the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
They range from handheld pistols to star ship cannons.
Ion weapons are mainly used to stop electronic systems from working.
They can stop vehicles, droids and starships without doing any damage.
In Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back, the Rebel Alliance uses a large ion cannon on the planet Hoth to disable Imperial Star Destroyers near the planet.
This is done to stop them from firing on Rebel ships trying to leave the planet.
The Jawas used ion blasters to disable R2-D2.
In StarCraft, Raynor's faction is stopped from leaving because of Tarsonis' ion cannon.
The weapon is destroyed as part of a mission.
In the computer game Conquest: Frontier Wars, huge Ion Cannon space stations can be built.
In Master of Orion 2, Ion cannons are used to damage ship's internal systems.
They are not stopped by armor.
In the Pixar movie WALL-E, the robot EVE has an ion cannon in her right arm.
and its sequels has a weapon called the Ion Detonator.
In the Command&Conquer franchise the Global Defense Initiative(GDI) uses a orbital ion cannon as that faction superweapon.
Watch the C&C Ion Cannon in action. (
Created by Tiberian Dawn Mod team)
Lumsden is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.
The population of Lumsden was 1,523 in 2006.
The mayor of Lumsden is Bryan Matheson.
The town was originally known as Happy Hollow in 1881 and was changed to Lumsden in 1889 after Hugh Lumsden, a senior engineer with the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway.
is a children's story.
It was written by Dr. Seuss.
It is  written in rhymed verse.
Dr. Seuss drew the pictures.
It was published in 1957 as a book by Random House.
It was also published in a magazine called Redbook.
The book criticizes the commercialization of Christmas.
It also makes fun of those who profit from exploiting the holiday.
An animated television program of the story was made in 1966.
Boris Karloff narrated the show.
The character then appeared in the television specials Halloween is Grinch Night and The Grinch Grinches The Cat in the Hat.
He also was a recurring villain in The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss, an educational show for kids, and had a small part in the Broadway play Seussical.
In 2000 a movie was made based on the book.
Jim Carrey played the Grinch.
And in 2018, another movie based on the book was made, which was The Grinch.
Benedict Cumberbatch plays the Grinch in that one.
The Grinch is a nasty creature who lives high on a mountain with his dog Max.
He hates the happy people of Whoville and their Christmas celebrations.
He goes to Whoville.
He steals all the presents, decorations, and food.
He thinks Christmas will not come because he has been so mean.
Christmas comes all the same.
He realizes that Christmas is more than just presents and decorations.
His heart grows three sizes larger.
He returns all the presents and trimmings.
The people of Whoville welcome him.
The Mortier de 12 pouces Gribeauval (Gribeauval 12-inch mortar) was a French mortar.
It was made using the Gribeauval system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval.
It was part of the siege artillery.
The measurement of the mortar is given by the diameter of the ball.
It is measured using the French ancient system of measurement, in which 1 pouce (1 inch) is equal to 2.707 cm.
The Gribeauval system was a new way of making artillery as a single piece of metal and then drilling a bore hole.
This meant they could be made much lighter and more accurate.
The Mortier de 12 pouces Gribeauval was first used during the American Revolutionary War from 1780-82.
It was used during the Siege of Yorktown in 1781.
It was later used in by the French army during the wars that followed the French Revolution and during the Napoleonic Wars.
The Mortier de 12 pouces used a cylindrical chamber.
Although this was quite efficient, it used to wear easily.
This shape was later replaced by the Gomer system using a conical chamber.
Aerospace Valley is a French group of aerospace engineering companies and research centres.
It is in the regions of Occitanie and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest of France and is mainly concentrated in and around the city of Toulouse.
There are over 500 companies, including Airbus, Dassault Aviation, EADS and Air France Industries.
About 120,000 people work there in the aviation and space flight industries.
The headquarters of Aerospace Valley is in Toulouse.
The chairman of the group is Agnès Paillard.
Website of Aerospace Valley
2005 establishments in France
Ivry-sur-Seine is a town and commune in the southeast suburb of Paris, France.
About 56,000 people lived there in 2006.
Doubochinski's pendulum is an experiment with an oscillator and a magnet.
The most simple case is that of a pendulum that interacts with an oscillator.
The pendulum (with a magnet at the end) will swing at a frequency of one swing per period of 1-2 seconds.
A stationary electromagnet is placed under the equilibrium point of the pendulum.
The electromagnet is then supplied with an alternating current of a fixed frequency, of between 10 and 10.000 Hz.
When the pendulum is released at any location, its movement will then evolve to stop at a height which depends on the frequency of the current of the electromagnet.
This phenomenon was first discovered by the brothers Danil and Yakov Doubochinski in 1968–69.
Don Pasquale is an Italian comic opera in three acts.
Giovanni Ruffini wrote the libretto (story and words).
Don Pasquale was the 64th of the 66 operas Donizetti wrote.
It is about an old bachelor who wants to marry.
The opera was first performed on January 3, 1843 at the Comédie-Italienne in Paris, France.
It was first performed in Italy at La Scala in Milan on April 17, 1843.
In London, England, it was first performed on June 29, 1843, and in the United States on January 7, 1845 in New Orleans.
Don Pasquale, an old bachelor (bass)
Dr Malatesta, his doctor (baritone)
Ernesto, Don Pasquale's nephew (tenor)
Norina, a young widow (soprano)
Carlino, a notary (bass)
Holden, Amanda (Ed.)
The New Penguin Opera Guide.
Penguin Putnam.
Longer synopsis of Don Pasquale  from English Touring Opera
Discography from Stanford website
Tierra del Fuego is an archipelago at the southern tip of South America.
The Magellan Strait sepearates it from the South American Mainland.
The archipelago consists of a big island, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and a number of smaller islands.
The land area of the archipelago is 73.746 square kilometers.
With about 47.000 square kilometers, Isla Grande  takes roughly half of the total land mass.
The Archipelago (and the main island) is divided between Argentina and Chile.
About 127.000 people live in the part belonging to Argentina, about 8.000 in that belonging to Chile.
The Argentine part is called Tierra del Fuego Province, the Chilenan part has the name Magellanes.
The biggest cities on the main island are Rio Grande, 57.000 people, and Ushuaia in the Argentine part, and Porvenir with 5.700 inhabitants in the Chilenan  part.
Puerto Williams, with 2300 people, is the most southern city in the world.
Islands of South America
Mons Meg is a mediaeval bombard made in 1449.
It is now at Edinburgh Castle, Scotland.
In contrast to modern shells, which are explosive, these older cannons fired solid balls.
Mons Meg fired balls of iron.
It seems, from the accounts of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, that it was made to his order around 1449 and sent as a gift eight years later to King James II of Scotland, with other artillery supplies.
Mons Meg weighs , is  in length, and has a calibre of .
The final cost of the gun was £1,536.
The bombard was made from long bars of iron, hooped with rings and fused into one mass.
The Duke's artillery maker constructed it, and it was tested at Mons, Wallonia, in June 1449.
The Duke did not take delivery until 1453.
The Duke decided to help the Scots against the English, and sent it to James II.
James imported a lot of artillery from continental Europe during his reign.
He used it against his enemies in Scotland, such as the Earl of Douglas.
James died as a result of an exploding cannon used in the siege of Roxburgh Castle in 1460.
Another story suggests Mons Meg was made in order to help James II in the 1452 siege of Threave Castle in Kirkcudbright, when the Clan MacLellan used it to batter the castle.
This version has little support.
The  calibre cannon accepted balls that weighed about .
It could only be fired 8-10 times a day due to the tremendous heat generated by the huge powder charge.
In early years the gun, like the other royal cannon, was painted with red-lead to keep it from rusting.
This cost 30 shillings in June 1539.
From the 1540s Meg was retired from active service and was fired only on ceremonial occasions from Edinburgh Castle, from where shot could be found up to two miles away.
When Mons was fired on 3 July 1558, workmen were paid to find and retrieve the shot from Wardie Mure, near the River Forth.
The salute marked the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the French Dauphin.
The gun was fired in 1680 to celebrate the arrival of James, Duke of Albany and York, later King James II of England and VII of Scotland.
The barrel burst.
An English cannoneer had loaded the charge and many Scots believed that the damage was done on purpose, since the English had no cannon as big as this.
It was next taken, with other disused ordnance, to the Tower of London in 1754, but was returned to the Castle in 1829, after a campaign by the author Sir Walter Scott.
It was restored, and now sits outside St. Margaret's Chapel.
Schwerer Gustav (English: Heavy Gustaf, or Great Gustaf) and Dora were the names of two huge World War II German 80 cm K (E) railway siege guns.
The two guns were developed in the late 1930s by Krupp, the famous German arms manufacturer.
Their purpose was to destroy heavy fortifications, especially in the French Maginot Line.
The guns weighed nearly 1,350 tonnes, and could fire shells weighing seven tonnes to a range of .
Although they were intended for World War II, they were not ready for action when the Wehrmacht outflanked the Maginot line by sweeping through the low country (Belgium) to start the Battle of France.
However, they were ready in Autumn 1941, after the Wehrmacht invaded the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa).
Gustav was used at the siege of Sevastopol in the summer of 1942.
By the end of the siege on 4 July the city of Sevastopol lay in ruins, and 30,000 tons of artillery ammunition had been fired.
Gustav had fired 48 rounds and worn out its original barrel, which had already fired around 250 rounds during testing and development.
The gun was fitted with the spare barrel and the original was sent back to Krupp's factory in Essen for relining.
Both Gustav and Dora were moved to Leningrad, and may have been intended for Warsaw.
Gustav was eventually captured by US troops and cut up, whilst Dora was destroyed near the end of the war to avoid capture by the Red Army.
The Schwerer Gustav was the largest calibre rifled weapon in the history of artillery to see actual combat.
It fired the heaviest shells of any artillery piece.
A few other huge guns were never fired in anger: the French Monster Mortar (36 French inches; 975mm), the  British Mallet's Mortar (36 inch; 914 mm) and the American Little David mortar (36 inch; 910 mm).
The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British Dominion from 1907 to 1949.
It was in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast.
It was made up of the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the mainland.
The territory was a British colony until 1907, when it was made a dominion.
The Statute of Westminster of 11 December 1931 said that the Dominion of Newfoundland was independent within the British Commonwealth, along with Canada, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
But on 16 February 1934 the Newfoundland parliament gave up its self-government, and governance of the dominion went back to being controlled from London.
Though governed from overseas, Newfoundland stayed legally a dominion, until it joined Canada in 1949 to become Canada's tenth province.
The  was a field gun of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).
This artillery piece was planned to replace the Type 38 75 mm field gun and the Type 41 75 mm cavalry gun in front line combat.
Type 95 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
a given name of a person
a family name of a person
a name of a Scottish clan
a Scottish title, the Lord, Earl, Marquess or Duke
Hamitic theory is a theory that claims that so called  hamitic race is superior to the negroid races on the African continent.
John Hanning Speke started the theory.
Karl Richard Lepsius and Carl Meinhof extended the theory: they used languages to classify people into hamitic or non-hamitic; this is no longer done today.
Another way they classified people into hamitic or non-hamitic is by ethnic roots.
Negroid people are perceived as Shemetic as opposed to the Hamitic Ethiopian, Sudanese, and some other West African ethnic groups as attested by the genealogy of ancient ethnic lineages.
For example, a person who has ancestry from Rome would be considered closer to a Hamite than a person whose ancestry is in Africa.
Ironically, the Hamites include some of the darkest sub-Saharan African groups like the Nilotes that were considered closest to Europeans as opposed to the Chadic sub saharan Africans who share a common RB1 lineage.
This theory also included giving classes to those members of the negroid races of Africa upon colonization.
This, in part, contributed to the Rwandan Genocide, which pinned the members of the Tutsi ethnicity or tribe against the members of the Hutu people, although the tension between them was over small differences.
Muret (Occitan gascon: Murèth) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region of southwestern France.
Muret is at about  to the south of Toulouse and has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The communes that are around Muret are Seysses, Roques, Saubens, Villate, Eaunes , Le Fauga, Beaumont-sur-Lèze, Saint-Hilaire, Lherm, Lamasquère, Saint-Clar-de-Rivière and Labastidette.
Muret is on the Garonne river at its confluence with the Louge, which flows northeast through the commune.
The Garonne flows north through the commune and forms part of its northern border.
The inhabitants of Muret are known, in French, as Murétains (women: Murétaines).
The commune of Muret has a population, in 2014, of 24,975; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.
Muret is a subprefecture of the Haute-Garonne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Muret and the administrative centre () of the canton of Muret.
It is part of the intercommunality Le Muretain ().
Biscarosse is a commune of 12,487 people (2007).
Saint-Yan is a commune in eastern France.
Today, about 1.141 people live in the city.
Vices & Virtues is the third full-length studio album from Panic!
It was released on March 18, 2011 under Fueled By Ramen and Decaydance Records.
The album was produced and mixed by music engineers Butch Walker and John Feldmann.
The album peaked at number seven on the Billboard 200 albums chart and number five on the Billboard Digital Albums chart.
The lead single off the album, "The Ballad of Mona Lisa", was released on February 1, 2011.
The single peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
The second single off the album, titled "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)", was released on June 6, 2011.
It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart.
The album has a different sound than their previous two studio album releases A Fever You Can't Sweat Out (2005) and Pretty.
That is because two group members had left, and because of the amount of time between the releases of Vices and Pretty.
The album has elements from the band's debut album.
It has heavy use of synthesizers and guitars.
The track "Mona Lisa" returns to the idea of the band's first single "I Write Sins, Not Tragedies", which had heavier guitar and rock influences.
The song "Let's Kill Tonight" was released in the United Kingdom for the band's 2012 Spring Vices & Virtues Tour.
A music video was uploaded on February 10, 2012 on the Fueled By Ramen official YouTube channel with a minute and ten seconds of the band performing the song live in London.
Vices & Virtues was released March 22, 2011 in the United States, Brazil, and Canada.
It was released on other dates in other countries.
The record debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, with first-week sales of 56,000 copies in the United States.
This is very different from the group's previous effort, Pretty.
which debuted without much commercial attention in 2008, with first-week sales of 139,000.
The album also came in at #2 on Neilson SoundScan Alternative Albums chart and #5 on the Digital Albums ranking.
"The Ballad of Mona Lisa"
"Let's Kill Tonight"
"Trade Mistakes"
"Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)"
"The Calendar"
"Sarah Smiles"
"Nearly Witches (Ever Since We Met...)"
"New Perspective" (bonus track from the soundtrack of the 2009 horror film Jennifer's Body)
"Oh Glory" (demo version)
"Stall Me"
"I Wanna Be Free"
"Turn Off The Lights"
"Kaleidoscope Eyes"
"The Ballad of Mona Lisa" (radio edit)
The , also known as a "10-cm" gun, was a cannon used by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).
It was used during for long-range fire.
This artillery piece was the first medium caliber cannon which was Japanese designed.
It the first with a split trail carriage.
It was used Imperial Japanese Army but was not considered successful.
It was replaced by the Type 92 105 mm cannon.
After the Versailles Treaty, the Japanese considered other options including cannon designed by Schneider et Cie from France.
Type 14 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
The Ballad of Mona Lisa (shortened as Mona Lisa) is the lead single off the Panic!
at the Disco album Vices & Virtues released on February 1, 2011 under Fueled By Ramen.
The single was produced by Butch Walker and John Feldmann and written by band members frontman Brendon Urie and drummer Spencer Smith.
The song peaked at number 84 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 single's chart.
The song has received positive critical reviews upon its release.
Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind (also known as Ready to Go) the second single off the album Vices & Virtues by American pop rock band Panic!
The single is the follow up to the band's previously released single "The Ballad of Mona Lisa".
The single was produced by Butch Walker, who produced the majority of the band's Vices & Virtues album, and written by frontman Brendon Urie and percussionist Spencer Smith along with co-producer John Feldmann.
The single is a branch out statement relative to the group's other well-known songs as this song contains less rock elements and is lacking the group's sound from their previous two albums A Fever You Can't Sweat Out and Pretty.
The single peaked at number fourteen on the U.S. Billboard Alternative Songs chart in July of 2011.
The single's music video premiered on YouTube and VEVO on May 2, 2011 on the official Fueled By Ramen YouTube channel.
As of February 1, 2012 the video itself, on YouTube, has a round-up tally of 6,000,000 views.
"Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)" - 3:37 (Album version)
"Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)" - 3:20 (live tour performance)
The Producers is a 1968 American satirical dark comedy cult classic movie written and directed by Mel Brooks.
The movie tells the story of a theatrical producer and an accountant who want to produce a Broadway musical, but they want it to fail.
They take more money from investors than they need and plan to abscond to Brazil as soon as the play closes, only to see the show turn out to be a hit.
The Producers was the first movie directed by Mel Brooks.
He won an Academy Award for his screenplay.
Decades later, it was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed 11th on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs list.
The movie was later remade by Brooks as a successful Broadway stage musical.
The musical itself was adapted as a movie in 2005.
Zero Mostel as Max Bialystock, the producer
Gene Wilder as Leo Bloom, the accountant
Dick Shawn as L.S.D.
Kenneth Mars as former Nazi soldier and playwright, Franz Liebkind
MyNetworkTV is an broadcast syndication channel in the United States.
It is a major network.
Their sister channel is Fox.
"Fall Premieres - TV Grid", Orange County Register, September 14, 2007
MyNetworkTV series and specials from The Futon Critic Showatch
MyNetworkTV schedule  at MyNetworkTV.com
Currently Airing Off-Network Repeats
Mondays:
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2011–18; 2019–present)
Tuesdays:
Cold Case (2011–12)
Wednesdays:
Burn Notice (2010–12)
Thursdays:
Without a Trace (2009–12)
Fridays:
Monk (2010–14)
Formerly broadcast
American Heiress (2007)
Desire (2006)
Fashion House (2006)
Saints & Sinners (2007)
Watch Over Me (2006–2007)
Wicked Wicked Games (2006–2007)
Control Room Presents (2007–2008)
The Academy (2007)
Breaking the Magician's Code: Magic's Biggest Secrets Finally Revealed (2007–2009)
Celebrity Exposé (2007–2009)
Decision House (2007–2008)
Jail (2007–2009)
Masters of Illusion (2009)
Meet My Folks (2007–2008)
Paradise Hotel 2 (2008)
Street Patrol (2008–2009)
The Tony Rock Project (2008–2009)
Under One Roof (2008–2009)
Vice Squad (2009)
Whacked Out Videos (2008–2009)
World's Funniest Moments (2008–2009)
Comics Unleashed (2008–2009)
The Best of In Living Color (2007–2008)
The Bernie Mac Show (2009–2010)
Scrubs (2009–2011)
The New Adventures of Old Christine (2010–2011)
The Twilight Zone (2008–2009)
The Unit (2009–2010)
Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2010–2011)
Game Shows
2009–2011)
Deal or No Deal (2009–2010)
Don't Forget the Lyrics! (
2010–2011)
IFL Battleground (2007–2008)
WWE SmackDown    (2008–2010)
My Thursday Night Movie (2009–2010)
My Friday Night Movie (2007–2008)
My Saturday Night Movie (2008–2009)
World Music Awards (2007)
Happy Birthday, Elton (2007)
Hawaiian Tropic International Beauty Pageant (2007)
Ujena Bikini Jam (2007)
Hooters Dream Girl Challenge
Night of a Million Laughs: Comics Unleashed (2007)
Eddie Murphy: 25th Anniversary of 'Delirious' (2007)
Taurus World Stunt Awards (2007)
Celebrity Daredevils (2007)
AVP Volleyball specials (2007–2008)
Santa's Funniest Moments (2007)
Holidaze: The Christmas That Almost Didn't Happen (2007)
Christmas Glory: In the Key of Love (2007)
Christmas at the Cathedral (2007)
World Magic Awards (2007)
Masters of Illusion: Impossible Magic (2008)
Secrets of Psychics Revealed (2008)
The Harlem Globetrotters 80th Anniversary Special (2008)
Impossible Escapes (2008)
Heroes Among Us: The 2008 Hero Awards (2008)
The Tour of Gymnastics Superstars (2008)
WrestleMania XXIV (2008)
Meu Bem Querer (My Wishing Well) is a Brazilian historical telenovela.
It was first shown in 1998.
The series starred Murilo Benício, Alessandra Negrini, Leonardo Brício and Flávia Alessandra.
Infantry guns are artillery weapons for the use of infantry units.
The designs usually have short barrels which fire a low speed shell.
They are lightly built so they are easy to moved around on the battlefield.
Very few infantry guns are still used by infantry units.
They have been replaced by grenade launchers, light anti-tank weapons and heavier wire-guided missiles.
Pack guns are similar to an infantry gun, but mean those guns that are meant to be taken apart for movement.
Mountain guns are infantry guns designed for use during mountain combat.
Airborne guns are those designed for use by paratroopers.
They are easy to move and lighter weight when compared to field guns.
Infantry guns were the first type of artillery used by armed forces, first in China, and later brought to Europe by the Mongol invasion.
At first they were simple cast barrels called pots de fer in French, or vasi in Italian.
These weapons were small, immobile, and fired large bolts or quarrels.
As the barrels became longer, a way had to be found to move the guns.
This led to two different solutions.
One was the very light hand-gun, which became the arquebus.
The other was to place the gun on wheeled carriages, such as the 2-pounder Culvern moyane, the 1-pounder Falcon, and the 3/4-pounder Falconet.
These lighter Renaissance pieces led to the development of the 3-pounder and 4-pounder regimental guns of the 17th century, notably in the army of Gustavus Adolphus.
The light field guns of the 17th century, known as a drake in England, came in almost 100 different calibres.
Each had its own name, some of which were:
5 pound, 3½ inch saker, weighing 1 ton
4 pound, 3 inch minion, weighing 3/4 ton
2 pound, 2¾ inch falcon, weighing 1/4 ton
1 pound, 2 inch falconet, weighing 200lbs
¾ pound, ¼ inch robinet, weighing 100lbs
Although oxen were used to pull the heavier field and siege guns, some on wagons rather than limbers, they were too slow to keep up with the infantr.
Horses were used to pull the lighter pieces, leading to the development of the artillery carriage and horse team that survived until the late 19th century.
L'elisir d'amore () is an Italian comic opera in two acts.
The music was written by Gaetano Donizetti.
Felice Romani wrote the libretto, after Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's Le philtre (1831).
The opera was first performed at the Teatro della Canobbiana, Milan, Italy on May 12, 1832.
L'elisir d'amore is number 12 on the Operabase list of the most performed operas in the world.
The aria "Una furtiva lagrima" () is very famous.
In 1840, Richard Wagner arranged the opera for piano.
W. S. Gilbert wrote a parody of the opera called Dulcamara, or the Little Duck and the Great Quack in 1866.
Place: A small village in the Basque Country.
[The Schirmer English edition of the score states that the action takes place 'In a small Italian Village'].
Time: The end of the 18th century
Nemorino, a poor peasant, is in love with Adina, a beautiful landowner.
She torments him with her seeming indifference.
When Nemorino hears Adina reading to her workers the story of Tristan and Isolde, he considers using a magic potion to gain Adina's love.
He is afraid she loves  Sergeant Belcore.
The Sergeant appears with his regiment.
He proposes marriage to Adina.
The traveling quack salesman, Dulcamara arrives, selling his bottled cure-all to the townspeople.
Nemorino asks Dulcamara if he has anything like Isolde's love potion.
Dulcamara says he does.
He sells it to Nemorino at a price matching the contents of Nemorino's pockets.
The bottle contains only wine.
In order to make a timely escape, Dulcamara tells Nemorino the potion will not take effect until the next day.
Nemorino drinks it, feeling its effects immediately.
Emboldened by the 'elixir' Nemorino encounters Adina.
She teases him mercilessly, the audience senses that the attraction might be mutual, were it not for the marriage proposal of the Sergeant Belcore.
In fact, their wedding date has been set for six days hence.
Nemorino's confidence that tomorrow he will win Adina by virtue of the elixir, causes him to act indifferently toward her.
This upsets Adina, but she attempts to hide her feelings.
Instead, she ups the ante as well by agreeing to Sergeant Belcore's alternate suggestion: that they marry immediately as he has just received orders that the regiment must ship off the next morning.
Both Adina and the Sergeant gauge Nemorino's reaction to this news, the Sergeant with resentment, Adina with despair.
Nemorino panics, and cries out for Doctor Dulcamara to come to his aid.
Adina's outdoor wedding party is in full swing.
Dr. Dulcamara is there, and performs a song with Adina to entertain the guests.
The notary arrives to make the marriage official.
Adina is sad to see that Nemorino has not appeared.
Everyone goes inside to sign the wedding contract.
But Dulcamara stays outside, helping himself to food and drink.
Nemorino appears, having seen the notary, realizes that he has lost Adina.
He sees the Doctor and frantically begs him for more elixir, of the type that will work immediately.
But because Nemorino has no money, the Doctor refuses, disappearing inside.
The Sergeant emerges, alone, wondering aloud why Adina has suddenly put off the wedding and the signing of the contract.
Nemorino spots his rival, but is powerless to do anything.
The Sergeant asks about Nemorino's dejection.
When Nemorino says he has no money Belcore immediately suggests that if he joins the army he'll be paid immediately.
He produces a contract, which Nemorino signs (with an X) in return for the cash Belcore gives him on the spot.
Nemorino privately vows to fly to Dulcamara for more potion, while Belcore muses that he has easily dispatched of his rival by sending him off to war.
Later that evening the women of the village are gossiping that Nemorino is unaware that he has just inherited a large fortune from his deceased uncle.
They spot Nemorino, who has clearly spent his military signing bonus, and has bought and consumed a large amount of 'elixir' (wine again) from Dr. Dulcamara.
The women approach Nemorino with overly friendly greetings, the likes of which he has never seen.
This is proof to Nemorino that this dose of the elixir has worked.
Adina sees Nemorino in a jolly mood and, encountering Dr. Dulcamara, wonders what has gotten into him.
Dulcamara, unaware that Adina is the object of Nemorino's affection, tells her the story of the smitten bumpkin who spent his last penny on the elixir, and even signed his life away, joining the army for money to get more, so desperate was he to win the love of some unnamed cruel beauty.
Adina immediately realizes Nemorino's sincerity, and regrets teasing him.
She falls for Nemorino, basking in the sincerity of his love.
Dulcamara interprets this behavior as some sort of condition requiring a cure by one of his potions.
They depart.
Nemorino appears alone, pensive, reflecting on a tear he saw in Adina's eye when he was ignoring her earlier.
Based on that tear alone, he is sincerely convinced that Adina loves him.
She enters, asking him why he has chosen to join the army and leave the town.
When Nemorino says he's seeking a better life, Adina responds by telling him he is loved, and that she has purchased his military contract from Sergeant Belcore.
She offers the cancelled contract to Nemorino, asking him to take it.
He is free now.
She says, however, that if he stays, he will no longer be sad.
As he takes the contract Adina turns to leave.
Nemorino believes she is abandoning him and flies in to a desperate fit, vowing that if he is not loved, if the elixir has not worked, and the Doctor has fooled him, then he might as well go off and die a soldier.
Adina stops him and confesses that she loves him.
Nemorino is ecstatic.
Adina begs him to forgive her for teasing him.
He does so with a kiss.
The sergeant returns, seeing the two in an embrace.
Adina explains that she loves Nemorino.
The Sergeant takes the news in stride, noting that there are plenty of other women in the world.
Dulcamara, his bags packed, pops out of a doorway, adding that he will happily provide elixir for the Sergeant's next conquest.
A crowd has gathered by now, all agreeing that the elixir has done its job as they bid a fond farewell to the doctor.
Full score with English translation at the International Music Score Library Project
Vocal score with English translation
Karadar.com | Libretto (Italian)
Stanford.edu | Libretto (Italian)
Essay by Thomas May for San Francisco Opera
& (Occitan) Cross-over between L’Elisir d’amore and the traditional music from County of Nice, France
Giacomo Leopardi (Recanati June 29, 1798 – Naples June 14, 1837) was an Italian poet, essayist, philosopher, and philologist.
He is considered one of the greatest poets of the 19th century.
"Good Night" is the first episode of Season 1 of The Simpsons shorts.
It was first shown on television on April 19, 1987.
Simple storyline
Longer storyline
Homer says good night to his son Bart, but then he asks questions about the mind.
Homer tells Bart to relax, and makes a joke about mind and matter.
Bart is still scared when the lights are turned off.
In Lisa's bedroom, Marge is good night to her daughter Lisa.
After a few sentences, she uses the saying "don't let the bed bugs bite".
This scares Lisa as well.
In Maggie's bedroom, Marge sings the lullaby Rock-a-bye Baby, but in Maggie's thoughts she sees herself falling from a tree.
Maggie becomes scared from this thought like Bart and Lisa.
In Marge and Homer's bedroom, they say good night to each other thinking they must be the best parents ever.
Then Bart, Lisa and Maggie come in the room quickly, and start shouting and complaining.
Marge tells them to come into bed with them to make them feel safer, and they go to sleep.
Maggie is last, saying "Good night".
1987 in entertainment
Brookesia micra is, , the smallest known species of chameleon in the world.
It is small enough to stand on the head of a match.
It can grow up to  in length.
Airdrie is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta.
The population of Airdrie was 42,564 in 2011.
The mayor of Airdrie is Peter Brown.
The city was first established as a railway village in 1889 during the construction of the Calgary and Edmonton Railway and is named after Airdrie, Scotland.
The United States men's national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of the United States, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado and Ann Arbor, Michigan.
The team is controlled by USA Hockey.
, also known as a "10-cm" gun, was a cannon of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).
A Type 92 prototype was completed in 1932.
Less than 200 Type92s were made.
Type 92 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
Nearby cities
Official website in Japanese, English and Spanish
is a Japanese prefecture  at the western end of the Chūgoku region on the island of Honshū.
The capital is the city of Yamaguchi.
Yamaguchi is at the southern end of Honshū.
The Sea of Japan forms its northern coastline; and the Seto Inland Sea is on its southern coast.
Its northeastern border meets Shimane Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture.
Tamanoya jinja and Sumiyoshi jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.
Notable people from Yamaguchi
Shinzo Abe
Yamaguchi Prefecture website
Infantry guns are designed to give direct support for infantry forces.
They fire a range of shells, usually directly at their target.
Most are lightweight and can be manhandled for limited mobility to accompany infantry.
Towed infantry guns
Self-propelled infantry guns
Self-propelled infantry guns named Assault guns are guns mounted in armored vehicles designed to provide direct fire support for infantry and armored forces.
Typically, the gun is mounted in the hull and the front of the vehicle most heavily armored.
Nocturnal enuresis, also called bedwetting, is a health issue that is often caused by or the symptom of certain health troubles.
It happens when a person involuntarily urinates while he or she is asleep.
Sometimes people suffering from bedwetting use diapers.
Usually this issue is common in newborns and  children.
The Orion nebula, or  Messier 42, M42, or NGC 1976, is a diffuse nebula.
It is visible to the naked eye in the night sky.
It is exceptionally bright because it has O-type stars  at its core.
They are the hottest and brightest stars.
The nebula is south of Orion's Belt in the constellation of Orion.
M42 is 1,344 ± 20 light years away from us.
It is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth.
Big as it is, the Orion nebula is just part of an even larger star-forming area known as the Orion complex.
Stellar nursery
The nebula is a huge stellar nursery.
700 stars are in the process of forming there.
At its heart is a very young open cluster, known as the Trapezium because of the pattern formed by its main stars.
Recent observations with the Hubble Space Telescope have shown protoplanetary disks inside the Orion Nebula.
This is a major discovery.
They are called proplyds for short.
There are more than 150 of these in the nebula.
They are thought to be to be systems in the earliest stages of planetary system formation.
The sheer numbers have been used as evidence that the formation of star systems is fairly common in the universe.
Stars form when clumps of hydrogen and other gases in an H II region contract under their own gravity.
As the gas collapses, the central clump grows stronger and the gas heats to extreme temperatures by converting gravitational potential energy to thermal energy.
If the temperature gets high enough, nuclear fusion will start, and form a protostar.
The protostar is 'born' when it begins to emit enough energy to balance out its gravity and halt gravitational collapse.
The Calgary Hitmen are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1995.
They play their home games in Calgary, Alberta at the Scotiabank Saddledome.
The teams name pays homage to the nickname of retired professional wrestler Bret Hart.
Hart was also a founding member of the Hitmen along with NHL players Theoren Fleury and Joe Sakic.
The team has won 2 Ed Chynoweth Cups.
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Bulacan is a province in the Philippines.
Its capital is Malolos City.
It is in the northern island of Luzon.
It is surrounded by the province of Pampanga in the west; Nueva Ecija in the north; Aurora and Quezon in the east; and Metro Manila in the south.
It is an historic place in the Philippines.
Many Filipino heroes and political persons come from Bulacan.
It was also the former seat of the national government.
Malolos
Meycauayan
Angat
Balagtas (old name: Bigaa)
Baliuag
Bocaue
Bustos
Calumpit
Dona Remedios Trinidad
Guiguinto
Marilao
Norzagaray
Obando
Pandi
Paombong
Plaridel
San Miguel de Mayumo (shorter name: San Miguel)
The Everett Silvertips are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2003.
They play their home games in Everett, Washington at the Comcast Arena at Everett.
The team is named after the Silvertip bear.
The team has won division titles in the 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–2007 seasons, a conference title in the 2003-04 season and a regular season title in the 2006–0
The Edmonton Oil Kings are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2007.
They play their home games in Edmonton, Alberta at the Rexall Place.
2007 establishments in Canada
The Lethbridge Hurricanes are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1987.
They play their home games in Lethbridge, Alberta at the ENMAX Centre.
The team was known as the Winnipeg Jets from 1967–73, the Winnipeg Clubs from 1973–76, the Winnipeg Monarchs from 1976–77 and the Calgary Wranglers from 1977–87.
They have won 1 Ed Chynoweth Cup in the 1996-97 season.
1987 establishments in Canada
"Chocolate Rain" is a song and music video by Tay Zonday.
After being posted on YouTube on April 22, 2007, the song quickly became popular.
The song and video are licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-nd license.
Even though this license is not completely free, it has been suggested that the relative openness of the license has helped to encourage the song's spread.
Creative Commons has praised Tay Zonday specifically for this very reason.
Zonday has expressed his own thoughts on the licensing situation on his Myspace blog, stating, "I want non-profit radio and small mom/pop cafes to be able to play my music for free.
But I also want giant corporations who can afford to give me a dime or two to pay fair royalties."
Tay Zonday's Personal Website
CTV Stations
1961-1966 This is CTV
1966-1967 The Colour Network
1967-1974 It's Happening on CTV
1968-1969 Pleasure Isle (TV promos only)
1974-1985 For Those Who Want It All
1985-1987 CTV Entertains You
1987-1988 You'll See it All on CTV
1988-1989 The Choice of Canadians
1989-1990 Watch Yourself on CTV
1990-1994 Tuned In To You
1994-1997 This Is CTV
1997-2005 Canadian Television
2003-2005 Canada's Watching (alternate slogan)
2005-2009 Canada's #1 Network
Since the 2007 acquisition of A Channel by CTVglobemedia as part of the takeover of CHUM Limited, media analysts had speculated that CTV may potentially extend its market-leading CTV brand to that network.
It was first rebranded as A in 2008, then as CTV Two on August 29, 2011.
1961 establishments in Canada
The Kootenay Ice are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1998.
They play their home games in Cranbrook, British Columbia at the Cranbrook Recreational Complex.
The team was originally known as the Edmonton Ice from 1996 to 1998 before it moved to Cranbrook in 1998.
The team has won 3 Ed Chynoweth Cups in the 1999-00, 2001-02 and 2010-11 seasons.
The Medicine Hat Tigers are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1970.
They play their home games in Medicine Hat, Alberta at the Medicine Hat Arena.
The Tigers have won two national Memorial Cups, five WHL League Championships and seven Division Titles.
The Red Deer Rebels are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1992.
They play their home games in Red Deer, Alberta at the ENMAX Centrium.
The Tigers have won one Memorial Cup, one WHL League Championships, three Division Titles and two regular season titles.
Red Deer is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta.
The population of Red Deer was 90,564 in 2011.
The mayor of Red Deer is Morris Flewwelling.
A dungeon is a room or cell in a castle to keep prisoners.
Most dungeons are underground, some are high up in towers.
The Daughter of the Regiment () is a comic opera in two acts.
The French libretto was written by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges and Jean-François Bayard.
The music was composed by Gaetano Donizetti.
The opera is famous for the tenor aria "Ah!
mes amis, quel jour de fête!"
It features nine high Cs.
The opera was first performed on 11 February 1840 by the Paris Opéra-Comique at the Salle de la Bourse.
It was performed at the Metropolitan Opera in 1902/03.
The role of Marie was a favorite with Jenny Lind.
Marie, a vivandière - coloratura soprano
Tonio, a young Tyrolean - tenor
Sergeant Sulpice - bass
Marquise of Birkenfeld - contralto
Hortensius, a butler - bass
Corporal - bass
Peasant - tenor
Duchess of Krakenthorp - spoken role
Notary - spoken role
French soldiers, Tyroleans, servants of the Duchess
The Marquise of Berkenfeld and her butler, Hortensius, are on their way to Austria.
They pause in their journey because a skirmish has broken out.
The Marquise learns that the French troops have retreated.
She comments on the rude manners of the French people ("Pour une femme de mon nom").
The sergeant of the 21st regiment, Sulpice, assures everyone that his men will restore peace and order.
He is joined by Marie, the "daughter" of the regiment.
She is an orphan and was adopted by the soldiers.
Sulpice questions her about a young man she has been seen with.
She explains that he is Tonio, a Tyrolean who once saved her life.
Troops of the 21st arrive with a prisoner.
It is Tonio.
He has been looking for Marie.
She steps in to save him.
He toasts his new friends, and Marie sings the regimental song ("Chacun le sait").
Tonio is ordered to follow the soldiers.
He escapes and returns to declare his love to Marie.
Sulpice surprises them.
Marie must admit to Tonio that she can marry only a soldier of the 21st.
The Marquise asks Sulpice for an escort to her castle.
When Sulpice hears the name Berkenfeld, he remembers a letter he found near the young Marie on the battlefield.
The Marquise soon admits that she knew the girl's father.
She says that Marie is the long-lost daughter of her sister.
The child had been left in the care of the Marquise, but was lost.
She is shocked by the girl's rough manners.
She decides to take her niece to her castle and give her a proper education.
Tonio has enlisted so that he can marry Marie ("Ah, mes amis").
But Marie has to leave both her regiment and the man she loves ("Il faut partir").
The Marquise has arranged a marriage between Marie and the Duke of Krakenthorp.
At the Marquise's castle, Sulpice is recovering from an injury.
He is supposed to be helping the Marquise with her plans.
The Marquise gives Marie a singing lesson.
Marie slips in phrases of the regimental song with Sulpice's encouragemment.
The Marquise loses her temper (Trio: "Le jour naissait dans la bocage").
Marie is left alone.
She thinks money and position are meaningless ("Par le rang et l'opulence").
She hears soldiers marching in the distance.
She is delighted when the whole regiment files into the room.
She leads them in singing a patriotic tribute ("Salut à la France").
Marie is reunited with Tonio.
Tonio asks for Marie's hand in marriage.
The Marquise is unmoved by the young man's declaration that Marie is his whole life ("Pour me rapprocher de Marie").
She says her niece is engaged to another man.
She dismisses Tonio.
The Marquise and Sulpice are left alon.
She confesses the truth: Marie is her illegitimate daughter.
She abandoned Marie long ago, fearing social disgrace.
Hortensius announces the arrival of the wedding party.
It is led by the groom's mother, the Duchess of Krakenthorp.
Marie refuses to leave her room.
Sulpice tells her that the Marquise is her mother.
The surprised girl says she cannot go against her mother's wishes.
She agrees to marry a man that she does not love.
She is about to sign the marriage contract when the soldiers of the 21st, led by Tonio, storm in to rescue their "daughter".
The guests are horrified to learn that Marie was a canteen girl.
They change their opinion when she tells them that she can never repay the debt she owes the soldiers.
The Marquise is so moved by her daughter's goodness of heart that she gives her permission to marry Tonio.
Everyone joins in a final "Salut à la France".
, June Anderson, Opéra-Comique, 1985
Public domain score from archive.org (Italian and English)
Atypical depression is a subtype of major depression and dysthymia, sharing certain symptoms for both, though it is also marked with mood reactivity (having improved moods during positive events).
Atypical depression is also associated with too much sleeping and excessive eating.
Salvatore Cammarano (also Salvadore) (19 March 1801 – 17 July 1852) was an Italian librettist and playwright.
He is probably best known for writing the text of Lucia di Lammermoor (1835) for Gaetano Donizetti.
He was born and died in Naples.
For Donizetti he also wrote L'assedio di Calais (1836), Belisario (1836), Pia de' Tolomei (1837), Roberto Devereux (1837), Maria de Rudenz (1838), Poliuto (1838), and Maria di Rohan (1843).
For Giuseppe Persiani he wrote Ines de Castro.
For Verdi he wrote Alzira (1845), La battaglia di Legnano (1849) and Luisa Miller (1849).
He had almost finished his libretto for Il trovatore (1853) when he died in July 1852.
It was completed by Leone Emanuele Bardare.
Cammarano started a libretto for William Shakespeare's King Lear, named Re Lear.
He died before completing it.
A scenario survives.
Black, John, The Italian Romantic Libretto: A Study of Salvadore Cammarano, Edinburgh University Press, 1984
Opera at Stanford University
Writers from Campania
Tuenti works in Spain as a full virtual mobile operator (MVNO) using Telefónica's mobile network.
Tuenti was launched by Telefónica in Latin-America in 2014 as a whole new brand.
Vergara stars on the ABC series Modern Family as "Gloria Delgado-Pritchett", for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Comedy Actress.
Her first big English role was 2002 film Big Trouble.
Colombian entertainers
Colombian movie actors
Colombian television actors
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) people in Israel are considered to have more rights than anywhere else in the Middle East.
In November 2005, a groundbreaking (which has not happened before) court decision in Israel ruled that a lesbian spouse could officially adopt a child born to her current partner by artificial insemination from an anonymous sperm donor; this ruling came despite protests by the minority Orthodox Jewish parliamentary parties.
Common law marriage, which grants most of the official marriage rights to the spouse has been achieved, but full official same-sex marriage has not yet been sanctioned.
However, same-sex marriages performed elsewhere are recognized.
No restriction if last MSM activity was before 1977.
Pruchnik is a town in the east of Poland.
It is in Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship about 17 kilometres from the town of Jarosław.
In the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories, there are no laws that specifically protect LGBT people.
No laws protect LGBT people from discrimination (not being treated equally because they are LGBT) or harassment.