the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Cahors 
 Cahors is located in the southwest of France, in the old province of Quercy, in the valley of the Lot river, and is found in a peninsula () formed by an U-shaped meander of that river which gives its name to the department.
Cahors 
 The commune is at  north of Toulouse and is surrounded by the communes Mercuès, Calamane, Pradines, Arcambal, Lamagdelaine, Laroque-des-Arcs, Trespoux-Rassiels, Labastide-Marnhac, Le Montat and Flaujac-Poujols.
Cahors 
 The climate of Cahors, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Cahors 
 Cahors forms, together with the commune Pradines, the urban area of Cahors, with a population of 23,090 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Cahors 
 This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Cahors, formed by 44 communes with a population of 44,255 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Cahors 
 Cahors is the prefecture of the Lot department, the capital of the arrondissement of Cahors and the administrative centre () of the Cahors-1, Cahors-2 and Cahors-3 cantons.
Mende, Lozère 
 Mende is located in the southern Massif Central, to the north of the Cévennes, near the Mont Lozère, the highest point of the Lozère department.
Mende, Lozère 
 The commune of Mende has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
Mende, Lozère 
 The commune of Mende is surrounded by the communes Chastel-Nouvel, Badaroux, Lanuéjols, Brenoux, Saint-Bauzile, Balsièges, Barjac and Servières.
Mende, Lozère 
 The climate in Mende in the Köppen climate classification is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Diffraction 
 Diffraction is a physics concept which occurs when waves bend around small obstacles, or spread out after they pass through small openings.
Diffraction 
 Diffraction occurs with all waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as light that the eye can see.
Diffraction 
 When interference is destructive, the intensity will decrease, sometimes to a point where it is completely destroyed.
Diffraction 
 The strongest examples of diffraction occur in waves where the wavelength is similar to the size of the object causing diffraction.
Diffraction 
 A diffraction grating can be a series of closely-spaced slits or a mirror with a series of small grooves.
Diffraction 
 Diffraction gratings work because different wavelengths of light will constructively interfere at different angles.
Diffraction 
 This pattern is unique to the type of crystal and can be used to identify the molecule that makes the crystal.
Shanghai Knights 
 Shanghai Knights is an 2003 martial arts action-comedy movie that was produced by Jackie Chan, Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum and was directed by David Dobkin.
Shanghai Knights 
 The movie received positive reviews with a 66% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 58 out of 100 from Metacritic.
Michael Konsel 
 Michael Konsel (born 6 March 1962) is a retired Austrian football player who played as goalkeeper in Austria and Italy.
Michael Konsel 
 He started as defender for Fortuna 05 when he was six but at the age of nine he became goalkeeper, a position he played for the rest of his career.
Michael Konsel 
 For Rapid he played 395 matches in the league, 47 Cupmatches and 42 international matches (2 times the final of the UEFA Cupwinner Cup)
Michael Konsel 
 After his successful time with Rapid he went to AS Roma in Italys Seria A. The last year of his career he spent with SSC Venice.
List of European stadiums by capacity 
 The "Category" column indicates whether the stadium has been designated by UEFA as capable of hosting Champions League or Europa League matches.
List of European stadiums by capacity 
 The following is a list of European stadiums which are currently under construction and will have a capacity of 25,000 or more.
Lamp (electrical component) 
 These components are usually made of ceramic, metal, glass or plastic, which makes an electrical connection.
Chaumont, Haute-Marne 
 Chaumont is a commune of France, and the capital (or prefecture) of the Haute-Marne department in the Grand Est region.
Chaumont, Haute-Marne 
 The city of Chaumont is on the Langres plateau on the geographical centre of the Haute-Marne department in northeast France.
Chaumont, Haute-Marne 
 The commune of Chaumont is surrounded by the communes Condes, Treix, Chamarandes-Choignes, Laville-aux-Bois, Biesles, Verbiesles, Neuilly-sur-Suize, Richebourg, Semoutiers-Montsaon, Villiers-le-Sec and Jonchery.
Chaumont, Haute-Marne 
 The climate of Chaumont, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Chaumont, Haute-Marne 
 The city of Chaumont has a population, in 2014, of 22,674; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.
Chaumont, Haute-Marne 
 Chaumont forms with Chamarandes-Choignes the urban area of Chaumont with a population of 23,716 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .
Chaumont, Haute-Marne 
 This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Chaumont, formed by 65 communes, with a population of 42,594 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .
Chaumont, Haute-Marne 
 Chaumont is the prefecture of the Haute-Marne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Chaumont and the administrative centre () of three cantons:
Chaumont, Haute-Marne 
 It is part of the intercommunality Chaumont, du Bassin Nogentais et du Bassin de Bologne Vignory Froncles ().
Royal Hospital Kilmainham 
 He was the official State Surveyor General for James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to King Charles II.
Royal Hospital Kilmainham 
 The Royal Hospital Chelsea in Chelsea, London was completed two years later and looks alike in style.
Royal Hospital Kilmainham 
 The Tudor Gothic gateway at the end of the road leading to the Royal Hospital was designed by Francis Johnston.
Royal Hospital Kilmainham 
 When the Irish Free State was formed, they thought about using the building for the Oireachtas Éireann, the new Irish national parliament.
Royal Hospital Kilmainham 
 After the soldiers were all gone, the buildings were used for different things like offices for the Garda Síochána (the Irish police force) and as storage for the National Museum of Ireland.
Royal Hospital Kilmainham 
 The Government of Ireland restored the buildings in different stages from 1957, and opened in 1985 as the National Centre for Culture and the Arts.
Royal Hospital Kilmainham 
 Every year on the National Day of Commemoration the President of Ireland lays a wreath in the courtyard in memory of all Irishmen and Irishwomen who have died in past wars and on service with the United Nations.
Communes of the Morbihan department 
 (CAB) Communauté d'agglomération of Côte du Pays Blanc, created in 2003, the largest part of which is located in the Loire-Atlantique département.
Kilmainham 
 The manor" was an area that included parts of James's Street and side-streets and went as far as Lucan and Chapelizod.
Kilmainham 
 The following year Elizabeth ordered that Dublin Castle be improved so the lord lieutenant could live there.
Kilmainham 
 Nearby is also Kilmainham Gaol, where the executions of the leaders of the Easter Rising took place.
Kilmainham 
 Kilmainham also has one of a small number of Viking era burial sites (Old Norse haugr meaning barrow or mound), within Dublin.
Balancing selection 
 Balancing selection refers to selective processes by which different alleles (different versions of a gene) are kept in the gene pool of a population at frequencies above that of gene mutation.
Balancing selection 
 This usually happens when the heterozygote for a gene has a higher relative fitness than the homozygote.
Balancing selection 
 Evidence for balancing selection can be found in the number of alleles in a population which are maintained above mutation rate frequencies.
Balancing selection 
 All modern research has shown that this significant genetic variation is common in panmictic populations.
Balancing selection 
 It is the field experience of Darwin, Wallace and others, that natural populations in the wild are extraordinarily varied.
Balancing selection 
 In heterozygote advantage, or heterotic balancing selection, an individual who is heterozygous at a particular gene locus has a greater fitness than a homozygous individual.
Balancing selection 
 A well-studied case is that of sickle cell anemia in humans, a hereditary disease that damages red blood cells.
Balancing selection 
 Sickle cell anemia is caused by the inheritance of a variant hemoglobin gene (HgbS) from both parents.
Balancing selection 
 In these individuals, hemoglobin in red blood cells is extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation, and this causes shorter life expectancy.
Balancing selection 
 A person who inherits the sickle cell gene from one parent, and a normal hemoglobin gene (HgbA) from the other, has a normal life expectancy.
Balancing selection 
 The heterozygote is resistant to the malarial parasite which kills a large number of people each year.
Balancing selection 
 The heterozygote frequency is kept high because of the fierce selection against both the homozygotes.
Balancing selection 
 In positive frequency-dependent selection the fitness of a phenotype increases as it becomes more common.
Balancing selection 
 In negative frequency-dependent selection the fitness of a phenotype increases as it becomes less common.
Balancing selection 
 For example, in prey switching, rare morphs of prey are fitter because predators concentrate on more frequent morphs.
Balancing selection 
 The fitness of a genotype may vary greatly between larval and adult stages, or between parts of a habitat range.
Balancing selection 
 The fitness of a genotype may depend on the fitness of other genotypes in the population: this covers many natural situations where the best thing to do (from the point of view of survival and reproduction) depends on what other members of the population are doing at the time.
Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield 
 Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield PC KG (22 September 1694 – 24 March 1773) was a British statesman and intellectual.
Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield 
 Chesterfield County, Virginia and Chesterfield County, South Carolina in the United States were named in his honour.
Grand Tour 
 The Grand Tour was the name of travel through Europe by rich European (mostly British) young men between 1660 until about 1840.
Grand Tour 
 The idea was that what they learned on their travels could be used to help those that stayed at home.
Grand Tour 
 An example would be a British tourist would go from  Dover, England and crossed the English Channel to Ostend, in the Spanish Netherlands/Belgium, or Calais, or Le Havre in France.
Grand Tour 
 Venice was seen as the most important place for Italian architecture, and was very important place to visit.
Alnico 
 Alnico alloys also have a high coercivity (they do not easily lose their magnetism) and are used to make permanent magnets.
Alnico 
 Before rare-earth magnets were developed in the 1970s, alnico magnets were the strongest type of magnet.
Alnico 
 The development of Alnico began in 1931 when T. Mishima in Japan found that an alloy of iron, nickel, and  aluminium had double the coercivity of the best magnets of that time. (
Alnico 
 Rare-earth magnets like neodymium and samarium-cobalt are the only easily found magnets which are stronger than alnico magnets.
Alnico 
 Alnico magnets produce very strong magnetic fields at their poles (a pole is one of the two ends of a magnet) as high as 1500 gauss (0.15 tesla which is about 3000 times stronger than earth's magnetic field.
Alnico 
 Some types of alnico magnets are isotropic (properties are same in all directions) and can be properly magnetised in all directions.
Alnico 
 Other types like alnico 5 and alnico 8 are anisotropic (properties change when direction changes) have a preferred direction (one direction would be better than other directions) for magnetisation.
Alnico 
 Anisotropic alnico alloys will make stronger magnets in their preferred direction than an isotropic alnico alloy.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 It was the representative of the King and head of the Irish executive (government) between 1171 and 1922.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 Other words used for this office were Judiciar in the early medieval period, and Lord Deputy as late as the 17th century.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 By the end of the 19th century the Chief Secretary worked like a prime minister, with the Lord Lieutenant in the role of the King.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 Before 1800 they were: Lord Chancellor of Ireland, the Speaker of the Irish House of Commons, and the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh as Primate of All Ireland.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 Two Lords Lieutenant, Lord Hartington and the Duke of Portland, went from Dublin Castle to 10 Downing Street as Prime Minister of Great Britain, in 1756 and 1783 respectively.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 At other times, the post was used to move politicians that were no longer wanted in London out of the way.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 The Chief Secretary for Ireland had become more important in ruling the country than the Lord Lieutenant.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 The Lords Lieutenant then only lived in the Castle during the Social Season (early January to St. Patrick's Day, 17 March).
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 Joseph Robins, Champagne and Silver Buckles: The Viceregal Court and Dublin Castle 1700–1922 (Lillyput Press, 2001)
How to 
 A how-to or a how to is an informal, often short, description of how to do a specific physical task, think to solve a specific problem, or think about a topic.
How to 
 They include videos, descriptions, and other resources to help the reader understand what the guide is trying to teach.
How to 
 However, the topic taught needs to be in layman's terms, or a simple general guide, similar to this project.
How to 
 To meet the requirements for a how to, the creator has to understand the topic better than the reader.
How to 
 For example, if a person is reading a guide on particle physics, the author of the guide does not need to be a astronaut with a Phd in physics, but the author also cannot be a person who just found out about the subject.
How to 
 Some guides are for the field, like the Golden Guides, and others made to help others understand a topic, like a guide on Nuclear Science.
How to 
 Guides can't start without the "how to" prefix, in the process confusing potential readers and making the title seem like a statement rather than a question-statement hybrid. "
How to 
 Fire a gun properly" sounds like a statement, so people will click away from the guide without actually understanding how, just planning to do what the title said.
How to 
 A topic needs to be teachable to a new person who wants to learn more about the subject, and retain its hard-earned difficulty.
Wild type 
 With Drosophila melanogaster, wild type usually means the standard version of the famous laboratory population used in the T.H. Morgan laboratory, and since used around the world.
Wild type 
 Actually, we propbably know more about Drosophila pseudoobscura in the wild than Drosophila melanogaster, because of a huge series of studies done by Theodosius Dobzhansky and his colleagues after World War II.
Random mating 
 It describes an ideal situation in which  all individuals on one sex are equally potential partners of all members of the opposite sex.
Random mating 
 There are a number of types of non-random mating, such as mate choice (selection by females from a small group of males), mating type (in microorganisms like Paramecium), selfing in some flowering plants, and in general, inbreeding.
Random mating 
 Mechanical or geographical differences within a species will often prevent a whole species being panmictic.
Ernst-Happel-Stadion 
 Club football matches are limited to the Austrian cup final and international competitions with one of Vienna's top clubs, FK Austria Wien and SK Rapid Wien, as their homegrounds are too small for UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup matches.
Ernst-Happel-Stadion 
 In 2014, it became the official homeground of SK Rapid Wien because their stadium was being rebuilt.
Ernst-Happel-Stadion 
 The first match in the new stadium was a match between a selection from workers sportclubs from Lower Austria and Vienna. (
Ernst-Happel-Stadion 
 During the occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany it was used as barracks and also as collecting point for Viennese Jews.
Ernst-Happel-Stadion 
 The record was 91,000 visitors on October 30, 1960 at the football match between Spain and Austria (3-0).
Ernst-Happel-Stadion 
 After the death of former Austrian top player and coach Ernst Happel, the Prater Stadium was renamed after him in 1992.
Ernst-Happel-Stadion 
 The Ernst-Happel-Stadion hosted 7 games of Euro 2008: 3 group games of the Austrian team, two quarter-finals, one semi-final and the final.
Ernst-Happel-Stadion 
 The stadium has hosted concerts by many famous artists, including AC/DC, Bon Jovi, David Bowie, Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band, Guns N' Roses, Michael Jackson, Pink Floyd, Robert Plant, Rihanna, The Rolling Stones, U2, Kanye West and Robbie Williams, among others.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 A hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) is type of cold cathode lamp used in physics and chemistry as a spectral line source (for example, in atomic absorption spectrometers) and as a frequency tuner for light sources such as lasers.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 An HCL takes advantage of the hollow cathode effect, which causes conduction at a lower voltage and with more current than a cold cathode lamp that does not have a hollow cathode.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 The HCL is a light source or radiation source which is used to excite electrons of a metal of interest to a higher energy level.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 Excitation is when an electron in its lowest energy state, also known as the ground state, undergoes a transition to a higher energy state known as an excited state.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 These transitions can occur through heat, electrical energy, light, particles, or a chemical reaction.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 The glass tube is filled with some type of inert gas such as argon or neon with a pressure of around 5 torr (666 Pascal).
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 The cathode is made of the pure metal of interest or a mixture of metals containing the metal of interest.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 Contamination of the cathode compromises the purity of the metal of interest and the data obtained for that metal.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 The material of the window is specifically selected in order to get the best transmission of spectral lines for the cathode element.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 This voltage is applied across the anode and the cathode and generates a current of 5-15 mA.  This current allows for electrons to move to the anode and cathode.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 If the voltage applied is large enough, the ions of the inert gas gather enough energy to remove some of the metal atoms of interest from the surface of the cathode by striking the surface.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 Some of these metal atoms in the cloud have moved to an excited energy state and as they return to their ground state, they emit a specific radiation which is characteristic to the metal of interest.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 The release of this radiation allows for data to be collected and information gathered pertaining to the metal of interest.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 After a period of time, the atoms move to the glass walls of the lamp or back to the surface of the cathode.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 These higher currents allow for more intense data output but at the same time can produce a number of unexcited atoms in the cloud.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 These unexcited atoms can interfere with good output data because they are able to absorb the radiation that is emitted from the excited electrons returning to their ground state.
Hollow-cathode lamp 
 Increasing the current too much can also result in a shorter lifetime of the lamp, as well as melting the metal on the cathode thus ruining the lamp.
Ernest Tubb 
 Ernest Dale Tubb (February 9, 1914 – September 6, 1984) was an American country music singer and songwriter.
Photomultiplier tubes 
 A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a transducer which converts photons into electrons, which generate a current and voltage.
Photomultiplier tubes 
 Photomultiplier tubes are used to detect low levels of incident light, even as low as a single photon.
Photomultiplier tubes 
 These electrons are then accelerated toward additional electrodes by a potential difference of about 90 volts.
Photomultiplier tubes 
 Photomultiplier tubes must not be exposed to intense light, such as the sun or ambient light because the intensity can damage the components.
Photomultiplier tubes 
 Photomultiplier tubes are commonly used for analysis techniques as well as medical and research purposes.
2011–12 Juventus F.C. season 
 The 2011–12 season is Juventus Football Club's 114th in Serie A. Juventus starts the season with a new Manager, Antonio Conte.
2011–12 Juventus F.C. season 
 On June 15, Former Juventus director manager Luciano Moggi has been banned for life from all Italian football.
2011–12 Juventus F.C. season 
 On October, President Andrea Agnelli said that Alessandro Del Piero will leave Juventus at the end of the season.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combines the features of gas-liquid chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS).
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 GC-MS has many uses include drug detection, fire investigation, environmental analysis and explosives investigation.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 Additionally, GC-MS can identify trace elements in deteriorated materials, even after the sample fell apart so much that other tests cannot work.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 A specific test positively identifies the actual presence of a particular substance in a given sample.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 Although a non-specific test could statistically suggest the identity of the substance, this could lead to false positive identification.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 Chemists used different detectors to see that compounds were flowing out of the end of the chromatograph.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 So, the mass spectrometer had to finish working on one compound before the next one flowed out of the chromatograph.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 As computers grew faster and smaller, GC-MS became faster and spread from laboratories into every day life.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 Today, computerized GC-MS instruments are widely used in environmental monitoring of water, air, and soil.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 It is also used in the regulation of agriculture, food safety and in the discovery and production of medicine.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 In 1964, EAI began development of a computer-controlled mass spectrometer under the direction of Robert E. Finnigan.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 In early 1968, delivered the first prototype quadrapole GC-MS instruments to Stanford and Purdue University.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 FIC was eventually renamed Finnigan Corporation and went on to establish itself as the worldwide leader in GC-MS systems.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 Because each compound in the sample sticks to the coating in a different way, each compound comes out of the tube at a different time.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 The different pieces fly under a magnet which separates the pieces based on their weight and charge.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 By comparing the measurements against a computer library of known compounds, the computer makes a list of the names of all of the compounds in the sample.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 
 The gas chromatograph uses a capillary column which depends on the column's dimensions (length, diameter, film thickness) as well as the phase properties (e.g. 5% phenyl polysiloxane).