the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Wallace Line 
 The line runs through Indonesia, between Borneo and Sulawesi (Celebes); and through the Lombok Strait between Bali (in the west) and Lombok (in the east).
Wallace Line 
 Surprisingly, the distributions of many bird species observe the line, because many birds do not cross even the smallest stretches of open ocean water.
Wallace Line 
 Some bats have distributions that cross the Wallace Line, but other mammals are generally limited to one side or the other; an exception is the Crab-eating Macaque.
Wallace Line 
 Other groups of plants and animals show differing patterns, but the overall pattern is striking and reasonably consistent.
Wallace Line 
 The root cause of Wallace's line is that the ancient supercontinent Gondwana was separated entirely from other parts of the world after Pangaea broke up.
Wallace Line 
 Australasia and its smaller islands were part of Gondwana, and that is why their fauna is so different from that of south-east Asia.
Wallace Line 
 During Quaternary ice age cold periods, when the ocean levels were up to 120 m lower, both Asia and Australia were joined with their respective islands.
Wallace Line 
 The deep water between those two large continental shelf areas was — for over 50 million years — a barrier that kept the flora and fauna of Australia separated from that of Asia.
Wallace Line 
 Wallacea consists of islands that were never recently connected by dry land to either of the continental land masses, and thus was populated by organisms capable of crossing the straits between islands. '
Wallace Line 
 Weber's Line' runs through this area (rather to the east of centre), at the tipping point between dominance by species of Asian vs. species of Australian origin.
Japanese macaque 
 The Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), also known as the snow monkey, is a monkey that lives in the high mountains of the island of Honshū in Japan.
Macaque 
 Macaques are of some interest to human researchers for their social structures, and their usefulness in animal testing, particularly regarding eyesight.
Macaque 
 If a macaque of a lower level in the social chain has eaten berries and none are left for a higher-level macaque, then the one higher in status can, within this social organization, remove the berries from the other monkey's mouth.
Macaque 
 In 2014 selfies taken by a crested black macaque seemed to establish a legal precedent, after the Wikimedia Foundation rejected a  copyright claim.
Macaque 
 The photos had been sold widely by David Slater, a professional nature photographer, whose camera was temporarily carried away by a group of macaques.
Macaque 
 After the photos were uploaded to Wikipedia, the organisation refused to delete them, claiming "This file is in the public domain, because as the work of a non-human animal, it has no human author in whom copyright is vested.
Geek 
 One dictionary says that a geek is "a peculiar or otherwise dislikable person, especially one who is perceived to be overly intellectual".
Geek 
 This means "a strange and un-likeable person, especially one who is thought to be very clever", in simple English.
Geek 
 This word comes from English dialect words (words that are used in certain places) geek, geck: fool, freak; from Low German geck, from Middle Low German.
Geek 
 Other forms of geck are also used in some German dialects, and in the Alsatian word Gickeleshut: geek's hat, used in carnivals.
Geek 
 In 19th century, in North-America, the term geek referred to a freak in circus side-shows (see also freak show).
Geek 
 The 1976 edition of the American Heritage Dictionary included only the definition regarding geek shows.
Geek 
 In a 2007 interview on The Colbert Report, Richard Clarke said the difference between nerds and geeks is "geeks get it done."
Geek 
 Julie Smith described a geek as "a bright young man turned inward, poorly socialized, who felt so little kinship with his own planet that he routinely traveled to the ones invented by his favorite authors, who thought of that secret, dreamy place his computer took him to as cyberspace—somewhere exciting, a place more real than his own life, a land he could conquer, not a drab teenager's room in his parents' house."
Geek 
 A hurtful word to call to a person who only thinks about intellectual puzzles for their own sake, who does not know how to do most other human things to such an extent that the person cannot go around where they want within society.
Geek 
 Geeks are very good with computers, and use the term hacker in a positive way, though are not all hackers themselves.
Geek 
 A person who matches academic subjects to the real world outside of academic studies; for example, using multivariate calculus to select the best dimensions of a pan to bake a cake.
Geek 
 A person who has chosen concentration rather than being normal; one who tries their best to pursue skill (especially technical skill) and imagination, not mainstream social acceptance.
Geek 
 The word is now often a nice thing to say, meaning that the person it is describing has extraordinary technical skill.
Geek 
 Geek Pride Day has been observed on May 25 in Spain since 2006 (May 25 being the world premiere date of Star Wars and also Towel Day).
Geek 
 The holiday promotes the right to be nerdy or geeky, and to express it in public without feeling bad.
Geek 
 The website BoardGameGeek is an online community of boardgamers who see themselves as geeks at boardgame meetings; they call their website "The Geek", for short.
Geek 
 Technical support services such as Geek Squad use the term geek to show that they have helpful technical abilities.
Geek 
 In recent history, some geeks have grown a geek culture, such as geek humor and odd references on t-shirts.
Geek 
 The so-called geek chic trend is a deliberate affectation of geek or nerd traits as a fashion statement.
Geek 
 Nonetheless, the derogatory definition of geeks remains that of a person only thinking about his area of interest at the cost of social skills, personal hygiene, and status.
Geek 
 There has been criticism over the widespread appropriation of the terms "geek" and "nerd" as self descriptors.
Geek 
 Certain people who would have most likely not been described as such under the traditional stereotype have argued this.
Geek 
 Along with efforts to de-emphasize the negative social aspects, in recent years there have been arguments for de-emphasizing the necessity for having noticeably high levels of intelligence or technical aptitude.
Geek 
 This has resulted in the desire to redefine the term geek rather as any person who pursues a passionate interest in anything regardless of genre, is creative, and individualistic.
Geek 
 Arguments against the revisionist definitions, however, state that it is not only unnecessary, but it completely contradicts the traditional accepted definition of the terms which distinctly refer to persons who are noticeably above average intelligence, usually good at things in technically demanding fields, and socially awkward or alienated to a certain extent.
Geek 
 "Geek chic" is a phrase that means a person who has stereotypically "geek" features including black-rimmed glasses, T-shirts with geek in-jokes, and more technically complex things.
Geek 
 There are many ways of looking at the term "geek chic", with heavy black-rimmed glasses being the one defining thing as far as the press is concerned.
Geek 
 Wearing them is sufficiently notable to have celebrities like David Beckham, Justin Timberlake and Myleene Klass being reported as "trying geek chic".
Geek 
 David Tennant, the Tenth Doctor in Doctor Who, has also described the look of his bespectacled character as having "a bit of geek chic".
Geek 
 Geeks themselves think that the term is used for "reclaiming the geek identity as something not only meaningful, but also stylish." -
Geek 
 for this usage, more than just glasses are needed, and so the term has a wider meaning, being applied to home fittings and objects as well as clothes.
Geek 
 In this usage, the term "geek chic" can even be used as a positive contrast to the somewhat more negative term "geeky".
Geek 
 Geek chic is not to be confused with preppie fashion, which is more widely to do with a conservative image rather than geek culture.
Geek 
 Instead, much of the geek chic image borrows from various other youth fashions such as goth, hippie, and bohemian among others, but t-shirts with geeky in-jokes seem to originate from the geeks themselves.
Geek 
 The Best Buy company of Richfield, Minnesota has trademarked "Geek Squad" as the name of its computer repair service.
Geek 
 Best Buy has fought the trademarks of a dozen other companies, including Geek Rescue, Rent a Geek, and Speak With a Geek.
Geek 
 Geek Culture: The Third Counter-Culture, an article discussing geek culture as a new kind of counter-culture.
42 (answer) 
 42 is the "Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything" in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy books.
42 (answer) 
 The descendants of Deep Thought's creators are upset by the numeric nature of the answer, not understanding what to do with it or what to tell the people who had commissioned the 7.5-million year project.
42 (answer) 
 When asked to produce The Ultimate Question to go with the answer "42", Deep Thought admits it is not capable of computing that itself, but that it can help to design an even more powerful computer, which can.
42 (answer) 
 This new computer will incorporate living beings into the "computational matrix" and will run for ten million years.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 The Northern Virginia military shootings were several attacks by a man shooting a rifle at empty military buildings.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 The first shooting was aimed at the National Museum of the Marine Corps in Triangle, Virginia on October 16, 2010.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 The second shooting happened on October 19, 2010 shortly before 5 a.m. Someone shot at the south side of The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 The building was reopened about 5:40 a.m.  The Joint Terrorism Task Force is leading the investigation into the incident.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 The same rifle was used to attack a Marine Corps recruiting center in Chantilly, Virginia on October 26.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 These attacks made the organizers of the October 31, 2010 Marine Corps Marathon upgrade the safety measures.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 On November 3, police announced that the same rifle was used to shoot at a United States Coast Guard recruiting center in Woodbridge, Virginia on late November 1 or early November 2.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 The person behind the attacks remained unknown until June 17, 2011 when Yonathan Melaku was arrested.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 He was carrying spent shell casings, a notebook containing references to the Taliban and Osama bin Laden, and plastic bags filled with ammonium nitrate, a common component of homemade explosives.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 On June 23, 2011, he was charged with two counts of willfully injuring the property of the United States.
Northern Virginia military shootings 
 The Federal Bureau of Investigation is working with the Fairfax County Police, the Prince William County police and the Pentagon Force Protection Agency to investigate the case.
Molecular symmetry 
 The molecular symmetry of the reactants help predict how the product of the reaction is made up and the energy needed for the reaction.
Molecular symmetry 
 Another idea on a larger scale is the use of crystal systems to describe crystallographic symmetry in bulk materials.
Molecular symmetry 
 Physicist Hans Bethe used characters of point group operations in his study of ligand field theory in 1929.
Molecular symmetry 
 The first character tables were compiled by László Tisza (1933), in connection to vibrational spectra.
Molecular symmetry 
 Symmetry axis: an axis around which a rotation by  results in a molecule that appears identical to the molecule before rotation.
Molecular symmetry 
 A molecule can have more than one symmetry axis; the one with the highest n is called the principal axis, and by convention is given the z-axis in a Cartesian coordinate system.
Molecular symmetry 
 Plane of symmetry: a plane of reflection through which an identical copy of the original molecule is given.
Molecular symmetry 
 Water has two of them: one in the plane of the molecule itself and one perpendicular (at right angles) to it.
Molecular symmetry 
 A symmetry plane parallel with the principal axis is dubbed vertical (σv) and one perpendicular to it horizontal (σh).
Molecular symmetry 
 A third type of symmetry plane exists: if a vertical symmetry plane additionally bisects the angle between two 2-fold rotation axes perpendicular to the principal axis, the plane is dubbed dihedral (σd).
Molecular symmetry 
 Center of symmetry or inversion center, shortened to i. A molecule has a center of symmetry when, for any atom in the molecule, an identical atom exists diametrically opposite this center an equal distance from it.
Molecular symmetry 
 Examples are xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) where the inversion center is at the Xe atom, and benzene (C6H6) where the inversion center is at the center of the ring.
Molecular symmetry 
 Rotation-reflection axis: an axis around which a  rotation by , followed by a reflection in a plane perpendicular to it, leaves the molecule unchanged.
Molecular symmetry 
 Examples are present in tetrahedral silicon tetrafluoride, with three S4 axes, and the staggered conformation of ethane with one S6 axis.
Molecular symmetry 
 Since C1 is equivalent to E, S1 to σ and S2 to i,  all symmetry operations can be classified as either proper or improper rotations.
Molecular symmetry 
 A point group is a set of symmetry operations forming a mathematical group, for which at least one point remains fixed under all operations of the group.
Molecular symmetry 
 A crystallographic point group is a point group which will work with translational symmetry in three dimensions.
Molecular symmetry 
 the result of consecutive application (composition) of any two operations is also a member of the group (closure).
Molecular symmetry 
 the group contains the identity operation, denoted E, such that AE = EA = A for any operation A in the group.
Molecular symmetry 
 For every operation A in the group, there is an inverse element A−1 in the group, for which AA−1 = A−1A = E
Molecular symmetry 
 For example, the point group for the water molecule is C2v, with symmetry operations E, C2, σv and σv'.
Molecular symmetry 
 As an example of closure, a C2 rotation followed by a σv reflection is seen to be a σv' symmetry operation: σv*C2 = σv'. (
Molecular symmetry 
 Another example is the ammonia molecule, which is pyramidal and contains a three-fold rotation axis as well as three mirror planes at an angle of 120° to each other.
Molecular symmetry 
 Thus ammonia molecule belongs to the C3v point group which has order 6: an identity element E, two rotation operations C3 and C32, and three mirror reflections σv, σv' and σv".
Molecular symmetry 
 |D∞h || E 2C∞  ∞σi i  2S∞ ∞C2 || linear with inversion center || dihydrogen, azide anion, carbon dioxide
Molecular symmetry 
 |C2v || E C2 σv(xz) σv'(yz) || angular (H2O) or see-saw (SF4) || water, sulfur tetrafluoride, sulfuryl fluoride
Molecular symmetry 
 |D2h || E C2(z) C2(y) C2(x) i σ(xy) σ(xz) σ(yz)|| planar with inversion center || ethylene, dinitrogen tetroxide, diborane
Molecular symmetry 
 |D3h || E 2C3 3C2 σh 2S3 3σv || trigonal planar or trigonal bipyramidal || boron trifluoride, phosphorus pentachloride
Molecular symmetry 
 |D5h || E 2C5 2C52 5C2 σh 2S5 2S53 5σv || pentagonal || ruthenocene, eclipsed ferrocene, C70 fullerene
Molecular symmetry 
 |D3d || E C3 3C2 i 2S6 3σd || 60° twist || ethane (staggered rotamer), cyclohexane chair conformation
Molecular symmetry 
 For any vector representing a point in Cartesian coordinates, left-multiplying it gives the new place of the point transformed by the symmetry operation.
Molecular symmetry 
 Although an infinite (going on forever) number of such representations (ways of showing things) exist, the irreducible representations (or "irreps") of the group are commonly used, as all other representations of the group can be described as a linear combination of the irreducible representations. (
Molecular symmetry 
 For each point group, a character table summarizes information on its symmetry operations and on its irreducible representations.
Molecular symmetry 
 The tables are square because there are always equal numbers of irreducible representations and groups of symmetry operations.
Molecular symmetry 
 The table itself is made of characters which show how a particular irreducible representation changes when a particular symmetry operation is applied (put to it).
Molecular symmetry 
 Any symmetry operation in a molecule's point group acting on the molecule itself will leave it unchanged.
Molecular symmetry 
 But for acting on a general entity (thing), such as a vector or an orbital, this does not have to be what happens.
Molecular symmetry 
 For simple point groups, the values are either 1 or -1: 1 means that the sign or phase (of the vector or orbital) is unchanged by the symmetry operation (symmetric) and -1 denotes a sign change (asymmetric).
Molecular symmetry 
 when the point group has an inversion center, the subscript g ( or even) signals no change in sign, and the subscript u (ungerade or uneven) a change in sign, with respect to inversion.
Molecular symmetry 
 The tables also tell the Cartesian basis vectors, rotations about them, and quadratic functions of them transformed by the symmetry operations of the group.
Molecular symmetry 
 The table also shows which irreducible representation transforms in the same way (on the right hand side of the tables).
Molecular symmetry 
 Chemists use this because chemically important orbitals (in particular p and d orbitals) have the same symmetries as these entities.
Molecular symmetry 
 The 2px orbital of oxygen is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the molecule and switches sign with a C2 and a σv'(yz) operation, but remains unchanged with the other two operations (obviously, the character for the identity operation is always +1).
Molecular symmetry 
 This orbital's character set is thus {1, -1, 1, -1}, corresponding to the B1 irreducible representation.
Molecular symmetry 
 Similarly, the 2pz orbital is seen to have the symmetry of the A1 irreducible representation, 2py B2, and the  3d''xy orbital A2.
J. Paul Getty 
 In 1957 Fortune magazine named him the richest living American, and the 1966 Guinness Book of Records named him as the world's richest private citizen, worth an estimated $1,200 million.
J. Paul Getty 
 His collection formed the basis of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California, and over $661 million of his estate was left to the museum after his death.
J. Paul Getty 
 It operates the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Getty Foundation, the Getty Research Institute, and the Getty Conservation Institute.
J. Paul Getty 
 J. Paul was one of the first people in the world with a fortune estimated at over one billion U.S. dollars.
J. Paul Getty 
 He enrolled at the University of Southern California, then at University of California, Berkeley before graduating in 1914 from Magdalen College, Oxford with degrees in economics and political science.
J. Paul Getty 
 Just before George Franklin Getty died in 1930, he believed that Jean Paul would destroy the family company, and told him so.
J. Paul Getty 
 After taking a few years off from the money-making grind to enjoy spending his earnings on women, Getty returned to Oklahoma in 1919.
J. Paul Getty 
 His succession of marriages and divorces (three during the 1920s, five throughout his life) so distressed his father, however, that J. Paul inherited a mere $500,000 of the $10 million the senior Getty left at his death in 1930.
J. Paul Getty 
 He began the acquisition (completed in 1953) of the Mission Corporation, which included Tidewater Oil and Skelly Oil.
J. Paul Getty 
 Beginning in 1949, Getty paid Ibn Saud $9.5 million in cash and $1 million a year for a 60-year concession to a tract of barren land near the border of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
J. Paul Getty 
 From 1953 onward, Getty's gamble produced  a year, which contributed greatly to the fortune which made him one of the richest people in the world.
J. Paul Getty 
 It did not come easily, perhaps inspiring Getty's widely quoted remark—"The meek shall inherit the earth, but not the mineral rights."
J. Paul Getty 
 He lived and worked at his 16th-century Tudor estate, Sutton Place near Guildford; the traditional country house became the centre of Getty Oil and his associated companies and he used the estate to entertain his British and Arabian friends (including the British Rothschild family and numerous rulers of Middle Eastern countries).
J. Paul Getty 
 Getty lived the rest of his life in the British Isles, dying of heart failure at the age of 83 on June 6, 1976.
J. Paul Getty 
 Ann Rork (1932–1936); two sons Eugene Paul Getty, later Jean Paul Getty Jr (1932–2003) and Gordon Peter Getty (born 1933)
J. Paul Getty 
 He was quoted as saying "A lasting relationship with a woman is only possible if you are a business failure".
J. Paul Getty 
 Getty famously had a pay phone installed at Sutton Place, helping to seal his reputation as a miser.
J. Paul Getty 
 Now, for months after Sutton Place was purchased, great numbers of people came in and out of the house.
J. Paul Getty 
 Each of the regular telephones in the house has direct access to outside lines and thus to long-distance and even overseas operators.
J. Paul Getty 
 They were picking up Sutton Place phones and placing calls to girlfriends in Geneva or Georgia and to aunts, uncles and third cousins twice-removed in Caracas and Cape Town.
J. Paul Getty 
 Getty placed dial-locks on all the regular telephones, limiting their use to authorised staff, and the coin-box telephone was installed for others.
J. Paul Getty 
 When speaking in a televised interview with Alan Whicker, Getty said that he thought guests would want to use a payphone .
J. Paul Getty 
 On July 10, 1973 in Rome, 16 year old John Paul Getty III was kidnapped and a ransom of $17 million was demanded over the phone for his safe return.
J. Paul Getty 
 However, "the family suspected a ploy by the rebellious teenager to extract money from his miserly grandfather."
J. Paul Getty 
 In November 1973 an envelope containing a lock of hair and a human ear was delivered to a daily newspaper.
J. Paul Getty 
 The demand threatened that Paul would be further mutilated unless $3.2 million was paid: "This is Paul’s ear.
J. Paul Getty 
 When the kidnappers finally reduced their demands to $3 million Getty senior agreed to pay  no more than $2.2 million - the maximum that would be tax deductible.
J. Paul Getty 
 After his release Paul III called his grandfather to thank him for paying the ransom but Getty refused to come to the phone.
J. Paul Getty 
 After a stroke brought on by a cocktail of drugs and alcohol in 1981, Paul III was rendered speechless, nearly blind and partially paralyzed for the rest of his life.
J. Paul Getty 
 First, he argued that to submit to the kidnappers' demands would immediately place his other fourteen grandchildren at the risk of copy-cat kidnappers.
J. Paul Getty 
 I contend that acceding to the demands of criminals and terrorists merely guarantees the continuing increase and spread of lawlessness, violence and such outrages as terror-bombings, "skyjackings" and the slaughter of hostages that plague our present-day world. (
J. Paul Getty 
 In 2018, a television series based on the events, Trust, premiered with Donald Sutherland playing Getty.
J. Paul Getty 
 Collection primarily contains letters, photographs, financial records, legal documents, and publications created or collected by J. Paul Getty and his parents, George F. Getty I and Sarah C. Getty.