the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The flat surface of the plate or stone is slightly roughened, or etched, and divided into hydrophilic (= water-loving) regions that accept a film of water and repel the greasy ink, and hydrophobic regions which repel water and accept ink.
The image may be printed directly from the stone or plate (in which case it is reversed from the original image) or may be offset by transfer to a flexible sheet, usually rubber, for transfer to the printed article.
In the early days of lithography, a smooth piece of limestone was used (hence the name "lithography"—"lithos" (λιθος) is the ancient Greek word for stone).
After the oil-based image was put on the surface, a solution of gum arabic in water was applied, the gum sticking only to the non-oily surface.
During printing, water adhered to the gum arabic surfaces and avoided the oily parts, while the oily ink used for printing did the opposite.
Chromolithography
Chromolithography (colour lithography) was invented by Engelmann and son, who were granted a patent in 1837.
By using more than one stone, different colours can be added to the same picture.
Each colour needs a separate stone.
The great posters of such artists as Alphonse Mucha and Toulouse-Lautrec are made like this.
Complicated graphics may need twenty or more stones.
Eve's Plum was an American rock band.
The band existed from 1991 to 1998.
Colleen Fitzpatrick (vocals)
Michael Kotch (guitar)
Theo Mack (bass, 1994)
Chris Giammalvo (bass, 1992-1994)
Ben Kotch (drums)
Envy (1993)
Cherry Alive (1995)
Lucius Cornelius Sulla <ref>L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX</small> is his name in Latin; In English, it means "Lucius Cornelius Sulla, son of Lucius, grandson of Publius, the lucky".</ref> (c. 138 BC – 78 BC), usually called Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman.
He was a praetor (a commander of an army) in 97 BC, and held the office of Consul twice.
He was the only man in history to have attacked and kept both Athens and Rome.
Sulla unconstitutionally marched his armies into Rome and defeated his enemy Gaius Marius in battle.
After his second march on Rome, he revived the office of dictator.
Sulla was made Dictator in 81 or 82 BC.
He had the Senate draw up a list of those he considered enemies of the state and published the list in the Roman Forum.
Plutarch states in his Life of Sulla (XXXI): "Sulla now began to make blood flow, and he filled the city with deaths without number or limit".
78 BC deaths
Norman Steven Maciver (born September 1, 1964 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League as a member of the New York Rangers, Hartford Whalers, Edmonton Oilers, Ottawa Senators, Pittsburgh Penguins, and the Winnipeg Jets/Phoenix Coyotes franchise.
MacIver was never drafted by an NHL franchise and instead took the university route in order to reach the NHL.
The defenceman played four seasons with the University of Minnesota Duluth and in 1985-86 was a finalist for the Hobey Baker Award, awarded to the NCAA's top player.
While playing at the University of Minnesota, MacIver earned a communications degree and signed as a free agent with the NHL's New York Rangers upon graduation.
He played 500 regular season games in the NHL, scoring 55 goals and 230 assists for 285 points and collecting 350 penalty minutes.
A career highlight came during the Ottawa Senators' debut season of 1992-93, when Maciver led the team in scoring with 17 goals and 46 assists for 63 points in 80 games.
In the spring of 1996, he scored the final goal in Winnipeg Jets' history prior to the team's relocation to Phoenix in the sixth game of a first round playoff series against the Detroit Red Wings.
After retirement he became an assistant coach for the American Hockey League's Springfield Falcons from 2000 to 2003, and then the NHL's Boston Bruins from 2003 to 2006.
Shortening is a semisolid fat used in baking.
It makes foods crumbly.
Shortening doesn't smoke as easily as butter or oil, and it is 100% fat.
Butter is 80% fat.
It works by stopping long gluten polymers from forming in the food.
It does not need to be refrigerated.
It also is cheaper than butter.
It can make foods last longer.
Shortening is mostly made from hydrogenated oils, which have trans fats in them.
Trans fats can cause heart attacks.
People making shortening try to take out the trans fats.
A semisolid is a substance that is in between a solid and a liquid.
Another name for a semi-solid is a quasi-solid.
Mayonnaise is an example of a semi-solid.
Mayonnaise does not hold its shape like a solid but does not flow like a liquid.
A substance like gel or cream is another example of a semi-solid.
Normally semi-solids are covalent things.
Covalent substances get softer and softer until they melt.
Ionic substances melt at one temperature and do not get softer.
Butter can be a semisolid when it is warm.
Butter does not hold its shape but it does not flow like a liquid.
Paint is also a semisolid, since it is highly viscous.
Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to organic compounds.
It is done to alkenes.
Vegetable oils have alkenes in them.
Alkenes are liquid and spoil easily.
People making shortening add hydrogen to the alkene, turning it into an alkane.
The alkanes are more solid and stable.
A catalyst is used to react the hydrogen with the oil.
This makes trans fats, though.
Margarine is an example of a hydrogenated spread.
Other things can be hydrogenated, too.
Hot nitrogen is reacted with hydrogen under high pressure with a catalyst, usually nickel to make ammonia gas.
A quiche (Pronounced: keesh) is a type of pie.
It is savory.
It normally has a pie crust.
The filling is made of eggs.
Meat and/or vegetables and cheese are sometimes also in the filling.
Brigid is the Irish goddess of fire.
She is also called Bride, Bridey, Brighid, Brigit, Briggidda, Brigantia, and Breo-saighead.
According to legend she was born at dawn, rising into the sky with fire streaming from her head.
The daughter of an Irish god, Dagda, she later married an Irish king, Bres.
Brigid, Celtic Goddess of Inspiration and Healing
Bradyons, also known as tardyons or ittyons, are very small particles that travel below the speed of light, as opposed to hypothetical tachyons (which travel above the speed of light).
All known subatomic particles which have mass are bradyons.
The Higgs field is a field of energy that is thought to exist in every region of the universe.
The field is accompanied by a fundamental particle known as the Higgs boson, which is used by the field to continuously interact with other particles, such as the electron.
Particles that interact with the field are "given" mass and, in a similar fashion to an object passing through a treacle (or molasses), will become slower as they pass through it.
The result of a particle "gaining" mass from the field is the prevention of its ability to travel at the speed of light.
Mass itself is not generated by the Higgs field; the act of creating matter or energy from nothing would violate the laws of conservation.
Mass is, however, gained by particles via their Higgs field interactions with the Higgs Boson.
Higgs bosons contain the relative mass in the form of energy and once the field has endowed a formerly massless particle, the particle in question will slow down as it has now become "heavy".
If the Higgs field did not exist, particles would not have the mass required to attract one another, and would float around freely at light speed.
Giving mass to an object is referred to as the Higgs effect.
This effect will transfer mass or energy to any particle that passes through it.
Light that passes through it gains energy, not mass, because its wave form doesn't have mass, while its particle form constantly travels at light speed.
The Higgs effect
The Higgs effect was first theorized in 1964 by writers of the PRL symmetry breaking papers.
In 1964, three teams wrote scientific papers which proposed related but different approaches to explain how mass could arise in local gauge theories.
In 2013 the Higgs boson, and implicitly the Higgs effect, were tentatively proven at the Large Hadron Collider (and the Higgs boson was discovered on July 4, 2012).
The effect was seen as finding a missing piece of the Standard Model.
According to gauge theory (the theory underlying the Standard Model), all force-carrying particles should be massless.
However, the force-particles that mediate the weak force have mass.
This is due to the Higgs effect, which breaks the SU(2) symmetry; (SU stands for special unitary, a type of matrix, and 2 refers to the size of the matrices involved).
A symmetry of a system is an operation done to a system, such as rotation or displacement, that leaves the system fundamentally unchanged.
A symmetry also provides a rule for how something should always act unless acted on by an outside force.
An example is a Rubik's Cube.
If we take a Rubik's cube and scrambled it by making whatever moves we want, it is still possible to solve it.
Since each move we make still leaves the Rubik's cube solvable, we can say that these moves are 'symmetries' of the Rubik's cube.
Together, they form what we call the symmetry group of the Rubik's cube.
Making any of these moves doesn't change the puzzle, always leaving it solvable.
But, we can break this symmetry by doing something like taking the cube apart, and putting it back together in a completely wrong way.
No matter what moves we try now, it is not possible to solve the cube.
Breaking the cube apart and putting it back together in the wrong way is the 'outside force': Without this outside force, nothing we do to the cube makes it unsolvable.
The symmetry of the Rubik's cube is that it stays solvable whatever moves we make, as long as we do not take apart the cube.
Creation of Higgs boson
The way that the SU(2) symmetry is broken is known as "spontaneous symmetry breaking".
Spontaneous means random or unexpected, Symmetries are the rules that are being changed, and Breaking refers to the fact that the symmetries are no longer the same.
The result of spontaneously breaking the SU(2) symmetry can be a Higgs boson.
Reason for Higgs effect
The Higgs effect occurs because nature "tends" towards the lowest energy state.
The Higgs effect will happen because gauge bosons near a Higgs field will want to be in their lowest energy states, and this would break at least one symmetry.
To justify giving mass to a would-be massless particle, scientists were forced to do something out of the ordinary.
They assumed that vacuums (empty space) actually had energy, and that way, if a particle that we think of as massless were to enter it, the  energy from the vacuum would be transferred into that particle, giving it mass.
A mathematician named Jeffrey Goldstone proved that if you violate a symmetry (for example, a symmetry with a Rubik's cube would be if you state that the corners must always be rotated 0 or 3 times to be solvable (it works)), a reaction will occur.
In the case of the Rubik's cube, the cube will become unsolvable if violated.
In the case of the Higgs field, something named after Jeffrey Goldstone (and another scientist who worked with him named Yoichiro Nambu) is produced, a Nambu-Goldstone boson.
This is an excited or energetic form of the vacuum, which can be graphed revealing that shown above.
This was first explained by Peter Higgs.
Lance Hoyt (born February 28, 1977 in Gause, Texas) is an American professional wrestler.
Hoyt is currently signed to New Japan Pro Wrestling where he wrestles under the ring name, Lance Archer.
In 2010, he was part or Florida Championship Wrestling under the ring name Vance Archer.
He also competed on theie ECW brand.
The Equal Rights Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution in the 1970s and 1980s.
It would give men and women full equality under the law.
Alice Paul first wrote the ERA.
In 1923, it was introduced in the Congress for the first time.
It passed both houses of Congress in 1972 after the National Organization for Women protested outside the United States Senate.
Some people opposed it because women were already becoming equal in most areas, and women did not want to be drafted into the Vietnam War.
Though 35 states ratified it, the amendment did not pass (38 were needed).
Most of the states that did not ratify it were in the Southern United States, which is the most conservative and religious part of the country.
Twenty-one states have a version of the ERA in their state constitutions.
Sixteen of those states ratified the federal ERA.
Five did not.
The ERA was introduced into Congress each year from 1923 to 1972.
It has been reintroduced in every session of Congress since 1982.
In 2011, it was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives by 159 House cosponsors and several senators.
Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
Section 3.
This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification.
Proposed amendments to the United States Constitution
Tianhe-I is a supercomputer made and operated in the People's Republic of China and has been active since October 29, 2009.
Right now, it is the second fastest supercomputer in the world, replacing the Jaguar supercomputer.
It has 98,304 GB of memory and has 2.507 petaflops at its peak.
It uses a Linux operating system.
It is being used for finding energy sources and doing simulations of aircraft right now.
It used to have 5,010 CPUs and 2,560 GPUs and was ranked the fifth-fastest supercomputer.
After the upgrade, it now has 14,336 CPUs and 7,168 GPUs, making it the fastest.
The Austrian State Treaty was a treaty that made Austria a country.
It was signed on May 15, 1955 at Vienna between the Allied powers from World War II and the Austrian government.
It prohibited union with Germany.
It also prohibited Nazi and fascist government.
Austria also said that they would always be neutral in any wars.
Arabidopsis thaliana is a small flowering plant native to Europe, Asia, and northwestern Africa.
It is widely used as a model organism in plant genetics.
Arabidopsis is a member of the mustard (Brassicaceae) family, which includes cultivated species such as cabbage and radish.
It was the first plant genome to be sequenced, completed in 2000 by the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative.
The most up-to-date version of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome is maintained by The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR).
Arabidopsis is a popular tool for understanding the molecular biology of many plant traits, including flower development and light sensing.
Dracovenator  was a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in southern Africa during the Lower Jurassic period.
That was about 185 million years ago.
It is closely related to Dilophosaurus.
It might have had a pair of crests like Dilophosaurus.
Its name means "Dragon hunter".
It was given this name because dinosaurs are similar to the dragons of mythology, and it was a carnivore, so it was probably a hunter.
Dracovenator was a large carnivore, about 23 feet long.
It is the first large meat-eating dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Africa to be discovered.
Dracovenator was described and named in 2006, based on a hand claw, an upper jaw with teeth, back bones, hip bones, ribs, and foot bones.
There is one named species, Dracovenator regenti.
Dracovenator was discovered in the upper Elliot Formation in South Africa.
Noise music is a special type of music that uses noise as the main part of the song.
Sometimes musicians make it so that they can find out what makes music what it is.
They are exploring whether a sound can be music if it does not have melody or rhythm.
Noise music was first made at the start of the 1910s.
It is often called Sound Art, because it is a mixture of art and sound.
The genus Amanita contains a species of basidiomycete mushrooms, including some of the most toxic known.
It is found worldwide.
This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for about 50% on its own.
The most potent toxin present in these mushrooms is amanitin, of which at least eight versions are known.
Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric, is a psychoactive fungus.
It is known as the fly agaric for its ability to kill houseflies when combined with milk.
The reason for this is that flies are attracted to the milk because it is so sweet.
When they drink the milk they feel the effects of the mushroom and begin to get intoxicated.
Death cap
Amanita phalloides, commonly known as the death cap, is a deadly poisonous fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita.
Widely distributed across Europe, A. phalloides forms ectomycorrhizas with various broadleaved trees.
In some cases, death cap has been accidentally introduced to new regions with the cultivation of non-native species of oak, chestnut, and pine.
The large fruiting bodies (mushrooms) appear in summer and autumn; the caps are generally greenish in color, with a white stipe (stem) and gills (underneath the cap).
One mushroom, if eaten, may destroy the liver and cause death.
There is no antidote.p211
Toxins
Their major toxic mechanism is the inhibition of RNA polymerase II, a vital enzyme in the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA).
Without mRNA, essential protein synthesis, and hence cell metabolism, grind to a halt and the cell dies.
The liver is the principal organ affected, as it is the organ which is first encountered after absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, though other organs, especially the kidneys, are susceptible.p217 The RNA polymerase of Amanita phalloides is insensitive to the effects of amatoxins, so the mushroom does not poison itself.
Gurjar or Gojri are an ethnic group of Jammu and Kashmir India and northern and central Pakistan.
Alternative spellings are Gojari  and Gujjari (not Gujrati).
As per historical accounts parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat were known as Gurjar-bhumi or Gurjaratra prior to Mughal period in India Gurjar pratiharas acted as barrier to Arabs for around 300 centuries.
However, in later times, circa the 14th century AD onwards, their hold reduced to small principalities.
During 15th-16th century there were Gurjar kings in areas of Meerut and Dadri.
After this time, they gradually fell into a decline.
They became poor nomads and started living in jungles and forests.
Dr. Yevgeny Sergeivich Botkin (27 March 1865 – 17 July 1918), also known as Dr. Eugene Botkin, was the court physician for Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra.
While he was in exile with the family, he often helped treat Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia.
Botkin went into exile with the Romanovs after the Russian Revolution of 1917.
He was murdered with the family at Ekaterinburg on 17 July 1918.
Like them, he was canonized as a martyr by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in 1981.
His wife Olga and he divorced after she had an affair with the children's German teacher.
Jack Patrick Dorsey (born November 19, 1976) is an American software developer and business person, widely known as the creator of social networking service Twitter.
He is also the founder and CEO of Square, a mobile payments company.
In 2008, he was named as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
Dorsey was born Jack Patrick Dorsey in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Tim and Marcia (née Smith) Dorsey.
He is of English, Irish, and Italian descent.
His father worked for a company that developed mass spectrometers and his mother was a homemaker.
He was raised Catholic, and his uncle is a Catholic priest in Cincinnati.
He attended the Catholic Bishop DuBourg High School.
In his younger days, Dorsey worked occasionally as a fashion model.
By age fourteen, Dorsey had become interested in dispatch routing.
Some of the open-source software he created in the area of dispatch logistics is still used by taxicab companies.
Dorsey attended the University of Missouri–Rolla for two-plus years (1995–97) before transferring to New York University, but he dropped out in 1999, one semester short of graduating.
He came up with the idea that he developed as Twitter while studying at NYU.
While working on dispatching as a programmer, Dorsey moved to California.
In 2000, Dorsey started his company in Oakland to dispatch couriers, taxis, and emergency services from the Web.
His other projects and ideas at this time included networks of medical devices and a "frictionless service market".
In July 2000, building on dispatching and inspired in part by LiveJournal and by AOL Instant Messenger, he had the idea for a Web-based realtime status/short message communication service.
When he first saw implementations of instant messaging, Dorsey wondered whether the software's user status output could be shared easily among friends.
He approached Odeo, which at the time happened to be interested in text messaging.
Dorsey and Biz Stone decided that SMS text suited the status-message idea, and built a prototype of Twitter in about two weeks.
The idea attracted many users at Odeo and investment from Evan Williams, a co-founder of that firm in 2005 who had left Google after selling Pyra Labs and Blogger.
Biz Stone (born March 10, 1974) is an American software developer.
He is also the author of two books.
He is an advisor to many companies.
He is Creative Director at Twitter.
Evan Williams (born March 31, 1972) is an American business person.
He is responsible for product strategy at Twitter.
Amy Davis Irving (born September 10, 1953) is an American actress.
She is best known for her roles in the films Crossing Delancey, The Fury, Carrie, and Yentl.
She is also known for acting in Broadway.
Irving was born in Palo Alto, California.
She was the daughter of film and stage director Jules Irving (né Jules Israel) and actress Priscilla Pointer.
Irving's brother is a writer and director David Irving, and her sister Katie Irving is a singer and teacher of deaf children.
Irving is of Jewish from her father's side and has a little bit of Welsh and Cherokee ancestry on her mother's.
She was raised in the Christian Science faith, which means that she believed that God made the earth.
Alphonse Mucha (24 July 1860 – 14 July 1939) was a Czech Art Nouveau painter and decorative artist, best known for his distinct style and his images of women.
He produced many paintings, illustrations, advertisements, and designs.
Around Christmas 1894, Mucha happened to drop into a print shop where there was a sudden and unexpected need for a new advertising poster for a play starring Sarah Bernhardt, the most famous actress in Paris.
Mucha volunteered to produce a lithographed poster within two weeks, and on 1 January 1895, the advertisement for the play Gismonda by Victorien Sardou appeared on the streets of the city.
It was an overnight sensation and announced the new artistic style and its creator to the citizens of Paris.
Bernhardt was so satisfied with the success of this first poster that she entered into a 6-year contract with Mucha.
Mucha produced a flurry of paintings, posters, advertisements, and book illustrations, as well as designs for jewellery, carpets, wallpaper, and theatre sets in what was initially called the Mucha Style but became known as Art Nouveau (French for 'new art').
Mucha's works frequently featured beautiful, strong young women in flowing vaguely Neoclassical looking robes, often surrounded by lush flowers which sometimes formed halos behind the women's heads.
Mucha's Art Nouveau style was often imitated.
The Art Nouveau style however, was one that Mucha attempted to distance himself from.
He always insisted that his paintings came purely from within and from Czech art.
He declared that art existed only to communicate a spiritual message, and nothing more.
He was frustrated at the fame he gained through commercial art, when he most wanted to concentrate on more lofty projects that would ennoble art and his birthplace.
Czech artists
Czech painters
Attenborough was born in London and grew up in Leicester.
He is one of the most famous naturalists in the world.
He presents many programs about nature, talking about the lives of animals and has stopped millions of people polluting our oceans.
He has won many prestigious award and honorable mentions.
In 1980 he won the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award.
He is a younger brother of director, producer and actor Richard Attenborough.
Life on Earth (1979)
The Living Planet (1984)
The Trials of Life (1990)
Life in the Freezer (1993)
The Private Life of Plants (1995)
The Life of Birds (1998)
The Life of Mammals (2002)
Life in the Undergrowth (2005)
Life in Cold Blood (2008)
David Attenborough's Life Stories (2009)
David Attenborough's New Life Stories (2011)
Drawn From Paradise: The Discovery, Art and Natural History of the Birds of Paradise (2012) - with Errol Fuller
Planet Earth II (2016)
Species named in Attenborough's honour
an alpine hawkweed (Hieracium attenboroughianum) discovered in the Brecon Beacons,
a species of Ecuadorian flowering tree (Blakea attenboroughi),
one of the world's largest-pitchered carnivorous plants (Nepenthes attenboroughii),
a genus of flowering plants (Sirdavidia).
a butterfly, Attenborough's black-eyed satyr (Euptychia attenboroughi),
a dragonfly, Attenborough's pintail, (Acisoma attenboroughi),
the millimetre-long goblin spider Prethopalpus attenboroughi,
an Indonesian flightless weevil (Trigonopterus attenboroughi), and
a Madagascan ghost shrimp (Ctenocheloides attenboroughi).
Living vertebrates
Namibian lizard Platysaurus attenboroughi.
the bird Polioptila attenboroughi.
the Peruvian frog Pristimantis attenboroughi and
one of only four species of long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus attenboroughi).
In 1993 it was found that the Mesozoic reptile Plesiosaurus conybeari was not a species of  Plesiosaurus.
The palaeontologist Robert Bakker renamed the species Attenborosaurus conybeari.
A fossilised armoured fish discovered in Western Australia in 2008 was given the name Materpiscis attenboroughi, after Attenborough had filmed at the site and highlighted its scientific importance in Life on Earth.
The Materpiscis fossil is believed to be the earliest organism capable of internal fertilisation.
A miniature marsupial lion, Microleo attenboroughi, was named in his honour in 2016.
The fossil grasshopper Electrotettix attenboroughi was named after Attenborough.
In March 2017, A 430 million year old tiny crustacean  was named after him.
what worries him most about the future of the natural world is that people are out of touch with it ... over half the world is urbanised; some people don't see any real thing except a rat or a pigeon ... ecosystems are incredibly complex and you fiddle with them at your peril".
“We cannot continue to deny the problem.
People have pushed aside the question of population sustainability and not considered it because it is too awkward, embarrassing and difficult.
But we have to talk about it″.
In January 2013, while being interviewed by Radio Times, he said:
“We are a plague on the Earth.
It’s coming home to roost over the next 50 years or so.
It’s not just climate change; it’s sheer space, places to grow food for this enormous horde.
Either we limit our population growth or the natural world will do it for us, and the natural world is doing it for us right now”.
In a Daily Telegraph interview in September 2013 he said:
"What are all these famines in Ethiopia?
What are they about?" / "
They're about too many people for too little land.
We say, get the United Nations to send them bags of flour.
That's barmy".
Official David Attenborough website
As patron of Population Matters
Gingerbread is a word which describes different sweet food products from soft cakes to a ginger biscuit.
Ginger and honey (or treacle) rather than only sugar, are usually the common ingredients to all the types of food product.
They probably also have the same history.
Before, gingerbread (from Latin zingiber, then Old French gingebras) meant preserved ginger.
After, it was a confection made with honey and spices.
Armenian monk Gregory of Nicopolis (Gregory Makar) (Grégoire de Nicopolis) brought ginger bread to Europe in 992.
He left Nicopolis Pompeii, in Lesser Armenia to live in Bondaroy (France) and stayed seven years.
He showed French priests and Christians how to cook gingers.
He died in 999 Armenian genocide.
German immigrants brought it to Sweden during the 13th century.
Swedish nuns baked gingerbread to help indigestion in the year 1444.
The custom was to bake white biscuits and paint them as window decorations.
In the 16th century, Queen Elizabeth I had a royal gingerbread-maker working for her.
Gingerbread was sold at fairs and other public events.
Victorian architecture - Gingerbread house example
Baldness (also known as alopecia) is when someone has no hair on his or her head.
Sometimes this is inherited from parents or grandparents, or it can be done on purpose if somebody cuts off all their hair off.
Some monks or South Korean soldiers in the army do this.
Baldness is most often caused by a medical condition known as androgenic alopecia.
This is found in humans, as well as in some animals.
When it occurs, it will mean that those affected will permanently lose some (or all) of their hair.
Since some of the factors are linked to the genes on the chromosome, the condition can be seen more often with men, than with women.
Alopecia totalis is the loss of all head hair.
Its cause is believed to be autoimmune, but many with the disorder lead relatively low stress lives.
The Common Basilisk (Basiliscus basiliscus) is a type of lizard.
It can be found in Central and South American rainforests near rivers and streams.
The basilisk is part of the corytophanid family.
It is also known as the "Jesus Christ Lizard" because it can run on the surface of water.
Manuel Antonio National Park is a national park in Costa Rica.
Over 150,000 people visit it every year.
Many animals can be seen here, including the Common basilisk.
Manuel Antonio park was listed by Forbes magazine in 2011 among the world's 12 most beautiful national parks.
Manuel Antonio National Park at Costa Rica National Parks
The United Nations Development Fund for Women commonly known as UNIFEM (from the French "Fonds de développement des Nations unies pour la femme is a fund of United Nations established in New York in 1976 aimed for equality as men and taking part in society of women.
It provides financial and technical aid for the better condition of women together with United Nations Development Programme.
In 2006 Nicole Kidman was elected as goodwill ambassador.
In 2011, it will be a part of the new institution "UN Women".
Hand shake, a common social greeting in some cultures
Milk shake, a drink usually made from milk and ice cream
Tremor, muscles moving without control
Exorcism is the practice of evicting demons or other spiritual beings.
This practice is quite ancient and part of the belief system of many cultures and religions.
There are different types of exorcisms.
Exorcisms can be performed on people, animals and places.
These rituals are done by people called exorcists.
Exorcisms are usually done for religious reasons.
The reasons vary, and the exorcisms can be different based on religions and which exorcists does them.
Numerous movies have been produced about Martin Luther's life and his doings.
In a narrow sense, a Luther movie is a feature movie or a television movie.
In an wider sense a Luther movie could also be a documentary movie about Martin Luther, like Curt Oertel's Der gehorsame Rebell (translated: The Obedient Rebel).
Since the time of the silent movies movies telling the story of Martin Luther have been made.
1911 was made the silent movie Doktor Martinus Luther, with a running time of round about 20 minutes.
1913, 1923 und 1927 were made the next movies.
The movies of the year 1923 and 1927 were made with support of the church.
The newest movie is called Luther.
Overview of the feature movies and television movies about Luther
Overview of the documentary movies about Luther
E. P. Wipfler: "Luther im Stummfilm: Zum Wandel protestantischer Mentalität im Spiegel der FIlmgeschichte bis 1930" (Luther in Silent Films: about the change of Protestant mentality through the history of movie until 1930).
In: Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, Bd.
98, 2007, S. 167-198.
Jäschke, Wolfgang: Martin Luther.
Reformator - Ketzer - Nationalheld?.
München, 1983:
Dähn, Horst: Luther und die DDR.
Berlin, 1996:
EKD - Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland - Martin Luther im Film (German)
Document title - Luther im Stummfilm - Luther in silent films - Résumé
Eugen Klöpfer as Martin Luther
Rudolf Lettinger as Luther's father
Elsa Wagner as Luther's mother
Livio Pavanelli as Luther's friend Alexius
Arthur Kraußneck as Staupitz
Karl Platen as Brother Franziskus
Theodor Loos as Melanchthon
Hermann Vallentin as Karlstadt
Karl Elzer as Friedrich the Wise
Werner Schott as Johann the Steadfast
Ferdinand von Alten as Miltitz
Bruno Kastner as Ulrich von Hutten
Leopold von Ledebur as Sickingen
Ernst Rückert ad Reichsherold Kaspar Sturm
Georg Schmieter as Georg von Frundsberg
Max Maximilian as Hans Sachs
Max Grünberg as Albrecht Dürer
Jakob Tiedtke as Tetzel
Hans Wassmann as Robber Baron
Alexander Murski as the printer Hans Lufft
Heinz Salfner as Palace Captain Berlepsch
Hans Carl Müller as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Max Schreck as  Alexander
Georg John as Cripple (disabled man)
Luther film
1928 movies
Movies about Martin Luther
Anthony Robert McMillan OBE (born 30 March 1950), known professionally as Robbie Coltrane, is a Scottish actor, author and comedian.
He is known both for his role as Dr. Eddie "Fitz" Fitzgerald in the British television series Cracker during the 1990s and as Rubeus Hagrid in the Harry Potter movies.
Coltrane was born on 30 March 1950 in Rutherglen, South Lanarkshire.
He now lives in Killearn Stirlingshire.
He has a son named Spencer and a daughter named Alice.
Coltrane began his acting career in his early twenties.
He took the stage name Coltrane in tribute to jazz saxophonist John Coltrane In 2006, Robbie received an OBE for his services to drama.
Filmography and awards
Scottish comedians
Martin Luther is a 1953 movie biography of Martin Luther.
It was directed by Irving Pichel, who also plays a supporting role.
The movie begins in the year 1505.
Luther goes into a monastery in Erfurt, but he is in fear of God.
One day he finds God's mercy in the New Testament (in Romans 1:17).
Later he published his Ninety-Five Theses.
In the year 1521, in the view of the pope, he should recant on the Diet of Worms.
But there he does it not.
Instead he says "Here I Stand".
The movie ends with the presentation of the Augsburg Confession.
1953 movies
1950s biographical movies
1950s historical movies
German biographical movies
Movies directed by Irving Pichel
Movies set in the 16th century
Martin Luther, Heretic was a movie made in 1983, the 500th anniversary of the birth of Martin Luther.
The movie starred Jonathan Pryce as Luther and Maurice Denham as Johann von Staupitz.
The movie begins in the year 1506, while Luther was a monk.
The movie ends in the year 1522, when Luther returns from his exile at Wartburg Castle to Wittenberg.
Potassium sulfide is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is K2S. It contains potassium and sulfide ions.
The potassium is in its +1 oxidation state.
Potassium sulfide is a colorless solid when it is pure.
Sometimes it is not pure and it is yellow-brown.
It reacts with water to make KHS, potassium hydrogen sulfide, and potassium hydroxide.
It reacts with acids to make hydrogen sulfide and a potassium salt.
Potassium sulfide is made by reacting potassium with sulfur.
Many times the potassium is dissolved in liquid ammonia.
It can also be made by reacting potassium sulfate with carbon.
It is made when black powder is burned.
Schoep's Ice Cream was founded by E.J. Schoephoester in 1928.
Schoephoester produced and sold the ice cream in his grocery store.
By 1937 Schoep's Ice Cream had become well known locally and E. B. Schoephoester sold his company to Peter B. Thomsen, a butter maker.
The company has been kept in the Thomsen family, and as of 2008 it was owned in part by nineteen members of the Thomsen family.
All of Schoep's Ice Cream is currently produced from a single factory located on Helena Street in Madison, Wisconsin.
As of 2008 Schoep's was producing 6,000 gallons of ice cream an hour and 2.5 million gallons a year.
With this high production rate, Schoep's has been recognized as the top producer of ice cream in the state of Wisconsin.
Due to this growth, in 2005, Schoep's opened a $7 million, 46,000-square-foot distribution center on Manufacturers Drive, near the Dane County Regional Airport.
This new facility features space for 3,600 pallets and 14 loading-dock doors.
Before this facility was built, Schoep's had shipped all of their ice cream from two loading docks at their factory.
Schoep's is not well known around the United States as Schoep's Ice Cream, but as Walgreens brand Ice Cream.
Since 1993 Schoep's has been the sole producer of ice cream sold under the Walgreens label.
This contract accounts for more than 25 percent of Schoep's business.
Companies based in Wisconsin
Brandon Flowers (born June 21, 1981) is an American musician.
He is the singer and keyboardist of American rock band The Killers.
He has also released a solo album called Flamingo.
He is married with three sons named Ammon, Gunnar and Henry.
He was born in Henderson, Nevada.
His parents are of Dutch, English, French, German, Lithuanian and Scottish descent.
Flowers won NME Awards in 2005 for "Best Dressed" (also nominated in 2006, 2007, & 2009).
He won "Sexiest Man" as well as an award for "Most Stylish" in 2011.
He won the award for "Most Stylish Man" at the 2008 GQ awards.
He was also listed as one of "The 50 Most Stylish Musicians of the Last 50 Years" by Esquire in 2011.
He was nominated for Q Awards 'Best Male Artist' in 2010.
He was also nominated for "Best Video" ("Crossfire") at the Shockwaves NME 2011 Awards.
Flamingo Road Tour (2010)
People from Henderson, Nevada
Luther is a 1974 movie about the life of Martin Luther.
The movie starred Stacy Keach as Luther.
The movie begins in the year 1506 and ends in the year 1526.
(in order of appearance)
Peter Cellier as Prior
Leonard Rossiter as Brother Weinand
Stacy Keach as Martin Luther
Patrick Magee as Luther's father
Thomas Heathcote as [Lucas, a] friend [of Luther's father]
Julian Glover as Knight
Matthew Guinness as reading monk
Hugh Griffith as John Tetzel
Maurice Denham as Johann von Staupitz, Vicar General
Alan Badel as Cardinal Cajetan de Vio
Robert Stephens as Johann von Eck
Bruce Carstairs as Duke Frederick, Elector of Saxony
Malcolm Stoddard as Emperor Charles the Fifth
Judi Dench as Luther's wife
Movies directed by Guy Green
Karate belts are a measure of a student/teacher ability.
For example, a Brown belt is higher than a Blue Belt.
Usual rank
All styles of karate range from white to black.
There are some theories about how belts came to be.
The "dying" theory
Some believe when a student graduated a kyu, he/she would dye their current belt the new, desired color.
This was often done in Japan during WWII when it was a very poor country.
The "dirty belt" theory
This is a theory that demonstrates how a student would, as they trained, dirty their belt overtime.
More of a myth than a theory, a student started with a white belt.
As sweat, dirt, and other debris occupied not only the belt, but the karate gi, his/her color appeared to get darker and closer to black.
Luther is a 1965 movie about the life of Martin Luther.
The movie starred Alec McCowen as Luther.
Black (sub-divided by dan)
Luther is a 1964 movie about the life of Martin Luther.
The movie starred Terry Norris as Luther.
The movie  is a version of John Osborne's biographical play, presenting the life of Martin Luther.
MemorabletTV.com - Australian TV - Labor In Power to Luther
Luther is a 1968 movie  about the life of Martin Luther.
The movie  starred Robert Shaw as Luther.
Robert Shaw - Movie Photos - Luther (TV 1968)
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), also known as PENT, PENTA, TEN, corpent, penthrite (or — rarely and primarily in German — as nitropenta) is one of the most powerful high explosives known.
It has  a relative effectiveness factor (R.E. factor) of 1.66.
PETN can be used as a plastic explosive.
PETN can also be use as a  drug to treat certain heart conditions, such as angina pectoris.
In this context, it helps widening blood vessels, which is known as vasodilatation.
PETN is among the most widely used substances for vasodilatation.
A Dan is a measure of advanced rank, often used in martial arts and the board game go.
It usually ranges from 1 to 10, with higher numbers indicating greater skill.
In martial arts, it is used for black belts only.
In go or shogi, players of 1 Dan or above can be considered "masters".
Dan literally means "step" in Japanese.
Usually, the belt of a Dan martial artist will have a number of strips according to the person's rank.
Dan in Japan
Notable players with higher dan
The term dan might refer to:
Dan (rank), a very advanced rank in martial arts
Dan (name), a common male name, short form of Daniel
Deinotherium was a large proboscidean related to modern elephants.
Their downward curving tusks are notable.
They are known from the middle miocene to the early pliocene.
There were several species of Deinotherium that inhabited parts of Africa, Asia and Europe.
The Deinotherium was larger than today’s elephants.
The way Deinotherium used its curious tusks has been much debated.
It may have rooted in soil for underground plant parts like roots and tubers, pulled down branches to snap them and reach leaves, or stripped soft bark from tree trunks.
Deinotherium fossils have been uncovered at several of the African sites where remains of prehistoric hominid relatives of modern humans have also been found.
Tiruchirappalli is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Its name in Tamil means "town of the respected Chira (name of a Jain monk)".
It is also often called Trichy or Tiruchi.
It was also called Trichinopoly by the British.
Tiruchirappalli is the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirapalli District.
It is the fourth-largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu.
About 10,67,912 people lived there in 2008.
It is a very old city with many important temples, monuments, churches and mosques.
The famous temples being Rockfort Temple, Srirangam Temple, Thiruvanaikkovil Temple, Samayapuram Temple, Nachiyar Kovil etc.
Nearby, Woraiyur, the old Trichy, is where the early Chola kings had their capital city, until about 850.
There are picnic / sightseeing spots in and around trichy like Kallanai (Grand Anaicut) built by Karikala Cholan, Mukkombu.
ROM, read only memory
The POST, in most computers, is a self-test that checks the OS(s) available and boots from the OS selected.
POST stands for Power On Self Test.
Computers that have an operating system perform a POST before loading the OS, and many imbedded systems also do a POST.
A POST usually checks the crucial, files, folders, and components.
Once the POST is completed, a selected OS will take control and finish the startup process.
LKGC (Last Known Good Configuration) reverts to the last non-problematic, successful bootup.
It is similar to System Restore, but its primary function is to allow the user to use the computer normally, unlike System Restore, which does not guarantee a fix.
Also, LKGC is unrevertable, unless you successfully bootup again.
System Restore works by allowing the user to open a wizard, then select a "restore point".
The user must restart for the point to take effect, but the system will start as normal.
System Repair is typically found on the hard disk of your computer and contains options that can be used to fix the system.
However, in serious cases, the OS may need to be reinstalled.
A kill screen is a screen that prevents progress from the player.
The screens in some games stop the game with gibberish or otherwise impossible figures.
In Pac-Man, at a certain level the screen overflows and spreads fruits and ghosts across the arcade machine's screen.
Games with kill screens
A regular expression (abbreviated regexp or regex) is a way to describe sets of characters using syntactic rules.
Many programming languages use or support regular expressions.
A regular expression is then used by a special program or part of a programming language.
This program will either generate a parser that can be used to match expressions or it will match such expressions itself.
The sequence of characters "car" appearing consecutively in any context, such as in "car", "cartoon", or "bicarbonate"
The sequence of characters "car" occurring in that order with other characters between them, such as in "Icelander" or "chandler"
The word "car" when it appears as an isolated word
The word "car" when preceded by the word "blue" or "red"
The word "car" when not preceded by the word "motor"
A dollar sign immediately followed by one or more digits, and then optionally a period and exactly two more digits (for example, "$10" or "$245.99").
This does not match "$ 5", because of the space between the dollar sign and the digit, nor "€25", because there is no dollar sign.
Regular expressions can be much more complex than these examples.
Many regular expression languages also support "wildcard" characters.
Doktor Martinus Luther (translated: Doctor Martinus Luther) is a 1911 German movie about the life of Martin Luther.
This movie is a silent movie.
It starred Hermann Litt as Luther.
Esther Pia Wipfler: Luther im Stummfilm: Zum Wandel protestantischer Mentalität im Spiegel der FIlmgeschichte bis 1930.
In: Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 98 (2007), S. 167–198; ; Vgl.
Abstract auf der Interseite des Institut de l’information scientifique et technique
Filmportal.de - Doktor Martinus Luther
Murnau-Stiftung - Doktor Martinus Luther - 1911
1911 movies
Die Wittenberger Nachtigall () is a 1913 German movie about the life of Martin Luther.
It is a silent movie.
It starred Rudolf Essek as Luther.
Die Wittenberger Nachtigall - decision to censore the film
Filmportal.de Die Wittenberger Nachtigall (1913)
Filmportal.de Der Weg zur Sonne (1920/1921)
Filmportal.de Doktor Martin Luther.
Ein Lebensbild fürs deutsche Volk (1927)
Collector’s Homepage Autographs: Rudolf Essek
Die Wittenberger Nachtigall - decision to censore the film (German)
1913 movies
Disput u noći (translated: Dispute in the Night) is a 1976 movie.
The movie is about a dispute between Desiderius Erasmus and Martin Luther.
So the movie shows parts of the life of Martin Luther.
Serbian movies
Martin Luther is a 1923 silent movie about the life of Martin Luther.
The movie starred Karl Wüstenhagen as Luther.
Filmportal.de - Martin Luther (1923)
1923 movies
The 1986 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1986 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1986 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1986.
These dates usually contain the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
The number of storms this season was slightly above average.
There were eight tropical storms, and six hurricanes.
However, the number of major hurricanes was below average with three.
Hurricane Agatha
On May 22, a tropical depression (a large and organized cloud mass) formed.
It took a rare southeast track.
On May 24, the depression made a lope strengthened into Tropical Storm Agatha.
Agatha headed almost due north.
On May 25, reached minimal hurricane strength and turned to the east-southeast.
Agatha weakened back to a  tropical storm and then a tropical depression as it continued paralleling the coast of Mexico.
Agatha restrengthened into a tropical storm for 12 hours on May 28 and 29 before dissipating for good that same day.
Hurricane Estelle
At midday on July 16, a tropical depression formed.
It acquired gale-force winds 12 hours later and was named Estelle.
On July 18, it intensified into a hurricane.
In an environment that favored an increase of the storm's winds, Estelle continued strengthening, and became the first major hurricane of the season on July 20.
Estelle's forward motion increased to close to 20 knots.
Estelle's path took it towards a potential landfall on the Big Island.
Due to a shearing environment from a trough, Estelle weakened as it continued approaching Hawaii.
A possible recurve never materialized, and the cyclone continued its path towards the Hawaiian Islands.