the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Least concern species
Kalasha, also spelled as Kalash (Sanskrit: , kalaśa; literally "pitcher, pot"), is a metal (brass, copper, silver or gold) pot with a large base and small mouth, large enough to hold a coconut.
Sometimes "Kalasha" can mean a pot filled with water and topped with a coronet of mango leaves and a coconut.
This combination is often used in Hindu rites.
is a first person rail shooter made by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 game console.
It is about a Pokémon photographer who has to take pictures of all the Pokémon on an island.
It only features about 63 of the 151 Pokémon that existed at the time the game was made.
Players could take their pictures to either Blockbuster (in North America) or Lawson (in Japan) to have them printed.
The game was released for the Wii's Virtual Console service in 2007.
Players can send pictures taken in the game to the Wii's Message Board and share them with friends.
Pokémon Channel, released in Japan as , is a virtual pet/puzzle video game made by Ambrella and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube game console.
The Big Mac is a kind of sandwich sold at the fast food-chain McDonald's.
It is 550 calories, and is made using two beef patties, Big Mac Sauce, dehydrated onions, shredded lettuce, sliced pickles, and a slice of cheese.
Also, the Big Mac Index is measured in how much a Big Mac costs in foreign currencies.
The Big Mac was created by Jim Delligatti, one of Ray Kroc's earliest franchisees, who was the owner of some restaurants in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area.
It was designed to compete with a similar Big Boy sandwich.
Customer response to the Big Mac was so good that it was begun to be made nationally in 1967.
One of its well-known and unique features is a middle slice of bread ("club" layer) used to make sure the contents do not move about and to prevent spills.
Big Mac at mcdonalds.com
Canadian Website
Jesse Donald Knotts (July 21, 1924 – February 24, 2006) was an American actor.
He played Deputy Barney Fife in the 1950s sitcom television series The Andy Griffith Show.
He left the show after its fifth season to act in movies.
Two of his movies are The Incredible Mr. Limpet and The Apple Dumpling Gang.
He died from lung cancer-related pneumonia.
Stormbreaker is a 2005 British movie based on the Anthony Horowitz novel Stormbreaker, part of the Alex Rider series of books.
There are some changes from the novel.
For example, the main bad guy, Sayle, is changed from Lebanese to American, since the actor picked did not have a Lebanese accent.
2010s spy movies
British spy movies
In music, a serenade (or sometimes serenata) is a song or piece of music which is sung or played in someone’s honour.
The word comes from the Latin "serenare" meaning: "to make calm".
In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a serenade was usually a song which was sung by a lover underneath the window of his sweetheart in a country such as Spain.
The lover may accompany himself on a guitar.
This kind of serenade is often seen in operas, e.g. Mozart’s Don Giovanni .
There is also a verb: to serenade, e.g. “the lover was serenading his sweetheart”.
In the Baroque period a serenade was a type of cantata performed outdoors, in the evening, with singers and various musical instrumentas.
Composers who wrote this kind of serenade include Alessandro Stradella and Alessandro Scarlatti.
In the Classical music period the serenade became a piece of music for a small orchestra or a group of several instruments.
They are similar to a symphony but lighter in character.
They are often the same as a divertimento.
Mozart wrote several serenades of this type, e.g. his famous Eine kleine Nachtmusik.
Later composers such as Brahms also wrote orchestral serenades.
Other Romantic composers often wrote short instrumental works which they called “serenades”.
A divertimento is a piece of music which is lighthearted and easy to listen to.
It is often performed on social occasions, e.g. as music to be played while people eat, or as after-dinner music.
The divertimento became popular in the 18th century.
They were played by a small group of instruments.
Mozart wrote several pieces called "divertimento".
They are similar to a serenade.
A divertimento often has several movements, e.g. six, seven or more.
There are a few examples from the 20th century of pieces called "divertimento", e.g. works by including works by Ferruccio Busoni, Béla Bartók, and Igor Stravinsky (from his ballet Le Baiser de la Fée).
Freemasonry is an organization of people who believe in brotherhood and helping others.
Its members are known as "Freemasons" (in full: "Ancient Free and Accepted Masons", or simply "Masons").
Freemasons also help one another in times of hardship.
Freemasonry can be found all over the world in various forms.
About 6 million people are Freemasons.
The local groups in various countries are known as "lodges".
At the State or National level are "Grand Lodges".
These are independent of each other. "
Regular" Freemasonry is only for men, but there are also co-ed Masonic lodges (and lodges for only Women) that are not recognized as legitimate by the "regular" groups.
All of these lodges believe in "brotherly love, relief and truth".
They do work for charities such as running schools for orphaned children.
There is a Royal Masonic Hospital which is a home for old members and their families.
The word mason means a construction worker who works with stone.
He is also called a "stonemason".
Freemasonry grew from the groups (guilds) of stonemasons in the Middle Ages.
These men were building cathedrals and other big buildings.
They were called freemasons because they were free, they were not servants who belonged to a rich lord, like many workers were in those days.
They often changed jobs and moved from one town to another.
In this way they were different from other craftsmen who often worked in one place and had guilds in one town.
The stonemasons tried to keep their skills secret so only they knew how to do their job.
This is probably why the Freemasons have hand shakes and passwords that they swear to keep secret.
About 1650, Masons' guilds started to let people who were not masons into their guilds.
In 1717, the first Grand Lodge (the Grand Lodge of England) was formed.
It developed into the governing body of Freemasonry in England.
In 1813, it merged with a rival and is now called the United Grand Lodge of England.
Freemasonry is controversial and has been opposed.
The Anti-Masonic Party (1827-34) was important in early American politics.
The Catholic Church opposes Freemasonry, although Freemasonry itself does not block Catholics.
Political authorities also sometimes oppose it.
Nazi Germany and Eastern Bloc nations outlawed freemasonry.
Australian Music Online is a website about music in Australia.
It started in March 2003, but the people who looked after it, the Australian Government, stopped working on it on 31 March 2007.
Australian Music Online homepage
Die Entführung aus dem Serail (in English: The Abduction from the Seraglio) is an opera with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
It is an example of a Singspiel: a type of German opera which had spoken dialogue as well as singing, and was often about magical stories.
Mozart's opera The Magic Flute is also a Singspiel.
The German libretto is by Christoph Friedrich Bretzner and was changed a bit, without Bretzner’s permission, by Gottlieb Stephanie.
The story is about the hero Belmonte, helped by his servant Pedrillo, who tries to rescue his beloved Konstanze from the seraglio (palace) of the Pasha Selim.
The opera was first performed by the Nationalsingspiel ("national Singspiel") which was sponsored by the Austrian emperor Joseph II.
Mozart arrived in Vienna in 1781 and was looking for an opportunity to get a commission for an opera.
He showed one his operas (Zaide) to the manager of the Nationalsingspiel.
He was impressed and asked Mozart to write an opera for the company.
The work is lighthearted and meant to be funny.
Some of the characters in the story are Turkish.
Turkish stories and music were very popular at that time in Europe, and Mozart writes some Turkish music (or what Europeans thought was Turkish music) in this opera.
Some of the arias are very difficult to sing, especially the long "Martern aller Arten" ("Tortures of all kinds") sung by Konstanze, which is like a concerto movement.
She is accompanied in this aria by an orchestra and four solo instruments.
The opera was a huge success and earned Mozart a good sum of money.
However, he was not paid properly for later performances, so it did not make him rich.
The singers perform with a Classical orchestra, to which are added instruments needed for "Turkish" music: bass drum, cymbals, triangle, and piccolo.
The main orchestra has pairs of flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, trumpets, a set of two timpani, and strings.
In the aria, "Sorrow has become my lot", there is also a basset horn.
Place: the country house of the Pasha (German "Bassa"), somewhere along the Mediterranean coast
Time: 18th century
Konstanze, and her English servant Blondchen have been captured by pirates who sold them to the Turk, Pasha Selim.
Belmonte goes to rescue her.
Osmin, the Pasha's servant, comes to pluck figs in the garden and takes no notice of Belmonte who tries to get news about his servant, Pedrillo.
Osmin is angry.
After he leaves, Belmonte meets Pedrillo and they decide to rescue Konstanze.
Selim appears with Konstanze.
He wants her to love her, but she doesn’t.
Pedrillo suggests to the Pasha that he should employ Belmonte as builder, but Osmin does not let him come into the palace.
Osmin tries roughly to make love to Blondchen.
After a duet Osmin departs.
Konstanze greets Blondchen in distress and tells her that Selim wants her love and is threatening to use force.
When she has gone, Pedrillo comes to Blondchen, who is his sweetheart, and tells her that Belmonte is near and plans are ready for a rescue attempt.
Blondchen is very happy.
Pedrillo invites Osmin to drink.
Osmin gets drunk and Belmonte gets him out of the way so that Belmonte again sees his beloved Konstanze.
Belmonte and Pedrillo come to the garden with ladders.
Belmonte manages to snatch Konstanze away, but when Pedrillo is about to escape with Blondchen, they are caught by Osmin, and Belmonte and Konstanze are also brought back by the guard.
Belmonte asks the Pasha not to kill them.
He says that his father is a rich Spanish governor who will pay a lot of money so that they are freed.
Selim Pasha says to Belmonte that he is the son of his greatest enemy, so he is delighted to have caught him.
However, the Pasha then becomes kind and decides to forgive them and set them free.
Osmin is not happy about this.
He would have loved to see them executed.
The Clydesdale Bank is a Scottish bank.
Its headquarters are based in Glasgow, Scotland.
It is currently the sponsor of the Scottish Premier League (now known as the Clydesdale Bank Premier League).
Banks of Scotland
1838 establishments in the United Kingdom
War of the Worlds is a 2005 movie that has Tom Cruise and Dakota Fanning as the main people.
It was directed by Steven Spielberg.
It is based on the H. G. Wells novel The War of the Worlds.
Ray Ferrier's home town in New Jersey is attacked by alien tripods that were buried underneath the ground.
He is then forced to flee the city with his two children and make it to Boston where his ex-wife is located.
Movies set in Boston, Massachusetts
The Bank of Scotland is a Scottish bank.
Its headquarters are based in Edinburgh, Scotland.
The company was previously the sponsor of the Scottish Premier League.
1695 establishments
1690s establishments in Europe
Willem II (football club) managers
Germany's Next Topmodel (also known as GNTM) is a television show hosted by supermodel Heidi Klum.
The first cycle (season) was in 2006.
The 8th cycle finished showing in May 2013.
A group of girls are chosen to live together for a few weeks and compete to become Germany's Next Topmodel.
Each week, one girl is asked to leave because she is not good enough to stay in the competition and become a top model.
The last three/four girls are in the finale.
The winner is then chosen with help of the group of judges.
There have been 8 cycles of the show so far.
Heidi Klum - the main judge, she is a supermodel
Thomas Hayo
Enrique Badulescu
Armin Morbach
Bruce Darnell - a runway coach
Boris Entrup
Peyman Amin - an agent of the modelling agency IMG
Rolf Scheider - a casting director
German television series
Top Model television series
People from Kurume
Shigeru Aoki-artist (born 1882, died 1911)
Fumiya Fiji-singer
Hanjiro Sakamoto-artist
|1974/75||rowspan="3"|Dundee||Division One||1||0
|1975/76||Premier Division||23||6
|1976/77||Division One||36||7
|1977/78||rowspan="7"|Aberdeen||rowspan="7"|Premier Division||12||2
|1978/79||31||5
|1979/80||33||10
|1980/81||20||6
|1981/82||30||7
|1982/83||32||12
|1983/84||25||13
|1984/85||rowspan="5"|Manchester United||rowspan="5"|First Division||41||15
|1985/86||28||5
|1986/87||34||4
|1987/88||36||8
|1988/89||21||1
|1988/89||rowspan="7"|Leeds United||rowspan="2"|Second Division||11||3
|1989/90||46||16
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|First Division||34||7
|1991/92||36||4
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Premier League||31||4
|1993/94||33||3
|1994/95||6||0
|1994/95||rowspan="3"|Coventry City||rowspan="3"|Premier League||5||0
|1995/96||12||0
|1996/97||9||0
|1980||7||1
|1983||9||1
|1985||5||0
|1986||6||2
|1989||2||0
|1991||5||1
Total||50||5
Craig William Levein (born 22 October 1964 in Dunfermline) is a Scottish former professional footballer and current football manager.
Levein currently manages Scottish Premier League club Hearts where he is also the Director of Football.
During his playing career he played for Cowdenbeath F.C., Heart of Midlothian and won 16 caps for the Scotland national team.
John Hughes (born 9 September 1964 in Edinburgh) is a former Scottish professional football player.
He is currently manager of Falkirk.
Jennifer Karin-Luise Hof (born May 15, 1991 in Langen, Germany) is a model.
She is the winner of Germany's Next Topmodel, cycle (season) 3.
Hof has 113 cm long legs.
Before GNTM she was living in the hessian town of Rodgau.
She also went to school there.
In Offenbach, she was invited by a model scout to a casting for GNTM.
Out of 18,217 girls in the casting, she was chosen with 18 other girls to appear on the TV show.
Jennifer Hof  at IMG Models
Jennifer Hof in the Fashion Model Directory
Partick Thistle Football Club is a professional football team based at Firhill Stadium in Glasgow, Scotland.
Despite their name, the club are based in the Maryhill area of the city, and have not played in Partick since 1908.
Currently, the team play in the Scottish League One.
Airdrieonians Football Club is a Scottish professional football team.
They are based in the town of Airdrie, North Lanarkshire.
1899-2002 Clydebank FC
2002-2013 Airdrie United FC
2013-present Airdrieonians FC
Scottish League Second Division:
Winners: 2003–04
Runners up: 2007–08
Scottish Challenge Cup:
Winners: 2008–09 (v Ross County)
Runners up: 2003–04 (v Inverness Caledonian Thistle)
Scottish First Division clubs
Municipalities of East Flanders
Aalter is a municipality found in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
On 1 January 2019, the municipality of Knesselare was merged into Aalter.
Municipalities of Flemish Brabant
Municipalities of Namur
Municipalities of Brussels-Capital Region
Ardooie is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
The municipality includes the towns of Ardooie and Koolskamp.
In 2006, Ardooie had a total population of 9,147.
The local people are called Ardooienaren.
Arlon is a city and municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
Arlon is the capital of that province.
Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Baarle-Hertog is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
It is an Belgian exclave located in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
Municipalities of Walloon Brabant
Beveren is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
It is close to the city of Antwerp.
It is at 51° 12 North, 04° 15 East.
Bornem is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
It includes the towns of Hingene, Mariekerke, Weert and Bornem proper.
John McEnroe (born February 16, 1959) is an American retired tennis player.
He became a professional in 1978.
From 1986 to 1994, he was married to actress Tatum O'Neal.
He grew up in Douglaston, Queens, New York City.
He is thought of as one of the best tennis players of all time.
He was once ranked number 1 in the world.
He won three times at Wimbledon and four times at the U.S. Open.
He is remembered for getting angry at the umpire very easily and his rivalries with players such Björn Borg.
He is probably also famous for his "You cannot be serious!"
rant directed to an umpire in 1981 at Wimbledon.
People from Wiesbaden
Braine-le-Comte is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
Maxime Daye is a mayor.
Braives is a Walloon municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
On January 1, 2006 Braives had a total population of 5,579.
The total area is 44.00 km² which gives a population density of 127 inhabitants per km².
Brecht is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 27,630 people were living in Brecht.
Burdinne is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 2,845 people lived there.
It is at 50° 35 North, 05° 04 East.
Châtelet is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
It is on the river Sambre.
Chaudfontaine is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 20928 people lived there.
It is at 50° 35 North, 05° 38 East.
In 2013,  5359 people lived there (2603 men and 2756 women).
Maison du Tourisme Ourthe-Amblève
Björn Borg (born June 6, 1956) is a retired professional tennis player from Sweden.
He won Wimbledon five years in a row, more than any other player until Roger Federer did the same.
Borg also won six French Open titles, which was later also done by Rafael Nadal, who in the 21st century won nine titles.
He is seen as one of the best tennis players of all time.
Borg was famous for his unusual and exciting playing style.
He also set many records.
Since retiring, Borg has run a clothing line.
He has two sons, Robin (born 1985) and Leo (born 2003).
Björn Borg has given the name to the fashion brand Björn Borg.
Besides underwear, it includes other clothing, shoes, bags, glasses and fragrance for both men and women.
Josef Manner & Comp AG is an Austrian company that is known for its sweets.
It is the biggest Austrian producer of sweets.
Today, they are present in over 60 countries.
They are best known for their wafers filled with chocolate-hazelnut cream (called Manner-schnitten).
Food companies of Europe
Companies of Austria
The Hours is a 2002 Anglo-American drama movie.
It is based on Michael Cunningham's novel The Hours.
Nicole Kidman, Julianne Moore, and Meryl Streep play the main characters.
It was picked for nine Academy Awards and won one, Best Actress for Kidman.
The movie is about three women living in different times.
The first is bipolar novelist Virginia Woolf (Kidman) trying to write the novel Mrs Dalloway in Richmond, Surrey in 1923.
The second is Laura Brown, a housewife in California in 1951 who is reading the novel.
The third is Clarissa Vaughan, who lives in New York City in 2001 and tends to a gay poet named Richard.
He often calls her "Mrs. D" or "Mrs. Dalloway" in reference to the novel.
The movie moves from one character to another many times and each character is shown for a similar amount of time.
Woolf struggles to write her novel.
Her hand shakes and she cannot write well.
The movie begins with her suicide where she fills her pockets full of rocks and drowns herself in the river Ouse in Sussex.
In flashback, it shows her difficulty writing.
Her sister Vanessa Bell comes over.
Woolf is very fascinated when her niece Angelica finds a dead bird.
Woolf kisses her sister very hard when she leaves.
Finally, she tries to go to the train station and tells her husband Leonard that she would rather go back to the city than live in the countryside.
Laura is depressed and does not like her life.
She makes a cake with her son for her husband and does it again when the first one does not come out right.
Her friend Kitty is going to a doctor; something is wrong with her.
Finally, she takes her son Richie and leaves him at a babysitter and rents a hotel room.
She starts reading the book and then we see what it is through her mind – she suddenly imagines that there is a lot of water coming up, like she is drowning.
Vaughn is hosting a party for Richard to celebrate something.
She spends a lot of time preparing food and decorations for the party.
In the end, however, Richard kills himself by jumping out of the window.
Linux distributions (often abbreviated as distros) are made of the Linux kernel and a collection of applications.
The operating system will be made up of the Linux kernel and, usually, a set of libraries and utilities from the GNU project, with graphics that come from the X Window System.
Distributions that are made to be small may not contain big window systems full of features like KDE or GNOME, but use small window systems like busybox, uclibc or dietlibc.
There are more than three hundred Linux distributions.
Most of those are in still in development, being improved and changed constantly.
Linux distributions started to form after the Linux kernel was starting to be used by people outside the original Linux programmers.
They were more interested in creating the operating system than making it user-friendly.
H J Lu's "Boot-root" a two disk pair with the kernel and the absolute minimal tools to get started.
MCC Interim Linux, which was made available to the public for download on the FTP server of University of Manchester in February, 1992;
TAMU, created by individuals at Texas A&M University about the same time, and
SLS (Softlanding Linux System).
Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X, created the first CD-ROM based Linux distribution.
SLS was not well-maintained, so Patrick Volkerding created a distribution based on SLS, which he called Slackware; released July 16, 1993.
This is the oldest being developed.
Distributions are normally split into packages.
Each package has a certain application or service.
Examples of packages include a collection of fonts, or a web browser.
Popular distributions
Knoppix, a Live CD
Tools for choosing a Linux distribution
Screenshots of common distributions
Distribution Reviews
Hardware support by Linux distribution
Linux Distribution Chooser  by Zegenie Studios
The Linux Mirror Project Download Linux Distributions over BitTorrent
Bajaur () is an Agency (district) of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan.
Smallest of the agencies in FATA, it has a hilly terrain.
According to the 1998 census, 595,227 people lived there.
It borders Afghanistan's Kunar Province.
Charmang Tehsil
Khar Bajaur Tehsil
Mahmund Tehsil
Salarzai Tehsil
Nawagai Tehsil
Utmankhel (Qzafi) Tehsil
Agencies of Federally Administered Tribal Areas
Bajaur District is a district in Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan.
Until 2018, it was an agency of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, then during restructuring that merged FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it became a district.
According to the 2017 census, the population of the district is 1,093,684.
It borders Afghanistan's Kunar Province with a 52 km border.
The headquarters of the agency administration is located in the town of Khaar.
Bajaur is inhabited almost exclusively by Tarkani Pashtuns, and there are their main sub-tribes in Bajaur: Utmankhel, Tarkalanri as well as a small population of Safis.
The Utmankhel are at the southeast of Bajaur, while Mamund are at the southwest, and the Tarkani are at the north of Bajaur.
Its border with Afghanistan's Kunar province makes it of strategic importance to Pakistan and the region.
Gujar are also present.
Khyber () is a tribal area in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) region of Pakistan.
Jamrud Tehsil
Mula Ghori Tehsil
Kurram or Karam () tribal agency is in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) area of Pakistan.
Until the year 2000, when divisions were abolished, Kurram District used to be part of the Peshawar Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
The Kurram River drains the southern flanks of the Safed Koh mountain range, and enters the Indus plains north of Bannu.
It crosses the Afghan-Pakistan border about 80 km southwest of Jalalabad, and joins the Indus near Isa Khel after a course of more than 320 km (200 miles).
The district has an area of 3,310 km² (1,278 sq.
miles); the population according to the 1998 census was 448,310.
It lies between the Miranzai Valley and the Afghan border, and is inhabited by the Bangash,Mangal para-Chamkani, orakzai and Turis, a tribe of Turki and Pathan origin.
The language of the tribes is Pashto, the majority of the people is sunni but a minute number of Shia community are inhabited too
It is highly irrigated, well peopled, and crowded with small fortified villages, orchards and groves, to which a fine background is afforded by the dark pine forests and alpine snows of the Safed Koh.
The beauty and climate of the valley attracted some of the Mogul emperors of Delhi, and the remains exist of a garden planted by Shah Jahan.
Lower Kurram Tehsil
Upper Kurram Tehsil
Kurram F.R. Tehsil
The Mohmand Agency () was created in 1951 before which the Mohmand Tribes were administered by the Deputy Commissioner based in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
However it was not until 1973 that the headquarters of the Mohmand agency were moved from Peshawar to Ekkagund.
Now, the permanent agency headquarters is at Ghalanai, deep in the Mohmand agency.
There is scant rainfall and little irrigated land, a factor responsible for the large demographic movements of the Mohmands to the fertile lands of Charsadda and Mardan districts to the east.
Halimzai Tehsil
Pindiali Tehsil
Pringar Tehsil
Safi Tehsil
Upper Mohmand Tehsil
Utman Khel (Ambar) Tehsil
Yake Ghund Tehsil
Orakzai Agency is one of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan.
It has a population of 450,000 and an area of 700 square miles.
Central Orakzai Tehsil
Ismailzai Tehsil
Lower Orakzai Tehsil
North Waziristan () is the northern part of Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11 585 km² (4,473 mi²).
It comprises the area west and south-west of Peshawar between the Tochi river to the north and the Gomal river to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).
Miran Shah is capital of North Waziristan and (FATA).
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lies immediately to the east.
The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of the British empire and Afghanistan.
Tribal raiding into British territory was a constant problem for the British, requiring frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945.
The region became part of Pakistan on independence in 1947.
Miran Shah capital city (Tehsil)
Miranshah () is a town in North Waziristan Agency and the capital city of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).
in Pakistan.
It houses a large refugee camp for displaced Afghans from the time of the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
It is otherwise not  a very notable place, with few amenities or comforts.
South Waziristan () is the southern part of Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11,585 km² (4,473 mi²).
It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal river to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province lies immediately to the east.
The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of British-ruled empire and Afghanistan.
Tribal raiding into British-ruled territory was a constant problem for the British, requiring frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945.
The region became part of Pakistan in 1947.
Birmal Tehsil
Ladha Tehsil
Makin (Charlai) Tehsil
Sararogha Tehsil
Sarwekai Tehsil
Tiarza Tehsil
Toi Khullah Tehsil
Wana Tehsil
The National Football League (NFL) playoffs are a single-elimination tournament that happen at the end of the 16-game regular season.
The team who  wins all these playoff games are the NFL champion.
Super Bowl History
Pro-Football-Reference.com - Large online database of NFL data and statistics.
Many of the game scores and records in this article can be found there.
The 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League.
The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against.
The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by beating the Vancouver Canucks in four games.
Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league were re-aligned to better reflect the locations of the teams.
The Patrick Division, which had been in the Clarence Campbell Conference, switched to the Prince of Wales Conference, while the Norris Division went the other way, going from the Wales Conference to the Campbell Conference.
This divisional alignment existed until the 1993-94 season, at which point both the divisions and the conferences of the league were renamed to reflect geography.
Garth Butcher*, Vancouver Canucks
Bob Carpenter, Washington Capitals
Gaetan Duchesne, Washington Capitals
Ron Francis, Hartford Whalers
Grant Fuhr, Edmonton Oilers
Randy Gregg*, Edmonton Oilers
Dale Hawerchuk, Winnipeg Jets
Tim Hunter, Calgary Flames
Al MacInnis, Calgary Flames
Troy Murray, Chicago Black Hawks
Bernie Nicholls, Los Angeles Kings
Marian Stastny, Quebec Nordiques
Thomas Steen, Winnipeg Jets
Tony Tanti, Chicago Black Hawks
John Vanbiesbrouck, New York Rangers
Don Marcotte, Boston Bruins
Rogie Vachon, Boston Bruins
Bill Clement, Calgary Flames
Eric Vail, Detroit Red Wings
Dave Keon, Hartford Whalers
Paul Shmyr, Hartford Whalers
Rick Martin, Los Angeles Kings
Steve Vickers, New York Rangers
Bob Dailey, Philadelphia Flyers
Jimmy Watson, Philadelphia Flyers
Don Luce, Toronto Maple Leafs
Rene Robert, Toronto Maple Leafs
Jean Pronovost, Washington Capitals
These are lists of active and all-time National Hockey League (NHL) franchise post-season appearance, post-season series win, Stanley Cup Final and Stanley Cup streaks up to and including the 2017–18 NHL season and subsequent 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs.
These lists do not include the canceled 2004–05 NHL season.
Longest active streaks
Post-season appearance streaks
A post-season appearance streak is continued by making the NHL playoffs in consecutive years after the regular season.
Since the first round of the playoffs consists of 8 series, there will always be 16 teams in this list (of the 31 teams in the NHL).
Post-season series win streaks
This is a list of teams that have active post-season series win streaks.
A post-season series win streak is continued by making the post-season and winning at least the first round series of the playoffs.
Since the first round of the playoffs consists of 16 teams in 8 series, there will always be 8 teams in this list, the winners of those series.
Longest all-time streaks
1 The Bruins' 29 consecutive is the second longest post-season streak in North American major professional sports history, and the longest of the "Big 4".
This compares to the CFL's Edmonton Eskimos 34 consecutive, the NBA's Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers 22 consecutive, the MLB's Atlanta Braves 14 consecutive, the MLS' LA Galaxy 10 consecutive, and the NFL's 9 consecutive shared by two teams.
2 The nickname of the Chicago team was the "Black Hawks" for the majority of the streak – 17 of the 28 seasons.
They were renamed the "Blackhawks" in 1986.
3 The Montreal Canadiens only missed the playoffs once – by a tie-breaker – in the 46 seasons from 1948–49 to 1993–94.
In the 1969–70 season, they tied for fourth and last playoff spot with the New York Rangers, but were eliminated on total goals scored tiebreak (they scored 244 goals to New York's 246).
4 Includes 5 seasons as the Atlanta Flames (1975–76 through 1979–80), and 11 seasons as the Calgary Flames (1980–81 through 1990–91)
5 The Edmonton Oilers streak is the longest run from the NHL debut of a franchise, starting from the first year they were in the NHL (1979–80); although they aren't included in the NHL streak, they also made the WHA playoffs the preceding 4 seasons (1975–76 through 1978–79), for a streak of 17 consecutive playoff appearances in major professional hockey.
6 Includes 1 season as the Quebec Nordiques (1994–95), and 10 seasons as the Colorado Avalanche (1995–96 through 2005–06)
7 No post season occurred in 2005 due to the season long NHL lockout.
Stanley Cup Final appearance streaks
Stanley Cup win streaks
1 Not the current Ottawa franchise.
This franchise, an original member of the NHL, folded following the 1934–35 NHL season after playing one year as the St. Louis Eagles.
Franchise post-season appearance streaks
Franz Xaver Süßmayr (also spelled Süssmayr, born Schwanenstadt, Austria, 1766; died Vienna,  17 September 1803) was an Austrian composer.
He is often remembered for finishing Mozart’s Requiem which Mozart had not finished when he died.
His father was a sacristan and teacher.
His mother died when he was 6, and he left home at 13.
He went to Kremsmünster to study in a Benedictine monastery.
The abbey performed operas and Singspiele, so he had the opportunity to study the operas of Christoph Willibald Gluck and Antonio Salieri.
He composed a number of stage works and a good deal of church music for the abbey.
After 1787 he became a student of Salieri in Vienna.
In 1792 he also became the vice-director and composer at the Kärntnertortheater.
He helped Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart  by copying out the music for La clemenza di Tito and Die Zauberflöte in 1791.
In the same year Mozart died.
He had not finished composing his  Requiem.
Süssmayr finished composing it and handed the completed work to Constanze, Mozart’s widow.
He composed Singspiele (German operas with spoken dialogue), and became Kapellmeister at the National Theater  From this time until 1800, he was very successful and popular on the Viennese music scene.
However, he became ill with tuberculosis and had to stop work.
He died three years later in 1803.
Catch Me If You Can is a 1980 book by Frank Abagnale.
It talks about the four years that Abagnale was a con artist.
Abagnale sold the rights to make a movie before writing the book.
He wrote the book with a person named Stan Redding.
The movie Catch Me If You Can was released in 2002.
Maronites (, transliterated: Mawārinah, , ) are members of one of the Syriac Eastern Catholic Churches, with a heritage reaching back to Maron in the early 5th century.
The first Maronite patriarch, John Maron, was appointed in the late 7th century.
Although reduced in numbers and estimated to have lost their status as a majority in Lebanon itself.
Today, Maronites remain one of the principal religious groups in the country.
Before the conquest by Arabian Muslims reached Lebanon, which resulted in the Arabization of both those who would become Islamized and those that would remain non-Islamized, the Lebanese people, including Maronites, spoke a dialect of Aramaic, but have been Arabic-speaking since at least the 15th century.
Syriac however, still remains the liturgical language of the Maronite Church.
Pantomime (often called panto) is a kind of theatre entertainment usually performed around Christmas and the New Year in Britain and a few other English-speaking countries.
It must not be confused with mime (acting with gestures but no speech).
It is known for its comedy and audience participation.
Pantomimes are usually meant for children-however they can be directed at adults.
A pantomimos in Ancient Greece used to be an entertainment performed by a solo dancer.
In the Middle Ages a form of theatre developed called Commedia dell'arte.
This was similar to a pantomime.
They told a story which had certain fixed characters: the lovers, the father, the servants etc.
The pantomime first arrived in England as a short entertainment (entr'acte) between opera pieces.
Eventually it became a separate show.
The pantomime today
Today the pantomime is traditionally performed at Christmas.
It is a show for children, but grownups like it as well.
Usually a well-known story is told, e.g. Cinderella, Jack and the Beanstalk, Pinocchio, The Three Little Pigs, Puss in Boots, The Musicians of Bremen, Little Red Riding Hood and Goldilocks and the Three Bears and Snow White etc.
There is a lot of spoken dialogue but there are also songs, and sometimes the audience join in.
There are many traditions in pantomime.
These are some of the main ones:
The main young man in the play (the principal boy) may be played by a young woman, and usually in tight-fitting male clothes (such as breeches).
An older woman (the pantomime dame – often the hero's mother) is usually played by a man dressed as a woman.
Risqué (double entendre) jokes, meaning that perfectly ordinary words make people think of a naughty (sexy) meaning.
Often the children do not understand these jokes.
The jokes are intended for adults.
The audience take part (audience participation).
For example, they call "look behind you!" (
or "he's behind you!"),
and "Oh, yes it is!"
or "Oh, no it is not!"
The audience is always encouraged to "Boo" the villain, and "Awwwww" the poor victims, such as the rejected dame, who usually fancies the prince.
A song combining a well-known tune with different words.
The animal, played by an actor in "animal skin" or animal costume.
It is often a pantomime horse or cow, played by two actors in a single costume, one as the head and front legs, the other as the body and back legs.
The good fairy always enters from stage right and the evil villain enters from stage left.
In Commedia dell'arte the right side of the stage symbolized Heaven and the left side symbolized Hell.
The members of the cast throw out sweets to the children in the audience, or choose a few to come on stage and ask them questions.
Sometimes the story villain will squirt members of the audience with water guns or pretend to throw a bucket of "water" at the audience that is actually full of something harmless such as streamers.
Sometimes the comedy is slapstick, e.g. the actors throw custard pies in one another's faces.
Sometimes there is a celebrity guest star.
Michael Collins (October 31, 1930 – April 28, 2021) was an American astronaut and test pilot.
He was the pilot of the Apollo 11 mission to the moon.
Air force pilot
Collins went to the United States Military Academy.
After training, he joined the United States Air Force.
He flew F-86s at Chambley-Bussieres Air Base, France.
He got into the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in 1960.
He tried to get into the second astronaut training group but he was not accepted.
He did get into the third group.
Collins joined the third group of fourteen astronauts in 1963.
He had 2 space flights.
His first spaceflight was in Gemini 10.
With John Young they joined up in space with two different spacecraft.
Collins also did two space walks.
His second space flight was in Apollo 11 where he was the command module pilot.
While he kept going around the Moon, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the lunar surface.
He is one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon.
Collins left NASA in 1970.
He took a job in the Department of State as Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs during the Richard Nixon presidency.
A year later he became the director of the National Air and Space Museum.
He did this job until 1978.
He then became the undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
In 1980 he took the job as Vice President of LTV Aerospace.
He left in 1985 to start his own business.
He was married to Patricia.
They have three children: Kate, Ann and Michael, Jr. Kate is an actress, best known for her role as Natalie Marlowe Dillon in the daytime television drama All My Children.
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
Saturn V was the kind of launch vehicle used by NASA in a space program named after a god that ancient people liked (the Apollo program).
The Saturn V carried Apollo 11 and the people in it to the Moon in 1969.
Much of the rocket was planned by German engineer and scientist Wernher von Braun.
32 Saturn rockets were sent up to space, and the Saturn V was the largest.
15 Saturn V rockets were made and 13 were sent up to space.
There were two Saturn V launches with no people in them, and the first manned Apollo flight using a Saturn V was Apollo 8 sent around the Moon on December 21, 1968.The Saturn V rocket was a three part machine.
It stood  high and weighed .
The first rockets were able to carry  .
This was went up to  for the later Apollo flights.
The first and second stages gave the power to lift the rocket off the Earth.
The first and second stages each had five engines.
The first stage burned kerosene and liquid oxygen together.
The other stages burned liquid oxygen with liquid hydrogen.
The first stage engines burned for 168 seconds which was able to lift Apollo to a height of  and about  away from the launch pad.
The second stage burned for about 8 minutes to take Apollo through the upper atmosphere.
At this time it was going .
The third stage was used for 2 minutes and 30 seconds to put Apollo into an Earth orbit.
This was at a height of  above the Earth.
The third stage was started again and burned for 6 minutes to make the speed go up to  needed to send Apollo off to the Moon.
NASA sites
Three Saturn Vs on Display Teach Lessons in Space History
Declassified 1964 NASA technical memo on Saturn Rockets Note that this is a large PDF file (61 Megabytes)
Launch complex 39 facility description from 1966 (10 Megabyte PDF file)
Exploring the Unknown Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program
Apollo Saturn Reference Page
Apollo/Saturn V Development ApolloTV.net Video
Saturn I-IVB Stage
xkcd:Up Goer Five
Kajaani () is a town in the region of Kainuu, Finland.
In 2009, it had a population of about 38,000.
The official Kajaani page
Municipalities of Kainuu
Michael Collins (Irish leader), Irish partisan
Michael Collins (movie), about the Irish partisan
Michael Collins (astronaut), pilot of Apollo 11
Michael "Mick" Collins ( 16 October 1890 – 22 August 1922) was an Irish revolutionary leader.
He was a Minister for Finance and Teachta Dála (TD member of parliament) for Cork South in the First Dáil of 1919.
He was also the Director of Intelligence for the Southern IRA, and member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations.
After that he was both Chairman of the Provisional Government and Commander-in-chief of the National Army.
Throughout this time, at least as of 1919, he was also President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood.
Under the rules of the Brotherhood this meant that he was President of the Irish Republic.
Collins was shot and killed in August 1922, during the Irish Civil War.
He was born on his family farm named Woodfield in Sam's Cross near Clonakilty, West Cork.
Michael Collins was the third son and youngest of eight children.
Most biographies state his date of birth as 16 October 1890; however, his tombstone gives his date of birth as 12 October 1890.
His father, also named Michael, was a member of the republican Fenian movement, but had left and settled down to farming.
Collins was six years old when his father died.
After leaving school aged 15, Collins took the British Civil Service examination in Cork in February 1906,.
In 1910, he moved to London where he became a messenger at a London firm of stock brokers, Horne and Company.
While in London he lived with his elder sister, and studied at King's College London.
He joined the London GAA and, through this, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, a secret, oath-bound society dedicated to achieving Irish independence.
In 1915, he moved to the Guaranty Trust Company of New York where he remained until his return to Ireland the following year.
Michael Collins first became known during the Easter Rising in 1916.
A skilled organiser and very intelligent, he was highly respected in the IRB.
When the Rising itself took place on Easter Monday, 1916, he fought alongside Patrick Pearse and others in the General Post Office in Dublin.
Collins, like many of the other participants, was arrested, almost executed.
He was imprisoned at Frongoch internment camp.
Collins became one of the leading figures in Sinn Féin after the Rising.
This was a small nationalist party which the British government and the Irish media mistakenly accredited the Rising to.
By October 1917, Collins had become a member of the executive of Sinn Féin and Director of Organisation of the Irish Volunteers.
Éamon de Valera was president of both organisations.
The first Irish Parliament, the Dáil Éireann
Collins was nominated in the 1918 general election to elect Irish MPs to the British House of Commons in London.
Collins won for Sinn Féin, becoming MP for Cork South.
However, unlike their rivals in the Irish Parliamentary Party, Sinn Féin MPs had announced that they would not take their seats in Westminster, but instead would set up an Irish Parliament in Dublin.
That new parliament, called Dáil Éireann (meaning "Assembly of Ireland") met in the Mansion House, Dublin in January 1919, although De Valera and leading Sinn Féin MPs had been arrested.
In de Valera's absence, Cathal Brugha was elected Príomh Aire ('Main' or 'Prime', Minister', but often translated as 'President of Dáil Éireann').
He was replaced by de Valera, when Collins helped him escape from Lincoln Prison in April 1919.
The Irish War of Independence began on the same day that the First Dáil met on 21 January 1919.
An ambush party of IRA volunteers acting without orders and led by Seán Treacy attacked a group of Royal Irish Constabulary men.
They were escorting a shipment of gelignite to a quarry in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary.
Two policemen were shot dead during the fight.
This incident is considered to be the first action taken in the Irish War of Independence.
1919 and the start of the War of Independence
In 1919, Collins had a number of roles.
In the summer he was elected president of the IRB, Director of Intelligence of the Irish Republican Army.
He also became the Minister for Finance.
His ministry was able to organise a large bond issue in the form of a "National Loan" to fund the new Irish Republic.
Collins and Richard Mulcahy were the two main organisers for the Irish Republican Army, in as far as it was possible to direct the actions of disorganised guerrilla units.
In 1920, the British offered a prize of £10,000 (equivalent to GB£474,000.00 / €535,026.83 in 2017) for information leading to the capture or death of Collins.
His fame had so transcended the IRA movement that he was nicknamed "The Big Fellow".
In July 1921, the British suddenly offered a truce.
Arrangements were made for a conference between the British government and the leaders of the as-yet unrecognised Irish Republic.
In August 1921, Eamonn de Valera made the Dáil upgrade his office from Prime Minister to President of the Irish Republic.
This made him on the same level as George V in the negotiations.
Eventually, however, he said that as the King would not attend, then neither would he.
Instead, with the reluctant agreement of his cabinet, de Valera assembled a team of delegates to go in his place.
The team was headed by Vice-President Arthur Griffith with Collins as Deputy.
Anglo-Irish Treaty
The negotiations resulted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty which was signed on 6 December 1921.
In it, a new state was agreed upon, called the "Irish Free State".
The agreement made an all-Ireland state possible.
The six-county region in the northeast could opt out of the Free State if they wanted to.
If this happened, an Irish Boundary Commission was to redraw the Irish border.
The Irish Free State was established in December 1922, and as expected, Northern Ireland opted to remain part of the United Kingdom proper.
Although it was not the republic he was fighting for, Collins concluded that the Treaty offered Ireland "the freedom to achieve freedom."
He knew that the treaty, and in particular the issue of partition, would not be popular in Ireland.
When he signed the treaty, he said "I have signed my own death warrant."
Sinn Féin split over the treaty, and the Dáil debated the matter bitterly for ten days until it was approved by a vote of 64 to 57.