the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
J. Paul Getty 
 Personal correspondence and telegrams, clippings, a book, and photographs, 1926-1992 and undated, related to J. Paul Getty, Allene Ashby (Getty's second wife), and Belene Ashby.
J. Paul Getty 
 Ranch House Records, 1921, 1945-1960s, 1980s, 1999-2007, undated The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California.
J. Paul Getty 
 These records are organized in four series: Series I. Historic American Buildings Survey documentation, 1999, 2001; Series II.
J. Paul Getty 
 Collected papers for biography of J. Paul Getty, circa 1890s-1973, 1984, undated (bulk 1957-1973) The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California.
J. Paul Getty 
 The collection comprises material created or collected by Ralph Hewins in the course of researching and writing the biography The Richest American: J. Paul Getty (1960).
Paradise Lost 
 The poem is about the Christian story of the Fall of Man: how Adam and Eve got out from the Garden of Eden and about the fallen angel Lucifer.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi(  )[variations] (c. 1942 - 20 October 2011) better known as Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan politician.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 He joined the Libyan military in 1961; the military was one of the few ways for lower class Libyans like him to rise in social status.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 Gaddafi became head of state of Libya after removing King Idris from power in a 1969 bloodless coup.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 He was one of the longest-serving non royal rulers in history, because he had ruled for more than 41 years.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 The Libyan Arab Republic was renamed to the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 1977 later it was renamed again to the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya by Gaddafi in 1986.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 A Dutch investigation found that Gaddafi had built up a "billion-dollar empire", from assets in an international company in the oil industry.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 It also claims that his assets are scattered throughout much of Europe, Despite no trace or proof for even 1 billion have been found.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 Gaddafi had a strong interest in geo-political control, was a firm supporter of OAPEC and led a Pan-African campaign for a United States of Africa.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 He cooperated with investigations into alleged Libyan anti-western acts, by 1999 he offered to dismantle weapon of mass destruction of Libya, which would be inspected in 2003.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 Gaddafi vowed to "die a martyr" if necessary in his fight against rebels and external forces; he also said that "peaceful protest is one thing but armed rebellion is another."
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 On 17 May 2011 the International Criminal Court issued a request for an arrest warrant against Gaddafi for alleged crimes against humanity, which was approved on 27 June and a warrant was issued by the court.
Muammar al-Gaddafi 
 On June 2011, according to investigation made by Amnesty International, it was found that there was no evidence for many of the alleged crimes, and that the rebels had falsely blamed Gaddafi as well as the government.
Otto Konrad 
 With this team he reached 3 national titles and played in the  1994 UEFA Cup Final which Salzburg lost to Inter Milan.
Otto Konrad 
 1997 to 1998 he became goalkeeper of Real Zaragoza in Spain but returned to Austria where he played for GAK, DSV Leoben and PSV Salzburg.
Otto Konrad 
 He played 12 matches for the Austrian national football team and was member of the squad for the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
Otto Konrad 
 At all his international career was not as successful as the club career because at that time there was a lot of competition among goalkeepers in Austria.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 The reaction is electrocyclic if the result is one pi bond becoming one sigma bond or one sigma bond becoming a pi bond.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 the stereospecifity is determined by a conrotatory or a disrotatory transition state formation as predicted by the Woodward–Hoffmann rules.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 The torquoselectivity in an electrocyclic reaction refers to the direction that the substituents rotate.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 It produces a mixture of two products that are the mirror image of each other (enantiomeric products).
Electrocyclic reaction 
 A reaction that is torquoselective restricts one of these directions of rotation (partially or completely) to produce a product in enantiomeric excess (where one stereoisomer is produced much more than the other).
Electrocyclic reaction 
 Chemists are interested in electrocyclic reactions because the geometry of the molecules confirm a number of predictions made by theoretical chemists.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 The sigma bond in the reactant will open in a way that the resulting p-orbitals will have the same symmetry as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the product (a butadiene).
Electrocyclic reaction 
 This can only happen with a conrotatory ring-opening that results in opposite signs for the two lobes at the broken ends of the ring. (
Electrocyclic reaction 
 The stereospecificity of the result depends on whether the reaction proceeds through a conrotatory or disrotatory process.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 Correlation diagrams connect the molecular orbitals of the reactant to those of the product having the same symmetry.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 These correlation diagrams indicate that only a conrotatory ring opening of 3,4-dimethylcyclobutene is "symmetry allowed" whereas only a disrotatory ring opening of 5,6-dimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene is "symmetry allowed".
Electrocyclic reaction 
 The Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory predicts that the sigma bond in the ring will open in a way that the resulting p-orbitals will have the same symmetry as the HOMO of the product.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 For the 5,6-dimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene (top row of diagram), only a disrotatory mode would result in p-orbitals having the same symmetry as the HOMO of hexatriene.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 For the 3,4-dimethylcyclobutene (bottom row of diagram), only a conrotatory mode would result in p-orbitals having the same symmetry as the HOMO of butadiene.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 The excited electron will occupy the LUMO, which has a higher energy level than the electron's old orbital.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 If light opens the ring of 3,4-dimethylcyclobutene, the resulting electrocyclization would be occur by a disrotatory mode instead of a conrotatory mode.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 Only a disrotatory mode, in which symmetry about a reflection plane is maintained throughout the reaction, would result in maximum orbital overlap in the transition state.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 Also, once again, this would result in the formation of a product that is in an excited state of comparable stability to the excited state of the reactant compound.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 Another example is in the proposed biosynthesis of aranotin, an oxepine found in nature, and its related compounds.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 This undergoes a 6π disrotatory ring opening electrocyclization reaction to produce the uncyclized oxepine.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 After a second epoxidation of the ring, the nearby nucleophilic nitrogen attacks the electrophilic carbon, forming a five membered ring.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 The benzonorcaradiene diterpenoid (A) was rearranged into the benzocycloheptatriene diterpenoid isosalvipuberlin (B) by boiling a methylene chloride solution.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 This transformation can be thought of as a disrotatory electrocyclic reaction, followed by two suprafacial 1,5-sigmatropic hydrogen shifts, as shown below:
Electrocyclic reaction 
 An example of an electrocyclic reaction is the conrotatory thermal ring-opening of benzocyclobutane.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 This molecule can be trapped in an endo addition with a strong dienophile such as maleic anhydride to the Diels-Alder adduct.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 The chemical yield for the ring opening of the benzocyclobutane depicted in scheme 2 is found to depend on the nature of the substituent R. With a reaction solvent such as toluene and a reaction temperature of 110 °C, the yield increases going from methyl to isobutylmethyl to trimethylsilylmethyl.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 The increased reaction rate for the trimethylsilyl compound can be explained by silicon hyperconjugation as the βC-Si bond weakens the cyclobutane C-C bond by donating electrons.
Electrocyclic reaction 
 An biomimetic electrocyclic cascade reaction was discovered in relation to the isolation and synthesis of certain endiandric acids:
Arctic hare 
 The Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus) is a social animal that lives in the frigid tundra of North America, Newfoundland, and Greenland.
Arctic hare 
 This mammal is hunted by arctic foxes, arctic wolves, polar bears, falcons, snowy owls, golden eagles and ermine.
Robert Woodward 
 By the time he entered high school, he had already done most of the experiments in Ludwig Gattermann's textbook of experimental organic chemistry.
Robert Woodward 
 In 1928, Woodward asked the Consul-General of the German consulate in Boston, to send him copies of a few original papers published in German journals.
Robert Woodward 
 He was fascinated to read Otto Diels and Kurt Alder's original communication about the Diels–Alder reaction.
Robert Woodward 
 In 1933, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but did not do well enough to continue.
Robert Woodward 
 This was very unusual at the time, because most MIT students earned only a Bachelor of Science degree after four years.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward's studies were about the synthesis of the female sex hormone estrone, a natural type of estrogen.
Robert Woodward 
 He held a Junior Fellowship at Harvard University from 1937 to 1938, and stayed at Harvard for the rest of his life.
Robert Woodward 
 In the 1960s, Woodward was named Donner Professor of Science, a post which allowed him to spend all his time on research.
Robert Woodward 
 In the early 1940s Wooward was using ultraviolet spectroscopy to discover the structure of natural products.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward collected a large amount of information, and then worked out a series of rules, later called the Woodward's rules.
Robert Woodward 
 These rules could be used to find out the structures of new natural products, as well as non-natural synthesized molecules.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward's discovery saved chemists from spending a lot of time using chemical methods to work out the structures of compounds.
Robert Woodward 
 In 1944 Woodward and William von Eggers Doering reported the synthesis of the alkaloid quinine, used to treat malaria.
Robert Woodward 
 In fact, Woodward's method could not be used on a practical scale, but it was a landmark for chemical synthesis.
Robert Woodward 
 Organic synthesis was still largely a matter of trial and error, and nobody thought such complex structures could actually be constructed.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward's synthesis of quinine was the first of many of his very complicated and elegant syntheses.
Robert Woodward 
 By the 1930s, the British chemists Christopher Ingold and Robert Robinson among others had studied the mechanisms of organic reactions.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward was probably the first synthetic organic chemist who used these rules to predict what steps would work in a synthesis.
Robert Woodward 
 During the late 1940s, Woodward synthesized many complex natural products including quinine, cholesterol, cortisone, strychnine, lysergic acid, reserpine, chlorophyll, cephalosporin, and colchicine.
Robert Woodward 
 He showed that natural products could be synthesized by careful applications of the principles of physical organic chemistry, and by very careful planning.
Robert Woodward 
 Before he did them, some people thought it would be impossible to create these substances in the lab.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward's syntheses were also described as having an element of art in them, and since then, synthetic chemists have always looked for elegance as well as utility in synthesis.
Robert Woodward 
 His work also involved the exhaustive use of the then newly developed techniques of infrared spectroscopy and later, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Robert Woodward 
 Another important feature of Woodward's syntheses was their attention to stereochemistry or the particular configuration of molecules in three dimensional space.
Robert Woodward 
 Most natural products of medicinal importance are effective, for example as drugs, only when they possess a specific stereochemistry.
Robert Woodward 
 This creates the demand for 'stereospecific synthesis', producing a compound with a defined stereochemistry.
Robert Woodward 
 Many of his syntheses involved forcing a molecule into a certain configuration by installing rigid structural elements in it, another tactic that has become standard today.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward also applied the technique of infrared spectroscopy and chemical degradation to determine the structures of complicated molecules.
Robert Woodward 
 Notable among these structure determinations were santonic acid, strychnine, magnamycin and terramycin.
Robert Woodward 
 "The most brilliant analysis ever done on a structural puzzle was surely the solution (1953) of the terramycin problem.
Robert Woodward 
 It was a problem of great industrial importance, and hence many able chemists had performed an enormous amount of work trying to determine the structure.
Robert Woodward 
 There seemed to be too much data to resolve the problem, because a significant number of observations, although experimentally correct, were very misleading.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward took a large piece of cardboard, wrote on it all the facts and, by thought alone, deduced the correct structure for terramycin.
Robert Woodward 
 In each one of these cases, Woodward again showed how rational facts and chemical principles, combined with chemical intuition, could be used to achieve the task.
Robert Woodward 
 In the early 1950s, Woodward, and British chemist Geoffrey Wilkinson, proposed a structure for ferrocene, a compound consisting of a combination of an organic molecule with iron.
Robert Woodward 
 In his Nobel lecture, he described the total synthesis of the antibiotic cephalosporin, and claimed that he had pushed the synthesis schedule so that it would be completed around the time of the Nobel ceremony.
Robert Woodward 
 In the early 1960s, Woodward began work on what was the most complex natural product synthesized to date- vitamin B12.
Robert Woodward 
 In a remarkable collaboration with his colleague Albert Eschenmoser in Zurich, a team of almost one hundred students and postdoctoral workers worked for many years on the synthesis of this molecule.
Robert Woodward 
 The work was finally published in 1973, and it marked a landmark in the history of organic chemistry.
Robert Woodward 
 The synthesis included almost a hundred steps, and involved the rigorous planning and analyses that had always characterised Woodward's work.
Robert Woodward 
 This work, more than any other, convinced organic chemists that the synthesis of any complex substance was possible, given enough time and planning.
Robert Woodward 
 That same year, based on observations that Woodward had made during the B12 synthesis, he and Roald Hoffmann devised rules (now called the Woodward–Hoffmann rules) for elucidating the stereochemistry of the products of organic reactions.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward based his ideas on his experiences as a synthetic organic chemist; he asked Hoffman to perform theoretical calculations to verify the ideas.
Robert Woodward 
 Hoffmann shared the 1981 Nobel Prize for this work along with Kenichi Fukui, a Japanese chemist who had done similar work using a different approach.
Robert Woodward 
 A recent paper in the journal Nature describes how mechanical stress can be used to reshape chemical reaction pathways to lead to products that apparently violate Woodward–Hoffman rules.
Robert Woodward 
 He also became a trustee of his alma mater, MIT, from 1966 to 1971, and of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.
Robert Woodward 
 He showed me that one could attack difficult problems without a clear idea of their outcome, but with confidence that intelligence and effort would solve them.
Robert Woodward 
 He showed me the beauty of modern organic chemistry, and the relevance to the field of detailed careful reasoning.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward made great contributions to the strategy of synthesis, to the deduction of difficult structures, to the invention of new chemistry, and to theoretical aspects as well.
Robert Woodward 
 During his lifetime, Woodward authored or coauthored almost 200 publications, of which 85 are full papers.
Robert Woodward 
 The pace of his scientific activity soon outstripped his capacity to publish all experimental details, and much of the work in which he participated was not published until a few years after his death.
Robert Woodward 
 Woodward trained more than two hundred Ph.D. students and postdoctoral workers, many of whom later went on to distinguished careers.
Robert Woodward 
 His longest known lecture defined the unit of time known as the "Woodward", and thereafter his other lectures were deemed to be so many "milli-Woodwards" long!]
Robert Woodward 
 In many of these, he eschewed the use of slides and used to draw beautiful structures by using multicolored chalk.
Robert Woodward 
 Typically, to begin a lecture, Woodward would arrive and lay out two large white handkerchiefs on the countertop.
Robert Woodward 
 He had a fixation with blue, and all his suits, his car, and even his parking space were coloured in blue.
Robert Woodward 
 In one of his laboratories, his students hung a large black and white photograph of the master from the ceiling, complete with a large blue "tie" appended.
Robert Woodward 
 He detested exercise, could get along with only a few hours of sleep every night, was a heavy smoker, and enjoyed Scotch whisky and a martini or two.
Robert Woodward 
 Robert Burns Woodward: Architect and Artist in the World of Molecules; Otto Theodor Benfey, Peter J. T. Morris, Chemical Heritage Foundation, April 2001.
Robert Woodward 
 Robert Burns Woodward and the Art of Organic Synthesis: To Accompany an Exhibit by the Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry (Publication / Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry); Mary E. Bowden; Chemical Heritage Foundation, March 1992
Citroën Xsara Picasso 
 Its successor, the Citroën C4 Picasso, was introduced in 2006, but the Xsara Picasso still continued to be made until 2012.
Crypsis 
 Methods include camouflage, nocturnality (night-time activity), subterranean lifestyle, transparency, and mimicry.
IMI Galil 
 |wars=Lebanon Conflict, War in Somalia (1992–1993), South African Border War, Operation Enduring Freedom/ISAF – Afghanistan, Iraq War, Insurgency in the Philippines, Guatemalan insurgency,Bosnian War, Colombian Armed Conflict
IMI Galil 
 They were made by Israel Military Industries Ltd (now Israel Weapon Industries Ltd) of Ramat HaSharon.
IMI Galil 
 The rifle's fire has three positions: "R" (First letter of "repeating", which is a British word for semi-automatic fire); the middle position, "A", gives fully automatic fire; and pushing the lever fully forward turns on the safety so that the weapon can not be fired.
IMI Galil 
 An optional magazine adapter inserted inside the magazine well allows the use of standard 20 and 30-round M16 magazines.
IMI Galil 
 The MAR has four settings: "S"—weapon can not fire, "A"—automatic fire, "B"—3-round burst, "R"—semi-automatic fire.
IMI Galil 
 They can also be given with more space around the trigger so that soldiers wearing gloves can fire it.
IMI Galil 
 Golan: A civilian version with a new-production milled semi automatic receiver built in the United States with all other components original IMI Galil production parts.
IMI Galil 
 : Komando Pasukan Katak (Kopaska) tactical diver group and Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group.
Cannabaceae 
 Cannabaceae the hemp family of the rose order, containing 11 genera and 270 species of aromatic herbs distributed throughout temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
Cannabaceae 
 Members of the family are erect or climbing plants with petalless flowers and dry, one-seeded fruits.
Urticaceae 
 Urticaceae the nettle family comprising about 45 genera of herbs, shrubs, small trees, and a few vines, distributed primarily in tropical regions.
Urticaceae 
 Many species, especially the nettles (Urtica) and Australian nettle trees (Laportea), have stinging hairs on the stems and leaves.
Urticaceae 
 The curled stamens of the male flowers straighten quickly as the flowers open, releasing the pollen.
Adrian Fenty 
 Adrian Malik Fenty (born December 6, 1970) was the sixth, and youngest Mayor of the District of Columbia.
Adrian Fenty 
 He lost his re-election bid in the 2010 Democratic primary to Vincent C. Gray, who went on to win the general election for mayor.
Adrian Fenty 
 Fenty grew up in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood of  Washington, D.C. and graduated from Mackin Catholic High School.
Adrian Fenty 
 Adrian Fenty is the middle child of three boys—older brother Shawn, a bicycle expert, and younger brother Jess.
Adrian Fenty 
 Their parents are runners and own a Fleet Feet athletic shoe store in the D.C. neighborhood of Adams Morgan.
Adrian Fenty 
 Adrian has run in the Cherry Blossom Ten Mile Run each year since 2004, improving his finishing time from 1:17:22 in 2005 to 1:02:59 in 2009.
Adrian Fenty 
 Fenty earned a B.A. in English and Economics at Oberlin College and a J.D. from the Howard University School of Law.
Adrian Fenty 
 Fenty was an intern for Senator Howard Metzenbaum (D-OH), Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC), and Representative Joseph P. Kennedy II (D-MA) before becoming involved in local politics.
Adrian Fenty 
 In addition to serving as an aide to Councilmember Kevin P. Chavous, he was elected as an Advisory Neighborhood Commissioner in ANC 4C and was president of the 16th Street Neighborhood Civic Association.
Adrian Fenty 
 He proposed funding a $1 billion capital improvement program for public schools, which the Council subsequently passed in an altered form.
Adrian Fenty 
 He is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino.
Adrian Fenty 
 One BlackBerry directly connected him to Police Chief Cathy Lanier while the latter two were for business and personal matters.
Adrian Fenty 
 Fenty formally announced his decision to campaign for mayor of the District of Columbia on June 1, 2005.
Adrian Fenty 
 In the fall of 2005, then-mayor Anthony A. Williams made the widely anticipated announcement that he would not seek re-election, and then-Council Chair Linda Cropp announced she would be a candidate for Mayor.
Adrian Fenty 
 Other candidates included businesswoman Marie Johns, then-Council member Vincent Orange, and lobbyist Michael A. Brown.
Adrian Fenty 
 Cropp trumpeted her 25 years of experience in district government and her desire to continue the progress made by Anthony Williams, who endorsed her candidacy.
Adrian Fenty 
 Both candidates raised significant and nearly equal amounts of money –roughly $1.75 million through June 10, 2006 –and neither gained any significant advantage from the numerous debates and forums.
Adrian Fenty 
 Political observers have debated whether it was Fenty's unprecedented door-to-door campaign, in which he and his campaign workers visited virtually every block in the district, Cropp's lack of engagement in the campaign, or the electorate's desire for a new direction after eight years of Anthony Williams.
Adrian Fenty 
 In direct mail and television advertisements, Cropp painted Fenty as unfit for the job and a careless lawyer who had been admonished by the D.C. Bar; in 2005, he received an informal admonition from the Bar Association for his role in a probate case in 1999.
Adrian Fenty 
 The attacks, however, backfired; the reaction, coupled with the endorsement of the Washington Post newspaper, increased Fenty's lead in the campaign's final weeks.