the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Size-exclusion chromatography 
 Also lumped into this category are enantiomers and diastereomers which are molecules of the same molecular weight but have slightly different structures.
Communes of the Nièvre department 
 (CAN) Communauté d'agglomération (unitary authority) of Val de Loire - Val de Nièvre, created in 2003.
Thin layer chromatography 
 Thin layer chromatography (or TLC) is a method by which mixtures are separated into their individual components.
Thin layer chromatography 
 These plates consist of a layer of silica and are usually backed by a thin piece of glass, although other materials like plastic may be used.
Thin layer chromatography 
 The process of running a TLC experiment starts with placing a small droplet of liquid analyte near the bottom of the TLC plate.
Thin layer chromatography 
 It is important that the height of the solvent is below the height that the compound was spotted on the plate.
Thin layer chromatography 
 The compound will be separated into its components based upon each component’s attraction for the stationary phase versus the mobile phase.
Thin layer chromatography 
 Components that are attracted to the mobile phase more than they are attracted to the stationary phase will move further up the column.
Thin layer chromatography 
 TLC plates are also commonly dipped in stains (such as anisaldehyde, potassium permanganate, or iodine) to force a compound to appear on the plate.
Thin layer chromatography 
 Based on the results of a TLC experiment, a larger volume of mixture may be separated by another technique (like column chromatography) using a similar solvent system.
Thin layer chromatography 
 Use of different solvents will affect how well individual components are separated on the TLC plate.
Reichshofstadion 
 The stadium was built from 1952 till 1953 and was in the beginning a multipurpose stadium with a running track.
Reichshofstadion 
 During the construction of new stands the track was used so today the stadium is de facto a pure football stadium.
Reichshofstadion 
 Originally it was the homeground of Austria Lustenau, but after the promotion of FC Lustenau to the first league their stadium was not good enough for the league.
Reichshofstadion 
 The stadium offers 8 800 places, 2.126 roofed seats, 2.390 roofed and 4.284 unroofed  standing room.
Reichshofstadion 
 On 3 August 2007 the chapel of the stadium was consecrate, where fans of Austria Lustenau can merry.
Reichshofstadion 
 In May 2011 supporters of FC Lustenau coloured the main stand and a cash desk in their club colour blue, although they were originally green, which is Austrias colour.
Billiard Congress of America 
 It started in 1948 as a non-profit trade organization The BCA headquarters is in Broomfield, Colorado.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Commonwealth of the Philippines (, ) was the name of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when it was still controlled by the United States.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Philippine Commonwealth had been created by the Tydings-McDuffie Act, which was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1934.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 When Manuel L. Quezon became president in 1935, he was the first Filipino to head an elected government in the Philippines.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The President of the Philippine Commonwealth had strong control of the islands and was guided by a Supreme Court.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The National Assembly or law-making part of the government, members mostly come from the Nacionalista Party, was at first only one, but later became two, a lower part and a higher part.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Philippine Commonwealth government was forced out of the country from 1942–1945, when the Philippines was under Japanese control.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Philippine Commonwealth was also known as the Commonwealth of the Philippines, or simply as the Commonwealth.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 It had official names in Malasariling Pamahalan ng Pilipinas (pɪlɪˈpinɐs) and Mancomunidad Filipina (fɪlɪˈpinɐ).
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The 1935 constitution specifies Philippines as the country's short form name and uses Philippine Islands only to refer to pre-1935 status and institutions.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Under the previous regime, known most formally as the Territory of the Philippine Islands, both terms had official status.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Philippine Commonwealth had its own constitution, which remained effective until 1973, and was self-governing although foreign policy and military affairs would be under the responsibility of the United States, and certain legislation required the approval of the American President.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 It featured a very strong President, a single National Assembly, and a Supreme Court, all composed entirely of Filipinos, as well as an elected Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives (as Puerto Rico does today).
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 An American High Commissioner and an American Military Advisor, were also present in the government while a Field Marshall was in charge of the Philippine Army.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 In 1939-40, after an amendment in the Constitution, an upper and lower Congress, consisting of a Philippine Senate, and of a House of Representatives, was restored replacing the National Assembly.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The pre-1935 U.S. territorial administration, or Insular Government, was headed by a governor general who was appointed by the president of the U.S. In December 1932, the U.S. Congress passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act (First Philippine Independence Act) with the premise of granting Filipinos independence.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Provisions of the bill included reserving several military and naval bases for the United States, as well as imposing tariffs and quotas on Philippine exports.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 It was vetoed by President Herbert Hoover but the American Congress overrode his veto in 1933 and passed the bill.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The bill, however, was opposed by the then Philippine Senate President Manuel L. Quezon and was also rejected by the Philippine Senate.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 This led to the creation and passing of a new bill known as Tydings-McDuffie Act, or Philippine Independence Act, which allowed the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines with a 10-year period of peaceful transition to full independence.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 On February 8, 1935, the 1935 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines was approved by the convention by a vote of 177 to 1.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The constitution was approved by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 23, 1935 and ratified by popular vote on May 14, 1935.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Candidates included former president Emilio Aguinaldo, the Philippine Independent Church leader Gregorio Aglipay, and others.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña of the Nacionalista Party were proclaimed the winners, winning the seats of president and vice-president, respectively.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Commonwealth Government was inaugurated on the morning of November 15, 1935, in ceremonies held on the steps of the Old Congress Building in Manila.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The new government embarked on ambitious nation-building policies in preparation for economic and political independence.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 These included national defense (such as the National Defense Act of 1935, which organized a conscription for service in the country), greater control over the economy, the perfection of democratic institutions, reforms in education, improvement of transport, the promotion of local capital, industrialization, and the colonization of Mindanao.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 However, uncertainties, especially in the diplomatic and military situation in Southeast Asia, in the level of U.S. commitment to the future Republic of the Philippines, and in the economy due to the Great Depression, proved to be major problems.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The situation was further complicated by the presence of agrarian unrest, and of power struggles between Osmeña and Quezon, especially after Quezon was permitted to be re-elected after one six-year term.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 A proper evaluation of the policies' effectiveness or failure is difficult due to Japanese invasion and occupation during World War II.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Philippine Commonwealth government drafted the Philippine Army into the U.S. Army Forces Far East, which would resist Japanese occupation.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Manila was declared an open city to prevent its destruction, and it was occupied by the Japanese on January 2, 1942.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Meanwhile, battles against the Japanese continued on the Bataan Peninsula, Corregidor, and Leyte, until the final surrender of United States-Philippine forces on May 1942.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Quezon and Osmeña were escorted by troops from Manila to Corregidor, and later they left for Australia and then the U.S. There they set up a government in exile, which participated in the Pacific War Council as well as the Declaration by United Nations.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Meanwhile, the Japanese military organized a new government in the Philippines known as the Second Philippine Republic, which was headed by president José P. Laurel.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 This included the Hukbalahap ("People's Army Against the Japanese"), which consisted of 30,000 armed people and controlled much of Central Luzon.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Remnants of the Philippine Army also fought the Japanese through guerrilla warfare, and it was successful, since all but 12 of the 48 provinces were liberated.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The American General Douglas MacArthur's army landed on Leyte on 20 October 1944, and they were all welcomed as liberators, along with Philippine Commonwealth troops when other amphibious landings soon followed.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Fighting continued in remote corners of the Philippines, until Japan's  surrender in August 1945, which was signed on 2 September in Tokyo Bay.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Estimates for Filipino casualties reached one million, and Manila was extensively damaged when certain Japanese forces refused to vacate the city (against their orders from the Japanese High Command).
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 After the War in the Philippines, the Philippine Commonwealth was restored, and a one-year transitional period in preparation for independence began.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Elections followed in April 1946 with Manuel Roxas winning as the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines and Elpidio Quirino winning as vice-president.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 In spite of the years of Japanese occupation, the Philippines became independent exactly as scheduled a decade before, on July 4, 1946.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Commonwealth ended when the U.S. recognized Philippine independence on July 4, 1946, as scheduled.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 However, the economy remained dependent to the U.S. This was due to the Bell Trade Act, otherwise known as the Philippine Trade Act, which was a precondition for receiving war rehabilitation grants from the United States.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 At the time, tenant farmers held grievances often rooted to debt caused by the sharecropping system, as well as by the dramatic increase in population, which added economic pressure to the tenant farmers' families.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 An example of these clashes includes one initiated by Benigno Ramos through his Sakdalista movement, which advocated tax reductions, land reforms, the breakup of the large estates or haciendas, and the severing of American ties.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Due to the diverse number of Philippine languages, a program for the "development and adoption of a common national language based on the existing native dialects" was drafted in the 1935 Philippine constitution.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Commonwealth created a Surian ng Wikang Pambansa (National Language Institute), which was composed of Quezon and six other members from various ethnic groups.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 A deliberation was held, and the Tagalog (due to its extensive literary tradition) was selected as the basis for the "national language" to be called "Philipino".
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 In 1940, the Commonwealth authorized the creation of a dictionary and grammar book for the language.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 On the same year, Commonwealth Act 570 was passed, allowing Pilipino to become an official language upon independence.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Other foreign income came from money spent at the American army, navy, and air bases in the Philippines, such as the naval base at Subic Bay and Clark Air Base.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 In 1941, the estimated population of the Philippines reached 17,000,000 while Manila's population was 684,000.
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 The Present Government of the Philippines  Book written by Maximo Kalaw detailing the functions of the different branches of the Philippine Commonwealth
Commonwealth of the Philippines 
 Parallel and Divergent Aspects of British Rule in the Raj, French Rule in Indochina, Dutch Rule in the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), and American Rule in the Philippines
Österreichischer Fußball- Bund 
 The Austrian Football Association (ÖFB) (German: Österreichischer Fußball-Bund) is the highest body of football in Austria.
Österreichischer Fußball- Bund 
 It organizes the football league Austrian Bundesliga, the Austrian Cup and the Austrian national team, and the same items in women's football.
Österreichischer Fußball- Bund 
 the first football club was founded, and 10 years later the Österreichischer Fußball-Bund (Austrian Football Association).
Österreichischer Fußball- Bund 
 Until 1904, the Österreichische Fußball-Union was the leading body in Austrian football, but it dissolved after the foundation of the ÖFB.
Österreichischer Fußball- Bund 
 Also, after the Second World War, Austria played in different FIFA-World Cups: 1954, 1958, 1978, 1982, 1990, and 1998.
Österreichischer Fußball- Bund 
 The last international tournament was the UEFA Euro 2008 which was hosted by Austria and Switzerland.
Bill Nighy 
 He starred in the movies Love Actually and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest and Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End as Davy Jones.
Flame ionization detector 
 Detection is done by first turning the gas compounds into ions and electrons and then collecting the charged molecules.
Flame ionization detector 
 The samples often contain impurities such as water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides (NO), and noble gases.
Flame ionization detector 
 This makes the FID a very useful detector because the samples being tested do not have to be purified before being tested.
Flame ionization detector 
 FID can be used to detect very small amounts of material, as small as 10-13 g/s. It is also accurate over a large range of molecule amounts (a range of over 107).
Little Wing 
 "Little Wing'" is a 1967 psychedelic rock song by the English band The Jimi Hendrix Experience and was featured on their album Axis: Bold as Love.
Little Wing 
 The song was ranked as #357 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 
 Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is a 2011 American fantasy comedy adventure movie that was produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and was directed by Rob Marshall.
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 
 Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides was released on May 18 and May 20, 2011 in North America.
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 
 The movie was the fourth movie in the Pirates of the Caribbean francise by Disney and the first and currently the only to be directed by Rob Marshall.
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 
 Despite receiving mixed reviews from film critics, the film was well welcomed from audiences and fans which praised its story, humor, directing, cast performances (especially those of Depp and Rush), Zimmer's musical score, emotional weight and the action scenes but it was criticizied for being really inferior to the first three movies and the character of Angelica Teach.
Cashpoint Arena Altach 
 It is the homeground of SCR Rheindorf Altach, a football club playing in Austrian Football First League, which is the second level in Austrias football.
Cashpoint Arena Altach 
 After the promotion to the Bundesliga a new stand  with 1 800 seats was built because the Bundesliga regulates 3000 seats at least.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 Time-domain spectroscopy is a type of spectroscopy that measures the power of electromagnetic radiation as a function of time.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 So when looking at two monochromatic lights, they can be graphed as two lines in the frequency-domain (this plot shows power, P(ν), as a function of frequency).
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 The same two lights can be plotted as the sum of their waves in the time-domain (this plot shows power, P(t), as a function of time).
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 Phototransducers (instruments that convert light to information readable by a computer) cannot make measurements that quickly.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 For optical spectroscopy (such as infrared spectroscopy) the most common way to do this is by using a Michelson interferometer.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 Monochromatic light traveling through a Michelson interferometer is split into two beams by a beam splitter.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 If the two mirrors are the same distance apart, they meet at the beam splitter in-phase and show constructive interference.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 When the movable mirror has moved a distance equal to ¼ of the light's wavelength, the extra distance it travels is ½ the light's wavelength.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 So moving the mirror a total distance of ½ the wavelength of light means the spectra will show one complete cycle.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 One could then plot the power of radiation as a function of distance traveled by the movable mirror.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 However, by knowing the speed of the movable mirror the power of radiation can be plotted as a function of time.
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 Most time-domain spectroscopy experiments involve broadband radiation (radiation that consists of a large range of wavelengths).
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 Time-domain spectroscopy is used very often in infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and NMR spectroscopy(FT-NMR).
Time-domain spectroscopy 
 So not only is the time-domain experiment faster, but it can also have a better signal to noise ratio.
Merle Haggard 
 Merle Ronald Haggard (April 6, 1937 – April 6, 2016) was an American country music singer and songwriter.
Merle Haggard 
 On April 6, 2016, Haggard died at his home in Palo Cedro, California from complications of pneumonia.
Battlefield 3 
 Battlefield 3 is the 11th game in the Battlefield video games series, and it is next part of Battlefield 2 (2005).
Gut flora 
 The human body, consisting of about 100 trillion cells, carries about ten times as many microorganisms in the intestines.
Gut flora 
 The metabolic activities performed by these bacteria resemble those of an organ, leading some to call gut flora a 'forgotten organ'.
Gut flora 
 It is estimated that these gut flora have around 100 times as many genes in aggregate as there are in the human genome.
Gut flora 
 Fungi and protozoa also make up a part of the gut flora, but little is known about their activities.
Gut flora 
 Research suggests that the relationship between gut flora and humans is not merely commensal (a non-harmful coexistence), but rather a symbiotic relationship.
Gut flora 
 Though people can survive without gut flora, the microorganisms perform a host of useful functions, such as fermenting unused energy substrates, training the immune system, preventing growth of harmful, pathogenic bacteria, regulating the development of the gut, producing vitamins for the host (such as biotin and vitamin K), and producing hormones to direct the host to store fats.
Gut flora 
 However, in some conditions, some species can cause disease by producing an infection or increasing cancer risk for the host.
Gut flora 
 Such food compounds as polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides may be useful for good bacteria and help reduce pathogenic species of human gut flora.
Gut flora 
 Over 99% of the bacteria in the gut are anaerobic, but in the cecum, aerobic bacteria reach high densities.
Gut flora 
 The traditional view is that no metazoan phylum can break down cellulose by producing the enzyme cellulase.
Gut flora 
 About 33% of all plant matter is cellulose (the cellulose content of cotton is 90% and that of wood is 40–50%).
First-past-the-post voting 
 First-past-the-post is a voting system used by some countries to elect their governments or the members of their parliaments.
First-past-the-post voting 
 In these constituencies people known as candidates, each of whom usually represents a different political party, will stand for election to the country's parliament.
First-past-the-post voting 
 In the individual constituencies, the candidate who gets the most votes from people, wins the race to be elected to a seat in parliament.
First-past-the-post voting 
 It is in contrast to the majority system, where the winning candidate must have more votes than all other candidates combined.
First-past-the-post voting 
 If no single party wins over 50% of the seats, then either the party with the most seats can form a minority government, or a coalition government can be formed from two or more of the other political parties who together have over 50% of the seats.
First-past-the-post voting 
 Countries using first-past-the-post include the United Kingdom, Canada, India and partly in the United States.
First-past-the-post voting 
 First-past-the-post, often called 'plurality voting', is the most common method for electing representatives in the United States and some other countries.
First-past-the-post voting 
 Political parties often use a primary in order to avoid splitting their party vote in a general election.
First-past-the-post voting 
 For example, if 60% of the voters are Republican, and 40% Democrat, but two Republicans run for the same office and each get 30% of the vote, the Democrat would win with 40%, since that is the most votes, even if 60% of voters least preferred the Democrat.
First-past-the-post voting 
 If more than two candidates are on the general election ballot, voters often compromise vote an acceptable candidate whom they think  has a chance of winning.
First-past-the-post voting 
 Opponents of plurality voting argue that the media has too much power since they tell people which of the two has a chance and that voting for a third candidate is in effect voting for the worse of the two strong candidates.
First-past-the-post voting 
 It is theoretically possible that the two "front runner" candidates not to be not centrist and not to represent the people.
First-past-the-post voting 
 Proponents of plurality voting argue that it is very simple and that it forces voters to elect a centrist candidate through compromise voting.
First-past-the-post voting 
 To avoid its problems, some elections require a minimum percentage of votes, or a majority, through a "run-off election".
First-past-the-post voting 
 In a first-past-the-post system, candidate A wins because that candidate received more votes than anyone else.
Ultraviolet–visible absorption 
 Ultraviolet-visible absorption is a process where a molecule absorbs ultraviolet or visible light that excites electrons (makes them high energy).