the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Kanbun (era) 
 5 March 1663 (Kanbun 3, 26th day of the 1st month):  Emperor Go-sai abdicated; and his younger brother received the succession (senso).
Kanbun (era) 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Belgium at the Olympics 
 Belgian athletes have won 142 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, and another five at the Winter Olympic Games.
Treyarch 
 As part of the 2007 Leipzig Games Convention, Activision announced that Treyarch would be one of three developers making their first James Bond game, Quantum of Solace.
Treyarch 
 They have made Call of Duty 2: Big Red One, Call of Duty 3, Call of Duty: World at War, and Call of Duty: Black Ops.
Treyarch 
 Call of Duty: Black Ops had the record for the biggest entertainment release ever for any kind of entertainment.
Treyarch 
 It broke the record during the first day it was sold Sales from the game worldwide reached US $650 million within five days after its release.
Enpō 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Roderick MacKinnon 
 Roderick MacKinnon (born 19 February 1956) is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Peter Agre in 2003 for his work on the structure and operation of ion channels.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 MacKinnon was born in Burlington, Massachusetts and initially attended the University of Massachusetts Boston.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 MacKinnon then transferred to Brandeis University after one year, and there he received a bachelor's degree in biochemistry in 1978, studying calcium transport through the cell membrane for his honors thesis in Christopher Miller's laboratory.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 He got his M.D. in 1982 and received training in Internal Medicine at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 He did not feel satisfied enough with the medical profession, so in 1986 he returned to Christopher Miller's laboratory at Brandeis for postdoctoral studies.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 In 1989 he was appointed assistant professor at Harvard University where he studied the interaction of the potassium channel with a specific toxin taken from scorpion venom.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 In 1996, he moved to Rockefeller University as a professor and head of the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 Potassium channels demonstrate a seemingly strange activity: they permit the passage of potassium ions, whereas they do not allow the passage of the much smaller sodium ions.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 Before MacKinnon's work, the detailed molecular architecture of potassium channels and the exact means by which they conduct ions remained speculative.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 In 1998, despite barriers to the structural study of integral membrane proteins that had stopped most attempts for decades, MacKinnon and colleagues determined the three-dimensional molecular structure of a potassium channel from bacteria utilizing X-ray crystallography.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 With this structure and other biochemical experiments, MacKinnon and colleagues were able to explain the exact mechanism by which potassium channel selectivity occurs.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 His prize-winning research was conducted primarily at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) of Cornell University, and at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Roderick MacKinnon 
 Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
Roderick MacKinnon 
 Ion Channel Chemistry: The Electrical System of Life Transcribed video of a May 2008 talk by MacKinnon, sponsored by the Oregon State University Libraries.
Gamophobia 
 Gamophobia (prounced 'ga-me-PHO-bia', from the Greek 'gamo' meaning 'marriage') is the fear of getting married, being in a relationship, or commitment.
Gamophobia 
 The opposite of 'gamophobia' is 'anuptaphobia'-it is the fear of not being in a relationship (to be single or alone).
Gamophobia 
 A person who has gamophobia may like or love a person, but when he or she finds out about that person liking them back and attempting to be together, there is a possibility that their  would change to hate.
Gamophobia 
 The inability to allow oneself to  be vulnerable and show their 'bad parts' has a personality disorder.
Gamophobia 
 When the individual displays reaction formation (love to hate) this is a neurotic defense mechanism.
Cluny Abbey 
 Soon the place was noted because it followed the Rule of St. Benedict more strictly than the place where the rule was developed, that is Subiaco in Italy.
Cluny Abbey 
 The abbey also started the Cluniac Reforms, and was subject only to the pope, Sergius III at the time.
Cluny Abbey 
 Dating around 1334, the abbots of Cluny had a townhouse in Paris known as the Hôtel de Cluny, what is now a public museum since 1833.
Irish rebellion of 1798 
 However, it never gained much traction due to its alliance with anti-Catholic France, because Ireland was primarily Catholic.
Irish rebellion of 1798 
 Despite the British government's anti-Catholicism, most Irish Catholics supported the Crown as the lesser of two evils because of the issue of Revolutionary France's involvement.
Irish rebellion of 1798 
 Between 10.000 and 50.000 people died as casualties on the Irish side, between 500 and 2000 on the English side.
Volcanic winter 
 When they reach the stratosphere more sunlight is reflected, and some is absorbed by the stratosphere.
Volcanic winter 
 The Siberian Traps, Emeishan Traps, and Deccan Traps are huge flood basalt provinces caused by volcanism.
Volcanic winter 
 They are the cause, or part of the cause, of several mass extinctions, especially the Permian–Triassic extinction event.
Volcanic winter 
 The effects of recent volcanic eruptions on winters are modest in scale but historically their effects have been significant.
Volcanic winter 
 Most recently, the 1991 explosion of Mount Pinatubo, a stratovolcano in the Philippines, cooled global temperatures for about 2–3 years.
Volcanic winter 
 The next four years after the explosion were unusually cold, and the winter of 1887 to 1888 included powerful blizzards.
Volcanic winter 
 The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, a stratovolcano in Indonesia, occasioned mid-summer frosts in New York State and June snowfalls in New England and Newfoundland and Labrador in what came to be known as the "Year without a Summer" of 1816.
Volcanic winter 
 A paper written by Benjamin Franklin in the 1780s blamed the unusually cool summer of 1783 on volcanic dust coming from Iceland, where the eruption of Laki volcano had released enormous amounts of sulfur dioxide, resulting in the death of much of the island's livestock and a catastrophic famine which killed a quarter of the population.
Volcanic winter 
 Temperatures in the northern hemisphere dropped by about 1 °C in the year following the Laki eruption.
Volcanic winter 
 The Great Famine of 1315–1317 in Europe may have been precipitated by a volcanic event, perhaps that of Kaharoa, New Zealand, which lasted about five years.
4Minute 
 One means that each of its member will attract audiences in 4 minutes and this is why all of their songs are shorter than 4 minutes.
4Minute 
 Nam Ji-hyun is best in dance, Heo Ga-yoon in drama, Jeon Ji-yoon in music and Kim Hyun-ah is best in the Department of Theater and Film.
4Minute 
 In 2011, the group released its first Korean full-length album, 4Minutes Left with the title track "Mirror Mirror" and the following years they have promoted 2 more mini albums and 2 chart topping hits "Volume Up" and "What's Your Name"
4Minute 
 The group received the Bonsang Award at the 20th Seoul Music Awards, and the Kpop New Artist Award at the 2010 Billboard Japan Music Awards.
Tristania 
 The album World of Glass (2001) is a mix of gothic rock, gothic metal, alternative rock, symphonic metal and folk metal.
Ken Park 
 The movie was not rated by the MPAA but is similar to an NC-17 due to foul language and strong sexual material involving minors.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 The cosmic distance ladder (also known as the extragalactic distance scale) is the way astronomers measure the distance of objects in space.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 A real direct distance measurement of an astronomical object is possible only for those objects that are close enough to Earth (within about a thousand parsecs).
Cosmic distance ladder 
 Several methods rely on a standard candle, which is an astronomical object that has a known standard luminosity.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 The ladder analogy arises because no one technique can measure distances at all ranges encountered in astronomy.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 Instead, one method can be used to measure nearby distances, a second can be used to measure nearby to intermediate distances, and so on.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 Each rung of the ladder provides information that can be used to determine the distances at the next higher rung.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 Kepler's Laws tell the ratios of the distances of planets, and radar tells the absolute distance to inner planets and artificial satellites in orbit around them.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 As the Earth orbits around the Sun, the position of nearby stars will appear to shift slightly against the more distant background.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 These shifts are angles in a right triangle, with 2 AU making the short leg of the triangle and the distance to the star being the long leg.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 The amount of shift is quite small, measuring 1 arcsecond for an object at a distance of 1 parsec (3.26 light-years)
Cosmic distance ladder 
 By comparing the known luminosity of the latter to its observed brightness, the distance to the object can be computed using the inverse-square law.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 This quantity is derived from the logarithm of its luminosity as seen from a distance of 10 parsecs.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 It can be used to determine the distance D to the object in kiloparsecs (kiloparsec = 1,000 parsecs) as follows:
Cosmic distance ladder 
 For this to be accurate, both magnitudes must be in the same frequency band and there can be no relative motion in the radial direction.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 Some means of accounting for interstellar extinction, which also makes objects appear fainter and more red, is also needed.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 The difference between absolute and apparent magnitudes is called the distance modulus, and astronomical distances, especially intergalactic ones, are sometimes tabulated in this way.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 At extreme distances, which is where one most wishes to use a distance indicator, this recognition problem can be quite serious.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 For example, all observations seem to indicate that Type Ia supernovae that are of known distance have the same brightness, but it's possible that distant Type Ia supernovae have different properties than nearby Type Ia supernovae.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 With few exceptions, distances based on direct measurements are available only up to about a thousand parsecs, which is a modest portion of our own Galaxy.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 For distances beyond that, measures depend upon physical assumptions, that is, the assertion that one recognizes the object in question, and the class of objects is homogeneous enough that its members can be used for meaningful estimation of distance.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 Eclipsing binaries — In the last decade, measurement of eclipsing binaries offers a way to gauge the distance to galaxies.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 RR Lyrae variables —  are periodic variable stars, commonly found in globular clusters, and often used as standard candles to measure galactic distances.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 These red giants are used for measuring distances within the galaxy and in nearby globular clusters.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 In galactic astronomy, X-ray bursts (thermonuclear flashes on the surface of a neutron star) are used as standard candles.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 Therefore, the X-ray flux at the peak of the burst should correspond to Eddington luminosity, which can be calculated once the mass of the neutron star is known (1.5 solar masses is a commonly used assumption).
Cosmic distance ladder 
 The strong direct relationship between a Cepheid variable's luminosity and pulsation period, secures for Cepheids their status as important standard candles for establishing the Galactic and extragalactic distance scales.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 For instance, the distribution of their absolute magnitude is bimodal, with a main peak at magnitude −8.8, and a lesser one at −7.5.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 Because the white dwarf stars which become supernovae have a uniform mass, Type Ia supernovae produce consistent peak luminosity.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 The stability of this value allows these explosions to be used as standard candles to measure the distance to their host galaxies, because the visual magnitude of the supernovae depends primarily on the distance.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 Redshifts and Hubble's Law By using Hubble's law, which relates redshift to distance, one can estimate the distance of any particular galaxy.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 In a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram the absolute magnitude for a group of stars is plotted against the spectral classification of the stars.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 In particular, during their hydrogen burning period, stars lie along a curve in the diagram called the main sequence.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 By measuring the properties from a star's spectrum, the position of a main sequence star on the H-R diagram can be found.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 A comparison of this value with the apparent magnitude allows the approximate distance to be determined, after correcting for interstellar extinction of the luminosity because of gas and dust.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 In a gravitationally-bound star cluster such as the Hyades, the stars formed at approximately the same age and lie at the same distance.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 This allows relatively accurate main sequence fitting, providing both age and distance determination.
Cosmic distance ladder 
 This is not a complete list of methods, but it does show the ways astronomers go about estimating the distance of astronomical objects.
V-1 flying bomb 
 V-1s destroyed nearly as many houses as the Blitz did but killed fewer: 22,892 people were killed by the weapon.
V-1 flying bomb 
 The Allies tried to stop these attacks by bombing their launching places, by shooting at them in the air, and by flying fast planes close to them and nudging them off course using their wings.
Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search 
 SWEEPS used the Hubble Space Telescope to look at 180,000 stars for seven days to find extrasolar planets.
Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search 
 This is a rare transparent look at the huge group of closely packed stars at the Milky Way's centre (central bulge), in the Sagittarius constellation.
Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search 
 Planets which took less than 1.2 days to go around the sun have not been detected yet; these have been called "ultra-short period planets" (USPPs) by the search team.
Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search 
 This means that larger stars might have destroyed any planets orbiting so closely, or that planets could not move as far inward around larger stars.
Tenna 
 1683 (Tenna 3): Tokugawa shogunate grants permission for Mitsui money exchanges (ryōgaeten) to open in Edo.
Tenna 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Jōkyō 
 26 March 1685 (Jōkyō 2, 22nd day of the 2nd month): The former Emperor Go-Sai died; and a large comet appeared in the night sky.
Jōkyō 
 13 April 1686 (Jōkyō 3, 21st day of the 3rd month): Emperor Reigen abdicated; and his younger brother received the succession (senso).
Jōkyō 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Data Encryption Standard 
 After DES was cracked, the NIST, the US institution for technology and also cryptography, developed 3DES.
1925 Geneva Protocol 
 The Geneva Protocol of 1925 (The Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare) was a law that made it illegal to fight with chemical or biological weapons in war.
1925 Geneva Protocol 
 The Geneva protocol was signed on June 17, 1925 and the protocol was entered into force on January 8, 1928.
1925 Geneva Protocol 
 After World War I, the Geneva Protocol was made from the treaties signed with Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria.
1925 Geneva Protocol 
 After signing the treaty, some countries wanted to change it so that they would not have to follow it if the country fighting them did not follow the treaty.
Fledge 
 Fledge is the stage in a young bird's life when the feathers and wing muscles become developed enough for flight.
Rat snake 
 They feed primarily on rodents and birds and, with some species being over 3 m (10 feet), they are on the top levels of some food chains.
Rat snake 
 Many species make attractive pets and one, the corn snake, is one of the most popular reptile pets in the world.
Rat snake 
 Rat snakes were long thought to be completely nonvenomous, but recent studies have shown that some do have harmlessly small amounts of venom in them.
Rat snake 
 The corn snake especially is one of the most popular pet reptiles, and belongs to the rat snake family.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 
 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a type of mass spectrometry that is highly sensitive.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 
 It can see  a range of metals and several non-metals at concentrations below one part in 1012 (part per trillion).
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 
 It is based on hooking together an inductively coupled plasma as a method of producing ions (ionization) with a mass spectrometer as a method of separating and detecting the ions.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 
 In trace elemental analysis, the method has advantages of high speed, precision and sensitivity compared to atomic absorption techniques.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 
 Analysis of lower concentrations at the same time is more prone to disruption by trace contaminants in labware and reagents used.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 
 Because ICP-MS can help make atom bombs, ICP-MS hardware is a subject for special exporting regulations.
The Birds of America 
 It includes images of six birds that are now extinct: Carolina Parakeet, Passenger Pigeon, Labrador Duck, Great Auk,
Charles Wright (poet) 
 He was awarded the National Book Award (1983) for Country Music: Selected Early Poems and the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1998) for Black Zodiac.
4-H 
 4-H in the United States is a youth organization administered by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), with the mission of "engaging youth to reach their fullest potential while advancing the field of youth development."
4-H 
 The name represents four personal development areas for the organization's members: head, heart, hands, and health.
4-H 
 The goal of 4-H is to develop citizenship, leadership, responsibility and life skills of youth through experiential learning programs and a positive youth development approach.
4-H 
 But 4-H today focuses on citizenship, healthy living, science, engineering, and technology programs.
4-H 
 The 4-H motto is "To make the best better", while its slogan is "Learn by doing" (sometimes written as "Learn to do by doing").
4-H 
 The start of 4-H began around 1900, with the work of several people in different parts of the United States.
4-H 
 The focal point of 4-H has been the idea of practical and hands-on learning, which came from the desire to make public school education more connected to rural life.
4-H 
 During this time, researchers at agricultural experiment stations of the land-grant universities and USDA saw that adult farmers did not readily accept new agricultural discoveries, but educators found that youth would experiment with these new ideas and then share their experiences and successes with the adults.
4-H 
 A. B. Graham started one of the youth programs in Clark County, Ohio, in 1902, which is considered the birth of the 4-H program in the United States.
4-H 
 T.A. "Dad" Erickson of Douglas County, Minnesota, started local agricultural after-school clubs and fairs also in 1902.
4-H 
 Jessie Field Shambaugh developed the clover pin with an H on each leaf in 1910, and, by 1912, they were called 4-H clubs.
4-H 
 When the United States Congress created the Cooperative Extension Service (CES) of the USDA by passage of the Smith-Lever Act of 1914, it included within the CES charter the work of various boys' and girls' clubs involved with agriculture, home economics and related subjects.
4-H 
 However, the city of Jacksboro, Texas, also stakes a claim to having the first forerunner to 4-H in 1910.
4-H 
 4-H membership hit an all-time high in 1974 as a result of its popular educational program about nutrition, Mulligan Stew, shown in schools and on television across the country.
4-H 
 The National Collegiate 4-H website, the motto of the program is "Continuing to Share: Sharing to Continue"
Emeishan Traps 
 The Emeishan Traps is a flood basalt volcanic province in Southwestern China, around Sichuan province.
Emeishan Traps 
 The Traps are the step-like rock made up of many layers of basalt, which were laid down by successive eruptions of magma.
Emeishan Traps 
 The traps are much smaller than the Siberian Traps, which occurred not long afterwards, about 251 million years ago.
Emeishan Traps 
 Despite this, the Emeshian traps were large enough to have an impact on the ecology of the time, and on paleontology.
Emeishan Traps 
 Another theory that has been proposed to explain mass extinctions is that meteor or comet impact events caused them.
Emeishan Traps 
 In this context, the hypothesis is that impact events cause flood basalt eruptions, such as those which generated the Emeshian Traps.
Emeishan Traps 
 Large igneous provinces of Asia (250 Ma): Siberian and Emeishan traps (plateau basalts) and associated granitoids.
Emeishan Traps 
 Sedimentary evidence for a rapid kilometer-scale crustal doming prior to the eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts.
RMS Carpathia 
 She was famous for rescuing the survivors of RMS Titanic after the RMS Titanic hit an iceberg and sank on 15 April 1912.
Carpathia 
 Carpathia, a fictional Balkan kingdom in the films The Prince and the Showgirl, Ghostbusters II, and Dragon Storm, as well as season 1, episode 14 of the television show Fantasy Island.
Pope Clement V 
 Pope Clement V (; 1264 –20 April, 1314), born Bertrand de Got, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 196th Pope from 1305 until his death.
Pope Clement V 
 He was elected pope on June 5, 1305; and he chose to be called Clement V.  He was the fourth of six non-cardinals to be elected pope in the Middle Ages.
Mucous membrane 
 For example, at the nostrils, the mouth, the lips, the eyelids, the ears, the genital area, and the anus.
Knob and tube wiring 
 It was commonly used from the 1880s to the early 1940s, and is occasionally, but very rarely, still used today.
Knob and tube wiring 
 In knob and tube wiring, wires were held to the wooden structure by ceramic knobs, and were protected by ceramic tubes when they went through a piece of wood.
Knob and tube wiring 
 A material called loom protected the wire when it entered a junction box, which usually contained an outlet, switch, or light fixture.
Knob and tube wiring 
 This is not necessary on modern wiring because modern insulation alone is enough to prevent short circuits.