the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Pion 
 As in all mesons, the color charges in a pion must be equal and opposite: blue with anti-blue, green with anti-green, or red with anti-red.
Pion 
 The effect of these color–anticolor pairings is that the pion's color charge is colorless (like a neutron is neutral).
Pion 
 At the smallest distances, typically within an atomic nucleus, a small effect of the color charge remains and acts as the nuclear force that holds the nucleus together.
Pion 
 Within the nucleus, then, virtual pions (and other virtual mesons) are exchanged between nucleons (protons and neutrons), pulling them together.
Pion 
 Force-carriers are particles that are responsible for the action of forces, such as electromagnetism.
Pion 
 Just as photons are responsible for electromagnetic force, so mesons are responsible for some of the lower energy (residual) strong force interactions that occur between nucleons. (
Pion 
 Strong force is also known as nuclear force or residual strong force when its action is between nucleons.)
Pion 
 However, there is some probability (from <0.1% to 1.2%) involved with the decay of some pions, as they can also decay into different forms.
Pion 
 For π+, the second most likely decay product is one positron (an anti-electron) and one electron neutrino.
Pion 
 Keep in mind that positrons and electrons can annihilate each other, and this annihilation produces highly energized photons).
Pion 
 After this incredibly short amount of time, the W+ boson will decay into the leptons that the pion would naturally decay to.
Labyrinthodont 
 Although it is no longer a formal term in taxonomy, it is still useful as an evolutionary grade, a kind of catch-all term.
Labyrinthodont 
 The labyrithodonts were some of the dominant animals from the Devonian to the Lower Triassic (about 390 to 210 million years ago).
Labyrinthodont 
 The group is an evolutionary grade (a polyphyletic or paraphyletic group) of species which look rather similar.
Labyrinthodont 
 The name describes the pattern of infolding of the dentine and enamel of the teeth, which often fossilise.
Labyrinthodont 
 They are also have a heavily armoured skull roof (so they also have an even older name "Stegocephalia"), and complex vertebrae.
Labyrinthodont 
 The skull was rather flat with thick dermal armour, accounting for the older term for the group: Stegocephalia.
Labyrinthodont 
 In the primitive waterbound forms it may have formed an open spiracle, and may possibly have held an ear-drum in some advanced forms.
Puntland 
 The province covers about a third of Somalia, and about a third of the population of Somalia lives in the province.
Puntland 
 Puntlanders want some degree of autonomy, but Puntlanders also want to stay within Somalia, and find a solution for the whole country.
Frauzio 
 Frauzio was a comic book Brazil floor monthly, created in 2001 by Marcatti distributed by Publisher SCALE.
Frauzio 
 Was launched with a circulation of 30 thousand copies and distributed at newsstands around the Brazil, became the first magazine underground to be published in an industrial scale worldwide.
Frauzio 
 In 2003, published four editions of the magazine Misadventures of Frauzio by Publisher PRO-C. In the same year the album special edition is published by Frauzio Opera Graphica.
Frauzio 
 The book, under the titleQuestion of paternity, brings a Frauzio adventure inspired by the book Lolita of Nabokov.
Daddy G 
 Daddy G, (born Grantley Evan Marshall, ,  Bristol, UK), is an English musician and a founding member of the band,  Massive Attack.
Daddy G 
 Marshall joined the Bristol music scene as a member of the DJ group The Wild Bunch in the 1980s, which included two other Massive Attack members, Robert Del Naja and Andrew Vowles.
Daddy G 
 Del Naja, Vowles, and Marshall then formed the trip-hop group Massive Attack, which is considered to have pioneered the Bristol Sound along with Portishead and Tricky.
Daddy G 
 In addition to appearing on Massive Attack's albums, Marshall has also mixed a CD for the DJ-Kicks mix series.
Tau lepton 
 This is because they have about 3,500 times as much mass as electrons, and about 17 times as much mass as muons.
Tau lepton 
 Since they only live for 2.9x10–13 seconds, they do not have a significant role in the regular world.
Tau lepton 
 Tau have a charge of -1, and can be written as τ–. Since antimatter has the opposite of charge of regular matter, anti-tauons have a charge of +1, and can be written as τ+.
Tau lepton 
 When a single tauon decays, it is the only lepton that can decay into hadrons (things made of quarks).
Tau lepton 
 The two tauons then decay into an electron and a positron or a muon and an antimuon, and four of the various neutrinos.
Tau lepton 
 The W boson will exist for 3x10–25 seconds, before it decays into an electron and an electron antineutrino, a muon and a muon antineutrino, or a down quark and an up antiquark.
Thallium(I) bromide 
 Thallium(I) bromide is made by reacting thallium and bromine or by reacting sodium or potassium bromide with any thallium compound.
Julian Assange 
 Julian Paul Assange (born 3 July 1971) is an Australian computer programmer, publisher and journalist.
Julian Assange 
 He also made a program called Rubberhose (file system) to hide secret information in a specific way that protects against torture.
Julian Assange 
 Assange was the Readers' Choice for Time Person of the Year in 2010 after getting the most Internet votes.
Julian Assange 
 In 2012, facing extradition to Sweden, he was granted political asylum by Ecuador and took refuge at the Embassy of Ecuador, London.
Julian Assange 
 On 11 January 2018, it was announced that Assange had held Ecuadorian citizenship since 12 December 2017.
Julian Assange 
 Ecuadorian President Lenín Moreno said on 27 July 2018 that he had begun talks with British authorities to withdraw the asylum for Assange.
Julian Assange 
 On 11 April 2019, Ecuador withdrew Assange's asylum and he was arrested by the Metropolitan Police shortly afterwards.
Julian Assange 
 In November 2019, it was reported that Assange is in bad health, has depression and "could die in prison" if not hospitalized.
Julian Assange 
 The extradition to the United States hearing (a pre-trial discussion in a court) for Assange began in London on February 24,  2020.
Kaon 
 What makes kaons unique is that they are made of one up quark or down quark, and one strange quark. (
Kaon 
 One of the two quarks that make of a kaon must be an antiquark, and the other must be normal matter.
Kaon 
 The discovery of kaons was significant because it proved the existence of yet another flavour (type) of quark, the strange quark.
Kaon 
 Since antiparticles have the opposite charge of their counterpart (and since normal strange quarks have a charge of -1/3), 2/3 + 1/3 = a +1 charge, or simply a + charge. (
Kaon 
 Also because antiparticles have the opposite charge of their counterpart, if you change the up quark in a K+ to an up antiquark and the strange antiquark to a normal strange quark, you get the opposite charge, forming a K–).
Kaon 
 Since down quarks and strange quarks have the same charge, if either one of them is an antiparticle, the overall charge is zero.
Kaon 
 Therefore, a K0 can either be made of one down quark and  strange antiquark, or one down antiquark and one normal strange quark.
Thallium(I) chloride 
 Otherwise, it is somewhat similar to potassium chloride in being colorless and silver chloride in being insoluble in water.
Thallium(I) chloride 
 Thallium(I) chloride is made by reacting any soluble chloride such as hydrochloric acid with thallium(I) sulfate.
Fredric Wertham 
 After this book became popular, the United States Congress took a close look at the comic book industry.
Fredric Wertham 
 In 1922 he was asked to come to the United States and to join the Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.
Fredric Wertham 
 He became the director of a psychiatric clinic connected with the New York Court of General Sessions.
Fredric Wertham 
 In Seduction of the Innocent, Wertham wrote about clear or hidden violence, sex, drug use, and other adult topics in "crime comics".
Fredric Wertham 
 Wertham used the words "crime comics" to mean popular comics about criminals and murder that were popular at that time.
Fredric Wertham 
 Comics, especially the crime and horror titles started by EC Comics had many shocking or ugly images.
Fredric Wertham 
 Wertham thought he saw hidden sexual themes in comics such as nude women hidden in drawings of muscles and tree bark.
Fredric Wertham 
 In 2012, Carol Tilley, a professor of library and information science, found that Wertham was not honest in Seduction.
Fredric Wertham 
 Wertham's views on mass media have largely overshadowed his broader concerns with violence and with protecting children from psychological harm.
Fredric Wertham 
 His writings about the effects of racial segregation were evidence in the important Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education.
Fredric Wertham 
 Part of his 1966 book, A Sign for Cain, was about medical professionals and their actions in the Holocaust.
Fredric Wertham 
 Beaty writes that in 1959 Wertham tried to sell an another book to follow Seduction of the Innocent.
Fredric Wertham 
 In his last book, The World of Fanzines (1974), he concluded that fanzines were a good way to be creative.
Fredric Wertham 
 He was a senior psychiatrist in the New York City Department of Hospitals and a psychiatrist and the director of the Mental Hygiene Clinic at the Bellevue Hospital Center.
Fredric Wertham 
 Fredric Wertham - Anti-Comics Crusader Who Turned Advocate - condensed online version of Dwight Decker three part series listed above
Fredric Wertham 
 Comics Reporter: "Let's You and Him Fight" Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5 - Bart Beaty and Craig Fischer discuss Beaty's "Fredric Wertham and the Critique of Mass Culture"
Fredric Wertham 
 The Strange Case of Dr. Wertham" Amazing Heroes #123 (August 15, 1987); "The Return of Dr. Wertham" Amazing Heroes #124 (Sept. 1, 1987); "From Dr. Wertham With Love" Amazing Heroes #125 (Sept. 15, 1987) [three part series, see below for link to condensed version posted online under title "Fredric Wertham - Anti-Comics Crusader Who Turned Advocate"].
Shuzo Matsuoka 
 He was a tennis player on the Japanese national team at the Summer Olympic Games in 1988 at Seoul, in 1992 at Barcelona and in 1996 at Atlanta.
Bully (video game) 
 Bully (PAL region PlayStation 2 version is called Canis Canem Edit) was released on 17 October 2006 by Rockstar Games.
Bully (video game) 
 Because the game became very popular, Rockstar released the remake called Bully: Scholarship Edition.
Bully (video game) 
 There are not many differences between the classic Bully and the Scholarship Edition, however there are 4 new classes available: Biology, Music, Math and Geography.
Poxviridae 
 Poxviridae are family of large complex DNA viruses, including the vaccinia and variola viruses, that are pathogenic to humans and animals and have an affinity for skin tissue.
Poxviridae 
 Orthopox: variola virus, vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, monkeypox virus, smallpox (eradicated); Parapox: orf virus, pseudocowpox, bovine papular stomatitis virus; Yatapox: tanapox virus, yaba monkey tumor virus; Molluscipox: molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV).
Edward Drinker Cope 
 In the 1870s and 1880s, went to the American West to report what the land was like to the government.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 In the 1880s, Cope lost so much money in his silver mines that he had to sell a lot of his fossil collection in 1886.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 He wrote about the evolution of mammalian  molars teeth, and produced two huge works on the amphibia and reptiles of North America.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 His father was a serious Quaker and ran the shipping business started by his father, Thomas P. Cope.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 At 15 years old he studied biology (natural history) and often visited  the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 His letters home show he felt farm work was not for him.p15 Cope’s father made him get a summer job on a farm when he was 14 and 15.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 When he was 16 he was not sent to the boarding school any more because his father wanted him to be a farmer.p100 His father wanted him to get more exercise, so he bought him a farm.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Until he was 23, his letters to his father kept saying he did not want to be a farmer and that he wanted to be a scientist.p100
Edward Drinker Cope 
 He worked at the Academy of Natural Sciences for two years, and became a member.p21 He sometimes had to visit the Smithsonian Institution where he met Spencer Baird, who knew all about fish and birds.p107 He also joined the American Philosophical Society.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 A salamander is an amphibian.p835 He then took a comparative anatomy class from a famous teacher at the University of Pennsylvania.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Cope then asked his father if he could learn German and French so he could read science books and novels in German and French.p101
Edward Drinker Cope 
 While in Germany, he first met his rival, scientist Othniel Charles Marsh.p11 On February 11, 1864, he wrote to his father, “I shall get home in time to . . .
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Cope wrote papers on fish, whales, and one on a fossil frog with a tail.p835 Cope’s father gave money to a small Quaker college called Haverford College.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Cope went on scientific trips to the American west and wrote letters to his parents and to his wife and daughter while on those trips.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 He told his father that teaching took up too much of his time for him to make scientific discoveries.p143/6 He quit his job at the college.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 He and his wife and daughter then moved to Haddonfield to be closer to the fossil beds in western New Jersey.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 In Haddonfield, New Jersey were marlpits, where a dinosaur skeleton was discovered in 1858 by William Foulke and named Hadrosaurus foulkii by Dr. Leidy of Philadelphia's Academy of Natural Sciences.p151/8 Cope found more fossils in the marlpits there.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Edward Cope also went on expeditions to caves; the last cave he visited was the Wyandotte Caves in Indiana in 1871.p151/5
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Charles Sternberg said that in the fossil fields of Kansas Cope had a "severe attack of nightmare . . .
Edward Drinker Cope 
 That year, he worked too much and had a breakdown.p583 In 1873 he studied the Titanothere beds (strata) of northeastern Colorado.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 They mapped parts of the United States west of the 100th meridian.p200 The 100th meridian west is the boundary between the dry West and the rainy East of the United States.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 In 1874 Cope discovered the Puerco formation in New Mexico during the Wheeler Survey.p200 The Puerco formation was a layer of soft rock 500 feet thick along the upper Puerco River near Cuba, New Mexico.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 His cliff may have been dug by the river over a long time and it looked like it had been there a long time.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 When Cope was 35, his father died, leaving him a quarter of a million dollars.p837 The next year, 1876, Cope moved his wife and daughter from their house by the apple orchard in Haddonfield, New Jersey back to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – this time to a row house in the City.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 And, he helped the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition set up their fossil displays.p218 In 1877 he was able to buy half of the American Naturalist.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 He published papers so fast his rival, Professor Marsh, had doubts about when Cope’s fossils were found.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 In August 1878 when he was 38, Cope sailed to the British Isles to attend a scientific convention in Dublin Ireland.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 At one of the conventions he decided to buy some boxes of Argentine fossils, maybe for the museum in Philadelphia.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Cope introduced his (then) friend Marsh to the marl pit owner, Albert Vorhees, when the two visited the site.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Later he discovered that Marsh had gone—behind Cope's back and made a private agreement with Vorhees: any fossils that Vorhees's men found were sent back to Marsh at New Haven.p35
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Another time Marsh tried to keep Cope from getting his articles and books published, so Cope hired two fossil-finders away from Marsh.p257
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Marsh persuaded John Wesley Powell to ask Cope to give the Survey the specimens Cope found back in 1874.p233/7 249 Cope did not want to give the fossils to the Survey because when he found them he was a volunteer paying his own way.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Cope said Marsh underpaid his workers, and said some of what Marsh wrote was really written by others.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Also, he said Powell was spending tax money wrong and had made mistakes in classifying fossils.p404 Later, another article gave their side of the story.p206 As a result of the articles, the Survey lost its funding for fossil-finding.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 And, Cope almost got fired from the University of Pennsylvania.p329/334 Cope wondered if people thought of him as “a liar . . .
Edward Drinker Cope 
 He seemed sorry Marsh had been fired, writing to Paleontologist Henry Osborn, “I think Marsh is impaled on the horns of Monoclonius sphenocerus.p408
Edward Drinker Cope 
 In 1886 Professor Cope fired his fossil diggers and started selling some of his large fossil collection to museums.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 The same year, he succeeded Joseph Leidy, who had died the previous year, as professor of zoology at the University of Pennsylvania.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 In 1892, Cope (then 52 years old) was granted expense money for field work from the Texas Geological Survey.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 With his finances improved, he was able to publish a massive work on the Batrachians of North America, which was the most detailed work on the continent's frogs and amphibians ever done,p350 and the 1,115-page The Crocodilians, Lizards and Snakes of North America.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 In the 1890s his publication rate increased to an average of 43 articles a year.p350 His final expedition to the West took place in 1894, when he prospected for dinosaurs in South Dakota and visited sights in Texas and Oklahoma.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 In 1895 Cope re-hired Sternberg, who knew about the nightmares he had about dinosaurs, to look for fossils for him.p358
Edward Drinker Cope 
 For example, in 1895 the American Museum of Natural History in New York City bought his collection of about 10,000  fossil mammals.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Although his collection still contained more than 13,000 specimens, Cope's fossil hoard was much smaller than Marsh's collection, which was valued at over a million dollars.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 His biographer Henry Osborn wrote, “If Edward... (had) doubts about the... Bible... he did not (tell) them in his letters to his family, but there can be little question... that he shared the intellectual unrest of the period".
Edward Drinker Cope 
 He felt the husband should be able to take care of his wife and that married women would vote the same as their husbands.p176
Edward Drinker Cope 
 He was remembered as not liking the Negro accent, and he believed that if "a race was not white then it was inherently more ape-like".p26, 169, 176
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Although his daughter Julia burnt many of his private papers, many of his friends have written about him.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Charles R. Knight, a former friend, said that Cope's language was so filthy that "in [Cope's] heyday no woman was safe within five miles of him".p109
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Over his lifetime Cope's views on evolution shifted.p250 His original view, described in the paper On the Origin of Genera (1868), held that while Darwin's natural selection may affect the preservation of superficial characteristics in organisms, natural selection alone could not explain the formation of genera.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Cope's beliefs became one with an increased emphasis on continual and utilitarian evolution with less involvement of a Creator.p259 He became one of the founders of the Neo-Lamarckism school of thought, which holds that individuals can pass on traits acquired in its lifetime to offspring.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Although the view has been shown to be incorrect, it was common among paleontologists in Cope's time.p68 In 1887, Cope published his own Origin of the Fittest: essays in evolution, detailing his views on the subject.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 He was a strong believer in the law of use and disuse—that an individual will slowly, over time, favor an anatomical part of its body so much that it will become stronger and larger as time progresses down the generations.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 This theory fails because use and disuse does not affect the genetic code of the gametes, something which became clear in the generations after his death.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 University of California, Santa Barbara URL: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/%7Ealroy/lefa/Cope.html  Retrieved, 2008-11-17.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 249–265 University of Chicago URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/230073 Retrieved, 2009-12-05 doi:10.1086/351770
Edward Drinker Cope 
 195–198 URL:  Retrieved, 2009-12-04 American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists doi:10.2307/1441319
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Cope: master naturalist: life and letters of Edward Drinker Cope, with a bibliography of his writings.
Edward Drinker Cope 
 Quaker and Special Collections: Edward Drinker Cope papers  URL: http://www.haverford.edu/library/special/aids/edcope/  Retrieved, 2009-11-10
National Science Foundation 
 The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States government agency where discoveries begin and supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering.
National Science Foundation 
 With an annual budget of about US$6.87 billion (fiscal year 2010), the NSF funds approximately 20 percent of all federally supported basic research conducted by the United States' colleges and universities.
National Science Foundation 
 In some fields, such as mathematics, computer science, economics and the social sciences, the NSF is the major source of federal backing.
National Science Foundation 
 The NSF's director, deputy director, and the 24 members of the National Science Board (NSB) are appointed by the President of the United States, and confirmed by the United States Senate.
National Science Foundation 
 The director and deputy director are responsible for administration, planning, budgeting and day-to-day operations of the foundation, while the NSB meets six times a year to establish its overall policies.
Y tu mamá también 
 It was released without a rating in the United States because the movie's distributors believed a market-limiting NC-17 was unavoidable.
Adriaan Blaauw 
 He was an expert on the development of groups of young stars and how they expand away from each other.
Adriaan Blaauw 
 He discovered that some massive stars, known as runaways, can be moving at speeds of hundreds of kilometers per second.
Adriaan Blaauw 
 He was the scientific director of the European Southern Observatory and later became its Director General.
Drosophila pseudoobscura 
 Drosophila pseudoobscura is a species of fruit fly, used extensively in lab studies of the genetics of natural populations.
Drosophila pseudoobscura 
 They collected samples from populations in western North America and Mexico, and grew them in 'population cages' in the laboratory.
Drosophila pseudoobscura 
 In 1989 Diane Dodd gave laboratory populations of D. pseudoobscura two different food types, starch and maltose.
Drosophila pseudoobscura 
 They rapidly evolved into two distinct groups after only eight generations with the different foods.
Drosophila pseudoobscura 
 As the two groups both showed a strong preference for mating with their own type, this was claimed as an example of speciation by reproductive isolation.
Drosophila pseudoobscura 
 In 2005, D. pseudoobscura was the second Drosophila species to have its genome sequenced, after Drosophila melanogaster.