the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 This made him a good choice to be the first Governor-General of the Commonwealth, and he was appointed in July 1900.
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 Hopetoun's first job was to choose a Prime Minister to form a government, which would start on 1 January 1901.
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 The first elections were not going to be held until March, so he could not choose the leader of the biggest political party in the House of Representatives.
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 Instead, he asked Sir William Lyne, the Premier of the largest state, New South Wales, to be Prime Minister
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 While this was a reasonable choice, Lyne had opposed federation and was unpopular with the leading federalist politicians.
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 Hopetoun then asked Edmund Barton, the leader of the federal movement and the man everybody thought should be the Prime Minister.
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 They also did not like the regal pomp and ceremony that Hopetoun used in his position, and the money that this cost.
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 In May 1901, Fleming protested against unemployment in Melbourne by rushing onto the Prince's Bridge to stop the Governor-General's carriage.
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 Finally, there was a problem with how much the Governor-General should be paid to have a house in both Sydney, the largest city, and Melbourne, the home of the Australian government.
John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
 His son Victor, the 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow became the longest-serving Viceroy of India 1936-43, a job he had always wanted.
Henry Walter Bates 
 Henry Walter Bates (Leicester, 8 February 1825 – London, 16 February 1892) was an English biologist who explored the Amazon Rainforest.
Henry Walter Bates 
 When Bates arrived home in 1859, he had sent back over 14,000 species (mostly of insects) of which 8,000 were new to science.
Henry Walter Bates 
 The plan was to defray expenses by sending specimens back to London, where an agent would sell them for a commission.
Henry Walter Bates 
 Also, for the travellers to "gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species", as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates.
Henry Walter Bates 
 The two friends, who were both by now experienced amateur entomologists, met in London to prepare themselves by viewing South American plants and animals in the main collections.
Henry Walter Bates 
 Bates and Wallace sailed from Liverpool in April 1848, arriving in Pará (now Belém) at the end of May.
Henry Walter Bates 
 Eventually, Bates' health deteriorated and he returned to England, sending his collection by three different ships.
Henry Walter Bates 
 Bates wrote a famous book on his experiences: The naturalist on the river Amazons.<ref>The Naturalist on the River Amazons Henry Walter Bates</ref>
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Alfred Russel Wallace OM, FRS (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, biologist and social activist.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 After a few years of working as a railway surveyor with his brother, Wallace's life was changed by meeting Henry Walter Bates in Leicester in 1847.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 The plan was to defray expenses by sending specimens back to London, where an agent would sell them for a commission.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Also, for the travellers to "gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species", as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 The two friends, who were both by now experienced amateur entomologists, met in London to prepare themselves by viewing South American plants and animals in the main collections.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Bates and Wallace sailed from Liverpool in April 1848, arriving in Pará (now Belém) at the end of May.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Wallace continued charting the Amazon for four years, collecting specimens and making notes on the peoples, the languages, the geography, flora, and fauna.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 After twenty-eight days at sea, balsam in the ship's cargo caught fire and the crew was forced to abandon ship.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 From 1854 to 1862, age 31 to 39, Wallace travelled through the Dutch East Indies (now Malaysia and Indonesia), to collect specimens for sale and to study nature.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Wallace collected more than 125,000 specimens in the Dutch East Indies (more than 80,000 beetles alone).
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 His observations of the clear zoological differences across a narrow strait in the archipelago led to his proposing the zoogeographical boundary now known as the Wallace Line.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Bali and Lombok were two islands in the archipelago only 17 miles apart at the widest (28 km), roughly the same size and with the same climate, soil, elevation and aspect.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 "In this archipelago there are two distinct faunas rigidly circumscribed, which differ as much as do those of Africa and South America... yet there is nothing on the map or on the face of the islands to mark their limits.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 I believe the western part to be a separated portion of continental Asia, while the eastern is a fragmentary prolongation of a former west Pacific continent".
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Why was it, he wondered, that the animals and plants on the Bali side of the channel were of Asian types, while those on the Lombok side were Australasian in type?
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 This had to mean that the western group had evolved from common western stock, while the eastern group had evolved from a common eastern stock.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 While he was exploring the archipelago, he refined his thoughts about evolution and had his famous insight on natural selection.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 In 1858 he sent an article outlining his theory to Darwin; it was published, along with a description of Darwin's own theory, in the same year.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Accounts of his studies and adventures there were eventually published in 1869 as The Malay Archipelago.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 It was praised by Charles Darwin and Charles Lyell and by others, such as the novelist Joseph Conrad, who called it his "favorite bedside companion".
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Both he and Bates had read Vestiges, a controversial work of popular science, published anonymously in 1844.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 He also read Malthus's Principle of population, which he says "twenty years later gave me the long-sought clue to the effective agent in the evolution of organic species".
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 "I thought of [Malthus's] clear exposition of the 'positive checks to increase' – disease, accidents, wars, famine – which keep down the population... It then occurred to me that the same causes, or their equivalents, are
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 And the answer came clearly, that on the whole the best fitted live... Then it suddenly flashed upon me, that this self-acting process would necessarily improve the race..."
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 In 1864 Wallace published a paper, The origin of human races and the antiquity of Man deduced from the theory of natural selection, applying the theory to human beings.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Huxley had already published his view that evolution applied to mankind as it did to other living things.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Wallace thought that natural selection could not account for mathematical, artistic, or musical genius, as well as metaphysical musings, wit and humour.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 He eventually said that something in "the unseen universe of Spirit" had interceded at least three times in history.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 As one historian of science has pointed out, Wallace's views in this area were at odds with two major tenets of Darwinism.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 It is thought by most biographers that his thinking on the evolution of man was influenced by his adoption of spiritualism, which happened at the same time.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Even when Huxley told him that one of his favourite mediums was a proven fraud, he refused to believe it.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Wallace's public support of spiritualism, and his defence of spiritualist mediums against allegations of fraud, damaged his scientific reputation.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 It strained his relationships with friends such as Bates, Huxley and Darwin, who felt he was overly credulous.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Wallace and other scientists who defended spiritualism were subject to much criticism from the press, with The Lancet, the leading English medical journal, being particularly harsh.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 The controversy affected the public's idea of Wallace for the rest of his career, though he was always respected in other ways.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 He wrote against vaccination, for phrenology, for spiritualism, for land nationalisation, against the moon having canals, and for social change and the progress and improvement of mankind.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 He was a kind and honourable person, but he could be a tough opponent if he thought something unfair was going on.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Bad Times: an essay on the depression of trade, tracing it to its sources in enormous foreign loans, excessive war expenditure, the increase of speculation and of millionaires, and their depopulation of the rural districts; with suggested remedies.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 Being a comparison of the system of landlord and tenant with that of occupying ownership in their influence on the wellbeing of the people.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 This essay was written for the purpose of influencing Parliament, and securing the speedy abolition of the unjust, cruel, and pernicious Vaccination laws.
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 For this purpose, it has been necessary to speak plainly of the ignorance and incompetence displayed by the Royal Commission, proofs of which I give from their Final Report and the evidence they have collected and printed. (
Alfred Russel Wallace 
 1858 On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type (this is the famous paper on natural selection)
Nikolai Vavilov 
 Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov  (25 November 1887 – 26 January 1943) was a Russian botanist and geneticist.
Nikolai Vavilov 
 He devoted his life to agriculture: the study and improvement of wheat, corn, and other cereal crops.
Nikolai Vavilov 
 By 1940, Vavilov had accumulated a collection of 200,000 plant seeds from the Soviet Union and from abroad.
Nikolai Vavilov 
 The weeds come to look like the crop because the weeders pick those weeds which look most different.
Nikolai Vavilov 
 Having become a crop like the wheat, rye was able to become a crop plant in harsh areas, such as hills and mountains.
Gilbert White 
 This was a collection of his letters to Thomas Pennant, the leading British zoologist of the day, and the Hon.
Gilbert White 
 He was one of the first people to separate the similar-looking Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler and Wood Warbler by means of their song.
Gilbert White 
 White is regarded by many as England's first ecologist and one of the founders of modern respect for nature.
Gilbert White 
 The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, in the County of Southampton: with engravings and an appendix.
Gilbert White 
 A Naturalist's Calendar, with observations in various branches of natural history, extracted from the papers of the late Rev. Gilbert White of Selborne, Hampshire, Senior Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford.
Charles Lyell 
 Round the house is farmland, but within a short distance to the north-west are the Grampian Mountains in the Scottish Highlands.
Charles Lyell 
 He was also fortunate that his family's second home was in a completely different area: at Bartley Lodge in the New Forest, England.
Charles Lyell 
 Lyell's interpretation of geologic change as the steady accumulation of minute changes over enormously long spans of time was a big influence on his young friend, Charles Darwin.
John Ray 
 John Ray (29 November 1627 – 17 January 1705) was an English naturalist, sometimes referred to as the father of English natural history.
John Ray 
 This was in 1644, when the Puritans were making war against Charles I. When he got his bachelor's degree in 1648, he continued as a Fellow of Trinity College.
John Ray 
 The Act of Uniformity of 1662 made the Book of Common Prayer compulsory in religious services, which was opposed by those of Puritan beliefs.
John Ray 
 Ray would not sign the affidavit, so he was forced to resign his Fellowship, and could not work as a priest.
John Ray 
 After Ray joined up with a former student, Francis Willughby, the pair spent three years in continental Europe, discovering what the latest scientific ideas were.
John Ray 
 When he returned to England in Spring 1666, he joined the new Royal Society, and devoted himself to the study of natural history.
John Ray 
 His most important scientific works were supported financially by the Royal Society, whose President at a critical time in the 1680s was Samuel Pepys.
John Ray 
 His classification of plants in his Historia Plantarum, was an important step towards modern taxonomy.
John Ray 
 "Ray sweeps away the litter of mythology and fable... and always insists upon accuracy of observation and description and the testing of every new discovery".p10
John Ray 
 In fact, the book was Ray's, based on preliminary notes by Francis Willughby".p52 Chapter 12 "Willughby and Ray laid the foundation of scientific ornithology".
John Ray 
 The third volume lacked plates, so his assistant James Petiver published Petiver's Catalogue in parts, 1715–1764, with plates.
John Ray 
 The work on the first two volumes was supported by subscriptions from the President and Fellows of the Royal Society.
John Ray 
 It was in the vein later called natural theology, explaining the adaptation of living creatures as the work of God.
John Ray 
 Ray insisted that fossils had once been alive, in opposition to his friends Martin Lister and Edward Llwyd. "
John Ray 
 These [fossils] were originally the shells and bones of living fishes and other animals bred in the sea".
John Ray 
 Raven commented that this was "The fullest and most enlightened treatment by an Englishman" of that time.p426
John Ray 
 This is the 3rd edition of Miscellaneous discourses, the last by Ray before his death, and delayed in publication.
John Ray 
 Its main importance is that Ray recanted his former acceptance of fossils, apparently because he was theologically troubled by the implications of extinction.p37 Robert Hooke, like Nicolas Steno, was in no doubt about the biological origin of fossils.
John Ray 
 Hooke made the point that some fossils were no longer living, for example Ammonites: this was the source of Ray's concern.p327
John Ray 
 The only libraries with substantial holdings are all in England.p153 The list in order of holdings is:
WWE Diva Search 
 The WWE Diva Search was a competition held by the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) which ran from 2003 to 2007.
WWE Diva Search 
 The aim of the contest was to find a new WWE Diva, from the 2004 contest onwards the winner of the contest was offered a WWE Contract which was worth $250,000.
WWE Diva Search 
 Despite only one winner of the competition each year (excluding 2003) the WWE has signed multiple diva search contestants, including Candice Michelle, Taryn Terrell and many others.
WWE Diva Search 
 In 2003 the first Diva Search was held, however the winner of the first Diva Search Jaime Koeppe did not receive a contract.
WWE Diva Search 
 Despite Christy Hemme winning, the WWE hired many other Divas also featured within the contest, this included, Michelle McCool, Amy Weber, Candice Michelle, Maria Kennllis and Joy Giovanni.
WWE Diva Search 
 Like the previous year's Diva Search, Ashley Massaro was not the only Diva WWE hired, this included, Kristal Marshall, Trenesha Biggers and Elisabeth Rouffaer.
WWE Diva Search 
 Like the past two years this also featured the WWE hiring many losing Divas, this included, Milena Roucka, the Garcia Twins, Rebecca DiPietro, Amy Zidian and Maryse Ouellet.
WWE Diva Search 
 WWE like in the previous years WWE hired runner-ups, this included, Taryn Terrell, Lena Yada  and Angela Fong.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 Vladimir Samoylovich Horowitz (, Vladimir Samojlovich Horovitz) (October 1, 1903 – November 5, 1989) was a Russian-American classical pianist.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 Horowitz was born in Kiev, which was a part of the Russian Empire at the time, to a Jewish family in 1903.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 In 1912 he joined Kiev University where he was taught by Vladimir Puchalsky, Sergei Tarnowsky, and Felix Blumenfeld.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 Horowitz got more and more famous but was often paid in food rather than money because Russia wasn't very rich.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 When World War II started in 1939, Horowitz decided to live in the U. S. He became an American citizen in 1944.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 Horowitz was very proud of being an American, and decided to make a piano version of Sousa's The Stars and Stripes Forever.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 He played many concerts to raise money for the war effort, and he asked people to call him "the American pianist."
Vladimir Horowitz 
 Horowitz began playing music written by an American composer, Samuel Barber, and gave the world’s first performances of the Barber's Piano Sonata and Excursions.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 During World War II, Horowitz also played a lot of Russian music, giving the first performances in America of Prokofiev's Piano Sonatas Nos.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 Horowitz stopped playing concerts four times (1936 to 1938, 1953 to 1965, 1969 to 1974, and 1983 to 1985), as he was unsure that he was good enough, even when he was popular.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 His 1932 recording of the Liszt Sonata is still considered by many to be the best ever, even though many other pianists have recorded it.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 1 in G minor, and many of Rachmaninoff’s short pieces, including Polka de W.R.  Horowitz was praised for his way of playing the Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 Horowitz was also well known for playing quieter works like Schumann's Scenes of Childhood, Scarlatti sonatas, and some Mozart and Haydn sonatas.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 3 with Albert Coates and the London Symphony Orchestra (the first time that piece was recorded) and Franz Liszt's Sonata in B minor.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 At the time, Russia and the United States were trying to be more friendly with each other, and Horowitz’s concerts were part of that effort.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 The concert in Russia’s capitol, Moscow, was shown on TV, and people in the audience could be seen wiping tears from their eyes.
Vladimir Horowitz 
 When Horowitz returned to the United States, President Ronald Reagan gave him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 Thomas Henry Huxley PC PRS (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist who  specialised in comparative anatomy.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 Today he is sometimes called Darwin's Bulldog for his support of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 Huxley was slow to accept some of Darwin's ideas, but he was wholehearted in his public support of Darwin.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 Huxley also developed scientific education in Britain, and fought against the more extreme forms of religion.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 These activities had a big effect on the way people in Britain and elsewhere thought about the world.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 Another of his ideas was that birds evolved from small carnivorous dinosaurs, which is now known to be true.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 He went ashore in New Guinea and the eastern coast of Australia, to study the animals, and the native peoples.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 He fell in love with a girl in Sydney, Australia, and some years later they married and had children.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 This led him into a clash with Richard Owen, a man who was disliked for his behaviour, but admired for his skill.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 There he deals with the evolution of man, before Charles Darwin published his Descent of Man in 1871.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 By the time he retired there were professors in biology in most universities, and a broad agreement on what should be taught.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 Huxley was against organised religion, but he thought the Bible's moral teachings and use of language helped English life. "
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 However, what Huxley proposed was to create an edited version of the Bible, without "shortcomings and errors... These tender children [should] not be taught that which you do not yourselves believe".
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 The London School Board voted against his idea, but it also voted against the idea that public money should be used to support students attending church schools.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 Huxley said "I will never be a party to enabling the state to sweep the children of this country into denominational schools".
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 The Act of Parliament which founded board schools allowed the reading of the Bible, but did not permit any particular religious doctrine to be taught.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 It may be right to see Huxley as helping the secularisation of British society which gradually occurred over the following century.
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 Ernst Mayr said "It can hardly be doubted that [biology] has helped to undermine traditional beliefs and value systems".
Thomas Henry Huxley 
 The subjects included medical law, contagious diseases, vivisection; fisheries; universities in Scotland, and science education in Ireland.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 Theodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky (; ; January 25, 1900 – December 18, 1975) was a noted geneticist and an evolutionary biologist.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 Dobzhansky was born in Ukraine (then part of Imperial Russia) and emigrated to the United States in 1927.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 He was a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work on the fruit-fly Drosophila.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 Dobzhansky was important in the modern evolutionary synthesis, which was the synthesis of evolutionary biology with genetics.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 After graduation he moved to St Petersburg (then called Leningrad), and studied under Yuri Filipchenko, who had a Drosophila lab.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 He worked with Thomas Hunt Morgan at Columbia University, who had pioneered the use of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) in genetics experiments.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 He discovered that regional varieties of flies were more similar to each other genetically than to flies from other regions.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 In 1937 Dobzhansky published one of the major works of the modern evolutionary synthesis, entitled Genetics and the Origin of Species.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 During this time he had a falling out with one of his Drosophila collaborators, Alfred Sturtevant, based perhaps on professional competition.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution  The American Biology Teacher 35: (March): 125-129.
Theodosius Dobzhansky 
 reprints the 43 papers in this series, all but two of which were authored or co-authored by Dobzhansky)
Julian Huxley 
 Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 June 1887 – 14 February 1975) was an English evolutionary biologist, humanist and internationalist.
Julian Huxley 
 He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London (1935–1942), the first Director of UNESCO, and a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund.
Julian Huxley 
 His brother was the writer Aldous Huxley, and his half-brother, a fellow biologist and Nobel laureate, Andrew Huxley; and his paternal grandfather was Thomas Henry Huxley, a friend and supporter of Charles Darwin and proponent of evolution.
Julian Huxley 
 Huxley was well known for his presentation of science in books and articles, and on radio and television.
Julian Huxley 
 He was awarded UNESCO's Kalinga Prize for the popularisation of science in 1953, the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1956, and the Darwin-Wallace medal of the Linnean Society in 1958.