the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Venerable Order of Saint John 
 Confrères in Grade I have a plain, white, 300mm diameter Maltese cross on their sopra vests, while members of Grades II and III, plus Chaplains, have a plain garment, though the wearer's Order of St. John medallion hangs outside the vest, 152mm below the collar.
Venerable Order of Saint John 
 Clerical inductees of the order may, when officiating, wear over their cassock and surplice a tippet of black with red lining, edging, and buttons, a 76mm wide star worn on the left breast and the accordant badge suspended at the neck.
Venerable Order of Saint John 
 The Sovereign makes all appointments to the order as she, in her absolute discretion, shall think fit, though the constitution does impose certain limitations: the maximum number of members is set at 35,000,
Venerable Order of Saint John 
 "I do solemnly declare that I will be faithful and obedient to The Order of St. John and its Sovereign Head as far as it is consistent with my duty to my [Sovereign/President] and to my country; that I will do everything in my power to uphold its dignity and support its charitable works; and that I will endeavour always to uphold the aims of this Christian Order and to conduct myself as a person of honour."
Venerable Order of Saint John 
 Notwithstanding the order's devotion to Christian ideals of charity, and its official position that the order has a "Christian character," its Grand Council has since 1999 affirmed that "profession of the Christian Faith should not be a condition of membership of the Order."
Venerable Order of Saint John 
 The issue of the order's Christian character and the issue of "inclusive membership" was dealt with in the Grand Council's Pro Fide Report in 2005, wherein it was said that the order's life is shaped by Christian faith and values, but that "[r]ather than the emphasis being primarily upon 'spiritual beliefs or doctrine' it is on works of mercy rendered through St. John"; therefore, while the Great Officers are required to profess the Christian faith, the same is "not an essential condition of membership" and "[t]he onus is on the man or woman who is invited to the privilege of membership to decide whether he or she can with a good conscience promise to be faithful to the stated aims and purposes of this Christian lay order of chivalry."
Venerable Order of Saint John 
 On the subject of inclusive membership, the report stated "Christian hospitality is a criterion which can be applied to the Order's relationships to persons of other religious faiths," and "the Order needs to be characterized by a hospitable disposition towards other faith traditions while holding fast to its own origins and foundational identity in Christian faith."
Venerable Order of Saint John 
 As the Order of St. John is open to the citizens of sixteen different countries, each with their own system of orders, decorations, and medals, the order's place of precedence varies from country to country.
Venerable Order of Saint John 
 Unlike with other multi-level orders, all the Order of St. John's grades rank between the society's predecessor and successor; some examples follow:
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Jasenovac concentration camp was the largest death camp and concentration camp in the Independent State of Croatia (ISC) during World War II.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Most of the people killed at Jasenovac were ethnic Serbs, who the ISC saw as their main racial enemy.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The complex included large grounds at Donja Gradina directly across the Sava River; a children's concentration camp in Sisak; and a Stara Gradiška concentration camp.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The camp's history website says, "We cannot be sure of the exact number of victims of the Ustasha camp in Jasenovac.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The "Legal order for the defense of the people and the state" (dated April 17, 1941) ordered the death penalty for "infringement of the honour and vital interests of the Croatian people and the survival of the Independent State of Croatia."
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 (This meant that anyone who was against the government of the ISC, or the things the ISC did, could be killed.)
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 "Legal order of races" and the "Legal order of the protection of Aryan blood and the honour of the Croatian people" (dated April 30, 1941)
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 These orders were enforced through the regular court system, and through new special courts and mobile courts-martial with special powers.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 However, the ISC also used the camp for the ethnic cleansing of Romani and Serbian people in Croatia.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Schutzstaffel (SS), represented by a Gestapo official whose identity is not known, but whom Jewish witnesses knew as "Miller"
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Nazis encouraged the Ustaše's anti-Jewish and anti-Roma actions and showed support for the anti-Serb policy.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 If the Jews will be allowed to do as they will, like they are permitted in their Soviet heaven, than they will fulfill their most insane plans.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 And thus Russia became the center to the world's illness... if for any reason, one nation would endure the existence of a single Jewish family, that family would eventually become the center of a new plot.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 If there are no more Jews in Europe, nothing will hold the unification of the European nations... this sort of people cannot be integrated in the social order or into an organized nation.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The state holds this right since, while precious men die on the battlefront, it would be nothing less than criminal to spare these bastards.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 They must be expelled, or -- if they pose no threat to the public -- to be imprisoned inside concentration camps and never be released."
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The camp was built, managed and supervised by Department III of the Ustaška Narodna Služba or UNS (lit. "
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The largest number of victims were Serbs, but other victims included Jews, Bosnian Muslims, Gypsies, and Croatian resistance members opposed to the ISC regime.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 When they got to the camp, the prisoners were marked with colors: blue for Serbs, and red for "communists" (non-Serbian resistance members).
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Most people who were sent to Jasenovac were killed at execution sites near the camp: Granik, Gradina, and other places.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Prisoners who were kept alive were mostly people who had special skills (for example, doctors, pharmacists, electricians, shoemakers, and goldsmiths).
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Prisoners were fed very little, not given enough clothing or shelter to stay warm, had no health care, and were abused by the Ustaše guards.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 For example, when members of the press visited in February 1942, and later when a Red Cross delegation visited in June 1944, the prisoners were treated better until the visitors left.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Like at all Nazi death camps, the food given to prisoners at Jasenovac was not enough to keep them alive.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In camp Brocice, inmates were given a "soup" made of hot water with starch for breakfast, and beans for lunch and dinner.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 By the end of the year, the diet had been changed again, to three daily portions of thin gruel made of water and starch.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Prisoners were forced to drink water from the Sava River, which was contaminated with hren (horseradish).
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 At first, inmates slept in the attics of the camp's workshops, in an open depot used as a railway "tunnel", or simply outside in the open.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 These guards would execute inmates even for small reasons, and say the inmates were "sabotaging labor."
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 He divided the "Jasenovac labor force" into 16 groups, including groups of construction workers, brick-workers, metal-works, and agricultural workers.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 During breaks from work (from 5:00-6:00; 12:00-13:00, and 17:00-20:00), inmates were allowed to empty their bowels in public latrines.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Inmates were allowed to wash them quickly in the lake once a month, except during the winter, when the lake froze.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Because of these terrible living conditions, inmates suffered from illnesses that led to epidemics of typhus, typhoid, malaria, lung infections, influenza, dysentery, and diphtheria.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 An inmate whose bowl was missing (because another inmate had stolen it to use it as a toilet) would get no food.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Prisoners were affected by a constant fear of death, and terrible stress of being in a situation in which the living and dead are very close together.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 When they first arrived at the camp, inmates would be shocked by the terrible conditions on the trip to the camp, and in the camp itself.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Ustaše would increase this shock by murdering a number of inmates as soon as they got to the camp, and by temporarily housing new-arrivals in warehouses, attics, in the train tunnel and outdoors.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 After the inmates grew familiar with life in camp, they would have to get used to living through the hardships, abuse, torture, and deaths of other prisoners.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The danger of death was greatest during "public performances for public punishment," also called selections.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Inmates would be lined up in groups, and individuals would be randomly pointed out to be killed while facing the rest.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 They would walk around and ask questions; gaze at inmates; choose one person, then change their mind and choose another.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 They formed resistance movements (groups who tried to fight the Ustaše in different ways, like stealing food, planning escapes and revolts, and trying to get in touch with people outside the camp).
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Some could not stop thinking about food; others became paranoid; some had delusions; some lost control of themselves.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 For example, Nikola Nikolić, Djuro Schwartz, and Ilija Ivanović all tried to memorize and even write about events, dates and details.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In general, Jews were first sent to Jasenovac from all parts of Croatia after being gathered in Zagreb, and from Bosnia and Herzegovina after being gathered in Sarajevo.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Strong men who could do hard work, and were sentenced to less than 3 years in prison, were allowed to live.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 However, anyone who was sentenced to 3 years in prison or longer was immediately scheduled for execution.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Ustaše used many different kinds of systematic extermination (killing many people at once, using a system).
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 However, they liked using manual methods of killing - killing prisoners with their hands, using tools like knives, saws, and hammers.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 An engineer named Hinko Dominik Picilli made cremation much easier for them by creating seven better-working crematories.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The State Commission says "there is no information that [the Gradina crematory] ever went into operation."
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Following this example, the Ustaše tried to use poison gas to kill inmates that arrived in Stara-Gradiska.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 At first, they tried to gas the women and children that arrived from camp Djakovo with gas-vans that Simo Klaić called "green Thomas".
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 By this time, the Axis powers were expected to lose World War II, and the Ustaše wanted to kill as many people as possible before that happened.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 They decided to execute people on the ramp, so that after they were killed, their bodies could be dumped into the river.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Every night for about 20 days, Ustaše officers brought in lists of prisoners who they planned to execute.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 There, weights were tied to them; their intestines and necks were cut; they were hit in the head; and then they were thrown into the river.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Over time, the Ustaše changed this method, so that inmates were tied in pairs, back to back, and their bellies were cut open before they were tossed into the river alive.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Ustaše chose some empty areas near these villages, and used wire to mark off an area for a massacre and mass graves.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 They gathered many prisoners there and killed them with knives or by smashing their skulls with hammers.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 When Roma people (Gypsies) arrived in the camp, they did not undergo selection, because they were all scheduled to be killed.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In between massacres, the men would be forced to work on the dike, and the women would be forced to work in the cornfields in Ustice.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Ustaše killed more and more people Gradina, until it became the main killing-ground in Jasenovac.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 However, many women, children, and other people were killed at the Sava River bank between the two camps.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 According to the State Commission, as many as 50,000 people were killed here in the winter of 1941 to 1942.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The villagers had lived in the Kozara mountain area (in Bosnia), where ISC soldiers were fighting against the Yugoslav Partisans.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 On the night of August 29, 1942, the camp's guards made bets about who could kill the most prisoners.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 One of the guards, Petar Brzica, reportedly cut the throats of about 1,360 of the new prisoners, using a butcher knife that became known as srbosjek ("Serb-cutter").
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Other guards who admitted taking part in the bet included Ante Zrinušić, who killed about 600 inmates, and Mile Friganović, who gave a detailed and consistent report of what happened.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The old man refused, even though Friganović cut off his ears, nose, and tongue every time he refused.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In April 1945, as Yugoslav Partisan units neared the camp, the Ustaše guards tried to get rid of evidence of their crimes and the people who knew what they had done.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 They also blew up and destroyed the buildings, guardhouses, torture rooms, crematoriums, and other parts of the camp.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In some cases, entire families were killed at the camp, leaving no one to submit their names to lists of the dead.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 On the other hand, the lists sometimes include the names of people who died in other places; people who survived; or people who are on more than one list.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Jasenovac Memorial Area keeps a list of the names of 69,842 Jasenovac victims, including 39,580 Serbs; 14,599 Roma (Gypsies); 10,700 Jews; 3,462 Croats; 1,128 Bosniaks; and people of other ethnicities.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 However, the Memorial's former director, Simo Brdar, estimated that there were at least 360,000 total deaths.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Belgrade Museum of the Holocaust keeps a list of the names of 80,022 victims (mostly from Jasenovac), including approximately 52,000 Serbs; 16,000 Jews; 12,000 Croats; 12,000 Bosniaks; and 10,000 Roma.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In 1998, the Bosniak Institute published SFR Yugoslavia's final List of war victims from the Jasenovac camp (created in 1992).
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The list contained the names of 49,602 victims at Jasenovac, including 26,170 Serbs; 8,121 Jews; 5,900 Croats; 1471 Roma; 787 Muslims (whose nationalities are unknown); 6,792 people of unknown ethnicities; and some people listed simply as "others."
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Yad Vashem center claims that over 500,000 Serbs were killed in the Independent State of Croatia.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Jasenovac's victims included "between 45,000 and 52,000 Serb residents of the so-called Independent State of Croatia; between 12,000 and 20,000 Jews; between 15,000 and 20,000 Roma (Gypsies); and between 5,000 and 12,000 ethnic Croats and Muslims, who were political and religious opponents of the regime."
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 There are many different documents from the time that Jasenovac existed, written by many different people.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Comparing all of these different accounts can help with estimates of how many people died at the camp.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 As the war went on, German generals wrote reports on the number of Serbs, Jews, and others killed in the Independent State of Croatia.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 "When prominent Ustashi [Ustaše] leaders claimed that they slaughtered a million Serbs (including babies, children, women and old men), that is, in my opinion, a boastful exaggeration.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 On the basis of the reports submitted to me, I believe that the number of defenseless victims slaughtered to be three quarters of a million. (
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Vjekoslav "Maks" Luburić, commander-in-chief of all the Croatian camps, once bragged about Jasenovac's "efficiency."
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 At a ceremony on October 9, 1942 - just a year after the camp was created - he said: "We have slaughtered here at Jasenovac more people than the Ottoman Empire was able to do during its occupation of Europe."
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Ustaše general headquarters once published a pamphlet that said: "the concentration and labor camp in Jasenovac can receive an unlimited number of internees [prisoners]."
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Finally, Miroslav Filipovic-Majstorovic, once captured by Yugoslav forces, tried to minimize the crimes committed in Jasenovac by saying that during the three months that he ran the camp, 20,000 to 30,000 people died.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In 1945, the new Yugoslavian government, led by Tito, paid for a report by the National Committee of Croatia.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The report, dated November 15, 1945, stated that 500,000 to 600,000 people were killed at the Jasenovac complex.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 These figures were used by researcher Israel Gutman in the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust; by the Simon Wiesenthal Center; and by others.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The camp's size: Jasenovac was a complex of various camps, including Krapje and Brocice, Ciglana, Stara-Gradiska, Sisak, Djakovo, Jablanac, Mlaka, Draksenic, Gradina and Ustice, Dubica, Kosutarica, and Jasenovac's tannery.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In the list of names found in the Jasenovac memorial, only 4000 victims are from Stara-Gradiska, where inmates were killed with poison gas as early as 1942.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 However, deaths from illness and individual killings continued (any guard could still kill any inmate at any time).
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Kulmhof and Bełżec extermination camps were both small, and both existed for a much shorter period of time.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The camp's population: Jasenovac was used as a death camp for Serbs, Jews, Roma, Sinti, Slovens, and people of other ethnicities.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Also, crematories were built in Jasenovac as far back as January 1942, because the Ustaše were having trouble burying all of the camp's dead bodies.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In addition, later that year, prisoners were being killed with poison gas in Stara-Gradiska, in both gas chambers and vans.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 He was nicknamed Fra Sotona (brother devil) because he was very cruel and because his family was Christian.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 This means he was responsible for all crimes committed under his supervision in Jasenovac, which he visited a few times a month.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 His name was on a list of 59 Nazis living in the U.S., which a Jewish organization gave to the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service during the 1970s.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 In November 1991, Simo Brdar, a former associate director of the Memorial, collected the documentation from the museum and brought it to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Brdar kept the documents until 2001, when he gave them to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, with the help of SFOR and the government of Republika Srpska.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 With the help of former U.S. Congressman Anthony Weiner, the New York City Parks Department, the Holocaust Park Committee, and the Jasenovac Research Institute created a public monument to the victims of Jasenovac in April 2005 (on the sixtieth anniversary of the camp's liberation).
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Ten Yugoslavian Holocaust survivors were there, along with diplomats from Serbia, Bosnia, and Israel.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 The Yugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican, Vladimir Dedijer (Editor), Harvey Kendall (Translator) Prometheus Books, 1992.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Witness to Jasenovac's Hell Ilija Ivanovic, Wanda Schindley (Editor), Aleksandra Lazic (Translator) Dallas Publishing, 2002
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Crimes in the Jasenovac Camp, State Commission investigation of crimes of the occupiers and their collaborators in Croatia, Zagreb, 1946.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Ustashi and the Independent State of Croatia 1941-1945, by Fikreta Jelic-Butic, Liber, Zagreb, 1977.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Die Besatzungszeit das Genozid in Jugoslawien 1941-1945 by Vladimir Umeljic, Graphics High Publishing, Los Angeles, 1994.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Srbi i genocidni XX vek (Serbs and XX century, Ages of Genocide) by Vladimir Umeljić, (vol 1, vol 2), Magne, Belgrade, 2004.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Kaputt, by Curzio Malaparte, translated by Cesare Foligno, Northwestern University Press Evanston, Illinois, 1999.
Jasenovac concentration camp 
 Der kroatische Ustascha-Staat 1941-1945, by Ladislaus Hory and Martin Broszat, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1964.
Geshe Sonam Rinchen 
 In 1945, he joined Dhargyey Monastery, and entered Sera monastery in Lhasa in 1952, where he studied until he was forced to leave Tibet in 1959.
Geshe Sonam Rinchen 
 He also received the degree of Acarya from the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies in Sarnath.
Geshe Sonam Rinchen 
 He was appointed resident teacher at the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala, India in 1978, where he teaches Buddhist philosophy and practice, mainly to westerners.
Geshe Sonam Rinchen 
 He has also taught in Japan, Australia, Great Britain, South Korea, Ireland, New Zealand and Switzerland.
Geshe Acharya Thubten Loden 
 Geshe Loden established the Peaceful Land of Joy Meditation Centre in Victoria, and has written many books.
Geshe Acharya Thubten Loden 
 Completing his study of all divisions of Buddhist philosophy, he was awarded the Geshe Lharampa degree from Sera Monastery in Tibet, and an Acharya degree from Varanasi's Sanskrit university in India.
Geshe Acharya Thubten Loden 
 He also gained a Master's qualification in Vajrayana Buddhism after six years' study at Gyudmed Tantric College.
Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition 
 The FPMT (Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition) is a group of Buddhist centers focusing on the Gelugpa tradition of Tibet.