the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Miranda warning 
 For example, Rogers found that 31% of defendants waiting for trials in Texas and Oklahoma did not understand their right to remain silent.
Miranda warning 
 They believed that if they did not answer questions, the court would use that as evidence of their guilt.
Miranda warning 
 Other studies have shown that most juveniles (children and teenagers)  and many adults  do not understand their rights well enough to decide when to use them and when to waive them (not use them).
Miranda warning 
 For example, in one study, a researcher asked juveniles and adults to repeat back the Miranda warning in their own words.
Miranda warning 
 The researcher also asked them to define six of the most important words in the Miranda warning, like "consult," "appoint," and "attorney."
Miranda warning 
 Finally, the researcher tested whether they could understand different versions of the Miranda warning.
Miranda warning 
 Over half of juveniles (55.3%) and almost one quarter of the adults (23.5%) did not understand at least one of the four parts of the warning
Miranda warning 
 No Supreme Court ruling or federal law has ever said that children must have a parent or lawyer with them while being questioned.
Miranda warning 
 About 12 states have chosen to add extra protections for juveniles in their states, like not letting juveniles waive their Miranda rights without a parent or guardian there.
Miranda warning 
 A famous study done by Richard Rogers and others in 2008 looked at Miranda warnings that were meant to be simplified versions for juveniles.
Miranda warning 
 He found that these warnings were longer than the non-simplified versions; some had as many as 526 words.
Miranda warning 
 Another study, done in 2013, found that 16- and 17-year-olds charged with a felony almost always waived their Miranda rights.
Miranda warning 
 Especially when juveniles waive their rights and agree to talk to police without a lawyer, they are much more likely to confess to something they did not actually do.
Miranda warning 
 Looking at people who were proven to be innocent, studies found that one-third to two-fifths of untrue confessions came from juveniles.
Miranda warning 
 A report from the American Bar Association suggests this version of the Miranda warning for juveniles:
Miranda warning 
 There have been many cases where suspects' confessions have been challenged and thrown out in court because of problems giving the Miranda warning in other languages.
Miranda warning 
 Suspects who speak Arabic, Cantonese, Dinka, Korean, Mandarin Chinese, Somali, and Spanish being given Miranda warnings in English
Miranda warning 
 Suspects who speak Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese being given written Miranda warnings that were not translated correctly
Miranda warning 
 Police using translators who made mistakes, did not know how to translate legal words, or just did not speak the suspect's language very well
Miranda warning 
 Know Your Rights: Simple English brochures from the American Civil Liberties Union about your Miranda rights
Douglas Wilmer 
 He also appeared in Jason and the Argonauts, the Pink Panther movies A Shot in the Dark (1964) and Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978),  The Vampire Lovers (1970), The Golden Voyage of Sinbad (1974), and Octopussy (1983).
Douglas Wilmer 
 On 31 March 2016, it was reported by Roger Moore by social media that Wilmer had died at the age of 96.
Pratyusha Banerjee 
 She had signed as a host with reality-based crime saga Savdhaan India for the special segment on "women against crime".
Pratyusha Banerjee 
 On 1 April 2016, Banerjee was found hanging in her Mumbai apartment, and according to the postmortem report the cause of death was asphyxia.
Grant Tinker 
 Grant Almerin Tinker (January 11, 1926 – November 28, 2016) was an American television producer and executive.
Grant Tinker 
 After leaving NBC, Tinker tried to repeat his success with MTM Enterprises by forming GTG (Grant Tinker-Gannett) Entertainment but the business venture failed and the company closed in 1990.
Chris O'Dowd 
 O'Dowd created and starred in the Sky 1 television series Moone Boy, which aired between 2012 and 2015.
Chris O'Dowd 
 O'Dowd is also known for his movies, most notably Bridesmaids (2011), This Is 40 (2012), The Sapphires (2012), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Calvary (2014) and St. Vincent (2014).
State governments of the United States 
 The state governments are mostly set up in the same way as the federal government of the United States.
State governments of the United States 
 The United States Constitution divides power between the state governments and the federal government.
State governments of the United States 
 The Founding Fathers of the United States wrote the Constitution this way to make sure that neither the federal government or the states could get too powerful.
State governments of the United States 
 These next two sections will talk about the bicameral state legislatures (the ones with two different parts (unlike Nebraska).
State governments of the United States 
 Sometimes it is called the State Senate, to make it clear that it is different from the federal government's United States Senate.
State governments of the United States 
 In almost all of the states, people in rural areas got much greater representation from their senators.
State governments of the United States 
 This meant it was easier for these people to get attention from their senators, and get their senators to do what they wanted.
State governments of the United States 
 However, in the 1964 decision Reynolds v. Sims'', , the United States Supreme Court ruled that state senators had to cover districts that had about the same number of people in them.
State governments of the United States 
 This is different than the United States Senate, where every state gets two United States Senators, no matter how many people live there.
State governments of the United States 
 This person and the Governor are often elected as a team (like the President and the Vice President)
State governments of the United States 
 The secretary of a department is usually a member of the Governor's cabinet (a group of people who give the Governor advice).
State governments of the United States 
 The members of the cabinet also keep the Governor up to date on whatever is happening in all the different executive agencies.
State governments of the United States 
 Every state government is allowed to organize its executive departments and agencies any way it wants.
State governments of the United States 
 Arizona's government gives an example of how all these people, departments, commissions, and other options might be organized.
State governments of the United States 
 State agencies (some of the largest are the Department of Corrections; Department of Health Services; Juvenile Corrections; and Department of Transportation)
State governments of the United States 
 If someone who went to a trial court thinks that court made the wrong decision, they can appeal to an appellate court.
State governments of the United States 
 If a person has already appealed to the appellate courts, and they still think the court's decision was wrong, they can appeal to the state supreme court.
State governments of the United States 
 That can only happen if the federal courts think the state supreme court made a decision that violated the Constitution.
State governments of the United States 
 Each state's constitution or legislature spells out what type of courts the state will have, how they will work, and how judges will be chosen.
List of amendments to the United States Constitution 
 Since the Constitution went into effect on March 4, 1789, twenty-seven amendments have been added to the Constitution.
List of amendments to the United States Constitution 
 Two-thirds of both the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives approve the amendment.
List of amendments to the United States Constitution 
 In total, in the past 227 years, Congress has sent only 33 amendments to the states for ratification  just about one out of every 500 suggested amendments.
List of amendments to the United States Constitution 
 The other four are still officially "pending"; they do not have enough votes to pass or fail, but they also do not have deadlines written into them.
List of amendments to the United States Constitution 
 Ten of these were officially ratified on December 15, 1791: two years, two months, and 20 days after Congress proposed them.
Kirtankhola 
 Kirtankhola () is a river that  starts from Sayeshtabad in Barisal district and ends into the Gajalia near Gabkhan khal (canal).
Separate but equal 
 Here the Court ruled that racial segregation was not in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as long as the racially separate facilities were equal.
Separate but equal 
 Segregation in public accommodations, transportation and schools was legally justified by Plessy until it was overturned in 1954 by Brown v. Board of Education.
Separate but equal 
 After the American Civil War, the Republican controlled Congress passed three amendments to the Constitution called the Reconstruction Amendments.
Separate but equal 
 The first was the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which abolished slavery in the United States.
Separate but equal 
 The second was the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which provided equal protection of the laws to all citizens.
Separate but equal 
 The third was the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that gave voting rights to African American men.
Separate but equal 
 After the passage of the reconstruction amendments, things began to get worse for black people in the South.
Separate but equal 
 There was a good deal of corruption which was made worse by carpetbaggers from the north and southern supporters of reconstruction called scalawags.
Separate but equal 
 Through the use of violence including lynching, rape, murder and terrorism, they sought to control African Americans and keep them from using their new rights.
Separate but equal 
 It guaranteed African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations, public transportation, and to prevent being excluded from jury duty.
Separate but equal 
 The bill was passed by the 43rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1875.
Separate but equal 
 Several years later, the Supreme Court ruled in Civil Rights Cases (1883) that sections of the act were unconstitutional.
Separate but equal 
 The Court's reasoning was the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited discrimination by states not by individuals.
Separate but equal 
 Florida was the first to pass a law requiring railroads to provide “equal but separate accommodations for the white, and colored, races”.
Separate but equal 
 Plessy "passed" for white and while riding on an East Louisiana train in the "white section" announced he was black and refused to move to the "colored" section.
Separate but equal 
 The case was Plessy v. Ferguson, Fergusson being the name of the Judge who first ruled against him in the New Orleans Criminal District Court.
Separate but equal 
 Plessy's lawyers argued Louisiana's Separate Car Act violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.
Separate but equal 
 The lone dissenter, Justice John Harlan, saw terrible consequences in the judicial opinion rendered by the court.
Separate but equal 
 Beginning in 1890, Southern Democrats began to pass state laws that took away the rights African Americans had gained.
Separate but equal 
 Other laws required racial segregation so blacks could not go to the same schools, restaurants or hospitals as whites.
Separate but equal 
 Many southern Christian ministers taught that whites were the chosen people and blacks were cursed by God.
Separate but equal 
 The Jim Crow era began to end after the Supreme Court’s unanimous Brown v. Board of Education decision overruled Plessy.
Berber calendar 
 The Berber calendar is a calendar used most often in the region of North Africa, to control seasonal agricultural works.
Address bus 
 The address is stored in the form of binary numbers to enable the data bus to access memory storage.
Address bus 
 Address buses are made up of a collection of wires connecting the CPU with main memory that is used to identify particular locations (addresses) in main memory.
Address bus 
 The width of the address bus (that is, the number of wires) determines how many unique memory locations can be addressed.
Address bus 
 However, the actual amount of memory that can be accessed is usually much less than this theoretical limit due to chipset and motherboard limitations.
Address bus 
 An address bus is part of the system bus architecture, which was developed to decrease costs and enhance modular integration.
Address bus 
 An individual computer contains a system bus, which connects the major components of a computer system and has three main elements, of which the address bus is one, along with the data bus and control bus.
Address bus 
 Newer computers using a 64-bit address bus with a supporting operating system can address 16 exbibytes of memory locations, which is virtually unlimited.
Drag king 
 Starting in the mid 1990s, drag kings started to have the fame and attention for which drag queens are known.
Controlled Substances Act 
 "Controlled substances" include illegal drugs, chemicals that are used to make illegal drugs, and some medications.
Controlled Substances Act 
 If a government has rules or laws about a certain drug, then that drug is called a controlled substance.
Controlled Substances Act 
 The United States Congress passed the law as part of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.
Controlled Substances Act 
 If the United States agrees to that treaty, then the CSA has to be amended (changed) to add that drug to one of the Schedules
Controlled Substances Act 
 In 1978, to include barbiturates, benzodiazepines, psychedelic drugs like LSD, and amphetamine-type stimulants
Controlled Substances Act 
 There are five different Schedules of controlled substances, numbered IV (one through five in Roman numerals).
Controlled Substances Act 
 Some states have passed laws allowing doctors to prescribe marijuana for diseases like cancer and AIDS.
Controlled Substances Act 
 They are on Schedule II instead of Schedule I because sometimes, they can be used for medical reasons.
Controlled Substances Act 
 For example, Schedule II includes cocaine, because it can stop bleeding and kill pain in the mouth, throat, and nose.
Controlled Substances Act 
 Schedule II also includes methamphetamine, because it is sometimes used to treat Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and severe obesity.
Controlled Substances Act 
 Also, the doctor must write the prescription  they cannot call or fax the prescription to the pharmacy.
Controlled Substances Act 
 These prescriptions can be refilled five times in six months without the patient needing a new prescription.
Controlled Substances Act 
 Anabolic steroids: Used to treat many medical problems, like growth failure (when a child does not grow normally)
Controlled Substances Act 
 Marinol: Man-made tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, a chemical in marijuana): Used to treat nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, and loss of appetite from AIDS
Controlled Substances Act 
 Benzodiazepines, like clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), and lorazepam (Ativan): Used to treat anxiety
Controlled Substances Act 
 Anyone can ask the DEA to add a drug, remove a drug, or change a drug to a different Schedule in the CSA.
Controlled Substances Act 
 During these investigations, the DEA gathers a lot of information, talks to different government agencies, gets the FDA's opinion, and does research.
Controlled Substances Act 
 Because all of this takes time, a federal law allows the Attorney General of the United States to put a drug on Schedule I for a year.
Controlled Substances Act 
 The law only allows this when there is "an imminent hazard" (an immediate threat) "to the public safety."
Controlled Substances Act 
 For example, in 2011, the Attorney General used this law to put synthetic cannabinoids on Schedule I.
Amicus curiae 
 An amicus curiae (literally, friend of the court; plural, amici curiae) is someone who is not a party to a case and offers information that affects the case but who has not been asked by any of the parties to assist a court.
Amicus curiae 
 It is a way to introduce concerns that might be overlooked by the parties directly involved in the case.
Amicus curiae 
 It is also used in the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon.
Amicus curiae 
 The situation most often noted in the press is when an advocacy group files a brief in a case before an appellate court to which it is not a litigant.
Amicus curiae 
 Appellate cases are normally limited to the factual record and arguments coming from the lower court case under appeal.
Amicus curiae 
 Where a case may have broader implications, amicus curiae briefs are a way to introduce those concerns, so that the possibly broad legal effects of court decisions will not depend solely on the parties directly involved in the case.
Amicus curiae 
 In the United States, for example, non-profit legal advocacy organizations, such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the Landmark Legal Foundation, the Pacific Legal Foundation, and others, frequently submit such briefs to advocate for or against a particular legal change or interpretation.
Amicus curiae 
 If a decision could affect an entire industry, companies other than the litigants may wish to have their concerns heard.
Amicus curiae 
 In the United States, federal courts often hear cases involving the constitutionality of state laws.
Amicus curiae 
 Hence states may file briefs as amici curiae when their laws are likely to be affected, as in the Supreme Court case McDonald v. Chicago, when thirty-two states under the aegis of Texas (and California independently) filed such briefs.
Amicus curiae 
 Newspaper editorials, blogs, and other opinion pieces arguably have the capability to influence Supreme Court decisions as de facto amici curiae.
Amicus curiae 
 They are not, however, technically considered amicus curiae, as they do not submit materials to the Court, do not need to ask for leave, and have no guarantee that they will be read.
Amicus curiae 
 The Supreme Court of the United States has special rules for amicus curiae briefs sought to be filed in cases pending before it.
Amicus curiae 
 Supreme Court Rule 37 states, in part, such a brief should cover "relevant matter" not dealt with by the parties which "may be of considerable help".
Amicus curiae 
 The cover of an amicus brief must identify which party the brief is supporting, or if the brief supports only affirmance or reversal.
Amicus curiae 
 The Court also requires that, inter alia, all non-governmental amici identify those providing a monetary contribution to the preparation or submission of the brief.
Amicus curiae 
 In the United States Supreme Court, unless the amicus brief is being filed by the federal government (or one of its officers or agents) or a U.S. state, permission of the court (by means of motion for leave) or mutual consent of the parties is  generally required.
Amicus curiae 
 The role of amicus curiae briefs in the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system is controversial.
Amicus curiae 
 As only WTO members have access to the system, any non-members such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are excluded and have no right to be heard.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 Henderson v. United States, 339 U.S. 816 (1950) , was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that abolished segregation in railroad dining cars.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 In the early part of the 20th century, railroads did not provide dining facilities for African-Americans.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 But public pressure in the 1930s and 1940s forced railroads to provide some kind of dining arrangement for black passengers.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 On May 17, 1942, Elmer W. Henderson, an African-American passenger, was travelling first-class on the Southern Railway from Washington, D.C. to Atlanta, Georgia.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 He was a lawyer traveling as part of his duties for President Roosevelt's Fair Employment Practice Committee.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 At about 5:30 pm, while the train was in Virginia, the first call to dinner was announced and he went promptly to the dining car.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 Under practices then in effect, the two end tables nearest the kitchen were to be reserved initially for Negroes.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 As the tables were partly occupied by white passengers (with at least one seat at them unoccupied) the dining-car steward would not seat Henderson in the dining car.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 No word was sent and he was not served, although he twice returned to the diner before it was closed at 9 pm.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 While the Commission agreed that he had suffered undue and unreasonable prejudice and disadvantage, it dismissed the occurrence as a casual incident brought about by the bad judgment of an employee.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 A three-judge United States District Court for the District of Maryland found the practice was in violation of the Interstate Commerce Act but remanded the case on February 18, 1946 back to the ICC.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 Ten tables would be exclusively for white passengers and one table of four seats would be exclusively for black passengers with a curtain drawn between this and the other tables.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 However, Henderson was not satisfied and, with the backing of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) appealed the decision to the Supreme Court.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 The US Supreme Court did not rule on the constitutionality of "separate but equal" in this instance, but did find that the railroad had failed to provide the passenger with the same level of service provided to a white passenger with the same class of ticket.
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 The Court found this violated the Interstate Commerce Act, which made it illegal for a railroad in interstate commerce “to subject any particular person… to any undue or unreasonable prejudice or disadvantage in any respect whatsoever.”
Henderson v. United States (1950) 
 With the permission of the Court, Sam Hobbs, a member of the United States House Committee on the Judiciary filed a brief as amicus curiae in support of the lower court decision.
New York International Auto Show 
 The New York International Auto Show is an annual auto show that is held in Manhattan in late March or early April.
New York International Auto Show 
 The show was held at the New York Coliseum from 1956 to 1987 when the show moved to the Javits Center.
Chiang Mai Province 
 It is bordered by Chiang Rai to the northeast, Lampang and Lamphun to the south, Tak to the southwest, Mae Hong Son to the west, and Shan State of Burma to the north.
Chiang Mai Province 
 Several other national parks are also in the province: Doi Suthep-Pui, Ob Luang, Sri Lanna, Huai Nam Dang, Mae Wang, and Pha Daeng.
Chiang Mai Province 
 In 1932, the province Chiang Mai moved up to the second level subdivision of Thailand when the administrative unit of Monthon Phayap, the remains of the Lanna Kingdom, was dissolved.
Chiang Mai Province 
 13.4% of the population in the province are members of hill tribes, among them the Hmong, Yao, Lahu, Lisu, Akha, and Karen.
Chiang Mai Province 
 Chiang Mai has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw), tempered by the low latitude and moderate elevation, with warm to hot weather year-round, though nighttime conditions during the dry season can be cool and are much lower than daytime highs.