the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Setting bail for an unreasonable amount would restrict the freedom and ability of the defendant to make a living as well as make it difficult to support his or her family.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 This clause limits the government's power to set fines, which are payments for a punishment or offense.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 A fine violates this clause if it is grossly disproportional to the nature of the defendant's offense.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 In 1993, in Austin v. United States, the United States Supreme Court ruled that this clause applied also to civil procedures.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 In doing this the Court reversed not only its own previous rulings but also those by several circuit courts of appeal.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Patrick Henry was among those who argued that prohibiting cruel and unusual punishment should be part of the Bill of Rights.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Very few would disagree that the use of rack, thumbscrews or the gibbet are cruel and unusual punishments and clearly violate the Eighth Amendment.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 But past that point it becomes controversial as to what is and what is not cruel and unusual punishment.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Representative Livermore pointed out on the floor of the House of Representatives that the wording was vague.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 He asked: "It is sometimes necessary to hang a man, villains often deserve a whipping, and perhaps having their ears cut off, but are we in the future to be prevented from inflicting those punishments because they are 'cruel'?"
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 In 1910, in Weems v. United States, the Supreme Court admitted that “what constitutes a cruel and unusual punishment has not been exactly decided.”
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 In Trop v Dulles (1958) the Court agreed with the view that what are prohibited "cruel and unusual punishments" should change over time based on punishments that offend society's "evolving sense of decency."
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Very recently the courts have been reluctant to keep the term "unusual" in their judicial interpretations.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Originalists find that evaluating whether a punishment is cruel and unusual still come under the evolving standards test and public opinion.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 In Coker v. Georgia (1977) the Supreme Court held that the death penalty is unconstitutional for those convicted of rape.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 US Soldiers who were caught waterboarding in the Philippines in 1901, or during the Vietnam War, in 1968, were put on trial.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 The Bush administration maintained it was not bound by the constitutional test outside of the United States.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Justice Antonin Scalia had said in an interview with the BBC that he did not see anything in the constitution that prohibited torture of detainees.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 At his inauguration in 2009, US President Barack Obama pledged to end “enhanced interrogation techniques” by the CIA and to close Guantánamo through executive orders.
Wernicke's area 
 The dominant hemisphere is the left in about 95% of right handed individuals, and 60% of left handed individuals.
Wernicke's area 
 As with Broca's area, Wernicke's area was discovered by autopsies of patients who had speech difficulties.
Wernicke's area 
 Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist, had a patient who could speak quite well, but was unable to understand the speech of others.
Wernicke's area 
 After the patient's death, Wernicke found damage to an area at the upper portion of the temporal lobe, just behind the auditory cortex.
Wernicke's area 
 "When you ask a person with this problem a question, they will respond with a sentence that is more or less grammatical, but which contains words that have little to do with the question or, for that matter, with each other.
Wernicke's area 
 Like Broca's area is not just about speech production, Wernicke's is not just about speech comprehension.
Wernicke's area 
 People with Wernicke's aphasia also have difficulty naming things, often responding with words that sound similar, or the names of related things, as if they are having a very hard time with their mental dictionaries".
Wernicke's area 
 Despite the fact that Broca's and Wernicke's areas are in different lobes, they are quite near each other.
Wernicke's area 
 They are connected by a tract of nerves called the arcuate fascilicus, and by another recently discovered tract.
Monoid 
 These properties are useful for various problems e.g. they allow a large set of data to be divided, processed in parallel and combined.
Monoid 
 This also works with more complex monoids, such as a map from words to the number of times they appear in a document.
Monoid 
 Character strings also form a monoid over concatenation with the empty string "" as the identity element.
Monoid 
 Examples of the two properties are "abc" + ("def" + "ghi") = ("abc" + "def") + "ghi" and "abc" + "" = ""+ "abc" = "abc".
Peter Lustig 
 Peter Fritz Willi Lustig (October 27, 1937 – February 23, 2016) was a German television presenter and author of children's books.
Peter Lustig 
 He hosted the show from 1979 up until 2006; during its first year the show was still called Pusteblume).
Ryszard Bender 
 Ryszard Janusz Bender (February 16, 1932 – February 24, 2016) was a Polish politician and historian.
Ryszard Bender 
 Bender was accused of antisemitism and Holocaust denial after he said that Auschwitz was "not a death camp" but a "labour camp".
Carlo Biotti 
 His forced removal from the case brought by the widow of Giuseppe Pinelli against the police commissioner Luigi Calabresi in 1971 became a cause célèbre.
Carlo Biotti 
 Biotti was the leading judge in the case brought by the widow of Giuseppe Pinelli against the police commissioner Luigi Calabresi.
Carlo Biotti 
 The lawyer claimed that in a private conversation Biotti had admitted that for career reasons he had already formed an opinion on the case.
Carlo Biotti 
 Neither Biotti nor his two fellow judges were convinced that Pinelli had died from falling from the police station window.
Carlo Biotti 
 His forced removal prevented the exhumation of Pinelli's body, and delayed the investigation for two years.
Carlo Biotti 
 Biotti fought for years to clear his name and in November 1974 was completely exonerated by the Court of Florence.
Carlo Biotti 
 In the 2012 film Piazza Fontana: The Italian Conspiracy, the character of Carlo Biotti is played by Bob Marchese.
Robert J. Walker (sailor) 
 Robert J. Walker (known as Bob Walker; February 2, 1929 – February 15, 2016) was an American sailor.
Player character 
 A player character or playable character (PC) is a made-up character in a role-playing or video game whose actions are chosen by a player of the game rather than the rules of the game.
Player character 
 The actions of non-player characters are generally chosen by the game itself in video games, or based on rules followed by a gamemaster in tabletop role-playing games.
Player character 
 Some games offer a group of player characters for the player to choose from, letting player control one of them at a time.
Player character 
 Where more there is more than one player character to choose, the characters may have different abilities, strengths, and weaknesses to make the gameplay different with each.
Player character 
 A player character may sometimes be based on a real person, such as in sports games that use the names and looks of real sports people.
Player character 
 Historical people and leaders may sometimes appear as characters too, such as in strategy or empire building games like Sid Meier's Civilization series.
Player character 
 These characters are avatars rather than true player characters, because the player character's name and image have little or even no effect on the game itself.
Player character 
 In role playing games such as Dungeons and Dragons or Final Fantasy, a player generally makes or chooses a character that may be nothing like themself.
Player character 
 The character is usually of a race and class (often not real) such as zombie, berserker, rifleman, elf, or cleric, each with their own strengths and weaknesses.
Player character 
 The skills of the characters (such as magic and fighting ability) are given as numbers which can be made better as the gamer plays through the game and gains experience points through doing quests or fighting enemies.
Player character 
 In many video games, the player character is a "blank slate" who has no given personality or backstory.
Player character 
 In strategy games the player character is often not shown and called by a title such as "Commander" or "General", so that the player can imagine themself in the character's job.
Player character 
 Fighting games often have a large number of player characters to choose from, with some basic moves that all or most characters can use and some special moves only used by one or a few characters.
Player character 
 Having many different characters to play with, all with different moves and abilities, makes the gameplay of fighting games more wikt:variety:varied and difficult.
Player character 
 A secret or unlockable character may be a playable character in a video game available after finishing the game or doing certain tasks.
Player character 
 In some video games, characters that are not secret but appear only as non-player characters like bosses or enemies become playable characters after beating them, doing certain other things, or sometimes cheating.
Mathematical logic 
 Mathematical logic is a field of mathematics that tries to formalize logic so that it can be used for mathematics more easily.
Greater bird-of-paradise 
 This led to the stary that these birds were beautiful visitors from paradise kept aloft by their plumes and never touched the earth until death.
Progressive National Baptist Convention 
 The Progressive National Baptist Convention, Incorporated (PNBC) is a group of African-American Baptists that supports civil rights and social justice.
Progressive National Baptist Convention 
 Since it started, the Convention now has member congregations outside of the United States, particularly in the Caribbean and Europe.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Ratified on December 15, 1791, the Ninth Amendment (Amendment IX) to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 James Madison wanted to make sure that the Bill of Rights was not seen as granting only those rights that it listed.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 What the Ninth Amendment means, simply put, is that the people of the United States have other rights besides those listed in the Constitution.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 In 1787, at the Constitutional Convention, the new Constitution had to be ratified by nine of the thirteen states.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Many people opposed the creation of a national government that would have power over the state governments.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Leading Federalists such as Patrick Henry and George Mason suggesting adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution in the form of amendments.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 On September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution and submitted them to the states for ratification.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 Originally the framers of the Bill of Rights wanted to make clear that these rights were not taken to increase the powers of the national government.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution 
 The modern interpretation, however, is that the people have rights not listed in the Bill of Rights.
Disulfiram 
 If an alcoholic takes disulfiram, they will keep craving alcohol, but will get very sick if they do drink.
Disulfiram 
 However, later studies found that when disulfiram is supervised - when someone watches an alcoholic take their disulfiram - the medication works.
Disulfiram 
 Alcoholics getting supervised disulfiram drink less, go longer periods of time without drinking, and participate more in other treatments than alcoholics getting un-supervised disulfiram.
Disulfiram 
 When [disulfiram is] used alone, without proper motivation and supportive therapy, it is unlikely that it will have any [real] effect on the drinking pattern of the chronic alcoholic.
Peter Kenilorea 
 Sir Peter Kenilorea KBE  (23 May 1943 – 24 February 2016) was a Solomon Islander politician, officially styled The Rt Hon.
Peter Kenilorea 
 He served as the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 1978 to 1981 and again from 1984 to 1986.
Rafael Iriondo 
 Rafael Iriondo Aurtenechea (24 October 1918 – 24 February 2016) was a Spanish football player and manager.
Rafael Iriondo 
 After 328 official games for Athletic with 115 goals, Iriondo moved to another team in the region, Barakaldo CF, in 1953.
Rafael Iriondo 
 He continued in his native Basque Country in the following years, with Deportivo Alavés and Barakaldo.
Root server 
 A root server is a special server in the domain name system that tells a computer what name servers to use for a single top level domain like .com or .net.
Root server 
 For example, if a person types www.google.com into a web browser, their computer will ask their ISP what the IP address for www.google.com is.
Root server 
 If the ISP's DNS server does not know (does not have it cached), it will ask a root server which DNS server can tell it the address.
Root server 
 The ISP's root server will then get the address from the DNS server that the root server tells it to.
Martin Sherman (actor) 
 Martin T. Sherman (born November 28, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor, voice director and writer who has starred in various movies and television shows as well as providing the voice for several video games.
Martin Sherman (actor) 
 He also voiced Thomas the Tank Engine from 2009 to 2015 in the British children's television series Thomas & Friends.
Cristiana Corsi 
 This includes a gold at the 2002 European Championships in Samsun, Turkey, and a silver in the 59-kg division at the 2003 Summer Universiade in Daegu, South Korea.
Cristiana Corsi 
 Corsi was also selected to compete for the Italian taekwondo team in two Olympic Games (2000 and 2004).
Yolande Fox 
 Yolande Betbeze Fox (November 29, 1928 – February 22, 2016) was an American singer and beauty pageant winner.
Yolande Fox 
 She was active in the NAACP, CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), and SANE (The Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy).
Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries 
 The Republican Party presidential primary is a process of choosing delegates, or people that represent someone, to go to the 2016 Republican National Convention.
Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries 
 People in each state will vote on who they think will be good for the presidency, and each candidate gets a certain amount of delegates based on the number of votes they receive.
Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries 
 The states/territories that voted for unpledged delegates are North Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming and Virgin Islands.
Aphelion (software) 
 The Aphelion Imaging Software Suite is a set of computer programs for image processing and image analysis.
Aphelion (software) 
 The Aphelion software product can be used to prototype applications using the graphical user interface.
Aphelion (software) 
 It provides a set of tools for programmers which have to develop software with image analysis needs.
Aphelion (software) 
 The Aphelion Imaging Software Suite is used by students, researchers, engineers, and software developers in application domains requiring image processing and computer vision, such as:
Aphelion (software) 
 All products of the Aphelion Imaging Software Suite can be run on  equipped with Windows (Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, or 10) 32 or 64 bits.
Aphelion (software) 
 Image Registration: Image registration extension to register images coming from different acquisition devices.
Aphelion (software) 
 Classification Tools: Classification extension including a « Fuzzy Logic » (fuzzy logic classification),« Neural Networks » (classification based on neural networks), and « Random Forest » (classification based on random forests, derived from the R software product)
Aphelion (software) 
 Virtual Image Capture and Virtual Image Stitcher: Two software products to capture mult-field images and stitch them into one single and very large image in the fields of optical and electron microscopy (image stitching).
Aphelion (software) 
 VisionTutor: Online image processing course including all the theory and application macro commands that are compatible with Aphelion.
Aphelion (software) 
 The Aphelion user can add his/her own macro-commands in the user interface that have been automatically recorded to process a batch of images.
Aphelion (software) 
 He/she can also add plugins and libraries in the  that have been developed outside the Aphelion environment.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 The Birmingham Children’s Crusade was a nonviolent protest in Birmingham, Alabama from May 2-5, 1963.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 This moment in history resulted in the desegregation of public facilities in Birmingham and became a launching point for March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in August 1963
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 However, this was not a spontaneous, quickly put together march to demand desegregation of the most city in America.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 The building tension of lunch counter sit-ins, boycotts, and protests nationwide called Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to return to Birmingham in April 1963 to begin the launch of “Project C.” C represented confrontation, but as always, nonviolent confrontation; ordering food at segregated lunch counters, praying in parks and steps of city halls, boycotting segregated stores, etc.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Knowing that scores of the protesters would be arrested, King hoped to overwhelm Birmingham’s jails, thus forcing Eugene "Bull" Connor, Birmingham’s Police Commissioner to desegregate the city.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Bevel, a Navy veteran who became a minister from Itta Bena, Mississippi, found deep roots in Old Testament prophets and often wore a Jewish skullcap.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 After attending a seminar led by James Lawson, a fierce pacifist who firmly believed in training students in “the struggle of racial injustice,” Bevel saw the distinction between white oppression and blacks “accepting the status quo.”
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 As cited in David Oshinsky’s article, Lawson taught, “The time had come for young people to move beyond the passivity of their elders.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Segregation would end when devoted Christians, doing God’s work on earth, led a nonviolent crusade to destroy it.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 The struggle required physical courage, unshakable conviction and a willingness to forgive those who would beat and even murder them out of ignorance and fear… they were going to love segregation to death”.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Approaching the Birmingham Children’s Crusade with this background, Bevel spoke to the young students at Saturday nonviolent training sessions, “You are responsible for segregation, you and your parents because you have not stood up… no one has the power to oppress you if you don’t cooperate.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 So, if you say you are oppressed, then you are… in league with the oppressor; now, it’s your responsibility to break the league with him”.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 The power of introducing youth into the Civil Rights Movement became a turning point and showed the vast expanse of racism and systemic segregation that had become entrenched in the culture.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Among the black community, involving children in the front lines of the national Civil Rights Movement raised a controversial topic.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 As most parents intend to do, African American parents, particularly in the South, were very protective of their children and had to educate them on the realities of racism from an early age.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Thus, allowing their children to be in the front lines of the Birmingham Children’s Crusade was certainly a barrier for young people to overcome.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Bevel dubbed it “D-Day,” a direct reference to the Normandy Invasion that led to the Allied victory in World War II.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 The morning of the movement, some children went directly to the 16th Street Baptist Church located in downtown Birmingham, but many went to school and later in the morning walked out of class; thus making more of a point in their protest.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Eventually almost a thousand school children, ages six to eighteen, congregated in Kelly Ingram Park, 16th Street Baptist Church, and Metropolitan AME Zion Church to begin their march to city hall.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 The youth were organized into groups and as each group was confronted with barricades and policemen, and subsequently arrested, another “platoon” would emerge from the church.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 This phenomenon of the seemingly countless droves of students exiting the church puzzled an officer who asked how many more children were in the church and upon hearing, “at least a thousand,” uttered, “God A’mighty.”
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 By the end of the first day, over 900 students had been arrested, and parents were discouraged from paying bail.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 As stated in OAH Magazine of History, “King was criticized for using children in the demonstrations.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 One of the most vocal criticisms came from Malcolm X who stated, ‘Real men don't put their children on the firing line.’
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 King responded by saying that the demonstrations allowed children to develop “a sense of their own stake in freedom and justice”.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Also, not coincidentally, the 16th Street Baptist Church was the church that was bombed on September 15, 1963, just four months later.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 Bull Connor authorized the use of high power fire hoses and attack dogs on the children as they again flooded the streets of downtown Birmingham.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 The fire hoses tore through the ranks of peaceful protesters, and the attack dogs dispersed the organized groups into a frenzied crowd.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 At one point during the afternoon, Connor locked the remaining 500-1000 marchers inside the 16th Street Baptist Church, mostly due to the fact that he was running out of space in the jail; precisely the goal of King and Bevel.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 “Double D-Day” is said to be the event that no other effort could do, and that unites black Birmingham to raise their voice in protest of the systemic and oppressive segregation enforced upon them by the white supremacy.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 King’s words to worried parents summed up the overall attitude of the protesters and the seriousness in which they took their task. “
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 They are suffering for what they believe, and they are suffering to make this nation a better nation”.
Birmingham Children's Crusade 
 On May 10, 1963, the protesters and the Birmingham city officials reached a settlement that desegregated all public facilities in Birmingham.