the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Modern Austen scholar William Galperin has noted that "unlike some of Austen's lay readers, who recognized her divergence (difference) from realistic practice as it had been prescribed and defined at the time, Walter Scott may well have been the first to install Austen as the realist par excellence".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Also read again and for the third time at least Miss Austen's very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 That young lady had a talent for describing the  and feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The Big Bow-wow strain I can do myself like any now going, but the exquisite touch which renders (makes) ordinary commonplace things and characters interesting from the truth of the description and the sentiment is denied to me.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 What a pity such a gifted creature died so early!Northanger Abbey and Persuasion were published together in December 1817.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 They were reviewed in the British Critic in March 1818 and in the Edinburgh Review and Literary Miscellany in May 1818.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The reviewer for the British Critic felt that Austen's great use of realism was proof of a limited imagination.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 He was also pleased with Austen's stories because they mixed familiar scenes with surprising twists.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Reviewers thought Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice were stories of virtue overcoming vice.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 When it was well done, as Austen's works were, Whately said that novels wrote about human experience that the reader could learn from.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 He wrote: "we suspect one of Miss Austin's [sic] great merits in our eyes to be, the insight she gives us into the peculiarities of female  heroines are what one knows women must be, though one never can get them to acknowledge (admit) it."
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 They wished for "powerful emotion [be] authenticated by an egregious display of sound and color in the writing".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Richard Bentley printed them in the Standard Novels series, and remained in print for a long time after that.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Southam describes her "reading public between 1821 and 1870" as "minute beside the known audience for Dickens and his contemporaries".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In there, Lewes praised Austen's books for "the economy of  easy adaptation of means to ends, with no aid (help) from superfluous elements".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 He said: "The reader's pulse never throbs, his curiosity is never intense (very strong); but his interest never wanes (stops) for a moment.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The action begins; the people speak, feel, and act; everything that is said, felt, or done tends towards the entanglement or disentanglement of the plot; and we are almost made actors as well as spectators (viewers) of the little drama."
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The great changes made by her translators made the Continent receive Austen differently than in Britain.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 For example, the French writer Isabelle de Montolieu translated several of Austen's novels into the French sentimental novel.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In Montolieu's Pride and Prejudice,  conversations (talks) between Elizabeth and Darcy were replaced by calm, proper ones.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In Jane Austen's work, Elizabeth said that she has "always seen a great similarity in the turn of [their] minds" (her and Darcy's).
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 She says this is because they are "unwilling to speak, unless [they] expect to say something that will amaze (surprise) the whole room".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 However, this becomes "Moi, je garde le silence, parce que je ne sais que dire, et vous, parce que vous aiguisez vos traits pour parler avec effet." ("
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Me, I keep silent, because I don't know what to say, and you, because you excite your features for effect when speaking.")
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Cossy and Saglia explained, "the equality of mind which Elizabeth takes for granted is denied (not given) and gender distinction introduced".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Because of this, people were more interested in the works of French realists like Stendhal, Balzac, and Flaubert.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In 1870 the first important Austen biography, A Memoir of Jane Austen, was written by Jane Austen's nephew, James Edward Austen-Leigh and printed.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 However, critics still said that only people who could really understand the deep meaning of Austen's books should read them.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 It is described by Austen biographer Park Honan as ", staid (steady), , and at times vivid and suggestive".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In the last part of the nineteenth century, the first critical books about Austen's works were printed.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 We see the novels praised for their elegance of form and their surface 'finish'; for the realism of their fictional world, the variety and vitality (strength) of their characters; for their pervasive humour; and for their gentle and undogmatic morality and its unsermonising delivery.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 He began two interpretative themes: using humor to criticize society and irony as a means of moral study.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 began by being an ironical critic; she manifested her  by direct censure, but by the indirect method of imitating and exaggerating the faults of her , humour, irony, the judgment not of one that gives sentence but of the mimic who quizzes while he mocks, are her characteristics.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Margaret Oliphant was another important writer whose criticism of Austen did not have much influence.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 She described Austen as "armed with a 'fine vein of feminine cynicism,' 'full of subtle power, keenness, finesse, and self-restraint (control),' with an 'exquisite sense' of the 'ridiculous,' 'a fine stinging yet soft-voiced contempt,' whose works are very 'calm and cold and keen'".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 As Southam says, "for American literary nationalists Jane Austen's cultivated scene was too , too constrained, too refined, too downright unheroic".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The way Americans thought about Austen was represented in an argument between William Dean Howells and Mark Twain.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In his book Following the Equator, Twain described the library on his ship: "Jane Austen's  absent from this library.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Just that one omission alone would make a fairly good library out of a library that hadn't a book in it."
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The Encyclopædia Britannica's changed the way they described Austen as she became more and more popular.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The ninth edition (1875) praised her as "one of the most distinguished (remarkable) modern British novelists".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Most people still thought of her as "dear aunt Jane", the way she was first presented in the Memoir.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Writer and critic Leslie Stephen described a mania for Austen that grew in the 1880s as "Austenolatry".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 They wanted to show that they were different from the people who they thought did not understand Austen properly.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Once he said she was as great as Shakespeare, Cervantes, and Henry Fielding - "the fine painters of life".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 James said that this was mostly because of the "stiff breeze of the  special bookselling  body of publishers, editors, illustrators, producers of the pleasant twaddle of magazines; who have found their 'dear,' our dear, everybody's dear,  their material  pretty reproduction in every variety of what is called tasteful, and in what seemingly proves to be salable, form."
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 He called her "radiant and remorseless", "dispassionate yet pitiless", with "the steely quality, the incurable rigor of her judgment".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 This essay was "generally (largely) regarded (seen) as the starting-point for the serious academic approach to Jane Austen".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 It was with the 1939 publication of Mary Lascelles' Jane Austen and Her Art—"the first full-scale historical and scholarly study" of Austen—that the academic study of her works matured.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Lascelles included a short essay about her, a study of the books Austen read and their influence on her writing, and a study of Austen's style and "narrative art".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Lascelles felt that critics before her had all worked in a way "so small that the reader does not see how they have reached their conclusions until he has patiently found his own way to them".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Lascelles was interested in Austen's connection to Samuel Johnson and her desire to discuss morality through fiction.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 But around this time, some fans of Austen began to worry that her works were being enjoyed by only a few people.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Mid-century revisionist views started to become popular, and scholars began studying Austen more sceptically.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 D. W. Harding, adding to Farrer, wrote an essay called "Regulated Hatred: An Aspect of the Work of Jane Austen".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 He argued that Austen did not support society's customs, and that her irony was not funny but bitter.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Through her use of irony, Austen tried to protect herself as an artist and a person from the behavior and practices she disliked.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Almost at the same time, British critic Q. D. Leavis printed "Critical Theory of Jane Austen's Writing" in Scrutiny in the early 1940s.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Harding's and Leavis's articles were followed by Jane Austen: Irony as Defense and Discovery (1952).
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 This was written by Martin Mudrick, who saw Austen as lonely, defensive, and critical of her society.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 He carefully described the connection between Austen's attitude towards the literature of her time and how she used irony to show the difference of how society was, and how she thought it could be.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 An important British critic, F. R. Leavis, said in The Great Tradition (1948) that Austen was one of the great writers of English fiction.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 They agreed that she "combined (put together) [Henry Fielding's and Samuel Richardson's] qualities of interiority and irony, realism and satire to form an author superior to (better than) both".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Critic Gary Kelly explains, "Some see her as a political 'conservative' because she seems to defend the established social order.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Others see her as sympathetic to 'radical' politics that challenged the established order, especially in the form of  critics see Austen's novels , criticizing aspects of the social order but supporting  and an open class hierarchy."
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In Jane Austen and the War of Ideas (1975), perhaps the most important of these works, Marilyn Butler argues that Austen was greatly influenced by the principal moral and political arguments of her time, and that she had a partisan, firmly conservative and Christian position in these arguments.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Alistair M. Duckworth in The Improvement of the Estate: A Study of Jane Austen's Novels (1971) argues that Austen used the concept of the "estate" to symbolise all that was important  society, which should be conserved (kept), improved, and passed down to future generations.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The questions scholars now study include: "the Revolution, war, nationalism, empire, class, 'improvement' [of the estate], the clergy, town versus (against) country, abolition, the professions, female emancipation; whether her politics were Tory, Whig, or radical; whether she was a conservative or a revolutionary, or occupied (kept) a reformist position between these extremes".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In the 1970s and 1980s, Austen studies was influenced by Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar's The Madwoman in the Attic (1979).
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The Madwoman in the Attic explores the "explosive anger" of nineteenth-century female English writers under their "decorous (proper) surfaces".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 This work, together with other feminist criticism of Austen, has made people see her as a woman writer.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 The interest these critics showed in Austen made people discover and study other women writers in Austen's time.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Also, when Julia Prewitt Brown's Jane Austen's Novels: Social Change and Literary Form (1979), Margaret Kirkham's Jane Austen: Feminism and Fiction (1983), and Claudia L. Johnson's Jane Austen: Women, Politics and the Novel (1988) were printed, scholars were no longer able to argue that Austen was firmly "apolitical, or '".
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Kirkham, for example, said that Austen's thought and that of Mary Wollstonecraft were quite similar.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 However, she notes the influence Austen received from the political novels of the 1790s written by women.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In the late-1980s, 1990s, and 2000s ideological, postcolonial, and Marxist criticism dominated Austen studies.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Generating heated debate, Edward Said devoted a chapter of his book Culture and Imperialism (1993) to Mansfield Park, arguing that the peripheral position of "Antigua" and the issue of slavery demonstrated that colonial oppression was an unspoken assumption of English society during the early nineteenth century.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 In Jane Austen and the Body: 'The Picture of Health', (1992) John Wiltshire explored the preoccupation with illness and health of Austen's characters.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 Wiltshire addressed current theories of "the body as sexuality", and more broadly how culture is "inscribed" on the representation of the body.
Reception history of Jane Austen 
 There has also been a return to considerations of aesthetics with D. A. Miller's Jane Austen, or The Secret of Style (2003) which connects artistic concerns with queer theory.
List of chess openings 
 In particlular, in reply to 1.e4, the Sicilian and French defences, and to 1.d4 the Indian defences.
List of chess openings 
 The reason is that some degree of understanding is needed before the details of an opening can be grasped.
List of chess openings 
 None of these are suitable for beginners, but might be used by chess teachers and players of intermediate strength.
Emperor Ninken 
 Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Ninken to be possibly legendary, but probable.
Emperor Ninken 
 The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.
Emperor Ninken 
 Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
Emperor Ninken 
 This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Ninken.
Emperor Ninken 
 According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun).
Emperor Ninken 
 Ninken is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.
Emperor Buretsu 
 Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Buretsu to be possibly legendary, but probable.
Emperor Buretsu 
 The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.
Emperor Buretsu 
 Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
Emperor Buretsu 
 As emperor, Buretsu is described as wicked in the Nihonshoki, but this assessment is not mirrored in the text of the Kojiki.
Emperor Buretsu 
 This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Buretsu.
Emperor Buretsu 
 According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun).
Emperor Buretsu 
 Buretsu  is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.
Prefectures of Japan 
 Before World War II, different laws applied to fu and ken, but now two types of prefecture are the same, outside of their names.
Prefectures of Japan 
 The regions are not formally specified, they do not have elected officials, and they are not corporate bodies.
Prefectures of Japan 
 From north to south, the prefectures of Japan and their commonly associated regions are listed in traditional and in ISO 3166-2:JP order:
Prefectures of Japan 
 The Japanese government recognizes the prefecture as its own region in new 9-region, 11-region and 13-region systems.
Prefectures of Japan 
 The default alphabetic order in this sortable table can be altered to mirror the traditional Japanese regions and ISO parsing.
List of Provinces of Japan 
 The traditional way of parsing the land of Japan was "five provinces and seven circuits" (go-shichidō).
Gilberto Kassab 
 Gilberto Kassab ( or ; born 12 August 1960 in São Paulo) was the mayor of São Paulo, the biggest city in Brazil.
Gilberto Kassab 
 Kassab became famous when he brought in laws to stop billboard advertising, which he said were "visual pollution".
Terra nullius 
 | quote = Even as to terra nullius, like a volcanic island or territory abandoned by its former sovereign, a claimant by right as against all others has more to do than planting a flag or rearing a monument.
Terra nullius 
 Since the 19th century the most generous settled view has been that discovery accompanied by symbolic acts give no more than "an inchoate title, an option, as against other states, to consolidate the first steps by proceeding to effective occupation within a reasonable time.8 I. Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law 146 (4th ed.1990); see also 1 C. Hyde, International Law 329 (rev.2d ed.1945); 1 L. Oppenheim International Law §§222-223, pp.
Terra nullius 
 439-441 (H. Lauterpacht 5th ed.1937); Hall A Treatise on International Law, at 102-103; 1 J. Moore, International Law 258 (1906); R. Phillimore, International Law 273 (2d ed.
Terra nullius 
 }}</ref> There are various legal problems about this concept, but in practice it is often the business of neighbouring states to decide by negotiation.
Terra nullius 
 Two territories that are currently terra nullius'' are Bir Tawil between Egypt and Sudan, and Marie Byrd Land, in Antarctica.
Free State (province) 
 The Free State (Afrikaans: Vrystaat, Sotho: Foreistata; before 1995, the Orange Free State) is a province of South Africa.
Free State (province) 
 Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital, because the Supreme Court is there.
Free State (province) 
 The current borders of the province date from 1994 when the Bantustans were dissolved and were merged into the provinces of South Africa.
Free State (province) 
 It is also the only one of the older provinces of South Africa not to undergo border changes, not counting the incorporation of the Bantustans.
Orange Free State 
 It was defeated by the British Empire and its colonies, the British Cape Colony and the Natal Colony, in the Second Boer War.
Orange Free State 
 It became the Orange River Colony and later joined with other colonies to make the Union of South Africa.
Bir Tawil 
 It is sometimes given the name the Bir Tawil Triangle, because even though it's not an exact triangle, it's made out of two triangles that share a border.
Bir Tawil 
 At the same time, the Hala'ib Triangle north of latitude 22° north, and northeast of the area, came under Sudanese administration.
Bir Tawil 
 In 1899, the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement for Sudan set the border between the territories at the 22nd parallel.
Bir Tawil 
 Using this boundary,  a triangle of land north of the parallel was placed under Sudanese administration.
Bir Tawil 
 It was because its inhabitants were closer to Khartoum than Cairo, both geographically and culturally.
Bir Tawil 
 Neither state claims the much less valuable Bir Tawil area, which is only a tenth the size and is landlocked.
Bir Tawil 
 In the south is the Wadi Tawil (وادي طويل in Arabic, also called Khawr Abū Bard, located at ), near Nogaem Valley.
Hebe Camargo 
 Hebe Maria Camargo (March, 8 1929 – September 29, 2012) is a Brazilian television host, actress and singer.
Sam Bradford 
 Samuel Jacob Bradford (born November 8, 1987, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American football quarterback for the Arizona Cardinals.
Sam Bradford 
 He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams with the first overall pick in the 2010 National Football League (NFL) Draft.
Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park 
 The Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park in Olmedilla de Alarcón, Spain, is the world’s largest photovoltaic plant.
Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park 
 Built in 2008, the plant uses more than 160,000 solar photovoltaic panels to generate 60 megawatts (peak).
Strasskirchen Solar Park 
 It is the second-largest photovoltaic power station in the world, with an installed capacity of 54 MW.
Siegbert Tarrasch 
 Siegbert Tarrasch (Breslau, now Wrocław, 5 March 1862 – Munich, 17 February 1934) was a German doctor, and one of the strongest chess grandmasters of the day.
Siegbert Tarrasch 
 He was a patriotic German, who lost a son in World War I, but he faced antisemitism in the early stages of Nazism.
Siegbert Tarrasch 
 Tarrasch won more strong tournaments in the 1890s than any other player, and drew a 22-game match against Mikhail Chigorin, the leading Russian player.
Siegbert Tarrasch 
 Occupied with his profession, Tarrasch did not challenge Steinitz, and turned down the young Emanuel Lasker's request for a match.
Siegbert Tarrasch 
 This turned out to be a mistake, for Lasker then challended Steinitz, and won the world chess championship.
Siegbert Tarrasch 
 His best result in later years was to reach the final pool in the strong St. Petersburg 1914 tournament.
Siegbert Tarrasch 
 His Dreihundert Schachpartien (1895; 300 chess games) was a landmark; it was the first 'best game collection' with in-depth annotations.
Siegbert Tarrasch 
 Tarrasch regularly wrote tournament reports and notes for games in the Deutsch Schachzeitung, the German-language chess magazine.
Siegbert Tarrasch 
 These annotations were read throughout the world, since that was the leading chess magazine of the day.
Kwanzaa 
 Kwanzaa is a week long celebration held in the United States to honor universal African heritage and culture.
Kwanzaa 
 It was created as a way to help African Americans reconnect with their African cultural and historical heritage.
Kwanzaa 
 The name Kwanzaa comes from the Swahili phrase matunda ya kwanza, meaning first fruits of the harvest.
Kwanzaa 
 During the early years of Kwanzaa, Karenga said that it was meant to be an alternative to Christmas, that Jesus was psychotic, and that Christianity was a white religion that black people should shun.
Kwanzaa 
 However, as Kwanzaa became more popular, Karenga changed his position so that practicing Christians could also feel included.