the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
The West Wing 
 The election timeline in The West Wing matches up with that of the real world until early in the sixth season, when it appears that a year is lost.
The West Wing 
 For example, the filing deadline for the New Hampshire primary, which would normally fall in January 2006, appears in an episode airing in January 2005.
The West Wing 
 In an interview, John Wells stated that the series began one and a half years into Bartlet's first term and that the election to replace Bartlet was being held at the correct time.
The West Wing 
 In the season 5 episode "Access", it is mentioned that the Casey Creek crisis occurred during Bartlet's first term, and network footage of the crisis carries the date of November 2001.
The West Wing 
 Bartlet won the election with 48% of the popular vote, 48 million votes, and a 303–235 margin in the Electoral College.
The West Wing 
 Bartlet faced three debates with his Republican opponent, who is assumed to be Lewis D. Eisenhower, the Vice President under Owen Lassiter and an immediate relative to former President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
The West Wing 
 It is mentioned that Bartlet won the third and final debate, which was held eight days before election day in St. Louis, Missouri, and that this helped swing a close election in his favor.
The West Wing 
 Josh Lyman said in the days prior to the election "Bartlet was punching brick walls" as the result seemed too close to call, before the result broke his way.
The West Wing 
 Leo McGarry said the same thing in "Bartlet for America" when he said "It was eight days to go, and we were too close to call".
The West Wing 
 In the episodes "In the Shadow of Two Gunmen" and "Bartlet for America", flashbacks are used to tell how Bartlet defeated Texas Senator John Hoynes (Tim Matheson) and Washington Senator William Wiley for the Democratic nomination.
The West Wing 
 The flashbacks also reveal how Leo McGarry persuaded Bartlet, who was then governor of New Hampshire, to run for president and how Bartlet ultimately selected John Hoynes as his choice as running mate.
The West Wing 
 The West Wing's 2002 presidential election pits Bartlet and Vice President John Hoynes against Florida Governor Robert Ritchie (James Brolin) and his running mate, Jeff Heston.
The West Wing 
 Bartlet faces no known opposition for renomination, though Democratic Senator Stackhouse does launch a brief independent campaign for the presidency.
The West Wing 
 Ritchie, not originally expected to contend for the nomination, emerges from a field of seven other Republican candidates by appealing to the party's conservative base with simple, "homey" sound bites.
The West Wing 
 Bartlet's staff contemplates replacing Vice President John Hoynes on the ticket with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Percy Fitzwallace (John Amos), among others.
The West Wing 
 After it is clear that Ritchie will be the Republican nominee, Bartlet dismisses the idea, declaring that he wants Hoynes in the number two spot because of "four words," which he writes down and hands to his staffers to read: "Because I could die."
The West Wing 
 Throughout the season it is anticipated that the race will be close, but a stellar performance by Bartlet in the sole debate between the candidates helps give Bartlet a landslide victory in both the popular and electoral vote.
The West Wing 
 A speed-up in The West Wing's timeline, in part due to the expiration of many cast members' contracts and a desire to continue the program with lower production costs, resulted in the omission of the 2004 midterm elections and an election during the seventh season.
The West Wing 
 The seventh season covers the lead-up to the general election, the election, and the transition to a new administration.
The West Wing 
 The election, normally held in November, takes place across two episodes originally broadcast on April 2 and April 9, 2006.
The West Wing 
 Congressman Matt Santos (D-TX) (Jimmy Smits) is nominated on the fourth ballot at the Democratic National Convention, during the sixth season finale.
The West Wing 
 Santos was planning to leave Congress before being recruited to run for the presidency by Josh Lyman.
The West Wing 
 Santos polled in the low single digits in the Iowa caucus and was virtually out of the running in the New Hampshire primary before a last-ditch direct television appeal vaults him to a third-place finish with 19% of the vote.
The West Wing 
 Senator Arnold Vinick (R-CA) (Alan Alda) secures the Republican nomination, defeating Glen Allen Walken (John Goodman) and the Reverend Don Butler (Don S. Davis), among others.
The West Wing 
 Vinick is portrayed throughout the sixth season as virtually unbeatable because of his popularity in California, a typically Democratic state, his moderate views, and his wide crossover appeal.
The West Wing 
 Vinick, however, faces difficulty with the pro-life members of his party as a pro-choice candidate, and criticism for his support of nuclear power following a serious accident at a Californian nuclear power station.
The West Wing 
 On the evening of the election, Leo McGarry suffers a massive heart attack and is pronounced dead at the hospital, with the polls still open on the West Coast.
The West Wing 
 The Santos campaign releases the information immediately, while Arnold Vinick refuses to use Leo's death as a "stepstool" to the presidency.
The West Wing 
 Santos emerges as the winner in his home state of Texas, while Vinick wins his home state of California.
The West Wing 
 Vinick tells his staff repeatedly that he will not allow his campaign to demand a recount of the votes if Santos is declared the winner.
The West Wing 
 Josh Lyman is seen giving Santos the same advice, although the Santos campaign does send a team of lawyers down to Nevada.
The West Wing 
 Santos is pronounced the winner of the election, having won Nevada by 30,000 votes, with an electoral margin of 272–266.
The West Wing 
 Santos organizes his administration, choosing Josh Lyman as Chief of Staff, who in turn calls on former colleague Sam Seaborn to be Deputy Chief of Staff.
The West Wing 
 In need of experienced cabinet members, Santos taps Arnold Vinick as Secretary of State, believing the senior statesman to be one of the best strategists available and respected by foreign leaders.
The West Wing 
 Having said his goodbyes to his closest staff, former President Bartlet tells President Santos, "Make me proud, Mr. President", to which Santos responds, "I'll do my best, Mr. President."
The West Wing 
 According to executive producer Lawrence O'Donnell, Jr., the writers originally intended for Vinick to win the election.
The West Wing 
 However, the death of Spencer forced him and his colleagues to consider the emotional strain that would result from having Santos lose both his running mate and the election.
The West Wing 
 Other statements from John Wells, however, have contradicted O'Donnell's claims about a previously planned Vinick victory.
The West Wing 
 In 2008 O'Donnell stated to camera "We actually planned at the outset for Jimmy Smits to win, that was our .. just .. plan of how this was all going to work, but the Vinick character came on so strong in the show, and was so effective, it became a real contest ... and it became a real contest in the West Wing writer's room."
The West Wing 
 Similarities between the fictional 2006 election and the real-life 2008 U.S. presidential election have been noted in the media: young minority Democratic candidate (Matthew Santos on the show, Barack Obama in real life) has a gruelling but successful primary campaign against a more experienced candidate (Bob Russell on the show, Hillary Clinton in real life) and chooses an experienced Washington insider as his running mate (Leo McGarry on the show, Joe Biden in real life), whereas the Republican contest is determined early in the primary season with an aging maverick senator of a Western state being the nominee (Arnold Vinick on the show, John McCain in real life), defeating an ordained minister as the closest competitor (Reverend Butler on the show, Mike Huckabee in real life), and then selecting a socially conservative running mate from a small Republican state (West Virginia Governor Ray Sullivan on the show, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin in real life).
The West Wing 
 Writer Eli Attie called David Axelrod to talk about Obama after Obama's 2004 Democratic National Convention speech and says that he "drew inspiration from [Obama] in drawing [the Santos] character," while actor Jimmy Smits says that Obama "was one of the people that I looked to draw upon."
The West Wing 
 Obama's Chief of Staff, Rahm Emanuel, is said to be the basis of the Josh Lyman character, who became Santos' Chief of Staff.
The West Wing 
 White House Museum: "The West Wing of The West Wing" with layout, pictures, and reviews comparing the TV West Wing to the real West Wing
Servite College 
 Members of the Servite Order came to Australia in late 1951 and by 1958 had established St. Philip’s Regional High School for Boys in Tuart Hill.
Afonso I of Portugal 
 Alphonse I or Alphonzo I (in Portuguese Afonso I) (25 July 1109 - 6 December 1185) was the first king of Portugal.
Amália Rodrigues 
 Amália da Piedade Rebordão Rodrigues, known just by Amália Rodrigues (July 23, 1920 – October 6, 1999) was a Portuguese singer and actress.
Amália Rodrigues 
 She was called the "Rainha do Fado" ("Queen of Fado") and she was very important in making the fado popular all over the world.
Orrin Hatch 
 After the Republicans won control of the Senate during the 2014 midterms, Hatch became President pro tempore on January 6, 2015 after the 114th United States Congress was sworn in.
Orrin Hatch 
 In 1976, in his first run for public office, Hatch was elected to the United States Senate, defeating Democrat Frank Moss, a three-term incumbent.
Orrin Hatch 
 Among other issues, Hatch criticized Moss' 18-year tenure in the Senate, saying "What do you call a Senator who's served in office for 18 years?
Orrin Hatch 
 In 1995 Hatch was the leading figure behind the senate's anti-terrorism bill, to a large extent a response to the Oklahoma City Bombing.
Orrin Hatch 
 As a senior member of the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, Hatch was also instrumental in the 2008 extension of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.
Orrin Hatch 
 No, the legislation is not perfect, but it ensures that the increased expansion of the judiciary into foreign intelligence gathering doesn’t unnecessarily hamper our intelligence community.”
Orrin Hatch 
 Hatch has been a longtime advocate of amending the United States Constitution to require that total spending of the federal government for any fiscal year not exceed total receipts.
Orrin Hatch 
 He proposed the DREAM Act, which would provide a pathway to citizenship for the children of undocumented immigrants, who were children when their parents came to the United States.
Orrin Hatch 
 Senator Hatch co-sponsored the Restoring the 10th Amendment Act (S. 4020 111th Congress), which would strengthen state rights under the 10th Amendment.
Orrin Hatch 
 Hatch has long expressed interest in serving on the U.S. Supreme Court, but due to his age decided not to express any interest anymore.
Orrin Hatch 
 It was reported that he was on  Ronald Reagan's short list of candidates to succeed Lewis F. Powell, Jr. on the United States Supreme Court, but was passed over at least in part because of the Ineligibility Clause.
Orrin Hatch 
 After Bork's and Douglas H. Ginsburg's nominations to the seat faltered, Anthony Kennedy was confirmed to fill the vacancy.
Orrin Hatch 
 In 2000, Hatch made a failed bid for the Republican presidential nomination, losing to then-Texas Governor George W. Bush.
Orrin Hatch 
 During the first Republican debate, Hatch made web usability a campaign issue, a first for a presidential candidate.
Committees of the United States Senate 
 Also, when the Senate wants to ask the President or another important person questions, they usually do it in a committee.
Committees of the United States Senate 
 , there are 88 subsidiary bodies of the US Senate: 16 standing committees with 67 subcommittees, and five non-standing committees.
Johnny Rozsa 
 Rozsa photographed famous people including Hugh Grant, Halle Berry, Janet Jackson, Nicholas Cage, John Malkovich and Natasha Richardson.
Lichen 
 They are all different kinds of living things, so some scientists say they can't be classified together.
Lichen 
 But some scientists say they can, because they are all living together and they are all doing the same thing.
Lichen 
 So they have to be the same kind of living thing.20% (one in five) of fungal species live in lichens.
Lichen 
 Algae may be sometimes the dominant partner in so-called 'jelly lichens', Collema and Leptogium, but this is rare.
Lichen 
 Lichens are famous for not needing a regular supply of water; their metabolism can go into suspension, and later revive.
Lichen 
 When growing on mineral surfaces, some lichens slowly break down the substrate, and extract tiny amounts of mineral nutrient.
Lichen 
 Fungi form the main part of the thallus (body), with the photobiont contributing 20% or less.p17 The photobiont is usually on the inside of the thallus.
Lichen 
 Lichen thalli may grow together and fuse, and this may happen between different species and genera.p23 These are called 'mechanical hybrids'.
Lichen 
 They are found in some of the most extreme places on Earth – the frozen north, hot deserts, rocky coasts.
Lichen 
 They can live on bare rock, walls and gravestones, and on exposed soil surfaces.p19 There are about 200 different kinds of lichens in Antarctica.
Lichen 
 Two species of lichen were exposed to the vacuum of space, to cosmic radiation and huge swings of temperature.
Lichen 
 A single site in Costa Rica yielded about 300 species of lichen on leaves, in the understory of the rain forest; a single fallen Elaeocarpus tree in New Guinea held 173 species; the evergreen laurel Ocotea atirrensis was found with 50–80 lichen species on a single leaf.p60–61
Lichen 
 Probably most of the algae and all of the cyanobacteria can survive on their own, though in more restricted habitats.
Lichen 
 The man who first realised the nature of lichen, Simon Schwedener, thought of the partnership as one of controlled parasitism.
Lichen 
 Obviously, the photobiont provides photosynthetic products: carbohydrates as sugar alcohols (green algae) or glucose (cyanobacteria).
Lichen 
 The bacteria also convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonium ions (NH4+) which the fungus can use in amino acids for proteins.p26
Lichen 
 Probably, algae get access to the minute amounts of minerals, which the fungus gets from the substrate or from dust settling on the thallus.
Lichen 
 Algal cells are sometimes destroyed in the course of nutrient exchange, though the algal cells divide and replace them.
Lichen 
 Above all, the partnership is a resounding success, and gets to places where few plants can survive.
Lichen 
 These fruiting bodies are usually perennial, and may be long-lasting: some in the Swiss Alps have lived for over 50 years.
Lichen 
 The fossil record for lichen dates back 400 million years for certain, and the signs are that earlier forms existed 600 million years ago.
Lichen 
 It is thought, from the number of fungal and algal species involved, that the symbiosis must have taken place many times between different species.p46
Lichen 
 For this reason, they are used by scientists to show changes in the environment, such as air pollution, ozone depletion, and metal contamination.
Lichen 
 The map lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum grows extremely slowly, and can reach an age of over 1000 years.
Lichen 
 It may be used for dating: the diameter of the largest lichen of a species on a rock surface shows the time that the rock has been exposed.
Lichen 
 A kind of lichen, which is called Iwatake in Japanese and Seogi in Korean language, is collected from cliffs, and used in various Korean and Japanese foods.
Lichen 
 There are reports dating back almost 2000 years of purple and red colours being extracted from lichens.
History of the Earth 
 The history of the Earth describes the most important events and fundamental stages in the development of the planet Earth from its formation to the present day.
History of the Earth 
 Nearly all branches of science have helped us understand the main events of the Earth's past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution.
History of the Earth 
 The geological time scale (GTS), as defined by international convention, depicts the large spans of time from the beginning of the Earth to the present.
History of the Earth 
 The Earth is about, approximately one-third the age of the universe, by accretion from the solar nebula.
History of the Earth 
 This cloud, the solar nebula, was composed of hydrogen and helium produced in the Big Bang, as well as heavier elements produced in supernovas.
History of the Earth 
 Then, about 4.68 billion years ago, the solar nebula began to contract, rotate and gain angular momentum.
History of the Earth 
 This may have been triggered by a star in the region exploding as a supernova, and sending a shock wave through the solar nebula.
History of the Earth 
 Meanwhile, the rest of the disc began to break up into rings, with gravity causing matter to condense around dust particles.
History of the Earth 
 Small fragments collided to become larger fragments, including one collection about  from the center: this would become the Earth.
History of the Earth 
 As the Sun condensed and heated, nuclear fusion started, and the solar wind cleared out most of the material in the disc, which had not yet condensed, into larger bodies.
History of the Earth 
 The same process is expected to produce accretion disks around virtually all newly forming stars in the universe, some of which yield planets.
History of the Earth 
 Radiometric dating of these rocks has shown the Moon to be 4527 ± 10 million years old, about 30 to 55 million years younger than other bodies in the solar system.
History of the Earth 
 New evidence suggests the Moon formed even later, 4.48±0.02 Ga, or 70–110 Ma after the start of the Solar System.
History of the Earth 
 Another notable feature is the relatively low density of the Moon, which must mean it does not have a large metallic core, like all other terrestrial bodies in the solar system.
History of the Earth 
 Theories for the formation of the Moon must explain its late formation as well as the following facts.
History of the Earth 
 First, the Moon has a low density (3.3 times that of water, compared to 5.5 for the Earth) and a small metallic core.
History of the Earth 
 Third, the Earth and Moon have the same oxygen isotopic signature (relative abundance of the oxygen isotopes).
History of the Earth 
 The Moon has a bulk composition closely resembling the Earth's mantle and crust together, without the Earth's core.
History of the Earth 
 This has led to the giant impact hypothesis: the idea that the Moon was formed by a giant impact of the proto-Earth with another protoplanet.
History of the Earth 
 The impactor, sometimes named Theia, is thought to have been a little smaller than the current planet Mars.
History of the Earth 
 Models reveal that when an impactor this size struck the proto-Earth at a low angle and relatively low speed (), much material from the mantles (and proto-crusts) of the proto-Earth and the impactor was ejected into space, where much of it stayed in orbit around the Earth.
History of the Earth 
 However, the metallic cores of the impactor would have sunk through the Earth's mantle to fuse with the Earth's core, depleting the Moon of metallic material.
History of the Earth 
 The ejecta in orbit around the Earth could have condensed into a single body within a couple of weeks.
History of the Earth 
 Under the influence of its own gravity, the ejected material became a more spherical body: the Moon.
History of the Earth 
 The radiometric ages show the Earth existed already for at least 10 million years before the impact, enough time to allow for differentiation of the Earth's primitive mantle and core.
History of the Earth 
 Then, when the impact occurred, only material from the mantle was ejected, leaving the Earth's core of heavy elements untouched.
History of the Earth 
 Immediately after the impact, the Earth's mantle was vigorously convecting, the surface was a large magma ocean.
History of the Earth 
 The planet's first atmosphere must have been completely blown away by the enormous amount of energy released.
History of the Earth 
 The impact is also thought to have changed Earth’s axis to produce the large 23.5° axial tilt that is responsible for Earth’s seasons (a simple, ideal model of the planets’ origins would have axial tilts of 0° with no recognizable seasons).
History of the Earth 
 At the beginning of the Archean, the Earth's heat flow was nearly three times higher than it is today, and was still twice the current level by the beginning of the Proterozoic.
History of the Earth 
 Thus, plates  and volcanic activity were considerably more active than they are today; the Earth's crust was not only thinner than is today, but probably broken up into many more tectonic plates, with numerous hot spots, rift valleys, and transform faults.
History of the Earth 
 The existence of plate tectonics in this eon is disputed: it is an active area of modern research.p297-302
History of the Earth 
 There were no large continents until late in the Archean; small protocontinents were the norm, prevented from coalescing into larger units by the high rate of geologic activity.
History of the Earth 
 These felsic protocontinents probably formed at hot spots rather than subduction zones, from a variety of sources:  mafic magma melting more felsic rocks, partial melting of mafic rock, and from the metamorphic alteration of felsic sedimentary rocks.p297-301
History of the Earth 
 Temperatures appear to have been near modern levels, although astronomers think that the sun was about one-third dimmer.
History of the Earth 
 When the Archean began, the Earth's heat flow was nearly three times as high as it is today, and it was still twice the current level at the transition from the Archean to the Proterozoic (2,500 Ma).
History of the Earth 
 The extra heat was the result of a mix of remnant heat from planetary accretion, from the formation of the metallic core, and from the decay of radioactive elements.
History of the Earth 
 Archean rocks are known from Greenland, the Canadian Shield, western Australia, and southern Africa.
History of the Earth 
 Although the first continents formed during this eon, rock this age makes up only 7% of the world's current cratons; even allowing for erosion and destruction of past formations, evidence suggests that only 5-40% of the present continental crust formed during the Archean.p301
History of the Earth 
 In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as greywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments, and banded iron formations.
History of the Earth 
 Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations: they are made of alternating high and low-grade metamorphic rocks.
History of the Earth 
 The high-grade rocks come from volcanic island arcs, and the low-grade metamorphic rocks come from deep-sea sediments.
History of the Earth 
 The processes that gave rise to life on Earth are not completely understood, but there is substantial evidence that life came into existence either near the end of the Hadean Eon or early in the Archean Eon.
History of the Earth 
 The earliest evidence for life on Earth is graphite of biogenic origin found in 3.7 billion–year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland.
History of the Earth 
 Fossils of cyanobacterial mats (stromatolites) are found throughout the Archean—becoming especially common late in the eon—while a few other probable bacterial fossils are known from chert beds.p307 In addition to bacteria, microfossils of the extremophilic archaea have also been identified.
History of the Earth 
 Life in the Archean was limited to simple single-celled organisms (lacking nuclei), called prokaryotes.