the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In 1799, the Tiberina Republic merged to the Roman Republic.
In 1832, 1838 and 1854, Perugia was hit by earthquakes.
Following the collapse of the Roman republic of 1848-49, when the Rocca was in part demolished, it was seized in May 1849 by the Austrians.
In June 1859, the people rebelled against the temporal authority of the Pope and established a provisional government, but the insurrection was quashed bloodily by Pius IX's troops.
In September 1860 the city was united finally, along with the rest of Umbria, as part of the Kingdom of Italy.
Perugia has become famous for chocolate, mostly because of a single firm, Perugina, whose Baci (kisses) are widely exported.
Perugian chocolate is very popular in Italy, and the city hosts a chocolate festival every October.
Even though Perugia is in the Central part of Italy, the city has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), similar to much of Northern Italy.
In 2007, there were 163,287 people living in Perugia, in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, of whom 47.7% were male and 52.3% were female.
Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 16.4 percent of the people, compared to pensioners, who number 21.5%.
This compares with the Italian average of 18.1 percent (minors) and 19.9% (pensioners).
The average age of Perugia residents is 44, compared to the Italian nationwide average of 42.
In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the number of people grew by 7.86%, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.85 percent.
As of 2006, 90.84% of the people were Italian.
The largest immigrant group came from other European countries (particularly from Albania and Romania): 3.93%, the Americas: 2.01%, and North Africa: 1.3%.
Most people are Roman Catholic.
Perugia today hosts two main universities, the ancient University of Perugia (Italian: Università degli Studi) and the University for Foreigners Perugia (Università per Stranieri).
Stranieri serves as an Italian language and culture school for students from all over the world.
Other educational institutions are the Perugia Fine Arts Academy "Pietro Vannucci" (founded in 1573), the Perugia Music Conservatory for the study of classical music, and the RAI Public Broadcasting School of Radio-Television Journalism.
The city is also host to the Umbra Institute, an accredited university program for American students studying abroad.
The Università dei Sapori (University of Tastes), a National centre for Vocational Education and Training in Food, is in the city as well.
The comune includes the frazioni of Bagnaia, Bosco, Capanne, Casa del Diavolo, Castel del Piano, Cenerente, Civitella Benazzone, Civitella d'Arna, Collestrada, Colle Umberto I, Cordigliano, Colombella, Farneto, Ferro di Cavallo, Fontignano, Fratticiola Selvatica, La Bruna, La Cinella, Lacugnano, Lidarno, Migiana di Monte Tezio, Monte Bagnolo, Monte Corneo, Montelaguardia, Monte Petriolo, Mugnano, Olmo, Parlesca, Pianello, Piccione, Pila, Pilonico Materno, Ponte della Pietra, Poggio delle Corti, Ponte Felcino, Ponte Pattoli, Ponte Rio, Ponte San Giovanni, Ponte Valleceppi, Prepo, Pretola, Ramazzano-Le Pulci, Rancolfo, Ripa, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Sant'Egidio, Sant'Enea, San Fortunato della Collina, San Giovanni del Pantano, Sant'Andrea d'Agliano, Santa Lucia, San Marco, Santa Maria Rossa, San Martino dei Colli, San Martino in Campo, San Martino in Colle, San Sisto, Solfagnano, Villa Pitignano.
Collestrada, in the territorio of the suburb of Ponte San Giovanni, saw a battle between the people of Perugia and Assisi in 1202.
The Cathedral of S. Lorenzo.
Church and abbey of San Pietro (late 16th century).
Basilica of San Domenico (begun in 1394 and finished in 1458).
It is in the place where, in the Middle Ages, the market and the horse fair were held, and where the Dominicans settled in 1234.
According to Vasari, the church was designed by Giovanni Pisano.
The interior decorations were redesigned by Carlo Maderno, while the massive belfry was partially cut around mid-16th century.
It houses examples of Umbrian art, including the precious tomb of Pope Benedict XI and a Renaissance wooden choir.
Church of Sant'Angelo or of San Michele Arcangelo (it is the same) (5th-6th centuries).
It is an example of Palaeo-Christian art with central plan recalling that of Santo Stefano Rotondo in Rome.
It has 16 antique columns.
Church of San Bernardino  (with facade by Agostino di Duccio).
Church of Sant' Ercolano (early 14th century).
Currently resembling a polygonal tower, it had once two floors.
The upper one was demolished when the Rocca Paolina was built.
It includes Baroque decorations commissioned from 1607.
The main altar is made of a 4th sarcophagus found in 1609.
Church of Sant'Antonio da Padova di Perugia.
Church of Santa Giuliana, heir of a female monastery founded in 1253, which in its later years gained a reputation for dissoluteness, until the French turned it into a granary.
It is now a military hospital.
The church, with a single nave, has traces of the ancient frescoes (13th century), which probably covered all the walls.
The cloister is a noteworthy example of Cistercian architecture of the mid-14th century, attributed to Matteo Gattapone.
This is contemporary with the upper part of the campanile, whose base is from the 13th century.
Knights Templar church of San Bevignate.
Secular buildings
The Palazzo dei Priori (Town Hall, encompassing the Collegio del Cambio, Collegio della Mercanzia, and Galleria Nazionale), one of Italy's greatest buildings.
The Collegio del Cambio has frescoes by Pietro Perugino, while the Collegio della Mercanzia has a fine later 14th century wooden interior.
Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria, the National Gallery of Umbrian art in Middle Ages and Renaissance (it includes works by Duccio, Piero della Francesca, Beato Angelico, Perugino)
Fontana Maggiore, a medieval fountain designed by Fra Bevignate and sculpted by Nicola and Giovanni Pisano.
Chapel of San Severo, which retains a fresco painted by Raphael and Perugino.
the Rocca Paolina, a Renaissance fortress (1540–1543) of which only a bastion today is remaining.
The original design was by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and Bastiano da Sangallo aka Aristotile da Sangallo), and included the Porta Marzia (3rd century BC), the tower of Gentile Baglioni's house and a mediaeval cellar.
Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia, the university's botanical garden
the Ipogeo dei Volumni (Hypogeum of the Volumnus family), an Etruscan chamber tomb
an Etruscan Well (Pozzo Etrusco).
National Museum of Umbrian Archaeology, where one of the longest inscription in Etruscan is conserved, the so-called Cippus perusinus.
Etruscan Arch (also known as Porta Augusta), an Etruscan gateway with Roman elements.
Centro Direzionale (1982–1986), an administration civic center owned by the Umbria Region.
The building was designed by the Pritzker Architecture prize winner Aldo Rossi.
Perugia has had a rich tradition of art and artists.
The High Renaissance painter Pietro Perugino created some of his masterpieces in the Perugia area.
The other High Resaissance master Raphael was also active in Perugia and painted his famous Oddi Altar there in 1502-1504.
Today, the Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria in Perugia houses a number of masterpieces, including the Madonna with Child and Six Angels (Duccio), which represents the Renaissance Roman Catholic Marian art of Duccio.
Also, the private Art Collection of the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia has two separate locations.
The Umbria Jazz Festival is one of the most important venues for Jazz in Europe and has been held annually since 1973, usually in July.
Sagra Musicale Umbra
The International Journalism Festival (Festival del Giornalismo).
Eurochocolate, usually in October each year.
|- style="font-size:87%"
|  Umbria Jazz Festival 2008
|  International Journalism Festival 2009
|    Eurochocolate 2008
Perugia has taken drastic measures against car traffic.
At certain hours of the day, driving is forbidden in the city centre.
Large parking lots are provided in the lower town, from where escalators lead up through the Rocca Paolina into the city.
Since 2008, a MiniMetro has also been in operation, with seven stations.
Perugia railway station, also known as Perugia Fontivegge, was opened in 1866.
It forms part of the Foligno–Terontola railway, which also links Florence with the Roma Termini railway station in Rome.
The station is at Piazza Vittorio Veneto, in the heavily populated district of Fontivegge, about  southwest of the city centre.
San Egidio Airport is  outside the city.
Twin towns—Sister cities
Aix-en-Provence, France
Bratislava, Slovakia, since 1962
Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
Potsdam, Germany
Seattle, United States
Tübingen, Germany
Perugia Calcio - local football club
Official Perugia Website
Official Perugia Tourism Website
Cities in Umbria
Terni () is a comune and city in the Umbria region, in central Italy.
Terni is the capital of the province of Terni.
It is one of the most important industrial towns of Umbria.
The comune of Terni is in the valley of the Nera river; it has an area of  and its altitude is .
Terni borders with the  comuni Stroncone, San Gemini, Montefranco (a small part), Arrone, Narni, Montecastrilli (a very small part), Acquasparta, Spoleto (Province of Perugia) and two comuni of the province Rieti in the Lazio regionː Rieti and Labro.
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Terniː Acquapalombo, Appecano, Battiferro, Cecalocco, Cesi, Collegiacone, Collescipoli, Collestatte, Giuncano Alto, Giuncano Scalo, Marmore, Miranda, Papigno, Piediluco, Poggio Lavarino, Polenaco, Porzano, Pracchia, Rocca San Zenone, San Carlo, San Liberatore, Titurano, Torreorsina.
, there are 112,133 persons (52,703 males and 59,430 females) living in the comune, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
People from Terni
Saint Valentine, bishop and martyred saint
Cartagena, Spain
Saint-Ouen, France
Prague 8, Czech Republic
Dunaújváros, Hungary
Aousserd, Western Sahara
List of comuni of the Province of Terni
Terni official website
A biological weapon is a weapon that delivers toxins or pathogens (like bacteria or viruses), with the goal of making people sick or killing them.
Biological weapons are also called bio-weapons.
Their use in war is called biological warfare.
Parts of a biological weapon
A biological weapon usually has two parts.
The first is the biological agent (also called a bio-agent, biological threat agent, or biological warfare agent).
This is the pathogen that is meant to make people sick.
The second is the delivery system - how the biological agent is going to get to and expose the people it is supposed to infect.
Some bio-agents can be "weaponized" - changed to make them more dangerous.
For example, sometimes scientists can change a pathogen's genes so the pathogen is deadlier, and so it will not be killed by usual antidotes or treatments.
Some bio-agents can be changed so they are easier to store, spread, or use as weapons.
Examples of biological agents
Examples of some biological agents and toxins are listed below.
Experts have said that these pathogens could be used as biological weapons.
A few already have been used, including anthrax, bubonic plague, smallpox, and ricin.
Bacterial agents
Viral agents
Biological toxins
Examples of delivery systems
In the past, countries have designed many different delivery systems for exposing people to biological agents.
These systems have included:
Bombs, missiles, hand grenades, and rockets, with the biological agent inside
Tanks that could spray bio-agents from airplanes, cars, trucks, and boats
Aerosol sprayers
Brushes to contaminate surfaces with bio-agents
Ways of contaminating food and clothing
Examples of biological weapons
A biological agent by itself is not enough to make a biological weapon.
Neither is a delivery system by itself.
A biological weapon has to have both: the bio-agent that is meant to make people sick, and a system to deliver that agent.
Biological weapon -Citizendium
Harper Lee (April 28, 1926 - February 19, 2016) was an American writer.
She was born in Monroeville, Alabama.
She was most famous for writing To Kill a Mockingbird.
That book was published in 1959.
Civil rights issues in Alabama influenced her writing.
Harper Lee's interests apart from writing were watching politicians and cats, travelling and being alone.
Throughout her life, Lee had said that she would never publish another novel.
However, in 2015, Lee announced Go Set a Watchman, a sequel to To Kill A Mockingbird.
In 1926, Harper Lee was born in the Monroeville, Alabama.
She was the youngest child out of three children.
Her father was a law expert and part of the Alabama State lawmaking body.
Her mother had trouble with mental illness.
The class before first grade, she made a friend named Truman Capote who also later become a fiction writer, short-story writer, and wrote plays.
So when they were young, she used to act the scene again that was part of the well known book Rover Boys with her friend Truman.
Harper Lee went to the Monroe County High School in Monroeville.
She used to take part in many activities at school, and was part of Glee Club and literary honorary "society".
She went to the all-female Huntingdon College in Montgomery following her sister who became a law expert.
Later, Lee changed the school to the University of Alabama and started to learn about the law.
But she wasn’t really interested in the things that she was learning.
Though she was really interested in her studies and her writings.
Lee wrote amusing, and funny school magazines that came out regularly, Rammer Jammer and became its editor. "
For one year," she went to Oxford University as a student who studies outside his or her home country.
But still, Lee didn’t like the law.
Her father was giving money for her education, but Lee thought that she needed to be self-supporting.
So she dropped out of the University and moved to New York to do what she loved.
Her interest in a book inspired Lee to write many long stories.
Lee wrote many to write few longer stories, Lee moved to New York to chase after a career as a writer.
Hohoff, the editor of To Kill a Mockingbird convinced Lee to write a new novel from the point of view of Scout as a child.
Two years later, it became "To Kill a Mockingbird".
Harper Lee works impressed many companies.
She went to many schools and her interest in literature got her to write many novels.
Her novels became popular.
Harper Lee also worked with Truman Capote as he inspired her to become an author.
Harper Lee died from a stroke at the age of 89, just seven months after the release of Go Set a Watchman, the controversial sequel To Kill a Mockingbird.
She died in her sleep from a stroke in 2007.
She died peacefully.
Lee's oldest nephew and family spokesperson, said in a statement on Friday: "This is a sad day for our family.
She has touched people known her as a devoted friend and family member."
Lee signed her will eight days before her death.
Her funeral was on February 20th.
It was held at First United Methodist Church in Monroeville.
Writers from Alabama
Truman Capote (born Truman Streckfus Persons, September 30, 1924 - August 25, 1984) was an American author.
He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana and grew up in Monroeville, Alabama, New York City and Greenwich, Connecticut.
He is best known for writing the half-true novel, In Cold Blood.
The novel is based on a murder that happened in Kansas in the 1950s.
He became good friends with the man accused of the murder.
Capote was openly gay.
He died of liver cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 59.
Actors from Louisiana
LGBT people from Alabama
LGBT people from Connecticut
Screenwriters from Louisiana
Ubuntu is a free operating system that uses the Linux kernel.
The word "ubuntu" is an African word meaning "humanity to others".
It is pronounced "oo-boon-too".
It is one of the most popular Linux distributions and it is based on Debian Linux computer operating system.
The goal with Ubuntu is to make it easy to use and install onto a computer.
Ubuntu can be used on all types of personal computers (and even devices such as robots) including in Windows 10.
Ubuntu is downloaded as a DVD, which is free to download on the Ubuntu website.
It can be installed or tested by running the DVD.
A new release of Ubuntu is released every six months, with long-term support (LTS) releases every two years.
The latest release is 20.10 ("Groovy Gorilla"), while the most recent long-term support release (what most users may want to choose) is 20.04 LTS ("Focal Fossa"), which is supported until 2028.
Packages and software support
Ubuntu splits all software into four different categories to show differences in licensing and the amount of support available.
Free software here includes only software that meets the Ubuntu licensing requirements, which almost are the same as the Debian Free Software Guidelines.
There is one difference for the Main category, however it has firmware and fonts which cannot be changed, but are included if Ubuntu will not work right.
Non-free software is usually unsupported (Multiverse), but some exceptions (Restricted) are given for very important non-free software.
Supported non-free software include device drivers that are needed to run Ubuntu on current hardware.
The level of support in the Restricted category is less than that of Main, since the developers may not be able to get to the source code.
It is wanted that Main and Restricted should contain all the software needed for a general-use Linux system.
Besides the official repositories is Ubuntu Backports, which is an officially known project to backport newer software from later releases of Ubuntu.
The repository is not comprehensive (meaning that it has parts missing from it); it is mostly made up of user-requested packages, which are accepted if they meet quality guidelines.
The number of the Ubuntu release is 'X.YY', with 'X' being the year of release (minus 2000) and 'Y' being the month of release.
For example, Ubuntu 4.10 was released in October (the tenth month of the year), 2004.
The name of the release (for example, Breezy Badger) is an adjective (a describing word) followed by the name of an animal.
LTS indicates Long Term Support.
Ubuntu Kylin, an official derivative aimed at the Chinese market
Kubuntu, a desktop distribution using KDE rather than GNOME
Ubuntu Server Edition, which is mainly used on servers to provide services.
This version only comes with a command line interface, but a graphical user interface can be installed.
Xubuntu, a "lightweight" distribution based on the Xfce desktop environment instead of GNOME, designed to run better on low-specification computers
Lubuntu, a desktop using the LXDE desktop environment
Ubuntu Budgie, a desktop using the Budgie desktop environment
Ubuntu MATE, a desktop using the MATE desktop environment
Ubuntu Studio, a multimedia-creation form of Ubuntu
Edubuntu, a distribution designed for classrooms using Unity
Kubuntu – Ubuntu with KDE
Edubuntu – Ubuntu for children to learn with
Xubuntu – Ubuntu with Xfce
Ubuntu Guide (unofficial)  – help manual, tips, FAQ, and software guide
Run Ubuntu online
Debian-based Linux distributions
The story is about a man named Steve who goes away for 40 days and 40 nights (like Jesus).
When he comes back he is convinced he is the Son of God but nobody believes him.
He turns day into night and everyone believes him then.
He has a message from God to find the "Third Message".
He finds from his friend July that the Third Message is her writings and one of her writings demands that he die.
When Steve dies, he does not go to Heaven as it is destroyed, along with God, Satan and Hell.
This is so humanity can work things out for itself.
2003 British television series debuts
2003 British television series endings
British drama television series
Eid ul-Fitr, after fasting the month of Ramadan, on the first day of Shawwal.
Eid ul-Adha, remembering Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son to Allah, on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah, for those not on pilgrimage.
Are the two Eids pagan?
Quranaloneislam.org
Alessandria is an Italian city in Piemonte.
It has 94,280 people.
Asti () is an Italian city in Piemonte.
It has 74,392 people living in it.
Cities in Piedmont
Biella () is an Italian city in Piemonte.
It has 45,822 people.
Cuneo is an Italian city in Piemonte.
It has 54,992 people.
Novara () is an Italian city in Piemonte.
There are 102,630 people living there.
Vercelli () is an Italian city in Piemonte.
About 46,000 people live there.
Katherine Moss (born 16 January 1974), better known as Kate Moss, is an English model.
Moss rose to fame in the early 1990s.
She is known for her waifish figure, and her role in size zero fashion.
She is also famous for her controversial private life, high profile relationships, party lifestyle, and drug use.
In 2007, she came 2nd on the Forbes top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $9 million in one year.
Aside from modelling, Moss has started several ventures, including her own clothing line and various musical projects.
She was found at the age of 14 by Sarah Doukes of the Storm Modeling Agency in 1988 while in an airport.
Moss' career began when Corinne Day shot black and white photographs of her for British magazine The Face, in a photo shoot titled "The Third Summer of Love".
Moss starred in a series of Calvin Klein in the 1990s, spurring a period of waify "heroin chic" in the modelling world.
She was photographed with a blank face, as if affected by drugs or exhausted.
Charity work
Moss has been a supporter of the Breakthrough Breast Cancer charity, and in the 1990s featured in one of their target T-shirt campaigns.
She also supported War Child.
Moss also designed a charm in a necklace for Wallis in 2007 in aid of Cancer Research UK and said "I am happy to give my support to help fund crucial research, as so many lives are affected by this terrible disease".
She has also helped to launch the SamandRuby charity in March 2006.
The charity was started to provide funding for the education and shelter of Thai children.
The SamandRuby organisation is named after a friend of Moss's Samantha Archer Fayet and her 6 month old daughter Ruby Rose who were killed by the Tsunami while visiting Thailand.
Moss also supports the Elton John AIDS Foundation, the Hoping Foundation, the Lucie Blackman Trust, Make Poverty History, Comic Relief and Homes of Hope which her close friend Sadie Frost also supports.
Moss checked herself into a psychiatric centre in 1998, claiming she was suffering from "exhaustion."
She was suffering from depression over her separation from longtime boyfriend, actor Johnny Depp who was with her from 1994 to 1998.
On 15 September 2005, photos were shown in newspapers that seemed to show Moss snorting several lines of cocaine.
Moss lost major modeling contracts with several international companies.
She was able to continue her career after a detoxication and was on both the 2005 and 2006 list of Forbes The Celebrity 100.
On 29 September 2002, Lila Grace, her daughter was born.
The father is Dazed & Confused editor Jefferson Hack.
Models from London
Alesha Anjanette Dixon (born 7 October 1978) is a British singer and television personality.
She was born in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England.
Her mother was Scottish.
Her father was Jamaican.
She was a member of the British girl band, Mis-Teeq.
She released her first UK solo album, The Alesha Show, in 2008.
Dixon's career began in 1999 when she met Sabrina Washington.
They had both joined Dance Attic (a popular dance class school in West London).
They recorded a demo called "Inspiration".
During an audition, they met with Su-Elise Nash, and then formed a trio.
They were soon signed to Telstar Records with a new member, Zena McNally.
They became the popular UK garage/R&B girl band, Mis-Teeq.
They released their first single, "Why?",
in 2000.
Soon, McNally left the band to perform by herself.
The band decided to remain a trio.
In 2001, they released their first album Lickin' On Both Sides.
It had the songs "All I Want", "One Night Stand", "B With Me" and "Roll On / This Is How We Do It".
In 2003, they released their second album Eye Candy.
That album had the songs "Scandalous", "Can't Get It Back" and "Style".
In 2004, Mis-Teeq toured the United States.
They released their first single "Scandalous" from their first American album Mis-Teeq.
MisTeeq was a compilation of the albums Lickin' On Both Sides and Eye Candy.
They released One Night Stand before coming back to Europe to start work with their third album.
However, Telstar Records was shut down and the band had to have a 'Greatest Hits' compilation released under exclusive licenses with Universal Recording Company.
Dixon appeared in the N*E*R*D* music video for "She Wants to Move".
That song was from their second album Fly Or Die.
The last song she recorded with her band was "Shoo Shoo Baby".
It was recorded for the Disney movie Valiant.
In March 2005, they released their 'Greatest Hits' compilation.
They also announced that they were going to start working separately.
Dixon later announced that she signed a ₤500,000 contract deal with Polydor Records.
She also announced that she will work on material for her first solo album.
In the summer of 2005, she married her long-time fiancé, rapper MC Harvey (formerly of So Solid Crew).
Dixon spent a year preparing for her solo first album, Fired Up.
In June 2005, she announced the single "Superficial".
After the song leaked illegally, the company said her next single would be "Lipstick".
She released "Lipstick" on 14 August 2006.
It went to No.
13 on the UK Single Charts.
Dixon worked with several producers for her first solo album, including Richard X, Xenomania, Johnny Douglas, Brian Higgins, and Paul Eppe.
She worked on a song with famous UK rapper Estelle.
Dixon announced that her second single would be "Knock Down".
She calls the song "reggae-influenced".
It was released on 30 October 2006.
An album promo of Fired Up was released during the early weeks of September.
It had the songs "Lipstick", "Knock Down", "Ting-A-Ling", "Fired Up", and "Free".
All those songs were expected to be on her first album.
After "Knock Down" did not chart in the top 40 her record company dumped her. "
Fired Up" was not released anywhere except Japan.
After winning Strictly Come Dancing in 2007 she made a comeback.
In 2008, Dixon released "The Boy Does Nothing", the lead single from her album The Alesha Show.
She then released "Breathe Slow" which charted at No.
3 on the UK singles chart.
That was her highest-charting single so far.
Dixon released her third album, The Entertainer, in 2010.
Fired Up (2006)
The Alesha Show (2008)
The Entertainer (2010)
Do It For Love (2015)
Official Alesha Dixon website
British rap musicians
Television personalities from Hertfordshire
Lake Tahoe or Tahoe is a fresh water lake in the Sierra Nevada.
It is on the borders of the states of California and Nevada, in the United States of America.
Lake Tahoe is one of the deepest (1645 feet/501 m), largest (192 sq.
mi./497 km²), and highest elevation (6229 feet/1898 m) lakes in the United States.
Of the lakes in the United States, only Oregon's Crater Lake is deeper at 1930 feet (588 m).
Some visitors experience altitude sickness, because there is less oxygen in the air at higher altitudes.
To fight this, experts recommend avoiding heavy exercise or drinking alcohol until the body adjusts to the lower oxygen level.
Bodies of water of California
Geography of Nevada
"Dull" redirects here.
For information on the word dull, please see dull.
Dull is a village located in the county of Perth & Kinross in Scotland.
It is in the Highland part of the county.
There is only one street of houses in Dull, on the north side of the valley of the River Tay.
The place-name means 'meadow' in Gaelic.
The parish church, unused since the 1970s, is on the site of an early Christian monastery founded by St. Adomnán, Abbot of Iona.
Villages in Scotland
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a book by Robert Louis Stevenson.
It was published in 1886.
The book has been adapted to movies, comic books, and other media.
Dr Henry Jekyll is a respected doctor.
He believes that man has both good and evil sides.
He creates a serum of a special drug.
It is supposed to separate the two different sides.
He tests it on himself.
The experiment succeeds all too well.
Dr Jekyll changes into his evil self, Edward Hyde.
Hyde commits horrible crimes in London, and changes back into Dr Jekyll.
Eventually, Jekyll turns into Hyde without wishing to, with terrible consequences.
The novel is based on the Victorian English idea of pretending to be someone else, and acting a different way around other people to look more respectable.
This is shown by Jekyll changing into Hyde.
It is also a variation on the theme of "scientist meddling with nature comes to grief".
1886 books
Books by Robert Louis Stevenson
Dissociative identity disorder in fiction
Horror novels
Bipolar disorder in fiction
Hafez al-Assad (, ; 6 October 1930 – 10 June 2000) was president of Syria from 1971 until his death.
He was also the general of Syrian Air Force from 1955 - 1972.
He was born in Qardaha and died in Damascus.
He had four sons and a daughter.
His eldest son Bassel al-Assad died in 1994.
In 2000, al-Assad died of a heart attack.
He was succeeded as president by his second-oldest son Bashar al-Assad (born 1965), who still has that job.
Prime Ministers of Syria
Presidents of Syria
Syrian military people
Eroticism is the quality of sexual excitement.
In other words, if something is sexually exciting, then it is said to be erotic.
Eroticism is an erotic feeling.
It is named after Eros, the Ancient Greek god of love.
Many types of things can be part of eroticism.
Things that make a person feel erotic (sexually aroused or excited) include the sight, touch, smell, and sound of another person.
A person may feel erotic when they see or touch or smell, or hear someone that they love in a sexual way.
Sometimes eroticism has nothing to do with another person.
A person might feel erotic from watching a movie, looking at pictures in a magazine, listening to a piece of music, reading a story or article, or just thinking their own thoughts, or being aware of their own body.
In fact, everything can be eroticism for someone.
What makes eroticism?
Some things are designed and made especially to make people feel erotic.
Things that are designed to make people feel erotic are called "erotica".
This word is most often used for art, books and magazines.
Art  Sometimes artists create erotic works of art such as drawings, paintings and sculpture.
They might do this because they want to make a record of a person or a relationship that is special to them.
But more often, artists make erotic art for people who would like to buy it.
Books Many books have been written that tell erotic stories, or which give advice about how to make love in an erotic way.
Movies Many people enjoy watching erotic movies.
Magazines Many magazines have lots of photos of people naked or in sexy clothing, and with erotic expressions and gestures (actions).
Avertising Erotic photos are often used for advertising.
For example, a beautiful young woman with an erotic expression on her face might be used to advertise hair products, clothes, chocolates, cars, and all sorts of other things.
Clothing Some clothing is designed to look erotic.
Some underwear, in particular, is especially designed to look erotic.
Food Some food is said to make people feel erotic.
Food can also be used as an erotic sign or be eaten in an erotic way.
Perfume Many perfumes have substances in them that effect the human brain in a way that makes a person feel erotic.
Eroticism and pornography
Most people believe there is a difference between erotica and pornography, but some people have argued that all erotica is "pornographic". (
In other words, some people believe that all pictures, movies or writing which are sexually exciting are rude and wrong, and should not be made.)
People who have studied this subject say that erotica is not harmful to anyone, and may be helpful with people's loving relationships.
The same writers say that pornography, which generally shows a person being treated without respect or love, is not helpful with people's loving relationships.
A Tarantella is a very fast dance in 6/8 time.
The name comes from the town of Taranto in Italy.
People used to believe that if someone was bitten by a tarantula spider they needed to do this dance in order to drive out the poison.
The dancer would get more and more excited until he (or she) seemed mad.
Some people think that maybe these people never really believed this, but that it was an excuse to dance at a time when the church said that dancing was not allowed.
The spider is, in fact, only a little bit poisonous.
Some composers enjoyed writing fast pieces in 6/8 time which they called "Tarantella".
Mendelssohn wrote one as the last movement of his Symphony no 4 (the Italian).
Chopin and Liszt also wrote Tarantellas.
The flag of Germany (German: Bundesflagge) was adopted in its present form in 1919.
It was readopted with the new constitution of 1949.
It has three colours and is made of three equal horizontal bands coloured black (top), red, and gold (bottom).
The Dienstflagge or service flag is the version of the flag for government use.
It has the national coat of arms in the centre.
Ships of the German Navy use this flag with a triangle cut out of the end as an ensign.
Some states use the national flag with the state coat of arms as a state flag, the black stands for determination, red for bravery and yellow for valor.
Under the Nazi government between 1933 and 1945, Germany used a different flag with a swastika on it.
It is not legal to put up this flag in Germany now.
Ancona ( (elbow)) is a comune and a seaport in the Marche region, in central Italy.
Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region.
Ancona is on the Adriatic Sea.
It is the center of the province and the capital of the region.
The city is  northeast of Rome.
The town is between Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco.
The comune borders with the following comuniː Agugliano, Camerano, Camerata Picena, Falconara Marittima, Offagna, Osimo, Polverigi, Sirolo.
The average temperature for the year in Ancona is .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Ancona is .
There are 100,696 persons living in the comune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
The people from this comune are known, in Italian, as anconetani or anconitani.
The Cathedral of Ancona, dedicated to St Cyriacus, was consecrated at the beginning of the 11th century and completed in 1189.
It is a fine Romanesque building in grey stone, built in the form of a Greek cross, and other elements of Byzantine art.
It has a 12-sided dome over the center slightly altered by Margaritone d'Arezzo in 1270.
The interior, which has a crypt under each transept, in the main preserves its original character.
It has ten columns which are attributed to the temple of Venus, and there are good screens of the 12th century, and other sculptures.
The church was carefully restored in the 1980s.
The marble Arch of Trajan,  high, was erected in 114/115 as an entrance to the causeway atop the harbor wall in honor of the emperor who had made the harbor, is one of the finest Roman monuments in the Marche.
The Lazzaretto planned by architect Luigi Vanvitelli in 1732 is a pentagonal building covering more than  20,000 m², It is currently used for cultural exhibits.
The Episcopal Palace was the place where Pope Pius II died in 1464.
The Palazzo del Comune, with its lofty arched substructures at the back, was the work of Margaritone d'Arezzo, but has been restored twice.
Church of San Francesco alle Scale
There are also several fine late Gothic buildings, including the Palazzo Benincasa, the Palazzo del Senato and the Loggia dei Mercanti, all by Giorgio da  Sebenico, and the Palazzo del Governo, which has Renaissance additions.
Galaţi, Romania
Ribnica, Slovenia
Castlebar, Ireland
Fermo () is a comune and city in the Marche region, in central Italy.
Fermo is the capital of the province of Fermo.
Fermo is on a hill only a few miles from the coast of the Adriatic Sea.
It is region with a high population density near seaports like Porto San Giorgio and Porto Sant'Elpidio.
Fermo is on a hill, the Sabulo,  high, at about  from the Adriatic Sea.
It has an area of  and its altitude is .
The comune borders with the following comuniː Altidona, Lapedona and Monterubbiano to the south; Ponzano di Fermo to the southwest; Grottazzolina, Magliano di Tenna and Rapagnano to the west; Torre San Patrizio to the northwest; Monte Urano, Sant'Elpidio a Mare and Porto Sant'Elpidio to the north.
To the east is Porto San Giorgio and the Adriatic Sea.
The comune has two small exclavesː the largest (Gabbiano) has an area of  and is surrounded by Mogliano (province of Macerata), Francavilla d'Ete, Massa Fermana and Montegiorgio; and the smallest (Boara) has an area of  and is surrounded by Montegiorgio, Magliano di Tenna, Grottazzolina and Belmonte Piceno.
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Fermoː Camera, Campiglione, Cantagallo, Casabianca, Capodarco, Cartiera di Tenna, Concerie, Contrada Boara, Ete Palazzina, Faleriense, Gabbiano, Girola, Lido di Fermo, Madonnetta d'Ete, Marina Palmense, Moie, Molini Tenna, Montesecco, Montone, Parete, Pompeiana, Ponte Ete Vivo, Sacri Cuori, Salette, Salvano, San Biagio, San Girolamo, San Lorenzo, San Marco, San Michele, Lido San Tommaso, Torre di Palme and Villa San Claudio.
There are 37,396 persons living in the comune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
The people from this comune are known, in Italian, as fermani.
Bahía Blanca, Argentina
Ansbach, Germany
León, Mexico
Fermo official website
Cities in Marche
Macerata  is a city and comune in the Marche region, central Italy.
It is the capital of the province of Macerata.
The football team is A.C. Maceratese.
They play in the D League.
The historical city centre is on a hill between the Chienti and Potenza rivers.
The comune of Macerata has an area of  and its altitude is .
Macerata borders with the  comuni Corridonia, Montecassiano, Pollenza, Appignano, Treia, Montelupone, Morrovalle, Recanati and Tolentino (a small part).
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Macerataː Acquesalate, Acquevive, Botonto San Giacomo, Botonto Sant'Isidoro, Cervare, Cimarella, Cincinelli, Collevario, Colleverde, Consalvi, Corneto, Helvia Recina, Isola, Madonna del Monte, Montanello, Piediripa, Sforzacosta, Valle, Vallebona, Valteia, Villa Potenza.
There are 42,209 persons living in the comune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
The people from this comune are known, in Italian, as maceratesi.
Weiden in der Oberpfalz, Germany, since 1963
Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, since 1982
Floriana, Malta, since 2007
Kamëz, Albania, since 13 March 2010
Sheffield, UK, since 2013
Macerata official website
For the policy on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Blocks and bans.
A ban is an action used to stop people from doing something, either bad or dangerous.
Ban can also be made on products.
For example, Singapore, a country, bans chewing gum.
Ban may sometimes be made on the Internet, where an administrator or a moderator with higher powers than other members can stop vandals from causing harm to others.
Sometimes, users of a website say that moderators or administrators have banhammers that they use to ban bad users.
Neurology is a medical specialty that deals with the disorders of the nervous system.
Neurology is about the medical diagnosis and treatment of conditions and illnesses of the nervous system.
This can include both the physical condition of the brain, nerves, and brain messages between the body and the nervous system.
Neurological practice relies heavily on the field of neurobiology, which is the scientific study of the nervous system.
World Federation of Neurology coordinates neurology reserches.
Neurology also references to animals, not only to humans.
Some Common Neurological Illnesses and Conditions
BrainTalk Support Groups for all Neurological conditions and diseases
European Federation of Neurological Societies
Stephen Robert Irwin  (22 February 1962 – 4 September 2006) was an Australian zookeeper, television personality, wildlife expert, environmentalist, and conservationist.
He was famous for the television program The Crocodile Hunter, a well-known real-life animal program that he made with his wife Terri Irwin.
Irwin's character and adventures on his program made him an international star.
Irwin's mother and father were Lyn and Bob Irwin was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
The family moved to Queensland in 1970, when Irwin was 8.
Bob Irwin was very interested in reptiles (a type of animal that includes snakes and crocodiles).
When the family moved, Bob and Lyn Irwin started the small Queensland Reptile and Fauna Park.
Irwin lived there until he became an adult.
Irwin worked in his family's park when he was nine: feeding the animals, and taking care of the grounds.
He began working with crocodiles when he was nine, and became a crocodile-trapper (someone who traps crocodiles without killing them) when he was older.
Irwin trapped crocodiles that were near places where people lived, and kept them for the park.
He also worked for free for the Queensland Government's East Coast Crocodile Management program.
Irwin became head of the park in 1991 and changed the name to Australia Zoo.
In 1992, at the Zoo, he met and married Terri Raines.
As part of the marriage event, Irwin and his wife went on a journey to trap crocodiles.
The journey was recorded for television and became the first part of the television show The Crocodile Hunter.
This show made Irwin famous.
The Crocodile Hunter has been seen by people in 120 countries across the world, and has a large number of fans (people who like it very much) in the UK and Australia.
Irwin made the zoo larger by adding the Animal Planet Crocoseum, a place where rainforest birds can be seen, and the Tiger Temple.
He also started the World Wildlife Warriors (which was named the Steve Irwin Conservation Foundation), an organization that tries to preserve rare animals that are in danger of dying out.
In 2003, one of the locomotives on The Ghan, the Adelaide to Darwin railway was named the Steve Irwin.
At about 11:00 a.m. Australian eastern standard time (01:00 UTC) on 4 September 2006, Irwin was cut in the chest by the tail of a stingray (a large sea animal) while snorkeling (a way of swimming using a tube to help you breathe under water) in Batt Reef, near Port Douglas in Queensland, Australia.
He died from the wound.
At the time, Irwin was being recorded for a television show, The Ocean's Deadliest.
Bad weather had stopped recording and Irwin took the time to record some different pictures for another program.
Irwin's friend, John Stainton, was on Irwin's boat.
Stainton says Irwin swam too near to one of the animals - "He came on top of the stingray and the stingray's barb (a point on the stingrays' tail) went up and into his chest and put a hole into his heart".
His wife (Terri Irwin) did not find out about his death until a few hours later because she was trekking in Tasmania.
The Ten Deadliest Snakes in the World with Steve Irwin, 1998
Steve Irwin Still in Running for Award
Farewell to a larrikin adventurer, killed in his prime
Accidental deaths in Australia
Australian activists
People from Melbourne
People from the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Karlstad is a city in Värmland, Sweden.
About 58,544 people live there.
Karlstad has a University and a Cathedral.
Search and seizure is an act that police and other law enforcement authorities are allowed to do.
It is when they search a place for evidence of a crime.
If they find that evidence, they may take it.
They usually knock the door down with a search warrant.
Warrants are a document stating that the government has permission to go into a building due to found evidence.
Law enforcement techniques
I is impulse (sometimes marked J),
F is the force, and
dt shows it is with respect to time.
Impulse is also described as the change in momentum.
If the force and the mass of the object do not change, impulse can be simply expressed as:
F is the constant total net force applied,
Δt is the time over which the force is applied,
m is the constant mass of the object,
Δv is the change in velocity produced by the force in the time that passed, and
Δp is the change in linear momentum.
de:Impuls#Kraftstoß
sv:Rörelsemängd#Impuls
A ruler (or 'rule') is an instrument of measurement.
Rulers measure length.
Length is how long or short something is.
Most rulers work by having numbers (parallel to the measuring edge) and little lines (perpendicular to the measuring edge).
Rulers can also be used as a straight edge to draw lines with.
Rulers come in many different forms.
They can be made of plastic, wood and metal, and other materials.
Rulers also come in a variety of lengths.
For example, there are 1 metre rulers, 30 centimetre rulers, 20 centimetre rulers and 15 centimetre rulers.
These are examples of metric rulers.
You can also get 1 yard rulers, 18 inch rulers and 6 inch rulers, etc.
These are examples of imperial rulers.
In biology, a mutation is a change in the genetic material.
This means changes to the DNA or to the chromosomes which carry the DNA.
These changes are heritable (can be passed on to the next generation) unless they have lethal effects.
Mutations can happen for several reasons.
It can happen because of errors when meiosis produces the gametes (eggs & sperms).
Damage by radiation, or by certain chemicals may cause mutations.
Mutations occur at random.
Also, by derivation, an individual carrying the mutation may be called a mutant or a mutation.
So is the trait (character) most obviously affected by the mutation.
Types of mutation
DNA mutations
When DNA is copied mistakes are sometimes made – these are called mutations.
Deletion, where one or more DNA bases are left out.
Substitution, where one or more bases are changed for another base in the sequence.
Duplication, where whole genes are copied.
Chromosome mutations
Deletion: a piece of chromosome is lost, together with any genes which may be on it.
Duplication: part of a chromosome is repeated
Inversion: part of a chromosome is reversed end to end
Insertion: a smaller chromosome is added into a longer chromosome
Translocation: part of a chromosome gets moved onto another chromosome
Results of mutation
Mutations may be bad for the organism, or neutral, or benefit the organism.
Sometimes mutations are fatal for the organism – the protein made by the 'new' DNA does not work at all, and causing the embryo to die.
Mutations are the ultimate source of variation, upon which natural selection acts.
What happens is that some mutations affect the organism's ability to live and reproduce.
This is an important part of the theory of evolution.
The amount of heritable variation carried by a population can be huge, and as a result natural populations can change and adapt to conditions in their environment.
Södermanland is a province of Sweden.
A part of Stockholm is in Södermanland.
Dalarna, Dalercarlia or the Dales is a province in Sweden.
The province was part of Svealand before Sweden was consolidated in the 11th century.
The stingrays are a large suborder of the rays.
They are cartilaginous fish related to sharks.
They are in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes, which consists of nine families.
Most stingrays have one or more barbed stings on the tail, which is used only for self-defence.
The sting may reach about 35 cm, and its underside has two grooves with venom glands.
The sting is covered with a thin layer of skin, the sheath, in which the venom is held.
A few members of the suborder, such as the manta rays and the porcupine ray, do not have stings.
Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world.
There are species in warm temperate oceans, and some found in the ocean.
Most stingrays live at or near the bottom of the water, but some are pelagic.
Stingrays settle on the bottom while feeding, often leaving only their eyes and tail visible.
Coral reefs are favorite feeding grounds and are usually shared with sharks during high tide.
The flattened bodies of stingrays allow them to hide themselves.
Stingrays agitate the sand and hide beneath it.
Their eyes are on top of their bodies and their mouths on the undersides.
Stingrays  use smell and electro-receptors (like those of sharks) to find their prey.