the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Lake McKenzie 
 The lake served as the final Roadblock location and the finish line of the TV series The Amazing Race Australia 2.
Antonio Pica 
 Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Pica Serrano (March 21, 1933 — April 26, 2014) was a Spanish actor.
Antonio Pica 
 He is known for his roles in Delusions of Grandeur (1971), Travels with My Aunt (1972) and The Killer with a Thousand Eyes (1974).
Ryan Tandy 
 Ryan Tandy (20 September 1981 – 28 April 2014) was an Australian professional rugby league player who played as both a prop and second row from 2003 until 2011.
Ryan Tandy 
 During his career, he played for the St. George Illawarra Dragons, South Sydney Rabbitohs, Wests Tigers, Melbourne Storm and the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the National Rugby League (NRL).
Ryan Tandy 
 Tandy was found dead of an apparent drug overdose on 28 April 2014 at his parents' home in Saratoga, New South Wales.
Ground sloth 
 By then ground sloths had been extinct on the mainland of North and South America for 10,000 years or more.
Ground sloth 
 Some island sloth populations lived 5,000-6,000 years later than their continental mainland relatives.
Ground sloth 
 In other words, they were probably hunted or otherwise so affected by humans that they were unable to survive.
Ground sloth 
 Most ground sloth evolution took place during the mid to late Tertiary of South America while the continent was isolated.
Ground sloth 
 The presence of islands between the American continents in the Miocene allowed some to get into North America.
Ground sloth 
 Ground sloths were a hardy group: their numbers and dispersals into remote areas are evidence of this.
Ground sloth 
 Sloths, and xenarthrans as a whole, were one of the more successful South American groups during the Great American Biotic Interchange.
Ground sloth 
 In general, during the interchange, many more taxa moved from North America into South America than in the other direction.
Paramylodon 
 There is just one recognized species, P. harlani, (Owen) 1840, which is commonly referred to as Harlan's ground sloth in honor of the American paleontologist who first discovered and described a lower jaw in 1835.
Paramylodon 
 Its skull and teeth suggest it was, like the other members of its group, a browser on leaves and small branches.
Wilfred Thesiger 
 Wilfred Thesiger (June 3, 1910 – August 24, 2003) was a British military officer, explorer, and writer.
Wilfred Thesiger 
 During his first university holidays he travelled alone, without much money, from England to Istanbul.
Wilfred Thesiger 
 This was the start of an exciting life filled with adventure in Africa, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula.
Wilfred Thesiger 
 Thesiger was one of the last great British explorers and he was an excellent photographer and writer.
Wilfred Thesiger 
 When Thesiger died in 2003, he left more than 38,000 photographs to the Pitt Rivers museum in Oxford.
Wilfred Thesiger 
 Thesiger had a deep respect for his Bedouin friends who he thought of as better than himself because they were generous, brave and always cheerful.
Wilfred Thesiger 
 Each time Thesiger and his Bedouin friends met other people, they stopped, invited them to eat their food, and enjoyed sharing the latest news.
Penny Arcade 
 In addition, the site has information about Child's Play, a children's charity, and PAX, a gaming convention.
Penny Arcade 
 Most of the comic strips involve the two characters commenting on nerd culture, usually video games.
Penny Arcade 
 A series of four video games loosely based on the comic strip titled Penny Arcade Adventures: On the Rain-Slick Precipice of Darkness began on May 21, 2008.
Penny Arcade 
 Tycho appeared in the game Poker Night at the Inventory alongside characters from Team Fortress 2, Strong Bad and Sam & Max.
Penny Arcade 
 Penny Arade: The Series is a reality televesion show about the strip and the Penny Arcade company that began on February 20, 2010.
Operation Yewtree 
 Operation Yewtree is an investigation by the Metropolitan Police into sex crimes, especially child sexual abuse.
Operation Yewtree 
 It began in October 2012, after Jimmy Savile, who died in 2011, was found to have been a sexual predator for decades.
Operation Yewtree 
 People investigated include: Max Clifford, Dave Lee Travis, Rolf Harris, Gary Glitter, Freddie Starr, Paul Gambaccini, Chris Denning, Jim Davidson, Jimmy Tarbuck, Wilfred De'ath and Ted Beston.
Max Clifford 
 Maxwell Frank "Max" Clifford (6 April 1943 – 10 December 2017) was a British publicist and sex offender.
Max Clifford 
 He was arrested in December 2012 by Metropolitan Police officers as part of Operation Yewtree an investigation which was set up to investigate child sexual abuse committed by DJ Jimmy Savile who died in 2011, and by other people.
Max Clifford 
 In 2014, he was tried at Southwark Crown Court for 11 counts of indecent assault against teenage girls.
Max Clifford 
 On 2 May 2014, he was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment and is now incarcerated at HM Prison Littlehey in Cambridgeshire.
Jack Ramsay 
 John T. "Jack" Ramsay (February 21, 1925 – April 28, 2014), also known as "Dr. Jack", was an American basketball coach.
Jack Ramsay 
 He coached Saint Joseph's Hawks from 1955 until 1966, Philadelphia 76ers from 1968 until 1972, Buffalo Braves from 1972 until 1976, Portland Trail Blazers from 1976 until 1986 and Indiana Pacers from 1986 until 1988.
Harry Firth 
 Firth was a leading race and rally driver during the 1950s and 1960s and continued as an influential team manager with first the Ford works team and then the famed Holden Dealer Team (HDT) well into the 1970s.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The other way is for part of the thing to turn while the rest does not, like a wheel or a propeller.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 It may seem strange, then, that wheels have never evolved in nature, but there are two reasons for this.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 This process can create many different answers to a problem, but it can't always create every answer that can be imagined.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Also, the ways that new living things build themselves (a process called developmental biology) can't always create every kind of part that can be imagined.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Second, wheels are sometimes less useful than other ways of moving, like walking, running, or slithering like a snake.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 These are not true examples of wheels, because the whole organism rotates, without any parts that stay still, like an axle.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Animals that do this include some caterpillars, tiger beetle larvae, myriapods, mantis shrimp, and salamanders.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 These animals include pangolins, hedgehogs, armadillos, the armadillo Lizard, isopods, the wheel spider, and fossilized trilobites.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 These animals may roll passively, meaning they are pushed by gravity or wind, or actively, meaning they push themselves by changing their shape.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Although the ball rolls instead of the beetle, the beetles have many of the same problems as rolling animals.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 A kind of skin cell called a keratinocyte moves itself by rolling, as part of the process of healing.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 A kind of tiny animal called a rotifer uses a ring of cilia (small hair-like parts) moving in rhythm to move and feed itself.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The word "rotifer" in Latin means "having wheels", but rotifers do not actually have any parts that rotate.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 No known multicellular organism (an organism made of many cells) can spin part of its body while keeping the rest of its body still.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 For example, it is used in the processes of photosynthesis (a way of storing energy from the sun) and oxidative phosphorylation (a way of releasing stored energy).
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The only known example in nature of a part that can spin all the way around to push an organism is the flagellum.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 At the bottom of the bacterial flagellum, where it meets the cell membrane, a motor protein acts as an engine.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 This engine gets its power from proton motive force, the flow of protons (hydrogen ions) across the cell membrane.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 This is caused by a concentration gradient (a difference in the number of protons on each side of the membrane) created by the cell's metabolism. (
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 A kind of organism called archaea, which are different from bacteria, also use flagella powered by rotating motor proteins.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Some of these cells also have flagella called cilia, but these flagella do not rotate at the bottom.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 To put it simply, a complex structure (one made of several parts working together) can't evolve unless its early, unfinished form helps the organism to live and to have children.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In the modern science of evolution, adaptations (changes that affect the fitness of an organism) appear slowly, over many generations, by means of natural selection.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Because of this, genetic changes usually only spread in a population if they do not lower the fitness of individuals.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In some cases, changes that lower fitness can spread, but large changes that take many steps can only spread if each of the steps raises fitness.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In this metaphor, fitness is a landscape, where useful traits are peaks and harmful ones are valleys.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Wheels may be a very useful peak, but the valley around that peak is too low or too wide for the gene pool (the set of genes in the population) to move to it by genetic drift or natural selection.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 He writes that, "wheels work well, but animals are debarred [(prevented)] from building them by structural constraints [(limits)] inherited as an evolutionary legacy."
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The part that is now a rotating motor, called a basal body, may have evolved from a part that was used by bacteria to inject poisons into other cells.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The biologist Robin Holliday has written that, because there are no living things with wheels, creationism and intelligent design (stories of life that claim an intelligent creator) are less likely to be right.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Holliday argues that an intelligent creator, free from the limits of evolution, would use wheels in any place they would be useful.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 People have found it fairly easy to build wheeled systems, even complex ones, and they have been able to solve problems of power transmission (moving energy from one place to another) and friction.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 However, the ways new organisms build themselves are very different from the ways humans build things.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The greatest barrier to many-celled organisms with wheels is the interface (meeting point) between the parts that move and the parts that stay still.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Animal joints have a limited range of motion (the angle they can move), but wheels need to be able to turn through any angle without needing to be turned back.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 No true many-celled organism is known to grow solid tissues or organs that are not attached to the rest of the organism.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Skeletal muscles are attached with connective tissue to the bones they move, so they would not be useful for driving a wheel directly.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Also, animals use their muscles in cycles - joints move in one direction, then the other, instead of moving in one direction constantly.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Large animals cannot gain speed very quickly, because it is more difficult for muscles to pull against a large inertia (the resistance of a heavy object to movement).
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In most machines, a lubricant (like oil or grease) or a bearing is used to limit friction (rubbing) between moving parts.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Keeping friction down is important for limiting wear damage to the parts, and for keeping the parts from getting too hot.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The faster the parts move, or the more force between them, the more important it is to reduce friction.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In animal joints like the human knee, friction is reduced with a tissue called cartilage that has a low coefficient of friction, and a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid that has a low viscosity (resistance to flowing).
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Gerhard Scholtz, a professor at the  ("Institute for Biology and Comparative Zoology") at Humboldt University of Berlin, has written that a similar lubricating fluid or material from dead cells could help an animal wheel to turn freely, but something like this has never been seen in nature.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 If the tissues that form the wheel are living, then they must receive oxygen and nutrients and have wastes taken away in order to continue metabolism (the process of using energy to maintain functioning).
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 A normal animal circulatory system (the network of tubes that allow blood to flow), would not be able to provide for the necessary flow of materials.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Diffusion is limited by partial pressure and surface area, by a rule called Fick's law of diffusion.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Instead of a living wheel, a wheel could be made of dead material like keratin, which makes up hair and nails.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 So it may be that, even if it were possible for wheels to evolve, they would not be found often in nature.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In fact, given the limits of wheels, the main question can be turned around: instead of asking "Why doesn't nature use wheels?",
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In engineering, wheels are often used instead of limbs, because limbs are more complex to design and control—not because wheels necessarily do the job better.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 On hard, flat ground, like paved roads, hard wheels are more energy efficient than other ways of moving around.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 However, wheels are not as efficient (they take more energy to move) on soft surfaces, like soils, because they have to deal with "rolling resistance".
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In rolling resistance, a vehicle loses energy as the shape of the wheel and the surface are deformed (changed), and the surface pushes back against the wheel.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Softer surfaces deform more than hard surfaces, and they don't come back to their starting shape as well.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Compared to concrete, the resisting force on medium-hard soil can be five to eight times greater, and on sand it can be ten to fifteen times greater.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 While wheels must deform the surface along their entire path, limbs only cause a small deformation at the point that the foot touches the ground.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 However, when the Empire fell, wheels became less useful to the local people, who turned to camels to transport goods in the sandy desert climate.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Stephen Jay Gould wrote about this strange fact of history in his book Hen's Teeth and Horse's Toes.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 He wrote that without maintained roads, camels needed less human power and water than a cart pulled by oxen.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 When moving in water, rotating mechanisms are more efficient only when the Reynolds number of the flow is very low.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The Reynolds number is a way to describe the behavior of a flow—in a flow with a low Reynolds number, like those in which bacteria move, viscosity is the most important effect to consider.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In flows with high Reynolds numbers, inertia is the most important effect, and mechanisms that oscillate, or move back and forth, are more efficient.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Although ship propellers usually have an efficiency near 60%, and aircraft propellers around 80% (up to 88% in the human-powered Gossamer Condor), oscillating foils like fish tails and bird wings can be as efficient as 96%−98%.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In the logging industry, vehicles with legs are sometimes used to reach areas that are more difficult than what wheels can deal with.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Vehicles with tracks, like tanks, don't slip as much as vehicles with wheels, because they have a larger area touching the surface.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 However, vehicles with tracks often have a larger turning radius than wheeled vehicles, meaning they take more space to turn.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The engineer Mieczysław G. Bekker showed that in natural terrain, small obstacles are much more common than large ones.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The most common types of steering do not include separate articulation (joints for bending) for each wheel, so they have a limited turning radius.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 This limits how well these kinds of vehicles can move around where there are a large number of obstacles.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Michael LaBarbera of the University of Chicago shows the limited turning radius of wheels by comparing humans walking with humans in wheelchairs.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Jared Diamond points out that most examples of rolling in nature are found in wide open, hard terrain.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Wheels are bad at dealing with vertical (upright) obstacles, especially obstacles about the same size as the wheel itself.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 If a vehicle or animal can move its center of mass, then the largest vertical obstacles that can be climbed are half as high as the wheel.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 If the center of mass cannot be moved, the highest obstacle that can be climbed is one eighth to one quarter the height of the wheel.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Also, without joints, a wheeled vehicle can become stuck (unable to move) on top of an obstacle, with the obstacle between the wheels so they don't touch the ground.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 If the weight of the vehicle moves outside of the wheels, the vehicle can tip over because of static instability.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 This means it can be tipped over by a smaller obstacle, or simply by turning or changing speed too quickly.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Limbs used by animals to move over terrain are often also used for other purposes, such as holding and manipulating things, climbing, swinging from branches, swimming, digging, jumping, throwing, kicking, and grooming.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The 1944 science fiction short story "Arena", by Fredric Brown, includes a telepathic (mind-reading) alien called an "Outsider".
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The Dutch artist M. C. Escher invented an animal that he named Pedalternorotandomovens centroculatus articulosus.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 included "Terries" and "Fermies", characters who move from place to place by rolling like a bowling ball.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Tuf Voyaging, a 1986 science fiction novel by George R. R. Martin, includes a type of alien called a "Rolleram", which kills its victim by rolling over it.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In the Sonic the Hedgehog video game series, the main character Sonic and his sidekick Tails move by rolling.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The 1995 short story "Microbe", by Kenyon College biologist and feminist science fiction writer Joan Slonczewski, is about a trip to explore an alien world, where the plant and animal life is entirely made  of doughnut-shaped organisms.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 L. Frank Baum's 1907 children's book Ozma of Oz includes human-like creatures with wheels instead of hands and feet, called "Wheelers".
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The 1968 novel The Goblin Reservation by Clifford D. Simak includes an intelligent kind of alien that uses natural wheels.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 Piers Anthony's 1977 book Cluster and its sequels (the later books in the same series) include a type of aliens called Polarians.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 They suffer from arthritis in their axles as they become old, especially when living in an environment with high gravity.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 A 1997 novel in the Animorphs series, The Andalite Chronicles, includes a kind of aliens called Mortrons.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The Mortrons are made of two separate living parts: a yellow and black bottom half with four wheels, and a long, red head with sharp teeth and hidden wings.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The 2000 novel The Amber Spyglass, by English author Philip Pullman, includes a type of alien known as the Mulefa.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The Mulefa have diamond-shaped (◊-shaped) bodies with one leg at the front and back and one leg on each side.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 They hold the pods on axles made of bone on their front and back legs, while pushing themselves with their side legs.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The Mulefa and the seed pod trees have a symbiotic relationship, or a relationship that helps both sides: the Mulefa use the seed pods as wheels, and the seed pod trees depend on the rolling to crack open the pods and allow the seeds to spread.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 In the 2000 novel Wheelers, by English mathematician Ian Stewart and biologist Jack Cohen, a kind of alien called "blimps" can grow machines called "wheelers", which use wheels to move.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 The 2009 Disney children's television series Jungle Junction includes jungle animals with wheels instead of legs.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 1.Even though evolution and biology get in the way of animals growing wheels, animals can still use other objects as wheels.
Rolling and wheels in the natural world 
 This can be done by instinct (knowledge that an animal is born with, like dung beetles), or by intelligent animals like humans using tools.
June Angela 
 June Angela (born June Angela Profanato, August 1959) is an American actress, tap dancer and singer.
June Angela 
 She was 10 years old in season 1 (1969-1970) of Sesame Street (where she cameo appeared) and 12-17 and 49 years old in seasons 1-7 (1971-1977, 2006 and 2009) of The Electric Company.
Donald Sterling 
 Sterling bought the Clippers in 1981 for $12.5 million, and as of 2014, the team is valued at $575 million by Forbes magazine, ranking them 18th out of 30 teams.
Donald Sterling 
 At 33 seasons of ownership (1981 to present), Sterling was the longest-tenured owner in the NBA since the death of Los Angeles Lakers majority owner Jerry Buss on February 18, 2013 up until his suspension on April 29, 2014.