the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Mr. Krabs agrees to hire him if he gets a special spatula.
As SpongeBob looks for it, a lot of anchovies appear at the Krusty Krab.
SpongeBob returns with his spatula and cooks hamburgers for them.
He is then hired by Mr. Krabs.
SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
The Magellanic Clouds are two irregular, dwarf galaxies.
They do not have a regular shape, and only have a few billion stars.
The Magellanic Clouds can only be seen from the southern hemisphere.
They orbit the Milky Way galaxy.
They, along with the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy, are part of the Local Group of over 50 galaxies.
The two clouds are known as the:
Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)
Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC)
The first written record of the Magellanic Clouds was by the Persian astronomer Al Sufi.
In 964 he wrote the Book of Fixed Stars.
He called the Large Magellanic Cloud al-Bakr (the Sheep) "of the southern Arabs".
He wrote that the Cloud could not be seen from northern Arabia and Baghdad, but could be seen at the strait of Bab el Mandeb (12°15' N).
This is the southernmost point of Arabia.
The first Europeans to see the Clouds were Italian explorers Peter Martyr d'Anghiera and Andrea Corsali at the end of the 15th century.
Antonio Pigafetta also saw them, when he went with Ferdinand Magellan on his circumnavigation of the  world in 1519-1522.
However, naming the clouds after Magellan did not become widespread until much later.
In Bayer's 1661 book, Uranometria, they are called nubecula major and nubecula minor.
In the 1756 star map by French astronomer Lacaille, they are called le Grand Nuage and le Petit Nuage ("the Large Cloud" and "the Small Cloud").
The Clouds can be easily seen without the use of a telescope.
They look like separate pieces of the Milky Way.
About 21° apart in the night sky, the real distance between them is about 75,000 light-years.
They were long thought to be the closest galaxies to the Milky Way.
The Canis Major Galaxy, discovered in 2003, is now thought to be our closest galaxy.
The LMC is about 160,000 light years away, while the SMC is about 200,000.
The LMC is about 14,000 light years in diameter, and  the SMC about 7,000.
For comparison, the Milky Way is about 170,000-200,000 light years across.
Scientists believe that the shape of Magellanic Clouds has been caused by tidal interaction with the Milky Way as they travel close to it.
Streams of neutral hydrogen connect them to the Milky Way and to each other.
Both Clouds look like they were once spiral in shape.
Their gravity has affected the Milky Way as well, distorting the outer parts of the galaxy's disc shape.
They have a different structure and lower mass than our galaxy.
There are two other big differences.
First, they are gas-rich; they have more hydrogen and helium compared to the Milky Way.
They are also more metal-poor than the Milky Way.
The youngest stars in the LMC and SMC have less than half the amount of other elements.
Both are noted for their nebulae and larger numbers of young stars.
Like our own Galaxy their stars range from the very young to the very old, which shows the Clouds have a long history.
In 2010, a French scientist said that the clouds may have been ejected from a collision that formed the Andromeda Galaxy six billion years ago.
However most astronomers believe the Magellanic Clouds were made in the same process that formed our Milky Way Galaxy.
Mini Magellanic Cloud (MMC)
New research suggests that the SMC may in fact be split in two.
A smaller part may hidden about 30,000 light years behind the SMC.
This could have happened with the LMC splitting the SMC, and that the two sections are still moving apart.
This smaller section is being called the Mini Magellanic Cloud.
Eric Chaisson and Steve McMillan, Astronomy Today (Englewood Cliffs:  Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1993), p. 550.
Michael Zeilik, Conceptual Astronomy (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993), pp.
357–8.
Magellanic Clouds Working Group
Dwarf galaxies
"Christmas Who?" (
also known as "The SpongeBob Christmas Special") is the 28 episode of the second season of SpongeBob SquarePants.
The special received positive feedback.
A reviewer on Reviewstream.com calls it "a great story of the holiday spirit".
The special currently ranks a high 9.1 out of 10 on TV.com.
SpongeBob is sneaking up to Sandy's tree dome to perform his new karate move, and sees Sandy lighting up her tree to look like a Christmas tree.
SpongeBob, mistaking the lights for fire, freaks out and runs in and splashes water on Sandy.
Sandy realizes that SpongeBob never seen a Christmas tree before, and does not know what the holiday is.
While learning of the holiday and its activities, SpongeBob begins to spread the joy throughout the city of Bikini Bottom.
He tells everyone that Santa Claus will give you presents if you write him letters.
While everyone decorates and writes letters to Santa, Squidward refuses to believe in Santa and all the Christmas cheer.
On Christmas Eve, everyone waits outside singing for Santa, while Squidward goes to sleep.
The next morning, it turns out Santa never came, and soon, everyone becomes angry with SpongeBob.
After everyone has left, SpongeBob becomes heartbroken.
His pain is only made worse when Squidward comes out and makes fun of him.
SpongeBob gives Squidward a present that he would have given him so he would not feel left out if Santa came.
Squidward unwraps the present to find a carved wooden clarinet, hand-made by SpongeBob.
He becomes very happy, and becomes regretful of his actions.
When SpongeBob begins taking the lights off of his home, Squidward soon appears dressed as Santa Claus.
Santa informs SpongeBob that he brought the holiday to Bikini Bottom by just spreading the word, which makes SpongeBob faint.
Squidward gives all the fish his belongings to make SpongeBob and the people happy.
When it's all over, Squidward has nothing left and takes off the suit.
SpongeBob then tells him everything he missed.
That's when Squidward finds a note at his doorstep from Santa.
Squidward then looks up to see the real Santa in his sleigh flying out of Bikini Bottom, laughing with joy.
2000 television episodes
"Graveyard Shift" is the 36th episode of the second season of SpongeBob SquarePants.
Reviewstream had given a positive feedback, stating that it is a "funny episode," although stating that "it might frighten younger viewers."
A DVD Verdict critic also stated the episode to be one of his favorites, stating that it had a "funny dialogue."
DVD Talk also gave a positive score.
The Krusty Krab closes, and Squidward is excited, but Mr. Krabs realises that more profit would be gained if it was open 24 hours a day, so he does that.
SpongeBob is really excited, while Squidward is extremely annoyed.
Squidward scares SpongeBob with tales of the hash-slinging slasher.
According to Squidward, he was a frycook at the Krusty Krab many years ago.
When he was making Krabby Patties, he accidentally cut off his own hand, and later replaced it with a rusty spatula.
He was run over by a bus, and fired at his funeral.
Every Tuesday night, his ghost comes to the place and haunts it.
1 - The lights will flicker on and off.
2 - The phone will ring, and there will be nobody there.
3 - He will arrive in the ghost of the bus which ran him over, and he crosses the road without looking both ways, because he's already dead.
Later that night, everything that Squidward says actually happens.
He and SpongeBob are really scared, until they find out that the so-called hash-slinging slasher is actually a person who wants a job application, and hung up on the phone because he was nervous.
2002 in American television
2002 television episodes
"Sailor Mouth" is the 38th episode of the second season of SpongeBob SquarePants.
The episode was watched by 8.7 million viewers.
Erik Wiese, a member of the SpongeBob SquarePants crew, stated that "Sailor Mouth" was one of his favorite episodes because of its random and satirical nature, saying "Sometimes SpongeBob just catches me off-guard."
SpongeBob and Patrick discover a swear word written on the Krusty Krab dumpster.
Although SpongeBob is unsure of its meaning, Patrick tells him that it is a 'sentence enhancer' that will make them sound "fancy".
The two repeat the word while being in the Krusty Krab.
They also repeat the word over the loudspeaker.
However, the two regret saying it after Mr. Krabs had spoken to them about the word being highly inappropriate.
They are told that the curse word is number eleven in a list of thirteen bad words total.
Later, SpongeBob loses a game to Patrick and says the word again.
SpongeBob and Patrick race to the Krusty Krab to tell Mr. Krabs.
Mr. Krabs is mad, and punishes them by having to paint the Krusty Krab building.
When Mr. Krabs trips on a rock he screams all 13 bad words.
SpongeBob and Patrick, followed by Mr. Krabs, rush to Mama Krabs' house to tell on Mr. Krabs.
All three begin tattling on one another to Mama Krabs.
Mama Krabs, overwhelmed by the bad words, faints and then falls to the ground.
After regaining consciousness, Mama Krabs  then puts all three to work painting her house.
While watching them paint, Mama Krabs hurts herself and begins yelling out in pain.
The three look at Mama Krabs in shock, thinking that she is using one of the swear words.
However, they all begin to laugh when they discover that a neighbor was honking the horn of his old jalopy, which happened to always occur exactly with her outburst.
2001 television episodes
Amor Prohibido (album), an album by Daniela Romo
Amor Prohibido, an album by Selena
"Amor Prohibido" (song), a song by Selena
Amor Prohibido Tour, a 1994 tour by Selena
Amor prohibido (movie), a movie by Luis César Amadori
In biology, trinomial nomenclature is used to name living things at a rank lower than species.
The term trinomial nomenclature means "three-part name" or "system of three-part names".
If living things r than species get a scientific name, each name has three parts.
The first part indicates the genus, the second part indicates the species, and the third part is particular to the living thing (at whatever rank it has been assigned).
Dreaming of You (album), an album by Selena
Dreaming of You (song), a single from the album
Dreamin' of You (Celine Dion song), a song by Celine Dion
"Dreaming of You", a song by Sloan
Dreaming of You (The Coral song), a song by The Coral
Dreamin' of you (Bob Dylan song), a song by Bob Dylan
Como La Flor (song), a song by Selena
Como La Flor (album), a greatest hits album by Selena
Como La Flor (perfume), a perfume by Selena
The Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus) or Siberian white crane or snow crane, is a critically endangered crane.
They occur in three groups: the eastern group, which migrates from eastern Siberia to China, the central group, which migrates from western Siberia to India, and the western group, which migrate from western Russia to Iran
Adult Siberian cranes are 140 cm (5 ft) tall and weight 6 kg (13 lbs).
Their plumage is pure white, except for some wing feathers, which are black.
The front of the face does not have any feathers and is reddish in color.
Adult Siberian cranes are 140 cm (5 ft) tall and weight 6 kg (13 lbs).
The Siberian crane is a migratory species with three major populations, or groups.
The eastern group is estimated to contain around 3000-4000 cranes, over 95% of the total population.
In 2008, 3,750 individuals were counted at Poyang Lake in China, one of the breeding sites.
This group of cranes breeds in the Yakutia region of northeastern Siberia and spends the winter in the Yangtze River valley.
However, cranes sometimes are found in areas like Mongolia, Japan, and Korea, although they do not breed there.
The central group is believed to breed in western Siberia, especially along the Ob River.
These cranes spend the winter in India.
Although no one has actually tracked a crane on its migration route, researchers believe the cranes in Siberia fly over Kazakhstan and Afghanistan to reach India's Keoladeo National Park.
They believe this because cranes were seen in Kazakhstan and may have even nested there, and several cranes are known to stop in Afghanistan's lakes during their migration.
However, cranes of the central group were last seen in 2002, and there were only four cranes.
Therefore, many believe this group is now extinct.
The Climb is a song performed by Miley Cyrus.
It was released in 2009 as part of Hannah Montana: The Movie.
The song received strong musical ranks on the charts worldwide.
Nyarlathotep is the god of nightmares and chaos in the Cthulhu Mythos, a fictional universe.
It has many forms.
Unlike most other Mythos beings, Nyarlathotep enjoys interacting with humans (and other helpless critters) and then driving them mad.
It is also credited with giving humans the atomic bomb, with hopes that humanity kills itself off.
is an underwater volcano (seamount) of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain in the Pacific Ocean.
Suiko is an extinct volcano.
The seamount is also known as the "Suiko Guyot" because it has a flat top.
This undersea geologic feature is also called a "guyot" or "tablemount".
Seamount Biogeosciences Network,  database
DeVry University is a private university with campuses in the United States.
Its main programs of study are business administration, computer engineering, electrical engineering, network communication management, and other technology related studies.
The university operates on a trimester course schedule and, if taken full-time, a person can graduate with a bachelor's degree in three years or less.
Devry University Unofficial Blog
Keller Graduate School of Management
1931 establishments in the United States
Nintoku is an extinct volcano.
The seamount is also known as the "Nintoku Guyot" because it has a flat top.
A light machine gun, or LMG, is a type of machine gun that is designed to be used by only one soldier.
About LMGs
The caliber of cartridge that modern light machine guns fire are usually less than medium machine guns.
They are also usually lighter.
However, a light machine gun can be noticed by the role it plays in a battle.
Some machine guns, such as general-purpose machine guns, can be used as either a light machine gun or a medium machine gun.
If it uses a bipod and fires in short bursts, it is a light machine gun.
If it is used on a tripod and fires automatically for a long time, it is a medium machine gun.
It is possible to fire a light machine gun from the hip, or on the move.
This pins down the enemy.
Marching fire relies on this.
Otherwise, light machine guns are usually fired while lying down and using a bipod.
Many light machine guns (such as the Bren gun or the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle) got their ammunition from a magazine.
Others, such as the MG 34, could get their ammunition from either a belt or a magazine.
Modern light machine guns are designed to fire more bullets that have a smaller caliber.
Because of this, they are usually belt-fed.
Light machine guns were first brought into service in World War I to make the infantry more powerful.
By the end of World War II, one light machine gun was given to a section or squad.
Bren
Meiji is an extinct volcano.
The seamount is also known as "Meiji Guyot" because it has a flat top.
Edward Estlin Cummings (October 14, 1894 – September 3, 1962) or best known as E. E. Cummings was an American poet.
He is also known for his works as a painter, essayist, author, and playwright.
He had created about 2,900 poems, two autobiographical novels, four plays and several essays.
E. E. Cummings had done a lot of drawings as well as paintings.
He is best known as the preeminent voice of 20th century poetry.
Bloom, Harold, Twentieth-century American literature, New York : Chelsea House Publishers, 1985-1988. .
Friedman, Norman (editor), E. E. Cummings: A Collection of Critical Essays.
Friedman, Norman, E. E. Cummings: The Art of his Poetry.
James, George, E. E. Cummings: A Bibliography.
McBride, Katharine, A Concordance to the Complete Poems of E.E.Cummings.
Mott, Christopher. "
The Cummings Line on Race ."
Spring: The Journal of the E. E. Cummings Society, vol.
71–75, Fall 1995.
Norman, Charles, E. E. Cummings: The Magic-Maker, Boston, Little Brown, 1972.
Sawyer-Lauçanno, Christopher, E. E. Cummings: A Biography, Sourcebooks, Inc. (2004) .
E. E. Cummings, Lifelong Unitarian  Biography of Cummings and his relationship with Unitarianism
Papers of E. E. Cummings at the Houghton Library at Harvard University
E. E. Cummings Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
Poems by E. E. Cummings at PoetryFoundation.org
The paintings of E. E. Cummings
Jonathan Yardley, E. E. Cummings: A Biography, Sunday, October 17, 2004, Page BW02, The Washington Post Book Review
Christopher Sawyer-Lauçanno, E. E. Cummings: A Biography, Sourcebooks, Inc., 2004, 606 pages,
SPRING:The Journal of the E. E. Cummings Society
American Poems, 153 poems listed with user comments
Yūryaku is an extinct volcano.
The seamount is also known as the "Yūryaku Guyot" because it has a flat top.
is an underwater volcano (seamount) of the  Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain in the Pacific Ocean.
Kimmei is an extinct volcano.
The last eruption from Kimmei seamount was 40 million years ago.
Kimmei was formed at least 47.9 million years ago.
Minister Mentor (, ) is a Singapore cabinet position created in 2004 as part of a change in Singapore's political leadership.
The reason the government gave for creating this job is that Lee Kuan Yew can still help and advise the government.
The newly appointed Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong (son of Lee Kuan Yew and the next prime minister after Goh Chok Tong), announced Lee Kuan Yew's new  together with the naming of his Cabinet on August 12, 2004.
Before being appointed as Minister Mentor, Lee Kuan Yew held the post of Senior Minister (1990–2004) in the Cabinet of then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong.
This role of Minister Mentor was considered by some academics to be a sign that Lee Kuan Yew, despite no longer being the Prime Minister of Singapore, still had some power in Singapore's government.
Cabinet of the Republic of Singapore
In geometry, a double helix (plural double helices) is two helices with the same axis, but they differ by a translation along the axis.
The term is most often used in reference to the nucleic acid double helix, the main structure of nucleic like DNA and RNA.
Cuatro Torres Business Area is a place in Madrid. "
Cuatro Torres" is Spanish.
It means "Four Towers" in English.
Four skyscrapers were built here between 2006 and 2009.
Each building is about 250 m tall.
They are the tallest buildings in Spain.
Torre Sacyr Vallehermoso
A trillion (also written as 1012) is an integer.
One trillion dollars is equivalent to a thousand billion, or million dollars multiplied by millions.
A trillion is  a 1 with 12 zeros after it, represented as 1,000,000,000,000 or 10¹².
In the American system, 1 trillion equals a thousand thousand millions, or 10 to the 12th, whereas In the British system, 1 trillion equals a million million millions, or 10 to the 18th.
Frank William Abagnale, Jr. (born April 27, 1948 in Bronxville, New York City, United States) is an American security consultant.
He used to be a check forger, impostor, and escape artist.
He had a bad reputation in the 1960s for passing $2.5 million worth of carefully forged checks across 26 countries for five years, beginning when he was 16 years old.
He said he had created at least eight separate identities, pretending to be an airline pilot, a doctor, a prison agent, and a lawyer.
He escaped from police custody twice (once from a moving airplane at the airport and once from an American prison), before he was 21 years old.
He served less than five years in prison before starting to work for the American federal (national) government.
He is a consultant and lecturer at the academy of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which is the national police of the United States.
He also runs Abagnale & Associates, a financial fraud consultancy company.
Abagnale's life story was made into the movie Catch Me If You Can directed by Steven Spielberg in 2002 and starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks.
It is based on the autobiography Catch Me If You Can by Frank Abagnale.
A Broadway musical Catch Me If You Can opened in April 2011 in New York City.
"Someone like You" is the second hit single on Adele's record 21.
The song was released in 2011.
This was her first number one song in the United Kingdom and her second in the USA.
It received positive review by music critics.
The song is played only with Adele's voice and piano.
In 2012, the song was certified quintuple-Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.
"Someone like You" is Adele's third-best selling single in the United States, after "Rolling in the Deep" and "Hello".
It reached number 24 on Billboard's Year-End Hot 100 of 2011 and number 43 on the year-end chart for 2012.
The video is shot in black and white and features Adele walking around the streets of Paris.
At the end of the video, Adele's romantic interest is shown walking away from her window.
Vocals — Adele
Songwriting - Adele Adkins, Dan Wilson
Production - Adele Adkins, Dan Wilson
2010s ballads
Torch songs
Kegon Falls (華厳滝 Kegon no Taki) is a waterfall in Japan in Nikkō National Park in Tochigi Prefecture on the island of Honshū.
It is fed by Lake Chūzenji, which is the source of the Oshiri River which flows through this waterfall.
The waterfall is  high.
The Kegon Falls and Nikkō National Park are one of the most famous and popular places in Japan.
Thousands of people visit each year.
A trip to Kegon Falls with fall colours
Bodies of water of Japan
Razor shells, also called razor clams, are bivalves with the shape of an old-fashioned cut-throat razor.
They use their shells to work into the sand and hide beneath the surface.
Ensis, of the family Pharidae, is found on sandy beaches in Northern Europe and Eastern Canada, such as Prince Edward Island.
Ensis arcuatus prefers coarser sand than its relatives E. ensis and E. siliqua.
There is also another family of razor shells, the Solenidae.
Some think Solen and Ensis are close relatives, and some think they are similar because of convergent evolution.
The matter will probably be made clear by sequence analysis in the furure.
The razor shell has been known to reach  in length.
The dorsal margin is straight while the ventral margin is curved.
It can easily be confused with the slightly shorter  and more curved E. ensis (in which both front and back are curved in parallel).
Razor shells have a fragile shell, with open ends.
The shell is smooth on the outside and whitish in color, with vertical and horizontal reddish-brown or purplish-brown markings separated by a diagonal line.
The periostracum is olive-green.
The inner surface is white with a purple tinge and the foot is creamy white with brown lines .
The razor shell lives under the sand, using its powerful foot to dig to a safe depth.
The digging has six stages, repeated.
A digging cycle involves the muscular foot (which takes up a large part of the body) and the opening and closing of the valve and one end.
The foot is inflated hydraulically, and pushed down into the sand to anchor the animal.
Deflation of the foot then pulls the shell down.
The razor shell also squirts water down into the sand, removing loose sand from its path.
The foot exerts a pressure of 2 kg/cm2.
In the razor shell sexual development is highly synchronous: eggs and sperms are shed at the same time.
In winter and spring consecutive spawns take place, interrupted by periods when more eggs and sperm are produced.
Cockles are a group of (mostly) small, edible, saltwater clams.
They are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae.
They are very common on sandy sheltered beaches throughout the world.
The distinctive rounded shells of cockles are symmetrical, and are heart-shaped when viewed from the end.
In most genera there are numerous radial ribs (ridges on the shell).
The genus Laevicardium, the egg cockles, have very smooth shells.
The mantle has three openings (inhalant, exhalant, and pedal) for siphoning water and for the foot to stick out.
Cockles are capable of 'jumping' by bending and straightening the foot.
Cockles burrow using the foot, and feed by filtering plankton from the surrounding water.
Some species reach maturity quickly.
Confusingly, the common name "cockle" is also given (by seafood sellers) to a number of other small edible bivalves which have a somewhat similar shape, however these bivalves are in other families such as the Veneridae (Venus clams) and the Arcidae (ark clams).
Cockles in the family Cardiidae are sometimes known as "true cockles" in order to distinguish them from these other species.
Wildfires occur in every continent except Antarctica.
They can occur naturally and spontaneously, but many are caused by humans, accidentally or deliberately.
Fossil records and human history show that wildfires do occur at intervals.
The Great Oxygenation Event and the spread of land plants made Earth a planet of fire.
Wildfires can cause extensive damage to property and human life, but they also have some beneficial effects on wilderness areas.
Some plant species depend on the effects of fire for growth and reproduction, although large wildfires may also have negative ecological effects.
Strategies of wildfire prevention, detection, and suppression have varied over the years.
One of the more controversial methods is controlled burn: People permit or light small fires to burn away some of the fuel for a potential wildfire.
While some wildfires burn in remote forested regions, they can cause extensive destruction of homes and other property in the zone between developed areas and undeveloped wilderness.
Plant adaptation
Plants in wildfire-prone ecosystems often have adaptations to their local conditions.
Such adaptations include physical protection against heat, increased growth after a fire event, and flammable materials that encourage fire and eliminate competition.
For example, plants of the genus Eucalyptus contain flammable oils that encourage fire and hard sclerophyll leaves that resist heat and drought.
This makes them dominant over less fire-tolerant species.
Dense bark, shedding lower branches, and high water content in external structures may also protect trees from rising temperatures.
Fire-resistant seeds and reserve shoots that sprout after a fire encourage species preservation, as in 'pioneer' species that specialize in restarting ecological succession after a fire.
Smoke, charred wood, and heat can stimulate the germination of seeds.
Smoke from burning plants promotes contains orange butenolide, which induces germination of seeds.
Grasslands in Western Sabah, Malaysian pine forests, and Indonesian Casuarina forests are believed to have resulted from previous periods of fire.
The deadwood litter of Chamise (Californian greasewood shrub) is low in water content and flammable, and the shrub quickly sprouts after a fire.
Sequoia relies on periodic fires to reduce competition, release seeds from their cones, and clear the soil and canopy for new growth.
Some have adapted to, and rely on, low-intensity surface fires for survival and growth.
The optimum fire frequency for Caribbean pine in Bahamian pineyards is every 3 to 10 years.
Too frequent fires favour herbaceous plants, and infrequent fires favour other tree species.
A bipod is a V-shaped portable attachment that helps support and steady a device, usually a weapon such as a long gun or a mortar.
The word "bipod" comes from the Latin and Greek words "bi" and "pod". "
Bi" means "two" and "pod" means "foot", or "feet".
A bipod is sometimes attached to a firearm to help support it.
It also makes it more stable.
It gives the best stability along two axes of motion: side-to-side and up-and-down.
On firearms, bipods are often used on rifles and shotguns to allow the gun to rest and stop it from moving.
They can also be seen on long-barrelled weapons.
The bipod allows the gunner to rest the weapon on the ground, a short wall or other object.
This allows for more accuracy.
Different types of bipods are set up in different ways.
Some bipods are a specific length that can not be changed, but some bipods' length can be changed.
Mostly, when bipods are not being used, they are folded forwards, not back towards the gunner.
Some types of bipod can fold into grips for the gunner to hold to keep the weapon steady.
The good thing about having a bipod is that it makes weapons more accurate.
At first, the bipod was only used on long-barreled rifles, such as snipers.
However, light and heavy machine guns now use them, as well as small pistols.
was the 34th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
His reign started in 629 and ended in 641.
Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Jomei to be possibly legendary, but probable.
The name Jomei-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.
Events in Jomei's reign
628:  In the 35th year of Empress Suiko's reign, she abdicated her nephew succeeded her.
He became known as Emperor Jomei.
The succession was confirmed in ceremonies.
639: In the 10 year of Jomei, former Empress Suiko died.
The actual place of Jomei's grave is known.
This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Nara.
The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Jomei's mausoleum.
It is formally named Osaka no uchi no misasagi.
Some short poems are believed to have been written by Emperor Jomei.
Countless are the mountains in Yamato,
But perfect is the heavenly hill of Kagu;
When I climb it and survey my realm,
Over the wide plain the smoke-wreaths rise and rise,
Over the wide lake the gulls are on the wing;
A beautiful land it is, the land of Yamato!
-- Emperor Jomei
593 births
641 deaths
Inada is a third-generation Japanese American (Sansei).
As a child, Inada and his family were interned during World War II.
Inada became a jazz musician, and this affected his writing.
Inada cites jazz and his time in the internment camps as his chief influences as a poet.
He studied writing at the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Oregon, and the University of Iowa.
In 1994, Inada's Legends from Camp won an American Book Award; and he was awarded poetry fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts.
With new hope.
We build new lives.
Why complain when it rains?
This is what it means to be free.
-- Lawson Inada,  Japanese American Historical Plaza, Portland, Oregon
Select works
Three Northwest Poets: Drake, Inada, Lawder, Madison: Quixote Press, 1970.
Before the War; Poems as They Happened, New York: Morrow, 1971.
An Anthology of Asian-American Writers, Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1974 (Coeditor).
The Buddha Bandits Down Highway 99, Mountain View: Buddhahead Press, 1978 (With Garrett Kaoru Hongo and Alan Chong Lau).
The Big Aiiieeeee!:
An Anthology of Chinese American and Japanese American Literature, New York: Penguin, 1990 (Coeditor).
Legends From Camp, Minneapolis: Coffee House Press, 1993.
Winner, American Book Award.
Finalist, Los Angeles Times Book Award for Poetry.
In This Great Land of Freedom: The Japanese Pioneers of Oregon, Los Angeles: Japanese American National Museum, 1993 (Contributor).
Touching the Stones: Tracing One Hundred Years of Japanese American History, Portland: Oregon Nikkei Endowment, 1994 (Contributor).
Just Intonations, Ashland, Oregon: Graven Images Gallery Press, 1996.
Drawing the Line, Minneapolis: Coffee House Press, 1997.
Winner, Oregon Book Award for Poetry.
A New York Public Library Book for the Teen Age.
Only What We Could Carry: The Japanese American Internment Experience, Berkeley: Heyday Books, 2000 (Editor and author of introduction).
Unfinished Message: Selected Works of Toshio Mori, Berkeley: Heyday Books, 2000 (Author of introduction).
A Matter of Conscience: Essays on the World War II Heart Mountain Draft Resistance Movement.
Powell, Wyoming: Western History Publications, 2002 (Contributor).
Leonard, George. (
The Asian Pacific American Heritage: A Companion to Literature and Arts.
London: Taylor & Francis.
Niiya, Brian. (
Japanese American History: An A-to-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present.
New York: Facts on File; Bonn: Verlag für die Deutsche Wirtschaft AG.
OCLC: 26853950
PBS (US):  Lawson Fusao Inada
was a Japanese statesman and legal expert in Meiji period.
In 1915, he was ennobled with the title of danshaku (baron) under the kazoku system.
The people of Uwajima city named a bridge in his honor.
He was also honored by a Japanese commemorative postage stamp in 1998.
Hozumi, Nobushige.
Ancestor-Worship and Japanese Law.
University Press of the Pacific, 2003,
The new Japanese civil code,: As material for the study of comparative jurisprudence.
Maruzen 1912.
ASIN: B000870Z46
Marshall Byron K. Professors and Politics: The Meiji Academic Elite.
Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol.
1 (Winter, 1977), pp.
71–97
Oda, Hiroshi.
Japanese Law.
Oxford University Press, 2001.
Sport Relief is a charity event from Comic Relief that happens every two years.
It is held in association with BBC Sport.
The event brings together the worlds of sport and entertainment to raise money to help vulnerable people in both the UK and the world's poorest countries.
At the heart of the campaign is the Sport Relief Mile.
Sport Relief Website
All Out For India
Sport Relief Fairtrade Cotton Socks
Bench Press Challenge
Gregory was born in Rome, but the date of his birth is not certain.
"Saint Gregory", Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
Writings of Gregory I.
540 births
604 deaths
The Casino Marina del Sol is the largest casino in Chile.
It is in the city of Talcahuano.
It opened in 2005 under a Chilean law allowing casinos.
It contains a casino, hotel, gym, spa, disco, museum and car park.
2005 establishments in South America
A functional MRI shows the use of oxygen in different brain areas.
The Deoxyhemoglobin in blood absorbs a radiowave signal and later emits it (sends it back out).
Oxyhemoglobin does not.
When an area of the brain is active, the blood flow to that area increases and more oxyhemoglobin is delivered to supply the active cells with oxygen.
This means less of the signal is absorbed.
An active area of the  brain absorbs and emits less energy than a less active area.
This can be seen live as it is happening when different areas of the brain 'light up' on the images as they become less active.
Richard B. Buxton, Introduction to functional magnetic resonance imaging: Principles and techniques, Cambridge University Press, 2002,
Medical test
Columbia University - About fMRI (General)
Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain
"My Prerogative" is a song first released in 1988 in the United States and then recorded again in 2004.
The earlier version was by Bobby Brown.
The 2004 version was by Britney Spears.
Other people have covered the song since then.
It has been sampled in other songs.
A cultural icon can be a symbol, logo, picture, name, face, person, building, or other image.
It is easily recognized and generally represents an object or idea with great cultural significance to a wide cultural group.
It has a special status as representing, or important to, or loved by, a particular group of people, a place, or a period in history.
In the media, many well-known examples of popular culture have been called "iconic".
Some writers say that the word is overused.
See World Heritage Site #Cultural_criteria
Icons and persons
According to Times of India:
Icons and brands
Brands can show social values and changes, but many people have become tired of them.
Many brands want to be cultural icons, but fail.
Cultural icons are often timeless, imprinted in our consciousness.
They can go through several stages, from "rumblings, undercurrents" via "catharsis, explosion" and "mass acceptance, ripple effect" to "glorification, representative value".
While brands are rational and driven by features, cultural icons are emotional, free, driven by feeling, and creating emotional bonds.
An example of "branding" might include the wearing of a consistent fashion look by such music stars as Michael Jackson or Elvis Presley, making them instantly recognizable.
Royal or church clothing could also be understood as a form of emotional iconography.
Cultural icons may be national, regional or about a city.
And they can be symbols for a nation, or can show the values held by that state.
For example, France uses Marianne as a symbol of the French Revolution.
Bruce Lee is a symbol for the martial arts and philosophical culture of insight and knowledge in the entire world.
Charlie Chaplin symbolises comical action while Clint Eastwood is a symbol for strength and masculinity.
Jackie Chan is a global icon of comical stunts and martial arts based action.
Salvador Dalí is the worldwide icon for the bizarre and eccentric.
Media overuse
Some writers say that the terms "icon" and "iconic" have been overused.
A writer in Liverpool Daily Post calls "iconic" "a word that makes my flesh creep", a word "pressed into service to describe almost anything".
The Christian Examiner added "iconic" and "amazing" to its list of overused words.
It found over 18,000 "iconic" references in news stories alone, with another 30,000 for "icon", including use of it for SpongeBob SquarePants.
Icons by selected countries
Our New Icons  by The Daily Telegraph
Nothing and no one are Off Limits in an Age of Iconomania by The Age
Sciadopitys,  the Japanese umbrella-pine, is a unique conifer.
It is endemic to Japan, and the sole surviving member of the family Sciadopityaceae.
It is a living fossil with no close relatives: its fossils date from 230 million years ago.
It is an evergreen tree that can grow 15-27m tall.
Its brown main shoots have whorls of 7–12 cm long flexible green "cladodes".
These look like, and perform the function of, leaves but are actually composed of stem tissue.
Occasionally, a cladode will fork and produce a bud in the 'v' of the fork, just like a normal stem.
It is a very attractive tree and is popular in gardens, despite its slow growth rate and high cost.
Koyamaki was chosen as the Japanese Imperial crest for Prince Hisahito of Akishino, currently third in line to the Chrysanthemum Throne.
A general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) is a machine gun which gets its ammunition from a belt.
It can be used in many different roles: it can support infantry from a bipod or tripod or be put onto a helicopter or armoured vehicle.
It can provide fire support for vehicles or infantry from a variety of mounts.
A general-purpose machine gun is generally a medium machine gun.
It also fires rifle cartridges like the 7.62×51mm NATO or 7.92x57mm Mauser.
It is usually used from a bipod, tripod or on a vehicle.
This is because it is usually too powerful and heavy to be fired well on foot or while moving.
German Maschinengewehr 34.
German Maschinengewehr 42.
American M60.
Medium machine guns
it:Mitragliatrice media#Mitragliatrici ad uso generalizzato
was a old province of Japan in the area of Kyoto Prefecture on the island of Honshū.
In 794, the capital of Japan was in Yamashiro.
It remained in the province until the Imperial court moved to Tokyo in the 1870s.
Maps of Japan and Yamashiro Province were reformed in the 1870s.
The Kamo Shrines were the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) of Yamashiro.
These are the Kamigamo Shrine and the Shimogamo Shrine.
They are relatives of centipedes.
Symphylans look like centipedes, but are smaller and translucent.
They move through the pores between soil particles.
They are found from the surface down to a depth of about 50 cm.
They eat decaying vegetation, and can do harm in agriculture by eating seeds, roots, and root hairs in cultivated soil.
Pauropods are a type of myriapod.
They form the only order in the class Pauropoda.
About 500 species in four families are found worldwide, living in soil and leaf mold.
Pauropoda are tiny soil myriapods, 0.5-1.5mm in length, with 8-11 body segments.
The body appears to have fewer segments when viewed from above, because the dorsal shields (tergites) are fused in pairs.
The true segments can be seen from the ventral side, each segment bearing a single pair of walking legs.
A characteristic feature of pauropods is their branched antennae.
Defence against herbivory describes plant defences to avoid being eaten.
There are many adaptations which improve the survival and reproduction of plants by reducing the effect of herbivores.
Many plants produce chemicals which change the behaviour, growth, or survival of herbivores.
These chemical defences can act as repellents or toxins to herbivores, or reduce plant digestibility.
Some plants, known as hyperaccumulators, specialise in storing heavy metals which are toxic to animals.
Some plants encourage the presence of natural enemies of herbivores, which in turn protect the plant.
Some plants provide a home for ants which defend the plant strongly.
Other defensive strategies used by plants include escaping or avoiding herbivores in time or in place.
They may grow where plants are not easily found or got at by herbivores.
They may grow when herbivores are not around.
Herbivores may get diverted towards non-essential parts, or a plant may be able to recover from the damage caused by herbivory.
Each type of defence can be either constitutive (always present in the plant), or induced (produced in reaction to damage or stress caused by herbivores).
Plants can and do react to damage.
Historically, insects have been the most significant herbivores, especially the larvae of insects.
The evolution of land plants is closely associated with the evolution of insects.
While most plant defences are directed against insects, other defences have evolved that are aimed at vertebrate herbivores, such as birds and mammals.
Specific chemical defences
Plant chemicals have evolved to affect insects.
Some of these biochemical pathways exist in vertebrates, including humans.
Many pharmaceuticals are got from the chemicals plants use to protect themselves from herbivores.
Examples are opium, aspirin, cocaine, and atropine.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids  are produced by plants as a defence mechanism against insect herbivores.
More than 660 PAs and PA N-oxides have been identified in over 6,000 plants.
About half of them exhibit hepatotoxicity, that is, they attack liver function.
Evolution of defensive traits
The earliest land plants evolved from aquatic plants around 450 million years ago (mya) in the Ordovician period.
These early land plants had no vascular tissue and needed free water for their reproduction.
Vascular plants appeared later and their diversification began in the Devonian era (about 400 mya).
They had adaptations such as protective coatings to reduce evaporation from their tissues.
Reproduction and dispersal of vascular plants in these dry conditions was achieved through the evolution of specialized seed structures.
The diversification of flowering plants (angiosperms) during the Cretaceous period is associated with the sudden burst of speciation in insects.
This diversification of insects represented a major selective force in plant evolution, and led to selection of plants that had defensive adaptations.
Early insect herbivores bit or chewed vegetation; but the evolution of vascular plants lead to the co-evolution of other forms of herbivory, such as sap-sucking, leaf mining, gall forming and nectar-feeding.
Records of herbivores
fossilized plants which may preserve evidence of defense (such as spines), or herbivory-related damage;
the observation of plant debris in fossilised coprolite (animal faeces); and
the construction of herbivore mouthparts.
Long thought to be a Mesozoic phenomenon, evidence for herbivory is found almost as soon as fossils which could show it.
Within under 20 million years of the first fossils of sporangia and stems towards the close of the Silurian, around 420 mya, there is evidence that they were being eaten.
Animals fed on the spores of early Devonian plants, and the Rhynie chert also provides evidence that organisms fed on plants using a "pierce and suck" technique.
Many plants of this time are preserved with spine-like growths, which may have had a defensive role.
During the ensuing 75 million years, plants evolved a range of more complex organs – from roots to seeds.
There was a gap of 50 to 100 million years between each organ evolving, and it being fed upon.
Hole feeding and skeletonization are recorded in the early Permian, with surface fluid feeding evolving by the end of that period.
Herbivores depend on plants for food, and have evolved mechanisms to get this food despite the evolution of many plant defences.
Herbivore adaptations to plant defence have been likened to offensive traits.
They are adaptations which allow increased feeding and use of a host plant.
Relationships between herbivores and their host plants often results in reciprocal evolutionary change, called co-evolution.
When a herbivore eats, it eats plants that do not mount a sufficient defensive response.
This creates the opportunity for plants which can mount a defence.
So plants with defences become the more common.
In cases where this relationship demonstrates specificity (the evolution of each trait is due to the other), and reciprocity (both traits evolve), the species are thought to have co-evolved.
The "escape and radiation" mechanism for co-evolution is the idea that adaptations in herbivores and their host plants have been the driving force behind speciation.
The adaptations have played a role in the radiation of insect species during the age of angiosperms.
Some herbivores have evolved ways to hijack plant defences to their own benefit, by sequestering (keeping) these chemicals and using them to protect themselves from predators.
Plants also need animals
Most of the plants which defend their leaves so vigorously nevertheless do need animals.
Up to 98% of flowering plants in tropical lowland rain forests rely on animals for pollination and seed dispersal.
The dinosaur heresies: new theories unlocking the mystery of the dinosaurs and their extinction.
Morrow.
Chapter 8: Dinosaurs at table.
Strong D.R., Lawton J.W. and Southwood, Sir Richard 1984.
Insects on plants: community patterns and mechanisms.
Chapter 6 Coevolution.
The Wheeling Tunnel is a pair of tunnels in Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia.
The tunnels allow Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 250 to go through Wheeling Hill.
Each tunnel has two lanes of each road.
The tunnel is run by the West Virginia Division of Highways.
Opened in 1966, the Wheeling Tunnel cost $6.9 million to build.
It was rebuilt between 2007 and 2010 for $13.7 million.
In 2009, an average of 59,600 cars used the tunnel every day.
The Wheeling Tunnel is between exits 1A and 1B on Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 250.
These two highways use the same road through the city of Wheeling to go through Wheeling Hill.
People who need to use exit 1A at the western end of the tunnels use the tunnels' right lanes as acceleration (speeding up) and deceleration (slowing down) lanes.
Changing lanes is not allowed inside the tunnel.
Several accidents involving semi-trailer trucks caused local politicians to try to ban trucks from the tunnel.
Their plan would have the trucks use the nearby I-470.
Making the tunnel
A total of 13,000 square feet (1,200 m2) of industrial tile was used to cover the inside of the tunnels.
The tunnels cost $6.9 million (which is the same as $ million in ) to  build.
The then-governor of West Virginia, William Wallace Barron, and the state roads commissioner started construction on the tunnel on August 22, 1963.
Barron said it was the largest single building project in the state's Interstate Highway program.
The state gave the construction contract to C.J. Langenfelder & Son, Inc. in Baltimore, Maryland.
During construction, several workers became sick after breathing a lot of carbon monoxide.
As a result, the company stopped construction in 1964 until fans were installed.
The tunnel officially opened to traffic on December 7, 1966.
Rebuilding the tunnel
The West Virginia Division of Highways began planning to rebuild the tunnel in 2005.
Rebuilding began in January 2007.
The plan allowed three months for the work.
However, rebuilding of the eastbound tunnel took over eleven months.
There were problems with the glue that attached the tiles to the tunnel wall.
Problems with drains in the tunnel also caused delays.
Workers found a coal mine in the tunnel.
This also delayed the project.
Local officials suggested closing the tunnels because of these problems.
They planned to just build a road over Wheeling Hill instead.
Building the new road would have removed at least fifty families from their homes.