the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In the process, IP chooses which wires and "intersections" get used to send all the data pieces in the fastest way.
It does this using packets.
If there are a lot of people using the network, it can get overloaded.
Also sometimes weather, power outages, and other problems can make communication hard.
Routers on the Internet use something called load balancing to try to fix some of these problems.
But still, information can be delivered out of order, get lost, or even duplicated.
TCP is designed to notice all of these problems and try to fix them.
This can take a while, which is why the Internet sometimes seems slow.
Once the TCP receiver has finally reassembled a perfect copy of the data originally transmitted, it passes that data to the computer program that asked for it.
In this way, the program does not have to know about the network, and TCP does not have to know about the program's data.
W. Richard Stevens.
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols.
W. Richard Stevens and Gary R. Wright.
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The Implementation.
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3: TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP, and the UNIX Domain Protocols.
Dissertation about TCP improvements in wired and wireless networks  (Dissertation)
IANA Port Assignments
John Kristoff's Overview of TCP (Fundamental concepts behind TCP and how it is used to transport data between two endpoints)
RFC 675 - Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program, December 1974 Version
RFC 793 - TCP v4
RFC 1122 - includes some error corrections for TCP
RFC 1323 - TCP-Extensions
RFC 1379 - Extending TCP for Transactions—Concepts
RFC 1948 - Defending Against Sequence Number Attacks
RFC 2018 - TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options
RFC 2581 - TCP Congestion Control
RFC 2988 - Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer
RFC 4614 - A Roadmap for TCP Specification Documents
TCP EFSM diagram - A detailed description of TCP states.
The basics of Transmission Control Protocol
The Law of Leaky Abstractions by Joel Spolsky
Checksum example
A monologue is a long, uninterrupted speech or poem by one person.
The person may be speaking his or her thoughts aloud or directly addressing other persons, e.g. an audience, a character, reader, or inanimate object.
Some rants are used not to attack something, but to defend an individual, idea or organization.
Rants of this type generally occur after the subject has been attacked by another individual or group.
Rants are used often in situations requiring monologue.
Comedians, such as Lewis Black, Adam Carolla, and Rick Mercer, use rants as a way to get their message or punch-line across to the listening audience.
Stanley Ann Dunham (November 29, 1942 – November 7, 1995), the mother of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was an American anthropologist.
She was later known as, Ann Dunham, Ann Obama, Ann Soetoro, Ann Sutoro (after her second divorce) and finally as Ann Dunham.
Dunham spent her childhood in California, Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas.
Dunham spent her teenage years in Mercer Island, Washington.
Much of her adult life was spent in Hawaii.
Dunham was born in Ascension Via Christi Hospital St. Francis in Wichita, Kansas.
She is the only child of Madelyn Lee Payne and Stanley Armour Dunham.
She was mostly of English ancestry, with some German, Swiss, Scottish, Irish, and Welsh ancestry.
Wild Bill Hickok is her sixth cousin, five times removed.
In 1995 in Hawaii, she died of uterine cancer which spread to her ovaries.
Following a memorial service at the University of Hawaii, Obama and his sister spread their mother's ashes in the Pacific Ocean at Lanai Lookout on the south side of Oahu.
Obama scattered the ashes of his grandmother (Madelyn Dunham) in the same spot on December 23, 2008, weeks after his election to the presidency.
Obama talked about Dunham's death in a 30-second campaign advertisement ("Mother") arguing for health care reform.
The ad featured a photograph of Dunham holding a young Obama in her arms as Obama talks about her last days worrying about expensive medical bills.
The topic also came up in a 2007 speech in Santa Barbara:
I remember my mother.
She was 52 years old when she died of ovarian cancer, and you know what she was thinking about in the last months of her life?
She wasn't thinking about getting well.
She wasn't thinking about coming to terms with her own mortality.
She had been diagnosed just as she was transitioning between jobs.
And she wasn't sure whether insurance was going to cover the medical expenses because they might consider this a preexisting condition.
I remember just being heartbroken, seeing her struggle through the paperwork and the medical bills and the insurance forms.
So, I have seen what it's like when somebody you love is suffering because of a broken health care system.
And it's wrong.
It's not who we are as a people.
Deaths from uterine cancer
Scientists from Wichita, Kansas
Scientists from Washington
The Canadian Albums Chart is the official album sales chart in Canada.
It is compiled every Wednesday by U.S.-based music sales tracking company Nielsen Soundscan, and published every Thursday by Jam!
Canoe, along with its sister charts the Canadian Singles Chart and the Canadian BDS Airplay Chart.
The chart has 200 positions, however, Jam!
only publishes the top 100 for the public.
Unlike the case with its CD single equivalent (the Canadian Singles Chart), album sales are not declining as rapidly in Canada as CD singles are, and the Canadian Albums Chart remains the most reliable source for the most popular albums in Canada.
Nielsen Soundscan
Top 100 Albums In Canada
Wendy's is an American international fast food restaurant chain.
It was founded by Dave Thomas on November 15, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio.
The company moved its headquarters to Dublin, Ohio, on January 29, 2006.
(since 1976)
(since 1969)
(since 1990; acquired by Trans Corp as of 2013)
(since 1980; closed 2009–2011)
(since 1982)
Former locations
(Operated in 1980s)
(2005–2015)
(1989–2002)
(1982–1986, 1992-2000)
(1994–2002)
(operated for a few years from 1987)
(2008–2019)
(1984–1998)
(1980–2000), known from the 90s as Welcome.
(1980–1986, then again 1992–2000)
Wendy's menu is mostly hamburgers, chicken sandwiches, French fries and beverages.
For dessert, they serve Frostys, which are similar to Dairy Queen's "Blizzards".
Key Dates
1969: Wendy's founded
1970: Opens first commercial drive-thru
1979: Introduces salad bar
1984: Where's the Beef?
slogan debuts
1986: Near failure of 1/5 of Wendy's stores
1989: Super Value Menu debuts
1995: Acquires Tim Hortons
2002: Dave Thomas dies
2006: Wendy's divested itself of Tim Hortons
2007: Original Wendy's Restaurant closes
2008: Announces merger with Triarc
Slogans
US - Canada
1970 - present: Quality Is Our Recipe (This Slogan is still shown on the Wendy's logo today.)
1978 - 1979: Juicy hamburgers
1979 - 1980: Hot-N-Juicy
1980 - 1981: Wendy's Has the Taste You Crave
1981 - 1982: Ain't No Reason to Go Anyplace Else
1982 - 1983: You're Wendy's Kind of People
1983 - 1984: Parts is parts
1984 - 1986: Where's the beef?
1986 - 1987: Choose Fresh, choose Wendy's
1987 - 1993: Give a little nibble
1989 - 1998: The best burgers and a whole lot more (also was printed inside the hamburger wrappers during the 1990s)
1997 - Present: You can eat great, even late
2001 - 2005: It's hamburger bliss.
2002 - 2005: It's better here
2003 - 2007: It's Always Great, Even Late. (
2005 - 2007: Do what tastes right. (
primary slogan)
2005 - Present: It's good to be square.
January 2007 - October 2007: That's right.
January 2007 - October 2007: Uh Huh.
2007 - 2008: Hot Juicy Burgers
February 2008: It's waaay better than fast food... It's Wendy's. (
US)
February 2008: It's waaaaaaaaaay delicious.
It's Wendy's. (
Present: You know when it's real
1983: It's the best time for...Wendy's (Philippines)
2000 (approx) - Present: We don't cut corners (New Zealand)
2000 (approx) - Present: Wendy's cuadra contigo (Wendy's fits with you).
The word cuadra (fit) is a reference to the word cuadro that means square (Venezuela)
2001 (approx) - Present: El Sabor de lo Recien Hecho (The Flavor of the Freshly Made) (Honduras)
2007 (approx) - Present: Wendy's es Sensacional (Wendy's is Sensational) (El Salvador)
2008 - Present: It's not just fast food; it's fresh food, made fast  (Malaysia)
2008 - Present: Old Fashion Hamburgers (Dominican Republic)
The megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) is a large, slow-swimming, timid shark that was only discovered in 1976.
It grows to 5.5 metres long.
The megamouth is found in the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans.
The megamouth shark has a sturdy body, and a fat, round and long head.
The snout is very short and wide.
The gill slits are quite long but can not reach the dorsal surface of the head.
The mouth is wide, with the corners extending behind the eyes.
The first dorsal fin is located more closely to the pectoral fins than to the pelvic fin, and the second dorsal fin is less than half the size of the first dorsal fin.
Both dorsal fins are low.
The pectoral fins of the adults are shorter than the head in length.
The dorsal surface of the body, the pectoral and pelvic fins, the dorsal fins, the center of the anal fin, and the caudal fin are blackish-brown.
The shark has around fifty rows of very small teeth on each jaw, but only three rows are usable.
Females seem to have fewer teeth rows than males.
The upper and lower jaws have a symphyseal (where the two halves of the jaw meet) toothless space, but it is larger in the upper jaw.
A difference between the upper and lower teeth was recognized on a female specimen: the first five upper teeth are smaller than the first five lower teeth.
The maximum length reported for the Megamouth shark is 5.5 metres (18 feet).
Males mature when they are 4 metres (13 feet) long, and females mature when the are 5 metres (16 feet) long.
Although there has only been a total of 53 confirmed sightings of the Megamouth shark, this species is now known to be found in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
As with the two other known filter-feeding sharks, the basking shark and the whale shark, this species has a widespread distribution.
However, the megamouth shark is less active, and a poorer swimmer than the basking shark and the whale shark.
Its slow movement is probably because of its fleshy body, soft fins, and asymmetrical tail.
The only confirmed register of a Megamouth shark predator is an event of when sperm whales where seen attacking a Megamouth shark.
This occurred in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (30th August 1998) near midday, while some researchers were observing the whales.
The base of the dorsal fin and the gills of the shark showed signs of the whales' attack.
Although there have only been a few sightings of the megamouth shark, it is believed that this species of shark likes to live in the open ocean.
The sixth specimen found was tagged and followed for two days, allowing insight into its habitat preference and behaviour.
It stayed at a depth of 15 metres during the night, then dove to 150 metres at dawn and returned to shallow waters at dusk.
So the megamouth is presumed to be a vertical migrator on a 24 hour cycle, spending the daytime in deep waters and ascending to midwater depths at night.
This vertical migration may be a response to the movements of the small animals on which it feeds.
The krill that make up part of the megamouth's diet also migrate from deep waters to the surface.
The megamouth shark is one of the three giant filter-feeding sharks in the sea.
The other two are the basking shark and the whale shark.
The exact details of the feeding behaviour of the megamouth shark is unknown, due to the few observations on a live, feeding specimen.
The megamouth has a huge mouth that extends behind the eyes.
Scientists believe that this shark swims slowly through groups of krill and other small prey with its mouth open, and sucks them in.
Then it closes its mouth, and this action decreases the pharyngeal volume and makes it possible for the shark to get rid of any water through the gill openings.
All the specimens of the megamouth shark which have been studied have had krill in their stomach, indicating a filter-feeding habit.
The stomach of the first megamouth captured had only one type of krill, Thysanopoda pectinata.
The second megamouth's stomach had krill, copepods, and the jellyfish, Atolla vanhoeffeni.
Several toothpaste brands specialize in caring for teeth sensitive to certain conditions (for example heat, cold) or flavours (such as sweetness).
The majority of these products work by strengthening the tooth enamel, thus easing discomfort and providing the teeth with a protective outer layer.
Traditionally, toothpaste has a minty flavour, as this is said to allow a sense of freshness in the mouth.
However, fruit and flavours have been popular in the past.
Fruit toothpastes, however, are discouraged by dentists due to their acidic and tooth-eroding properties.
Swallowing big amounts of toothpaste can make humans very sick and is poisonous.
Due to this, the FDA started making toothpaste companies to put a notice about swallowing from 1997 to present.
Karl Goldmark (born Keszthely, Hungary, 18 May 1830; died Vienna 2 January 1915) was a Hungarian composer.
His music was largely forgotten for a long time after his death, but is now starting to be played much more.
Goldmark came from a large Jewish family.
He was one of 20 children.
His father was a chazan to the Jewish congregation at Keszthely.
He learned to play the violin and was sent to Vienna to study music.
After the Revolution of 1848 the Conservatory had to close down and so he had to teach himself how to compose.
He earned money by playing the violin in theatre orchestras and by teaching music.
For a short time one of his pupils was Jean Sibelius.
Wagner's music was an influence on his compositional style.
However, he could not form a proper friendship with Wagner because of Wagner's antisemitism.
Goldmark composed six operas, including Die Königin von Saba ("The Queen of Sheba").
It was very popular during his lifetime and continued to be performed by the Vienna State Opera until 1938.
1 was also very popular indeed, then it lay forgotten for many years.
It is very Romantic and sounds very Hungarian.
Other works include a symphony called Ländliche Hochzeit (Rustic Wedding) and several other orchestral works, some chamber music and choral music.
Vulpecula is a northern constellation (group of stars).
People say that it looks like a fox.
It is not very bright.
None of the stars in Vulpecula are brighter than the 4th magnitude in Vulpecula.
It is in the middle of the Summer Triangle, three stars that make the shape of a triangle in the sky.
Ferruccio Busoni was born in Empoli in Tuscany in Italy.
His father played the clarinet and his mother played the piano.
They were often touring when Ferruccio was young.
He spent most of his childhood in Trieste.
Busoni was a child prodigy.
He first played the piano in public at the age of seven.
Two years later he played some of his own compositions in Vienna.
The composer Franz Liszt heard him.
He also met Liszt, Johannes Brahms and Anton Rubinstein.
For a short time he studied in Graz, then in Leipzig.
He taught in several places including Helsinki, where he met Jean Sibelius as well as a young lady was to be his wife.
In 1890 he won the Anton Rubinstein Competition with his Concert Piece for Piano and Orchestra.
He taught in Moscow in 1890, and in the United States from 1891 to 1894 where he also toured as a virtuoso pianist.
In 1894 he went to Berlin where he stayed.
He performed as a pianist and conductor and taught many gifted pianists.
He wrote a book called Sketch of a New Aesthetic of Music.
He did not agree with the strict rules that were used by most teachers for teaching composition.
He thought that music was "born to be free".
His thinking influenced his composition pupils who included Percy Grainger, Kurt Weill and Edgard Varèse.
During World War I, Busoni lived first in Bologna, where he was director of the conservatory, and later in Zürich.
He refused to perform in any countries that were involved in the war.
He returned to Berlin in 1920 where he gave master classes in composition.
Busoni's music is based on the Romantic style, but it also starts to sound quite modern.
He uses a lot of complicated counterpoint.
Sometimes it is quite atonal.
A lot of it is based on music of the past.
He made many transcriptions, including piano transcriptions of several works by Johann Sebastian Bach.
Busoni was a virtuoso pianist, and his works for piano are difficult to perform.
His Piano Concerto is extremely hard to play as well as being extremely long (about 70 minutes).
The British pianist John Ogdon, who played it, called it "the longest and grandest piano concerto of all".
Some of his best known works include his suite for orchestra Turandot which he made into an opera, and his opera Doktor Faust which he had not finished when he died.
It was finished by his student Philipp Jarnach, but in the 1980s Anthony Beaumont made a better version of it.
Busoni made a number of piano rolls, and a small number of these have been re-recorded onto CD.
People who knew him disagree about whether these piano roll recordings show his playing at his best.
Deaths from kidney disease
Disease-related deaths in Berlin
Musicians from Tuscany
Italian pianists
In biology, an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.
Each does a particular job in the body, and is made up of certain tissues.
Organs and their tissue systems
These specific systems are widely studied in anatomy.
They are present in many types of animals.
Circulatory system: pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood and blood vessels.
Integumentary system: skin, hair, fat, and nails.
Skeletal system: structural support and protection with bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons.
Reproductive system: the sex organs, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate
Digestive system: digestion and processing food with salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, rectum and anus.
Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra involved in fluid balance, electrolyte balance and excretion of urine.
Respiratory system: the organs used for breathing, the pharynx, larynx, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm.
Endocrine system: communication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands.
Immune system: protects the organism from foreign bodies
Lymphatic system: the transfer of lymph between tissues and the blood stream; includes the lymph and the nodes and vessels.
The system includes the functions of immune responses and the development of antibodies.
Muscular system: allows for manipulation of the environment, provides locomotion, maintains posture, and produces heat.
Includes skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscle.
Nervous system: collecting, transferring and processing information with brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.
BBC Radio 4 Extra is a British digital radio station.
It plays comedy, drama, and children's programmes 24 hours a day.
It was called BBC 7 when it started in 2002 and was later renamed BBC Radio 7 in 2008.
The shows on Radio 4 Extra are mostly old programmes which were once on BBC Radio 4, although they have made some new programmes.
It can be heard on digital (DAB) digital radios and also on the Internet.
(old website)
4 extra
Chinese herbs do not grow in China only.
If you find the right climate and soil type, you can grow many of those herbs overseas.
For instance, American Ginseng is grown in Wisconsin State.
Part of a plant: root, leave, seed, flowers, branch, etc.
Unprocessed except being cut, sliced, and cleansed of dirt.
Dried because the dried form weighs less and can be stored longer.
Some herbs can be eaten after boiling because they turn soft.
Most herbs cannot be eaten for they remain very coarse after boiling.
Herbs in general do not taste good.
Most taste bitter and earthly.
Some taste neutral.
A few taste even sweet.
Inexpensive except for a few like Ren Shen 人參, Chuan Bei Mu 川貝母, or Dong Chong Xia Cao 冬虫夏草.
How do people take the raw herbs?
Raw herbs are usually taken orally by extracting the essence out of them.
The natural way being practiced since ancient time is to boil and brew the herbal package in water to get a dark brown solution called herb tea that never tastes good.
One hour of brewing should be good enough.
Then you drink one or two cups a day.
Honey or sugar may be added to make it taste less bad.
The herbal package can be conveniently modified by changing some ingredients to make it work for you.
So an herbal package is really tailor-made for you only.
Tablet form
Capsule form
Raw herbs can be made into capsules at home.
All you need is a tailor-made package of raw herbs.
Turn it into fine powder with a powerful grinder, and put the powder into empty gel capsules.
When you swallow the capsules, your digestive system has to extract the essence out of the raw herb powder.
Whereas if you drink the herb tea, the essence extraction is already done after brewing.
The herbal solution will readily be absorbed by your body.
Furthermore, the herb tea has a history spanning over two thousand years.
How many years of history does the tablet or capsule have besides offering convenience?
Healing properties
Herbs have natural healing effects on organs, blood, and various unhealthy conditions.
In contrast to Western pharmaceuticals, which are mainly designed to fix or suppress certain health conditions, herbs have additional enhancing and strengthening values on the body.
Due to their strengthening and enhancing values, herbs can also be used for preventive measures.
The herbal effects are natural and mild, with little adverse side effects.
Each herb has multiple effects on the body, in addition to one major effect.
Herbs do not work singly because the effects of one herb are too gentle.
The effects of herbs rely on synergies because of their overlapping multiple effects.
Therefore, an herbal package of different herbs put together can deliver a much greater effect than a single herb of equal weight.
How to create synergy for an herbal package is an essential knowledge and experience that distinguish a good herbalist from a mediocre one.
Usage of some Chinese herbs
ren shen	人参	radix Ginseng
dang shen	党参	radix Codonopsis
bai zhu	白朮     	rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
gan cao	甘草	radix Glycyrrhizae
shan yao	山药	rhizoma Dioscoreae
da jao	大枣	fructus Jujubae
lu rong	 鹿茸	cornu Cervi Pantotrichum
rou cong rong	肉蓯蓉	herba Cistanches
yin yang huo	淫羊霍	herba Epimedii
du zhong	杜仲	cortex Eucommiae
xu duan	 续断	radix Dipsaci
gou ji	狗 脊	fructus Psoraleae
bu gu zhi	补骨脂   	rhizoma Cibotii
dong chong xia cao	冬虫夏草	Cordyceps
yi zhi ren	益智仁	fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae
ge jie	 蛤蚧	Gecko
dang gui	当归    	radix Angelicae Sinensis
hu tao rou	胡桃肉	semen Juglandis
shu di huang	熟地黄	radix Rehmanniae Preparata
he shou wu	何首乌   	radix Polgoni Multiflori
e jiao	阿胶	Colla Corii Asini
nan sha shen	南沙参	radix adenophorae
bei sha shen	北沙参	radix Glehniae
tian men dong	天门冬	radix Asparagi
mai men dong	麦门冬	radix Ophiopogonis
shi hu	石斛	herba Dendrobii
huang jing	黄精	rhizoma Polgonati
yu zhu	玉竹	rhizoma Polgonati Odorati
shan zhu yu	山茱萸	fructus Corni
gou qi zi	枸杞子	fructus Lycii
nu zhen zi	女贞子	fructus Ligustri Lucidi
mo han lian	旱莲草     	herba Ecliptae
bie jia	鱉甲 	carapax Trionycis
gui ban	龟板	plastrum Testudinis
wu wei zi	五味子	fructus Schisandrae
wu mei	乌梅	fructus Mume
wu bei zi	五倍子	galla Chinensis
fu xiao mai	浮小麦	fructus Tritici Levis
he zi	訶子	fructus Chebulae
shi liu pi	石榴皮	pericarpium Granati
rou dou kou	肉荳蔻   	semen Myristicae
lian zi	 莲子	semen Nelumbinis
qian shi	芡实	semen Euryales
sang piao xiao	桑螵蛸	ootheca Mantidis
wu zei gu	乌贼骨	os Sepiae
bin lang	檳榔	semen Arecae
zi wan	紫菀	radix Asteris
bai bu	百部	radix Stemonae
kuan dong hua	款冬花	flos Farfarae
sang bai pi	桑白皮	cortex Mori Radicis
ma dou ling	马兜铃	fructus Aristolochiae
ting li zi	葶靂子	semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae
(D) Regulate Blood:  Stop Bleeding
san qi (tianqi)	三七	radix Notoginseng
qian cao	茜草	radix Rubiae
(E) Regulate Blood:  Invigorate Blood
shui zhi	水蛭	Hirudo
chuan xiong	川芎	rhizoma Chuanxiong
ru xiang	乳香	Olibanum
mo yao	没药	Myrrha
yu jin	鬱金	radix Curcumae
e zhu	莪朮	rhizoma Zedoariae
dan shen	丹参	radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
ban xia	半夏	rhizoma Pinelliae
tian nan xing	天南星	rhizoma Arisaematis
bai jie zi	白芥子	semen Sinapis Albae
xuan fu hua	旋覆花	flos Inulae
fo shou	佛手	fructus Citri Sarcodactylis
mu xiang	木香	radix Aucklandiae
wu yao	乌药	radix Linderae
xiang fu	香附	rhizoma Cyperi
ju pi (chen pi)	陈皮	pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
ju hong	橘红	exocarpium Citri Rubrum
qing pi	青皮	pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride
zhi ke	枳壳	fructus Aurantii
zhi shi	枳实	fructus Aurantii Immaturus
chen xiang	沉香	lignum Aquilariae Resinatum
chuan lian zhi	川楝子	fructus Toosendan
yan hu suo	延胡索	rhizoma Corydalis
xie bai	薤白	bulbus Allii Macrostemi
shan zhu yu	山茱萸	fructus Crataegi
mai ya	 麦芽	fructus Hordei germinatus
gu ya	穀芽	fructus Oryzae germinatus
lai fu zi	莱菔子	semen Raphani
ji nei jin	鸡内金	endothelium corneum Gigeriae galli
shen qu	   神麴   massa Fermentata Medicinalis
du huo	        獨活	radix Angelicae Pubescentis
wei ling xian	威靈仙	radix Clematidis
fang ji 	防己 	radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae
qin jiao	秦艽	radix Gentianae Macrophyllae
mu gua	番木瓜	fructus Chaenomelis
sang ji sheng	桑寄生	ramulus Taxilli
wu jia pi	五加皮	cortex Acanthopanacis
bai hua she	白花蛇	Agkistrodon seu Bungarus
hu gu	虎骨	os Tigris
wu shao she	烏梢蛇	Zaocys
cang zhu	蒼朮  	rhizoma Atractylodis
hou po	厚樸	cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
huo xiang	藿香	herba Agastaches
pei lan	佩蘭	herba Eupatorii
sha ren	砂仁	fructus Amomi
bai dou kou	白豆蔻   	fructus Amomi Rotundus
cao guo	草果	fructus Tsaoko
su geng	        苏梗	caulis Perillae
zi su ye	苏叶	folium Perillae
xiang ru	香薷	herba Elsholtziae
jing jie	荆芥	herba Schizonepetae
fan feng	防风	radix Ledebouriellae
jiang huo	薑活	radix Angelicae Dahuricae
bai zhi	        白芷	rhizoma seu radix Notopterygli
cang er zi	苍耳子	fructus Xanthii
xin yi	辛荑花	flos Magnoliae
bo he	薄荷	herba Menthae
niu bang zi	牛蒡子	fructus Arctii
can tui	蝉蜕 	periostracum Cicadae
dan dou chi	淡豆豉 	semen Sojae preparatum
ju hua	菊花	flos Chrysanthemi
ge gen	葛根	radix Puerariae
chai hu	柴胡	radix Bupleuri
sheng ma	升麻	rhizoma Cimicifugae
ma huang	麻黄 	radix Ephedrae
gui zhi	        桂枝	ramulus Cinnamomi
(K) Regulate BloodL  Stop Bleeding
zhu ma gen	苧麻根	radix Boehmeriae
bai mao gen	白茅根   	rhizoma Imperatae
ce bai ye	侧柏叶	cacumen Biotae
huai hua	槐花	flos Sophorae
da ji	大蓟	herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici
xiao ji	小蓟     	herba Cephalanoploris
di yu	地榆	radix Sanguisorbae
xian he cao	仙鹤草	herba Agrimoniae
bai jiang	(败酱草)	rhizoma Bletillae
ai ye	艾叶	folium Artemisiae Argyi
pu huang	蒲黄	pollen Typhae
fu ling 	茯苓	Poria
zhu ling	豬苓	Polyporus Umbellatus
ze xie	        澤瀉	rhizoma Alismatis
yi yi ren	薏苡仁	semen Coicis
che qian zi	车前子	semen Plantaginis
hua shi	滑石	Talcum
mu tong	木通	caulis Akebiae
jin qian cao	金钱草	herba Lysimachiae
tong cao	通草	medulla Tetrapanacis
shi wei	石苇	folium Pyrrosiae
yin chen hao	茵陈蒿     	herba Artemisiae Scopariae
bi xie	萆薢	rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae
shi gao	        石膏	gypsum Fibrosum
zhi mu	        知母	rhizoma Anemarrhenae
tian hua fen	天花粉	radix Trichosanthis
lu gen	芦根	rhizoma Phragmitis
huang lian	黄莲	rhizoma Coptidis
huang qin	黄芩	radix Scutellariae
huang bai	黄柏 	cortex Phellodendri
zhi zi	梔子     	fructus Gardeniae
long dan cao	龙胆草    	radix Gentianae
xia ku cao	夏枯草	spica Prunellae
ku shen	苦参	radix Sophorae Flavescentis
jue ming zi	决明子   	semen Cassiae
jin yin hua	金银花	flos Lonicerae
ren dong teng	忍冬藤	caulis Lonicerae
lian qiao	连翘	fructus Forsythiae
pu gong ying	蒲公英	herba Taraxaci
zi hua di ding	紫花地丁	herba Violae
da qing ye	大青叶   	folium Isatidis
qing dai	青黛	indigo Naturalis
ban lan gen	板蓝根	radix Isatidis
chuan xin lian	穿心莲	herba Andrographitis
yu xing cao	鱼腥草	herba Houttuyniae
shan dou gen	山豆根	radix Sophorae Tonkinensis
she gan	射干	rhizoma Belamcandae
ma chi xian	马齿莧	herba Portulacae
bai tou weng	白头翁	radix Pulsatillae
hong teng	红藤	caulis Sargentodoxae
qin pi	秦皮	cortex Fraxini
shui niu jiao	水牛角	cornu Bubali
sheng di huang	生地黄	radix Rehmanniae
xuan shen	玄参	radix Scrophulariae
xi jiao	        西角	cornu Rhinocerotis
bai jiang	败酱草	herba Patriniae
mu dan pi	牡丹皮	cortex Moutan Radicis
chi shao	赤芍	radix Paeoniae Rubra
zi cao	紫草	radix arnebiae seu lithospermi
qing hao	青蒿	herba Artemisiae Annuae
bai wei	  白薇	radix cynanchi Atrati
di gu pi	地骨皮	cortex Lycii Radicis
yin chai hu	銀柴胡	radix Stellariae
da huang	大黃	radix et rhizoma Rhei
mang xiao	芒硝	natrii Sulfas
fan xie ye	番瀉葉	folium Sennae
da ma ren	大麻仁	fructus Cannabis
gan sui	     甘遂	radix Kansui
yu li ren	郁李仁	semen Pruni
da ji	大戟	radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis
yuan hua	芫花	flos Genkwa
qian niu zi	牽牛子	semen Pharbitidis
rou gui	        肉桂     	cortex Cinnamomi
wu zhu yu	吴茱萸	fructus Evodiae
xi xin	        细辛	herba Asari
hua jiao	花椒	pericarpium Zanthoxyli
ding xiang	丁香	flos Caryophylli
gao liang jiang	高莨姜   	rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum
xiao hui xiang	小茴香	fructus Foeniculi
fu zi	地肤子 	radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata
chuan wu tou	川乌头	radix Aconiti
cao wu tou	草乌头	radix Aconiti Kusnezoffiae
wu tou	乌头	radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata
gan jiang	乾薑	rhizoma Zingiberis
shi jun zi	使君子	fructus Quisqualis
da fu pi	大腹皮	pericarpium Arecae
lei wan	        雷丸	Omphalia
ku lian pi	苦莲皮	cortex Meliae
nan gua zi	南瓜子	semen Cucurbitae
he cao ya	鹤草牙 	gemma Agrimoniae
he shi		fructus Carpesii
guan zhong	贯眾（贯仲）	rhizoma Dryopteris Crassirhizomae
fei zi	榧子	semen Torreyae
long gu	     龙骨	os Draconis
suan zao ren	酸枣仁   	semen Ziziphi Spinosae
yuan zhi	远志	radix Polygalae
bai zi ren	柏子仁	semen Biotae
mu li	牡蠣	concha Ostreae
zhen zhu	珍珠	Magarita
zhen zhu mu	珍珠母	concha Margaritifera Usta
dai zhe shi	代赭石	Haematitum
ling yang jiao	铃羊角	cornu Saigae Tataricae
tian ma	天麻	rhizoma Gastrodiae
she xiang	麝香 	Moschus
niu huang	牛黄	calculus Bovis
Bing Pian	冰片	borneolum Syntheticum
su he xiang	苏合香	Storax
shi chang pu	石菖蒲	rhizoma Acori Graminei
(1)The terms used here reflect typical TCM usage (as translated literally from individual Chinese characters), and may not reflect their meanings in TCM, namely, meanings that are normative, figurative or metaphorical when read in context.
The meanings of these terms are therefore different from that in common English usage.
In particular, they are not to be used for purposes of self-diagnosis, much less for self-medication.
For example, "Xia Huo" means "To reduce fire", but "fire" here does not refer to combustion involving oxygen.
Even within TCM, there are various meanings of "fire", and it can refer to "real" or "false" fire.
The 3 herbs mentioned above cannot be used to reduce "false fire", or fires of yin deficiency in the zhang organs.
(2) An example of the non-literal use of transliterated characters is "long gu" which literally means "dragon bones".
This term cannot possible refer to Chinese dragons, since they do not exist.
However, one can easily buy "long gu" from any TCM herbal shop.
Another term that cannot be taken literally is "di long" which literally means "earth dragon".
(3) Although the above herbs are common in TCM prescriptions, they cannot be purchased if we refer only to their Latin names.
One likely reason is that TCM pharmacists rarely, if ever, use the Latin names of the herbs.
The Chinese names, or the transliterated names (pinyin) should be used instead.
For example, if we ask for "flos Lonicerae" we will almost certainly get a blank look.
However, if we ask for "Jin Yin Hua" or	金银花 we will connect immediately, even though the pharmacist may speak any of the large number of Chinese dialects (such as Cantonese, where the herb is known as "Kum Gen Fa", or Golden Silver Flower, in Hong Kong).
Wherever possible, use the written form (金银花) to avoid miscommunication and/or mis-pronunciation, since there is no dialect form of the written language.
(4) There are a large number of synonyms of the herb names, in both Chinese, English and Latin.
This makes it even more essential to use the written form of the Chinese names to ensure accuracy.
(5) Some herbs are prone to adulteration, substitution, or both.
For example, Ling Zhi Cao (Cordyceps) can be substituted with an inactive form of the herb.
If an extract is first made with water, the herb will be tasteless when dried and re-used/recycled.
On the other hand, the genuine Ling Zhi tastes bitter, but few consumers would know the difference, especially if the herb is mixed in a prescription and boiled together with other herbs.
The pharmacists themselves may not be aware, as some may trust their suppliers implicitly, and do not conduct regular testing.
(6) Animal-based "herbs" are prone to substitution or adulteration, including Xiong Dan (bear bile / gall bladder) which looks very much like Niu Dan (bovine bile /gall bladder) when the gall bladder is dried, although Niu Dan is far less bitter in taste.
Some are simply unavailable because they are banned in many countries.
These include tiger parts, such as Hu Gu (tiger bone) which is substituted by bobcat bone, and Chuan San Jia (scales of the pangolin) which has no animal-based substitute.
Niu Huang (bovine gallstone) is unavailable in many Western countries and Singapore because of its potential impact on pregnant women, although Niu Huang Pills with about 2% of Niu Huang are available in many Asian countries.
King's Peak is a mountain that can be found on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada.
It is near the Gold River in Strathcona Provincial Park.
List of mountains in Canada
Catalogue of Canadian Volcanoes
Béhasque-Lapiste is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in southwest France.
The following is a list of the 547 communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in France, by letter:
Pyrenees-Atlantiques
Aast on Google Maps
Aast on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN)  website
Aast on the INSEE website
Abidos, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Abitain is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Abos, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Abère is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Accous is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
In 2014 it had a population of 463 people.
Agnos is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Ahetze is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aincille is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Ainharp is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Ainhice-Mongelos is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Ainhoa, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aldudes is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Alos-Sibas-Abense is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Amendeuix-Oneix is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Amorots-Succos is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Ance is a former commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Ance Féas.
Former communes in Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Andoins is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Andrein is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Angaïs is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Anglet is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Basque Country.
Angous is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Anhaux () is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Anos is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in southwest France.
Anoye is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aramits is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, in southwestern France.
The people living in Aramits are called Aramitsiens or Aramitsiennes.
Arancou is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Araujuzon is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Araux is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arbonne is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arbouet-Sussaute is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arbus, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arbérats-Sillègue is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arcangues is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aren is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aressy is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arette is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arette on Lion1906
Arrete on the 1750 Cassini Map
Arette on the INSEE website
Argagnon is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Argelos, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arget is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arhansus is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Armendarits is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arnos is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arnéguy is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aroue-Ithorots-Olhaïby is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in southwestern France.
Arrast-Larrebieu is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
It is in the former province of Soule.
It is mostly agricultural.
Arraute-Charritte is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arricau-Bordes is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arrien is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arros-de-Nay is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arrosès is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arthez-d'Asson is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arthez-de-Béarn () is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Artigueloutan is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Artiguelouve is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Artix, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arudy is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Arzacq-Arraziguet is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Asasp-Arros is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Ascain is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Ascarat is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Assat is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Asson is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aste-Béon is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Astis is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Athos-Aspis is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aubertin is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aubin, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aubous is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Audaux is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Auga is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Auriac, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aurions-Idernes is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aussevielle is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aussurucq is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Auterrive is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aydie is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aydius is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Ayherre is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Aïcirits-Camou-Suhast is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Baigts-de-Béarn is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Balansun is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Baleix is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Baliracq-Maumusson is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Baliros is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Banca, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Barcus is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Bardos, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Barinque is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Barinque official website
Barraute-Camu is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Barzun, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bassillon-Vauzé is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bassussarry is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bastanès is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Baudreix is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bayonne (Gascon Baiona; ; ) is a city and commune in southwestern France at the confluence of the Nive and Adour rivers, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, of which it is a subprefecture.
Bayonne has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
Bayonne is surrounded by the communes Boucau, Tarnos (in the Landes department), Lahonce, Mouguerre, Saint-Pierre-d'Irube, Villefranque, Bassussarry and Anglet.
With a population of 47,492, Bayonne has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
The inhabitants of Bayonne are known, in French, as Bayonnais (women: Bayonnaises).
Bayonne is a sous-préfecture in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department since 1800.
It is also the capital of three cantons.
Bayonne-1, formed with a part of Bayonne and part of Anglet.
Bayonne-2, formed with a part of Bayonne and the commune Boucau.
Bayonne-3, formed with the parts of Bayonne not included in the other two cantons.
Pamplona, Spain
Daytona Beach, Florida, United States
Ville de Bayonne - Official site
Bedous is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bellocq is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bentayou-Sérée is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bergouey-Viellenave is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Bernadets is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Berrogain-Laruns is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Bescat is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Beuste is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Beyrie-en-Béarn is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Beyrie-sur-Joyeuse is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Bidache is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Bidarray is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Bidart is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Bidos is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
Bielle is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bilhères is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Billère is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Biriatou is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Biron, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bizanos is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Boeil-Bezing is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bonloc is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bonnut is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Borce is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bordes, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bordères is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bosdarros is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Boucau is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Boueilh-Boueilho-Lasque is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bougarber is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bouillon, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Boumourt is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bourdettes is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwest France.
Bournos is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Briscous is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Bruges-Capbis-Mifaget is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.