the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Mother Teresa (26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), was a Roman Catholic nun who started the Missionaries of Charity and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her work with people.
For over forty years, she took care of needs of those without money, those who were sick, those without parents, and those dying in Calcutta (Kolkata), guided in part by the ideals of Saint Francis of Assisi.
She was born in Skopje, Macedonia, and died in Calcutta.
As the Missionaries of Charity grew under Mother's leadership, they expanded their ministry to other countries.
By the 1970s she had become internationally well known as an advocate for the poor and helpless, due in part to a movie and book, Something Beautiful for God by Malcolm Muggeridge.
She did not think women had the right to have abortions and said "The greatest destroyer of peace is abortion because if a mother can kill her own child, what is left for me to kill you and you to kill me?".
she is best social service woman.
One day the vision Jesus Curiest asked help poor people and she hear this voice in train while going to join the meeting in church
Mother Teresa left his best luxurious Rolls-Royce car and sell and made asram for poor people.
Mother Teresa called Saint on 4 September 2016 by his Holiness Pope at Saint Peter, Vactain.
Mother Teresa got many award like bharat ratna in 1980 and Nobel prize in 1979 etc.
She is known as Surving the humanity
Mother Teresa received criticism over the years, especially in recent years as debate about sex and abortion grew.
Christopher Hitchens says that, instead of trying to help the poor, she encouraged them to endure pain and continue to suffer.
Hitchens also thinks she was against ending poverty and raising the social status of women.
Hitchens wrote a book on Teresa called The Missionary Position.
In an article for Slate, Hitchens writes "MT was not a friend of the poor.
She was a friend of poverty.
She said that suffering was a gift from God".
Mother Teresa of Kolkata information
Speech On Mother Teresa In English : Nobel Peace Prize Speech
Albanian people
People from Skopje
Joanna Noëlle Levesque (born December 20, 1990 ), known by her stage name JoJo, is an American actress and singer.
She was born in Brattleboro, Vermont and raised in Keene, New Hampshire and Foxborough, Massachusetts.
She is a pop and R&B singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress.
She released her first album, JoJo, in June 2004.
The album's first single "Leave (Get Out)" was No.1 of the US Billboard Pop Chart.
Official U.S. website
MTV interview
People from Brattleboro, Vermont
Musicians from New Hampshire
Musicians from Vermont
Singers from Vermont
Angela Aames (27 February 27, 1956 in Pierre, South Dakota – November 27, 1988 in West Hills, California) was an American actress.
She was famous for her role in the movie ’’Bachelor Party’’.
She died of heart problems at the age of 32.
Actors from South Dakota
People from Pierre, South Dakota
Willie Aames (born Albert William Upton 15 July 1960 in Los Angeles, California) is an actor famous for the roles of Buddy Lembeck on Charles in Charge, Tommy Bradford on Eight is Enough and the voice of Hank on Dungeons & Dragons, the cartoon.
He also hosted a game show The Krypton Factor from 1990-91.
Bruce Paul Abbott (born July 28, 1954 in Portland, Oregon) is an American actor.
He was in movies such as Re-Animator, Bad Dreams, The Prophecy II, Out of Time, Bride of Re-Animator and the television series Dark Justice.
People from Portland, Oregon
William Alexander “Bud” Abbott (October 2, 1895 – April 24, 1974) was an American actor, producer and comedian born in Asbury Park, New Jersey.
He is famous for his role as the "straight man" of the comedy team of Abbott and Costello, with Lou Costello.
Comedians from New Jersey
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor, Jr. on April 16, 1947) is an American former professional basketball player and current assistant coach.
He was known as Lew Alcindor before changing his name in the fall of 1971, several years after converting to Islam.
He is considered one of the greatest players of all time.
He has also had numerous television and movie appearances.
Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor, Jr., was born in Harlem, New York City, on April 16, 1947.
His family was not poor: His father was a graduate of the famed Juilliard School of Music in virtuoso trombone.
He attended Power Memorial High School in New York.
Alcindor went to college at UCLA.
When he played on the freshman team, it beat the UCLA varsity team that had won two national championships.
When he played on the varsity team, it won three national championships.
When Alcindor was at UCLA, the NCAA did not allow the dunk, so he developed a hook shot called the skyhook.
Alcindor also got a degree in history.
Professional basketball career
Alcindor was drafted by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 1969 NBA Draft.
He lead the league in scoring twice with the Bucks.
He also won three MVP awards with them.
In 1975, Abdul-Jabbar was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers.
He won three more MVP awards with them, as well as five championships.
Abdul-Jabbar played in the NBA until 1989.
When he left, he had scored 38,387 points, which is more than any other player has.
He was also one of the ten most accurate players, and blocked the third-most shots.
Abdul-Jabbar was placed in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1995.
Outside of basketball
Abdul-Jabbar studied martial arts with Bruce Lee, and appears in the Lee movie The Game of Death.
He is also in the movie Airplane!.
Abdul-Jabbar has written several books.
Some of them are on basketball, but he has also written a book about the Harlem Renaissance.
His book was later made into a documentary movie.
Abdul-Jabbar has also been an assistant coach for several NBA teams.
Usually, he has helped tall players play better.
Abdul-Jabbar has had leukemia since 2009.
He accepted Islam after the game.
He became an assistant coach after he retired.
Kareem's complete bio at NBA.com
Kareem's page at the Basketball Hall of Fame
1967-68 Oscar Robertson Trophy  USBWA College Player of the Year
Milwaukee Bucks players
Betty Aberlin (born Betty Kay Ageloff December 30, 1942, New York City) is an American actress, poet, and writer.
She had a regular role on The Smothers Brothers Show.
Aberlin worked on many television programs.
She played Lady Aberlin on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
Her movie roles include work in Dogma and Jersey Girl.
He is best known for his roles in movie Go Figure as Spencer, and in Threshold.
He also played Kirk in an episode of The Suite Life of Zack and Cody.
American models
Baudrecourt is a village in the Lorraine region of France.
It is about half way between Metz and Nancy.
The TGV high-speed line from Paris to Strasbourg currently ends there.
In 1999, 172 people lived there.
Hayden Lesley Panettiere (born August 21, 1989) is an American actress, singer and a Grammy Award nominee.
She first appeared on TV as a baby in commercials, and had her first role at the age of four in the TV show One Life To Live.
She is also well known for her work in trying to stop whaling.
In January 2008, Panettiere spoke at an anti-whaling meeting in Washington D.C., and later spoke to representatives from Norway, Iceland and Japan.
Some of her acting roles
1994–97: One Life To Live (soap opera)
1998: A Bug's Life (the voice of Dot)
2000: Remember the Titans
2001: Joe Somebody
2004: Raising Helen
2005: Racing Stripes (voice)
2006–10: Heroes
2010: Alpha and Omega (movie) (voice of Kate)
2011: Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in Italy (as Amanda Knox)
2011: Scream 4
2012–2018: Nashville
2014-2015: Alpha and Omega 2 (movie) (voice of Kate)
Avatar: The Last Airbender, also known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang in some places, is an American animated television series.
It was shown on Nickelodeon and lasted for three seasons.
The pilot episode, The Boy in the Iceberg, was first shown on February 21, 2005, and the last episode, Sozin's Comet, was first shown on July 19, 2008.
The series was created by Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko, and the head writer for the series was Aaron Ehasz.
The show is about a world where people can control, or "bend," one of the four elements—water, earth, fire, or air.
The main character is Aang, who is the Avatar.
This means he can bend all four elements.
In the show, Aang and his friends Katara, Sokka, and later Toph Beifong must save the world by defeating Fire Lord Ozai, who is the ruler of the Fire Nation.
Aang and his friends want to end a war between the Fire Nation and the other nations that has lasted for one hundred years.
At the same time, Zuko, who used to be the prince of the Fire Nation, tries to capture Aang and defeat him.
The show is based on different parts of Asian culture.
The moves that the characters make when they bend are based on different styles of martial arts, such as kung fu and tai chi, and the art style of the show is similar to the style of Japanese anime.
Avatar: The Last Airbender received high ratings when it aired, which means that many people watched it.
Its highest rating was 5.6 million people watching it.
The show was made for 6- to 11-year-olds, but even people who were not 6 to 11 watched and liked it.
Critics also like the show.
They think its characters, art, music, and writing are all very good.
In addition, Avatar: The Last Airbender talks about difficult things that children's shows do not talk about often.
These include war, genocide, imperialism, and free will.
The show has won many awards.
It has won five Annie Awards, a Genesis Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, a Kids' Choice Award, and a Peabody Award.
Many people think Avatar: The Last Airbender is one of the best animated series of all time.
There is a franchise of things related to Avatar: The Last Airbender.
One of these is an animated sequel series, The Legend of Korra, that tells what happens 70 years after the events of the first show.
The Legend of Korra premiered in 2012 and ended in 2014.
There are also two prequel novels, a live-action film, and a series of comics, which are still being made.
In July 2018, the complete series was released on Blu-ray.
This was to celebrate the ten-year anniversary of the ending of the show.
The show was released on Netflix in the United States and Canada in May 2020.
It was also released on Paramount+ in June 2020 and on Amazon Prime Video in January 2021.
A live action version is currently being made by Netflix.
Avatar: The Last Airbender takes place in a world that is home to humans, fantastic animals, and spirits.
The world is divided into four nations: the Water Tribes, the Earth Kingdom, the Air Nomads, and the Fire Nation.
Each nation bases its society on the element (water, earth, fire, or air) that is in its name.
Some people who live in each nation have the power to magically control and use, or "bend," the element of that nation.
Those people are called "benders."
They can use their powers of bending to fight.
The way that the show portrays the fighting style from each nation is based on a martial art from real life.
For instance, "waterbenders" (people who can magically control and use water) have a fighting style that is based on tai chi chuan from real life.
Earthbending is mostly based on Hung Ga kung fu.
Firebending is like Northern Shaolin kung fu.
And Airbending is similar to baguazhang.
Each nation is also connected to a season: autumn for the Air Nomads, winter for the Water Tribe, spring for the Earth Kingdom and summer for the Fire Nation.
In the world that Avatar: The Last Airbender shows, there is always only one person alive who can bend all four elements.
That person is called the "Avatar."
When one Avatar dies, he or she is reincarnated, or born again in another body.
The Avatar's next body always belongs to the next nation in the Avatar Cycle.
The cycle always goes in this order: water, earth, fire, air.
Then it starts over again with water.
The Avatar must learn how to bend the elements in the same order.
He or she begins by learning how to bend the element of the country where they were born.
Then he or she learns the next three elements in order.
Usually, it is a challenge for the Avatar to learn how to bend the element that is the opposite of their first, or "native," element.
For instance, the main character of the show, Aang, was born to Air Nomads, so air was the first element he learned to bend.
The "opposite" element to air is earth, so for Aang, it was difficult to learn earthbending.
This is because Earthbending focuses on steadiness and facing your opponent directly.
This is different from airbending, which focuses on getting to your opponents in many different ways and changing your style quickly if it is necessary.
One special power that the Avatar has is called the "Avatar State."
When an Avatar goes into the Avatar State, he or she gains all of the knowledge and abilities that all of the past Avatars have had.
The Avatar State is a defense mechanism.
An Avatar goes into this state automatically.
However, if he or she practices for a very long time, he or she can control when they go into the Avatar State and what they do while they are in it.
If an Avatar is killed in the Avatar State, then the Avatar Cycle will be broken.
Then there will be no more Avatars.
Through the years, there have been many Avatars.
They keep all of the four nations peaceful.
Another special power that the Avatar has is being able to go into the Spirit World.
He or she can link the physical world to the Spirit World.
In this way, he or she can solve problems that regular benders cannot.
Season One (Book One: Water)
One hundred years before the story begins, a twelve-year-old Airbender named Aang learns that he is the new Avatar.
He is not happy when he learns this, because he knows that being the Avatar is a big responsibility, and he does not think he is ready for it.
He is also scared of having to leave his mentor, Monk Gyatso, whom he loves very much.
Aang flees from home on his animal guide, a flying bison named Appa.
But they fly into a big storm and crash into the ocean, and Aang goes into the Avatar State and freezes himself and Appa inside an iceberg.
They are frozen in a state of suspended animation—they cannot move, grow older, or die.
While this is happening, the Fire Nation is beginning a war against the other three nations.
Fire Lord Sozin, the leader of the Fire Nation, knows that the new Avatar is an Air Nomad (because of the Avatar Cycle's pattern), so he kills all of the Air Nomads in a genocide.
This is because he wants to make sure that the Avatar, who is very powerful, will not be able to defeat the Fire Nation in the war.
The FIre Nation army is able to kill all of the Air Nomads because a comet called "Sozin's Comet" made their bending much more powerful.
But because the actual Avatar, Aang, is frozen in an iceberg, he is not killed.
He is the only Airbender to survive the attack.
For one hundred years, everybody in the world believes that the Avatar does not exist anymore.
A hundred years later, Katara and Sokka, two siblings who live in the Southern Water Tribe, free Aang and Appa from the iceberg.
Katara is the only waterbender in her small tribe.
She has taught herself how to bend.
Her older brother, Sokka, cannot bend, but he is a warrior.
Katara, Sokka, and Aang travel to the Northern Water Tribe so Aang and Katara can learn waterbending from a master.
Aang does not know about the war or the genocide of the Air Nomads.
While on their journey, they visit the Southern Air Temple, where Aang used to live.
There, Aang discovers that the Fire Nation destroyed the Air Nomads.
He also meets his Avatar guide, Avatar Roku, who is the Avatar who came before Aang.
Roku tells Aang that he must learn to bend all four elements by the summer solstice.
This is because Sozin's Comet will return on that day, and it will make the firebenders' bending very powerful.
If Aang does not defeat the current Fire Lord, Ozai, by the summer solstice, then the Fire Nation will take over the world and no one will be able to stop them anymore.
While Katara, Sokka, and Aang travel to the Northern Water Tribe, they are constantly chased by Prince Zuko.
Zuko is the son of the current Fire Lord, Ozai, but Ozai banished him from the Fire Nation three years before the story starts.
Zuko can only return to the Fire Nation and get back his honor if he captures the Avatar.
He travels with his uncle Iroh, nicknamed "Dragon of the West", a legendary Fire Nation general and the older brother of Ozai.
Zuko and another Fire Nation military officer, Admiral Zhao, compete to capture the Avatar.
At the end of the season, Admiral Zhao leads the Fire Nation navy in attacking the Northern Water Tribe.
During the attack, Zhao also kills the Moon Spirit.
But Aang and his friends help fight back against this attack, and Yue, the princess of the Northern Water Tribe, sacrifices herself (in other words, she decides to die) so she can become the new Moon Spirit.
In the end, Aang and his friends win the battle.
Season Two (Book Two: Earth)
After leaving the North Pole, Aang continues to learn and master waterbending with Katara.
Aang, Katara, and Sokka look for someone who can teach Aang how to earthbend.
They soon meet Toph Bei Fong, a young girl who is one of the best earthbenders in the world.
She is blind, but knows how to "see" (or sense her surroundings) through earthbending and by feeling vibrations, or small shakes, in the earth.
She teaches Aang to do the same.
Meanwhile, Zuko and Iroh are now fugitives from the Fire Nation.
They escape to Ba Sing Se, the capital city of the Earth Kingdom, where they try to start new lives.
Zuko, with the help of his uncle, tries to accept the difficult events he has gone through in his life, and he learns to not be so focused on capturing the Avatar.
Aang and his friends (who are sometimes called "Team Avatar") learn about a solar eclipse that will happen in the future.
When the eclipse happens, all firebenders will lose their bending for a short time.
So Team Avatar makes plans to invade the Fire Nation on that day.
This is when Aang plans to defeat Fire Lord Ozai.
While Team Avatar travels to Ba Sing Se so they can tell the Earth King about the eclipse, Zuko's younger sister Azula and her two friends Mai and Ty Lee try to capture them.
Finally, the three of them capture the Kyoshi Warriors (friends of Team Avatar) and pretend to be them, so that they can invade Ba Sing Se.
Azula persuades an elite group of Earthbenders called the Dai Li to instigate a coup d'état, allowing the Fire Nation to capture Ba Sing Se.
At the end of the season, when Team Avatar is fighting against Azula and her allies, Zuko sides with Azula, who promises to restore his honor.
When Aang enters the Avatar State, Azula shoots him with lightning.
It hurts him very badly, and he almost dies.
Katara brings Aang back to life with spirit water that she got from the North Pole in the previous season.
But Aang's seventh chakra is blocked, and he cannot enter the Avatar State.
Season Three (Book Three: Fire)
Aang awakens to find the group disguised as Fire Nation soldiers heading West on a Fire Nation ship, while Zuko has been restored to his position as crown prince.
Sokka has planned a small-scale invasion of the Fire Nation to capture the Fire Lord's palace and defeat Fire Lord Ozai, taking advantage of the solar eclipse.
The invasion will be staged by a ragtag group of benders and warriors who Aang has helped along his journey.
Initially the invasion proceeds as planned, but Aang fails to find the Fire Lord before the eclipse ends, because Azula knew about the invasion.
The invasion ultimately fails, and only Aang and his closest friends are able to escape.
Zuko, in a change of heart, decides to defy his father and join the Avatar.
Zuko catches up with Aang at the Western Air Temple and offers to teach Aang Firebending.
After some reluctance from Katara and Sokka, Team Avatar allows Zuko to join the group.
In the series finale, Aang defeats Fire Lord Ozai by taking away his ability to firebend.
With Ozai defeated, the war quickly ends.
Zuko is crowned the new Fire Lord and, with the help of the Avatar and his friends, begins rebuilding the four nations.
The series ends as Aang and Katara kiss in front of the sunset.
Aang (Zach Tyler Eisen) is a 12 year old.
He is the most important character in the series.
He was frozen in ice with his flying bison, Appa, for 100 years.
He was found by a young Waterbender named Katara.
Now he is the Avatar, the master of 4 different powers: water, earth, fire and air.
Aang is a hero, but he doesn't want to be a hero.
He is trying to make the world good again.
Katara (Mae Whitman) is 14 years old.
She is a Waterbender.
This means she can move water by moving her body.
She is in the Southern Water Tribe.
Katara has a brother.
His name is Sokka.
They find Aang in a big ball of ice.
He had been frozen for 100 years.
Katara and Sokka go with Aang on an adventure to kill the evil Lord.
His is called Fire Lord Ozai.
She is his first teacher for water.<refgroup="Notes">Katara can do bloodbending.
This means she can move peoples' bodies by "bending" their blood.
She doesn't like to do this.
Sokka (Jack DeSena) is 15 years old.
He is a warrior.
He is also Katara's brother.
He lives in the Southern Water Tribe.
He goes with Aang on his adventure to kill the evil Fire Lord.
He is very funny, so he says he is "meat-loving" and "sarcastic".
Sokka is different from his friends.
He cannot "bend" anything, he is a fighter and a thinker.
He has lots of good ideas and weapons.
He has a boomerang and a sword he made from a meteorite.
Michael Dante DiMartino, who made the TV show, said that Sokka could have been a Waterbender, but he never learned how to do it.
Toph  (Jessie Flower) is 12 years old.
She is an Earthbender.
Her family is rich, but she doesn't like money.
She is very strong and she likes to fight.
When she meets Aang and his friends she thinks they are strange.
She wants to help them, so she goes with them on their adventure.
She is Aang's teacher for Earthbending.
She is blind, but she can still see things.
Toph "sees" with her feet.
She feels the earth move a little bit.
Then she knows what is happening.
Toph is the most powerful Earthbender ever.
Zuko (Dante Basco) is 16 years old.
He is the son of the evil Fire Lord, so he is a prince.
In Season 1 he is the most important bad guy.
Zuko's life was hard.
Something happened and now his father doesn't like him.
Zuko wants to catch the Avatar because he thinks his father would like that.
Zuko does not like himself, he is angry, and his family is crazy.
In the show Zuko learns how to be nice.
He wears a blue mask to hide himself and then he saves people.
In season three, he leaves the Fire Lord.
He goes to Aang and becomes his friend.
He becomes a Firebending teacher for Aang.
At the end, he is the new Fire Lord.
Azula (Grey DeLisle) is a bad princess.
She is a Firebender.
She is Zuko's younger sister.
She is an important bad guy in the show.
Azula is very good at Firebending.
It is easy for her to do it.
She can make lightning.
She is very mean to her friends Mai and Ty Lee.
She uses fire to scare them.
The Fire Lord likes her more than Zuko.
Iroh (Mako in season one and two, Greg Baldwin in season three) used to be a general for the Fire Lord.
He can make fire in his nose and mouth, so they call him the Dragon of the West.
He is Prince Zuko's uncle and teacher.
The Fire lord is Iroh's brother.
Iroh is older than the Fire Lord.
He should be the Lord, but the Fire Lord lied, so that he could be the Lord.
People think Iroh is nice, kind, and happy.
He does silly things so people think he is not strong or smart.
But Iroh is very smart and strong.
Iroh has a secret group of friends.
They are strong and good at fighting.
The friends are called The Order of the White Lotus.
In the last episode they fight the Fire Nation.
They win and the world becomes a good place.
Iroh is special because he learned how to do Firebending from Dragons.
Avatar: The Last Airbender was co-created and produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko at Nickelodeon Animation Studios in Burbank, California.
Animation work was done by the Korean animation studio DR Movie.
According to Bryan Konietzko, the program was conceived in the spring of 2001 when he took an old sketch of a balding, middle-aged man and re-imagined the character as a child.
Konietzko drew the character herding bison in the sky, and showed the sketch to Mike DiMartino.
At the time, DiMartino was studying a documentary about explorers trapped in the South Pole.
The show was first revealed to the public in a teaser reel at Comic-Con 2004, and started show the episodes from 21 February 2005.
In the United States, first two episodes of the series were shown together in a one-hour premiere event.
A second twenty-episode season ran from 17 March 2006 through 1 December.
A third and final season, beginning September 21, 2007, featured twenty-one episodes rather than the usual twenty.
The final four episodes were packaged as a two-hour movie.
Avatar is notable for borrowing extensively from Asian art and mythology to create its universe.
The show's character designs are heavily influenced by anime as well as Chinese art and history, Hinduism, Taoism, Buddhism, and Yoga.
Traditional East Asian calligraphy styles are used for nearly all the writing in the show.
For each instance of calligraphy, an appropriate style is used, ranging from seal script (more archaic) to clerical script.
The show employed a cultural consultant, Edwin Zane, and calligrapher Siu-Leung Lee as consultants for the show's cultural influences.
The choreographed martial art bending moves were profoundly affected by Asian cinema.
In an interview, Bryan revealed that, "Mike and I were really interested in other epic 'Legends & Lore' properties, like Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings, but we knew that we wanted to take a different approach to that type of genre.
Our love for Japanese anime, Hong Kong action and kung fu cinema, yoga, and Eastern philosophies led us to the initial inspiration for Avatar."
All music and sound used in the series was done by Jeremy Zuckerman and Benjamin Wynn, who form "The Track Team".
They made use of a wide range of different instruments (such as the guzheng,  pipa and duduk) to compose a background music that fits into the world.
The term "Avatar" comes from the language of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of India.
The word Avatāra, (Sanskrit: ), which means "descent"; its roots are ava means "down," and tri means "to pass."
In the Hindu scriptures, avatara signifies the descent of Divinity into flesh.
One who attains union with Spirit and then returns to earth to help humanity is called an avatar.
The Chinese characters that appear at the top of the show's title card mean "the divine medium who has descended upon the mortal world."
When Aang was young, he unknowingly revealed that he was the Avatar when he chose four toys out of thousands, each of which were the childhood toys of the previous Avatars.
In Tibetan Buddhism, there is a similar test for reincarnations of a Tulku Lama.
In Magic and Mystery in Tibet, Alexandra David-Neel writes that "a number of objects such as rosaries, ritualistic implements, books, tea-cups, etc.,
are placed together, and the child must pick out those which belonged to the late tulku, thus showing that he recognizes the things which were theirs in their previous life."
Each successor is expected to show signs of continuity with the previous Avatar, such as being born within a week of the death.
Elements and fighting styles
Avatar draws on the four classical elements common to many ancient philosophies for its bending arts: Water, Earth, Fire and Air.
Although each has its own variation, most ancient philosophies incorporate these four elements in some way.
Examples include the classical Hindu, Buddhist, and Greek elemental traditions.
In the show’s opening, each element is accompanied by two Chinese characters: an ancient Chinese seal script character on the left representing the element being shown and a modern Chinese character on the right describing some feature of the element.
The character 水 (pinyin: shui), which stands for water, is shown with 善 (pinyin: shan), which means benevolence and adaptivity.
The character 土 (pinyin: tu), which stands for earth, is shown with 強 (pinyin: qiang), which means for strength and stability.
The character 火 (pinyin: huo), which stands for fire, is shown with 烈 (pinyin: lie), which means intensity and passion.
Finally, the character 气 (pinyin: qi), which stands for air, is shown with 和 (pinyin: he), which means peace and harmony.
In addition to the use of four classical elements in the series, the fighting styles associated with each element are all taken from different styles of Chinese martial arts.
The series employed Sifu Kisu of the Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association as a martial arts consultant.
Each fighting style was chosen to represent the element it projected.
Tai Chi was used for "Waterbending" in the series, and it focuses on alignment, body structure, breath, and visualization.
Hung Gar was used for "Earthbending" in the series, and was chosen for its firmly rooted stances and powerful strikes to present the solid nature of earth.
Northern Shaolin, which uses strong arm and leg movements was used for "Firebending".
And Ba Gua, which uses dynamic circular movements and quick directional changes, was used for "Airbending".
The only exception to these styles is Toph, who can be seen practicing a Chu Gar Southern Praying Mantis style.
Nielsen ratings
When the show first was shown it was rated the best animated television series in its demographic; new episodes averaged 3.1 million viewers each.
A one-hour special showing of "The Secret of the Fire Nation" which was shown on 15 September 2006, consisting of "The Serpent's Pass" and "The Drill", gathered an audience of 5.1 million viewers.
According to the Nielsen Media Research, the special was the best performing cable television show airing in that week.
In 2007, Avatar was syndicated to more than 105 countries worldwide, and was one of Nickelodeon's top rated programs.
The series was ranked first on Nickelodeon in Germany, Indonesia, Malaysia, Belgium, and Colombia.
The series finale, Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle, received the highest ratings of the series.
Its 19 July 2008 premiere averaged 5.6 million viewers, 95% more viewers than Nickelodeon had received in mid-July 2007.
During the week of 14 July, it ranked as the most-viewed program for the under-14 demographic.
Sozin's Comet also appeared on iTunes' top ten list of best-selling television episodes during that same week.
Sozin's Comets popularity affected online media as well; "Rise of the Phoenix King", a Nick.com online game based on Sozin's Comet, generated almost 815,000 game plays within three days.
Dark Horse Comics released an art book titled Avatar: The Last Airbender — The Art of the Animated Series, on 2 June 2010 which contains 184 pages of the original art and creation behind the Avatar animated series.
Promotion and merchandising
Avatar'''s success has led to some promotional advertising with third-party companies, such as Burger King and Upper Deck Entertainment.
Avatar-themed roller coasters at Nickelodeon Universe in the Mall of America and one formerly at Kings Island also appeared.
During the show's runtime, Nickelodeon published two special issues of Nick Mag Presents dedicated entirely to the show.
Various members of the Avatar staff and cast appeared at the 2006 San Diego Comic-Con International convention, while Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko appeared with Martial Arts Consultant Sifu Kisu at the Pacific Media Expo on October 28, 2006.
Avatar also has its own line of T-shirts, LEGO playsets, toys, a trading card game, a cine-manga, and three video games, as well as an MMO.
The Mattel-produced action figure toy line generated some controversy with its exclusion of any female characters.
Mattel came to release information stating that they have taken account of Katara's increased role within the program, and that she would be included in the figure assortment for a mid 2007 release.
The figure ultimately went unreleased, however, as the entire line was canceled before she could be produced.
Nickelodeon executives have since released optimistic plans for upcoming marketing strategies in regards to Avatar.
Nickelodeon President Cyma Zarghami openly stated his belief that the franchise "could become their Harry Potter".
They expect consumers to spend about $121 million in 2007, rising to $254 million by 2009.
The marketing plans are to be coincided with the release of the first live-action movie based on the series in 2010, which will be the first movie in a trilogy.
In the series of Avatar: The Last Airbender based a video game trilogy:
Avatar: The Last Airbender, based on the first season of Avatar: The Last Airbender Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth, based on the second season of Avatar: The Last Airbender.
Avatar: The Last Airbender - Into the Inferno, based on the third season of Avatar: The Last Airbender.
Avatar: Legends of the Arena, a video game for Microsoft Windows, was launched on 25 September 2008 by Nickelodeon.
Each user is able to create their own character, choose a nation, and to interact with others across the globe.
In the series of Avatar: The Last Airbender based the trilogy The Last Airbender:
The Last Airbender, which was released on 1 July 2010 (based on the first season of Avatar: The Last Airbender)
The Last Airbender 2, which was set to be released in 2012 (based on the second season of Avatar: The Last Airbender).
There is no further announcement.
The Last Airbender 3, which was set to be released in 2014 (based on the third season of Avatar: The Last Airbender).
List of actors
Avatar: The Legend of Korra
A series based on Avatar: The Last Airbender is currently in development at Nickelodeon and due for release in 2011.
It will be created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko.
the creators of Avatar: The Last Airbender.
Rumors Of New ‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’ Animated Series Confirmed The show, tentatively titled Avatar: The Legend of Korra, will be a twelve-episode mini series that takes place in the same universe, 70 years after the defeat of Fire Lord Ozai.
The development period and release dates were announced at the annual Comic-Con in San Diego on 22 July 2010.
The series will focus on Korra, a teenage female protagonist and current incarnation of the Avatar, who, according to the president of Nickelodeon, will be "hotheaded, independent, and ready to take on the world".
She has already mastered the elements of Water, Earth, and Fire, but needs to master Air.
The character was partly inspired by Avatar Kyoshi of the original series, whom the creators say was very popular among fans.
In order to avoid repetition of Aang's adventures, the creators wanted to root the show in one place, called Republic City.
A concept drawing of the city, released with the announcement of the series, shows the city's design as inspired by Shanghai in the 1920s and 1930s, Hong Kong, Manhattan, and Vancouver.
In the show, Korra will have to learn Airbending from master Tenzin, son of Avatar Aang and Katara, and contend with an anti-bender revolution taking place in the city.
While not targeting a different demographic than Avatar: The Last Airbender, Michael and Bryan have stated that the show won't cover more mature subject material necessarily, just different mature subjects, "It won't be another war, but a different sort of conflict."
The creators also explained that there would be some "cheesy teen romance" for the main character, Korra.
At the 2010 Comic-Con, it was revealed that the creators will continue to work with Joaquim Dos Santos and Ryuki Hung on the animation and design of the show.
The creators also confirmed that they will directly write all twelve episodes, explaining that as a mini-series, episode fillers will be omitted, allowing for a "really tight" and "cool" story.
In late July, Jeremy Zuckerman, composer of the original series, was confirmed to be returning to score The Legend of Korra''.
Live action remake
A live action remake is in the works for Netflix.
Production and filming began in Vancouver, British Columbia on November 16, 2021, and will last until May 2022.
The page of the series in the official site of Nickelodeon
All the episodes
All the episodes of first season
All the episodes of second season
All the episodes of third season
Avatar wiki
In Russian
Cтраничка мультсериала на сайте канала 2х2.
Русскоязычный информационный портал
Книги и манга «Повелитель стихий».
Официальный сайт
La série sur Planète Jeunesse
Communauté francophone de la série
Offizielles deutsches Webportal von Nick
Beschreibung auf www.fernsehserien.de
2008 television series endings
Toul is a city in the Northeastern part of France.
There are about 17,000 people living there.
Toul is a fortified town, with a long history.
The people who started building the city were the Romans.
It was the capital of the Leuci tribe.
When the Carolingian Empire was split by the Treaty of Meerssen, in 870, Toul was  given to East Francia.
In the early 1800s, the importance of the city diminished, and Nancy took its place.
Blessthefall is an American post-hardcore band from Phoenix, Arizona.
The band was formed in 2004 and released the first album His Last Walk in April 2007.
The lead vocalist, Craig Mabbitt leaves the band in November 2007, the bassist Jared Warth was lead vocalist/bassist, replacing the Mabbitt place touring.
Mabbitt joined Escape the Fate in mid-2008.
Beau Bokan joined to the band in September 2008.
With Bokan, the band released the second studio album, Witness in October 6, 2009, with Fearless Records.
The third studio album, Awakening will released in October 4, 2011.
Beau Bokan - lead vocals/screams, keyboard (since 2008)
Eric Lambert - lead guitar, backing vocals (since 2004)
Jared Warth - bass/screams (since 2004), lead vocals (2004, 2007-2008)
Matt Traynor - drums (since 2004)
Elliott Gruenberg - rhythm guitar (since 2011)
Mike Frisby - rhythm guitar (2004-2011)
Craig Mabbit - lead vocals (2004-2007)
Miles Bergsma - lead guitar (2004-2005)
Aiden Louis - bass, backing vocals (2008, Touring member only)
Black Rose Dying EP (2005)
Blessthefall EP (2006)
His Last Walk (2007)
Black On Black Tour EP (2007)
Witness (2009)
Awakening (2011)
Musicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Musical groups established in 2004
Amber is the common name for fossil resin.
It occurs in different colours, and is widely used for making jewellery and other ornaments.
Although not mineralized, amber is sometimes considered  as a gemstone.
Most of the world's amber is in the range of 30–90 million years old.
Semi-fossilized resin or sub-fossil amber is called copal.
Baltic amber was called 'Freya's tears' by the Norse and the 'tears of the Heliades' by the ancient Greeks.
Amber in geology
Amber is formed from resin coming out of certain trees.
It is not tree sap or gum.
The resin soon becomes sticky, and later fossilises as amber.
The amber can look different depending on its origin, and its later geological history.
To end up as amber, the starting resin must resist decay.
Many trees produce resin, but usually it is broken down by physical and biological process.
Exposure to weather tends to disintegrate resin, assisted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
For resin to survive long enough to become amber, it must resist such forces, or be produced under conditions that exclude them.
Baltic amber (historically called Prussian amber) is found as irregular nodules in a marine sand, known as blue earth, in the Lower Oligocene strata of Sambia in Kaliningrad Oblast, where it is now systematically mined.
Agathis amber comes from the conifer Agathis, a tree that used to grow over a much wider area.
Amber from America and Africa often comes from the Hymenaea protera, a genus of legume  tree.
Amber inclusions
The resin can contain, in addition to the beautifully preserved plant-structures, remains of insects, spiders, annelids, frogs, crustaceans and other small organisms that became trapped while it was fluid.
In most cases the organic structure has disappeared, leaving only a cavity, with perhaps a trace of chitin.
Locations and use
Amber can be found on all continents of the earth, with exception of the pole regions, mainly at the east coast of the USA, Canada, Burma, Mexico, Lebanon, Borneo, Romania and Sicily and other places.
According to scientists, the oldest amber originates from the carbon time and has an age of approximately 345 million years (Upper Carboniferous, Northumberland, USA).
There is Amber in Mexico and in the Caribbean, mainly in the Dominican Republic.
But most of these offer by far a smaller yield than amber found in the Baltic Region around the Baltic Sea.
Baltic amber is also the best known amber due to European history.
Homer mentions it in his Odyssee, Book 15, 459-465, B.C.E.: “… a necklace of gold, with amber beads was it strung between…”.
Amber from the "New World" like Mexico and the Dominican Republic was commercially mined only since the last century.
Baltic Amber is found along the shores of a large part of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea.
The greatest amber-producing country is the promontory of Sambia, now part of Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast.
About 90% of the world's extractable amber is in the Kaliningrad region of Russia on the Baltic Sea.
This amber was deposited in the late Eocene and early Oligocene in a delta of a prehistoric river, in a shallow part of a marine basin.
In addition to the coast near Kaliningrad, amber is also found elsewhere in the Baltic Sea region.
Small amounts of  Baltic amber can even be found outside the Baltic region, for example on the coastline of the south east of England.
On the evidence of Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy  (FTIR) analysis of amber and resin from living trees, that conifers of the family Sciadopityaceae were responsible.
The only living representative of this family is the Japanese umbrella pine, Sciadopitys verticillata.
Resin from the extinct tree Hymenaea protera is the source of Dominican amber and probably of most amber found in the tropics.
Dominican amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber mainly by being nearly always transparent, and it has a higher number of fossil inclusions.
This has enabled the detailed reconstruction of the ecosystem of a long-vanished tropical forest.
Amber is extensively used for beads and other ornaments, and for cigar-holders and the mouth-pieces of pipes.
The Amber Room in the Catherine Palace near Saint Petersburg is notable.
It is a reproduction of the original Amber Room, destroyed in WWII.
In Baltic countries, amber is often treated in autoclave, mainly to produce and enhance the colors and visual effects  thus creating beautiful jewelry.
When gradually heated in an oil-bath, amber becomes soft and flexible.
Two pieces of amber may be united by smearing the surfaces with linseed oil, heating them, and then pressing them together while hot.
Cloudy amber may be made clearer in an oil-bath, as the oil fills the numerous pores to which the turbidity is due.
Small fragments, formerly thrown away or used only for varnish, are now used on a large scale in the formation of "ambroid" or "pressed amber".
The pieces are carefully heated with exclusion of air and then pressed into one mass by intense hydraulic pressure, the softened amber being forced through holes in a metal plate.
As mentioned, the product is extensively used for making cheap jewelry and articles for smoking.
Amber was much valued as an ornamental material in early times, but also for religious purpose.
Rosary beads are used by Catholics and Muslims alike up too our days.
Around 58 A.D., the Roman Emperor Nero sent a Roman knight on a search for this “Gold of the North” and brought hundreds of pounds of amber to Rome.
In later days, from 1283 on, the Teutonic Knights, after returning from the crusades, became absolute rulers of Prussia and the Baltic sources of amber, as well as the manufacture of objects made of amber, punishing transgressors with death by hanging.
History has it that when they arrived in 1492 at the Caribbean island of “La Hispaniola” (Dominican Republic), Columbus received from a young Taino prince a pair of shoes decorated with Dominican amber, in exchange for a strand of Baltic amber beads that he had offered.
Amber (colour)
The World of Amber  A comprehensive website maintained by the Earth Science Department of Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas (Accessed 29 May 2005)
Publications on amber inclusions
Baltic amber information page
http://www.webmineral.com/data/Amber.shtml
http://www.mindat.org/min-188.html
http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/amber.html
Plants evolved many complex chemicals as  defences against herbivores.
That may be the origin of these resins, which are certainly not good to eat.
Plants secrete resins for their protective benefits in response to injury.
The resin protects the plant from insects and pathogens.
Resins confound a wide range of herbivores, insects, and pathogens.
The volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors, that is, parasitoids or predators of the herbivores which attack the plant.
Humans also value resins for their many uses.
They are used in varnishes, adhesives, as raw materials for organic synthesis, or for incense and perfume.
Fossilized resins are the source of amber.
The term is also used for synthetic substances with similar properties.
Resins are chemicals composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
Synthetic resins are used in laminates, adhesives, flooring, linings, etc.
Rosin
Rosin, (also called 'colophony' or 'Greek pitch') is a solid form of resin.
It is got from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers.
Heating fresh liquid resin vaporizes light volatiles like terpenes.
Rosin is semi-transparent and yellow to black in colour.
The term "colophony" comes from colophonia resina or "resin from the pine trees of Colophon", an ancient Ionic city.
Rosin has hundreds of uses, of which only a few can be mentioned here.
These uses fall into  groups, such as:
Resisting slippages (increasing friction): used on stringed instruments, dancers' shoes, in gymnastics, in rock climbing, and on hands of various types of games players.
In manufacturing soap, inks, some paints, paper, varnish, glue, soldering fluxes, and sealing wax.
Pharmaceutical products: tablet film and enteric coating, microcapsules and nanoparticles.
Copal and amber are natural rosins: the lighter components of tree resin evaporated and left a hardened rosin.
Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials.
Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a solvent.
Most resin or "gum" varnishes are made of a natural substance dissolved in a solvent.
The two main types of natural varnishes are spirit varnish (which uses alcohol as a solvent) and turpentine or petroleum-based varnish.
Some resins are soluble in both alcohol and turpentine.
Shellac is a very widely used single component resin varnish that is dissolved in alcohol.
It is not used outdoors or where it will touch water several times, such as around a sink or bathtub.
insects in South Asia make it.
Bob Flexner (1993).
Understanding Wood Finishing: How to Select and Apply the Right Finish.
Rodale Press: Emmaus, PA.
The 17th century varnish of Lorenz Mizler
Tung and Linseed Oils  by Steven D. Russel
The Molecular Biology of the Cell 4th edition - Alberts et al.
The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotic 2nd edition – David White
Article by Kiera moser
An adhesive is a compound that sticks or bonds two items together.
Adhesives may come from either natural or man-made material.
Some modern adhesives are extremely strong, and are becoming increasingly important in modern construction and industry.
Examples of adhesives include adhesive tape, glue, and sticky-tac.
Some adhesives are for temporary use, like sticky-tac or the adhesive on sticky notes.
Others are for more permanent bonding of small items like gluing paper or building large pieces of furniture using construction adhesive.
The first adhesives were natural gums and other plant resins.
Archaeologists have found 6000-year-old ceramic vessels that had broken and been repaired using plant resin.
The earliest known use of adhesives was discovered in central Italy when two stone flakes partially covered with birch-bark tar.