the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It was rebuilt by the architect Otto Bartning.
Each year about 4,000 participants take part in one of more than 175 courses, with 15.000 overnight stays.
August Straub: Burgen und Schlösser im Hessenland.,
August Weber: Die Geschichte des Kreises Hünfeld.
Fulda 1960
Rudolf Christl et al.:
1150-Jahre Dorf und Markt Eiterfeld.
Amt und Gericht Fürsteneck.
845 – 1995.
Eiterfeld 1995
Homepage of Burg Fürsteneck
European Nyckelharpa training in castle Burg Fürsteneck
International Days of the Nyckelharpa
Vocational course for medieval music
Burg Fursteneck
Castles in Germany
Pronunciation is a way a word is usually spoken.
It can be affected by many different factors:
Geographical location or dialect
Presence of speech defect
Education level
Mispronunciation is an actual mistake in speaking.
It is not used for how a speaker of a dialect pronounces a word.
Examples occur in many place names and personal names.
For instance, Leicester Square is actually pronounced like "Lester Square".
Register of a language
February 8 – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, leader of Egypt, started the Ikhshidid dynasty (d. 946)
January 20 – King Louis the Younger of Saxony
August 5 – King Louis III of France of Western Francia.
December 16 – Pope John VIII
Henry I of England, (1068 - 1135) King of England
Henry I the Fowler, (876 - 935), King of the Germans (Holy Roman Emperor)
Charles the Fat (Holy Roman Emperor), becomes Duke of Swabia
Henry I the Fowler (Heinrich der Vogler) first King of the Germans
Henry I the Fowler (Heinrich der Vogler) (876 – 936) becomes King of the Germans.
Robert I (15 August 860 – 15 June 923), king of West Francia (922 – 923), was the younger son of Robert the Strong, count of Anjou, and the brother of Odo of France.
Robert I was at the Siege of Paris in 885.
Robert had the title of Dux Francorum.
He did not call himself king of West Francia when his brother died in 898.
Instead he served the Carolingian king, Charles the Simple and defended northern Francia from the attacks of the Norsemen.
923 deaths
Rudolph (also Radulf, Ralph, or Raoul) (c. 890 – 15 January 936) was the Duke of Burgundy between 921 and 923.
He was King of France from July 13, 923 until his death.
He married Emma of France, daughter of Robert I of France and Béatrice of Vermandois.
The nobles elected him King of France after his father-in-law died.
890 births
Louis IV (920 – September 10, 954), was king of France from 936 to 954.
He was a member of the Carolingian dynasty and was son of Charles III and Eadgifu of England.
920 births
954 deaths
Ratchet & Clank is a platforming and shooting game for the PlayStation 2.
It was made by Insomniac Games and published by Sony.
It was released on November 7, 2002 in North America, November 8, 2002 in Europe, and December 3, 2002 in Japan.
It is the first game in the Ratchet & Clank series.
The game is about the character Ratchet, a made-up animal called a Lombax, and his robot friend Clank.
Ratchet and Clank travel around the galaxy to defeat an evil alien named Chairman Drek, who is trying to destroy planets.
The player is able to use many weapons and machines to attack enemies and solve puzzles.
In this game, the player plays as Ratchet most of the time, but can play as Clank sometimes.
Ratchet can use lots of weapons and gadgets to attack enemies, solve puzzles, and jump over gaps.
Clank can control smaller robots called "Gadgebots" who do things for him that Clank can not do on his own.
There are lots of different places the player can go to.
A factory making lots of big robots is seen.
One day a small robot is made by accident.
He sees a video of an alien leader called Drek.
Drek wants to break up lots of planets, and then use the pieces to make a new planet for his people, because his people'sold planet has become too polluted to live in.
The video scares the robot, and he gets away in a spaceship, but crashes on a made-up planet called Veldin.
Ratchet is a made-up animal called a Lombax, who lives on Veldin.
He wants to leave Veldin in his spaceship, and have adventures.
Ratchet finds the small robot and calls him "Clank".
Clank wants to stop Drek, and wants Ratchet to help him find a superhero called Captain Qwark, who he thinks will stop Drek.
Clank fixes Ratchet's ship, so that Ratchet will help him.
Later on, Ratchet and Clank find Qwark.
But Qwark is working for Drek, and he tries to kill Ratchet and Clank.
They both get away from Qwark, but Ratchet is angry at Clank.
Clank wants to stop Drek, but Ratchet only wants to find Qwark and kill him.
Soon, Ratchet shoots down Qwark's spaceship.
After this happens, he sees a video with Drek's army destroying a city.
The video makes Ratchet feel bad, and he says sorry to Clank for not helping him to find Drek.
They soon find out that Drek has a weapon called the "Deplanetizer".
He is going to destroy Veldin, Ratchet's home, and this makes Ratchet angry.
They find Drek, but he tells them he only did he whole thing to get money.
People bought parts of his new planet, and Drek has made lots of money.
But after the whole planet has been bought, he is going to pollute it.
Then he will have to make another new planet, and get lots more money.
But Ratchet and Clank kill Drek after a long fight, and use the Deplanetizer to destroy Drek's new planet.
This makes lots of rocks fall down to Veldin.
Clank gets his arm hurt, and Ratchet asks if he wants it fixed, and they both walk away together.
Snow Patrol is an alternative rock band from Scotland and Northern Ireland.
They are based in Glasgow and are signed to Polydor Records.
Snow Patrol was started as an indie rock band, but began to play more alternative rock and pop songs.
The band has released seven albums, Songs for Polarbears, Final Straw, When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up, Eyes Open, A Hundred Million Suns, Fallen Empires and Wildness.
Eyes Open won the award for Best Irish Album at the National Irish Music Awards.
1994 establishments in the United Kingdom
Pollyanna is a book for children written by Eleanor Hodgman Porter.
It was published in 1913.
Pollyanna-The game Story
A girl called Pollyanna is an orphan (her parents are dead).
She goes to live with her Aunt Polly (who did not marry) in Beldingsville, Vermont.
Pollyanna is happy all the time, and makes other people happy.
She plays a game called the "glad game", where you find something to be happy about even when you are sad.
Soon, everyone in the town is happy.
An accident occurs and Pollyanna is left unable to move her legs.
She has to learn to be happy again, and then she gets better because a doctor makes her well again.
Aunt Polly and the doctor marry.
Miss Polly Harrington is known around town for being a stern, hard woman who is set in her ways.
So it is only a sense of duty that causes her to open her home to Pollyanna, her newly orphaned niece.
But Pollyanna is a very special little girl, with a very special game that she teaches to the townspeople.
Soon, everyone in town is happier, and glad that Pollyanna came into their lives - everyone, that is, but Aunt Polly.
But then a terrible accident threatens to ruin Pollyanna's game forever, and everyone wonders who can teach this little girl to be happy again.
If someone is called "Pollyanna", it means they are always happy like Pollyanna is.
The "Pollyanna principle" means people say yes to positive statements (For example, instead of "What do you think of green?",
you can say "Don't you agree that green is a nice colour?").
Pollyanna was an irrepressibly, cheerful child.
So cheerful that her name survives in any standard American Dictionary. - '
an excessively or blindly optimistic person.'
Text of the book
1913 books
Middle Chinese (), or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren is a name given to an older version of the Chinese language.
People spoke it during Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties (6th century - 10th century).
The term "Middle Chinese", in contrast to Old Chinese and Modern Chinese, is usually used for historical Chinese phonology, which wants to reconstruct the pronunciation of Chinese used during these times.
Middle Chinese can be divided further.
There was an early period and a later period.
These can be told apart by the pronunciation of certain sounds that changed.
The Uyghurs (wee-ger; 维吾尔人) are a Turkic people living mainly in Xinjiang, China.
Over 11 million Uyghurs live there, more than any other part of the world.
Some Uyghurs seek independence from China.
There are also many Uyghurs in Beijing, Shanghai and Taoyuan County (Hunan, South-Central China).
There are Uyghur diasporic communities in Turkey, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and Mongolia.
Uyghurs are mainly Muslim and speak Uyghur, a Turkic language.
The Uyghur alphabet is based on the Arabic alphabet.
Uyghurs were originally from present-day Mongolia and immigrated to what is now Xinjiang during the 8th or 9th centuries AD.
A  is a piece of tableware.
It is used to keep chopsticks away from the table and also to prevent used chopsticks from coming in contact with or rolling off tables.
Chopstick rests are made in various shapes from clay, wood, glass, or precious stone such as jade.
Some people prepare them from bags of half-split disposable chopsticks in origami manner.
In Japan, chopstick rests are usually used at formal dinners and placed on the front-left side of the dishes.
The chopsticks are placed parallel to the table edge with the points toward the left.
Spoon rest
Knife rest
Chopstick rest Collection, A collection of hashioki
Chopstick rest stock photos and images, Fotosearch
Erick's Chopstick Rests (Hashi Oki) Page
Jen's Chopstick Rests Gallery
Jurek Zarzycki's Chopstick Rests collection
Chopstick rests , Asian Art Mall
Chopstick Rest , Mrs. Lin's Kitchen
Grindelwald is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli  in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
It is at the base of the railway to the Jungfraujoch.
Grindelwald official website
Solvation, commonly called dissolution, is the process of attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute.
The solvation is the action of dissolving the mix to form the solution.
(part A),  (part B),  (part C)
The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a duchy in northern Germany,  it was about the same as the modern rural district of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
The duchy also had three exclaves near the town of Fürstenberg and the area around Ratzeburg in modern Schleswig-Holstein.
The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was set up in 1701.
The capital was Neustrelitz.
In 1808, the duchy joined the Confederation of the Rhine.
The Congress of Vienna made it a grand duchy and member of the German Confederation.
Mecklenburg-Strelitz joined the North German Confederation in 1867, and became a part of the German Empire in 1871.
On January 1, 1934 it was joined with the neighbouring state of Mecklenburg-Schwerin to form the State of Mecklenburg (today part of the federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania).
The US county Mecklenburg (Charlotte, North Carolina) is named after Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Strelitz-born Princess Charlotte (queen consort of King George III of the United Kingdom).
The flower Strelitzia ("Bird of Paradise") also is in honor of her home country.
Queen Luise of Prussia also was a born princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Dukes of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 1701–1815
Adolf Friedrich II 1701–1708
Adolf Friedrich III 1708–1752
Adolf Friedrich IV 1752–1794
Karl II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1794–1815
Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 1815–1918
Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1815–1816
Georg, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1816–1860
Friedrich Wilhelm 1860–1904
Adolf Friedrich V 1904–1914
Adolf Friedrich VI 1914–1918
Friedrich Franz IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1918 (Regent)
House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Map of Mecklenburg in 1789
Charlemagne becomes King of all the Franks after the death of his brother Carloman
4 December: Carloman, brother of Charlemagne
The British Household Cavalry, is an army corps (pronounced "core") of two regiments  of soldiers.
Cavalry regiments, until the end of World War I, were always "mounted" on horses.
Nowadays cavalry regiments are mounted on tanks.
The British Household Cavalry is unusual because half of them are also still mounted on horses.
The two Regiments of Household Cavalry, the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment, which parades with horses and the Household Cavalry Regiment, which has light armoured vehicles, are manned by equal numbers of soldiers from The Life Guards and The Blues and Royals both of which are part of the "Household Division".
In Britain the "Household Division" has the special privilege of guarding the Sovereign and the Royal Household.
The term "Household Division" is used in all Commonwealth countries.
In many other countries there are similar highly-trained army corps which guard the head of state and have ceremonial duties as well as operational military roles.
Regiments of this sort can be found in Australia, Brunei, Belgium, Canada, Denmark and many other countries.
But when speaking in English of the "Household Cavalry", the term generally refers to the "British Household Cavalry".
The Life Guards and The Blues and Royals
In Britain there are seven regiments in the Household Division.
They are generally referred to as "The Guards".
Five of the Guards regiments are "infantry", which means that they are "foot soldiers" and are Foot Guards, and the senior two regiments are "cavalry" meaning they are first and foremost armoured soldiers who also have a ceremonial role "mounted" on horses for ceremonial duty.
The British Household Cavalry is made of two regiments: The Life Guards and The Blues and Royals.
They are the senior regular regiments in the British Army, with traditions dating from 1660.
The Horse Guards, (as they are known, for short), have their barracks in Hyde Park Barracks in Knightsbridge in London and perform their principal duty of forming daily The Queen's Life Guard at a building in London which was formerly the headquarters of the British Army.
There are always mounted guards on duty ouside the "Horse Guards" building in front of which lies the famous Horse Guards Parade where The Queen's Birthday Parade takes place.
There, the daily ceremony of the Changing of The Queen's Life Guard takes place. (
This is a different Changing of the Guard to the one at Buckingham Palace.)
The Colonel-in-Chief of both Regiments of Household Cavalry is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
The Colonel of The Life Guards is General Lord Guthrie of Craigiebank GCB, LVO, OBE.
The Colonel of The Blues and Royals is Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal KG, KT, GCVO, QSO. (
The motto of both regiments is Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense (Shame on him who thinks evil of it).
1660 - 1914: Dettingen, the Peninsula, Waterloo, Balaclava, Sevastopol, Tel el Kebir, Eqypt and South Africa
1914-1918: France and Flanders
1939-1945: Iraq, Syria, North Africa, Sicily, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, Germany and Denmark
since 1945: Cyprus, Northern Ireland, Falkland Islands, Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan.
The ceremonial uniform of the Household Cavalry has two features that are not often seen on other soldiers.
They wear a shiny Silver helmet With Brass and Silver fittings, with a long "plume" of horse hair hanging from the top.
When on mounted guard duty they also wear a "cuirasse" (metal chest armour).
The two regiments can be told apart by the colour of their jacket (which is called a "tunic") and by the "plumes" on their helmets.
The Life Guards wear red tunics with white plumes while The Blues and Royals wear blue tunics and have red plumes to their helmets.
While on guard, the soldiers carry swords.
When mounted on horses, the soldiers wear white riding-breeches, known as buckskins, and tall black winged leather boots, which are called jack boots, having been "jacked" or reinforced  against sword blows (Fr.
Jaque: chainmail).
The "farrier" assists the Regimental Veterinary Officer in of taking care of the horses.
When the farrier is mounted on parade, he carries the traditional symbol of an axe.
In battle, one of the farrier's jobs was to kill horses that were badly injured.
They also had to cut off one of the hooves so that there was proof of the horse's death so that a new one could be purchased.
The horses are all black three quareter bred Irish draught horses except for the trumpeters' horses, which are grey, and the drumhorses which are large draught horses.
They are almost invariably coloured horses, Shires or Clydesdales and are "piebald" (black and white), "skewbald" (brown and white) or roan.
The drumhorses each carry two solid silver kettle drums on parade.
The trumpeter, whose job is to relay messages by trumpet, can be told apart because he does not wear a cuirrass, and has a grey (white) horse.
On "State occasions" when The Queen or another member of the Royal Family is present, the bands of The Household Cavalry wear gold coats designed at the time of King Charles II made of gold braid and dark blue velvet jockey hats.
Each regiment has its own Quick March and Slow March.
They both use a Scottish tune the Keel Row for a ceremonial "trot past".
The Household Cavalry's Operational Role
The Household Cavalry Regiment is an armoured reconnaissance regiment based in Windsor.
Most Household Cavalry soldiers begin their careers on mounted duty before being posted, normally after about two years at ceremonial duty, to the reconnaissance regiment, which has Scimitar light tanks, where they are trained in driving, gunnery ands signals.
This regiment has deployed more than almost any other in the British Army to operations in Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan.
Gallantry medals awarded to soldiers of the Household Cavalry since 2003 include: a George Cross (GC) to Trooper Christopher Finney of The Blues and Royals, a Conspicuous Gallantry Cross (CGC) and a Military Cross (MC) to Staff Corporal Michael Flynn of The Blues and Royals (making him the most decorated serviceman in the British Army), a CGC to Lance Corporal of Horse Andrew Radford, a Distinguished Service Order to Major Richard Taylor of The Life Guards, and MCs to Captain Paddy Williams of The Blues and Royals and to Staff Corporal Shaun Fry of The Life Guards.
All these were awarded on operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Her Royal Highness Princess Anne, The Princess Royal, is the Colonel of The Blues and Royals.
She can be seen in uniform to the right of the picture.
Prince William of Wales and his brother Prince Harry of Wales have both served as "cornets" in The Blues and Royals.
Prince William can be seen in uniform in the photo to the left. (
His grandfather, the Duke of Edinburgh, wears the uniform of the Grenadier Guards.)
Michael Flynn (Blues and Royals) currently the most highly decorated soldier in the British Army.
Michael Flynn  "Supersquaddie"
The British Household Cavalry
"Horse Guards" from other countries
Pica ( ) is an eating disorder where a person wants to eat things that are not normal to eat, for example nails, rocks or feces.
A person with pica may also have a strong want to eat unusual things that are normally considered food but not in the normal way, for example, uncooked potatoes, flour or starch.
It is common in small children.
Berneri, a World War I veteran, University of Florence professor of humanities, and a member of the Unione Anarchica Italiana, fought always Fascists, and he started to fight fascism until 1926, when he was forced to escape from Italy and he went in France, then Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and finally the Netherlands.
In all these countries, Berneri was frequently placed under arrest, and then often expelled, because he was an anarchist.
When he was in these countries he wrote lot of anti-clerical and anti-fascist articles.
With Carlo Rosselli, Berneri organized the first troop (column) of Italian volunteers to fight in the Spanish Civil War against Francisco Franco.
After months he became highly critical of the involvement of Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) members in the Popular Front government, and he sent a letter to Federica Montseny (Anarchist minister for Health in the government against fascism).
During the Barcelona May Days, as troop of Communist Party of Spain members (apparently under orders from Joseph Stalin) searched  and then murdered him.
His body, riddled with bullets, was found during the night, near the headquarters of the Generalitat de Catalunya.
He was married to Giovanna Berneri and was father of Marie-Louise Berneri and Giliane Berneri.
The children were anarchists as the father Camillo.
Anarchism in Italy
Camillo Berneri Page  on the Anarchist Encyclopedia site
The Writings of Camillo Berneri
In context with theatre and movies a scenario (from Italian, that which is pinned to the scenery) is a description of an event or series of actions and events.
In the Commedia dell'arte it was an outline of entrances, exits, and action describing the story of a play that was literally pinned to the back of the scenery.
Surviving scenari from the Renaissance contain little other than character names, brief descriptions of action, and references to specific lazzi with no further explanation.
It is believed that a scenario forms the basis of a fully improvisational performance though it is also likely that they were simple reminders of the plot for those members of the cast who were literate.
In the creation of an opera or ballet, a scenario is often developed initially to indicate how the original source, if any, is to be adapted.
This sketch can be helpful in "pitching" the idea to a prospective producer, director, or composer.
Scenarios are also used in policy planning, and when trying out strategies against uncertain future developments.
Here the key idea is for the scenario to be an overview, a summary, of a projected course of action, events or situations.
Scenarios are widely used by organizations of all types to understand different ways that future events might unfold.
Scenario, a brief description of an event.
Screenplay, in movies.
Scenario (computing), a typical interaction between the user and the system or between two software components.
Scenario analysis, a process of analysing possible future events by considering alternative possible outcomes.
Scenario paintball, a variant of the game of paintball.
Scenario planning, a strategic planning method that some organisations use to make flexible long-term plans.
Scenario test, a test based on a hypothetical story used to help a person think through a complex problem or system.
Kingmaker scenario, in a game of three or more players, is an endgame situation where a losing player, him- or herself unable to win, has the capacity to determine which player among others is the winner.
User scenario, used to communicate an idea for a product or experience involving interactivity.
Scenario (A Tribe Called Quest), a 1992 song by hip-hop group, A Tribe Called Quest.
Wu Cheng'en (, ca.
1500–1582), courtesy name Ruzhong (汝忠), was a Chinese novelist and poet of the Ming Dynasty.
He was born in Huainan, Jiangsu.
He studied in ancient Nanjing University for more than 10 years.
His most famous novel is Journey to the West in which a monk encounters the Flaming Mountains.
The novel has been enjoyed by many generations of Chinese and is the most popular Chinese classic folk novel.
The most famous English translation of the novel is by Arthur Waley and entitled Monkey.
Zhou, Xianshen, Encyclopedia of China, 1st ed.
1582 deaths
Chinese novelists
Nanjing  is the capital of China's Jiangsu Province, and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and culture.
Nanjing was the capital of China during several historical periods, including the former capital city of Republic of China, and is listed as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China.
Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure.
It has autonomy for jurisdiction and economy only slightly less than that of a province.
It lies in the downstream Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta.
With an urban population of over five million, it is also the second largest commercial center in the East China region, behind only Shanghai.
The Mandarin Chinese name of the city is , which means "The Southern Capital".
It got this name when the Yongle Emperor of the Ming family of rulers moved most of his government to Beijing ("The Northern Capital") in the early 1400s.
In Chinese, Nanjing's name is written .
Today, people spell it "Nanjing" because they use the pinyin way of spelling.
Pinyin tries to show how the word should sound in Mandarin.
People also used to write it , using Mr.Wade and Mr.Giles's way of spelling, and "Nanking", using the Chinese Postal Map's way.
Qinhuai District
Yuhuatai District
Gulou District
Pukou District
Liuhe District
Qixia District
Jianye District
Jiangning District
Lishui District
Gaochun District
City Wall and the Gate of China
Greenland Financial Center
Temple of Confucius
Yangtze River Bridge
Yuhuatai Park
Alsace, France
Bloemfontein, South Africa
Florence, Italy
Hauts-de-Seine, France
Houston, Texas, U.S.
Leipzig, Germany
Limassol, Cyprus
London, Ontario, Canada
Malacca Town, Malaysia (2001)
Mexicali, Mexico
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. (Nov 02, 1978, The 1st pair of Twin Cities between America and People's Republic of China)
Daejeon, South Korea
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Nanjing Government website
Jiangsu Network  Nanjing city guide with open directory
Nanjing travel guide from the website Synotrip
Nanking Illustrated is an old book from 1624
Waley was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent England, as Arthur David Schloss.
He changed his surname to the maiden name of his grandmother, Waley, in 1914, because he was a Jew.
He was appointed Assistant Keeper of Oriental Prints and Manuscripts at the British Museum in 1913.
During this time he taught himself Chinese and Japanese.
In 1929 he left to concentrate himself fully to his literary and cultural interests.
A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems, 1918
More Translations from the Chinese (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1919).
Japanese Poetry: The Uta, 1919
The Nō Plays of Japan, 1921
The Tale of Genji, by Lady Murasaki, 1921-1933
The Temple and Other Poems, 1923
Introduction to the Study of Chinese Painting, 1923
The Pillow Book of Sei Shōnagon, 1928
The Way and its Power: A Study of the Tao Te Ching and its Place in Chinese Thought, 1934
The Book of Songs (Shih Ching), 1937
The Analects of Confucius, 1938
Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China, 1939
Translations from the Chinese, a compilation, 1941
Monkey, 1942
Chinese Poems, 1946
The Life and Times of Po Chü-I, 1949
The Real Tripitaka and Other Pieces, 1952
The Nine Songs: A Study of Shamanism in Ancient China, 1955
Yuan Mei: Eighteenth Century Chinese Poet, 1956
The Opium War through Chinese Eyes, 1958
The Poetry and Career of Li Po, 1959
Ballads and Stories from Tun-Huang, 1960
The Secret History of the Mongols, 1963
Alison Waley, A Half of Two Lives (London, 1982)
Ivan I. Morris, Madly Singing in the Mountains: An Appreciation and Anthology of Arthur Waley (London,: Allen & Unwin, 1970).
John Walter de Gruchy, Orienting Arthur Waley: Japonism, Orientalism, and the Creation of Japanese Literature in English Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2003. .
Warring States Project, University of Massachusetts Biography
Waley's translation of The Way and its Power
Oriental studies include Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, and peoples and their histories; in recent years the term Asian studies has mostly replaced the older term.
European study of the region had primarily religious origins, which has remained an important motivation until recent times.
In 1907, he published a book entitled Associational Anarchism, in which he speak about the "free association of independent individuals.".
Chernyi was greatly influenced by individualist-anarchist Max Stirner.
On his return from Siberia in 1917 he enjoyed great popularity among Moscow workers.
He was also Secretary of the Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups, which was formed in March, 1917.
On the night of April 11, 1918 the Cheka, the secret police, attacked the building of the Moscow Federation, and the Black Guards offered armed resistance.
About forty anarchists were killed or striked and about five hundred were imprisoned.
In 1919 Chernyi joined a group called the Underground Anarchists, who published two numbers of a broadsheet which denounced the Communist dictatorship as the biggest tyranny in human history.
On September 25, 1919, a little group of social revolutionaries and anarchists bombed the headquarters of the "Moscow Committee" of the Communist Party in protest at the growing repression.
Twelve Communists were killed and forty-five others were mutilated.
August, 1921, the Moscow Izvestia published an official report announcing that ten "anarchist bandits" had been shot without hearing or trial.
Among the dead was Lev Chernyi although Paul Avrich indicates in two of his books on the Russian anarchists that Chernyi was executed in September of that year, not August.
Although he was not involved in the bombing of the Moscow Communist headquarters, he was, because of his association with the Underground Anarchists, a likely candidate for a frame-up.
The Communists refused to turn over his body to his family for burial, and there were persistent rumors that he had in fact died of torture.
Luigi Fabbri (23 December 1877 – 24 June 1935) was an Italian anarchist, writer, agitator and propagandist who was charged with defeatism during the World War I. He was the father of Luce Fabbri.
Born in Fabriano (Ancona), Italy in 1877, Fabbri was first sentenced for anarchist activities at the age of 16 in Ancona, and spent many years in and out of Italian prisons.
Fabbri was a long time supporter of  to the anarchist press in Europe and later South America, including co-editing, with Errico Malatesta, the paper L'Agitazione.
He helped edit the paper "Università popolare" in Milan.
Fabbri was a delegate to the International Anarchist Congress held in Amsterdam in 1907.
He died in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1935.
Life of Malatesta , translated by Adam Wight (originally published 1936).
Malatesta: L'Uomo e il Pensiero
Bourgeoise Influences on Anarchism
Letters to a Woman on Anarchy, 1905
Workers' Organisation and Anarchy, 1906 pamphlet
The School and the Revolution, 1912
Letters to a Socialist, 1913
The Aware Generation, 1913
Dictatorship and Revolution, 1921
Preventive Counter-revolution, 1922
Editor of L'Agitazione
Founded Il Pensiero ("The Think"), Lotta Umana (Uman Fight), Studi Sociale (Social Study)
Contributed to La Question Sociale (Social Question), Pensiero e Volonta, Fede Libero Accordo, L'Avvenire Sociale
"Libcom" page on Fabbri
Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia (; 14 January 1859 – 13 October 1909) commonly known as Francisco Ferrer, was a Spanish Catalan "free-thinker" and anarchist.
He was born in Alella (a small town near Barcelona).
A supporter of Spanish republican leader Ruiz Zorilla, Ferrer was exiled to Paris with his wife and children in 1885.
Divorcing his first wife in 1899, he remarried a rich Parisian teacher some time after.
In 1901 he returned to Spain and opened la Escuela Moderna (The Modern School) to teach middle-class children (then) radical social values, the school was free.
In 1906 he was arrested and accused of helping with Mateu Morral's attack on King Alphonso XIII and released a year later.
Early in the summer of 1908, after his release from jail, he wrote the story of the Modern School.
The book was called The Origins and Ideals of the Modern School and was translated into English by Joseph McCabe and published by the Knickerbocker Press in 1913.
After his execution, numerous supporters of Ferrer's ideas in the United States formed what were called Modern Schools, or Ferrer Schools.
The first and most important Modern School was formed in New York City in 1911, and then later a community was founded around a school, known as Ferrer Colony and Modern School.
Francisco Ferrer Collection MSS 248.
Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
Francisco Ferrer Page at the Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia
Francisco Ferrer Page at the Anarchy Archives
Bresci was born in Tuscany, and he went from Italy to the United States, he lived for many time Paterson, New Jersey, where there was a large Italian-American community.
He was one of the founders of La Questione Sociale, the Italian language anarchist paper published in Paterson.
In 1898, the high bread prices led to demonstrations all over Italy.
In Milan, an unarmed group of workers, women and children marched together for protesting, near the palace, which was surrounded by a strong military force under command of General Fiorenzo Bava-Beccaris.
The people ignored the order to stop, so the General gave the signal of fire with rifles and cannons, resulting in a massacre of innocent people.
Ninety people died, one of whom was Bresci's sister.
Umberto I's killing
King Humbert later decorated Bava-Beccaris, and the king after said thanks to him,for "the defense of the royal house", the king did not do anything for the innocent people died, he decorated the murtder, this is the reason that made Bresci determined to kill the king.
Bresci had his loan to the paper returned (without telling his comrades why), and with the money he went to Italy.
In Monza, where the king was visiting on July 29, 1900, he shot him three times.
Bresci was captured and put on trial, where he was defended by the anarchist lawyer Francesco Saverio Merlino.
He was sentenced in Milan on August 29, 1900, to life imprisonment on the jail of Santo Stefano Island near Ventotene, where lot of other anarchists had also been sent over the years.
Less than a year later he was found dead in prison.
It is not clear whether he committed suicide, as officially announced, or whether he was murdered by his guards.
Gaetano Bresci Page in the Anarchist Encyclopedia
Italian anarchists
Songs for Polarbears is the debut album by the alternative rock group Snow Patrol.
It was released on August 31 1998.
Gary Lightbody wrote all of the lyrics, and helped Mark McClelland and Jonny Quinn write the music.
The name of the album is a reference to how Snow Patrol was once called 'Polar Bear', but changed their name.
Songs for Polarbears was re-released in 2006.
"Downhill From Here" – 3:23
"Starfighter Pilot" – 3:19
"The Last Shot Ringing in My Ears" – 4:26
"Absolute Gravity" – 2:45
"Get Balsamic Vinegar... Quick You Fool" – 3:27
"Mahogany" – 2:46
"NYC" – 4:27
"Little Hide" – 2:41
"Make Up" – 2:12
"Velocity Girl" – 4:37
"Days Without Paracetamol" – 3:32
"Fifteen Minutes Old" – 3:08
"Favourite Friend" – 2:46
"One Hundred Things You Should Have Done in Bed" (UK release) – 6:14
"Marketplace" (hidden track on UK version, bonus track on U.S. version)
"I Could Stay Away Forever" (bonus track on U.S. version)
"Sticky Teenage Twin" (bonus track on U.S. version)
"Holy Cow" (bonus track on U.S. version)
"When You're Right, You're Right (Darth Vader Bringing in His Washing Mix)" (bonus track on U.S. version)
2006 re-release
"The Last Shot Ringing In My Ears" – 4:26
"One Hundred Things You Should Have Done in Bed/ Marketplace" – 6:14
"Sticky Teenage Twin" – 2:08
"Limited Edition" – 2:33
"Jj" – 1:47
"My Last Girlfriend" – 2:59
"T.M.T." – 2:51
"I Could Stay Away Forever" – 4:28
"When You're Right, You're Right (Darth Vader Bringing In His Washing Mix)" – 3:31
"Raze The City" – 4:20
"Riot Please" – 2:52
Snow Patrol albums
The old name of the town was El Maniel.
The city had, in , a total population of 25,710: 12,819 men and 12,891 women.
San José de Ocoa has a total area of , about  of the total area of the province of San José de Ocoa.
San José de Ocoa is on the southern side of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range").
The city is along the Ocoa river.
San José de Ocoa is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is .
The main economic activity of the municipality is farming; the main products are coffee, beans and potato.
Other vegetable, as cabbage and carrot are also grown as well as some tropical fruits (avocado and mango).
1805 establishments
19th-century establishments in the Spanish West Indies
1800s establishments in North America
Starfighter Pilot was the debut, or first, EP from the alternative rock band Snow Patrol, and was finished in 1997.
It was released on the Electric Honey record label.
The song "Starfighter Pilot" was also put on the band's first full-length album, Songs for Polarbears.
"Starfighter Pilot"
"Holy Cow"
When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up is the second full-length album by the Alternative rock band Snow Patrol.
It was released on March 5 2001.
Gary Lightbody wrote all of the lyrics, and wrote the music with Mark McClelland and Jonny Quinn.
When the album first was released, it was not bought enough to get its name onto the top 200 albums chart.
After the next album, Final Straw, became popular, people began buying When It's All Over We Still Have To Clear Up, and it went onto the chart.
"Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" – 2:10
"Ask Me How I Am" – 2:34
"Making Enemies" – 4:18
"Black and Blue" – 3:40
"Last Ever Lone Gunman" – 2:43
"If I'd Found the Right Words to Say" – 4:47
"Batten Down the Hatch" – 3:29
"One Night Is Not Enough" – 3:23
"Chased by... I Don't Know What" – 2:41
"On/Off" – 2:40
"An Olive Grove Facing the Sea" – 5:18
"When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up" – 3:17
"Make Love to Me Forever" – 2:55
"Firelight" – 3:43
"In Command of Cars" – 3:59
"Talk to the Trees" – 1:57
"Monkey Mobe" – 1:16
"Workwear Shop" – 2:25
"Ask Me How I Am" (Video) – 2:44
Final Straw is the third full-length album by the alternative rock band Snow Patrol.
It was released in the United Kingdom in 2003 and in the United States in 2004, under Polydor Records.
Gary Lightbody wrote all of the lyrics, and wrote the music with Nathan Connolly, Mark McClelland and Jonny Quinn.
The album was the first by Snow Patrol to become popular outside Northern Ireland and Scotland.
Final Straw was re-released in the UK in 2004 with two extra tracks, and then was able to be bought in the U.S. without the bonus tracks.
Album credits
Louie Teran - Mastering
Iain Archer - Vocals (Background)
James Banbury - Piano, String Arrangements, Cello
Fiona McCapra - Violin
Ben Georgiades 	- Engineer
Snow Patrol - Main Performer
Dan Swift - Engineer
Garrett Lee - Producer, Mixing
Gary Lightbody - Guitar, Glockenspiel, Vocals, Group Member, Vocals (Background), Keyboards
Mark McClelland - Bass, Group Member, Keyboards
Jonny Quinn - Drums, Group Member
Phil Tyreman - Assistant Engineer
Ian Dowling - Assistant Engineer
Mike Nelson - Mixing
Nathan Connolly - Guitar, Group Member, Vocals (Background)
Jeff McLaughlin - Assistant
Chris Lord-Alge - Mixing
"How to Be Dead" – 3:22
"Wow" – 4:02 (This song is on the PlayStation 2 game Gran Turismo 4)
"Gleaming Auction" – 2:04
"Whatever's Left" – 2:39
"Spitting Games" – 3:46
"Chocolate" – 3:02
"Run" – 5:54  (This song was part of the soundtrack for the movie Chumscrubber)
"Grazed Knees" – 2:55
"Ways & Means" – 4:48
"Tiny Little Fractures" – 2:27
"Somewhere a Clock Is Ticking" – 4:32
"Same" – 3:54
"We Can Run Away Now They're All Dead and Gone" (UK re-release bonus track) – 3:15
"Half the Fun" (UK re-release bonus track) – 2:54
is the second EP by alternative rock band Snow Patrol.
All of the songs are played live and are taken from one performance.
"Spitting Games"
"How to Be Dead"
"Grazed Knees"
"Chocolate"
"Run"
Eyes Open is the fourth full-length album by the alternative rock band Snow Patrol.
It was released May 1, 2006 internationally, and May 9, 2006 in the United States.
The "Special Edition" of the album has a bonus DVD with music videos of "You're All I Have".
Eyes Open was the best-selling album in the UK in 2006, and sold more than one and a half million copies.
The album reached #1 in its 11th week on the New Zealand chart and reached 2x Platinum there for shipping over 30,000 units.
In the UK, the album became 5x Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry.
It has also reached #1 in the ARIA Albums Chart, and became 3x Platinum on January 8, 2007 (210,000+ units shipped).
On November 26, 2006, it became the best-selling album of the year in the UK.
"You're All I Have" – 4:33
"Hands Open" – 3:17
"Chasing Cars" – 4:27
"Shut Your Eyes" – 3:17
"It's Beginning to Get to Me" – 4:35
"You Could Be Happy" – 3:02
"Make This Go on Forever" – 5:47
"Set the Fire to the Third Bar" (featuring Martha Wainwright) – 3:23
"Headlights on Dark Roads" – 3:30
"Open Your Eyes" – 5:41
"The Finish Line"  – 3:28
Lyrics by Gary Lightbody, music by Lightbody/Connoly/Simpson/Quinn/Wilson, published by Big Life Music Ltd.
Produced by Jacknife Lee for Big Life Management.
Peak positions and certifications
Epimetheus is a titan in Greek mythology, and is the brother of Prometheus, a Greek titan who gave all of the creatures something to protect themselves from the elements.
By the time he came to the humans, he had run out of feathers and fur to give.
He went to his brother, and he gave humans fire.
Kerenyi, Karl, 1951.
The Gods of the Greeks, pp 209ff.
Graves, Robert, (1955) 1960, The Greek Myths'' 39.a-j
Wrestling is a competition in which two people try to pin the other person to the ground during matches.
The people who wrestle are called wrestlers.
Striking is not allowed in wrestling.
Wrestlers use throws, takedowns, and trips to get their opponents down to the ground.
On the ground, they use holds and pins to control their opponent.
Wrestling is a popular and effective base for fighters in mixed martial arts competitions.
Greco-Roman (French wrestling)
Collegiate (folk style) (USA)
Kuresh ( Central Asia)
Guresh (Turkey)
Sumo (Japan)
Ssireum (Korea)
Bekh (Mongolia)
Chidaoba (Georgia)
Kushti  (India)
Diodes can be used to turn alternating current into direct current (Diode bridge).
They are used in power supplies and sometimes to decode amplitude modulation radio signals (like in a crystal radio).
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a type of diode that produce light.
The first types of diodes were called Fleming valves.
They were vacuum tubes.
They were inside a glass tube (much like a lightbulb).
Inside the glass bulb there was a small metal wire and a large metal plate.
The small metal wire would heat up and emit electricity, which was captured by the plate.
The large metal plate was not heated, so electricity could go in one direction through the tube but not in the other direction.
Fleming valves are not used much anymore because they have been replaced by semiconductor diodes, which are smaller than Fleming valves.
Thomas Edison also discovered this property when working on his light bulbs.
Semiconductor diodes are made of two types of semiconductors connected to each other.
One type has atoms with extra electrons (called the n-side).
The other type has atoms that want electrons (called the p-side).
Because of this, the electricity will flow easily from the side with too many electrons to the side with too few.
However, electricity will not flow easily in the reverse direction.
These different types are made by doping (semiconductor).
Silicon with arsenic dissolved in it makes a good n-side semiconductor, while silicon with aluminum dissolved in it makes a good p-side semiconductor.
Other chemicals can also work.
Function of a diode
Positive voltage at p-side
If you give positive voltage to the p-side and negative voltage to the n-side, the electrons in the n-side will want to go to the positive voltage at the p-side and the holes of the p-side will want to go to the negative voltage at the n-side.
Because of this, current flow is able to exist, but it takes a certain amount of voltage to get this started (very small amount of voltage is not enough to get the electric current to flow).
This is called the cut-in voltage.
The cut-in voltage of a silicon diode is at about 0.7 V. A germanium diode needs a cut-in voltage at about 0.3 V.
Negative voltage at p-side
If you instead give negative voltage to the p-side and positive voltage to the n-side, the electrons of the n-side want to go to the positive voltage source instead of the other side of the diode.
Same thing happens on the p-side.
So, current will not flow between the two sides of the diode.
Increasing the voltage will eventually force electric current to flow (this is the break-down voltage).
Many diodes will be destroyed by a reverse flow but some are made that can survive it.
Influence of temperature
When the temperature increases, the cut-in voltage goes down.
This makes it easier for electricity to pass through the diode.
Types of diodes
There are many types of diodes.
Some have very specific uses and some have a variety of uses.
Standard rectifier diode
This changes A/C (alternating current, like in a wall plug in a house) to D/C (direct current, used in electronics).
The standard rectifier diode has specific requirements.
It should handle high current, not be much affected by temperature, have a low cut-in voltage and support quick changes in the direction of current flow.
Modern analog and digital electronics use such rectifiers.
Light-Emitting Diode
An LED produces light when electricity flows through it.
It is a longer lasting and more efficient way of creating light than incandescent light bulbs.
Depending on how it was made, the LED can make different colors.
LEDs were first used in the 1970's.
The light-emitting diode may eventually replace the light bulb as developing technology makes it brighter and cheaper (it is already more efficient and lasts longer).
In the 1970's the LEDs were used to show numbers in appliances such as calculators, and as a way to show the power was on for larger appliances.
A photodiode is a photo detector (the opposite of a light-emitting diode).
It responds to light that comes in.
Photodiodes have a window or optical fiber connection, which lets light in to the sensitive part of the diode.
Diodes usually have strong resistance; the light reduces the resistance.
Zener Diode
A zener diode is like a normal diode, but instead of being destroyed by a big reverse voltage, it lets electricity through.
The voltage needed for this is called the breakdown voltage or Zener voltage.
Because it is built with a known breakdown voltage it can be used to supply a known voltage.
Varactor Diode
The varicap or varactor diode is used in many appliances.
It uses the region between the p-side and n-side of the diode where electrons and holes balance each other.
This is called the depletion zone.
By changing the amount of reverse voltage, the size of the depletion zone changes.
There is some capacitance in this area, and it changes based on the size of the depletion zone.
This is called variable capacitance, or varicap for short.
It is used in PLLs (Phase-locked loops) which are used to control the high-speed frequency a chip runs at.
Step-Recovery-Diode
The symbol is the symbol of a diode with a kind of snag.
It is used in circuits with high frequencies up to GHz.
It turns off very quickly when the forward voltage stops.
It uses the current that flows after the polarity was reversed to do this.
PIN Diode
The construction of this diode has an intrinsic (normal) layer between the n- and the p-sides.
At slower frequencies, it acts much like a standard diode.
But at high speeds it can not keep up with fast changes and starts to act like a resistor.
The intrinsic layer also lets it handle high power inputs, and can be used as a photodiode.
The symbol of this is the diode symbol, with an ‘S’ at the peak.
Instead of both sides being a semiconductor (like silicon), one side is metal, like aluminum or nickel.
This reduces the cut-in voltage to about 0.3 volt.
This is about half of the threshold voltage of a usual diode.
The function of this diode is that no minority carriers are injected - the n-side only has holes, not electrons, and the p-side only has electrons, not holes.
Because this is cleaner, it can react faster, without diffusion capacitance that can slow it down.
It also creates less heat and is more efficient.
But it does has some current leakage with reverse voltage.
When a diode switches from moving current to not moving current, this is known as switching.
It takes dozens of nanoseconds in a typical diode; this creates some radio noise, which temporarily degrades radio signals.
The Schottky diode switches in a small fraction of that time, less than a nanosecond.
Tunnel diode
A tunnel diode consists of a highly doped pn-junction.