the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
As the title of the song suggest, Beyoncé plays the role of the naughty girl in several sexy sequences, as she can be seen dancing seductively with Usher emulating Cyd Charisse and Fred Astaire in The Band Wagon.
Naughty Girl Part 2 (feat.
Jae R)
Naughty Girl (Calderone Quayle Naughty Dub)
Naughty Girl (Calderone Fierce Ruling Diva's Whore Dipped In Honey Mix)
Naughty Girl (Remix) (feat Lil' Flip)
Naughty Girl (Remix) (feat.
Lil' Flip & Stack Bundles)
Lil' Kim)
Naughty Girl (Jones & Impure Vibelicious Remix)
Naughty Girl (Junior's World Re-edit Mix)
Naughty Girl/Living For The City (The Beyonce Experience Version)
Naughty Girl (Junior's Feeling Like An Orchid)
Naughty Girl (Junior's World Mixshow)
Naughty Girl (Junior's Naughty Marathon Mix)
Naughty Girl (Love To Infinity DMC Mix)
Naughty Girl (The Popstar Club Anthem)
Naughty Girl (Dr. Octavo Kobra Mix)
Naughty Girl (Dr. Octavo Crew Magic Lamp Mix)
Naughty Girl (Dr. Octavo Crew Pharaoh Mix)
Naughty Girl (Dr. Octavo Desert Mix)
Naughty Girl (Eric Sermon Remix) (feat.
Redman)
Roesy on Even Better than the Real Thing Vol.
Richard Cheese and Lounge Against the Machine covered the song on their 2006 album Silent Nightclub.
The original Yankee Stadium was a baseball stadium in New York City, New York in the United States.
It was opened in 1923.
The MLB team New York Yankees played there until 2008.
The Yankees moved to the new Yankee Stadium starting with the 2009 season.
The stadium was also the home field of the New York Giants football team from the mid-1950s into the early 1970s.
It was also used for college football, soccer, boxing matches, musical events, and even a mass conducted by the Pope.
The stadium was also called the "House that Ruth Built" by many to honor Babe Ruth, a Yankee who hit many home runs during the stadium's first years.
The stadium was torn down in early 2009.
Former Major League Baseball venues
Former National Football League venues
Sports buildings in New York City
The Allied powers who defeated Nazi Germany in World War II divided the country into four occupation zones  from 1945 to 1949.
The British zone consisted of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg,  Lower Saxony and the present-day state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
The British military government was based in Bad Oeynhausen.
Bremen and Bremerhaven were surrounded by the British Zone, but were given to the United States, so that the Americans had a port.
What is now Rhineland-Palatinate was to be a part of the British Zone.
It was given up to form part of the French occupation zone.
In May 1949 the British, French, and American zones were joined to form the Federal Republic of Germany.
The military governors were replaced by civilian high commissioners.
The high commissioners were part-governor and part-ambassador.
The occupation officially continued until 1955.
This is when the Federal Republic became a fully sovereign state, the western occupation zones ceased to exist, and the high commissioners were replaced by normal ambassadors.
But the four allied powers still had special rights and responsibilities in Germany until the Final Settlement of 1990.
The military governors and commissioners
Military governors
22 May 1945 - 30 April 1946 Sir Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein
1 May 1946 - 31 October 1947 William Sholto Douglas
1 November 1947 - 21 September 1949 Gen. Sir Brian Robertson, Bt.
High commissioners
21 September 1949 - 24 June 1950  Gen. Sir Brian Robertson, Bt.
24 June 1950 - 29 September 1953  Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick
29 September 1953 - 5 May 1955  Sir Frederick Hoyer-Millar
Allied occupation zone
1940s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Greater Hesse () was a part of the American Occupation Zone  of Germany after World War II
The German Empire broke up after World War I.  The Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt () became the People's State of Hesse () on 2 March 1919.
After World War II, on 19 September 1945, the American Military Government joined Hesse-Darmstadt (except for Rheinhessen) with parts of  the Prussian provinces of Kurhessen and Nassau to form Greater-Hesse.
1946 disestablishments in Europe
Mioriţa (The Little Ewe) is a Romanian traditional ballad.
Mioriţa in Romanian
Mioriţa in English  (translation by W. D. Snodgrass)
Muzio Clementi was an Italian composer in classical period who lived from 1752 to 1832.
He was born in Rome, Italy.
He was the first composer to write music for the pianoforte which made use of the instrument's special features.
He was also the first virtuoso performer on the instrument.
As a composer, performer, and maker of pianos, he is known as the "father of the pianoforte.
Clementi was born in Rome on January 23, 1752.
He was the eldest child of Nicolo Clementi, a silversmith, and Magdalena Kaiser.
Clementi began to learn music from Antonio Baroni (1738-1792), who was a relative.
Baroni was in charge of the choir at St. Peter's Basilica.
He also had lessons from the organist, Cordicelli, Giuseppe Santarelli (1710-1790) and Gaetano Carpani.
When he was 13, he became the church organist at San Lorenzo in Damaso (Saint Lawrence in the House of Damascus), a parish church in Rome.
He had also started writing music including an oratorio, Martirio de' gloriosi Santi Giuliano and a mass.
In 1766, Sir Peter Beckford, heard him playing the harpsichord.
He took Clementi back to England with him, so that he could provide the musical entertainment at Beckford's house in Dorset.
He died in Evesham, Worcestershire, after a short illness.
1752 births
Musicians from Rome
Chromatography is the separation of the parts of a mixture for chemical analysis and identification.
The outcome  depends on the speed at which the mixed substances move through special media, or chemical substances.
It consists of a stationary phase (a solid) and a mobile phase (a liquid or a gas).
The mobile phase flows through the stationary phase.
Chromatography is much used in biochemistry and analytical chemistry.
Flat-plane chromatography
Paper chromatography
Paper chromatography is a technique for separating and identifying mixtures that are (or can be) coloured.
It has been largely replaced by thin layer chromatography, but is still a powerful teaching tool.
Double-way paper chromatography, also called 'two-dimensional chromatography', uses two solvents and rotates the paper 90° in between.
It is useful for separating complex mixtures of compounds having similar polarity, for example, amino acids.
The compounds used initially ensures you to know whether the colour is pure, (one substance only) or mixtures (multiple substances.)
Thin layer chromatography (TLCC) is a common laboratory technique similar to paper chromatography.
Instead of a stationary phase of paper, it uses a  thin layer of adsorbent like silica gel, alumina, or cellulose on a flat substrate.
Compared to paper, it has the advantage of faster runs, better separations, and the choice between different adsorbents.
For even better resolution and to allow for quantification, high-performance TLC can be used.
Column chromatography
Column chromatography separates compounds using many chemical actions between the chemical being tested and the chromatography column (a rod with a blending of special chemicals).
The column is run using either gravity or a pump.
The mixed substance to be tested is added in a small amount and is slowed by certain chemical or physical activity with the chemicals in the chromatography column.
The amount of slowing depends on the type of chemicals in the substance being tested and the different phases.
The time at which a certain chemical elutes (comes out of the end of the column) is called the "retention time" and there is thought to be only one for one chemical.
The most common stationary phase for column chromatography is silica gel, followed by alumina.
Cellulose powder has been used in the past.
The mobile phase is either a pure solvent or a mixture of solvents.
It is chosen to
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is also sometimes referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography.
It is column chromatography run under pressure to raise the speed of the process.
The iPhone is a series of smartphones made by Apple Inc since 2007.
It does many things that a computer can do, but is small enough to fit in someone's hand.
It is a mobile phone, meaning that it makes calls and sends text messages but without wires.
There're many types of iPhones, such as the model iPhone X.
The iPhone can access the Internet as well, either using a cellular network or over Wi-Fi.
Like an iPod, it plays music and videos that have been downloaded from the Internet directly, or which have been put on it by connecting it to a personal computer, which is called syncing.
It also has a calendar and 1, 2 or 3 built-in cameras.
A user can make it do many other things, such as run video games, by downloading apps from the App Store.
The iPhone doesn't have as many buttons as other well-known phones in the early days, such as those made by companies like Motorola and Nokia.
Instead, it had a touch screen that covers much of the front of the phone.
People control the phone by touching things that appear on the screen with a finger or two.
This technology is called multi-touch, and involves tapping, dragging, and even typing on a keyboard picture shown on the screen.
All iPhones run on a mobile operating system which Apple calls "iOS".
A new version of iOS comes out every year, each having more features than the one before.
Each new iPhone comes with the latest version of iOS, and older iPhones usually also get a software update to the latest version.
The more-recent iPhones, such as the iPhone 13 and variants of it, use iOS 15 and came out in September 2021.
Historical Information
The original iPhone was released on June 29, 2007.
In the first month on sale (Jul 2007), it sold 2.315 million units.
On July 11, 2008, the iPhone 3G was released which, hence the name, got upgraded with 3G wireless internet.
On June 17, 2009, Apple released the iPhone 3GS which featured a compass and a 3.2-megapixel video camera.
On June 24, 2010, a new version of the iPhone, the iPhone 4, was released.
It has the Face Time-camera included, which is placed on the screen side and allows taking self-portraits while looking at the viewfinder.
The Face Time-camera is less advanced than the back camera, but can be used for video-telephony, where the members of the talking can see each other on the screen.
Additionally, it has an updated operating system that allows quicker navigation of all the features.
This operating system is called IOS.
The iPhone 4 also has more pixels (326 ppi; 960×640) on the screen than previous version of the iPhone, which makes all features such as pictures and videos look sharper.
A minor upgrade to the iPhone 4 was the iPhone 4S. It came on October 14, 2011, and had a new feature called Siri, which is a voice activation system.
Additionally, it is able to record videos in 1080p-FullHD-resolution, which is 2.25× times higher than 720p, so that each still frame from the video contains more details.
This makes it possible to see smaller items on the footage in a sharper, clearer way.
Additionally, it allows zooming into the video to see more details.
The iPhone 5 was released on September 21, 2012.
The most noticeable change is its bigger 4 inch screen, which had the same pixel density and the same width on the short axis, but it was taller (1136×640 pixels).
On September 10, 2013, two new iPhones called the 5C and 5S were announced.
They were released on September 20, 2013.
The iPhone 5S has a new unlocking system called Touch ID which reads your fingerprint.
The iPhone 5C is a cheaper model of the iPhone 5S which is also the first iPhone available in different colors that aren't black and white.
The internal hardware specifications (which means, capabilities) of the iPhone 5C are identical to the iPhone 5.
Only the size of the battery has increased by 51 mAh, (1456→1507 mAh), and the design, which deviant from the Apple standard design language, which means, that it looks and feels distinguishable (different) than the other iPhones.
Like iPhone 6, the design does not allow the iPhone 5C to stand like a domino stone.
The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus were released on September 19, 2014.
They both have bigger screens than the iPhone 5, measuring at 4.7 inches and 5.5 inches, respectively.
The iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus were released on September 25, 2015.
They both come in a new color, Rose Gold.
The iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and X were released in 2017 respectively.
The iPhone XR, XS, and XS Max were released in 2018 respectively.
The iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max were released in 2019 respectively.
The iPhone SE (2nd gen), 12 mini, 12, 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max were released in 2020 respectively.
The iPhone 13 mini, 13, 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max were released in 2021 respectively.
In most places, the iPhone is only allowed with carriers (cellphone service providers) that Apple has an agreement with.
Someone who buys an iPhone also signs a contract with the carrier, which is an agreement to pay for their services.
A mobile phone contract usually lasts for one or two years, and the person buying the phone pays the carrier every month.
At first, they pay less than the iPhone is worth because they will pay the rest later through fees as part of their contract.
The contract also says the iPhone may only be used on their network.
However, some people do not like that, so they unlock their iPhone so it can be used with other carriers.
Jailbreaking
Other people "jailbreak" their iPhones to allow it to do more things.
Apple does not allow many of these changes.
In hopes of discouraging this, Apple voids the warranty when an iPhone is "unlocked" or "jailbroken."
Though in August 2011 jailbreaking was declared legal.
Apple made a Software Development Kit for the iPhone, which lets people make their own software for it.
However, the software cannot be sold without Apple's permission.
The software that is made is sold at the App Store.
More than a million of apps are available to buy.
Apple iPhone - Official website
A concert hall is a place where concerts of classical music take place.
“Concert hall” can either mean the actual room where the concerts takes place, or the whole building.
The hall where the concerts are held may have a “stage” (where the performers are) and there will be an “auditorium” where the audience sits.
Some concert halls are purpose-built.
That means they were built to be concert halls.
Other concert halls may have been something else many years ago, e.g. a Corn Exchange (a place where farmers used to sell their corn) and the building has later been changed into a concert hall.
Purpose-built concert halls started about the beginning of the 20th century.
At that time scientists began to understand the importance of good acoustics (somewhere where the sound was good).
Concert halls that are purpose-built usually have fixed seating (seats that cannot be moved).
Some halls may have seats that can be moved, either by stacking them in small piles, or tiered seating that can fold up.
This allows the hall to be used for other things, e.g. dancing.
A concert hall is usually a big hall: big enough for an orchestra to be on the stage.
A small concert hall, designed for just a few performers (as in chamber music) may be called a “recital hall”.
Some concert halls are especially famous.
In London there is the Royal Festival Hall on the banks of the river Thames, the Barbican Centre in the City (near St Paul’s Cathedral) and the Royal Albert Hall in Kensington which is used for other events as well.
There is also a famous recital hall called the Wigmore Hall.
New York has the Carnegie Hall, Vienna has the Vienna Musikverein with a beautiful hall called the Golden Hall where the famous New Year’s Day concerts are given.
In Germany there is the Berliner Philharmonie in Berlin and the Gewandhaus in Leipzig.
In Amsterdam there is the Concertgebouw (which means: "concert hall").
Concert halls
A madrigal is a special kind of song for a small group of people to sing.
Madrigals were popular in the 16th and 17th centuries.
This was the end of the Renaissance music and beginning of the Baroque periods.
They started in Italy and became very popular for a short time in England as well as in France.
The words of madrigals are always about secular (non-religious) things, e.g. about love.
When Italian composers started writing madrigals the kinds of songs they knew were the frottola, the motet and the French chanson (song).
The first madrigals were for 2 or 3 voices, but later many madrigals were written for 4 or 5 voices.
These voices might be single voices (one person to each part) or several people.
Sometimes the lines would also be played by an instrument, but the madrigal is usually sung unaccompanied.
The madrigal was the most important secular form of music of its time.
In Italy it was very popular between about 1550 and 1630.
In England the madrigal period was about 1588 to 1620.
In 1533 a book called Primo libro di Madrigali (First Book of Madrigals) was collected and published by Philippe Verdelot in Venice.
It made madrigals very popular.
Jacob Arcadelt published several volumes of madrigals which were very important for their development.
In 1588 in England Nicholas Yonge published a collected called Musica Transalpina (Music from over the Alps).
These were Italian madrigals with translated texts.
The madrigal suddenly became extremely popular in England and remained so until after 1620 when it gradually became less important.
People liked madrigals because they were fun.
Whenever possible the composer made the music sound like the word being sung.
A word like “smile” would have quick music, “sigh” would have a note followed by a short rest, as if the singer were sighing, “rise so high” would be sung to music which rose very high.
This kind of thing was called “word-painting”.
It can be found in religious music as well, but the way it was used in madrigals was new and exciting.
Very often there would be a verse and a refrain which was often just sung to words such as “fa la la la la”.
The songs were often about shepherds and shepherdesses falling in love.
The  most important composers of madrigals in Italy were Giovanni da Palestrina, Luca Marenzio, Jacques Arcadelt, Adrian Willaert, Cipriano de Rore, Carlo Gesualdo, Giaches de Wert and Claudio Monteverdi.
In England they were William Byrd, Thomas Morley, John Wilbye, Thomas Weelkes, John Dowland, Orlando Gibbons and Thomas Tomkins.
About the franco-flemish , Orlando di Lasso, Josquin des Prez .
About the spanish, Tomás Luis de Victoria, Mateo Flecha.
Performance of madrigals
Nowadays, madrigals are often sung by high school or college madrigal choirs often as an after-dinner entertainment.
Sometimes the singers wear Renaissance costumes.
The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was one of the Ernestine duchies.
Ernest, who became elector of Saxony in 1464, divided his territory between his sons, andover the years more and more small duchies existed.
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was reformed on 29 July 1735, although Coburg and Saalfeld had had the same ruler since 1699.
As only men could be the rulers of the duchies, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ceased to exist in 1825, when the last male descendant of the dukes of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg died.
The various dukes reorganised their territories.
Saalfeld went the dukes of Saxe-Meiningen, Altenburg went to the Duke of Saxe-Hildburgausen, who gave Hildburghausen to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.
Gotha and Coburg were combined into the new duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
States of the German Confederation
Halo: Combat Evolved is a first-person shooter video game.
It starts the game series called Halo.
It came out in 2001 for Xbox and was released on the personal computer later.
It became very popular and has made a lot of money.
Many people say it is the Xbox's "killer app", which means the best program for a system.
Because it was liked by so many people, there have even been 6 books and a Graphic Novel written about it.
Halo is rated M for mature.
The game setting is on or around a giant ring-shaped structure in space.
The ring has plants and animals that live on it.
It is very old and was made long ago by a civilization called the "Forerunners."
In the game, the year is 2552.
In the storyline, humans have created faster than light travel, and now live on many planets  and moons in and out of the Solar System, both fictional and real.
In the year 2525, humans living on a planet around another star met several alien species.
They are grouped together and known as the Covenant.
The Covenant declared religious war on the humans.
The game starts with a ship, The Pillar of Autumn.
It arrives at Halo, surrounded by many Covenant Ships.
Warning: Spoilers*
Master Chief is the last super soldier who is able to fight on the Pillar of Autumn.
The Pillar of Autumn jumped (teleported) from the planet Reach.
Reach was being destroyed, so they escaped.
The ship is piloted by Captain Keyes.
The ship arrives in front of Halo.
Halo is surrounded by many Covenant ships.
The Covenant board the Pillar of Autumn to kill the humans.
Keyes orders the Master Chief (who is sleeping while frozen) to be awakened.
After putting Cortana (an Artificial Intelligence) in his head, the Master Chief escapes in a lifepod with other Marines.
He did this on order by Captain Keyes, who knew they could not win.
Captain Keyes decides to crash his ship onto Halo, before it is completely destroyed by the Covenant.
The Master Chief rescues as many Marines as he can.
Cortana discovers Captain Keyes is still alive.
Master Chief goes to rescue him from a Covenant Ship.
They escape with the Captain and more Marines.
They find a map-room to find the control room for Halo.
They want to stop the Covenant from using Halo, because it is a weapon.
The Master Chief fights through many aliens to the Control Room.
He puts Cortana into the data.
She discovers something terrible and tells the Master Chief to find Captain Keyes.
Captain Keyes went with several Marines to destroy a take or destroy a supply of Covenant Weapons.
The Master Chief discovers the Captain was attacked by a different enemy.
They are called the Flood.
The Flood are a species of parasite, which can infect bodies and turn them into Combat Forms (which are fast zombies that can use weapons).
He finds a flying machine that protects Halo.
It is named 343 Guilty Spark.
It explains that he should turn on Halo's weapons to destroy the Flood.
The Flood want to escape Halo and infect other species.
The Master Chief must get an Index to do activate Halo.
The Master Chief gets the Index (which can activate Halo's weapons).
They both go to the ring's control room to activate its weapons.
Surprisingly, they find Cortana that tells to the Chief that the ring can not destroy the Flood.
It destroys the food of the Flood.
This means humans, Covenant and all other suitable living species.
Following Cortana's suggestions, Master Chief goes to the Pillar of Autumn.
As he destroys the core of the ship, he escapes.
He uses a human spaceship to get into space while the explosion destroys Halo.
The main character in the game is Master Chief.
It is the character the player controls in the game.
Other main characters are Cortana and 343 Guilty Spark, the two machines.
Apart from them, other human characters appear who fight in the side of the player against the aliens and the flood.
The most notable are Sergeant Johnson and Captain Keyes.
In the first Halo game, there are no alien characters who play an important role in the game.
However, in the next two halo games, Halo 2 and Halo 3, many important alien characters appear.
Bungie - The official website of the game
bungie.org
Sonora is a Mexican state, in the northwestern Mexico region.
Sonora borders the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south, and Baja California to the northwest.
To the north Sonora accounts for a long stretch of the U.S.-Mexico border adjacent to the U.S. states of Arizona and  New Mexico; to the west it borders the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez).
There are various explanations as to the origin of the word Sonora.
Here, we will tell you some of the most widely accepted versions.
One of these says that when the Spaniards arrived in the lands occupied by the Opata people, they built a chapel and painted an image of the Virgin on a buffalo skin.
Over time, when the Opatas began to worship the Virgin, they used to call her Senora instead of the Spanish word Señora (Our Lady).
Finally, it would seem that this word became Sonora as we know it today.
Another version has it that Sonora is derived from the Opata word, sonotl which means corn leaf.
A legend speaks of an indigenous group that lived near the village of Huépac, and who used corn leaves to cover the walls and roofs of their huts.
Yet another version insists that the word comes from the name of a tribe that lived on the banks of the Sonora River; these people were known as the Sonora Indians.
This river crosses a large part of the state.
It is also useful to understand that, just as Mexico has its national emblems, so the state of Sonora has its own coat-of-arms.
A monsoon is a seasonal wind which lasts for several months.
The word was first used in English for the seasonal rains in the Indian subcontinent.
These rains blow in from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area.
Monsoons happen because of a simple fact: land heats up faster than water.
The temperature difference between the land and sea can be as much as 20°C – land temperatures in India can be hotter than 45°C, while the surrounding water in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea remains in the low 20s.
The heat absorbed by the land warms the air above it.
The hot air rises, and cooler ocean air rushes inland to replace it.
As it moves, it carries moisture with it, releasing it over land as the summer monsoon (also known as southwest monsoon).
The hot air over the land tends to rise, creating an area of low pressure.
This creates a steady wind blowing toward the land, bringing the moist near-surface air over the oceans with it.
Rainfall is increased by the moist ocean air being lifted upwards by mountains, as with the Tibetan Plateau, and by surface heating.
Baja California is a Mexican state in the northern section of the Baja California Peninsula.
It borders the state Baja California Sur to the south, and Sonora to the east.
It also borders the U.S. state of California to the north.
It means "Lower California".
The Dangerously In Love World Tour was singer Beyoncé's first solo concert tour, intended to showcase songs from her debut solo album, Dangerously in Love.
The show
The set list included not only Dangerously in Love material, but also contained a special segment of her show dedicated to her erstwhile group Destiny's Child.
This concert also featured songs from Beyoncé's 2003 film The Fighting Temptations ("Fever" and "Summertime").
A highlight for many fans was her performance of "Dangerously in Love 2".
"Baby Boy"
"Naughty Girl"  Costume Change
"Fever"  Costume Change
"Hip Hop Star"
"Work It Out"  Costume Change
"Gift from Virgo"
"Be with You"
"DC Medley": "Bug a Boo"/"No, No, No Part 2"/"Bootylicious"/"Jumpin' Jumpin'"/"Say My Name"/"Independent Women Part I"/"'03 Bonnie & Clyde"/"Survivor"
"Summertime"  Costume Change
"Dangerously in Love 2"  Costume Change
"Crazy in love"
2003 in Europe
2000s in Manchester
21st century in London
Déjà Vu is a funk song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Rodney Jerkins, Delisha Thomas, Makeba, Keli Nicole Price, and Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter for Knowles' second solo album, B'Day (2006).
It features rapper Jay-Z and production by Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, utilizing the bass, hi-hat, and the 808 instruments and sound system, reminiscent of many popular Rich Harrison productions.
Released as the album's lead single in the third quarter of 2006, "Déjà Vu" reached number one in Brazil, China, Poland, and the United Kingdom.
While the song failed to match the success of 2003's "Crazy in Love", it entered the top ten on the majority of the charts it appeared on.
It also was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration and Best R&B Song at the 2007 Grammy Awards.
If is an R&B ballad by Beyoncé Knowles.
The song is her final single from her second album B'Day: Deluxe Edition.
The song was most likely chosen due to the fact that originally it was not available in the U.S. as it was an international track, but due to the Des'ree law suit, the U.S. version of the album with the track "Still In Love (Kissing You)" was replaced by a version with "If".
A CD single of the song was created for her official fan club and is available for purchase from their online store.
2000s ballads
#1's is a compilation album released by R&B group Destiny's Child.
It was released on October 25, 2005 charting at #1 on the Billboard album chart, and at #6 on the UK album chart.
It is the best selling greatest-hits album by a female group.
Despite the album's title, only 5 of the singles went to the #1 spot on the Billboard Hot 100, and one single, ("Check On It") was sung solely by Beyonce with an additional rap from Slim Thug.
Stand Up for Love (2005 World Children's Day Anthem)
Soldier (feat.
T.I. & Lil Wayne)
Check on It (Beyoncé feat.
Slim Thug)
Bug A Boo
No, No, No|No, No, No Part 2 (feat.
Wyclef Jean)
Feel The Same Way I Do
"Brown Eyes" (Int.
bonus track)
"So Good" (Japan bonus track)
"Nasty Girl" (Japan bonus track)
Destiny's Child albums
2005 albums
In 2004, Ciara released her debut studio album Goodies, which produced three hit singles: "Goodies," "1, 2 Step," and "Oh."
The album was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and earned her four nominations at the 48th Grammy Awards.
She released her second studio album, Ciara: The Evolution, in 2006 which spawned the hit singles "Get Up," "Promise," and "Like a Boy."
The album reached number one in the US and was certified platinum.
Her third studio album Fantasy Ride, released in 2009, was considerably less successful than Ciara's first two albums.
However, it produced the worldwide top-ten hit "Love Sex Magic"  featuring Justin Timberlake, which earned her a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.
The following year, Ciara released her fourth studio album Basic Instinct, which was met with low sales and continued a downward trend in her commercial success.
In 2011, she signed a new record deal with Epic Records, and  she released her  fifth studio album, Jackie, which is preceded by the lead single, "Sorry” in 2015.
In 2019, she released her sixth studio album, Beauty Marks, which is preceded by the hit lead singles, "Level Up", “Thinkin  Bout You” and the album titled song “Beauty Marks “.
On Ciara's 28th birthday, Future asked her if she would marry him.
They became engaged but was the engagement was called off later that year.
January 14, 2014 Ciara said on The View that she was pregnant with Future's child.
In June 2016, she married Seattle Seahawks  NFL star quarterback Russell Wilson.
They had their  first child, Sienna Princess Wilson, on April 29, 2017.
Goodies (2004)
Ciara: The Evolution (2006)
Fantasy Ride (2009)
Basic Instinct (2010)
Ciara (2013)
Jackie (2015)
Beauty Marks (2019)
2006: The Evolution Tour
2007: Screamfest '07 (with T.I.)
2009: Jay-Z & Ciara Live (with Jay-Z)
2010: Basic Instanct Tour
2015: Jackie Tour
2019: ''Beauty Marks Tour
Supporting act
2007: Good Girl Gone Bad Tour
2009: The Circus Starring Britney Spears
2010: Summerbeatz
The city is located 65 kilometers from the Black Sea along the estuary of the Southern Buh river (where it meets the Inhul River) at around .
Population 514,000 (as of 2001 Ukrainian Census).
Administrative status
It is the administrative center of the Mykolaiv Oblast (province), as well as of both the Mykolaivsky and Zhovtnevy raions (districts) within the oblast.
However, Mykolaiv is a city of oblast subordinance, thus being subject directly to the oblast authorities rather to the raion administration housed in the city itself.
The town was founded in 1789 by the Russian Governor General of  Novorossiya Knyaz Potemkin initially as a shipyard called simply a New Shipyard on the Ingul river.
Knyaz Potemkin signed an order to construct a shipyard on August 27, 1789, which is considered to be a city birth date.
The shipyard was to serve for the repair of the Russian Navy ships in the Russo-Turkish war.
Later Potemkin ordered the shipyard to be named Nikolaev to commemorate the date of fall of Ochakov to the Russian troops under his command on December 6, 1788, close to the day of Saint Nicholas (Nikolay) December 19, in the Russian Orthodox Church.
The only  Russian Navy aircraft carrier currently in commission, Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza Kuznetsov, was built in Mykolaiv.
Today Mykolaiv is a major ship building center of Ukraine (as, earlier, of the whole Soviet Union) and an important riverport.
The city has 3 major shipyards some of which are capable of building large navy ships.
Other important industries are mechanical engineering, power engineering, metallurgy and cosmetics.
Wikimapia - Satellite map of Mykolaiv at Wikimapia
1789 establishments
1780s establishments in Europe
Akkad  or the Akkadian Empire (Sumerian: Agade, Bible: Accad) was the oldest empire in history.
It was located in Mesopotamia.
The Akkadian empire reached its peak during the rule of Sargon of Akkad in the 24th and 22nd centuries BCE, and it eventually collapsed in 2154 BCE.
The ruins have not been found, but it is believed to be on the River Euphrates.
The empire comes after a long relationship with Sumer, and before the ethnic Akkadian empires of Babylonia and Assyria.
According to the Sumerian king list, Akkad (Agade) was built by Sargon of Akkad, 23th century BC, and is often called the first empire in history.
Even so, it is known from older cuneiform writings that the city was already there before Sargon, in the time of the kings of Uruk.
According to the Bible (Genesis 10:10), it was one of the cities started by Nimrod.
Also, in the earliest records, when Mesopotamian kings started calling themselves "lord of the four quarters" around Sumer, these were listed as: Martu, Shubar, Elam, and Uri-ki.
Sargon conquered many of the surrounding regions.
He created an empire which reached as far as the Mediterranean Sea and Anatolia, and extended his rule to Elam, and as far south as Oman.
He ruled over this area for 56 years.
Trade extended from the silver mines of Anatolia to the lapis lazuli mines in Afghanistan, the cedars of Lebanon and the copper of Oman.
This consolidation of the city-states of Sumer and Akkad reflected the growing economic and political power of Mesopotamia.
The empire's breadbasket was the rain-fed agricultural system of northern Mesopotamia and a chain of fortresses was built to control the imperial wheat production.
Images of Sargon were erected on the shores of the Mediterranean, in token of his victories, and cities and palaces were built at home with the spoils of the conquered lands.
Elam and the northern part of Mesopotamia (Subartu)  were also subjugated and rebellions in Sumer were put down.
Contract tablets have been found dated in the years of the campaigns against Canaan and against Sarlak, king of Gutium.
The Akkadian language was one of the Semitic languages, and at the time of the Akkadian Empire it was made official in both Mesopotamia and Elam.
Akkadian remained the main diplomatic language of Mesopotamia for centuries.
During the 3rd millennium BC, an intimate cultural symbiosis developed between the Sumerians and the Akkadians, which included widespread bilingualism.
Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as the spoken language of Mesopotamia somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC (the exact dating being a matter of debate), but Sumerian continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia until the 1st century AD.
Collapse of the Empire
The fall of the empire established by Sargon seems to have been as sudden as its rise, and little is known about the Gutian period.
From the fall of Akkad ca.
2083 BC until the Sumerian renaissance ca.
2050 BC, there is much that is still dark.
It has recently been suggested that the regional decline at the end of the Akkadian period (and also in the Ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom) was associated with rapidly increasing aridity, and failing rainfall in the region of the Ancient Near East.
The Faisal Mosque is a mosque in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan.
It is the National mosque of Pakistan, and one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world.
It is named after King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.
It was the biggest mosque for over six years between 1986 and 1993).
Click here to see a highly detailed 3D Model of Faisal Masjid in Google Earth.
Faisal Mosque - ArchNet Digital Library
Faisal Mosque - World is Round
Buildings and structures in Islamabad
Mosques in Asia
Religion in Pakistan
20th-century establishments in Pakistan
A song cycle in classical music is a group of songs that belong together.
Although each song may be sung separately, the composer really imagined that they would be performed together as one work.
Sometimes they tell a story, but sometimes they just belong together because they are about the same idea (e.g. the sadness that can be caused by love).
They are often for solo voice and piano accompaniment, but they can also be without accompaniment, or with several instruments or even a whole orchestra.
The words of a cycle are often by the same poet, but this is not always the case.
Song cycles started to become popular with composers in the Romantic period.
Although there were examples of song cycles written before that, it was the German composers of the 19th century who are most often thought of as writers of song cycles.
Their songs are called "Lieder".
The great composer Franz Schubert wrote about 600 songs.
These include two long song cycles: Winterreise (Winter’s Journey) and Die schöne Müllerin (The beautiful miller’s daughter).
Each of these song cycles is long enough for a whole concert.
Robert Schumann wrote song cycles including two which he simply called Liederkreise (Song Cycles), and his well-known Dichterliebe (Poet’s Love) and Frauenliebe und -Leben (Women’s Love and Life).
Brahms wrote Vier ernste Gesänge (Four Serious Songs), and Gustav Mahler, who became very interested in folk song, wrote several song cycles with orchestra accompaniment, including Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth).
French composers who wrote song cycles include Jules Massenet, Gabriel Fauré and Claude Debussy.
Russian composers include Modest Mussorgsky and Dmitri Shostakovich, and English and American composers in the 20th century include Michael Tippett, Benjamin Britten and Aaron Copland as well as the South American Alberto Ginastera, Juan María Solare and Heitor Villa-Lobos.
Quetta () is the capital and largest city of Balochistan province in Pakistan.
It is famous for its climate and buildings.
It is to the north of Balochistan, 133 kilometers away from Spin Buldak, Afghanistan.
In 1935, a powerful earthquake hit Quetta.
The earthquake was felt between 2:30 am to 3:40 am.
It resulted in the collapse of buildings, that is why there is no historical building in Quetta.
Quetta was captured by Mehmood Ghaznavi in the 11th century.
The Khans of Kalat ruled Quetta until 1556 when the Persians conquered the city, only to have it retaken by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1595.
Despite all this, the Khans of Kalat were successful in restoring their rule in the region by the 18th century.
The predominantly Muslim population supported the Muslim League and the Pakistan Movement.
On joining Pakistan, Quetta was made the capital city of the newly created province of Balochistan.
Quetta lies close to the borders of Afghanistan.
Traders and invaders have passed through Quetta since pre-historic times.
Quetta is 1,645 meters above the sea level.
It is near the Hazarganji-Chitan National Park.
Quetta, Google Maps
Capital cities in Pakistan
Gilgit () is the capital and largest city of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
About 216.000 people live there.
Hill Stations in Pakistan
Frottole were quite simple and fun.
They were often sung by small groups of singers.
They were not contrapuntal, but they had a tune in the top part while the other singers sang chords to accompany the tune.
Sometimes they might have been sung by a solo voice with a lute accompaniment.
The most famous composer of frottole was Bartolomeo Tromboncino.
The great composer Josquin also composed frottole, although that is not what he called them.
For example, there is a well-known one called El Grillo ( The Cricket) in which the singers try to sound like the chirping of a cricket in the grass.
Bartolomeo Tromboncino (born Verona around 1470; died in or near Venice in 1535 or later) was an Italian composer.
He lived in the Renaissance period.
He is famous as a composer of songs called frottole.
He is also remembered because he murdered his wife.
We know very little about his life.
He probably grew up in Mantua.
In a letter he says that he came from Verona.
Until around 1500 he lived and worked in Mantua, but sometimes he went to other towns when he was in trouble.
In 1499 he found his wife with another man, so he murdered her.
He may also have murdered the other man.
We cannot be sure about this.
He does not seem to have been punished.
This may be because a rich lady called Isabella d'Este liked him.
From 1502 Tromboncino was employed by a rich lady called Lucrezia Borgia.
She is remembered today because she was a very bad woman.
He  wrote music for the court and for her wedding to Alfonso d'Este.
Sometime before 1521 he moved to Venice, where he probably spent the rest of his life.
His frottole are very lively and full of fun.
He played the trombone.
This is how he got his name.
He also wrote some serious sacred music.
1470s births
16th-century deaths
People from Verona
It is often used in contrast to de facto (which means "in fact", or "in practice") when talking about law, governance, or technique.
The de jure name of Bill Clinton is William Jefferson Clinton.
fr:Liste de locutions latines#D
George Alan O'Dowd, better known as Boy George (born 14 June 1961 in Bexley, Kent) is a rock singer-songwriter and Club DJ.
He grew up in a large, working-class Irish family.
The family which originally came form Thurles, in Co. Tipperary, Ireland.
O'Dowd was a part of the British new romantic movement which emerged in the late 1970s and was popularised in the early 1980s.
He and Marilyn (born Peter Robinson) were regulars at 'The Blitz' a very popular nightclub in London.
It was run by Steve Strange of the musical group Visage.
The Blitz was a starting place for many early 1980s pop stars such as Spandau Ballet.
The new romantics based their image on the coolness of David Bowie and high fashion.
They liked the music of Bowie, Kraftwerk, Marc Bolan and post punk New Wave.
O'Dowd gained fame with his group Culture Club during the 1980s.
His music is often called blue-eyed soul.
He was heavily influenced by Rhythm and Blues and reggae.
Early recordings with Culture Club showed that O'Dowd's vocals had an emotional quality which was like American soul music of the 1960s and 1970s.
His later solo work has also touched on glam rock influences and was particularly influenced by David Bowie and Iggy Pop.
On 11 May 2009, Boy George was released from prison at HMP Edmunds Hill in Newmarket, Suffolk.
He was four months into a fifteen-month sentence for the assault and false imprisonment of a male escort, in his East London flat.
He was tagged and placed on a curfew for the rest of the sentence.
Boy George told the BBC on 27 January 2011 that there will be a 30th anniversary Culture Club reunion tour sometime later in the year.
He also said they would be releasing a new album in 2012.
Culture Club did play two live concerts, in Dubai and Sydney, but did not have a tour.
In 2018, George, along with Culture Club, released an album called Life.
They did an accompanying tour, called the Life Tour.
Harper Collins published his first autobiography, Take It Like a Man, in 1995, written with Spencer Bright.
It was a bestseller in the UK.
In 2005, Century published Straight, his second autobiographical book.
This one was written with author Paul Gorman.
British people convicted of assault
Bon Jovi is an American hard rock band that formed in Sayreville, New Jersey in 1983.
They are one of the world's best-selling bands of all time, having sold over 130 million records worldwide.
The first years
The song "Runaway" which was written by Jon Bon Jovi and George Karak reached the first place in a radio talent contest in 1983.
So Jon became the possibility to sign a recording contract.
Coincidentally he founded Bon Jovi in 1983 with Richie Sambora, Alec John Such, Tico Torres, and David Bryan.
The self-titled debut album "Bon Jovi" was released in 1984.
The single "Runaway" was the band's first hit and reached #39 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1984.
Bon Jovi's second album 7800° Fahrenheit (1985) had also only moderate success.
In fact, every member of the band had lost their girlfriend at the time, they were all heartbroken; those feelings were showing in the songs.
Some members, especially Richie, were afraid because they had not put out a hit song since "Runaway".
The band then went to Vancouver to record another album.
They lived together while they were recording.
In 1986, Bon Jovi's third album Slippery When Wet was released.
It brought them some of the band's most successful songs, including "You Give Love a Bad Name", "Livin' On A Prayer", and "Wanted Dead or Alive".
Also involved was Desmond Child, Bruce Fairbairn, and Bob Rock, and Desmond co-wrote some of the songs on the album. "
Slippery When Wet" has sold over 28 million copies worldwide.
The Slippery When Wet Tour let the band become even more famous in Europe and North America.
The song "Livin' on a Prayer" is the one that had the most success.
In the beginning, Jon Bon Jovi did not like the original song.
Richie Sambora, however, convinced him that the song was good.
They rewrote the entire musical piece together, added a guitar solo, different drum fills and a talk box to make it a hit song.
Jon gave everything he had to sing "Livin' on a Prayer" during the first part of the Slippery When Wet tour, and it was seriously damaging his voice.
He was barely able to sing at the end of the tour and he had to use a lot of backing tracks to fill out the parts that he could not sing.
He also used the services of a vocal coach and some steroids to help him finish the tour without losing his voice completely.
At the end of the tour, they had played 206 shows all around the world.
The band members took a break before going back into the studio to make another album.
After the enormous success with "Slippery When Wet" and the following tour, Bon Jovi released their fourth album 1988's "New Jersey".
It was also successful and contained the hit "Bad Medicine" and the ballad "I'll Be There for You".
Between 1990 and 1992, the band members went their separate ways for a while.
Jon Bon Jovi released his first solo album "Blaze of Glory", that served as the soundtrack for the movie "Young Guns II".
In 1992, "Keep the Faith" was released.
The album signified a music genre change.
Bon Jovi turned away from heavy drums and wild guitar solos, and their new sound was lighter and calmer than in the eighties.
The piano had a bigger influence now and the lyrics had a different meaning.
The song "Keep the Faith" is about social and religious problems.
The singles "Bed of Roses", "Keep the Faith" and "In These Arms" reached the Top 40 in the United States.
In 1994, Bon Jovi's first greatest hits album was released: "The Best of  Bon Jovi, Cross Road".
It includes the hits from 1983 to 1992 and two new songs.
One of them, "Always", became one of the most successful songs of Bon Jovi. "
Always" is a love song and a power ballad written by Jon Bon Jovi alone.
The 1995 album "These Days" was the band's sixth studio album. "
This Ain't a Love Song" was the lead single of "These Days" who sold over 11 million copies all around the world.
"Crush" and "Bounce"
From 1995, till, 2000, Bon Jovi had a longer break.
The band members focused on solo projects and family.
In 2000 the first album after 5 years was released: "Crush".
The album itself was not as prosperous as "Slippery When Wet" and "Keep The Faith".
But the hit-single "It's my Life" became the most successful song of Bon Jovi.