the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Geneva, Ohio (6,500)
Geneva-on-the-Lake, Ohio (1,500)
Geneva Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio
Geneva, Pennsylvania (100)
Geneva, Washington (2,000)
Geneva, Wisconsin:
Geneva, Wisconsin (4,000)
Lake Geneva, Wisconsin (7,100), for the town and lake.
Canton of Uri is a canton (region) of Switzerland
Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, a region and town in Indian-Controlled Kashmir
Uri, a city in Sardinia, Italy
Úri, a village in Pest county, Hungary
Sumerian URI, the land of Agade
United Religions Initiative
Ultrasound Research Interface
Upper respiratory infection, also known as the common cold
NYSE stock symbol of United Rentals
In Germany, an Amt, or Samtgemeinde, or Verbandsgemeinde, or Verwaltungsgemeinschaft is a collection of towns or municipalities in a rural district.
The name used depends on which state the district is in.
Larger towns, usually called free towns, can carry out these services for themselves, and are not part of an amt.
local government of Germany
The Mittlerer Erzgebirgskreis was a district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.
The district is located in the Erzgebirge mountains.
The highest point is the  high Hirtstein.
The lowest point, , is in Witzschdorf.
40% of the district is covered by forests.
Stollberg Rural District was a district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.
Chemnitzer Land.
It was first created in 1910.
In 1950 the district was dissolved.
In 1952 it was set up again.
In the big reform of 1994 the Stollberg Rural District got bigger, because some smaller towns and villages from the city of Zwönitz and districts of Chemnitz and Aue, were transferred to Stollberg.
Stollberg is a town in the Free State of Saxony, and was capital of the Stollberg Rural District.
It is  east of Zwickau, and  southwest of Chemnitz.
Erzgebirgskreis Rural District
Towns in Saxony
Mittweida () was a district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.
Mittweida () is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.
It is the capital of the Landkreis Mittweida.
Mittweida University has about 5000 students.
It was started in the late 19th century.
Among its students were August Horch, Walter Bruch, Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen, and Gerhard Neumann.
Zürich (Swiss German: Züri, French: Zurich, Italian: Zurigo, Romansh: Turitg) is a canton of Switzerland.
About 1.2 million people live there.
The canton is in the northeast of Switzerland.
The city of Zürich is its capital.
The official language is German, but people speak the local Swiss German dialect called Züritüütsch.
English writers often write the name of the Canton of Zürich as Canton of Zurich.
Zürich contains the city of Zürich
Affoltern with capital Affoltern am Albis
Andelfingen with capital Andelfingen
Bülach with capital Bülach
Dielsdorf with capital Dielsdorf
Dietikon with capital Dietikon
Hinwil with capital Hinwil
Horgen with capital Horgen
Meilen with capital Meilen
Pfäffikon with capital Pfäffikon
Uster with capital Uster
Winterthur with capital Winterthur
Company Formation Zurich
Affoltern District (also known as Knonaueramt or Säuliamt) is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Zürich, Switzerland.
Its capital is Affoltern am Albis.
Districts of Zürich
Bülach is one of 12 districts of the Canton of Zürich in Switzerland.
With about 117,000 people living there, it is the third largest in the canton.
Dietikon is a district of the Swiss canton of Zürich.
The capital city is Dietikon.
Hinwil is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Zurich, Switzerland.
The capital is the city of Hinwil.
Horgen  is a district of the Swiss canton of Zürich.
Its capital is Horgen.
Sihlbrugg Dorf and Samstagern are both significant villages that are not independent municipalities.
Freiberg (i.e. free mountain) is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, capital of the Freiberg Rural District.
In 1944 the Flossenburg concentration camp built a subcamp outside the town of Freiberg.
It housed over 500 female survivors of other camps, including Auschwitz Birkenau.
Altogether 50 or so SS women worked in this camp until its evacuation in April 1945.
The female survivors later reached the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria.
Pfäffikon is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Zürich, Switzerland.
Its capital is the town of Pfäffikon.
Uster is one of the twelve districts of the canton of Zürich, Switzerland.
Its capital is the city of Uster.
Winterthur is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Zürich, Switzerland.
Its capital is the city of Winterthur.
My Story is a series of books by many different writers.
Each book is a diary of a fictional girl who lived through a famous time in history.
About the books
Sometimes, the main character from one book is the mother of the main character from another book.
For example, Tilly Middleton from Bloody Tower is the mother of Kitty Lumsden from The Queen's Spies.
At the end of each book, there is some information about the time in history the book was about.
Sometimes there is a timeline, or a fictional biography of the main character.
List of My Story books
Yair Auron (, Ya'ir Oron; born April 30, 1945) is an Israeli historian, scholar and expert specializing  on Holocaust and Genocide studies, racism and contemporary Jewry.
Since 2005 he is the head of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and Communication, The Open University of Israel, Associate Professor.
From 1974 to 1976 Auron worked as the Director of the Education Department, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, in the 1980s he was a researcher of the Center for Jewish Education, Hebrew University and Academic director of European Section, The Israel Diaspora Institute, Tel-Aviv University.
In 1996-1999 he was a Senior Lecturer in College of Yezreel, Head of the Division of Cultural Studies.
Jewish-Israeli Identity, Sifriat Poalim (with Kibutzim College of Education), Tel-Aviv, 1993, 204 pp. (
Hebrew).
The Banality of Indifference: The Attitude of the Yishuv and the Zionist Movement to the Armenian Genocide, Dvir (with Kibutzim College of Education), Tel-Aviv, 1995, 395 pp. (
Les Juifs d’Extrême Gauche en Mai 68, Albin Michel, Paris, 1998, 335 pp.
We are all German Jews: Jewish Radicals in France During the Sixties and Seventies, Am Oved (with Tel-Aviv University and Ben-Gurion University ), Tel-Aviv, 1999, 288 pp. (
Hebrew, translation of the French edition, with revisions).
The Banality of Indifference: Zionism and the Armenian Genocide, Transaction, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2000, 405 pp. (
translation of the Hebrew edition, with revisions and adaptations).
Second Edition, Transaction Publishers, 2001; Third Edition, 2003.
The Banality of Denial, Transaction, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2003, 338 pp.
Denial: Israel and the Armenian Genocide, Maba, Tel Aviv, 2005 [Hebrew edition, with revisions and adaptations].
The Pain of Knowledge - Holocaust and Genocide issues in Education, Transaction, New Brunswick, 2005.
A German edition was published by Der Schmerz des Wissens, Verlag Edition AV, Lich/Hessen, 2005.
Prof. Yair Auron
Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel Armenian Studies Program
Israeli academics
Israeli historians
Jewish Israeli writers
Gniezno (pronounced ) is a city in central-western Poland, about 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 70,000 people.
It is in the Greater Poland Voivodeship.
It is the administrative capital of the Gniezno County (powiat).
Gniezno is a cradle of the Polish state and until 1038 was capital of Poland.
In the 1000 here took place Gniezno Congress, meeting betwen duke Boleslaus I the Brave and Otto III, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
In Gniezno Cathedral until 14th century took place royal coronations.
Patron of Gniezno is Saint Adalbert of Prague.
The Birmingham to Peterborough Line is an important cross-country train track in the United Kingdom, making a connection from the Midlands to East Anglia.
Passenger services are given by CrossCountry and East Midlands Trains, serving the following places:
Birmingham (New Street)
Water Orton
Nuneaton (The station used to be called Nuneaton Trent Valley)
Narborough
Wigston (South Wigston)
Leicester (The station used to be called Leicester London Road)
Peterborough (The station used to be called Peterborough North)
On other tracks (Ely to Peterborough, Breckland and West Anglia) the trains keep going after Peterborough, through March and Ely to Thetford and Norwich or Wendens Ambo (Audley End) and Stansted Airport.
Many of them run to Stansted.
Services for Norwich come back out of Ely.
Other services using part of the Birmingham to Peterborough Line include Birmingham to Leicester local (close by) trains.
The tracks also have a lot of cargo on the trains, being one of the big train tracks to Birmingham Freightliner Terminal (on the site of Birmingham Lawley Street railway station).
Stations that are not there anymore
Croft railway station at Croft
Blaby railway station at Blaby
Glen Parva railway station at Glen Parva
Syston
Rearsby railway station at Rearsby
Brooksby railway station at Brooksby
Frisby railway station at Frisby
Asfordby railway station at Asfordby
Ketton
Rail transport in England
This book tells the story of Claudia Kincaid, an 11-year-old girl who feels unappreciated by her parents.
She decides to run away from home just long enough to show her family what they would be missing without her.
Unfortunately, she does not enjoy hardship or discomfort, so running away has lots of problems.
To solve this problem, Claudia decides to stay at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
She tells her brother Jamie to accompany her: he's quiet, but most importantly, he has a secret stash of cash he's gotten by cheating at card games with his best friend, Bruce.
Much of the first part of the novel details how Claudia and Jamie settle in at the museum: blending in with school groups on field trips during the day to get a free presentation, hiding in the restroom at closing time to stay there, and emerging at night to bathe in the fountain and sleep on antique beds.
During their stay, they become fascinated with the newest exhibit: a beautiful statue of an angel, thought to have been crafted by Michelangelo.
Their time and money are spent trying to find the secret of the statue, hidden somewhere in the unorganized files of the statue's old owner, Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler, who lives in Farmington, Connecticut.
She says,"You can know the secret only if you can find the truth from my mixed up files."
They find the truth under the file "Bologna".
They go home, and by their choice, Jamie and Claudia turn out to be the grandchildren of Mrs Frankweiler's lawyer, Saxonberg.
This novel was made into a movie in 1973, starring Ingrid Bergman in the title role.
It later became a made-for-TV movie in 1995, starring Lauren Bacall in the title role.
In the television series The Simpsons, the plot was mimicked in the episodes "Smart and Smarter," in which Lisa hides in a local science museum in embarrassment at finding her baby sister is smarter than she, and the episode "Last Tap Dance in Springfield" features Bart and Milhouse hiding out in the shopping mall for one week while on a camping trip.
The movie The Royal Tenenbaums has a scene in which characters Margot and Richie hide in a museum; in the movie's DVD commentary, Wes Anderson states that this was an homage to the novel, the aquarium.
E.L. Konigsburg at Houghton Mifflin Eduplace website
Newbery Medal winning books
Citizenship of the European Union was started by the Maastricht Treaty signed in 1992.
It is extra to being a citizen of one of the member countries of the European Union, and gives extra rights to nationals of European Union Member States.
Before the Maastricht Treaty (1992), the European Communities treaties allowed workers, and their families, to travel and live in any member country.
This idea started when the European Coal and Steel Community was set up by the Treaty of Paris in 1951.
This allowed workers in the coal and steel industries to move to another country for work.
In 1957, the European Economic Community was set up by the Treaty of Rome.
That treaty allowed all workers to move freely.
The European Court of Justice took a wider idea of freedom of movement.
The Court said people should be allowed to move to another country to get a better life style, not just to earn more money by working.
The law made by the European Court, the reason the reason a worker wanted to move abroad does not matter, they could start part-time and full-time work, and get extra help from the new country.
Start of EU Citizenship
The idea of EU citizenship was started by the Maastricht Treaty, and was extended by the Treaty of Amsterdam.
The Treaty of Amsterdam said that union citizenship will not replace national citizenship, but only be extra it.
Who is an EU citizen?
Article 17 (1) of the amended EC Treaty states that Citizenship of the Union is hereby established.
Every person holding the nationality of a Member State  shall be a citizen of the Union.
Citizenship of the Union shall complement and not replace national citizenship.
Rights of EU citizens
Specific rights
The right to be treated the same as citizens of the country where they live. (
Article 12);
The right to move and live anywhere in the EU, and to apply for any job.
EU citizens have the right to work for the government too, but not for some jobs in areas like defence and national security. (
Article 18);
The rights to vote or be a candidate in local and European elections in any Member State under the same conditions as the nationals of that state (Article 19);
the right to protection by the diplomatic or consular authorities of any EU country when in a non-EU Member Country, if there are no diplomatic or consular authorities from the citizen's own country (Article 20);
The right to ask for help from the European Parliament,  or from the European Ombudsman if any EU body has acted badly. (
Article 21);
The right to contact the EU bodies in one of the official languages and to get a reply in that same language (Article 21); and
The right to get European Parliament, Council and Commission documents (Article 255).
The United Kingdom is set to leave the European Union.
It is still unclear whether UK citizens will continue to enjoy EU citizenships after Brexit.
Messiah is an oratorio by George Frideric Handel.
It is Handel’s most famous work, and in England, the most often performed of any big choral work.
The title Messiah means “the anointed one” and is the name given to Jesus Christ in the Christian teaching.
Background to its composition
Georg Frideric Handel was born in Germany.
When he was a young man he came to England and he liked it so much that he soon visited England again and stayed there for the rest of his life, becoming a naturalised Englishman says the legend.
Actually he was composer for the King of Hannover, who then became King of England, and Handel followed his "employer".
The main reason why Handel liked England at that time was because the people liked his music and gave him support.
At this time Handel was known as a composer of operas.
For about 20 years Handel spent most of his time working on operas: composing them, organising performances and looking for opera singers to sing his works.
By the late 1730s, however, people’s tastes started to change and opera was not so popular.
Handel changed to writing oratorios.
Although it is thought that Handel invented the oratorio he in fact did not.
Oratorio is Italian, after the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri at Rome, where famous musical services were held in the 16th century.
Handel is just one composer of many who wrote oratorios.
His oratorios are based on the English tradition of the Masque, which was something between a play and an opera.
However, oratorios were about stories from the Old Testament.
Instead of ancient gods or Roman emperors (which is what operas were about at that time) he used dramatic stories from the Bible.
Among many great oratorios that he wrote, Messiah is his most famous one.
However, it is different from his other oratorios in some ways.
Handel composes the Messiah
The words of Messiah were written by a librettist Charles Jennens.
He chose several passages from the Bible and made a libretto, which he sent to Handel in 1741 (although people today often call the work "The Messiah”, both Handel and Jennens call it Messiah without the word “the”).
Handel immediately realized that a great work of music could be made from Jennens’ libretto.
He thought that Jennens was a very clever person, and in his letters to him he calls the work “Your Oratorio Messiah”.
Handel sat down in the front room of his house in Brook Street, London, and wrote the whole oratorio in twenty four days.
It is a long work, lasting over four hours, and when one thinks that Handel had to write out all the parts for the choir and orchestra, he must have worked unbelievably hard.
When he had finished the work, he put it in a drawer for seven weeks.
Perhaps he thought it would never be played in London, because at that time the London audiences did not seem to like him.
Handel goes to Dublin
Just at that time he got an invitation to go to Dublin.
He was asked to give a concert to get money for charity.
The main charity for which money was being raised was the debtor’s prison.
In those days people who ran into debt (meaning that they owed lots of people money but had no money to pay them) were sent to prison.
There they were fed by charity (people who fed them out of kindness).
If no one fed them they just starved to death.
Handel had nearly been sent to a debtor’s prison himself a few years earlier.
He went to Dublin as soon as he could, and he was there by November.
On 23 December, he performed his oratorio L’Allegro.
Unlike the London audiences, people in Dublin loved it.
This was followed by Alexander’s Feast, Imeneo and, in April, Messiah.
He was a very great success in Dublin, and he stayed there until August, when he returned to London.
Messiah tells the story of Christ.
Part One tells of the coming and the birth of Christ.
Part Two is about his death on the cross, and his Ascension into Heaven, and Part III concentrates on Paul's teaching of the resurrection of the dead and Christ's glorification in heaven.
Handel usually performed his oratorios in theatres, not in churches, and his audience went as a change from going to the opera.
They did not go for religious worship.
Handel’s oratorios are normally dramatic, with the four solo singers (soprano, alto, tenor and bass) each taking the part of a character from the Bible.
Messiah is different.
The soloists sing about the story of Christ.
The great choruses, where the choir sings, praise the Lord in the wonderful music.
Some of the music is homophonic (e.g. the Hallelujah chorus), some of the choruses are dramatic dialogues (e.g. Lift up your heads), or they are a fugue (He trusted in God and Amen), or they describe things dramatically (All we like sheep).
The Hallelujah Chorus
The most well known of all the movements in Messiah is the one popularly known as the "Hallelujah Chorus," because of the frequently sung exclamation “Hallelujah”.
It occurs at the end of the Part Two of the oratorio.'
There is a well-known but apocryphal story of King George II attending a royal performance of Messiah and supposedly rising to his feet during the "Hallelujah Chorus."
Whenever the king stood up, everyone in his presence had to stand, hence the whole audience rose to their feet as well.
However, this story does not appear to be based on any historical source.
Major General John Joseph Murray DSO & Bar, MC (born 26 April 1892 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, died 8 September 1951 in Sydney, New South Wales) was an Australian Army Officer and businessman with a special role in both world wars.
During World War I, he was mentioned in despatches  and got got medals while fighting on the Western Front in France.
In World War II and he was made commander of the 20th Brigade that helped beat Erwin Rommell's Afrika Korps in Libya.
Murray was born on born 26 April 1892 in Sydney, New South Wales.
His father was working man from Ireland.
His father was also called John Murray and his mother was called Margaret.
When he left the local Catholic school John Murray started training as a salesman for Sydney firm Anthony Hordern & Sons in 1910.
He then joined the Australian Citizens Military Forces where he served two years before joining the 33rd Regiment in 1913.
John Murray was already in the Australian Army when World War I started on 28 July 1914.
He was quickly (fast) made a Second Lieutenant on 6 March 1915.
When he started being Second Lieutenant, Murray was moved to the Australian Imperial Force, and went by ship to Egypt.
After being posted to the 1st Battalion at first, in March, 1916 he was moved to the 53rd Battalion, which was part of the 5th Division, when the Australian Imperial Force was helped by new soldiers from Australia.
The 5th Division was soon moved from Egypt to France where they were put into the hard fighting of the Western Front.
By 19 July 1916 Murray's 53rd Battalion were in the first fighting by the Australian Imperial Force on the Western Front.
It was the Battle of Fromelles.
5,533 Australian soldiers were killed, wounded or taken prisoner, because the fighting plan went wrong.
The Australian War Memorial sayss the fighting was "the worst 24 hours in Australia's entire history"
John Murray became a Major in June 1917 and was soon known for his very good leadership and very brave night raiding (crossing at night into enemy trenches).
In September 1918 during the very hard fighting of the Second Battle of the Somme, Murray's good leadership was mentioned again, and after fights near Peronne, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order.
Murray was still fighting on the Western Front when peace started 11 November 1918.
Having been awarded the Military Cross and Distinguished Service Order, and also having twice being told of in dispatches he went back home to Australia in May, 1919.
By 25 August 1919 the all of the men in the Australian Imperial Force had been sent home.
Murray was happy to go back to his job at Anthony Hordern & Sons in Sydney, but he did not want to stop being a soldier, and he joined the Australian Citizens Military Forces.
By 1925 Murray became a of Lieutenant-Colonel.
From 1934 to 1938 Murray was the Commanding Officer of the Australian Army Service Corps, 1st Division.
With war coming again, John Murray was given the command of the 9th Infantry brigade, and they got ready to move for war in February, 1940.
He was chosen for the Second Australian Imperial Force in April 1940 and was given command of the 20th Brigade which went by ship to the Middle East in October 1940 to begin training in Palestine.
Murrays brigade was made a part of the 9th Division.
Even though the troops were not ready to fight, the 9th Division was sent to Libya to help the 6th Division win Tobruk.
On 4 April 1941, the Afrika Korps starting fighting Murray's 20th Brigade.
The Australians slowed down Rommell's forces, but there were so many Germans they could not be forced back.
Murray and his troops moved into Tobruk itself.
For his leadership, John Murray was granted a bar to his Distinguished Service Order (the bar is given instead of a second medal).
Murray's knowledge of Trench warfare and night-raiding was very helpful to the defenders during the Siege of Tobruk.
In November 1941, Murray was mentioned in dispatches for the third time in his career for his excellent resistance to Rommell.
Battle for Australia
Murray returned to Australia in January 1942, just as the Japan was fighting south towards New Guinea.
Instead of the recruiting job he expected, Murray was put in charge of the Newcastle Covering Force, and immediately promoted him to temporary Major-General.
Post War
John Murray was made Australian trade commissioner to New Zealand from 1946 until 1949 and then the same role for Ceylon in 1949.
General John Murray died on 8 September 1951 at the Military Hospital, Concord, Sydney.
He received a funeral with full military honours, and was buried in French's Forest Cemetery.
His wife, three sons and two daughters survived him.
Dippoldiswalde is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.
It was the capital city of the Weißeritzkreis district.
Today, Dippoldiswalde is a city in Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge Rural District.
It is  east of Freiberg, and  south of Dresden.
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge Rural District
Großenhain was originally a Sorbian settlement.
It was first mentioned in 1205.
Karl Benjamin Preusker (1786-1871): Founder of the first public library in Germany (1828)
Manfred von Richthofen (1892-1918): German fighter pilot known as The Red Baron, was trained at the local airport
Corinna Harfouch (*1954): German actress, spent her childhood in Großenhain
Heino (*1938): German schlager artist, spent his childhood in Großenhain
Meißen Rural District
Meißen (, Latin: Misnia, Misena) is a town of about 30,000 near Dresden on both banks of the Elbe in the Free State of Saxony, in eastern Germany.
Meißen is the home of Meißen porcelain.
Meißen is the capital city of Meißen Rural District
Meißen is famous for the manufacture of porcelain.
This is because there are big local deposits of china clay (kaolin) and potter's clay (potter's earth).
Meißen porcelain was the first high quality porcelain to be produced outside of China.
The first European porcelain was made in Meißen in 1710, when the Royal Porcelain Factory was opened in the Albrechtsburg.
In 1861, it was moved to the Triebisch valley of Meißen, where the Meißen porcelain factory can still be found today.
St. Benno (1010-1106), Bishop of Meißen
Heinrich Frauenlob (died 1318), poet
Johann Klaj (1616-1656), poet
Johann Elias Schlegel (1719-1749), critic and poet
Johann Adolf Schlegel (1721-1793), poet and clergyman
Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), physician
Karl G. Maeser (1828-1901), Mormon academic
Ralf Schumann (born 1962), Olympic shooter
Missingsch
List of Margraves of Meißen
Rulers of Saxony
Giga-Catholic
Meissen Porcelain
History of Meissen Porcelain Works
Further information on Tourism
Webcam Meissen
The Best Damn Thing is an album and hit song by musical artist Avril Lavigne.
It was released April 17, 2007.
The lead single off the album, "Girlfriend" was released on February 27, 2007.
The song was very successful and peaked in a lot of countries #1.
This was Lavigne's first Billboard Hot 100 chart number one.
The second single, "When You're Gone" was released on June 19, 2007.
The song was quite successful, peaking at #3 on the UK Singles Chart.
The third single, "Hot" was released on October 2, 2007.
The song was unsuccessful in the U.S, it debuted two months after its release on the Billboard Hot 100 at #95.
But the song was successful in Canada, it peaked at #10 on the Canadian Hot 100.
The fourth and final single from the album was "The Best Damn Thing".
It was released on June 24, 2008.
The single was not very successful, it peaked at #76 on the Canadian Hot 100.
The Best Damn Thing sold 6 million copies worldwide.
Original / Deluxe Edition
"Girlfriend" (Avril Lavigne, Lukasz Gottwald) 3:37
"I Can Do Better" (Lavigne, Gottwald) 3:17
"Runaway" (Lavigne, Gottwald, Kara DioGuardi) 3:48
"The Best Damn Thing" (Lavigne, Butch Walker) 3:10
"When You're Gone" (Lavigne, Walker) 4:00
"Everything Back But You" (Lavigne, Walker) 3:03
"Hot" (Lavigne, Evan Taubenfeld) 3:23
"Innocence" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) 3:53
"I Don't Have to Try" (Lavigne, Gottwald) 3:17
"One of Those Girls" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) 2:56
"Contagious" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) 2:10
"Keep Holding On" (Lavigne, Gottwald) 4:00
Deluxe Edition Bonus DVD
"The Making of The Best Damn Thing"
"Photo Gallery"
"Girlfriend" (explicit) 3:37
"I Can Do Better" (explicit) 3:17
"Runaway" 3:48
"The Best Damn Thing" 3:10
"When You're Gone" 4:00
"Everything Back But You" (explicit) 3:03
"Hot" 3:23
"Innocence" 3:53
"I Don't Have to Try" (explicit) 3:17
"One of Those Girls" 2:56
"Contagious" 2:10
"Keep Holding On" 4:00
"Alone"1 (Avril Lavigne, Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin) 3:14
"I Will Be" (Avril Lavigne, Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin) 4:00
"I Can Do Better" (acoustic version) (explicit) 3:40
"Girlfriend" (The Submarines' Time Warp '66 mix) (explicit) 3:11
"Girlfriend (Dr. Luke Remix)" (featuring Lil Mama) (A. Lavigne, L. Gottwald, Niatia Kirkland) 3:25
"Everything Back But You" 3:02
"Girlfriend" 3:39
"Hot" 3:22
"When You're Gone" 3:57
"Girlfriend" 3:48
"When You're Gone" 4:01
"Girlfriend (Dr. Luke Remix feat.
Lil Mama)" 3:25
1 Also available on Girlfriend single.
Avril Lavigne albums
The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants is a series of books by Ann Brashares.
It is about a group of girls named Bridget (the leader), Lena Kigales (the shy and beautiful), Carmen (the dramatic one), and Tibby (the rebellious girl).
These girls find a pair of pants that fit all four of them, though one girl is fat, one girl is short and one girl is super thin.
There are 4 books in the series.
It was made into a film in 2005.
Complicated was the first and perhaps the most popular song sung by Avril Lavigne.
It was released in 2002.
It was on her album Let Go.
Other songs on the same CD single are "I Don't Give" and additional "Why"  on maxi-cds.
It was at one point #1 in the charts in Canada, UK, Australia and the US.
She was 17 when she sang it and she and her band wrote it together.
A navel piercing is type of piercing to the bellybutton.
It is the second most popular piercing, next to ear piercing.
It is considered a form of body art.
There can be multiple piercings and it is possible to change rings, depending on how you pierce it.
The Brazilian Flag is the flag of Brazil.
It is the flag that has gone through the most changes and the current flag was made and used in May of 1992, and still use it today.
Procyon (α Canis Minoris),
Canis Major, with the largest star depicting Sirius,
Canopus (α Carinae),
Spica (α Virginis)
Sigma Octantis (σ Octantis; south pole star)
Scorpius, with the largest star depicting Antares
From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler is a 1995 television movie based on E.L. Konigsburg's novel From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler.
The story is about a girl and her brother who run away from home to live in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art and find what they think is a lost treasure.
The children, Claudia and Jamie, are amazed with the treasure and would not leave without knowing what its secret is.
Lauren Bacall stars in the title role.
Before this movie, the book was made into a 1973 feature movie starring Ingrid Bergman, later released on home video as The Hideaways.
Lauren Bacall as Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
Jean Marie Barnwell as Claudia Eleanor Kincaid
Jesse Lee Soffer as James Lincoln "Jamie" Kincaid
Miriam Flynn as Evelyn Kincaid
Mark L. Taylor as Ralph Kincaid
M. Emmet Walsh as Morris
Devon Gummersall as Steve Kincaid
Del Hunter-White as Cora
Warren Munson as Mr. Jordan
Everett Wong as Bruce
Tim Haldeman as Herbert
El Konigsburg as Sarah
624 Hektor is the biggest of the Jovian Trojan asteroids.
It was found in 1907 by August Kopff.
It lies in Jupiter's leading Lagrangian point, L4, called the 'Greek' node after one of the two sides in the legendary Trojan War.
Ironically, Hektor is named after the Trojan hero Hektor, and is thus one of two Trojan asteroids that is "misplaced" in the wrong camp (the other being 617 Patroclus in the Trojan node).
Hektor is one of the most stretched bodies of its size in the solar system, being 370 × 200 km.
It is thought that Hektor might be a contact binary (two asteroids joined by gravitational attraction) like 216 Kleopatra.
Hubble Space Telescope sightings of Hektor in 1993 did not show an obvious stretched shape because of a limited angular resolution.
On July 17, 2006, the Keck-10m II telescope and its Laser guide star Adaptive Optics (AO) system indicated a stretched shape for Hektor.
Additionally, since this AO system provides an excellent and stable correction (angular resolution of 0.060 arcsec in K band), a 15-km moon at 1000 km from Hektor was found.
The moon's provisional designation is S/2006 (624) 1.
Hektor is, so far, the only known binary Trojan asteroid in the L4 point and the first Trojan with a moon.
617 Patroclus, another big Trojan asteroid in the L5, is made of two same-sized asteroids.
The Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards or simply Golden Horse is a movie festival and awards ceremony held annually in Taiwan.
The ceremony usually takes place in November or December in Taipei.
The awards, contested by movies submitted from Taiwan, Hong Kong, China and elsewhere, are generally held to be the most prestigious for Chinese language movies outside the People's Republic of China.
The awards ceremony is held after the month-long movie festival, which showcases some of the nominated movies for the awards.
Winners are selected by a jury of judges during the week before the ceremony is held.
Winners are awarded with a golden horse statuette.
Under current rules and regulations, every movie made primarily in any dialect of Chinese language is eligible for competition.
Since 1996, almost any artist or movie from mainland China was allowed to enter the movie  festival.
金馬獎官方網站 Golden Horse Official Website
The 42nd Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards
Cri.
Golden Horse 2005
Golden Horse 2004
Festivals in Asia
The Golden Melody Awards () or sometimes shorted to just Golden Melody are music awards annually presented in Taiwan.
The Awards began in 1990.
Categories for Awards
Best Feature Film
Best Short Film
Best Leading Actress
Best New Performer
Official website at the Government Information Office
Ella Koon, real name Ianna Koon, is a Chinese singer, actress and model.
She was born in Tahiti, French Polynesia, and was raised in Hong Kong, where she is currently based.
After finishing high school in Birmingham, England, she began her career as a model in 2000.
She debuted into the film industry in the romance movie I Do.
In 2004, she started her singing career and released her debut Original (album).
In early 2005, She participated in the TVB show Hotel Situation.
Her second album Ellacadabra was released in late 2005.
In mid-2005, Koon starred in the TVB's series Revolving Doors of Vengeance (酒店風雲), making her a well-known actress as well.
She also starred in Survivor's Law II in 2007.
Original (2004)
Ellacadabra (2005)
Lose Sanity: 失常 (2006)
Stages (2008)
Being (2010)
Take a Shine To... (2011)
Ella's Official Blog
Takungpao.com
Ella in Pinkwork City (when she was a newcomer)
Ella Interview with Sound & Video
Survivor's Law II is a Chinese TV drama series.
It aired in Hong Kong starting 24 December 2007 and ending 18 January 2008.
It is the sequel to the 2003 series Survivor's Law.
However, three members of the original cast did not appear in this sequel due.
Plot synopsis
MK Sun (real name Sun Man Kwan) was a teenager who once stopped a drug smuggler, but then was wrongly accused of being the one taking drugs.
Despite his background, he hired a famous lawyer to help him and not surprisingly, he won.
The lawyer, named Brandon, became his idol, and MK Sun grew up to be a lawyer.
Years later, MK was trying to get a job in his idol's company, T&B. He beats Brandon's wife, Brenda in a case, and started working there.
There he meets a stubborn, rich, and spoiled girl named Lily, who only cares about her self and appearnace.
They became enemies because of each other's backgrounds and attitudes.
MK then meets Vincent.
Vincent thought of MK as ghetto, but soon realizes he was wrong.
After having a fight with him in soccer, Vincent punched the umpire but MK Sun took the blame.
Soon, they become friends.
After splitting with his former girlfriend Jessica, Vincent falls in love with a coffee shop girl called Choi Yuk.
Vincent had his license for being a lawyer taken away for three years and could not get his license back yet.
After getting a chance to work again and start a new refreshing career, he started only caring for himself.
He was so determined that he went against Choi Yuk and her family, and even MK.
Choi Yuk thought he betrayed them and only cared about himself so she ended the relationship.
Soon, Choi Yuk gets into hospital after taking a beating in the head by someone and falling into a coma, and gives birth to a baby boy Jophy.
Vincent then gets hit in the head when Choi Yuk wakes up and loses his memory.
However, to prevent Choi Yuk from despairing too much from not remembering her and Jophy, he proposes and they get married.
Vincent never regains his memory and ends up working in the shop with Choi Yuk.
MK and Lily share a happy and playful relationship.
Kenneth Ma as MK Sun (Sun Man Kwan)
Sammul Chan as Vincent Cheuk (Cheuk Wai Ming)
Ella Koon as Lily Suen (Suen Lei Lei)
Selena Li as Chang Choi Yuk
Waise Lee as Brandon
Rebecca Chan as Brenda
Kwok Fung as Suen Bak To
Queenie Chu as Noel Kan Ming Wei
June Chan as Lai Na
Power Chan as Sun Man Kam
Yoyo Chen as Stephy
Sharon Luk as Vice Principal
Bernice Liu as Jessica
Week 1 (Episodes 1-5): 26 points
Week 2 (Episodes 6-9): 29 points, peaking at 31 points
Week 3 (Episodes 10-15): 31 points
Week 4 (Episodes 16-20): 31 points, peaking at 37 points
K for TVB Synopsis and Screenpcaptures
Younha made her debut at the age of sixteen.
Nicknamed the "Oricon comet" for her success in Japan, she has currently released eight singles and one album in that country with varying degrees of success.
Also, many of her songs have been featured in TV shows.
Younha was signed to Epic Records, a branch of Sony Music Entertainment Japan, from 2004 to 2008.
She then moved to Sistus Records, a Geneon Entertainment label.
In South Korea, she is signed to Lion Media and Stam Entertainment.
Born in South Korea to musical parents, Younha began to play the piano at the age of 4.
She developed an interest in Japanese drama shows and began to teach herself Japanese.
Before long, she was skilled enough to translate to her school friends what happened on recent Japanese TV episodes.
What began as an interest in Japanese dramas developed into an interest in Japanese music.
At the recommendation of an older student in her school's broadcasting club, she listened to such artists such as Utada Hikaru and Misia.
Younha began to dream about debuting as a singer alongside her favorite artists.
2004 - 2005: Early Career & Moderate Success
ゆびきり(Yubikiri) Era
In order to seek her dreams, she began to try out in auditions within Korea.
She claimed that she went through as many as 20 auditions.
She also commented in her interview that certain companies refused to sign her to their labels because they believed she was not "pretty" enough, although she sang very well.
Her mother also discouraged her dream and even locked her bedroom door to prevent Younha from leaving the house.
Younha, however, climbed out the window and made it to the audition.
At one audition, she made an overwhelming impression and signed a contract with a Korean company.
Soon after, Younha's voice was heard by a company in Japan.
In order to make her childhood dream of debuting in Japan come true, Younha underwent recording while going back and forth between Korea and Japan.
Quickly, Younha's Japanese skills advanced so much that she surprised even the staff around her.
After a TV drama producer heard her demo tape, her song Yubikiri was chosen as the insert song for the Fuji TV Monday drama show Tokyo Wankei ~Destiny of Love~. In October of that same year, she debuted with her official first single Yubikiri.
Houkiboshi to Go!
Younha Era
Younha's second single Houkiboshi was used as an ending song for the popular anime show BLEACH.
It became a hit - debuting on the Oricon chart at #18, it peaked at #12 and propelled Younha into the limelight.
With this single, she became only the second Korean, after BoA, to have broken the Oricon chart's top 20.
Between "Touch / Yume no Tsuzuki" and "Houki Boshi", she released "Motto Futari de".
It flopped massively, only reaching #117 on the Oricon Charts possibly due to a lack of promotion.
Her later single, Touch / Yume no Tsuzuki, first charted at the #15, with the tie-in and went as high as #11.
After releasing five singles, Younha released her first album entitled Go!
Younha.
It reached the #10 spot on the Oricon weekly charts.
2006: Later Struggles and Korean Debut
Tewo Tsunaide to Hakanaku Tsuyoku Era
My Lover was a re-cut single from Go!
Younha, her debut album, and was re-cut because it was the theme to the Bleach GC: Tasogare Ni Mamieru Shini Kami.
It was limited to 70,000 copies and flopped, selling only about 2,000 copies, ranking at #58.
Because of the limited print, however, it has become extremely valuable and rare to the fans.
Younha was also chosen to sing the ending theme to the anime Jyu Oh Sei.
Tewo Tsunaide only did slightly better than My Lover, peaking at #50.
Younha began to compose her own music.
The song Kaerimichi released on My Lover is the first song released for which she wrote the lyrics and composed the music for.
In addition, she composed the music for the song homegirl, the B-side released on Te wo Tsunaide.
Imaga Daisuki was released, with more live performances than Te wo Tsunaide, and a tie-in.
It seemed that Younha has a bigger budget on this single.
It did significantly worse, as her second worst ranking single, at #71.
Imaga Daisuki was also used as an opening song for the animation Jang Geum's Dream while the b-track Inori was used for the animation's ending song.
Younha released a digital Korean single titled Audition.
The single includes Audition (Time 2 Rock) and Waiting (기다리다).
Although it was released as a digital single, very limited hard copies of the single were available as well.
Many performances for this song were shown on Korean TV, unusual for Younha as her last appearance on TV was with her single Touch.
Much promotion occurred for this single and it helped for a long charting life for Audition, lasting well over 3 months in all the Korean charts.
She stayed in Korea during this release, as well as January.
Younha was once again chosen to be an anime theme singer for Kiba.
The song Hakanaku Tsuyoku was used as the second opening for the show.
The single was released on 17 January 2007.
This single, unlike her other singles, has only 3 tracks.
Surprisingly, this single appeared on the Top 20 Daily Charts for exactly one day, at #16.
The Weekly rank was at an above-average #36, but sales were only slightly better.
This single did not have a PV because Younha was in Korea during the month before and most likely January as well.
2007: Great Success in Korea & A Possible Return to Japan
고백하기 좋은 날 (The Perfect Day to Say I Love You) Era
Exactly two months after "Hakanaku Tsuyoku", Younha went back to her home country to release her first Korean Album entitled 고백하기 좋은 날 (Go Baek Ha Gi Jo Eun Nal, translated "The Perfect Day to Say I Love You" or literally translated "Good Day to Confess").
She recorded a MV for the third track "비밀번호 486" (Bi Mil Bun Ho 486, translated "Password 486") which stars fellow Stam artist Yoon Ji Hoo.
The video featured many image changes for Younha which include her first ever kiss.
The album also features a collaboration with Wheesung.
With the single welcomed well into the market, Younha proceeded to release her Korean debut album.
The album received excellent success, peaking at #1 on the charts.
The first song to be promoted from the album was 비밀번호 486 (Bi Mil Bun Ho 486, translated "Password 486").
She won the SBS Inkigayo Mutizen award twice for Secret Number 486.
This song was also well received by the Korean audience.
The second song to be promoted from this album was 연애조건 (Yeonae Jogeon, translated "Love Condition").
Younha Vol.
1.5 Album
With Younha's success rising, she released a new version of Go!
Younha, all re-recorded in Korean.
The album, with tracklist changes, is now called 혜성 (Comet), and was released on October 23.
2008: Return To Japan and Future Plans for 2008
On January 18th, Younha left Korea to continue her music career in Japan.
She is expecting to release a new Japanese Album/Music Video DVD, "SONGS-Teen's Collection. "
This Collection is expected to include all of her music videos so far, plus a 32 page photobook, in the limited edition of the disk.
The release date of this album is March 26th, and on-line Music Shops already have started getting pre-orders.
For information about pre-ordering, contact http://www.jkm.co.kr or http://www.leesmusic.co.kr/ (both Korean)
Younha sang the song Boku wa Koko ni Iru on the tribute album to Masayoshi Yamazaki, "One More Time, One More Track". (
12.21.05)
Younha was selected as one of 14 female artists to perform in the omnibus album "14 Princess ~Princess Princess Children~", a collection of the most famous songs by the top girls band Princess Princess of late 80's and early 90's.
Younha performed the song Diamonds, which was the number 1 seller of the year 1989 in Japan. (
03.08.06)
Japanese Singles
Korean Singles
Japanese Albums
Korean Albums
Younha Official Website in Korea  (Korean language)
Younha Official Website in Japan  (Japanese language)
People from Seoul
The word Benedictine usually refers to a follower of the Order of Saint Benedict.
These people usually lead a life in an abbey.
They follow the rule of Benedict of Nursia.
Benedict lived in the 6th century.
He made some rules, called the Rule of St Benedict these people follow.
The rules can be summed up by pax (peace) and ora et labora (pray and work).
Most Benedictines see themselves as part of the Catholic Church.
Some can also be found in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Church.
Officially, the order is known as Ordo Sancti Benedicti (OSB).
The word Franciscan refers to followers of one of the religious orders that follow the Rule of St Francis.
Saint Francis of Assisi lived in the 13th century.
Franciscans usually lead simple lives without much money.
Today, there are three main branches of these orders.
They mostly see themselves as part of the Roman Catholic or Anglican Church.
There are also small communities in the Old Catholic and Protestant Church.
cs:Řád menších bratří
The term Cistercian is used to refer to an order of Roman Catholic monks.
Officially the order is called Ordo Cisterciensis (OCist), or Sacer Ordo Cisterciensis (SOC).
These people follow the same rules as the Benedictines, that is to say those of St Benedict.
Over time, the Benedictines made some changes to the rules and the way of life.
The Cistercians reject these.
They went back to what St Benedict had taught.
Sometimes their rules were more strict than those St Benedict had given.
They also went back to manual labour, especially work in the fields.
Because of this, the Cistercians helped spread technologies around Medieval Europe.
In 1882 certain monasteries formed a new order, called the Trappists.
With time, they split completely from the Cistercians.
Roman Catholic religious orders
James Mercer Langston Hughes (February 1, 1901 – May 22, 1967) was an American poet, novelist, playwright and short story writer.
Hughes was one of the writers and artists whose work was called the Harlem Renaissance.
Hughes grew up as a poor boy from Missouri, the descendant of African people who had been taken to America as slaves.
At that time, the term used for African-Americans was "negro" which means a person with black skin.
Most "negroes" did not remember or think about their link with the people of Africa, even though it was a big influence on their culture and, in particular, their music.
Hughes was unusual for his time, because he went back to West Africa to understand more about his own culture.
Through his poetry, plays, and stories, Hughes helped other black Americans to see themselves as part of a much bigger group of people, so that now the term "African-American" is used with pride.
Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri.
His parents were James Hughes and Carrie Langston Hughes who was a teacher.
Langston's father, James Hughes, was so upset about the racism towards African-Americans that he left his family and moved to Mexico.
During his childhood, Hughes was cared for by his grandmother, in Lawrence, Kansas while his mother worked to support the family.
Langston's grandmother was a great story teller.
She told stories that made him feel proud to be an African-American.
After his grandmother died, Hughes and his mother moved about 12 times until settling in Cleveland, and then, as a teenager went to live in Lincoln, Illinois with his mother, who had remarried.
He was often left alone because his mother was at work.