the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
At that time, Gunningham lived with Jamie Eastman, who worked for a record label that used illustrations by Banksy.
In May 2009, the Mail on Sunday once again speculated about Gunningham being Banksy.
This "new Banksy rat" story was also picked up by The Times, and the Evening Standard.
Simon Hattenstone from The Guardian is one of the very few people to have interviewed him face to face.
Hattenstone describes him as "a cross of Jimmy Nail and British rapper Mike Skinner" and "a 28-year old male who showed up wearing jeans and a t-shirt with a silver tooth, silver chain, and one silver earring."
In the same interview, Banksy claimed that his parents think he is a painter and decorator.
Banksy art
Rodney Mullen (born August 17 1966 in Gainesville, Florida) is a professional freestyle skateboarder, and considered to be one of the most influential skaters in the history of the sport.
He is credited with inventing many tricks, including the flat-ground Ollie (originally called the 'ollie pop'), the kickflip (originally called "magic flips"), the Heelflip, the 360 flip, and the Ollie Impossible (more often called the Impossible).
Tricks he invented
Mullen has invented many tricks.
Frontside & backside 180 kickflips
50-50 saran wrap
Varial heelflip
50-50 sidewinders
360 Flip
360 pressure flip
540 double kickflip
540 Shove-it
Casper 360 flip
Casper slides
Darkslides (Adapted from Mark Gonzales' idea)
Double heelflips
Flat-ground ollie
Godzilla rail flip
Heelflip
Helipops (360 Nollie)
Half-cab kickflip underflip
Half-cab impossible
Helipop heelflips
Handstand flip
Kickflip underflip
No Handed 50-50
Ollie Kickflip
Ollie Impossible
Ollie nosebone
Ollie fingerflip
One footed ollie
Movie appearance
Rodney Mullen did many of the skateboarding stunts for Christian Slater in the 1989 skateboarding movie Gleaming the Cube.
He can be seen performing in order to look like Slater.
At the end credits he can be seen from an overhead view riding his skateboard with the camera zooming in on his foot work.
Mullen has appeared in many video games related to the Tony Hawk Pro Skater (THPS) console games.
THPS 1,2,3 and 4
Tony Hawk's Underground, Tony Hawk's Underground 2, Tony Hawk's Underground 2 Remix
Tony Hawk’s American Sk8land
Anthony Frank Hawk (born May 12, 1968) is an American retired professional skateboarder and actor.
He is credited with being the first recorded skater to land the 900, which consists of two-and-a-half rotations (900°) in the air before landing back on the pipe during the televised June 27, 1999 X Games, for which he received an enormous amount of attention.
He is also known for his Tony Hawk's video game series.
Skateboarders
Santa Maria is a municipality (town) in the province of Bulacan, Philippines.
It lies 32 kilometers northeast of Manila and is located at the eastern portion of the province.
It is surrounded by the towns of Angat and Pandi in the north; by San Jose del Monte City in the south; by Norzagaray in the east; and by Marilao and Bocaue in the west.
It is divided into 24 barangays (villages).
These barangays are:
Bagbaguin
Balasing
Bulac
Camangyanan
Catmon
Caypombo
Caysio
Guyong
Lalakhan
Mag-asawang Sapa
Mahabang Parang
Manggahan
Poblacion (Santa Maria town proper)
Pulong Buhangin
San Gabriel
San Jose Patag
Silangan
Tabing Bakod (Santo Tomas)
Tumana
Santa Maria, My Kind of Town
Official Website of the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan
Santa Maria Map | Philippines Google Satellite Maps
NSCB - ActiveStats - PSGC Interactive - Municipality: SANTA MARIA
Settlements in the Philippines
1647 establishments
Establishments in the Philippines
Winton Malcolm "Red" Blount, Jr. (February 1, 1921 – October 24, 2002) was the United States Postmaster General from 1969 to 1972.
He is also known as the founder and Chief Executive Officer of construction giant Blount International.
These positions involve a penis going into a vagina, or the anus.
On top with front entry
These positions are used for vaginal, or anal sex.
The basic position is called the missionary position.
In it, the receiving partner lies on their back with legs apart.
The penetrating partner lies on top of the receiving partner, facing them.
The penetrating partner enters so that the base of the penis rubs the clitoris.
The receiving partner is kneeling or on all four limbs.
The penetrating partner inserts their penis from behind.
This position is sometimes called as the doggy style position.
The receiving partner is on their hands and knees with their bottom exposed.
The penetrating partner then pumps away at the receiving partner's vagina or anus with his penis.
Sitting and kneeling
The penetrating partner sits down, with their legs stretched out.
The receiving partner sits on top and wraps their legs around the penetrating partner.
This is called pounding on the spot.
In the basic standing position, both partners stand facing each other and have vaginal sex.
The shorter partner can stand on a stair if the partners are different heights.
It may be easier if the person being penetrated has their back to a wall.
This position is good for thrusting.
On top with front entry.
The penetrating partner is between the receiving partner's legs.
This position is good for beginners, because it allows them to relax.
Outercourse
Dry humping – similar to sex, but with clothes on.
Handjob – Rubbing a partner's penis.
Footjob – using the feet to rub the penis.
Mammary intercourse – using the breasts to rub the penis.
Armpit Sex - placing the penis on the axilla.
Genital-genital sex
Oral sex is the term given to genital stimulation by the mouth.
People may engage in oral sex as part of foreplay before intercourse, or during, or following intercourse.
It may also be performed for its own sake.
Fellatio is a kind of oral sex that involves a person letting their penis be licked, or "eaten" by their partner.
The person's partner can be any gender, or sex.
There are several ways to have oral sex.
The person with male genitalia lies on their back while their partner kneels between their legs.
The person with male genitalia lies on their back while their partner lies off to the side of their legs.
The person with male genitalia sits in a chair and their partner kneels in front of them between their legs.
The person with male genitalia stands while their partner either kneels in front of them or sits (in a chair or on the edge of a bed, etc.)
and bends forward.
The person with male genitalia's partner lies on their back with their mouth open and the person with male genitalia lies so that their penis is in their partner's mouth.
Note: Fellatio doesn't have to involve two people.
Some people with male genitalia have a long-enough penis and a good enough stretch to lick or put their own penis into their mouth.
However, this is called autofellatio or autofellation.
Cunnilingus is oral sex involving a person's female genitals.
One partner lies on their back as in the missionary position.
The active partner lies on their front between the first partner's legs.
The active partner sits.
The other partner stands facing away and bends at the hips.
The other partner stands or squats facing towards partner.
The partner sits on the bed with their legs open, the active partner kneels in front of them.
The active partner lies on their back while the other sits on the active partner's mouth.
Main article: 69 (sex position)
Oral sex between two people at the same time is called 69.
Partners can be lying side-by-side, lying one on top of the other, or standing with one partner holding the other upside down.
One partner is on all fours.
The active partner is behind them.
A partner is on their back with their legs up.
Group sex
More than one person with male genitalia
When three people have sex with each other, it is called a threesome.
You can have:
One person giving oral sex to either of the other two partners while they engage in intercourse.
A person with male genitalia has vaginal or anal sex with one partner, while themselves being anally penetrated by another.
A participant has vaginal or anal sex with one partner, and both have oral sex with a third.
Multiple penetration
Multiple penetration, or double penetration means someone is  in more than one place.
Types of double penetration are:
Two penises in the anus.
This is called double anal
Two penises in the vagina.
This is called double vagina
One penis in the vagina and the other in the anus.
This is called DP or double penetration Simultaneous penetration of the mouth and either the vagina, or anus.
If the penetrating objects are penises, this is sometimes called the spit roast.
With many people
A group of people with male genitalia masturbating is called a circle jerk.
A group of people with male genitalia ejaculating on one person's face is called bukkake.
A group of at least two people, two or more of which are people with female genitalia, each having oral sex, is called a daisy chain.'''
Sensualinteractive.com presents - A list of sexual positions
sexinfo101.com - All sex positions
Richard Bache (1737–1811) worked for the Postal Service under Benjamin Franklin  from 1775–1776, and was Franklin's successor as Postmaster General, serving from 1776–1782 during the Revolutionary War.
He also served on the Board of War.
He was born in Yorkshire, England and married the only daughter of Franklin in 1767, after immigrating to New York City in 1765.
His wife, Sarah Franklin Bache (1743-1808), was widely known for patriotism and benevolent activities.
Their son, Richard Bache Jr., served in the Republic of Texas Navy and was elected as a Representative to the Second Texas Legislature in 1847.
Another son was Benjamin Franklin Bache (1769-1798).
Leslie Mark Hughes (born November 1, 1963) is a Welsh football manager and former player.
He is currently the manager of Queens Park Rangers.
Hughes played for Manchester United, Chelsea, and Barcelona during the 1980s and 1990s.
Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin (January 29, 1761 – August 12, 1849) was a Swiss-American ethnologist, linguist, politician, diplomat, Congressman, and the longest-serving United States Secretary of the Treasury.
He was also a founder of New York University.
The Gallatin School of Individualized Study at New York University honors his founding.
Gallatin's portrait was on the front of the $500 United States Note issued in 1862–63.
Gallatin's portrait was on the standard 1¼¢ stamp from 1967–73.
Friendship Hill National Historic Site, a 661-acre estate which includes the beautifully restored home of Albert Gallatin, is run by the National Park Service and is located within the boundaries of the Albert Gallatin School District in Fayette County, PA.
The United States Department of the Treasury's highest career service award is named the Albert Gallatin Award in his honor.
USCGC Gallatin (WHEC-721), a , high-endurance Coast Guard cutter homeported in Charleston, S.C., is named for him.
Placenames
Gallatin County, Montana.
Gallatin River (Montana)
Gallatin Mountain Range (Montana)
Albert Gallatin Area School District, Pennsylvania
Gallatin Street in Washington, D.C.
Gallatin Street in Pico Rivera, CA
Gallatin Street in Downey, CA
Gallatin Hall at Harvard Business School in Boston, Massachusetts.
Gallatin Hall at Robert Morris University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Henry Dearborn (February 23, 1751 – June 6, 1829) was an American physician, and statesman.
He was a veteran of both the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812.
He represented this district as a Democratic-Republican in the Third and Fourth Congresses (1793-1797).
In 1801, President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Secretary of War, a post he held for eight years until March 7, 1809.
In 1803, Lewis and Clark named the Dearborn River in west-central Montana after Dearborn.
Dearborn County, Indiana, Dearborn, Michigan and Dearborn, Missouri were also named for him, as was Fort Dearborn in Chicago, Illinois.
Robert Smith (November 3, 1757 – November 26, 1842) was the second United States Secretary of the Navy from 1801 to 1809 and the sixth United States Secretary of State from 1809 to 1811.
Caesar Augustus Rodney (January 4, 1772 – June 10, 1824) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware.
He was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as well as a U.S. Representative from Delaware, U.S. Senator from Delaware, U.S. Attorney General, and U.S. Minister to Argentina.
He was the nephew of Caesar Rodney, the signer of the Declaration of Independence who is pictured on the Delaware state quarter.
United States representatives from Delaware
Derrick Pierce (born March 1, 1974) is an American porn actor.
He began his career  in 2005.
Pierce was born in Massachusetts.
He moved to California at a young age.
He grew up in the Sylmar area of the San Fernando Valley.
As of 2008, Pierce has appeared in over 100 movies, including "Chemistry 3" which is a unique reality show type of production,  and "Upload", an adult sci-fi thriller.
He has worked for just about every company that makes adult movies.
Christopher John "Topher" Grace (born July 12, 1978) is an American actor.
He is best known for playing the main character, Eric Forman, on the long-running Fox sitcom That '70s Show.
Grace also played the villain Eddie Brock, Jr. in the movie ''Spider-Man 3.
Mirepoix () is the French name for a condiment used for cooking.
Mirepoix consists of onions, carrots and celery (either common Pascal celery or celeriac).
Mirepoix is used in many dishes, such as stocks, soups, stews and sauces.
It is used either raw, roasted or sautéed with butter.
Mirepoix is known as the holy trinity of French cooking.
These three ingredients are commonly referred to as aromatics.
Similar such combinations, both in and out of the French culinary repertoire, sometimes include leeks, parsnips, garlic, tomatoes, shallots, mushrooms, bell peppers, chilies, and ginger.
For the combination mirepoix au gras, or a Matignon, ham or pork belly are used as additional ingredients.
In Cajun cuisine, a mirepoix or trinity is a combination of onions, celery and bell peppers.
Traditionally, the ratio for mirepoix is 2:1:1 of onions, celery, and carrots.
The ratio for bones to mirepoix for stock is 10:1.
When making a white stock, or fond blanc, parsnips are used instead of carrots to maintain the pale color.
Mirepoix derives its name, as many other elements of French cuisine do, from the patron of the chef who established it, in this case one of the house of Lévis, seigneurs of Mirepoix since the eleventh century and a famous name in Languedoc.
The particular member of the house of Lévis whose chef is credited by the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française with giving a name to an old technique is Charles-Pierre-Gaston François de Lévis, duc de Lévis-Mirepoix (1699-1757), maréchal de France and ambassador of Louis XV.
Recipe for Mirepoix
Béchamel sauce ( in English,  in French,  in Italian), also known as white sauce, is a basic mother sauce.
It can be used to make other sauces, such as Mornay sauce, which is Béchamel and cheese.
This basic sauce is usually made today by whisking scalded milk gradually into a white flour-butter roux (equal part clarified butter and flour), though it can also be made by whisking a kneaded flour-butter beurre manié into scalded milk.
The thickness of the final sauce depends on the proportions of milk and flour.
Escoffier adds salt and an onion stuck with a clove.
Mother sauces
is an American adult animated sitcom.
It is produced by Underdog Productions and Fuzzy Door Productions for 20th Television.
The series was first made by Seth MacFarlane, the creator of Family Guy, as well as two  former Family Guy writers, Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman.
The first episode aired in the United States on Fox on February 6, 2005, thirty minutes after the end of Super Bowl XXXIX.
The regular series began May 1, 2005, after the season premiere of Family Guy.
The series follows the events of CIA agent Stan Smith and his family.
Stan Smith is a CIA agent who is very patriotic, as well as being part of the Christian right.
Stan tries to be in charge of the family, but often the things he does don't work out.
Stan has a wife, Francine, and two kids, Hayley and Steve.
Hayley (Haylee) is in college and is much more liberal than her father.
Steve is in high school and is always dreaming about girls.
Rounding out the family is Klaus, a talking fish with a German athlete's brain; and Roger Smith the Alien.
The show moved to TBS in 2014.
Seth MacFarlane as Stan Smith, Roger Smith, Additional Voices
Wendy Schaal as Francine Smith
Rachael MacFarlane as Hayley Smith, Additional Voices
Scott Grimes as Steve Smith
Dee Bradley Baker as Klaus, Additional Voices
Kevin Michael Richardson as Principal Luis Brown, Additional Voices
Patrick Stewart as Avery Bullock
Jeff Fischer as Jeff Fischer
Mirepoix (Ariège) is a town in Ariège departement in France built as a bastide
Mirepoix (Gers) is a village in Gers departement
Mirepoix (cuisine) is an ingredient of many sauces of French cuisine
Mirepoix  is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
Landon Donovan (born 4 March 1982) is a former American soccer player.
He played for the Los Angeles Galaxy and United States national team, and was the captain for both of them.
|2001||rowspan="4"|San Jose Earthquakes||rowspan="4"|Major League Soccer||22||7
|2002||20||7
|2003||22||12
|2004/05||Bayer Leverkusen||Bundesliga||7||0
|2005||rowspan="4"|Los Angeles Galaxy||rowspan="4"|Major League Soccer||22||12
|2006||24||13
|2007||25||8
|2008||25||20
|2008/09||Bayern Munich||Bundesliga||6||0
|2009||Los Angeles Galaxy||Major League Soccer||25||12
|2009/10||Everton||Premier League||10||2
|2010||Los Angeles Galaxy||Major League Soccer||||
|2002||20||6
|2003||15||7
|2004||14||5
|2005||15||6
|2007||12||9
|2009||15||5
|2010||8||3
|2012||6||3
|2013||10||8
Total||157||57
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) (also known as cilantro, Chinese parsley, or dhania) is a herb from the Apiaceae family.
Coriander is originally from the southwestern Asia across to north Africa.
In the Sri Lankan Sinhalese language, it is called koththamuhlli.
It is believed to have medicinal qualities, and is brewed and drunk to cure the common cold and fever.
Brad Friedel (born May 18, 1971) is an American soccer player.
He has played for United States national team.
|1994/95||Brøndby||Superliga||10||0||||||||||||||10||0
|1995/96||Galatasaray||Süper Lig||30||0||7||0||||||||||37||0
|1996||rowspan="2"|Columbus Crew||rowspan="2"|Major League Soccer||9||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|1997||29||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Liverpool||rowspan="3"|Premier League||11||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|1998/99||12||0||0||0||2||0||2||0||16||0
|1999/00||2||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|2000/01||rowspan="8"|Blackburn Rovers||First Division||27||0||6||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|2001/02||rowspan="7"|Premier League||36||0||3||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||45||0
|2002/03||37||0||3||0||3||0||4||0||47||0
|2003/04||36||1||1||0||1||0||2||0||40||1
|2004/05||38||0||7||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||45||0
|2005/06||38||0||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||46||0
|2006/07||38||0||6||0||1||0||8||0||53||0
|2007/08||38||0||1||0||3||0||5||0||47||0
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||38||0||3||0||0||0||5||0||46||0
|1994||10||0
Total||82||0
People from Lakewood, Ohio
Nílton Santos (16 May 1925 – 27 November 2013) was a Brazilian football player.
Considered as one of the best defenders of all time.
|1952||5||0
|1953||6||1
|1954||7||0
|1956||11||0
|1957||8||0
|1958||8||1
|1960||8||0
|1961||3||0
|1962||10||1
Total||75||3
DaMarcus Beasley (born May 24 1982 in Fort Wayne, Indiana) is an American soccer player.
He plays for Rangers of the Scottish Football League and United States national team.
|2000||rowspan="5"|Chicago Fire||rowspan="5"|Major League Soccer||18||2||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|2001||24||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||2
|2002||19||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||3
|2003||21||7||4||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||9
|2004||15||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|PSV Eindhoven||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||29||6||1||1||colspan="2"|-||12||4||42||11
|2005/06||27||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0||34||4
|2006/07||Manchester City||Premier League||18||3||4||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||22||4
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Rangers||rowspan="3"|Premier League||11||2||1||1||1||0||8||2||21||5
|2008/09||10||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||12||0
|2002||12||3
|2004||14||4
|2005||13||4
Total||89||17
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Alecko Eskandarian is an American football player.
He plays for Chivas USA and United States national team.
|2003||rowspan="4"|DC United||rowspan="4"|Major League Soccer||23||3
|2004||24||10
|2005||12||0
|2006||22||7
|2007||Toronto||Major League Soccer||6||1
|2007||Real Salt Lake||Major League Soccer||17||1
|2008||Chivas USA||Major League Soccer||||
Smash Hits was a pop music based magazine.
It was made for children and young teenagers.
The magazine was first published in the United Kingdom.
It ran from 1978 to 2006 and was issued fortnightly for most of that time.
The name survives as a brand for a related spin-off digital television channel, digital radio station, and website which have survived the end of the printed magazine.
Club 2017–18
Romanian Professional Football League official website
Results and statistics since 1932
Football in Romania
20th-century establishments in Romania
For the most part, the campaign was fought between the forces of the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina), supported by other Axis naval forces, and the forces of the British Royal Navy, supported by other Allied naval forces.
Each side had three overall goals in this battle.
The first was to attack the supply lines of the other side.
The second was to keep open its own supply lines, the Axis to their own armies in North Africa and the Allies to supply the island of Malta.
The third was to destroy the ability of the opposing navy to wage war at sea.
Outside of the Pacific ocean, the Mediterranean saw the largest conventional naval warfare during the war.
In particular, Allied forces struggled to supply and retain the key naval and air base of Malta.
Radar and fuel
All Italian warships lacked radar for most of the war, although this was partly offset by their good "rangefinder" and "fire-control" systems.
This could lead to action being avoided when the Italians had a clear advantage (e.g., During "Operation Hats").
Italian Naval Headquarters was conscious that the British could replace ships lost in the Mediterranean, whereas Italian Navy resources were limited and there was a terrible lack of fuel.
The Italian Navy entered the war with only one year of fuel required to operate normally.
By 1943 the lack of fuel prevented naval operations far away from the coasts of Italy.
The Allies had "Ultra" intercepts from Bletchley Park, which predicted the Italian movements, and radar, which enabled them to locate the ships and to range their weapons at distance and at night.
Italian Navy, Air Force and Army
German Navy (u-boat force), Air Force and Army
British Navy, Air Force and Army
Australian Navy, Air Force and Army
New Zealand Navy, Air Force and Army
Greek Navy, Air Force and Army
French (at the beginning; later they were neutral)
United States (at the end)
On 10 June 1940, Italy declared war on Britain and France.
On the following day, Italian bombers attacked Malta on what was to be the first of many raids.
The first clash between the rival fleets,  the Battle of Calabria, took place on 9 July 1940, just four weeks after the start of hostilities.
This was inconclusive (neither side won), and was followed by a series of small ship actions (the battle of the Espero convoy,  battle of Cape Spada)  during the autumn.
In November, the RN mounted an aerial attack  on the Italian fleet in Taranto harbour, crippling three capital ships and changing the balance of power in the Mediterranean.
Three months later the fleets clashed again at the Battle of Cape Matapan.
This was a major Allied victory; three Italian cruisers were sunk, and a battleship damaged in a two-day battle ending in a night action.
Following the battle of Crete in  the summer of 1941, the Royal Navy got the better of things in the central Mediterranean in a series of successful convoy attacks, (such as the Duisburg convoy and the Battle of Cape Bon) until the events  around  the First Battle of Sirte and the Raid on Alexandria in December swung the balance of power in the Axis favour.
The Italian Navy's most successful attack was when divers planted mines on British battleships during the raid on Alexandria harbour (19 December 1941).
HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Valiant were sunk (but ten months later raised and returned to active service).
During those ten months the Italian Navy enjoyed a temporary control of the Mediterranean sea (called by Mussolini's propaganda the Mare Nostrum, meaning "our sea").
A series of hard fought convoy battles (Second Battle of Sirte in March,  Operations Harpoon and Vigorous in June, and Operation Pedestal in August) were victories for the Axis but ensured Malta's survival, until the  Allies regained the advantage in November 1942.
In Sept 1943 with the Italian collapse and the surrender of Italian fleet, naval actions in Mediterranean  became  restricted to actions against U-boats and by small craft in the Adriatic and Aegean seas.
Major surface actions of the campaign
28 June 1940, Battle of the Espero Convoy.
Italian convoy attacked, destroyer Espero sunk.
9 July 1940, Battle of Calabria.
Inconclusive fleet action.
19 July 1940, Battle of Cape Spada.
Cruiser action, Bartolomeo Colleoni sunk.
12 October 1940, Battle of Cape Passero.
11 November 1940, Battle of Taranto.
Aerial attack on Italian fleet in harbour, 3 battleships sunk.
27 November 1940, Battle of Cape Spartivento.
6-11 January 1941, Operation Excess.
British convoy to Malta.
26 March 1941,battle of Suda Bay.
British cruiser sunk by torpedo boats.
27-29 March 1941, Battle of Cape Matapan.
Fleet action, 3 Italian cruisers sunk.
16 April 1941, Battle of the Tarigo Convoy.
Italian convoy attacked.
20 May-1 June 1941, Battle of Crete.
Series of actions supporting army in Crete, 9 British warships sunk.
July 1941, Operation Substance.
September 1941, Operation Halberd.
8 November 1941, Battle of the Duisburg Convoy.
Axis convoy destroyed.
13 December 1941, Battle of Cape Bon.
17 December 1941, First Battle of Sirte.
British convoy attacked.
19 December 1941, Raid on Alexandria.
Manned torpedoes attack British fleet, 2 battleships were sunk and a destroyer damaged.
22 March 1942, Second Battle of Sirte.
June 1942, Operation Harpoon.
June 1942, Operation Vigorous.
August 1942, Operation Pedestal.
November 1942, Operation Stone Age.
2 December 1942, Battle of Skerki Bank.
11 December 1942, Raid on Algiers.
Manned torpedoes attack Allied shipping.
16 April 1943, Battle of the Cigno Convoy.
Major Axis and Allied amphibious operations
25 February 1941, Allied assault on Kastelorizo.
20 May 1941, start of the Battle of Crete, the Axis invasion of Crete.
19 September 1942, Allied assault on Tobruk.
3 November 1942 Italian landing in Corsica, and occupation of the island.
8 November 1942, start of Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of Vichy-controlled Morocco and Algeria.
9 July 1943, start of Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily.
3 September 1943, start of the Allied invasion of Italy.
8 September 1943, start of the Dodecanese Campaign, the failed Allied attempt to invade the Dodecanese Islands.
9 September 1943, start of the Allied Salerno landings in Italy.
22 January 1944,  start of Operation Shingle, the Allied landings at Anzio in Italy.
15 August 1944, start of Operation Dragoon, the Allied landings in southern France.
Stephen Roskill: The War at Sea 1939-1945 Vol I (1954).
Stephen Roskill: The War at Sea 1939-1945 Vol II (1956).
Eric Groves: Sea Battles in Close-Up Vol II (1993).
1941 in Europe
1942 in Europe
A cryptographic hash function is a hash function which takes an input (or 'message') and returns a fixed-size  string of bytes.
The string is called the 'hash value', 'message digest', 'digital fingerprint', 'digest' or 'checksum'.
It is extremely easy to calculate a hash for any given data.
It is extremely computationally difficult to calculate an alphanumeric text that has a given hash.
It is extremely unlikely that two slightly different messages will have the same hash.
Functions with these properties are used as hash functions for a variety of purposes, not only in cryptography.
Practical applications include message integrity checks, digital signatures, authentication, and various information security applications.
A hash function takes a string of any length as input and produces a fixed length string which acts as a kind of "signature" for the data provided.
In this way, a person knowing the "hash value" is unable to know the original message, but only the person who knows the original message can prove the "hash value" is created from that message.
A cryptographic hash function should behave as much as possible like a random function while still being deterministic and efficiently computable.
A cryptographic hash function is considered "insecure" from a cryptographic point of view, if either of the following is computationally feasible:
Finding a (previously unseen) message that matches a given hash values.
Finding "collisions", in which two different messages have the same hash value.
Ideally, it should be impossible to find two different messages whose digests ("hash values") are similar.
Also, one would not want an attacker to be able to learn anything useful about a message from its digest ("hash values").
Of course the attacker learns at least one piece of information, the digest itself, by which the attacker can recognise if the same message occurred  again.
Different hash algorithms
MD5: It was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 which replaces the earlier version MD4.
It is specified as "RFC 1321" in 1992.
SHA-1: It was developed as part of a project by the U.S. government
RIPEMD-160: It stands for "RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest".
It was developed by Hans Dobbertin, Antoon Bosselaers, and Bart Preneel at the COSIC research group at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Leuven, Belgium, and it was published in 1996.
BLAKE2
BLAKE3
Applied Cryptography.
John Wiley & Sons, 1996. .
Hash'em all! –
free online text and file hashing with different algorithms
The Hash function lounge  – a list of hash functions and known attacks
Helger Lipmaa's links on hash functions
Diagrams explaining cryptographic hash functions
An Illustrated Guide to Cryptographic Hashes by Steve Friedl
Cryptanalysis of MD5 and SHA: Time for a New Standard by Bruce Schneier
Hash collision Q&A
Attacking hash functions by poisoned messages (construction of multiple sensible Postscript messages with the same hash function)
What is a hash function?
from RSA Laboratories
Password Hashing in PHP  by James McGlinn at the PHP Security Consortium
The code monkey's guide to cryptographic hashes  by Val Henson, "in language that any programmer (and even some managers) can understand."
Making sure that data is "whole" or complete.
The conditions by which data are maintained during any operation (such as transfer, storage or retrieval).
The correct storage of data for further use.
The rules for measuring data quality.
One is used by the cryptographic community.
The other is a general meaning which is how the word cryptosystem is understood by the public.
General meaning
In this meaning, the term cryptosystem is used as shorthand,  or as an abbreviation for "cryptographic system".
A cryptographic system is any computer system that involves cryptography.
Such systems include for instance, a system for secure electronic mail which might include methods for digital signatures, cryptographic hash functions, key management techniques, and so on.
Meaning in the cryptographic community
Key generation algorithm.
Encryption algorithm.
Decryption algorithm.
The term cipher (sometimes cypher) is often used to refer to a pair of (encryption/decryption) algorithms.
Therefore, the term "cryptosystem" is most often used when the key generation algorithm is important.
For this reason, the term "cryptosystem" is commonly used to refer to public key techniques; however both "cipher" and "cryptosystem" are used for symmetric key techniques.
"Cryptographic system" vs. "cryptosystem"
The Internet Security Glossary RFC 2828 advises against using the term "cryptosystem", giving the following definitions.
cryptosystem
(D) ISDs SHOULD NOT use this term as an abbreviation for cryptographic system. (
For justification, see: crypto.)
ISDs SHOULD NOT use this abbreviated term because it may be misunderstood.
Instead, use "cryptography" or "cryptographic".
Serpent is a  symmetric key block cipher which was the second finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) contest after Rijndael.
Serpent has a block size of 128 bits and supports a key size of 128, 192 or 256 bits.
The cipher is a 32-round substitution-permutation network operating on a block of four 32-bit words.
Each round applies one of eight 4-bit by 4-bit S-boxes 32 times in parallel.
Serpent was designed so that all operations can be executed in parallel, using 32 1-bit slices.
This maximizes parallelism, but also allows use of the extensive cryptanalysis work performed on DES.
The Serpent cipher has not been patented.
It is completely placed in the public domain and can be freely used by anyone.
Rijndael vs. Serpent
Rijndael is a substitution-linear transformation network with 10, 12, or 14 rounds, depending on the key size, and with block sizes of 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits, independently specified.
Serpent is a substitution-linear transformation network which has 32 rounds, plus an initial and a final permutation to simplify an optimized implementation.
The round function in Rijndael consists of: a nonlinear layer, a linear mixing layer, and a key-mixing XOR layer.
The round function in Serpent consists of: key-mixing XOR, thirty-two parallel process of the same 4x4 S-box, and a linear transformation, except in the last round, in which another key-mixing XOR replaces the linear transformation.
The nonlinear layer in Rijndael uses an 8x8 S-box.
The nonlinear layer in Serpent uses 8 different 4x4 S-boxes.
The 32 rounds make Serpent more secure than Rijndael; however, Rijndael with 10 rounds is faster and easier to implement for small Block ciphers and on embedded system.
For that reason, Rijndael was selected as the winner in the AES competition.
The XSL attack, if effective and would weaken Serpent (though not as much as it would weaken Rijndael, which became AES).
However, many cryptanalysts believe that if implementations considered to overcome the XSL attack, the XSL attack would be more difficult than a brute force attack.
Serpent homepage
SCAN's entry for Serpent
In Pellicano Case, Lessons in Wiretapping Skills NYTimes May 5 2008
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a computer program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication.
PGP is often used for signing, encrypting and decrypting electronic mails (e-mails) to increase the security of e-mail communications.
It was originally created by Phil Zimmermann in 1991.
OpenPGP is on the Internet Standards Track; the current specification is RFC 4880 (November 2007).
OpenPGP is still under development and the successor to RFC 2440, which is RFC 4880, has been made a proposed standard.
Many e-mail clients provide OpenPGP-compliant email security as described in RFC 3156.
The Free Software Foundation has developed its own OpenPGP-compliant program called GNU Privacy Guard (abbreviated GnuPG or GPG).
GnuPG is freely available together with all source code under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and is maintained separately faraway from several Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) that interact with the GnuPG library for encryption, decryption and signing functions (see KGPG, Seahorse, MacGPG).
Several other vendors have also developed OpenPGP-compliant software.
OpenPGP implementations
PGP Corporation
cGeep Pro
OpenPGP::SDK
Authora Inc.
McAfee Inc.
Feneris Solutions Inc. Canada
EasyByte Cryptocx - Component
Veridis
Legion of The Bouncy Castle
BSD Privacy Guard
Prime Factors Inc.
Oxford Brookes Secure Email Proxy
PGP Corporation Support Forum  community support plus contributions from PGP Support staff
Phil Zimmermann's Home Page
MIT Public Key Directory for Registration and Search
List of public keyservers
IETF OpenPGP working group
OpenPGP Alliance
Weak keys usually represent a very small fraction of the overall key space, which means that if someone generates a random key to encrypt a message, it is a rare condition that weak keys will cause a security problem.
However, it is considered a good design for a cipher to have no weak keys ("quality chiper").
A cipher with no weak keys is said to have a flat, or linear,  key space.
Examples of 128-Bits weak keys
All zeros (0x0000000000000000)
All ones (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
Alternating '1' + '0' (0x0101010101010101)
Alternating 'F' + 'E' (0xFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE)
Alternating 'E' + '1' (0xE1E1E1E1F0F0F0F0) or (0x1E1E1E1E0F0F0F0F)
In cryptography, the XSL attack is a method of cryptanalysis for block ciphers.
The attack was first published in 2002 by researchers Nicolas Courtois and Josef Pieprzyk.
It was claimed that it may break the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher faster than a brute force attack.
AES is already widely used in commerce and government for the transmission of secret and classified information.
Finding a technique that can decrease the amount of time it takes to break the secret message without having the key could cause wide damage.
In 2004 it was shown by one of the cryptanalysts, that the algorithm does not perform as described in its published paper.
In addition, the method requires long effort.
Unless shortened, the technique does not reduce the effort to break AES in comparison to a brute force attack.
Therefore, it does not affect the real-world security of block ciphers in the near future.
However, the attack has caused some experts to insert complexities in the algebraic simplicity of the current AES.
The XSL attack relies on first analyzing the internal design of a cipher then deriving a system of quadratic simultaneous equations.
These systems of equations are typically very large, for example 8000 equations with 1600 variables for the 128-bit AES.
In the XSL attack, a specialized algorithm, termed XSL (eXtended Sparse Linearization), is then applied to solve these equations and compute the key.
The attack is well-known and famous for requiring only a handful of known plaintexts to perform.
Previous methods of cryptanalysis, such as linear and differential cryptanalysis, often require unrealistically large numbers of known or chosen plaintexts, which make them impossible to realize.
Courtois' page on AES
"Quadratic Cryptanalysis",  an explanation of the XSL attack by J. J. G. Savard
"AES is NOT broken" by T. Moh
Courtois and Pieprzyk paper on ePrint
Commentary in the Crypto-gram newsletter: 1, 2, 3.
An overview of AES and XSL
Sound the Alarm is the fifth studio album by the emo band Saves the Day.
It was released by Vagrant Records on April 11, 2006.
It was produced by Steve Evetts who also produced Saves the Day's first two albums, Can't Slow Down and Through Being Cool.
All of the album's lyrics were written by Chris Conley.
It is their darkest album, and Chris wrote it about the black clouds in his life, and things that were eating him alive.
This album was welcomed by many as something of a return to the band's classic sound, after the sonic departure of In Reverie in 2003.
Sound the Alarm reached number 67 on the Billboard 200 Album Chart.
Sound the Alarm is part one of a three part concept that Conley described in an interview with Punknews.org.
It is their trilogy about self discovery.
The "Head for the Hills" track is used on the soundtrack of the football video game Madden NFL 07.
"Head for the Hills" - 2:50
"The End" - 1:54
"Shattered" - 3:08
"Eulogy" - 3:22
"Dying Day" - 2:21
"34" - 2:22
"Say You'll Never Leave" - 2:20
"Diseased" - 2:12
"Don't Know Why" - 3:22
"Sound the Alarm" - 3:06
"Bones" 2:23
"Delusional" 2:07
"Hell Is Here" 3:36
Ennis is a town in the Republic of Ireland.
It has about 25,000 people living in it.
There are people from eastern Europe, Africa and the United Kingdom living in Ennis.
Randolph Severn "Trey" Parker III (born October 19 1969) is an American animator, screenwriter, film director, voice actor, actor, musician and Academy Award nominated lyricist.
He and Matt Stone worked on the animated series South Park.
Actors from Colorado
Matthew Richard "Matt" Stone (born May 26, 1971) is an Academy Award- nominated Emmy Award- winning American animator, screenwriter, director, producer, voice actor, musician and actor.
He and Trey Parker created the animated television series, South Park.
actors from Houston, Texas
Tibet and Mongolia signed a treaty called the Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet  on February 2, 1913, at Urga (now Ulaanbaatar).
Today, we are not sure if the treaty can be used or not.
The Qing Dynasty ended in 1911.
After this, both Tibet and Mongolia were independent.
Both had a lamaist head of state.
The Republic of China did not see them as independent.
In the treaty, both Mongolia and Tibet said they would see each other as independent, and help each other in war.
The people who signed for Mongolia were foreign minister Da Lama Ravdan and General Manlaibaatar Damdinsüren.
Those who signed for Tibet were Agvan Dorjiev, Chijamts, and Gendun-Galsan, who lived in Tibet.
Dorjiev was  a Buryat, a citizen of Russia.
For this reason, the treaty may not be legal.
The 13th Dalai Lama denied that he had let Dorjiev sign a treaty with Mongolia.
More importantly, neither the cleric nor the Tibetan government has ever signed any treaty.
The Russian government said  that Dorjiev was Russian.
He could therefore not act as a diplomat for the Dalai Lama.
The Mongolian text of the treaty has been published by the Mongolian Academy of Sciences in 1982.
Most other people still did not see Mongolia or Tibet as independent.
They said that these areas belonged to China.
Western powers had made treaties with the Qing Dynasty, and China had said it would honour these treaties.
If they had recognised either Tibet or Mongolia, these treaties would have become invalid.
The main Western powers were the United Kingdom and Russia.
Both feared that if they saw the countries as independent, they could come under the influence of the other western powers.
In their opinion, that situation was worse than if China controlled both of them, because China was weak.
British negotiators at the Simla Convention heard about the treaty and got very suspicious.
They feared that Russia might use the treaty to gain more influence in Tibet.
In the end, China did not sign the Simla Convention.
Instead, a very similar treaty was signed by Mongolia, China, and Russia on 25 May 1915.
This treaty was called the tripartite Treaty of Kyakhta.
The agreement stated that Mongolia was completely  autonomous in internal matters and that Russia had certain privileges in Mongolia.
At the same time it said that Mongolia was in fact a part of China.
English translation of the Treaty from Tibetan
friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet
Waterford City is a city in Ireland.
The population in 2006 was nearly 50,000 people.
It is the county town of County Waterford.
Waterford is the fifth largest city in Ireland.
It is also the oldest city in Ireland.
Waterford is home to the Waterford Crystal glass factory, which exports crystal all around the world.
This glass factory has made many famous pieces, including the New Years Eve glass ball used in Times Square in New York.
The factory closed in 2009 leading to over 1,500 job losses.
The factory reopened again in the city centre in June 2010 and is now a popular tour.
Tourists also come to Waterford to visit the Waterford Viking Triangle.
The city was founded in 914 by the Vikings.
The Norman King Henry II of England landed at Waterford in 1171.
Waterford and then Dublin were made royal cities and in the Middle Ages, Waterford was Ireland's second city after Dublin.
As a result, King Henry VII gave the city its motto: Urbs Intacta Manet Waterfordia (Waterford remains the untaken city).
After the Protestant Reformation, Waterford remained a Catholic city and participated in an independent Catholic government from 1642 to 1649.
This was ended by Oliver Cromwell, who brought the country back under English rule; his son-in-law Henry Ireton finally took Waterford in 1650 after a battle.
The 18th century was a period of wealth for Waterford.
Most of the city's best buildings came during this time.
A permanent military base was established in the city with the Waterford Barracks at the end of the 18th century.
Reginald's Tower is the oldest urban civic building in Ireland, and the oldest monument to retain its Viking name.
It is Waterford's most recognisable landmark.
It is believed to be the first building in Ireland to use mortar.
Reginald's Tower is in the Viking Triangle, a favourite visiting area for tourists which contains three museums and the Waterford Crystal factory and showroom.
The River Suir, which flows through Waterford City, has provided a basis for the city's long maritime history.
The place downriver from Waterford where the River Nore and the River Barrow join the River Suir is known in the Irish language as Cumar na dTrí Uisce ("The confluence of the three waters").
Waterford Port has been one of Ireland's major ports for over 1000 years.
In the 19th century, shipbuilding was a major industry.
The owners of the Neptune Shipyard, the Malcomson family, built and operated the largest fleet of iron steamers in the world between the mid-1850s and the late 1860s, including five trans-Atlantic passenger liners.
Waterford Airport is a regional airport.
Waterford is also known for where of one of the biggest European airlines, Ryanair started from.
The first flight was a 14-seat Bandeirante aircraft, flying between Waterford and Gatwick Airport.
In physics, dissipation includes the concept of a dynamical system where important mechanical modes, such as waves or oscillations, lose energy over time, typically due to the action of friction or turbulence.
The lost energy is converted into heat, raising the temperature of the system.
Such systems are called dissipative systems.
For example, a wave that loses amplitude is said to dissipate.
The dissipative nature depends on the nature of the wave: an atmospheric wave, for instance, may dissipate close to the surface due to friction with the land mass, and at higher levels due to radiative cooling.
In computational physics
In computational physics, a numerical dissipation is also known as "artificial dissipation" or "artificial diffusion" or "numerical diffusion".
They all mean this: when the pure advection equation--which, by definition, is free of dissipation--is solved by a numerical approximation method that reduces the amplitude and changes the shape of the initial wave in a way analogous (similar) to a diffusional process, the method is said to contain 'dissipation'.
In river hydrology
In Hydrology, dissipation is the process of converting mechanical energy of downward flowing water into thermal and acoustical energy.
Various devices are designed in stream-beds (river-banks) to reduce the kinetic energy of flowing waters to reduce their erosive potential on banks and river bottoms.
Very often these devices look like small waterfalls or cascades, where water flows vertically or over riprap to lose some of its kinetic force.
Galway is a port city in the western part of Ireland.
It is in the historic province of Connacht.
Over 70,000 people live there as of 2011.
It is located on the Galway Bay.
Porta Alchemica (English: alchemical door), or Alchemy Gate or Magic Portal, is an ancient monument built between 1678 and 1680 by Massimiliano Palombara marquis of Pietraforte (1614-1680) in his residence, Palombara villa, located in the east of Rome on the Esquilino hill in a position almost corresponding to Piazza Vittorio, where today was placed.