the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Oldsmobile Cutlass Jetfire was fitted with a Garrett AiResearch turbocharger and the Chevrolet Corvair Monza Spyder with a TRW turbocharger.
In 1974, at Paris Auto Show, Porsche displayed the 911Turbo.
This was during the height of the oil crisis.
The 911Turbo was the first production sports car with exhaust turbocharger and pressure regulator.
The pressure regulator was the wastegate.
The first production turbo diesel automobiles were the Mercedes 300SD with a Garrett turbocharger, and the Peugeot 604.
Both were introduced in 1978.
Today, most automotive diesels are turbocharged.
The first successful turbocharged racing engine appears to have been in 1952.
Fred Agabashian in a diesel-powered Cummins Special qualified for the pole position at the Indianapolis 500.
He led for .
Then the turbo was damaged by tire debris.
Offenhauser's turbocharged engines first came to Indianapolis in 1966.
Their first victory came in 1968 using a Garrett AiResearch turbocharger.
Turbocharged cars dominated the 24 Hours of Le Mans between 1976 and 1988, and then from 2000-2007.
Formula One had a "Turbo Era" from  until .
Engines with a capacity of 1500 cc could produce as much as 1500 hp (1119 kW).
In 1977, Renault was the first to use turbocharged engines F1.
The performance made up for the high cost.
Other engine manufacturers started building turbos.
The turbocharged engines took over the F1 field.
They ended the Ford Cosworth DFV era in the mid 1980s.
the FIA decided that turbochargers were making the sport too dangerous and expensive.
In 1987, the FIA decided to limit the maximum boost of the turbos.
In 1989, turbochargers were banned completely.
World Rally Car racers have long preferred turbocharged engines.
They offer a very high power-to-weight ratios.
Turbo power started to rise to the levels of F1 cars.
The FIA did not ban turbos.
They restrict the turbo power by limiting the inlet diameter.
Multiple turbochargers
Some engines use two turbochargers.
They will both be the same size.
They are normally smaller than used on single-turbos engines.
They are often used on V-type engines, such as V6s and V8s.
Each turbo is powered by a separate exhaust pipe from the engine.
Because they are smaller, they reach their optimal boost more quickly.
This setup of turbos is normally called a parallel twin-turbo system.
The first production car with parallel twin turbochargers was the Maserati Biturbo of the early 1980s.
Some car builders avoid turbo lag (below) by using two small turbos.
The normal setup is to have one turbo working all the time.
The seconds turbo will only start working at higher RPM.
Because the turbos are smaller, they do not have as much turbo lag.
The second turbo will be able get to full speed before it is required.
This setup is normally called a sequential twin-turbo.
Porsche first used this technology in 1985 in the Porsche 959.
Turbocharging is very common on diesel engines in automobiles, trucks, locomotives, ships, and heavy machinery.
Diesels are particularly suitable for turbochargers for several reasons:
Turbocharging can dramatically improve an engine's power and power-to-weight ratio.
Truck and industrial Diesel engines normally run at their maximum speed.
This reduces problems with turbo lag.
Diesel engines have no engine knock.
The diesel fuel is injected at the end of the compression stroke, and ignited by compression heat.
Diesel engines can use much higher boost pressures than gasoline powered engines.
Using turbochargers to increase performance was very appealing to the Japanese builders in the 1980s.
The first example of a turbocharged motorcycle is the 1978 Kawasaki Z1R TC.
It used a Rayjay ATP turbo kit to build 0.35 bar (5 lb) of boost.
This raised the power up from  to .
It was only slightly faster than the standard model.
Several other motorcycles were built with turbos.
Turbo applications for motorcycles increased their price.
The small gains in performance were not worth the extra cost.
Since the mid 1980s, no manufacturers have produced turbocharged motorcycles.
A natural use of the turbocharger is with aircraft engines.
As an aircraft climbs to higher altitudes, the pressure of the surrounding air quickly decreases.
A turbocharger fixes this problem by compressing the air to higher pressures.
Temperature considerations
Compressing the air increases its temperature.
This causes several problems.
Increased temperatures can lead to engine knock because of increased cylinder head temperatures.
Hot air cannot burn as much fuel as cold air.
This will decrease the power produced.
The common method of dealing with the hotter air is to cool it.
The most common way is to use an inter-cooler or after-cooler.
These coolers reduce the temperature of the air before it enters the engine.
Modern turbocharged aircraft usually do not need to cool the incoming air.
Their turbochargers are generally small and the pressures created are not very high.
Thus, the air temperature is not increased very much.
Comparison to supercharging
To run a supercharger, it needs to take away some power from the engine.
The power it adds is more than the power it uses.
A turbocharger uses the exhaust gases.
This is heat energy that would be wasted.
Turbochargers can be damaged by dirty or poor oil.
Most manufacturers recommend more frequent oil changes for turbocharged engines.
The turbocharger will heat when running.
Many recommend letting the engine idle for several minutes before shutting the engine off.
This gives the turbo time to cool down.
This will increase the life of the turbo.
Turbo lag
The time required for the turbo to build up the needed pressure is called turbo lag.
This is noticed as a hesitation in engine response.
This is caused by the time taken for the exhaust system to speed up the turbine.
The directly-driven compressor in a supercharger does not have this problem.
Lag can be reduced by using lighter parts.
This allows the turbine to start faster.
Other mechanical changes can reduce turbo lag, but at an increase in cost.
Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc.'s Oil Free Turbocharger
NASA Oil Free Turbocharger
Lee Beon-Seok (hangul: , October 20 1900 – May 11 1972) was a Korean politician and independence activist.
He was South Koreas first National Defense Minister, first Prime Minister, eighth home minister, and Ambassador Embassy of Taiwan.
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=126195
Cheulgi Memorial Site
Sanat Naft Football Club () is an Iranian football club based in Abadan, Iran.
The team is sponsored by Iran's national petroleum industry and is part of the sports club Sanat Naft Athletic Club.
Irreducible Mind: Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century is a 2007 parapsychology book.
The book talks about ideas proposed by Frederic William Henry Myers.
Irreducible Mind says that the mind is separate from the brain or body.
The book says that the mind continues on after death.
The authors come from various fields of psychology, science studies, and psychical research.
Lead author Edward F. Kelly is Professor of Research in the Division of Perceptual Studies at the University of Virginia.
The book has been criticized for endorsing paranormal claims and pseudoscience.
In a review, clinical neurologist Sebastian Dieguez said the book is "painstakingly redundant, astoundingly arrogant in its claims and intents".
Dieguez wrote that the authors of Irreducible Mind took reports of paranormal phenomena and wild claims at face value, talked "quantum babble" and formed an ignorant "soul of the gaps" argument.
Aluminum Hormozgan F.C.  is an Iranian football club based in Bandar Abbas, Iran.
They currently compete in the Azadegan League.
2000s establishments in Iran
Steel Azin Football Club  is an Iranian football club based in Tehran, Iran.
First team
As of 20 July 2010
2007 establishments in Asia
Saipa Karaj Football Club  is a football team based in Karaj, Iran.
The team is owned by SAIPA, an Iranian automobile manufacturer.
Season-by-season
* Azadegan League.
** Iran Pro League.
Persepolis Football Club (, pronounced Perspolis) is an Iranian football club based in Tehran, Iran.
While the original name of the club is Persepolis, it is also called Piroozi (meaning victory) in Iran.
1960s establishments in Iran
All-time Premier League standings
Since the 2001-2002 season, IPL/Persian Gulf Cup has had nine seasons completed.
The table below shows the all-time statistics of all teams attended in the 9 seasons held.
Persian Gulf Pro League official website
Persian Gulf Pro League at Soccerway.com
List of Iran all-time top scorers at RSSSF
Esteghlal Cultural and Athletic Club  is an Iranian sports club most widely known for its professional football team based in Tehran.
It was founded as Taj (), meaning 'Crown' in Persian and renamed after the Islamic Revoloution in 1979.
Esteghlal have been Asian Champions AFC Champions League twice and have also won six National Championship titles.
Esteghlal together with Al-Hilal Riadh of Saudi Arabia are the second most successful clubs in Asian Champion's League, after Pohang Steelers of South Korea, with two champions titles and two runner up.
Disney Mickey's Magix was a breakfast cereal made by Kellogg's and Disney.
The cereal turned the milk in the bowl the color blue and the box had the theme of the "Sorcerer's Apprentice" segment from the movie Fantasia.
The cereal had toasted oats with marshmallows.
Country Store is a breakfast cereal made by Kellogg's.
Country Store is made in the United Kingdom and was first introduced in 1974.
Country Store on kelloggs.co.uk
Budweiser (Anheuser-Busch), an American brand of beer.
Budweiser Budvar, a Czech brand of beer.
Budweiser Bier Bürgerbräu, another Czech brand of beer.
A German adjective that describes something or someone from the city of České Budějovice in the Czech Republic.
It means potassium aluminium sulfate, a chemical compound.
It also means a double sulfate salt.
Potash alum is potassium aluminum sulfate
Sodia alum is sodium aluminum sulfate
Ammonium alum is ammonium aluminum sulfate
Words like "alum" and "potash" were used before modern chemistry developed.
The word 'alumen' occurs in Pliny's Natural History (2379 AD).
In the 52nd chapter of his 35th book, he gives a detailed description.
Different substances were distinguished by the name of 'alumen', but they were all astringents, and were all used in dyeing and medicine.
Czech culture
The song thrush (usually thrush, Turdus philomelos) is a member of the passerine songbird family Turdidae.
It breeds across much of Eurasia.
It is also known in English dialects as  throstle or mavis.
The song thrush has brown upperparts and black-spotted cream or buff underparts, and has three recognised subspecies.
Its distinctive song, which has repeated musical phrases, has frequently been referred to in poetry.
The song thrush breeds in forests, gardens and parks, and is partially migratory with many birds wintering in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East; it has also been introduced into New Zealand and Australia.
Although it is not threatened globally, there have been serious population declines in parts of Europe, probably due to changes in farming practices.
The thrush builds a neat mud-lined cup nest in a bush or tree and lays four or five dark-spotted blue eggs.
It is omnivorous and has the habit of using a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to smash snails.
Like other perching birds (passerines), it is affected by external and internal parasites and is vulnerable to predation by cats and birds of prey.
Breeding and survival
The female song thrush builds a neat cup-shaped nest lined with mud and dry grass in a bush, tree or creeper, or, in the case of the Hebridean subspecies, on the ground.
She lays four or five bright glossy blue eggs which are lightly spotted with black or purple.
Two or three broods in a year is normal, although only one may be raised in the north of the range.
On average, 54.6% of British juveniles survive the first year of life, and the adult annual survival rate is 62.2%.
The typical lifespan is three years, but the maximum recorded age is 10 years 8 months.
The thrush is occasionally a host of parasitic cuckoos, but this is rare because the thrush usually recognizes the cuckoo's eggs.
However, the thrush does not act with the same aggression towards the adult cuckoo as does the blackbird.
The introduced birds in New Zealand, where the cuckoo does not occur, still have the ability to recognise and reject non-mimetic eggs.
The song thrush is omnivorous, eating a wide range of invertebrates, especially earthworms and snails, as well as soft fruit and berries.
Like its relative, the blackbird, the thrush finds prey by sight, has a run-and-stop hunting technique on open ground, and will rummage through leaf-litter seeking food.
Snails are especially important when drought or hard weather makes it difficult to find other food.
The thrush often uses a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to smash the snail before extracting the soft body and invariably wiping it on the ground before eating it.
Young birds initially flick objects and attempt to play with them until they learn to use anvils as tools to smash snails.
The nestlings are mainly fed on animal food such as worms, slugs, snails and insect larvae.
Potassium aluminium sulfate, or potash alum, or potassium alum, is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is KAl(SO4)2.
It contains potassium, aluminium, and sulfate ions.
Crystals of it are transparent, and it is white when made into a powder.
It is a acidic solid at room temperature.
It does not have a colour; its crystals are transparent, and its powder is white.
It reacts with sodium bicarbonate to make carbon dioxide gas.
It exists naturally, and can be found as a mineral.
It is used to purify water.
It is an antiseptic.
It had several uses in the past, such as in dyeing clothes.
Aluminium sulphate
Ray Adduono (born January 21, 1947 in Fort William, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played 221 games in the World Hockey Association.
He played for the Indianapolis Racers, Cleveland Crusaders, Minnesota Fighting Saints, and San Diego Mariners.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a spice, widely used in Asian cooking.
It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant, in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae.
How it grows
Turmeric plants are widely grown in tropical areas of India, where over 70,000 acres are cultivated every year.
The plant has long leaves, surrounding spikes where small flowers form.
However the root, or ‘rhizome’ of the turmeric plant is harvested, in much the same way as ginger.
The turmeric rhizome takes about 10 months to grow before it can be harvested; it is then boiled, cleaned and dried in the sun.
Most of the harvested turmeric is ground up and sold in jars for use in cooking, however the fresh root turmeric can also be used.
Turmeric is one of the main ingredients of curry powder, and is used to give it the characteristic yellow colour.
It is also delicious added to rice dishes, seafood, and mustards and pickles.
Turmeric is also more widely used as a colourant for textiles and food products.
It is sometimes substituted for saffron as it is much less expensive, but produces the same yellow colour.
Turmeric has also been used as an alternative to medicine and can be made into a drink.
Peter George "Pete" Bakovic (born January 31, 1965 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left wing who played briefly in the National Hockey League in the late 1980s for the Vancouver Canucks.
Bakovic played his junior hockey for the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League but was never drafted.
After a strong final year of junior, he was signed as a free agent by the Calgary Flames in 1985.
A tough player who fought often, Bakovic spent three seasons playing minor pro in the Flames' system without seeing an NHL game.
In two years with the Moncton Golden Flames of the AHL, he lead the team in penalty minutes both years, but also posted good offensive totals, notching 54 and 51 points.
In his only year with the Salt Lake Golden Eagles, Bakovic posted 43 points in 39 games along with 221 PIM.
Late in the 1987–88 season, he was dealt to the Vancouver Canucks.
Vancouver immediately promoted him to their NHL team, and he played 10 games for the Canucks, recording 2 goals and 48 PIM.
However, injuries struck the next year and he found himself back in the IHL with the Milwaukee Admirals.
Bakovic would play three more seasons in Milwaukee without seeing another NHL game before retiring in 1991.
Following his retirement, Bakovic stayed in Milwaukee and remained with the Admirals organization as an assistant coach until 1998.
He continues to live in Milwaukee and coaches high school hockey.
Chrome alum, also known as chromium potassium sulfate, is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is KCr(SO4)2.
It contains chromium, potassium, and sulfate ions.
The chromium is in its +3 oxidation state.
It is a dark purple solid.
It is normally attached to extra water molecules.
Chromium(III) sulfate is a chemical compound.
Its chemical formula is Cr2(SO4)3.
It is a colored compound.
It is made by dissolving chromium or chromium(III) oxide in sulfuric acid.
It can also be made by reduction of chromates by sulfur dioxide.
It turns green when heated.
Chrome alum was used in the past.
It's an irritant.
Gustavo Dudamel (born January 26, 1981 in Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan conductor and violinist.
He became famous as the conductor of the Venezuelan youth orchestra Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar.
Today he is the principal conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony in Gothenburg, Sweden, and music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic in Los Angeles, California.
Dudamel is also the artistic director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar in Caracas, Venezuela.
Dudamel was born in Barquisimeto, Venezuela.
His father played the trombone.
He studied music when he was quite young, and learned the violin when he was ten.
He also studied composition.
He became involved with El Sistema, an organization in Venezuela to help children from poorer families to learn musical instruments.
He went to the Jacinto Lara Conservatory and then the Latin-American Violin Academy, learning the violin.
He began to study conducting in 1995.
In 1999, he became music director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar, the national youth orchestra of Venezuela, and toured several countries.
Dudamel won many prizes for conducting.
He soon became well-known and conducted the Philharmonia, the Israel Philharmonic, and the Los Angeles Philharmonic.
He signed a recording contract with Deutsche Grammophon.
He conducted Don Giovanni at La Scala, Milan,  in November 2006.
On September 10, 2007, he conducted the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra for the first time at the Lucerne Festival.
In March 2008, he first conducted the San Francisco Symphony.
In 2005, Gustavo Dudamel conducted at the BBC Proms when Neeme Järvi was ill.
He became Principal Conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony.
He still conducts the Simón Bolívar National Youth Orchestra
Dudamel first conducted in the  U.S. with the Los Angeles Philharmonic  at the Hollywood Bowl in 2005.
In 2009 he became their Musical Director.
On April 16, 2007, Gustavo Dudamel conducted the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra in a concert to celebrate the 80th birthday of Pope Benedict XVI, with Hilary Hahn as solo violinist.
The Pope was at the concert.
A documentary film Tocar y Luchar was made about Dudamel and El Sistema.
Gustavo Dudamel official website
William James (1842–1910) was an American psychologist and philosopher.
He was an original thinker in physiology, psychology and philosophy.
His major work was a twelve-hundred page book which gave us such ideas as the "stream of thought".
William was the brother of the novelist Henry James.
James was a pragmatist.
He defined true beliefs as those that prove useful to the believer.
Truth is verifiable (can be tested) when thoughts and statements correspond with actual things, and also "hang together," or cohere, as pieces of a puzzle might fit together.
These 'truths' are confirmed by the observed results putting them into practice.p427
"The most ancient parts of truth... once were plastic.
They were called true for human reasons... Purely objective truth..., is nowhere to be found... The reasons why we call things true is the reason why they are true, for 'to be true' means only to perform this marriage-function."
he wrote.
The "marriage-function" is "marrying previous parts of experience with newer parts".p83
James held a world view in line with pragmatism, declaring that the value of any truth depended on its use to the person who held it.
The world is a mosaic of diverse experiences that can only be understood through "radical empiricism".
Radical empiricism, not related to the everyday scientific empiricism, asserts that the world and experience can never be halted for an entirely objective analysis.
The mind of the observer and simple act of observation will affect the outcome of any empirical approach to truth.
The mind, its experiences and nature, cannot be separated.
James's emphasis on diversity as the default human condition has kept a strong influence in American culture, especially among liberals.
James's description of the mind-world connection, which he described as a "stream of consciousness", had a direct and significant effect on avant-garde and modernist literature and art.
In What pragmatism means, James writes that the central point of his own doctrine of truth is, in brief, that "Truths emerge from facts, but they dip forward into facts again and add to them; which facts again create or reveal new truth (the word is indifferent) and so on indefinitely.
The 'facts' themselves meanwhile are not true.
They simply <u/l>are</u/l>.
Truth is the function of the beliefs that start and terminate among them".
A headlamp is a light bulb mounted on the front of a machine.
Normally it is mounted on a car.
It shines forward.
It can be turned on and off.
It is used to see ahead of the machine so it wouldn't drive into trees or telephone poles.
Incandescent bulbs and a variant known as halogen bulbs are the most common types.
They are normally bright.
Shawn Horcoff (born September 17, 1978 in Trail, British Columbia, Canada) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey centre.
He played for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL) and is the captain of the team.
He also played for the Dallas Stars and Anaheim Ducks.
Brouwer also played in the AHL with the Hamilton Bulldogs and also played in the Swedish Elite League with the Mora IK team.
Daniel Hamhuis (born December 13, 1982 in Smithers, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defencemen.
He currently plays for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL).
A V6 engine, often just called a V6, is an internal combustion engine with six cylinders.
The engine has three cylinders on each side called banks.
In most engines, the two banks are at a right angle (90°) or less to each other.
All six pistons turn a common crankshaft.
It is the second most common engine design in modern cars after the inline four.
The V6 is a very compact engine design.
It is shorter than the straight-4.
Many V6 engines are narrower than the V8 engine.
They work well and are well suited to the popular transverse engine front-wheel drive cars.
It has largely replaced the inline-6, which is too long to fit in many modern cars.
It is more complicated and not as smooth as the inline-6.
The V6 is more compact, and more rigid, but also more prone to vibrations.
It is also becoming a high performance engine.
It has high power and torque output like the classic V8, but has good fuel economy.
Delahaye's design-engineer Amadee Varlet came up with a twin-cam V6, that went into series production as the Type 44, in 1911.
It was not successful enough to remain in production after 1914, when the first World war interrupted French automobile manufacturing. (
Information obtained through Club Delahaye, the recognized global authority and permanent holder of the registered Delahaye trademark).
The first series production V6 was introduced by Lancia in 1950.
Other builders soon started using V6 engines.
In 1959, General Motors built a heavy-duty 305 in3 (5 L) 60° V6 for use in their pickup trucks and Chevrolet Suburban.
The engine was later enlarged to 478 in3 (7.8 L) for heavy truck and bus use.
In 1962, the Buick Special offered a 90° V6 with uneven firing intervals.
Consumers did not like this engine because of the vibration.
Balance and smoothness
Due to the odd number of cylinders in each bank, V6 designs are unbalanced, whatever V-angle they use.
Each bank in a V6 has an odd number of pistons.
The V6 has an end-to-end rocking motion.
Counterweights on the crankshaft and a counter rotating balancer shaft compensate for some of the rocking motion.
The Lancia V6 in 1950 used a 60° angle between the cylinder banks and a six-throw crankshaft, to achieve equally spaced firing intervals of 120°.
The first Buick V6 was a 90°, based on their 90° V8.
This produced a rough-running design.
This was unacceptable to many customers.
Later designs have improved the engine and made it reasonably smooth.
V angles
60 degrees
The most efficient cylinder bank angle for a V6 is 60 degrees.
This makes the smallest size engine and reduces vibration.
60° V6 engines are not as well balanced.
Modern design has reduced most of the vibration.
60 degree V6 engines do not need balance shafts.
This design works well in larger cars where four-cylinder engines do not have enough power.
90 degrees
Some 90° V6 engines are built.
They are usually based on V8 engines.
It takes little work to change a V8 into a V6 engine.
The problem is these engines are wider and have more vibration than a 60° V6.
More modern 90° V6 engine designs avoid vibration problems by changing the crankshaft's design and firing timing.
Balancing shafts are often used to remove the remaining vibration.
120 degrees
120° could be thought of as the natural angle for a V6.
Each cylinder fires a power stroke every 120° of crankshaft rotation.
This allows pairs of pistons to share crank pins (a connection on the crankshaft).
Unlike the V8, there is no way to arrange a V6 to balance the piston forces.
Because of the odd number of cylinders in each bank, a balance shaft is needed.
The 120° design also creates a very wide engine.
It is too wide for most cars.
It is often used in race cars.
Race cars are designed around the engine, and vibration is not as important.
180 degrees
The  flat-6 boxer engine (180°) is only slightly wider than the 120° V6, and it is fully balanced.
Odd and even firing
When the fuel in a cylinder is burned, it pushes the piston down and creates power.
This is often referred to as firing.
Many early V6 engines were based on V8 engine designs.
This made a firing pattern with groups of two cylinders with an odd-firing order.
This resulting in rough-running engines with unpleasant vibrations at certain engine speeds.
More modern 90° V6 engines avoid this problem.
They use a split crank pin where the piston connects to the crankshaft.
This makes an even 120° firing pattern.
A 'split' crank pin is weaker than a straight one.
Modern metallurgical techniques can produce a crankshaft that is strong enough to not break.
The V6 engine was introduced into racing by Lancia in the early 1950s.
They had some good results.
Then Ferrari built the Dino V6.
Alfredo Ferrari, the son of Enzo Ferrari, was nicknamed Dino.
He suggested building a 1.5 litre V6 engine for Formula Two racing.
The Dino V6 was updated several times, and increased to a 2.4 litre engine.
The Dino V6 was used in the Ferrari 246 Formula One car in 1958.
Laverda showed a 996 cc V6-engined motorcycle at the 1977 Milan show.
The motorcycle was raced in the 1978 Bol d'Or 24 hour race.
Understanding the odd-fire V6
AutoZine Technical School – V6 Engines
V-06
da:V6
Valtteri Filppula (born March 20, 1984) is a Finnish professional ice hockey centre and left winger.
He currently plays for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He has also played in the NHL for the Detroit Red Wings and for Jokerit of the SM-liiga.
His brother Ilari Filppula plays hockey for HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Before playing in the NHL, Filppula played two seasons with Jokerit of the SM-liiga.
He was drafted with the 95th overall by the Detroit Red Wings in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.
Filppula won the Stanley Cup with the Detroit Red Wings in 2008 when they beat the Pittsburgh Penguins 4 games to 2.
Foolad Khuzestan Football Club  is an Iranian football club, based in Ahvaz, Khuzestan.
Foolad F.C. Official Website
Rah Ahan Football Club  is an Iranian football club based in Shahr-e-Rey.
They currently play in the IPL.
20th-century establishments in Iran
Saba Qom Football Club  is a football team based in Qom, Iran.
Sepahan Esfahan  is an Iranian football club based in Isfahan, Iran.
Sepahan is the last champion of the IPL in 2009-10 season.
Winners (2): 2002-03, 2009-10
Runner Up (1): 2007-08
Winners (3): 2003-04, 2005-06, 2006-07
Asian Champions League
Runner Up (1): 2007
Individual Honours
2002-03 :  Edmond Bezik - 13 Goals
2009-10 :  Emad Mohammed Ridha - 19 Goals
Sister clubs
Internazionale
Al Arabi Kuwait
Jonac FC
Al-Minaa
Adanaspor
Sanat Mes Kerman Football Club () is an Iranian football team based in Kerman, Iran.
The team is named after and sponsored by Kerman's copper industries.
Cameron Michael Neely (born June 6, 1965 in Comox, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger.
He played for the Vancouver Canucks for 3 seasons and the Boston Bruins for 10 seasons.
Neely was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2005.
He was named President of the Boston Bruins on June 16, 2010.
His jersey number #8 was retired by the Boston Bruins.
Both of Neely's parents died of cancer.
He set up the Cam Neely Foundation.
He helps cancer patients live at the "Neely House" while having cancer treatments.
The notochord is a flexible, rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates.
It forms the axis of the embryo.
In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main support down the length of the body.
In most vertebrates it is replaced by the vertebral column.
The notochord is found ventral (underneath) the neural tube (future spinal cord).
Notochords were the first "backbones" in chordates.
Notochords were advantageous to primitive fish-ancestors: they were a rigid structure for muscle attachment, but flexible enough to allow movement.
Embryos of vertebrates have notochords, and develop the vertebral column later.
Hurricane Diana struck Mexico in August of 1990 Atlantic hurricane season.
Although the hurricane had winds speeding at only 100 miles an hour, the storm still killed more than 130 people.
This hurricane also caused more than $100 million in damage (1990 USD).
The name Diana was later retired in Spring of 1991 and then replaced by Dolly.
Hurricane Erin struck Florida twice: the eastern side and the Panhandle Region in the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season.
The storm also struck Alabama.
It was not a very severe storm, though the damage caused by Erin was over $700 million.
Despite the damage, the name Erin did not get retired.
Tropical Storm Alberto was a catastrophic storm in the 1994 Atlantic hurricane season.
The cyclone was responsible for between 22 and 38 deaths and between $500 million and $1 billion in destruction (1994 USD).
The storm struck Northwest Florida, southwest Georgia and Alabama.
In spite of the destruction, the name Alberto was not retired.
The Menai Strait (, the "River Menai") is a narrow stretch of water which separates the island of Anglesey from the mainland of Wales.
It is in the northwest corner of Wales.
The straight is about 25km long.
There are two bridges over the strait.
The A5 road (which goes all the way to central London), goes across by the Menai Suspension Bridge.
There is also the Britannia Tubular Bridge.
Zob Ahan Football Club  is an Iranian football club based in Esfahan, Iran.
* Relegated.
** Promoted.
Current management team
This is a list of Nick Jr.'s original series, Team Umizoomi episodes.
Team Umizoomi is an animated mystery fantasy musical series with a focus on preschool mathematics.
It has been made available on iTunes.
It first broadcast on January 25, 2010.
Season 1: 2010
He was born in Greenock.
His father was a shipowner.
He soon showed a great talent for music.
In 1883 he got a scholarship to study  at the Royal College of Music, which had only just been founded.
His teachers there included Sir Hubert Parry and Sir Charles Villiers Stanford.
MacCunn became a professor of harmony at the Royal Academy of Music from 1888-1894.
He also taught at the Guildhall School of Music.
MacCunn composed several orchestral works as well as operas,  but he had to spend more and more time conducting in order to earn money.
For a time he conducted the Carl Rosa Opera Company.
He conducted Wagner’s opera Siegfried  and the first performance in English  of Tristan and Isolde.
In 1887 he conducted his overture The Land of the Mountain and the Flood'' at the Crystal Palace.
This was a very successful piece, and it remains the only composition of his which is still often performed.
The music has a Scottish feeling and sounds quite similar to the music of Mendelssohn.
Although he composed other pieces which were similar in mood, none of them were as successful as this one.
In 1888, he married Alison Pettie, daughter of the painter John Pettie who had painted MacCunn's portrait several times.
John Pettie liked music and helped MacCunn in his career by organizing concerts of his music.
New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, edited Stanley Sadie, 1980;
Biography from the British Musical Society
20th-century British composers
Yogi Bear is a cartoon series made by Hanna-Barbera in the early 1960s.
Yogi Bear (voiced by Daws Butler): A somewhat greedy and very hungry bear.
He lives in the fictional Jellystone Park  and tries to steal picnic baskets from tourists.
His catchphrase is "I'm smarter than the average bear".
He always wears a green hat and tie.
He would then become one of the most iconic animated characters.
Boo Boo Bear (voiced by Don Messick): A small bear who's Yogi's sidekick and best friend.
He always tries to stop Yogi from stealing picnic baskets, but always fails.
He wears a blue bow tie.
Ranger Smith (voiced by Don Messick): The ranger of Jellystone National Park.
He's Yogi's rival who always stops Yogi from stealing picnic baskets, but Yogi usually finds a way to trick the ranger.
The ranger wears a ranger uniform as well as black shoes.
Cindy Bear (voiced by Julie Bennett): A female bear who's Yogi's girlfriend, but Yogi would say that they're just friends.
She wears a blue skirt and frequently carries an umbrella.
Daws Butler as Yogi Bear
Don Messick as Boo Boo Bear, Ranger Smith, The Narrtor
Juile Bennett as Cindy Bear
Television shows about bears
1961 television series debuts
1962 television series endings
The network was launched in June 2005 as a result of discussion held the previous year at the International Conference for Renewable Energies in Bonn, Germany.
Its secretariat operates from offices in Paris, France, and is provided by the United Nations Environment Programme and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Technical Cooperation), in collaboration with the International Energy Agency.
REN21 has produced a number of internationally recognised reports on renewable energy policy and the development of the renewables marketplace.
Since 2005 REN21 has produced an annual Renewables Global Status Report, with Eric Martinot and Janet Sawin as lead authors.
A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft is at a right angle (90°) to the vehicle.
Many modern front wheel drive vehicles use a transverse engine mounting design.
The majority of rear wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal engine design, where the engine's crankshaft axis is parallel to the vehicle.
The first car known to use such an arrangement was a 1911 front-wheel drive car.
It had a clutch at each end of the engine, driving the front wheels directly.
The first successful transverse-engine cars were the two-cylinder DKW "Front" series of cars.
These first appeared in 1931.
After the World War II, SAAB used the configuration in their first model, the Saab 92, in 1947.
Placement of transverse engines
Front engine mounted – for front-wheel drive vehicles
Rear or mid-engine mounted  – for rear-wheel drive vehicles
A longitudinal engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft is parallel with the vehicle, front to back.
The majority of rear wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal engine design.
where the engine's crankshaft axis is parallel to the vehicle.
Placement of longitudinal engines
front engine mounted - the engine is mounted under the hood, over the front axle
rear engine mounted - the engine is mounted where the trunk would normally be, over the rear axle
mid engine mounted - the engine is mounted between the front and rear axles, where the rear seats would be located
Włocławska
Łodzka
Kniaziewicza
Andersa
Hallera
Map districts (pl)
Orange County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida.
It was formed in 1824 when it was originally called Mosquito County.
As of 2009, 1,086,480 people lived there.
Its county seat is Orlando.
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida.
It was formed on July 3, 1823.
As of 2005, the population is 81,413.
1823 establishments in the United States
1820s establishments in Florida Territory
Indian River County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on May 30, 1925.
As of 2000, 112,947 people lived there.
Gilchrist County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida.
It was formed on December 4, 1925.
Santa Rosa County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on February 18, 1842.
As of 2005, 143,105 people lived there.
Escambia County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida.
It was formed on July 21, 1821.
As of 2000, 294,410 people lived there.
Escambia County's seat is Pensacola.
Official county website
Kauai County is a county in the U.S. state of Hawaii.
It was formed in 1905.
As of 2000, 58,463 people live there.
Its county seat is Lihue.
Hawaii counties
1905 establishments in Hawaii
Dimethylmercury, sometimes called dimethyl mercury, is a chemical compound.
It contains methyl and mercury ions.
Its chemical formula is (CH3)2Hg.
It evaporates very fast.
It is a very strong toxin to the nervous system.
It doesn't react with water like other similar chemicals.
It contains mercury in its +2 oxidation state.
It can react with mercury(II) chloride to make a crystalline chemical compound.
It has almost no uses.
It is rarely used to test instruments that are used to detect mercury.
If just a drip gets placed on human skin, it will poison the person.
It gets into the brain easily when it goes through the skin.
The poisoning does not happen quickly, though.
It sometimes can take months before the poisoning effects show.
is a Japanese stage, movie, and television actor.
To English-speaking audiences, he is known for playing characters such as General Tadamichi Kuribayashi in Letters from Iwo Jima.
He played Lord Katsumoto Moritsu in the 2003 movie The Last Samurai and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Among other awards, he has won the Japan Academy Prize for Best Actor twice, in 2007 for Memories of Tomorrow and in 2010 for Shizumanu Taiyō.
He is also known for his acting in Christopher Nolan's movies, Batman Begins and Inception.
Japanese stage actors
Methyl is an ion.
It is made by removing one of the hydrogen atoms from an atom of methane.
It is an organic ion.
Its chemical formula is CH3.
It bonds with other ions, such as hydroxide, to make chemical compounds.
The bonding with hydroxide makes methanol.
If it bonds with mercury, it makes dimethylmercury.
Methyl groups added to cytosine are the basis of epigenetics.
They change the way genes act, and so explain how (for example)  identical twins may turn out differently later in life.
Or, they help understand how a mother's nutrition may have long-lasting effects on her offspring.
Methylation
Inception is a 2010 British-American science fiction action heist movie written and directed by Christopher Nolan, who also produced the movie with his wife, Emma Thomas.
The movie stars Leonardo DiCaprio as a professional thief who steals information by infiltrating the subconscious of his targets.
He is offered a chance to have his criminal history erased as payment for the implantation of another person's idea into a target's subconscious.
The ensemble cast includes Ken Watanabe, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Marion Cotillard, Elliot Page, Tom Hardy, Dileep Rao, Cillian Murphy, Tom Berenger, and Michael Caine.
The idea behind Inception was first developed over nine years before it was released.
But, there is also another anime film just like it called Paprika (2006 film).
After the 2002 completion of Insomnia, Nolan wrote an 80-page treatment for a horror movie envisioning "dream-stealers", presenting the idea to Warner Bros. based on ideas of lucid dreaming and dream incubation.
Deciding he needed more experience before tackling a production of this magnitude and complexity, Nolan shelved the project and instead worked on 2005's Batman Begins, 2006's The Prestige, and The Dark Knight in 2008.
He spent six months polishing up the script for Inception before Warner Bros. purchased it in February 2009.
Filming spanned in six countries, beginning in Tokyo on June 19 and finishing in Canada in November 22.
It was officially budgeted at $160 million, a cost which was shared between Warner Bros. and Legendary.
Nolan's success with The Dark Knight helped gain the movie $100 million to spend on advertising.
Inception was first screened in London on July 8, 2010 and was shown in standard and IMAX theatres on July 16, 2010.
Inception grossed over $828 million worldwide, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing movie of 2010.
Considered one of the best movies of the 2010s, Inception received critical praise for its screenplay, direction, themes, action sequences, visual effects, musical score, and ensemble cast.
It won four Academy Awards (Best Cinematography, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects) and was nominated for four more: Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Score.
Methyl iodide is a chemical compound.
It is made of methyl and iodide ions.
Its chemical formula is CH3I.
It is a liquid that evaporates easily.
When it is exposed to light, it turns purple because of iodine.
This can be stopped by keeping it with copper.
It breaks down when heated to make carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen iodide.
It is made by reacting iodine, red phosphorus, and methanol all at the same time.
Phosphorus(III) iodide is formed during the reaction.
Another way to make it is to react methanol with potassium iodide and some sulfuric acid.
It is used to add methyl to some organic compounds.
It can also be used as a pesticide.
It is used to make dimethylmercury and other chemicals.
It causes nausea and dizziness when breathed.
It can cause burns when put on skin.
Phosphorus(III) iodide, also known as phosphorus triiodide, is a chemical compound.
It is made of phosphorus and iodide ions.
Its chemical formula is PI3.
It is a red solid.
It is very unstable and a powerful reducing agent.
It reacts violently with water.
The reaction with water makes phosphorous acid and hydrogen iodide.
It is used in making chemicals.
Some think that it is too unstable to be stored, but it can be stored and can be bought.
Phosphorus(III) iodide is made by reacting iodine with white phosphorus dissolved in carbon disulfide.
It is dissolved in carbon disulfide because it does not dissolve in water.
It can also be made by reacting phosphorus(III) chloride with hydrogen iodide or some other iodide.
It reacts with alcohols such as methanol to make "alkyl iodides" such as methyl iodide.
Many times phosphorus(III) iodide is made in the reaction.
The alkyl iodides are used in many chemical reactions.
Carbon disulfide, also known as carbon bisulfide, is a chemical compound.
It consists of carbon and sulfide ions.
It contains carbon in its +4 oxidation state and sulfur in its -2 oxidation state.
Its chemical formula is CS2.
It is similar to carbon dioxide, although much more reactive.
Sulfide is a much more powerful reducing agent than oxide.
It burns very easily and catches fire at 90°C.
It smells sweet but is often contaminated other chemicals that smell bad.
It used to be made by reacting carbon and sulfur at a very high temperature.
Now it is made by "burning" methane in sulfur (instead of oxygen).
It is much harder to burn methane in sulfur.
The waste product (carbon disulfide) is also much more reactive than carbon dioxide, the normal waste product.
It is used to make carbon tetrachloride.
It is also used in making organic chemicals.
It is used to dissolve things like phosphorus and iodine and to kill insects.
Donovan Patton (born March 1, 1978) is an American host, actor, voice actor, and singer.
Patton graduated from the Interlochen Arts Academy and acted in Shakespeare plays such as Much Ado About Nothing and Romeo and Juliet before he replaced Steve Burns as Joe, the second host of Nickelodeon's children's television program Blue's Clues in 2002.
Series co-creator Angela Santomero stated that Patton brought Joe, his character, closer to the preschool viewer, as Joe was more willing to "jump into a problem rather than figure it out first like Steve".
After Blue's Clues ended Patton voiced Bot on Nickelodeon's Team Umizoomi, for his work on children's television series, Patton has been described as a "household name" and an "unqualified star to the 5-and-under set and their parents".
Although most of his career has been in children's television, Patton has also appeared in independent films, such as Awake and Lies I Told My Little Sister, and in television shows.
He also appeared in video games, such as Grand Theft Auto V, Lego Jurassic World, Star Wars: The Old Republic - Knights of the Fallen Empire and Halo 5: Guardians.
Donovan Patton graduated from the Interlochen Arts Academy in northwest Michigan.
His first acting roles were in Shakespeare plays such as Much Ado About Nothing and Romeo and Juliet.
Patton's "big break" came in 2002, when he was cast to replace Steve Burns as Joe, the second host of the Nickelodeon children's television program Blue's Clues.
He was up for a part in Blair Witch Project 2 at the time, but considered the role as Joe "a happy accident".
Patton became a "household name"  and has been called "an unqualified star to the 5-and-under set and their parents".
He was subjected to "the same kind of scrutiny" as Burns, who was involved in Patton's selection and helped train him, to earn the role.
Patton was selected out of 1,500 auditions.
He had never seen the show before his audition, but like Burns was the favorite with preschool test audiences.
He said, "I am convinced that I got that part because of a Christopher Walken impression I sometimes do.
There's a tape out there, somewhere, with both Steve Burns and myself doing a Blue's Clues scene both as Christopher Walken, which we did at the screen test.
Beginning in September 2000, Burns trained Patton to take over the host spot and advised him not to "think of [the show] as children's TV", but rather as "acting and telling the truth".
According to Traci Paige Johnson, one of the producers and creators of Blue's Clues, Patton's character was more like a preschooler and more innocent than Steve.
Angela Santomero, another producer and creator, stated that Patton's characterization as Joe brought him closer to the preschool viewer as Joe was more willing to "jump into a problem rather than figure it out first like Steve".
Patton liked working on Blue's Clues because, as he stated, "I got to go be a kid for twelve hours a day".
He called the show's crew "a real fun little family" and a "well-oiled machine" by the time he joined the show.
Patton remained on the show for 50 episodes, until it ended its run in 2006, and also appeared in its spin-off, Blue's Room, which premiered in 2004.
Several years later, Patton said he had not yet grasped the enormity of replacing Burns, even after he became a parent and witnessed the show's effect on his own children.