the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In the Doom II user manual, BFG is said to stand for "Big Fuckin Gun".
In the Doom movie, it is named the "Bio Force Gun" but "Big Fucking Gun" is said when the gun is first seen).
The Quake II manual says BFG stands for "Big, uh, freakin’ gun".
UGO.com list the BFG 9000 at number two on their Top 50 Video Game Weapons of All Time.
They say the weapon is "marvelous and complex, and we should not hesitate to put this weapon down in history as one of the best."
X-Play listed it as number one on their Top 10 Badass Weapons list.
They said that the BFG 9000 was "not as fancy as the gravity gun" but it was the first weapon that "really made us swoon".
IGN editor Tom McNamara listed the BFG as one of the ten best weapons in video games.
He placed it at number ten on his list.
Machinima.com listed it as number one on their list of Top Ten Video Game Weapons.
They said "Do you really need a reason why this tops the list?"
The BFG 9000 FAQ
Information on the BFG 9000
Fictional weapons
"Sleeping Beauty" () is a fairy tale.
There are several versions of it, including "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood" by Charles Perrault and "Briar Rose" or "Little Briar Rose" () by the Brothers Grimm.
The story is about a princess who falls into a deep sleep for one hundred years, and is awoken by a heroic prince.
Perrault's version first appeared in 1695 in a hand-written and illustrated manuscript called Tales of Mother Goose () along with "Little Red Riding Hood", "Bluebeard", "Puss in Boots", and "Diamonds and Toads".
It was next published in the newspaper Mercure galant in 1696.
It was revised, and published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin in Histoires ou contes du temps passé (), a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault.
It has been adapted to various media including a pantomime by James Robinson Planché, a ballet, and a Disney animated movie.
The Grimms published their version in Children's and Household Tales () in 1812.
Tales similar to Perrault's include "Troylus and Zelladine" from the 14th-century French work Perceforest, the Catalan collection Frayre de Joy e Sor de Placer, the story of Brynhild from the Saga of the Volsungs, and "Sun, Moon, and Talia" from Giambattista Basile's Pentamerone (1636).
Tchaikovsky's Ballet Sleeping Beauty is roughly based on Perrault's version; and Disney published 1959 their animatic Sleeping Beauty Version - a Mixture out of the former versions and mostly Tchaikovsky's Ballet.
There are slight differences between the Grimms's version of the sleeping princess tale and that of Perrault.
The Grimms's Briar Rose is released from her sleep by a kiss from the prince while Perrault's princess wakes when the prince simply kneels beside her.
Maria Tatar writes, "The Grimms' "Sleeping Beauty" has a narrative integrity that has made it more appealing than [Basile and Perrault], at least in the United States."
She explains that the version of the Grimms discards the post-marital conflicts of Basile and Perrault that were probably separate narratives at one time.
Tatar believes Briar Rose is the stereotypical passive fairy tale heroine who simply waits for a man to come along to free her from a near catatonic state.
A king and queen long for a child.
A frog in the queen's bath foretells the future birth of a baby.
The queen gives birth to a daughter.
The king and queen host a celebration (a christening in the Perrault version).
In the Perrault version, they invite seven good fairies; in the Grimms' version, they invite twelve "wise women".
Another, evil woman (or fairy) appears who puts a curse on the infant princess.
She says that the princess will one day prick her finger on a spindle and die.
One of the good women softens the curse.
Instead of dying, the princess will sleep for one hundred years.
The king orders all spindles to be burnt to protect his daughter.
When she is about fifteen or sixteen, however, the princess finds an old woman spinning in a tower room.
The princess handles the spindle and pricks her finger.
She falls into a deep sleep.
The good fairy puts everyone in the castle to sleep.
A thorny forest or a hedge of roses springs up and surrounds the castle to protect the sleeping princess.
One hundred years pass.
A prince has heard fabulous tales of the place and wants to find the princess.
He arrives at the castle and finds the sleeping princess in the tower room.
In the Grimms' version, he wakes her with a kiss; Perrault's princess wakes when the prince simply kneels beside her.
The prince and the princess get married.
The Perrault version continues further.
The prince and princess have two children.
The prince goes off to war.
His wife and children stay with his mother.
She is an ogress.
She wants to eat her guests.
A servant saves them.
The ogress is furious.
She decides to put the princess and her children into a cauldron filled with toads and snakes.
The prince arrives.
His wife and children are saved.
The ogress jumps head first into the cauldron and dies.
12–3.
xiv-xv, 191.
81–3.
The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales.
467, 476.
Sleeping Beauty (Perrault's version), audio version
On December 20, 1812, the Grimms published the first volume of the first edition.
It contained 86 stories.
The second volume of 70 stories was published in 1814.
For the second edition, two volumes were issued in 1819 and a third in 1822, totalling 170 tales.
The third edition appeared in 1837; fourth edition, 1840; fifth edition, 1843; sixth edition, 1850; seventh edition, 1857.
Stories were added, and also deleted, from one edition to the next, until the seventh held 211 tales.
All editions were extensively illustrated, first by Philipp Grot Johann and, after his death in 1892, by Robert Leinweber.
The first volumes were much criticized because they were considered unsuitable for children, both for the scholarly information included and the subject matter.
Many changes through the editions – such as turning the wicked mother of the first edition in Snow White and Hansel and Gretel to a stepmother, were probably made with an eye to such criticism.
They removed sexual references—such as Rapunzel's innocently asking why her dress was getting tight around her belly, and thus naïvely revealing her pregnancy and the prince's visits to her stepmother—but, in many respects, violence, particularly when punishing villains, was increased.
In 1825, the Grimms published their Kleine Ausgabe or "small edition," a selection of 50 tales designed for child readers.
This children's version went through ten editions between 1825 and 1858.
The work of the Brothers Grimm influenced other collectors, both inspiring them to collect tales and leading them to similarly believe, in a spirit of romantic nationalism, that the fairy tales of a country were particularly representative of it, to the neglect of cross-cultural influence.
Among those influenced were the Russian Alexander Afanasyev, the Norwegians Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, the English Joseph Jacobs, and Jeremiah Curtin, an American who collected Irish tales.
Rosa Maria "Rosie" Perez (b. September 6, 1964) is a Hispanic American movie and television actress.
Her career in acting was begun around 1988.
Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales is an American animated short television series by Pixar, featuring the characters Mater and Lightning McQueen from the movie Cars.
The series' first broadcast was on October 27, 2008, on Toon Disney, Disney Channel and ABC Family.
The show was then moved to Disney Junior in 14 February 2011.
Keith Ferguson as Lightning McQueen
George Carlin as Fillmore
Katherine Helmond as Lizzie
Lindsey Collins as Mia
Elissa Knight as Tia
Jerome Ranft as Red
Official website  at Pixar
Marius Petipa (1818-1910) was a French dancer and the principal Ballet Master for the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg from 1869 until 1903.
His works include La Bayadere (1877), a revised Giselle (1884), The Sleeping Beauty (1890), a revised Swan Lake (1895), and Raymonda (1898).
Dance historian Lynn Garafola believes Petipa "had an incalculable effect on Russian ballet."
She points out that he supervised the transition from Romanticism to Classicism in Russian ballet, and fused the Italian bravura and French lyrical techniques.
Garafola writes, "[Petipa] helped transform an art dominated by foreigners and identified with the West into a Russian national expression."
French choreographers
Kawasaki is one of three ordinance-designated cities in Kanagawa.
In the Edo period, Kawasaki-juku was 2nd of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.
Kawasaki occupies a belt of land stretching about 30 km along the south bank of the Tama River.
The river forms its boundary with Tokyo.
Saiwai
Nakahara
Takatsu
Miyamae
http://www.city.kawasaki.jp/index_e.htm ,
Richard Andrew, better known by his stage name Outasight, is an American singer and rapper.
He is from Yonkers, New York.
He is currently signed to Warner Bros. Records.
Though he is considered a hip hop artist, he also draws influences from other genres such as classic rock and soul.
He is perhaps best known for the song "Tonight Is the Night" released in 2011.
2007: Employee of the Year EP
2008: Radio New York
2009: From There to Here
2009: Further
2010: Never Say Never
2011: Figure 8 EP
2011: Get It Together
2010: "Catch Me If You Can"
2011: "Tonight Is the Night"
2012: "Believe in Me"
2012: "Now or Never"
2012: "Dark Lights"
Catch Me If You Can, a 1980 book
Catch Me If You Can (movie), a 2002 movie
"Catch Me If You Can", a 2010 song by Outasight on Warner Bros. Records taken from his album Further
is a series of ukiyo-e woodblock prints created by Hiroshige.
This was a popular subject.
Hiroshige created many versions of this subject.
Tōkaidō images
In 1832, Hiroshige traveled the length of the Tōkaidō from Edo to Kyoto.
He was part of an official delegation from the court of the Tokugawa Shogunate to the court of the Emperor of Japan.
In addition to the 53 stations, Hiroshige's series of images includes one print showing the departure from Edo.
The series also includes a print showing the journey's end in the Imperial capital city.
Digital museum:different editions of the series
East Malaysia or Malaysian Borneo, is a term used to refer to the Malaysian section of Borneo.
One of Southeast Asia's major islands.
Major provinces in the region are the Malaysian provinces of Sabah and Sarawak.
It is located north of Indonesian Borneo or "Kalimantan", and southwest of the Philippines.
Also, the tiny country of Brunei is nearly landlocked by Malaysia.
In the Edo period, Kuwana-juku was 42nd of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.
Kuwana City website
Hiroshige prints, Kuwana
Amount of substance (also called chemical amount) is a quantity defined by standards to measures the size a group of individual elementary entities, such as atoms, molecules and electrons, along with other particles.
The International System of Units (SI) defines the amount of substance to be equal to the number of elementary entities present.
The SI unit for amount of substance is the mole (mol).
The mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains the same number of elementary entities as there are atoms in  of the isotope carbon-12.
This number is called Avogadro's number and has the value .
It is the numerical value of the Avogadro constant which has the unit  (or mol), and relates the molar mass of an amount of substance to its mass.
Patiala was a Sikh princely state that lasted from 1714 to 1948.
Its rulers were descended from Chaudhary Phul (1627-1689), a Sidhu Jat from Mehraj village in the Bathinda District of Punjab.
The other Sikh states, such as Jind and Nabha, were also the descendants of Phul.
Its capital was in the Malva region of Punjab, but its territory expanded from Bathinda to present-day Mohali.
They were known as the Phulkian (Patiala) Dynasty.
The House of Phul, was a Jatt of Sidhu Clan, belonging to the Malva Region of Punjab.
Their ancestors had converted to Sikhism in the early 1600s.
They claim to be the descendants from the sidhu jats, who ruled in the 11th century.
The migrated to the Malva region of Punjab, establishing themselves at present day Bathinda District of Punjab.
The Sidhu Jatts and the Bhullar Jatts of the Bathinda district, never got along with each other, They were at war.
But later Nanu Bhullar, got his daughter married in the house of these Sidhu Jatts, the ancestors of the Patiala State.
Ahmed Shah Abdali, Afghan Ruler and Maharaja Ala Singh became friends, the Sikh Chieftains of Punjab did not Like this so the Dal Khalsa met at Akal Takhat in Amritsar in 1765, in which it was decided that Patiala should be kicked out of the Dal Khalsa.
And it will not be part of the 12 Sikh Confederacies, it was also the year when Ala Singh died and his son Amar Singh had become the next ruler.
Ahmed Shah Abdali, bestowed upon Maharajah Amar Singh, the title of Raja-i-Rajgan, and he also was allowed to strike his own coins.
But the Sikh Nation was not to happy about this, and in years to come they the Phulkians would be traitors to the Khalsa Panth, and helping the British to attack the Sikh interior of Punjab.
Even when Sardar Hari Singh Dhillon (r.1746-1764), the Sikh Bhangi Misl Maharaja of Amritsar, Tarn Taran Sahib and Lahore, found out about Ahmed Shah Abdali being in the Patiala Kingdom, he marched with a big army of dashing looking Sikh soldiers from the Majha, where the holy city of Amritsar is located, on Patiala Kingdom to chase the Ahmed Shah away, but on the way he was killed, by someone.
Years later his younger son Sardar Ganda Singh Dhillon (d. 1776), the Maharajah of Lahore and Amritsar, married of his daughter Bibi Rattan Kaur, to Maharajah Sahib Singh of Patiala in 1787, the marriage took place at Amritsar.
Five years later he remarried Bibi As kaur, the daughter of Sardar Gurdas Singh Chatha.
It is As kaur, who's Sons and Grandsons ruled on.
From 1809-1947, the Phulkian State, had good relations with the British Government, the Patiala State, royal family, were not Orthodox Sikhs, but very secular/mixed rulers.
Very mixed with the East India Company.
A time when the Sikh Kingdoms did not like British, visiting their Land, Patiala, was the first to call the British, In his territory.
The later royal family became Congress, an Indian party, after the break up of Dynasty.
Rajasthani Paintings within Patiala
Patiala State, was different from other Sikh States, as it did not support Sikh religion, and not following the Sikh rules.
But still the State religion was Sikhism.
The Later Patiala Maharajahs (Karam Singh) introduced Hindu Paintings of Hindu Gods within their Qila Mubarak palace in Patiala, it can still be seen, on the Palace Walls.
Showing great respect to all religions.
Rajput Hindu Paintings were very famous in Patiala from 1800s, The Maharajahs got them selves painted in Rajput Styles.
And even had relations with the Royal Hindu States of Rajasthan.
Relations with other Royal Jat States
They also had relationship with the Hindu Jat Rulers of Royal Bharatpur State in Rajasthan of Sinsinwar Clan.
As Maharajah Narinder Singh, in 1859, married of his third daughter Maharani Bishan Kaur, to Rajah Jaswant Singh, (1851-1893), Jat ruler of Bharatpur State.
Intermarriage between the Phulkian Jatts, and Rajasthani Royal Hindu Jatts, was very common, During the 19th Century.
List of maharajas
Maharaja Ala Singh (1691-1765)
Maharaja Amar Singh (1748-1782)
Maharaja Sahib Singh (1773-1813), A very weak ruler, who had imprisoned his won Sister Bibi Sahib kaur, but later escaped.
Maharaja Karam Singh (1798-1845)
Maharaja Narinder Singh (1823-1862)
Maharaja Mahendra Singh (1852-1876)
Maharaja Rajinder Singh (1872-1900)
Maharaja Bhupinder Singh (1891-1938)
Maharaja Yadavindra Singh (1913-1974)
Captain Amarinder Singh (1942-1948)
Signing their Union with India
Maharajah Yadavindra Singh, signed his union with India in 1948, transferring his Kingdom, to the Government of India, Patiala State was united with the Punjab State of India, in 1948.
The Maharajah also told other Royal Princely States to Unite with India.
http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/heritage/Maharajas%20of%20Punjab/Mah%20Punj%20States.htm
http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-phulkian.html
http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/warriors/ala.html
Artillery in Japan is recorded in the 13th century.
It was not used widely before the Sengoku period in the 16th century.
In the 1840s, the Tokugawa Shogunate began to anticipate that either British or French military might attack Japan.
Takashima Shuhan (1798-1866) submitted a petition to the shogun calling for the purchase of Western firearms.
In 1841, a demonstration of Western gunnery made a strong impression.
Powerful conservative factions in the shogunate resisted change.
Japan Self Defense Force (JSDF)
Evans, David C  and Mark Peattie. (
Kaigun: strategy, tactics, and technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941 Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland
is a self-propelled howitzer of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JSDF).
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. was the primary contractor, developing the main gun and the turret.
The vehicle is powered by a diesel engine.
Japanese weapons
Howitzers
Starstreak is a British short range surface-to-air missile  (also known as MANPADS).
It is made by Thales Air Defence (first called Shorts Missile Systems), in Belfast.
It is also known as Starstreak High Velocity Missile, or Starstreak HVM.
After it is launched, the missile travels at about Mach 3 (3 times the speed of sound).
Starstreak has been in service with the British Army since 1997.
Starstreak began being developed in the early 1980s.
This was after a study into a weapon that could add to the Rapier missile system.
A General Staff Requirement (GSR 3979)  was made.
This GSR showed what the missile system needed to have.
One of the things it needed to have was three ways to launch the missile.
A self-propelled launcher.
A three round light weight launcher.
A launcher which can be moved around by people.
In 1984, the British Ministry of Defence gave contracts to British Aerospace (BAe) and Shorts Missile Systems to develop the missile.
The BAe missile was called the Thunderbolt.
Shorts won the competition.
They were awarded £356 million.
The weapon was developed more in November 1986.
More contracts were also given out to make the missile.
Starstreak was put into service officially in September 1997.
Starstreak is supposed to replace the Javelin surface-to-air missile in British service.
In the middle of 2007, Thales UK in Northern Ireland said that it had developed Starstreak II.
Starstreak II is an improved version of Starstreak.
Some of these improvements were: a bigger range (7 km), a better system to find targets and the ability to find aircraft that are higher up in the air.
In 2011, when Thales won a contract for the Lightweight Multirole Missile, Thales said it agreed with the MOD to "re-role previously contracted budgets to facilitate the full-scale development, series production and introduction of the LMM."
This means that Thales were going to focus all their money on the Lightweight Multirole Missile.
The contract affected by this is said to have been Starstreak.
A soldier carries the Starstreak missile in a tube.
This tube is sealed closed.
The tube is attached to the main part of Starstreak to be fired.
The gunner follows the target using Starstreak's special aiming system.
When the gunner has locked on to the target, they press a button and the missile launches.
The missile then fires its first motor.
This launches the missile from the tube.
However, it stops burning before the missile leaves the tube.
This is to protect the gunner.
When the missile is away from the gunner, another motor fires.
It makes the missile go to Mach 3.5.
It stops burning when it is about four hundred meters away from the gunner.
The back of the missile has the systems that guide the missile by laser beams from the launcher.
The Starstreak launches many small darts at its target.
Each dart has around   of explosive in it.
When the darts hit the target, a fuze is triggered.
This fuze delays the explosion.
This gives time for the darts to get inside the target before the explosives go off.
The explosive is inside a shell of tungsten.
This tungsten is designed to split up and make as much damage as possible inside the target.
In September 1999, the missile was shown attacking an armoured personnel carrier.
This showed that Starstreak could also be useful in attacking targets on the ground as well as in the air.
In 2012, the Ministry of Defence said that it was going to put a group of Starstreaks on top of an apartment complex in London.
This was because of the 2012 London Olympics.
The Ministry said that the area was the only place to put an anti-aircraft battery.
Some people living there were not happy.
They wondered why the battery was needed.
Different kinds of Starstreak
ATASK (Air To Air Starstreak): This kind of Starstreak is fired from a helicopter.
It was designed to be used on the AH-64 Apache.
It has not been put into service yet.
LML: This type of Starstreak has three missiles which can be fired at any time.
It can be used on vehicles like a Land Rover or HMMWV (Humvee).
SP HVM: Carried on an Alvis Stormer.
It has a launcher on the roof with eight missiles ready to fire.
Another 12 missiles are inside the vehicle.
THOR/Multi Mission System (MMS): A four-missile turret that is put on a Pinzgauer (6x6).
Thales UK announced this in 2005.
How the Starstreak performs
Good things about Starstreak
It cannot be jammed.
It cannot be destroyed with anti-radar missiles.
It travels at a high speed and so is more likely to be able to hit a faster aircraft.
Bad things about Starstreak
The darts need to hit a target to damage it.
Things like smoke can stop the gunner from being able to see their target.
It can also mess around the guidance system.
The amount of training the gunner has can change how useful the missile is.
The gunner needs to follow the target exactly with Starstreak's sight.
Britain uses the SP HVM.
It has around 150 Starstreaks.
South Africa uses the LML.
It has 120 Starstreaks.
Thales page on Starstreak
Starstreak – British Army website
is an armored artillery vehicle used by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).
Military-today.com, Type 75
GlobalSecurity.org, Type 75
OnWar.com, Type 75
The AS-90 (Artillery System for the 1990s) is a lightly armoured self-propelled artillery gun.
It is used by the British Army.
It was first used in 1993.
The AS-90's official name is Gun Equipment 155 mm L131.
AS-90 was designed and built by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering (VSEL, owned by BAE Systems since 1999).
They made 179 AS-90s from 1992 to 1995.
This cost £300 million.
In 2002 BAE Systems were asked to give 96 British Army AS-90s a 52 calibre gun.
This would make the range 30 km.
With special shells, it would be able to reach 60 to 80 km.
However, this project ended up being ended.
AS-90 started in the mid-1980s.
It was made on a "gamble" that the SP70 would fail.
When this happened, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) asked for a new vehiicle.
Four designs were handed in, and AS-90 was the only one that the MoD liked.
The MoD has tried to get the Royal Navy's main ship gun to be able to use the barrel and breech from the AS-90.
This would make the gun calibre of the British Army and Royal Navy the same.
This would help with ammunition logistics.
This would also make it possible for the Army and Navy to help each other develop weapons.
The AS-90 has a special power unit.
This is used so that the engine does not have to keep running.
This is done to keep the batteries charged while the AS-90 is not moving.
The AS-90 has a special computer called the Turret Control Computer (TCC).
The TCC controls all main functions of the turret.
Crew: 5
Length: 9.07 m
Width: 3.5 m
Height: 2.49 m
Weight: 45 tons
Ammunition carried: 48 shells.
Different kinds of AS-90
AS-90D - Changed for use in the desert.
This model has more cooling for the engine and other machines.
AS-90 "Braveheart" - The AS-90 with the 52 calibre length gun.
Haubicoarmata "Krab" - (eng.
Howitzer-cannon Crab) A "Braveheart" turret on a Polish chassis.
Designed in Poland by Huta Stalowa Wola and WB Electronics. ,
two Krab ("Crab") prototypes have been built.
British Army information page on the AS-90
Train is an American pop rock band.
The band consists of Patrick Monahan, Scott Underwood and Jimmy Stafford.
The band has released 5 albums and is set to release their 7th album, California 37 sometime in 2012.
Train won 2 Grammy Awards in 2002 for their song "Drops of Jupiter (Tell Me)" and a Grammy in 2011 for "Hey, Soul Sister" (Live).
"Tonight Is the Night" is the debut single by the rapper and singer Outasight.
It was released by Warner Bros. in 2011.
The song was played on the FOX network program The X Factor.
It was played during the week 2 "results" episode on  November 3, 2011.
A music video of the song was released.
It was directed by Dori Oskowitz.
Use in Pepsi advertisement
The song has been used in Pepsi's "Who's Next" ad campaign.
The ad shows an young singer drinking from a Pepsi can while getting ready for his performance.
While "Tonight Is the Night" is being played, very well known singers appear.
These include Michael Jackson, Alfonso Ribeiro, Ray Charles, Britney Spears, Kanye West, and Mariah Carey.
The last shot of the ad goes back to the young singer while the slogan "who's next?"
is put on the screen.
The ad ends with the catch phrase: "Where there's Pepsi, there's music".
Daniel Lawrence "Larry" Whitney (born February 17, 1963) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, musician.
He is best known by his stage name and character Larry the Cable Guy.
He is one of the members of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour.
This is a group of comedians.
The other members of the Tour are Bill Engvall, Ron White, and Jeff Foxworthy.
Whitney has made seven comedy albums.
Three of these have been listed as gold albums by the RIAA.
He has been in three Blue Collar Comedy Tour movies.
Whitney has also been in the movies Larry the Cable Guy: Health Inspector, Delta Farce, and Witless Protection.
He is well known as the voice of Mater in the Cars movies.
Whitney's catchphrase "Git-R-Done!"
is also the name of his book.
On January 26, 2010, the television channel History said that it wanted to make a series with Whitney.
It is called Only in America with Larry the Cable Guy.
In this series, Whitney would explore the United States.
He would learn about different ways people lived.
He would also learn about their jobs and hobbies.
The first episode of the series aired on February 8, 2011.
A CMT bio says that Whitney grew up on a pig farm in Pawnee City, Nebraska.
He went to college at the Baptist University of America.
He says his roommates from Texas and Georgia helped him create his imitation Southern accent.
He left college after his third year to be a comedian.
Radio career
Whitney started his career in radio.
He was a disc jockey in Blue Springs, Missouri.
He became known in the early 1990s when he made regular radio appearances by telephone on many radio programs.
These included programs in Omaha, Nebraska, Baltimore, Maryland, Kansas City, Missouri, Orlando, Florida, Portsmouth, New Hampshire and Manchester, New Hampshire
Stand-up career
He became famous for creating the "Larry" character.
It is a personality that he now uses for his entire stage act.
The Larry character has a stereotypical redneck appearance and a thick Southern accent.
He tells stories about his fictional "family".
He is well known for his catchphrase "Git-R-Done!"
A large part of Whitney's act is his accent.
He says in interviews and in his autobiographical book GIT-R-DONE that he uses the accent both on and off stage.
He does this because he may forget it if he kept his normal accent.
He uses catchphrase humor, including "Git-R-Done," "Lord, I apologize, and me with the starvin' Pygmies down there in New Guinea.
and "I don't care who ya are, that's funny right there" after certain jokes.
His first two comedy albums, Lord, I Apologize (2001), and The Right To Bare Arms (2005), have both been certified gold by the RIAA.
A third album, Morning Constitutions was released in 2007.
In 2006, Comedy Central asked Whitney to be the voice of character for an animated series they wanted to create.
The series would use his character as one of two owners of a small cable channel.
A half-hour pilot was made but not broadcast.
Whitney was roasted in a Comedy Central special on March 15, 2009.
During the roast he can be heard talking to people using his normal voice.
On Tuesday, February 8, 2011 his series, "Only in America with Larry the Cable Guy", began being broadcast on the History Channel.
You Know you're a redneck when you're drinkin sasparilla out of ya cowboy hat!!!!
YEEHAWW!!!!
Whitney lives in Lincoln, Nebraska.
He married his wife Cara in 2005.
They have a son, Wyatt (born August 2006), and a daughter, Reagan (born October 2007).
In 2010, Whitney and his wife said that their son Wyatt has hip dysplasia.
In the town where he grew up, Pawnee City, Nebraska, there is a street named after him.
Whitney also gave money to buy new theatrical equipment for the high school.
Larry the Cable Guy: Git-R-Done (2003)
Blue Collar Comedy Tour: The Movie (2003)
Blue Collar Comedy Tour: Rides Again (2004)
Blue Collar TV (2004–2006)
Larry the Cable Guy: Health Inspector (2006)
Blue Collar Comedy Tour: One For the Road (2006)
Delta Farce (2007)
Witless Protection (2008)
Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales (2008–2011)
Comedy Central Roast (2009)
Larry the Cable Guy: Tailgate Party (2010)
Tooth Fairy 2 (2012)
Interview with Larry the Cable Guy about 'Cars 2'
Musicians from Nebraska
A field gun is an artillery piece.
The term was first used to describe smaller guns that could be taken with an army while marching.
In battle the field gun could be quickly moved about the battlefield as needed.
Guns installed in a fort, siege cannon and mortars were too large to be moved quickly, and would be used only in a long siege.
Napoleon used field guns with very large wheels that allowed them to be moved quickly even during a battle.
By moving the guns from place to place during the battle, formations of enemy soldiers could be broken up to be handled by the infantry wherever they were massing, dramatically increasing the overall effectiveness of the infantry.
As artillery developed technically, almost all guns of any size could be moved at some speed.
Even the largest siege weapons could be moved by road or rail by the start of World War I. Development then turned towards smaller weapons with increased mobility.
Even the World War II German super-heavy guns could be moved by rail or by caterpillar-track vehicles.
In British use, a field gun was anything up to 4.5 inches in calibre.
Larger guns were called medium and the largest of all heavy.
Their largest gun (as opposed to howitzer) was the 5.5 inch (140 mm) Medium, which could fire a shell about 15,000\16,000 yards.
Since the start of World War II, the term field gun has been used for long-range artillery pieces that fire at a relatively low angle, as opposed to howitzers which can fire at higher angles.
By the end of World War II most artillery in use were howitzers of 105 mm to 155 mm.
The only common field guns still used were the British 5.5 inch and the US 155 mm Long Tom.
The Long Tom had been developed from a French World War I weapon.
The US Army used long-range guns again in the 1960s with the M107 175 mm gun.
The M107 was used in the Vietnam War and proved effective in artillery battles with the North Vietnamese forces.
This gun needed a lot of repairs, and after the barrels began to crack it was removed from service.
Production of the M107 continued through the 1980s, and the gun is still used by the Israeli military forces.
Today there is no longer a use for the field gun.
The role for small and highly mobile artillery has been taken over by the mortar which can be carried by a soldier.
These have replaced almost every artillery piece smaller than 105 mm.
Gun-howitzers fill the middle ground, mostly the 155 mm NATO or 152 mm former USSR models.
Modern gun-artillery such as the L118 105mm light gun is used to provide fire support for infantry and armour at ranges where mortars are impractical.
Soldier carried mortars lack the range or hitting power of gun-artillery.
In between is the rifled towed mortar.
This weapon (usually in 120mm calibre) is light enough to be towed by a Land Rover, has a range of over 6,000m and fires a bomb with the power of an artillery shell.
Field Gun Image Gallery - Royal Naval Museum's Sea Your History website
Pictures of Vickers field guns
Portsmouth Action Field Gun Photos and Videos
COMMAND100 - Centenary of Inter Command Field Gun
The  L118 Light Gun is a howitzer.
It was first made for the British Army in the 1970s.
It has been moved around the globe a lot since then.
The United States use a changed version of the L118 called the M119A1.
The proper name for it is "Gun, 105mm, Field, L118" but it is usually just called "the Light Gun".
The L118 can be towed by a medium-weight vehicle.
It can also be moved around by a Chinook helicopter.
From 1961 until the 1970s, the British Army used the 105 mm Pack Howitzer L5 as its light howitzer.
This howitzer was used a lot.
It was first designed in Italy for the Alpini.
It was light enough to be lifted by Westland Wessex helicopters or towed by Land Rovers.
However, it could not fire very far (had a short range), had bad sights and was not very popular.
The new gun was soon called the 'Light Gun'.
It was designed by the government Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment (RARDE).
Prototypes were tested in 1968.
However, it was noticed that more weight was needed for a gun to be as sturdy and strong as was needed.
Several guns were redesigned because of this.
The first guns were made by Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Nottingham.
This has now been merged into BAE Systems Land and Armaments.
In British service
The L118 was first used by the British Army in 1976.
The new weapon was heavier than the Pack Howitzer.
However, new, better helicopters like the Puma and Westland Sea King, which could carry the L118, were also beginning to be used at the same time.
Since the end of the 1990s, the British Army has used Pinzgauer ATVs as the vehicles that move the guns around.
In Arctic service (and some other places) the L118 is moved around by the Hägglunds Bv 206.
It has skis put on it if it is moving on snow.
In 1982, the L118 was used a lot during the Falklands War.
30 guns were moved to the Falkland Islands.
Since then, British forces have used the L118 in the Balkans, Sierra Leone, Iraq and Afghanistan.
On 30 November 2001, an L118 Light Gun became the One O'Clock Gun in Edinburgh Castle.
This fires every day at one o'clock except on Sundays, Good Friday and Christmas Day.
The Light Gun took many features from the QF 25 pounder.
However, the L118 is light compared to the QD 25 pounder.
The L118 has a special system called the Automatic Pointing System.
This allows the gun to be unpacked and in action in 30 seconds.
The L118 fires 105 mm Fd Mk 2 ammunition.
It has two proper cartridges for combat and a blank one for ceremonies etc.
L31 High Explosive (HE).
This round is filled with  of RDX/TNT.
Its range is .
L45 Smoke Base Ejection.
This is a special shell, as it makes white smoke when it hits the ground.
This smoke stays for 60 seconds.
Target Marker.
These make orange (L38) or red (L37) cloud.
These can be made in the air or when the shell hits the ground.
They are used to show where targets are for things like airstrikes.
L43 Illuminating.
This round is an illumination shell.
It lights up an area.
It burns for 30 seconds.
New ammunition for the L118 is being developed.
It will be even more damaging and have more range.
A program that started making improvements to UK guns in 2007 tried to make the gun lighter and some features better.
To make the gun weigh less, some steel parts were replaced with titanium.
Different types of L118
L119
The L119 has a different barrel.
It is a bit shorter.
It fires different ammunition, giving the gun a range of .
In British service, the L119 was only used for training.
The last British L119s were retired in 2005.
M119A1
British armed forces web site
FAS L118 web page
The 105mm Light Gun
The color chocolate is a tone of dark brown that resembles chocolate.
The color chocolate is shown on the right of the screen.
The first written use of chocolate as a color name in English was in 1737.
Meaning of chocolate
The color chocolate represents African Americans.
For example, in African American slang, the city Washington, D.C. is called Chocolate City because of its overwhelmingly African American population.
Tones of chocolate color comparison chart
Field guns are one of two main types of field artillery.
Field guns fire a heavy shell on a relatively level trajectory from a longer barrel.
This gives very high muzzle velocity and good range performance.
Field guns are best for giving long range fire support and counter-battery fire.
This list has two categories; field guns that were moved (towed) by horses or vehicles, and guns that could move themselves (self propelled) guns.
Towed field guns
Self-propelled field guns
Lists of weapons
Blush or rouge is a type of cosmetic put on the cheeks, usually in red or pink.
It can be a powder or a cream.
Blush is almost always used by girls and not often used by boys except for in acting.
Blush was first used by Egyptians in 3000 BC.
In the 1800s, wearing cosmetics made people think a woman had bad character, so people from that time would pinch their cheeks to make them red.
The  was an armed conflict in 1575.
The battle took place near Nagashino Castle (長篠城) on the plain of Shitaragahara (設楽原) in the Mikawa province (三河) of Japan.
Nagashino Castle
Forces under Takeda Katsuyori (武田勝頼) attacked the castle.
The Takeda attacked the castle, because it threatened supply lines.
Okudaira Sadamasa (奥平貞昌) commanded the 500 defenders of the castle.
The defenders had 200 matchlocks and at least once cannon.
Nagshino plain
Nobunaga's use of firearms to defeat Takeda's cavalry is considered as a turning point in Japanese warfare.
His tactical innovation was the wooden stockades and rotating volleys of fire which led to a decisive victory at Nagashino.
The Battle of Nagashino and the last years of the Takeda clan are dramatised in Akira Kurosawa's 1980 movie Kagemusha (Shadow Warrior).
Battle of Nagashino animated battle map  by Jonathan Webb
Drag racing is a competition between specially prepared automobiles or motorcycles.
Racers compete, two at a time, to be the first to cross a finish line.
Races are run from a standing start, in a straight line, over a measured distance, usually a ¼-mile straight track.
Basics of drag racing
Before each race, each driver is allowed to perform a burnout by spinning the driving tires.
Burnouts heat the driving tires and lay rubber down at the beginning of the track to improve traction.
The drivers then line up at the starting line.
Races are started electronically by a system known as a  Christmas tree.
Below the staging lights are three large amber lights, a green light, and a red light.
When both drivers are staged, the tree is set to start the race causing the three large amber lights to illuminate, followed by the green light.
If the front tires leave the starting line before the green light illuminates, the red light for that driver's lane illuminates instead.
This indicates disqualification (unless a more serious violation occurs).
Once a driver commits a red-light foul (also known as redlighting), the other driver can also commit a foul start by leaving the line too early but still win, having left later.
Should both drivers leave after the green light illuminates, the one leaving first is said to have a holeshot advantage.
The first vehicle to cross the finish line wins the race.
The elapsed time is a measure of performance only; it does not determine the winner.
Because elapsed time does not include reaction time and each lane is timed separately, a car with a slower elapsed time can actually win if that driver's holeshot advantage exceeds the elapsed time difference.
This is known as a holeshot win.
Several measurements are taken for each race: reaction time, elapsed time, and speed.
Reaction time is the period from the lighting of the green light to the vehicle leaving the starting line.
Elapsed time is the time from the vehicle leaving the starting line to crossing the finish line.
Speed is measured through a speed trap covering the final  to the finish line, indicating the approximate maximum speed of the vehicle during the run.
In the standard racing format, the losing car and driver are removed from the contest and the winner goes on to race other winners.
This continues until only one is left.
Racing organization
The National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) oversees most of drag racing events in North America.
The next largest organization, Feld Entertainment's International Hot Rod Association (IHRA), is about one-third the size of NHRA.
Nearly all drag strips are associated with one sanctioning body or the other.
The NHRA is more popular with large, 1/4-mile, nationally recognized, tracks.,
The IHRA is a favorite of smaller 1/8-mile local tracks (and offers selected races on their national tour under the 1/8-mile format).
One reason for this is the IHRA is less restrictive in its rules, such as rules on nitrous oxide (legal in Pro Modified) and oversized engines.
Robert C. Post, High Performance: The Culture and Technology of Drag Racing, 1950 - 2000 (Johns Hopkins University Press, revised edition 2001)
Australian National Drag Racing Association (ANDRA)
European Championship Drag Racing (FIA/UEM)
National Hot Rod Association (NHRA)
International Hot Rod Association (IHRA)
Pro Racing Association - Championship Volkswagen Drag Racing
Drag Racing News, Cars & Events from around the world
A dragstrip is a facility for conducting automobile and motorcycle acceleration events such as drag racing.
Although a quarter mile (402 m) is the best known measure for a drag track, many tracks are eighth mile (201 m) tracks.
The race is begun from a standing start.
Three factors decide the outcome of the race: reaction time, torque, and traction.
A dragstrip is a straight racetrack, usually an eighth or a quarter of a mile long (660/1320 feet, 201/402 metres), followed by a shutdown area to allow automobiles room to stop after crossing the finish line.
Common features also include a 'water box' where cars and motorcycles start their burn-outs to clean and heat up their tires to improve traction.
There is a set of lights known as a 'Christmas Tree' that counts down to the start.
There are also return lanes for the vehicles to return from the end of the track to the pit area.
Olympia  is an 1863 oil painting by Édouard Manet.
When it was first exhibited in 1865, the subject of the painting was controversial.
Manet reworked Giorgione's The Sleeping Venus (c. 1510) and Titian's Venus of Urbino (c. 1538) in creating Olympia.
Olympia may also take inspiration from Francisco Goya's La maja desnuda (c. 1800).
This is uncertain however.
Victorine Meurent was Manet's model for Olympia.
She posed as a bullfighter for him and also for the Dejeuner sur l'Herbe of 1862-63.
Manet painted Olympia in the autumn of 1863.
The work was first seen by the public at the 1865 Salon in Paris.
Manet delayed showing the painting because he feared it might produce some negative reactions.
Olympia did produce negative reactions: people hated it.
Some people thought the painting was immoral and vulgar.
Critic Paul de Saint-Victor wrote in La Presse, "People throng in front of Manet's putrid Olympia as they would in front of a body in the Morgue.
This is art fallen so low that it is not even worthy of censure".
Nathaniel Harris writes, "In reviewing Olympia  Gautier wrote that the model was puny, the bed covered with cat's footprints, the general effect ugly: but then he made the point that "we would forgive the ugliness, were it only truthful ... The least beautiful woman has bones, muscles, skin, and some sort of colour", whereas on this woman the flesh colour was dirty and the modeling non-existent."
Some liked the painting.
Émile Zola said it was Manet's "masterpiece".
He added, "When other artists correct nature by painting Venus they lie.
Manet asked himself why he should lie.
Why not tell the truth?"
In 1866 Zola wrote with tongue-in-cheek, "If only Manet had borrowed a powder puff ... and had lightly powdered Olympia's cheeks and her breasts she would have been a bit more presentable".
Modern art historian Nathaniel Harris writes, "...Olympia was an erotic shock ... Manet presented a young woman with erotic modern trappings ... that served to emphasize her nakedness ... To add to the puzzlement of the ordinary man, Olympia's gaze was not in the least inviting, or provocative, or even enigmatic ... it was simply neutral ... [N]eutrality ... was one more affront to the 19th-century male, whose picture-women were supposed to yield, to comply ... Here the girl is cool and confident, and it is the setting and properties that suggest sexualityperhaps a commercialized sexuality that is none too reassuring to the male ego."
Phylis A. Floyd, The Puzzle of Olympia
Seibert, Margaret Mary Armbrust.
A Biography of Victorine-Louise Meurent and Her Role in the Art of Édouard Manet.
The Ohio State University, 1986.
Paintings by Édouard Manet
Paintings in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris
Filipinos are a group of people from the Philippines, a country in Southeast Asia.
They speak any of the Philippine languages.
Most Filipinos also speak English as a second language in addition to other native Philippine languages.
Most Filipinos are Christian, with a Muslim minority in Mindanao.
Due to colonial influence, Filipino culture is a blend of Spanish, American, and indigenous cultures.
Little Dancer of Fourteen Years () (1881) is a statue by Edgar Degas.
The work measures 81 inches in height.
The subject is a young dance student named Marie van Goethem.
The relationship between van Goethem and Degas is uncertain.
It was not unusual for the young dancers of the Paris Opera to seek protectors from among the well-heeled visitors at the back door of the opera.
The statue was shown in Paris at the Sixth Impressionist Exhibition of 1881.
Most critics were shocked by the piece.
They thought it was ugly.
Degas exhibited it inside a glass case.
Some thought it was a medical specimen.
The head and face were thought grotesque and primitive.
The dancer is dressed in a cotton skirt and is wearing a hair ribbon.
For a finishing touch Degas used a wig made of real hair.
He covered it with wax.
The only parts not covered with wax were the ribbon given to him by van Goethem and the tutu.
Each museum that shows this figure gives it a different tutu.
The original wax model was acquired by Paul Mellon in 1956.
The sculpture was originally made in wax before it was cast in bronze.
Degas's wife and daughter made the decision to have 27 of them cast in bronze.
The casting was undertaken at the Hébrard foundry in Paris from 1920 until the mid-20th century.
These statues posthumous Degas bronzes can be seen in many museums.
Sixty-nine original sculptures in wax and mixed-media survived the casting process.
"Little Dancer of Fourteen Years" sculpture at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
"Little Dancer Aged Fourteen" in the Tate Collection, London
"Little Dancer of Fourteen Years"  in the Robert and Lisa Sainsbury Collection.
"The Little Dancer, Aged Fourteen"  at the Hay Hill Gallery in London.
History of La Danseuse  at the National Gallery of Art.
Heavy mortars are large-calibre mortars which fire a heavy shell on a high angle trajectory.
These weapons have a short range, but are usually less complex than similar sized field artillery.
Muzzle-loading
Breech-loading
[[File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 094.jpg|thumb|300px|Mme.
Charpentier and Her Children, 1878]]Madame Georges Charpentier and Her Children''''' (1878) is an oil on canvas by Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
He displayed it at the Salon in 1879.
It drew much attention and admiration.
Publisher Georges Charpentier commissioned the painting.
It is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art describes the painting: "Wearing an elegant Worth gown, Marguérite Charpentier sits beside her three-year-old son, Paul.