the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In 2011, Stiller starred with Eddie Murphy and Alan Alda in Tower Heist, about a group of maintenance workers planning a heist in a residential skyscraper.
He produced, directed, and starred in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, which was released in 2013.
In October 2016, Stiller revealed that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer in June 2014.
Following surgery, he received a cancer-free status in September 2014.
Ben Stiller at the Jonathan Ross Show.
Jewish American comedians
Jewish screenwriters
The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple way to find all the prime numbers up to some number n:
Write all the numbers from 2 up to n onto a piece of paper, in order.
We will perform the following steps so that all the non-prime numbers will be crossed out, and what's left will be the primes.
Choose the first, i.e. the smallest available number.
Call it p (it will be 2 at the start).
If there's no more available numbers, stop.
Count up from p as 2p, 3p, 4p, ..., up to n in steps of p, and cross out each of those numbers.
Some numbers will be already crossed out, that's okay.
Do not cross out the number p itself but consider it no longer available.
Go back to step 2.
When the algorithm is finished all the numbers that are left not crossed out are all the prime numbers from 2 up to n.
As an optimization we can start the counting in step 3 from  p2, and stop in step 2 when  p2  is greater than n.
This is allowed because for each number k that is smaller than p, the number kp in step 3 will be already crossed out as part of the algorithm working for some previous prime that is smaller than p – the smallest such prime which divides k evenly.
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was an American statesman and scientist.
He has also been known as "the First American".
He was a very important person in the American Revolution and helped make the Thirteen Colonies one nation.
As a leader of the Enlightenment, he influenced European scientists.
He even was the first thing many Europeans associated with America at the time.
His successful diplomacy in France was an important factor in the United States' win over Great Britain.
Childhood and family
Franklin was born in Boston.
After two years of school he stayed home as an apprentice in his father's candle-making shop.
Two years after starting to work at his father's shop, he went to work at his brother James' printing shop.
While working there, Franklin secretly wrote articles for the newspaper and labelled them as being by "Mrs. Silence Dogood".
He quarrelled with his brother and at age 17 ran away to Philadelphia, then to London and then back to Philadelphia.
Franklin loved books and reading.
Franklin, at the age of 21, established the colonies' first circulation library for all interested citizens.
He became rich and famous as a printer, publisher and writer.
Later, he sold his businesses and became busy with science and politics.
Benjamin Franklin was very important in Pennsylvanian and early American politics.
He was a leader in the city of Philadelphia, where he did many important things.
He was the President of the Academy and College of Philadelphia.
Later he became a councilman, a Justice of the Peace, later a representative of the city.
He also started one of the first public libraries in Philadelphia.
He was for many years the postmaster of Philadelphia, and in 1753 became Postmaster General of the Thirteen Colonies.
In 1757 he went to live in London as agent for Pennsylvania and later for other colonies.
He was in the Continental Congress, which led the country during the Revolutionary War, and he helped write the United States Declaration of Independence.
He controlled the postal service as Postmaster General.
As ambassador to France he helped persuade the French to join the war against Great Britain.
He helped negotiate the peace, too.
Later, he was part of the group that made the Constitution of the United States.
Franklin called himself a printer, but is also known for his writings.
Among some of the more well known are Poor Richard's Almanack, and the Pennsylvanian.
Franklin was a scientist who studied experiments in an effort to improve or correct them.
One of his greatest contributions was in the theory of electricity.
Most people see Franklin as one of history's greatest inventors.
For example, he invented the  lightning rod and bifocals, the Franklin stove, and the glass harmonica.
Benjamin Franklin owned slaves and printed ads to help slavers find runaway slaves in his newspaper.
Eventually, he changed his mind and became an abolitionist.
But he still made a lot of money from slavery.
The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (where he lived) marked his three hundredth birthday in 2006.
Many streets and a few towns are named for him.
A picture of Franklin has been on the United States' hundred-dollar bill since 1928.
He was also on the fifty-cent coin for 15 years.
Feldman, Eve B.  Benjamin Franklin: Scientist and Inventor.
New York: Library of Congress, 1990.
Three Hundredth Anniversary Website
Franklin's autobiography  at Project Gutenberg
Guide to Benjamin Franklin
US State Department bio
Website for PBS Franklin Television Series
Benjamin Franklin Citizendium
1706 births
Politicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Scientists from Boston, Massachusetts
Scientists from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Ambassadors of the United States to France
United States Postmasters General
Independent politicians in the United States
In Buddhism, the Noble Eightfold Path (Pali: ariya atthangika magga) is the path to the end of suffering.
It is the fourth part of the Four Noble Truths.
It can be summed up in three categories: wisdom (pañña), virtue (sila), and concentration (samadhi).
It asks for the Right view and the right intention, as well as other things.
It also asks for the right speech.
Right Thought - Realizing the Four Noble Truths (samyag-dṛṣṭi, sammā-diṭṭhi)
Right Understanding - Commitment to mental and ethical growth in moderation (samyak-saṃkalpa, sammā-saṅkappa)
Right Speech - One speaks in a non hurtful, not exaggerated, truthful way (samyag-vāc, sammā-vācā)
Right Actions - Wholesome action, avoiding action that would do harm (samyak-karmānta, sammā-kammanta)
Right Livelihood - One's job does not harm in any way oneself or others; directly or indirectly (weapon maker, drug dealer, etc.) (
samyag-ājīva, sammā-ājīva)
Right Effort - One makes an effort to improve (samyag-vyāyāma, sammā-vāyāma)
Right Mindfulness - Mental ability to see things for what they are with clear consciousness (samyak-smṛti, sammā-sati)
Right Concentration - State where one reaches enlightenment and the ego has disappeared (samyak-samādhi, sammā-samādhi)
Notes on the Noble Eightfold Path
Noble Eightfold Path, in Chapter 7: Success, in "A Young People's Life of the Buddha" by Bhikkhu Silacara
The Noble Eightfold Path - The Middle Way by Ven Dr.K.Sri.
Dhammananda
The Fourth Noble Truth: The Middle Path: BuddhaNet’s Buddhist Studies for Secondary Students
Gone with the Wind is a 1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell.
It tells the story of a family woman in the American South (and in the plantation of Tara) during the Civil War.
She falls in love with a city gentleman.
It is one of the most famous books of its time, and was made into a movie of the same name.
The title takes the name from the line of Ernest Dowson's poem: "I have forgot much, Cynara!
gone with the wind." (
The line appeared in the book).
Critics and historians have disagreed with its views of Confederacy and the American South before the Civil War.
But it is true to the events of the time, and also has a well-written account of the fall of Atlanta in 1864.
The book won the Pulitzer Prize on May 3, 1937.
In 1991, Alexander Ripley wrote its official sequel, Scarlett.
Three years later, it was made as a television miniseries.
In 2001, the copyright holders of the original book tried to stop sales of Alice Randall's The Wind Done Gone. (
The book retold Mitchell's story from a slave's point of view.)
The resulting lawsuit allowed the book to be published; it was seen, based on rules in the First Amendment, as a parody.
The Story behind Margaret Mitchell's book
RaveCentral: Gone with the Wind
Greatest Movies page
Photos of the first edition of Gone with the Wind
1936 books
Georgia (U.S. state) in fiction
Novels about the American Civil War
Romance novels
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies is a list of the top one hundred movies in American cinema.
It was made by the American Film Institute in 1998.
The television station CBS aired the list's special.
had to be made in the United States;
must have English as their language;
must run over sixty minutes in length;
had to be recognised at many award shows and festivals, and by critics and audiences;
left a lasting mark on American history and society.
Citizen Kane (1941)
Casablanca (1942)
Gone with the Wind (1939)
Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
The Wizard of Oz (1939)
The Graduate (1967)
On the Waterfront (1954)
Singin' in the Rain (1952)
It's a Wonderful Life (1946)
Sunset Boulevard (1950)
The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
Some Like It Hot (1959)
Star Wars (1977)
All About Eve (1950)
The African Queen (1951)
Psycho (1960)
Chinatown (1974)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
The Maltese Falcon (1941)
Raging Bull (1980)
Dr. Strangelove (1964)
Bonnie and Clyde (1967)
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)
Annie Hall (1977)
High Noon (1952)
To Kill a Mockingbird (1962)
It Happened One Night (1934)
Midnight Cowboy (1969)
The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)
Double Indemnity (1944)
Doctor Zhivago (1965)
North by Northwest (1959)
West Side Story (1961)
Rear Window (1954)
A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
Taxi Driver (1976)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
The Philadelphia Story (1940)
From Here to Eternity (1953)
All Quiet on the Western Front (1930)
The Sound of Music (1965)
The Third Man (1949)
Fantasia (1940)
Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
Tootsie (1982)
Stagecoach (1939)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
The Manchurian Candidate (1962)
An American in Paris (1951)
Shane (1953)
The French Connection (1971)
Ben-Hur (1959)
Wuthering Heights (1939)
The Gold Rush (1925)
Dances with Wolves (1990)
City Lights (1931)
American Graffiti (1973)
Rocky (1976)
The Deer Hunter (1978)
The Wild Bunch (1969)
Modern Times (1936)
Giant (1956)
Fargo (1996)
Duck Soup (1933)
Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)
Frankenstein (1931)
Easy Rider (1969)
Patton (1970)
The Jazz Singer (1927)
My Fair Lady (1964)
A Place in the Sun (1951)
The Apartment (1960)
Goodfellas (1990)
Pulp Fiction (1994)
Bringing Up Baby (1938)
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)
Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942)
Filmsite.org article
Montreal Mirror's opinion of the list
The Flag of Greenland was designed by Greenlander Thue Christiansen.
It features two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk at the center.
Its local name in the Greenlandic language is Erfalasorput, which means "our flag", but Aappalaartoq (meaning "the red") is also used for both the Greenlandic flag and the Dannebrog.
Today Greenlanders display both the Erfalasorput and the Dannebrog, often side by side.
Greenland first thought of the idea of a flag of its own in 1973, when five Greenlanders proposed a green, white and blue flag.
The following year, a newspaper printed eleven design proposals (all but one of which was a Nordic Cross), and polled the people to determine the most popular.
The Dannebrog was better liked than any.
In 1978, Denmark granted home rule to Greenland, making it an equal member of the Danish Kingdom.
The home rule government asked for flag proposals, receiving 555.
293 were made by Greenlanders.
Out of all the designs, the current red-and-white design by Christiansen narrowly won over a green-and-white Nordic cross by a vote of fourteen to eleven.
Christiansen's red-and-white flag was officially adopted on June 21, 1985.
To honor the tenth anniversary of the Erfalasorput, the Greenland Post Office issued commemorative stamps and a leaflet by its creator.
He described the white stripe as representing the glaciers and ice cap; the red stripe, the ocean; the red semicircle, the fjords; and the white semicircle, the icebergs and pack ice.
The design is also reminiscent of the setting sun half-submerged below the horizon and reflected on the sea.
Kalaallisut or, in English, Greenlandic, is the standard dialect and official language of Greenland.
This standard national language is now taught to all Greenlanders in school, regardless of their native dialect.
It is related to Inuktitut.
It reflects almost exclusively the language of western Greenland and has borrowed a great deal of vocabulary from Danish, while Canadian and Alaskan Inuit languages have tended to take words from English or sometimes French and Russian.
It is written using the Roman alphabet.
The dialect of the Upernavik area in northwest Greenland is somewhat different in sound from the standard dialect.
Tunumiit oraasiat, (or Tunumiisut in Kalaallisut, often East Greenlandic in other languages), is the dialect of eastern Greenland.
It differs sharply from other Inuit language variants and has roughly 3,000 speakers.
Avanersuaq is the dialect of the area around Qaanaaq in northern Greenland.
It is sometimes called the Thule dialect or North Greenlandic.
This area is the northernmost settlement area of the Inuit and has a relatively small number of speakers.
It is reputed to be fairly close to the North Baffin dialect, since a group of Inuit from Baffin Island settled in the area during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
It counts under 1,000 speakers.
An earthworm is an invertebrate animal with a long, stretchy body and no legs.
It is a type of annelid.
There are 5,500 known species of earthworms in 21 families.
They are found everywhere, except in polar or dry climates.
Their sizes vary: they can be between two centimeters and about three meters in length.
The biggest known earthworm is the giant Gippsland earthworm, found in Australia.
It is usually about 80 cm in length, but can grow to about 3 meters.
Most earthworms can regrow lost segments, assuming the worm has not had too much damage.
This capability varies by species.
Long ago, all animals looking like worms were lumped together by John Ray and by Linnaeus in their classifications.
Later, biologists found that some were in quite different groups.
Roundworms and flatworms are different phyla.
Inchworms are a type of caterpillar, and the slow-worm is a legless lizard.
The average earthworm is a reddish brown color, with a pointed posterior and anterior end.
There are no eyes or other discerning facial features, only a simply opening for a mouth.
Earthworms have long, segmented bodies, covered in microscopic setae, or bristles, which help to anchor and pull the worm via longitudinal muscle contractions.
Earthworms have no lungs, and absorb oxygen directly through their skin.
In order to do this, they must stay moist, and do so by lubricating their skin with glands along their bodies.
Earthworms are invertebrates, lacking a skeleton.
To support and shape the body, they are filled with coelomic fluid.
Earthworms sometimes appear to have a "belt" or "saddle" around their bodies; this is a clitelum, a structure containing maturing eggs.
Earthworm habitats
Earthworms typically live in damp (but not wet), loose soil.
They can also be found in loose leaf litter, and after it rains they can be found on the surface as they are forced out of the water-logged soil.
Many gardeners welcome earthworms, as they aerate and enrich the soil with their droppings.
They are also found in compost, feeding on decaying vegetable matter.
An earthworm's burrow can be seen by the pile of dark, sand-like droppings, or casts, surrounding the entrance.
Earthworms are hermaphrodites, meaning they each contain male and female gametes.
During mating, both worms exchange sperm and have eggs fertilized.
The belt-like swollen area on the earthworm’s body, commonly called the "saddle" or "belt", is called a clitelum.
It secretes a slimy substance that forms capsules which protect the eggs (sperm cells and eggs merge inside the capsule and form embryos).
Inside, 1-20 eggs mature, taking between 60 and 90 days to hatch, depending on environmental factors such as humidity and temperature.
An earthworm takes up to a year to fully mature, and in the wild they can live from 4 to 8 years.
The typical earthworm diet is decaying matter, humus, leaf litter, microbial fungi, and other microscopic organisms.
Earthworms are important to the environment, breaking down organic matter and passing it through their gut as newly enriched soil.
An earthworm has no teeth, so it swallows grit to help grind food in its multi-chambered gut.
As an earthworm burrows and feeds, it aerates the soil and adds nutrients from deeper soil layers to upper layers, making easier new plant growth in the process.
For this reason, they are valued by farmers and gardeners worldwide.
Llewellyn, Clair 2000.
Earthworms.
Watts,
Henwood, Chris 2005.
Kalman, Bobbie 2004.
Darwin, Charles 1881: The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms.
London: Charles Murray.
sk:Ver
Wire is a long, thin and flexible piece of metal.
Wires are made in many different metals and sizes, and are used for many purposes.
Wire rope has been used for centuries.
Electrical wire is wire used to carry electricity.
When people touch wire that is carrying electricity, they get shocked, which is bad, so the outside coating of electrical wires is colored.
Most electric wires are black, but some wires have a differently colored coating.
Different colors indicate different purposes, for example, in the United States, green or bare is a ground (earth) wire, white is a neutral wire, and black, blue, red, brown, yellow, and orange are hot (live) wires.
Copper wire is the best known type of wire, but wire can also be made out of aluminum or other metals.
If we did not have wiring almost all of our electronics would not be working or available.
Electrical wiring
A whistle is a thing that uses a stream of gas (usually air) to make a sound, or the act of making a similar sound called whistling.
A whip is a long strand of leather or other fabric with a hard handle.
When a person shakes a whip fast, it makes a loud "crack" sound, because it has broken the sound barrier.
It is used for directing or hitting animals or people.
Die Toten Hosen is a German punk band from Düsseldorf, Germany.
They are one of the most popular punk bands from Germany.
Their career started in 1982.
Their first album was released in 1984 and named Opel-Gang.
Most of their songs are in German.
Some are in English and in a few other languages such as Spanish.
They have many fans in German-speaking countries but also they have many fans in South America and other parts of Europe.
Voice - Campino (Andreas Frege)
Guitar - Kuddel (Andreas von Holst)
Guitar - Breiti (Michael Breitkopf)
Bassguitar - Andi (Andreas Meurer)
Drums - Vom (Stephen George Ritchie)
1983: Opel Gang
1984: Unter falscher Flagge (With wrong flag)
1985: The Battle Of The Bands EP
1986: Damenwahl (Ladies's choice)
1987: Never Mind The Hosen-Here's Die Roten Rosen (aus Düsseldorf) (... (from Düsseldorf))
1987: Bis zum Bitteren Ende (LIVE) (Up to the bitter End)
1988: Ein kleines bisschen Horrorschau (A little bit of Horrorshow)
1990: Auf dem Kreuzzug ins Glück (On the Crusade to luck)
1991: Learning English
1993: Kauf MICH! (
Buy ME!)
1993: Reich & Sexy (Best of) (Rich & sexy)
1994: Love Peace and Money
1996: Opium fürs Volk (Opium for the people)
1996: Im Aufrag des Herrn (LIVE) (In the Name of the Lord)
1998: Wir warten aufs Christkind (Waiting for Christmas)
1999: Unsterblich (Immortal)
1999: Crash Landing
2002: Auswärtsspiel (Guest Match)
2002: Reich & Sexy II-Die fetten Jahre(Rich & sexy II-The big years)
2004: Zurück zum Glück (Back to Luck)
2005: Nur zu Besuch: Unplugged im Wiener Burgtheater (Only for a visit: Unplugged in the Viennese castle theatre)
2008: In aller Stille (In complete silence)
German musical groups
Punk bands
Heavy metal bands
Musical groups established in 1982
1980s establishments in Germany
1982 establishments in Europe
The balalaika is a musical instrument from Russia.
The Balalaika family includes the piccolo balalaika, prima balalaika, sekunda balalaika, alto balalaika, bass balalaika and contrabass balalaika.
They all have three strings.
There are many ways to tune balalaika; the most common tuning is E-E-A. The prima balalaika is played with the fingers, the sekunda and alto either with the fingers or a pick depending on the music being played.
The basses and contrabasses, which have legs that rest on the floor, are played with leather picks.
Early pictures of the balalaika show it had between two and six strings, like some Central Asian instruments.
Frets on earlier balalaikas were made of animal gut and tied to the neck so that they could be moved around by the player.
The balalaika was improved by a Russian, Vasily Vasil'yevich Andreev.
He had heard peasants on his farm playing badly made instruments.
Andreev wanted to improve the instrument and use it for concerts.
He spent the rest of his life working on this instrument with help from two violin makers and a carpenter.
They improved the soundboard, which made it louder.
He came up with the idea of the prima balalaike, sekunda, alto, bass and controbass balalaika.
He then spent several years writing and arranging music for groups of balalaikas to play.
The first public performance by the Ensemble of Balalaika Players took place in 1888.
Balalaika picture
Балалайка.орг.ру — theory, music sheets, video, forum...
Klezmer is a kind of music.
It was made by the Jews of Eastern Europe, and it is a mix of Russian, Greek and Romanian folk music, based on and Jewish prayer music.
In old times, it was played during Jewish weddings and religious festivals, and it was made for dancing.
The most common klezmer instruments are the clarinet and the violin, because they are the best to play in the sad klezmer style.
New South Wales is one of the states of Australia.
It is the oldest state in Australia and is sometimes called the "Premier State".
Of all Australian states, New South Wales has the most people.
An inhabitant of New South Wales is referred to as a New South Welshman.
The capital city of New South Wales is Sydney.
Sydney is the biggest city in Australia.
The name New South Wales came from the journal of Lieutenant James Cook (later Captain Cook), who sailed up the east coast of Australia in 1770.
He thought that the land looked like the south coast of Wales.
He named it "New Wales" but then changed the name in his journal to "New South Wales".
New South Wales was founded (begun) in 1788, by the British who set up a small colony which became known as Sydney Town, and grew into the city of Sydney.
The British colony of New South Wales originally included more than half of the Australian mainland, as well as New Zealand, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.
During the 19th century large areas were separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria, Queensland and New Zealand.
A coastal strip, which runs the whole length of the coast from the Queensland border to the Victorian border.
In some places this is a wide plain.
In other places it is just a very narrow strip of land between mountains and the sea.
The regions of the coastal strip are the North Coast (which borders with Queensland), the Central Coast, the Newcastle region, the Sydney region (which is called the Cumberland Plain), the Illawarra (which is the region around the city of Wollongong) and the Shoalhaven around Nowra.
The climate of this area ranges from cool temperate on the far south coast to subtropical near the Queensland border.
This whole of the coastal strip is affected by the sea.
For this reason, the temperatures are often cooled in the summer by sea breezes, and warmed in the winter by the currents along the coast.
This makes the climate less hot and less cold than that of the inland regions.
There is also more rain than there is farther inland where it is often very dry.
For this reason, the three largest cities are all on the coast.
The coast also has more intensive agriculture than the inland areas, with dairy cattle and vegetables crops, as well as sugar cane and bananas in the north.
The mountainous areas of the Great Dividing Range and the high country around them run parallel to the coast from Queensland to Victoria.
This includes the New England region, the Central Tablelands, the Blue Mountains near Sydney, the Southern Highlands and the Snowy Mountains.
The agricultural plains fill a big portion of the state's area, with many fewer people than the coast, includes the Riverina area around Wagga Wagga.
The dry plains in the far north-west of the state, have a few small communities.
The state is bordered on the north by Queensland, on the west by South Australia, and on the south by Victoria.
New South Wales contains two Federal Territories: the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), and the Jervis Bay Territory.
New South Wales' three big cities are Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong which all lie along the coast.
Other settlements include Albury, a large town which borders with Victoria; Broken Hill, the most westerly large town; Dubbo; Orange, Bowral, Bathurst, home of the Bathurst 1000; Port Macquarie, Tamworth, home to the country music festival; Armidale, Inverell, Lismore, Nowra, Gosford, Griffith, Queanbeyan, Leeton, Wagga Wagga, Goulburn, where a lot of Australia's fruit is grown and Coffs Harbour, a popular tourist destination.
The population of New South Wales at the end of June 2007 was 6.89 million people.
Population grew by 1.1% over the preceding year, lower than the national rate of 1.5%.
australian-post-codes.com Postcode Search
Postcode Tool – New South Wales
This article is about the cultivation and uses of hemp.
For the biology of the plant, see Cannabis.
For the drug, see Cannabis (drug).
For other uses of the word hemp, see Hemp (disambiguation).
Hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp.
sativa) is a plant and the fibers made from it.
It is a subspecies of the Cannabis sativa plant.
It is usually used to make cloth and other textiles, and ropes.
Hemp is one of the oldest plants humans have grown and used.
Hemp was domesticated in Asia over 10,000 years ago.
It was already used to make clothes, ropes, and an early form of paper.
The seeds were eaten, and the plant had medicinal uses.
From there the use of hemp spread.
In Europe, hemp was at least used 5,500 years ago.
It is one of the earliest domesticated plants recorded.
It is quite strong and does not need many pesticides (to keep away bugs) and no herbicides.
Linen and hemp were the most important fiber plants in Europe for a long time.
Hemp is similar to marijuana, but contains very little THC, the chemical that makes people feel good while using marijuana.
Hemp is completely legal in most U.S. states, France, Spain, Indonesia, England, and Ireland.
Uses for hemp
Mud bricks
Rammed earth
Cellulose based plastics
Paints and finishes
Medicine (cannabidiol)
Food & edible oil (seeds)
The 1000s decade span from 1000 to 1009.
Sweyn I of Denmark invades England.
1001: Stephen I becomes the first king of Hungary.
1008: Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized.
1009: The Ly dynasty, Vietnam's first independent dynasty, is proclaimed.
Canute invades England.
He and Edmund II divide the country; after Edmund's death he becomes sole king.
Bulgaria becomes part of the Byzantine Empire (1018).
Rajendra Chola I, son of the illustrious Rajaraja Chola I The Great, became the Chola Emperor.
There is confusion on the exact date.
According to Professor Kielhorn it is between 27 March and 7 July.
The Nile River in Egypt freezes over.
September 8 – King Richard I of England (died 1199)
Leopold V of Austria (died 1194)
Hojo Masako, wife of Minamoto no Yoritomo (died 1225)
May 15—Yury Dolgoruky, Russian prince (b. c. 1099)
August 21—King Alfonso VII of Castile (b. 1105)
Agnes of Babenberg, daughter of Leopold III of Austria (b. 1111)
Eystein II of Norway, king of Norway, (b. c. 1125)
Sweyn III of Denmark, king of Denmark (b. c. 1125)
June 11 Albert I of Brandenburg, also called, The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), became the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, Germany and the first Margrave
23 October—Battle of Grathe Heath.
A civil war in Denmark ended with the death of king Sweyn III.
Valdemar I became king of all Denmark and restored and rebuild the country.
April 11 – Battle of Ravenna.
French forces under Gaston de Foix, Duc de Nemours defeat the Spanish under Raymond of Cardona, but Gaston is killed in the fighting.
October 19 – Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology [Doctor in Biblia].
October 21 – Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg
November 1 – The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo (Michelangelo Buonarroti), is shown to the public for the first time.
Juan Ponce de León discovers the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Selim I succeeds Beyazid II as Sultan, ruler of the Ottoman Empire.
Moldavia is conquered by the Turks.
Copernicus writes Commentariolus and moves the sun to the center of the solar system.
First use of the word "masque" to denote a poetic drama.
Florentine Republic is dismantled and the Medici family comes back into power.
January 31 – King Henry of Portugal (d. 1580)
March 5 – Gerardus Mercator, Flemish cartographer (d. 1594)
April 10 – King James V of Scotland (d. 1542)
Galeazzo Alessi, Italian architect (d. 1572)
Henry Balnaves, Scottish politician and religious reformer (d. 1579)
Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell, Scottish renegade (d. 1556)
Edward Fiennes Clinton, English admiral (d. 1585)
Marcin Kromer, bishop of Warnia (d. 1589)
James Lainez, Jesuit General and theologian (d.1565)
Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII of England (d. 1548)
Mikolaj Rudy Radziwill, Polish magnate (d. 1584)
Tabinshwehti, king who unified Burma
Adrianus Turnebus, French classical scholar (d. 1565)
Jeronimo Zurita y Castro, Spanish historian (d. 1580)
The lung is an organ in many vertebrates (animals having a spine, or backbone).
It takes blood oxygen from the air, and expels carbon dioxide.
Most vertebrates with lungs have two of them.
In animals, the lungs are the area where gas exchange takes place.
Without gas exchange, oxygen would not pass into the blood from the lungs so the body cells would not be able to receive the oxygen needed for respiration.
The alveoli are moist to allow oxygen to move from the lung through the alveoli into blood vessels and red blood cells.
Carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli.
The oxygen-filled blood goes back to the heart and the carbon dioxide in the alveoli is pushed out of the lungs and into the air we breathe out.
Bird lung
Birds lungs are smaller than mammal lungs, and do not have alveoli, instead they have millions of para-bronchi.
These para-bronchi end up in tiny capillaries or very small blood vessels and they pass close to the body's blood vessels, so diffusion can occur and the oxygen and carbon dioxide is exchanged.
The oxygen and carbon dioxide in birds lungs are continuously  diffused into and out of the blood, not like in mammals where diffusion can only happen in the alveoli.
Air does not go into and back out of the lungs as in mammals.
Instead, muscular air sacs push the air forward through bird lungs.
Reptile lung
Reptile lungs open and close because of the ribs surrounding them pressing down on them and then opening up with the help of muscles.
The liver is also attached to the bottom of the lungs and when a muscle which is attached to the liver pulls, the liver moves away from the lungs and pulls them, making them bigger.
Amphibian lung
Frog lungs are very simple compared to most other lungs, they are simply balloons, with moist outsides allowing for diffusion.
But frogs do not move around much and so do not need lots of oxygen, but they can also take in oxygen through their moist outer skin if a big demand of oxygen is needed (e.g. Fight or flight response)
A revision site directed towards IGSCE students
A to Z list of diseases of the Lung
List of Lung Cancer information sites
In depth articles on the lung
In depth article on the anatomy of a lung
Kansas City, Missouri (the larger and more well known city with this name)
Kansas City metropolitan area, the metropolitan area of the above cities
Rock music is a genre of popular music.
It developed during and after the 1960s in the United States.
It originally started in the 1940s and 1950s with the start of rock and roll.
Rock and roll grew out of rhythm and blues and country music.
Rock music is related to a number of other genres such as blues and folk.
It has influences from jazz, classical and other music genres.
Musically, rock mostly uses the electric guitar as part of a rock group with bass guitar and drums.
Rock music is song-based.
It has a 4/4 beat and it has verse-chorus form.
However, rock has become very different and it is hard to say what its common musical instruments are.
Like popular music, rock music lyrics are mostly about "romantic love".
They can also have social or have political themes, however.
Rock focuses on musical skill, live performance, and it tries to be more real than pop music.
By the late 1960s, a number of different rock music below-genres had come out.
These included hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, and jazz-rock fusion.
From these forms, the counterculture developed psychedelic rock.
New genres that came from this scene included progressive rock, glam rock and heavy metal.
Progressive rock made the music more artistic.
Glam rock focused on showmanship and what you can see.
Heavy metal which focused on loudness, power and speed.
In the second half of the 1970s, punk rock both intensified and reacted against some of these trends to produce a raw, energetic form of music characterized by overt political and social critiques.
Punk caused other below-genres to come about into the 1980s, including New Wave, post-punk and eventually the alternative rock movement.
From the 1990s, alternative rock began to be the most popular type of rock music.
It broke through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop, and indie rock.
More merging of below-genres have since emerged.
These include pop punk, rap rock, and rap metal, as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's history, including the garage rock/post-punk and synthpop revivals at the beginning of the new millennium.
Rock music has also helped cultural and social movements.
This led to large sub-cultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the "hippie" culture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s.
Similarly, 1970s punk culture made the goth and emo subcultures.
Rock music has the same folk tradition as the protest song.
Rock music has been involved with political activism.
It has also made changes to social attitudes towards race, sex and drug use.
It is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity.
Cream (also called milkfat, milk fat, butterfat, and butter fat) is the fatty part of regular milk.
Skimmed milk (or skim milk) is milk sold with some or nearly all of the fat removed.
Cream is usually used in coffee to make it lighter in taste.
Cream can also be used to make some sauces such as the Americanized Alfredo sauce.
Dairy products made from cream
Things named after cream
Cream (color)
Skin cream (including face cream)
Gravitational time dilation is a physics concept about changes in the passage of time, caused by general relativity.
A clock in outer space moves more quickly than a clock on Earth.
Heavy things like planets create a gravitational field that slows down time nearby.
This means that a clock on a spaceship far away from any planet would move faster  than a clock near Earth.
This is different from time dilation explained by special relativity, which says that fast objects move more slowly through time.
Close satellites like the International Space Station move very quickly to orbit the Earth, so they are slowed down.
Because the ISS is in low Earth orbit (LEO), time dilation due to gravity is not as strong as time dilation due to its speed, so a clock on it is slowed down more than it is sped up.
An object in Geostationary orbit moves less quickly and is farther away from Earth, so gravitational time dilation is stronger, and clocks move more quickly than in LEO.
This means that engineers need to pick different clocks for different orbits.
GPS satellites work because they know about both kinds of time dilation.
Case #1: In special relativity, clocks that are moving run slower, according to a stationary observer's clock.
This effect does not come from workings of the clocks, but from the nature of spacetime.
Case #2: the observers may be in positions with different gravitational masses.
In general relativity, clocks that are near a strong gravitational field run slower than clocks in a weaker gravitational field.
Time dilation due to relative velocity
is the time interval for an observer (e.g. ticks on his clock) – this is known as the proper time,
is the time interval for the person moving with velocity v with respect to the observer,
is the relative velocity between the observer and the moving clock,
is the speed of light.
is the Lorentz factor.
When both clocks are not moving, relative to each other, the two times measured are the same.
This can be proven mathematically by
In a spaceship moving at 99% of the speed of light, a year passes.
How much time will pass on earth?
Substituting into :
In ordinary life today, time dilation had not been a factor, where people move at speeds much less than the speed of light, the speeds are not great enough to produce any detectable time dilation effects.
Such vanishingly small effects can be safely ignored.
It is only when an object approaches speeds on the order of  (10% the speed of light) that time dilation becomes important.
However, there are practical uses of time dilation.
A big example is with keeping the clocks on GPS satellites accurate.
Without accounting for time dilation, the GPS result would be useless, because time runs faster on satellites so far from Earth's gravity.
GPS devices would calculate the wrong position due to the time difference if the space clocks were not set to run slower on Earth to offset the quicker time in high Earth orbit (geostationary orbit).
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States of America.
Because of this, the Court leads the Judicial Branch of the United States Federal Government.
It is the only U.S. court established by the United States Constitution.
Its decisions are supposed to be followed by all other courts in the United States.
The Court meets in its own building in Washington, D.C. However, until 1935, the Supreme Court met in the United States Capitol.
There are 9 justices on the court now: one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices.
The most recent justice, Amy Coney Barrett, replaced Ruth Bader Ginsburg after she died.
Courts are unofficially named for the Chief Justice; the current Court is called the "Roberts Court" after Chief Justice John Roberts.
The Supreme Court chooses which cases it will decide on.
Many people ask the Supreme Court to decide their cases, but the court refuses most of them.
For the Supreme Court to decide a case, the case must be about federal law or be about the laws of more than one state.
Cases must first be decided by a federal District Court and a federal Court of Appeals or by a state supreme court.
Even after that, the Supreme Court can choose not to decide a case for any reason.
There are some cases that can start in the Supreme Court and that the Supreme Court must decide, but those are rare.
The justices serve for life unless they want to retire earlier or are impeached.
If a justice retires, he or she can still be asked to serve as a judge on a federal Court of Appeals.
New justices are nominated (picked) by the President of the United States, and later must be approved by the United States Senate.
In February 2022, President Joe Biden nominated first back woman Ketanji Brown Jackson as judge of supreme court.
The present Court
A fall is, in everyday language and thought, a movement down that happens due to gravity.
An example is when something rolls off a table and falls down to the floor.
Scientific and universal definition
Falling is a motion towards a place where an object will have a lower total potential energy or lower potential.
Total potential energy being the sum of all potential energies -- those from gravitational fields, electric fields, and magnetic fields.
The idea of falling in natural human language(s) as falling down begs the definition of what down really is.
What is down in natural human language(s)?
Down may be straight towards your feet, or if you are on a hill, be off at an angle.
Often an attempt is made to correct this definition by saying down is towards the center of the Earth.
But that definition only works here on Earth.
The idea of falling using common everyday language as being in the direction of down does not work in places in the universe other than Earth.
In space, somewhere between the Earth and it's moon, an object may fall to the earth or fall to the moon.
At other places an object may fall towards the Sun or Jupiter.
At other places in the universe an object may even fall to a point in space between stars and planets.
Falling using common everyday language is also true only due to gravity.
What about an electrically charged object?
A balloon rubbed on your hair and held close to the ceiling will fall up towards the ceiling.
Electrically charged objects do not always fall due to the force of gravity, but due to electric forces.
(Thank goodness or our electronics would not work and life would not even exist.)
As masses fall in gravitational fields, charges or charged objects will fall to a place where they have less total potential energy.
Magnetic objects will fall in a magnetic field to a place where they have less total potential energy.
Falling is a very common cause of people's injuries, possibly the most common cause.
This is especially the case for elderly people, people with various conditions causing a loss of balance, and for people who do sports and other leisure activities requiring significant motion.
During sports and other recreational activities such as bicycling or skateboarding, people are more likely to fall.
Some bicyclists and skateboarders wear protective clothing to protect their body in the event of a fall, such as a helmet, elbow pads, and knee pads.
Autumn is the season after summer and before winter.
In the United States this season is also called fall.
In the Northern Hemisphere, it is often said to begin with the autumnal equinox in September and end with the winter solstice in December.
In the Southern Hemisphere, it runs from the autumnal equinox in March to the winter solstice in June.
In many places in the temperate zone, autumn is a time for harvesting most crops.
Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year) lose their leaves, usually after turning yellow, red, or brown.
In many countries, autumn is the time a new school year starts.
The period of school between the start of September and the end of December is often referred to as the “Fall Semester”, “Fall Quarter”, or “Fall Term”.
When it is autumn in the Northern Hemisphere, it is spring in the Southern Hemisphere.
When it is autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere.
On the Equator, autumn is very much like spring, with little difference in temperature or in weather.
Autumn is a time when most animals are looking for food so they can store up for winter, because they soon will be going into hibernation.
The weather gets colder and more windy.
In Autumn the hours of daylight and the hours of night are the same.
In autumn the weather changes all the time.
The weather turns cooler and often windy and rainy.
Autumn, one of the four seasons of the year
Falling or other downward movement
A waterfall is sometimes called a fall or falls for short
Holocaust denial is the claim that the Holocaust did not happen, or was not as bad as most people think it was.
Historians agree that during World War II, the Nazis did kill millions of people during the Holocaust, including many people in concentration camps.
They agree that there is more proof in writing, pictures, and places about the Holocaust than any other great killing of people.
Holocaust deniers usually call themselves Holocaust revisionists.
They say that the Holocaust is a hoax made up by Jewish people working together.
It is against the criminal law to deny the Holocaust in Israel and in many European countries, especially in Germany.
Some Holocaust deniers, like Ernst Zündel, have been charged with crimes.
What do Holocaust deniers say?
They say the Nazi government was only trying to deport Jews, not to kill them all.
They say there was no official Nazi policy to kill Jews, and that no Nazi leader ever gave an order to kill all of the Jews.
They say the Nazis did not use death camps or gas chambers to kill Jews.
History experts agree that the Nazis killed about 5 million to 6 million Jews during the Holocaust.
Holocaust deniers say that far fewer Jews actually died.
They also claim that many of these victims died of diseases, like typhus, instead of being murdered by the Nazis.
They say that during World War II, the Allies made up fake stories about the Holocaust to make Germans look evil.
Then Jews, working together, spread these fake stories as part of a bigger plan to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Now Jews continue to spread these stories to get sympathy and to get support for the state of Israel.
They say evidence about the Holocaust is fake.
They say there are errors and differences in stories told by Holocaust survivors, and that because of this, these stories cannot be believed.
After being taken prisoner, many Nazis gave confessions about having committed war crimes.
Holocaust deniers say these people said things that were not true because they were tortured.
They say the Allies treated enemy prisoners of war just as badly as the Nazis treated the Jews.
Is Holocaust denial true?
Historians agree that the Holocaust happened.
They also agree that Holocaust deniers use bad research, get things wrong, and sometimes make facts up to support their claims.
Written documents, like laws, newspaper articles, speeches made by Nazi leaders, and confessions from Nazi prisoners of war.
The Nazis kept careful records, and many of these records still exist.
Even in World War 2 many Germans knew about the holocaust, and some tried to help save holocaust victims.
Eyewitness testimony from people who saw what the Nazis did.
This includes Holocaust survivors, like people who survived the Nazi concentration camps, and the word of Jewish Sonderkommandos (concentration camp inmates who helped load bodies from the gas chambers to the crematoria because this gave them a chance to survive).
It also includes the word of Nazi leaders, Nazi concentration camp guards, and Allied soldiers who discovered the camps.
The camps.
Pieces of Nazi concentration camps, death camps, and work camps still exist.
Other evidence, like population statistics.
Anti-Semitism
Willis Carto (American Holocaust denier)
Holocaust Denial on Trial: Using History to Confront Distortions Emory University
Holocaust Denial and Distortion  United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
John Locke (; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704), known as the Father of Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician.
His writings on the theory of social contract influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, and the American revolutionaries.
His ideas are mentioned in the American Declaration of Independence.
Locke's theories were usually about identity and the self.
Locke thought that we are born without thoughts, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience.
Locke's father, who was also named John Locke, was a country lawyer.
He had served as a captain in the early part of the English Civil War.
His mother, Agnes Keene, was a tanner's daughter and was thought to be very beautiful.
Both mother and father were Puritans.
Locke was born on 29 August 1632, in a cottage by the church in Wrington, Somerset, about twelve miles from Bristol.
He was baptized when he was born.
After that, his family soon moved to Pensford.
In 1647, Locke was sent to Westminster School in London.