the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 2 Esdras 14:45-46, which was written in the second century CE, declares: "Make public the twenty-four books that you wrote first, and let the worthy and the unworthy read them; but keep the seventy that were written last, in order to give them to the wise among your people."
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 This is the first known reference to the canonized Hebrew Bible, and the seventy non-canonical texts may have been mystical; the Talmud suggests other mystical traditions which may have their roots in Second Temple Judaism.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Judaism was rapidly changing, reacting and adapting to a larger political, cultural, and intellectual world, and in turn drawing the interests of non-Jews.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 All the Judaisms of the Hellenistic period, of both the diaspora and the land of Israel, were Hellenized, that is, were integral parts of the culture of the ancient world.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 It is a mistake to imagine that the land of Palestine preserved a "pure" form of Judaism and that the diaspora was the home of adulterated or diluted forms of Judaism.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 The term "Hellenistic Judaism" makes sense, then, only as a chronological indicator for the period from Alexander the Great to the Macabees or perhaps to the Roman conquests of the first century BCE.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 As a descriptive term for a certain type of Judaism, however, it is meaningless because all the Judaisms of the Hellenistic period were "Hellenistic." (
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Many Jews lived in the Diaspora, and the Judean provinces of Judea, Samaria, and the Galilee were populated by many Gentiles (who often showed an interest in Judaism).
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Jews had to live with the values of Hellenism and Hellenistic philosophy, which were often directly at odds with their own values and traditions.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Broadly, Hellenistic culture saw itself as a civilizor, bringing civilized values and ways to peoples they thought of as insular or either backwards or degenerate.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 For example, Greek-style bath houses were built in sight of the Temple in Jerusalem, for instance, and even in that city the gymnasium became a center of social, athletic, and intellectual life.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Many Jews, including some of the more aristocratic priests, embraced these institutions, although Jews who did so were often looked down upon due to their circumcision, which Jews saw as the mark of their covenant with God, but which Hellenistic culture viewed as an aesthetic defacement of the body.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Consequently, some Jews began to abandon the practice of circumcision (and thus their covenant with God), while others bridled at Greek domination.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 At the same time that Jews were confronting the cultural differences at their door, they had to confront a paradox in their own tradition: their Torah laws applied only to them, and to proselytes, but their God, they believed, was the one and only God of all.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 This situation led to new interpretations of the Torah, some of which were influenced by Hellenic thought and in response to Gentile interest in Judaism.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 It was in this period that many concepts from early Greek philosophy entered or influenced Judaism, as well as debates and sects within the religion and culture of the time.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Upon his death in 323 BCE his empire crumbled, and the province of Yehud became part of the kingdom of Egypt, ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Ptolemaic rule was mild: Alexandria became the largest Jewish city in the world, and Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt (281-246 BCE) promoted Jewish culture, sponsoring the Septuagint translation of the Torah.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 This period also saw the beginning of the Pharisees and other Jewish Second Temple parties such as the Sadducees and Essenes.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 But in the early 2nd century BCE Yehud fell to the Seleucid Syrian ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes (174-163 BCE), who, in contrast to the tolerance shown by the Ptolemids, attempted complete Hellenization of the Jews.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 His desecration of the Temple sparked a national rebellion, which ended in the expulsion of the Syrians and the re-consecration of the Temple under the Maccabees
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 The kingdom established by the Maccabees was a conscious attempt to revive the Judah described in the bible: a Jewish monarchy ruled from Jerusalem and stretching over all the territories once ruled by David and Solomon.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 In order to carry out this project the Hasmonean kings conquered (and forcibly converted to Judaism) the one-time Moabites, Edomites and Ammonites, as well as the lost kingdom of Israel.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Generally, the Jews accepted foreign rule when they were only required to pay tribute, and otherwise allowed to govern themselves internally.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Nevertheless, Jews were divided between those favoring hellenization and those opposing it, and were divided over allegiance to the Ptolemies or Seleucids.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 When the High Priest Simon II died in 175 BCE, conflict broke out between supporters of his son Onias III (who opposed hellenization, and favored the Ptolemies) and his son Jason (who favored hellenization, and favored the Seleucids).
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 A period of political intrigue followed, with priests such as Menelaus bribing the king to win the High Priesthood, and accusations of murder of competing contenders for the title.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Huge numbers of Jews flocked to Jason's side, and in 167 BCE the Seleucid king Antiochus IV invaded Judea, entered the Temple, and stripped it of money and ceremonial objects.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Jason fled to Egypt, and Antiochus imposed a program of forced hellenization, requiring Jews to abandon their own laws and customs under threat of slaughter.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 At this point Mattathias and his five sons, John, Eleazar, Simon, Jonathan, and Judah Maccabee, priests of the Hasmon family living in the rural village of Modein (pronounced "Mo-Ah-Dein"), assumed leadership of a bloody and ultimately successful revolt against the Seleucids.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 In 141 BCE an assembly of priests and others affirmed Simon as high priest and leader, in effect establishing the Hasmonean dynasty.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 When Simon was killed in 135 BCE, his son (and Judah's nephew) John Hyrcanus took his place as high priest and king.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 After defeating the Seleucid forces, John Hyrcanus established a new monarchy in the form of the priestly Hasmonean dynasty in 152 BCE — thus making priests as political as well as religious authorities.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Although the Hasmoneans were popularly seen as heroes and leaders for resisting the Seleucids, some regarded their reign as lacking the religious legitimacy conferred by descent from the Davidic dynasty of the First Temple Era.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 The rift between the priests and the sages grew during the Hellenistic period, when the Jews faced new political and cultural struggles.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Around this time the Sadducee party emerged as the party of the priests and allied elites (the name Sadducee comes from Zadok, the high priest of the first Temple).
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 The Essenes were another early mystical-religious movement, who are believed to have rejected either the Seleucid appointed high priests, or the Hasmonean high priests, as wrong.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 But they soon rejected the Second Temple, arguing that the Essene community was itself the new Temple, and that obedience to the law represented a new form of sacrifice.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Although their lack of concern for the Second Temple alienated the Essenes from the great mass of Jews, their notion that the sacred could exist outside of the Temple was shared by another group, the Pharisees ("separatists"), based within the community of scribes and sages.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 During the Hasmonean period, the Sadducees and Pharisees functioned primarily as political parties (the Essenes not being as politically oriented).
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 The political differences between the Sadducees and Pharisees became evident when Pharisees demanded that the Hasmonean king Alexander Jannai choose between being king and being High Priest in the traditional manner.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 This demand led to a brief civil war that ended with a bloody repression of the Pharisees, although at his deathbed the king called for a reconciliation between the two parties.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Upon her death her elder son, Hyrcanus II, sought Pharisee support, and her younger son, Aristobulus, sought the support of the Sadducees.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 In 64 BCE the Roman general Pompey took over Jerusalem and made the Jewish kingdom a client of Rome.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 In 57-55 BCE Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria, split it into Galilee, Samaria & Judea, with 5 district Sanhedrin/Synedrion (councils of law).
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 In 40-39 BCE Herod the Great was appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate, but in 6 CE his successor, Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Judea, was deposed by the emperor Augustus and his territories annexed as Iudaea Province under direct Roman administration: this marked the end of Judah as an even theoretically independent kingdom.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 Israel and Judah inherited the religion of late first-millennium Canaan, and Canaanite religion in turn had its roots in the religion of second-millennium Ugarit.
History of ancient Israel and Judah 
 In the 2nd millennium, polytheism was expressed through the concepts of the divine council and the divine family.
Golden Slumbers 
 "Golden Slumbers" is a song by The Beatles, part of the climactic medley on their 1969 album Abbey Road.
Golden Slumbers 
 The song begins the progression that leads to the end of the album and is followed by "Carry That Weight."
Golden Slumbers 
 The two songs were recorded together as a single piece, and both were written by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon/McCartney).
Golden Slumbers 
 Starting with the line "Golden slumbers fill your eyes", the drums come in and McCartney switches to a stronger tone.
Golden Slumbers 
 McCartney said, "I remember trying to get a very strong vocal on it, because it was such a gentle theme, so I worked on the strength of the vocal on it, and ended up quite pleased with it."
Golden Slumbers 
 He was injured in a motor vehicle accident in Scotland on July 1, 1969, and was hospitalized there until July 6.
Golden Slumbers 
 Additional vocals were added in an overdub session on 30 July 1969, the same day the first trial edit of the side two medley was created.
Golden Slumbers 
 On 15 August, orchestral overdubs were made to "Golden Slumbers" and five other songs on Abbey Road.
Golden Slumbers 
 Uncredited – twelve violins, four violas, four cellos, double bass, four horns, three trumpets, trombone, bass trombone
Carry That Weight 
 Released on Abbey Road and part of the long, climactic medley that closes the album, it has vocals from all four of the Beatles (a rarity in their songs).
Carry That Weight 
 The middle bridge, featuring brass instruments, electric guitar and vocals, repeats the beginning of "You Never Give Me Your Money", but with different lyrics.
Carry That Weight 
 The ending also repeats the arpeggiated guitar motif from the end of that song, similar to the figure featured in the George Harrison written songs "Here Comes the Sun" and "Badge" (co-written by Harrison and Eric Clapton).
Carry That Weight 
 Music critic Ian MacDonald said that the lyrics were an acknowledgment by the group that nothing they would do as solo artists would equal what they had achieved together, and they would always carry the weight of their Beatle past.
Carry That Weight 
 McCartney said the song was about the Beatles' business difficulties and the atmosphere at Apple at the time.
Carry That Weight 
 McCartney, Harrison and Starr recorded 15 takes of the two songs while Lennon was in the hospital recovering from a car accident in Scotland.
Carry That Weight 
 That day and the next, McCartney overdubbed his lead vocals and rhythm guitar, Harrison added lead guitar, and all three sang the chorus.
Carry That Weight 
 Uncredited – twelve violins, four violas, four cellos, one double bass, four horns, three trumpets, one trombone, one bass trombone
Her Majesty (song) 
 "Her Majesty" is a song written by Paul McCartney (although credited to Lennon/McCartney) that appears on The Beatles' album Abbey Road. "
Her Majesty (song) 
 Her Majesty" is the final track of the album and appears fourteen seconds after the song "The End", but was not listed on the original sleeve.
Her Majesty (song) 
 The song was recorded in three takes on July 2, 1969, before the Beatles started work on "Golden Slumbers"/"Carry That Weight".
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song) 
 Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" is a song credited to Lennon/McCartney, and released in 1967, on The Beatles' album of the same name.
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song) 
 The song appears twice on the album: as the first song (transitioning into "With a Little Help from My Friends"), and as "Sgt.
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song) 
 Since its original album release, the song has also been released on singles, on compilation albums, and has been performed by several other artists including Jimi Hendrix (such as at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970), U2, and a comic interpretation by Bill Cosby.
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song) 
 Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album, the song opens to the sound of a loud audience, and an orchestra tuning up, which was taken from the February 10 orchestra session for "A Day in the Life".
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song) 
 The crowd sounds edited into the song were recorded in the early '60s by Martin, during a live recording of the stage show Beyond the Fringe.
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song) 
 Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)" is a repeat of the song at a faster tempo with heavier instruments.
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song) 
 While the first track stays largely in the key of G major (except for transient modulation to F and perhaps C in the bridges), the reprise starts in F and modulates back to G. The track opens with a distorted guitar strumming a "Hendrix chord" (dominant 7th sharp 9).
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song) 
 The idea for a reprise was Aspinall's, who thought that as there was a "welcome song", there should be a "goodbye song".
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song) 
 At the end of the track, Martin's pre-recorded applause sample segues into the real final track of the album, "A Day in the Life".
With a Little Help from My Friends 
 "With a Little Help from My Friends" (originally titled "A Little Help from My Friends") is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, released on The Beatles album Sgt.
With a Little Help from My Friends 
 The song was written for and sung by Beatles drummer Ringo Starr as the character "Billy Shears"; it is ranked #304 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
With a Little Help from My Friends 
 Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr performed this song for the first time together at the David Lynch Foundation Benefit Concert in the Radio City Music Hall, New York on 4 April 2009.
With a Little Help from My Friends 
 Lennon and McCartney finished writing this song in mid-March 1967, written as Starr's song for the album.
With a Little Help from My Friends 
 It was briefly called Bad Finger Boogie (later the inspiration for the band name Badfinger), because Lennon composed the melody on a piano using his middle finger after having hurt his forefinger; but in his 1980 Playboy interview Lennon said: "This is Paul, with a little help from me. '
With a Little Help from My Friends 
 Lennon and McCartney wrote a tune with a limited range - except for the last note, which McCartney worked closely with Starr to achieve.
With a Little Help from My Friends 
 Speaking in the Anthology, Starr insisted on changing the first line which originally was "What would you do if I sang out of tune?
With a Little Help from My Friends 
 In the early days, after George Harrison made a comment that he liked jelly babies, fans would throw them at the Beatles at all of their live shows.)
With a Little Help from My Friends 
 The other three Beatles sing a question and Starr answers, for example: "Would you believe in a love at first sight? /
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney  for The Beatles' 1967 album Sgt.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 Lennon's son, Julian, inspired the song with a nursery school drawing he called "Lucy — in the sky with diamonds".
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 Shortly after the song's release, people realized that the first letter of each of the title's nouns spelled  LSD.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 One of them was Elton John, whose 1974 recording was at the top of the Billboards chart for two weeks.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 According to the Beatles, Lennon's son, Julian Lennon showed his father a nursery school drawing he called Lucy - in the sky with diamonds, depicting his classmate, Lucy O'Donnell.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 Julian said, "I don't know why I called it that or why it stood out from all my other drawings, but I obviously had an affection for Lucy at that age.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 I used to show dad everything I'd built or painted at school, and this one sparked off the idea..."   Lucy Vodden née O'Donnell died of an immune system disease in 2009.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 Rolling Stone magazine described the song as "Lennon's lavish daydream" and music critic Richie Unterberger said "'Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds' was one of the best songs on the Beatles' famous Sgt.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 There are few other songs that so successfully evoke a dream world, in both the sonic textures and words."
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 In a review for the BBC, Chris Jones described the song as "nursery rhyme surrealism" that contributed to Sgt.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 Pepper's "revolutionary ... sonic carpet that enveloped the ears and sent the listener spinning into other realms."
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 In later interviews, Lennon expressed disappointment with the Beatles' arrangement of the recording, complaining that inadequate time was taken to fully develop his initial idea for the song.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 A 3.2 million year-old, 40% complete fossil skeleton of an Australopithecus afarensis specimen discovered in 1974 was named "Lucy" because the Beatles song was being played loudly and repeatedly on a tape recorder in the camp.
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 
 The White dwarf star BPM 37093, which contains a core of crystallized carbon roughly 4000 km in diameter, is informally named "Lucy" as a tribute to the Beatles song.
Getting Better 
 "Getting Better" is a song written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon, based on an original idea by McCartney.
Getting Better 
 During the 21 March 1967 session in which producer George Martin added a piano solo, Lennon complained that he did not feel well and could not focus.
Getting Better 
 Unaware of the mistake, Martin took him up to the roof of Abbey Road Studio for some fresh air, and returned to Studio Two where McCartney and Harrison were waiting.
Getting Better 
 They knew why Lennon was not well, and upon hearing where Lennon was, rushed to the roof to retrieve him and prevent a possible accident.
Fixing a Hole 
 "Fixing a Hole" is a song mainly written by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon/McCartney) and performed by The Beatles on the 1967 album Sgt.
Fixing a Hole 
 The first of two recording sessions for the song was at Regent Sound Studio in London on 9 February 1967 in three takes.
Fixing a Hole 
 The lead vocal was recorded at the same time as the rhythm track, a change from their post-1963 approach of overdubbing the vocal.
Fixing a Hole 
 According to McCartney, on the night of the session an unusual man appeared at the gate of McCartney's home and said he was Jesus Christ.
Fixing a Hole 
 After a cup of tea, and after getting him to promise to be quiet and sit in a corner, McCartney brought the man to the recording session.
Fixing a Hole 
 In another version of the story, John Lennon arrived at the studio, found the man hanging around the front door, and it was Lennon who invited him in.
Fixing a Hole 
 The song is referenced to by Lennon in the last stanza of the song "Glass Onion" ("Fixing a Hole in the ocean"), from The Beatles, released a year later.
Fixing a Hole 
 In the live-action scene at the end of the 1968 movie Yellow Submarine, Ringo mentions that he gave the other half of the "hole in me pocket" to Jeremy, so that he could "stop his mind from wandering", a direct reference to "Fixing a Hole".
Ian MacDonald 
 Ian MacCormick (known by the pseudonym Ian MacDonald; 3 October 1948 – 20 August 2003) was a British music critic and author, best known for both Revolution in the Head, his critical history of The Beatles.
She's Leaving Home 
 "She's Leaving Home" is a song, written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and released in 1967 on The Beatles album Sgt.
She's Leaving Home 
 This was one of a handful of songs of the Beatles in which the members did not play any instruments.
She's Leaving Home 
 The newspaper story McCartney mentioned was from the front page of the Daily Mirror, about a girl named Melanie Coe.
She's Leaving Home 
 Although McCartney made up most of the content, Coe, who was 17 at the time said that he got most of it right.
She's Leaving Home 
 In real life, Melanie did not "meet a man from the motor trade", but instead a croupier, and left in the afternoon while her parents were at work.
She's Leaving Home 
 Coincidentally, Coe had met McCartney three years earlier when she was a contestant and prize winner on ITV's Ready Steady Go!.
She's Leaving Home 
 The day before McCartney wanted to work on the string arrangement, he learned that George Martin was not available to do the score.
She's Leaving Home 
 It was the first time a Beatle song was not arranged by Martin (and the only time it was done with the Beatles' consent: Phil Spector's orchestration of Let It Be was done without McCartney's knowledge).
She's Leaving Home 
 The stereo version of the song runs at a slower speed than the mono mix, and consequently is a semitone lower in pitch.
She's Leaving Home 
 This is mentioned in the booklet accompanying The Beatles in Mono CD box set, but no reason is given.
She's Leaving Home 
 A 2007 Mojo magazine article revealed the mono mix was sped up to make Paul sound younger and tighten the track.
She's Leaving Home 
 Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, composer Ned Rorem described "She's Leaving Home" as "equal to any song that Schubert ever wrote."
Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! 
 It was composed mainly by John Lennon with input from Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon/McCartney.