the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Trump married his first wife, Czech model Ivana Zelníčková, on April 7, 1977, at the Marble Collegiate Church in Manhattan.
They had three children: son Donald Trump Jr. (born December 31, 1977), daughter Ivanka (born October 30, 1981), and son Eric (born January 6, 1984).
Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.
By early 1990, Trump's troubled marriage to Ivana and affair with actress Marla Maples had been reported in the tabloid press.
They were divorced in 1992.
Trump married his second wife, actress Marla Maples in 1993.
They had one daughter together, Tiffany (born October 13, 1993).
The couple were separated in 1997 and later divorced in 1999.
In 1998, Trump began a relationship with Slovene model Melania Knauss, who became his third wife.
They were engaged in April 2004 and were married on January 22, 2005, at Bethesda-by-the-Sea Episcopal Church, in Palm Beach, Florida.
In 2006, Melania became a naturalized United States citizen.
On March 20, 2006, she gave birth to their son, whom they named Barron Trump.
A medical report by his doctor, Harold Bornstein MD, showed that Trump's blood pressure, liver and thyroid function were in normal range.
Trump says that he has never smoked cigarettes or consumed other drugs, including marijuana.
He also does not drink alcohol, a decision after his brother's death caused by alcoholism.
His BMI, according to his December 2016 visit on Doctor Oz, is just under 30, which is "high".
In February 2019, a new medical test found Trump to be clinically obese.
He was later diagnosed with coronary artery disease.
On October 1, 2020, Trump announced on Twitter that he and his wife tested positive for COVID-19.
He was briefly hospitalized at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.
Donald J. Trump for President campaign website
Bio of Trump at the Trump Organization
Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
Profile at Project Vote Smart
Businesspeople from Florida
Politicians from Florida
Real estate developers
Television personalities from New York City
Trump family
Northeast or north east is the direction halfway between north and east.
It is the opposite of southwest.
Mona Ingeborg Sahlin (born Andersson on March 9, 1957 in Sollefteå, Sweden) is a former leader for the Swedish Social Democratic Party, when she replaced Göran Persson after his ten years as leader, she was the first woman to do so.
She was the minister responsible for the handling of the Heart 2 Art Exhibition in Stockholm 2002.
Toblerone Scandal or Sahlin Scandal is the name of a Swedish scandal, in which there in October 1995 came to public attention that the Socialist politician Mona Sahlin during her time as Minister for Employment, 1990-1991, on several occasions used its credit cards for private expenses.
Social democratic homepage
The Swedish Social Democratic Party () was established on 23 April 1889, and is Sweden's biggest political party of social democracy.
The party has been in the lead with a Prime Minister for the longest and most amount of time in Sweden.
Stefan Löfven is the current leader for the party.
The party lost to the Moderate Party in the 2006 elections, but will have a new chance to take over the power again in 2014.
Years in power
Cabinet Branting I, 1920,
Cabinet Branting II, 1921-1923,
Cabinet Branting III, 1924-1925,
Cabinet Sandler, 1925-1926,
Cabinet Hansson I, 1932-1936,
Cabinet Hansson II, 1936-1940,
SamlingsCabinet (Cabinet Hansson III), 1940-1945,
Cabinet Hansson IV, 1945-1946,
Cabinet Erlander I, 1946-1951,
Cabinet Erlander II, 1951-1957 (With Bondeförbundet),
Cabinet Erlander III, 1957-1969,
Cabinet Palme I, 1969-1976,
Cabinet Palme II, 1982-1986,
Cabinet Carlsson I, 1986-1990,
Cabinet Carlsson II, 1990-1991,
Cabinet Carlsson III, 1994-1996,
Cabinet Persson, 1996-2006,
1911 - 28.5%
1914 - 30.1%
1914 - 36.4%
1917 - 39.2%
1920 - 36.1%
1921 - 39.4%
1924 - 41.1%
1928 - 37.0%
1932 - 41.1%
1936 - 45.9%
1940 - 53.8%
1944 - 46.7%
1948 - 46.1%
1952 - 46.1%
1956 - 44.6%
1958 - 46.2%
1960 - 47.8%
1964 - 47.3%
1968 - 50.1%
1970 - 45.3%
1973 - 43.8%
1976 - 42.7%
1979 - 43.2%
1982 - 45.6%
1985 - 44.7%
1988 - 43.2%
1991 - 37.7%
1994 - 45.3%
1998 - 36.4%
2002 - 39.9%
2006 - 35.0%
2010 - 30.7%
Socialdemokraterna
1889 establishments in Europe
1880s establishments in Sweden
Olof Palme (30 January 1927 – 28 February 1986) was a Swedish politician.
He was the leader of the Social Democratic Party from 1969-1986 until his death and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1969-1976 and 1982-1986.
He was shot to death in Stockholm after going to the cinema on 28 February 1986.
The killer has never been identified, and the gun has never been found.
His murder is still a mystery for Swedish police, even though people have been arrested in connection with it.
He was a pacifist and against apartheid, The Vietnam War, and nuclear weapons.
He made efforts to improve welfare and economic, social and cultural rights for workers.
Olofpalme.org Official page of the Olof Palme Archives with various documents.
Selected Speeches by Olof Palme  - Speeches on Africa in English.
Olof Palme's visit to Cuba - Speech by Fidel Castro on the Swedish-Cuban friendship, 1975.
Politicians from Stockholm
Elena Paparizou also known as Helena Paparizou (born 31 January 1982) in Borås, Sweden.
She is a Swedish-Greek singer and model who won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005 for Greece, performing the song My Number One which won the entire contest.
Elena Paparizou website
Greek singers
Swedish singers
Miss World is a international beauty pageant that started in 1951.
It is the oldest surviving major international beauty pageant.
The contest was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley, and run as part of the Mecca Leisure Group.
Since his death in 2000, Morley's wife, Julia Morley, co-chairs the pageant.
The winner spends a year travelling to represent the Miss World Organization and its various causes.
The current Miss World is Toni-Ann Singh of Jamaica who was crowned on December 14, 2019, in London, England, United Kingdom.
She is the fourth Jamaican woman to win Miss World.
Traditionally, Miss World lives in London during her reign.
Recent Winners
Saint Gregory the Illuminator or Saint Gregory the Enlightener (Armenian: Գրիգոր Լուսաւորիչ translit.
Grigor Lusavorich, Greek: Γρηγόριος Φωστήρ or Φωτιστής, Gregorios Phoster or Photistes), the founder and patron saint of the Armenian Apostolic Church, he was born about 257.
New Advent - Gregory the Illuminator
Armenian Church Website
Shad Gregory Moss, better known as Bow Wow or formerly Lil' Bow Wow (born March 9, 1987, Columbus, Ohio) is an African-American rapper, actor, and music producer.
He began his rap career when he was 13.
2000 - Beware of Dog
2003 - Unleashed
2005 - Wanted
2006 - Price of Fame
2007 - Face Off (co-performming: Omarion)
2009 - New Jack City II
Rap musicians from Ohio
Actors from Columbus, Ohio
Musicians from Columbus, Ohio
Singers from Columbus, Ohio
John Milton Cage, Jr. usually known as just John Cage, (September 5, 1912 - August 12, 1992) was an American composer, writer, philosopher, and visual artist.
He was one of the first composers (or musicians) to introduce different styles of music to popular culture.
He made mostly avant-garde music and electronic music, and was very well known for making the piece 4'33", which challenged what music is.
He also wrote music for pianos that had been "prepared" by having screws and nails placed in them.
His life partner from 1943 until his death was choreographer Merce Cunningham (1919-2009).
Cage died of a stroke in New York City.
This piece is in 3 movements (sections), and is special in that all of the movements are silent, the score having the Latin word for silence three times (tacit, tacit, tacit).
Some people think that it is just a joke because of this, as there is nothing to listen to.
It was written in 1952, and is 4 minutes and thirty three seconds long.
Cage got the idea from being in a soundless chamber, but realising that even here there was no true silence because he could hear his heart beating.
John Cage's former record label
John Cage's "Water Walk" video
Musical entertainers from Los Angeles
4′33″ is a musical composition written by avant-garde (non-traditional) musician John Cage.
It is his most famous work.
It consists of no notes, only 4 minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence.
The piece challenges the definition of music.
The only thing the sheet music says is "tacet", or "it is silent".
It was first played by David Tudor in Woodstock, New York.
John Cage's 4'33"
Classical Notes
The F/A-18 Hornet (CF-18, F-18) is a fighter jet that is made by Boeing, and was originally manufactured by the McDonnell-Douglas Company.
It first flew in 1978 and was introduced in 1983.
Its main user is the United States Navy.
It can take off from aircraft carriers because of its special design.
The F/A-18 can attack land and air targets.
Any aircraft which can do this is called "multi-role".
The Hornet is also flown by the Blue Angels.
The United States navy is the biggest user of the hornet.
The hornet is currently only used by the United States Marine Corps, but until 2019 the U.S. Navy also had them.
The Blue Angels are the aerobatic team of the USMC.
They use the F/A-18.
Before the F/A-18 existed, they used the A-4 Skyhawk.
The Royal Australian Air force (RAAF) bought 57 F/A-18A and 18 F/A-18B (the b was used for training) in 1981 to replace the old Mirage III.
The difference between the RAAF hornet and the US hornet is that the RAAF removed the carrier Capabilities, because Australia doesn't have any aircraft carriers big enough to fit the plane.
The hornet can carry a lot of bombs, missiles, rockets and guns.
It can also carry pods, pods give the aircraft more options, the Litening targeting pod,for example, lets the pilot see the ground and guide bombs to the target.
2.75 in (70 mm) Hydra 70 rockets
5 in (127.0 mm) Zuni rockets
Air to Air
Air to Ground
Anti Ship
Simulacrum of Multirole fighter
MiG-35 - Simulacrum of the F/A-18 Hornet
- on TASS Official Infographic
United States Marine Corps aircraft
Australian military aircraft
The F-15 Eagle is a fighter jet that originally made by McDonnell-Douglas (later Boeing).
It is known around the world for its toughness and undefeated record, meaning that it has never been shot down by an enemy plane.
It is used primarily by the United States Air Force, but it is also used in Israel, Japan, Saudi Arabia and South Korea.
It usually carries missiles and an M61 Vulcan gun to shoot down enemy fighter jet planes.
More than a thousand have been made.
In 1981, the F-15 was redesigned to include the ability to carry bombs, allowing the F-15 to do the job of attack aircraft.
This means it can also destroy things on the ground.
This new variant of the aircraft was called the  McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle.
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, were one of the two groups of flowering plants or angiosperms.
The name refers to one of the characteristics of the group, namely that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
There are around 200,000 species in this group.
The other group of flowering plants were called monocotyledons or monocots, with one cotyledon.
From the 1990s onwards, molecular phylogeny showed what botanists already suspected: dicotyledons are not a monophyletic group.
They are a number of lineages, such as the magnoliids.
Groups now known as basal angiosperms diverged earlier than the monocots did.
The traditional dicots are a paraphyletic group.
The largest clade of the dicotyledons are known as the eudicots.
They are definitely monophyletic.
They are distinguished from all other flowering plants by the structure of their pollen.
Other dicotyledons and monocotyledons have an older type of pollen, whereas eudicots have derived pollen.
Compared to monocotyledons
Apart from cotyledon number, there are other differences between monocots and dicots.
These are differences mainly between monocots and eudicots.
Many early-diverging dicot groups have "monocot" characteristics such as scattered vascular bundles, trimerous flowers, and old-type pollen.
Also, some monocots have dicot characteristics such as reticulated leaf veins.
Flowering plants
Sir James Clark Ross (April 15, 1800 – April 3, 1862), was a English naval officer and explorer.
He explored the Arctic with his uncle Sir John Ross and Sir William Parry.
He later led his own journey to Antarctica.
He was born on April 15, 1800 in London, England and died on April 3, 1862 in Aylesbury, England.
Royal Society
As editor-in-chief of the bilingual Turkish-Armenian newspaper Agos (Ակօս), Dink was a prominent member of the Armenian minority in Turkey.
Hrank Dink Foundation
Armenian writers
Turkish journalists
Agos (, "Furrow") established 5 April, 1996 is an Armenian weekly newspaper published in Turkey.
It is published in Istanbul and has a circulation of around 5,000.
It has both Armenian and Turkish pages as well as an on-line English edition.
Hrant Dink was its chief editor from the newspaper's start until his assassination outside of the newspaper's offices in Istanbul in January 2007.
Hrant Dink's son Arat Dink who worked as the executive editor of the weekly was named as a co-defendant in the dispute brought against Hrant Dink for insulting Turkishness.
After Hrant Dink's murder, the editor-in-chief of the weekly became Etyen Mahçupyan and Arat Dink continued to work as the executive editor.
The present editor-in-chief is Rober Koptaş.
Agos official web site, Istanbul
Newspapers published in Turkey
St Kilda Football Club (nicknamed The Saints) is an Australian Rules Football club who play in the Australian Football League.
The club first played in 1873.
Their home ground is the Marvel Stadium in Melbourne.
Their current captain is Jarryn Geary and their current coach is Brett Ratten.
They wear a guernsey that is  red, white and black, in a vertical stripes.
The first mention of a football team in St Kilda was made in 1859.
The current club was started in 1873, based on the South Yarra Football Club which had closed the year before.
The club colours were formed when the red and white of the South Yarra Football Club merged with the black and white of the new St. Kilda Football Club.
The first guernsey worn by the club was red and black striped horizontally, with a white neckerchief.
The club joined the new Victorian Football League in 1897, and lost its first 48 games.
Their home ground was the Junction Oval, in the Melbourne suburb of St. Kilda.
In 1964, the team moved from St Kilda to Moorabbin, where they now train.
The team won their first and only premiership in 1966, beating Collingwood.
In recent years they have been more competitive, playing in the 1997 Grand Final, losing to Adelaide.
Between 2004 and 2011, St. Kilda established a period of dominance, playing in all but the 2007 finals series, and playing in the Preliminary Finals in 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009 and 2010.
In 2009, St. Kilda went the first 19 games of the season without being beaten, only to lose to Geelong in the Grand Final by 12 points.
In 2010 they played in the Grand Final and drew with Collingwood.
A moment etched in the memories of St. Kilda supporters was the moment Stephen Milne opted to let the ball bounce through for a behind in the dying minutes, when he had the opportunity to secure St. Kilda's second premiership with a goal.
They were defeated convincingly in a replay the next week.
They have also placed last on the ladder 26 times since their establishment, the most of any team.
St. Kilda has featured a number of star players, with 10 Brownlow Medalists, including Ian Stewart and Robert Harvey, who won the award twice.
In 1987, Tony Lockett won the Brownlow Medal as well as the Coleman Medal kicking 117 goals.
Colin Watson, 1925
Brian Gleeson, 1957
Neil Roberts, 1958
Verdun Howell, 1959
Ian Stewart, 1965, 1966
Ross Smith, 1967
Tony Lockett, 1987
Robert Harvey, 1997, 1998
Charlie Baker, 1925 (30 goals)
Bill Mohr, 1936 (101 goals)
Bill Young, 1956 (56 goals)
Tony Lockett, 1987 (117 goals), 1991 (118 goals)
Fraser Gehrig, 2004 (90 goals), 2005 (74 goals)
St Kilda Football Club website
Ingvar Carlsson (born 9 November 1934 in Borås, Västra Götaland County (then Älvsborg County), Sweden), is a Swedish politician, former Prime Minister of Sweden (March 1986–October 1991; October 1994–March 1996) and leader of the Social Democratic Party (March 1986–March 1996).
He became Prime Minister in 1986 when Olof Palme was assassinated.
Swedish economists
Shilpa Shetty (Tulu: ಶಿಲ್ಪ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ) (born 8 June 1975) in Mangalore is a four-time Filmfare Award-nominated Indian movie actress and model.
Since making her debut in the movie Baazigar (1993), she has appeared in nearly 50 more movies and made her first lead role in 1994's Aag.
She currently resides at the centre of the Hindi-language movie industry in Mumbai, India.
Her younger sister Shamita Shetty is also a Bollywood movie actress.
Shilpa was announced as the winner of Celebrity Big Brother UK on 28 January 2007 with 63% of the final votes, after an international reported racism controversy involving her and fellow contestants Jade Goody, Jo O'Meara and Danielle Lloyd.
She is also a yoga practitioner, particularly interested in the Ashtanga vinyasa form of yoga and power yoga.
Indian models
In any two-party system of politics, a third party is a party other than the two main ones.
While the term should be used only when discussing the third largest party, it is often used to describe any smaller party.
For example, in the United Kingdom a third party is a national political party other than the Conservative Party and Labour Party that has a presence in the House of Commons.
In the United States, a third party is a political party other than the Democratic Party or Republican Party that has national influence.
Countries using proportional representation have less of a tendency to create a two-party system because successful smaller parties are common.
In fact, coalitions between the smaller parties are normal in such a country.
A party generally needs to have a certain level of success to be called a third party.
Smaller parties that only win a small percentage of the vote and no seats in the legislature are often called minor parties or fringe parties.
Third parties are not usually likely to win the presidency.
Despite this, there are many reasons for third parties to run.
In an election, the two main parties listen to the opinions of third parties.
The larger parties must respond to these opinions, and sometimes the larger parties copy ideas from third parties.
Some third parties also hope that the party can slowly build its support and eventually become one of the dominant parties, as the Labour Party did in Britain.
Liberal Democrats (United Kingdom)
McGaughey, William (2003).
The Independence Party and the Future of Third-Party Politics.
Minneapolis: Thistlerose Publications. .
Personal odyssey of unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Senate in Minnesota's 2000 Independence Party primary.
Paula DeAnda (born 1989 in Corpus Christi, Texas) is an American singer.
She is best known for her 2007 hit songs "Doing Too Much", "Walk Away (Remember Me)" and "Easy".
DeAnda is of Mexican descent.
"Easy" is a song by DeAnda.
It also has a remix with Bow Wow.
This version is used in the PC video game, Bratz Babyz.
People from Corpus Christi, Texas
The form of government known as a republic
Groups wanting to abolish a monarchy, for example, the Australian Republican Movement and the British republican movement (see Republicanism)
A political party such as:
Republican Party (United States) sometimes referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party)
Republican Party (Malawi) part of the Mgwirizano Coalition
The Republicans (Germany)
Republican Party of São Paulo
Fianna Fáil in Ireland–also called the Republican Party
Vanuatu Republican Party
Supporters of Irish Republicanism
Institutions or supporters of particular historical republics, including:
the ancient Roman Republic
the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War
various French Republics, most notably the French First Republic established during the French Revolution
The Republican River of Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas, USA.
Third party is often used in the English language to refer to a person or group that has some connection to a relationship between two parties.
Here, a "party" is a person or group of people who act together.
If two parties share a close relationship, a third party is farther away or more different from them.
It could more directly mean:
Third party (politics), in any two-party system of politics, a third party is a party other than the two dominant ones
Third-party developer, a hardware or software developer not directly tied to the primary product that a consumer is using
Third party (civil litigation), a party brought into a civil legal proceeding by a defendant or by another third party
Third party beneficiary, a person who may have the right to sue on a contract, despite not having originally been a party to the contract; see also, Privity of contract
Third party insurance
en:Third party
Fribourg is one of the twenty-six cantons of Switzerland.
About 250,000 people live in the canton.
Of these, about 100,000 live in the urban area of the capital of this canton: Fribourg City.
The canton of Fribourg is found in the west of Switzerland.
The river Saane (Sarine) flows from the south to the north of the canton.
It borders the cantons of Vaud, Bern and Neuchâtel.
Fribourg (canton), one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland
Fribourg (city), capital city of the canton
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Compass Rose, collection of short stories, 1982 ISBN 0-06-014988-4
"La Rosa de los Vientos", Spanish film written and directed by Patricio Guzmán, 1983
Cardinal directions or cardinal points are the four main directions or points of the compass: north, east, south and west.
These direction are also written in short form as N, E, S and W.
North and south are directed towards the north and south poles of the Earth.
The Earth's rotation defines east and west.
The sun rises in the morning in the east, and sets in the afternoon in the west.
If a needle is magnetised and allowed to move freely (for example floated on water) it will align itself with the Earth's magnetic field which is almost in the same direction as north.
The direction of the needle in this situation is called magnetic north which in some places differs from the direction of the North Pole by a few degrees.
Cardinal directions in world cultures
Through history, different cultures have given different values to each direction.
For example, in old Asian culture, each direction is given a color, as follows:
East: Green or Blue
South: Red
West: White
North: Black
This disambiguation page describes parties whose names are the "Social Democratic Party" or something similar.
For a list of parties considered to follow the principles of social democracy, see List of social democratic parties.
A knight is a piece in the game of chess.
It is represented by a horse's head and neck.
Each player starts the game with two knights.
It moves in an L pattern, two squares in one direction then one square in another.
It is the only piece in chess to be able to jump over other pieces.
It is also the only piece that can be in position to attack a king, queen, bishop, or rook without also being attacked by that piece.
Because of this, the knight plays forks well in a game of chess.
'Knight' is shortened to Kt or N when recording games.
In printed game scores it is represented by a figurine.
The queen in chess is piece which stands next to the King at the start of the game.
It can move any number of unoccupied squares diagonally, vertically, and horizontally.
When recording games it is shortened to Q.
The queen's movement
The queen moves like a bishop and rook both.
Although both players start with one queen each.
A player may promote a pawn to a piece, usually a queen, when the pawn reaches the last line of the opponent team.
History of the queen in chess
The IndoArabic game lasted for nearly a thousand years until the end of the 15th century.
In it, the piece next to the Shah was the Firzān or Visier, who was a counsellor.
This piece had a movement even more limited than the king: it moved just one square at a time, on the diagonal.
Not surprising, then, that when the move changed into its modern form, the Italians called the new game schacci alla rabioso (~furious chess).
Dennis the Menace is the name of two different comic strips, which both debuted in 1951.
One is a British comic strip, that is featured in the UK comic magazine, The Beano.
The other is a daily newspaper comic strip from the United States.
This daily strip was a single panel, but the Sunday strip was longer.
The single panels were sometimes collected into small paperbacks.
Dennis also had a comic book.
In Britain, Dennis is usually drawn as wearing a red and black striped jumper, and spikey black hair.
He is normally with his black dog called Gnasher.
In the United States, Dennis the Menace (Dennis Mitchell)  wore a red and white striped tee-shirt and bib overalls.
He had blond hair and a large cowlick.
His dog was a sheepdog called Ruff.
Dennis'  parents are Henry and Alice.
His neighbors are George and Martha Wilson.
Dennis wants to be helpful but his attempts often end in disaster.
Dennis' friends are Tommy Anderson, Joey McDonald, and Margaret Wade.
In 1959, the comic strip was developed into a CBS television sitcom called Dennis the Menace.
It stars Jay North as Dennis and Joseph Kearns as George Wilson.
The series aired for four years and has been released to DVD.
Year 5 BC was a common year starting on Monday or Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Sulla.
Emperor Guangwu of Han, ruler of China (d. AD 57)
Lucius Vitellius the Elder, Roman consul and Governor of Syria (d. AD 51)
John the Baptist (possible date)
Jesus (possible date)
Altuğ Taner Akçam (born October 23 1953) is a Turkish historian, sociologist and author.
He is one of the first Turkish academics to acknowledge and discuss openly the Armenian Genocide by the Ottoman Turkish government in 1915.
Armeniapedia entry
Turkish Scholar Taner Akçam Lectures on New Book
Turkish historians
Turkish scientists
The International Date Line (IDL), also known as just the Date Line, is an imaginary line on the surface of the Earth, going from north to south in the Pacific Ocean.
The date becomes one day later as one travels across it in western direction, and one day earlier as one travels across it in eastern direction.
The reason for this effect is that the countries on the western side of the International Date Line, (in or outside eastern Asia) have the time zone 10–12 hours more than Greenwich.
And the countries on eastern side of it (Alaska/Hawaii and other areas) have the time zone 9–12 hours less than Greenwich.
So when travelling across the line, one's watch has to be adjusted 20–24 hours, depending on the time zones.
For example, New Zealand is twelve hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time while Hawaii is ten hours behind Greenwich Mean Time.
When travelling from New Zealand to Hawaii the clocks must be switched 22 hours backwards, about one day.
International Date Line follows the meridian of 180° longitude down the middle of the Pacific Ocean for some distance.
So that it does not cross nations, it passes around the far east of Russia and other archipelagos in the Pacific.
In the north the date line turns to the east through the Bering Strait and then west past the Aleutian Islands in order to keep Alaska and Russia on opposite sides of the line.
This is to keep it in agreement with the date of the rest of those countries.
The date line passes equidistantly between the two Diomede Islands—Little Diomede Island (US) and Big Diomede Island (Russia)—at a distance of 1.5 km (1 mi) from each island.
The International Date Line can cause confusion among airline travelers.
The most problematic situation usually occurs with short journeys from west to east.
To travel from Tonga to Samoa by air, for example, takes about two hours but involves crossing the International Date Line, causing passengers to arrive the day before they left.
This often causes confusion in travel schedules, like hotel bookings.
Some examples of time zone adjustments for real air trips are: Alaska-Siberia 21 hours, New Zealand-Cook Islands 22 hours, and Samoa-Tonga 24 hours.
If someone travels around the globe in an airplane from east to west (the same direction as Magellan), they should subtract one hour for every 15° of longitude crossed, losing 24 hours for one circuit of the globe; but 24 hours are added when crossing the International Date Line (from east to west).
The International Date Line must therefore be observed in conjunction with Earth's time zones: the net adjustment to one's watch is zero.
If one crosses the date line at precisely midnight, going westward, one skips an entire day; while going eastward, one repeats the entire day.
For two hours every day, at UTC 10:00–11:59, there are actually three different days observed at the same time.
At UTC time Thursday 10:15, for example, it is Wednesday 23:15 in Samoa, which is eleven hours behind UTC, and it is Friday 00:15 in Kiritimati (separated from Samoa by the IDL), which is fourteen hours ahead of UTC.
For the first hour (UTC 10:00–10:59), this phenomenon affects inhabited territories, whereas during the second hour (UTC 11:00–11:59) it only affects an uninhabited maritime time zone twelve hours behind UTC.
Originally, the date line ran along the 180° meridian.
This is a relatively good choice, because most of the time, there is no land there.
There are however some problems.
Chukchi Peninsula
Looking from the north, one of the first places where the meridian runs over dry land is the Chukchi Peninsula, which is part of Russia.
The whole peninsula has been declared part of the UTC+12.
This means that all of Russia (and with it, all of Asia) is on the same side of the date line.
There are many groups of islands in the Pacific Ocean.
These groups belong to states which do not want some islands on one side of the date line, and the rest on the other.
They have therefore decided to move the date line, so that all islands are in the same time zone.
Examples of this are the Aleutian Islands, which are on both sides of the 180° meridian.
They are part of Alaska, and are therefore all in the UTC-10 timezone.
The date line has a bump to the west, there.
There are a few Islands, east of the 180°, which belong to New Zealand.
It was decided that they should have the same date as New Zealand, so the date line runs east of the meridian there.
Kiribati is a state consisting of many small islands, spread over a huge portion of the Pacific; the meridian runs right through the state.
Because the state needed the same date over all its territory, the date line was shifted east, the biggest shift to occur, in 1995.
The easternmost island of Kiribati was renamed to Millennium Island, because it was the first part of the world which saw the new millennium.
The Philippines had very good trade relations with Mexico.
They therefore decided they wanted the same date, date line to the west of the state.
When the trade with China grew, this was inconvenient.
They changed, after Monday, 30 December 1844, came Wednesday, 1 January 1845.
Difference in religions
Jews and Muslims and Christians regard particular days of the week as holy.
For Muslims this is Friday, Jews (and a few Christian denominations) regard Saturday as the Sabbath, while most Christians observe Sunday as "the Lord's Day" in honour of the resurrection of Jesus on that day.
This works well if the traveller stays on the same side of the date line, but there is a problem when travellers move across it.
For the traveller it might still be Friday, but the place where he is might say that it is Saturday.
A History of the International Date Line
Boredom is an emotional state that comes when a person has nothing to do, and is not interested in anything.
To stop boredom, most people do something to occupy or amuse themselves.
The first known use of the word boredom is in the novel Bleak House by Charles Dickens, written in 1852, but the saying to be a bore had been used to mean "to be tiresome or dull" since 1768.
On the Earth, a circle of latitude is an imaginary east-west circle that connects all locations with a given latitude.
A location's position along a circle of latitude is given by its longitude.
Circles of latitude are often called parallels because they are parallel to each other.
It is measured in absolute location.
The Arctic Circle (66.5°N)
The Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N)
The Equator (0°)
The Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S)
The Antarctic Circle (66.5°S)
J-pop is a popular music in Japan.
J-pop is a short name for Japanese pop, which means popular music or songs in Japan.
Some people calls "歌謡曲" toward older songs.
From around 1940s until recently, J-Pop has been influenced (affected) by Western popular music and culture.
But new J-Pop nowadays sounds different than older J-Pop.
This kind of music is common in Japan and it is often played by young and old music groups.
There are many songwriters and singer-songwriters who have been playing Japanese pops.
Such musicians follows:
Kyohei Tsutsumi (筒美京平) - He is a well-known songwriter for a long period of times.
He is a pianist and also known as Jack Diamond, born on May 28, 1940 in Tokyo.
He made many hits such as "Blue Light Yokohama" (ブルー・ライト・ヨコハマ), "Mata Au Hi Made" (また逢う日まで), "Watashi no Kare wa Hidari-kiki" (わたしの彼は左きき), Sentimental (センチメンタル) and so on.
He was awarded for his works by an official renowned medal "紫綬褒章" from Japanese government in 2003.
Yumi Matsutoya - Yumi Matsutoya, also known as Yuming, Yumi Arai or Karuho Kureta, is considered by many the "mother" of modern-day J-Pop.
She has been one of the most successful Japanese singer-songwriters in the twentieth century in the world of pop music.
Almost half of her albums reached number one at the Japanese Oricon charts, and all of her albums reached top 10 since her first album, Hikōki-gumo in 1973.
She has sold over 37,800,000 copies of albums and singles. "
NO SIDE" was made from Rugby game "Ooita Maiduru vs Tennri high school".
The term 'j-pop' was coined in the 1990s.
Numbers and symbols
Ara Darzi (born 7 May 1960) is a British doctor.
He was appointed head of Minister of Healthcare of Great Britain.
Ara Darzi was born in Iraq in a family with Armenian descent, which escaped the Genocide of 1915.
But most of his life was lived in Ireland.
Iraqi people
Puffy AmiYumi was the one of the more popular J-pop groups of the 1990s.
The band has two members, Ami Onuki and Yumi Yoshimura.
It was first formed in 1996.
They had some success when they went to the United States to record and perform.
They had a short-lived (April 22, 2003 – June 27, 2006) (118 episodes) cartoon television series on Cartoon Network called Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi.
It can still be seen occasionally on the Japanese version of Cartoon Network.
is a Japanese singer, model, and actress.
She's 160 cm tall and her weight is 39 kg.
Japanese movie actors
People from Kagoshima Prefecture
For other meanings of Yui, see Yui.
YUI, is a Japanese musician.
She was born 26 March 1987 in Fukuoka, Japan.
She is signed to Sony Music Records Japan.
She sings, and plays the guitar, keyboard and electric guitar, although she usually performs with only an acoustic guitar.
She started in a Japanese movie released on 17 June 2006 titled 'Taiyō no Uta' (A Song to the Sun).
She is popular with young girls,but she decided to stop her music activity as YUI in 2012.
It means she carry on her music work but not YUI.
Before debut
She dropped out high school because she want to live with music.
Then she started taking music lesson at ongakujyuku.
It is famous music private night-school.
She practiced playing the guitar and making songs.
She participated in music contest and got first prize.
By that winning, she can get right to major debut.
She made a debut with "feel my soul".
This is her first major song.
Afterthat she made many hit songs.
Especially,her fifth single goodbye days was hit.
And she appeared in "taiyou no uta" that is the movie her song was used.
From Me To You (2006)
Can't Buy My Love(2007)
I Loved Yesterday (2008)
My Short Stories(2008)
Holidays In The Sun(2010)
How Crazy Your Love(2011)
She Loves You(2012)
Green Garden Pop(2012)
Orange Garden Pop(2012)
Zard was a J-pop music group.
Zard's member was Izumi Sakai.
Her true name is Sachiko Kamachi.
She was a vocalist.
Zard's other member changed many times.
Zard's music did not often appear on television.
The group had many famous songs, for example "Makenaide".
Izumi Sakai was born in Fukuoka on February 6, 1967.
She fought illness in Keiougijyuku University hospital.
She had cervical cancer.
Izumi Sakai died on May 27, 2007.
When she died, she was 40 years old.
Wyolica is a two-person band from Japan.
The members are Azumi (vocals) and So-to (guitar).
The group is not well known outside of Japan.
Their sound is very similar of many American pop acts but sung in Japanese.
Their first album, "Who Said La La?"
was released in 2000.
Since then they have released a number of albums and singles, including a six-song EP of acoustic songs.
Crystal Kay Williams (born 26 February 1986 in Yokohama, Japan) is a J-Pop singer.
She is also known as "Kuri" by her fans.
She is well known for her songs "Koi ni Ochitara" and "Boyfriend -part II-".
She has released ten Japanese studio albums.
In 2003 she released an English album called Natural: World Premiere Album.
She started singing on television commercials when she was four years old.
When she was twelve she was signed to Epic Records.
Kay's first album C.L.L Crystal Lover Light was released on March 23, 2000 when Kay was fourteen.
2000: C.L.L Crystal Lover Light
2001: 637 -Always and Forever-
2002: Almost Seventeen
2003: 4 Real
2005: Crystal Style
2006: Call me Miss...
2007: All Yours
2008: Color Change!
2010: Spin the Music
2012: Vivid
Musicians from Yokohama
SPEED is a Japanese music group.
The group is made up of four female singers.
They are from Okinawa, Japan.
The members are Hiroko Shimabukuro, Eriko Imai, Takako Uehara and Hitoe Arakaki.
Hiroko and Eriko are lead vocal singers.
When they debuted, Hiroko was 12 years old.
They made their debut single “Body & Soul” in 1996.
They have many songs which sold million records.
They broke up in March 31, 2000.
From 2000 to 2008, they have broken up and came back together several times.
They made their latest come back in 2008.
Hiroko Shimabukuro (島袋寛子 born April 7, 1984)
Eriko Imai (今井絵理子 born September 22, 1983)
Takako Uehara (上原多香子 born January 14, 1983)
Hitoe Arakaki (新垣仁絵 born April 7, 1981)
Body & soul (1996)
STEADY (1996)
Heaven (1997)
Wake Me Up! (
White Love (1997)
my graduation (1998)
ALIVE (1998)
ALL MY TRUE LOVE (1998)
Precious Time (1999)
Breakin’ out to the morning (1999)
Long Way Home (1999)
One More Dream (2001)
Be My Love (2003)
Walking in the rain/Stars to shine again (2003)
あしたの空 (2008)
S.P.D (2009)
Starting Over (1997)
RISE (1998)
MOMENT (1998)
Carry On my way (1999)
SPEED THE MAMORIAL BEST 1335days Dear * Friends 1 (2000)
SPEED THE MAMORIAL BEST 1335days Dear * Friends 2 (2000)
BRIDGE (2003)
http://www.avexnet.or.jp/speed/index.html
http://avexnet.or.jp/hiro/index.html
http://www.avexnet.or.jp/eriko/index.htm
http://www.avexnet.or.jp/uehara/index.html
''http://www.avexnet.or.jp/hitoe/index.htm
People from Okinawa Prefecture
Glay is a Japanese rock band.
There are 4 men in the band.
The member's names are Takuro (guitar & piano), Teru (vocals), Hisashi (guitar), and Jiro (bass).
They are one of the most popular rock bands in Japan.
They are from Hakodate in Hokkaido.
"HOWEVER" is their most famous song.
This song made them famous.
Many of their CDs and albums have sold millions of copies .
Speed Pop (1995)
Beat Out! (
Beloved (1996)
Pure Soul (1998)
Heavy Gauge (1999)
One Love (2001)
Unity Roots and Family, Away (2002)
The Frustrated (2004)
Love Is Beautiful (2007)
Glay (2010)
Justice (2013)
Guilty (2013)
Aiko (born November 22, 1975) is a Japanese singer and guitar player.
She has a high popularity among young people.
Her most famous song is "Kabutomushi".
Aiko has won several Japan Gold Disc Awards.
Aiko debuted in 1998.
She sings songs about love and girls' feelings.
Her famous songs are "Hanabi", "Boyfriend", "Kabutomushi", "Kirakira", and so on. "
milk/Nageki no Kisu", her mukaiawase　double A-side single, was her first single to hit #1 on Oricon since her debut..She do many concerts at everywhere in Japan.
Ringo Shiina (born November 25, 1978) is a Japanese singer and guitarist.
She is a member of Tokyo Jihen.
Shiina is from Fukuoka.
Released the fourth single Honno(instinct).
This single has become a million seller
GO!GO!7188 was a band from Japan with three members.
One plays guitar, one plays drums, and one plays bass.
The main vocalist is a woman.
One of their famous songs is "Koinouta".
GO!GO!7188 formed in 1998 by YUU (singer/guitarist) and AKKO (singer/bassist); high school classmates in Kagoshima prefecture.
In 1999, they headed to Tokyo where they meet drummer TURKEY.
Yu (Yumi Nakashima)
Akko (Akiko Noma)
Tacky (Takayuki Hosokawa)
Polish unofficial site
Porno Graffitti is a Japanese J-Pop band.
The members of the band are Akihito Okano (vocals) and Haruichi Shindo (guitar).
The band is from Innoshima in Hiroshima.
The band first started playing in 1999 with three members.
The third member, Tama, left the band in 2004.
The band has become one of the duos leading the music in Japan.
People from Hiroshima Prefecture
Yuki Isoya (born February 17, 1972) is a Japanese singer.
Isoya debuted as a singer of the group Judy and Mary in 1993.
Judy and Mary broke up in 1999.
She began her solo singing career in February, 2002.
Isoya has released four albums.
People from Hokkaido
Mr. Children, usually called , is a Japanese rock band made in 1988.
They belong to Oorong-sha ().
Their record company is Toy's Factory.
Kazutoshi Sakurai (; Vo&G)
Kenichi Tahara (; G)
Keisuke Nakagawa (; B)
Hideya Suzuki (; Dr)
Supporting members
Takeshi Kobayasi (Keyboard)
Naoto Inti Raymi (G&chorus)
Sunny (; Keyboard & chorus)
Fan Club
The official fan club of Mr. Children is called Father & Mother.
The fan club was started in 1994.
The fan club can only be joined by mail and requires an admission fee of 3.500 yen, with yearly re-applications for membership.
And there are concert ticket only for the members.
Everything (1992)
Kind of Love (1992)
Versus (1993)
Atomic Heart (1994)
Bolero (1997)
Discovery (1999)
Q (2000)
It's a Wonderful World (2002)
Shifuku no Oto () (2004)
I Love U (I♥U) (2005)
Home (2007)
Supermarket Fantasy (2008)
SENCE (2010)
Mr.Children 2001-2005 <micro> (2012)
Mr.Children 2005-2010 <macro> (2012)
［(an imitation) blood orange］ (2012)
Mr. Children 1992-1995 (2001)
Mr. Children 1996-2000 (2001)
B-side (2007)
1/42 (1999)
"Replay"
"CROSS ROAD"
"innocent world"
"Tomorrow Never Knows"
"【es】 ~Theme of es~"
"Everything (It's You)"
"I'LL BE"
"NOT FOUND"
"youthful days"
"HERO"
"Sign"
"GIFT"
"HANABI"
Mr. Children at Toy's Factory
is a Japanese punk band.
The vocalist also sang in the folk-rock band 19.
Their most popular song is "Ichigo Ichi".
They're now called 3B Lab.☆S. Tamakoshi Masahiro left this group in 2009.
Ellegarden is a Japanese band formed in 1998 by four young men.
Their activity pauses now.
Def Tech is a Japanese group.
The band has three members: Shen, Micro and Playa T. They have sold more than 2.8 million copies of their albums Def Tech and Lokahi Lani.
The band took a break in September 2007 and have since reunited as of June 2010.
Ai Otsuka (born September 9, 1982) is a Japanese pop female singer-songwriter and pianist from Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan.
Her music is famous because it varies a lot in style but is mainly happy pop.
Her first single was called Momo No Hanbira, but it was not until her second single, which was called Sakuranbo, that people really noticed her music.
Ayaka is married to Hiro Mizushima.
Her favorite singer is the Beatles, DREAMS COME TRUE, Mr.Children and so on.
She started musical activities when she was 1st high school student.
She released "I believe" and she made her debut in 2006.
She sufferd from Basedow's disease and she stopped musical activity in 2009 in order to concentrate on getting well.
But she started activities again in 2011 and announced that she made her own record company.
I believe (2006)
melody〜SOUNDS REAL〜 (2006)
Real voice (2006)
Jewelry day (2007)
CLAP&LOVE/Why (2007)
First Message (2006)
Sing to the Sky (2008)
The beginning (2012)
ayaka's History 2006-2009 (2009)
ayaka's BEST -Ballad Collection- (2012)
Sakamoto's song "Sukiyaki" became the first Japanese song in the United States to sell a million copies and reached No.1 on a popular chart on June 15, 1963.
Its original (Japanese) title is "上を向いて歩こう" which means "I look up as I walk".
He died on August 12, 1985 by an airplane accident during a flight on Japan Airlines Flight 123) aboard from Kanagawa in Japan.
His hit songs
何もいらない俺だけど (1959)
悲しき六十才 (1960)
ステキなタイミング (Good Timi`n) (1960)
月夜に歩けば (Walkin' in The Moonlight) (1961)
カレンダーガール (Calendar Girl) (1961)
見上げてごらん夜の星を (1963)
上を向いて歩こう (Sukiyaki) (1963)
幸せなら手をたたこう (1964)
涙くんさよなら (1965)
Kyu Sakamoto Official Web Site
Sukiyaki (上を向いて歩こう) with English translation and lyrics at YouTube
is a Japanese rock band from Okinawa signed to Sony Music.
They are a group of 5, and they were all born in the mid-80s.
On March, 2001, the present members were composed of the classmates from the preschool and YOH’s younger brother, RYO.
When they were indies, they did lots of their concerts on the street, and the audience was surely increased.
On July 4, 2003, they debuted and became major by their 1st single, “Kirikirimai”.
Their 2nd single, “Shanghai Honey” was appreciated by the mass media and became a hit.
On February 25,2004, they released their 5th single, “Michishirube～a road home～” came in 1st place in the Japanese single charts for the first time in themselves, and since then, their singe continued to come in 1st place to their 13th single, “Champione”.
Naoto Hiroyama - guitar (born May 8, 1983)
Also, a member of other bands, including "Soy-sauce" and "Pechuniarokkusu".
He writes more than half of all Orange Range songs.
Ryo Miyamori - low vocals (bass) (born October 1, 1985)
Before joining the group Orange Range, he was a member of another band, "Ruse".
He and Yoh are brothers.
Yamato Ganeko - high vocals (alto) (born January 14, 1984)
Yoh Miyamori - bass (born December 11, 1983)
Hiroki Hokama - mid-range vocals (born June 29, 1983)
Orange Range's official website (in Japanese)
Okinawan Music web radio (Brazil)  (in Portuguese)
Bump of Chicken is a Japanese rock music group.
The members are four men.
All members in this group were born in 1979.
The vocalist of the group is Fujiwara Motoo.
The bassist of the group is Naoi Yoshifumi.
The guitarist of the group is Masukawa Hiroaki.
The drummer of the group is Masu Hideo.
They have been friends since they started school at a young age.
The voice of Fujiwara Motoo and the words of their music, which he writes, are popular.
They released the debut album “FLAME VEIN” in 1999.
Motoo Fujiwara (Vocal&Guitar)
Hiroaki Masukawa (Guitar)
Yoshifumi Naoi (Base)
Hideo Masu (Drums)
1999: LAMP
2000: Daiamond
Bump of Chicken Official Website
is a Japanese pop singer from the city Kyoto who started in the year 2000 with the album  Take Back.
Her most well known song is Butterfly, and this song made her well known.
She got Japanese record grand prix, an award.
Her new album Kingdom was released on January 30, 2008, and her new single was released on January 23, 2008.
Her young sister is misono who is J-pop singer.
Musicians from Kyoto Prefecture
Zeebra ( , born April 2, 1971 in Tokyo, Japan) is a famous Japanese hip hop artist, who is known as the first rapper in Japan.
He made his first appearance in 1995.
Zeebra was a member of the hip-hop group King Giddra, which also included DJ Oasis and K Dub Shine.
He became a solo artist in 1997.
Because he has been in many TV commercials, started hip-hop television programs, and produced songs for upcoming rappers, Zeebra could be called the father of the Japanese rap scene.
The group is made up of a woman and a man.
The vocalist is Miwa Yoshida and the bassist is Masato Namamura.
They made their debut in 1988.
The group tends to use humorous and ambiguous language in their songs.
Jazz bands
Every Little Thing is a Japanese rock band.