the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
While on a voluntary patrol over the lines Lieutenant.
Rickenbacker attacked seven enemy planes (five type Fokker protecting two type Halberstadt photographic planes).
Disregarding the odds against him he dived on them and shot down one of the Fokkers out of control.
He then attacked one of the Halberstadts and sent it down also.
First Distinguished Service Cross citation
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action near Montsec, France, April 29, 1918.
Captain Rickenbacker attacked an enemy Albatross monoplane, and after a vigorous fight in which he followed his foe into German territory, he succeeded in shooting it down near Vigneulles-les-Hatton Chatel.
General Orders No.
32, W.D., 1919
Second Distinguished Service Cross citation
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), U.S .
for extraordinary heroism in action over Richecourt, France, on May 17, 1918.
Captain Rickenbacker attacked three Albatross enemy planes, shooting one down in the vicinity of Richecourt, France, and forcing the others to retreat over their own lines.
Third Distinguished Service Cross citation
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action over St. Mihiel, France, on May 22, 1918.
Captain Rickenbacker attacked three Albatross monoplanes 4,000 meters over St. Mihiel, France.
He drove them back into German territory, separated one from the group, and shot it down near Flirey.
Fourth Distinguished Service Cross citation
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action over Boise Rate, France, on May 28, 1918.
Captain Rickenbacker sighted a group of two battle planes and four monoplanes, German planes, which he at once attacked vigorously, shooting down one and dispersing the others.
Fifth Distinguished Service Cross citation
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action on May 30, 1918, 4,000 meters over Jaulny, France.
Captain Rickenbacker attacked a group of five enemy planes.
After a violent battle, he shot down one plane and drove the others away.
Sixth Distinguished Service Cross citation
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action in the region of Villecy, France, September 14, 1918.
Captain Rickenbacker attacked four Fokker enemy planes at an altitude of 3,000 meters.
After a sharp and hot action, he succeeded in shooting one down in flames and dispersing the other three.
Seventh Distinguished Service Cross citation
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action in the region of Bois-de-Wavrille, France, September 15, 1918.
Captain Rickenbacker encountered six enemy planes, who were in the act of attacking four Spads, which were below them.
Undeterred by their superior numbers, he unhesitatingly attacked them and succeeded in shooting one down in flames and completely breaking the formation of the others.
Adamson, Hans Christian, Eddie Rickenbacker, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1946.
Blank, Joan Gill.
Key Biscayne, Pineapple Press, Sarasota, FL, 1996. .
Farr, Finis, Rickenbacker's Luck - An American Life, Houghton-Mifflin Company, Boston, 1979, .
Franks, Norman, et al.
American Aces of World War I. Osprey Publishing, 2001. , .
Lewis, W. David, Eddie Rickenbacker: An American Hero in the Twentieth Century, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2005.
Rickenbacker, Captain Edward V., Fighting the Flying Circus, Frederick A. Stokes, New York, 1919.
Rickenbacker, Captain Edward V., Seven Came Through, Doubleday, Doran and Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, 1943.
Rickenbacker, Edward V., Rickenbacker: an Autobiography, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1967.
Serling, Robert J., From the Captain to the Colonel; An Informal History of Eastern Airlines, The Dial Press, New York, 1980.
Whittaker, James C., We Thought We Heard the Angels Sing, E. P. Dutton, New York, 1943.
An account of the adrift at sea experience by another member of the crew.
The Races of Eddie Rickenbacker
16-year old Eddie Rickenbacker (VanderbiltCupRaces.com)
The Rickenbacker Papers at Auburn University
Adelaide Frost Rickenbacker, Auburn University
Rickenbacker photographs, Auburn University Digital Library
Fighting The Flying Circus (Wings of War) (1919) - text in public domain
Entry from Webster's American Military Biographies
July 14, 2008 - 90th anniversary Commemoration of Eddie Rickenbacker and 1st Pursuit Group in France
Eddie Rickenbacker, Boy Pilot and Racer - Audiobook available at iTunes
People from Columbus, Ohio
Suncheon is  a city in South Korea.
It belongs to Jeollanam-do.
70% of Suncheon  is composed of mountains and the city has the greatest number of mountains in the province.
The average temperature for the year is 12.5℃.
The average temperature in January is -0.5℃ and the average temperature in August is 25.2℃.
Since Suncheon fronts the southern sea, the city is relatively warm during the winter by the effect of oceanic climate.
Suncheon is famous among Korean travelers due to its beautiful tourist attractions and local food of great taste.
Among many spots, Suncheon bay is the most well-known.
It was selected as one of the top 5 coastal wetlands in the world.
The large mud flat stretches out and several kinds of birds and other living creatures live there.
Also, the wide field of reeds along the waterside forms magnificent view.
The Suncheon bay reeds festival is held every October and it gets great reputation.
Since the city is located near to the sea, dishes made of diverse fresh fish highly attract those who visit Suncheon.
Especially, thanks to the well-protected ecological environment, mudskippers which exist usually in the very clean mud flat are seen in the Suncheon bay.
They are used  for cooking in Suncheon and the dish is  very famous for its greater taste than any other region in the country.
Dean Edwards (born July 30, 1970) is an American actor and comedian.
Edwards joined the cast of Saturday Night Live in 2001.
He created several impressions.
These include Michael Jackson, Wayne Brady, Chris Tucker, Don Cheadle, Colin Powell, Serena Williams, Nipsey Russell, Denzel Washington, Grace Jones, and Billy Ocean.
Chris Tucker was Edwards' first impression.
This was also the an impression done by Jay Pharoah on his first SNL episode on September 25, 2010.
Even though Edwards was very good at impressions, he was not used much during his time working on the program.
He left after the program's 28th season.
He said it was because of creative differences.
He also appeared in Tony N' Tina's Wedding, The Sopranos, Robotomy, and Scared Shrekless.
In Scared Shrekless and Thriller Night, he voiced the part of Donkey.
Dailycomedy.com
was a  after Hōei and before Kyōhō.
This period started in April 1711 and ended in June 1716.
The nengō Shōtoku means "Correct Virtue".
Events of the Shōtoku Era
1711 (Shōtoku 1): An ambassador from Korea was received at Court.
12 November 1712 (Shōtoku 2, 14th day of the 10th month): Shogun Tokugawa Ienobu died.
1713 (Shōtoku 3): Tokugawa Ietsugu became the 7th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.
1714 (Shōtoku 4): The shogunate introduced new gold and silver coins into circulation.
1714 (Shōtoku 4): The poet Nozawa Bonchō died.
20 April 1715 (Shōtoku 5, 17th day of the 3rd month): The 100th anniversary of the death of Tokugawa Ieyasu was celebrated.
1711 establishments
1716 disestablishments
1710s establishments in Asia
Ice storms are weather phenomena caused by freezing rain.
The falling rain comes into contact with surfaces and turns into a thin sheet of ice.
Ice storms cause accidents, take power lines down and cause serious damage.
It starts with a layer of warmer (not freezing) air above a layer of huge-freezing temperatures lower down.
Frozen precipitation melts to rain while falling into the warm air layer, and then begins to refreeze in the cold layer below.
If the precipitate refreezes while still in the air, it will land on the ground as sleet.
Or, the liquid droplets continue to fall without freezing.
They pass through the cold air just above the surface.
This thin layer of air cools the rain to a temperature below freezing (), but the drops themselves do not freeze.
This is a phenomenon called supercooling.
When the supercooled drops strike ground or anything else below  (e.g. power lines, tree branches, aircraft), a layer of ice builds up, hence "freezing rain".
Reeferences
José Miguel Cabrera Torres, commonly known as Miguel Cabrera, is a baseball player for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB).
He was born on April 18, 1983 in Maracay, Venezuela.
He is a first baseman and a right-handed player; he bats and throws right-handed.
At the beginning of his career, he was a third baseman.
Cabrera is regarded as one of the best batters of all time - he currently holds the highest batting average among active players and is 2nd among active players in career home runs.
Cabrera has played a total of 2,226 games and compiled .317 average with 462 homers and 1,613 RBIs from 2003 to 2017.
He is a seven-time Silver Slugger Award winner.
Also, he was an American League (AL) Home run leader in 2008, a AL RBI Champion in 2010, a AL leading hitter in 2011.
In 2012, Cabrera won the AL Triple Crown, leading the league in home runs, RBI and average.
He won the 2012 AL MVP.
In 2013, he improved on the previous year's performance, and won a second AL MVP.
Also, Cabrera is a popular MLB player.
He is an 11-time All Star.
He was a National League All Star in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and an AL All Star every year from 2010 to 2016.
He is nicknamed 'Miggy' by his fans.
Cabrera is well known for his ability to drive pitches.
He hits for power to all fields, and is able to hit every type of pitch.
Cabrera's wife is named Rosangel.
Cabrera and his family live in Birmingham, Michigan.
Batting stats at Baseball-reference.com.
Retrieved December 13, 2011.
Jockbio.com.
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), just outside Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a US Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics.
As of January 1, 2007, Fermilab is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance, a joint venture of the University of Chicago, Illinois Institute of Technology and the Universities Research Association (URA).
Fermilab is a part of the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor.
Fermilab's Tevatron was a landmark  particle accelerator; at  in circumference, it was the world's second largest energy particle accelerator (CERN's Large Hadron Collider is 27 km in circumference), until being shut down on September 30, 2011.
In 1995, two teams at Fermilab (CDF and DØ, detectors which utilize the Tevatron) announced the discovery of the top quark.
In addition to high energy collider physics, Fermilab is also host to a number of smaller fixed-target and neutrino experiments, such as MiniBooNE (Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment), SciBooNE (SciBar Booster Neutrino Experiment) and MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search).
The MiniBooNE detector is a  diameter sphere which contains 800 tons of mineral oil lined with 1520 individual phototube detectors.
An estimated 1 million neutrino events are recorded each year.
SciBooNE is the newest neutrino experiment at Fermilab; it sits in the same neutrino beam as MiniBooNE but has fine-grained tracking capabilities.
The MINOS experiment uses Fermilab's NuMI (Neutrinos at the Main Injector) beam, which is an intense beam of neutrinos that travels  through the Earth to the Soudan Mine in Minnesota.
A large piece of land was reserved for Fermilab, but much of the equipment is underground.
The Fermilab scientists decided to use the land surface as an experiment in restoring Illinois original prairie.
They also started a farm to raise al herd of American bison.
The Fermilab Nature Areas is a separate non-profit group that administers these programs.
Between World War II and the 1960s, the federal government funded different particle accelerators at competing universities to build high-energy physics experiments.
Most notable were the Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC), which sent particles in a straight line,  the Brookhaven National Laboratory at SUNY Stoney Brook and the Cornell University synchrotron, which sent particles around in a circle to have the same magnets work on the particles many times.
By the 1960s, the cost of building bigger atom smashers were too high to fund each individual campus, and the size of ring for the next circular accelerator would be too large to fit on an existing college campus.
So, the federal government decided to start a new location to be run by physicists from several universities.
They held a competition to pick a site, but politicians fought for it to be in Illinois.
Weston, Illinois was a community next to Batavia.
It was a subdivision of pre-fabricated homes started in the early 1960s.
Sales were very slow, so the land developers tried to attract Fermilab to be a new employer on the edge of the new town.
However, it turned out that the amount of land needed would swallow up the entire town.
So, the town voted to sell all of the land, including the houses that had been built to Fermilab.
The town then dissolved.
The laboratory was founded in 1967 as the National Accelerator Laboratory; it was renamed in honor of Enrico Fermi in 1974.
The lab's first director was Robert Rathbun Wilson.
Wilson made many of the sculptures on the campus.
He is attributed as being responsible for it being finished ahead of time and under budget.
The high rise laboratory building on the site, the unique shape of which has become the symbol for Fermilab, is named in his honor, and is the center of activity on the campus.
Before the new buildings could be finished, the scientists moved into the Weston houses and also moved all of the farm houses on Fermilab to that location for use as office space.
They renamed Weston, "Fermilab Village."
It still houses visiting scientists.
Wilson brought in the team that had built the Cornell synchrotron to help build the original 200 GeV accelerator.
Two important inventions made this accelerator obsolete: superconducting magnets and using the same acclerator ring to send two groups of particles around in opposite directions so that when the collide they would have twice the energy.
After Wilson stepped down in 1978 to protest the lack of funding for the lab, Leon M. Lederman took on the job.
It was under his guidance that the original accelerator was replaced with the Tevatron accelerator.
The new accelerator was capable of colliding proton and an antiproton at a combined energy of 1.96 TeV. Lederman stepped down in 1988 and remains Director Emeritus.
The on-site science education center (which serves students and the general public) was named in his honor.
From 1988 to 1998, the lab was run by John Peoples.
From that time until June 30, 2005, the lab was run by Michael S. Witherell.
On November 19, 2004 Piermaria Oddone, formerly of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, was announced as Fermilab's newest director.
Oddone began his term as director July 1, 2005.
Fermilab continues to participate in the work in the LHC including serving as a Tier 1 site in the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid.
The State of Illinois is funding a new Illinois Accelerator Research Center building at Fermilab for scientists and industrial partners.
The first stage in the acceleration process takes place in the Cockcroft–Walton generator.
It involves taking hydrogen gas and turning it into H− ions by introducing it into a container lined with molybdenum electrodes: a matchbox-sized, oval-shaped cathode and a surrounding anode, separated by 1 mm and held in place by glass ceramic insulators.
A magnetron is used to generate a plasma to form H− near the metal surface.
A 750 keV electrostatic field is applied by the Cockcroft–Walton generator, and the ions are accelerated out of the container.
The next step is the linear accelerator (or linac), which accelerates the particles to 400 MeV, or about 70% of the speed of light.
Right before entering the next accelerator, the H− ions pass through a carbon foil, becoming H+ ions (protons).
The next step is the booster ring.
The booster ring is a 468 m circumference circular accelerator that uses magnets to bend beams of protons in a circular path.
The protons coming from the Linac travel around the Booster about 20,000 times in 33 milliseconds so that they repeatedly experience electric fields.
With each revolution the protons pick up more energy, leaving the Booster with 8 GeV. The Main Injector is the next link in the accelerator chain.
Completed in 1999, it has become Fermilab's "particle switchyard" with three functions: it accelerates protons, it delivers protons for antiproton production, and it accelerates antiprotons coming from the antiproton source.
The final accelerator was the Tevatron.
It was the second most powerful particle accelerator in the world (CERN's Large Hadron Collider being the most powerful).
Traveling at almost the speed of light, protons and antiprotons circle the Tevatron in opposite directions.
Physicists coordinate the beams so that they collide at the centers of two 5,000-ton detectors DØ and CDF inside the Tevatron tunnel at energies of 1.96 TeV, revealing the conditions of matter in the early universe and its structure at the smallest scale.
The Tevatron is being converted into a museum.
The linear accelerator also has a medical treatment facility.
Doctors treat people with cancer by shooting protons or neutrons from the accelerator into their tumors.
Holometer interferometer
Tevatron proton-antiproton collider: DØ and Collider Detector at Fermilab
MiniBooNE: Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment
Sciboone: SciBar Booster Neutrino Experiment
MINOS: Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search
MINERνA: Main INjector ExpeRiment with νs on As
NOνA: NuMI Off-axis νe Appearance
MIPP: Main Injector Particle Production
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Fermilab Today Daily newsletter
Other Fermilab online publications
Fermilab Virtual Tour
Architecture at the Fermilab campus
Fermilab site in Google Maps
The heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is  a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) which uses different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction.
The HBT  can handle signals of much higher frequencies, (up to several hundred GHz) than BJT.
HBT is commonly used in modern ultrafast circuits, mostly radio-frequency (RF) systems, and in applications requiring a high power efficiency, such as RF power amplifiers in mobile  phones.
The idea of using a heterojunction is as old as the conventional BJT, dating back to a patent from 1951.
The principal difference between the BJT and HBT is in the use of different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction.
This limits the injection of holes from the base into the emitter region, since the potential barrier in the valence band is higher than in the conduction band.
Unlike BJT technology, this allows a high doping density to be used in the base.
The high doping density reduces the base resistance while maintaining gain.
The efficiency of the heterojunction is measured by the Kroemer factor.
HBT Optoelectronic Circuits developed in the Technion (15Mb, 230p)
New Material Structure Produces World's Fastest Transistor  604 GHz Early 2005
Wet chemistry studies chemical reactions that occur in the liquid phase.
It is also called bench chemistry because many of the tests performed are done at a lab bench.
Wet chemistry uses laboratory glassware, such as beakers and flasks, without quantitative chemical analysis using instrumentation.
Many high school and college laboratories teach students basic wet chemistry methods.
Before the age of theoretical and computational chemistry, it was the main form of scientific discovery in the chemical field.
So, some people call wet chemistry classic chemistry or classical chemistry.
Today's society and quality control requirements need a high volume of wet chemistry.
So, many wet chemistry methods have been automated and computerized for faster analysis.
Wet chemistry techniques can be used for qualitative chemical measurements, such as changes in color (colorimetry), but often involves more quantitative chemical measurements, using methods such as gravimetry and titrimetry.
Some uses for wet chemistry include tests for:
pH (acidity, alkalinity)
conductivity (Specific Conductance)
cloud point (nonionic surfactants)
solids or dissolved solids
specific gravity
turbidity
moisture (Karl Fischer titration)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Chemical Oxygen Demand
eutrophication
coating identification
Ammonia Nitrogen
dissolved Oxygen
Phenols
Sulfate, Sulfide
Wet Chemistry Lab Photo
Korean Canadians are Canadians of Korean descent.
According to South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, there are 223,322 Koreans or people of Korean ancestry in Canada.
This is the fourth-largest population of Koreans outside of Korea (after Koreans in Japan and ahead of Koreans in Russia).
Also, the government of South Korean guessed that there are more than 100,000 Koreans living in Canada illegally.
The first Koreans who came to Canada were Christians.
They were sent by Canadian missionaries to study Christianity in Canada.
Not many stayed in Canada though; and in 1965, the total Korean population of Canada was only about 70 people.
However, after 1966's change of Canadian immigration laws, South Korean immigration to Canada grew.
Between 1970 and 1980, 18,148 Koreans immigrated to Canada, and another 17,583 came in the 1990s.
In the late 1990s, South Korea became the fifth-largest source of immigrants to Canada.
Toronto has the most Koreans in Canada, but Vancouver has the highest growth rate of Koreans.
They have increased 69% since 1996.
Montreal has the third-most Korean immigrants at this time.
In 2001, More Koreans went to Canada than to the United States.
The number of temporary residents also grew after the Canadian government made visas not necessary; South Korea sent the most international students to Canada in the late 1990s.
Many of the Koreans who came to Canada, came from the Korean population in China.
In the 1990s, many Koreans came to Canada because unemployment was high and income growth was low.
It was the opposite in the United States at this time.
They also came because the Canadian dollar was very weak, so they could get a lot of Canadian money from their Korean money.
In the USA, they could get less American dollars.
So they had more money if they came to Canada Lastly, in Korea at the time there was lots of anti-American feelings, and also many local native teachers came from Canada, so Koreans knew Canadians very well. .
Koreans Today
Korean Canadians are usually one of three types: first generation immigrants, the “1.5” generation who began their schooling in Korea but moved to Canada in their childhood or teen years, and the second generation born in Canada.
Each group is very unique, but Korean Canadians are very loyal to their Korean culture.
They do this by local culture activities, university and alumni groups, seniors’ groups, language schools and business contacts.
Vancouver and Toronto have Korean-language newspapers, and Korean television and radio programs.
Korean dance, music art, as well as martial arts and Korean cuisine, are very popular in Canada.
Today, many Korean Canadians are Christians, and often attend Korean churches.
A small number are Buddhist or are not religious.
Statistics were researched in 2007 by the South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
The statistics showed that among Koreans living in Canada, 86,084 are Canadian citizens, 72,077 are permanent residents, 20,738 people have student visas, and 19,271 other people are temporary residents.
The Canada 2001 Census said that there are 101,715 Canadians of Korean descent, but Korean community leaders and the media think that there are more than this.
A big group could be temporary students studying English.
According to the Canada 1996 Census, 53.6% of Korean immigrants to Canada graduated from University, compared to 23% of other Canadians.
However, because Canadian employers prefer degrees from Canada, Korean immigrants often do jobs that are not what they studied in Korea; 40% worked in family-owned businesses, and their average income is only 67% of other Canadian's income.
Placodonts were a group of Triassic marine reptiles which had heavy flat teeth.
These teeth were used for crushing shellfish.
Placodonts are in the Order Sauropterygia, the group that includes Plesiosaurs.
Placodonts were mostly between  in length, up to a maximum  long.
They are found in marine sediments of the Middle and Upper Triassic, 235–250 million years ago.
The first specimen was discovered in 1830, and the group was very widely distributed.
Shellfish were common throughout the Mesozoic period, but this group of shellfish-eaters went extinct at the end of the Triassic.
They were clearly a victim of some event which disturbed their lifestyle.
The end-Triassic had several extinction events which are not well understood.
The earliest forms like Placodus, in the early to middle Triassic, looked rather barrel-shaped.
Later placodonts had bony plates on their backs which protected their bodies while they were feeding.
By the Upper Triassic, these plates had grown so that some placodonts of the time looked like the sea turtles of modern day.
Other placodonts developed plates that resembled the shells of horseshoe crabs and trilobites rather than those of sea turtles.
These adaptations are examples of convergent evolution.
Because of their dense bone and heavy armour plating, these creatures would have been too heavy to float in the ocean.
They would have used a lot of energy to reach the water surface.
For this reason, and because of the type of sediment found with the fossils, it is suggested placodonts lived in shallow waters and not in deep oceans.
The placodonts ate shellfish.
Their front teeth stuck out: they would be used to dig up the shellfish, and pull them from any attachment to the ground.
Inside their mouth, the teeth were large and flat: they were used to crush the shells.
"Spade-like incisors at the front, for snipping and scraping oysters from the rocks; and broad circular back teeth that acted as a pounding board to crush the shells, before the flesh was swallowed".
Benton.p119
Becoming Jane is a movie directed by Julian Jarrold in 2007.
The setting of this movie is Hampshire, England in the 1700s.
The movie’s story was based on a fictional biography written by Jon Spence.
Anne Hathaway played Jane Austen.
James McAvoy played Thomas Lefroy.
This movie won the 2007 People's Choice Award for "Favorite Independent Movie".
It was nominated for 2008 Ivor Novello Award for Best Original Film Score.
Jane (played by Anne Hathaway) is a writer.
She lives in a rural area.
Her father is a pastor of small church.
Her her family is poor.
She is under a lot of stress since her mother wants her to marry Mr. Wisley (Laurence Fox).
He is the nephew of the wealthy Lady Gresham (Maggie Smith).
Meanwhile, Thomas Lefroy (played by James McAvoy) is working with his uncle as a lawyer in London.
He is ordered to go Hampshire due to his dissipated life.
When they meet the first time, Tom criticizes Jane’s works and she becomes angry about that.
Both of them have hostile feelings toward each other.
However, the feelings changes into affection as they meet several times.
Finally they decide to marry.
With a lot of expectation, they visits Tom’s uncle Judge Langlois.
The uncle does not approve of the marriage due to Jane’s poverty.
They break up, but since they love each other deeply, they elope.
But after knowing about the fact that Tom is the only hope of his family, Jane gives up their elopement and leaves to go home.
Twenty years later, Jane becomes famous writer and after a gathering, Jane and Tom meet again.
There, Tom is with his daughter who likes Jane’s book a lot.
His daughter asks Jane to read the novel.
To stop her Tom called his daughter’s name – Jane.
Knowing that Tom named his daughter after her, Jane accepts her request and reads her book, Pride and Prejudice.
Steven Chu (born February 28, 1948) is an American physicist.
He was the 12th United States Secretary of Energy from 2009 to 2013.
Chu is known for his research at Bell Labs in cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997, along with his scientific colleagues Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips.
Chu is the first Nobel Prize winner and the second Chinese American to hold a post in the United States Cabinet.
Before becoming the United States Secretary of Energy, he was a professor of physics and molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Berkeley.
He was also the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Before teaching at Berkeley, he was a professor of physics at Stanford University.
He has argued for more research into alternative energy and nuclear power.
He thinks the world should shift away from fossil fuels to help with climate change.
For example, he discusses a global "glucose economy".
This is a form of a low-carbon economy, in which glucose from tropical plants is shipped around like oil is today.
Chu was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
He has ancestry from Taicang, Jiangsu.
He attended and graduated from Garden City High School.
He received both a B.A. in mathematics and a B.S. in physics in 1970 from the University of Rochester.
He went on to earn his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1976.
He wrote a paper on gravitational redshift published in Nature (463, 926–929) in Feb 2010 and a second one co-authored in July 2010.
Secretary of Energy
His nomination to be Secretary of Energy was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate on January 20, 2009.
On January 21, 2009, Chu was sworn in as Secretary of Energy in the Barack Obama administration.
In March 2011 Chu said that federal regulators should not delay approving licenses for construction for planned U.S. nuclear power plants because of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. "
I think those things can proceed", Chu told reporters on Capital Hill, referring to construction license applications pending at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
In August 2011, Chu praised an advisory panel’s report on curbing the environmental risks of natural-gas development.
Chu responded to the panel’s report on hydraulic fracturing.
Hydraulic fracturing breaks up rock to get more oil and gas out of the ground.
The report recommendations include: greater data collection of air and water data, “rigorous” air pollution standards and mandatory disclosure of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process. “
The report ... recommends a range of tools for implementing these measures, including regulation, continuous improvement in best practices by industry, and ongoing research and development,” Chu said in a statement. “
I will be working closely with my colleagues in the Administration to review the recommendations and to chart a path for continued development of this vital energy resource in a safe manner,” he added.
Republicans in Congress have accused Chu for changing a US$535 million federal loan to Solyndra, an energy company.
When the company went bankrupt in 2011, the government lost the money.
A House Energy and Commerce subcommittee asked Chu in 2011 about the loan.
Secretary of Energy Steven Chu at United States Department of Energy
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 from Nobel Prize with biography, lecture, diploma, photos, symposia and links
Bio from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Energy@Berkeley: Solutions for Global Warming, University of California, Berkeley, November 13, 2007 includes link to event on YouTube
BP Makes Berkeley World Center for Biofuels press release on the BP collaboration February 16, 2007
Alternative Energy Sources March 28, 2005, Chu's PowerPoint presentation
Boulder’s physicists give Chu thumbs-up Article on other Nobel laureates' reactions to Chu as secretary of energy
UCTV Programs with Steven Chu
Physics Meets Biology
Berkeley's Nobel Tradition
Holding on to Atoms and Molecules with Lasers: Laser Cooling - From Atomic Clocks to Watching Biomolecules Move
What Can Physics Say About Life?
Conversations with History: A Scientist's Random Walk, with Steven Chu
Bio  and personal page  from Stanford University Department of Physics
Steven Chu: Uncovering the secret life of molecules from Stanford [Online] Report (July 16, 1997)
Chu's biophysics research group  at University of California, Berkeley
Growing energy: Berkeley Lab's Steve Chu on what termite guts have to do with global warming from UC Berkeley News (September 30, 2005)
March 12, 2008
"Climate Disasters a 'Significant Possibility' Interview with Steve Chu at Copenhagen Climate Council, November 3, 2008.
Interview with Steven Chu from "Growing Energy" from the PBS series e² energy
Interview, April 19, 2009
University of Rochester alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Pororo the Little Penguin is a South Korean 3D computer animation series planned by Iconix Entertainment and produced by Ocon, SK Broadband, and EBS.
Each season has 52 episodes and three seasons have been aired in South Korea until now.
In 2003, Season 1 was aired in 27 November 2003 in Korean channel, EBS.
In the beginning, 22 episodes of season 1 were made by North Korean company, Samcholli.
About 110 countries imported Pororo and aired it.
Pororo is so loved by children in Korea and he is perceived as an idol of children, so he is called Bbo-tong-ryung(뽀통령 in Korean)which means president Pororo.
Pororo and little animal friends live together in the town covered all over with snow and ice.
Pororo, a little curious penguin,  and his friends are all different, so great and small commotions occur in this little town.
Then one day, when Pororo and his friends hang out as usual, they find novelty egg under a tree in the woods.
Pororo takes that egg to his house.
Surprisingly, the egg hatches out and the little dinosaur is born, whose name is Crong.
Crong becomes new friends of Pororo.
Pororo and his friends learn lessons and form a friendship through adventures and events.
Silas Victor Phillipson – Eddy
Bjarke Seitzberg Sørensen
Gustav Johannes Hoder
Kit Eichler
Nis Bank-Mikkelsen
Sidsel Agensø
Søren Spanning
Tillie Bech
Pororo - The main character of this animation.
He is little blue penguin.
He always acts on impulse, because he is very curious.
He is obsessed about unusual stuff.
He enjoys adventures and challenges.
Crong - A little dinosaur who is found in the snow.
He is a troublemaker.
He wants to know many things and do many things.
Eddy - A little fox who wants to be a scientist.
He invents many things that cause problems.
He shows off himself and his inventions.
Rody - A robot who is strong.
He has arms and legs stretch.
Eddy made Rody, imitating before.
Poby - A big polar bear.
He is so kind that he is always there to help his friends when they are in trouble.
Tongtong - A little dragon who has magical powers.
He can fly and transform before.
He appears in the animation from season 3.
Loopy - A little beaver.
She is a crybaby who is very timid.
However, she is nice to her friends and takes care of them.
Petty - A little female penguin.
She is good at sports although bad at cooking.
Harry - A little bird who is pleasant.
Even though he is tone-deaf, he enjoys singing.
He always brightens up the atmosphere.
Popo and Pipi - Funny aliens.
Popo is timid and feminine and Pipi is eager and outgoing.
Queen Seondeok of Silla (606 – 8 January 647) was 27th ruler of Silla, one of the three ancient kingdoms of Korea.
She was a daughter of King Jinpyeong and Lady Maya of the Kim clan.
Because King Jinpyeong did not have any sons, Queen Seondeok became the first female ruler in Korean history after her father died.
Besides the name Seondeok, she was also called Sung-Jo Hwang-Go which means "sacred and dedicated queen".
Queen Seondeok was an intelligent and capable ruler who established the foundation of Silla's unity of Korea peninsula.
She ruled her kingdom wisely and improved her people’s life.
Also, she made a lot of effort to accept advanced culture of ancient China by sending international students and monks.
The star-gazing tower named Cheomseongdae and wooden tower with nine floors in Hwangnyongsa temple are the results of her effort.
According to some legend (in Korean history book Samguk Sagi) related to her, Queen Seondeok had great intuition and foresight.
She noticed where the enemy was hiding by natural phenomena, predicted many incidents before it happened, and even knew when she would die a couple of days ago and left her will before death.
Because of her extraordinary and heroic life, many Korean people make novels, plays, musicals and so on till now.
606 births
Styx Records is an Austrian record label.
It was founded in 1999  by the former drummer of the Mojo Blues Band, Peter Müller.
The label focuses on blues, rhythm&blues and boogie woogie from Austria.
Mojo Blues Band;
Frank Muschalle Trio;
Vince Weber;
Martin Pyrker;
Andreas Sobczyk;
Siggi Fassl;
Norbert Schneider’s R&B Caravan;
Henning Pertiet Trio;
Styx Records Homepage with samples from the labels records
The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (c 50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which has now been repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010 (), except in Northern Ireland where the Act still applies.
Formerly, it made it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport.
1995 in the United Kingdom
Pachypleurosaurs were primitive sauropterygian reptiles that vaguely resembled aquatic lizards, and were limited to the Triassic period.
They were long animals, ranging in size from 20 cm to about four metres in length, with small heads, long necks, paddle-like limbs, and long deep tails.
The limb girdles are greatly reduced, so it is unlikely these animals could move about on land.
The widely spaced peg-like teeth project at the front of the jaws, indicate that these animals fed on fish.
The Harrington Hump is a modular and easy-to-install system by which the height of a railway platform can be increased at relatively low cost.
The system takes its name from the Harrington railway station, which was the location of the first production version.
Harrington Humps are slowly being installed on other UK railway stations.
Seven Sisters Road is a road in north London, England.
The road runs within the boroughs of Islington, Hackney and Haringey.
It is an extension of Camden Road, and runs from Holloway Road (the A1 road) at the Nags Head crossroads then on to another crossroads with Blackstock Road and Stroud Green Road.
It carries on uphill alongside Finsbury Park to Manor House, and from there downhill to the junction with Tottenham High Road (the A10 road) at Seven Sisters Corner.
The road was authorised in 1829 and constructed in 1833 by the Metropolitan Turnpike Trust.
Seven Sisters Road is part of the A503.
The stretch running past Finsbury Park is open to the park on the west side, and on the east side are large Victorian villas now used mainly as hotels.
The indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) is a small seed-eating bird.
It is migratory.
Its range is from southern Canada to northern Florida during the breeding season, and from southern Florida to northern South America during the winter.
Its habitat is farmland, brush areas, and open woodland.
The indigo bunting is closely related to the lazuli bunting.
The indigo bunting is a small bird, with a length of 11.5–13 cm (4.5–5 in).
The male is a vibrant blue in the summer and a brown color during the winter months, while the female is brown year-round.
The male displays brightly colored plumage during the breeding season to attract a mate.
Nest-building and incubation are done solely by the female.
The diet of the indigo bunting is insects during the summer months and seeds during the winter months.
The Railway Magazine is a monthly British railway magazine, aimed at the railway enthusiast market, that has been published in London since July 1897.
it has been, for three years running, the railway magazine with the largest circulation in the U.K., having a monthly average sale during 2009 of 34,715 (the figure for 2007 being 34,661).
It was published by IPC Media until October 2010, with ISSN 0033-8923, and in 2007 won IPC's 'Magazine of the Year' award.
From November 2010, The Railway Magazine is now published by Mortons Media Group Ltd. (Mortons of Horncastle).
The London Transport Board was the organisation responsible for public transport in London, England, United Kingdom, and its environs from 1963-1969.
Alexander Valentine - Chairman, 1962 to 1965
Maurice Holmes (barrister) - Chairman, 1965 to 1969
1969 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
The northern shoveler (; Anas clypeata) is a common and widespread duck.
It breeds in northern areas of Europe and Asia and across most of North America, and is a rare vagrant to Australia.
In North America, it breeds along the southern edge of Hudson Bay and west of this body of water, and as far south as the Great Lakes west to Colorado, Nevada, and Oregon.
The northern shoveler is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
The conservation status is Least Concern.
The stiff-tailed ducks are part of the Oxyurinae subfamily of ducks.
All have, as their name implies, long stiff tail feathers, which are erect when the bird is at rest.
All have relatively large swollen bills.
These are freshwater diving ducks.
Their legs are set far back, making them awkward on land, so they rarely leave the water.
Feather sequences are complicated, and it is hard to tell how old one of these ducks is.
Feathers are vital for survival because of this animals tendency to spend time in the water.
Without feathers this duck would die of hypothermia because it could not regulate its body temperature.
was a  after Shōtoku and before Gembun.
This period started in July 1716 and ended in April 1736.
Events of the Kyōhō era
1717 (Kyōhō 2): Kyōhō reforms are directed and overseen by Shogun Yoshimune.
1718 (Kyōhō 3): The bakufu repaired the Imperial tombs.
1718 (Kyōhō 3, 8th month): Shogunate creates a  in Heian-kyō (Kyoto).
1721 (Kyōhō 6): Edo population of 1.1 million makes it the world's largest city.
1730 (Kyōhō 15): The Tokugawa shogunate monitors the Dojima Rice Market in Osaka.
3 August 1730 (Kyōhō 15, 20th day of the 6th month): A fire destroyed 3,790 houses in Heian-kyō.
1732 (Kyōhō 17): Locusts eat crops in areas around the inland sea.
24 September 1732 (Kyōhō 17, 24th day of the 9th month):  Former-Emperor Reigen died.
1733 (Kyōhō 18): Ginseng grown in Japan begins to be available in the Japanese food markets.
13 April 1735 (Kyōhō 20, 21st day of the 3rd month) : Nakamikado abdicated; and the succession passed to his son (senso).
Soon after, Empress Sakuamachi's role as monarch was confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).
1735 (Kyōhō 20): Sweet potatoes were introduced into the Japanese diet.
Noteworty coins were minted during this era, including the gold ōban and koban.
1716 establishments
1735 disestablishments
Tteokbokki () is a Korean traditional food which has sticks of rounded rice cake as the main ingredient. '
tteok ' is the Korean word for rice cake and 'bokki' is the Korean word for something fried.
Gungjung tteokbokki
Gungjung tteokbokki () is made by frying beef and rice cake with soy sauce.
It was developed in gungjung which means a Korean court.
General tteokbokki is cooked with seasoning using gochujang with starch syrup or sugar for the sweet taste.
Generally gungjung tteokbokki uses beef and vegetable because it was cooked at court but general tteokbokki uses fish cake, green onions and boiled egg.
jja-jang tteokbokki
In a cook book named 'Siuijeonseo' which was written in late 1800s, there is a record of tteokbokki.
However, tteokbokki might have existed before the late 1800s because the main ingredient is rice cake and there were rice cakes during the Three Kingdoms of Korea period.
Gungjung tteokbokki is different from tteokbokki because there were no red peppers in Joseon Dynasty so they made gungjung tteokbokki with vegetables and meats.
Modern tteokbokki was first made by Mabokrim who has sold tteokbokki with gochujang since 1953.
, also known as Horyaku, was a  after Kan'en and before Meiwa.
The period started in October 1751 and ended in June 1764.
During this time, the emperor and emperess were   and .
The nengō Hōreki means "Valuable Calendar" or "Valuable Almanac".
This time frame was created  by Emperor Momozono in 1754.
Events of the Hōreki era
The previous era ended in 1751 (Kan'en 4, 27th day of the 10th month); however, this nengō was created years later.
By Imperial command, the era was re-named on December 2, 1754, which then became 19th day of the 10th month of the 4th year of Hōreki.
1752 (Hōreki 2): An ambassador from the Ryūkyū Kingdom was received in Edo.
1754 (Hōreki 4): Shimazu clan was ordered to complete Kizo River flood control project
1755 (Hōreki 5): Calendar reform by Abe Yasukuni, Shibukawa Kōkyō and Nishiyama Seikyū is named Horiki Kojutsu Gen-reki (Hōryaku calendar)
1758 (Hōreki 8): Takenouchi Shikibu and others taught Confucianism and martial arts to the emperor in Kyoto.
1760 (Hōreki 10): Shogun Tokugawa Ieshige resigned and his son, Tokugawa Ieharu, became the 10th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.
1762 (Hōreki 12): Emperor Momozono  abdicated; and the succession passed to his sister (senso).
Soon after, Empress Go-Sakuramachi's role as monarch was confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).
31 August 1762 (Hōreki 12, 12th day of the 7th month): Former-Emperor Momozono died.
1763 (Hōreki 13): A merchant association handling Korean ginseng is founded in the Kanda district of Edo.
1764 (Hōreki 14): Sweet potatoes are exported from Edo to Korea.
The food crop in Korea is the result of a diplomatic mission.
1764 disestablishments
The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, ZAR), often informally called the Transvaal Republic, was a sovereign state in southern Africa ruled by the Afrikaners.
It was defeated by the UK and its colonies, the British Cape Colony and the Colony of Natal in the Second Boer War and became the British colony of Transvaal.
They usually happen with marine transgressions, when the sea overtops the land.
They are caused by either global high ('eustatic') sea level or the formation of large geologic basins which eventually connect to the ocean.
A modern example is the Baltic Sea.
The North Sea is not an inland sea, but it does sit on continental shelf, and so is epeiric (that is what the word means).
The Hudson Bay is often considered an epeiric sea because its depth averages 100ft (30 m) whereas, for example, the Bay of Bengal is 2,600 metres (8000 ft) deep.
So epeiric seas are on the continental plate, as are inland seas.
The inland seas, however, are more enclosed.
Amazon basin
After the breakup of Gondwana, the Amazon found its exit blocked by the rise of the Andes about 15 million years ago (mya).
A great inland sea developed, at times draining north through what is now Venezuela before finding its present eastward outlet into the South Atlantic.
Gradually this inland sea became a vast freshwater lake and wetlands where sediment flattened its profiles and the marine inhabitants adapted to life in freshwater.
Over 20 species of stingray, most closely related to those found in the Pacific Ocean, live today in the freshwaters of the Amazon, which is also home to a freshwater dolphin.
The Mediterranean Sea looks like a clear-cut example of an inland sea, but its deepest point is 5,267 m (17,280 ft) in the Calypso Deep of the Ionian Sea.
The Mediterranean is a genuine sea which has been squashed almost out of existence by the movement of Africa against the European tectonic plate.
It was formerly part of the ancient Tethys Ocean, which surrounded the old global supercontinent of Pangaea.