the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Others believe that Peter used an educated secretary to help him write the letter or that he studied relevant subjects in the decades-long period between Jesus' death and Peter's writing of the letter.
To whom it was sent
1 Peter was sent to the “elect resident aliens” living in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia.
These were Roman provinces in Asia Minor.
In Chapter 1, verse 17, they are told to “live in reverent fear during the time of your exile".
Peter calls them "strangers", in the first verse of the letter.
This could mean Christians wishing for their home in heaven, or people in a different place from where they were born.
While local people may have been unkind to the Christians, Peter tells them to stay loyal to both their religion and the Roman Empire (Chapter 2, verse 17).
What Peter tells the Christians
(1) to keep faithful even when other treat them badly. (
Chapters 1 and 2)
(2) to live a holy life in every day ways. (
Chapter 2 and 3)
(3) He uses the example of Jesus Christ and other reasons to be patient and holy in Chapters 3 and 4.
(4) He concludes with advice to pastors and people (Chapter 5).
I Peter (NIV)
I Peter (KJV)
The Second Epistle of Peter is the 61st book in the Christian Bible, and the twenty-second in the New Testament.
This book is believed to be a letter from Peter, who was a disciple of Jesus.
Since Peter was killed in about 69 A.D. by Nero, the emperor of Rome, if Peter is the author it was written about 65 to 69 A.D.  In the letter the writer says,  ("since I know that the putting off of my body will be soon, as our Lord Jesus Christ made clear to me").
Chapter 1, verse 14  Some think that the book was written by a later unnamed follower of Peter, and it could have been any time between 60 and 160 A.D. In both ancient and modern times, people have disagreed about this but the letter was finally accepted as part of the Bible by most Christians.
The content of the letter
The epistle mentions many verses in the Old Testament.
In Chapter 3, verses 15 and 16 one of Paul's letters is mentioned.
This is probably 1 Thessalonians chapters 4 and 5.
Peter calls Paul's writings scripture and mentions that they are hard to understand so that some people try to change their meaning.
The letter begins with a greeting.
Next the writer tells the Christians to live a good life of faith, knowledge, self control, and love.
In Chapter 2, there are warnings about false teachers.
In Chapter 3 are teachings about the Second Coming of Jesus.
The letter ends by saying again that the Christians should live properly.
Then there is a final blessing.
II Peter (NIV)
II Peter (KJV)
This letter was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95–110.
It was written to show that Jesus really came "in the flesh", and not only as a spirit, as some false teachers were saying.
John says they are "anti-Christ", meaning against Christ.
This false teaching is known as docetism.
It says that Jesus only seemed to be a human person with a real body.
John's letter says that Christians can tell if teachers are true.
True teachers will say that say that Jesus came in the flesh.
True teachers are also known by their ethics, and by their love.
Also he says that as true Christians they would "not practice sin" (keep sinning) (Chapter 2, verse 1); that "we should love one another" (Chapter 3, verse 11); and that "you who believe in the name of the Son of God... may know that you have eternal life." (
Chapter 5, verse 13).
So we see that the aim of the letter was to make the Christians more full of joy, and also to help readers to know if they are really saved.
I John (NIV)
I John (KJV)
The Second Epistle of John is the sixty-third book in the Christian Bible, and the twenty-fourth in the New Testament.
This book is believed to a short letter from John.
In number of verses, it is the shortest book in the bible.
To whom it is written
The lady has often been seen as a picture of the church, the church being the body of Christians as a whole and as local congregations.
It is also possible the letter was sent to a real lady who John knew, and the children are real children, not members of the church.
What is written
What this letter says is similar to the Third Epistle of John.
The traditional view is that all the letters are by the hand of John the Apostle, and the language and words used and arguments made all seem to support this idea.
The letter also warns against people who say that Jesus was not a flesh-and-blood figure: "For many deceivers are entered into the world, who say that Jesus Christ has not come in the flesh."
This shows that, from the time the epistle was first written, there were those who had docetic ideas about Jesus, believing that the human person of Jesus was really a pure spirit or did not come at all.
John says that these people are deceivers and even calls them Antichrist that is against Christ.
He says Christians should not receive such people.
II John (NIV)
The Third Epistle of John is the sixty-fourth book in the Christian Bible, and the twenty-fifth in the New Testament.
In number of verses, it is the shortest book in the bible, except for Second John.
What this letter says is similar to the Second Epistle of John.
The letter commends Gaius for keeping strong in his faith in Jesus.
It tells Gaius to help people who are working along with him to spread the gospel message.
It says that Diotrephes doesn't like John's message and John hopes to come to visit and to tell others that Diotrephes is wrong when he doesn't accept the Christian message and people who are telling that message.
John also says that Demetrius is living properly.
We don't know much about either of these men.
III John (NIV)
III John (KJV)
The Epistle of Jude is the sixty-fifth book in the Christian Bible, and the twenty-sixth in the New Testament.
It is one of the shortest books in the Bible, at only 25 verses long.
Who wrote it
The writer calls himself Jude.
This may not be the same person as Jude the Apostle.
This Jude calls himself a brother of James, who was a leader in the church at Jerusalem.
Both Jude and James were probably half brothers of Jesus.
They did not believe that he was the Christ, until after the Resurrection. (
John chapter 7, verse 5)  The book may have been written between 60 and 80 A.D. and was sent to many places.
This is called a "General" epistle.
He warns of "people who change the message about the grace of God in order to excuse their immoral ways" (verse 4).
He says this is not the faith "once delivered to the saints".
He warns that we have stories in the bible of people who turned from trusting God to evil.
He lists the fallen angels, those saved from slavery in Eqypt and the people of Sodom and Gomorrah.
He also mentions individuals such as Cain who killed his brother, Balaam, and Korah.
He tells everyone to keep their faith, keep praying, love others, and wait for the second coming of Jesus.
The letter closes with a blessing that is sometimes used to end church meetings.
"Now to the one who is able to keep you from falling, and to cause you to stand, rejoicing, without blemish before his glorious presence, to the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, power, and authority, before all time, and now, and for all eternity.
Amen." (
Verses 24 and 25)
Jude (NIV)
Jude (KJV)
General epistles (also called Catholic Epistles) are books in the New Testament in the form of letters.
The letters attributed to Paul are not included.
Paul's letters are named for the church or person addressed.
The General Epistles are named for their author instead of the church or person to whom they were written.
Most of the General Epistles are written to all Christians.
The second Epistle of John may have been written to an unnamed lady and the Third Epistle of John was written to his friend Gaius.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Catholic Epistles
Augustine Volcano is a  high volcano in southwestern Cook Inlet, about  southwest of Anchorage, Alaska.
More than half the people of Alaska live no more than about  from it.
It has erupted six times since the 1812 eruption; 1883, 1935, 1964-65, 1976, 1986.
and 2006.
The 1976 and 1986 eruptions started with a series of vent-clearing explosions.
There were clouds of volcanic ash that went straight up into the sky.
These were followed by eruptions of rocks and mud slides down the side of the volcano.
In 1812, 1935, 1964-65, 1976, and 1986, unlike some prehistoric eruptions, the top of the mountain did not collapse.
However, in the 1883 eruption, a part of the top of the volcano broke loose starting an avalanche that flowed down to the sea.
The avalanche started a small tsunami that reached the Kenai Peninsula at English Bay,  east of the volcano.
Clouds of volcanic ash are a major problem to jet aircraft using Anchorage International and other local airports.
Ashfall from future eruptions could disrupt oil and gas operations and shipping activities in Cook Inlet.
Eruptions like the historical and prehistoric eruptions are likely in Augustine's future.
Paul Daniel "Ace" Frehley (born April 27, 1951) is an American guitarist best known as one of the first members of the rock band Kiss.
He was the lead guitar player in the band.
When the band started wearing costumes and face paint onstage Frehley chose paint that made him look like he was from outer space.
Frehley played with the group from 1973 until 1982.
When he left Kiss he started making his own music as a solo musician.
In 1996 he went back to playing with Kiss.
His second time playing with Kiss stopped in 2002 when he left the band at the end of their world tour.
He went back to his solo career.
His last album was finished in September, 2009.
Ace Frehley Official Website
Sagwa is the name of a siamese cat in the children's book Sagwa the Chinese Siamese Cat by Amy Tan.
Sagwa's popularity with children prompted an educational animated series of the same name on PBS Kids.
In the series, which is set circa 1900 during the Qing dynasty, Sagwa has fun in her day-to-day life while learning and teaching valuable life lessons.
The show is notable for its setting and messages about family and loyalty.
Holly G. Frankel as Sagwa Miao
Oliver Grainger as Dongwa Miao
Jesse Vinet as Sheegwa Miao
Rick Jones as Fu-Fu
Arthur Holden as Baba Miao
Ellen David as Mama Miao
Hiro Kanagawa as The Foolish Magistrate
Khaira Ledeyo as Tai-Tai
Kathy Tsoi as Ba-Do
Leanne Adachi as Luk-Do
Rosa Yee as Huang-Do
Raugi Yu as the Cook
Russell Yuen as the Reader
Sonja Ball as Nai-Nai
Neil Shee as Yeh-Yeh
Cast notes
Holly G. Frankel, Oliver Grainger, and Sonja Ball previously worked together on two other animated series: Arthur and Mona the Vampire.
Grainger is also one of the original voices of D.W. Read in Arthur.
Season 1: (2001-2002)
101 "How Sagwa Got Her Colors"
102 "New Year's Clean Up" / "Firefly Nights"
103 "Royal Cats" / "Acrobat Cats"
104 "Tung, the Singing Cricket" / "Sagwa's Lucky Bat"
105 "Cat Burglar" / "Sagwa's Good Deed"
106 "Harvest Festival Race" / "The Foolish Magistrate's New Robes"
107 "Fur Cut" / "Magistrate Loses His Post"
108 "Sagwa's Swan Song" / "Tribal Cats"
109 "Stinky Tofu" / "Cat and Mouse"
110 "The Foolish Magistrate's Aching Tooth" / "Sheegwa and the Blizzard"
111 "By the Light of the Moon" / "Treasure Hunters"
112 "Fraidy Cats" / "The Tortoise and the Cat"
113 "Cats of a Different Class" / "Alley Cat Opera"
114 "Fu-Fu and the Whistling Pigeon" / "Princess Sheegwa"
115 "Ciao, Meow" / "Sagwa Rules"
116 "Explorer's Club" / "Time for Everything"
117 "Not-So-Purrfect Patient" / "Comic Opera"
118 "Panda-monium" / "Festival of Lanterns"
119 "Snagged by a Thread" / "Master of Mistakes"
120 "Collar of Time" / "The Birds, the Bees, and the Silkworms"
121 "Invention By Mistake" / "Dongwa the Sailor"
122 "New Cook in the Kitchen" / "Cool Fu-Fu"
123 "Tough Guy Dongwa" / "The Competition"
124 "Lord of the Fleas" / "A Precious Gift"
125 "My Fair Kitty" / "The Favorite"
126 "Tea for Two Monkeys" / "Luck Be a Bat"
127 "Sagwa the Stray" / "...And Action"
128 "Ba-Do and the Lantern Festival" / "Fu-Fu's Full Moon Flight"
129 "A Catfish Tale" / "Wedding Day Mess"
130 "Spreading Rumors" / "Up, Up and Away"
131 "The Jade Rabbit" / "Dongwa's Best Friend"
132 "The Zodiac Zoo" / "The Four Dragons"
133 "Lost and Found" / "Three Graces"
134 "All Grown Up!" / "
The Cat and the Wind!"
135 "Too Close for Comfort! /
Sister Act!*
136 *Sick Day / The Name Game"
137 *Shei-Hu's Secret / Homesick Jun"
138 *The Return of the Rat / Great Balls of Fire*
139 *Catsitter / On the Run"
140 "Cha-Siu Bow Wow/Mutt That Would Be King"
Sagwa's author Amy Tan's Homepage
The 2009 Pacific hurricane season started on May 15, 2009 and ended November 30, 2009.
In this season there were 12 tropical storms, 3 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.
This season featured Hurricane Rick, which was the second strongest hurricane recorded in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Another storm to remember was Hurricane Jimena, which caused over $50 million in damage when it made landfall in Baja California.
Tropical Depression One-E
Hurricane Andres
Tropical Storm Lana
Hurricane Felicia
Tropical Depression Nine-E
Tropical Storm Maka
Tropical Storm Marty
Tropical Storm Nora
Tropical Storm Patricia
Hurricane Neki
This are the names that were set aside for the 2009 Pacific hurricane season.
These are the name that were set aside for the Central Pacific, which is close to Hawaii.
Again, names that did not get used are marked in .
The Bourne Identity is an action-thriller movie released in 2002.
It is based on the novel by Robert Ludlum, The Bourne Identity, which was published in 1980.
The movie is directed by Doug Liman.
It stars Matt Damon as the main character, Jason Bourne.
In the movie, as Jason Bourne recovers from his gunshot wound, he find that he lost his memory.
As he recovered his memory, he learns he was involved with an international spy agency.
The movie is set in Europe, in places such as Prague, Paris, and Italy.
It shows thrilling gunfights, car chases, and action scenes.
After release, the box-office profit was successful.
Two sequels, The Bourne Supremacy and The Bourne Ultimatum were released in 2004 and 2007.
An unidentified man is rescued from the sea by fishermen.
But because of amnesia, he cannot remember who he is.
He cannot remember why he was drowning in the sea, how the gunshot wound on his back was made, how he can speak many languages or how he has martial arts skills.
He only knows the number to his Swiss bank safe which was hidden in his skin.
In the safe, he finds a huge amount of cash, and passports for each country.
He saw the name "Jason Bourne" on his U.S. passport and he believes that is his name.
After he has some trouble at the U.S. embassy in Zurich, he moves to Paris with the help of a woman named Marie Kreutz.
Wherever he moves, the police and assassins chase him and Marie.
In continuous chasing between Bourne and the killers, he notices that some unknown big power threatens his existence.
To find his identity and the reason why they are trying to kill him, Bourne gradually gains access to the unknown agency.
Matt Damon as Jason Bourne
Franka Potente as Marie Kreutz
Chris Cooper as Alexander Conklin
Clive Owen as The Professor
Brian Cox as Ward Abbott
Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Nykwana Wombosi
Gabriel Mann as Danny Zorn
Walton Goggins as Research tech
Josh Hamilton as Research tech
After the movie was released in the U.S., the movie got generally good reviews from several critics, especially for the acting of Matt Damon and the direction of Doug Liman.
Peter Howell of the Toronto Star said, "An entertaining thriller that eschews most of the usual spy gimmicks in favour of old-fashioned sleuthing."
Eric Harrison of the Houston Chronicle praised the direction of Liman: "The Bourne Identity shouldn’t be half as entertaining as it is, but director Doug Liman and his colleagues have managed to pack it with enough action to satisfy the boom-bam crowd without a huge sacrifice of character and mood."
Matt Damon also got praise from Stephen Hunter of the Washington Post: "Great fights.
You wouldn’t think of Damon as a tough guy, but he’s worked really hard on the physical stuff here and it shows."
2002 action movies
2002 thriller movies
American spy movies
2000s Czech movies
Movies directed by Doug Liman
The Antarctic is the area around the Earth's South Pole.
It is opposite the Arctic region which is around the North Pole.
The Antarctic includes the continent of Antarctica and the ices, waters and islands in the Southern Ocean.
Its greatest extension was about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) north to south.
It was not glaciated because snowfall was extremely light as the winds from the Pacific Ocean lost their moisture over the fully glaciated nearby mountains.
The grassland steppe, including the land bridge, that stretched for several hundred miles into the continents on either side has been called Beringia.
It is believed that a small human population of at most a few thousand survived the ice age in Beringia.
It was isolated from  populations in Asia for at least 5,000 years.
Sometime after 16,500 years ago, it started to populate the Americas when the American glaciers that blocked the way southward melted.
The Bering Strait, the Chukchi Sea to the north and the Bering Sea to the south, are all shallow seas (maps, right).
During cycles of global cooling, such as the most recent ice age, much water became concentrated in the ice caps of the Arctic and Antarctica.
The  drop in sea levels exposed shallow sea floors that have subsequently re-flooded.
Other land bridges around the world have been created and re-flooded in the same way: about 14,000 years ago, mainland Australia was linked to both New Guinea and Tasmania.
The British Isles were an extension of continental Europe via the dry bed of the English Channel; and the dry basin of the South China Sea linked Sumatra, Java and Borneo to the Asian mainland.
The rise and fall of global sea levels exposed and submerged the bridging land mass called "Beringia" several times in the Pleistocene.
The Beringian land bridge is believed to have existed in the glaciation that occurred before 35,000 BP.
During the more recent period 22,000-7,000 years BP it was also above water.
The strait reopened about 15,500 BP and by c. 6000 BP the coastlines had their present form.
Human habitation
The Beringa land bridge is significant for several reasons, not least because it is believed to have enabled human migration to the Americas from Asia about 25,000 years ago.
A study by Hey has indicated that of the people migrating across this land bridge during that time period, only 70 left their genetic print in modern descendants.
Pielou E. C. 1992.
After the Ice Age : the return of life to glaciated North America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)
Hey, Jody 2005.
On the number of New World founders: a population genetic portrait of the peopling of the Americas.
In Public Library of Science Biology.
24;3(6):e193
Bering Land Bridge National Preserve
Beringian Heritage International Park Program
D.K. Jordan, "Prehistoric Beringia"
Paleoenvironmental atlas of Beringia: includes animation showing the gradual disappearance of the Bering land bridge
Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre
Paleoenvironments and Glaciation in Beringia
Study suggests 20000 year hiatus in Beringia
Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas , American Journal of Human Genetics, 82 (3), 583-592 (3 March 2008).
pdf file of article (525kb)
The 1917–18 NHL season was the first season of the National Hockey League (NHL).
The season was split into two halves, December 19 to February 4, and February 6 to March 6.
The Montreal Canadiens won the first half, and Toronto the second half.
The Montreal Wanderers withdrew early in January 1918 after their rink, the Westmount Arena, burned down.
Toronto won the NHL playoff and then won the Stanley Cup by defeating the PCHA's Vancouver Millionaires three games to two in a best-of-five series
League business
The November 10, 1917 annual meeting of the NHA was presided over by Frank Calder, who was the NHA secretary.
The NHA voted to stop operating.
On November 26, 1917, representatives of the NHA clubs met at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal.
The decision to start a new league was made, which was named the National Hockey League.
the constitution and rules would be the same as the NHA;
Frank Calder was elected president and secretary;
M. J. Quinn of Quebec was named honorary president;
teams in the NHL would be the Ottawa Senators, Montreal Canadiens, and Montreal Wanderers;
the Quebec Bulldogs players were sent to the other teams.
A Toronto team was to be controlld for a wihle by the Arena Gardens while the problem of who owned the Toronto team was fixed.
The franchise had players from the Toronto Blueshirts, including those who had been sent to other NHA teams for the second half of the 1916–17 NHA season.
While Eddie Livingstone, who owned Toronto teams, agreed to do this, the NHL owners did not want to share any money with him.
Livingstone would sue for the Toronto team's revenues in 1918.
George Kennedy, owner of the Canadiens, would later say:
The Toronto team played without a nickname for the season.
They would later be called the "Toronto Arenas."
The NHL was not supposed to be a permanent league.
It was only supposed to exist until the NHA could fix the problem of teams in the NHA.
The NHA was involved in a lawsuit against the 228th Battalion, who had a team in the NHA the year before, and could or would not fold until that was finished.
Major rule changes between the NHA and NHL
The O'Brien Cup was given to the new NHL from the NHA, and became the league's championship trophy.
It was awarded to the winner of the NHL playoffs and that winner then went on to play for the Stanley Cup in a series against other leagues.
On January 9, 1918, the league decided to allow goaltenders to drop to the ice surface in order to make saves.
This was the first implemented and amended rule change in the National Hockey League.
It was done in response to Ottawa's Clint Benedict, who would fall to the ice to stop the puck, even though it was against the rules.
The new league had trouble getting players because there were other leagues at the time, including the Pacific Coast Hockey Association.
Also making it difficult was many people were involved in World War I, so they could not play hockey.
The Wanderers were in trouble from the start of the season.
They won their first home game, but only had 700 people watch.
The Wanderers then lost the next three games and owner Lichtenhein threatened to withdraw from the league unless he could get some other players.
Although they could have acquired Joe Malone, who led the NHL in scoring, in the draft, they turned to the PCHA and signed goaltender Hap Holmes.
They were also allowed to sign players like Frank Foyston, Jack Walker and others if they could get the players to agree.
The Wanderers loaned Holmes to the Seattle Metropolitans of the PCHA, but he eventually came back to the NHL when Seattle loaned him to Toronto.
A league meeting was planned to deal with the Wanderers, but on January 2, 1918, the it was fixed when the Montreal Arena burned down, leaving the Canadiens and Wanderers without a place to play.
The Canadiens moved into the 3,250 seat Jubilee Rink.
The Hamilton arena said the Wanderers could play there, but instead Lichtenhein shut down the team on January 4, after the other clubs refused to give him any more players.
The remaining three teams would complete the season.
The first game of the season featured Toronto versus the Wanderers.
Montreal's Dave Ritchie scored the first goal in NHL history and Harry Hyland had four goals in the Wanderers 10–9 victory, which would be their only one in the NHL.
The opening game was played in front of 700 people.
On January 28, when Canadiens visited Toronto, players Alf Skinner and Joe Hall started swinging their sticks at each other.
Both players received match penalties, $15 fines and were arrested by the Toronto Police for disorderly conduct, for which they received suspended sentences.
Wanderers defaulted scheduled games against the Canadiens (Jan. 2, 1918) and Toronto (Jan. 5, 1918), when their arena burned down.
These were counted as losses in the standings, though the games were not played.
"The league did not accept the Wanderers' resignation immediately, electing to wait and see whether the team showed up for its scheduled match in Toronto on Saturday January 5. ...
The deadline did expire, and the once-powerful team that had been known as the Little Men of Iron was thrown onto the scrap heap of hockey history.
The Wanderers' scheduled games of January 2 and 5 were officially recorded in the standings as victories for their respective opponents, the Canadiens and Torontos." —
Holzman.
† Montreal Arena burned down and Wanderers withdraw.
Two Wanderers games count
All dates in 1918
Montreal had won the first half of the NHL split season and Toronto had won the second half.
The two teams then played a two-game total goals series for the NHL championship and the O'Brien Cup.
Toronto won the series and advanced to the Stanley Cup finals.
Toronto wins total goals series 10–7 for the O'Brien Cup
Toronto wins best-of-five series 3 games to 2 for the Stanley Cup
NHL playoff scoring leaders
Jack Adams, Toronto
Jack Laviolette, Montreal Canadiens
Art Ross, Montreal Wanderers
Harry Hyland, Ottawa Senators
Holzman, Morey, and Joseph Nieforth.
Deceptions and Doublecross: How the NHL Conquered Hockey (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2002), pp.
169–70.
NHL season, 1917-18
Defence (defense in the U.S.) in ice hockey is a player position whose main job is to stop the other team from scoring.
They are often called defencemen, defensemen, D, or "blueliners" (a reference to the blue line in ice hockey which is boundary of the offensive zone; defencemen generally stay along the line to keep the puck in the zone).
In regular play, two defencemen play with three forwards and a goaltender on the ice.
Exceptions include overtime and when a team is shorthanded (i.e. has been assessed a penalty), in which two defencemen are typically joined by only two forwards and a goaltender.
The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season started on June 1, 2010 and ended on November 30, 2010.
This is the time when hurricanes are likely to form.
Unlike the last three years, a storm did not form in the month of May or earlier.
On December 9, 2009, the Colorado State University made their first forecast for the 2010 hurricane season.
They said there would be 11 to 16 named storms, 6 to 8 hurricanes and 3 to 5 major hurricanes.
A major hurricane is a Category 3 storm or higher on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.
On April 7, 2010, they made another forecast: 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes and 4 very strong hurricanes.
They said the season would be active because of several things, including warm ocean waters, which make hurricanes stronger.
North Carolina State University said that 2010 would have 15 to 18 named storms, and 8–11 would become hurricanes.
On May 27, 2010, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) put out their forecast for the season.
They said it would be "extremely active", with 14 to 23 named storms, 8 to 14 hurricanes, and 3 to 7 very strong hurricanes.
On June 2, 2010, the Colorado State University team made another forecast, saying that there would be 18 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 5very strong hurricanes.
They said the chance of a very strong hurricane hitting the United States is 76 percent, which is higher than the average of 52 percent.
On June 17, the Met Office said there would be 20 tropical storms.
However, they do not issue forecasts on the number of hurricanes and very strong hurricanes.
A normal season has about 10 named storms, so if these predictions are correct, the 2010 season will have a high number of storms.
Tropical Depression One started just offshore of Honduras on June 25.
Strengthening fast, it became a tropical storm the next morning, given the name Alex.
Tropical Storm Alex continued to strengthen fast, striking central Belize on that same day with winds of 65 mph (105 km).
For about twelve hours, Alex had weakened back to a tropical depression after moving further inland over the Yucatán Peninsula.
Alex would re-strengthen into a tropical storm on June 27 while entering the Gulf of Mexico.
Tropical Storm Alex moved generally westward across the Gulf of Mexico, strengthening further as it did so.
By June 29, winds from Alex were strong enough for it to become a hurricane.
While reaching its highest winds, 105 mph (169 km/h), Hurricane Alex struck land again in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas late on June 30.
Alex died out over Mexico a few days after striking land.
Tropical Depression Two had started in the western Gulf of Mexico on July 8.
It stayed weak and did not become a tropical storm.
Two made landfall in southern Texas with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h).
Tropical Depression Two rapidly died over Mexico.
Tropical Depression Three started to the southeast of the Bahamas on July 22.
It quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Bonnie, but did not strengthen any further.
Tropical Storm Bonnie moved quickly westward, making landfall in Cutler Bay, Florida only the next day.
Bonnie quickly went back to tropical depression status while crossing Florida.
Instead of re-strengthening, Tropical Depression Bonnie died in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
Tropical Storm Colin
On August 2, a  Tropical wave that came from Africa had started to organize Tropical Depression Four.
On the next morning, Tropical Depression Four had strengthened and became Tropical Storm Colin.
Bad conditions for tropical cyclones were in the atmosphere, and Colin quickly died out.
By August 5, the storm reformed, and was again Tropical Storm Colin, heading northward.
Cooling water temperatures later began to destroy the storm, and Tropical Storm Colin died again just west of Bermuda.
Tropical Depression Five started in the southeast Gulf of Mexico, near Florida.
It headed northwestward, toward Louisiana.
There was no further strengthening, so Tropical Depression Five did not become a tropical storm.
Nearing the coast of Louisiana, Tropical Depression Five died just before making a landfall in the state on August 11, but the remains did reach land.
On August 19, Tropical Depression Six formed close to Africa.
On August 22, Tropical Depression Six strengthened to become Tropical Storm Danielle.
The next day the storm strengthened further and became Hurricane Danielle, a Category 2 hurricane.
Suddenly bad conditions in the atmosphere meant that Danielle weakened back to a tropical storm.
A few hours later Danielle strengthened to a hurricane for a second time, reaching Category 4 strength.
As Danielle went over the colder waters of the north Atlantic it weakened, and was no longer a hurricane east of Newfoundland.
Danielle was never a threat to land.
On August 23, a Tropical Wave moved off the East coast of Africa.
Two days later Tropical Depression Seven formed East of Hurricane Danielle, and later strengthened and became Tropical Storm Earl on the same day.
On August 29th, Earl strengthened into a hurricane.
On August 30, Earl impacted the northern  Leeward Islands including Antigua and Barbuda and the British Virgin Islands, while at the same time strengthening into a Category 4 hurricane.
After moving away from the Leeward Islands, Earl was downgraded to a Category 3 hurricane due to changes in the eyewall of the storm.
However, the hurricane quickly intensified back to a Category 4.
Earl passed Cape Hatteras in the U.S. state of North Carolina on September 2nd, bringing heavy rainfall and strong winds to the area.
Buildings in the area were not damaged much, as houses along the coast were built to stand against hurricanes.
Earl travelled north along the U.S. coast, weakening down to a tropical storm when it reached Nova Scotia in Canada.
Tropical Storm Fiona
On August 30, an area of Disturbed weather that moved off  from Africa gained enough strength to be named as Tropical Storm Fiona, skipping the status of being a tropical depression.
Fiona struggled to strengthen further, as it was close to the much more powerful Hurricane Earl.
Fiona died just south of Bermuda, but dropped an inch of rain on the island.
Tropical Storm Gaston
Another tropical wave emerged off Africa near the end of August.
Good conditions meant that the tropical wave developed into a tropical depression on September 1st.
Later that day it strengthened to become Tropical Storm Gaston.
However bad conditions meant that Gaston weakened and died soon after.
There was a possibility that the leftovers of Gaston could re-strengthen and affect the Caribbean, however this did not happen.
The leftovers of Tropical Depression Eleven-E from the Pacific Ocean re-strengthened over the Bay of Campeche.
By August 5, the storm had enough power to be called a tropical depression.
Later in the day it strengthened further to become Tropical Storm Hermine.
The storm reached land in north-eastern Mexico on September 7 as a tropical storm.
Hermine blew over trees and power lines in the Rio Grande valley, and one person drowned due to a strong sea current in Texas.
Hermine also created at least two tornadoes.
A tropical wave from Africa strengthened quickly on September 8 to become a tropical depression.
Later it strengthened further to become Tropical Storm Igor to the south of the Cape Verde islands.
Igor weakened to a tropical depression due to mixing with another area of bad weather, but then strengthened to a tropical storm, and then a hurricane on September 11.
Shortly after becoming a hurricane, Igor strengthened faster, reaching strong category 4 hurricane status the following day.
By September 17, it looked like Igor would hit Bermuda in some way, which it did the following day.
Bermuda only got minor effects from Igor, unlike Hurricane Fabian in 2003 which almost destroyed parts of the island.
From there, Igor started moving north and then northeast toward Canada, weakening to a tropical storm early on September 21, and dying later that day.
Hurricane Julia
Another tropical depression started from a tropical wave off of Africa, forming on September 12.
After remaining a tropical depression for the rest of the day, the system strengthened into Tropical Storm Julia early on September 13.
Early on September 14, Julia strengthened into the season's fifth hurricane.
The hurricane strengthened very quickly on September 15, and became a major Category 3 hurricane.
Julia holds the record for the strongest storm to form farthest east.
However, just a day after Julia strengthened to a Category 4, it weakened to a Category 2 hurricane.
An area of low pressure stopped around the Northern Venezuela coast on September 11.
It moved northward and then eastward, bringing bad weather to Hispaniola and Jamaica.
On September 14 the storm strengthened and was named Tropical Storm Karl.
Karl made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula on September 15, and once in the Bay of Campeche, it strengthened into a hurricane.
On September 17 Karl became a Category 3 hurricane, the first major hurricane to exist in the Bay of Campeche.
It reached land near Veracruz, Mexico the next day and died just a few hours later.
A tropical depression formed on September 20 from a tropical wave  off the coast of west Africa.
Six hours later it strengthened to form Tropical Storm Lisa.
The storm moved very slowly around the area of ocean next to the Cape Verde islands.
On September 24 Lisa became a Category 1 hurricane, however weakened quickly back to a tropical depression the next day before dying.
Lisa was not a threat to land.
Tropical Depression Fifteen formed on September 23 in the Caribbean Sea and strengthened to Tropical Storm Matthew.
On September 24 Matthew reached land at the Honduras and Nicaragua border while a tropical storm, and then Belize as a tropical depression.
Matthew produced a lot of rain that flooded portions of southern Mexico.
Tropical Storm Nicole
On September 28, Tropical Depression Sixteen formed from an tropical wave in the northern Caribbean Sea.
The next day, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Nicole and reached land on Cuba close after formation.
After crossing Cuba, the National Hurricane Center could not find the storm centre and decided that Nicole was no longer a tropical storm.
On October 6, bad weather near the Leeward Islands formed into a subtropical depression, a storm that is not a proper tropical storm.
It then strengthened into Subtropical Storm Otto, and a few hours later the National Hurricane Center believed that it was a fully tropical storm, and it became Tropical Storm Otto.
On October 8 Otto strengthened and became a Category 1 hurricane out in the Atlantic.
Soon after, Otto began to weaken and was no longer a hurricane when it passed west of the Azores.
Hurricane Paula
On October 11, an area of Disturbed weather in the Caribbean Sea strengthened into Tropical Storm Paula.
A day later, Paula became a hurricane and soon into a Category 2 storm.
Paula then weakened as it approached Cuba, and hit the island as a tropical storm.
Paula then quickly died after hitting Cuba.
On October 20, an area of Disturbed weather strengthened into Tropical Depression Nineteen, and the next day it became Tropical Storm Richard.
Richard is one of nine Atlantic storms to have a name beginning with the letter 'R'.
On October 24, Richard strengthened into a hurricane and reached land at Belize.
Richard dissipated in the Bay of Campeche on October 26.
Hurricane Shary
On October 28, an area of Disturbed weather south of Bermuda became Tropical Storm Shary.
On October 30, while west of Bermuda, Shary became a Category 1 hurricane.
The same day, Shary became non-tropical and was not known as a hurricane.
On October 29, an area of bad weather north of Guyana became Tropical Storm Tomas.
The storm went west and became a hurricane while over the Windward Islands on October 30 before going into the Caribbean Sea.
Hurricane Tomas weakened into Tropical Storm Tomas on October 31.
On November 3, it weakened into Tropical Depression Tomas.
Tomas turned into a tropical storm later on November 3 and a hurricane again on November 5.
The hurricane went north between Cuba and Haiti and then hit the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands before going into the Atlantic Ocean.
Tomas died in the Atlantic Ocean on November 7.
These are the names that may be used in the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season.
This is the same list used in the 2004 season, except for Colin, Fiona, Igor, and Julia.
In 2004, the names that started with those same letters were Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne, respectively.
They were removed because of the damage they caused.
On March 16, 2011, World Meteorological Organization retired the names Igor and Tomas from its rotating name lists.
The names were replaced with Ian and Tobias
Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale
HPC rainfall page for 2010 Tropical Cyclones
Tropical Cyclone Formation Probability Guidance Product
2010 in weather
Pool, also known as pocket billiards, is the general term for a family of cue sports.
These games are played on a pool table with six holes cut into them called pockets, into which balls are deposited as one of the main goals of play.
Outside the billiards industry, the various games played on these tables are very often called  "pool".
This is due to an association with the "poolrooms" where gamblers "pooled" together their money to bet on horse races.
Because these places often provided billiard tables, the term "pool" became linked to billiards.
Though the original "pool" games were played on pocketless carom billiards tables, the name stuck to pocket billiards as it gained in popularity.
The traditional view of billiards as a refined and noble pastime did not blend well with the low-class connotations of gambling.
Because of this, the billiards industry's attempts to distance itself from the term "pool" beginning in the late 19th century.
They were largely unsuccessful.
There are hundreds of pool games.
Some of the more well known include eight-ball, nine-ball, straight pool, and one-pocket.
The game of snooker is played on a table with pockets but is considered separate from pool.
It is governed internationally by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (professional) and the International Billiards and Snooker Federation (amateur).
There are also hybrid games combining traits of both pool and carom billiards, such as English billiards, American four-ball billiards, cowboy pool and bottle pool.
Pool uses different equipment from carom billiards.
In addition pool tables having pockets, the balls for pool are generally smaller and range from  in diameter to  in diameter.
By comparison, carom billiard balls are generally , or .
While UMB, the International Olympic Committee-recognized world carom billiards authority, permits balls as small as , no major manufacturer produces such balls any longer.
For that reason the normal standard is .
Modern pool tables range in size from  by , to  by .
Modern cue sticks are generally  long for pool while cues prior to 1980 were designed for straight pool and had an average length of , while carom billiards cues are generally  long.
Shamos, Michael Ian.
1993-1999.
The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards.
Jason Mraz (born June 23, 1977) is an American singer and songwriter.
He has put out five albums, Waiting for My Rocket to Come (2002), Mr. A-Z (2005),  We Sing.
We Steal Things (2008),  Love Is a Four Letter Word (2012), and "Yes!"(2014).
Jason Mraz became internationally famous after the release of the single "I'm Yours" from the album We Sing.
Jason Mraz was born and grew up in Mechanicsville, Virginia.
His grandfather was ethnic Czech and moved to the United States from Austria-Hungary in 1915.
Mraz's surname means "frost" in the Czech language. ().
Waiting for My Rocket to Come (2002)
Mr. A–Z (2005)
We Sing.
We Steal Things. (
Love Is a Four Letter Word (2012)
Hanbok (Hangul:한복) refers to traditional Korean clothing.
In North Korea, hanbok is referred to as Choson-ot (조선옷).
One of the most famous characteristics of hanbok is its vivid colors and straight and curved lines.
Although its literal meaning is Korean clothing, it today indicates specifically traditional garment, especially that of Joseon dynasty.
Hanbok has been a great part of Korean culture thoughout history.
Traces of Hanbok have been found even before Three Kingdom period of Korea.
The oldest form of hanbok can be seen in tomb mural paintings from the Goguryeo Kingdom (37 B.C.-668 A.D.).
Korea had two kinds of clothing tradition.
The rulers and noblemen usually wore clothing of different kinds of foreign styles, but subjects continued to use a distinct style of indigenous clothing that today is known as hanbok.
There are several kinds of hanbok.
People wore different sorts according to their social statuses, sexes, jobs; from time to time, they chose special hanbok for ceremonies.
People could figure out the wearer’s job, educational background and even whether he or she was married or not.
There are hanbok for men, women, royal court, government officials and children.
Because hanbok could reveal the wearer’s social status, there were some government regulations on designs, materials and shapes.
For example, only royal families could use golden stripes on their hanbok.
History of Hanbok
Hanbok had a long history.
But the most ancient one that is similar with today’s hanbok would be that of the Three Kingdom period.
During this time, noblewomen started wearing full-length skirts and jackets, and noblemen began to wear roomy trousers bound in at the ankles and belted at the waist.
Thus, aristocrats began to wear what is similar with hanbok in these days.
After Silla unified the Korean peninsula in the 7th century, a new clothing style was introduced, which combined original Korean dress with foreign elements imported from China.
This Chinese style of the Tang Dynasty (618 A.D.-907 A.D.) was regarded as an international clothing style, and was used for the uniforms of government servants and for ceremonial dress.
The most conspicuous difference is that while the original Korean cloth had a straight neckline, the imported Chinese style had a rounded one.
In the ensuing Goryeo (918-1392) and Joseon (1392-1910) periods, hanbok underwent various changes in terms of fashion, and the form that has been known since the time of Joseon.
Koreans carefully consider their national identity in the Sirhak or “Practical Learning” movement of the 17th and 18th centuries, and in fashion, as in other fields, whatever was imported or influenced by foreign factors was subsequently Koreanized.
In the Joseon period, most attire was unified, and most Koreans dressed in a similar way.
Even so, differences in social status appeared in slight differences of design, material, and decoration, so that Koreans in those days could indirectly recognize the class, rank, educational level, and character of the owner of it by fashion style.
Although the basic shape was somewhat similar, we can also tell the season that appeared in paintings from this period by the material that is used in clothing and the use of seasonal attire.
Components of Hanbok
Hanbok consists of various components.
The most famous ones are Jeogori, Chima, and Baji.
Jeogori is a shirts or a jacket for both of female and male.
Chima is a skirt which is usually worn full.
Men usually wore Jeogori and baggy pants called Baji.
Women wore the ensemble of Jeogori and Chima.
Jeogori and Chima are the basic form of hanbok for females, and Baji and Jeogori were for men.
But there are other garments of hanbok.
There are Jokki, Magoja and Po.
Jokki is a vest, Magoja is an outer jacket and Po is an overall outher robe or overcoat.
There are accessories and headdresses that go together with hanbok.
Women wore a wig, called Gache.
As in the West, the bigger and heavier the wigs were, the more elegant they were.
But this heavy wig (Gache) was popular until the 19th century, after which time simple the Gache was preferred to heavier ones due to Confucian values.
Women also had a long pin, called Binyeo.
It was thrust though the knotted hair of a woman.
Various patterns were carved on binyeo, and it was often made of Jade.
Kinds of Hanbok
Traditionally, Korean people have various kinds of hanbok for different purposes.
There were hanboks for men, women, royal court, government officials, children and special ceremonies, like wedding and funeral.
Men’s and women’s everyday hanboks were the basic forms.
The men's jacket is designed to be long because sleeves were added, and not to make the front part open, the two sides of front jacket overlap.
The neck is gathered up into a collar with a white collar strip folded around the neckline.
Breast-ties hold the two sides of the jacket together so that one side is overlapping the other.
Until the mid Joseon period, the breast-ties were short and thin and merely perform its practical purposes to fasten the two sides of the jacket, but in the late Joseon era, they became longer and thicker, showing decorative aspect quite far from their practical usage.
The male costume could include a gown similar to a topcoat which the wearer puts over the jacket and pants, with different sorts of hats and coronets for a noble effect.
People chose different gowns from time to time depending on the occasion.
Although the generous cut of the men's clothes emphasized the individuality of the wearer, the belt framed the upper body for a tidy shape or fit.
The typical male costume in those days is the gentleman's outfit of white or light green gown and black hat.
The harmony of black and white indicates a well-rounded and rational intelligence and a dignified character.
A different girdle in terms of color on the chest adds variety to the contrast of black and white, which could otherwise look serious and solemn.
The women's hanbok includes a jacket and skirt; the men's has a jacket and pants.
The clothes for females and males have an optional gown for added formality.
The jackets of men and women are similar in shape, their length and the color is different.
The women's costume consists of a jacket and skirt with a sleeveless waistcoat and a gown worn when needed to look formal.
Ceremonial attire can be decorated with various ornaments including coronets, bridal headpieces, hairpins, and pendants.
The upper garment fits neatly while the lower garment is more voluminous and wide, and women usually wear various kinds of underwear under the chima (lower garment, the skirt).