the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Cuckoo 
 If the cuckoo lays her egg too late, when the reed warbler has finished laying, this will be noticed, too.
Cuckoo 
 When the female cuckoo thinks it is the right moment she will fly down to the reed warblers' nest, pushes one reed warbler egg out of the nest, lays her egg and flies off.
Cuckoo 
 About 56 of the Old World and 3 of the New World cuckoo species are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other birds.
Cuckoo 
 They have two distinct layers with an outer chalky layer that is believed to provide resistance to cracking when the eggs are dropped in the host nest.
Cuckoo 
 This has been produced by natural selection, as some birds are able to distinguish cuckoo eggs from their own.
Cuckoo 
 Thus, the species as a whole parasitizes a wide variety of hosts, but each line of females specializes in a single host species.
Cuckoo 
 Genes regulating egg colour are passed down only along the maternal line, no doubt on the sex chromosome.
Cuckoo 
 Females are thought to imprint on the host species which raised them; later they only parasitize nests of that species.
Cuckoo 
 Male cuckoos fertilize females of all lines, so gene flow takes place between the different maternal lines.
Cuckoo 
 The detail and near-perfection of the cuckoo nest parasitism, and the defences of the host birds, are extraordinary.
Cuckoo 
 There are other birds which practice nest parasitism (such as the cowbirds) but these other systems are much less specialized.
Cuckoo 
 In Britain, for example, it arrives in April and the adults start for Africa by the end of June or early July.
Sannerville 
 On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saline, but this merger was undone on 31 December 2019.
Troarn 
 On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saline, but this merger was undone on 31 December 2019.
Villers-sur-Mer 
 Villers-sur-Mer is a commune in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in northwest France.
Southern Railway (UK) 
 The largest of these were the London and South Western Railway, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, and the South Eastern and Chatham Railway.
Southern Railway (UK) 
 The SR contained notable examples of civil engineering, linking London with the Channel ports, South West England and Kent.
Southern Railway (UK) 
 Construction of what was to become the Southern began in 1838 with the opening of the London and Southampton Railway, which was renamed the London and South Western Railway.
Electric multiple unit 
 An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of many carriages using electricity as the motive power.
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 This page lists every locomotive allocated a TOPS classification and all modern traction (e.g. diesel, electric, gas turbine, petrol) stock used on the mainline network since 1948 (i.e. British Railways and post-privatisation).
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 A large number of different shunter types were purchased by British Rail and its predecessors, many of which were withdrawn prior to the introduction of TOPS.
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 The tables below attempt to list the different types and the different classifications used to describe them as clearly as possible:
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 Shunter classes are listed by 1955 class, which puts TOPS classes in ascending order, and generally puts 1948 and 1962 classes in ascending order.
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 Unclassed shunters are placed at the start of the table; TOPS class 07 has been placed so its 1962 class is in the logical place.
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 Relation between TOPS, 1948, 1955 and 1962 classes, and 1948, 1957 and TOPS numbers (unless otherwsie given):
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 Locomotives for TOPS classes 24 and 26 have their original sub-classes shown, as each wholly comprised locomotives from a distinct 1962 class.
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 Relation between TOPS, 1948, 1955 and 1962 classes, and 1948, 1957 and TOPS numbers (unless otherwise given):
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 Relation between TOPS, 1955 and 1962 classes, and pre-TOPS and TOPS numbers (unless otherwise given):
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 When British Rail implemented the TOPS system for managing their operating stock, part of their shipping fleet was incorporated into the system as Class 99, in order to circumvent some of the restrictions of the application software.
List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes 
 A number of TOPS class numbers were allocated to proposed locomotives, both diesel and electric, which for many reasons were not proceeded with.
List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes 
 This page lists every electric-powered multiple unit allocated a TOPS classification or used on the mainline network since 1948 (i.e. British Railways and post-privatisation).
List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes 
 Where clearances for the overhead wires on the Great Eastern Main Line and London, Tilbury and Southend railway routes were below standard, a reduced voltage of 6.25 kV AC was used.
List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes 
 Under the computer numbering, AC units (including mixed-voltage units that can also work off a DC supply) were given a class in the range 300-399.
List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes 
 DC units operate off 650-850 V direct current (DC) from a third rail on the Southern Region and North London, Merseyside and Tyneside networks.
List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes 
 The Manchester South Junction & Altrincham and "Woodhead" and initially the Great Eastern Railway routes used 1,500 V DC from overhead wires.
List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes 
 These use electrical switching devices (thyristors and transistors) and have electronic power control.
List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes 
 The Southern Railway and its successor, the Southern Region of British Rail, used three letter codes to classify their DC EMU fleets, as shown after the TOPS class numbers.
List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes 
 The DC electric network around Tyneside had been de-electrified by the time TOPS was introduced, and the stock withdrawn or transferred to the Southern Region.
List of British Rail departmental multiple unit classes 
 The 900 series classes were reserved for multiple units in departmental stock, most of which were converted from old passenger units.
List of British Rail departmental multiple unit classes 
 In broad terms, classes 930-935 were allocated to Southern Region multiple units (ex-200 and 400 series), 936 & 937 to other EMUs (ex-300 and 500 series) and 960 to other DMUs (ex-100 series).
List of British Rail departmental multiple unit classes 
 The original use for the Southern Region (SR) classes are included in brackets; these designations have been less rigidly applied in recent years.
British United Traction 
 British United Traction (BUT) was a joint company owned by the Associated Equipment Company and Leyland Motors which produced railway equipment and trolleybuses.
British Rail Derby Lightweight 
 The British Rail Derby Lightweight diesel multiple units, were the first such trains to be built en-masse for British Railways.
British Rail Derby Lightweight 
 The units were built in various formations, including two single car units, 12 power-twin 2-car units, 84 power-trailer 2-car units, and four 4-car units.
British Rail Metro-Cammell 
 In 1955, Metropolitan Cammell produced its first lightweight Diesel multiple units, the prototypes of what were to become British Rail's most successful and longest-lived First Generation DMU type, the Class 101.
British Rail Railbuses 
 British Rail produced a variety of Railbuses as a means both of building new rolling stock cheaply, and to provide services on lightly-used lines economically.
GWR railcars 
 In 1933, the Great Western Railway introduced the first of what was to become a very successful series of railcars, which survived in regular use into the 1960s, when they were replaced with the new British Rail "first generation" type diesel multiple units.
LMS railcars 
 The  London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) introduced a number of railcars to service between 1933 and 1939.
Pacer 
 Pacers were built as a stopgap because British Rail did not have enough normal trains at the time and could not get new ones quickly enough.
Pacer 
 They were not supposed to be used for more than 20 years, but it actually took nearly 35 years to replace them.
Pacer 
 The Rail Vehicle Accessibility Regulations require that all public passenger trains must be made easy to use for disabled people by 2020 - but they made an exception for the Pacer trains until the end of 2020.
Pacer 
 The second is that the Transport Secretary made a decision in 2015 to retire the Pacers by 2020 for the then-new Northern service, arguing that it would be bad for the economy in the north to keep using "these uncomfortable and low-quality vehicles".
Pacer 
 At the start of 2020, 138 Pacer units were still being used or stored by three National Rail operators: Northern Trains, Great Western Railway and Transport for Wales.
Pacer 
 Northern Trains retired its last Pacer unit on 27 November 2020, and so did Great Western Railway in December 2020.
Pacer 
 An underframe with just four wheels for the entire unit, instead of the usual two four-wheeled bogies (making eight wheels) that you would expect on trains.
Pacer 
 At the beginning of the 1980s British Rail (BR) needed to make new trains to replace its old first generation diesel multiple units (DMUs) which had been built between the mid-1950s and early-1960s.
Pacer 
 But BR did not get much money from the government, so could not get new trains that were just as good as the old ones.
Pacer 
 BR created two kinds of new second generation trains: the Sprinter series, for use on city and longer-distance services, and the Pacer series as cheap DMUs built using bus parts for short-distance countryside and branch line services.
Pacer 
 The Pacers were intended as a cheap stopgap solution to the shortage of trains, and were not supposed to be used for more than 20 years.
Pacer 
 They also tried to sell Pacers by showing them in the USA, Northern Ireland, Belgium, Sweden, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, but no one bought any there.
Pacer 
 The Pacer series was the outcome of an idea to try using bus parts to create a diesel multiple unit.
Pacer 
 The first prototype, known as LEV 1, was made by British Rail Research Division and Leyland Motors working together.
Pacer 
 In 1980 they also built a two-car prototype class 140 at British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL)'s Derby Litchurch Lane Works.
Pacer 
 Then they built 20 more two-car units, forming the Class 141 fleet that was used mostly for suburban services in Yorkshire.
Pacer 
 The 141s were built with Leyland National bus bodies that were so narrow that they could only be fitted with standard bus seats.
Pacer 
 Many were sold to Islamic Republic of Iran Railways but have been withdrawn and are left in disused sidings in Iran.
Pacer 
 The first sets were used on Devon and Cornwall branch lines and on commuter services in the north west.
Pacer 
 The units from Cornwall were eventually moved to Liverpool and the north east, so the Class 142s were often seen on services across the north of England.
Pacer 
 In the early 1990s, the 142s got more powerful Cummins engines, which gave a total power output of  per two-car set.
Pacer 
 Several units were then changed for use on the Merseyside PTE City Line on Merseyrail in the Liverpool region, giving them dot-matrix route signs, better seating and Merseyrail PTE paintwork.
Pacer 
 When privatisation happened, the class 142s were taken over by Arriva Trains Northern and First North Western, and then by Northern Rail, Arriva Rail North, Northern Trains, Arriva Trains Wales and Transport for Wales.
Pacer 
 Eight Northern Rail units were withdrawn from service for a while and replaced by a series of British Rail Class 158s.
Pacer 
 First Great Western received 12 units on loan from Northern Rail from December 2007 to November 2011 (five units were returned to Northern in December 2008).
Pacer 
 Around the same time that the Class 142 was developed, another class of Pacer railbus was designed by Kilmarnock-based Hunslet-Barclay.
Pacer 
 They were used in the North East before being transferred to Wales and the South West, and were moved over to Valley Lines and Wales & West control during privatisation.
Pacer 
 They then passed on to Arriva Trains Wales,  Wessex Trains, First Great Western and Transport for Wales.
Pacer 
 The interiors were completely changed in 2000, when the Valley Lines service was introduced, with full back, coach-type seating installed throughout, along with improved fittings.
Pacer 
 Then came a similar Class 144 unit, a Walter Alexander body on BREL underframe, which was introduced in 1987.
Pacer 
 A unit was formed of either a two-car set with 122 seats or a three-car set with a total capacity of 195 passengers and , but its top speed was still .
Pacer 
 The units were used in the North East, passing to Northern Spirit at privatisation, then to Arriva Trains Northern, Northern Rail, Arriva Rail North and now Northern Trains.
Pacer 
 This often makes for a ride that is noisier and less comfortable than other trains, especially over points, and a loud squealing noise is heard around tight curves.
Pacer 
 Not having bogies also makes for a worse suspension and a bumpier ride; Pacers have been nicknamed "nodding donkeys" because of the trains' up-and-down motion on uneven track.
Pacer 
 Pacers have only been used in certain areas of the north and south west of England and the south of Wales, but not in the richer London or south east England areas.
Pacer 
 A Virgin Trains Class 87 express train ran into an empty First North Western Class 142 Pacer, after the Pacer had fouled the main line at Winsford, Cheshire on the West Coast Main Line.
Pacer 
 The wire straps that held the body of the Pacer to its frame broke, separating the body from the frame and causing severe damage.
Pacer 
 On the other hand, the Pacers were seen as a practical solution at a time when there was not a lot of money.
Pacer 
 They probably saved services on some rural lines that might not have been serviced by any trains at all if only more expensive trains had been available.
Pacer 
 All were planned to be withdrawn and scrapped by December 2019 as they do not comply with Rail Vehicle Accessibility Regulations.
Pacer 
 Because of this, refurbished Sprinters that no longer needed on those routes can be used to replace Pacers instead.
Pacer 
 These units are built out of upcycled London Underground D78 Stock, built between 1978 and 1981, which were in service on the District line until 2017.
Pacer 
 To convert the old stock for mainline railway use, it will be necessary to re-use the aluminium bodyshells, traction motors and bogies from the D78 units and fit them out with new diesel engines and interiors.
Pacer 
 The D-Train units underwent acceptance testing in 2015 and Vivarail pitched them to train operating companies (TOCs), especially those bidding for the Northern franchise.
Pacer 
 While no orders were received from Northern, Transport for Wales will replace its Pacers with a combination of five D-Trains and trains taken over from other train operators, and other TOCs have ordered D-trains to replace other outdated trains: South Western Railway for the Isle of Wight's Island Line, and West Midlands Trains for the Marston Vale line
Pacer 
 Porterbrook, which owns the Class 143 and Class 144 fleets, refurbished 144012 in 2014 to comply with the new legislation, dubbed the "144e Evolution" unit.
Pacer 
 In May 2019, the government asked the public how to re-use the trains after withdrawal from service.
Sprinter (train) 
 Sprinters can be seen operating in almost every part of the UK, from rural branch lines to commuter expresses into major cities.
Turbostar 
 Turbostar is the name given to a series of diesel multiple units (DMU) built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Litchurch Lane Works in Derby, England.
Turbostar 
 The Turbostar was the first new train type to be introduced after the privatisation of British Rail, and is the most common type of diesel multiple unit (its electrical variant, the Electrostar, is the most common electric multiple unit).
Turbostar 
 The first units were ordered by Chiltern Railways in 1996 and were designated Class 168 (also known as Clubman).
Turbostar 
 Since then the family has grown with the addition of the Class 170, Class 171, and (in development) the Class 172.
Coradia (train) 
 Coradia is the name given to the range of multiple-unit inter-city and regional trains manufactured by Alstom.
Bombardier Voyager family 
 The Voyager series is a group of high speed diesel electric multiple unit trains built by Bombardier Transportation in service on the UK railway network.
Bombardier Voyager family 
 The trains are among the most modern currently in operation, and are in service on many intercity routes around Great Britain.
Bombardier Voyager family 
 There are currently three types in service with 4 TOCs (First Hull Trains, East Midlands Trains, Virgin Trains and CrossCountry).
Diesel multiple unit 
 A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple unit train consisting of multiple carriages powered by one or more on-board diesel engines.
British Rail Janus 
 Janus and Taurus were two shunting locomotives by the Yorkshire Engine Company and loaned to British Railways for demonstrations.
British Rail HS4000 
 HS4000, named Kestrel, was a prototype high-powered mainline diesel locomotive built in 1968 by Brush Traction to demonstrate its wares to British Railways.
British Rail HS4000 
 The name came from Hawker Siddeley (the owner of Brush) 4000 hp (the power rating of its Sulzer engine).
British Rail GT3 
 It was built in 1961 by English Electric at their Vulcan Foundry in Newton-le-Willows to demonstrate its wares to British Railways.
British Rail DP2 
 DP2, meaning Diesel Prototype number 2, was a prototype Type 4 mainline diesel locomotive built in 1962 by English Electric at their Vulcan Foundry in Newton-le-Willows to demonstrate its wares to British Railways.
British Rail DP2 
 As the Deltics were then in production, it was decided to produce the locomotive on the same production line; the bodyshell used for DP2 reputedly being the eighteenth made.
British Rail DP2 
 While DP2 looked like a Class 55 locomotive in outline, there were many detail differences; particularly the large bodyside radiator vents at one end, and the single roof fan as opposed to the four symmetrically placed fans on the Deltics.
British Rail DP2 
 These differences were the external effect of DP2 being totally different from the twin-engined Deltics internally, being the forerunner of the Class 50.
British Rail DP1 
 This locomotive resulted in 22 similar locomotives being ordered by British Rail, which became their Class 55.
British Rail DHP1 
 DHP1, meaning Diesel Hydraulic Prototype number 1, was a prototype Type 3 mainline diesel locomotive built in 1965 by Clayton to demonstrate their wares to British Railways.
British Rail DHP1 
 It was designed for mixed traffic work, having steam heating facilities for working passenger trains.
British Rail D0260 
 D0260, named Lion, was a prototype Type 4 mainline diesel locomotive built in 1962 by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, in association with Sulzer and Associated Electrical Industries, at their Smethwick works in Birmingham to demonstrate their wares to British Railways.
British Railways D0226 
 D0226 and D0227 were two prototype diesel shunting locomotives built in 1956 by English Electric at its Vulcan Foundry in Newton-le-Willows to demonstrate its wares to British Railways.
British Railways D0226 
 They originally carried numbers D226 and D227, their Vulcan Foundry works numbers, but these were later amended to avoid clashing with the numbers of new Class 40 locomotives.
British Rail 18100 
 British Rail 18100 was a prototype main line gas turbine-electric locomotive built for British Railways in 1951.
British Rail 18100 
 It was ordered by the Great Western Railway in the 1940s, but construction was delayed by World War II.
British Rail 18100 
 It spent its working life on the Western Region of British Railways, operating express passenger services from London Paddington station.
British Rail 18000 
 British Rail 18000 was a prototype mainline gas turbine-electric locomotive built for British Railways in 1949.
British Rail 18000 
 It spent its working life on the Western Region of British Railways, operating express passenger services from London Paddington station.
LNER Class Y11 
 LNER Class Y11 was a class of petrol powered 0-4-0 locomotives built by Motor Rail & Tram Car Company Limited under their Simplex brand and introduced in the years 1919–1925 for the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER).
British Rail Class 97/6 
 The British Rail Class 97/6 0-6-0 diesel shunting locomotives were purpose-built for departmental duties by Ruston & Hornsby at Lincoln in 1953 (97650) or 1959 (97651-654).
British Rail Eastern Region departmental locomotives 
 In 1952, the Eastern Region of British Rail introduced its own series for departmental (non-revenue earning) vehicles, including locomotives.
British Rail Eastern Region departmental locomotives 
 Numbers were allocated from 1 to 1000, with blocks of 100 numbers allocated to specific types of vehicle.
SR departmental locomotives 
 The Southern Railway numbered its departmental (non-revenue earning) stock, both locomotives and carriages in a series starting at 1S. The series was retained by the Southern Region of British Rail, but amended so that the numbers carried a 'DS' prefix instead of an 'S' suffix.
SR departmental locomotives 
 This page lists the locomotives numbered in this series, including steam, diesel and electric locomotives.
British Rail departmental locomotives 
 Before the introduction of the Total Operations Processing System, Class 97 was issued to self-propelled locomotives in departmental (non-revenue earning) use, British Rail had such locomotives numbered in a variety of series, together with locomotives that were no longer self-propelled.
British Rail Class ES1 
 British Rail Class ES1 was a class of two electric locomotives commissioned by the North Eastern Railway in 1902.
British Rail Class EF1 
 The British Rail Class EF1 (Electric Freight 1) was a class of electrically powered locomotives used by British Rail in England.
British Rail Class EF1 
 They were also classified as British Rail Class EB1 for a short period of time, although only a single locomotive was completely modified to EB1 condition.
British Rail Class EE1 
 British Rail Class EE1 was an electric locomotive commissioned by the North Eastern Railway  in 1922.
British Rail Class EB1 
 The British Rail Class EB1 (Electric Banking 1) was an electrically powered locomotive used by British Rail in England.
British Rail Class EB1 
 The other NER electric locos built at the same time were classified as EB1 but were never modified, they later became British Rail Class EF1.
SNCF Class BB 22200 
 The BB 22200 is a class of electric locomotives in service with the French railways SNCF, built by Alsthom between 1976-1986.
SNCF Class BB 22200 
 They are a polycurrent version (1500 CV direct current and 25 kV 50 Hz AC) of the BB 7200 and BB 15000 classes, with which it shares the exterior appearance.
Vossloh G1206 
 The Vossloh G1206 is a B'B' diesel hydraulic freight locomotive built by Vossloh and used by several mainland European railway operators.
Vossloh G1206 
 The design was created in the mid-1990s by Maschinenbau Kiel (MaK) for German coal supplier RAG Aktiengesellschaft (RAG AG) and is a follow-on to the G1205 locomotive class built as SNCB Class 77.