the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Appomattox Court House 
 It is where General Robert E. Lee of the Confederate Army surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant and the Union Army on April 9, 1865, ending the American Civil War.
Appomattox Court House 
 Though the place is called Appomattox Court House, the surrender took place at the McLean House, a private home.
Base isolation 
 Base isolation is a collection of a building’s units resting on its foundation to provide separation of the building from shaking ground thus improving seismic performance.
Base isolation 
 Isolation units are the basic elements of base isolation system which provide the mentioned separation effect to a building structure.
Base isolation 
 Isolation components are the connections between isolation units and other parts of the building having no separation effect of their own.
Base isolation 
 From the very beginning, the theory of base isolation rested on two pillars: heavy damping and frequency separation.
Base isolation 
 Unfortunately, nobody paid any attention that the heavy damping was a sort of a strong connection between a substructure and superstructure, and that the idea of decoupling them with the help of such connections was of no good.
Base isolation 
 Anyway, to virtually test-drive any design concept of base isolation, some online help is available now.
Vibration control 
 In earthquake engineering, vibration control is a set of technical means for decreasing seismic loads and improving seismic performance of building structures.
Vibration control 
 Base isolators restrict penetration of potentially damaging seismic waves into a building structure while dampers decrease destructive effect of those waves.
Telephone card 
 A telephone card, calling card or phone card for short, is a small plastic card that is used to pay for telephone calls.
Vera Menchik 
 She also competed in chess tournaments with some of the world's leading male chess masters, defeating some of them, including future World Champion Max Euwe.p256
Vera Menchik 
 Her father taught her chess when she was nine and, in the year of her arrival in England at the age of fifteen, she won the British girls' championship.
Vera Menchik 
 The following year, she became a pupil of Géza Maróczy, the leading Hungarian grandmaster at the time.
Vera Menchik 
 She won the first Women's World Championship in 1927 and successfully defended her title six times in every other championship in her lifetime, and only lost one game, while winning 78 and drawing four games.
Vera Menchik 
 In addition, Menchik won two matches against her rival Sonja Graf for the Women’s World Champion title; (+3 –1 =0) at Rotterdam 1934, and (+9 –2 =5) at Semmering 1937.
Vera Menchik 
 When, the same year, she entered the tournament in Carlsbad, Viennese master Albert Becker ridiculed her entry by suggesting that any player whom Menchik defeated in tournament play should be granted membership into the Vera Menchik Club.
Vera Menchik 
 In addition to Becker, the "Vera Menchik Club" eventually included grandmasters such as Max Euwe, Mir Sultan Khan,  Samuel Reshevsky, Friedrich Sämisch, Lajos Steiner, and virtually every leading British player of the day.
Vera Menchik 
 Menchik's greatest success at international tournaments was at Ramsgate 1929, when she finished tied for second with Akiba Rubinstein, just half a point behind former World Champion José Raúl Capablanca, and ahead of her teacher Géza Maróczy.
Vera Menchik 
 In 1942 she won a match against international master Jacques Mieses (four wins, five draws, one loss).
Vera Menchik 
 From the late 1920s, she was the manager and house professional of the Empire Chess Club, which was situated on the top floor of Whiteleys store in Queensway, West London.
Vera Menchik 
 In 1937, at the age of 31, Vera Menchik married R.H.S Stevenson (1878–1943), 28 years her senior, who was a leading chess organiser and patron.
Vera Menchik 
 In 1944, in World War II, with 38-year-old Vera still women's world champion, the two sisters and their mother were killed by a V-1 flying bomb, which destroyed their home.
Alexandra Kosteniuk 
 Alexandra Kosteniuk (born Perm, Volga, 23 April 1984) is a Russian chess Grandmaster and former Women's World Chess Champion.
Alexandra Kosteniuk 
 The second highest rated woman is Humpy Koneru (India); she has never won the women's world championship.
Alexandra Kosteniuk 
 Alexandra Kosteniuk vs Alexander Onischuk, Corus, Group B 2005, Spanish Game: Classical Variation (C65), 1–0
Akbash Dog 
 While this dog has been used for this job in Turkey for many hundreds of years, it is not often found outside of Turkey.
Akbash Dog 
 The Akbash Dog is closely related to other large, white dogs used to protect sheep, such as the Komondor and the Aidi.
Clapping 
 If hitting by means of hand to hand contact it will make a different sound than if you were to clap against another object, say, your leg.
Strung Out 
 They are known mostly for their musical style, which has both aspects of punk rock and heavy metal to make their main sound.
Strung Out 
 They have made seven albums on Fat Wreck Chords and appeared on many compilations and skate/surf videos.
Reading and Leeds Festivals 
 Between 1998 and 2007, the two festivals were known as the "Carling Weekend", until parting ways with their sponsor Carling in November 2007.
Circa Survive 
 Their first album, Juturna, was released on April 19, 2005 by Equal Vision Records, which got mixed reviews.
Circa Survive 
 Their upcoming album, Blue Sky Noise, will be released on April 20, 2010 on Atlantic Records as the band has finished their term with Equal Vision Records.
The Blind Side (movie) 
 The story follows football player Michael Oher's life, from growing up in a very poor neighborhood, to being adopted by a rich family, and then going to play for Ole Miss and eventually the Baltimore Ravens.
The Blind Side (movie) 
 Bullock won an Academy Award for Best Actress, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Drama and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role.
Lahaul and Spiti district 
 The district of Lahaul-Spiti in the Indian State of Himachal Pradesh consists of the two formerly separate districts of Lahaul and Spiti.
History of chess 
 When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently, through the Moorish conquest of Spain, spread to Southern Europe.
History of chess 
 The 20th century saw advances in chess theory, and the establishment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE).
History of chess 
 600AD: First clear reference to chess, in a Persian manuscript describes chess coming to Persia (Iran) from India.
History of chess 
 The precursors of chess originated in northern India during the Gupta empire, where its early form in the 6th century was known as Chaturanga.
History of chess 
 This translates as 'the four divisions', meaning infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry, represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.p173; p74
History of chess 
 In Sassanid Persia around 600 the name became Chatrang and the rules were developed further, and players started calling Shāh! (
History of chess 
 The game was taken up by the Muslim world after the Islamic conquest of Persia, with the pieces largely retaining their Persian names; in Arabic "māt" or "māta" مَاتَ means "died", "is dead".
History of chess 
 The following table provides a glimpse of the changes in the names and character of chess pieces, as they passed from one culture to another, from India through Persia to Europe:p221
History of chess 
 Changes in the Arabic names of pieces happened over several centuries after the game arrived in Europe.
History of chess 
 Most changed were the pieces which had no equivalent in Europe, such as the elephant, the visier (an advisor: the firzan or wazir), and the chariot (rukhkh).
History of chess 
 The greatest variety of names was for the elephant,p424 which was not seen in Europe, and so not used in war.
History of chess 
 The game reached Western Europe and Russia by at least three routes, the earliest being in the 9th century.
History of chess 
 Introduced into the Iberian Peninsula by the Moors in the 10th century, it was described in a famous 13th century manuscript covering shatranj, backgammon and dice named the Libro de los juegos.
History of chess 
 Buddhist pilgrims, Silk Road traders and others carried it to the Far East, where it was transformed into a game often played on the intersection of the lines of the board rather than within the squares.
History of chess 
 There is the original Indo-Arabic game, and there is the modern game, usually called 'international chess'.
History of chess 
 The transition between the two happened during the change from the medieval world to the modern world, in the Europe of the later 15th century.
History of chess 
 In fact, the new game of chess was one of the early topics chosen for the new technology of printing.
History of chess 
 Fīl: two squares diagonally (no more or less), but could jump over a piece in between (contrast modern B).
History of chess 
 This move meant that an individual fīl could move to only eight squares on the board, and no fīl could ever attack another fīl.p226
History of chess 
 Pawn: one square forwards (not two), capturing one square diagonally forward; promoted to firzān only.
History of chess 
 Fīl > Aufin > Bishop, because its two points looked like a bishop's mitre; In French fou; and others.
History of chess 
 About 500 years after chess first reached Europe, after some smaller experiments, there were big changes in the way the pieces moved.
History of chess 
 The effect was to make the start of the game run faster, and get the opposing pieces in contact sooner.
History of chess 
 This led to the en passant rule: a pawn placed so that it could have captured the enemy pawn if it had moved one square forward was allowed to capture it on the passed square.
History of chess 
 Its movement was more limited than the king, for it could move one square only on the diagonals.p225
History of chess 
 Full-ranging movement of the queen, along diagonals and ranks & files, is the real mark of modern chess.
History of chess 
 It is such a huge change that one French commentator called the new game eschés de la dame enragée (~ the mad queen's game), and the Italians called the game schacci alla rabioso (~furious chess).p328 Indeed, the change from a limited counsellor to an unlimited queen cannot be understood as part of the original war-game.
History of chess 
 The relative values of the pieces are changed.p228 The game can now only be won by mate or resignation by one of the players.
History of chess 
 The limited number of ways to win changed what players needed to win in the endgame; many endgames which could be won with the old rules now were drawn.
History of chess 
 The first printed work on chess to survive to the present day is Luis de Lucena's Arte de axedres, printed in Salamanca, Spain.
History of chess 
 It can be dated to 1496 or 1497.p73 It presents a number of chess problems, some of which are in the old rules (del viejo), some in the new rules (dela dama).
History of chess 
 This suggests that the transition is not quite complete, and some readers might not know about the new rules.
History of chess 
 By 1512, when Damiano published his Questo libro e da imparare giocare a scachi in Rome, it only included problems with the new rules, and does not mention the medieval game.
History of chess 
 Though it has been claimed to be earlier, its content suggests it was not written before 1500.p74 England and Germany received the reformed game by 1530.
History of chess 
 After the new moves of the pieces, players spent their time playing gambits, and trying to mate each other.
History of chess 
 Modern chess has a lot of indirect manoeuvering of a kind the old Arabic players would have understood.
History of chess 
 They could not attack directly, because their Alfil and Firzān (our bishop and queen) had such limited moves.
History of chess 
 One interesting fact is that the Arabs divided their game into the same three stages which we do today: opening, middlegame and endgame.p234
History of chess 
 At the start of a game, the Arabic masters took a number of moves before the pieces were in contact with the other side.
History of chess 
 "The result of this was that... the final position of the opening was the important one to memorise.
History of chess 
 Hence in almost all older Muslim chess-works we find... a collection of type-positions, each with its own distinctive name. [
History of chess 
 Diagrams of these type-positions were a regular feature of Arabic chess-works down to the 17th century.
History of chess 
 These positions were called ta'biya (plural: ta'biyat or ta'abi)... which may be translated as battle-array".p234-5
History of chess 
 The table, based roughly on square control, suggests the modern game deploys about 20% more force on the board than the older game.
History of chess 
 However, this understates the case, since the table does not allow for castling, nor the initial optional double move of the pawn.
History of chess 
 No exact value can be placed on these elements, but perhaps the modern game makes use of up to a third more force than in the original game.
History of chess 
 Single pieces found in archaeology are seldom taken as chessmen; they are much more likely to be general art objects.
History of chess 
 If the forms have characteristic chess figures (foot soldiers, kings, man on horse) this is even more convincing.
History of chess 
 The evidence from archaeology comes mostly from the discovery of early chess sets, and also from rock art: carvings (petroglyphs) and paintings on rock.
History of chess 
 In 1977 the Uzbekistan Academy of Archaeology conducted a dig at Afrasiab, near Samarkand.p15p58 Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, and at times it has been one of the greatest cities of Central Asia.
History of chess 
 Samarkand is on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (the Silk Road), and so it is a logical place for a trader to store some of his precious goods.
History of chess 
 They are heavily worn, but they include: two foot soldiers with shields and short swords (= our pawns); a war elephant with chain armour and a rider in full battle-dress (= our bishop); a visier (= our queen) with two horses with armed rider; two mounted riders with sword and shield (= knights); and the Shah, on a three-horse chariot, holding a mace-like symbol of power (= our king).
History of chess 
 The rukh (rook) is also known: it features a three-horse chariot with two men, one driving, and the other armed with sword and shield.p61–62
History of chess 
 This group is dated to the 7th–8th centuries, and probably come from the end of the Sassanid Empire just before the Arabic conquest.
History of chess 
 They are representational, meaning they are small carvings (though somewhat crude) of war men and equipment.
Shani 
 Shani is one of the Navagraha  which are the nine main celestial beings in Hindu astrology, or Jyotiṣa.
Shani 
 Shani is the Lord of Saturday; the word Shani also denotes the seventh day or Saturday in most Indian languages.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 He was the grandson of the opera composer Richard Wagner and great-grandson of the composer Franz Liszt.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 For 42 years he was director of the Bayreuth Festival, which was created by Richard Wagner for the performances of his operas.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 He tried to get rid of the festival’s Nazi past, and put on productions which were very symbolic: using lighting effects instead of complicated scenery and heavy costumes.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 When World War II started, Wieland did not have to fight in the army because Hitler said he was too important for German culture.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 After the war Winifred was not allowed to run the opera house because of her Nazi past, but Wieland became director and Wolfgang looked after the money.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 They formed the orchestra again, and invited Hans Knappertsbusch and Herbert von Karajan to conduct.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 They deliberately avoided using lots of scenery and made use of symbolic ideas, especially lighting.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 The production of Wagner’s Ring Cycle in 1976 by the opera director Patrice Chéreau was particularly important.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 The production of the Ring Cycle in 1983 by Peter Hall, conducted by Georg Solti celebrated the 100th birthday of Richard Wagner.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 Since then, many famous people have visited the festival, including the German Chancellor Angela Merkel and the German President Horst Köhler.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 In 1982 Grace Bumbry was the first black person to sing at the festival (she sang the part of Venus in Tannhäuser.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 Some of the audience thought this was shocking, but she sang so beautifully that everyone applauded for 30 minutes.
Wolfgang Wagner 
 His son did not like the family’s past Nazi connections, and the daughter Eva argued about the control of the festival.
Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm 
 My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy') is the incipit of the national anthem of Estonia, first adopted in 1920.
Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm 
 This song has been around since the 19th century; its lyrics (words) were written in 1869 by Estonian poet Johann Voldemar Jannsen, and its melody—the same one used in Finland's national anthem "Maamme"—was composed in 1848 by Friedrich Pacius.
Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm 
 When the Soviets took control of Estonia in 1940, this anthem was banned, then four years later when the small Baltic country became part of the Soviet Union, a regional Soviet anthem was adopted.
Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm 
 In May 1990, shortly before the Soviet Union fell, the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed the "Republic of Estonia" and this anthem was adopted again.
Emperor Ankō 
 The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.
Emperor Ankō 
 Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
Emperor Ankō 
 462: According to Chinese records, a delegation from the Japanese monarch was received in the court of the southern Sung Dynasty.
Emperor Ankō 
 This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Ankō.
Emperor Ankō 
 According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun).
Emperor Ankō 
 This emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.
Building code 
 A building code is a set of rules set to govern a a building's design, construction, testing, inspections, and maintenance to protect public health, safety and welfare.
Building code 
 Building codes are adopted and enforced by the government, who may inspect buildings to make sure they follow the rules.
Building code 
 A building code may provide rules for many different things and is influenced by materials manufacturers, firefighters, and building officials.
Building code 
 There will be rules about making the building safe during disasters, such as fires, earthquakes, and tornadoes.
Building code 
 The rules used on a specific building may be very different depending on where the building is and what it is used for.
Building code 
 For example, a house will have extra rules about making sure people can live there, while a hotel will have extra rules about fire exits.
Building code 
 Many public buildings have a "maximum occupancy" for some rooms, which is how many people may be allowed into that room at once.
Building code 
 Any building code has either some minimum requirements for seismic loads  (prescriptive code) or some seismic performance rules (performance-based code).
Building code 
 Seismic design is based on procedures meant to protect structures that may experience earthquake impact.
Building code 
 However, a design which blindly follows seismic code rules does not guarantee safety against collapse or serious damage.
Supply-side economics 
 Supply-side economics or trickle-down economics is a theory that if taxes were cut on the richest people in society, rich people would use their extra money to invest in the economy, but if taxes were increased, the wealthy would leave the country and invest somewhere else where the tax rates are lower.
Supply-side economics 
 People who support supply-side economics believe that taxes punished productivity and if they were lowered, people would produce more goods and services.
Supply-side economics 
 Many supporters of supply-side economics also support things such as limited government spending, low inflation, and regulating the economy less.
Supply-side economics 
 The theory stated that government will get no money if taxes were too high—nobody would pay them—and that the government would not get enough money if taxes were too low.
Supply-side economics 
 The theory also stated that if taxes were too high, the economy would be less productive and it would give the government less money and that if taxes were low, the economy would be productive and the government would get more money.
Supply-side economics 
 Supporters of supply-side economics mention that those tax cuts have resulted in economic recovery during the 1980's and the strong economic boom in the 1990's and first decade of the 21st century.
Supply-side economics 
 Critics of supply-side economics say that the wealthy gain a lot of money in the hope that a very small amount of it will trickle down to the poor, and they call it voodoo economics.
Supply-side economics 
 Many critics say that supply-side economic policies are bad because they result in a bigger gap between the rich and the poor.
Supply-side economics 
 They also criticize that the reduction in taxes results in the cutting of programs for the poor people who need it.
Supply-side economics 
 Other critics point out that large supply-cuts tax cuts,  in combination with increases in military spending, has resulted in the government being in a large amount of debt.
Vaan 
 In the beginning of the making of Final Fantasy, Basch was set to be the main character; but it was switched to Vaan.
Vaan 
 The person who plays as Vaan in Final Fantasy XII is Bobby Edner in the English game and Kouhei Takeda in the Japanese game.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police 
 RCMP is unique in the world because it is a national, federal, provincial and municipal policing organization:
Royal Canadian Mounted Police 
 RCMP serves in all ten Canadian provinces, although its role is limited in Ontario and Quebec as both provinces have their own provincial police services.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police 
 The Mounties were created to establish authority and to make accommodations with the native population in the west before settlers began to arrive.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police 
 The uniform consists of a red tunic with a large brown belt,(formally known as a “Sam Browne”), a light brown hat, dark blue breeches (trousers) with a yellow stripe and riding boots.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police 
 On an ordinary day at work, RCMP officers instead wear a grey shirt, dark blue trousers, ankle boots and a peaked cap (the type worn by most police officers elsewhere).
Royal Canadian Mounted Police 
 Ranks marked with an asterisk (*) are only found in a few parts of the RCMP and are usually not part of the chain of command.
Metropolitan Museum of Art 
 The Met is the most popular art museum in the United States with more than 5 million visitors each year.
Metropolitan Museum of Art 
 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which includes its Main Building on Fifth Avenue and the Cloisters in northern Manhattan, dates back to 1866.
Metropolitan Museum of Art 
 In 1866, a group of Americans in Paris, France, agreed to create a "national institution and gallery of art".