the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Transfection 
 A DNA construct is an artificially constructed bit of nucleic acid which is going to be 'transplanted' into a target tissue or cell.
Transfection 
 Transfection of animal cells usually involves opening temporary pores (holes) in the cell membrane, to allow the cells to take up the vector.
Purity 
 Purity Distilling Company, an alcohol manufacturer involved in the Boston Molasses Disaster in the United States
Antibiotic resistance 
 Called antibiotic resistance, this is one of the most serious problems facing modern surgery and medicine.
Antibiotic resistance 
 However, there is a lag-time of about eight years between discovery and possible availability for general use.
Antibiotic resistance 
 A well-known example of natural selection in action is the development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, antibiotics have been used to fight bacterial diseases.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Natural populations of bacteria contain, among their vast numbers of individual members, considerable variation in their genetic material, as the result of mutations.
Antibiotic resistance 
 When exposed to antibiotics, most bacteria die quickly, but some may have mutations that make them slightly less susceptible.
Antibiotic resistance 
 "It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory by exposing them to concentrations not sufficient to kill them, and the same thing has occasionally happened in the body... The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal quantities of the drug make them resistant".
Antibiotic resistance 
 "There are a number of infections from which no-one had [ever] recovered before the discovery of effective anti-bacterial agents".
Antibiotic resistance 
 The mechanisms of which the bacteria undergo to become antibiotic resistant are via genetic mutation and horizontal gene transfer.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Antibiotics given before and after surgery allow surgeons to do operations that would have been deadly before.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Patients with organ transplants always use drugs to suppress the immune system, otherwise it attacks the transplant.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Without effective antibiotics, both sets of patients might die from infections which their immune systems could no longer control.
Antibiotic resistance 
 "It's a pretty grim future, I think a lot of major surgery would be seriously threatened," said Professor Richard James of the University of Nottingham.
Antibiotic resistance 
 The number of tests coming back with resistance to carbapenems, one of the most powerful groups of antibiotics, has soared from a handful of cases in 2003 to more than 300 cases by 2010. "
Antibiotic resistance 
 My lab is seeing an increasing number of resistant strains year on year," said Prof Neil Woodford, of the Health Protection Agency's antimicrobial resistance unit.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Around the world, multi-drug resistant and extremely-drug resistant tuberculosis is a growing problem.
Antibiotic resistance 
 The greatest threat in the UK is opportunistic bugs which live in the gut such as E. coli and Klebsiella.
Antibiotic resistance 
 It says "the number of infections complicated by antimicrobial resistance could increase markedly over the next 20 years".
Antibiotic resistance 
 "Without effective antibiotics, even minor surgery and routine operations could become high-risk procedures, leading to increased duration of illness and ultimately premature mortality".
Antibiotic resistance 
 "The use and misuse of antimicrobials... over the past 70 years has led to a relentless rise in the number and types of microorganisms resistant to these medicines – leading to death, increased suffering and disability, and higher healthcare costs".
Antibiotic resistance 
 "Deaths from acute respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, measles, AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis account for more than 85% of the mortality from infection worldwide.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Resistance to first-line drugs in most of the pathogens causing these diseases ranges from zero to almost 100%.
Antibiotic resistance 
 In some instances resistance to second- and thirdline agents is seriously compromising treatment outcome.
Antibiotic resistance 
 The bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB) can develop resistance to the antimicrobial drugs used to cure the disease.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is TB that does not respond to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the 2 most powerful anti-TB drugs (WHO, 2018)
Antibiotic resistance 
 "Added to this is the significant global burden of resistant, hospital-acquired infections, the emerging problems of antiviral resistance and the increasing problems of drug resistance in the neglected parasitic diseases of poor and marginalized populations".
Antibiotic resistance 
 Given enough time, and repeated exposure to the antibiotic, a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria will emerge.
Antibiotic resistance 
 This leads to what is known as an evolutionary arms race, or co-evolution, in which bacteria continue to develop strains that are less susceptible to antibiotics, while medical researchers continue to develop new antibiotics that can kill them.
Antibiotic resistance 
 A similar situation occurs with pesticide resistance in plants and insects, and with malarial resistance to quinine.
Antibiotic resistance 
 A man in the UK has caught the "world's worst-ever case" of gonorrhoea, a sexually-transmitted disease.
Antibiotic resistance 
 An authority said "This is the first time a case has displayed such high-level resistance to both of these drugs and to most other commonly used antibiotics".
Antibiotic resistance 
 New strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have emerged that are resistant the next generation of drugs.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Drug-resistant TB is a serious public health issue in many developing countries, as its treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs.
Antibiotic resistance 
 MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line TB drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Extensively drug-resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs.
Antibiotic resistance 
 Malaria infections are not caused by bacteria: they are caused by a protozoan parasite injected into the blood by a mosquito.
Antibiotic resistance 
 A doctor said "It is an early sign and we need to take it quite seriously as it may be snowballing into something with greater impact".
Antibiotic resistance 
 Teixobactin is an antibiotic discovered in 2015, the first new antibiotic discovered for forty years.
Antibiotic resistance 
 It works against all gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and against some other bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Stanford R. Ovshinsky 
 Stanford Robert Ovshinsky (November 24, 1922 – October 17, 2012) was an American inventor and scientist.
Peter Mark Richman 
 Peter Mark Richman (born Marvin Jack Richman, April 16, 1927 – January 14, 2021) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, and radio actor who was known for his roles in productions like Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan, The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear, Friendly Persuasion, Agent for H.A.R.M and Dark Intruder.
Peter Mark Richman 
 Richman was born on April 16, 1927 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Yetta Dora Peck and to Benjamin Richman.
Jada Pinkett Smith 
 Jada Koren Pinkett Smith (born September 18, 1971) is an American movie, television, voice actress, movie produer and director, singer-songwriter, writers, and businesswoman.
Jada Pinkett Smith 
 She is known for her roles as Carla Purty in The Nutty Professor and as Gloria the Hippo in Madagascar, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa, and in Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted.
John Carradine 
 John Carradine (Richmond Reed Carradine; February 5, 1906 – November 27, 1988) was an American movie, television, voice, stage, and radio actor who is known for his roles in House of Dracula, House of Frankenstein, The Grapes Wrath, Stagecoach, Billy the Kid vs. Dracula, and in House of the Long Shadows.
John Carradine 
 He has five children, Bruce (his McCool's son whom he adopted), David, Christopher, Keith and Robert.
Mitch McConnell 
 Addison Mitchell "Mitch" McConnell, Jr. (born February 20, 1942) is the senior United States Senator from Kentucky.
Mitch McConnell 
 A member of the Republican Party, he is the Minority Leader of the Senate, succeeding Chuck Schumer.
Mitch McConnell 
 Mitch McConnell was born to Julia (née Shockley) and Addison Mitchell McConnell at Helen Keller Hospital in Sheffield, Alabama on February 20, 1942.
Mitch McConnell 
 In 1964, he graduated with honors from the University of Louisville with a B.A. in political science.
Mitch McConnell 
 In 1984, McConnell ran for the United States Senate against two-term Democratic incumbent Walter "Dee" Huddleston.
Mitch McConnell 
 The election race wasn't decided until the last polls returned came in, and McConnell won by a thin margin—only 5,200 votes out of more than 1.8 million votes cast, just over 0.4%.
Mitch McConnell 
 McConnell was the only Republican Senate challenger to win that year, despite Ronald Reagan's landslide victory in the presidential election.
Mitch McConnell 
 Part of McConnell's success came from a series of television campaign spots called "Where's Dee", which featured a group of bloodhounds trying to find Huddleston, implying that Huddleston's attendance record in the Senate was less than stellar.
Mitch McConnell 
 McConnell has repeatedly been found to have the lowest home state approval rating of any sitting senator.
Mitch McConnell 
 His second wife, whom he married in 1993, is Elaine Chao, the current Secretary of Transportation under Donald Trump and the former Secretary of Labor under George W. Bush (the first Asian American woman to serve in the Cabinet).
Mitch McConnell 
 Senator McConnell's personal fortune was between $9,839,049 to $44,587,000 in 2010 and he was ranked as the 10th wealthiest member of the U.S. Senate.
Leopard gecko 
 The leopard gecko, also known as the panther gecko or the common leopard gecko, is a medium-sized lizard.
Leopard gecko 
 They live in the southern part of Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, northwest India, and parts of Iran.
Leopard gecko 
 Leopard geckos are around 7-9 inches (17.8-22.9 cm avg female)& (20-28 avg male) long, with large heads, big eyes with oval-shaped pupils, thin toes, and, unlike other reptiles, they have eyelids.
Leopard gecko 
 They have thick tails that narrow to a point and, like their bodies and heads, are slightly flattened from top to bottom.
Leopard gecko 
 Spaced rows of larger, bumpy scales give them a knobby, rough look, but they are actually soft when touched.
Leopard gecko 
 Leopard geckos are normally lavender or yellow in colour, but pet leopard geckos come in different "colour morphs" like albino, "Banana blizzard", "Blizzard", "Ghost", "High Yellow", "Hyper Xanthic", "Jungle", "Leucistic", "Normal" or "Wild", "Patternless", "Red-stripe", "Snow", "Tremper Albino" and many more.
Leopard gecko 
 The tail breaks at a crack in the vertebra, and the surrounding muscles are arranged so that they separate neatly and instantly.
Leopard gecko 
 The leopard gecko is found in dry rocky regions, dry grasslands and deserts of southern Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, northwest India, and parts of Iran.
Leopard gecko 
 The temperatures of these areas during winter can be quite low, below , forcing the animals underground into semi-hibernation, called brumation, and they live on fat reserves.
Leopard gecko 
 Leopard geckos are crepuscular reptiles; during the day they hide in burrows, but they are active at dawn and dusk when the temperature is favorable.
Leopard gecko 
 If held in a human hand they will only bite if they mistake a finger for food, or if the person is holding the gecko too tightly.
Leopard gecko 
 In the wild, leopard geckos feed mainly on insects, fruits, spiders, snails, small lizards, birds, and bird eggs.
Leopard gecko 
 If she accepts to mate with him, she lifts her tail allowing the male to insert one of his paired copulatory organs, called hemipenes.
Leopard gecko 
 They can lay up to five clutches of one or (usually) two eggs during the five month breeding season, and may use some of the stored sperm to fertilize each clutch.
Pitchblende 
 It has a chemical composition that is largely UO2, but also contains UO3 and oxides of lead, thorium, and rare earth elements.
Pitchblende 
 The mineral has been known at least since the 15th century from silver mines in the Ore Mountains, on the German/Czech border.
Pitchblende 
 Because the uranium isotopes 238U and   235U will decay to form the lead isotopes 206Pb and 207Pb, pitchblende also always contains small amounts of lead.
Pitchblende 
 Helium was first found on Earth in pitchblende after having been discovered  in the Sun's atmosphere.
Pitchblende 
 Some of the highest grade uranium ores in the world were found in the Shinkolobwe mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the initial source for the Manhattan Project) and in the Athabasca Basin in northern Canada.
Pitchblende 
 Another important source of pitchblende is at Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada, where it is found in large quantities associated with silver.
Pitchblende 
 In the United States it can be found in the states of New Hampshire, Connecticut, North Carolina, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico.
Pitchblende 
 Uranium ore is generally processed close to the mine into yellowcake, which is an intermediate step in the processing of uranium.
Rare earth element 
 Scandium and yttrium are rare earth elements since they are often found in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and have similar chemical properties.
Rare earth element 
 They were called this because they are spread very evenly over the Earth, so it is hard to find a lot in one place.
Rare earth element 
 A table listing the seventeen rare earth elements, their atomic number and symbol, the origin of their names, and some of their uses is provided here.
Rare earth element 
 Some of the rare earths are named after the scientists who discovered them, and some are named based on where they were discovered.
Rare earth element 
 It is also an additive in certain lamps.<ref name="CRC_ed89_elements">C. R. Hammond, "Section 4; The Elements", in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 89th Edition (Internet Version 2009), David R. Lide, ed.,
Rare earth element 
 |High refractive index glass, flint, hydrogen storage, battery-electrodes, camera lenses, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst for oil refineries
Rare earth element 
 |Chemical oxidizing agent, polishing powder, yellow colors in glass and ceramics, catalyst for self-cleaning ovens, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst for oil refineries,  flints for lighters
Rare earth element 
 |Rare-earth magnets, lasers, core material for carbon arc lighting, colorant, additive in  glass used in welding goggles,
Rare earth element 
 |Rare-earth magnets, high refractive index glass or garnets, lasers, X-ray tubes, computer memories, neutron capture, MRI contrast agents |-
Rare earth element 
 Promethium is one of the two elements that do not have stable (non-radioactive) isotopes and are followed by stable elements (the other being  technetium).
Rare earth element 
 Because all lanthanides are close in size, the rare earth elements have always been hard to separate.
Rare earth element 
 Even with eons of geological time, separation of the lanthanides in nature has only rarely gone farther than the separation between light versus heavy lanthanides, otherwise known as the cerium and yttrium earths.
Rare earth element 
 Today, the Indian and South African deposits still make some rare earth concentrates, but they are very small compared to the amount being produced in China.
Rare earth element 
 Although these numbers have since been said to have lowered to 90% of global production and a proven reserve rate of only 23% by 2012.
Rare earth element 
 All of the world's heavy rare earths (such as dysprosium) come from Chinese rare earth sources such as the polymetallic Bayan Obo deposit.
Rare earth element 
 "Sedimentary carbonate‐hosted giant Bayan Obo REE‐Fe‐Nb ore deposit of Inner Mongolia, China; a cornerstone example for giant polymetallic ore deposits of hydrothermal origin".
Rare earth element 
 In 2010, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) released a study which found that the United States had 13 million metric tons of rare earth elements.
Rare earth element 
 In several years from 2009, worldwide demand for rare earth elements is expected to be more than the supply by 40,000 tonnes each year unless new sources are developed.
Rare earth element 
 On September 1, 2009, China said it is going to lower its exports to 35,000 tons per year in 2010–2015.
Rare earth element 
 On October 19, 2010 China Daily reported that China will "further reduce quotas for rare earth exports by 30 percent at most next year to protect the precious metals from over-exploitation".
Rare earth element 
 At the end of 2010 China said that the first round of exports in 2011 for rare earths would be 14,446 tons.
Rare earth element 
 Because of the increased demand and the restrictions on exports of the metals from China, some countries are stockpiling rare earth resources.
Rare earth element 
 Searches for new sources in Australia, Brazil, Canada, South Africa, Tanzania, Greenland, and the United States are taking place.
Rare earth element 
 The European Union has urged the Denmark protectorate Greenland to restrict Chinese development of rare-earth projects there, as China accounts for 95 percent of the world’s current supply.
Rare earth element 
 As of early 2013, the government of Greenland has said that it has no plans to impose such restrictions.
Rare earth element 
 However, it is not likely that creating them can be done safely and economically because of the radioactivity of many of these isotopes.
Rare earth element 
 Another source of rare earths is electronic waste and other wastes that have a large amount of rare earth components.
Rare earth element 
 New advances in recycling technology have made getting the rare earths from these materials easier to do.
Rare earth element 
 Recycling plants are currently operating in Japan, where there is about 300,000 tons of rare earths in unused electronics.
Rare earth element 
 These factories will produce 200 tons a year of rare earths from used fluorescent lamps, magnets and batteries.
Rare earth element 
 China has said that resource depletion and environmental concerns are the reasons for increased nationwide control of its rare earth mineral production.
Rare earth element 
 According to The Economist'', "Slashing their exports of rare-earth metals...is all about moving Chinese manufacturers up the supply chain, so they can sell valuable finished goods to the world rather than lowly raw materials."
Rare earth element 
 The United States Department of Energy in its 2010 Critical Materials Strategy report identified dysprosium as the element that was most critical in terms of import reliance.
Rare earth element 
 A 2011 report issued by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of the Interior, “China’s Rare-Earth Industry," deals with industry trends in China.
Rare earth element 
 The report says that China’s lead in the production of rare-earth minerals has grown over the past two decades.
Rare earth element 
 According to the report, recent patterns suggest that China will slow the export of such materials to the world: “Owing to the increase in domestic demand, the Government has gradually reduced the export quota during the past several years.”
Rare earth element 
 In 2006, China allowed 47 domestic rare-earth producers and traders and 12 Sino-foreign rare-earth producers to export.
Rare earth element 
 By 2011, there were only 22 domestic rare-earth producers and traders and 9 Sino-foreign rare-earth producers.
Rare earth element 
 The government’s future policies will likely keep in place strict controls: “According to China’s draft rare-earth development plan, annual rare-earth production may be limited to between 130,000 and 140,000 [metric tons] during the period from 2009 to 2015.
Rare earth element 
 The export quota for rare-earth products may be about 35,000 [metric tons] and the Government may allow 20 domestic rare-earth producers and traders to export rare earths.”
Rare earth element 
 The United States Geological Survey is searching southern Afghanistan for rare earth deposits under the protection of United States military forces.
Rare earth element 
 Since 2009, the USGS has done remote surveys as well as fieldwork to verify Soviet claims that volcanic rocks containing rare earth metals exist in Helmand province near the village of Khanneshin.
Rare earth element 
 The USGS has found an  area of rocks in the center of an extinct volcano with light rare earth elements including cerium and neodymium.
Rare earth element 
 Rare earth elements are not exchange-traded in the same way that precious (for instance, gold and silver) or non-ferrous metals (such as nickel, tin, copper, and aluminium) are.
Rare earth element 
 Rare earths mining: China's 21st Century gold rush, BBC News June 2010 infographic examining China's role in the rare earths market.
Larry Hankin 
 Larry Hankin (born August 31, 1940) is an American movie, television, radio, stage, voice actor, movie director and movie producer who is known for his role as Mr. Heckles in Friends.
Jonathan Harris 
 Jonathan Harris (Jonathan Charasuchin; November 6, 1914 – November 3, 2002) was an American movie, television, radio, stage, and voice actor who is known for his role as Dr. Zachary Smith in Lost in Space.
Zenith 
 The zenith is not a real point,  it is used as a reference for the location of other things in the sky.
Herman Bing 
 Herman Bing (March 30, 1889 – January 9, 1947) was a German-American character actor and voice actor.
Larry Semon 
 Lawrence "Larry" Semon (February 9, 1889 – October 8, 1928) was an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter during the silent movie era.
Larry Semon 
 He is now remembered mainly for working with both Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy before they started working together.
Joyce Cary 
 Joyce Cary (born Arthur Joyce Lunel Cary; December 7, 1888 – March 29, 1957) was an Irish novelist and writer, who was born in Donegal, Ireland.
Joyce Cary 
 In 1913, he joined the Nigerian Political Service, under the British colonial system and was posted out to Nigeria.
Joyce Cary 
 He published several other works after this, including The Captive and the Free, Herself Surprised, A Fearful Joy, The Horse's Mouth, To be a Pilgrim and others.
Theodore Roethke 
 Roethke's parents were German immigrants, who settled in Michigan and started a highly prosperous floral business.
Theodore Roethke 
 However, according to critics and scholars, he really began to 'mature' with his second book, The Lost Son and Other Poems (1948) which was followed by other critically acclaimed volumes.
Theodore Roethke 
 Among other prizes and awards, he won the Pulitzer Prize (1953) the Bollinger Prize (1958) and a posthumous National Book Award (1964).
Sikandar Hayat Khan 
 Khan Bahadur Captain (retd) Sardar Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, KBE, (born 1892 - died 1942) was an important Punjabi statesman and popular leader.
Sikandar Hayat Khan 
 After initial education at the Aligarh school and the MAO College at Aligarh (later to become the Aligarh Muslim University), he went for higher education to the King's College London.