the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Raymond Carver 
 Later, the house became so popular that the couple had to hang a sign outside that read "Writers At Work" so that people would leave them alone.
Raymond Carver 
 Six weeks later, on August 2, 1988, Carver died in Port Angeles, Washington, from lung cancer at the age of 50.
Raymond Carver 
 The story with the same name had already appeared in the collection, Best American Short Stories 1967.
Raymond Carver 
 Throughout his lifetime Carver won six O. Henry Awards: the winning stories were: "Are These Actual Miles" (originally titled "What is it?") (
Raymond Carver 
 Carver believed he would have died of alcoholism at the age of 40 if he had not found a way to stop drinking.
Raymond Carver 
 When he knew the cancer would kill him, he wrote a poem about that bonus of 10 years, called "Gravy."
Raymond Carver 
 Carver, a production directed by William Gaskill at London's Arcola Theatre in 1995, adapted from five Carver short stories including What's in Alaska, Put Yourself in My Shoes, and Intimacy.
Raymond Carver 
 The novel Name Your Poison: A Max Mitchum Mystery, by Lucas Stensland, was a comical attempt by the author to combine the styles of "the two Raymonds": Carver and Chandler.
Raymond Carver 
 A review of Maryann Burk Carver's What It Used To Be Like; A Portrait of My Marriage to Raymond Carver
Raymond Carver 
 A review of Raymond Carver A Writer's Life by Carol Sklenicka and Raymond Carver Collected Stories edited by William L. Stull and Maureen P. Carroll
Raymond Carver 
 An indepth interview from 1985  in which Carver talks about his father, his early writing, his characters, and the 'dark humour' in some of his stories.
Raymond Carver 
 Tell it All this review site for the posthumously published Tell it All, provides numerous links to Carver sites on the web and links to his work
Oscar Hijuelos 
 He studied writing at the City College of New York and earned two degrees in Creative Writing there: his B.A. in1975 and M.A. in 1976.
Oscar Hijuelos 
 His first novel, Our House in the Last World, was published in 1983 and received the 1985 Rome Prize, awarded by the American Academy in Rome.
Oscar Hijuelos 
 Hijuelos collapsed due to a heart attack while playing tennis in Manhattan and never regained consciousness.
Oscar Hijuelos 
 Introduction, Cool Salsa: Bilingual Poems on Growing up Latino in the United States, edited by Lori M. Carlson.
Roman consul 
 The consuls were usually patricians, though after 367 BC plebs (common people; plebeians) could stand for election as consul.
Roman consul 
 Consuls had extensive power in peacetime (administrative, legislative and judicial), and in wartime often held the highest military command.
Roman consul 
 When neither consul was within the city, their civic duties were assumed by the praetor urbanus (city prefect).
Roman consul 
 Each consul was accompanied in every public appearance by twelve lictors, who displayed the magnificence of the office and served as his bodyguards.
Roman consul 
 When inside the city, the lictors removed the axes from the fasces to show that a citizen could not be executed without a trial.
Roman consul 
 Upon entering the democratic assembly, the lictors would lower the fasces to show that the powers of the consuls derive from the people (populus romanus).
Roman consul 
 Outside the walls of Rome, the powers of the consuls were far greater in their role as commanders-in-chief of all Roman legions.
Roman consul 
 Within the city a consul could punish and arrest a citizen, but had no power to inflict capital punishment.
Roman consul 
 When on campaign, however, a consul could inflict any punishment he saw fit on any soldier, officer, citizen or ally.
Roman consul 
 Each consul commanded an army, usually two legions strong, with the help of military tribunes and a quaestor who had financial duties.
Roman consul 
 A typical consular army was about 20,000 men strong and consisted of two citizen and two allied legions.
Roman consul 
 In the early years of the republic, Rome's enemies were in central Italy, so campaigns lasted a few months.
Roman consul 
 So the consul upon entering office was expected by the Senate and the people to march his army against Rome's enemies, and expand the Roman frontiers.
Roman consul 
 If the consul won an overwhelming victory, he was hailed as imperator by his troops, and could request to be granted a triumph.
Roman consul 
 In the Roman Empire, the consuls were merely a figurative representative of Rome’s republican heritage.
TESOL 
 The letters may stand for "Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages", used in English as a Foreign or Second Language (EFL/ESL)
TESOL 
 TESOL Inc. is a professional organization based in the United States for people working in this field.
TESOL International Association 
 TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc.) is a global education association for English language teachers who teach speakers of others languages.
TESOL International Association 
 TESOL has relationships with 98 independent organizations worldwide: 41 in the United States and 57 in Asia, the Pacific, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa.
TESOL International Association 
 TESOL convenes an annual conference with papers, symposia, key note speakers, workshops, and annual meetings for the Interest Sections.
TESOL International Association 
 Presenters speak on topics ranging from practical advice for the classroom to new theories for explaining language learning.
TESOL International Association 
 The James E. Alatis Award for Service to TESOL is for outstanding and extended service by TESOL members at international, regional, and local levels.
TESOL International Association 
 The D. Scott Enright TESOL Interest Section Service Award is for outstanding and extended service to and leadership in TESOL interest sections.
TESOL International Association 
 The TESOL Award for Excellence in Teaching is for educators who are considered excellent by other teachers.
O. Henry Award 
 The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories is a book that is published each year with that year's twenty best stories from magazines in U.S. and Canadian, written in English.
O. Henry Award 
 The award itself is called The O. Henry Award, not the O. Henry Prize, though until recently there were first, second and third prize winners.
O. Henry Award 
 As of 2003, the series editor chooses twenty short stories and each one is called an O. Henry Prize Story.
O. Henry Award 
 All stories originally written in English and published in an American or Canadian magazine can possibly win.
O. Henry Award 
 Starting in 2003, The O. Henry Prize Stories is dedicated to a writer who has made a major contribution to the art of the short story.
O. Henry Award 
 They worked with the PEN American Center and renamed the series the PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories collection.
O. Henry Award 
 Profits from selling The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories 2009 books went to PEN's Readers & Writers Program.
O. Henry Award 
 In an interview for the Vintage Books and Anchor Books blog, editor Laura Furman called working with PEN a "natural partnership."
Power line 
 The voltage of the power at the end is usually 100V (Japan), 120V (North and Central America, parts of South America and Africa, and Saudi Arabia), or 220-240V (most of the rest of the world), but is much higher while going through the electric power transmission lines.
Power line 
 As the power is sent through the power lines, sometimes it encounters spots that it cannot go through.
Power line 
 Where the electric power distribution reaches buildings, this voltage is too dangerous to be used, so it goes through a step-down transformer.
Greco–Persian wars 
 The Greco–Persian Wars were a series of wars fought between Classical Greece and Persia's Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century BC.
Greco–Persian wars 
 Fifty years before the war started, Cyrus the Great had conquered the Greek colonies on the western coast of Asia Minor, an area the Greeks called Ionia.
Greco–Persian wars 
 Aristagoras, the Tyrant of Miletus was on an expedition to conquer the island of Naxos with Persian support, but that was a failure.
Greco–Persian wars 
 Aristagoras got support from Athens and Eretria, and together they burnt the Persian regional capital city, Sardis.
Greco–Persian wars 
 The first Persian invasion of Greek majority kingdoms began in 492 BC, led by the Persian general Mardonius.
Greco–Persian wars 
 They successfully beat Thrace and Macedon, but several mishaps forced an early end to the rest of the campaign.p135-138.
Greco–Persian wars 
 On the way to Athens, the Persian force was decisively defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon, ending Persian efforts at that time.
Greco–Persian wars 
 In 480 BC, Xerxes personally led the second Persian invasion of Greece with one of the largest ancient armies ever assembled.
Greco–Persian wars 
 Victory over the allied Greek states at the famous Battle of Thermopylae allowed the Persians to burn Athens (which had been evacuated) and overrun most of Greece.
Greco–Persian wars 
 However, against the combined Greek fleet, the Persians suffered a severe defeat at the Battle of Salamis.
Greco–Persian wars 
 The following year, the confederated Greeks went on the offensive, decisively defeating the Persian army at the Battle of Plataea, and ending the invasion of Greece by the Achaemenid Empire.
Greco–Persian wars 
 Although 449 BC saw the end of the wars started by the Ionian revolt, the two civilisations continued for more than a hundred years.
Greco–Persian wars 
 The wars between Athens and Sparta allowed Persia to take back all she had lost in the Greco–Persian wars, until finally Alexander the Great put an end to the Achaemenid Empire.
Windows Live 
 They moved them to Windows Live to show people that these services are made to work with Windows operating system.
Windows Live 
 However, there are also many more free services provided by Windows Live which only requires one account to access.
Battle of Corinth 
 The Battle of Corinth was a battle fought between the Roman Republic and the Ancient Greek state of Corinth and its allies in the Achaean League in 146 BC.
Perm Krai 
 Perm Krai is a krai (federal territory) of Russia that came into existence on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast (province) and Komi–Permyak self-governing district.
Perm Krai 
 Perm Krai is located in the east of the East European Plain and the western slope of the Middle Ural Mountains.
Perm Krai 
 Together they are more than  long, but only two rivers have lengths exceeding ; the Kama () and the Chusovaya ().
Caro–Kann defence 
 It is then followed by 3.Nc3 (the Modern Variation), 3.Nd2 (the Classical Variation), 3.exd5 (the Exchange Variation), or 3.e5 (the Advance Variation).
Caro–Kann defence 
 The Caro is thought to be more solid and less dynamic than the others, which means that play is likely to be more quiet and positional.
Caro–Kann defence 
 The opening is named after the English player Horatio Caro and the Austrian Marcus Kann, who studied the opening in 1886.
Caro–Kann defence 
 The most common way of handling the Caro–Kann, the Classical variation (often called the Capablanca variation) happens after the moves
Caro–Kann defence 
 Black makes very few compromises in his pawn structure, and plays c5 in time to fight for the d4 square.
Caro–Kann defence 
 Should the game go to an endgame, Black often has good chances because of his solid pawn structure and kingside pawn majority.
Caro–Kann defence 
 Played by the first world champion Wilhelm Steinitz, today the variation is called either the Smyslov variation or, most often, the Modern variation.
Caro–Kann defence 
 The short-term goal of 4...Nd7 is to make developing his pieces easier by trading a pair of knights without damaging his pawn structure by the direct 4...Nf6.
Caro–Kann defence 
 Play is similar to the Classical variation except that Black is not forced to play his QB to the g6 square.
Caro–Kann defence 
 Black does have compensation, with the open g-file for the rook and unusually active play for the Caro-Kann.
Caro–Kann defence 
 Viktor Korchnoi has played 5...exf6 many times (including his first world championship match with Anatoly Karpov), and this line has also been employed by Ulf Andersson.
Caro–Kann defence 
 of the previous and offers Black fast development, though also giving White the superior pawn structure and long-term prospects.
Caro–Kann defence 
 Against it are aggressive lines such as the Bayonet Attack (4.Nc3 e6 5.g4), a popular line in the 1980s and later favoured by Latvian Grandmaster Alexei Shirov.
Caro–Kann defence 
 A more natural development 4.Nf3 e6 5.Be2 c5 6.Be3 was popularised by English Grandmaster Nigel Short and often seen in the 1990s.
Caro–Kann defence 
 3...e6 is natural and playable, but when Black plays ...c5 (as he soon will do) he is a tempo behind the advance line of the French defence (1e4 e6 2.d5 d5 3.e5 c5).
Caro–Kann defence 
 This system often leads to typical isolated queen's pawn (IQP) positions, with White gaining rapid development, a grip on e5, and kingside attacking chances to make up for the long-term structural weakness of the isolated d4 pawn.
Caro–Kann defence 
 The major variation in this line 4...Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Nf3, when Black's main alternatives are 6...Bb4 (a position which often transposes into lines of the Nimzo-Indian defence) and 6...Be7, once the most common line.
Caro–Kann defence 
 after which White plans on seizing the e5-square through the advance of his b-pawn to b5 or by exchanging the Black's Knight on c6 after Bb5.
Caro–Kann defence 
 Some of the strategic ideas are analogous to the Queen's Gambit declined, Exchange variation, (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.cxd5 exd5) with colours reversed.
Caro–Kann defence 
 4....Bh5 is a complicated line, in which White can trap the bishop, though Black has much compensation.
Caro–Kann defence 
 The variation sets a trap: if Black plays along the lines of the Classical Variation, he gets in trouble after 3...dxe4 4.Nxe4 Bf5 (4...Nd7 is playable) 5.Ng3 Bg6?! (
Caro–Kann defence 
 Instead, Lasker–Radsheer, 1908 and Alekhine-Bruce, 1938 ended quickly after, respectively, 10...Bg7??
Caro–Kann defence 
 This can transpose to the Panov–Botvinnik line given above, with 3.exd5 cxd5 4.d4 or White can capture twice on d5.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The palace economies of the Aegean and Anatolia of the late Bronze Age were replaced, eventually, by the village cultures of the 'Greek Dark Ages'.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Between 1200 and 1150 BC, the cultural collapse of the Mycenaean kingdoms, the Hittite Empire in Anatolia and Syria, and the Egyptian Empire in Syria and Canaan, interrupted trade routes and extinguished literacy.
Bronze Age collapse 
 In the first phase of this period, almost every city between Troy and Gaza was violently destroyed, and often left unoccupied: examples include Hattusa, Mycenae, Ugarit.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The gradual end of the Dark Age saw the rise of settled Neo-Hittite Aramaean kingdoms of the mid-10th century BC, and the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
Bronze Age collapse 
 It appears that civilization did not recover to the same level as that of the Hittites for another thousand years.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The sacking and burning of the sites of Enkomi, Kition, and Sinda may have happened twice, before they were abandoned.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Syrian sites previously showed evidence of trade links with Egypt and the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The last Bronze Age king of Ugarit, Ammurapi, was a contemporary of the Hittite king Suppiluliuma II.
Bronze Age collapse 
 A letter by the king is preserved on one of the clay tablets found baked in the conflagration of the destruction of the city.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Ammurapi stresses the seriousness of the crisis faced by many Near Eastern states from invasion by the advancing Sea Peoples in a dramatic response to a plea for assistance from the king of Alasiya (Cyprus):
Bronze Age collapse 
 are in the Land of Hatti, and all my ships are in the Land of Lukka?...Thus, the country is abandoned to itself.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Unfortunately for Ugarit, no help arrived and Ugarit was burned to the ground at the end of the Bronze Age.
Bronze Age collapse 
 A cuneiform tablet found in 1986 shows that Ugarit was destroyed after the death of Merneptah, about 1178 BC.
Bronze Age collapse 
 All centres along a coastal route from Gaza northward were destroyed, and not reoccupied for up to thirty years.
Bronze Age collapse 
 It is possible that the abandonment of Athens was not a violent affair and other causes have been suggested.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Up to 90% of small sites in the region were abandoned, which suggests a major depopulation in the region.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Again, as with many of the sites of destruction in Greece, it is unclear how this destruction came about.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The city of Mycenae for example was initially destroyed in an earthquake in 1250 BC as evidenced by the presence of crushed bodies buried in collapsed buildings.
Bronze Age collapse 
 However, the site was rebuilt only to face destruction in 1190 BC as the result of a series of major fires.
Bronze Age collapse 
 There is a suggestion by Robert Drews that the fires could have been the result of an attack on the site and its palace.
Bronze Age collapse 
 We see a similar situation  in Tiryns in 1200 BC when an earthquake destroyed much of the city including its palace.
Bronze Age collapse 
 It is likely however that the city continued to be inhabited for some time following the earthquake.
Bronze Age collapse 
 As a result there is a general agreement that earthquakes did not permanently destroy Mycenae or Tiryns because physical destruction  cannot fully explain the collapse.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The importance of trade is further supported by  the lack of any evidence for violent or sudden decline in Mycenae.
Bronze Age collapse 
 There is some evidence of Pylos expecting a seaborne attack with tablets at Pylos discussing "Watchers guarding the coast".
Bronze Age collapse 
 The end Bronze Age collapse marked the start of a period that has been called the Greek Dark Ages, which lasted for more than 400 years.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The occupation of some cities, like Athens, did continue however their existence was of a much different nature.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Several cities were destroyed, Assyria lost northwestern cities which were reconquered by Tiglath-Pileser I after his ascension to kingship.
Bronze Age collapse 
 After apparently surviving for a while, the Egyptian Empire collapsed in the mid twelfth century BC (during the reign of Ramesses VI).
Bronze Age collapse 
 Robert Drews describes the collapse as "the worst disaster in ancient history, even more calamitous than the collapse of the Western Roman Empire".
Bronze Age collapse 
 A number of people have spoken of the cultural memories of the disaster as stories of a "lost golden age".
Bronze Age collapse 
 Hesiod for example spoke of Ages of Gold, Silver and Bronze, separated from the modern harsh cruel world of the Age of Iron by the Age of Heroes.
Bronze Age collapse 
 It was a period associated with the collapse of central authority, a depopulation, particularly of urban areas, the loss of literacy in Anatolia and the Aegean, and its restriction elsewhere, the disappearance of established patterns of long-distance international trade, and increasingly vicious struggles for power.
Bronze Age collapse 
 There are various theories put forward to explain the situation of collapse, many of them compatible with each other.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The Hekla 3 eruption was about this time, and is dated at 1159 BC by  Egyptologists and British archeologists.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Earthquakes tend to occur in sequences or 'storms', where a major earthquake above 6.5 on the Richter magnitude scale can set off later earthquakes along the weakened fault line.
Bronze Age collapse 
 When a map of earthquake occurrence is superimposed on a map of the sites destroyed in the Late Bronze Age, there is a very close correspondence.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Evidence includes the widespread findings of Naue II-type swords (coming from South-Eastern Europe) throughout the region, and Egyptian records of invading "northerners from all the lands".
Bronze Age collapse 
 The Ugarit correspondence at the time mentions invasions by tribes of such as the mysterious Sea Peoples.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Equally, the last Linear B documents in the Aegean (dating to just before the collapse) reported a large rise in piracy, slave raiding and other attacks, particularly around Anatolia.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Later fortresses along the Libyan coast, constructed and maintained by the Egyptians after the reign of Ramesses II, were built to reduce raiding.
Bronze Age collapse 
 This theory is strengthened by the fact that the collapse coincides with the appearance in the region of many new ethnic groups.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Indo-European tribes such as the Phrygians, Thracians, Macedonians and Dorian Greeks seem to have arrived at this time – possibly from the north.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Ultimate reasons for these migrations could include drought, developments in warfare/weaponry, earthquakes or other natural disasters.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The Bronze Age collapse may be seen in the context of a technological history that saw the slow, comparatively continuous spread of iron-working technology in the region, beginning with precocious iron-working in what is now Bulgaria and Romania in the 13th and 12th centuries BC.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Leonard R. Palmer suggested that iron, whilst inferior to bronze weapons, was in more plentiful supply and so allowed larger armies of iron users to overwhelm the smaller armies of bronze-using chariotry.
Bronze Age collapse 
 It now seems that the disruption of long distance trade cut easy supplies of tin, making bronze impossible to make.
Bronze Age collapse 
 More recently Brian Fagan has shown how the diversion of mid-winter storms, from the Atlantic to north of the Pyrenees and the Alps, bringing wetter conditions to Central Europe but drought to the Eastern Mediterranean, was associated with the Late Bronze Age collapse.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Robert Drews argues that massed infantry used newly developed weapons and armor.192ff Cast rather than forged spearheads and long swords, a revolutionizing cut-and-thrust weapon, and javelins were used.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The appearance of bronze foundries suggest "that mass production of bronze artifacts was suddenly important in the Aegean".
Bronze Age collapse 
 For example, Homer uses "spears" as a virtual synonym for "warrior", suggesting the continued importance of the spear in combat.
Bronze Age collapse 
 Such new weaponry, used by a proto-hoplite model of infantry able to withstand attacks of massed chariotry, would destabilize states that were based upon the use of chariots by the ruling class.
Bronze Age collapse 
 This precipitated an abrupt social collapse as raiders and/or infantry mercenaries began to conquer, loot, and burn the cities.
Bronze Age collapse 
 This theory raises the question of whether this collapse was the cause of, or the effect of, the Bronze Age collapse being discussed.
Bronze Age collapse 
 In the Middle East, a variety of factors — including population growth, soil degradation, drought, cast bronze weapon and iron production technologies — could have combined to push the relative price of weaponry (compared to arable land) to a level unsustainable for traditional warrior aristocracies.
Bronze Age collapse 
 In complex societies which were increasingly fragile, this combination of factors may have contributed to the collapse.
Bronze Age collapse 
 The critical flaws of the late Bronze Age are its centralization, specialization, complexity and top-heavy political structure.
Bronze Age collapse 
 These flaws then revealed themselves through revolts, defections, demographic crises (overpopulation), and wars between states.