died in 1168 in Admont trying to hide from the Emperor.
Conrad III of Wittelsbach was appointed the Archbishop of Salzburg in 1177 at the Diet of Venice, after the supporters of both Pope and Emperor were deposed.
Prince-Bishopric (1213–1803)
Archbishop Eberard II of Truchsess was made a prince of the Empire in 1213, and created three new sees: Chiemsee (1216), Seckau (1218) and Lavant (1225).
Eberard was excommunicated in 1245 after refusing to publish a decree deposing the emperor.
Eberard died suddenly the next year.
During the German Interregnum, Salzburg also suffered confusion.
Philip of Carinthia was made ruler of Salzburg, but refused to become a priest.
This meant he could not be Archbishop, so he was deposed (sacked) by Ulrich, Bishop of Seckau.
King Rudolph I of Habsburg quarrelled with the archbishops.
The arguments wer started by Abbot Henry of Admont After Henry died the archbishops and the Habsburgs made peace in 1297.
The people and archbishops of Salzburgs remained loyal to the Habsburgs in their struggles against the Wittelsbachs.
When the Black Death reached Salzburg in 1347, the Jews were accused of poisoning the wells and suffered severe persecution.
The Jews were expelled from Salzburg in 1404.
Although the Renaissance was a time when new paintings, sculptures and music was being made across Europe, this did not happen in Salzburg because the archbishops were not got rulers, and because of poor conditions in the empire during the reign of Frederick IV.
Conditions were at their worst during the reign of Bernard II of Rohr.
The country was in depression, local authorities were raising their own taxes and the Turks were attackingthe archdiocese.
In 1473, he summoned the first provincial diet (parliament) in the history of the archbishopric, and eventually abdicated.
It was only Leonard of Keutschach (reigned 1495–1519) who changedthe situation.
He had all the burgermeisters and town councillors (who were charging unfair taxes) arrested at the same time and imprisoned in the castle.
His last years were spent in bitter struggle against Matthäus Lang of Wellenburg, Bishop of Gurk, who succeeded him in 1519.
Archbishop Paris of Lodron led Salzburg to peace and prosperity during the Thirty Years' War in which the rest of Germany was thoroughly devastated.
During the reign of Leopold Anthony of Firmian, Protestants emerged more vigorously than before.
He invited the Jesuits to Salzburg and asked for help from the emperor, and finally ordered the Protestants to recant or emigrate - about 30,000 people left and settled in Württemberg, Hanover and East Prussia, and a few settled in Georgia in the United States of America.
The last Prince-Archbishop, Hieronymus of Colloredo, is probably the most well known for his patronage of Mozart.
His reforms of the church and education alienated himself from the people.
Modern Archbishopric (1803–present)
In 1803, Salzburg was secularised (stopped being control by the church) as the Electorate of Salzburg.
The former Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany (brother of Emperor Francis II) was made elector.
In 1805 Salzburg became a part of Austria, and in 1809, a part of Bavaria.
The Bavarians closed the University of Salzburg, banned monasteries from accepting novices (new monks for training), and banned pilgrimages and processions.
The Congress of Vienna returned Salzburg to the Austrians in 1814.
Bishops of Salzburg
Abbot-Bishops of Iuvavum c. 300s–c. 482
St. Maximus of Salzburg d. 476
Abandoned after c. 482
Bishops of Iuvavum (from 755, Salzburg)
St. Ruprecht c. 543–?
or c. 698–c. 718
Erkenfried
Ansologus
Ottokar
Flobrigis
St. Virgilius c. 745 or c. 767–c. 784
Archbishops of Salzburg
Archbishops of Salzburg, 798–1213
Arno 784–821
Adalram 821–836
Leutram 836–859
Adalwin 859–873
Adalbert I 873
Dietmar I 873–907
Pilgrim I 907–923
Adalbert II 923–935
Egilholf 935–939
Herhold 939–958
Friedrich I 958–991
Hartwig 991–1023
Günther 1024–1025
Dietmar II 1025–1041
Baldwin 1041–1060
Gebhard 1060–1088
Thiemo 1090–1101
Konrad I von Abensberg 1106–1147
Eberhard I von Hilpolstein-Biburg 1147–1164
Konrad II of Austria 1164–1168
Adalbert III of Bohemia 1168–1177
Conrad III 1177–1183
Adalbert III of Bohemia (restored) 1183–1200
Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg, 1213–1803
Eberhard II von Truchsees 1200–1246
Bernhard I von Ziegenhain 1247
Philipp of Carinthia 1247–1256
Ulrich von Sekau 1256–1265
Ladislas of Silesia-Liegnitz 1265–1270
Friedrich II von Walchen 1270–1284
Rudolf von Hoheneck 1284–1290
Konrad IV von Breitenfurt 1291–1312
Weichard von Pollheim 1312–1315
Friedrich III von Liebnitz 1315–1338
Heinrich Pyrnbrunner 1338–1343
Ordulf von Wiesseneck 1343–1365
Pilgrim II von Pucheim 1365–1396
Gregor Schenk von Osterwitz 1396–1403
Eberhard III von Neuhaus 1403–1427
Eberhard IV von Starhemberg 1427–1429
Johann II von Reichensperg 1429–1441
Friedrich IV Truchsees von Emmerberg 1441–1452
Sigismund I von Volkersdorf 1452–1461
Burchard von Weissbruch 1461–1466
Bernhard II von Rohr 1466–1482
Bernhard III Peckenschlager 1482–1489
Friedrich V von Schallenburg 1489–1494
Sigismund II 1494–1495
Leonhard von Keutschach 1495–1519
Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg 1519–1540
Ernest of Bavaria 1540–1554
Michael von Khuenburg 1554–1560
Johann Jakob Khun von Bellasy 1560–1586
Georg von Khuenburg 1586–1587
Wolfgang Dietrich von Raitenau 1587–1612
Marcus Sittich von Hohenems 1612–1619
Paris von Lodron 1619–1653
Guidobald von Thun 1654–1668
Maximilian Gandalf von Khuenburg 1668–1687
Johann Ernst von Thun 1687–1709
Franz Anton von Harrach 1709–1727
Leopold Anton von Firmian 1727–1744
Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Castelcorno 1744–1747
Adnreas Jakob von Dietrichstein 1747–1753
Sigismund III von Schrattenbach 1753–1771
Hieronymus von Colloredo 1772–1812 (last prince-archbishop, lost temporal power in 1803 after secularization)
Duchy of Salzburg 1803–1805
The secularized Duchy of Salzburg was created in 1803, but annexed by Austria in 1805.
The Duke of Salzburg was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg:
Ferdinand 1803–1805
Modern Archbishops of Salzburg 1803–present
Sigmund Christoph, Graf von Zeil und Trauchburg 1812–1814
Augustin Johann Joseph Gruber 1823–1835
Friedrich Johann Joseph Cölestin, Fürst zu Schwarzenberg 1835–1849
Maximilian Joseph von Tarnóczy 1850–1876
Franz de Paula Albert Eder 1876–1890
Johann Evangelist Haller 1890–1900
Johannes Baptist Katschthaler 1900–1914
Balthasar Kaltner 1914–1918
Ignaz Rieder 1918–1934
Sigismund Waitz 1934–1941
Andreas Rohracher 1943–1969
Eduard Macheiner 1969–1972
Karl Berg 1972–1988
Georg Eder 1988–2002
Alois Kothgasser 2002–present
Suffragan Dioceses
Graz–Seckau
Gurk
Salzburg on the Catholic Encyclopædia
Legate on the Catholic Encyclopædia
1278 establishments
1270s establishments in Europe
A chinrest is a part on a violin.
It helps to hold the violin against the player's shoulder.
A chinrest is usually made of wood.
It is usually not glued on.
Instead, metal clasps are used.
These clasps are put against the side of the violin.
They are held on by the tension of the screws in them.
Older violins do not often have chinrests.
Rheinfelden is a town in Germany that was started in 1922.
The name means the fields of the Rhine, like Rheinfelden in Switzerland.
A stone circle is an ancient monument.
It is made of several standing stones, usually menhirs that are arranged in a certain way.
Very often those stones form circles or ellipses.
The number of stones can vary between four and 60.
Very often, burial sites are in the circle, or nearby.
There are about 1,000 stone circles and 80 stone henges in the Great Britain and Ireland.
Most likely stone circles were used for rituals.
They might also have been used as calendars; some stone circles are arranged so that certain stones are lit on special dates, such as the summer solstice.
Standing stones or menhirs  are stones set into the ground vertically.
They were put there by Neolithic people in the British Isles and Brittany, and they also occur elsewhere in the world.
There may be single standing stones, circles, lines or groups of them.
Their dates are mostly from 4000 BC to 1,500 BC.
Since Neolithic peoples did not have writing, we know little about their use.
It is generally thought they had both practical (meeting place) and ceremonial or religious uses.
Pottery that has been found near some of these stones suggest some of them in Europe belonged to the so-called 'Beaker culture'.
Their shape is generally uneven and squared, often tapering towards the top.
Menhirs can be found across Europe, Africa and Asia, but they are most numerous in Western Europe; in particular in the British Isles (Great Britain and Ireland), and Brittany.
There are about 50,000 megaliths in these areas.
Standing stones are usually difficult to date, but pottery found underneath some in western Europe connects them with the Beaker people.
They were erected as part of a megalithic culture which flourished in Europe and beyond.
Where they appear in groups, often in a circular, oval, henge or horseshoe formation, they are sometimes called megalithic monuments.
These are sites of ancient religious ceremonies, sometimes containing burial chambers.
The developments of radiocarbon dating and tree-ring calibration have added to our knowledge of their timing.
In some archaeological sites, the remains of wooden henges can be found.
Woodhenge was a henge and timber circle monument in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site in Wiltshire, England.
It is 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east of Stonehenge.
Practically nothing is known of the social organization or religious beliefs of the people who erected the menhirs.
There is not even any trace of their language.
We do know that they buried their dead, and had the skills to grow cereal, farm and make pottery, stone tools and jewellery.
Some recent research into the megaliths in Brittany suggests a much older origin, perhaps back to six to seven thousand years ago.
This is not generally accepted at present.
Archaeological sites
the name of two towns on the banks of the Rhine:
Rheinfelden (Baden) in the Lörrach Rural District of Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Rheinfelden, Switzerland in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland, also
Rheinfelden (district), a district in Aargau Canton.
Rudolf of Rheinfelden (or Rudolf of Swabia) (1025–1080), Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Rheinsfelden, eine suburg in the district of Glattfelden, in the Canton of Zürich, Switzerland
Feldspar forms crystals from magma in both intrusive and extrusive rocks, and they can also happen as compact minerals, as veins, and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock.
Rock formed entirely of plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite.
Feldspar is also found in many types of sedimentary rock.
Orthoclase or "alkali" feldspars: a group of minerals that all have the same formula (KAlSi3O8 with sodium sometimes replacing the potassium in some pieces), but are formed in different ways because of how different the times and places where they formed were.
Plagioclase feldspars: A series of minerals that are made up of a series of two chemicals (Albite, NaAlSi3O8, and anorthite CaAl2Si2O8), with a given piece having its place on the series determined by the relative amounts of the two chemicals.
Municipalities in Minas Gerais
Brazos Country is a city in Austin County, Texas.
It had a population was 289 people in 2006.
Ackerly
Adkins
Ames
Anahuac
Anderson Mill
Angleton
Appleby
Aransas Pass
Archer City
Austin, *State Capital*
Austonio
Austwell
Azle
Bacliff
Bailey's Prairie
Baird
Balch Springs
Ballinger
Bartonville
Bastrop
Baytown
Bean Station
Bedias
Bee Cave
Beeville
Bellmead
Bellville
Belton
Berryville
Boerne
Bogata
Bolivar Peninsula
Bonham
Borger
Brazoria
Brazos Country
Breckenridge
Bremond
Brenham
Brookshire
Brookside Village
Brownsboro
Brownsville
Brownwood
Bruceville-Eddy
Bulverde
Burkburnett
Burnet
Bushland
Camp Wood
Cashion Community
Castroville
Cedar Park
Cee Vee
Center City
Channelview
Chocolate Bayou
Christoval
Cibolo
Cistern
Clute
Cockrell Hill
Coffee City
Coldspring
Combes
Concan
Coppell
Copperas Cove
Corral City
Corsicana
Cresson
Crowell
Crystal Beach
Cuero
Cumings
Cummins Crossing
Cuney
Cut and Shoot
Daingerfield
Daisetta
Dalhart
Danbury
Dayton Lakes
De Leon
DeCordova
DeKalb
Dell City
Denison
Denver City
DeSoto
Diboll
Dime Box
Dimmitt
Doss
Dozier
Dripping Springs
Dumas
Eagle Pass
East Bernard
East Texas Center
Eastland
Edcouch
El Campo
Elgin
Emory
Emhouse
Eola
Escobares
Evadale
Evant
Fairfield
Farmers Branch
Farmersville
Farwell
Flatonia
Flomot
Flower Mound
Floresville
Fort Gates
Fort Stockton
Friendswood
Frognot
Fulshear
Gainesville
Garden Ridge
Garwood
Gatesville
Gay Hill
Gaylord
Giddings
Glenn Heights
Glen Rose
Goldthwaite
Goliad
Granjeno
Grand Saline
Grape Creek
Grapeland
Groveton
Gruene
Gun Barrel City
Hale Center
Hallsville
Hargill
Harker Heights
Harleton
Harriett
Hearne
Hebbronville
Heckville
Hemphill
Hewitt
Hico
Highland Village
Hill Country Village
Hilshire Village
Hockley
Hogeye
Honey Island
Hoop and Holler
Huntsville
Hutto
Idalou
Indian Lake
Ingleside on the Bay
Ingleside
Iowa Park
Iraan
Itasca
Jacksboro
Jamaica Beach
Jarrell
Jewett
Karnack
Karnes City
Kemah
Kenefick
Kerens
Kerrville
Killeen
Kingsville
Kingwood
Kirbyville
Kountze
Krugerville
Krum
Kurten
La Feria
La Grulla
La Marque
La Norah
La Porte
Lacy-Lakeview
Laguna Vista
Lajitas
Lake Brownwood
Lake Dallas
Lake Jackson
Lakeway
Lampasas
Lamesa
Las Colinas
League City
Leander
Leon Valley
Lindale
Little Elm
Los Fresnos
Los Indios
Los Ybanez
Lowake
Luckenbach
Lueders
Lyford
Mabank
Manchaca
Marble Falls
Mareta
Marfa
Mathis
Maypearl
McAllen
McKinney
McMahan
Meadows Place
Menard
Mexia
Meyersville
Midkiff
Millersview
Mineola
Mineral Wells
Mobile City
Mont Belvieu
Moore Station
Morgan's Point
Mt. Sylvan
Nassau Bay
Neiderwald
Nesbitt
New Braunfels
New Caney
New Ulm
New Waverly
Neylandville
North Cleveland
North Zulch
Oak Cliff
Oak Leaf
Old River-Winfree
Olfen
Olmito
Olton
Owentown
Palmhurst
Palmview
Pampa
Panna Maria
Pearland
Penitas
Perryton
Pflugerville
Pharr
Pineland
Plum Grove
Point Comfort
Port Aransas
Port Isabel
Port Lavaca
Port Mansfield
Port Neches
Port O'Connor
Post Oak Bend City
Pottsboro
Prairie Hill (Washington County)
Progreso Lakes
Quitaque
Ralls
Rangerville
Raymondville
Rhome
Riesel
Rio Grande City
Rosenberg
Rosharon
Rosser
Rowlett
Rucker
Sachse
Sacul
Sadler
Salado
San Perlita
Sanco
Santa Anna
Schertz
Scottsville
Scurry
Seabrook
Seagoville
Seagraves
Seguin
Shallowater
Shavano Park
Shoreacres
Silsbee
Sinton
Slaton
Sour Lake
South Padre Island
Southlake
Southmayd
Spring Valley Village
Springtown
Stinnett
Strawn
Study Butte
Sugar Land
Sullivan City
Sweeny
Tahoka
Taylor Landing
Tenaha
Terlingua
Texarkana
Texas City
The Woodlands
Tiki Island
Timpson
Tioga
Toco
Tom Bean
Trophy Club
Troup
Turnersville
Uhland
Umbarger
Union Valley
Van Alstyne
Vancourt
Veribest
Vick
Vidor
Volente
Waco
Waskom
Waxahachie
Webberville
Weslaco
West Lake Hills
West University Place
Wichita Falls
Wimberley
Windcrest
Wingate
Winona
Wixon Valley
Wolfe City
Woodlake
Wortham
Wylie
Winnsboro
Yoakum
Zavalla
Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud  (20 October 1854 – 10 November 1891) was a French poet, born in Charleville.
He wrote his best works when he was 15–18 years old.
He was  and moved around the world a lot.
He was homosexual.
He died of bone cancer just after his 37th birthday.
Le Soleil Était Encore Chaud (1866)
Poésies (c. 1869–1873)
Soleil et chair (1870)
Le bateau ivre (1871)
Proses Évangeliques (1872)
Une Saison en Enfer (1873) – published by Rimbaud himself as a small booklet in Brussels.
Although "a few copies were distributed to friends in Paris... Rimbaud almost immediately lost interest in the work."
Illuminations (1874)
Lettres (1870–1891)
Arthur Rimbaud, his work in audio version
THE QUIET LIFE A collection of photos and drawings of Arthur RİMBAUD Edited by Beyaz Arif AKBAS Yalnizgoz BOOKS/Edirne 2011 USA
He was born at Sainte-Foy-la-Grande (Gironde).
He was the second son of a Protestant priest, who had a family of fourteen children.
His education, begun in Rhenish Prussia, was continued in the Protestant college of Montauban, and completed at the university of Berlin, where he followed a long course of geography under Karl Ritter.
After 1851, he spent the next six years (1852–1857) visiting the British Isles, the United States, Central America, and Colombia.
On his return to Paris he contributed to the Revue des deux mondes, the Tour du monde and other papers, with a large number of articles about geography.
In 1867–1868 he published La Terre; description des phénomènes de la vie du globe, in two volumes.
During the 1870 siege of Paris, he was in the National Guard, while as a member of the Association Nationale des Travailleurs he published in the Cri du Peuple an article against the government of Versailles in support of the Paris Commune of 1871.Continuing to serve in the National Guard, now in open revolt, he was taken prisoner on April 5, and on November 16 sentenced to transportation for life; but, after changed in an ban as an exile.
In 1882 Reclus initiated the Anti-Marriage Movement.
After this was followed by government prosecutions, instituted in the High Court of Lyon, against the anarchists, members of the International Association, of which Reclus and the other anarchist Kropotkin were designated as the two "leaders" of organization.
Piotr Kropotkin was arrested and condemned to five years’ imprisonment, but Reclus, being resident in Switzerland, escaped.
Nouvelle Géographie Universelle - Nuova Geografia Universale (1875- 1894 ).
La Terre, description des phénomènes de la vie du globe (1867-1868).
Histoire d'une montagne (1872).
Histoire d'une ruisseau (1876).
L'Homme et la Terre - (postum) in (1905).
Onésime Reclus, his brother
Élisée Reclus, le site
Reclus at the Anarchy Archive
Marianna, Arkansas, USA
Marianna, Florida, USA
602 Marianna, an asteroid, number 602 in the minor planet catalog
Skjaldbreiður(Skyald-bray-thur) is a volcano in Iceland.
It is 1,060 metres tall, and its crater measures roughly 300 metres in diameter.
Skjaldbreiður translated in English means broad shield and is the name for shield volcano.
Volcanoes of Iceland
Michael Emerson (born September 7, 1954) is an American theatre, television, and movie actor.
He won an "Outstanding Guest Actor" Emmy in 2001 for a part on The Practice.
He is best known for playing Zep Hindle in the 2004 movie Saw and Ben Linus in the television series Lost.
Emerson was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa and grew up in the nearby town of Toledo, Iowa.
He studied theater and art at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, and graduated in 1976.
He then moved to New York City.
He had trouble finding work as an actor so he took retail jobs and worked as a freelance illustrator.
In 1986, he moved with his first wife to Jacksonville, Florida.
In Jacksonville, between 1986 to 1993, he was in local productions, and worked as a teacher and director.
Emerson thought about not being an actor and being a teacher instead, because it is a more stable job.
He decided to go back to school and get a Master of Fine Arts.
He thought it might help him meet theatre professionals and directors.
Emerson's first big role was in 1997.
He starred as Oscar Wilde in Moises Kaufman's play, Gross Indecency: The Trials of Oscar Wilde, and then was in many other plays.
In 1998, he acted with Uma Thurman in the off-Broadway production of The Misanthrope.
In 1999, he played the part of Willie Oban in The Iceman Cometh with Kevin Spacey.
and Hedda Gabler.
In movies and television, Emerson played somewhat dangerous, damaged characters.
He played the roles so that the character would seem mysterious.
In 2001, he won an Emmy Award as "Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series", for playing the (fictional) confessed serial killer William Hinks in several episodes of The Practice.
One of Emerson's most well-known works was in 2004, as the character Zep Hindle in the horror movie Saw.
In 2006, Emerson began guest-starring on the television series Lost as Henry Gale/Ben Linus .
He was originally planned to be in a small number of episodes, but he returned for season 3 as a main cast member.
In 2007, he was nominated for another Emmy Award for his work on the series.
The Battle of Chantilly happened on September 1, 1862, in Fairfax County, Virginia.
It was the last battle of the Northern Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War.
The battle had two names: the Union side called it the "Battle of Chantilly" and the Confederates called it the "Battle of Ox Hill".
Confederate General Robert E. Lee had just won the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 29.
The Union Army, commanded by John Pope, started retreating north towards Washington, D.C. Lee wanted to destroy Pope's army.
He sent Thomas J. Jackson's corps to march around Pope's army in order to capture the road to Washington.
If the Confederates captured the road, Pope would have been surrounded and be forced to surrender.
On September 1, Pope found out where Jackson was.
He sent Jesse L. Reno with two divisions to attack Jackson.
Jackson had stopped on Ox Hill, which was near the Chantilly Plantation.
He decided to stop there because he found Pope's army was farther north than he expected.
The first Union commander to arrive at Ox Hill was Isaac Stevens.
He decided to attack Jackson's men about 5 p.m. At the same time, a thunderstorm broke out and made some of the solders's ammunition too wet to fire.
Many men had to fight with bayonets.
Stevens's division made part of the Confederate army retreat.
But the Confederates counterattacked and forced Steven's division retreat.
During the attack, Stevens was killed.
After Stevens' s attack failed, Philip Kearny's division arrived.
Kearny tried to attack the Confederates but he was killed too.
After sunset, the Union soldiers retreated from the battlefield.
The Union army lost about 1,000 casaulties in the battle.
The Confederates lost about 500 to 600 casualties.
Pope continued retreating to Washington on September 2.
Hennessy, John J. Return to Bull Run: The Campaign and Battle of Second Manassas.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. .
He Hath Loosed the Fateful Lightening: The Battle of Ox Hill (Chantilly) September 1, 1862.
Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Mane Books, 2003. .
September 1862 events
1862 in Virginia
Jörg Haider (26 January 1950 – 11 October, 2008) was an Austrian politician who was often called to be off right-populism ("rechtspopulist").
He was born in Bad Goisern, Upper Austria, and died near Klagenfurt, Austria.
In 2004 Haider was re-elected as Governor of Carinthia.
One year later the leading members of the FPÖ as well as there party members in the government together with Jörg Haider (as their new head) founded a new Party, the BZÖ.
In 2006 the BZÖ party reached the 4% (that time lead under P. Westenthaler) in the Austrian elections and so became part of the Parliament with 7 representatives.
For the snap elections in September 2008 he was voted unanimity in his party for the leading position and ran as candidate again for the elections like back in the nineties.
Surprisingly the party gained 10.7% and therefore could rise its seats 3 times now having 21 representatives under the lead of Jörg Haider.
However Haider promised before the votes toke place too remain Governor as he would have only changed as of becoming Chancellor.
There were possibilities to build a government with Jörg Haider as chancellor (Haider already achieved to form a coalition where the ÖVP under Schüssel with the 3rd most votes got the Chancellor) or at least the BZÖ represented in the government.
For this a coalition of BZÖ with FPÖ and ÖVP was necessary, however Haider never got into this position.
On 11 October 2008, Haider died in a traffic accident near the town of Klagenfurt.
He was returning home after an event that had taken place earlier.
Many people living in Carinthia in reaction to his death, left public offerings as flowers, candles, cards and personal messages, Austrian singer and intendant Harald Serafin called the tragic death even an "Austro-Lady-Diana-Story".
The Egyptian Museum, formally known as the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, is a museum in Cairo, Egypt, which has a large collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities in the world.
It has 120,000 items.
The museum's Royal Mummy Room, shows some mummies of New Kingdom kings and queens.
Another large museum of Egyptian antiquities is Egyptian Museum of Turin, which is the only museum other than the Cairo Museum that is dedicated only to Egyptian art and culture.
Egyptian Museum in Cairo
Egyptian Museum of Turin
1902 establishments in Asia
Buildings and structures in Cairo
Yagan (c. 1795–11 July 1833) was a Noongar warrior who played an important part in early  indigenous Australian resistance to European settlement and rule in the area of Perth, Western Australia.
Yagan was the son of Midgigoroo, one of the elders of the tribe who lived in the Perth area.
Yagan was blamed for spearing cattle near the Swan River.
There were not many cattle in the new colony and food was scarce.
Yagan's taking of the settlers animals and food supplies was seen as a very serious crime.
After a European was killed, the military started a search for Yagan.
He was found after four months and sent to Carnac Island.
He escaped after six weeks.
One of the soldiers who had got to know him on Carnac Island, compared him to William Wallace.
Yagan's brother was killed in April 1833 while trying to steal flour from a cart.
Yagan, Midgigoroo and several others attacked another cart and killed the drivers.
They were declared outlaws, which meant they had no legal rights and could be killed by anyone.
A reward of £30 was offered for their capture.
Midgigoroo was soon captured and executed.
Two months later, on 11 July 1833 a shepherd, William Keates, shot and killed Yagan.
Keates was killed soon afterwards in another fight with the Aborigines, and his brother claimed the reward for the capture of Yagan.
Yagan's head was cut off and sent to England for display.
After a long search his remains were rediscovered in an unmarked grave in Liverpool and returned to Australia in 1997.
On 10 July 2010, Yangar was reburied in Perth, at a site now called the Yagan Memorial Park.
The park is on the site where Yagan was killed in 1833.
Indigenous Australian people
Osaka University is a national university of Japan.
It was started in 1869.
It is in Osaka.
It has 11 departments.
1869 establishments in Japan
The Daytona 500 is an auto race held in Daytona Beach, Florida.
It is the opening event of the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series.
Daytona has hosted racing for many years.
Originally cars raced on the beach, but in 1959, race officials built the Daytona International Speedway, where the race has been held ever since.
The Daytona track hosts many other races as well.
The Daytona 500 is considered the most important event in NASCAR.
Eventually, the  race was held in 1959, It was the second 500-mile NASCAR race, following the Southern 500, By 1961, the race was referred as the Daytona 500.
List of Daytona 500 winners
1959 establishments in Florida
Beat 'em up games are video games where the player beats up bad guys while walking through levels.
Sometimes the player has to beat up certain bad guys to progress through the game.
Most of the time, these games have level bosses which are usually at the end of the level.
Examples of "beat-em up" games are arcade games like Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and The Simpsons.
Super Smash Bros. Brawl also has a "beat-em up" part in the game where the player fights bad guys from the Subspace Emissary and fights other characters as well in order to beat the levels.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky () is a city in Russia.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is the administrative, industrial and cultural center of Kamchatka Krai.
Population: 181,181 (2019).
It was founded by Vitus Bering in 1740 and was named after ships the St. Peter and the St. Paul.
Kamchatka state university
Kamchatka state technical university
Climate is mild.
Annual average temperature is +2,8 °C.
Official website of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky urban district
Perspective (visual), is the way in which objects appear to the eye
Perspective (graphical), means to represent the effects of visual perspective in drawings
Perspective (cognitive), one's "point of view", the choice of a context for opinions, beliefs and experiences
Perspective (pharmacoeconomic), the vantage point from which a pharmacoeconomics analysis is conducted
Point of view (literature), the related experience of the narrator
Perspective (album), released by Jason Becker in 1996
Perspective (software), a Wiki software written in C# that runs in ASP.NET
Perspective Records, a record label
Perspectives on Anarchist Theory, a magazine
Perspective (geometry), a property of triangles
In graphic arts, perspective is the representation of how an image is seen by the eye.
It is about how the angle and distance of a three-dimensional object is represented on a flat surface.
To create a real scene, objects are drawn smaller to show that they are farther away from the person looking at the artwork.
The dimensions of an object are also drawn differently depending where the line of sight is.
The size of an object's dimensions along the line of sight are usually drawn shorter than dimensions across the line of sight.
This is called foreshortening, and is used to create the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface.
Landscape paintings have a horizon line.
This line represents objects that are infinitely far away.