the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Mitigating factor 
 As of January 2016, Belarus is the only country in Europe or Central Asia that still uses the death penalty.
Mitigating factor 
 Some other countries still have death penalty laws, but they have not used the death penalty in over 10 years, or they have a moratorium (a temporary stop) on the death penalty.p.
Mitigating factor 
 The European Union is strongly against the death penalty, and fights for this punishment to be ended throughout Europe.
Mitigating factor 
 Any country that wants to be in the European Union must first end the death penalty in their country.
Mitigating factor 
 The law in Belarus allows the death penalty for murder, terrorism that causes death, treason, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.
Mitigating factor 
 If a person becomes mentally ill after being sentenced, and they cannot understand or control their behavior, they are not given the death penalty.
Mitigating factor 
 Since the end of the Nuremberg Trials after World War II, the major international courts in the world have outlawed the death penalty in their courts.
Mitigating factor 
 For example, in 1993, the United Nations set up an International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (which is still prosecuting people as of 2016).
Mitigating factor 
 In 1994, the United Nations Security Council set up the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, to look into and punish crimes committed during the Rwandan Genocide.
Mitigating factor 
 Its job is to look into and try war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, wherever in the world they happen.
Mitigating factor 
 However, no matter how bad these crimes are, the ICC is not allowed to use the death penalty as a punishment.
Selkirk Transit 
 In 2020 they will get an XE40 from New flyer as part of the Rapid transit commuter line owned by Winnipeg
Dan Green 
 James Hadley "Jay" Snyder (born February 7, 1975) also known by his stage name as Dan Green, is an American voice actor, voice director and script adapter who is known for his work with 4Kids Entertainment, DuArt Film and Video, NYAV Post and Central Park Media.
Dan Green 
 franchise and as Knuckles the Echidna in Sonic X and in the Sonic the Hedgehog video game franchise from 2005 to 2010.
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit is one of the 13 appeals courts in the United States's federal court system.
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 The Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit is the appeals court that has jurisdiction, or legal power, to review cases decided by less powerful courts in the 1st Circuit.
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 If someone wants to appeal a decision that one of these courts made, they would have to appeal to the Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit.
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 Since he retired from the United States Supreme Court, Justice David Souter regularly sits on the First Circuit "by designation."
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 This means he is a visiting judge who comes to hear cases at the First Circuit, to add his knowledge and experience.
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 The Court usually "sits" (meets at the Courthouse and hears cases) for one week a month, eleven months per year.
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 For one month out of the year  either July or August  the Court takes a summer break and does not meet.
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 In every month except September and the Court's summer break month: The Court sits for one week each month, starting on the first Monday of the month
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 In both March and November: The Court sits for an extra week at the Jose V. Toledo Federal Building and United States Courthouse in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 In September: The Court starts on the Wednesday after Labor Day, sits for the three days in that week, and sits for all five days the next week
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 On March 3, 1891, the United States Congress created the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 On January 28, 1915, Congress passed a law that added the District of Puerto Rico to the First Circuit.
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 
 The law said that the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit would hear appeals from Puerto Rico's district court.
Browder v. Gayle 
 707 (1956), was a case heard before a three-judge panel of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama on Montgomery and Alabama state bus segregation laws.
Browder v. Gayle 
 The District Court ruled 2-1, with one dissenting, on June 5, 1956 that bus segregation was unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment protections for equal treatment.
Browder v. Gayle 
 The state and city appealed, and the decision was upheld by the United States Supreme Court on November 13, 1956.
Browder v. Gayle 
 About two months after the Montgomery Bus Boycott began, civil rights activists reconsidered the case of Claudette Colvin.
Browder v. Gayle 
 She was a 15-year-old girl who had been the first person arrested in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus.
Browder v. Gayle 
 Black leaders had been looking for a test case to test the constitutionality of the segregation laws of the state of Alabama and the city of Montgomery.
Browder v. Gayle 
 One of the attorneys, Clifford Durr, was concerned that an appeal of Mrs. Rosa Parks' case would get tied up in the Alabama state courts.
Browder v. Gayle 
 Colvin and several others who were discriminated against on Montgomery busses, agreed to become plaintiffs in a federal civil action lawsuit, thus bypassing the Alabama court system.
Browder v. Gayle 
 The bus company said segregation was valid on "privately owned busses" which operated according to the laws of the city and state.
Browder v. Gayle 
 On June 13, 1956, the District Court ruled that "the enforced segregation of black and white passengers on motor buses operating in the City of Montgomery violates the Constitution and laws of the United States," because the conditions deprived people of equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Browder v. Gayle 
 The court further enjoined the state of Alabama and city of Montgomery from continuing to operate segregated buses.
Browder v. Gayle 
 The case was not completed until it was heard later that year by the US Supreme Court, as the state and city appealed the decision.
Browder v. Gayle 
 On November 13, 1956, the Supreme Court upheld the District Court's ruling and ordered the state of Alabama (and Montgomery) to desegregate its buses.
Browder v. Gayle 
 One month later on December 20, after Mayor Gayle was handed official written notice by federal marshals, the Montgomery buses were desegregated.
Grace Poe 
 Grace Poe (born September 3, 1968) is the adopted daughter of Filipino actors Susan Roces and Fernando Poe, Jr. She served as chairperson of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) from 2010 to 2012 and in the Philippine Senate since 2013.
Miriam Defensor Santiago 
 Miriam Defensor Santiago (June 15, 1945 – September 29, 2016) is a Filipino politician, known for having served in all three branches of the Philippines government – judicial, executive, and legislative.
Miriam Defensor Santiago 
 Defensor Santiago was named one of The 100 Most Powerful Women in the World in 1997 by The Australian.
Leni Robredo 
 In October 2021, Robredo announced her candidacy for president of the Philippines in the 2022 election.
Risa Hontiveros 
 Risa Hontiveros (born February 24, 1966) is a Filipino socialist activist and journalist, who was the representative of Akbayan in the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2004 to 2010.
Leila de Lima 
 She was appointed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as Chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights on May 2008 and served until June 30, 2010 when she resigned and appointed by President Benigno Aquino III as Secretary of the Philippine Department of Justice.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The amendments were important in carrying out the reconstruction of the southern states after the war.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 Many northern politicians saw them as changing the United States from a country that was (in Abraham Lincoln's words) "half slave and half free" to one in which the constitutionally guaranteed "blessings of liberty" would be extended to all the people, including the former slaves and their descendants.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The Fourteenth Amendment (proposed in 1866 and ratified in 1868) created the privileges and immunities clause, applicable to all citizens; and made the due process and equal protection clauses applicable to all persons.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The Fifteenth Amendment, (proposed in 1869 and ratified in 1870) prohibits discrimination in voting rights of citizens on the basis of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The measure was swiftly ratified by all but three Union states (the exceptions were Delaware, New Jersey, and Kentucky), and by a sufficient number of border and "reconstructed" Southern states.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed it to have been incorporated into the federal Constitution.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was proposed by Congress on June 13, 1866.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 By July 9, 1868, it had received ratifications by the legislatures of the required number of states in order to officially become the Fourteenth Amendment.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 On July 20, 1868, Secretary of State William Seward certified that it had been ratified and added to the federal Constitution.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The amendment was bitterly opposed, particularly by Southern states, which were forced to ratify it in order for their delegations to be able to return to Congress.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The Fourteenth Amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 It formed the basis for landmark decisions such as Roe v. Wade (1973), regarding abortion, and Bush v. Gore (2000), regarding the 2000 presidential election.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a male citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".
Reconstruction Amendments 
 By 1869, amendments had been passed to abolish slavery and provide citizenship and equal protection under the laws.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 But the narrow election of Ulysses S. Grant to the presidency in 1868 convinced a majority of Republicans that black voters would be important for the party's future.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 After rejecting more sweeping versions of a suffrage amendment, Congress proposed a compromise amendment banning restrictions on the basis of race, color, or previous servitude on February 26, 1869.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 After blacks gained the vote, the Ku Klux Klan directed some of their attacks to disrupt their political meetings and intimidate them at the polls, to suppress black participation.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 In the mid-1870s, there was a rise in new insurgent groups, such as the Red Shirts and White League, who acted on behalf of the Democratic Party to violently suppress black voting.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 While white Democrats regained power in southern state legislatures, through the 1880s and early 1890s, numerous blacks continued to be elected to local offices in many states, as well as to Congress as late as 1894.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 From 1890 to 1910, all the states of the former Confederacy passed new constitutions and other laws that found new methods to get around the Fifteenth Amendment, such as poll taxes, residency rules, and literacy tests administered by white staff, sometimes with exemptions for whites via grandfather clauses.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 When challenges reached the Supreme Court, it interpreted the amendment narrowly, ruling based on the stated intent of the laws rather than their practical effect.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The results in voter suppression were dramatic, as voter rolls fell: nearly all blacks, as well as tens of thousands of poor whites in Alabama and other states, were forced off the voter registration rolls and out of the political system, effectively excluding millions of people from representation.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 Democratic state legislatures passed racial segregation laws for public facilities and other types of Jim Crow restrictions.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 During this period of political struggle, the rate of lynchings in the South reached an all-time high.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 In the twentieth century, the Court interpreted the amendment more broadly, striking down grandfather clauses in Guinn v. United States (1915).
Reconstruction Amendments 
 It took a quarter century to finally dismantle the white primary system in the "Texas primary cases" (1927–1953).
Reconstruction Amendments 
 With the South having become a one-party region after the disfranchisement of blacks, Democratic Party primaries were the only competitive contests in the states.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 But Southern states reacted rapidly to Supreme Court decisions, often devising new ways to continue to exclude blacks from voter rolls and voting; most blacks in the South did not gain the ability to vote until after passage of the mid-1960s federal civil rights legislation and beginning of federal oversight of voter registration and district boundaries.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The Twenty-fourth Amendment (1964) forbade the requirement for poll taxes in federal elections; by this time five of the eleven southern states continued to require such taxes.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 Together with the US Supreme Court ruling in Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966), which forbade requiring poll taxes in state elections, blacks regained the opportunity to participate in the American political system.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 These amendments were intended to guarantee freedom to former slaves and to prevent discrimination in civil rights to former slaves and all citizens of the United States.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The promise of these amendments was lessened by state laws and federal court decisions over the course of the 19th century.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 Important Supreme Court decisions that undermined these amendments were the Slaughter-House Cases in 1873, which prevented rights guaranteed under the Fourteenth Amendment's privileges or immunities clause from being extended to rights under state law; and Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 which originated the phrase "separate but equal" and gave federal approval to Jim Crow laws.
Reconstruction Amendments 
 The full benefits of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments were not realized until the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 and laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Shozo Awazu 
 Awazu was considered to be one of the top experts in ne waza (grappling techniques), kata and tandoku-renshu.
Richard Bradford (actor) 
 He was known for his lead role as former CIA agent turned private eye McGill in the British TV adventure series Man in a Suitcase, made by ITC in 1967.
Maggie Blye 
 Her later television roles included The Rockford Files, Hart to Hart and Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman.
Roger Cicero 
 Cicero represented Germany at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki his song Frauen regier'n die Welt (Women rule the world).
Esther Herlitz 
 She served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1973 and 1977 and again from 1979 until 1981.
Esther Herlitz 
 She was also Israel's first female ambassador, having been appointed as the country's ambassador to Denmark in 1966.
Marie-Claire Kirkland 
 Marie-Claire Kirkland-Casgrain (September 8, 1924 – March 24, 2016) was a Canadian lawyer, judge and politician.
Marie-Claire Kirkland 
 She was the first woman appointed a Cabinet minister in Quebec, the first woman appointed acting premier, and the first woman judge to serve in the Quebec Provincial Court.
Tibor R. Machan 
 Machan held the R. C. Hoiles Chair of Business Ethics and Free Enterprise at the Argyros School of Business & Economics at Chapman University in Orange, California until December 31, 2014.
In re Gault 
 The Court ruled that juveniles (children and teenagers) have the same rights as adults when they are accused of a crime.
In re Gault 
 For example, they have due process rights, like the right to have a lawyer, when they are being questioned by the police, and when they are on trial.
In re Gault 
 The Court's ruling in this case was so important for children's rights that Justice Earl Warren said it would become "the Magna Carta for juveniles."
In re Gault 
 In the four years before the Supreme Court decided In re: Gault, the Court also decided some other very important cases about due process rights  the rights people have when they are accused of a crime.
In re Gault 
 The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution says that "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to ... the Assistance of Counsel for his defence."
In re Gault 
 Also, the Fourteenth Amendment says that no state can take away any person's "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person ... the equal protection of the laws."
In re Gault 
 Miranda v. Arizona, : When a person is being asked whether they committed a crime, they do not have to answer.
In re Gault 
 This is called the right against "self-incrimination" (the right not to say anything that proves you committed a crime).
In re Gault 
 While the Constitution never says that its rights are only for adults, American courts had never given juveniles the same due process rights as adults.
In re Gault 
 In the United States' court system, there are separate courts for children who are accused of committing crimes or having behavior problems.
In re Gault 
 However, usually, if the judge rules that the child is "delinquent," the judge can make that child a "ward of the court."
In re Gault 
 This means the judge is putting the court in charge of the child, and taking that power away from the child's parents.
In re Gault 
 For the worst crimes, the court can decide to put the child in a special school, juvenile prison, or other program away from home, and keep them there until they turn 21.
In re Gault 
 At the time that Gerald Gault was arrested, juveniles had very few rights in the juvenile justice system.
In re Gault 
 For example, they could be put in jail without a trial, or without even knowing what crime they were being charged with.
In re Gault 
 He was arrested after a neighbor named Ora Cook who complained that she received an obscene, vulgar phone call.
In re Gault 
 He had been put on probation for six months, starting February 25, 1964, for being with another boy who stole a woman's wallet.
In re Gault 
 She eventually found him at the county Children's Detention Home, but was she not allowed to take him home.
In re Gault 
 Gault has always said that his friend Ronald Lewis made the call to Cook from the Gault family's trailer.
In re Gault 
 Judge McGhee usually worked in the Gila County Superior Court (an adult court), but was working in the juvenile court that day.
In re Gault 
 At the end of the hearing, Judge McGhee said he would think about what to do, and sent Gault back to jail.
In re Gault 
 McGhee ordered Gault to be sent to the State Industrial School until he turned 21, unless the court decided to let him out before then.
In re Gault 
 If Gault had been convicted of the same crime as an adult, the Arizona laws would have allowed a maximum punishment of two months in prison and a fine of $5 to $50.
In re Gault 
 Gault's accuser, Mrs. Cook, was not at either hearing, even though Mrs. Gault had asked for her to come so she could identify whether Gerald or his friend had made the phone calls.
In re Gault 
 Judge McGhee had never told Gault's parents that they could bring a lawyer to the hearings or call witnesses to defend Gerald.
In re Gault 
 Gault's parents hired a lawyer named Amelia Lewis, who petitioned the Arizona Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus.
In re Gault 
 The Supreme Court sent the case to the Arizona Superior Court, a regular trial court, for a habeas corpus hearing.
In re Gault 
 Gerald used lewd language while another person could hear (this was a misdemeanor under the Arizona Revised Statutes § 13-377)
In re Gault 
 This part of the law said that a delinquent child "habitually" (regularly) behaves in ways that "injure or endanger the morals or health of himself or others."
In re Gault 
 Two years earlier, the juvenile court got a report saying Gault had stolen a baseball glove and lied to the police about it.
In re Gault 
 They argued that Gerald's conviction was not legal because he was not given the due process rights in the Constitution.
In re Gault 
 They also argued that the state's set of juvenile laws, the Arizona Juvenile Code, was unconstitutional because it did not include these due process rights.
In re Gault 
 This option was to appeal to the United States Supreme Court, but to do this, they would need more lawyers, and that would be expensive.
In re Gault 
 However, lawyers from the Arizona chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) got involved and worked with Amelia Lewis on the Supreme Court appeal.
In re Gault 
 The Supreme Court had to answer three important legal questions in this case: a specific question, a general question, and a question that would affect every juvenile and court in the country.:
In re Gault 
 The specific question: Were Gerald Gault's due process rights violated when he was convicted and sent to juvenile prison?
In re Gault 
 The general question: Was the Arizona Juvenile Code unconstitutional because it did not give juveniles the due process rights in the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution?
In re Gault 
 Justice Fortas pointed out that if Gerald were over 18, and were tried in adult court, he would have had many different rights, including the ones in this table.
In re Gault 
 In the Court's opinion, Justice Fortas wrote that without these due process rights, a person cannot get a fair trial, no matter what age they are.
In re Gault 
 The Fourteenth Amendment says that "no state can take away any person's "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person ... the equal protection of the laws."
In re Gault 
 Since juvenile courts could take away children's freedom by sending them to juvenile prisons, they needed to give juvenile defendants full due process rights.
In re Gault 
 They also needed to give them "equal protection of the laws"  the same protections an adult at risk of going to jail would get.
In re Gault 
 He had spent three years in the Industrial School: two years and ten months longer than he could have possibly spent in prison if he was convicted as an adult.
In re Gault 
 In re Gault gave due process rights, which juveniles had never had, to children and teenagers being accused of crimes.