the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Milgram experiment 
 In fact, in Milgram's first set of experiments, 65 percent (26 of 40) of participants gave the final massive 450-volt shock, and all gave a shock of at least 300 volts.
Milgram experiment 
 If the experimenter gave the orders over the telephone, only around 21% of subjects obeyed until the end.
Milgram experiment 
 The subject was joined by an actor who played the role of an assistant who questioned and turned against the experimenter.
Milgram experiment 
 This is the idea that people become obedient when they see themselves as being "agents" who are doing the work of another person.
Milgram experiment 
 One of the main reasons why many subjects continued with the experiment was that they were told that would not be held responsible for any damage that was done to the learner.
Milgram experiment 
 "[People] have learned that when experts tell them something is all right, it probably is, even if it does not seem so.
Milgram experiment 
 In fact, it is worth noting that in this case the experimenter was indeed correct: it was all right to continue giving the "shocks" — even though most of the subjects did not suspect the reason".
Milgram experiment 
 Some researchers argued that the experiments do not fully answer the question as to why apparently normal people commit atrocities in wartime.
Milgram experiment 
 For example, the subjects were being told that the shocks would cause no major harm to the learner, whereas those who caused events like the Holocaust knew full well that they were committing murder.
Milgram experiment 
 In the graphic novel V for Vendetta Dr. Surridge said that he has lost faith in humanity because of the experiment.
Page-boy 
 A different meaning of "page boy", but based on the same idea of one who serves, is for a young boy who helps the bride at a wedding.
Page-boy 
 In the Christmas carol "Good King Wenceslas" we hear about the King's page:  "Hither, page, and stand by me, if thou know'st it, telling...."
Page-boy 
 During the Renaissance and after it became fashionable for black boys and young men to be decorative pages.
Carlos Clos Gómez 
 Clos Gomez refereed a Europa League match between Motherwell F.C. and Steaua Bucharest in which he was criticised by Motherwell manager Jim Gannon.
Carlos Clos Gómez 
 In 2008, Clos Gomez was forced to abandon a match between Real Betis and Atletico Bilbao after a player was struck by a bottle thrown from the crowd.
Carlos Clos Gómez 
 On 13th March 2010, FC Barcelona's coach Josep Guardiola accused Clos Gomez of lying on the final report.
Free fall 
 Free fall is what happens when an object is let to fall on its own without propulsion or resistance.
Free fall 
 Someone who is standing is not in free fall, but someone jumping from an airplane is, until air resistance builds up, ending in terminal velocity.
Free fall 
 Spacecraft are in free fall when their engine is not on and they are not sitting somewhere, which means most of the time.
Free fall 
 In most mathematical calculations the acceleration due to gravity (g) is 9.81 Newton (unit) per kilogram.
Essjay controversy 
 The Essjay controversy is about a well known Wikipedia administrator and salaried Wikia worker, Essjay, who later said he was Ryan Jordan.
Essjay controversy 
 In February 2007, Essjay was discovered to have made false claims about his school certificates and job experiences on his Wikipedia user page and to news reporter Stacy Schiff during a report for The New Yorker.
Essjay controversy 
 Many articles and comments were made in electronic, print, and broadcast media; the Wikipedia community checked Essjay's article changes to check for errors and debated proposals to improve the project's handling of personal identification.
Essjay controversy 
 In his activities as an editor, Essjay had spent less time changing the content of articles and more time addressing vandalism and resolving editorial disputes.
Essjay controversy 
 Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales supported Essjay's use of an identity, saying, "I regard it as a pseudonym and I don’t really have a problem with it."
Essjay controversy 
 Wales stated that he withdrew his support when he learned "that EssJay used his false credentials in content disputes" on Wikipedia.
Essjay controversy 
 Stacy Schiff, a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter writing for The New Yorker, interviewed Essjay as a source for an article about Wikipedia. ("
Essjay controversy 
 Know It All"; July 31, 2006) He was suggested for this to her by a member of the Wikimedia Foundation.
Essjay controversy 
 The New Yorker, said Essjay "was willing to describe his work as a Wikipedia administrator but would not identify himself other than by confirming the biographical details that appeared on his user page."
Essjay controversy 
 During the interview, Jordan told The New Yorker and had said on his Wikipedia user page that he had doctoral degrees in theology and canon law.
Essjay controversy 
 The New Yorker published a correction in February 2007, which brought the issue to broader public attention.
Essjay controversy 
 The article also said he was careful to keep his online life a secret from his co-workers and friends.
Essjay controversy 
 Essjay was pictured as taking his laptop to class so he could be available to other Wikipedians while giving a quiz.
Essjay controversy 
 Essjay said that he had sent an email to a college professor using his false persona's credentials, telling for Wikipedia's accuracy.
Essjay controversy 
 In the message he wrote in part, "I am an administrator of the online encyclopedia project Wikipedia.
Essjay controversy 
 I am also a tenured professor of theology; feel free to have a look at my Wikipedia userpage (linked below) to gain an idea of my background and credentials."
Essjay controversy 
 When Essjay was hired by Wikia in January 2007, he made changes to his Wikia profile and "came clean on who he really was," showing himself as Ryan Jordan.
Essjay controversy 
 Other Wikipedia editors asked Essjay questions on his Wikipedia talk page about the difference between his new Wikia profile and his previously claimed credentials.
Essjay controversy 
 He later said on his Wikipedia user page about having fooled Schiff by "doing a good job playing the part."
Essjay controversy 
 Social activist and Wikipedia critic Daniel Brandt then told "The New Yorker" about the difference in profiles.
Essjay controversy 
 In late February 2007 the magazine updated its article with a change (correction) saying that "Essjay now says that his real name is Ryan Jordan, that he is twenty-four and holds no advanced degrees, and that he has never taught."
Essjay controversy 
 On March 3, 2007, Andrew Lih, Assistant Professor and Director of Technology Journalism and of the Media Studies Centre at the University of Hong Kong, said on his blog that a part of Essjay's comments on the incident entered "the dangerous domain of defamation and libel" against Stacy Schiff.
Essjay controversy 
 Lih quoted Essjay as writing on his Wikipedia talk page: "Further, she [Schiff] made several offers to compensate me for my time, and my response was that if she truly felt the need to do so, she should donate to the Foundation instead."
Essjay controversy 
 Lih wrote that he contacted Schiff for comment about whether she had offered to pay Essjay for his time and quoted her return email.
Essjay controversy 
 While most editors opposed at least some of his actions, responses ranged from offering complete support to accusing Jordan of fraud.
Essjay controversy 
 As the controversy went further, the Wikipedia community began looking at Essjay's previous changes.
Essjay controversy 
 "People have gone through his edits and found places where he was basically cashing in on his fake credentials to bolster his arguments," said Michael Snow, a Wikipedia administrator and founder of the Wikipedia community newspaper, The Wikipedia Signpost. "
Essjay controversy 
 For instance, Essjay had recommended sources such as Catholicism for Dummies, a book granted the nihil obstat and imprimatur by the Roman Catholic Church.
Essjay controversy 
 Essjay defended his use of the book by telling fellow Wikipedia editors in a disagreement over the editing of the article Imprimatur: "This is a text I often require for my students, and I would hang my own PhD on it’s  credibility."
Essjay controversy 
 I don't think this incident exposes any inherent weakness in Wikipedia, but it does expose a weakness that we will be working to address," Wales added.
Essjay controversy 
 We always prefer to give a positive incentive rather than absolute prohibition, so that people can contribute without a lot of hassle", Wales commented.
Essjay controversy 
 However, he also warned that "It's always inappropriate to try to win an argument by flashing your credentials, and even more so if those credentials are inaccurate".
Essjay controversy 
 Wales argued "contributors to the site who claim certain credentials will soon have to prove they really have them."
Essjay controversy 
 However, Florence Devouard, chair of the Wikimedia Foundation, was not supportive of his credential suggestion, saying, "I think what matters is the quality of the content, which we can improve by enforcing policies such as 'cite your source,' not the quality of credentials showed by an editor."
Essjay controversy 
 A formal suggestion that users saying to have qualification would have to give something to prove they really do have them, before using them was rejected by the Wikipedia community, like all previous such suggestions.
Essjay controversy 
 As a follow-up to his first comments to The New Yorker, Wales wrote this apology to the magazine, which showed in its March 19, 2007 issue:
Essjay controversy 
 Andrew Orlowski, a Wikipedia critic and writer for The Register—a British technology news and opinion website—criticized Jimmy Wales for hiring Essjay at the venture-capital-funded 'Wikia' and for making him a member on the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee.
Essjay controversy 
 Essjay had admitted his stated academic and professional credentials were false before he was made a member.
Essjay controversy 
 Ratcliffe asked "why lying about one's background qualifies a person to work for a company like Wikia, which proposes to help communities to record accurate information" and asked for additional details "such as when he fired Jordan and the reasons for the firing, as well as when he endorsed Jordan in public statements."
Essjay controversy 
 Larry Sanger, editor-in-chief of online encyclopedia Citizendium, and a co-founder of Wikipedia who quit the project in 2002, called Essjay's response "a defiant non-apology" and elsewhere stated Essjay's actions as "identity fraud."
Essjay controversy 
 Showing comments by Essjay on his Wikipedia talk pages, Sanger stated that other members of Wikipedia management, including Angela Beesley (co-founder of Wikia and a member of Wikimedia Foundation's Communications Committee) and Brad Patrick (legal counsel for the Wikimedia Foundation) had worked in hiring Jordan when they knew of the identity difference.
Essjay controversy 
 That "Only after these sad facts were publicly made aware, only after there was a response, did Jimmy Wales decide to ask for Essjay’s to quit."
Essjay controversy 
 Seth Finkelstein (Internet activist) stated that Wikipedia "fundamentally runs by an extremely deceptive sort of social promise" to its editors — that they will gain academic prestige by contributing to an on-line encyclopedia.
Essjay controversy 
 Finkelstein said Essjay was a product of that deceptive system, and was "that dream’s poster child."
Essjay controversy 
 BusinessWeek commented on proposals for credential verification: "Sadly, not everyone who posts to Wikipedia is concerned with the Ten Commandments.
Essjay controversy 
 We live in an age of fake IDs, fake money, fake e-mails, fake URLs, fake IP addresses, and fake votes..." However, the article argued that Wikipedia could not become a "net police" of reliability on the Internet.
Essjay controversy 
 Steve Maich (journalist, Maclean's) stated that the controversy could damage Wikipedia's future as a media business operation, observing that Wikipedia's model was supposedly built upon trust and credibility.
Essjay controversy 
 ITworld commented on Wikipedia contributors: "Legitimate writers, scholars and industry experts have very little motivation to contribute to Wikipedia—leaving the project with wannabes and posers like Essjay with too much time on their hands to churn out content."
Essjay controversy 
 Andrew Keen (author, Cult of the Amateur) stated the controversy as an example of ignoring expert guidance in favor of the "dictatorship of idiots."
Essjay controversy 
 L. Brent Bozell III (president, Media Research Center) commented that "off-setting and off-putting material" can be added to Wikipedia to create "intellectual mischief."
Essjay controversy 
 Alex Beam (columnist, Boston Globe) criticized the Essjay affair as being part of what he characterizes as the problems of "crowdsourcing" and the "wisdom of crowds," stating also that the crowd accepts authority unquestioningly: "Who would you rather have write your encyclopedia entries?
Essjay controversy 
 Cassandra Jardine (columnist, The Daily Telegraph) stated that Essjay was "hooked on 'Wiki crack'—devotees' jargon for the thrill of seeing your efforts debated."
Essjay controversy 
 She further observed that "Essjay has provided a reminder that any given entry could have been written by someone as ignorant as ourselves.
Essjay controversy 
 On the other hand, no one has taken issue with his edits, only his assumed persona, so perhaps the real lesson of this democratic medium is that college drop-outs might be as authoritative as professors."
Essjay controversy 
 Following the media broadcast of the Essjay controversy, a number of people noted the damage to the credibility of Wikipedia.
Essjay controversy 
 On March 2, 2007, a report in The Chronicle of Higher Education commented "the incident is clearly damaging to Wikipedia's credibility—especially with professors who will now note that one of the site's most visible academics has turned out to be a fraud."
Essjay controversy 
 Ross Brann, a professor of Judeo-Islamic classes at Cornell University in Ithaca, stated that Wikipedia is without a way to expertly review, saying, "They could make up your life if they wanted to."
Essjay controversy 
 Brann also said that Wikipedia "has no place in the University," and he believed the Essjay incident would do nothing to change the negative opinion that academics generally hold about the online encyclopedia.
Essjay controversy 
 Students at Cornell stated that they may continue to use Wikipedia as a quick source of information, though they would not cite it in scholarly work.
Cernunnos 
 Cernunnos (also spelt as Cernenus and Cern) is a Pagan Celtic God from the ancient Celtic lands of western Europe.
Cernunnos 
 Everything that we know about Cernunnos comes from two pictures; one from France, and one from Germany.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 The gameplay of the Pokémon series of role-playing video games involves the capture and training of a variety of fictional creatures called "Pokémon" and using them to battle other trainers.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Every generation of games follows this concept by introducing new Pokémon, items, and gameplay concepts.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Some of the general concepts were featured elsewhere before being introduced in the games; double battles appeared in the anime long before appearing in the games, and Pokémon abilities are similar to the Pokémon Powers introduced in the Pokémon Trading Card Game.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Pokémon can be found in the wild, in dark grass, caves, forests, ponds, the ocean, and even underwater.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Pokémon have six statistics (HP, Attack, Defense, Special Attack, Special Defense, and Speed) which all affect how they perform in battles.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Before Pokémon Gold and Silver were released, the "Special Attack" and "Special Defense" stats were combined into one statistic, "Special."
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 An example is the ability "Overgrow" which increases the power of Grass-type moves when a Pokémon's health is below 1/3 of its full amount.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Pokémon Gyms are buildings where the player faces a Gym Leader, who focuses one of the 18 types of Pokémon.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Example: Eevee can evolve into Leafeon if it gains a level near a Moss Rock in Eterna Forest (Sinnoh) or Pinwheel Forest (Unova), or Glaceon if it gains a level near an Ice Rock at Route 217 (Sinnoh) or Twist Mountain (Unova).
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Example: Happiny can evolve into Chansey if it gains a level while holding an Oval Stone during the day.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Example: Scyther only evolves into Scizor if it is traded to a friend when it is holding the item Metal Coat.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Example: Clamperl will evolve into Huntail or Gorebyss if it is traded while holding the Deepseatooth or Deepseascale, respectively.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Example: Karrablast and Shelmet will both evolve into Escavalier and Accelgor (respectively) when traded with each other.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Whenever the player character in the game walks 100 steps, gives their Pokémon a vitamin such as Protein, Iron, Carbos, Calcium, or Zinc, training it until it gains a level, or when the character does something else to make it happy, it will gain happiness points.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Once a Pokémon has reached a certain happiness level, it will evolve after it is leveled once, sometimes depending on the time of day:
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Example: Eevee evolves into either Espeon or Umbreon if its happiness rating is maxed out; into Espeon if this happens during the day, or Umbreon if it happens during the night.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 However, such day-and-night distinction exists only in the second-generation games and the generations that follow (but not in Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen).
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Many different forms of it exist, such as the Great Ball, the Ultra Ball, the Heavy Ball, the Net Ball, the Dive Ball, the Friend Ball, and the Master Ball (which can catch any Pokémon without fail).
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 These regions include the Unova region, the Sinnoh region, the Hoenn region, the Johto region and the Kanto region.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Different Pokémon are caught in different regions and some Pokémon can only be caught in certain regions, such as Xerneas in the Kalos Region.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 If you KO a legendary, it will usually leave and will never be found again unless the game is restarted or the Elite Four is defeated again.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Some examples would be a yellow Bulbasaur (they are usually greenish-blue) or a red Gyarados (they are usually blue).
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 They are extremely rare; there is only a 1 in 4,096 chance of an encountered Pokémon being shiny, but there are ways to improve your chances of obtaining one, which vary per game.
Gameplay of Pokémon 
 Some Pokemon in the same evolution line have different shiny colors, even if their regular colors are the same.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 Star Wars: Dark Forces is a first-person shooter computer game which takes place in the Star Wars universe.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 It came out in 1995 for MS-DOS and Apple Macintosh, and a version was later made for Sony Playstation.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 The player controls Kyle Katarn, who was once a stormtrooper for the Galactic Empire but left the Empire to become a mercenary.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 The game's story is about Kyle finding and stopping an Imperial weapons program called the Dark Trooper Project.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 Many things in the game are taken from the original Star Wars trilogy movies, such as several weapons and most of the game's enemies, but some things were made just for Dark Forces.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 Many of the planets that the levels take place on were created for Dark Forces, but a few of them are from Star Wars books.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 Much of the gameplay is about fighting and shooting enemies, but there are also many puzzles to solve to move through the missions.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 The game can be controlled with keys on the keyboard, and also a mouse can be used to run, turn, and shoot.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 Katarn's pilot drops him off and picks him up, but he goes through the missions alone without any help.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 Most of the weapons shoot blaster bolts or other projectiles, but the player can also throw thermal detonators like grenades.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 Also, before each mission the player is given a briefing which talks about what is happening in the story and what the mission goals are.
Star Wars: Dark Forces 
 The Dark Trooper project is a plot to create new robotic Stormtroopers that are very powerful and dangerous.
Fernando de Herrera 
 Fernando de Herrera (~1534–1597) called "El Divino" was a 16th-century Spanish poet and man of letters.
Fernando de Herrera 
 Much of what is known about him comes from the book Libro de descripción de verdaderos retratos de illustres y memorables varones (Book of the Description of the True Portraits of Illustrious and Memorable Men), which was written in 1599 by Francisco Pacheco.
Juan Ruiz de Alarcón 
 Real de Taxco, now in Guerrero - August 4, 1639), was one of the greatest Novohispanic dramatists of the Golden Age.
Candan Erçetin 
 She studied at Lycée de Galatasaray, and completed Istanbul University with a degree in Archaeology.
Candan Erçetin 
 She represented Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986 which held in Bergen, Norway as a member of Klips ve Onlar with the song "Halley" instead of Seden Gürel, who was the member of the group and did not go to Norway with it due to her final exams of Architecture Department of İTÜ.
Candan Erçetin 
 Presently, as well as continuing her stage performance, she also works as a lecturer at Galatasaray University.
Tomoyuki Hirase 
 After graduating from Kagoshima Jitsugyo High School, he joined J1 League club Kashima Antlers in 1996.
C.A. San Lorenzo de Almagro 
 San Lorenzo is also considered one of the "big five" ("Los 5 Grandes") of Argentine football by Argentinian press, with Independiente, River Plate, Boca Juniors, and Racing Club.
C.A. San Lorenzo de Almagro 
 1933, 1936 (Copa de Honor), 1946, 1959, 1968 Metropolitano, 1972 Metropolitano, 1972 Nacional, 1974 Nacional, 1995 Clausura, 2001 Clausura, 2007 Clausura, 2013 Inicial
Racing Club 
 This team is now playing in the Primera División, the top division of Argentine football league system.
Racing Club 
 Racing Club is also known as one of "big five" ("Los 5 Grandes") of Argentine football, with Independiente, River Plate, Boca Juniors, and San Lorenzo.
Racing Club 
 Primera División (17): 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1921, 1925, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1958, 1961, 1966, 2001 Apertura, 2014
C.A. Huracán 
 Club Atlético Huracán  is a sports club from the Parque Patricios neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
C.A. Huracán 
 The football team currently plays in the Primera A, the first level of the Argentine football league system.
C.A. Huracán 
 The club's name and nickname (Globo, literally "Balloon") come from the Huracán balloon flied by Jorge Newbery in 1909.
C.A. Huracán 
 Apart from that, club supporters are called los Quemeros ("the Burners") because the stadium is in a former garbage burning area.
C.A. Huracán 
 During the professional era, Huracán won the Primera División title just once (the 1973 Metropolitano), and obtained 4 titles during the amateur era (in 1921, 1922, 1925 and 1928).
C.A. Huracán 
 Moreover, Huracán has finished as runner-up of the first division 5 times during professionalism (the last one in the 2009 Clausura).
C.A. Huracán 
 Though officially founded in 1908, there are documents that tell about a previous foundation on May 25, 1903.
C.A. Huracán 
 During the amateur era of Argentine football (1891–1930), Huracán won four championships (1921, 1922, 1925 and 1928).