the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It is the largest single-campus University in the United Kingdom.
The university was formed in 2004 by joining together the Victoria University of Manchester (founded 1851) and UMIST (founded 1824) and since then some of the buildings have been demolished and new ones built instead.
These include University Place on the site of the former Mathematics Building (pictured right).
The former UMIST buildings are in the Sackville Street Campus and those of the former University of Manchester in the Oxford Road Campus.
There is a residential campus further south in the suburb of Fallowfield.
The earliest buildings of the university date from 1872 (west of Oxford Road) and they were occupied by Owens College in 1873.
Since the 1950s the facilities for science and technology have occupied an area east of Oxford Road and the medical school was relocated there in the early 1970s.
Faculties
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (formed in 2016 from the merger of the Faculties of Life Sciences, and Medical and Human Sciences)
School of Medicine, University of Manchester
Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
Faculty of Humanities
Whitworth Art Gallery
Manchester Museum, established in 1867, the museum is sited on Oxford Road among the Gothic Revival buildings of the university.
It holds about six million items which come from all the continents and serves both as a resource for academic research and teaching and as a regional public museum.
Contact Theatre
Chancellors Hotel & Conference Centre
The John Rylands University Library is the library and information service for the university.
It was formed in July 1972 from the merger of the library of the Victoria University of Manchester with the John Rylands Library.
On 1 October 2004 it joined the library of the University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology (UMIST) on the merger of the two universities.
The main library is on the Oxford Road Campus of the University and the special collections are in the John Rylands Library, Deansgate, in the city centre.
The Library is a National Research Library (an award of the Higher Education Funding Council for England): the only one in the north of England.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ - Official page of the University of Manchester
Universities in England
2004 establishments in the United Kingdom
The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide,  long, river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894.
At the time of its completion, it was the largest navigation canal in the world.
It consists of the rivers Irwell and Mersey made navigable for seagoing ships from the Mersey Estuary to Salford Docks in Greater Manchester.
It transformed Manchester from a landlocked city into a major sea port.
The ao dai is the national costume of Vietnam for women.
Vietnamese wear ao dai for formal occasions, at school or for work.
The male counterpart to the ao dai is called an ao gam.
The ao dai is found in every part of Vietnam, and in overseas Vietnamese communities.
The prefix  classifies the item as clothing.
means "long."
Once condemned as decadent by the country's rulers, the dress became popular again in the 1990s.
A modern ao dai has two parts, a high collared long dress, and pants that stop at the ankles.
Costume and evening-gown áo dài may have colorful designs with flowers, birds, and pictures.
The price of an evening gown ao dai is reasonable, but may be expensive depending on the choice of fabric and the dressmaker.
Because of the light transparent fabrics, people who wear áo dài should wear light underwear.
Medieval Annam
For centuries, peasant women typically wore a halter top () underneath a blouse or overcoat, alongside a skirt (váy).
Aristocrats, on the other hand, favored a cross-collared robe called áo giao lĩnh, which bore resemblance to the Korean Hanbok, and the Japanese kimono.
In 1744, Lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát of Huế decreed that both men and women at his court wear trousers and a gown with buttons down the front.
Writer Lê Quý Đôn described the newfangled outfit as an áo dài (long garment).
The members of the southern court were thus distinguished from the courtiers of the Trịnh Lords in Hanoi, who wore áo giao lĩnh with long skirts.
Chinese Ming style clothing was forced on Vietnamese people by the Nguyễn dynasty.
The tunics and trouser clothing of the Han Chinese on the Ming and Qing tradition was worn by the Vietnamese.
However, Han-Chinese clothing is assembled by several pieces of clothing including both pants and skirts called Qun (裙) or chang (裳) which is a part of Hanfu garments throughout the history of Han Chinese clothing.
The Ao Dai was created when tucks which were close fitting and compact were added in the 1920s to this Chinese style.
The Chinese clothing in the form of trousers and tunic were mandated by the Vietnamese Nguyen government.
It was up to the 1920s in Vietnam's north area in isolated hamlets where skirts were worn.
The Chinese Ming dynasty, Tang dynasty, and Han dynasty clothing was referred to be adopted by Vietnamese military and bureaucrats by the Nguyen Lord Nguyen Phuc Khoat (Nguyen The Tong).
Chinese clothing started influencing Vietnamese dress in the Ly dynasty.
The current Ao Dai was introduced by the Nguyen Lords.
The áo ngũ thân had two flaps sewn together in the back, two flaps sewn together in the front, and a "baby flap" hidden underneath the main front flap.
The gown appeared to have two-flaps with slits on both sides, features preserved in the later ao dai.
Compared to a modern ao dai, the front and back flaps were much broader and the fit looser and much shorter.
It had a high collar and was buttoned in the same fashion as a modern ao dai.
Women could wear the dress with the top few buttons undone, revealing a glimpse of their yếm underneath.
Modernization of style
Huế's Đồng Khánh Girl's High School, which opened in 1917, was widely praised for the ao dai uniform worn by its students.
The first modernized ao dai appeared at a Paris fashion show in 1921.
In 1930, Hanoi artist Cát Tường, also known as Le Mur, designed a dress inspired by the áo ngũ thân and by Paris fashions.
It reached to the floor and fit the curves of the body by using darts and a nipped-in waist.
Modern textile manufacture allows for wider panels, eliminating the need to sew narrow panels together.
The áo dài Le Mur, or "trendy" ao dai, created a sensation when model Nguyễn Thị Hậu wore it for a feature published by the newspaper Today in January 1935.
The style was promoted by the artists of Tự Lực văn đoàn ("Self-Reliant Literary Group") as a national costume for the modern era.
The painter Lê Phô introduced several popular styles of ao dai beginning in 1934.
Such Westernized garments temporarily disappeared during World War II (1939–45).
In the 1950s, Saigon designers tightened the fit of the ao dai to create the version commonly seen today.
Trần Kim of Thiết Lập Tailors and Dũng of Dũng Tailors created a dress with raglan sleeves and a diagonal seam that runs from the collar to the underarm.
Madame Nhu, first lady of South Vietnam, popularized a collarless version beginning in 1958.
The ao dai was most popular from 1960 to 1975.
A brightly colored áo dài hippy was introduced in 1968.
The áo dài mini, a version designed for practical use and convenience, had slits that extended above the waist and panels that reached only to the knee.
Communist period
The ao dai has always been more common in the South than in the North.
The communists, who gained power in the North in 1954 and in the South in 1975, had conflicted feelings about the ao dai.
They praised it as a national costume and one was worn to the Paris Peace Conference (1968–73) by Vietcong negotiator Nguyễn Thị Bình.
Yet Westernized versions of the dress and those associated with "decadent" Saigon of the 1960s and early 1970s were condemned.
Economic crisis, famine, and war with Cambodia combined to make the 1980s a fashion low point.
The ao dai was rarely worn except at weddings and other formal occasions, with the older, looser-fitting style preferred.
Overseas Vietnamese, meanwhile, kept tradition alive with "Miss Ao Dai" pageants (Hoa Hậu Áo Dài), the most notable one held annually in Long Beach, California.
The ao dai experienced a revival beginning in late 1980s, when state enterprise and schools began adopting the dress as a uniform again.
In 1989, 16,000 Vietnamese attended a Miss Ao Dai Beauty Contest held in Ho Chi Minh City.
When the Miss International Pageant in Tokyo gave its "Best National Costume" award to an ao dai-clad Trường Quỳnh Mai in 1995, Thời Trang Trẻ (New Fashion Magazine) claimed that Vietnam's "national soul" was "once again honored."
An "ao dai craze" followed that lasted for several years and led to wider use of the dress as a school uniform.
No longer deemed politically controversial, ao dai fashion design is supported by the Vietnamese government.
It is often called áo dài Việt Nam to link it to patriotic feelings.
Designer Le Si Hoang is a celebrity in Vietnam and his shop in Saigon is the place to visit for those who admire the dress.
In Hanoi, tourists get fitted with ao dai on Luong Van Can Street.
The elegant city of Huế in the central region is known for its ao dai, nón lá (leaf hats), and well-dressed women.
The ao dai is now a standard for weddings, for celebrating Tết and for other formal occasions.
It's the required uniform for female teachers (mostly from high school to below) and female students in common high schools in the South; there is no requirement for color or pattern for teachers while students use plain white with some small patterns like flowers for school uniform.
Companies often require their female staff to wear uniforms that include the ao dai, so flight attendants, receptionists, bank female staff, restaurant staff, and hotel workers in Vietnam may be seen wearing it.
The most popular style of ao dai fits tightly around the wearer's upper torso, emphasizing her bust and curves.
Although the dress covers the entire body, it is thought to be provocative, especially when it is made of thin fabric. "
The ao dai covers everything, but hides nothing", according to one saying.
The dress must be individually fitted and usually requires several weeks for a tailor to complete.
An ao dai costs about $200 in the United States and about $40 in Vietnam.
"Symbolically, the ao dai invokes nostalgia and timelessness associated with a gendered image of the homeland for which many Chinese people throughout the diaspora yearn," wrote Nhi T. Lieu, an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin.
The difficulties of working while wearing an ao dai link the dress to frailty and innocence, she wrote.
Vietnamese writers who favor the use of the ao dai as a school uniform cite the inconvenience of wearing it as an advantage, a way of teaching students feminine behavior such as modesty, caution, and a refined manner.
The ao dai is featured in an array of Vietnam-themed or related movies.
In Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), Robin Williams's character is wowed by ao dai-clad women when he first arrives in Saigon.
The 1992 films Indochine and The Lover inspired several international fashion houses to design ao dai collections, including Prada's SS08 collection and a Georgio Armani collection.
In the Vietnamese film The White Silk Dress (2007), an ao dai is the sole legacy that the mother of a poverty-stricken family has to pass on to her daughters.
The Hanoi City Complex, a 65-story building now under construction, will have an ao dai-inspired design.
Vietnamese designers created ao dai for the contestants in the Miss Universe beauty contest, which was held July 2008 in Nha Trang, Vietnam.
The most prominent annual Ao Dai Festival outside of Vietnam is held each year in San Jose, California, a city that is home to a large Vietnamese American community.
This event features an international array of designer ao dai under the direction of festival founder, Jenny Do.
Áo Dài Gallery
Vietnamese Traditional Costumes and Fashion
Vietnamese Traditional Áo Dài for Tet
Viettouch Áo Dài Vietnam
Vietnamese culture
Kanotix, also referred to as KANOTIX, is a Linux distribution Live CD (LiveDistro) based on Debian (until 2006 unstable, in 2007 KANOTIX moved to Debian Etch) with advanced hardware detection.
It can run from an optical disc drive without using a hard disk.
Kanotix uses KDE as the default desktop environment.
GNOME and other window managers can be downloaded using APT.
The name "Kanotix" is derived from the founder's nickname "Kano".
Kanotix's mascot is a fangtooth.
Kanotix is based on Debian stable (currently "Etch").
It contains a lot of backports.
So many of the main applications are more recent than are available in Etch.
KDE, the default desktop environment, including the Konqueror, IceWM, Beryl (allows access to a 3D desktop environment)
Amarok, Video Disk Recorder
Beryl (window manager)
Internet access software, including the KPPP dialer, ISDN utilities and WLAN-NdisWrapper
Iceweasel-web browser,  IceDove Mail/News Client, Pidgin instant messenger
K3b, for CD (and DVD) authoring and backup
The GIMP, an image manipulation program
Gparted and other tools for data rescue and system repair
Network analysis and administration tools
LibreOffice, an office suite
Programming and development tools
NTFS-3G used by default
In 2003 Jörg Schirottke was known with the nickname "Kano" in the former Knoppix-Forum (no more available).
The distribution derived from "Kano's Scriptpage for Knoppix" .
He wrote about Knoppix: "I like it much, but I had to improve it :)".
So he did.
One of the main differences from Knoppix was the support of hard disk installation.
In 2004 and 2005 KANOTIX was a popular distribution ranking in the "top 20" of "distrowatch.com".
In 2004 the releases were named "Bug Hunter" (Bug Hunter-01-2004 - X-2004).
After problems with the stability in 2006 Jörg "Kano" Schirottke decided to move from Debian Sid to a less volatile basis.
In October 2006 the main Kanotix co-developer (and most of Kanotix's other developers) left the project, to start sidux, another distribution based on Debian sid.
The last Kanotix release based on Debian Sid was 2006-01-RC4.
Current Releases
acritoxinstaller
Sokoto is a city in the northwest of Nigeria, near to where the Sokoto River and Rima River meet.
The people in Sokoto are mostly Muslims.
Sokoto was the capital city of Gobir from the 10th century.
Sokoto was made as a caliphate, an Islamic state, in the 19th century.
From around 1900, the British took control of Sokoto, which then made up a large part of the north-west corner of Nigeria.
Sokoto became a province (area) of the British colony of Nigeria.
It is in the Cibao Valley, south of the Cordillera Septentrional (English: Northern mountain range), in the southern part of the province.
After the Haitian independence, Jean Jacques Dessalines tried to get the eastern part of the island, that had been given by Spain to France.
He tried for three weeks but could not take the city of Santo Domingo and so he came back to Haiti.
The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 94,981: 47,569 men and 47,569 women.
Moca has a total area of  and Is at an elevation of .
The city is at  to the north of Santo Domingo, on the western end of the Yuna Valley, the eastern part of the larger Cibao valley.
The municipality is on flat land with small hills to the west and low mountains to the north; these mountains are part of the Cordillera Septentrional and its highest mountain in the municipality, and in the province, is Loma El Mogote (),  high.
The month with the least rainfall on average is March with an average of  and the second is February with .
Moca is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is .
The warmest month, on average, is June with an average temperature of .
Poultry raising, for both eggs and meat is also very important.
Pigs are also raised in this municipality.
1822 establishments
1820s establishments in North America
The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River.
It is an area where many people live in Nigeria.
Nigeria has become Africa's biggest producer of petroleum, and there are many oil wells in the Niger Delta.
The natural gas from the oil wells is all burnt, causing environmental problems.
Because of the money from petroleum production, there have been many political problems in recent times.
For example, many oil workers have been taken as hostages.
Geography of Nigeria
In baseball, batting is the act of going against the other team's pitcher and trying to hit the baseball ball.
A batter or hitter is the player who swings his bat to try to hit the ball.
In Major League Baseball, pitchers usually do not bat unless they are playing in the National League where batters have to bat even if they are pitchers.
In the American League, pitchers do not bat, and only pitch.
Batting the primary method by which Baseball teams play offense and score runs.
A Batter bats by standing in the Batter's Box at Home Plate and either swinging or not swinging at the pitches the Pitcher throws.
This activity collectively is known as an At Bat.
The goal of the batter is get to get a hit, while the pitcher wants to get an out.
Official Rules of Major League Baseball "The Batter"
"My Happy Ending" is a song written and produced by Avril Lavigne and Butch Walker for Lavigne's second album, Under My Skin (2004).
(BVCP-29613; Released July 07, 2004)
"My Happy Ending" (radio version)
"My Happy Ending" (album version)
"Don't Tell Me" (live acoustic version)
UK CD single 1 / French single
"Take It" (previously unreleased)
"My Happy Ending" (live acoustic version)
"Take Me Away" (live acoustic version)
"My Happy Ending" (music video)
Germany, Italy and Taiwan CD single
Australia CD single
"My Happy Ending" (clean version)
"My Happy Ending" (radio version) - 4:02
"My Happy Ending" (album version) - 4:02
"My Happy Ending" (Callout Hook) - 0:10
UK CD promo
"My Happy Ending" (album version) [explicit]
"My Happy Ending" (radio edit)[clean]
A club (also known as cudgel, baton, truncheon, night stick, and bludgeon) is a weapon mainly used to hit someone or something.
A club is a short staff, or stick, usually made of wood, and used as a weapon.
A club can be used in one or two hands, but it is usually used in one hand.
A quarterstaff is a clubs that needs both hands to be used.
Many kinds of clubs are used in martial arts and other fields, including the law enforcement baton.
The wounds caused by a club are known as bludgeoning or blunt-force trauma injuries.
In the United States, clubs are not as popular as the taser.
ParmParental Advisory is a sticker that tells parents that something may not be suitable for children.
The sticker is usually placed on Music CDs.
It tells parents that the texts of the songs contain words or phrases that some consider bad for children.
Parental Advisory stickers will usually appear on Hip Hop and Rap albums.
Comic books may also have a Parental Advisory sticker on them.
Itzhak Perlman (born August 31, 1945) is an Israeli-American violinist.
Perlman was born in Tel Aviv which, three years later, became part of the state of Israel.
When he was small he listened to the violin on the radio and decided he wanted to play it.
He studied at the Academy of Music in Tel Aviv.
Then he moved to the United States to study at the Juilliard School with Ivan Galamian and Dorothy DeLay.
He made his first public performance at Carnegie Hall in 1963.
In 1964 he won the Leventritt Competition.
Soon afterward he began to tour widely.
He also appeared on American television in shows including Sesame Street.
He was invited to play at the White House.
Perlman had been ill with polio at the age of four.
He got better, and managed to learn to walk again with the use of crutches.
Today, he still walks with crutches and plays the violin sitting down.
In 1987, he joined the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra for their concerts in Warsaw and Budapest, as well as other Eastern bloc countries.
He toured with the IPO in the spring of 1990 for their first-ever performance in the USSR, with concerts in Moscow and Leningrad, and toured with the IPO again in 1994, performing in China and India.
Perlman usually plays classical music but sometimes he plays jazz.
He made an album made with jazz pianist Oscar Peterson, and klezmer.
Perlman has been a soloist for a number of movie scores, including the score of the 1993 film Schindler's List by John Williams.
Perlman plays on a special Stradivarius violin called the Soil Stradivarius, made in 1714.
He also plays on a Guarneri del Gesu made about 1743.
Perlman performed at Barack Obama's presidential inauguration.
He joined cellist Yo-Yo Ma, pianist Gabriela Montero and clarinetist Anthony McGill.
Together they played "Air and Simple Gifts", a new arrangement by John Williams based on the Shaker hymn "'Tis A Gift To Be Simple."
Itzhak Perlman lives in New York City with his wife.
"Keep Holding On" is a 2006 song by Avril Lavigne.
It was on the Eragon soundtrack, as well as the album The Best Damn Thing.
It was Avril Lavigne's first CD song (but not CD single) released in North America since Fall to Pieces.
It was released in Australia on the iTunes Store as a digital download.
It is a member of the S&P/ASX 20 and Australia's largest telecommunications company by market share.
Telstra is the largest wireless carrier in Australia, with 18.8 million subscribers as of 2020.
Born in 1974, he began his career as a solo violinist at the age of five, won the Wieniawski and Carl Flesch international competitions at ages 10 and 15 respectively, studied with Galina Tourchaninova and Zakhar Bron, made his first recording at the age of 10, and went on to record extensively for high-profile labels including Melodia, Teldec and EMI, earning among others, Grammy and Gramophone artist of the year awards.
In 2007 he followed in the footsteps of his mentor, the late Mstislav Rostropovich, and turned his attention to conducting and in 2010 was appointed the first chief conductor of the Gstaad Festival Orchestra.
June 2014 saw Mr Vengerov graduate with a Diploma of Excellence from the Moscow Institute of Ippolitov-Ivanov with professor Yuri Simonov and he has since enrolled in a further 2-year program of opera conducting.
In the 2016/17 season Mr Vengerov returned to Australia to open the season of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and conducted the season finale of the Queensland Symphony Orchestra, with whom he is Artist in Residence this year.
Further guest conducting engagements included the RTE Orchestra Dublin, Munich Philharmonic and Melbourne Symphony Orchestras.
The coming 17/18 season will see Mr Vengerov return to Carnegie Hall with the Montreal Symphony Orchestra and premiere a new concerto at the Beijing Music Festival written for him by the renowned composer Qigang Chen before conducting Eugene Onegin in Brisbane and Moscow.
He will also tour Europe, China and the US in recital.
Maxim Vengerov official site
Maxim Vengerov fan site
Rudi Dutschke born Alfred Willi Rudi Dutschke (March 7, 1940 – December 24, 1979, Århus, Denmark) was a spokesperson of the left-wing German student movement of the 1960s.
He famously split from those who went on to form the violent Red Army Faction.
Instead he wanted to have 'a long march through the institutions' of power to create radical change from within government and society by becoming an important part of the machinery.
This was an idea he took up from Antonio Gramsci and the Frankfurt school of Cultural Marxism.
In 1968, he survived an assassination attempt which seriously injured him.
He had to re-learn how to speak altogether.
Because of this attempt, he developed epilepsy.
He drowned in his bath tub 12 years later.
This was caused by an epileptic seizure.
Sportswear includes shorts, tracksuits, T-shirts, polo shirts and trainers.
It also includes some underwear, such as the jockstrap.
Sportswear is also often worn as casual fashion clothing.
Sports athletes wear a combination of different items of clothing such as sport shoes, pants and shirts.
Some athletes wear personal armour such as helmets or American football body armour.
sports clothing
In team sports, the number, often referred to as the uniform number, squad number, jersey number, shirt number, sweater number, is the number worn on a player's uniform.
It distinguishes each player from others wearing the same uniform.
This is so that officials, scorers and spectators have something to identify each player.
The number is usually shown on the back of the jersey.
The player's surname is often written above or below the number.
Sometimes the number also displayed on the front or sleeves, or on the player's shorts or headgear.
Uniform numbers are used to tell and identify different baseball players's and coach's.
Over time, numbers can have a much more meaning to the player and fans.
A number can be symbolic of a player's legacy, and has resulted in all kinds of superstition (or rumors).
Uniforms numbers are put on the backs of baseball uniforms.
Retired numbers in Major League Baseball
Many teams retire numbers of important players who used to play for their team.
Retiring a number means that nobody on that team can use that number anymore.
Players' numbers are not retired while they are still playing baseball.
The number "42" was retired by all of Major League Baseball in 1997 because it was used by Jackie Robinson, who was the first black player in Major League Baseball.
Players who were already wearing #42 were allowed to keep using the number, but nobody else could use it.
As of 2010, New York Yankees pitcher Mariano Rivera was the last player using #42.
The New York Knickerbockers were one of the first organized baseball teams who played the baseball rules that are still used today.
The team was started by Alexander Cartwright, who is said to be one of the original developers of modern baseball.
In 1849, the New York Knickerbockers wore the first ever recorded baseball uniform.
Orem, Preston D. (1961), Baseball (1845-1881) From the Newspaper Accounts, Altadena, CA: Self-published ASIN B0007HTB88
Peterson, Harold (1969, 1973), The Man Who Invented Baseball, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
"The Knickerbocker Base Ball Club" at Hickoksports.com
"The History of Baseball – Alexander Cartwright"  at About.com
The Los Angeles Dodgers or LA Dodgers are the professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California.
They complete in Major League Baseball (MLB).
The team played in the West Division of the National League.
They play in Dodger Stadium.
The team began play in Brooklyn, New York, starting in 1883.
The team had several informal nicknames over the years, including the "Atlantics", the "Bridegrooms", the "Superbas" and the "Robins".
The name "Dodgers" was first used in the 1890s.
It was short for "Trolley Dodgers".
The Brooklyn Dodgers played in several ballparks.
The most famous of them was Ebbets Field, their home from 1913 through 1958.
In 1959 they moved to Los Angeles.
They played in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum for four years.
In 1962 they opened Dodger Stadium, and have played there ever since.
The Dodgers have been to the World Series 22 times, and won it six times: 1955, 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981, 1988 and 2020.
Most recently, they were in the World Series in 2017, 2018, and 2020 and lost the first two times to the Houston Astros and the Boston Red Sox, respectively.
They defeated the Tampa Bay Rays in the 2020 World Series.
Jackie Robinson, the first African-American in the modern Major Leagues
Roy Campanella
Pee Wee Reese
Adrian Beltre
Los Angeles Dodgers Opening Day Lineups
Dodgers Blog
Photograph of Boys of Summer  that appeared in SPORT magazine.
Los Angeles Team Building - Dodger's Mentoring
Los Angeles Dodgers Baseball Reference
The Oakland Athletics, also known as the Oakland A's, are a professional Major League Baseball team based in Oakland, California.
The Athletics are a member of the Western Division of the American League.
From  to today, the Athletics have played in Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum.
The Athletics were an original member of the American League in 1901, playing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The name "Athletics" had been used by several other Philadelphia teams dating back to the 1860s.
Most of the various "Athletics" teams wore a Gothic or Old English letter "A" on their uniforms.
The current Athletics still often wear that old-style "A" or "A's" on their uniforms.
The old Athletics were very successful, winning several World Series championships.
By the early 1950s, they were not playing well and the fans were no longer supporting them.
So after over 50 years in Philadelphia, the Athletics moved to Kansas City, Missouri, in 1955.
They were not very successful there, either.
They moved again, to Oakland, in 1968.
As the Oakland A's, they have won several World Series.
Philadelphia Athletics Historical Society
Oakland Athletics stats and minor league statistics
Eddie Plank
Oakball Forums
Oakland A's Minor League Information
The Pittsburgh Pirates are a professional Major League Baseball team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
They have won five World Series championships.
The Pirates are also often called the Bucs or the Buccos.
This is because the word "buccaneer" is slang for pirate.
The Pirates had success in the early 1990s.
However, between 1993 and 2012, the Pirates did not have a winning season.
The Pirates play their home games at PNC Park in Pittsburgh.
PNC Park is next to the Allegheny River, and downtown Pittsburgh can be seen from the stadium.
The Pittsburgh Pirates were formed in 1882.
They first played their games across the river from downtown Pittsburgh, in an area that was then a separate city called Allegheny.
The team was also called Allegheny, or "the Alleghenys".
Around 1890, the city of Pittsburgh annexed Allegheny.
The team was then renamed "Pittsburgh", with no nickname yet.
In 1891, the Pittsburgh team signed a contract with a player who had belonged to a team in another league.
They were accused of "pirating" the player's contract.
Soon after, the fans started calling the team "the Pirates".
Later the team adopted the name as their official team name, the Pittsburgh Pirates.
The Pirates have won five World Series.
They won their first in 1909, beating the Detroit Tigers.
The Pirates also won World Series titles in 1925, 1960, 1971, and 1979.
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review - Pittsburgh Pirates
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Pittsburgh Pirates
Pittsburgh Lumber Co. - Pirates Blog
Sportsocracy
Coach (carriage), a horse-drawn carriage
Stagecoach, An early form of long distance public transport
Coach (vehicle), a type of passenger-carrying road vehicle.
Coach (rail) a type of passenger car used in rail transport.
Economy class in travel can be referred to as "coach"
Coach (sport), the director of athletes' activities in sports
Coach (baseball), includes manager, assistant coaches, on-field coaches, and specialized coaches
Coach (hockey), head coach or assistant coaches
dating coaching
Co-coaching
Popular media
Coach (TV series), an American sitcom starring Craig T. Nelson
Coach (comics), a Marvel Comics character in X-Force
Coach Inc., an American leather goods company famous for its handbags
Coach Canada, an inter-city coach company in Canada
Coach USA, a bus transport company in the United States
Jonathan Coachman, World Wrestling Entertainment personality a.k.a. "
The Coach"
Coach Ernie Pantusso, the character played by Nicholas Colasanto on the sitcom Cheers
Mike Ditka, former head coach of the Chicago Bears and New Orleans Saints head coach, a.k.a. "
Da Coach"
Rent is a rock musical.
The music and lyrics were written by Jonathan Larson.
The musical is based on the Italian opera, La bohème.
The musical opened on Broadway at the Nederlander Theatre on 29 April 1996.
It closed on 7 September 2008 after a run of 5,123 performances.
It opened on the West End in 2008.
In 2005, it was adapted to a movie.
Rent won the Tony Award for Best Musical and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
Official Rent musical site
Rent Musical on Broadway.com
1990s musicals
Rock musicals
1996 works
In sports, a coach or manager is a person who directs and trains a sports team or sportsperson.
If there is a difference between coach and manager, it is this:
the coach will train the players
the manager will deal with the business aspects
Coaching Certification.
Manuel Aristides "Manny" Ramírez Onelcida (born May 30, 1972 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a former American Major League Baseball player.
The Boston Red Sox traded Ramirez to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Jason Bay on July 31, 2008.
He signed with the Tampa Bay Rays in 2011.
He retired on April 8, 2011.
He is a nine-time Silver Slugger and one of twenty-four people to have hit over 500 career home runs.
He is well recognized for his strong offensive abilities.
Ramirez has the most career grand slams of any active baseball player, and has led the American League is three key batting measures: batting average, home runs and runs batted in.
For the past ten years, Ramírez has been a fixture in the Midsummer Classic, and is an eleven-time All-Star.
In 2004, he was named the Most Valuable Player of the World Series after helping the Red Sox win their first World Series championship in over 85 years.
Official Home Page
Dominican Republic sportspeople
Leica Camera, a German camera manufacturer
Leica Geosystems AG, a company in eastern Switzerland that makes surveying and geomatics equipment
Leica Microsystems GmbH, a German company that makes microscopes and other precision optics
Alfonso Guilleard Soriano (born January 7, 1976) is a Dominican Republican professional Major League Baseball player.
He currently is a free agent.
He has used to play with the Hiroshima Toyo Carp, New York Yankees, Texas Rangers and Washington Nationals before the Cubs.
He played as a second baseman for the Yankees and Rangers.
He bats right-handed and has batted as a lead-off hitter for most of his career.
Baseball Prospectus: Alfonso Soriano
Chicago Cubs players
Texas Rangers players
Linspire, also known as LindowsOS (also Lin---s, pronounced Lindash), is a commercial Linux distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux (Ubuntu).
Linspire is sold by Linspire, Inc. and is focused on ease-of-use for the average person, rather than catering to  advanced needs.
As of 2007-10-10, the most recent stable release of Linspire is version 6.0 which was released in October of 2007.
Linspire is available to download and costs US$ 50.
Based in San Diego, California, Lindows, Inc. was founded in August 2001 by Michael Robertson with the goal of developing a Linux-based operating system capable of running major Microsoft Windows applications.
It based its Windows compatibility on the Wine API emulation layer.
The company later abandoned this approach in favor of attempting to make Linux applications easy to download, install and use.
To this end a program named "CNR" was developed: based on Debian's Advanced Packaging Tool, it provides an easy-to-use graphical user interface and a slightly modified package system for an annual fee.
The first public release of Linspire was version 1.0, released in late 2001.
Linspire's CNR (originally "Click'N'Run") is a software distribution service based on Debian's APT.
It is designed to serve as a GUI-based, user-accessible means of downloading and installing various applications, both free and proprietary.
The service allows users to install available applications using a single click.
CNR also includes a set of Click and Buy (CNB) software, which includes many commercial applications to members at a discounted rate.
Currently CNR has over 38,000 different software packages, ranging from simple applications to major commercial works such as Win4Lin and StarOffice.
CNR was originally subscription-based with two tiers: basic service cost $20 annually, and gold, featuring discounts on some commercial applications, $50.
In 2006, Linspire announced that the basic service was to be made available for free.
Web Software
CNR.com  also provides access to thousands of Web-based Applications, providing the Linux community with the option of local Linux and Web Software, available through a single source (as of February 2008).
The same capabilities to browse and search the library of products with additional capabilities planned to improve the Web Software experience (bookmarking).
The community will also have the capability to add new products to the already extensive library of applications available.
In August 2005, Andrew Betts released a Live CD based on Linspire and named Freespire.
Linspire, Inc. offered users a "free Linspire" (purchase price discounted to $0) by using the coupon code "Freespire" until September 9 2005.
On April 24 2006, Linspire announced its own project named "Freespire".
This follows the model of community-oriented releases by Red Hat and Novell in the form of Fedora and openSUSE.
Freespire is a community-driven and -supported project tied to the commercial Linspire distribution, and includes previously proprietary software from Linspire, such as the CNR Client, while other elements, which Linspire, Inc. licenses but does not own, like the Windows Media Audio compatibility libraries, remain closed-source.
Linspire has drawn some criticism from the free software community.
This has included anger for including proprietary software, with GNU founder Richard Stallman commenting: "No other GNU/Linux distribution has backslided so far away from freedom.
Switching from MS Windows to Linspire does not bring you to freedom, it just gets you a different master."
Linspire official website
Freespire official website
Freespire wiki
LugRadio podcast featuring an interview with Kevin Carmony
maemo (properly not capitalized ) is a project that oversees the development of the Internet Tablet OS and the maemo application development platform.
The maemo project is paid for by Nokia.
maemo SDK
The maemo SDK is based around the Debian-oriented Scratchbox Cross Compilation Toolkit, which provides a  sandbox environment in which development may take place.
Scratchbox uses Qemu to emulate an ARMEL processor or sbrsh to remotely execute instructions.
Scratchbox-compatible rootstraps are available for both x86 and ARMEL, so the majority of development and debugging takes place on x86, with final packaging being for ARMEL.
LiMo Foundation
Android (mobile phone platform)
maemo.org
maemo wiki (old one)
maemo planet
maemo Bugzilla
maemo in freedesktop.org
Scratchbox Cross Compilation Toolkit
#maemo on freenode
Material for Nokia's own introductory course on maemo
MEPIS (pronunciation: meh-pis) is a set of Linux Distributions distributed as Live CDs.
The most popular of these distributions is SimplyMEPIS.
MEPIS distributions are based on Debian, some of them indirectly.
For example, SimplyMEPIS 7.0 is based mainly on Debian, with additional source code from Ubuntu (which is also based on Debian).
MEPIS distributions are created by Warren Woodford.
It can either be installed onto a hard drive or used as a Live CD, which makes it a boot disc for troubleshooting many operating systems.
It includes KDE, the K Desktop Environment.
MEPIS was designed as an alternative to SUSE Linux, Red Hat Linux, and Mandriva Linux (formerly Mandrake) which, in the creator Warren Woodford's opinion, were too difficult for the average user.
MEPIS's first official release was on May 10, 2003.
The most popular MEPIS distribution, SimplyMEPIS, is designed for everyday desktop and laptop computing.
SimplyMEPIS 7.0 contains several new packages and features.
It contains Linux 2.6.22 and OpenOffice.org 2.3.0.
It was released on 2007-12-23.
MEPIS Community Forum , main community site
antiX , a fast, lightweight and easy to install Linux distribution live CD based on MEPIS
SimplyMEPIS 7.0 is a keeper
Review: SimplyMepis 7.0
SimplyMEPIS 7.0 Beta 6
antiX M-7, The Fat-free Mepis
MEPIS AntiX on 450MHz K6-2, 256Mb
The St. Louis Cardinals (also called "the Cards" or "the Redbirds") are a Major League Baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri.
They are part of the Central Division in the National League.
The Cardinals have won a National League record 11 World Series championships, second in Major League Baseball for most championships behind the New York Yankees, who have 27.
They last won a World Series in 2011.
The Cardinals were started by the American Association in 1882 as the St. Louis Brown Stockings, who got their name from an earlier National League team.
They joined the National League in 1892 and have been known as the Cardinals ever since 1900.
The Cardinals began play in the current Busch Stadium in 2006, becoming the first team since 1923 to win the World Series in their first season in a new ballpark.
They are the oldest current professional sports franchise west of the Mississippi River.
The Cardinals have a strong rivalry with the Chicago Cubs that began in 1885.
Current records and standings
St. Louis Cardinals Team Index at Baseball Reference
St. Louis Cardinals Team Page at Scout.com
The development and distribution of NepaLinux is done by Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya.
Version 1.0 was produced as part of the PAN Localization Project, with the support of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada.
NepaLinux is an effort of promoting Free and Open Source Software in Nepal.
The official site for NepaLinux
A look into NepaLinux, Kantipur daily newspaper, Kathmandu, Nepal
Monsters, Inc. is a 2001 movie produced by Pixar Animation Studios.
It was Pixar's fourth computer animated movie.
The movie was released to theaters by Walt Disney Pictures in the United States on November 2, 2001.
It was released in Australia on December 26, 2001 and in the United Kingdom on February 8, 2002.
Monsters, Inc. saw a 3D re-release in theaters on December 19, 2012.
A prequel titled Monsters University, which was directed by Dan Scanlon, was released on June 21, 2013.
A television series titled Monsters at Work will release on Disney+ in early 2021.
Monsters Inc. is a factory where monsters walk into the bedrooms of children at night to scare them and harvest their screams, which generate energy to power the city of Monstropolis.
The film begins when a monster named Thaddeus unsuccessfully scares a child.
One of the things he did wrong was that he left the door open, which is the worst mistake a monster can make because a child can walk out of the room and into the Monsters Inc. factory.
According to Mr. Waternoose, the CEO of Monsters Inc., human children are toxic and even a single touch can kill a monster.
For this reason, he needs scarers that are tough and frightening, such as Sulley.
Sulley is the top scarer at the company, thanks to his assistant Mike.
Randall, at second place, will work hard to take the top spot away from Sulley.
Sulley and Mike get up that morning and head to Monsters Inc. for work.
In the lobby, he sees his girlfriend Celia Mae, the receptionist at the company.
This means she answers calls from other monsters who work there.
Mike wishes Celia a happy birthday and wants to take her to a fancy sushi restaurant called Harryhousens.
Mike heads to the scare floor to begin his work day, and Sulley meets him there.
After the monsters have been scaring for a while, Mr. Waternoose tells Jerry, the scare floor manager, told him that 58 doors were lost that week because children are becoming less scared of monsters.
Therefore, the company is not producing enough energy to continue operating, and Mr. Waternoose must find some other way to get the energy needed to save the company.
Shortly after that, all the doors are returned to the door warehouse and all the monsters go home.
Mike rushes out of work to go out with his girlfriend, so he forgets to finish his paperwork.
Sulley goes back to the scare floor to get his paperwork.
He finds a door with flowers, and peaks inside.
He notices a little girl, whom he calls Boo, playing with his tail.
He tries to put her back in the room, but Randall appears and sends the door back to the door warehouse.
Sulley places Boo in a suitcase and heads to Harryhousens to see Mike.
He shows Mike Boo, but she escapes and runs around the restaurant, which led the CDA to evacuate the restaurant and decontaminate it.
Mike and Sulley bring Boo home.
The next day, Sulley and Mike put a monster costume on Boo before taking her to work so that nobody will think that she is a human child.
In the lobby, Mr. Waternoose tells Sulley to stop by the simulation room to show trainees how scaring should be done.
Sulley and Mike go to the scare floor to see if her door is there and it wasn’t.
Then, Boo runs off and Sulley looks for her.
However, Mike couldn’t follow him because Celia got mad at him for ruining their birthday dinner.
He tries to kiss her, but she slaps him.
He then runs off looking for Sulley.
Randall stops Mike and asks where Boo is.
After Mike finds Sulley and Boo, they go back to the scare floor and find her door there.
Mike goes into her room and jumps on her bed.
Randall then captures him, sends the door back to the warehouse, and takes him to the basement.
In the basement, Randall builds a machine called a scream extractor, which he uses to harvest screams from children’s mouths.
Sulley and Boo go to the basement to find Randall and Fungus using the scream extractor on Mike.
Sulley unplugs the machine and Mike escapes.
Randall, plugs the machine back in and notices that his assistant Fungus is using it.
Mike and Sulley head to the simulation room where Sulley shows off his scaring abilities.
Mr. Waternoose then determines that scaring isn’t sufficient to solve the energy crisis and comes up with a new plan to kidnap children.
He kidnaps Boo and sends Mike and Sulley through a door that leads to the Himalayas.
In the Himalayas, Mike and Sulley meet a snowman monster named Yeti, who was also sent to the Himalayas.
Yeti tells both of them that there is a village nearby.
Sulley and Mike both go there and enter the factory through a door in one of the houses there.
They go to the basement, where Mr. Waternoose and Randall are using the scream extractor on Boo.
Sulley saves Boo.
He breaks the machine and throws it at Randall and Mr. Waternoose.
Sulley and Mike escape from Randall and head back to the scare floor to see if her door is there so that they can put her back in her room.
On the way, Celia attacks Mike, slowing them down.
Celia asks Mike to tell the truth about what happened or else they are breaking up.
Mike tells her what happened, but she doesn’t believe him until she sees Boo.
Mike and Sulley then ride doors through the door warehouse looking for Boo’s door, while being chased by Randall.
After Randall attempts to defeat both of them multiple times, they trap him in a door that leads to a trailer.
In the trailer, two people think he is an alligator and hit him multiple times with a shovel.
After defeating Randall, they head back to the scare floor with Boo’s door.
When they get back to the scare floor, Mr. Waternoose and the CDA are there waiting for them so that Waternoose can take Boo and the CDA can arrest Mike and Sulley.
Sulley takes Boo and her door to the simulation room.
Mr. Waternoose follows them and yells at Sulley to give him Boo.
When Sulley enters the simulation room, he rips a piece of one of the pipes on the left side of the doors and uses it to lock the doors so that Mr. Waternoose can’t get in.
Sulley replaces the door there with Boos door and puts Boo back in her room.
However, Mr. Waternoose manages to break into her room and Sulley tells him to leave Boo alone.
Mr. Waternoose then tells Sulley that he will kidnap a thousand children before he lets the company die and silence anyone who gets in his way.
Mr. Waternoose knocks Sulley out of his way and attempts to grab Boo, but ends up grabbing the simulation child instead.
Mike shows the recording of Mr. Waternoose saying to the CDA.
The CDA then arrests Mr. Waternoose and Mr. Waternoose blames Sulley for disrupting his plans to save the company.
After Waternoose leaves the simulation room, Roz appears.
Mike and Sulley tells Roz that they will return Boo to her room.
Roz tells them to get a door shredder so that she can destroy her door and end all contact with her.
After Mile and Sulley put Boo in her room, Roz demolishes the door.
Meanwhile, employees are gathering outside the factory to watch Mr. Waternoose get taken away.
Sulley then discovers that laughter can save the company, as laughter is proven to be 10 times more powerful than screams.
With that, Sulley takes the helm of Monsters Inc. as the new CEO.
During the company’s first day of making children laugh, Mike and Sulley go to the simulation room to find Boo’s door put back together.
Sulley enters it and sees Boo.